Wikipedia swwiki https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwanzo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.23 first-letter Media Maalum Majadiliano Mtumiaji Majadiliano ya mtumiaji Wikipedia Majadiliano ya Wikipedia Faili Majadiliano ya faili MediaWiki Majadiliano ya MediaWiki Kigezo Majadiliano ya kigezo Msaada Majadiliano ya msaada Jamii Majadiliano ya jamii Lango Majadiliano ya lango Wikichanzo Majadiliano ya Wikichanzo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 4 915 1606449 1598733 2026-10-09T09:29:07Z MediaWiki message delivery 17311 /* Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist */ mjadala mpya 1606449 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ * '''en:'''Welcome to the '''Swahili Wikipedia Village Pump!''' * '''sw:''' Ukurasa huu ni kwa ajili ya kuwasaidia watu wanaotaka kuboresha kamusi hii na kujadiliana mambo ya jumuiya yetu! * [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya/Matukio ya Kimataifa|Orodha ya Matukio ya Kimataifa]]:Unaweza kuangalia kalenda hiyo ya matukio ya kimataifa na ukipendezwa unaweza kushiriki tukio lolote iwapo utaona linakuhusu. Viungo vya jumuiya: {| class="wikitable" border="1" |- |[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]] <br/>'''Fungua hapa kuona kura kuhusu wakabidhi wapya!''' |[[Wikipedia:Makala kwa ufutaji]] |[[Wikipedia:Maboresho yanayohitajika]] |[http://tools.wmflabs.org/wikiviewstats/?locale=en&lang=sw&project=&page=&datefrom=2014-05-02&autofilter&type=world Makala zinazotembelewa sana leo hii] |[[Wikipedia:Kuzuia watumiaji]] |- |[[Wikipedia:Ubalozi]] |[[Wikipedia:Kundi la Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]] |[[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Daruser|Wikimedia Community User Group Tanzania]] |[[Wikipedia:Makala zilizoombwa]] |[https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec Michango yote ya mtumiaji] (jaza jina) * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maalum:CentralAuth?target= Angalia michango ya watumiaji]* [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&offset=&limit=500&type=newusers&user=&page=&wpdate=&tagfilter=&wpfilters%5B0%5D=newusers Watumiaji wapya] |} ==Kumbukumbu ya miaka iliyopita== <small>'''Majadiliano ya awali yamehamishiwa hapa:''' * [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya/Kumbukumbu hadi Julai 2008]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu Julai 2008 hadi Desemba 2009]]''' * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu Desemba 2009 hadi Desemba 2011]]''' * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2012 hadi 2013]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2014]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2015]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2016]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2017]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2018-2019]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2020-2021-VI]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya/Kumbukumbu 2021-VI - 2022-I]] * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia/Kumbukumbu 2022 - 2025 I]] </small> ==Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili== Kwa wote wanaopenda kutafakari na kujadiliana nasi namna ya kuendeleza wikipedia hii ya Kiswahili wakabidhi walianzisha kundi la '''[[meta:Jenga Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]]'''. Unaweza kujiandikisha pale kama umehariri hapa kwa muda wa mwaka mmoja angalau. ==Jamii / Kategoria== Ndugu zangu, kuna mtu amebadili ujumbe wa kusano kutoka JAMII kwenda kategoria. Kwa sasa inaonekana juu lakini baadaye itachukua nafasi. Huu ni uharibifu wa tafsiri. Tazama hapa: https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:1000 Inabidi tudhibiti mapema tafsiri zijadiliwe na wasemaji wa Kiswahili badala ya kikundi cha wahuni wanaojiita wafasiri. == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:11, 16 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 Aprili 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 Aprili 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == Pigia kura mapendekezo ya marekebisho ya Miongozo ya Utekelezaji ya UCoC na Mkataba wa U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Kipindi cha kupigia kura marekebisho ya Mkataba wa Utekelezaji wa Kanuni za Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili na U4C itafungwa tarehe 1 Mei 2025 saa 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 angalia kwa saa za eneo lako]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Soma maelezo kuhusu jinsi ya kushiriki na kusoma pendekezo kabla ya kupiga kura]] kwenye ukurasa wa UCoC kwenye Meta-wiki. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Maadili (U4C)]] ni kikundi cha kimataifa kinachojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Tathmini hii ya kila mwaka ilipangwa na kutekelezwa na U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, unaweza [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|kuupitia Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe ujumbe huu wanajumuiya wenzako katika lugha yako, kadri utakavyoona inavyofaa, ili waweze kushiriki pia. Kwa ushirikiano na U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 Aprili 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == Vandalism == I suppose the two pictures in the text [[Adidas]] are simple vandalism and do not make sence in the text. But not being active in this wikipedia, I don't know how to attract more attention to the doubtful edit of march 2023. :Nadhani picha mbili katika maandishi [[Adidas]] ni uharibifu rahisi na hazina maana katika maandishi. Lakini kutokuwa hai katika wikipedia hii, sijui jinsi ya kuvutia umakini zaidi kwa uhariri wa shaka wa Machi 2023. --'''[[Mtumiaji:ThomasPusch|ThomasPusch]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ThomasPusch|majadiliano]])''' 12:06, 12 Mei 2025 (UTC) :It has been fixed! [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Aguahrz^{Chronist^2.0}</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 12:20, 12 Mei 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|majadiliano]])</bdi> 22:07, 15 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == Changes to the way some users are granted the right to see temporary account IP addresses == Hello! This is the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product|Trust and Safety Product]] team. We would like to share that we have decided to change the requirements for access to temporary account IP addresses. '''The impact on your community will be minimal'''. We are planning on implementing the change in the week of May 26 ([[phab:T393358|T393358]] + [[phab:T393360|T393360]] + [[phab:T390942|T390942]]). I will keep you updated about the details. We are only changing the rules for users who do not have extended rights (e.g. admins, bureaucrats, checkusers – [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia_Access_to_Temporary_Account_IP_Addresses_Policy#requirements-for-access|see the policy for more examples]]) but their account is a minimum of 6 months old, and who have made a minimum of 300 edits on this wiki. They will lose access to IP addresses ([[phab:T393360|T393360]]), and to have it back, '''they will need to apply for the right. Admins or stewards will decide whether to grant it''' ([[phab:T390942|T390942]]). This will entail human manual work, but this method will be safer than if we continued to grant the rights automatically. We want to emphasize that there has been no user who wouldn't have extended rights to ever reveal a temporary account's IP addresses on your wiki. We made this decision based on what we heard from you, piloting wikis, particularly Romanian Wikipedians. We also consulted on options with Stewards, and had discussions on Meta-Wiki and about 20 Wikipedias with large communities. When we deploy temporary accounts to more wikis, we will evaluate the impact and may adjust our approach again. In addition, we'd like you to know that requirements for access to the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety_Product/IP_Info|IP Info]] feature will be identical with the ones for access to the temporary accounts' IP addresses (a user will either have full information or none). '''The rationale for the change''' We chose the current numerical thresholds and automatic granting before deploying temporary accounts on any wiki. However, it’s become clear to us that these requirements are quite low and it is still too easy for bad-faith actors to gain access to temporary account IP addresses. We want temporary accounts to meaningfully improve editor privacy, so we need to be more restrictive. Our goal is to more consistently limit IP address access to only those who need it. '''How will this work''' * When a user without extended rights needs to view temporary account IP addresses, they will need to file a request for being added to the "Temporary account IP viewers" group. They will file the request to admins (the local communities will be able to decide what that process will be) or stewards (for wikis without local admins). * The software will require that the user has at least 300 edits and the account since at least 6 months. Admins and stewards will not be able to grant temporary account IP access to accounts that do not meet that criteria. This is a minimum, and we encourage you to enforce higher thresholds. * The user reviewing the request will check if the user applying for the right meets requirements and that they have provided a valid justification. The right itself will be granted through Special:UserRights. * Users who grant requests for the right will also handle removal of the right. We would also like to clarify some details. For your convenience, we will also document some of it in [[mediawikiwiki:Trust_and_Safety_Product/Temporary_Accounts/FAQ|the project FAQ]]. {{hidden|Access to IP addresses|bg1=background-color:#eee;|2 = * '''Separation of the new right''' (checkuser-temporary-account) out to a new group ([[metawiki:Meta:Temporary_account_IP_viewer|Temporary account IP viewers]]), as opposed to technically attaching it to any [[Special:ListGroupRights|existing group]] (like patroller). We have decided to do this for a few reasons: ** '''Having access to IP addresses carries risk'''. This right is similar to checkuser. IP addresses are considered personally identifiable information (a kind of [[:en:personal data|personal data]]). Outside actors who want to access IP addresses will now need to interact with users who have this right. Users with this right should be aware of this, and alert to the possibility of suspicious access requests. ** '''Good practices for privacy protection'''. Giving access to users who are trusted but do not need access to carry on their work is not in line with good practices for processing personal data. ** '''Removal of right'''. Access to IPs will be [[phab:T325658|logged]] ([https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Log?type=checkuser-temporary-account example]). If any misuse of this right is detected, it can be taken away separately from any other permissions the user may hold. It would be difficult and sometimes also unreasonable to remove the rights unrelated to access to IP addresses. ** You may grant the new right to all users belonging to a certain existing group individually. These users must meet the criteria for Temporary account IP viewers, though. ** For clarity – all this does not affect administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, stewards, and other groups mentioned in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|global policy]]. * '''Activity requirement'''. With regards to users who would need to be granted access manually, the policy says that they "must edit or take a logged action to the local project at least once within a 365-day period". This requirement is not changing. }} {{hidden|Process of granting the right|bg1=background-color:#eee;|2 = * '''Formality of granting the right'''. There is no need for discussions or votes like Request for Adminship. It does suffice if a single admin makes a decision using their own judgement. * '''Additional requirements for the users applying for the right'''. ** You have autonomy over the process for granting the right. You can adopt thresholds higher than 300 edits, or disallow the "non-admin+" users to have the right. The granting process can be as basic or elaborate as you deem appropriate. ** Which criteria admins should take when deciding whether to grant the right – how to tell whether a user needs access to IP addresses? There are no mandatory requirements beyond a minimum of 300 edits and a 6 month old account. You may introduce additional criteria related to trust to the user (such as no prior blocks or copyright violations) or experience in patrolling activities. * '''Additional burden on administrators'''. We understand the toil of having to grant and remove an additional right. This is indeed a downside. We think that it will only have to be a one-time effort to grant this right to a larger number of people. We are curious if you can find ways to limit this burden. }} '''Next steps on your side we would like to suggest''' * We are encouraging you to consider '''adopting a policy''' on granting and removing the right, if you think you need to add anything to the global policy. * We are encouraging you to '''start granting the right'''. Considering our data (up to a few non-functionaries have ever revealed temporary account IP addresses here), we believe you don't need to rush or spend a lot of time preparing for this before the change comes into force, though. * We would like to show you what level of wiki-bureaucracy seems sufficient from our point of view. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=28667152 In the sandbox], we have created a draft of what a page with requests for the flag could look like. Of course the final content of the page will depend on your community. We do not want to imply that we are instructing you on this matter. Let us know if you have any questions. Thank you! [[metawiki:User:NKohli_(WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]] and '''[[Mtumiaji:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 02:27, 16 Mei 2025 (UTC) == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:27, 22 Mei 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == Uchaguzi wa Bodi ya Wadhamini ya Wikimedia Foundation mwaka 2025 na Wito wa Maswali == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Wapendwa wote, Mwaka huu, Muda wa Wadhamini 2 (wawili) waliochaguliwa na jumuiya na Washirika kwenye Bodi ya Wadhamini ya Shirika la Wikimedia Foundation utakamilika [1]. Bodi inakaribisha harakati nzima kushiriki katika mchakato wa uteuzi wa mwaka huu na kupiga kura kujaza viti hivyo. Kamati ya Uchaguzi inasimamia mchakato huu kwa msaada kutoka kwa wafanyakazi wa Shirika [2]. Kamati ya Utawala inayoundwa na wadhamini ambao si wagombea katika mchakato wa uteuzi wa wadhamini waliochaguliwa na jumuiya na washirika wa mwaka 2025 (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina na Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], ina jukumu la kutoa usimamizi wa Bodi ya wadhamini kwa ajili ya kuweka taarifa kwa Bodi ya wadhamini. Maelezo zaidi kuhusu majukumu ya Kamati ya Uchaguzi, Bodi, na wafanyakazi yako hapa [4]. Hapa kuna tarehe kuu zilizopangwa: * Mei 22 – Juni 5: Tangazo (mawasiliano hayo) na mwito wa kipindi cha maswali * Juni 17 – Julai 1, 2025: Wito wa wagombea * Julai 2025: Ikihitajika, washirika hupigia kura wagombea waliopo kwenye orodha fupi ikiwa 10 au zaidi wataomba [5] * Agosti 2025: Kipindi cha kampeni * Agosti – Septemba 2025: Kipindi cha wiki mbili cha kupiga kura kwa jumuiya * Oktoba – Novemba 2025: Ukaguzi wa usuli wa watahiniwa waliochaguliwa * Mkutano wa Bodi mnamo Decemba 2025: Wadhamini wapya wamekaa kwenye kiti Jifunze zaidi kuhusu uchaguzi wa 2025 - ikiwa ni pamoja na ratiba ya kina ya matukio, mchakato wa kugombea, sheria za kampeni na vigezo vya kustahiki kwa mpiga kura - kwenye ukurasa huu wa Meta-wiki [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[kiungo]]]. '''Wito wa Maswali''' Katika kila mchakato wa uchaguzi, jumuiya ina fursa ya kuwasilisha maswali kwa wagombea wa Bodi ya Wadhamini kujibu. Kamati ya Uchaguzi huchagua maswali kutoka kwenye orodha iliyoandaliwa na jumuiya ili wagombea wajibu. Wagombea lazima wajibu maswali yote yanayohitajika katika maombi ili kustahiki; vinginevyo maombi yao yatakataliwa. Mwaka huu, Kamati ya Uchaguzi itachagua maswali 5 kwa wagombea kujibu. Maswali yaliyochaguliwa yanaweza kuwa mchanganyiko wa yale yaliyowasilishwa kutoka kwa jumuiya, ikiwa yanafanana au yanahusiana. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[kiungo]]] '''Watu wa kujitolea katika uchaguzi''' Njia nyingine ya kuhusika katika mchakato wa uchaguzi wa mwaka 2025 ni kuwa Mtu wa Kujitolea katika Uchaguzi. Watu wa Kujitolea katika Uchaguzi ni daraja kati ya Kamati ya Uchaguzi na jumuiya zao. Wanasaidia kuhakikisha jumuiya inawakilishwa na kuwahamasisha kupiga kura. Jifunze zaidi kuhusu mpango na jinsi ya kujiunga kwenye ukurasa huu wa Meta-wiki [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[kiungo]]]. Asante! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Salamu sana, Victoria Doronina Uhusiano wa Bodi na Kamati ya Uchaguzi Kamati ya Utawala<section end="announcement-content" /> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 03:08, 28 Mei 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == U4C case - conclusion == Hello Swahili community, <br /> first of all I would like to apologize for writing in English, an automatic translation in Swahili will follow but we are aware that automatic translations in your language are not very good so we will need your help to make sure that the text is understandable. On 21 December 2024 a request to U4C was filed here: [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Cases/Sysop abuse in Swahili Wikipedia]]. Some deadlines were extended and we are aware that it took us a long time to conclude the case. I will report our conclusion below in English and with translation in Swahili. I will add also a translation in Italian which is a language one of your most active users (sysop and bureaucrat) is familiar with. Please contact the committee for any clarification needed. As a coordinating committee we would also like to offer our support if you need help with the requested actions. === U4C Motion === (The original text with votes is here: [[:m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Cases/Sysop_abuse_in_Swahili_Wikipedia#Motions]]) According to UNESCO (https://www.unesco.org/en/days/kiswahili-language), Swahili is among the 10 most widely spoken languages in the world, with more than 200 million speakers and it is one of the ''lingua franca'' in many countries within East, Central and Southern Africa as well as in the Middle East. According to Wikipedia ([[:w:Swahili_language|Swahili_language]]), Swahili is one of the national languages in Tanzania, Kenya, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Uganda, it is an official language of Rwanda, in some areas of Somalia and is spoken in other areas in the African Great Lakes region and East and Southern Africa. With the exception of Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda, in all the countries where Swahili is national language, homosexuality is not only illegal (in some cases - Uganda - with death penalty as punishment) but apparent "promotion" of homosexuality is also severely punished. More about this in following links: *https://www.equaldex.com/region/tanzania *https://www.equaldex.com/region/kenya *https://www.equaldex.com/region/burundi *https://www.equaldex.com/region/uganda U4C requested a legal opinion to assess what risks editors and administrators residing in those countries could face in editing or restoring content which may be considered to "promote" homosexuality even if for Wikimedian (or Western) standards that content would not be considered promotional but only neutral or descriptive. The U4C's priorities in this case are: *Protect local users, especially advanced right holders who could be misinterpreted as "responsible" for the content of a project *Protect all the readers and their right to have neutral and informative content '''U4C Actions''' # Recommend that the Swahili Wikipedia community work on a guideline about Neutral Point of View (Wikidata [[d:Q4656487]]) and a guideline about reliable sources (Wikidata [[d:Q4663914]]). The U4C will review progress in 6 months.<br /> # Recommend that the community seek local expertise on how it is permissible to educate a reader about topics related to LGBTQ issues without violating laws in Swahili-speaking countries and at the same time avoiding discrimination (as per the UCoC). Use this information to support NPOV on these topics. # Recommend that the community start discussing on dealing with local appeals and creating a procedure for this compliant with the [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#3.3.3_Appeals|Enforcement Guidelines]]. # Recommend that the community define a list of pages or "contentious topics" (starting from LGBTQ topics) where, once created, the above mentioned policies are particularly used/applied more strictly. At the same time: *Administrators on Swahili Wikipedia (swwiki) are topic banned from LGBTQ related pages, with admin actions related to content and conduct moderation delegated to Stewards and Global sysops (any interventions can be requested on Meta: [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard]] or [[:m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]). Here is a non-exhaustive list of pages that are covered: **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja - Homosexuality, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoa_ya_jinsia_moja - Same sex marriage, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbadili_jinsia - Transgender *Once the recommended measures as described above are set up, swwiki admins may appeal to the topic ban. === Translation in Swahili === ''This is an automatic translation, please kindly fix mistakes or parts which need clarification.'' Kulingana na UNESCO (https://www.unesco.org/en/days/kiswahili-language), Kiswahili ni miongoni mwa lugha 10 zinazozungumzwa na watu wengi zaidi duniani, ikiwa na wazungumzaji zaidi ya milioni 200 na ni mojawapo ya ''lingua franca'' katika nchi nyingi za Mashariki, Kati na Kusini mwa Afrika na pia Mashariki ya Kati. Kwa mujibu wa Wikipedia ([[:w:Swahili_language|Swahili_language]]), Kiswahili ni mojawapo ya lugha za kitaifa nchini Tanzania, Kenya, Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo, Burundi, Uganda, ni lugha rasmi ya Rwanda, katika baadhi ya maeneo ya Somalia na inazungumzwa katika maeneo mengine katika eneo la Maziwa Makuu ya Afrika na Afrika Mashariki na Kusini. Isipokuwa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo na Rwanda, katika nchi zote ambako Kiswahili ni lugha ya taifa, ushoga sio tu ni kinyume cha sheria (katika baadhi ya matukio - Uganda - na adhabu ya kifo kama adhabu) lakini "kukuza" kwa ushoga pia kunaadhibiwa vikali. Zaidi kuhusu hili katika viungo vifuatavyo: *https://www.equaldex.com/region/tanzania *https://www.equaldex.com/region/kenya *https://www.equaldex.com/region/burundi *https://www.equaldex.com/region/uganda U4C iliomba maoni ya kisheria ili kutathmini hatari ambazo wahariri na wasimamizi wanaoishi katika nchi hizo wanaweza kukabiliana nazo katika kuhariri au kurejesha maudhui ambayo yanaweza kuchukuliwa kuwa "kukuza" ushoga hata kama kwa viwango vya Wikimedian (au Magharibi) maudhui hayo hayatachukuliwa kuwa ya utangazaji bali yasiyoegemea upande wowote au maelezo. Vipaumbele vya U4C katika kesi hii ni: *Linda watumiaji wa ndani, haswa wamiliki wa haki wa hali ya juu ambao wanaweza kutafsiriwa vibaya kama "wajibiki" kwa maudhui ya mradi. *Linda wasomaji wote na haki yao ya kuwa na maudhui yasiyoegemea upande wowote na yenye taarifa '''Vitendo vya U4C''' # Pendekeza kwamba jumuiya ya Wikipedia ya Kiswahili ifanyie kazi mwongozo kuhusu Mtazamo wa Kuegemea (Wikidata [[d:Q4656487]]) na mwongozo kuhusu vyanzo vya kuaminika (Wikidata [[d:Q4663914]]). U4C itakagua maendeleo baada ya miezi 6.<br /> # Pendekeza kwamba jumuiya itafute utaalamu wa ndani kuhusu jinsi inavyoruhusiwa kuelimisha msomaji kuhusu mada zinazohusiana na masuala ya LGBTQ bila kukiuka sheria katika nchi zinazozungumza Kiswahili na wakati huo huo kuepuka ubaguzi (kulingana na UCoC). Tumia habari hii kusaidia NPOV kwenye mada hizi. # Pendekeza kwamba jumuiya ianze kujadiliana kuhusu kushughulikia rufaa za eneo lako na kuunda utaratibu wa kutii [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#3.3.3_Appeals|Enforcement Guidelines|Mwongozo wa Utekelezaji]]. # Pendekeza kwamba jumuia ifafanue orodha ya kurasa au "mada zinazogombana" (kuanzia mada za LGBTQ) ambapo, mara tu zikiundwa, sera zilizotajwa hapo juu hutumiwa/hutumiwa kwa ukali zaidi. Wakati huo huo: *Wasimamizi kwenye Wikipedia ya Kiswahili (swwiki) wamepigwa marufuku kwenye kurasa zinazohusiana na LGBTQ, huku vitendo vya wasimamizi vinavyohusiana na udhibiti wa maudhui na maadili vimekabidhiwa kwa Stewards na Global sysops (afua zozote zinaweza kuombwa kwenye Meta: [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard]] au [[:m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]). Hapa kuna orodha isiyo kamili ya kurasa ambazo zimefunikwa: **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja - Ushoga, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoa_ya_jinsia_moja - Ndoa ya jinsia moja, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbadili_jinsia - Transgender *Baada ya hatua zilizopendekezwa kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu kusanidiwa, wasimamizi wa swwiki wanaweza kukata rufaa dhidi ya marufuku ya mada. {{hidden | style = border: 1px black; width: 100%; | headerstyle = background:#f5f5f5 | contentstyle = | header = Translation in Italian/Tafsiri katika Kiitaliano | content = Secondo l'UNESCO (https://www.unesco.org/en/days/kiswahili-language), lo Swahili è tra le 10 lingue più parlate al mondo con oltre 200 milioni di persone che lo parlano ed è una "lingue franche" in diversi paese dell'Africa orientale, centrale e meridionale nonché nel Medio-Oriente. Secondo Wikipedia ([[:en:w:Swahili_language|Swahili_language]]), lo Swahili è una delle lingue nazionali in Tanzania, Kenya, Repubblica Democratica del Congo, Burundi, Uganda, è lingua ufficiale in Ruanda, in alcune aree della Somalia ed è abitualmente usato in altre aree della regione dei Grandi Laghi e dell'Africa Orientale e meridionale. Con l'eccezione della Repubblica Democratica del Congo e del Ruanda, in tutti i paese in cui lo Swahili è lingua nazionale, l'omosessualità non è solo illegale (in alcuni casi, come l'Uganda, è punita con la pena di morte) ma anche l'apparente promozione dell'omosessualità è severamente punita. Maggiori informazioni nei seguenti link: *https://www.equaldex.com/region/tanzania *https://www.equaldex.com/region/kenya *https://www.equaldex.com/region/burundi *https://www.equaldex.com/region/uganda U4C ha richiesto un parere legale per individuare quali rischi corrano i volontari e amministratori residenti in questi paese nell'effettuare modifiche o ripristinare contenuti che possono essere considerati promozionali dell'omosessualità anche se per standard Wikimediani (o del mondo occidentale) non sono considerati promozionali ma solo descrittivi o neutrali. Nel trattare questo caso le priorità dello U4C sono: *Tutelare gli utenti locali, specialmente coloro con diritti addizionali che possono essere erroneamente considerati come "responsabili" dei contenuti di un progetto *Tutelare i lettori e il loro diritto ad avere informazioni e contenuti neutrali '''In considerazione di ciò U4C''' # Raccomanda che la comunità della Wikipedia in Swahili lavori sulla creazione di linee guida sul punto di vista neutrale (Neutral Point of View - Wikidata [[d:Q4656487]]) e su una linea guida dedicata alle fonti attendibili e al loro uso (Wikidata [[d:Q4663914]]). U4C verificherà i progressi fra 6 mesi.<br /> # Raccomanda che la comunità ricerchi informazioni o consulenza locale su come fornire contenuti informativi sui temi collegati a LGBTQ senza violare leggi nei paesi di lingua Swahili ma allo stesso tempo senza discriminare (ai sensi di UCoC). Le informazioni ottenute andranno a supporto della linea guida sul punto di vista neutrale sull'argomento. # Raccomanda che la comunità inizi una discussione sulla gestione locale degli appelli ai blocchi e su una procedura degli stessi conforme alle linee guida sull'applicazione del codice di condotta [[:foundation:Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#3.3.3_Appeals|Enforcement Guidelines]]. # Raccomanda che la comunità definisca una lista di pagine di "argomenti controversi" (partendo dal tema LGBTQ) dove, una volta create le linee guida del punto 1, queste vengano usate e applicate con particolare rigore. Allo stesso tempo: *Gli amministratori della Wikipedia in Swahili hanno un topic ban (blocco selettivo su tema specifico) dalle pagine riguardanti tematiche LGBTQ, gli interventi amministrativi legati alla moderazione di condotta e contenuto sono delegate agli Steward e ai Global sysop (gli interventi possono essere richiesti nelle pagine su Meta: [[:m:Stewards' noticeboard]] oppure [[:m:Steward requests/Miscellaneous]]). Di seguito una lista non esasustiva delle pagine coinvolte: **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapenzi_ya_jinsia_moja - Homosexuality, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndoa_ya_jinsia_moja - Same sex marriage, **https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbadili_jinsia - Transgender *Una volta che i rimedi raccomandati descritti nei punti più sopra sono stati attuati gli amministratori di swwiki possono richiedere la rimozione del topic ban. }} On behalf of U4C, '''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 13:23, 31 Mei 2025 (UTC) == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Juni 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 17:44, 17 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Juni 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 12:46, 14 Julai 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == Boti ya kukaribisha ya [[user:AmmarBot|Ammar]] == Ndugu zangu wanaWikipedia. Hivi karibuni, nikiwa huko jijini Nairobi, nilikutana na Ammar. Kijana wa Kihausa kutoka nchini Nigeria. Katika maongezi yetu, tukafikia hatua ya kuzungumzia boti za kukaribisha watu. Kijana huyu alikubali kutumia muda wake mchache kuunda boti ya kukaribisha watu. Hivyo basi kila kibarua cha karibu kila wakati kimetuishia. Tafadhalini msipoteza muda wenu kukaribisha watu. Boti itafanya kazi. Tazameni: [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum%3AMichango&target=AmmarBot&namespace=all&tagfilter=&start=&end=&limit=50 Hapa] [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 13:45, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) :Hii nzuri! '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 15:02, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) ::Ila BOT atachukua muda gani tangu mgeni kajiunga hadi atakapokaribishwa? '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 15:02, 22 Agosti 2025 (UTC) == Introducing Paste Check: a new Edit Check for Wikipedia == Hello! Sorry for using English language. {{int:please-translate}}. {{int:Thank-you}} Paste Check is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check can prompt them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. '''Why Paste Check?''' Paste Check benefits two audiences: * Newcomers: Many new editors are unaware of Wikipedia’s policies regarding copyright violations. Some mistakenly believe that pasting from what they consider reliable sources is the way to edit. * Experienced editors: Paste Check aims to make it easier to identify and patrol edits that may contain pasted content (which can be either legit or copyright violations), helping us save time. The goal is to reduce the rate of copyright violations by at least 10% among newer editors. '''How it works''' By default, Paste Check will be shown to editors who have published 100 or fewer edits locally. When an editor matching this requirement pastes at least 50 characters of text from somewhere else, Paste Check will ask them to confirm if they wrote the content. Two options are then available: * Keep the text – the user is then asked to explain why. * Remove the text – the text is removed. In both cases, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|edits will be tagged]] so that experienced editors can identify edits in which Paste Check was shown. The tag will be visible even if the final edit didn’t include any pasted text. Paste Check will trigger when text is pasted a source it doesn’t recognize as another editing environment. It won’t show up if the editor has pasted text that we can technically recognize is coming from another MediaWiki visual editor instance, MS Office, Libre Office, Google Docs, or is plain text. To start, Paste Check will only work in the visual editor. '''Get involved''' The Editing team is seeking input on the proposed user experience and configuration. We plan to test the following interface with new users ([https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&showMessage=editcheck-dialog-addref-reject-question&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&language=&filter=&optional=1&action=translate please help translating it]):   [[File:Paste_Check_interface_for_September_2025's_test.png|575x575px]] We're planning to refine this interface over time, but want to start by launching a test so that we can determine whether the check is useful. We presented this interface to people who don't participate in Wikipedia, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#Qualitative evaluation|they found it practical and easy to understand]]. As a consequence, we would like to start by showing the feature to a fraction of newcomers for approximately 6 weeks. After this point, we will review the experiment results and decide what to do next. '''Configuration and test''' For experienced users, Paste Check will be configurable by the local communities (e.g. edit count thresholds, ignored sections and namespaces). Edits triggering Paste Check will be marked with the tag <code>editcheck-paste-shown</code> for easier tracking. You can try the proposed Paste Check interface: * visit https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/w/index.php?title=Cats&veaction=edit&ecenable=2 * Paste 50 characters or more from an external source, such as a website, to see the prompt. Your feedback is valuable! Please share your thoughts below, and ping me. {{int:Thank-you}} [[user:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] 13:47, 18 Septemba 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&oldid=29293687 --> :This test is planned to start on this Wednesday, 8 October. Let me know if you have any question! '''[[Mtumiaji:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Trizek (WMF)|majadiliano]])''' 15:31, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Hivi karibuni Wiki yenu itakuwa kwenye mfumo wa kutoharirika. == <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ujumbe huu kupitia lugha nyingine]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] [[foundation:|Shirika la Wikimedia]] litafanya mbadilishano wa taarifa baina ya vituo vyake vya data. Hii itahakikisha kuwa Wikipedia na Wiki nyingine za Wikimedia zinabaki mtandaoni hata likitokea janga. Mbadilishano wa taarifa utafanyika: '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|sw}}'''. Mbadilishano utaanza $muda huu: Inasikitisha kwamba, kutokana na vipingamizi kwenye [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], uhariri wa kila namna itabidi usitishwe wakati wa mbadilishano. Tunaomba radhi kwa mvurugiko huo, na tunafanya juhudi kupunguza kutokea kwa adha kama hiyo siku za ver. Bango litaanikizwa kwenye Wiki zote dakika 30 kabla ya kuanza kwa mchakato. Bango litabaki likionekana mpaka operesheni itapofikia mwisho. <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.</span> '''Mtaweza kusoma, lakini si kuhariri, kwenye Wiki zote, kwa kipindi kifupi.''' *Hutoweza kuhariri kwa takriban saa moja {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|sw}}. *Ukijaribu kuhariri na kuhifadhi kwenye nyakati his, utaona ujumbe kukujulisha kuwa umekosea. Tunanatumaini kuwa hakuna maharirio yatakayopotea kwenye dakika hizo, lakini hatuwezi kuahidi. Ukiona ujumbe unaokuarifu kuwa unakosea, basi tafadhali subiri hadi iwe ya kawaida. Baadae utaweza kuhifadhi kuhifadhi maharirio yako. Kakini, tunashauri uweke kwanza nakala ya mabadiliko uliyofanya, kwa tahadhari tu. ''Athari nyingine '' *Shughuli za nyuma ya pazia zitakuwa za taratibu sana, na nyingine zinaweza kuachwa. Viungo vyekundu vinaweza vikasasishwa polepole kuliko kawaida. Ukianzisha makala makala ambayo tayari imeunganishwa na sehemu nyingine, kiungo kitabaki chekundu kwa muda mrefu kuliko kawaida. Baadhi ya maandishi ya muda mrefu italazimika kuyasimamisha. * Tunatarajia utekelezaji wa kimsimbo utafanyika kama kwenye wiki [juma] zingine. Hata hivyo, kuzuiwa Kwa baadhi ya misimbo itayoainishwa, kunaweza kutokea bila kuchelewa kama operesheni itahitaji baadae. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|Gitlab]] haitopatikana kwa kiasi cha dakika 90. Mradi huu unaweza kuahirishwa panapo ulazima. Unaweza [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|kusoma ratiba hiyo kwenye wikitech. wikimedia.org]]. Mabadiliko yoyote yatatangazwa kwenye mpangilio wa ratiba. '''Tafadhali shiriki habari hii na jumuia yako.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:41, 18 Septemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Confidence_Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 19:49, 2 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2025-10-06_Wikipedias&oldid=29381387 --> == Event Organizer Right for [[user:EUwandu-WMF|EUwandu-WMF]] == Dear Swahili Wikipedia Admins, The Community Organizing Experience team (formerly the Campaigns team) at the Wikimedia Foundation is supporting Wikimedia Arusha and Wikimedia Kilimanjaro to strengthen their capacity in adopting the CampaignEvents extension tools, including Event Registration tool for their 2025-26 General Support Funds activities. In order to implement this support, I would need the event organizer right on Swahili Wikipedia. I have also communicated this to [[user:Jadnapac|Jadnapac]] who recommended I ask for the right here. '''[[Mtumiaji:EUwandu-WMF|EUwandu-WMF]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:EUwandu-WMF|majadiliano]])''' 17:19, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]], @[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] please gather here. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 18:17, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :I support granting the event organizer right to EUwandu-WMF. '''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' 20:17, 6 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == Toa maoni yako: pigia kura Bodi ya Wadhamini ya mwaka 2025 == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Habarini nyote, Kipindi cha upigaji kura cha [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|uchaguzi wa Bodi ya Wadhamini wa 2025]] sasa kimefunguliwa. Wagombea wanagombea viti 2 (viwili) kwenye Bodi. Ili kuangalia ustahiki wako wa mpiga kura, tafadhali tembelea [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|ukurasa wa ustahiki wa mpiga kura]]. Jifunze zaidi kuwahusu kwa [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|kusoma taarifa zao za maombi na kutazama video zao za ugombeaji]]. Ukiwa tayari, nenda kwenye ukurasa wa kupiga kura wa [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll kupiga kura]]. '''Upigaji kura utaanza tarehe 8 Oktoba saa 00:00 UTC hadi Oktoba 22 saa 23:59 UTC.''' Kila la kheri, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Mwenyekiti, Kamati ya Uchaguzi<section end="announcement-content" /> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 04:48, 9 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == Message from U4C == Dear Swahili community, (''Apologies for writing in English. A machine-translated version of this message is attached below for your convenience. In case of any discrepancies, please refer to the English version as the source.'') We have been made aware of the deletion of the article [[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]] and the subsequent block of @[[User:E.N. Emmanuel]] (who can appeal on their talk page).<br /> @[[User:Olimasy]], could you please briefly explain what was the reason, among those listed here [[Wikipedia:Kufuta_makala]], for the speedy deletion of that page? We would like to remind you all and the administrators of this project in particular that local admins are currently topic banned from LGBTQ related pages, and admin actions related to content and conduct moderation are delegated to Stewards and Global sysops. Any intervention concerning related content or users should be requested on Meta. You can read our motion here [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]]. This measure will remain in effect until the actions we have recommended for this project (listed here [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]] in the section U4C Actions) have been completed. If you need any help with these steps please do not hesitate to contact us. On behalf of the U4C, --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 17:51, 19 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (''Hii ni tafsiri ya kiotomatiki'')<br /> Ndugu waswahili,<br /> Tumefahamishwa kuhusu kufutwa kwa makala [[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]] na kizuizi kilichofuata cha @[[User:E.N. Emmanuel]] (anayeweza kukata rufaa kwenye ukurasa wao wa mazungumzo).<br /> @[[User:Olimasy]], tafadhali unaweza kueleza kwa ufupi sababu ilikuwa nini, miongoni mwa walioorodheshwa hapa [[Wikipedia:Kufuta_makala]], kwa kufutwa haraka kwa ukurasa huo? Tungependa kuwakumbusha nyote na wasimamizi wa mradi huu hasa kwamba wasimamizi wa ndani kwa sasa wamepigwa marufuku kutoka kwa kurasa zinazohusiana na LGBTQ, na vitendo vya wasimamizi vinavyohusiana na udhibiti wa maudhui na maadili hukabidhiwa kwa Steward na Global sysops. Uingiliaji kati wowote kuhusu maudhui yanayohusiana au watumiaji unapaswa kuombwa kwenye Meta. Unaweza kusoma hoja yetu hapa [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]]. Hatua hii itaendelea kutumika hadi hatua ambazo tumependekeza kwa mradi huu (zilizoorodheshwa hapa [[Wikipedia:Jumuiya#U4C_case_-_conclusion]] katika sehemu ya U4C Actions) zimekamilika. Ikiwa unahitaji msaada wowote kwa hatua hizi tafadhali usisite kuwasiliana nasi. Kwa niaba ya U4C, --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 17:51, 19 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] I’ve reviewed the deletion log, and the article has already been removed. Judging by the structure and grammar, it seems the contributor may not be fluent in Kiswahili—the article had significant linguistic and formatting issues. :While we appreciate efforts to represent diverse communities, it’s equally important that all articles meet the quality standards of Swahili Wikipedia. :In a constructive spirit, we can encourage the contributor to collaborate with others to improve the article before republishing. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 20:22, 19 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Contributor is banned and only option for him is new account. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 08:08, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Muddyb]] the first version of the article was created by the user and [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&logid=312781 deleted] on 1 October. After being pinged yesterday the user recreated the page ([https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&logid=315152 here]), it turned out that the user is a cross wiki abuser and the page was deleted by a Global Sysop who later [https://sw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maalum:Kumbukumbu&logid=315181 undeleted the page] because apparently it is a translation of enwiki. Nobody of us is able to understand if that content makes sense in Swahili or if it is an automatic translation, or meets speedy deletion criteria like you mentioned. Personally speaking U4C asked that articles about contentious topics should be based on reliable sources and that content does not meet that requirement. The user is global blocked so I do not foresee cooperation. If the content meets deletion criteria please use the delete template (I think it is this one {{tl|Futa}}?) and then request deletion on Meta (here: [[:m:Global_sysops/Requests]]). I understand that this is a little complicated but it is a temporary measure. Please do not hesitate to contact us for any help or suggestion about the recommended actions in our motion. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 09:03, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] I have informed the admin team again not to interfere directly with those kinds of articles instead we should inform Stewards to take the matter. Thanks. We will surely reach out in case of anything resurfaced. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:33, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[User:Muddyb]] many thanks, yes the right way is to inform Stewards or Global Sysops, your guidance is of course welcome (and needed) to overcome the language barrier. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Alternate version was correctly remade by TEMPORARY ACCOUNT and makes sense. Both "Emmanuel" accounts are ABUSERS, one locally blocked and other globally blocked. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 09:18, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :@[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] Share the recreated article that makes sense, please! [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:34, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Recreated article with sense is here: [[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]]. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 09:45, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) Se non fossi impedito, metterei il template <nowiki>{{tafsiri kompyuta}}</nowiki> perché è una traduzione orripilante. Pace a te, Civvì! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 10:05, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) :If there is consensus on deletion due to low quality please request the deletion on Meta (explaining the reasons). For sure the goal of our requests is not to lower your quality standards. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Civvì|majadiliano]])''' 11:05, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::@[[Mtumiaji:Civvì|Civvì]] na @[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] The recreated article is another trash in the block. I will write global sysop to delete it. [[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 12:03, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::Do not forget REDIRECTS and TALKS when deleting. '''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 12:01, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::Four instances to delete: ::[[Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]], [[Majadiliano:Historia ya ubadilishaji jinsia]] ::[[Historia ya Ubadilishaji jinsia]], [[Majadiliano:Historia ya Ubadilishaji jinsia]] ::'''[[Mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|Mumba Chilekwa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Mumba Chilekwa|majadiliano]])''' 12:08, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) ::"The recreated article is another trash in the block." FOUR INSTANCES. '''[[Mtumiaji:Soggo Ionno|Soggo Ionno]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Soggo Ionno|majadiliano]])''' 12:15, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == Kutafuta watu wa kujitolea kujiunga na kamati kadhaa za harakati. == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Kila mwaka, kwa kawaida kuanzia Oktoba hadi Desemba, kamati kadhaa za harakati hutafuta watu wapya wa kujitolea. Soma zaidi kuhusu kamati hizo kwenye kurasa zao za Meta-wiki: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Kamati ya Ushirikiano (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Tume ya Wachunguzi Maalum (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Kamati ya Mapitio ya kesi (CRC)]] Maombi ya kamati hizo yatafunguliwa tarehe 30 Oktoba 2025. Maombi ya Kamati ya Ushirikiano, tume ya Wachunguzi Maalum na Kamati ya Mapitio ya Kesi yatafungwa tarehe 11 Desemba 2025. Jifunze namna ya kutuma maombi kwa [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments| kutembelea ukurasa wa uteuzi kwenye Meta-Wiki]].Tuma kwenye ukurasa wa majadiliano au barua pepe cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org na maswali yoyote ambayo unaweza kuwa nayo. Kwa timu ya Msaada ya Kamati, <section end="announcement-content" /> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:13, 30 Oktoba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == Will you help us test an updated Databox? == ''Apologies for posting in English - you can help by translating it'' Hello everyone, recently an update has been made to the [[w:sw:Module:Databox|Module:Databox]] / [[w:sw:Template:Databox|Template:Databox]] page with the following changes: * A Wikidata logo and link to the connected Wikidata Item * New parameters <code>useImage=</code> and <code>excludeProperties=</code> can be invoked in the source code to give a greater degree of control on what the Databox displays. ** '''<code>useImage=</code>''' choose a different [[d:Property:P18|image(P18)]] to display in the Databox.<br> Example: <nowiki>{{Databox|useImage=Hubble_Ultra_Deep_Field_part d.jpg}}</nowiki><br><br> ** '''<code>excludeParameters=</code>''' hides selected Properties (and values) in from displaying in the current Databox.<br>Example: <nowiki>{{Databox|excludeProperties=P1290,P66}}</nowiki> * The parameters can be combined, separated by a pipe |:<br><code><nowiki>{{</nowiki></code><code>Databox|'''useImage='''image_file.jpg|'''excludeProperties='''P123}}</code> === How can you help? === Please help us by playing with the new features, adding Databoxes to Articles and using the new parameters (if it is good for the article). Mostly we just want to collect feedback on whether this is a positive change, is useful, interrupts your editing workflows and / or causes any issues or bugs. Only the first change (Wikidata Logo+Link) will automatically apply to existing Databoxes (may take upto 30 days from this post) or after any edit to a page with a Databox (including null-edits). The two Parameters will only show if the <nowiki>{{Databox}}</nowiki> wikitext is edited with the new parameter code.<br>[[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox#Changes_to_Databox|Find instructions to do that here]].<br> Any questions, please feel free to reply here or add them to the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Databox|Talk page]].<br> Thank you, - '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 14:41, 6 Novemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=29580122 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Novemba 2025 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Januari 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 13:21, 18 Januari 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == Mapitio ya kila mwaka ya Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Nidhamu na Miongozo ya Utekelezaji == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Ninakuandikia ili kukujulisha kuwa muda wa upitiaji wa kila mwaka wa Kanuni za Maadili na Miongozo ya Utekelezaji umefunguliwa sasa. Unaweza kutoa mapendekezo ya mabadiliko hadi tarehe 9 Februari 2026. Hii ni hatua ya kwanza kati ya kadhaa itakayochukuliwa kwa upitiaji wa kila mwaka. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Soma maelezo zaidi na utafute mazungumzo ya kujiunga kwenye ukurasa wa UCoC kwenye Meta]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Kamati ya Kuratibu Mwongozo wa Kimataifa wa Mwenendo na Nidhamu]] (U4C) ni kundi la kimataifa linalojitolea kutoa utekelezaji sawa na thabiti wa UCoC. Tathmini hii ya kila mwaka ilipangwa na kutekelezwa na U4C. Kwa maelezo zaidi na majukumu ya U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|unaweza kukagua Mkataba wa U4C]]. Tafadhali washirikishe habari hii washiriki wengine katika jumuiya yako popote inapohitajika. -- Kwa ushirikiano na U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:Mazungumzo ya mtumiaji:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> 21:02, 19 Januari 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 17:11, 3 Aprili 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 00:58, 26 Aprili 2026 (UTC) </bdi> (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == Ombi la kuwezesha VisualEditor kwenye kurasa za mradi (Wikipedia Namespace) == Ndugu wanajumuia, Katika kuratibu na kuendesha miradi na kampeni mbalimbali za jamii yetu hapa Swahili Wikipedia (kama vile mashindano, warsha, dashboards, na kurasa za mradi kama `Wikipedia:Mradi wa...`), tumekuwa tukikumbana na changamoto ya kiufundi. Kwa sasa, mfumo wa usarifu wa picha (VisualEditor) haufanyi kazi kwenye maeneo haya ya kurasa za miradi (Project namespace), jambo linalotulazimu kutumia mfumo mgumu wa "Source Editor" (Wiki markup) hata kwa mambo madogo kama kutengeneza majedwali au muundo wa kurasa. Ili kurahisisha kazi kwa waratibu na wahariri wanaotengeneza kurasa hizi za kampeni, nimefungua tiketi kule Phabricator kuomba wataalamu wa Wikimedia Foundation watuwezeshe kutumia VisualEditor kwenye Project namespace ya swwiki. Wataalamu wa Phabricator wametujibu kuwa tayari wako tayari kufanya mabadiliko hayo, lakini kwa sheria za kiutaratibu, wanahitaji kuona Maridhiano ya Jumuia (Community Consensus) hapa uwanjani kwetu kwanza kabla hawajawasha mfumo huo. Wanatutanabahisha pia kuwa VisualEditor haikutengenezwa maalum kwa ajili ya kurasa za majadiliano, hivyo kunaweza kuwa na changamoto ndogo za mpangilio (kama indentations) tukiiitumia kwenye majadiliano ya miradi, jambo ambalo tunaona halitazuia ufanisi wa kazi kubwa ya kuratibu kurasa zenyewe za miradi. Tafadhali naomba kura zenu za Kuunga Mkono (Support) au maoni yenu hapa chini ili tukishapata ridhaa ya pamoja, nipeleke link ya mjadala huu Phabricator na mabadiliko haya yafanyike mara moja. Unaweza kuona tiketi hiyo Phabricator hapa: [[phab:T427117|⚓ T427117 Enable VisualEditor in the Project namespace for Swahili Wikipedia (swwiki)]] Pamoja tunajenga Wikipedia yetu! {{Strong support}}--[[User:Muddyb|<font color="blue">_'''Muddyb'''</font>]]<font face="Verdana">[[User talk:Muddyb|<font color="gray">^'''Longa'''</font>]]</font> 09:07, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:CaliBen|CaliBen]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:CaliBen|majadiliano]])''' 09:26, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}-- '''[[Mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|Husseyn Issa]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Husseyn Issa|majadiliano]])''' 10:58, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) {{strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|Said Mfaume]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Said Mfaume|majadiliano]])''' 14:16, 24 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:ChriKo|ChriKo]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:ChriKo|majadiliano]])''' </br>{{Strong support}}-- '''[[Mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|Czeus25 Masele]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Czeus25 Masele|majadiliano]])''' 04:41, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}-- '''[[Mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|Hussein m mmbaga]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Hussein m mmbaga|majadiliano]])''' 07:38, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--'''[[Mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|Justine Msechu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Justine Msechu|majadiliano]])''' </br>{{Strong support}}--'''--'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 09:18, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC)''' </br>{{Strong support}}-- [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 18:06, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) </br>{{Strong support}}--- '''[[Mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|Anuary Rajabu]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Anuary Rajabu|majadiliano]])''' 19:14, 25 Mei 2026 (UTC) == Piga kura sasa katika uchaguzi wa 2026 U4C == <section begin="announcement-content" /> Wapigakura walaotimiza vigezo na masharti ya kupiga kura wanaombwa kushiriki katika uchaguzi wa 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Kamati ya Kuratibu Kanuni na mwongozo wa Maadili kwa wote]]. 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'''Tafadhali shiriki habari hii na jumuia yako.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 12:58, 15 Septemba 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=30513874 --> == Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges == ''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)'' Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.<br/> We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader). We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.<br/> Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis. [[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of "Language Link" edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]] The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why? Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]] Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 15:16, 22 Septemba 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&oldid=31067455 --> == Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist == ''(Apologies for cross-posting in English, translating it will help spread the message)'' Earlier last month, all Wikis were contacted for feedback on our proposal to remove language link changes, this change has already been deployed to Wikisource, Wikibooks, Wikivoyage, Wikiquote, Wikiversity and Wiktionary. 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Please reach out if you have any questions, or if your wiki would like to opt-out, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]]) sent via '''[[Mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:MediaWiki message delivery|majadiliano]])''' 09:29, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) (This message was sent to [[:Wikipedia:Jumuia]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=31142775 --> bq94dbq40juxz4bpcyb91rbshwbuhu8 0 1191 1606359 1603035 2026-10-08T19:29:41Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jedwali la nchi | jina_rasmi = Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania | lugha_rasmi = {{hlist |[[Kiswahili]]|[[Kiingereza]]}} | kaulimbiu = "Uhuru na Umoja" | wimbo = "[[Mungu ibariki Afrika]]"<br>[[File:Tanzanian national anthem, performed by the United States Navy Band.oga]] | mji_mkubwa = [[Dar es Salaam]] | mji_mkuu = [[Dodoma]] | latd = 6 | latm = 11 | latNS = S | longd = 35 | longm = 44 | longEW = E | serikali = [[Jamhuri]] | vyeo_viongozi = | muundo_uhuru = '''Uhuru''' kutoka [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | eneo_jumla = 947 303<ref name="worldfactbook">{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Tanzania|access-date=30 Machi 2024|year=2023}}</ref> | maji = 6.4<ref name="worldfactbook"/> | watu_kadirio = 65 642 682<ref name="worldfactbook"/> | sensa = 2022 | watu_sensa = 61 741 120<ref name="sensa22"/> | pato = {{ongezeko}} USD bilioni 85.98<ref name="IMFWEO.TZ">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/profile/TZA|title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2025 Edition. (Tanzania) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |date=22 Aprili 2025 |access-date=22 Aprili 2025}}</ref> | mwaka_pato = 2025 | pato_kwa_mtu = {{ongezeko}} USD 1,280<ref name="IMFWEO.TZ" /> | pato_halisi = {{ongezeko}} USD bilioni 293.59<ref name="IMFWEO.TZ" /> | pato_halisi_kwa_mtu = {{ongezeko}} USD 4,370<ref name="IMFWEO.TZ" /> | mwaka_maendeleo = 2022 | maendeleo = {{ongezeko}} 0.555<ref name="HDI">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/specific-country-data#/countries/TZA|language=en|publisher=[[Mradi wa Maendeleo wa Umoja wa Mataifa]]|date=13 Machi 2024|access-date=22 Machi 2023|archive-date=22 Machi 2025}}</ref> (ya 165)</br> {{kati}} | fedha = [[Shilingi ya Tanzania]] | majira_saa = +3<br>([[Saa za Afrika Mashariki|Afrika Mashariki]]) | utaifa = Mtanzania | udereva = Kushoto | iso3166 = [[ISO 3166-2:TZ|TZ]] | tld = [[.tz]] | tukio1 = [[Tanganyika]] | tukio2 = [[Zanzibar]] | tukio3 = Muungano | tukio4 = Katiba ya sasa | tukio1_tarehe = 9 Desemba 1961 | tukio2_tarehe = 10 Desemba 1963 | tukio3_tarehe = 26 Aprili 1964 | tukio4_tarehe = 25 Aprili 1977 | jina_kawaida = Tanzania | matini_nembo = Nembo ya Tanzania | matini_bendera = Bendera ya Tanzania | dini = 63.1% [[Wakristo]]<br>34.1% [[Waislamu]]<br>1.50% [[Wasio na dini]]<br>1.20% [[Dini asilia za Kiafrika|Dini asilia]]<br>0.1% wengine | msimbo_simu = [[Namba za simu Tanzania|255]] | maelezo_ramani = Mahali pa Tanzania katika Afrika ya Mashariki | maelezo_ramani2 = Ramani ya Tanzania | matini_ramani = Mahali pa Tanzania katika Afrika ya Mashariki | matini_ramani2 = Ramani ya Tanzania | jina_asili = | bendera =Flag of Tanzania.svg | nembo = Coat of arms of Tanzania.svg | ramani = File:Tanzania_(orthographic_projection).svg | ramani2 = File:Tanzania map-sw.svg | muundo_tarehe = siku/mwezi/mwaka | idadi_makabila = Kupita [[Orodha ya makabila ya Tanzania|makabila 125]] | ukubwa_ramani2 = 250 | latd2 = 6 | latm2 = 48 | latNS2 = S | longd2 = 39 | longm2 = 17 | longEW2 = E | lugha_taifa = [[Kiswahili]] | mwaka_kadirio = 2023 | cheo_watu = 23 | cheo_kiongozi1 = [[Orodha ya Marais wa Tanzania|Rais]] | cheo_kiongozi2 = [[Orodha ya Makamu wa Rais Tanzania|Makamu wa Rais]] | cheo_kiongozi3 = [[Orodha ya Mawaziri Wakuu wa Tanzania|Waziri Mkuu]] | cheo_kiongozi4 = [[Orodha ya Maspika wa Bunge la Tanzania|Spika]] | cheo_kiongozi5 = Jaji Mkuu | kiongozi1 = [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] | kiongozi2 = [[Deogratius Ndejembi]] | kiongozi3 = [[Mwigulu Nchemba]] | kiongozi4 = [[Tulia Ackson]] | kiongozi5 = [[George Mcheche Masaju]] }} '''Tanzania''', rasmi '''Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania''', ni nchi iliyoko [[Afrika Mashariki]] ndani ya [[Nchi za Maziwa Makuu|eneo la Maziwa Makuu ya Afrika]] na kando ya pwani ya [[Bahari ya Hindi]]. <ref name="Britannica_Tanzania">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Tanzania |author=Gary P. Gillum |title=Tanzania |website=Britannica |date=Machi 11, 2026 |access-date=Mei 31, 2026 }}</ref> Inapakana na [[Kenya]] na [[Uganda]] kaskazini, [[Rwanda]], [[Burundi]], na [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] magharibi, na [[Zambia]], [[Malawi]], na [[Msumbiji]] kusini. <ref name="WFB_Tanzania">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/#geography |title=Tanzania - World Factbook: Geography |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=Aprili 2026 |access-date=Mei 31, 2026 |archive-date=2021-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/#geography |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kufikia mwaka 2024, inakadiriwa kuwa na idadi ya watu takriban milioni 67 <ref name="sensa22">{{Cite report|title=Sensa ya Watu na Makazi ya Mwaka 2022: Matokeo ya Mwanzo|author=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu – Tanzania|date=Oktoba 2022|url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/uploads/statistics/documents/sw-1705484563-matokeomwanzooktoba2022.pdf}}</ref>. , ikiwa [[Orodha ya nchi kulingana na idadi ya watu|nchi ya 20 duniani]] na ya 5 [[Afrika]] kwa idadi ya watu. [[Mji mkuu]] ni Dodoma, huku [[Dar es Salaam]] ukiwa mji wake mkubwa na kituo kikuu cha kiuchumi. <ref name="WFB_Tanzania"/> Nchi hii imegawanywa katika mikoa 31 ya kiutawala, na lugha rasmi ni Kiswahili na Kiingereza. <ref name="Britannica_Tanzania"/> Mabaki mengi muhimu ya [[zamadamu]] yaligunduliwa nchini Tanzania.<ref name="Britannica_Tanzania"/> Katika [[zama za Mawe]] na [[Zama za Shaba|Shaba]], kulikuwa na [[Uhamiaji wa binadamu|uhamaji]] wa kihistoria kutoka kaskazini kuingia Tanzania wa wazungumzaji wa [[Kikushi|Kikushi cha Kusini]] waliokuwa na sifa kama za [[Wairaqw]] wa leo, waliotoka [[Ethiopia]] ya leo; pia kulikuwepo na watu wa Kikushi cha Mashariki waliotoka kaskazini mwa [[Ziwa Turkana]] kati ya miaka 2,000 hadi 4,000 iliyopita; pamoja na [[Waniloti]] wa Kusini kama [[Wadatooga]], waliotokea katika mpaka wa [[Sudan Kusini]] na Ethiopia takribani miaka 2,900 hadi 2,400 iliyopita. Uhamiaji huo ulifanana kwa wakati na ujio wa [[Wabantu]] wa Mashariki kutoka [[Afrika Magharibi]] waliotua katika maeneo ya [[Ziwa Viktoria]] na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]].<ref name="Tanzania_Antiquities">{{cite web |url=http://www.mnrt.go.tz/ |title=Antiquities and Human Origins in Tanzania |website=mnrt.go.tz |publisher=Wizara ya Maliasili na Utalii |date=2024 |access-date=Mei 30, 2026 |archive-date=2023-06-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609010517/http://www.mnrt.go.tz/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Katika [[karne ya 19]], Tanzania bara ilikuwa chini ya [[utawala]] wa [[Ujerumani|Wajerumani]] kama sehemu ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]], na baada ya [[Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia]], [[Waingereza]] walichukua [[mamlaka]] kwa jina la [[Tanganyika]], huku [[Visiwa vya Zanzibar]] vikisalia katika usimamizi tofauti wa kikoloni.<ref name="BBC_Tanzania_Profile">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14095776 |title=Tanzania country profile |website=BBC News |date=2025 |access-date=Mei 30, 2026 }}</ref> Baada ya kupata [[uhuru]] mwaka [[1961]] (Tanganyika) na [[1963]] (Zanzibar), nchi hizo mbili ziliungana mwaka [[1964]] na kuunda [[Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania]]. Tanganyika iliingia katika [[Jumuiya ya Madola]] na Tanzania kwa sasa ni mwanachama wa jumuiya hiyo kama [[taifa]] moja.<ref name="Commonwealth_Tanzania">{{cite web |url=https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/tanzania |title=Tanzania - Member State Profile |website=thecommonwealth.org |publisher=The Commonwealth |date=2024 |access-date=Mei 30, 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Leo, [[katiba|kikatiba]] Tanzania ni [[jamhuri]] ya [[Rais|urais]] inayofuata [[mfumo wa vyama vingi]] lakini imekuwa chini ya [[Mfumo wa chama kimoja|chama kimoja]] kikuu ambacho kimeshikilia [[madaraka]] moja kwa moja tangu uhuru ingawa jina lake lilibadilika kutoka [[Tanganyika African National Union]] hadi [[Chama cha Mapinduzi]] mwaka [[1977]].<ref name="WFB_Tanzania_Gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/#government |title=Tanzania - World Factbook: Government and Politics |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=Aprili 2026 |access-date=Mei 30, 2026 |archive-date=2021-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/#government |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tanzania haijawahi kupitia machafuko makubwa ya ndani tangu uhuru, na inahesabiwa kuwa miongoni mwa nchi salama na tulivu zaidi kisiasa barani [[Afrika]].<ref name="BBC_Tanzania_Profile"/> Idadi ya watu wa Tanzania inajumuisha [[makabila]], [[lugha]], na [[dini]] zaidi ya 120. [[Ukristo]] ndio [[dini]] yenye wafuasi wengi, ikifuatwa na [[Uislamu]] na [[dini za jadi]].<ref name="WFB_Tanzania_People">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/#people-and-society |title=Tanzania - World Factbook: People and Society |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=Aprili 2026 |access-date=Mei 30, 2026 |archive-date=2021-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/#people-and-society |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tanzania ndiyo nchi yenye tofauti kubwa zaidi za lugha Afrika ya Mashariki. Ingawa hakuna [[lugha rasmi]] kisheria, [[Kiswahili]] hutumika kama [[lugha ya taifa]], na [[Kiingereza]] hutumika katika biashara za kimataifa, [[diplomasia]], [[mahakama]] za juu, na [[elimu]] ya [[Elimu ya sekondari|sekondari]] na [[elimu ya juu|ya juu]]. [[Kiarabu]] huzungumzwa pia visiwani Zanzibar.<ref name="Britannica_Tanzania"/> [[Jiografia|Kijiografia]], Tanzania ina [[milima]] na [[misitu]] mingi kaskazini-mashariki, ikiwemo [[Mlima Kilimanjaro]], mlima mrefu zaidi Afrika na mlima pekee wa kujitegemea kwa [[kimo]] [[Dunia|duniani]].<ref name="UNESCO_Kilimanjaro">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/403 |title=Kilimanjaro National Park |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=Mei 30, 2026 }}</ref> [[Maziwa Makuu ya Afrika]] yote matatu yanapatikana kwa sehemu ndani ya Tanzania: [[Ziwa Viktoria]] ([[ziwa]] kubwa zaidi Afrika), [[Ziwa Tanganyika]] (ziwa lenye [[kina]] kirefu zaidi na [[samaki]] wa pekee), na [[Ziwa Nyasa]] upande wa kusini. Ukanda wa pwani una joto na unyevunyevu, na Visiwa vya Zanzibar vipo karibu na mwambao. [[Eneo la Hifadhi ya Menai Bay]] ni eneo kubwa zaidi la hifadhi ya baharini Zanzibar. [[Maporomoko ya Kalambo]] yaliyoko mpakani na Zambia ndiyo maporomoko ya pili kwa urefu barani Afrika. Tanzania ni moja ya nchi maarufu duniani kwa [[safari]] za [[utalii]].<ref name="WFB_Tanzania_Geo">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/#geography |title=Tanzania - World Factbook: Geography |website=cia.gov |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |date=Aprili 2026 |access-date=Mei 30, 2026 |archive-date=2021-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109103650/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/tanzania/#geography |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Jina== [[Jina]] "Tanzania" liliundwa kama mkusanyiko wa majina ya maeneo mawili yaliyoungana kuunda nchi: [[Tanganyika]] na [[Zanzibar (Jiji)|Zanzibar]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=tanzania {{!}} Etymology, origin and meaning of the name tanzania by etymonline|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/tanzania|work=www.etymonline.com|accessdate=2022-06-16|language=en}}</ref> Jina lilipatikana kwa mashindano yaliyotangazwa mwaka 1964 na serikali kutafuta jina fupi zaidi kuliko "Jamhuri ya Tanganyika na Zanzibar". Mshindi alikuwa mwenyeji wa Dar es Salaam aliyeitwa [[Mohamed Iqbal Dar]] ([[1944]] - [[2025]]) <ref>https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/habari/kitaifa/aliyebuni-jina-tanzania-afariki-dunia-4950694</ref>. Alipendekeza kuunganisha [[herufi]] tatu za kwanza za [[Tanganyika|TANganyika]] na [[Zanzibar|ZANzibar]] akafikia "Tanzan". Hakuridhika bado, akaona nchi nyingi za Afrika zina majina yanayoishia na "ia" akaongeza herufi hizi. Mwenyewe alieleza baadaye chaguo lake kwamba aliamua kutumia "I" ya jina lake Iqbal na "A" ya jina la madhehebu yake aliyoyafuata katika Uislamu ya [[Ahmadiyya]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://globalpublishers.co.tz/mohammed-iqbal-dar-mbunifu-wa-jina-la-tanzania/|title=Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mbunifu wa jina la Tanzania|date=2016-03-07|work=Global Publishers|accessdate=2019-04-28}}</ref> Jina "Tanganyika" linatokana na maneno ya [[Kiswahili]] "tanga" na "nyika", yakiunda msemo "tanga nyikani". Wakati fulani inaelezwa kama marejeleo ya Ziwa Tanganyika. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Loading...|url=http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/gaz-af.html|work=home.frognet.net|accessdate=2022-06-16}}</ref> Jina la Zanzibar linatokana na "[[zenji]]", jina la watu wa eneo hilo (inadaiwa lina maana ya "nyeusi"), na neno la Kiarabu "barr", ambalo linamaanisha pwani au ufukwe.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=zanzibar {{!}} Etymology, origin and meaning of the name zanzibar by etymonline|url=https://www.etymonline.com/word/zanzibar|work=www.etymonline.com|accessdate=2022-06-16|language=en}}</ref> == Historia == {{main|Historia ya Tanzania|Historia ya Zanzibar}} {{Kwa|historia ya maeneo ya Tanzania kabla ya 1964|Tanganyika (nchi)|Zanzibar|Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani}} [[File:The National Archives UK - CO 1069-166-21.jpg|thumb|Julius Nyerere akidai Uhuru Kamili kutoka kwa Uingereza.]] [[Historia ya Tanzania]] inawakilisha historia ya eneo ambalo leo linaunda Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, ikijumuisha Tanganyika Bara na [[visiwa vya Zanzibar]]. Ugunduzi wa [[akiolojia]] katika [[Bonde la Oltupai]] na maeneo mengine unaonyesha kuwa eneo hili limekuwa na makazi ya binadamu tangu nyakati za kale sana na lina baadhi ya ushahidi muhimu zaidi kuhusu mageuzi ya awali ya binadamu. <ref name="Olduvai">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Olduvai-Gorge |title=Olduvai Gorge: Archaeological Site, Tanzania |website=Britannica |date=April 24, 2026 |access-date=May 30, 2026 }}</ref> Kwa karne nyingi, eneo hili lilikaliwa na jamii mbalimbali, zikiwemo jamii zinazozungumza [[lugha za Kibantu]], huku maeneo ya pwani yakijumuishwa katika mitandao ya biashara ya [[Bahari ya Hindi]] iliyounganisha [[Afrika Mashariki]] na [[Uarabuni]], [[Uajemi]], [[Uhindi]], na baadaye [[China]]. <ref name="Swahili_Coast">{{cite web |url=https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/swahili-coast/ |title=The Swahili Coast |website=nationalgeographic.org |publisher=National Geographic Society |date=2024 |access-date=May 30, 2026 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Kuanzia kipindi cha kati cha historia, [[Miji-dola ya Waswahili|miji kadhaa ya Waswahili]] ilistawi kando ya pwani, ikiwemo [[Kilwa]], ambayo ilikuja kuwa kitovu muhimu cha biashara na utamaduni. <ref name="Kilwa">{{cite web |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/144 |title=Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara |website=unesco.org |publisher=UNESCO |date=2024 |access-date=May 30, 2026 }}</ref> Ushawishi wa [[Wareno]] ulijitokeza katika sehemu za pwani katika [[karne ya 16]], lakini baadaye ukachukuliwa na [[Waarabu]] wa [[Omani]], hasa [[Zanzibar]]. Katika [[karne ya 19]], Zanzibar iliibuka kama kituo muhimu cha biashara, huku upanuzi wa ukoloni wa [[Ulaya]] ukiongezeka katika maeneo ya bara. Kufikia mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 19]], sehemu kubwa ya Tanzania Bara ilikuwa imekuwa sehemu ya [[Afrika ya Mashariki ya Kijerumani]]. <ref name="German_East_Africa">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/German-East-Africa |title=German East Africa: Historical Colony, Africa |website=Britannica |date=2024 |access-date=May 30, 2026 }}</ref> Baada ya [[Ujerumani]] kushindwa katika [[Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia]], [[Tanganyika]] iliwekwa chini ya utawala wa [[Uingereza]] kama eneo la mamlaka ya Ligi ya Mataifa na baadaye eneo la udhamini la [[Umoja wa Mataifa]]. Harakati za uzalendo ziliongezeka baada ya [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], zikiongozwa hasa na [[Julius Nyerere]] na Chama cha [[Tanganyika African National Union]] (TANU). <ref name="TANU">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tanganyika-African-National-Union |title=Tanganyika African National Union |website=Britannica |date=2024 |access-date=May 30, 2026 }}</ref> Tanganyika ilipata uhuru kutoka kwa [[Uingereza]] tarehe 9 Desemba 1961 na kuwa jamhuri mwaka 1962, huku Nyerere akiwa rais wake wa kwanza. <ref name="Tanganyika_Independence">{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-14095776 |title=Tanzania country profile - Timeline |website=BBC News |date=2025 |access-date=May 30, 2026 }}</ref> [[Zanzibar]], mapinduzi yaliyotokea Januari 1964 yaliuangusha utawala wa Kisultani uliotawaliwa na [[Waarabu]] na kusababisha kuundwa kwa serikali mpya. <ref name="Zanzibar_Revolution">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Zanzibar/History |title=Zanzibar: History of the Archipelago |website=Britannica |date=April 15, 2026 |access-date=May 30, 2026 }}</ref> Baadaye mwaka huo, Tanganyika na Zanzibar ziliungana na kuunda Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania tarehe 26 Aprili 1964. Chini ya uongozi wa Nyerere, Tanzania ilifuata sera za [[ujamaa]] wa Kiafrika zilizojulikana kama Ujamaa, kabla ya mageuzi ya kiuchumi na kufunguliwa kwa mfumo wa kisiasa kuanzishwa mwishoni mwa [[karne ya 20]]. <ref name="Ujamaa">{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Julius-Nyerere |author=Donald Innis Ray |title=Julius Nyerere: President of Tanzania |website=Britannica |date=October 10, 2025 |access-date=May 30, 2026 }}</ref> Tangu wakati huo, Tanzania imeendelea kuwa jamhuri huru na mwanachama muhimu wa mashirika ya kikanda kama [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] (EAC) na [[Umoja wa Afrika]] (AU). <ref name="WFB_Tanzania"/> ==Jiografia== {{main|Jiografia ya Tanzania|Maziwa ya Tanzania|Mito ya Tanzania|Orodha ya milima ya Tanzania|Funguvisiwa la Zanzibar}} Ikiwa na eneo la kilomita za mraba 947,303 (365,756 sq mi), Tanzania ni nchi ya 13 kwa ukubwa barani Afrika na ya 31 kwa ukubwa duniani.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The World Factbook|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html|work=web.archive.org|date=2014-02-09|accessdate=2022-06-15|archivedate=2014-02-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209041128/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2147rank.html}}</ref> Inapakana na Kenya na Uganda upande wa kaskazini; Rwanda, Burundi, na Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo upande wa magharibi; na Zambia, Malawi, na Msumbiji upande wa kusini. [[File:Olduvai stone chopping tool (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|right|Zana ya kukatia mawe yenye umri wa miaka milioni 1.8 iligunduliwa huko [[Olduvai Gorge]] na kuonyeshwa kwenye [[British Museum]].]] Tanzania iko kwenye pwani ya mashariki ya Afrika na ina ufuo wa [[Bahari ya Hindi]] takriban kilomita 424 (885 mi).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Review of the state of world marine capture fisheries management: Indian Ocean.|url=https://www.fao.org/3/a0477e/a0477e13.htm|work=www.fao.org|accessdate=2022-06-15}}</ref> Pia inajumuisha visiwa kadhaa vya pwani, vikiwemo [[Unguja]] (Zanzibar), [[Pemba (kisiwa)|Pemba]], na [[Kisiwa cha Mafia|Mafia]]. Tanzania ni nchi yenye sehemu za juu na za chini kabisa barani Afrika: [[Mlima Kilimanjaro]], wenye urefu wa mita 5,895 (futi 19,341) juu ya usawa wa bahari, na kina cha [[Ziwa Tanganyika]], katika mita 1,471 (futi 4,826) chini ya usawa wa bahari kwa mtiririko huo. [[File:Wildebeest Migration in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania.jpg|thumb|upright=1.05|Uhamaji wa Nyumbu [[Serengeti]]]] Tanzania ina milima na misitu minene kaskazini-mashariki, ambako kuna Mlima Kilimanjaro. Nchi iko katika eneo la [[Maziwa makubwa ya Afrika]], hivyo [[Ziwa|maziwa]] yanafunika km² 61,500, yaani 6% za eneo lote la nchi. Upande wa kaskazini na magharibi kuna [[Ziwa Viktoria|Ziwa Victoria]], ziwa kubwa zaidi barani Afrika, na [[Ziwa Tanganyika]], ziwa lenye kina kirefu zaidi barani humo, linalojulikana kwa aina yake ya kipekee ya samaki. Upande wa kusini magharibi kuna [[Nyasa (ziwa)|Ziwa Nyasa]]. Eneo la katikati mwa Tanzania ni uwanda mkubwa, wenye tambarare na ardhi ya kilimo. Ukanda wa mashariki una joto na unyevunyevu, huku Visiwa vya Zanzibar vikiwa karibu. Maporomoko ya maji ya [[Mto Kalambo|Kalambo]] katika mkoa wa kusini-magharibi mwa [[Rukwa]] ni maporomoko ya pili kwa urefu barani Afrika, na yanapatikana karibu na ufuo wa kusini-mashariki wa Ziwa Tanganyika kwenye mpaka na Zambia. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Kalambo Falls {{!}} waterfall, East Africa {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kalambo-Falls|work=www.britannica.com|accessdate=2022-06-15|language=en}}</ref> Eneo la [[Hifadhi ya Menai Bay]] visiwani Zanzibar ndilo eneo kubwa zaidi la bahari lililohifadhiwa. ===Hali ya hewa=== {{Main|Tabia ya nchi Tanzania}} [[File:Koppen-Geiger Map TZA present.svg|thumb|upright=1.75|Ramani ya Tanzania ya uainishaji wa hali ya hewa Köppen]] Hali ya hewa inatofautiana sana ndani ya Tanzania. Katika nyanda za juu, halijoto huanzia 10 hadi 20 °C (50 na 68 °F) wakati wa msimu wa baridi na joto kwa mtiririko huo. {{multiple image |align = right |direction = horizontal |image1 = Elephant and Kilimanjaro.jpg |caption1 = Tembo akipita karibu na [[Mlima Kilimanjaro]] |width1 = 180 |image2 = Ngorongoro Crater.jpg |caption2 = [[Hifadhi ya Ngorongoro]] |width2 = 160 |header_align = centre }} Tanzania hupata [[majira ya joto]] katika [[Mwezi (wakati)|miezi]] ya [[Desemba]], [[Januari]] na [[Februari]] (25–31 °C au 77.0–87.8 °F) huku kipindi cha baridi zaidi kikitokea kati ya [[Mei]] na [[Agosti]] (15–20 °C au 59–68 °F). Halijoto ya kila mwaka ni 20 °C (68.0 °F). Hali ya hewa ni baridi katika maeneo ya milima mirefu. Tanzania ina vipindi viwili vikuu vya mvua: mvua za [[vuli]] hunyesha katika miezi ya [[Oktoba]], [[Novemba]] na [[Desemba]] na mvua za [[masika]] hunyesha katika miezi ya [[Machi]], [[Aprili]] na [[Mei]] ingawa zipo tofauti ndogo kati ya sehemu mbalimbali.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/1075513535|title=Rainfall variability in Northern Tanzania in the March-May season (long rains) and its links to large-scale climate forcing.|last=Zorita|first=Eduardo|last2=Tilya|first2=Faustine|date=2002|oclc=1075513535}}</ref> Kiasi cha mvua na halijoto husababisha tofauti za aina ya [[uoto wa asili]], [[udongo]] na aina ya [[mazao]] yanayolimwa. Mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa nchini Tanzania yanasababisha kuongezeka kwa joto na uwezekano mkubwa wa matukio ya mvua kubwa (kusababisha mafuriko) na vipindi vya ukame.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania|url=https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania|work=www.climatelinks.org|accessdate=2022-06-16|language=en|archive-date=2022-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614161023/https://www.climatelinks.org/countries/tanzania|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Future Climate for Africa|year=2017|title=Future Climate Projections for Tanzania|url=https://futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf|website=Future Climate for Africa|accessdate=2022-06-16|archive-date=2022-02-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209143534/https://www.futureclimateafrica.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/fcfa_tanzania_climatebrief_web.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa tayari yanaathiri sekta za kilimo, rasilimali za maji, afya na nishati nchini Tanzania. Kupanda kwa kina cha bahari na mabadiliko ya ubora wa maji kunatarajiwa kuathiri uvuvi na ufugaji wa samaki.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania {{!}} UNDP Climate Change Adaptation|url=https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania|work=www.adaptation-undp.org|accessdate=2022-06-16|language=en|archivedate=2022-04-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416075500/https://www.adaptation-undp.org/explore/eastern-africa/united-republic-tanzania}}</ref>[[File:Mannetjes masaigiraffe in de Serengeti, Tanzania, -12 januari 2013 a.jpg|thumb|Twiga Masai ni mnyama wa taifa la Tanzania]] Tanzania ilitoa [[Mpango wa Kitaifa wa Kukabiliana na Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi]] (NAPAs) mwaka 2007 kama ilivyoagizwa na [[Mkataba wa Umoja wa Mataifa wa Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi]]. Mwaka 2012, Tanzania ilitoa Mkakati wa Kitaifa wa Mabadiliko ya Tabianchi ili kukabiliana na wasiwasi unaoongezeka wa athari mbaya za mabadiliko ya tabianchi katika mazingira ya kijamii na kiuchumi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania: National climate change strategy - National Policy, Plans & Statements - PreventionWeb.net|url=https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0|work=web.archive.org|date=2021-04-17|accessdate=2022-06-16|archivedate=2021-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417211255/https://www.preventionweb.net/english/policies/v.php?id=59982&cid=0}}</ref> ===Wanyamapori na Hifadhi=== {{Main|Wanyamapori nchini Tanzania}} {{See also|Mbuga za Taifa la Tanzania}}Tanzania ina takriban 20% ya [[spishi]] za wanyama wengi wa [[Afrika]] wenye [[damu moto]], wanapatikana kwenye mbuga zake za Taifa, hifadhi na [[bahari]]. Hifadhi za Taifa na mbuga za wanyama zimeenea katika eneo la zaidi ya kilomita za mraba 42,000 (sq. mi 16,000) na kuunda karibu 38% ya eneo la nchi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Tanzania travel guide {{!}} Tanzania {{!}} Zepisa African safaris|url=https://www.zepisaafricansafaris.com/tanzania-travel-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/|work=web.archive.org|date=2020-12-01|accessdate=2022-06-16|archivedate=2020-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201202741/https://www.zepisaafricansafaris.com/tanzania-travel-guide-everything-you-need-to-know/}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nZiyAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA57|title=Indigenous People in Africa: Contestations, Empowerment and Group Rights|last=Ridwan|first=Laher|last2=Korir|first2=SingíOei|date=2014-05-05|publisher=Africa Institute of South Africa|isbn=978-0-7983-0464-1|language=en}}</ref> Tanzania ina mbuga 21 za taifa, pamoja na hifadhi mbalimbali za wanyamapori na misitu, ikijumuisha [[Hifadhi ya Ngorongoro]]. Magharibi mwa Tanzania, [[Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Gombe]] ni kitovu ya uchunguzi unaoendelea wa [[Jane Goodall]] wa tabia ya [[Sokwe (Hominidae)|sokwe]], ambao ulianza mwaka wa 1960.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=The official site of the Tanzania National Parks - Gombe Stream National Park|url=http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html|work=web.archive.org|date=2014-10-04|accessdate=2022-06-16|archivedate=2014-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141004004545/http://www.tanzaniaparks.com/gombe.html}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_icMuBQhW4vgC|title=Nature's strongholds : the world's greatest wildlife reserves|last=Riley|first=Laura|date=2005|publisher=Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press|others=unknown library|isbn=978-0-691-12219-9}}</ref> Tanzania ina [[bioanuwai]] nyingi na ina aina mbalimbali za makazi ya wanyama.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=http://archive.org/details/biodiversityinsu0000stua|title=Biodiversity in sub-Saharan Africa and its islands : conservation, management, and sustainable use|last=Stuart|first=S. N.|date=1990|publisher=Gland, Switzerland : IUCN|others=Internet Archive|isbn=978-2-8317-0021-2}}</ref> Katika uwanda wa [[Hifadhi ya Serengeti|Serengeti]] nchini Tanzania, [[nyumbu]] (''Connochaetes taurinus mearnsi''), "[[Bovids|''bovids'']]" wengine na [[Punda milia|pundamilia]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Serengeti wildebeest migration explained with moving map|url=https://www.expertafrica.com/tanzania/info/serengeti-wildebeest-migration|work=www.expertafrica.com|accessdate=2022-06-16}}</ref> hushiriki katika uhamaji mkubwa wa kila mwaka. Tanzania ni nyumbani kwa takriban spishi 130 za [[amfibia]] na zaidi ya spishi 275 za wanyama watambaao, wengi wao wanapatikana Tanzania tu na wamejumuishwa katika orodha ya [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]].<ref>Edoarado Razzetti and Charles Andekia Msuya (2002) [http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf "Introduction"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716094052/http://www-3.unipv.it/webshi/images/files/tanzie2002.pdf |date=16 July 2020 }}, ''Field Guide to Amphibians and Reptiles of Arusha National Park''. Tanzania National Parks. p. 11</ref> Tanzania ina idadi kubwa ya simba duniani.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html|title=Africa: Tanzania Has Largest Number of Lions in Africa, New Report Says|first=Edward Qorro in|last=Arusha|date=12 Agosti 2019|website=allAfrica.com|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210810083735/https://allafrica.com/stories/201908120146.html|archivedate=2021-08-10|accessdate=2022-06-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tanzania ilikuwa na alama 7.13/10 kwenye [[Forest Landscape Integrity Index]] mwaka 2019, ilishika nafasi ya 54 duniani kati ya nchi 172.<ref name="FLII-Supplementary">{{cite journal|last1=Grantham|first1=H. S.|last2=Duncan|first2=A.|last3=Evans|first3=T. D.|last4=Jones|first4=K. R.|last5=Beyer|first5=H. L.|last6=Schuster|first6=R.|last7=Walston|first7=J.|last8=Ray|first8=J. C.|last9=Robinson|first9=J. G.|display-authors=1|year=2020|title=Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material|journal=Nature Communications|volume=11|issue=1|page=5978|doi=10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3|issn=2041-1723|last10=Callow|first10=M.|last11=Clements|first11=T.|last12=Costa|first12=H. M.|last13=DeGemmis|first13=A.|last14=Elsen|first14=P. R.|last15=Ervin|first15=J.|last16=Franco|first16=P.|last17=Goldman|first17=E.|last18=Goetz|first18=S.|last19=Hansen|first19=A.|last20=Hofsvang|first20=E.|last21=Jantz|first21=P.|last22=Jupiter|first22=S.|last23=Kang|first23=A.|last24=Langhammer|first24=P.|last25=Laurance|first25=W. F.|last26=Lieberman|first26=S.|last27=Linkie|first27=M.|last28=Malhi|first28=Y.|last29=Maxwell|first29=S.|last30=Mendez|first30=M.|last31=Mittermeier|first31=R.|last32=Murray|first32=N. J.|last33=Possingham|first33=H.|last34=Radachowsky|first34=J.|last35=Saatchi|first35=S.|last36=Samper|first36=C.|last37=Silverman|first37=J.|last38=Shapiro|first38=A.|last39=Strassburg|first39=B.|last40=Stevens|first40=T.|last41=Stokes|first41=E.|last42=Taylor|first42=R.|last43=Tear|first43=T.|last44=Tizard|first44=R.|last45=Venter|first45=O.|last46=Visconti|first46=P.|last47=Wang|first47=S.|last48=Watson|first48=J. E. M.}}</ref> ==Serikali na Utawala== {{main|Mikoa ya Tanzania|Wilaya za Tanzania}} [[Muundo]] wa [[uongozi]] na [[utawala]] katika kipindi cha [[ukoloni]] ulizingatia mgawanyo wa [[madaraka]] baina ya mihimili mitatu ya [[dola]] yaani [[serikali]], [[bunge]] na [[mahakama]]. Tangu [[uhuru]], mgawanyo wa madaraka na uhusiano miongoni mwa mihimili hiyo uliimarishwa kwa kuzingatia wakati, mahitaji ya [[demokrasia]] na misingi ya [[utawala bora]] na umeainishwa pia katika [[katiba]] ya Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania Ibara ya 4 (1). Kuwepo kwa [[mfumo wa vyama vingi]] pia kulikuwa hatua ya kuendelea kuimarisha utawala wa ushiriki wa wananchi kadiri mahitaji ya upanuzi wa maono na [[falsafa]] [[duniani]]. [[Ugatuzi]], yaani mgawanyo wa kiutawala, unafuata Katiba ya nchi I 2.2. Tanzania imegawiwa kwa [[Mikoa ya Tanzania|mikoa]] 31. Kila [[mkoa]] huwa na [[wilaya]] ndani yake. Jumla ya wilaya ni 169, ambazo kati yake 34 ni miji. Ndani ya wilaya kuna ngazi za [[tarafa]] na [[kata]]. Chini ya kata kuna [[vijiji]] na wakati mwingine ngazi ya chini tena ambayo ni vitongoji. {| class="wikitable" !Mkoa !Makao Makuu !Mkoa !Makao Makuu !Ramani ya mikoa |- |[[Mkoa wa Arusha|Arusha]] |[[Arusha]] |[[Mkoa wa Mwanza|Mwanza]] |[[Mwanza]] | rowspan="15" |{{Tanzania_Regions_Labelled_Map|width=450}} |- |[[Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam|Dar es Salaam]] |[[Dar es Salaam]] |[[Mkoa wa Njombe|Njombe]] |[[Njombe]] |- |[[Mkoa wa Dodoma|Dodoma]] |[[Dodoma]] |[[Mkoa wa Pemba Kaskazini|Pemba Kaskazini]] |[[Wete]] |- |[[Mkoa wa Geita|Geita]] |[[Geita]] |[[Mkoa wa Pemba Kusini|Pemba Kusini]] |[[Chake Chake]] |- |[[Mkoa wa Iringa|Iringa]] |[[Iringa]] |[[Mkoa wa Pwani|Pwani]] |[[Kibaha]] |- |[[Mkoa wa Kagera|Kagera]] |[[Bukoba]] |[[Mkoa wa Rukwa|Rukwa]] |[[Sumbawanga]] |- |[[Mkoa wa Katavi|Katavi]] |[[Mpanda]] |[[Mkoa wa Ruvuma|Ruvuma]] |[[Songea]] |- |[[Mkoa wa Kigoma|Kigoma]] |[[Kigoma]] |[[Mkoa wa Shinyanga|Shinyanga]] |[[Shinyanga]] |- |[[Mkoa wa Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]] |[[Moshi]] |[[Mkoa wa Simiyu|Simiyu]] |[[Bariadi]] |- |[[Mkoa wa Lindi|Lindi]] |[[Lindi]] |[[Mkoa wa Singida|Singida]] |[[Singida]] |- |[[Mkoa wa Manyara|Manyara]] |[[Babati]] |[[Mkoa wa Tabora|Tabora]] |[[Tabora]] |- |[[Mkoa wa Mara|Mara]] |[[Musoma]] |[[Mkoa wa Tanga|Tanga]] |[[Tanga]] |- |[[Mkoa wa Mbeya|Mbeya]] |[[Mbeya]] |[[Mkoa wa Unguja Kusini|Zanzibar Kati/Kusini]] |[[Koani]] |- |[[Mkoa wa Morogoro|Morogoro]] |[[Morogoro]] |[[Mkoa wa Unguja Kaskazini|Unguja Kaskazini]] |[[Mkokotoni]] |- |[[Mkoa wa Mtwara|Mtwara]] |[[Mtwara]] |[[Mkoa wa Unguja Mjini Magharibi|Unguja Magharibi]] |[[Zanzibar]] |} === Miundo ya muungano === Tangu muungano wa Tanganyika na Zanzibar kufanyika mwaka 1964 Tanzania imekuwa na miundo ifuatayo: * Nchi inatawaliwa na [[serikali ya muungano]] ikitekeleza [[sheria]] zinazotolewa na [[bunge la Tanzania]]. * [[Tanganyika]] au Tanzania bara haina [[serikali]] wala [[bunge]] la pekee. * [[Zanzibar]] (visiwa vya [[Unguja]] na [[Kisiwa cha Pemba|Pemba]]) ina serikali na bunge lake vinavyoratibu mambo yasiyo ya muungano. Mambo yafuatayo yamekubalika kuwa shughuli za muungano: * Mambo ya nje * Jeshi * Polisi * Mamlaka ya dharura * Uraia * Uhamiaji * Biashara ya nje * Utumishi wa umma * Kodi ya mapato, forodha * Bandari, Usafiri wa anga, Posta na Simu == Demografia == {{Main|Demografia ya Tanzania}} [[File:Human_population_density_Tanzania.png|thumb|Msongamano wa watu nchini mwaka 2022.|300x300px]] Watu wa Tanzania hawaenei sawasawa. Katika maeneo makavu sana, kwa wastani kuna mtu mmoja tu kwa kilomita ya mraba (1/km²), lakini sehemu zenye [[rutuba]] za [[bara]], kuna watu 51 kwa kila kilomita ya mraba. Hatimaye huku [[Unguja]] kuna watu 134 kwa kilomita ya mraba na katika [[Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam]] ni 3,133 kwa kilomita ya mraba. Asilimia 70 hivi huishi [[kijiji|vijijini]], ingawa uhamiaji mijini unakwenda kasi.<ref>Athuman Mtulya (26 September 2013) "Report reveals rapid rural -urban migration". thecitizen.co.tz.</ref> ===Makabila=== Jamii nyingi za watu zimeishi na kushirikiana katika eneo la Tanzania bara kwa [[milenia]] nyingi. [[Picha:Sukump1.jpg|thumb|300px|Wasukuma ndio kabila kubwa zaidi nchini.]] Kati ya jamii hizo, nyingi zilikuja kutoka maeneo mengine ya Afrika. Nyingi katika jamii zilizohamia sehemu hii ziliingia katika makundi madogomadogo kwa [[amani]], ingawa ziko zilizoingia kwa njia ya [[uvamizi]] na [[vita]]. Baadhi ya jamii zilizovamiwa zilijihami na kuwazuia wahamiaji wasiendelee kuteka maeneo mengine. Kufikia mwaka [[1884]], wakati Wajerumani walipoanza harakati za kufanya sehemu hii ya Afrika kuwa [[koloni]] lao, kulikuwa na [[Kabila|makabila]] zaidi ya 120 katika eneo la Tanzania bara. Kuna [[Orodha ya makabila ya Tanzania|makabila 125 hivi]]. Makabila yenye watu zaidi ya [[milioni]] [[moja]] ni [[Wasukuma]], [[Wanyamwezi]], [[Wachaga]], [[Waha]], [[Wagogo]], [[Wahaya]], [[Wajaluo]] na [[Wamakonde]]. Jambo la pekee kuhusu jamii zilizoishi na zinazoendelea kuishi Tanzania ni kwamba wakazi asili wanawakilisha makundi yote makuu manne ya [[lugha]] barani Afrika.<ref>Ulrich Ammon; Norbert Dittmar; Klaus J. Mattheier (2006). Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 1967–. ISBN 978-3-11-018418-1.</ref> Inakadiriwa kwamba ya Watanzania ni wa Kibantu, ni wa Kiniloti, ni wa Kikushi na ni wa Kikhoisan. 1. Idadi kubwa sana ya Watanzania (zaidi ya [[asilimia]] 90) ni wa jamii ya [[Wabantu]] (k.m. Wazaramo, Wapare na Wapogoro). 2. Nje ya hao, kuna [[Waniloti]] (asilimia 4 hivi), kwa mfano [[Wamasai]] na [[Wajaluo]] ambao wengi wao zaidi wanaishi [[Kenya]]. 3. Kundi lingine ni makabila ya [[Wakushi]] (asilimia 2.2 hivi) wanaoishi kaskazini mwa Tanzania; hao ni makabila ya [[Wairaqw]], [[Wafiome]], [[Wasi]] na [[Waburunge]]. 4. Wengine wanaitwa [[Wasandawe]] (asilimia 0.3 hivi) wanaofanana kiasi na [[Wasani]] wa [[Botswana]] na [[Namibia]]; . Hatimaye kuna [[Wahadzabe]] takriban [[elfu moja]] ambao [[utafiti]] wa [[DNA]] umeonyesha hivi karibuni wana uhusiano wa asili na [[Watwa]] wa nchi za [[Afrika ya Kati]]. Pia kuna asilimia ndogo ya watu wenye asili ya nje ya bara la [[Afrika]], kwa mfano [[Wahindi]], [[Waarabu]], [[Waindochina]], [[Wafarsi]], [[Wachina]], [[Wagiriki]] na [[Waingereza]]. Hii ilisababishwa na karne za mchanganyiko wa mahitaji ya biashara yaliyofanywa na mabara ya [[Ulaya]] na [[Asia]] hapo [[Afrika]]. {{Makabila ya Tanzania}} === Lugha === {{main|Orodha ya lugha za Tanzania}} Nchini Tanzania kuna [[lugha]] za [[kabila|kikabila]] zaidi ya mia moja na ishirini, kwa kuwa kila kabila lina lugha yake. [[Kiswahili]] ndiyo [[lugha ya taifa]] na inazidi kuwa [[lugha mama]]<ref>Kadiri ya Ulrich Ammon; Norbert Dittmar; Klaus J. Mattheier (2006). Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society. Walter de Gruyter. p. 1967. ISBN 978-3-11-018418-1 tayari Kiswahili ni lugha ya kwanza kwa asilimia 10 za wananchi</ref> kwa [[watoto]] wengi, hasa mijini.<ref>Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World. Elsevier. 2010. pp. 1026–. ISBN 978-0-08-087775-4.</ref> Walau asilimia 90 za wakazi wanakitumia walau kama [[lugha ya pili]]. Kiswahili ni mojawapo kati ya [[lugha za Kibantu]]: hii imesaidia sana kukubaliwa kwa Kiswahili nchini, kwa sababu idadi kubwa ya Watanzania ni wasemaji wa lugha za [[Kibantu]]. Kiswahili kinatumika kama lugha baina ya watu wa makabila mbalimbali na kwa mambo rasmi; kwa hiyo ni lugha rasmi ya [[dhati]]. Baada ya [[uhuru]], [[Kiingereza]] (iliyokuwa lugha ya [[ukoloni|kikoloni]] kabla ya [[uhuru]]) iliendelea kutumika kwa mambo kadhaa rasmi na kwa [[elimu]] kuanzia [[sekondari]] ingawa sera mpya inataka Kiswahili kishike nafasi yake hadi [[chuo kikuu]];<ref>"Tanzania Ditches English In Education Overhaul Plan". AFK Insider. 17 February 2015. Retrieved 23 February 2015.</ref> kwa hiyo ilichukuliwa kama lugha rasmi ya dhati pamoja na Kiswahili. Lakini utumizi rasmi wa Kiingereza umepungua katika milongo iliyopita, na sasa utumizi huu karibu umekwisha. Kwa hiyo siku hizi ni kawaida zaidi kuchukulia Kiswahili kama lugha rasmi ya dhati pekee. [[Sera]] mpya ya elimu inakusudia kufanya Kiswahili kuwa [[lugha ya kufundishia]] katika ngazi zote kufikia mwaka [[2024]]. === Dini === [[File:Cathedral of Arusha.jpg|thumb|left|250px|[[Kanisa kuu]] la Arusha]] {{Main|Dini nchini Tanzania}} Nchi haina [[dini rasmi]] na [[katiba]] ya Tanzania inatangaza [[uhuru wa dini]] kwa wote. Mara nyingi idadi ya wafuasi wa [[dini]] hutajwa kuwa [[theluthi]] moja [[Uislamu|Waislamu]], theluthi moja [[Ukristo|Wakristo]] na theluthi moja wafuasi wa [[dini za jadi]]. Lakini tangu [[uhuru]] swali la dini ya wananchi halijaulizwa tena katika [[sensa]], kwa hiyo kadirio la theluthi-theluthi inawezekana ni zaidi azimio la kisiasa. Kwenye funguvisiwa la [[Zanzibar]] idadi ya Waislamu huaminiwa kuwa takriban 97%. === Miji === [[Dar es Salaam]] ndilo [[jiji]] kubwa zaidi, lenye watu 5,383,728, na linaendelea kuwa makao ya [[ofisi]] nyingi za [[serikali]], [[bandari]] kuu, na [[kitovu]] cha [[biashara]]. [[Mji|Miji]] mingine ni kama vile [[Mwanza (mji)|Mwanza]] (1,004,521), [[Arusha (mji)|Arusha]] (616,631), [[Mbeya (mji)|Mbeya]] (541,603), [[Morogoro (mji)|Morogoro]] (471,409), [[Kahama (mji)|Kahama]] (453,654), [[Tanga (mji)|Tanga]] (393,429), [[Geita (mji)|Geita]] (361,671), [[Tabora (mji)|Tabora]] (308,741) na [[Sumbawanga (mji)|Sumbawanga]] (303,986).<ref>{{Cite report|title=Administrative Units Population Distribution Report|date=Desemba 2022|author=Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu – Tanzania|language=en|url=https://www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Census2022/Administrative_units_Population_Distribution_Report_Tanzania_volume1a.pdf}}</ref> == Usafiri == {{Main|Usafiri wa Tanzania}} [[File:Magufuli Bus Terminus, Mbezi, Ubungo MC.jpg|350px|left|thumbnail| Kituo cha Mabasi cha Magufuli, Mbezi]] Usafiri nchini Tanzania ni hasa kwa njia ya [[barabara]]. Nyingine ni [[reli]] na [[Ndege (uanahewa)|ndege]]. Kwenye [[Maziwa makubwa ya Afrika|maziwa makubwa]] na [[pwani]] ya Bahari Hindi kuna pia usafiri wa [[meli]]. Hadi sasa idadi ya barabara za [[lami]] si kubwa. Kuna hasa njia nzuri kati ya [[Dar es Salaam]], [[Mbeya]] katika kusini-magharibi, Dodoma katika kitovu cha nchi, Arusha / Tanga katika kaskazini-mashariki. Kusini-Mashariki na Magharibi ya nchi kwa jumla haina barabara nzuri na [[mawasiliano]] ni magumu. Mashirika mawili ya reli yanayohudumia Tanzania: ni TRC ([[Shirika ya Reli Tanzania]] - ''Tanzania Railways Corporation'') na [[TAZARA]] (''Tanzania-Zambia Railways Corporation''). TRC imetawala reli ya kati kuanzia Dar es Salaam hadi [[Kigoma]] halafu reli ya Tanga kati ya Tanga na Arusha. Tazara imeunganisha Dar es Salaam na kusini ya nchi hadi Zambia. Zote hazikutunzwa vizuri na usafiri unakumbwa na huduma mbaya pamoja na [[ajali]]. Huduma kwa ndege zinatumia hasa viwanja vya ndege 11 vyenye barabara ya lami kwa ajili ya ndege, hasa [[Uwanja wa ndege wa kimataifa wa Julius Nyerere|Julius Nyerere/Dar es Salaam]], [[Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro/Arusha-Moshi]] na [[Zanzibar]]-Kisauni. Pia kuna viwanja vingine vya ndege kama vile uwanja wa ndege wa Mwanza, Bukoba na Kigoma. Usafiri wa majini pia unafanyika hasa katika bahari ya Hindi, ingawa hakuna meli ya serikali hapo na mashirika binafsi hutoa huduma. Usafiri wa majini hufanyika pia katika maziwa ya Viktoria, Tanganyika na Nyasa. Miongoni mwa meli ni [[MV Bukoba]] iliyozama tarehe [[21 Mei]] [[1996]] pamoja na abiria karibu 1,000 na [[MV Nyerere]] iliyozama tarehe [[20 Septemba]] [[2018]] pamoja na abiria zaidi ya 200. Katika ziwa Tanganyika ipo meli ya Mv Liemba ambayo ilianza kutumika tangia kipindi cha ukoloni wa Wajerumani: inatoa huduma kati ya miji ya mwambao wa ziwa Tanganyika na nchi jirani. Mwaka 2017 ulianza ujenzi wa awamu ya kwanza ya njia ya [[geji sanifu]] nchini Tanzania inayolenga kuunganisha [[Dar es Salaam]] na [[Morogoro]].<ref>[http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Tanzania-railway-construction/2560-3801608-6plii9/index.html Turkish, Portuguese firms win bid to construct Tanzania’s SGR], tovuti ya theeastafrican.co.ke ya 6 Februari 2017, iliangaliwa Mei 2017</ref> Njia hii inatarajiwa kuendelea hadi [[Mwanza]] na hatimaye hadi [[Burundi]]. == Urithi wa Dunia == [[File:City of Kilwa, 1572.jpg|thumb|left|Mchoro wa mwaka [[1572]] ukionyesha mji wa [[Kilwa]] ulivyokuwa wakati huo.]] Mahali pafuatapo katika Tanzania pamepokewa katika orodha ya [[UNESCO]] ya "[[Urithi wa Dunia]]" (mwaka wa kukubaliwa – jina la mahali) * 1979 – Hifadhi ya Taifa [[Ngorongoro]]. * 1981 – [[Hifadhi ya Serengeti]]. * 1981 – Magofu ya [[Kilwa Kisiwani]] na Songo Mnara. * 1982 – Hifadhi ya Taifa [[Selous]]. * 1987 – Hifadhi ya Taifa [[Hifadhi ya Kilimanjaro|Kilimanjaro]]. * 2000 – [[Mji Mkongwe]] wa [[Jiji la Zanzibar]] / [[Unguja]]. * 2006 – [[Michoro ya Kondoa]]. == Utamaduni na Sanaa == {{Main|Utamaduni wa Kitanzania}} === Muziki === {{Main|Muziki wa Tanzania}} Kuna aina zaidi ya tano za muziki nchini Tanzania, kama zilivyofafanuliwa na [[BASATA]] ni pamoja na [[Ngoma (muziki)|ngoma]] [[Ngoma za asili|(ngoma za asili]]), [[Muziki wa dansi|dansi]], [[kwaya]] (muziki wa injili), [[taarab]], na [[Bongo Flava|bongo flava]] ([[Muziki wa pop|pop]]/[[Hip hop ya Kitanzania|hip hop]]).<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i7riV5SvDe8C&newbks=0&hl=en|title=Performing the Nation: Swahili Music and Cultural Politics in Tanzania|last=Askew|first=Kelly|last2=Askew|first2=Professor Kelly|date=2002-07-28|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-02981-8|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lVxVFJRiRO8C|title=Cultured States: Youth, Gender, and Modern Style in 1960s Dar Es Salaam|last=Ivaska|first=Andrew|date=2011-01-25|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=978-0-8223-4770-5|language=en}}</ref> Ngoma ni muziki wa dansi wa kitamaduni, ngoma hutofautiana kati ya [[kabila]] na kabila.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XEeTAgAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|title=The Garland Handbook of African Music|last=Stone|first=Ruth M.|date=2010-04-02|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-90001-4|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7EPcIVSHESEC&newbks=0&hl=en|title=Performance and Politics in Tanzania: The Nation on Stage|last=Edmondson|first=Laura|date=2007-07-20|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-11705-2|language=en}}</ref> Dansi ni muziki wa bendi unatokana na muziki wa [[soukous]] kutoka [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] (au "rumba ya Kikongo").<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q_lWEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|title=Songs and Politics in Eastern Africa|last=Njogu|first=Kimani|last2=Maupeu|first2=Herv|date=2007-10-15|publisher=African Books Collective|isbn=978-9987-08-108-0|language=en}}</ref> Taarab ni muziki wa Waafrika wa [[pwani]] uliopokea athira kutoka [[Utamaduni|tamaduni]] nyingi, hasa muziki wa [[Waarabu]] na [[Wahindi]]. Kimsingi ni uimbaji wa [[mashairi]] unaofuata muziki wa bendi.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q_lWEAAAQBAJ&newbks=0&hl=en|title=Songs and Politics in Eastern Africa|last=Njogu|first=Kimani|last2=Maupeu|first2=Herv|date=2007-10-15|publisher=African Books Collective|isbn=978-9987-08-108-0|language=en}}</ref> Kwaya ni muziki ambao asili yake ni [[Kanisa|kanisani]]. Bongo flava ni muziki wa pop wa Tanzania uliozaliwa na [[muziki wa kizazi kipya]], unajumuisha [[reggae]], [[R&B|RnB]], na [[Hip Hop|hip hop]], uliochanganywa na vionjo vya asili (flava) lakini tangu wakati huo umekua na kuwa muziki wa kipekee wa maeneo ya [[Maziwa Makuu ya Afrika|Maziwa Makuu]].<ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Kerr|first=David|date=2018-01-02|title=From the margins to the mainstream: making and remaking an alternative music economy in Dar es Salaam|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2015.1125776|journal=Journal of African Cultural Studies|volume=30|issue=1|pages=65–80|doi=10.1080/13696815.2015.1125776|issn=1369-6815}}</ref> Asili mbalimbali za ushawishi zimesaidia kufanya bongo flava kuwa muziki maarufu zaidi Afrika Mashariki, na muziki mmojawapo kati ya ile maarufu zaidi katika bara la Afrika.<ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Suriano|first=M.|date=2011|title=Hip-Hop and Bongo Flavour Music in Contemporary Tanzania: Youths’ Experiences, Agency, Aspirations and Contradictions|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ad/article/view/74118|journal=Africa Development|language=en|volume=36|issue=3-4|pages=113–126|doi=10.4314/ad.v36i3-4|issn=0850-3907}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Perullo|first=Alex|date=2005|title=Hooligans and Heroes: Youth Identity and Hip-Hop in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4187688|journal=Africa Today|volume=51|issue=4|pages=75–101|issn=0001-9887}}</ref> [[Picha:SitiBintiSaad_(cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Mwimbaji wa Tanzania [[Siti Binti Saad]] ]] Tangu kuundwa kwa Tanzania hadi 1993, kurekodi na usambazaji wote wa muziki ulisimamiwa kikamilifu na [[Baraza la Sanaa Tanzania|BASATA]], hasa kupitia [[Radio Tanzania Dar Es Salaam|Redio Tanzania Dar es Salaam]] (RTD).<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8PdWEAAAQBAJ|title=Dar es Salaam. Histories from an Emerging African Metropolis|last=Brennan|first=James|last2=Burton|first2=Yus|date=2007-10-15|publisher=African Books Collective|isbn=978-9987-08-107-3|language=en}}</ref> Ni aina 4 tu za muziki za Kitanzania zilizoruhusiwa kurekodiwa au kutangazwa, ambazo wakati huo zilikuwa ngoma, taarab, kwaya na dansi. Sheria ya Huduma za Utangazaji ya 1993 iliruhusu mitandao ya kibinafsi ya matangazo na studio za kurekodi.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date={{date|1994-06-11|mdy}}|type=Act|title=THE BROADCASTING SERVICES ACT, 1993|language=en|url=https://tadio.co.tz/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Tanzania-broadcasting-Act-6-of-1993-1.pdf|accessdate=2022-06-17|archive-date=2020-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927135508/https://tadio.co.tz/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Tanzania-broadcasting-Act-6-of-1993-1.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Haya ni mojawapo ya mabadiliko muhimu zaidi katika tasnia ya muziki ya Tanzania tangu kuanzishwa kwa nchi miaka 30 kabla.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VePJDAAAQBAJ|title=Live from Dar es Salaam: Popular Music and Tanzania's Music Economy|last1=Perullo|first1=Alex|date=2011|publisher=[[Indiana University Press]]|isbn=978-0-253-00150-4|location=[[United States]]: [[Indiana]]|access-date=5 Juni 2022}}</ref> Miaka michache kabla ya Act ya 1993, muziki wa hip hop ulikuwa umeanza kuimarika katika miji ya Dar es Salaam, Mbeya, Arusha na Mwanza. Ilikuwa ikianza mageuzi kutoka kwenye hip hop ya Kiingereza huko Uzunguni, maeneo tajiri kama Oysterbay na Masaki pamoja na shule za kimataifa, hadi kizazi kipya [[Uswahilini]], vitongoji maskini na kutumia Kiswahili.<ref name="Saleh_J">{{cite web|last1=Nne|first1=Juma|title=Saleh J – Tanzanian Swahili rap pioneer|url=https://www.africanhiphop.com/saleh-j-tanzanian-swahili-rap-pioneer/|website=Africanhiphop.com|access-date=5 Juni 2022|language=en|date=2001-10-01}}</ref> Mara tu baada ya kufunguliwa kwa mawimbi ya redio, bongo flava ilizaliwa ikienea kwa haraka kote nchini, na katika Maziwa Makuu.<ref name="Kerr_18">{{cite journal|last1=Kerr|first1=David|date=2018-01-02|title=From the margins to the mainstream: making and remaking an alternative music economy in Dar es Salaam|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/13696815.2015.1125776|journal=[[Journal of African Cultural Studies]]|language=en|publisher=[[Routledge]]|volume=30|issue=1|page=65-80|doi=10.1080/13696815.2015.1125776|issn=1369-6815}}</ref> === Fasihi === {{Main|Fasihi ya Tanzania}} Utamaduni wa kifasihi wa Tanzania kimsingi ni wa simulizi.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=90d9pKhSjAIC|title=Culture and Customs of Tanzania|last=Otiso|first=Kefa M.|date=2013-01-24|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-08708-0|language=en}}</ref>{{rp|68}} Tanzu na vipera maaarufu vya [[Fasihi simulizi|fasihi simuliz]]<nowiki/>i ni pamoja na [[Ngano (hadithi)|ngano]], [[Shairi|mashairi]], [[mafumbo]], [[methali]] na [[nyimbo]].<ref name=":0" />{{rp|69}}  Sehemu kubwa zaidi ya fasihi simulizi iliyorekodiwa Tanzania ni ya Kiswahili, ingawa lugha za [[Orodha ya makabila ya Tanzania|makabila ya Tanzania]] zina mapokeo yake ya simulizi.  Fasihi simulizi ya nchi imekuwa ikipungua kwa sababu ya mabadiliko ya muundo wa jamii, na kufanya uwasilishaji wa fasihi simulizi kuwa mgumu zaidi, pia teknolojia za kisasa zinachangia kushushwa kwa thamani ya fasihi simulizi.<ref name=":0" />{{rp|68-9}} Utamaduni wa kuandika na kusoma [[vitabu]] umeenea nchini Tanzania. [[Fasihi andishi]] nyingi za Kitanzania ni za [[Kiswahili]] au [[Kiingereza]].<ref name=":0" /> {{rp|75}} Watu mashuhuri katika fasihi andishi ya Tanzania ni pamoja na [[Shaaban Robert]] (anatambulika kama baba wa [[fasihi ya Kiswahili]]), [[Muhammed Saley Farsy]], [[Faraji Katalambulla]], Adam Shafi Adam, [[Muhammed Said Abdulla|Muhammed Said Abdalla]], [[Said Ahmed Mohammed Khamis]], [[Mohamed Suleiman Mohamed]], [[Euphrase Kezilahabi]], [[Gabriel Ruhumbika]], [[Ebrahim Hussein]], [[May Materru Balisidya]], [[Fadhy Mtanga]], [[Abdulrazak Gurnah]], na [[Penina O. Mlama]].<ref name=":0" />{{rp|76-8}} [[Picha:Makonde elephant.jpg|thumb|150px|Bombwe la Kimakonde: Tembo]] [[File:Amani-TT4798.jpg|Mchoro wa [[Tingatinga (painting)|Tingatinga]]|thumb]] === Uchoraji na Uchongaji === Mitindo miwili ya sanaa ya Tanzania imepata kutambuliwa kimataifa.<ref name="Doling">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Tanzania Arts Directory|last=Doling|first=Tim|date=1999|publisher=Visiting Arts|isbn=9781902349114|pages=17|language=en}}</ref>   [[Uchoraji]] wa [[Tingatinga (uchoraji)|Tingatinga]] umejulikana tangu [[miaka ya 1970]]. Mtindo huo umepewa [[jina]] la [[mwanzilishi]] wake, mchoraji wa Kitanzania [[Edward Tingatinga|Edward Said Tingatinga]]. Kwa ujumla michoro ya Tingatinga inayoonyesha watu, wanyama, au maisha ya kila siku.<ref name=":0" />{{rp|13}}<ref name="Doling" /> Baada ya kifo cha Tingatinga mwaka wa 1972, wasanii wengine walikubali na kuendeleza mtindo wake, na aina hiyo sasa ndiyo mtindo muhimu zaidi unaolenga utalii katika maeneo ya Afrika Mashariki.<ref name=":0" />{{rp|113}}<ref name="Doling" /> [[Uchongaji]] wa [[mabombwe ya Kimakonde]] yamesifiwa tangu mwanzo wa [[karne ya 20]]. [[Wamakonde]] wengi wamehamia [[Dar es Salaam|Dar es salaam]] au [[Arusha]] wanapohudumia soko la [[watalii]] na soko la nje. === Michezo === {{Main|Michezo ya Tanzania}} Mchezo maarufu nchini Tanzania ni [[mpira wa miguu]]. Ingawa mpira wa miguu ([[kandanda]]) unaongoza kwa ufuasi mkubwa miongoni mwa vijana, michezo mingine kama vile [[mpira wa kikapu]], [[mchezo wa ngumi]] na [[riadha]] inazidi kuwa maarufu miongoni mwa watu.<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tViQJkGh06YC&pg=PA36|title=Tanzania|last=Wairagala|first=Wakabi|date=2004|publisher=Gareth Stevens|isbn=978-0-8368-3119-1|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GoKnbA1c1DsC&pg=PA53|title=Tanzania in Pictures|last=Pritchett|first=Bev|date=2007-12-15|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|isbn=978-0-8225-8571-8|language=en}}</ref> Baraza la Michezo la Taifa ndicho chombo kinachosimamia michezo nchini chini ya Wizara ya Habari, Vijana, Michezo na Utamaduni.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=NSC should perfect all sports categories|url=https://www.tanzaniasports.com/nsc-should-perfect-all-sports-categories/|work=Tanzania Sports|date=2011-10-01|accessdate=2022-06-16|language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Shirikisho la Mpira wa Miguu Tanzania]] ([[TFF]]) ni chombo kinachosimamia mpira wa miguu nchini.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Member Association - Tanzania - FIFA.com|url=https://www.fifa.com/associations/association/tan/about|work=web.archive.org|date=2020-07-04|accessdate=2022-06-16|archivedate=2020-08-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200823220736/https://www.fifa.com/associations/association/tan/about}}</ref> Vilabu maarufu vya soka la kulipwa jijini Dar es Salaam ni [[Young Africans S.C|Young Africans F.C]]. na [[Simba S.C.|Simba S.C]]. Wachezaji wa kandanda ambao wamechezea klabu kubwa za kigeni ni pamoja na [[Mbwana Samatta]], [[Kelvin John]], na [[Morice Abraham]]. Tanzania iliandaa [[Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika U-17 2019]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=U17 AFCON - Asante Sana Tanzania!!!|url=https://www.cafonline.com/news-center/news/u17-afcon-asante-sana-tanzania|work=CAFOnline.com|accessdate=2022-06-16|language=en|author=CAF-Confedération Africaine du Football}}</ref> Soka la wanawake ni mchezo unaokuwa kwa kasi zaidi Tanzania. Utamaduni wa wanawake kucheza mpira wa miguu umeanza kueleweka kwa wengie. [[Timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Tanzania]], Taifa Queens ni bingwa wa [[Michuano ya CECAFA kwa Wanawake]] kwa mwaka 2016 na mwaka 2018.<ref>{{Citation|title=Tanzania win Cecafa Women's trophy|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/37409082|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-06-16}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|title=Tanzania retain Cecafa Women's Cup|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/44987890|work=BBC Sport|language=en-GB|access-date=2022-06-16}}</ref> Michuano hii huandaliwa na [[Shirikisho la Vyama vya Soka Afrika Mashariki na Kati]] (CECAFA). Timu ya taifa ya wanawake chini ya miaka 17 'Serengeti Girls' ilifuzu kucheza [[Michuano ya Kombe la Dunia la Wanawake]] nchini [[India]] mwaka 2022.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Serengeti Girls yatinga Kombe la Dunia|url=https://www.mwananchi.co.tz/mw/michezo/serengeti-girls-yatinga-kombe-la-dunia-3839528|work=Mwananchi|accessdate=17 Desemba 2024|date=5 Juni 2022}}</ref> Hasheem Thabeet ni Mtanzania wa kwanza kucheza [[Chama cha Mpira wa Kikapu Marekani|Ligi ya Mpira wa Kikapu ya Marekani]] ([[NBA]]).<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Hasheem Thabeet Stats|url=https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/t/thabeha01.html|work=Basketball-Reference.com|accessdate=2022-06-16|language=en|archivedate=2020-12-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201207100221/https://www.basketball-reference.com/players/t/thabeha01.html}}</ref>[[Mwanariadha]] wa zamani wa Tanzania wa mbio za kati, [[Filbert Bayi|Filbert Bayi Sanka]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Filbert BAYI {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics|url=https://www.worldathletics.org/athletes/tanzania/filbert-bayi-14347725|work=www.worldathletics.org|accessdate=2022-06-16}}</ref> mwaka 1974 aliboresha rekodi ya [[mbio ya mita 1500]], na mwaka wa [[1975]] aliboresha rekodi ya [[mbio ya maili moja]].<ref>{{Citation|title=1975 Miracle Mile: Filbert Bayi runs 3:51.0|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_oK3d7Ckh2o|language=sw-TZ|access-date=2022-06-16}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Bayi's record may be gone but it should never be forgotten|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/13143168.bayis-record-may-gone-never-forgotten/|work=HeraldScotland|accessdate=2022-06-16|language=en}}</ref> Bado anashikilia rekodi ya Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya mita 1500. === Filamu === Tanzania ina tasnia maarufu ya [[filamu]] inayojulikana kwa jina la "[[Bongo Movie]]".<ref name="mfd">{{cite web|url=http://mfditanzania.com/swahiliwood-researching-tanzanias-film-industry/|title=Swahiliwood: Researching Tanzania's Film Industry - Media for Development International|website=mfditanzania.com|accessdate=2022-06-17|archivedate=2020-02-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206210925/http://mfditanzania.com/swahiliwood-researching-tanzanias-film-industry/}}</ref> Studio nyingi za utayarishaji filamu za Kitanzania ziko Dar es Salaam. Kabla ya uhuru wa Tanzania mwaka 1961, baadhi ya sinema za kigeni zilirekodiwa [[Tanganyika]] na [[Zanzibar (Jiji)|Zanzibar]]. [[Tamasha la Kimataifa la Filamu la Zanzibar]] huandaa maonyesho ya filamu, warsha, muziki pamoja na sanaa zingine za maigizo. == Tazama pia == * [[Orodha ya Mawaziri Wakuu wa Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya Mawaziri Wakuu wa Zanzibar]] * [[Orodha ya Magavana Wakuu wa Tanganyika]] * [[Orodha ya Masultan wa Zanzibar]] * [[Orodha ya watu maarufu wa Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya mikoa ya Tanzania kwa eneo]] * [[Orodha ya mikoa ya Tanzania na Pato la Taifa]] * [[Orodha ya mikoa ya Tanzania na Maendeleo]] * [[Utawala wa Kijiji - Tanzania]] * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na idadi ya watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na msongamano wa watu]] * [[Orodha ya nchi za Afrika kulingana na pato la taifa]] * [[Demografia ya Afrika]] * [[Uchumi wa Tanzania]] ==Marejeo== {{Marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{Lango|Tanzania}} {{Commons}} * {{Wikiatlas|Tanzania}} * {{dmoz|Regional/Africa/Tanzania}} * [http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/tanzania/show-all.aspx Tanzania Corruption Profile] {{Wayback|url=http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/tanzania/show-all.aspx |date=20160812033656 }} from the [[Business-Anti-Corruption Portal|Business Ani-Corruption Portal]] {{Hoja Kuhusu Tanzania}} {{Mikoa ya Tanzania}} {{Afrika}} {{African Union}} [[Jamii:Tanzania|*]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Afrika]] [[Jamii:Umoja wa Afrika]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Madola]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki]] [[Jamii:Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika]] [[Jamii:nchi]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] jbdjwp454q0p0lycwagtxhd91e5auz7 0 7948 1606259 1497726 2026-10-08T13:36:31Z Mate Mingi 92978 1606259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Country |native_name = <span style="line-height:1.33em;">འབྲུག་ཡུལ<br />''Druk Gyal-khab''<br />'''Brug Rgyal-khab'''<br />''Dru Gäkhap''</span> |conventional_long_name = Ufalme wa Bhutan |common_name = Bhutan |image_flag = Flag of Bhutan.svg |image_coat = Emblem_of_Bhutan.svg |national_motto = "Nchi moja, taifa moja" |image_map = Bhutan in its region.svg |national_anthem = ''[[Druk tsendhen]]'' |official_languages = [[Kidzongkha]] |capital = [[Thimphu]] |latd=27 |latm=28 |latNS=N |longd=89 |longm=38 |longEW=E |government_type = [[Ufalme]] wa kikatiba |leader_titles = [[Mfalme]]<br />[[Waziri Mkuu]] |leader_names = [[Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck]] (འཇིགས་མེད་གེ་སར་རྣམ་རྒྱལ་དབང་ཕྱུག)<br />[[Tshering Tobgay]] (ཚེ་རིང་སྟོབས་རྒྱས) |largest_city = Thimphu |area = 38,394 |areami² = 14,824 |area_rank = ya 133 |percent_water = 1.1 |population_estimate = 802,214 |population_estimate_year = 2026 |population_estimate_rank = ya 166 |population_density = 20.9 |population_density_rank = ya 210 |GDP_PPP_year = 2024 |GDP_PPP = $8.4 billion (makadirio) |GDP_PPP_per_capita = ~$10,500 (makadirio) |HDI_year = 2022 |HDI = 0.666 |HDI_rank = ya 127 |HDI_category = <font color="#ffcc00">wastani</font> |sovereignty_type = Ufalme wa kikatiba |established_events = Dinastia ya Wangchuck |established_dates = [[17 Desemba]] [[1907]] |currency = [[Ngultrum]] |currency_code = BTN |time_zone = [[Bhutan Time|BTT]] |utc_offset = +6:00 |time_zone_DST = (haitumiki) |cctld = [[.bt]] |calling_code = 975 |footnotes = Takwimu za idadi ya watu kutoka UN/Worldometer (2026). }} [[Picha:Bhutan CIA WFB 2010 map.png|thumb|left|250px|Ramani ya Bhutan]] '''Bhutan''' (kitaifa: འབྲུག་ཡུལ, ''Druk Yul'') ni nchi ndogo ya [[Bara Hindi]] iliyopo katika milima ya [[Himalaya]]. Nchi imepakana na [[Uhindi]] upande wa kusini, mashariki na magharibi, na na [[China]] (jimbo la [[Tibet]]) upande wa kaskazini. Imetawaliwa na [[mfalme]] [[Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck]] tangu mwaka [[2006]], huku serikali ikiongozwa na Waziri Mkuu [[Tshering Tobgay]] tangu Januari 2024. Idadi ya wakazi ni takriban lakhi 8 (802,000 mwaka 2026). [[Mji mkuu]] ni Thimphu, ambao pia ni mji mkubwa zaidi. == Jiografia == Bhutan ni nchi ya milima; zaidi ya 80% ya eneo lake lipo juu ya [[kimo]] cha [[mita]] 2,000. Mipakani na China kuna milima mirefu ya Lunana, na mlima mrefu zaidi nchini ni Gangkhar Puensum (mita 7,570), ambao bado haujakaliwa kamili. Kusini tu kuna kanda nyembamba ya [[tambarare]] inayoitwa Duar. Wengi wa wakazi huishi katika maeneo ya milimani kati ya mita 2,000 hadi 3,000 juu ya [[UB]]. Zaidi ya theluthi mbili za nchi zimefunikwa na [[misitu]], na Bhutan inajivunia kuwa nchi pekee duniani yenye uzalishaji wa kaboni hasi (carbon-negative). == Historia == Bhutan iliunganishwa kisiasa mwaka [[1644]] chini ya [[mmonaki]] wa [[Ubuddha]] aitwaye Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyel. Nchi imefanikiwa kudumisha [[uhuru]] wake, ingawa sehemu za kusini zilitekwa na [[Waingereza]] na kuunganishwa na [[Uhindi wa Kiingereza]]. Uingereza, na baadaye Uhindi, ilishughulikia [[diplomasia|mahusiano ya nje]] ya Bhutan. Uhusiano huu unaendelea na India kulingana na [[mkataba wa urafiki]] wa tarehe [[8 Agosti]] [[1949]], uliorekebishwa mwaka 2007. Tarehe [[21 Septemba]] [[1971]], Bhutan ilipokewa rasmi kama nchi mwanachama wa [[UM]]. == Siasa == Bhutan ni ufalme wa kikatiba tangu mwaka 2008. Mfalme ni Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck (tawala tangu 2006), na Waziri Mkuu ni Tshering Tobgay (tangu 28 Januari 2024). Bunge lina chumba kimoja (National Assembly) na wanachama huchaguliwa kwa uchaguzi wa kidemokrasia. == Wakazi na Utamaduni == [[Picha:Bhutan man.jpg|thumb|left|Mbhutan]] [[Picha:Bhutan-masked-dance.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ngoma]] ya [[kinyago]] ya Bhutan]] Wakhazi wengi wa Bhutan (kundi la Ngalop na Sharchop) wana asili ya Kibuddha na karibu kiutamaduni na watu wa [[Tibet]]. Wao hufuata [[dini]] ya [[Ubuddha]] (takriban 75%), ambayo ndiyo [[dini rasmi]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kidzongkha]], ingawa lugha zaidi ya 20 hutumika nchini. Watu wa kusini (Lhotshampa) wana asili ya Kinepali na hufuata [[Uhindu]] (takriban 23%). Bhutan inajitahidi kulinda utamaduni wake na mazingira. Hadi mwaka [[1974]], [[watalii]] hawakuruhusiwa kutembelea nchi; sasa utalii unaruhusiwa lakini chini ya sheria kali za kulinda mazingira na utamaduni. == Tazama pia == * [[Orodha ya nchi kufuatana na wakazi]] * [[Ufalme wa Bhutan katika Michezo ya Olimpiki]] == Marejeo == * {{Rejea kitabu |author = Karma Phuntsho | title = The History of Bhutan |publisher = Random House India |year = 2013 |isbn = 9788184003116 }} * {{Rejea tovuti | title = Bhutan Population (2026) |work = Worldometer |url = https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/bhutan-population/ |accessdate = 2026-10-08 }} * {{Rejea tovuti | title = India-Bhutan Relations |publisher = Ministry of External Affairs, India |url = https://www.mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/India-Bhutan-0726.pdf |accessdate = 2026-10-08 }} * {{Rejea tovuti | title = Tshering Tobgay |work = Wikipedia |url = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tshering_Tobgay |accessdate = 2026-10-08 }} * {{Rejea tovuti | title = Bhutan – Key Development Forecasts |publisher = International Futures (IFs) |url = https://www.congress.gov/crs_external_products/IF/HTML/IF10660.html |accessdate = 2026-10-08 }} == Viungo vya nje == {{commons}} * {{en}} [https://www.bhutan.gov.bt/ Tovuti rasmi ya Serikali ya Bhutan] * {{en}} [https://www.bhutantimes.com/ The Bhutan Times] * [https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bhutan/ Bhutan] – CIA World Factbook * [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12480707 Bhutan profile] – BBC News * [https://www.britannica.com/place/Bhutan Bhutan] – Encyclopædia Britannica * [https://www.tourism.gov.bt/ Tourism Council of Bhutan] {{Geographic location | Centre={{Flag|Bhutan}} | North={{Flag|China}} | East={{Flag|India}}/{{Flag|China}} | South={{Flag|India}} | West={{Flag|India}}([[Sikkim]]) }} {{Asia}} {{mbegu-jio-Asia}} [[Jamii:Bhutan]] [[Jamii:Nchi za Asia]] [[Jamii:Himalaya]] [[Jamii:Nchi]] mfdfpe836kag3x8nk9qkfo36hxr4kse 0 15868 1606488 1599137 2026-10-09T10:18:52Z PJ Geest 55178 Replace raster graph with SVG reconstruction: Oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve.svg 1606488 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Red White Blood cells.jpg|thumb|right|Picha ya darubini ya elektroni ya ukaguzi (SEM) ya seli nyekundu ya kawaida ya damu, chembe za kugandisha damu, na seli nyeupe za damu.]] [[Faili:Blutkreislauf.png|thumb|Mzunguko wa damu: Nyekundu = yenye oksijeni Buluu = bila oksijeni]] [[Faili:Humanbood600x.jpg|thumb|right|Damu ya binadamu iliyokuzwa mara 600]] [[Faili:320frogblood600x2.jpg|thumb|right|Damu ya chura iliyokuzwa mara 600]] [[Faili:320fishblood600x2.jpg|thumb|right|Damu ya samaki iliyokuzwa mara 600]] [[Faili:Bleeding finger.jpg|thumb||Damu ikitoka kwenye kidonda]] '''Damu''' (kutoka [[neno]] la [[Kiarabu]]) ni [[kiowevu]] katika [[mwili]] wa [[binadamu]] na [[wanyama]]. Inazunguka mwilini ndani ya [[mishipa ya damu]] ikisukumwa na [[moyo]] kwa lengo la kumwezesha kuishi. Kazi ya [[tishu]] hiyo ni kupeleka [[lishe]] na [[oksijeni]] kwa [[seli]] za mwili na kutoa [[daioksaidi ya kaboni]] pamoja na [[uchafu]] mwingine kutoka seli. Ndani ya damu kuna [[utegili (damu)|utegili]] (kwa [[Kiingereza]] ''plasma'') ambao ni kiowevu chake pamoja na [[seli za damu]] [[nyekundu]] na [[nyeupe]]. [[Seli nyekundu]] hubeba oksijeni wakati daioksaidi ya kaboni hubebwa na utegili. [[Seli nyeupe]] ni kama walinzi wa mwili wa kupambana na [[magonjwa]]. Pia kuna [[chembe sahani]]. Mtu mzima huwa na damu [[lita]] 6 mwilini. ==Muundo wa damu== Kati ya [[Vertebrata|viumbe wenye uti wa mgongo]], damu imetengenezwa kwa seli za damu zinazoelea katika [[Kiowevu|umajimaji]] unaoitwa [[plasma ya damu]]. Plasma, inayoundwa kwa 55% ya giligili ya damu, ambayo hasa ni maji (90% kwa kiasi), <ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood/blood.html | title = Blood – The Human Heart | accessdate = 19 March 2009 | author = The Franklin Institute Inc. | archivedate = 2009-03-05 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090305043654/http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood/blood.html }}</ref> na ina [[protini]], [[glukosi]], [[ioni]] za [[madini]], [[homoni]], [[Dioksidi kabonia|dioksidi ya kaboni]] (Plasma ikiwa ndiyo chombo kikuu cha usafirishaji wa bidhaa taka), [[chembe za kugandisha damu]] na seli za damu zenyewe. Seli za damu zilizo kwenye damu hasa ni seli nyekundu za damu (zinazofahamika pia kama RBC yaani Red Blood Cells au erithrosaiti) na seli nyeupe za damu, zikiwa pamoja na lukosaiti na chembe za kugandisha damu. Seli nyingi zaidi katika damu za wanyama wenye [[uti wa mgongo]] ni seli nyekundu za damu. Seli hizi zina himoglobini, protini yenye [[Chuma|madini ya chuma]], ambayo huwezesha usafirishaji wa [[oksijeni]] kwa kujiunganisha kwa hali ya kujirudia na gesi hii ya kupumua na kuongeza kwa kiasi kikubwa umumunyifu wake katika damu. Kwa upande mwingine, dioksidi ya kaboni inasafirishwa karibu kabisa nje ya seli ikiwa imeyeyushwa ndani ya plazma kama ioni ya bikaboneti. Damu ya wanyama wenye uti wa mgongo huwa nyekundu yenye kung'aa wakati ambapo himoglobini yake imewekewa oksijeni. Wanyama wengine, kama vile [[krusteshia]] na [[moluska]], hutumia hemosianini kubeba oksijeni, badala ya himoglobini. [[Wadudu]] na baadhi ya moluska hutumia ugiligili unaoitwa hemolimfu badala ya damu, tofauti ikiwa kwamba hemolimfu haipatikani katika mfumo wa [[usambazaji]] uliofungwa. Katika wadudu wengi, "damu" hii haina molekuli zinazobeba oksijeni kama vile himoglobini kwa sababu miili yao ni midogo na hivyo mfumo wao wa kupumua unatosha kusambaza oksijeni. Wanyama wenye uti wa mgongo na walio pia na [[taya]] wana [[Mfumo wa kingamaradhi]] unaotegemea kwa kiasi kikubwa seli nyeupe za damu. Seli hizo husaidia kupinga maambukizi na [[vimelea]]. Chembe za kugandisha damu ni muhimu katika ugandishaji wa damu. <ref>{{cite book | last = Maton | first = Anthea | coauthors = Jean Hopkins, Charles William McLaughlin, Susan Johnson, Maryanna Quon Warner, David LaHart, Jill D. Wright | title = Human Biology and Health | url = https://archive.org/details/humanbiologyheal00scho | publisher = Prentice Hall | year = 1993 | location = Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA | isbn = 0-13-981176-1}} </ref> [[Arithropodi|Athropodi]], zinazotumia himolimfu, zina hemosaiti kama sehemu ya mfumo wao wa kinga. Damu inasambazwa mwilini kupitia mishipa ya damu kutokana na usukumaji wa [[Moyo|moyo.]] Katika wanyama wenye [[mapafu]], damu kutoka kwa ateri hubeba oksijeni kutoka kwa hewa iliyovutwa hadi kwenye tishu za mwili, na damu kutoka kwa vena hubeba dioksidi ya kaboni, bidhaa taka zinazotokana na umetaboli, zinazozalishwa na [[seli]], kutoka kwa tishu hadi kwa [[mapafu]] ili zitolewe. Istilahi za uuguzi zinazohusiana na damu mara nyingi huanza kwa ''hemo-'' au ''hemato-'' (pia inaandikwa ''haemo-'' na ''haemato-'') kutoka neno la [[Kigiriki cha Kale]] αἷμα, ''haima'' yenye maana ya "damu". Kwa upande wa [[anatomia]] na [[histolojia]], damu inafikiriwa kama muundo maalum wa tishu unganifu, kutokana na asili yake ya mifupa na uwepo wa nyuzi zenye mfumo wa fibrinojeni. ==Kazi== [[Faili:1GZX Haemoglobin.png|right|thumb|Himoglobinikijani = kikundi cha heme nyekundu &amp; buluu = visehemu vya protini]] [[Faili:Heme.svg|right|thumb|Heme]] Damu hufanya kazi nyingi muhimu katika mwili, zikiwemo: * Upelekaji wa [[oksijeni]] kwenye tishu (zilizoungana na himoglobini, ambayo hubebwa kwenye seli nyekundu) * Ugavi wa virutubishi kama vile glukosi, amino asidi, na asidi zenye mafuta (zilizoyeyushwa kwenye damu au zimeungana na protini za plazma (kwa mfano, lipidi za damu) * Uondoaji wa taka kama vile [[Dioksidi kabonia|dioksidi ya kaboni]], urea, na asidi ya maziwa yaliyochachuka * Kazi za kukinga mwili, ikiwa ni pamoja na mzunguko wa seli nyeupe za damu, na utambuzi wa vifaa vya nje kupitia zindiko * Kuganda, ambayo ni sehemu moja ya utaratibu wa kujirekebisha kwa mwili (ambapo damu huganda wakati mtu anapokatwa ili kuziba kutoka kwa damu) * Kazi za mjumbe, ikiwa ni pamoja na usafirishaji wa homoni na kutoa ishara ya uharibifu wa tishu * Udhibiti wa [[Thamani pH|pH]](kiwango cha uasidi au ualikali) mwilini * Udhibiti wa kiwango cha joto mwilini * Kazi za mwendo wa maji ==Vipengele vya damu ya binadamu== [[Faili:Blut-EDTA.jpg|upright|thumb|Neli mbili za EDTA-damu isiyoganda. Neli ya kushoto: baada ya kusimama, RBC zinakusanyika katika sehemu ya chini ya neli. Neli ya kulia: yenye damu mbichi iliyotoka kutolewa.]] Damu inachangia 8% ya [[uzito]] wa mwili wa binadamu,<ref name="alberts_table">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Search&db=books&doptcmdl=GenBookHL&rid=mboc4.table.4143|title=Leukocyte functions and percentage breakdown|accessdate=2007-04-14|publisher=NCBI Bookshelf|year=2005|author=Alberts, Bruce|work=Molecular Biology of the Cell|archive-date=2018-12-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216150818/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books?cmd=Search&doptcmdl=GenBookHL&rid=mboc4.table.4143|url-status=dead}}</ref> ulio na uzito wastani wa 1060 kg/ m ^3, inakaribiana sana na uzito wa maji safi ya 1000 kg/m^3. <ref>{{cite web | url = http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2004/MichaelShmukler.shtml | title = Density of Blood | accessdate = 2006-10-04 | year = 2004 | work=The Physics Factbook|last=Shmukler|first=Michael }}</ref> Mtu mzima wa kadiri ana kiasi cha damu cha kama [[lita]] 5 (1.3 gal), linalojumuisha plazma na aina kadhaa za seli (zinazoitwa mara kwa mara ''chembedamu);'' elementi hizi zilizoundwa kutoka kwa damu ni chembechembe nyekundu (seli nyekundu za damu), lukosaiti (seli nyeupe za damu), na thrombositi (chembe za kugandisha damu). Kwa kiasi, seli nyekundu za damu huchangia takribani 45% ya damu yote, plazma takribani 54.3%, na seli nyeupe takribani 0.7%. Damu yote (plazma na seli) huonyesha sifa zisizofuata sheria za giligili za [[Newton Issack|Newton]]; sifa zake za kutiririka hubadilika ili kutiririka ipasavyo kupitia mishipa midogo ya damu kwa upinzani mdogo zaidi kuliko plazma ikiwa peke yake. Aidha, kama himoglobini yote ya binadamu ingekuwa huru katika plazma badala ya kuwekwa kwenye RBCs, giligili za mzunguko ungenata sana na kufikia kiwango ambapo unazuia utendakazi bora wa mfumo wa moyo na mishipa. ===Seli=== [[Mikrolita]] moja ya damu ina: *''Chembechembe nyekundu za damu'' milioni 4.7 hadi 6.1 (za kiume), milioni 4.2 hadi 5.4 (za kike): <ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003644.htm#Normal%20Values |title = Medical Encyclopedia: RBC count|publisher = Medline Plus|accessdate = 18 November 2007 }}</ref> Katika [[mamalia]] wengi, seli nyekundu za damu zilizokomaa zinakosa kiini na oganeli. Zina himogloboni za damu na husambaza oksijeni. Seli nyekundu za damu (pamoja na seli za vyombo vya endotheli na seli nyingine) pia zimetiwa alama na glaikoprotini ambazo zinatambulisha aina za damu tofauti. Kiwango cha damu kinachomilikiwa na seli nyekundu za damu kinajulikana kama hematokriti, na kwa kawaida ni takriban 45% ya damu. Ukubwa wa eneo la seli zote nyekundu za damu katika mwili wa binadamu zikiwekwa pamoja utakuwa takribani mara 2,000 kubwa zaidi ya sehemu ya nje ya mwili.<ref>{{cite book |author=Robert B. Tallitsch; Martini, Frederic; Timmons, Michael J. |title=Human anatomy |publisher=Pearson/Benjamin Cummings |location=San Francisco |year=2006 |page=529 |isbn=0-8053-7211-3 |edition=5th}}</ref> *''Lukosaiti 4,000 hadi 11,000:'' <ref name="Ganong WF">{{cite book |author=Ganong, William F. |title=Review of medical physiology |url=https://archive.org/details/reviewmedicalphy00gano |publisher=Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill |location=New York |year=2003 |page=[https://archive.org/details/reviewmedicalphy00gano/page/n517 518] |isbn=0-07-121765-7 |edition=21}}</ref> Seli nyeupe za damu ni sehemu ya mfumo wa kinga; zinaangamiza na kuondoa seli nzee au potovu na mabaki ya chembechembe, na pia hushambulia vikolezo vinavyoleta maambukizi (visababisha magonjwa) na dutu za kigeni. Kansa ya lukosaiti inaitwa lukemia. *''Thrombosaiti 200,000 hadi 500,000:'' <ref name="Ganong WF"></ref> thrombosaiti, ambazo pia hujulikana kama chembe za kugandisha damu, zina jukumu kugandisha damu (ugandishaji). Hubadilisha fibrinojeni iwe fibrini. Fibrini hii inaunda wavu ambayo seli nyekundu za damu hukusanyika juu yake na kuganda na hii kuzuia damu zaidi kutoka kwenye mwili na pia husaidia kuzuia bakteria kuingia mwili. {| class="wikitable" align="right" |+ Maumbile ya damu ya kawaida |- !Kigezo !Thamani |- | Hematokriti | 45 ± 7 (38-52%) kwa wanaume<br>42 ± 5 (37-47%) kwa wanawake |- | [[Thamani pH|pH]] | 7.35-7.45 |- | wigo besi | -3 Na 3 |- | P [[Oksijeni|O ₂]] | 10-13 kPa (8-10 mm Hg) |- | P [[Dioksidi kabonia|CO ₂]] | 4.8-5.8 kPa (35-45 mm Hg) |- | HCO ₃ ^- | 21-27 mm |- | Ulowesh(w)aji wa Oksijeni | Iliyowekwa oksijeni: 98-99%<br>Iliyoondolewa Oksijeni: 75% |} ===Plazma=== Takribani 55% ya damu yote ni plazma ya damu, giligili ambalo ni chombo cha majimaji cha damu ambalo lina [[rangi]] ya [[manjano]] ya [[nyasi]]. Kiasi cha jumla cha plazma ya damu katika mwili wa binadamu wastani ni [[lita]] 2.7 hadi 3.0. Kimsingi, ni mchanganyiko wa [[maji]] (92%) na [[protini]] (8%) na viwango vidogo vya vitu vingine. Plazma hueneza virutubishi vilivyoyeyushwa, kama vile [[glukosi]], [[asidi za amino]], na asidi zenye mafuta (zilizoyeyushwa kwenye damu au zilizoshikana na protini za plazma), na huondoa bidhaa za taka, kama vile [[Dioksidi kabonia|oksidi ya kaboni]], [[urea]], na asidi ya maziwa yaliyochachuka. Sehemu nyingine muhimu ni pamoja na: * Albumini ya majimaji ya damu * Vipengele vya kugandisha damu (ili kuwezesha ugandishaji) * Globulini zinazokinga maradhi (kingamwili) * Chembe za lipoprotini * [[Protini]] nyingine * Elektrolaiti mbalimbali (hasa [[Natiri|sodiamu]] na kloridi) Neno ''seramu (majimaji ya damu)'' inarejelea plazma ambayo imetolewa protini za kuganda. Nyingi kati ya protini zilizobaki ni albumini na globulini zinazokinga [[maradhi]]. ===Kadiri ndogo ya thamani za pH=== [[Thamani pH|pH]] ya damu inadhibitiwa ili ibaki katika kadiri ndogo ya 7.35 hadi 7.45, na hivyo kuifanya alikalini kiasi. <ref name="Waugh">{{cite book|last1=Waugh|first1=Anne|last2=Grant|first2=Allison|title=Anatomy ans Physiology in Health and Illness|publisher=Churchill Livingstone Elsevier|date=2007|edition=Tenth |pages=22|chapter=2|isbn=978 0 443 10102 1}}</ref> <ref name="ReferenceA">{{MerckManual|12|157|a||Acid-Base Regulation and Disorders}}</ref> Damu iliyo na pH chini ya 7.35 ni ya asidi mno, huku pH ya damu iliyo juu ya 7.45 ni ya alkali mno. pH ya damu, sehemu ya shinikizo la oksijeni (po _2), sehemu ya shinikizo la dioksidi ya kaboni (pCO _2), na ₃ HCO zinadhibitiwa kwa makini kupitia taratibu kadhaa za homiostasisi, ambazo hutumia uwezo wao hasa kupitia mfumo wa upumuaji na mfumo wa mkojo ili kudhibiti usawa wa msingi wa asidi na kupumua. Gesi ya damu ya ateri itapima vitu hivi. Plazma pia huzungusha homoni na kupeleka ujumbe wao kwa tishu mbalimbali. Orodha ya kadiri za kurejelea za kawaida za elektrolaiti mbalimbali ni ndefu. Mifupa hasa huathiriwa na pH ya damu kwa kuwa mara kwa mara hutumika kama chanzo cha madini kwa kukinga pH. Kula kiasi kikubwa cha protini za wanyama na protini ya mimea huhusishwa na kupotea kwa mifupa kwa [[wanawake]]. <ref>{{cite journal |author=Sellmeyer DE, Stone KL, Sebastian A, Cummings SR |title=A high ratio of dietary animal to vegetable protein increases the rate of bone loss and the risk of fracture in postmenopausal women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group |journal=Am. J. Clin. Nutr. |volume=73 |issue=1 |pages=118–22 |year=2001 |month=January |pmid=11124760 |doi= |url=http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/73/1/118}}</ref> ===Damu katika wanyama wenye uti wa mgongo wasio binadamu=== Damu ya binadamu inafanana na ile ya mamalia, ingawa maelezo sahihi kuhusu idadi ya seli, ukubwa, muundo wa protini na kadhalika, huwa tofauti kiasi kati ya aina tofauti ya mamalia. Hata hivyo, kati ya wanyama wenye uti wa mgongo wasio katika kategoria ya mamalia, kuna tofauti kadhaa muhimu: <ref name="VB">{{cite book |author=Romer, Alfred Sherwood|author2=Parsons, Thomas S.|year=1977 |title=The Vertebrate Body |url=https://archive.org/details/vertebratebody0000rome_a5a9|publisher=Holt-Saunders International |location= Philadelphia, PA|pages= [https://archive.org/details/vertebratebody0000rome_a5a9/page/404 404]–406|isbn= 0-03-910284-X}}</ref> * Seli za damu za wanyama wenye uti wa mgongo wasio mamalia zimetandazwa na zina umbo la yai, na huhifadhi viini vya seli zao * Kuna tofauti kubwa katika aina na idadi ya seli nyeupe za damu; kwa mfano, asidofili kwa jumla hupatikana zaidi kuliko kwa binadamu * Chembe za kugandisha damu zinapatikana tu kwa mamalia; katika wanyama wengine wenye uti wa mgongo, seli ndogo, zenye kiini, za spindu zinashughulikia kuganda kwa damu badala yake ==Fiziolojia== ===Mfumo wa moyo na mishipa=== [[Faili:Diagram of the human heart (cropped).svg|thumb|Mzunguko wa damu kupitia moyo wa binadamu]] {{main|Mfumo wa mzunguko wa damu}} Damu husambazwa mwilini kupitia vyombo vya damu kwa msukumo wa [[moyo]]. Kwa binadamu, damu husukumwa kutoka ventrikuli thabiti ya kushoto ya moyo na kupitia ateri hadi tishu za pembeni na hurudi kwa atiria ya moyo kupitia mshipa. Baadaye huingia kwenye ventrikali ya kulia kupitia ateri ya mapafu na husukumwa kwa [[mapafu]] na kurudi kwenye atiria ya kushoto kupitia mshipa wa mapafu. Damu kisha inaingia katika ventrikali ya kushoto ili isambazwe tena. Damu ya ateri hubeba oksijeni kutoka kwa hewa iliyovutwa ndani hadi kwa seli zote za mwili, na damu ya vena hubeba dioksidi ya kaboni, bidhaa taka ya metaboli ya [[seli]], hadi kwa mapafu ili itolewe nje. Hata hivyo, tofauti moja ni ile ya ateri ya mapafu, iliyo na damu isiyo na oksijeni zaidi mwenye mwili, huku vena za zikiwa na damu yenye oksijeni. Mtiririko wa ziada wa kurudi unaweza kutokana na kusongezwa kwa misuli ya kiunzi cha mifupa ambazo zinaweza kubana vena na kusukuma damu kupitia vali katika vena kuelekea ateri ya kulia. Mzunguko wa damu ulielezwa kwa umaarufu na William Harvey katika mwaka wa 1628. <ref>{{cite web|title = [[Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus]]|url = http://www.rarebookroom.org/Control/hvyexc/index.html|first = William|last = Harvey|authorlink = William Harvey|language = Latin|year = 1628|accessdate = 2014-06-01|archive-date = 2010-11-27|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101127002138/http://rarebookroom.org/Control/hvyexc/index.html|url-status = dead}}</ref> ===Uzalishaji na uchakaaji wa seli za damu=== Katika wanyama wenye uti wa mgongo, seli mbalimbali za damu huundwa katika uboho kupitia mchakato unaoitwa hematopoiesia, unaohusisha erithropoesisi, uzalishaji wa seli nyekundu za damu, na mielopesisi, uzalishaji wa seli nyeupe za damu na chembe za kugandisha damu. Wakati wa utotoni, karibu kila mfupa wa binadamu huzalisha seli nyekundu za damu. Katika utu uzima, uzalishaji wa seli nyekundu za damu unafanywa na mifupa mikubwa pekee: miili ya wanyama wenye uti wa mgongo, mfupa wa kidari (sternum), ya mbavu, ya fupanyonga, na mifupa ya sehemu za juu za mikono na miguu. Tukiongezea katika kipindi cha utotoni, tezi la thaimasi, linalopatikana katika mediastinamu, ni chanzo muhimu cha limfosaiti. <ref>{{cite book |author=Williams, Peter W.; Gray, Henry David |title=Gray's anatomy |url=https://archive.org/details/graysanatomy0000gray_m7a1 |publisher=C. Livingstone |location=New York |year=1989 |isbn=0-443-02588-6 |edition=37th}}</ref> Sehemu ya damu yenye protini (ikiwemo protini za kugandisha) huzalishwa hasa na ini, huku homoni zikizalishwa na tezi za mfumo wa mwili na sehemu ya majimaji hudhibitiwa na haipothalamasi na kudumishwa na [[figo]]. Erithrosaiti zenye afya zina maisha ya plazma ya takribani siku 120 kabla hazijadunishwa na wengu, na seli za Kupffer katika [[ini]]. Ini pia huondoa baadhi ya protini, lipidi, na amino asidi. Figo huondoa bidhaa taka na kuzipeleka kwenye mkojo. ===Usafirishaji wa oksijeni === [[Faili:Oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve.svg|thumb|Pindo msingi la uloweshwaji wa himoglobini unasongezwa upande wa kulia katika hali ya kiwango cha juu cha asidi (kiwango cha juu zaidi cha dioksidi ya kaboni) na upande wa kushoto katika hali ya kiwango cha chini cha asidi (kiwango cha chini zaidi cha dioksidi ya kaboni)]] Kadiri 98.5% ya [[Oksijeni|oksijeni]] katika sampuli ya damu ya ateri katika binadamu mwenye [[afya]] anayepumua kwa kanieneo ya [[bahari]] hushikanishwa kikemikali pamoja na Hgb (Himoglobini). Kadiri 1.5% imeyeyushwa kimwili katika majimaji zingine za damu na haijaunganishwa na Hgb. Molekuli ya himoglobini ndiyo kisafirishaji kikuu cha oksijeni katika miili ya mamalia na aina nyingine nyingi (kwa wanyama wenye mfumo tofauti, angalia hapo chini). Himoglobini ina uwezo wa kuunganisha oksijeni wa kati ya 1.36 na 1.37 ml O ₂ kwa gramu ya Himoglobini, <ref>{{cite journal |author=Dominguez de Villota ED, Ruiz Carmona MT, Rubio JJ, de Andrés S |title=Equality of the in vivo and in vitro oxygen-binding capacity of haemoglobin in patients with severe respiratory disease |journal=Br J Anaesth |volume=53 |issue=12 |pages=1325–8 |year=1981 |month=December |pmid=7317251 |doi= 10.1093/bja/53.12.1325|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_british-journal-of-anaesthesia_1981-12_53_12/page/1325}}</ref> ambayo huongeza ujumla wa uwezo wa oksijeni ya damu mara sabini, <ref name="brsphys">{{cite book |author=Costanzo, Linda S. |title=Physiology |url=https://archive.org/details/physiology00cost_0 |publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins |location=Hagerstwon, MD |year=2007 |pages= |isbn=0-7817-7311-3 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> ikilinganishwa na ikiwa oksijeni pekee ingebebwa kwa umumunyifu wake wa O 0.03 mL kwa lita ₂ ya damu kwa sehemu ya shinikizo ya mmHg ya oksijeni (takriban 100 mmHg katika ateri). <ref name="brsphys"></ref> Isipokuwa ateri za mapafu na kitovu na vena zao husika, ateri hubeba damu yenye oksijeni kutoka kwa [[moyo]] na kuipeleka kwa mwili kupitia viateri na mishipa ya damu, ambapo oksijeni hutumika; baadaye, venali, na mishipa hubeba damu isiyo na oksijeni na kuirudisha kwa moyo. Katika hali ya kawaida kwa binadamu anayepumzika, himoglobini kwenye damu inayotoka kwenye mapafu ina ukolezo wa kama 98-99% wa oksijeni. Kwa mtu mzima mwenye afya anayepumzika, damu ''isiyo na oksijeni'' inayorudi kwenye mapafu bado ina ukolezo wa takribani 75%. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://home.hia.no/~stephens/ventphys.htm |title=Upitishaji hewa safi na Utendaji wa Uvumilivu |accessdate=2014-06-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100323054138/http://home.hia.no/~stephens/ventphys.htm |archivedate=2010-03-23 }}</ref> <ref>[http://groups.msn.com/TransplantSupportLungHeartLungHeart/oxygen2.msnw Msaada kuhusu upandikizaji- Mapafu, Moyo/Mapafu, Moyo] {{Wayback|url=http://groups.msn.com/TransplantSupportLungHeartLungHeart/oxygen2.msnw |date=20040224085741 }} vikundi vya MSN</ref> Ongezeko la matumizi ya oksijeni wakati wa mazoezi yanayoendelea hupunguza uloweshwaji wa oksijeni kwenye damu ndani ya vena, ambayo inaweza kufikia chini ya 15% katika mwanariadha aliyepitia mafunzo; ingawa kiwango cha kupumua na mtiririko wa damu huongezeka ili kuifidia, uloweshwaji wa oksijeni kwenye damu ndani ya ateri unaweza kushuka hadi 95% au chini zaidi chini ya hali hii. <ref>{{cite journal |author=Mortensen SP, Dawson EA, Yoshiga CC, ''et al.'' |title=Limitations to systemic and locomotor limb muscle oxygen delivery and uptake during maximal exercise in humans |journal=J. Physiol. (Lond.) |volume=566 |issue=Pt 1 |pages=273–85 |year=2005 |month=July |pmid=15860533 |pmc=1464731 |doi=10.1113/jphysiol.2005.086025 }}</ref> Uloweshwaji wa oksijeni ulio chini hivi ni hatari kwa mtu aliyepumzika (kwa mfano, wakati wa upasuaji akiwa ametiwa ganzi. Haipoksia inayoendelea (uwekaji oksijeni ulio chini ya 90%), ni hatari kwa afya, na haipoksia kali (uloweshwaji wa chini ya 30%) unaweza kusababisha kifo ghafla. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.manbit.com/PAC/chapters/P30.cfm |title=Mwongozo wa 'St George' kuhusu Katheta ya Ateri ya Mapafu |accessdate=2014-06-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925053056/http://manbit.com/PAC/chapters/P30.cfm |archivedate=2010-09-25 }}</ref> Kijusi, kinachopokea oksijeni kupitia kondo, kinafikia kiwango cha chini zaidi cha shinikizo la oksijeni (kama 21% ya kiwango kinachopatikana katika mapafu ya mtu mzima), na hivyo, vijusi huzalisha aina nyingine ya himoglobini yenye mvuto wa juu zaidi kwa oksijeni (Himoglobini F ) ili kufanya kazi katika hali hii. <ref>[43] ^ [https://web.archive.org/web/19990502195422/http://members.aol.com/Bio50/LecNotes/lecnot20.html Ubebaji wa Oksijeni katika Damu - Sehemu za juu kulingana na bahari]</ref> ===Usafirishaji wa dioksidi ya kaboni=== Wakati damu inapotiririka kupitia mishipa, dioksidi ya kaboni huenea kutoka kwa tishu hadi kwenye damu. Kiasi kingine cha dioksidi ya kaboni huyeyushwa kwenye damu. Sehemu ya CO ₂ huathiriwa na himoglobini na protini zingine na kuunda michanganyiko ya kaboni na amino. Dioksidi ya kaboni iliyobaki inabadilishwa kuwa bikaboneti na ioni za haidrojeni kupitia kitendo cha RBC cha kiondoa maji cha kaboni. Kiasi kikubwa cha dioksidi ya kaboni kinasafirishwa kupitia damu katika muundo wa ioni za bikaboneti. [[Dioksidi kabonia|Dioksidi ya kaboni]] (CO _2), bidhaa kuu taka kutoka kwa seli hubebwa katika damu ikiwa hasa imeyeyushwa kwenye plazma, kwa kiasi sawa na bikaboneti (HCO ₃ ^-) na asidi ya kaboni (H ₂ CO _3). 86-90% ya CO ₂ katika mwili hubadilishwa kuwa asidi ya kaboni, ambayo inaweza kubadilika haraka kuwa bikaboneti, ulinganifu wa kemikali ukiwa muhimu katika ukingaji wa pH ya plazma. <ref name="veq"> [http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/medph/intro.html Biology.arizona.edu]. Oktoba 2006. ''Uwiano wa kliniki wa viwango vya pH: bikaboneti kama kinga.'' </ref> [[Thamani pH|pH]] ya damu huwekwa katika kadiri ndogo (pH ya kati ya 7.35 na 7.45). <ref name="ReferenceA"></ref> ===Usafirishaji wa ioni za haidrojeni=== Kiasi fulani cha oksihimoglobini hupoteza oksijeni na kuwa dioksihimoglobini. Dioksihimoglobini huunganisha idadi kubwa ya ioni za haidrojeni kwa kuwa ina mvuto zaidi kwa haidrojeni zaidi kuliko oksihimoglobini. ===Mfumo wa limfatiki=== {{main|Mfumo wa limfu}} Kwa mamalia, damu ina ulinganifu na limfatiki, ambayo huendelea kuundwa katika tishu kutoka kwa damu na kwa uchujaji wa kupita kiasi wa mshipa mdogo wa damu. Limfatiki hukusanywa kupitia mfumo wa vyombo vidogo vya limfatiki na kuelekezwa kwa mchirizi wa kifua, ambayo huielekeza katika machafu katika mshipa wa subklavia wa kushoto ambapo limfatiki huungana na mfumo wa mzunguko wa damu. ===Udhibiti wa joto=== Mzunguko wa damu husafirisha joto, katika mwili na marekebisho haya ni sehemu muhimu ya udhibiti wa joto. Kuongeza mtiririko wa damu hadi kwenye sehemu ya juu (kwa mfano, wakati wa msimu wa joto au zoezi linalotumia nguvu) husababisha ngozi kupata joto, na hivyo kusababisha upoteaji wa joto kwa kasi. Kwa upande mwingine, wakati kiwango cha halijoto cha nje ni cha chini, utiririkaji wa damu kwa ncha na upande wa juu wa ngozi hupunguka na ili kuzuia joto upoteaji wa joto na husambazwa zaidi kwa viungo muhimu vya mwili. ===Kazi ya Nguvumaji=== Uzuiaji wa mtiririko wa damu pia unaweza kutumika katika tishu maalum kusababisha ujazaji kwa damu unaosababisha usimikaji wa tishu hiyo, mifano ni tishu ya usimikaji katika uume na kisimi. Mfano mwingine wa kazi ya nguvumaji ni buibui inayoruka, ambapo damu iliyolazimishwa kuelekea kwenye miguu chini ya shinikizo husababisha inyooke kwa nguvu na hivyo kuifanya iruke, bila haja ya kuwa na miguu minene yenye misuli. <ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url = http://www.britannica.com/eb/topic-559817/spider |encyclopedia = Encyclopedia Britannica online|title = Spiders: circulatory system|accessdate= 2007-11-25}}</ref> ===Wanyama wasio na uti wa mgongo=== Kati ya [[wadudu]], damu (ambayo inaitwa vizuri zaidi hemolimfu) haihusishwi katika usafirishaji wa oksijeni (mianya inayoitwa bomba za pumzi huruhusu oksijeni kutoka kwa hewa kuenea moja kwa moja hadi kwenye tishu). Damu ya wadudu husafirisha virutubisho hadi kwenye tishu na huondoa bidhaa taka katika mfumo wazi. Wanyama wengine wasio na uti wa mgongo hutumia protini za kupumua ili kuongeza uwezo wa kubeba oksijeni. Himoglobini ndiyo protini ya kupumua inayopatkana sana katika mazingira asili. Himosianini (buluu) ina [[shaba]] na inapatikana katika krasteshia na moluska. Inadhaniwa kwamba tuniketi (mnyama wa baharini anayetoa maji kupitia tundu mbili anapoguswa) anaweza kutumia vanabini ([[protini]] zenye [[Vanadi|vanadiamu)]] kwa [[pigmenti]] ya kupumua (kijani-ng'avu, buluu, au rangi ya machungwa). Kati ya wanyama wengi wasio na uti wa mgongo, protini hizi za kubeba oksijeni huyeyuka kwa urahisi katika damu; kati ya wanyama wenye uti wa mgongo zinapatikana katika seli maalumu nyekundu za damu, zinazoruhusu ukolezi wa juu zaidi wa pigmenti za kupumua bila kuongeza mnato au kuharibu viungo vinavyochuja damu kama vile figo. [[Minyoo]] wakubwa huwa na himoglobini zisizo za kawaida zinazowaruhusu kuishi katika mazingira yasiyo ya kawaida. Himoglobini hizi pia hubeba salfaidi ambazo kwa kawaida ni hatari kwa wanyama wengine. ==Rangi== ===Himoglobini=== [[Faili:Bleeding finger.jpg|thumb|Damu ya mishipa kutoka kwenye kidole kinachotoa damu]] [[Faili:Bloodbags.jpg|thumb|Damu ya vena iliyokusanywa wakati wa uchangaji wa damu]] Himoglobini ndiyo chanzo kikuu cha rangi ya damu katika wanyama wenye uti wa mgongo. Kila molekuli ina makundi manne ya heme, na mwingiliano wao na molekuli mbalimbali hubadili rangi halisi. Kati ya wanyama wenye uti wa mgongo na viumbe vingine vinavyotumia himoglobini, damu ya ateri na damu kutoka kwa mishipa ni mwekundu wenye kung'aa, kwa kuwa oksijeni huipa kikundi cha heme rangi nyekundu iliyokoza. Damu isiyo na oksijeni huwa ni nyekundu iliyokoza zaidi; hii inapatikana katika vena, na inaweza kuonekana wakati wa uchangiaji wa damu na wakati sampuli za damu kutoka kwa vena zinapochukuliwa. Damu iliyopata yenye sumu ya monoksidi ya kaboni ni nyekundu inayoyong'aa, kwa sababu monoksidi ya kaboni husababisha uundaji wa kaboksihimoglobini. Katika sumu ya sianidi, mwili haiwezi kutumia oksijeni, kwa hivyo damu ya vena bado hubaki ikiwa na oksijeni na hivyo kuongeza wekundu. Ingawa damu yenye himoglobini kamwe haiwi na rangi ya buluu, kuna hali kadhaa na magonjwa ambapo rangi ya makundi ya heme hufanya ngozi ionekane ikiwa na rangi ya buluu. Ikiwa heme imewekewa oksijeni, methimoglobini, ambayo ni ya kahawia zaidi na haiwezi kusafirisha oksijeni, inaundwa. Katika hali isiyo ya kawaida ya salfahemoglobinemia, sehemu ya himoglobini ya ateri huwekwa oksijeni, na huonekana kuwa na rangi nyekundu iliyokoza na rangi ya bluu (sainosisi). Vena katika ngozi huonekana kuwa na rangi ya bluu kutokana na sababu mbalimbali ambazo hutegemea rangi ya damu kwa kiwango kidogo pekee. Kujitokeza kwa sehemu nyeupe kwenye ngozi na uchakataji maono ya rangi pia huchangia. <ref>{{cite journal|last=Kienle|first=Alwin|authorlink=|coauthors=Lothar Lilge, I. Alex Vitkin, Michael S. Patterson, Brian C. Wilson, Raimund Hibst, and Rudolf Steiner|date=March 1, 1996|title=Why do veins appear blue? A new look at an old question|journal=Applied Optics|volume=35|issue=7|pages=1151–60|url=http://www.imt.liu.se/edu/courses/TBMT36/pdf/blue.pdf|format=PDF|doi=10.1364/AO.35.001151|access-date=2014-06-01|archive-date=2012-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120210145120/https://www.imt.liu.se/edu/courses/TBMT36/pdf/blue.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Mjusi]] katika kundi la ''Prasinohaema'' huwa na damu ya kijani kutokana na mkusanyiko wa bidhaa taka inayoitwa bilivedini. <ref>{{cite journal |author=Austin CC, Perkins SL |title=Parasites in a biodiversity hotspot: a survey of hematozoa and a molecular phylogenetic analysis of Plasmodium in New Guinea skinks |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-parasitology_2006-08_92_4/page/770 |journal=J. Parasitol. |volume=92 |issue=4 |pages=770–7 |year=2006 |pmid=16995395 |doi=10.1645/GE-693R.1}}</ref> ===Himosianini=== Damu ya moluska wengi - ikiwa ni pamoja na [[sefalopodi]] na [[gastropodi]] - pamoja na baadhi ya wadudu, kama vile kaa aina ya Horseshoe, yenye rangi ya buluu, kwa kuwa ina protini za himosianini zenye ukolezi wa kama gramu 50 kwa lita. <ref name="AHC 2004 p276-7"></ref> Himosianini huwa haina rangi wakati haina oksijeni na ni buluu iliyokoza wakati inapoongezewa oksijeni. Damu inayozunguka ndani ya viumbe hawa, ambao kwa ujumla huishi katika mazingira baridi yenye mivuto ya chini ya oksijeni, huwa ni rangi ya kijivu-nyeupe hadi manjano hafifu, <ref name="AHC 2004 p276-7">{{cite book |url = http://books.google.com/?id=0OSAKny-6M4C&printsec=frontcover#PRA1-PA276,M1| first = Carl N |last = Shuster|editor = Shuster, Carl N, Jr; Barlow, Robert B; Brockmann, H. Jane |title = The American Horseshoe Crab|chapter = Chapter 11: A blue blood: the circulatory system|publisher =[[Harvard University Press]]|year = 2004|isbn = 0674011597 |pages = 276–7 }}</ref> na hugeuka kuwa buluu iliyokoza wakati inapoachwa wazi kwa oksijeni iliyo kwenye hewa, kama ilivyo wakati vinatoka damu. <ref name="AHC 2004 p276-7"></ref> Hii ni kutokana na mabadiliko ya rangi ya himosianini wakati inapoongezewa oksijeni. <ref name="AHC 2004 p276-7"></ref> Himosianini hubeba oksijeni katika giligili iliyo nje ya seli, ambayo ni tofauti na usafirishaji wa oksijeni ndani ya seli kwa mamalia kupitia himolobini katika RBC. <ref name="AHC 2004 p276-7"></ref> ==Maradhi== ===Matatizo makuu ya kiafya=== * Matatizo ya kiwango ** Jeraha linaweza kusababisha upotezaji wa damu kupitia kutoka damu. <ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood/blood.html|title = Blood - The Human heart|publisher = The Franklin Institute|accessdate = 19 March 2009|archivedate = 2009-03-05|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090305043654/http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/blood/blood.html}}</ref> Mtu mzima mwenye afya anaweza kupoteza karibu 20% ya kiasi cha damu (1 L) kabla ya dalili ya kwanza, kutotulia, kuanza, na 40% ya kiasi cha damu(2 L) kabla ya mshtuko. Thrombosaiti ni muhimu kwa ugandishaji na uundaji wa madonge ya damu, ambayo inaweza kusimamisha upotezaji wa damu. Majeraha mabaya kwa viungo vya ndani au kwa mifupa yanaweza kusababisha kutokwa na damu kwa ndani, ambayo wakati mwingine unaweza kuwa kali. ** Kuishiwa maji mwilini kunaweza kupunguza kiasi cha damu kwa kupunguza kiwango cha katika damu. Mara nadra, hii inaweza kusababisha mshtuko (isipokuwa katika kesi kali sana) lakini huweza kusababisha kupungua kwa shinikizo la damu kunakosababishwa na kusimama na kuzirai. * Matatizo ya mzunguko ** Mshtuko ni upiliziaji usio bora wa tishu, na unaweza kusababishwa na hali mbalimbali ikiwa ni pamoja na kupoteza damu, maambukizi, kupunguka kwa uwezo wa moyo wa kusukuma damu. ** Atherosklerosisi hupunguza mtiririko wa damu kupitia ateri, kwa sababu atheroma huziweka ateri kwenye mistari na kuzifanya nyembamba zaidi. Atheroma huendelea kuongezeka kulingana na umri na kuendelea kwake kunaweza kuhusishwa na sababu nyingi ikiwa ni pamoja na kuvuta sigara, shinikizo la damu, lipidi za ziada zinazozunguka (haipalipidemia), na [[kisukari]]. ** Ugandaji unaweza kuunda mvilio, ambao unaweza kuzuia [[tezi]]. ** Matatizo ya mchanganyko wa damu, kitendo cha kusukuma damu cha moyo, au wembamba wa mishipa ya damu kunaweza kuleta matokeo mengi ikiwa ni pamoja na haipoksia (ukosefu wa oksijeni) ya tishu zinazotolewa. Neno ''[[iskemia]]'' linarejelea tishu ambayo imefunikwa na damu, na ''infarction'' inarejelea kukufa kwa tishu (nekrosisi), ambako kunaweza kutokea wakati ugavi wa damu umezibwa (au ni duni sana). ===Matatizo ya kihematolojia=== * Upungufu wa damu mwilini ** Idadi ndogo ya seli nyekundu ([[anemia]]) inaweza kusababishwa na kutoka damu, matatizo ya damu kama vile thalasemia, au ukosefu wa virutubishi, na inaweza kuhitaji kuongezewa damu. Nchi kadhaa zina benki ya damu zinazokidhi mahitaji ya damu kwa damu inayoweza kuongezewa. Mtu anayepokea damu lazima awe na aina ya damu iliyo sambamba na ile ya mtoaji damu. ** [[Anemia Selimundu]] * Matatizo ya kuenea upesi kwa seli ** [[Lukemia]] ni kikundi cha [[saratani]] za tishu zinazounda damu. ** Uzalishaji wa seli nyingi nyekundu usiohusiana na kansa (erithremia) au uzalishaji wa chembe nyingi za kugandisha damu (thrombosaitosisi muhimu) kunaweza kusababisha kansa. ** Dalili za Mayelodisplastiki huhusisha uzalishaji duni wa jamii ya seli moja au zaidi. * Matatizo ya ugandishaji ** [[Himofilia]] ni ugonjwa wa kijenetikia unaosababisha utendakazi mbaya katika mojawapo kati ya mifumo ya ugandishaji wa damu. Hii inaweza kuruhusu majeraha ambayo kwa kawaida sio makuu yawe ya kutisha maisha, lakini kwa kawaida zaidi husababisha hemarthrosisi, au utokaji wa damu katika mianya ya maungo, ambao unaweza kusababisha ulemavu. ** Utendakazi mbaya au idadi ndogo ya chembe za kugandisha damu pia unaweza kusababisha ugonjwa wa kugandisha (magonjwa ya kutokwa damu). ** Hali ya kugandishwa damu (ugonjwa wa kuvilia) hutokana na kasoro katika udhibiti wa chembe za kugandisha damu au utendakazi wa kigandiza damu, na unaweza kusababisha mvilio. * Magonjwa ya kuambukizwa kwa damu ** Damu ni chombo kikubwa cha maambukizi. [[Virusi]] vya HIV vinavyosababisha [[UKIMWI]] huambukizwa kupitia mgusano na damu, [[shahawa]], au majimaji mengine yanayotoka mwilini mwa mtu aliyekwishaambukizwa. [[Homa ya manjano]] aina ya B na C husambazwa hasa kwa njia ya mgusano na damu. Kutokana na maambukizi yanayotokana na damu, vitu vilivyo na damu huchukuliwa kama bayohatari. ** Maambukizi ya bakteria kwenye damu ni uwepobakteria au sepsisi. Kuambukizwa virusi ni viremia. [[Malaria]] na [[malale]] ni maambukizi ya damu yanayotokana na [[vimelea]]. ===Usumisho wa monoksidi ya kaboni=== Dutu zingine bali na oksijeni zinaweza kuungana na himoglobini, wakati mwingine hali hii inaweza kuleta madhara yasiyoweza kubadilishwa kwa mwili. [[Monoksidi ya kaboni]], kwa mfano, ni hatari sana inapobebwa hadi kwenye damu kupitia mapafu kwa kuvuta pumzi, kwa sababu monoksidi ya kaboni hushikana kabisa na himoglobini na kuunda himoglobini kaboksili, hivi kwamba himoglobini kidogo zaidi ina uhuru wa kuungana na oksijeni, na hivyo kiwango cha chni zaidi cha oksijeni kinaweza kusafirishwa katika damu. Hali hii huweza kusababisha kukosekana kwa hewa kwa njia fichu. Moto katika chumba kilichofungwa na kisicho na tundu za kuingiza hewa ni hatari sana, kwa kuwa kinaweza kukusanya monoksidi ya kaboni katika hewa. Kiasi fulani cha monoksidi ya kaboni huungana na himoglobini wakati wa uvutaji wa [[tumbaku]]. ==Madawa ya tiba== ===Bidhaa za damu=== {{see|Utoaji damu}} Damu ya kuongezewa hutolewa kutoka kwa binadamu kwa [[uchangaji wa damu]] na kuhifadhiwa katika [[benki ya damu]]. Kuna aina nyingi za damu katika binadamu, mfumo wa kikundi cha damu cha ÅBO, pamoja na mfumo wa kikundi cha damu cha Rhesasi, ndiyo muhimu zaidi. Kuongezewa damu ya kikundi kisichokubaliana na kikundi kingine cha damu kunaweza kusababisha matatizo makali, ambayo mara nyingi ni mabaya, kwa hivyo ulinganishaji mtambuko hufanywa ili kuhakikisha kuwa bidhaa ya damu iliyo sambamba inaongezewa. Bidhaa zigine za damu zinazotolewa ndani ya vena ni chembe za kugandisha damu, plazma ya damu, krayopresipiteti, na vikolezo vya sababu maalum za kuganda. ===Utoaji wa ndani ya vena=== Aina nyingi za madawa (kutoka [[Antibaotiki|viua vijisumu]] hadi tibakemo) hutolewa ndani ya vena, kwa kuwa hazifyonzwi kwa urahisi au vya kutosha na njia ya utumbo. Baada ya upotezaji wa damu nyingi, michanganyiko iliyotegenezwa inayojulikana kama vipanua plazma vinaweza kutolewa ndani ya vena, ama michanganyiko ya chumvi (NaCl, KCl, CaCl ₂ n.k ..) katika viwango vya ukolezi vya kifisiolojia, au michanganyiko ya koloidi, kama vile dekstrani, albumini ya majimaji ya damu ya binadamu, au plazma-bichi iliyoganda. Katika hali hizi za dharura, kipanuzi cha plazma ni bora zaidi kwa michakato hii ya kuokoa maisha kuliko kuongezewa damu, kwa sababu metaboli ya seli nyekundu za damu zilizoongezwa hazianzi upya mara baada ya kuongezewa. ===Uondoaji wa damu=== Katika matibabu yenye misingi ya kisasa, uondoaji damu hutumika kudhibiti magonjwa yasiyo ya kawaida, ikiwa ni pamoja na hemokromatosia na kuongezeka kwa chembe nyekundu za damu. Hata hivyo, uondoaji wa damu na unyonyaji damu zilikuwa njia maarufu ambazo zilikuwa hazijahalalishwa zilizotumika hadi karne ya 19, kwa kuwa magonjwa mengi yalidhaniwa kimakosa kuwa yalitokana na kiwango cha juu cha damu, kulingana na matibabu ya Hippocrates. ==Historia== ===Tiba rasmi ya Ugiriki=== Katika tiba rasmi ya [[Ugiriki]], damu ilihusishwa na [[hewa]], [[majira ya kuchipua]], na [[silika ya uchangamfu]] ''(sanguine)''. Pia iliaminika kuwa zilizalishwa na [[ini]] pekee. ===Tiba ya Hipokrati=== Katika tiba ya [[Hippokrates|Hipokrati]], damu ilichukuliwa kama moja ya viowevu vinne, vingine vikiwa [[kohozi]], [[nyongo njano]], na [[nyongo nyeusi]]. ==Utamaduni na imani za dini== Kutokana na umuhimu wake katika [[maisha]], damu inahusishwa na idadi kubwa ya [[imani]]. Moja kati ya zile kuu zaidi ni matumizi ya damu kama [[alama]] ya mahusiano ya [[familia]] kupitia kuzaliwa / [[uzazi]]; kuwa na "uhusiano wa damu" ni kuhusiana kwa uzazi au [[nasaba]], badala ya [[ndoa]]. Hii huhusiana kwa karibu na [[ukoo]], na misemo kama vile "damu ni nzito kuliko maji", "damu mbaya" na pia "ndugu wa damu." Damu husisitizwa sana katika [[dini]] za Kiyahudi na Kikristo kwa sababu [[Walawi (Biblia)|Walawi]] 17:11 inasema "maisha ya [[Kiumbehai|kiumbe]] yamo katika damu." Fungu hili ni sehemu ya [[sheria]] ya Kilawi inayopinga unywaji wa damu au ulaji wa [[nyama]] ambayo bado ina damu ndani yake badala ya kuimwaga nje. Marejeleo ya [[hadithi]] kuhusu damu mara nyingine yanaweza kushikanishwa na hali ya kutoa [[uhai]], inavyodhihirika katika matukio kama vile kujifungua, ikilinganishwa na damu ya [[jeraha]] au [[kifo]]. ===Waaustralia asili=== Katika [[desturi]] za wakazi asili wa [[Australia]], [[ngeu]] (hasa nyekundu) na damu, zote zikiwa na kiwango cha juu cha [[chuma]] na ambazo zinadhaniwa kuwa Maban (zenye nguvu za [[uchawi]]) hupakwa kwenye miili ya [[wachezaji]] wakati wa [[tambiko|matambiko]]. Kama [[Robert Lawlor]] anavyosema:<blockquote> Katika tamaduni na sherehe nyingi za Aborijini, ngeu nyekundu hupakwa katika sehemu zote za miili uchi za wachezaji. Katika sherehe za siri na takatifu za kiume, damu iliyoondolewa kutoka kwenye vena za mikono ya mshiriki hubadilishwa na kusuguliwa juu ya miili yao. Ngeu nyekundu pia hutumiwa kwa njia sawa na hii katika sherehe zisizo za siri. Damu pia hutumika kushikilia manyoya ya ndege kwenye miili ya watu. Manyoya ya ndege huwa na protini ambayo ina kiwango cha juu cha hisi ya magnetiki. <ref>{{cite book |author=Lawlor, Robert |title=Voices of the first day: awakening in the Aboriginal dreamtime |url=https://archive.org/details/voicesoffirstday0000lawl |publisher=Inner Traditions International |location=Rochester, Vt |year=1991 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/voicesoffirstday0000lawl/page/102 102]–3 |isbn=0-89281-355-5 }}</ref></blockquote> Lawlor anasema kuwa damu inayotumika kwa njia hii inaaminika na watu hawa kuwa inawaunganisha wachezaji na [[dunia]] yenye nguvu isiyoonekana ya wakati wa [[ndoto]]. Lawlor maeneo haya yenye nguvu zisizoonekana na maeneo ya [[sumaku]], kwa kuwa chuma ina sumaku. ===Upagani katika Indo-Uropa=== Kati ya ma[[kabila]] ya kundi la [[lugha]] zinazohusiana na [[Kijerumani]] (kama vile Anglo-Saksoni na Normani), damu ilitumika wakati wa kutoa [[dhabihu]] zao zilizoitwa ''the Blóts''. Damu hii ilikuwa inaaminika kuwa ina uwezo wa chanzo chake, na baada ya kuua mnyama, damu ilinyunyizwa kwenye kuta, juu ya [[sanamu]] za [[miungu]], kwa washiriki wenyewe. Kitendo hiki cha kunyunyiza damu kiliitwa ''bleodsian'' kwa [[Kiingereza cha kale]], na [[istilahi]] hii ilikopwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na kuwa ''kubariki'' na ''[[baraka]].'' Neno la [[Kihiti]] lenye maana ya damu, ''ishar'' lilihusiana na maneno "[[kiapo]]" na "kiunganishi":, tazama [[Ishara]]. [[Ugiriki ya Kale|Wagiriki wa Kale]] waliamini kuwa damu ya miungu, ''ichor,'' ilikuwa ni [[madini]] ambayo ilikuwa [[sumu]] kwa binadamu. ===Uyahudi=== Katika [[Uyahudi]], damu haiwezi kuliwa hata kwa kiasi kidogo (Walawi 3:17 na mahali pengine); jambo hili linajitokeza katika sheria za Kiyahudi kuhusu [[lishe]] (Kashrut). Damu huondolewa kutoka kwenye [[nyama]] kwa kuweka [[chumvi]] na kuilowesha nyama kwenye maji. Matambiko nyingine ya damu yanahusu kufunika damu ya [[ndege]] na mawindo baada ya uchinjaji (Walawi 17:13); sababu iliyotolewa na [[Torati]] ni: "Kwa kuwa uhai wa wanyama uko ndani ya damu yake" (Walawi 17:14). Pia ikiwa mtu wa imani halisi ya Kiyahudi amekufa kwa njia ya kinyama, sheria za kidini zinaamuru kuwa damu yake ikusanywe na izikwe pamoja na [[mwili]]. Jambo muhimu zaidi ni kwamba kwenye [[Pasaka]] Wayahudi wanapaswa kuchinja [[mwanakondoo]] [[dume]] na kupaka milango yao kwa damu yake kama kinga. Ndivyo walivyofanya tangu kale, hasa katika [[Musa]] kuwatoa [[Misri]]. ===Ukristo=== {{main|Ekaristi}} Kwa Wakristo [[damu ya Kristo]] husadikiwa kuwa njia pekee ya [[upatanisho]] kwa ajili ya [[dhambi]] ([[1Yoh]] 1:7; [[Ufu]] 1:5): ndiye mwanakondoo wa kweli ambaye damu yake inawapa nguvu ya kumshinda [[shetani]] (Ufu 12:11). Katika damu hiyo Mungu alifanya na watu [[agano jipya]] la [[milele]], kama alivyotangaza Yesu mwenyewe katika [[karamu ya mwisho]] na [[Mitume wa Yesu|mitume]] wake. Baadhi ya [[madhehebu]] ya [[Ukristo]], yakiwa ni pamoja na Kanisa Katoliki, [[Waorthodoksi]], [[Waorthodoksi wa Mashariki]] na [[Kanisa la Asiria]] la Mashariki hufundisha kwamba, baada ya kuwekwa [[wakfu]], [[divai]] ya [[Ekaristi]] hubadilika na kuwa damu ya [[Yesu]]. Hivyo, katika divai takatifu, Yesu anakuwa yupo kiroho na kimwili. Mafundisho hayo yana misingi yake katika [[Karamu ya mwisho]], kama ilivyoandikwa katika [[Injili]] nne za [[Biblia ya Kikristo]], ambapo Yesu aliwaambia wanafunzi wake kuwa [[mkate]] walioula ni mwili wake, na divai ni damu yake. "[[Kikombe]] hiki ni [[agano jipya]] katika damu yangu, inayomwagika kwa ajili yenu." ([[Lk|Luka]] 22:20). [[Teolojia]] ya [[Walutheri]] hufunza kuwa mwili na damu ziko pamoja "katika, pamoja na, na chini ya" mkate na divai ya [[sherehe]] ya Ekaristi. Aina nyingine za [[Uprotestanti]], hasa [[Wapresbiteri] na [[Wamethodisti]], hufundisha kuwa divai ni alama tu ya damu ya Kristo, ambaye yuko kiroho lakini hayuko kimwili. Upande wa damu ya wanyama, mitume na [[Mzee|wazee]] wa [[Kanisa]] katika [[Mtaguso wa Yerusalemu]] ([[49]] hivi) walipiga marufuku kwa Wakristo kunywa damu, pengine kwa sababu hii ilikuwa amri aliyopewa [[Nuhu]] ([[Mwanzo (Biblia)|(Mwanzo]] 9:4, tazama [[Sheria ya Nuhu]]). [[Amri]] hii iliendelea kufuatwa na Waorthodoksi huko Mashariki, ingawa [[wataalamu]] wa [[Biblia ya Kikristo]] wanaonyesha kwamba katazo hilo, na mengine matatu yaliyoendana nalo, yalitolewa tu ili [[Wakristo wa Kiyahudi]] wasikwazike katika kushirikiana na [[Wakristo wa mataifa]] wasiojisikia kubanwa na masharti yote ya [[Torati]]. ===Uislamu=== Ulaji wa vyakula vyenye damu ni [[haramu]] kulingana na [[sheria za Kiislamu]] kuhusu lishe. Hii inatokana na taarifa katika [[Kurani]], Sura Al-Ma'ida (05:03): "Vilivyoharimishiwa (kama chakula) ni: nyama ya mnyama aliyefariki, damu, nyama ya [[nguruwe]], na lolote ambalo limetajiwa juu yake jina la mwingine bali na [[Allah]]." Damu inachukuliwa kama chafu, na katika Uislamu, [[usafi]] ni sehemu ya imani, hivyo kuna mbinu maalum za kupata hali ya usafi wa kimwili na kitambiko mara tu utokaji damu unapofanyika. Sheria maalum na amri zinahusu [[hedhi]], kutokwa na damu baada ya kuzaa na kutokwa na damu kusio kwa kawaida kwenye [[uke]]. ===Mashahidi wa Yehova=== Kulingana na [[tafsiri]] yao ya maandiko, kama vile Matendo 15:28-29 ("Endelea kujitenga ... na damu."), [[Mashahidi wa Yehova]] hawali damu wala kukubali kuongezewa damu yote au sehemu kuu za damu: seli nyekundu za damu, chembechembe nyeupe za damu, chembe za kugandisha damu (thrombositi), na plazma. Wanachama wanaweza kujiamulia binafsi ikiwa watakubali taratibu za matibabu zinazohusisha damu yao wenyewe au [[dutu]] ambazo zinagawanywa zaidi kutoka kwa sehemu nne kuu.<ref>''The Watchtower'' Juni 15, 2004, ukurasa wa 22, "Be Guided by the Living God" (Kuongozwa na Mungu aliye hai)</ref> ===Tamaduni za Kichina na Kijapani=== Katika tamaduni maarufu ya [[Uchina]], mara kwa mara inasemekana kuwa, ikiwa [[pua]] la mtu limetoa kiasi kidogo cha damu, hii inamaanisha kuwa ana [[hamu]] ya [[ngono]]. Jambo hili huonekana mara nyingi katika [[filamu]] za lugha ya [[Kichina]] na [[Hong Kong]] na pia katika [[utamaduni]] wa [[Japani]] zinazotaniwa katika anime ([[katuni]] hai za [[sinema]] za Kijapani) na manga (hadithi za katuni za Kijapani zilizochapishwa). Wahusika, hasa [[wanaume]], mara nyingi huonyeshwa wakitokwa na damu kwenye pua ikiwa wamuona mtu aliye uchi au mwenye mavazi kidogo, au kama wamekuwa na mawazo au ndoto za kiashiki; hii inatokana na dhana kwamba shinikizo la damu ya wanaume hupanda kwa kiwango kikubwa wanapopata [[ashiki]]. <ref>Sheria ya Anime #40 kwa jina lingine ''Sheria'' ''ya Sanguination '' kwa [http://www.abcb.com/laws/index.htm ABCB.com] , The Anime Cafe.</ref> ===Kashfa za damu=== Makundi mbalimbali ya kidini na makundi mengine yamepewa shutuma za uongo kuwa yanatumia damu ya binadamu katika matambiko; shutuma hizo zinajulikana kama kashfa za damu. Aina maarufu sana ya kashfa hii ni kashfa ya damu dhidi ya Wayahudi. Ingawa hakuna tambiko inayohusisha damu ya binadamu katika sheria au desturi za Kiyahudi, [[uongo]] wa aina hii (mara nyingi unaohusiana na mauaji ya watoto) ulitumika sana katika [[Zama za Kati]] kuhalalisha mateso dhidi ya Wayahudi. ===Hekaya kuhusu wanyonya damu=== Wanyonya damu ni viumbe vya [[visasili]] vinavyokunywa damu moja kwa moja ili viendelee kuishi, na hupendelea zaidi damu ya binadamu. Tamaduni kote duniani huwa na visasili vya aina hii, kwa mfano 'kisasili cha Nosferatu', binadamu anayepata kuhukumiwa na asiyekufa kwa kunywa damu ya wengine, inatokana na [[elimu]] ya [[mila]] na desturi za jamii za [[Ulaya Mashariki]]. Kupe, ruba, mbu za kike, [[popo]] zinazonyonya damu, na viumbe vingine vingi vya kiasili hunywa damu, lakini ni popo pekee anaohusishwa na wanyonya damu. Hii haina uhusiano na popo wanyonyaji damu, ambao ni viumbe vya [[Amerika]] iliogunduliwa na [[Wazungu]] baada tu ya utungaji wa visasili vya [[Ulaya]]. ==Matumizi== ===Katika sayansi-tumizi=== Mabaki ya damu yanaweza kuwasaidia wapelelezi wa mahakama kutambua [[silaha]], kuunda upya kitendo cha uhalifu, na kuwahusisha watuhumiwa na uhalifu. Kupitia uchambuzi wa sampuli ya damu, habari za mahakama pia zinaweza kupatikana kutoka kwa usambazaji wa nafasi katika sampuli za damu. Uchambuzi wa mabaki ya damu pia ni mbinu inayotumika katika [[akiolojia]]. ===Katika sanaa=== Damu ni mojawapo kati ya ugiligili wa mwili ambao umetumika katika sanaa. <ref>[http://artscad.com/A.nsf/Opra/SRVV-6MDNX5 "Nostalgia"] {{Wayback|url=http://artscad.com/A.nsf/Opra/SRVV-6MDNX5 |date=20090108093007 }} Kazi ya sanaa katika damu</ref> Hasa, katika maonyesho ya mtendaji wa Viennese Hermann Nitsch, Franko B, Lennie Lee, Ron Athey, Yang Zhichao, na Kira O `Reilly, pamoja na upigaji picha wa Andres Serrano, zimehusisha damu kama kipengele kikuu cha kuona. Marc Quinn ameunda sanamu kwa kutumia damu iliyogandishwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na umbo la kichwa chake mwenyewe uliotengenezwa kwa kutumia damu yake mwenyewe. ===Katika ukoo na historia ya familia=== Neno ''damu,'' hutumika katika jamii kuashiria ''ukoo'' na asili ya mtu. Maneno mengine ambapo damu hutumika katika muktadha wa historia ya familia ni ''damu ya buluu'' (kutoka tabaka la viongozi), ''damu ya kifalme'', ''damu mchanganyiko'' (ya kutoka mbari tofauti) na ''jamaa wa damu'' (yaani ndugu). ==Tazama pia== * [[Damu bandia]] * [[Himofobia]] (Kuogopa damu) * [[Kupima damu]] * [[Shinikizo la damu]] * [[Utoaji damu]] ==Marejeo == {{marejeo}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{wiktionary}} {{commonscat|Blood|position=left}} [[Jamii:Damu]] [[Jamii:Dini]] [[Jamii:Mwili]] 5oebr7xwz3w2j7umdfsctei5cpge6pn 0 18634 1606352 1270007 2026-10-08T18:36:21Z Muddyb 379 Kuboresha makala 1606352 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 22em; text-align: left; font-size: 88%; line-height: 1.5em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 5px; float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; clear: right;" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%; font-weight: bold; background-color: #b0c4de; padding: 8px;" | Muhtasari wa Muziki wa Klasiki |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Ufafanuzi: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Muziki wa sanaa]] wa mapokeo ya [[Muziki wa Magharibi|Kimagharibi]], unaotungwa na kuandikwa kwa [[noti za muziki|noti]] kwa ajili ya sauti, ala moja, kwaya, vikundi vya ala au [[orchestra]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Asili: | style="padding: 3px;" | Ulaya Magharibi; umetokana na muziki wa [[liturujia]], muziki wa kanisa, muziki wa kifalme na muziki wa kumbi za maonyesho |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Kipindi: | style="padding: 3px;" | Takriban [[Zama za Kati]] hadi muziki wa [[karne ya 21]]; kwa maana finyu, [[Kipindi cha muziki wa klasiki]] ni takriban 1750–1820 |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Vipindi vikuu: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Zama za Kati]], [[Renaissance|Zama za Mwamko]], [[Baroko]], [[Kipindi cha muziki wa klasiki|Kipindi cha Klasiki]], [[Kipindi cha Romantiki]], [[Muziki wa klasiki wa karne ya 20]], na muziki wa kisasa |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Sifa kuu: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Noti za muziki|Uandishi wa noti]], [[melodia]], [[harmonia]], [[tonaliti]], [[mdundo]], muundo wa utunzi, na tafsiri ya kazi za [[mtunzi wa muziki|watunzi]] na waigizaji |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Ala zinazotumika: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Violin]], [[viola]], [[cello]], [[besi-mbili]], [[piano]], [[organi]], [[fluti]], [[oboe]], [[clarinet]], [[bassoon]], [[tarumbeta]], [[trombone]], [[tuba]] na [[ala za kugonga]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Vikundi vya uigizaji: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Orchestra]], [[kwaya]], [[string quartet]], kikundi cha muziki wa chumbani, waimbaji wa solo na wapiga ala wa solo |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Aina za utunzi: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Simfoni]], [[opera]], [[concerto]], [[sonata]], [[fugue]], [[oratorio]], [[misa (muziki)|misa]], [[motet]], [[cantata]] na [[muziki wa chumbani]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Watunzi wa Zama za Kati / Mwamko: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Hildegard von Bingen]], [[Guillaume de Machaut]], [[Josquin des Prez]], [[Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina]], [[Thomas Tallis]] na [[Claudio Monteverdi]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Watunzi wa Baroko: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Johann Sebastian Bach]], [[George Frideric Handel]], [[Antonio Vivaldi]], [[Georg Philipp Telemann]], [[Henry Purcell]] na [[Jean-Philippe Rameau]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Watunzi wa Klasiki: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Joseph Haydn]], [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]], [[Ludwig van Beethoven]], [[Christoph Willibald Gluck]] na [[Luigi Boccherini]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Watunzi wa Romantiki: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Franz Schubert]], [[Frédéric Chopin]], [[Robert Schumann]], [[Franz Liszt]], [[Richard Wagner]], [[Giuseppe Verdi]], [[Johannes Brahms]] na [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Watunzi wa Karne ya 20 / Kisasa: | style="padding: 3px;" | [[Claude Debussy]], [[Maurice Ravel]], [[Igor Stravinsky]], [[Arnold Schoenberg]], [[Béla Bartók]], [[Dmitri Shostakovich]], [[Philip Glass]], [[Steve Reich]] na [[Kaija Saariaho]] |- ! scope="row" style="padding: 3px; vertical-align: top;" | Kazi za kihistoria: | style="padding: 3px;" | ''[[Messiah]]'', ''[[The Four Seasons]]'', ''[[Brandenburg Concertos]]'', ''[[The Magic Flute]]'', ''[[Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)|Symphony No. 9]]'', ''[[Swan Lake]]'', ''[[The Rite of Spring]]'' na ''[[Carmina Burana]]'' |} [[File:Beethoven.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Ludwig van Beethoven]] alivyochorwa na [[Joseph Karl Stieler]] mwaka 1820. Beethoven mara nyingi hutajwa kama daraja kati ya [[Kipindi cha muziki wa klasiki|Kipindi cha Klasiki]] na [[Kipindi cha Romantiki]].]] '''Muziki wa klasiki''' ni jina linalotumiwa kwa maana pana kurejelea [[muziki wa sanaa]] wa mapokeo ya [[Muziki wa Magharibi|Kimagharibi]], unaojumuisha muziki wa kidini, muziki wa jukwaani na muziki wa ala uliotungwa kuanzia takriban [[Zama za Kati]] hadi leo. Kwa kawaida hutofautishwa na [[muziki wa jadi]], [[muziki maarufu]] na aina nyingine za muziki kwa sababu ya umuhimu wa utunzi ulioandikwa, matumizi ya [[noti za muziki|noti]], miundo ya muziki na mafunzo rasmi ya uigizaji.<ref name="Britannica classical">{{cite web |title=Classical music |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/classical-music |website=[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] |access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref><ref name="EBSCO classical">{{cite web |title=Classical music |url=https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/music/classical-music |website=EBSCO Research Starters |date=2022-09-01 |access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Neno ''klasiki'' lina maana mbili zinazopaswa kutenganishwa. Kwa maana pana, humaanisha mapokeo yote ya muziki wa sanaa wa Magharibi. Kwa maana finyu, ''[[Kipindi cha muziki wa klasiki|Kipindi cha Klasiki]]'' ni kipindi cha takriban 1750 hadi 1820, kinachohusishwa sana na [[Joseph Haydn]], [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] na Beethoven.<ref name="Britannica classical" /><ref name="Britannica classical period">{{cite web |title=Western music: The Classical period |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/Western-music/The-Classical-period |website=[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] |access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Muziki wa klasiki haupigwi na [[orchestra]] pekee. Unaweza kuandikwa na kuchezwa kwa sauti ya mtu mmoja, [[kwaya]], [[piano]], [[organi]], kikundi kidogo cha ala kama [[string quartet]], au orchestra kubwa. Pia hujumuisha mitindo na aina za utunzi kama [[opera]], [[oratorio]], [[simfoni]], [[tamthilia ya muziki]], [[sonata]], [[concerto]], [[fugue]], [[misa (muziki)|misa]], [[motet]] na nyimbo za kwaya.<ref name="Britannica classical" /><ref name="Britannica baroque">{{cite web |title=Western music: The tonal era and after—1600 to the present |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/Western-music/The-tonal-era-and-after-1600-to-the-present |website=[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] |access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> ==Sifa kuu== Muziki wa klasiki hutofautiana sana kati ya zama na watunzi, lakini kwa jumla una sifa zifuatazo: * Hutegemea sana [[noti za muziki|uandishi wa noti]], unaowawezesha wanamuziki kuigiza kazi ileile katika sehemu na nyakati tofauti. * Mara nyingi hutumia maendeleo ya [[melodia]], [[harmonia]], [[tonaliti]], [[mdundo]] na muundo wa utunzi kama sonata, rondo au fugue. * Huweza kutungwa kwa ala moja, sauti, kwaya, kikundi cha ala, au orchestra. * Hutoa nafasi kwa mkalimani wa muziki kufuata alama za mtunzi, lakini pia kufanya maamuzi ya kisanaa kuhusu kasi, sauti, ufasaha na hisia. * Hujumuisha muziki wa kidini na wa kiraia; kwa hiyo si sahihi kuutazama kama muziki wa kanisani au wa orchestra pekee.<ref name="Britannica classical" /><ref name="EBSCO classical" /> ==Ala na vikundi== [[File:Orchestra - Konzert Theater Bern 2019.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Orchestra]] ni mojawapo ya vikundi vinavyotumika kuigiza muziki wa klasiki, lakini si aina pekee ya uigizaji wa muziki huo.]] Katika orchestra ya kawaida, ala hupangwa katika familia kadhaa: * [[Ala za nyuzi]]: [[violin]], [[viola]], [[cello]] na [[besi-mbili]]. * [[Ala za upepo wa mbao]]: [[fluti]], [[oboe]], [[clarinet]] na [[bassoon]]. * [[Ala za shaba]]: [[tarumbeta]], [[French horn]], [[trombone]] na [[tuba]]. * [[Ala za kugonga]]: [[timpani]], ngoma mbalimbali, [[xylophone]], [[glockenspiel]] na nyinginezo. * Ala za [[kinanda]] kama [[piano]], [[organi]] au [[harpsichord]] huweza kutumika kulingana na kipindi na aina ya kazi. Katika orchestra, [[kondakta]] huongoza mazoezi na maonyesho kwa kuonyesha [[tempo]] (kasi ya muziki), mwanzo na mwisho wa sehemu, mabadiliko ya sauti, na uwiano kati ya vikundi vya ala. Kondakta anaweza kutumia [[fimbo ya kondakta|fimbo]] au mikono yake, lakini kazi yake si “kupiga muda” pekee; hutafsiri pia mawazo ya mtunzi kwa wanamuziki.<ref name="Britannica classical" /> ==Historia== Historia ya muziki wa klasiki wa Magharibi mara nyingi hugawanywa katika vipindi vifuatavyo. Mipaka ya miaka ni ya makadirio na hutofautiana kidogo kulingana na wanahistoria wa muziki.<ref name="IPL">{{cite web |title=Music History 102 |url=https://www.ipl.org/div/mushist/ |website=Internet Public Library |access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref><ref name="Britannica classical" /> ===Zama za Kati=== [[Zama za Kati]] katika muziki wa Magharibi kwa kawaida huhesabiwa kuanzia takriban mwaka 500 hadi 1400 au 1420. Muziki wa liturujia, hasa [[Gregorian chant]], ulikuwa muhimu sana. Kadiri uandishi wa noti ulivyoendelea, watunzi walianza kuunda [[polyphony|polifonia]], yaani muziki wenye mistari zaidi ya mmoja ya melodia inayosikika kwa wakati mmoja.<ref name="Britannica print">{{cite web |title=Classical music |url=https://www.britannica.com/print/article/120262 |website=[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] |access-date=2026-10-08}}</ref> Watunzi maarufu wa kipindi hiki ni pamoja na: * [[Hildegard von Bingen]] * [[Léonin]] * [[Pérotin]] * [[Guillaume de Machaut]] ===Zama za Mwamko=== [[Renaissance|Zama za Mwamko]] zilidumu takriban 1400 hadi 1600. Kipindi hiki kiliona polifonia ikikua kwa ustadi mkubwa, muziki wa kwaya ukipanuka, na muziki wa kiraia kuongezeka sambamba na ule wa kidini. Uandishi wa noti ulirahisisha kusambazwa kwa kazi za muziki katika sehemu mbalimbali za Ulaya.<ref name="Britannica print" /><ref name="IPL" /> Watunzi maarufu ni pamoja na: * [[Guillaume Dufay]] * [[Josquin des Prez]] * [[Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina]] * [[Thomas Tallis]] * [[Orlando di Lasso]] * [[Claudio Monteverdi]] ===Kipindi cha Baroko=== [[Baroko]] ilikuwa takriban 1600 hadi 1750. Katika kipindi hiki, [[opera]] ilianza, mfumo wa [[tonaliti]] ya major na minor uliimarika, na aina kama [[concerto]], [[sonata]] na [[fugue]] zikawa muhimu. Muziki wa Baroko mara nyingi una mapambo mengi ya kimuziki, utofauti mkubwa wa sauti na sehemu ya bass inayoitwa ''basso continuo''.<ref name="Britannica classical" /><ref name="Britannica baroque" /> Watunzi maarufu ni pamoja na: * [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] * [[George Frideric Handel]] * [[Antonio Vivaldi]] * [[Georg Philipp Telemann]] * [[Henry Purcell]] * [[Jean-Baptiste Lully]] * [[Domenico Scarlatti]] ===Kipindi cha Klasiki=== [[Kipindi cha muziki wa klasiki|Kipindi cha Klasiki]] kilikuwa takriban 1750 hadi 1820. Muziki wa wakati huu ulisisitiza uwazi wa muundo, uwiano, melodia zilizoeleweka na matumizi makubwa ya [[sonata form|muundo wa sonata]]. [[Simfoni]], [[string quartet]] na sonata zilipata nafasi kubwa, huku orchestra ikikua kwa mpangilio na ukubwa.<ref name="Britannica classical" /><ref name="Britannica classical period" /> Watunzi maarufu ni pamoja na: * [[Joseph Haydn]] * [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] * [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] * [[Christoph Willibald Gluck]] * [[Muzio Clementi]] ===Kipindi cha Romantiki=== [[Kipindi cha Romantiki]] kilitawala zaidi katika karne ya 19, kuanzia takriban 1820 hadi 1900. Kilisisitiza hisia, ubinafsi wa mtunzi, hadithi, mazingira, utaifa na upanuzi wa uwezo wa orchestra. Harmonia ilikua tata zaidi, orchestra ziliongezeka ukubwa, na waigizaji wa ala moja—hasa piano na violin—walipata umaarufu mkubwa.<ref name="Britannica classical" /><ref name="IPL" /> Watunzi maarufu ni pamoja na: * [[Franz Schubert]] * [[Hector Berlioz]] * [[Frédéric Chopin]] * [[Robert Schumann]] * [[Franz Liszt]] * [[Richard Wagner]] * [[Johannes Brahms]] * [[Giuseppe Verdi]] * [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]] * [[Antonín Dvořák]] ===Karne ya 20 na 21=== [[Muziki wa klasiki wa karne ya 20]] ulitofautiana sana kuliko vipindi vilivyotangulia. Baadhi ya watunzi waliendelea kutumia tonaliti ya jadi, huku wengine wakijaribu [[atonality|atonaliti]], [[serialism]], [[impressionism in music|impressionism]], [[neoclassicism]], [[minimalism]] na muziki wa majaribio. Kuanzia katikati ya karne ya 20, maendeleo ya kurekodi sauti, [[muziki wa kielektroniki]] na kompyuta yaliongeza uwezekano wa kutunga na kuigiza muziki.<ref name="Britannica print" /><ref name="EBSCO classical" /> Watunzi muhimu wa kipindi hiki ni pamoja na: * [[Claude Debussy]] * [[Maurice Ravel]] * [[Arnold Schoenberg]] * [[Igor Stravinsky]] * [[Béla Bartók]] * [[Dmitri Shostakovich]] * [[Benjamin Britten]] * [[Olivier Messiaen]] * [[John Cage]] * [[Philip Glass]] * [[Steve Reich]] * [[Kaija Saariaho]] ==Watunzi na waigizaji== Muziki wa klasiki hutegemea kazi ya [[mtunzi wa muziki|mtunzi]], anayeandika au kupanga kazi ya muziki, na [[mwanamuziki]] anayeiigiza. Kazi moja inaweza kuchezwa tena na tena na waigizaji tofauti, kwa hiyo tafsiri za kondakta, wapiga ala na waimbaji zinaweza kufanya kazi ileile isikike kwa namna tofauti. Miongoni mwa waigizaji wanaojulikana katika historia ya muziki wa klasiki ni wapiga piano, wapiga violin, waimbaji wa opera, vikundi vya kwaya, string quartet na orchestra. Maonyesho hufanyika katika [[ukumbi wa tamasha]], [[opera house]], kanisa, shule, redio, televisheni na mitandao ya kidijitali. ==Orodha ya watunzi wa muziki wa klasiki== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Na. ! Jina la mwanamuziki ! Kipindi ! Kazi maarufu |- | 1 | [[Hildegard von Bingen]] | Zama za Kati | ''[[Ordo Virtutum]]'' |- | 2 | [[Léonin]] | Zama za Kati | ''[[Magnus Liber Organi]]'' |- | 3 | [[Pérotin]] | Zama za Kati | ''[[Viderunt omnes]]'' |- | 4 | [[Guillaume de Machaut]] | Zama za Kati | ''[[Messe de Nostre Dame]]'' |- | 5 | [[Francesco Landini]] | Zama za Kati | ''[[Ecco la primavera]]'' |- | 6 | [[Philippe de Vitry]] | Zama za Kati | ''[[Ars nova]]'' |- | 7 | [[Adam de la Halle]] | Zama za Kati | ''[[Le Jeu de Robin et Marion]]'' |- | 8 | [[Guillaume Dufay]] | Zama za Mwamko | ''[[Nuper rosarum flores]]'' |- | 9 | [[Gilles Binchois]] | Zama za Mwamko | ''[[De plus en plus]]'' |- | 10 | [[Johannes Ockeghem]] | Zama za Mwamko | ''[[Missa prolationum]]'' |- | 11 | [[Josquin des Prez]] | Zama za Mwamko | ''[[Ave Maria... virgo serena]]'' |- | 12 | [[Antoine Busnois]] | Zama za Mwamko | ''[[L'homme armé]]'' |- | 13 | [[Heinrich Isaac]] | Zama za Mwamko | ''[[Innsbruck, ich muss dich lassen]]'' |- | 14 | [[Jacob Obrecht]] | Zama za Mwamko | ''[[Missa Maria zart]]'' |- | 15 | [[Pierre de la Rue]] | Zama za Mwamko | ''[[Missa L'homme armé]]'' |- | 16 | [[Jean Mouton]] | Zama za Mwamko | ''[[Nesciens mater]]'' |- | 17 | [[Clément Janequin]] | Zama za Mwamko | ''[[La Bataille]]'' |- | 18 | [[Orlando di Lasso]] | Zama za Mwamko | ''[[Lagrime di San Pietro]]'' |- | 19 | [[Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina]] | Zama za Mwamko | ''[[Missa Papae Marcelli]]'' |- | 20 | [[Tomás Luis de Victoria]] | Zama za Mwamko | ''[[Officium Defunctorum]]'' |- | 21 | [[William Byrd]] | Zama za Mwamko | ''[[Mass for Four Voices]]'' |- | 22 | [[Thomas Tallis]] | Zama za Mwamko | ''[[Spem in alium]]'' |- | 23 | [[John Dowland]] | Zama za Mwamko | ''[[Flow my tears]]'' |- | 24 | [[Carlo Gesualdo]] | Zama za Mwamko | ''[[Madrigals]]'' |- | 25 | [[Luca Marenzio]] | Zama za Mwamko | ''[[Solo e pensoso]]'' |- | 26 | [[Giovanni Gabrieli]] | Zama za Mwamko/Baroko | ''[[Sacrae Symphoniae]]'' |- | 27 | [[Claudio Monteverdi]] | Mwamko/Baroko | ''[[L'Orfeo]]'' |- | 28 | [[Girolamo Frescobaldi]] | Baroko | ''[[Fiori musicali]]'' |- | 29 | [[Heinrich Schütz]] | Baroko | ''[[Psalmen Davids]]'' |- | 30 | [[Jean-Baptiste Lully]] | Baroko | ''[[Armide]]'' |- | 31 | [[Arcangelo Corelli]] | Baroko | ''[[Concerti Grossi, Op. 6]]'' |- | 32 | [[Henry Purcell]] | Baroko | ''[[Dido and Aeneas]]'' |- | 33 | [[Johann Pachelbel]] | Baroko | ''[[Canon in D]]'' |- | 34 | [[Dieterich Buxtehude]] | Baroko | ''[[Membra Jesu nostri]]'' |- | 35 | [[Alessandro Scarlatti]] | Baroko | ''[[La Griselda]]'' |- | 36 | [[François Couperin]] | Baroko | ''[[Pièces de clavecin]]'' |- | 37 | [[Marin Marais]] | Baroko | ''[[Pièces de viole]]'' |- | 38 | [[Georg Muffat]] | Baroko | ''[[Florilegium]]'' |- | 39 | [[Tomaso Albinoni]] | Baroko | ''[[Oboe Concerto in D minor]]'' |- | 40 | [[Antonio Vivaldi]] | Baroko | ''[[The Four Seasons]]'' |- | 41 | [[Georg Philipp Telemann]] | Baroko | ''[[Tafelmusik]]'' |- | 42 | [[Jean-Philippe Rameau]] | Baroko | ''[[Hippolyte et Aricie]]'' |- | 43 | [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] | Baroko | ''[[Brandenburg Concertos]]'' |- | 44 | [[George Frideric Handel]] | Baroko | ''[[Messiah]]'' |- | 45 | [[Domenico Scarlatti]] | Baroko | ''[[Keyboard sonatas (Domenico Scarlatti)|Sonatas za kinanda]]'' |- | 46 | [[Jean-Marie Leclair]] | Baroko | ''[[Violin Concertos, Op. 7]]'' |- | 47 | [[Francesco Geminiani]] | Baroko | ''[[Concerti grossi, Op. 5]]'' |- | 48 | [[Giuseppe Tartini]] | Baroko | ''[[Devil's Trill Sonata]]'' |- | 49 | [[Johann Joachim Quantz]] | Baroko | ''[[Flute Concertos]]'' |- | 50 | [[Carl Heinrich Graun]] | Baroko | ''[[Der Tod Jesu]]'' |- | 51 | [[C. P. E. Bach]] | Baroko/Klasiki | ''[[Hamburg Symphonies]]'' |- | 52 | [[Wilhelm Friedemann Bach]] | Baroko/Klasiki | ''[[D minor Sinfonia]]'' |- | 53 | [[Johann Christian Bach]] | Baroko/Klasiki | ''[[Symphony in E-flat major, Op. 18 No. 1]]'' |- | 54 | [[Giovanni Battista Pergolesi]] | Baroko/Klasiki | ''[[Stabat Mater (Pergolesi)|Stabat Mater]]'' |- | 55 | [[Giovanni Battista Sammartini]] | Klasiki ya awali | ''[[Symphony in F major, J-C 29]]'' |- | 56 | [[Christoph Willibald Gluck]] | Klasiki | ''[[Orfeo ed Euridice]]'' |- | 57 | [[Carl Stamitz]] | Klasiki | ''[[Viola Concerto in D major]]'' |- | 58 | [[Johann Stamitz]] | Klasiki | ''[[Symphony in E-flat major, Op. 11 No. 3]]'' |- | 59 | [[François-Joseph Gossec]] | Klasiki | ''[[Symphony in D major, Op. 5 No. 2]]'' |- | 60 | [[Johann Baptist Wanhal]] | Klasiki | ''[[Symphony in G minor]]'' |- | 61 | [[Luigi Boccherini]] | Klasiki | ''[[Minuet (Boccherini)|Minuet]]'' |- | 62 | [[Joseph Haydn]] | Klasiki | ''[[Symphony No. 94 (Haydn)|Symphony No. 94 "Surprise"]]’’ |- | 63 | [[Antonio Salieri]] | Klasiki | ''[[Tarare]]'' |- | 64 | [[Muzio Clementi]] | Klasiki | ''[[Gradus ad Parnassum (Clementi)|Gradus ad Parnassum]]'' |- | 65 | [[Michael Haydn]] | Klasiki | ''[[Requiem in C minor (Michael Haydn)|Requiem in C minor]]'' |- | 66 | [[Leopold Mozart]] | Klasiki | ''[[Toy Symphony]]'' |- | 67 | [[Domenico Cimarosa]] | Klasiki | ''[[Il matrimonio segreto]]'' |- | 68 | [[Giovanni Paisiello]] | Klasiki | ''[[The Barber of Seville (Paisiello)|Il barbiere di Siviglia]]'' |- | 69 | [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] | Klasiki | ''[[The Magic Flute]]'' |- | 70 | [[Luigi Cherubini]] | Klasiki | ''[[Médée (Cherubini)|Médée]]'' |- | 71 | [[André Grétry]] | Klasiki | ''[[Richard Cœur-de-lion (opera)|Richard Cœur-de-lion]]'' |- | 72 | [[Johann Georg Albrechtsberger]] | Klasiki | ''[[Organ works of Johann Georg Albrechtsberger|Kazi za organi]]'' |- | 73 | [[Jan Ladislav Dussek]] | Klasiki | ''[[Elégie harmonique]]'' |- | 74 | [[Johann Nepomuk Hummel]] | Klasiki/Romantiki | ''[[Trumpet Concerto (Hummel)|Trumpet Concerto]]'' |- | 75 | [[Ludwig van Beethoven]] | Klasiki/Romantiki | ''[[Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)|Symphony No. 9]]'' |- | 76 | [[Gioachino Rossini]] | Klasiki/Romantiki | ''[[The Barber of Seville]]'' |- | 77 | [[Franz Schubert]] | Klasiki/Romantiki | ''[[Symphony No. 8 (Schubert)|Symphony No. 8 "Unfinished"]]’’ |- | 78 | [[Carl Maria von Weber]] | Klasiki/Romantiki | ''[[Der Freischütz]]'' |- | 79 | [[John Field (composer)|John Field]] | Romantiki ya awali | ''[[Nocturnes (Field)|Nocturnes]]'' |- | 80 | [[Niccolò Paganini]] | Romantiki ya awali | ''[[24 Caprices for Solo Violin]]'' |- | 81 | [[Hector Berlioz]] | Romantiki | ''[[Symphonie fantastique]]'' |- | 82 | [[Felix Mendelssohn]] | Romantiki | ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (Mendelssohn)|A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' |- | 83 | [[Fanny Mendelssohn]] | Romantiki | ''[[Das Jahr (Fanny Mendelssohn)|Das Jahr]]'' |- | 84 | [[Frédéric Chopin]] | Romantiki | ''[[Nocturnes, Op. 9 (Chopin)|Nocturnes, Op. 9]]'' |- | 85 | [[Robert Schumann]] | Romantiki | ''[[Kinderszenen]]'' |- | 86 | [[Clara Schumann]] | Romantiki | ''[[Piano Concerto (Clara Schumann)|Piano Concerto in A minor]]'' |- | 87 | [[Franz Liszt]] | Romantiki | ''[[Hungarian Rhapsodies]]'' |- | 88 | [[Richard Wagner]] | Romantiki | ''[[Der Ring des Nibelungen]]'' |- | 89 | [[Giuseppe Verdi]] | Romantiki | ''[[La traviata]]'' |- | 90 | [[Charles Gounod]] | Romantiki | ''[[Faust (opera)|Faust]]'' |- | 91 | [[Jacques Offenbach]] | Romantiki | ''[[Orpheus in the Underworld]]'' |- | 92 | [[Louis Moreau Gottschalk]] | Romantiki | ''[[The Banjo, Op. 15]]'' |- | 93 | [[Mikhail Glinka]] | Romantiki | ''[[Ruslan and Lyudmila (opera)|Ruslan and Lyudmila]]'' |- | 94 | [[Alexander Dargomyzhsky]] | Romantiki | ''[[Rusalka (Dargomyzhsky)|Rusalka]]'' |- | 95 | [[Alexander Borodin]] | Romantiki | ''[[Prince Igor]]'' |- | 96 | [[Modest Mussorgsky]] | Romantiki | ''[[Pictures at an Exhibition]]'' |- | 97 | [[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov]] | Romantiki | ''[[Scheherazade (Rimsky-Korsakov)|Scheherazade]]'' |- | 98 | [[Mily Balakirev]] | Romantiki | ''[[Islamey]]'' |- | 99 | [[César Cui]] | Romantiki | ''[[Caucasus (Cui)|Caucasus]]'' |- | 100 | [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]] | Romantiki | ''[[Swan Lake]]'' |- | 101 | [[Anton Rubinstein]] | Romantiki | ''[[The Demon (opera)|The Demon]]'' |- | 102 | [[Antonín Dvořák]] | Romantiki | ''[[Symphony No. 9 (Dvořák)|Symphony No. 9 "From the New World"]]’’ |- | 103 | [[Bedřich Smetana]] | Romantiki | ''[[Má vlast]]'' |- | 104 | [[Leoš Janáček]] | Romantiki/Karne ya 20 | ''[[Jenůfa]]'' |- | 105 | [[Edvard Grieg]] | Romantiki | ''[[Peer Gynt (Grieg)|Peer Gynt]]'' |- | 106 | [[Jean Sibelius]] | Romantiki/Karne ya 20 | ''[[Finlandia]]'' |- | 107 | [[Johan Svendsen]] | Romantiki | ''[[Romance for Violin and Orchestra (Svendsen)|Romance for Violin and Orchestra]]'' |- | 108 | [[Niels Gade]] | Romantiki | ''[[Symphony No. 1 (Gade)|Symphony No. 1]]'' |- | 109 | [[Johannes Brahms]] | Romantiki | ''[[Hungarian Dances]]'' |- | 110 | [[Anton Bruckner]] | Romantiki | ''[[Symphony No. 7 (Bruckner)|Symphony No. 7]]'' |- | 111 | [[Gustav Mahler]] | Romantiki/Karne ya 20 | ''[[Symphony No. 5 (Mahler)|Symphony No. 5]]'' |- | 112 | [[Hugo Wolf]] | Romantiki | ''[[Mörike-Lieder]]'' |- | 113 | [[Max Bruch]] | Romantiki | ''[[Violin Concerto No. 1 (Bruch)|Violin Concerto No. 1]]'' |- | 114 | [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] | Romantiki | ''[[The Carnival of the Animals]]'' |- | 115 | [[Georges Bizet]] | Romantiki | ''[[Carmen]]'' |- | 116 | [[Léo Delibes]] | Romantiki | ''[[Lakmé]]'' |- | 117 | [[Édouard Lalo]] | Romantiki | ''[[Symphonie espagnole]]'' |- | 118 | [[Gabriel Fauré]] | Romantiki/Karne ya 20 | ''[[Requiem (Fauré)|Requiem]]'' |- | 119 | [[Cécile Chaminade]] | Romantiki | ''[[Concertino for Flute]]'' |- | 120 | [[Amy Beach]] | Romantiki/Karne ya 20 | ''[[Gaelic Symphony]]'' |- | 121 | [[Edward Elgar]] | Romantiki/Karne ya 20 | ''[[Pomp and Circumstance Marches]]'' |- | 122 | [[Ralph Vaughan Williams]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[The Lark Ascending]]'' |- | 123 | [[Gustav Holst]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[The Planets]]'' |- | 124 | [[Frederick Delius]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring]]'' |- | 125 | [[Ethel Smyth]] | Romantiki/Karne ya 20 | ''[[The Wreckers]]'' |- | 126 | [[Erik Satie]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Gymnopédies]]'' |- | 127 | [[Claude Debussy]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Clair de Lune]]'' |- | 128 | [[Maurice Ravel]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Boléro]]'' |- | 129 | [[Paul Dukas]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[The Sorcerer's Apprentice]]'' |- | 130 | [[Albert Roussel]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Bacchus et Ariane]]'' |- | 131 | [[Francis Poulenc]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Gloria (Poulenc)|Gloria]]'' |- | 132 | [[Darius Milhaud]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[La création du monde]]'' |- | 133 | [[Arthur Honegger]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Pacific 231]]'' |- | 134 | [[Olivier Messiaen]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Quartet for the End of Time]]'' |- | 135 | [[Lili Boulanger]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[D'un matin de printemps]]'' |- | 136 | [[Germaine Tailleferre]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Piano Concerto (Tailleferre)|Piano Concerto]]'' |- | 137 | [[Igor Stravinsky]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[The Rite of Spring]]'' |- | 138 | [[Sergei Rachmaninoff]] | Romantiki/Karne ya 20 | ''[[Piano Concerto No. 2 (Rachmaninoff)|Piano Concerto No. 2]]'' |- | 139 | [[Sergei Prokofiev]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Peter and the Wolf]]'' |- | 140 | [[Dmitri Shostakovich]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Symphony No. 5 (Shostakovich)|Symphony No. 5]]'' |- | 141 | [[Aram Khachaturian]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Sabre Dance]]'' |- | 142 | [[Alexander Scriabin]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Prometheus: The Poem of Fire]]'' |- | 143 | [[Nikolai Medtner]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Piano Concerto No. 1 (Medtner)|Piano Concerto No. 1]]'' |- | 144 | [[Reinhold Glière]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[The Red Poppy]]'' |- | 145 | [[Dmitry Kabalevsky]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[The Comedians]]'' |- | 146 | [[Alfred Schnittke]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Concerto Grosso No. 1 (Schnittke)|Concerto Grosso No. 1]]'' |- | 147 | [[Sofia Gubaidulina]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Offertorium]]'' |- | 148 | [[Arvo Pärt]] | Karne ya 20/Kisasa | ''[[Spiegel im Spiegel]]'' |- | 149 | [[Béla Bartók]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Concerto for Orchestra]]'' |- | 150 | [[Zoltán Kodály]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Háry János]]'' |- | 151 | [[Ernő Dohnányi]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Variations on a Nursery Tune]]'' |- | 152 | [[George Enescu]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Romanian Rhapsodies]]'' |- | 153 | [[Karol Szymanowski]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[King Roger]]'' |- | 154 | [[Witold Lutosławski]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Concerto for Orchestra (Lutosławski)|Concerto for Orchestra]]'' |- | 155 | [[Krzysztof Penderecki]] | Karne ya 20/Kisasa | ''[[Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima]]'' |- | 156 | [[Henryk Górecki]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Symphony No. 3 (Górecki)|Symphony No. 3]]'' |- | 157 | [[Arnold Schoenberg]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Pierrot Lunaire]]'' |- | 158 | [[Alban Berg]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Wozzeck]]'' |- | 159 | [[Anton Webern]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Six Bagatelles]]'' |- | 160 | [[Paul Hindemith]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Mathis der Maler (symphony)|Mathis der Maler]]'' |- | 161 | [[Kurt Weill]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[The Threepenny Opera]]'' |- | 162 | [[Carl Orff]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Carmina Burana]]'' |- | 163 | [[Richard Strauss]] | Romantiki/Karne ya 20 | ''[[Also sprach Zarathustra (Strauss)|Also sprach Zarathustra]]'' |- | 164 | [[Hans Werner Henze]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[The Bassarids]]'' |- | 165 | [[Luigi Nono]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Il canto sospeso]]'' |- | 166 | [[Luciano Berio]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Sinfonia (Berio)|Sinfonia]]'' |- | 167 | [[Luigi Dallapiccola]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Il prigioniero]]'' |- | 168 | [[Gian Carlo Menotti]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Amahl and the Night Visitors]]'' |- | 169 | [[John Cage]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[4′33″]]'' |- | 170 | [[Aaron Copland]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Appalachian Spring]]'' |- | 171 | [[George Gershwin]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Rhapsody in Blue]]'' |- | 172 | [[Samuel Barber]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Adagio for Strings]]'' |- | 173 | [[Leonard Bernstein]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[West Side Story]]'' |- | 174 | [[Charles Ives]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[The Unanswered Question]]'' |- | 175 | [[Elliott Carter]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[String Quartet No. 1 (Carter)|String Quartet No. 1]]'' |- | 176 | [[Steve Reich]] | Karne ya 20/Kisasa | ''[[Music for 18 Musicians]]'' |- | 177 | [[Philip Glass]] | Karne ya 20/Kisasa | ''[[Einstein on the Beach]]'' |- | 178 | [[John Adams (composer)|John Adams]] | Kisasa | ''[[Nixon in China (opera)|Nixon in China]]'' |- | 179 | [[Terry Riley]] | Karne ya 20/Kisasa | ''[[In C]]'' |- | 180 | [[La Monte Young]] | Karne ya 20/Kisasa | ''[[The Well-Tuned Piano]]'' |- | 181 | [[Florence Price]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Symphony No. 1 (Price)|Symphony No. 1]]'' |- | 182 | [[William Grant Still]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Afro-American Symphony]]'' |- | 183 | [[Duke Ellington]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Black, Brown and Beige]]'' |- | 184 | [[Heitor Villa-Lobos]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Bachianas Brasileiras]]'' |- | 185 | [[Alberto Ginastera]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Estancia (Ginastera)|Estancia]]'' |- | 186 | [[Astor Piazzolla]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Libertango]]'' |- | 187 | [[Silvestre Revueltas]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Sensemayá]]'' |- | 188 | [[Carlos Chávez]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Sinfonía India]]'' |- | 189 | [[Tōru Takemitsu]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[November Steps]]'' |- | 190 | [[Isang Yun]] | Karne ya 20 | ''[[Réak]]'' |- | 191 | [[Tan Dun]] | Kisasa | ''[[Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (soundtrack)|Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon]]'' |- | 192 | [[Kaija Saariaho]] | Kisasa | ''[[L'Amour de loin]]'' |- | 193 | [[Sofia Gubaidulina]] | Karne ya 20/Kisasa | ''[[Offertorium]]'' |- | 194 | [[Unsuk Chin]] | Kisasa | ''[[Violin Concerto (Unsuk Chin)|Violin Concerto]]'' |- | 195 | [[Osvaldo Golijov]] | Kisasa | ''[[La Pasión según San Marcos]]'' |- | 196 | [[Einojuhani Rautavaara]] | Karne ya 20/Kisasa | ''[[Cantus Arcticus]]'' |- | 197 | [[Aulis Sallinen]] | Karne ya 20/Kisasa | ''[[The King Goes Forth to France]]'' |- | 198 | [[Kalevi Aho]] | Kisasa | ''[[Symphony No. 12 (Aho)|Symphony No. 12]]'' |- | 199 | [[Jennifer Higdon]] | Kisasa | ''[[Blue Cathedral]]'' |- | 200 | [[Caroline Shaw]] | Kisasa | ''[[Partita for 8 Voices]]'' |} ==Tazama pia== * [[Muziki wa sanaa]] * [[Kipindi cha muziki wa klasiki]] * [[Orchestra]] * [[Opera]] * [[Simfoni]] * [[Muziki wa kwaya]] * [[Historia ya muziki]] * [[Muziki wa kielektroniki]] ==Marejeo== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== {{wikiquote}} {{Wikivoyage|European classical music}} * [https://www.britannica.com/art/classical-music Classical music] kwenye [[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] * [https://www.ipl.org/div/mushist/ Music History 102] * [https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Classical_Music/Instruments Ala za muziki wa klasiki] kwenye Wikibooks {{mbegu-muziki}} [[Jamii:Aina za muziki]] [[Jamii:Muziki wa Magharibi]] ohcs5qnwv7x65tgc76fa5lwuh0f0jza 0 26903 1606378 885596 2026-10-08T22:31:02Z Raippa-Valli 92699 1606378 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Tuzo Nobel.png|left|80px]] [[File:Pierre-Gilles crop.jpg|thumb|220px|{{PAGENAME}} (2006)]] '''Pierre-Gilles de Gennes''' ([[24 Oktoba]] [[1932]] &ndash; [[18 Mei]] [[2007]]) alikuwa mwanafizikia kutoka nchi ya [[Ufaransa]]. Hasa anajulikana kwa kuchunguza [[fuwele]] miminiko na sifa zake. Mwaka wa [[1991]] alikuwa mshindi wa '''[[Tuzo ya Nobel ya Fizikia]]'''. {{Mbegu-Nobel}} {{DEFAULTSORT:De Gennes, Pierre-Gilles}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1932]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2007]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Ufaransa]] [[Jamii:Tuzo ya Nobel ya Fizikia]] sbmxnyw70dtfsp2upeftcg2u5u2y570 0 28914 1606194 1600884 2026-10-08T12:05:48Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Msanii muziki 2 |Jina = Rihanna |Img = Rihanna Fenty 2018.png |Img_capt = Rihanna, mnamo 2018 |Background = solo_singer |Jina la kuzaliwa = Robyn Rihanna Fenty |Amezaliwa = {{birth date and age|1988|2|20|df=yes}} |Asili yake = [[Saint Michael, Barbados|Saint Michael]], [[Barbados]] |Aina = [[R&B]], [[reggae]] |Kazi yake = Mwimbaji, [[Mwanamitindo]] |Miaka ya kazi = 2005–hadi leo |Studio = [[Def Jam Recordings]] |Ameshirikiana na = |Tovuti = [http://www.rihannanow.com www.rihannanow.com] }} '''Robyn Rihanna Fenty''' (anafahamika zaidi kwa jina lake la [[jina la kisanii|kisanii]] kama '''Rihanna''' tu; alizaliwa [[Saint Michael, Barbados]], [[20 Februari]] [[1988]]) ni [[msanii]] wa [[mwimbaji]] wa [[muziki]] wa R&B na pop kutoka nchini [[Barbados]]. ==Maisha== Alizaliwa mjini na kisha baadaye akaelekea zake nchini [[Marekani]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 16 ili kujiendeleza zaidi katika shughuli zake za kirekodi akiwa chini ya uongozi wa mtayarishaji wa rekodi Bw. Evan Rogers. Baadaye akaja kuingia mkataba na studio ya [[Def Jam Recordings]] baada ya kusailiwa na kiongozi wa studio hiyo Bw. [[Jay-Z]].<ref name="Jay-Zpicks">{{cite news |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/yhif/jayz_picks/ |title=Jay-Z's Picks: Teairra Mari, Rihanna and Ne-Yo |last1=Reid |first1=Shaheem |last2=Paco |first2=Matt |date= |work=[[MTV News]] |accessdate=2009-06-06 |archivedate=2013-10-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005081430/http://www.mtv.com/news/yhif/jayz_picks/ }}</ref> == Diskografia == ===Albamu=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+ Orodha ya albamu, pamoja na nafasi zilizoshika, mauzo na matunukio ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:11em;"| Albamu ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:20em;"| Maelezo ! scope="col" colspan="10"| Nafasi iliyoshika katika nchi tofauti ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:11em;"| Mauzo ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:14em;"| Matunukio |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Australia<br /><ref name="AUS">{{cite web | url=http://australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Rihanna | title=Discography Rihanna | work=australian-charts.com | accessdate=April 13, 2011}} * "Needed Me": {{cite web|url=http://www.noise11.com/news/aria-singles-pink-tops-chart-but-prince-dominates-20160430|title=ARIA Singles: Pink Tops Chart But Prince Dominates|publisher=Noise11|last=Ryan|first=Gavin|date=April 30, 2016|accessdate=April 30, 2016}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Ubelgiji<br /><ref name="BEL (FL)">{{cite web | url=http://www.ultratop.be/nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Rihanna | title=Discografie Rihanna | work=ultratop.be | accessdate=October 9, 2011 | language=Dutch}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Canada<br /><ref name="CAN-albums">{{cite web | url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rihanna/chart-history/canadian-albums | title=Rihanna – Chart History: Canadian Albums | work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]| accessdate=September 9, 2018}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Ufaransa<br /><ref name="FRA">{{cite web | url=http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Rihanna | title=Discographie Rihanna | work=lescharts.com | accessdate=February 14, 2009 | language=French}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Ujerumani<br /><ref name="GER-albums">{{cite web | title=Chartverfolgung / Rihanna / Longplay | url=http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Rihanna/?type=longplay | work=musicline.de | accessdate=November 27, 2010 | language=German | archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6H7tD0k9b?url=http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Rihanna/?type=longplay | archive-date=June 4, 2013 | dead-url=yes | archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6H7tD0k9b?url=http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Rihanna/?type=longplay | archivedate=2013-06-04 }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Ireland<br /><ref name="IRL">{{cite web | url=http://irish-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Rihanna | title=Discography Rihanna | work=irish-charts.com | accessdate=April 30, 2011 | archive-date=2012-10-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121020155738/http://irish-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Rihanna | url-status=dead }} * "Work": http://www.chart-track.co.uk/index.jsp?c=p/musicvideo/music/latest/index_test.jsp&ct=240001 {{Wayback|url=http://www.chart-track.co.uk/index.jsp?c=p%2Fmusicvideo%2Fmusic%2Flatest%2Findex_test.jsp&ct=240001 |date=20190716170026 }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| New Zealand<br /><ref name="NZ">{{cite web | url=http://charts.org.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Rihanna | title=Discography Rihanna | work=charts.org.nz | accessdate=April 30, 2011 | archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6CMj44EUv?url=http://charts.org.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Rihanna | archivedate=2012-11-22 | =https://www.webcitation.org/6CMj44EUv?url=http://charts.org.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Rihanna }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Uswisi<br /><ref name="SWI">{{cite web | url=http://swisscharts.com/artist/Rihanna | title=Discographie Rihanna | work=swisscharts.com | accessdate=April 26, 2011 | format=select "Charts" tab | language=Swiss German}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Uingereza<br /><ref name="UK-albums">{{cite web | url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/_/rihanna/ | title=Rihanna | publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] | accessdate=October 29, 2012 | format=select "Albums" tab}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Marekani<br /><ref name="US-albums">{{cite web | url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rihanna/chart-history/billboard-200 | title=Rihanna – Chart History: Billboard 200 | work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]| accessdate=September 9, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''Music of the Sun'' | * Ilitolewa: Agosti 12, 2005 {{small|(Marekani)}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/music-of-the-sun/id79555792 | title=Music of the Sun by Rihanna | work=[[iTunes Store]] | accessdate=October 27, 2012 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507031535/http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/music-of-the-sun/id79555792 | archivedate=May 7, 2012 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> * Lebo: Def Jam Recordings, SRP | — || — || 7 || 93 || 31 || 12 || 26 || 38 || 35 || 10 | * Uingereza: 148,660<ref name="Music Week sales">{{cite web|url=http://www.musicweek.com/analysis/read/official-albums-chart-analysis-rihanna-becomes-first-ever-caribbean-artist-with-4-no-1s/052679|title=Official Albums Chart Analysis: Rihanna becomes first-ever Caribbean artist with 4 No.1s|last=Jones|first=Alan|date=November 26, 2012|work=[[Music Week]]|accessdate=June 9, 2015}}</ref> * Marekani: 623,000<ref name="US Album Sales">{{cite web |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/6605708/ask-billboard-rihannas-best-selling-songs-albums |title=Ask Billboard: Rihanna's Best-Selling Songs & Albums |last=Trust |first=Gary |work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] |date=June 23, 2015 |accessdate=June 23, 2015}}</ref> * Duniani: 2,000,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.biography.com/people/rihanna-201257|title=Rihanna - Biography - Singer|work=[[People (magazine)|People]]|accessdate=April 22, 2015}}</ref> | * Marekani: Gold<ref name="RIAA">{{cite certification|region=United States|artist=Rihanna|accessdate=January 27, 2016}}</ref> * Uingereza: Gold<ref name="BPI">{{cite certification|region=United Kingdom|artist=Rihanna|accessdate=January 27, 2016}}</ref> * Canada: Platinum<ref name="MC">{{cite certification | region=Canada | artist=Rihanna | accessdate=October 29, 2012}}</ref> * New Zealand: Gold<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=79&Itemid=62 |title=Lates Gold / Platinum Albums |publisher=Radioscope New Zealand |accessdate=March 18, 2015 |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724195817/http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=79&Itemid=62 |archivedate=July 24, 2011 }}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''A Girl like Me'' | * Ilitolewa: Aprili 11, 2006 {{small|(Marekani)}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/a-girl-like-me/id171762971 | title=A Girl Like Me by Rihanna | work=[[iTunes Store]] | accessdate=October 27, 2012 | archive-date=2012-09-09 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120909030446/http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/a-girl-like-me/id171762971 | url-status=dead}}</ref> * Lebo: Def Jam, SRP | 9 || 10 || 1 || 18 || 13 || 5 || 7 || 6 || 5 || 5 | * Uingerezs: 667,672 * Marekani: 1,400,000 * Duniani: 4,000,000<ref>{{cite news|title=Rihanna ticket fever gathers pace in SA|url=http://www.dispatchlive.co.za/news/rihanna-ticket-fever-gathers-pace-in-sa/|accessdate=10 July 2015|date=August 7, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016003714/http://www.dispatchlive.co.za/news/rihanna-ticket-fever-gathers-pace-in-sa|archivedate=October 16, 2015}}</ref> | * Marekani: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * Australia: Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2006-albums">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/ARIACharts-Accreditations-2006Albums.htm |title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2006 Albums |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] |accessdate=February 14, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5mqktlAD6?url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/ARIACharts-Accreditations-2006Albums.htm |archivedate=January 17, 2010 }}</ref> * BPI: 2× Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * Ujerumani: Gold<ref name="BVMI">{{cite web | url=http://www.musikindustrie.de/gold_platin_datenbank/?action=suche&strTitel=&strInterpret=Rihanna&strTtArt=alle&strAwards=checked | title=Gold–/Platin-Datenbank (Rihanna) | publisher=[[Bundesverband Musikindustrie]] | accessdate=April 19, 2011 | language=German}}</ref> * [[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry|IFPI]]: Platinum<ref name="IFPI2007"/> * Ireland: 2× Platinum<ref name="IRMA-2006-multi-platinum-albums">{{cite web | url=http://www.irishcharts.ie/awards/multi_platinum06.htm | title=2006 Certification Awards – Multi Platinum | publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]] | accessdate=December 20, 2010 | archive-date=2014-08-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819114216/http://irishcharts.ie/awards/multi_platinum06.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> * MC: 2× Platinum<ref name="MC"/> * RMNZ: Gold<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=1396|title=RIANZ Top 40 Albums > 18 September 2006|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|accessdate=2016-04-23|archive-date=2016-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009131445/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=1396|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''Good Girl Gone Bad'' | * Ilitolewa: Juni 5, 2007 {{small|(Marekani)}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amazon.com/Good-Girl-Gone-Bad-Rihanna/dp/B000OZ2CZW | title=Rihanna: Good Girl Gone Bad | work=[[Amazon.com]] | accessdate=October 27, 2012}}</ref> * Lebo: Def Jam, SRP | 2 || 9 || 1 || 8 || 4 || 1 || 4 || 1 || 1 || 2 | * Uingereza: 1,904,347 * Marekani: 2,800,000 * Duniani: 9,000,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/rihanna-celebrates-the-tenth-anniversary-of-her-breakthrough-album-good-girl-gone-bad-im-forever-grateful__19308/|title=Rihanna celebrates the tenth anniversary of her breakthrough album Good Girl Gone Bad: 'I'm forever grateful'|publisher=Official Charts Company|last=Copsey|first=Rob|date=June 1, 2017|accessdate=June 1, 2017}}</ref> | * RIAA: 6× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * ARIA: 4× Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2015-albums">{{cite web | url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/AlbumAccreds2015.htm | title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2015 Albums | publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] | accessdate=November 7, 2015}}</ref> * BEA: 2× Platinum<ref name="BEA-2010">{{cite certification | region=Belgium | certyear=2010 | accessdate=January 13, 2013}}</ref> * BPI: 6× Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: 2× Platinum<ref name="BVMI"/> * IFPI: 3× Platinum<ref name="IFPI2007">{{cite web|url=http://ifpi.org/content/section_news/plat2007.html |title=IFPI Platinum Europe Awards – 2007 |publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]] |accessdate=January 3, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131127154333/http://ifpi.org/content/section_news/plat2007.html |archivedate=November 27, 2013 }}</ref> * IFPI SWI: 3× Platinum<ref name="IFPI SWI">{{cite web | url=http://www.swisscharts.com/search_certifications.asp?search=Rihanna | title=The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards (Rihanna) | work=swisscharts.com | accessdate=April 19, 2011 | language=Swiss German}}</ref> * IRMA: 3× Platinum<ref name="IRMA-2007-multi-platinum-albums">{{cite web | url=http://www.irishcharts.ie/awards/multi_platinum07.htm | title=2007 Certification Awards – Multi Platinum | publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]] | accessdate=December 20, 2010 | archive-date=2025-07-07 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250707142727/http://www.irishcharts.ie/awards/multi_platinum07.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> * MC: 5× Platinum<ref name="MC"/> * RMNZ: Platinum<ref name="Radioscope albums">{{cite web | url=http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=77&Itemid=63 | title=Latest Gold / Platinum Albums | publisher=Radioscope | accessdate=July 12, 2012 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724195817/http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=79&Itemid=62 | archivedate=July 24, 2011}}</ref> * SNEP: Gold<ref name="snepalbum">{{cite web | url=http://www.snepmusique.com/les-disques-dor/?awards_cat=0&awards_awd=0&awards_year=0&awards_artist=Rihanna&awards_title=&awards_edit_distrib=&awards_sort=date_certif-desc&awards_nb=30&submitAdvanced=Rechercher | title=Rihanna - Les Certifications | publisher=[[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique]] | language=French | accessdate=March 30, 2016 | archivedate=2016-10-09 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009172938/http://www.snepmusique.com/les-disques-dor/?awards_cat=0&awards_awd=0&awards_year=0&awards_artist=Rihanna&awards_title=&awards_edit_distrib=&awards_sort=date_certif-desc&awards_nb=30&submitAdvanced=Rechercher }}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''Rated R'' | * Ilitolewa: Novemba 23, 2009 {{small|(Marekani)}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/rated-r/id34034000 | title=Rated R by Rihanna | work=iTunes Store | accessdate=October 27, 2012 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111183626/https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/rated-r/id34034000 | archivedate=November 11, 2013}}</ref> * Lebo: Def Jam, SRP | 12 || 16 || 5 || 10 || 4 || 7 || 14 || 1 || 9 || 4 | * Uingereza: 701,298 * Marekani: 1,130,000 * Duniani: 3,000,000.<ref>{{cite press release|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/weekly-us-music-releases-rihannas-loud-springsteens-promise-and-kid-rock-2134790.html|title=Weekly US music releases: Rihanna's 'Loud,' Springsteen's 'Promise,' and Kid Rock – Music, Arts & Entertainment|publisher=[[Relaxnews]]|date=November 15, 2010|accessdate=November 2, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005065224/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/weekly-us-music-releases-rihannas-loud-springsteens-promise-and-kid-rock-2134790.html|archivedate=October 5, 2013}}</ref>}} | * RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2010-albums">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupageshttpwww.aria.com.aupagesARIACharts-Accreditations-2010Albums.htm |title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2010 Albums |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] |accessdate=January 19, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64wvH6tgx?url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupageshttpwww.aria.com.aupagesARIACharts-Accreditations-2010Albums.htm |archivedate=January 25, 2012 }}</ref> * BEA: Gold<ref name="BEA-2011">{{cite certification | region=Belgium | certyear=2011 | accessdate=October 29, 2012}}</ref> * BPI: 2× Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * IFPI: Platinum<ref>{{cite web | url=http://ifpi.org/content/section_news/plat2010.html | title=IFPI Platinum Europe Awards – 2010 | publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]] | accessdate=January 2, 2013 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102114825/http://ifpi.org/content/section_news/plat2010.html | archivedate=2013-11-02 }}</ref> * IFPI SWI: Platinum<ref name="IFPI SWI"/> * IRMA: Platinum<ref name="IRMA-2009-platinum-albums">{{cite web | url=http://www.irishcharts.ie/awards/platinum09.htm | title=2009 Certification Awards – Platinum | publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]] | accessdate=December 20, 2010 | archive-date=2018-07-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711233555/http://www.irishcharts.ie/awards/platinum09.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> * MC: Platinum<ref name="MC"/> * SNEP: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.snepmusique.com/fr/pag-259165-CERTIFICATIONS.html?year=2010&type=12 |title=Certifications Albums Platine – année 2010 |publisher=[[Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique]] |language=French |accessdate=October 29, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104220449/http://www.snepmusique.com/fr/pag-259165-CERTIFICATIONS.html?year=2010&type=12 |archivedate=November 4, 2013 |df= }}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''Loud'' | * Ilitolewa: Novemba 16, 2010 {{small|(Marekani)}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00428ZRFE | title=Rihanna: Loud | work=[[Amazon.com]] | accessdate=October 27, 2012}}</ref> * Lebo: Def Jam, SRP | 2 || 3 || 1 || 3 || 2 || 1 || 4 || 1 || 1 || 3 | * Ufaransa: 355,000 * Uingereza: 1,950,864<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.musicweek.com/news/read/official-charts-analysis-bowie-secures-consecutive-no-1-albums/064043|title=Official Charts Analysis: Bowie scores consecutive No.1 albums|last=Jones|first=Alan|date=February 5, 2016|work=[[Music Week]]|accessdate=February 16, 2016|subscription=yes}}</ref> * Marekani: 1,800,000 * Duniani: 8,000,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.craveonline.com/music/articles/177767-rihanna-reveals-new-album-tracklist-jay-z-collab|title=Rihanna Drops ‘Talk That Talk’ Tracklist, Jay-Z Collab|work=CraveOnline|accessdate=June 9, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610181606/http://www.craveonline.com/music/articles/177767-rihanna-reveals-new-album-tracklist-jay-z-collab|archivedate=2015-06-10}}</ref> | * RIAA: 3× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * ARIA: 3× Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2015-albums" /> * BEA: Platinum<ref name="BEA-2011"/> * BPI: 6× Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: 3× Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * IFPI: 3× Platinum<ref name="IFPI2011">{{cite web | url=http://ifpi.org/content/section_news/plat2011.html | title=IFPI Platinum Europe Awards – 2011 | publisher=[[International Federation of the Phonographic Industry]] | accessdate=January 2, 2013 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014110104/http://www.ifpi.org/content/section_news/plat2011.html | archivedate=2013-10-14 }}</ref> * IFPI SWI: 2× Platinum<ref name="IFPI SWI"/> * IRMA: 5× Platinum<ref name="IRMA-2010-multi-platinum-albums">{{cite web | url=http://www.irishcharts.ie/awards/multi_platinum10.htm | title=2010 Certification Awards – Multi Platinum | publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]] | accessdate=September 5, 2011 | archive-date=2014-08-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819122036/http://irishcharts.ie/awards/multi_platinum10.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> * MC: 3× Platinum<ref name="MC"/> * RMNZ: Platinum<ref name="Radioscope albums"/> |- ! scope="row"| ''Talk That Talk'' | * Ilitolewa: Novemba 21, 2011 {{small|(Marekani)}}<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mtv.co.uk/news/rihanna/333156-rihanna-we-found-love-calvin-harris-premiere | title=Rihanna's 'We Found Love' Gets First Radio Play | work=[[MTV]] | date=September 22, 2011 | accessdate=September 22, 2011 | archivedate=2011-12-27 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111227073612/http://www.mtv.co.uk/news/rihanna/333156-rihanna-we-found-love-calvin-harris-premiere }}</ref> * Lebo: Def Jam, SRP | 5 || 3 || 3 || 2 || 3 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 3 | * Ufaransa: 200,000 * Uingereza: 1,000,000<ref name=May2013Sales>{{cite web | url=http://www.chartsinfrance.net/Rihanna/news-85070.html | title=Rihanna : l'album 'Unapologetic' frôle les 3 millions de ventes en six mois | publisher=Charts in France | date=May 16, 2013 | accessdate=May 16, 2013 | language=French}}</ref> * Marekani: 1,150,000 * Duniani: 5,500,000<ref>{{cite news|title=This Just In...From CBS Entertainment: Grammy® Award-winning And Nominated Artists Rihanna, Justin Bieber And Bruno Mars To Perform On "THE VICTORIA'S SECRET FASHION SHOW," Tuesday, Dec. 4 On The CBS Television Network|url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/this-just-infrom-cbs-entertainment-grammy-award-winning-and-nominated-artists-rihanna-justin-bieber-and-bruno-mars-to-perform-on-the-victorias-secret-fashion-show-tuesday-dec-4-on-the-cbs-television-network-172484881.html|accessdate=10 July 2015|date=October 3, 2012}}</ref> | * RIAA: 3× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2012-albums">{{cite web | url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesALBUMaccreds2012.html | title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2012 Albums | publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] | accessdate=October 26, 2012}}</ref> * BEA: Gold<ref name="BEA-2011"/> * BPI: 3× Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * IFPI: Platinum<ref name="IFPI2011"/> * IFPI SWI: Platinum<ref name="IFPI SWI"/> * IRMA: 3× Platinum<ref name="IRMA-2011-multi-platinum-albums">{{cite web | url=http://www.irishcharts.ie/awards/multi_platinum11.htm | title=2011 Certification Awards – Multi Platinum | publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]] | accessdate=October 26, 2012 | archive-date=2014-08-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819094149/http://irishcharts.ie/awards/multi_platinum11.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> * RMNZ: Platinum<ref>{{cite web | url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=1825 | title=NZ Top 40 Albums Chart – 23 January 2012 | publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ|Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] | accessdate=November 19, 2012 | archive-date=2016-03-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306020152/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=1825 | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''Unapologetic'' | * Ilitolewa: Novemba 19, 2012 {{small|(Marekani)}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.amazon.com/Unapologetic-Rihanna/dp/B009R9WAZ8 | title=Rihanna: Unapologetic | work=[[Amazon.com]] | accessdate=November 23, 2012}}</ref> * Lebo: Def Jam, SRP | 8 || 2 || 1 || 3 || 3 || 1 || 5 || 1 || 1 || 1 | * Ufaransa: 240,000 * Uingereza: 635,000 * Marekani: 1,200,000 * Duniani: 4,000,000.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music/rihanna-shocks-fans-announcement-new-single-article-1.2162428|title=Rihanna shocks fans with announcement of new single: ‘B---h Better Have My Money’|work=[[New York Daily News]]|last=Vanmetre|first=Elizabeth|date=March 25, 2015|accessdate=March 26, 2015}}</ref> | * RIAA: 3× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2013-albums">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesaria-charts-accreditations-albums-2013.htm |title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2013 Albums |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] |accessdate=November 11, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140205035615/http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesaria-charts-accreditations-albums-2013.htm |archivedate=February 5, 2014 }}</ref> * BEA: Gold<ref name="BEA-2012">{{cite certification | region=Belgium | certyear=2012 | accessdate=October 29, 2012}}</ref> * BPI: 2× Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * IRMA: 2× Platinum<ref name="IRMA-2012-platinum-albums">{{cite web | url=http://www.irishcharts.ie/awards/platinum12.htm | title=2013 Certification Awards – Platinum | publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]] | accessdate=March 15, 2013 | archive-date=2013-10-17 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017013204/http://www.irishcharts.ie/awards/platinum12.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref> * IFPI SWI: Platinum<ref name="IFPI SWI"/> * MC: Platinum<ref name="MC"/> * RMNZ: Gold<ref>{{cite web | url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=2103 | title=NZ Top 40 Albums Chart – 17 December 2012 | publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ|Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] | accessdate=December 27, 2012 | archive-date=2016-03-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305012109/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/albums?chart=2103 | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| ''Anti'' | * Ilitolewa: Januari 28, 2016 * Lebo: Westbury Road, [[Roc Nation]] | 5 || 8 || 1 || 6 || 3 || 2 || 5 || 2 || 7 || 1 | *Marekani: 603,000 * Duniani: 1,100,000<ref name="WW sales">{{cite book|url=http://www.anuariossgae.com/anuario2017/anuariopdfs/04_MGRABADA.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924231354/http://www.anuariossgae.com/anuario2017/anuariopdfs/04_MGRABADA.pdf |dead-url=no |archive-date=24 September 2017 |title=Anuario SGAE 2016 (Musica Grabada) |work=[[Sociedad General de Autores y Editores|SGAE]]|date=24 September 2017 |accessdate=24 September 2017 |df= |language=Spanish|page=29}}</ref> | *RIAA: 3× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> *BPI: Gold<ref name="BPI"/> *MC: Gold<ref name="MC"/> *SNEP: Platinum<ref name="snepalbum"/> |} ===Nyimbɒ=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" border="1" |+ Orodha ya nyimbo, pamoja na nafasi zinazoshika, na albamu yake. ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:19em;"| Nyimbo ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Mwaka ! scope="col" colspan="10"| Nafasi iliyoshika katika nchi tofauti ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:14em;"| Matunukio ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Albamu |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Australia<br /><ref name="AUS-singles">Peak chart positions for singles in Australia: * All except noted: {{cite web | url=http://australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Rihanna | title=Discography Rihanna | work=australian-charts.com | accessdate=April 13, 2011 }} * "Hard": {{cite web | title=The ARIA Report: Issue 1038 (Week Commencing 18 January 2010) | url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20100205-0000/issue1038.pdf | publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] | accessdate=November 29, 2010 | page=4 | format=PDF }} * "Wait Your Turn": {{cite web | title=The ARIA Report: Issue 1032 (Week Commencing 7 December 2009) | url=http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20100105-0000/issue1032.pdf | publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association | accessdate=November 21, 2010 | page=2 | format=PDF }} * "American Oxygen": {{cite web|url=http://www.noise11.com/news/aria-singles-wiz-khalifa-and-charlie-puth-spend-third-week-on-top-music-news-20150425|title=ARIA Singles: Wiz Khalifa and Charlie Puth Spend Third Week On Top|publisher=Noise11|last=Ryan|first=Gavin|date=April 25, 2015|accessdate=April 25, 2015}} * "Nothing Is Promised": {{cite web|url=http://www.noise11.com/news/music-news-aria-singles-drake-returns-to-no-1-20160618|title=ARIA Singles: Drake Returns to No 1|publisher=Noise11|last=Ryan|first=Gavin|date=June 18, 2016|accessdate=June 18, 2016}} * "Sledgehammer": {{cite web|url=https://www.auspop.com.au/2016/07/chart-watch-376/|title=CHART WATCH #376|publisher=auspOp|date=July 9, 2016|accessdate=July 9, 2016|archivedate=2016-08-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822090454/https://www.auspop.com.au/2016/07/chart-watch-376/}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Ubelgiji<br /><ref name="BEL (FL)"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Canada<br /><ref name="CAN-singles">Peak chart positions for singles in Canada: * All except "Pon de Replay", "SOS", "Unfaithful" and "Break It Off": {{cite web | url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rihanna/chart-history/canadian-hot-100 | title=Rihanna – Chart History: Billboard Canadian Hot 100 | work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]| accessdate=March 31, 2018}} * "Pon de Replay", "SOS", "Unfaithful" and "Break It Off": {{cite web | url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/rihanna-mn0000367188/awards | title=Rihanna – Awards (Billboard Singles) | publisher=[[AllMusic]]| accessdate=October 29, 2012}} * "Just Stand Up!": {{cite web | url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/canadian-hot-100/2008-09-20 | title=Billboard Canadian Hot 100: September 20, 2008 | work=Billboard | accessdate=October 29, 2012}} * "All of the Lights": {{cite web | url=https://www.billboard.com/music/kanye-west/chart-history/canadian-hot-100 | title=Kanye West – Chart History: Billboard Canadian Hot 100 | work=Billboard | accessdate=October 29, 2012}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Ufaransa<br /><ref name="FRA"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Ujerumani<br /><ref name="GER-singles">Peak chart positions for singles in Germany: * All except "Princess of China" and "Stay": {{cite web | title=Chartverfolgung / Rihanna / Single | url=http://www.musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Rihanna/?type=single | work=musicline.de | accessdate=November 27, 2010 | language=German | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126045750/http://musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Rihanna/?type=single | archive-date=November 26, 2010 | dead-url=yes | df=mdy-all | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126045750/http://musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Rihanna/?type=single | archivedate=2010-11-26 }} * "Princess of China" and "Stay": {{cite web | title=Rihanna (Singles) | url=http://www.officialcharts.de/suche.asp?search=Rihanna&x=6&y=7&country=de&kategorie=single | work=charts.de | accessdate=October 29, 2012 | language=German }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Ireland<br /><ref name="IRL"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| New Zealand<br /><ref name="NZ"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Uswisi<br /><ref name="SWI"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Uingereza<br /><ref name="UK-singles">Peak chart positions for singles in the United Kingdom: * All except "Raining Men", "Pour It Up", "Loveeeeeee Song", "Jump" and "Selfish": {{cite web | url=http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/rihanna/ | title=Rihanna | publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] | accessdate=October 29, 2012 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110205413/http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/rihanna | archivedate=January 10, 2011 | df=mdy-all }} * "Pour It Up": {{cite web | url=http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/130406cluk.txt | title=Chart Log UK: New Entries Update – 6.04.2013 (wk13) | work=zobbel.de | accessdate=April 7, 2013 | author=Zywietz, Tobias }} * "Raining Men": {{cite web | url=http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/CLUK_R.HTM | title=Chart Log UK: The Rabble Army – RZA | publisher=Zobbel.de | accessdate=October 20, 2011 | author=Zywietz, Tobias }} * "Loveeeeeee Song" and "Jump": {{cite web | title=Chart Log UK – 2012 + Weekly Updates + Sales 2012 | url=http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/CLUK2012.HTM | publisher=Zobbel.de | accessdate=February 10, 2013 | author=Zywietz, Tobias }} * "Selfish": {{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/charts/singles-chart/20170303|title=Official Singles Chart Top 100|publisher=Official Charts Company|date=March 3, 2017|accessdate=May 6, 2017}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Marekani<br /><ref name="US-singles">Peak chart positions for singles in the United States: * All except noted: {{cite web | url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rihanna/chart-history/hot-100 | title=Rihanna – Chart History: Hot 100 | work=Billboard | accessdate=March 31, 2018}} * "Just Stand Up!": {{cite web | url=http://www.billboard.com/charts/hot-100/2008-09-20 | title=The Hot 100: September 20, 2008 (Biggest Jump) | work=Billboard | accessdate=October 29, 2012}} * "All of the Lights": {{cite web | url=https://www.billboard.com/music/kanye-west/chart-history/hot-100 | title=Kanye West – Chart History: Hot 100 | work=Billboard | accessdate=March 31, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "Pon de Replay" | rowspan="2"| 2005 | 6 || 5 || 3 || 18 || 6 || 2 || 1 || 3 || 2 || 2 | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2006-singles">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/ariacharts-accreditations-2006singles.htm |title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2006 Singles |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] |accessdate=February 28, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64wvT6oq3?url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/ARIACharts-Accreditations-2006Singles.htm |archivedate=January 25, 2012 |df= }}</ref> * BPI: Gold<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Gold<ref name="Radioscope-singles">{{cite web | url=http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=77&Itemid=63 | title=Latest Gold / Platinum Singles | publisher=Radioscope | accessdate=May 11, 2012 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724195729/http://www.radioscope.net.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=77&Itemid=63 | archivedate=July 24, 2011}}</ref> | rowspan="2"| ''Music of the Sun'' |- ! scope="row"| "If It's Lovin' that You Want" | 9 || 25 || — || — || 25 || 8 || 9 || 19 || 11 || 36 | * RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA"/> |- ! scope="row"| "SOS" | rowspan="4"| 2006 | 1 || 2 || 1 || 12 || 2 || 3 || 3 || 3 || 2 || 1 | * ARIA: 2× Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2015-singles">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/SingleAccreds2015.htm |title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2015 Singles |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] |accessdate=November 6, 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6cs31nd5c?url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/SingleAccreds2015.htm |archivedate=November 7, 2015 }}</ref> * BPI: Gold<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> | rowspan="4"| ''A Girl like Me'' |- ! scope="row"| "Unfaithful" | 2 || 3 || 1 || 7 || 2 || 2 || 4 || 1 || 2 || 6 | * ARIA: Gold<ref name="ARIA-2007-singles">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesariacharts-accreditations-2007singles.htm |title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2007 Singles |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] |accessdate=February 28, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112121943/http://aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesARIACharts-Accreditations-2007Singles.htm |archivedate=January 12, 2011 }}</ref> * BEA: Gold<ref name="BEA-2007">{{cite certification | region=Belgium | certyear=2007 | accessdate=October 29, 2012}}</ref> * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Platinum<ref name="BVMI"/> * IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="IFPI SWI"/> * RIAA: 3× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> |- ! scope="row"| "We Ride" | 24 || 40 || — || — || 45 || 17 || 8 || 42 || 17 || —<ref name="US-Bubbling-singles">{{cite web | url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=Rihanna|chart=Bubbling Under Hot 100}} | title=Rihanna – Chart History: Bubbling Under Hot 100 | work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | accessdate=September 1, 2013}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | * RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Break It Off"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Sean Paul]])}} | — || 60 || 19 || — || — || — || — || — || — || 9 | * RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Umbrella"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Jay Z|Jay-Z]])}} | rowspan="4"| 2007 | 1 || 1 || 1 || 6 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 | * ARIA: 5× Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2015-singles" /> * BEA: Platinum<ref name="BEA-2007"/> * BPI: 2× Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: 2× Platinum<ref name="BVMI"/> * IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="IFPI SWI"/> * RIAA: 6× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Platinum<ref name="Radioscope-singles"/> | rowspan="4"| ''Good Girl Gone Bad'' |- ! scope="row"| "Shut Up and Drive" | 4 || 9 || 6 || 3 || 6 || 5 || 12 || 14 || 5 || 15 | * ARIA: 2× Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2015-singles" /> * BPI: Silver<ref name="BPI"/> * RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Hate That I Love You"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Ne-Yo]])}} | 14 || 23 || 17 || 16 || 11 || 13 || 6 || 13 || 15 || 7 | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2015-singles" /> * BPI: Silver<ref name="BPI"/> * RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Gold<ref name="Radioscope-singles"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Don't Stop the Music" | 1 || 1 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 6 || 3 || 1 || 4 || 3 | * ARIA: 5× Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2015-singles" /> * BEA: Platinum<ref name="BEA-2008">{{cite certification | region=Belgium | certyear=2008 | accessdate=October 29, 2012}}</ref> * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: 3× Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * RIAA: 4× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Platinum<ref name="Radioscope-singles"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Take a Bow" | rowspan="3"| 2008 | 3 || 13 || 1 || 12 || 6 || 1 || 2 || 7 || 1 || 1 | * ARIA: 3× Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2015-singles" /> * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * RIAA: 4× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Platinum<ref name="Radioscope-singles"/> | rowspan="2"| ''Good Girl Gone Bad:<br>Reloaded'' |- ! scope="row"| "Disturbia" | 6 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 5 || 4 || 1 || 4 || 3 || 1 | * ARIA: 3× Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2015-singles" /> * BEA: Platinum<ref name="BEA-2009">{{cite certification | region=Belgium | certyear=2009 | accessdate=October 29, 2012}}</ref> * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * RIAA: 6× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Platinum<ref name="Radioscope-singles"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Rehab" | 26 || 64 || 19 || 30 || 4 || 22 || 12 || 13 || 16 || 18 | * BPI: Silver<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Gold<ref name="Radioscope-singles"/> | ''Good Girl Gone Bad'' |- ! scope="row"| "Russian Roulette" | rowspan="3"| 2009 | 7 || 5 || 9 || 4 || 2 || 5 || 9 || 1 || 2 || 9 | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2015-singles" /> * BPI: Gold<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="IFPI SWI"/> * RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Gold<ref name="Radioscope-singles"/> | rowspan="6"| ''Rated R'' |- ! scope="row"| "Hard"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Jeezy]])}} | 51 || — || 9 || — || — || 33 || 15 || — || 42 || 8 | * RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Wait Your Turn" | 82 || — || — || — || — || 32 || — || — || 45 || — |- ! scope="row"| "Rude Boy" | rowspan="6"| 2010 | 1 || 3 || 7 || 8 || 4 || 3 || 3 || 5 || 2 || 1 | * ARIA: 4× Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2015-singles" /> * BEA: Gold<ref name="BEA-2011"/> * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="IFPI SWI"/> * RIAA: 5× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Platinum<ref name="Radioscope-singles"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Rockstar 101"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Slash (musician)|Slash]])}} | 24 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 64 | * RIAA: Platinum |- ! scope="row"| "Te Amo" | 22 || 10 || 66 || 17 || 11 || 16 || — || 9 || 14 || — | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2015-singles" /> * BPI: Silver<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="IFPI SWI"/> * RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Only Girl (In the World)" | 1 || 2 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 1 || 1 | * ARIA: 7× Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2015-singles" /> * BEA: Platinum<ref name="BEA-2011"/> * BPI: 2× Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: 3× Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * IFPI SWI: 2× Platinum<ref name="IFPI SWI"/> * RIAA: 6× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Platinum<ref name="Radioscope-singles"/> | rowspan="7"| ''Loud'' |- ! scope="row"| "What's My Name?"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Drake (musician)|Drake]])}} | 18 || 28 || 5 || 16 || 12 || 3 || 3 || 13 || 1 || 1 | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2011-singles">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupageshttpwww.aria.com.auSINGLEaccreds2011.htm |title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2011 Singles |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] |accessdate=November 27, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515024609/http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupageshttpwww.aria.com.auSINGLEaccreds2011.htm |archivedate=May 15, 2011 }}</ref> * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="IFPI SWI"/> * RIAA: 6× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Platinum<ref name="Radioscope-singles"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Raining Men"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Nicki Minaj]])}} | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 142 || — | |- ! scope="row"| "S&M"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Britney Spears]])}} | rowspan="6"| 2011 | 1 || 3 || 1 || 3 || 2 || 3 || 2 || 2 || 3 || 1 | * ARIA: 6× Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2015-singles" /> * BEA: Platinum<ref name="BEA-2013">{{cite certification | region=Belgium | certyear=2013 | accessdate=February 18, 2013}}</ref> * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Platinum<ref name="BVMI"/> * IFPI SWI: Platinum<ref name="IFPI SWI"/> * RIAA: 5× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Platinum<ref name="Radioscope-singles"/> |- ! scope="row"| "California King Bed" | 4 || 9 || 20 || 30 || 8 || 11 || 4 || 10 || 8 || 37 | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2011-singles"/> * BPI: Gold<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="IFPI SWI"/> * RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Gold<ref name="Radioscope-singles"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Man Down" | — || 3 || 63 || 1 || — || — || — || 9 || 54 || 59 | * BEA: Gold<ref name="BEA-2011"/> * BPI: Silver<ref name="BPI"/> * IFPI SWI: Gold<ref name="IFPI SWI"/> * RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Cheers (Drink to That)" | 6 || 62 || 6 || 64 || 26 || 16 || 5 || 66 || 15 || 7 | * ARIA: 3× Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2015-singles" /> * BPI: Silver<ref name="BPI"/> * RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Platinum<ref>{{cite web | url=http://rianz.org.nz/rianz/oldchart.asp?chartNum=1796&chartKind=S | title=Top 40 Singles Chart – Chart #1796 – Issue Date: 24 October 2011 | publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ|Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] | accessdate=November 5, 2012 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104213843/http://rianz.org.nz/rianz/oldchart.asp?chartNum=1796&chartKind=S | archivedate=November 4, 2013 | df=mdy-all }}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "We Found Love"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Calvin Harris]])}} | 2 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 | * ARIA: 8× Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2015-singles" /> * BEA: Platinum<ref name="BEA-2011"/> * BPI: 2× Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: 2× Platinum<ref name="BVMI"/> * IFPI SWI: 2× Platinum<ref name="IFPI SWI"/> * RIAA: 9× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: 3× Platinum<ref>{{cite web | url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1805 | title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart – 16 January 2012 | publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ|Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] | accessdate=October 29, 2012 | archive-date=2016-03-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316005303/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1805 | url-status=dead }}</ref> | rowspan="3"| ''Talk That Talk'' |- ! scope="row"| "You da One" | 26 || 50 || 12 || 23 || 30 || 12 || 10 || 36 || 16 || 14 | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2012-singles">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesSINGLEaccreds2012.htm |title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2012 Singles |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] |accessdate=October 29, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6JdeigGMv?url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesSINGLEaccreds2012.htm |archivedate=September 15, 2013 }}</ref> * BPI: Silver<ref name="BPI"/> * RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Gold<ref>{{cite web | url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1792 | title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart – 09 January 2012 | publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ|Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] | accessdate=June 11, 2012 | archive-date=2016-03-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304183241/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1792 | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "Talk That Talk"<br />{{small|(pamoja na Jay-Z)}} | rowspan="6"| 2012 | 28 || — || 30 || 24 || 63 || 22 || 37 || 11 || 25 || 31 | * ARIA: Gold<ref name="ARIA-2012-singles"/> * BPI: Silver<ref name="BPI"/> * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Princess of China"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Coldplay]])}} | 16 || 20 || 17 || 24 || 41 || 5 || 8 || 20 || 4 || 20 | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2012-singles"/> * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * RMNZ: Gold<ref>{{cite web | url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1953 | title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart – 16 July 2012 | publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ|Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] | accessdate=June 11, 2012 | archive-date=2015-09-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924100141/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1953 | url-status=dead }}</ref> | ''[[Mylo Xyloto]]'' |- ! scope="row"| "Birthday Cake" {{small|(Remix)<br />(pamoja na [[Chris Brown]])}} | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 24 | * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> | rowspan="3"| ''Talk That Talk'' |- ! scope="row"| "Where Have You Been" | 6 || 9 || 5 || 2 || 17 || 8 || 4 || 15 || 6 || 5 | * ARIA: 3× Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2015-singles" /> * BEA: Gold<ref name="BEA-2012"/> * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * RIAA: 4× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Platinum<ref>{{cite web | url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1942 | title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart – 11 June 2012 | publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ|Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] | accessdate=October 29, 2012 | archive-date=2016-03-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305165055/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1942 | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "Cockiness (Love It)" {{small|(Remix)<br />(pamoja na [[ASAP Rocky]])}} | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || —{{efn|"Cockiness (Love It) Remix" did not enter the ''Billboard'' Hot 100, but peaked at number two on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart.<ref name="US-Bubbling-singles"/>}} | * RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Diamonds" | 6 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 1 | * ARIA: 6× Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2015-singles" /> * BEA: Platinum<ref name="BEA-2013"/> * BPI: 2× Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: 5× Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * IFPI SWI: 2× Platinum<ref name="IFPI SWI"/> * MC: Gold<ref name="MC"/> * RIAA: 6× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite web | url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=2099 | title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart – 26 November 2012 | publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ|Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] | accessdate=November 26, 2012 | archive-date=2016-03-06 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306025114/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=2099 | url-status=dead }}</ref> | rowspan="7"|''Unapologetic'' |- ! scope="row"| "Stay"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Mikky Ekko]])}} | rowspan="5"| 2013 | 4 || 3 || 1 || 2 || 2 || 2 || 4 || 2 || 4 || 3 | * ARIA: 5× Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2014-singles">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesaria-charts-accreditations-singles-2014.htm |title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2014 Singles |publisher=ARIA |accessdate=January 26, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6QbWDqX3X?url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesaria-charts-accreditations-singles-2014.htm |archivedate=June 25, 2014 }}</ref> * BEA: Platinum<ref name="BEA-2013"/> * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: 3× Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * RIAA: 7× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite web | url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=2195 | title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart – 28 January 2013 | publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ|Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] | accessdate=January 28, 2012 | archive-date=2013-11-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104201025/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=2195 | url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "Pour It Up" | — || — || 49 || 92 || — || 56 || — || — || 43 || 19 | * BPI: Silver<ref name="BPI"/> * RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Loveeeeeee Song"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Future (rapper)|Future]])}} | — || — || — || 110 || — || — || — || — || 105 || 55 | * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Right Now"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[David Guetta]])}} | 39 || 34 || 32 || 31 || 43 || 52 || 54 || 32 || 36 || 50 | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2015-singles" /> * RIAA: Gold<ref name="RIAA"/> |- ! scope="row"| "What Now" | 21 || — || 27 || 52 || 49 || 21 || 13 || 46 || 21 || 25 | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2013-singles">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesaria-charts-accreditations-singles-2013.htm |title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2013 Singles |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] |accessdate=February 18, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6GSMovwHm?url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesaria-charts-accreditations-singles-2013.htm |archivedate=May 8, 2013 }}</ref> * BPI: Silver<ref name="BPI"/> * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Jump" | 2014 | 5 || — || — || 153 || — || — || 10 || — || 150 || — | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2014-singles"/> * RMNZ: Gold<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=2471|title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart - The Official New Zealand Music Chart|work=THE OFFICIAL NZ MUSIC CHART|accessdate=2019-04-05|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001706/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=2471|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! scope="row"| "FourFiveSeconds"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Kanye West]] & [[Paul McCartney]])}} | rowspan="4" | 2015 | 1 || 5 || 3 || 2 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 3 || 3 || 4 | * ARIA: 3× Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2015-singles" /> * BEA: Platinum<ref name="BEA-2016"/> * BPI: 2× Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Platinum<ref name="BVMI"/> * IFPI SWI: Platinum<ref name="IFPI SWI"/> * RIAA: 3× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite certification|region=New Zealand|artist=Rihanna, Kanye West & Paul McCartney|title=FourFiveSeconds|type=single|recent=website|id=4010|accessdate=May 1, 2015}}</ref> * SNEP: Gold<ref name="singles cert france">{{cite web|url=http://www.snepmusique.com/les-disques-dor/?awards_cat=64&awards_awd=or|title=Singles - SNEP|publisher=Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique|accessdate=February 19, 2016|language=French|archivedate=2016-03-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305085319/http://www.snepmusique.com/les-disques-dor/?awards_cat=64&awards_awd=or}}</ref> | {{n/a|non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" | "Towards the Sun" | — || — || — || 22 || — || — || — || — || 76 || — | | ''Home'' |- ! scope="row" | "Bitch Better Have My Money" | 14 || 27 || 11 || 3 || 17 || 39 || 10 || 7 || 27 || 15 | * ARIA: Gold<ref name="ARIA-2015-singles" /> * BPI: Gold<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Gold<ref>{{cite certification|region=New Zealand|artist=Rihanna|title=Bitch Better Have My Money|type=single|recent=website|id=4099|accessdate=July 17, 2015}}</ref> * SNEP: Gold<ref name="singles cert france"/> | rowspan="2" {{n/a|non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row" | "American Oxygen" | 65 || — || 59 || 25 || 39 || 39 || — || 30 || 71 || 78 | |- ! scope="row" | "Work" <br />{{small|(pamoja na Drake)}} | rowspan="6"| 2016 | 5 || 6 || 1 || 1 || 5 || 2 || 2 || 9 || 2 || 1 | * ARIA: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.noise11.com/news/music-news-aria-singles-drake-returns-to-no-1-20160618|title=ARIA Singles: Drake Returns to No 1|publisher=Noise11|last=Ryan|first=Gavin|date=June 18, 2016|accessdate=June 18, 2016}}</ref> * BEA: Platinum<ref name="BEA-2016">{{cite certification |region=Belgium |certyear=2016 |accessdate=June 12, 2016}}</ref> * BPI: 2× Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Platinum<ref name="BVMI"/> * MC: Gold<ref name="MC"/> * RIAA: 6× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite certification|region=New Zealand|artist=Rihanna feat. Drake|title=Work|type=single|recent=website|id=4229|accessdate=May 6, 2016}}</ref> * SNEP: Diamond<ref name="singles cert france"/> | rowspan="3" |''Anti'' |- ! scope="row"| "Kiss It Better" | 48 || — || — || 76 || — || 66 || —<ref name="New Zealand Heatseekers">{{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=4229|title=NZ Heatseeker Singles Chart|publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]|date=May 9, 2016|accessdate=May 6, 2016|archive-date=2018-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308042840/https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=4229|url-status=dead}}</ref> || — || 46 || 62 | * BPI: Silver<ref name="BPI"/> * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Gold<ref>{{cite certification|region=New Zealand|title=Needed Me|artist=Rihanna|type=single|award=Gold|recent=website|id=4236|autocat=yes|accessdate=June 11, 2016}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | "Needed Me" | 44 || — || 25 || 94 || 57 || 58 || 14 || 45 || 38 || 7 | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA October 10">{{cite web|url=https://www.auspop.com.au/2016/10/aria-chart-watch-389/|title=CHART WATCH #389|publisher=auspOp|date=October 8, 2016|accessdate=October 8, 2016|archivedate=2016-10-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009204300/https://www.auspop.com.au/2016/10/aria-chart-watch-389/}}</ref> * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * MC: 2× Platinum<ref name="MC"/> * RIAA: 5× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Platinum<ref>{{cite certification|region=New Zealand|title=Needed Me|artist=Rihanna|type=single|recent=website|id=4280|accessdate=October 7, 2016}}</ref> * SNEP: Gold<ref name="singles cert france"/> |- ! scope="row"| "[[Nothing Is Promised]]"<br>{{small|(with [[Mike Will Made It]])}} | 69 || — || — || 25 || — || — || —<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=4240|title=NZ Heatseeker Singles Chart|publisher=Recorded Music NZ|date=June 20, 2016|accessdate=June 17, 2016|archive-date=2016-06-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619111936/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=4240|url-status=dead}}</ref> || — || 64 || 75 | | ''Ransom 2'' |- ! scope="row"| "Sledgehammer" | 69 || 40 || — || 60 || — || — || —<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=4250|title=NZ Heatseeker Singles Chart|publisher=Recorded Music NZ|date=July 11, 2016|accessdate=July 8, 2016|archive-date=2016-07-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160720073430/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=4250|url-status=dead}}</ref> || — || 69 || — | | ''Star Trek Beyond'' |- ! scope="row"| "Love on the Brain" | — || 33 || 22 || 12 || 21 || — || 15 || 26 || 175 || 5 | * BEA: Gold<ref name="BEA-2017">{{cite certification |region=Belgium |certyear=2017 |accessdate=May 19, 2017}}</ref> * BPI: Silver<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * MC: Platinum<ref name="MC"/> * RIAA: 3× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Gold<ref>{{cite certification|region=New Zealand||artist=Rihanna|title=Love on the Brain|award=Gold|type=single|recent=website|id=4266|relyear=2016|relmonth=8|accessdate=September 2, 2016}}</ref> * SNEP: Platinum<ref name="singles cert france"/> | ''Anti'' |- ! scope="row"| "Lemon"<br>{{small|(pamoja na [[N.E.R.D]])}} | 2017 | 44 || — || 33 || 47 || — || 51 || 37 || 59 || 31 || 36 | * ARIA: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.auspop.com.au/2018/4/aria-chart-watch-468/|title=ARIA Chart Watch #468|publisher=auspOp|date=April 14, 2018|accessdate=April 14, 2018|archivedate=2019-08-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802203501/https://www.auspop.com.au/2018/4/aria-chart-watch-468/}}</ref> * BPI: Silver<ref name="BPI"/> * MC: 2× Platinum<ref name="MC"/> * RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Gold<ref>{{cite certification|region=New Zealand||artist=N.E.R.D. and Rihanna|title=Lemon (Drake Remix)|award=Gold|type=single|recent=website|id=4469|relyear=2018|relmonth=3|accessdate=March 30, 2018}}</ref> | ''No One Ever Really Dies'' |- ! scope="row"| "Roll It"<br />{{small|([[J-Status]] pamoja na Rihanna)}} | 2007 | — || — || — || — || 33 || — || — || 89 || — || — | | ''The Beginning'' |- ! scope="row"| "If I Never See Your Face Again"<br />{{small|([[Maroon 5]] pamoja na Rihanna)}} | rowspan="2"| 2008 | 11 || 68 || 12 || — || — || 16 || 21 || 52 || 28 || 51 | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2014-singles"/> * MC: Gold<ref name="MC"/> * RIAA: Platinum<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|artist=Maroon 5|title=If I Never See Your Face Again|type=single|accessdate=September 17, 2018}}</ref> | ''It Won't Be Soon Before Long'' |- ! scope="row"| "Live Your Life"<br />{{small|([[T.I.]] pamoja na Rihanna)}} | 3 || 15 || 4 || 17 || 12 || 3 || 2 || 8 || 2 || 1 | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2009-singles">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupageshttpwww.aria.com.aupageshttpwww.aria.com.aupagesARIACharts-Accr.htm |title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2009 Singles |publisher=[[Australian Recording Industry Association]] |accessdate=February 28, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090426011929/http://aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupageshttpwww.aria.com.aupageshttpwww.aria.com.aupagesARIACharts-Accr.htm |archivedate=April 26, 2009 }}</ref> * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * RIAA: 3× Platinum<ref>{{cite certification | region=United States | artist=T.I. | title=Live Your Life | type=single | accessdate=October 29, 2012}}</ref> * RMNZ: Platinum<ref name="Radioscope-singles"/> | ''Paper Trail'' |- ! scope="row"| "Run This Town"<br />{{small|(Jay-Z pamoja na Rihanna & Kanye West)}} | 2009 | 9 || 28 || 6 || — || 18 || 3 || 9 || 9 || 1 || 2 | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2010-singles">{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.auaccreds2010.htm |title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2010 Singles |publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association |accessdate=January 18, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205164623/http://aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.auaccreds2010.htm |archivedate=December 5, 2010 }}</ref> * BPI: Gold<ref name="BPI"/> * RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite certification | region=United States | artist=Jay-Z | title=Run This Town | type=single | accessdate=October 29, 2012}}</ref> * RMNZ: Gold<ref name="Radioscope-singles"/> | ''The Blueprint 3'' |- ! scope="row"| "Love the Way You Lie"<br />{{small|([[Eminem]] pamoja na Rihanna)}} | rowspan="2" | 2010 | 1 || 1 || 1 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 2 || 1 | * RIAA: 12× Platinum<ref name=riaa>{{cite certification|region=United States|type=single|artist=Rihanna|accessdate=March 31, 2018}}</ref> * ARIA: 10× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/SingleAccreds2015.htm|title=ARIA Charts – Accreditations – 2015 Singles |publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association |accessdate=March 6, 2017}}</ref> * BEA: Gold<ref name="BEA-2010"/> * BPI: 3× Platinum<ref>https://www.bpi.co.uk/award/10680-3222-1</ref> * BVMI: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite certification|region=Germany|artist=Eminem|title=Love the Way You Lie|accessdate=April 17, 2018}}</ref> * IFPI SWI: 3× Platinum<ref name="IFPI SWI"/> * RMNZ: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite certification|region=New Zealand|type=single|recent=website|id=1615|accessdate=March 6, 2017}}</ref> | ''Recovery'' |- ! scope="row"| "Who's That Chick?"<br />{{small|(David Guetta pamoja na Rihanna)}} | 7 || 6 || 26 || 5 || 6 || 4 || 8 || 8 || 6 || 51 | * ARIA: 2× Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2011-singles"/> * BEA: Gold<ref name="BEA-2011"/> * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * RMNZ: Platinum<ref name="Radioscope-singles"/> | ''One Love'' |- ! scope="row"| "All of the Lights"<br />{{small|(Kanye West pamoja na Rihanna)}} | rowspan="2"| 2011 | 24 || — || 53 || 52 || — || 13 || 13 || 46 || 15 || 18 | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2011-singles"/> * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * RIAA: 4x Platinum<ref>{{cite certification | region=United States | artist=Kanye West | title=All of the Lights | type=single | accessdate=October 29, 2012}}</ref> * RMNZ: Gold<ref name="Radioscope-singles"/> | ''My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy'' |- ! scope="row"| "Fly"<br />{{small|(Nicki Minaj pamoja na Rihanna)}} | 18 || 74 || 55 || — || — || 14 || 13 || — || 16 || 19 | * ARIA: Gold<ref name="ARIA-2012-singles"/> * BPI: Silver<ref name="BPI"/> * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite certification | region=United States | artist=Nicki Minaj | title=Fly | type=single | accessdate=October 29, 2012}}</ref> | ''Pink Friday'' |- ! scope="row"| "Take Care"<br />{{small|(Drake pamoja na Rihanna)}} | 2012 | 9 || 36 || 15 || 27 || — || 18 || 6 || 50 || 9 || 7 | * ARIA: 2× Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2012-singles"/> * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * MC: 2× Platinum<ref name="MC"/> * RIAA: 4× Platinum<ref name="ReferenceA"/> * RMNZ: Platinum<ref>{{cite web | url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1950 | title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart – 02 July 2012 | publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ|Recording Industry Association of New Zealand]] | accessdate=October 29, 2012 | archive-date=2016-03-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305064124/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=1950 | url-status=dead }}</ref> | ''Take Care'' |- ! scope="row"| "Bad" (Remix)<br />{{small|([[Wale (rapper)|Wale]] pamoja na Rihanna)}} | rowspan="2"| 2013 | — || — || — || 141 || — || — || — || — || 112 || 21 | *RIAA: Platinum<ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite certification|region=United States|artist=Wale|accessdate=May 31, 2013}}</ref> |''The Gifted'' |- ! scope="row"| "The Monster" <br />{{small|(Eminem pamoja na Rihanna)}} | 1 || 2 || 1 || 1 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 || 1 | * RIAA: 6× Platinum<ref name="riaa"/> * ARIA: 5× Platinum<ref name="ARIA-2014-singles"/> * BEA: Gold<ref>{{cite certification |region=Belgium |certyear=2014 |accessdate=May 30, 2017}}</ref> * BPI: Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: 3× Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * IFPI SWI: Platinum<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.swisscharts.com/search_certifications.asp?search=Eminem| title=Awards|accessdate=June 18, 2016}}</ref> * MC: 2× Platinum{{Certification Cite Ref|region=Canada|type=digital download|title=The Monster Feat. Rihanna|artist=Eminem}} * RMNZ: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite web | url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=2417 | title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart – 17 February 2014 | publisher=Recorded Music NZ | accessdate=February 16, 2014 | archive-date=2017-08-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812175714/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=2417 | url-status=dead }}</ref> | ''The Marshall Mathers LP 2'' |- ! scope="row"| "Can't Remember to Forget You" <br />{{small|([[Shakira]] pamoja na Rihanna)}} | 2014 | 18 || 9 || 19 || 5 || 8 || 7 || 32 || 7 || 11 || 15 | * ARIA: Gold<ref name="ARIA-2014-singles"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref>{{cite web|title=Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (''Enter ''Shakira'' in ''Interpret'' and click on ''Suchen'''') |url=http://www.musikindustrie.de/no_cache/gold_platin_datenbank/#topSearch |publisher=BVMI |accessdate=August 8, 2014 |language=German |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151124171739/http://www.musikindustrie.de/no_cache/gold_platin_datenbank/ |archivedate=November 24, 2015 |df= }}</ref> * BPI: Silver<ref name="BPI"/> * IFPI SWI: Gold<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.swisscharts.com/search_certifications.asp?search=Shakira| title=Shakira - Awards|accessdate=June 18, 2016}}</ref> | ''Shakira'' |- ! scope="row"| "This Is What You Came For"<br />{{small|(Calvin Harris pamoja na Rihanna)}} | rowspan="2"| 2016 | 1 || 4 || 1 || 5 || 5 || 1 || 2 || 4 || 2 || 3 | * ARIA: 7× Platinum<ref name="ARIA 2017">{{cite certification|region=Australia|type=single|certyear=2017|accessdate=August 15, 2017}}</ref> * BEA: Platinum<ref name="BEA-2016"/> * BPI: 2× Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Platinum<ref>{{cite certification|region=Germany|artist=Calvin Harris|title=This Is What You Came For|accessdate=February 3, 2017|best=no}}</ref> * MC: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=https://musiccanada.com/gold-platinum/?fwp_gp_search=%20Calvin+Harris|title=Gold/Platinum - Music Canada|date=June 13, 2016|accessdate=June 18, 2016}}</ref> * RIAA: 4× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=4236|title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart|date=June 13, 2016|accessdate=June 10, 2016|archive-date=2016-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808182516/http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=4236|url-status=dead}}</ref> * SNEP: Gold<ref name="singles cert france"/> | {{NA|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row"| "Too Good"<br />{{small|(Drake pamoja na Rihanna)}} | 3 || 9 || 9 || 29 || 30 || 11 || 4 || 25 || 3 || 14 | * ARIA: 3× Platinum<ref name="ARIA 2017"/> * BEA: Gold<ref name="BEA-2016"/> * BPI: 2× Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI"/> * RIAA: 3× Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Gold<ref>{{cite certification|region=New Zealand|type=single|recent=website|id=4240|accessdate=June 17, 2016}}</ref> * SNEP: Platinum<ref name="singles cert france"/> | ''Views'' |- ! scope="row" | "Selfish"<br>{{small|(Future pamoja na [[Rihanna]])}} | rowspan="3"| 2017 | 37 || — || 28 || 34 || — || 78 || 17 || 51 || 94 || 37 | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA 2017"/> * MC: Gold<ref name="MC"/> * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> * RMNZ: Gold<ref>{{cite certification|region=New Zealand|type=single|artist=Future feat. Rihanna|title=Selfish|recent=website|id=4363|accessdate=May 19, 2017}}</ref> | ''Hndrxx'' |- ! scope="row"| "Wild Thoughts" <br><small>([[DJ Khaled]] pamoja na Rihanna & [[Bryson Tiller]])</small> | 2 || 5 || 2 || 2 || 4 || 3 || 2 || 3 || 1 || 2 | * ARIA: 4× Platinum<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.auspop.com.au/2017/12/aria-chart-watch-452/|title=ARIA Chart Watch #452|publisher=auspOp|date=December 23, 2017|accessdate=December 23, 2017|archivedate=2019-12-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191204230628/https://www.auspop.com.au/2017/12/aria-chart-watch-452/}}</ref> * BEA: Platinum<ref name="BEA-2017"/> * BPI: 2× Platinum<ref name="BPI"/> * BVMI: Platinum<ref name="BVMI"/> * MC: 3× Platinum<ref>{{cite certification|region=Canada|artist=DJ Khaled|title=Wild Thoughts|type=single|accessdate=October 4, 2017}}</ref> * RIAA: 4× Platinum<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|artist=DJ Khaled|title=Wild Thoughts|type=single|accessdate=August 18, 2017}}</ref> * RMNZ: Platinum<ref>{{cite certification|region=New Zealand|type=single|artist=DJ Khaled feat. Rihanna|title=Wild Thoughts|recent=website|id=4389|accessdate=August 18, 2017}}</ref> * SNEP: Diamond<ref>{{cite certification|region=France|artist=DJ Khaled|title=Wild Thoughts|type=single|accessdate=December 21, 2017}}</ref> | ''Grateful'' |- ! scope="row"| "Loyalty"<br><small>([[Kendrick Lamar]] pamoja na Rihanna)</small> | 20 || — || 12 || 41 || 53 || 18 || 15 || 35 || 27 || 14 | * BPI: Silver<ref name="BPI"/> * MC: 2× Platinum<ref name="MC"/> * RIAA: 2× Platinum<ref>{{cite certification|region=United States|artist=Kendrick Lamar|title=Loyalty. (feat. Rihanna)|type=single|accessdate=June 7, 2018}}</ref> | ''Damn'' |} ===Nyimbo zingine=== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" border="1" |+ Orodha ya nyimbo, nafasi iliyoshika na matunukio ! scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width:19em;"| Nyimbo ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Mwaka ! scope="col" colspan="10"| Nafasi iliyoshika katika nchi tofauti ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Matunukio ! scope="col" rowspan="2"| Albamu |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Canada<br /><ref name="CAN-singles"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Ufaransa<br /><ref name="FRA"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Ireland<br /><ref name="IRL"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Spain<br /><ref name="SPA">{{cite web | url=http://spanishcharts.com/search.asp?cat=s&search=Rihanna | title=Search for: Rihanna | work=spanishcharts.com | accessdate=October 29, 2012 | archive-date=2016-03-04 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093123/http://spanishcharts.com/search.asp?cat=s&search=Rihanna | url-status=dead }}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Uswisi<br /><ref name="SWI"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Uingereza<br /><ref>Peak chart positions for other charted songs in the United Kingdom: * "Stranded (Haiti Mon Amour)": {{cite web | url=http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/rihanna/ | title=Rihanna | publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] | accessdate=October 29, 2012 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110205413/http://www.theofficialcharts.com/artist/_/rihanna | archivedate=January 10, 2011 | df=mdy-all }} * "Fading" and "Love the Way You Lie (Part II)": {{cite web | url=http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/CLUK_R.HTM | title=Chart Log UK: The Rabble Army – RZA | publisher=Zobbel.de | accessdate=October 20, 2011 | author=Zywietz, Tobias }} * Songs from ''Talk That Talk'': {{cite web | title=Chart Log UK – Weekly Updates Sales 2011 | url=http://zobbel.de/cluk/CLUK2011.HTM | publisher=Zobbel.de | accessdate=July 12, 2012 | author=Zywietz, Tobias }} * Songs from ''Unapologetic'': {{cite web | title=Chart Log UK – 2012 + Weekly Updates + Sales 2012 | url=http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/CLUK2012.HTM | publisher=Zobbel.de | accessdate=February 10, 2013 | author=Zywietz, Tobias }} * "As Real As You and Me": {{cite web| title= Chart Log UK - New Entries - 04.04.2015 | publisher = Zobbel.de | author = Zywietz, Tobias}} * "Desperado", "Sex with Me", "Consideration", "Same Ol' Mistakes" and "Yeah, I Said It": {{cite web| url=http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/160206cluk.txt| title=Chart Log UK - New Entries - 06.02.2016| publisher=Zobbel.de| author=Zywietz, Tobias}} * "Love on the Brain" and "Woo": {{cite web|title=CHART: CLUK Update 13.02.2016 (wk6)|url=http://www.zobbel.de/cluk/160213cluk.txt|publisher=Official Charts Company|accessdate=April 15, 2016}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | Uingereza R&B<br /><ref>Peak chart positions for other charted songs on the UK R&B Singles Chart in the United Kingdom: * "Cockiness (Love It)", "Red Lipstick", "Fool in Love" and "Do Ya Thang": {{cite web | url=http://www.officialcharts.com/archive-chart/_/16/2011-12-03/ | title=2011-12-03 Top 40 R&B Singles Archive | publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] | accessdate=November 26, 2012}} * "Drunk on Love": {{cite web | url=http://www.officialcharts.com/archive-chart/_/16/2012-08-18/ | title=2012-08-18 Top 40 R&B Singles Archive | publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] | accessdate=November 26, 2012}} * "Phresh Out the Runway", "Numb", "Nobody's Business", "Love Without Tragedy" / "Mother Mary", "No Love Allowed" and "Half of Me": {{cite web | title=2012-12-01 Top 40 R&B Singles Archive | url=http://www.officialcharts.com/archive-chart/_/16/2012-12-01/ | publisher=[[Official Charts Company]] | accessdate=November 26, 2012}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Marekani<br /><ref name="US-singles"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Hot Dance Club Songs<br /><ref name="US-Dance-singles">{{cite web | url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rihanna/chart-history/dance-club-play-songs | title=Rihanna – Chart History: Dance Club Songs | work=Billboard| accessdate=September 9, 2018}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;"| Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs<br /><ref name="US-R&B-singles">{{cite web | url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rihanna/chart-history/r-b-hip-hop-songs | title=Rihanna – Chart History: R&B/Hip-Hop Songs | work=Billboard| accessdate=September 9, 2018}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | "A Girl Like Me" | rowspan="2"| 2006 | — || — || — || 25 || — || — || — || — || — || — | | rowspan="2"| ''A Girl Like Me'' |- ! scope="row"| "A Million Miles Away" | — || — || — || 38 || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Breakin' Dishes" | 2007 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 4 || — | | ''Good Girl Gone Bad'' |- ! scope="row"| "Numba 1 (Tide Is High)"<br />{{small|([[Kardinal Offishall]] pamoja na Rihanna)}} | 2008 | 38 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | ''Not 4 Sale'' |- ! scope="row"| "Bad Girl"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Chris Brown]])}} | 2009 | — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || 55 | | {{n/a|non-album song}} |- ! scope="row"| "Stranded (Haiti Mon Amour)"<br />{{small|pamoja na[[Jay-Z]], [[Bono]] & [[The Edge]])}} | rowspan="3"| 2010 | 6 || — || 3 || 30 || — || 41 || — || 16 || — || — | | ''Hope for Haiti Now'' |- ! scope="row"| "Fading" | — || — || — || — || — || 187 || — || — || — || — | | rowspan="2"| ''Loud'' |- ! scope="row"| "Love the Way You Lie (Part II)"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[Eminem]])}} | 19 || — || — || — || — || 160 || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Birthday Cake" | rowspan="9"| 2011 | — || — || — || — || — || 172 || — || 39 || — || 4 | | rowspan="9"| ''Talk That Talk'' |- ! scope="row"| "Cockiness (Love It)" | — || — || — || — || — || 121 || 33 || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "We All Want Love" | — || — || — || — || — || 188 || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Drunk on Love" | — || — || — || — || — || 153 || 23 || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Roc Me Out" | — || — || — || — || — || 176 || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Farewell" | — || — || — || — || — || 155 || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Red Lipstick" | — || — || — || — || — || 122 || 34 || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Do Ya Thang" | — || — || — || — || — || 136 || 38 || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Fool in Love" | — || — || — || — || — || 123 || 35 || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Phresh Out the Runway" | rowspan="7"| 2012 | — || 185 || — || — || — || 177 || 35 || — || — || —<ref name="US-Bubbling-R&B-singles">{{cite web | url={{BillboardURLbyName|artist=Rihanna|chart=Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Songs}} | title=Rihanna – Chart History: Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Songs | work=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]] | accessdate=September 1, 2013}} {{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>}} | | rowspan="7"| ''Unapologetic'' |- ! scope="row"| "Numb"<br />{{small|(pamoja na Eminem)}} | 99 || 128 || — || —|| — || 92 || 13 || — || — || 42 | |- ! scope="row"| "Nobody's Business"<br />{{small|(pamoja na Chris Brown)}} | — || 36 || — || — || — || 63 || 7 || — || — || 39 | |- ! scope="row"| "Love Without Tragedy / Mother Mary" | — || 95 || — || — || — || 113 || 19 || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "No Love Allowed" | — || 101 || — || — || — || 131 || 24 || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Lost in Paradise" | — || 183 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Half of Me" | 96 || 70 || 84 || — || 46 || 75 || 10 || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row" | "Dancing in the Dark" | rowspan="2"| 2015 | — || 92 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | | rowspan="2"| ''Home'' |- ! scope="row"| "As Real As You and Me" | — || 96 || — || — || — || 110 || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Consideration"<br />{{small|(pamoja na [[SZA (singer)|SZA]])}} | rowspan="11"| 2016 | — || 63 || — || — || — || 88 || — || — || 1 || 38 | | rowspan="11"| ''Anti'' |- ! scope="row"| "Desperado" | — || 109 || — || — || 51 || 129 || — || — || 1 || 39 | * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> |- ! scope="row"| "Woo" | — || — || — || — || — || 158 || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Yeah, I Said It" | — || — || — || — || — || 187 || — || — || — || 41 | |- ! scope="row"| "Same Ol' Mistakes" | — || 155 || — || — || — || 197 || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Never Ending" | — || 144 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Higher" | — || 185 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Close to You" | — || 136 || — || — || 61 || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Goodnight Gotham" | — || 114 || — || — || — || — || — || — || — || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Pose" | — || 98 || — || — || — || — || — || — || 1 || — | |- ! scope="row"| "Sex with Me" | — || 52 || — || — || — || 130 || — || 83 || 1 || 33 | * RIAA: Platinum<ref name="RIAA"/> |} ==Tuzo== ===American Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |2007<ref>{{cite news|title=2007 American Music Awards Nominees and Winners|url=http://www.latimes.com/env-ama-nom9oct09,0,7891403.htmlstory|work=Los Angeles Times|date=December 12, 2012}}</ref> |rowspan="4"|Rihanna |Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist |{{Won}} |- |rowspan=2|2008<ref>{{cite news|title=2008 American Music Awards Winners|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/2008-american-music-awards-winners-article-1.338264|work=New York Daily News|date=November 24, 2008}}</ref> |Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist |{{won}} |- |rowspan=2|Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist |{{won}} |- |rowpsan=1|2010<ref>{{cite web|title=In Full: American Music Awards - Winners|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a289062/in-full-american-music-awards-winners.html|work=Digital Spy|date=November 22, 2010|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2015-06-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611011719/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a289062/in-full-american-music-awards-winners.html}}</ref> |{{Won}} |- |rowspan=3|2011<ref>{{cite web|title=American Music Awards 2011 - Full list of winners|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a351879/american-music-awards-2011-full-list-of-winners.html|work=Digital Spy|date=November 21, 2011|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2015-07-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711052213/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a351879/american-music-awards-2011-full-list-of-winners.html}}</ref> |rowspan=2|''Loud'' |Favorite Pop/Rock Album |Aliteuliwa |- |Favorite Soul/R&B Album |{{won}} |- | rowspan="4"|Rihanna |Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan=4|2012<ref>{{cite web|title=American Music Awards 2012 - The winners and nominees in full|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a437355/american-music-awards-2012-the-winners-and-nominees-in-full.html|work=Digital Spy|date=November 19, 2012|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2015-06-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610223024/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a437355/american-music-awards-2012-the-winners-and-nominees-in-full.html}}</ref> |Artist of the Year |{Aliteuliwa |- |Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan=1|''Talk That Talk'' |Favorite Soul/R&B Album |{{won}} |- |rowspan=5|2013<ref>http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/5755250/american-music-awards-2013-full-nominations-list {{Wayback|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/5755250/american-music-awards-2013-full-nominations-list |date=20131013011236 }} http://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/news/american-music-awards-2013-nominations-announced-list-of-nominees-20131010</ref> |rowspan="4"|Rihanna |Icon Award |{{won}} |- |Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist |{{won}} |- |''Unapologetic'' |Favorite Soul/R&B Album |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan=2|2015<ref>http://www.billboard.com/articles/events/amas/6770317/american-music-awards-2015-winners-list-amas AMAs Winners</ref> |rowspan="1"|Rihanna |Favorite Female Artist - Soul/R&B |{{won}} |- |rowspan="1"|"FourFiveSeconds" |Collaboration Of The Year |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan=7|2016<ref>http://www.theamas.com/nominees/2016-nominees/ {{Wayback|url=http://www.theamas.com/nominees/2016-nominees/ |date=20161109150740 }} 2016 Nominees</ref> |rowspan="3"|Rihanna |Artist Of The Year |Aliteuliwa |- |Favorite Female Artist - Pop/Rock |Aliteuliwa |- |Favorite Female Artist - Soul/R&B |{{won}} |- |rowspan="3"|"Work"<small> (pamoja na [[Drake (musician)|Drake]])</small> |Collaboration Of The Year |Aliteuliwa |- |Video Of The Year |Aliteuliwa |- |Favorite Song - Soul/R&B |{{won}} |- |rowspan="1"|''Anti'' |Favorite Album - Soul/R&B |{{won}} |- |rowspan=2|2017<ref>http://www.billboard.com/articles/events/amas/7997612/ama-nominations-2017-full-list</ref> |rowspan="3"|Rihanna |Favorite Female Artist - Pop/Rock |Aliteuliwa |- |Favorite Female Artist - Soul/R&B |Aliteuliwa |- |2018<ref>https://www.eonline.com/news/967603/american-music-awards-2018-see-the-complete-list-of-nominations</ref> |Favorite Female Artist - Soul/R&B |{{won}} |- |} ===ARIA Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |2011<ref>{{cite web|title=ARIA Awards 2011: Nominees and early winners|url=http://www.novafm.com.au/article/aria-awards-2011-nominees-and-early-winners|work=Nova FM|date=December 12, 2012|accessdate=2019-04-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020163307/http://www.novafm.com.au/article/aria-awards-2011-nominees-and-early-winners|archivedate=2013-10-20}}</ref> ||Rihanna |Most Popular International Artist | Aliteuliwa |} ===Barbados Music Awards=== Rihanna has received 46 awards for 46 nominations {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan=9 |2006 |rowspan=2 |Music of the Sun |Best reggae/dancehall album | {{won}} |- |Album of the Year | {{Won}} |- |rowspan=3 |Pon the replay |Best dance single | {{Won}} |- |Song of the Year | {{Won}} |- |Best Soca Single (female) | {{Won}} |- |rowspan=4 |Rihanna |Best New Artist |{{Won}} |- |Best female Artist of the Year |{{Won}} |- |Best selling female of the Year |{{Won}} |- |Best entartainer of the Year | {{Won}} |} ===BET Awards=== The [[BET Awards]] were established in 2001 by the [[Black Entertainment Television]] network to celebrate Black Americans and other minorities in music, acting, sports, and other fields of entertainment over the past year. The awards are presented annually and broadcast live on BET. Rihanna has received six awards from twenty nine nominations. {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |2006<ref>{{cite web|title=BET Awards 2006 - Winners and Nominees|url=http://rap.about.com/od/awards/a/BETAwards2006.htm|work=About.com|date=May 28, 2013|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2013-05-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515200808/http://rap.about.com/od/awards/a/BETAwards2006.htm}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|Rihanna |BET Award for Best New Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |2008<ref>{{cite web|title=BET Awards Nominees and Winners 2008|url=http://www.musicloversgroup.com/bet-awards-nominees-and-winners-2008/|work=Music Lovers Group|date=May 28, 2013}}</ref> |BET Award for Best R&B Artists | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|2009<ref>{{cite web|title=2009 BET Awards|url=http://randb.about.com/od/musicawardsshows/a/2009BETAwards.htm|work=About.com|date=May 28, 2013|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2014-09-12|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140912071724/http://randb.about.com/od/musicawardsshows/a/2009BETAwards.htm}}</ref> |rowspan="3"|"Live Your Life" <small>(pamoja na [[T.I.]])</small> |BET Award for Video of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |BET Award for Best Collaboration | Aliteuliwa |- |BET Award for Viewer's Choice | {{won}} |- |rowspan="3"|2010<ref>{{cite web|title=BET Awards 2010 Winners, Nominations List: Red Carpet Photos, Video|url=http://www.shallownation.com/2010/06/26/bet-awards-2010-winners-nominations-list-red-carpet-photos-video/|work=Shallow Nation|date=May 28, 2013|accessdate=2019-04-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012031728/http://www.shallownation.com/2010/06/26/bet-awards-2010-winners-nominations-list-red-carpet-photos-video/|archivedate=2013-10-12}}</ref> ||"Run This Town" <small>(pamoja na [[Jay-Z]] & [[Kanye West]])</small> |Video of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- ||Rihanna |Best Female R&B Artist | Aliteuliwa |- ||"Hard" <small>(pamoja na [[Young Jeezy]])</small> |Viewer's Choice Award |{{won}} |- |rowspan="4"|2011<ref>{{cite web|title=2011 BET Awards|url=http://randb.about.com/od/musicawardsshows/a/2011-Bet-Awards.htm|work=About.com|date=May 28, 2013|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304092837/http://randb.about.com/od/musicawardsshows/a/2011-Bet-Awards.htm}}</ref> ||Rihanna |Best Female R&B Artist |{{won}} |- |rowspan="2"|"What's My Name?" <small>(pamoja na [[Drake (Canadian rapper)|Drake]])</small> |Viewer's Choice Award |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|Best Collaboration |Aliteuliwa |- ||"All of the Lights" <small>(pamoja na Kanye West)</small> |Aliteuliwa |- |2012<ref>{{cite web|title=2012 BET Awards|url=http://rap.about.com/od/awards/a/2012-Bet-Awards-Winners.htm|work=About.com|date=May 28, 2013|accessdate=2019-04-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824051036/http://rap.about.com/od/awards/a/2012-Bet-Awards-Winners.htm|archivedate=2017-08-24}}</ref> ||Rihanna |Best Female R&B Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|2013<ref>{{cite web|title=BET Awards 2013 Nominations: The Complete List|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1707339/bet-awards-2013-nominations.jhtml|work=MTV|date=May 28, 2013|accessdate=2019-04-05|archive-date=2013-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607073814/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1707339/bet-awards-2013-nominations.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|"Diamonds" |Video of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |Coca-Cola Viewers Choice Award |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|Rihanna |rowspan="3"|Best Female R&B Artist |{{won}} |- |2014<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/6084917/beyonce-jay-z-lead-2014-bet-awards |title=Beyonce & Jay Z Lead 2014 BET Awards |publisher=Billboard |date=2014-01-26 |accessdate=2014-05-14}}</ref> |Aliteuliwa |- |2015<ref>{{cite web|title=Best Female R&B/Pop Artist|url=http://www.bet.com/shows/bet-awards/2015/bet-awards-international/nominees/best-female-r-b-pop-artist.html|website=BET Awards 2015|publisher=BET Networks|accessdate=June 21, 2015|archive-date=2015-06-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622110742/http://www.bet.com/shows/bet-awards/2015/bet-awards-international/nominees/best-female-r-b-pop-artist.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="5"|2016<ref>{{cite web|title=2016 BET Awards Nominations|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2016/05/20/bet-awards-2016-nominations/|work=Rap-Up.com|date=May 20, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923004510/http://www.rap-up.com/2016/05/20/bet-awards-2016-nominations/|archivedate=2016-09-23|accessdate=2019-04-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> ||Rihanna |Best Female R&B/Pop Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|"Work" <small>(pamoja na Drake)</small> |Viewer's Choice Award |Aliteuliwa |- |Best Collaboration |{{won}} |- |Video of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- ||"Bitch Better Have My Money" |Centric Award |Aliteuliwa |- |2017 |rowspan="2"|Rihanna |rowspan="2"|Best Female R&B/Pop Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="5"|2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bet.com/shows/bet-awards/2018/nominees/album-of-the-year.html|title=BET Awards 2018 Nominations|publisher=bet.com|accessdate=May 17, 2018|archive-date=2018-07-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704153015/https://www.bet.com/shows/bet-awards/2018/nominees/album-of-the-year.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|"Wild Thoughts" <small>(pamoja na DJ Khaled & Bryson Tiller)</small> |Video of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |Viewer's Choice |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|Best Collaboration |{{won}} |- |rowspan="1"|"Loyalty" <small>(pamoja na Kendrick Lamar)</small> |Aliteuliwa |- |} ===BET Hip-Hop Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyechaguliwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="3"|2009<ref>{{cite web|title=2009 BET Hip Hop Awards Winners|url=http://rap.about.com/od/awards/a/BETHipHopAwards09.htm|work=About.com|date=May 28, 2013|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000433/http://rap.about.com/od/awards/a/BETHipHopAwards09.htm}}</ref> |rowspan="3"|"Live Your Life" <small>(pamoja na [[T.I.]])</small> |Track of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |Best Hip-Hop Collaboration |{{won}} |- |rowspan="4"|Best Hip-Hop Video |{{won}} |- ||2010<ref>{{cite web|title=2010 BET Hip Hop Awards Complete Winners List|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1649842/2010-bet-hip-hop-awards-complete-winners-list.jhtml|work=MTV|date=May 28, 2013|accessdate=2019-04-05|archive-date=2011-02-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110213043138/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1649842/2010-bet-hip-hop-awards-complete-winners-list.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> ||"Run This Town" <small>(pamoja na [[Jay-Z]] & [[Kanye West]])</small> | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|2011<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations and winners for the BET Hip Hop Awards 2011 have been revealed!|url=http://www.madetobenow.com/2011/09/nominees-winners-bet-hip-hop-awards.html|work=Made To Be Now|date=May 28, 2013|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2016-05-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531190929/http://www.madetobenow.com/2011/09/nominees-winners-bet-hip-hop-awards.html}}</ref> ||"All of the Lights" <small>(pamoja na [[Kanye West]])</small> | Aliteuliwa |- ||"Love the Way You Lie" <small>(pamoja na [[Eminem]])</small> | Aliteuliwa |- ||"All of the Lights" <small>(pamoja na [[Kanye West]])</small> |Verizon People's Champ Award (Viewers' Choice) | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|2017<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations and winners for the BET Hip Hop Awards 2017 |url=http://www.xxlmag.com/news/2017/09/jay-z-kendrick-lamar-more-nominated-2017-bet-hip-hop-awards/|work=Jay-Z, Kendrick Lamar and More Nominated for 2017 BET Hip Hop Awards|date=September 14, 2017}}</ref> |rowspan="3"|"Wild Thoughts" <small>(pamoja na [[DJ Khaled]] & [[Bryson Tiller]])</small> | Single of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |Best Hip-Hop Video | Aliteuliwa |- |Best Collabo, Duo or Group | {{won}} |- |rowspan="1"|2018<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.bet.com/shows/hip-hop-awards/2018/photos/nominees/hip-hop-awards-18-nominees.html|title=Hip Hop Awards 2018 Nominees|work=BET.com|access-date=2018-09-13}}</ref> |rowspan="1"|"[[Loyalty (Kendrick Lamar song)|Loyalty]]" <small>(w/ [[Kendrick Lamar]])</small> | Best Hip Hop Video | Aliteuliwa |} ===Billboard Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="3"|2006<ref>{{cite web|title=The 2006 Billboard Music Award Winners|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/56513/the-2006-billboard-music-award-winners|work=Billboard}}</ref> |rowspan="13"|Rihanna |Female Artist of the Year |{{won}} |- |Pop 100 Artist of the Year |{{won}} |- |Female Hot 100 Artist of the Year |{{won}} |- |rowspan="18"|2011<ref>{{cite web|title=2011 Billboard Music Awards Winners [Full List]|url=http://www.inquisitr.com/107858/2011-billboard-music-awards-winners-full-list/|work=Inquisitr|date=May 22, 2011}}</ref> |Top Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Female Artist |{{won}} |- |Top R&B Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Hot 100 Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Dance Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Social Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Digital Songs Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Radio Songs Artist |{{won}} |- |Top Streaming Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Digital Media Artist |Aliteuliwa |- ||''Loud'' |Top R&B Album |Aliteuliwa |- ||"What's My Name?" <small>(pamoja na [[Drake (Canadian rapper)|Drake]])</small> |Top R&B Song |{{nom}} |- |rowspan="6"|"Love the Way You Lie" <small>(w/ [[Eminem]])</small> |Top Hot 100 Song |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Rap Song |{{won}} |- |Top Digital Song |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Radio Song |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Streaming Song (Audio) |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Streaming Song (Video) |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="14"|2012<ref>{{cite web|title=2012 BBMA WINNERS|url=http://www.billboard.com/bbma/winners|work=Billboard|date=December 12, 2012|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2016-01-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121183050/http://www.billboard.com/bbma/winners}}</ref> |rowspan="12"|Rihanna |- |Top Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top R&B Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Pop Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Hot 100 Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Dance Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Social Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Digital Songs Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Radio Songs Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Streaming Artist |{{won}} |- |Top Digital Media Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |''Talk That Talk'' |Top R&B Album |Aliteuliwa |- |"We Found Love" <small>(pamoja na [[Calvin Harris]])</small> |Top Radio Song |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="11"|2013<ref>{{cite web|last=Grossberg|first=Josh|title=Nominees for 2013 Billboard Music Awards|url=http://uk.eonline.com/news/410381/taylor-swift-maroon-5-fun-lead-nominees-for-2013-billboard-music-awards|work=E! Online|accessdate=23 April 2013}}</ref> |rowspan="8"|Rihanna |- |Top Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top R&B Artist |{{won}} |- |Top Hot 100 Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Social Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Radio Songs Artist |{{won}} |- |Top Streaming Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |''Unapologetic'' |Top R&B Album |{{won}} |- |"Diamonds" |Top R&B Song |{{won}} |- |"Where Have You Been" |Top Dance Song |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="6"|2014<ref>{{cite web|last=Staff|first=Billboard|title=Imagine Dragons, Lorde, Justin Timberlake Lead 2014 Billboard Music Awards Finalists|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/events/bbma-2014/6042208/billboard-music-awards-finalists-2014-bbmas|work=Billboard|accessdate=9 April 2014}}</ref> |rowspan="5"|Rihanna |- |Top Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Touring Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top R&B Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Social Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |"The Monster" <small>(pamoja na [[Eminem]])</small> |Top Rap Song |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="4"|2016<ref>{{cite web|title=2016 Finalists|url=http://www.billboardmusicawards.com/2016-finalists/|work=Billboard|accessdate=11 April 2016|archive-date=2018-07-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725111001/https://www.billboardmusicawards.com/2016-finalists/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |rowspan="3"|Rihanna |Top Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top R&B Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Billboard Chart Achievement Award |{{won}} |- |rowspan="3"|''Anti'' |Top R&B Album |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="13" |2017<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.billboardmusicawards.com/nominees/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2019-04-05 |archivedate=2018-04-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180415203738/https://www.billboardmusicawards.com/nominees/ }}</ref> |Top Billboard 200 Album |Aliteuliwa |- |Top R&B Album |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="7"|Rihanna |Top Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Hot 100 Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Radio Songs Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top Streaming Songs Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top R&B Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Top R&B Tour |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|"Needed Me" |Top Streaming Song (Audio) |Aliteuliwa |- |Top R&B Song |Aliteuliwa |- |"Work" <small>(pamoja na [[Drake (musician)|Drake]])</small> |Top R&B Collaboration |Aliteuliwa |- |"This Is What You Came For" <small>(pamoja na [[Calvin Harris]])</small> |Top Dance/Electronic Song |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |Rihanna |Top R&B Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Wild Thoughts |Top R&B Song |Aliteuliwa |} ===Billboard Latin Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2011<ref>{{cite web|title=Enrique Iglesias, Shakira Lead Billboard Latin Music Award Nominations|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/473130/enrique-iglesias-shakira-lead-billboard-latin-music-award-nominations|work=Billboard|accessdate=February 10, 2011}}</ref> |rowspan="4"|Rihanna |rowspan="4"|Crossover Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- ||2012<ref>{{cite web|title=2012 Billboard Latin Music Award Nominations|url=http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/11642816-2012-billboard-latin-music-award-nominations|work=All Voices|accessdate=March 4, 2012}}</ref> | Aliteuliwa |- ||2013<ref>{{cite web|title=Billboard Latin Music Awards 2013: Winners List|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/latin-notas/1559645/billboard-latin-music-awards-2013-winners-list|work=Billboard|accessdate=April 25, 2013}}</ref> | {{won}} |- ||2016 | Aliteuliwa |} ===Billboard Touring Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2011<ref>{{cite web|title=Billboard Touring Awards: U2, Bon Jovi, Take That Are Top Finalists|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/photos/live/465316/billboard-touring-awards-u2-bon-jovi-take-that-are-top-finalists|work=''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]''|accessdate=November 4, 2011}}</ref> ||Rihanna |Breakthrough | Aliteuliwa |} ===BMI London Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="1"|2007 |"Break It Off" <small>(pamoja na [[Sean Paul]])</small> |rowspan="3"|Award-Winning Songs | {{won}} |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/peter_gabriel_receives_top_honor_at_bmi_london_awards|title=Peter Gabriel Receives Top Honor at BMI London Awards|publisher=BMI| accessdate=October 16, 2007}}</ref> |- |rowspan="1"|2010 ||"Run This Town" <small>(pamoja na [[Jay-Z]] & [[Kanye West]])</small> | {{won}} |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/2010_bmi_london_award_winners|title=2010 BMI London Award Winners|publisher=BMI| accessdate=October 5, 2010}}</ref> |} ===BMI Pop Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="1"|2008 ||"Break It Off" <small>(pamoja na [[Sean Paul]])</small> |rowspan="3"|Award-Winning Songs | {{won}} |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/2008_bmi_pop_awards_award_winning_songs|title=2008 BMI Pop Awards - Award Winning Songs|publisher=BMI| accessdate=May 20, 2008}}</ref> |- |rowspan="1"|2012 ||"Rude Boy" | {{won}} |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/557040|title=Carole King Named BMI Icon at 60th Annual BMI Pop Awards| publisher=BMI| accessdate=May 16, 2012}}</ref> |- |2018 |"Love On The Brain" |{{won}} | |} ===BMI R&B/Hip-Hop Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan=2|2014 |"The Monster" |rowspan=4|R&B/Hip-Hop Award Songs | {{won}} |rowspan=2|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bmi.com/news/entry/christopher_ludacris_bridges_and_top_songwriters_honored_at_the_2014_bmi_rb|title=Christopher ‘Ludacris’ Bridges and Top Songwriters Honored at the 2014 BMI R&B/Hip-Hop Awards| publisher=BMI| accessdate=September 6, 2017}}</ref> |- | "Pour It Up" | {{won}} |- |rowspan=2|2016 |"Bitch Better Have My Money" | {{won}} |rowspan=2|<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bmi.com/news/entry/2016_bmi_rb_hip_hop_awards|title=BMI Honors Toni Braxton With President’s Award at 2016 BMI R&B/Hip-Hop Awards| publisher=BMI| accessdate=September 6, 2017}}</ref> |- | "FourFiveSeconds" | {{won}} |- |rowspan="5"|2017 |Rihanna |Songwriter of the Year‡ | {{won}} |rowspan="5"|<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.bmi.com/news/entry/2017-rb-hip-hop-awards|title=Patti LaBelle Named BMI Icon at the 2017 BMI R&B/Hip-Hop Awards| publisher=BMI| accessdate=September 6, 2017}}</ref> |- |"Needed Me" |rowspan="4"|Most Performed R&B/Hip-Hop Songs | {{won}} |- |"Love On The Brain" | {{won}} |- |"Work" | {{won}} |- |"Too Good" | {{won}} |} ===BMI Urban Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |2010 |"Run This Town" <small>(pamoja na [[Jay-Z]] & [[Kanye West]])</small> |rowspan="2"|Award-Winning Songs | {{won}} |<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/2010_bmi_urban_music_awards_winners|title=2010 BMI Urban Music Awards Winners| publisher=BMI| accessdate=September 11, 2010}}</ref> |- | 2011 ||"Rude Boy" | {{won}} |<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.urbanhotradio.com/2011/08/29/snoop-dog-honored-at-bmi-urban-awards/| title=Snoop Dog Honored At BMI Urban Awards| publisher=Urban Hot Radio| accessdate=August 29, 2011| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621235157/http://www.urbanhotradio.com/2011/08/29/snoop-dog-honored-at-bmi-urban-awards/| archivedate=2013-06-21}}</ref> |} ===Bravo Otto Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |2011 |Rihanna |Super Singer - Female |{{won}} |- |2012 |Rihanna |Super Singer - Female |{{won}} |- |2013 |Rihanna |Rapporteur of the Year - Foreign Woman |{{won}} |- |} ===BRIT Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2008 |rowspan="5"|Rihanna |rowspan="5"|International Female Solo Artist | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="4"| <ref name="Brits">{{cite web|title=RIHANNA WINS BRITS 2012 INTERNATIONAL FEMALE ARTIST |url=http://www.brits.co.uk/news/2012/rihanna-wins-brits-2012-international-female-artist |work=Brits |date=December 12, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422180938/http://www.brits.co.uk/news/2012/rihanna-wins-brits-2012-international-female-artist |archivedate=April 22, 2012 |df= }}</ref> |- ||2010 | Aliteuliwa |- ||2011 | {{won}} |- ||2012 | {{won}} |- |rowspan="2"|2013 | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite news|title=Brit Awards 2013: Nominations in full|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/brit-awards-2013-nominations-in-full-8502661.html|work=The Independent|accessdate=17 April 2013|location=London|first=Daisy|last=Wyatt|date=February 20, 2013|archivedate=2017-03-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312210652/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/brit-awards-2013-nominations-in-full-8502661.html}}</ref> |- |"Princess of China" <small>(pamoja na [[Coldplay]])</small> |British Single of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|2017 |Rihanna |International Female Solo Artist | Aliteuliwa |rowspan="3"|<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/who-nominated-2017-brit-awards-9623810 |title=Who is nominated for Brit Awards 2017? Full nominations list as Little Mix and Rihanna score most nods |last=Haigh |first=Joshua |date=February 22, 2017}}</ref> |- |"This Is What You Came For" <small>(pamoja na [[Calvin Harris]])</small> |British Single of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |} ===BT Digital Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="2"|2010 |rowspan="3"|Rihanna |Best Event/Nokia Present Rihanna Live | {{won}} |rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|title=BT Digital Music Awards winners|url=http://www.musicweek.com/news/read/bt-digital-music-awards-winners/043757|work=Musicweek|date=October 1, 2010}}</ref> |- |rowspan="2"|Best International Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |2011 | Aliteuliwa |<ref>{{cite web|title=BT Digital Music Awards 2011: Nominees in full|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a338046/bt-digital-music-awards-2011-nominees-in-full.html|work=[[Digital Spy]]|date=August 31, 2011}}</ref> |} ===Canadian Radio Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |2013 |Rihanna |International Solo Artist of the Year | {{won}} |<ref>{{cite web|title=Carly Rae Jepsen, Marianas Trench nab Canadian Radio Music Awards|url=http://www.torontosun.com/2013/03/20/carly-rae-jepsen-marianas-trench-nab-canadian-radio-music-awards|work=Toronto Sun|date=March 20, 2013}}</ref> |} ===CFDA Fashion Awards=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- !scope="row"|2014 |Rihanna |Fashion Icon Award |{{won}} |style="text-align:center;"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rihanna Wore a Naked Dress to the CFDA Fashion Awards (NSFW)|url=http://www.elle.com/fashion/news/a14944/rihanna-naked-fashion-speech-cfda/|accessdate=4 November 2016}}</ref> {{end}} ===Clio Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="2"|2016 |rowspan="2"|ANTIdiaRy |Best commercial |Aliteuliwa |rowspan="2"|<ref>{{cite web|title=Rihanna ANTIdiaRy / Album Partnership Launch|url=http://clios.com/music/winner/12703|accessdate=26 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Rihanna ANTIdiaRY / Album Partnership Launch|url=http://clios.com/music/winner/12654|accessdate=26 September 2016}}</ref> |- |Best partnership |Aliteuliwa |} ===Danish Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="2"|2011 |rowspan="1"|"Only Girl (In The World)" |rowspan="3"|International Hit of the Year |{{won}} |rowspan="2"|<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://www.musikeren.dk/nyheder/nyhed/artikel/se_alle_nominerede_til_dma_2011/|title=Se alle nominerede til DMA 2011|work=MUSIKEREN|access-date=2018-10-01|language=da|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2018-10-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001104134/http://www.musikeren.dk/nyheder/nyhed/artikel/se_alle_nominerede_til_dma_2011/}}</ref> |- |rowspan="1"|"Love The Way You Lie" {{small|(pamoja na Eminem)}} |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1"|2012 |rowspan="1"|"We Found Love" {{small|(pamoja na Calvin Harris)}} |Aliteuliwa |rowspan="1"|<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://digitalt.tv/danish-music-awards-2012-de-nominerede-er/|title=Danish Music Awards 2012 - De nominerede er|date=2012-10-02|work=DIGITALT.TV|access-date=2018-10-01|language=da-DK}}</ref> |- |rowspan="2"|2013 |rowspan="1"|"Unapologetic" |International Album of the Year |{{won}} |rowspan="2"|<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=http://gaffa.dk/nyhed/76413/her-er-de-nominerede-til-danish-music-awards|title=Her er de nominerede til Danish Music Awards|work=gaffa.dk|access-date=2018-10-01|language=da}}</ref> |- |rowspan="1"|"Diamonds" |rowspan="2"|International Hit of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1"|2014 |rowspan="1"|"The Monster" {{small|(pamoja na Eminem)}} |Aliteuliwa |rowspan="1"|<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.bt.dk/musik/danish-music-awards-og-de-nominerede-er|title=Danish Music Awards: Og de nominerede er...|work=www.bt.dk|access-date=2018-10-01|language=da}}</ref> |- |} ===ECHO Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="2"|2008 ||"Umbrella" <small>(pamoja na [[Jay-Z]])</small> |Hit of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|Rihanna |rowspan="2"|International Female Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- ||2011<ref>{{cite web|title=Adele, Bruno Mars, Black Eyed Peas Among Nominees for Germany's Echo Awards|url=http://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/global/1178902/adele-bruno-mars-black-eyed-peas-among-nominees-for-germanys-echo|work=Billboard|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2018-10-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024123305/https://www.billboard.com/biz/articles/news/global/1178902/adele-bruno-mars-black-eyed-peas-among-nominees-for-germanys-echo}}</ref> | Aliteuliwa |- |2013<ref>{{cite web|title=Die Nominees |url=http://www.echopop.de/fileadmin/pop/upload/presse-news/downloads/2013/ECHO_2013_Nominee_Liste_FINAL.pdf |work=Echo Pop |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Iw0qhXt6?url=http://www.echopop.de/fileadmin/pop/upload/presse-news/downloads/2013/ECHO_2013_Nominee_Liste_FINAL.pdf |archivedate=2013-08-17 |df= }}</ref> ||"Diamonds" |Hit of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |} ===FiFi Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |2014 |Nude by Rihanna |Best Celebrity Fragrance |{{won}} |<ref>{{cite web|title=Rihanna’s Nude By Rihanna Wins Best Celebrity Fragrance At FIFI Awards|url=http://styleblazer.com/282179/nude-by-rihanna-wins/|accessdate=27 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127154229/http://styleblazer.com/282179/nude-by-rihanna-wins/|archivedate=2016-11-27}}</ref> |} ===Footwear News Achievement Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |2016 |Fenty Puma Creeper |Shoe of the Year |{{won}} |<ref>{{cite web|title=Rihanna Dethrones Kanye West to Become ‘Queen of Shoes’|url=http://footwearnews.com/2016/fashion/designers/rihanna-wins-shoe-of-the-year-fenty-puma-creepers-footwear-news-achievement-awards-fnaa-2016-272599/|accessdate=6 November 2016}}</ref> |- |} === Danish GAFFA Awards === {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |2011 |''We Found Love'' | International Video of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |2015 |"FourFiveSeconds" <small>(pamoja na [[Kanye West]] & [[Paul McCartney]])</small> | International Hit of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |2016 |Rihanna | International Female Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |2018 |"Wild Thoughts" <small>(pamoja na [[DJ Khaled]] & [[Bryson Tiller]])</small> | International Hit of the Year |ALiteuliwa |} === Sweden GAFFA Awards === {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |2010 |"Love the Way You Lie" <small>(pamoja na [[Eminem]])</small> |rowspan="2" | International Hit of the Year |{{won}} |- |2015 |"Bitch Better Have My Money" |{{won}} |} ===Gaygalan Awards === {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.qx.se/noje/gaygala/153771/dags-att-nominera-till-qx-gaygala-2018/|title=Dags att nominera till QX Gaygala 2018! – QX|work=QX|date=1 December 2017}}</ref> || "Wild Thoughts" <small>(pamoja na [[DJ Khaled]])</small> | International Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |} ===Glamour Magazine Women of the Year Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2009<ref>{{cite news|title=Emotional Rihanna is the belle of the ball in a mermaid gown as she accepts Woman of the Year award|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1226563/Emotional-Rihanna-belle-ball-mermaid-gown-accepts-Woman-Year-award.html|publisher=Daily Mail|accessdate=November 10, 2009|location=London|first=Emily|last=Sheridan}}</ref> ||Rihanna |Woman of the Year |{{won}} |} ===Golden Raspberry Award=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="2"|2013<ref>{{cite web|last=Daniels|first=Colin|title=Twilight Breaking Dawn - Part 2, Kristen Stewart, Rihanna win Razzies|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/movies/news/a461205/twilight-breaking-dawn-part-2-kristen-stewart-rihanna-win-razzies.html|work=[[Digital Spy]]|accessdate=February 24, 2013|date=February 24, 2013|archivedate=2015-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210202736/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/movies/news/a461205/twilight-breaking-dawn-part-2-kristen-stewart-rihanna-win-razzies.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Bibbiani|first=William|title=The 33rd Annual Razzies (Dis)-Honor Twilight: Breaking Dawn: Part 2|url=http://www.craveonline.com/film/articles/202737-the-33rd-annual-razzie-nominations-dishonors-twilight-saga-breaking-dawn-part-2|publisher=CraveOnline.com|accessdate=January 9, 2013|date=January 8, 2013}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|''Battleship'' |Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Supporting Actress |{{won}} |- |Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Screen Couple/Ensemble |Aliteuliwa |} ===Grammy Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyeshinda !Tuzo !Matokeo |- | rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" | 2008 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |"Umbrella" <small>(pamoja na [[Jay-Z]])</small> || Grammy Award for Record of the Year || Aliteuliwa |- | Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration || {{won}} |- | "Don't Stop the Music" || [[Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording || Aliteuliwa |- | "Hate That I Love You" <small>(pamoja na [[Ne-Yo]])</small> || Grammy Award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals || Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | 2009 || "If I Never See Your Face Again" <small>(pamoja na [[Maroon 5]])</small> || Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals || Aliteuliwa |- | "Disturbia" || Best Dance Recording || Aliteuliwa |- | ''Good Girl Gone Bad Live'' || Grammy Award for Best Long Form Music Video || Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | 2010 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |"Run This Town" <small>(pamoja na [[Jay-Z]] & [[Kanye West]])</small> || Grammy Award for Best Rap Song || {{won}} |- |rowspan="2"|Best Rap/Sung Collaboration || {{won}} |- | rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" | 2011 || rowspan="3" style="text-align:left;" |"Love the Way You Lie" <small>(pamoja na [[Eminem]])</small> || Aliteuliwa |- |Record of the Year||Aliteuliwa |- | Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video || Aliteuliwa |- | "Only Girl (In the World)" || Best Dance Recording || {{won}} |- | ''Recovery'' || rowspan="2" | Grammy Award for Album of the Year || Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" | 2012 || rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |''Loud'' || Aliteuliwa |- | Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album || Aliteuliwa |- | "What's My Name?" <small>(pamoja na [[Drake (entertainer)|Drake]])</small> || rowspan="3" |Best Rap/Sung Collaboration || Aliteuliwa |- | "All of the Lights" <small>(pamoja na [[Kanye West]], [[Kid Cudi]] & [[Fergie (singer)|Fergie]])</small>|| {{won}} |- | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | 2013 || "Talk That Talk" <small>(pamoja na [[Jay-Z]])</small> || Aliteuliwa |- | "Where Have You Been" || Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance || Aliteuliwa |- | "We Found Love" <small>(pamoja na [[Calvin Harris]])</small>|| Best Short Form Music Video || {{won}} |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | 2014 || "Stay" <small>(pamoja na [[Mikky Ekko]])</small> || Grammy Award for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance || Aliteuliwa |- | ''Unapologetic '' || Grammy Award for Best Urban Contemporary Album || {{won}} |- | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | 2015 || "The Monster" <small> (pamoja na [[Eminem]])</small> || Best Rap/Sung Collaboration || {{won}} |- | rowspan="8" style="text-align:center;" | 2017 | rowspan="2" |"[[Work (Rihanna song)|Work]]" <small>(pamoja na [[Drake (musician)|Drake]])</small> | Record of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | Best Pop Duo/Group Performance | Aliteuliwa |- | "Needed Me" | Best R&B Performance | Aliteuliwa |- | "Kiss It Better" | Best R&B Song | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2" |''Anti'' | Best Urban Contemporary Album|| Aliteuliwa |- | Grammy Award for Best Recording Package | Aliteuliwa |- | ''Views'' | Album of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | "Famous" <small> (pamoja na [[Kanye West]] & [[Swizz Beatz]])</small> | rowspan="2" | Best Rap/Sung Performance | Aliteuliwa |- | style="text-align:center;" | 2018 | "Loyalty" <small> (pamoja na [[Kendrick Lamar]])</small> | {{won}} |} ===Guinness World Record=== {| class="wikitable" style="width:75%;" |- ! width=5%|Mwaka ! style="width:23%;"| Aliyetuzwa ! style="width:45%;"| Tuzo ! style="width:10%;"| Matokeo !Marejeo |- |2010 |rowspan="6"|Rihanna |Female artist with the most U.S. number-one singles in a year |{{Won}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/female-artist-with-the-most-us-no1-singles-in-a-year|title=Female artist with the most US no.1 singles in a year|publisher=|accessdate=30 August 2016}}</ref> |- |2010 |Most digital number-one singles in the US |{{Won}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-digital-no1-singles-in-the-us|title=Most digital no.1 singles in the US|publisher=|accessdate=30 August 2016}}</ref> |- |2011 |Most consecutive years of UK No.1 singles |{{Won}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/first-female-artist-to-have-uk-no1-singles-in-five-consecutive-years|title=Most consecutive years of UK No.1 singles|publisher=|accessdate=30 August 2016}}</ref> |- |2012 |The Best Selling Digital Artist (U.S.) |{{Won}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2012/9/rihanna-lady-gaga-and-adele-break-world-records-with-digital-music-sales-44685|title=Rihanna, Lady Gaga and Adele break World Records with digital music sales|date=7 September 2012|publisher=|accessdate=30 August 2016}}</ref> |- |2013 |Most consecutive weeks on UK singles chart (multiple singles) |{{Won}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/most-consecutive-weeks-on-uk-singles-chart-(multiple-singles)|title=Most consecutive weeks on UK singles chart (multiple singles)|publisher=|accessdate=30 August 2016}}</ref> |- |2014 |Most “Liked” Person on Facebook |{{Won}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gobarbados.org/list-of-rihanna-guinness-world-records/|title=List of Rihanna's Guinness world records|publisher=|accessdate=23 June 2017|archivedate=2023-07-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713051008/https://www.gobarbados.org/list-of-rihanna-guinness-world-records/}}</ref> |} ===Harvard Foundation for Interracial and Cultural Relations=== {{awards table}} !Marejeo |- |2017 |Rihanna |Humanitarian of the Year |{{won}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spin.com/2017/02/rihanna-harvard-university-humanitarian-year-award-video/|title=Watch Rihanna Accept Her Harvard University Humanitarian of the Year Award|website=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]|accessdate=April 6, 2017|archivedate=2017-04-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407053610/http://www.spin.com/2017/02/rihanna-harvard-university-humanitarian-year-award-video/}}</ref> |} ===Hollywood Music in Media Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !ALiyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2015<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hmmawards.com/2015-hmma-winners/|title= 2015 HMMA WINNERS|publisher=[[HMMA]]}}</ref> ||"Dancing in the Dark" ||Best Song - Animated Film | {{won}} |- |2016 |Sledgehammer |Best Song - SciFi/Fantasy Film |Aliteuliwa |} ===IFPI Hong Kong Top Sales Music Award=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo !Marejeo |- ||2006 ||''A Girl Like Me'' ||Ten Best Sales Releases, Foreign | {{won}} |<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ifpihk.org/hong-kong-top-sales-music-award-presented-01-11/hong-kong-top-sales-music-award-presented/2006|title=List of Ten Best Sales Releases, Foreign|publisher=[[IFPI]]|accessdate=2019-04-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121183050/http://www.ifpihk.org/hong-kong-top-sales-music-award-presented-01-11/hong-kong-top-sales-music-award-presented/2006|archivedate=2016-01-21}}</ref> |} ===iHeartRadio Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="8"| 2014<ref>{{cite web|title=Justin Timberlake, Rihanna, Imagine Dragons Lead iHeartRadio Music Awards Nominations|url=http://www.thewrap.com/iheartradio-music-awards-justin-timberlake-rihanna-imagine-dragons|accessdate=5 April 2014|archivedate=2017-03-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313042807/http://www.thewrap.com/iheartradio-music-awards-justin-timberlake-rihanna-imagine-dragons/}}</ref> |rowspan="2"| Rihanna | Artist of the Year | {{Won}} |- | Instagram Award | Aliteuliwa |- | "Stay" <small>(pamoja na [[Mikky Ekko]])</small> |rowspan="2"| Song of the Year | {{won}} |- | "The Monster" <small>(pamoja na [[Eminem]])</small> | Aliteuliwa |- | "Stay" <small>(pamoja na [[Mikky Ekko]])</small> |rowspan="2"| Best Collaboration | Aliteuliwa |- | "The Monster" <small>(pamoja na [[Eminem]])</small> | Aliteuliwa |- | "Pour It Up" | Hip Hop/R&B Song of the Year | {{won}} |- | Rihanna | Best Fan Army | {{won}} |- |rowspan="1"| 2016 |"Bitch Better Have My Money" |R&B Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="11"| 2017<ref>{{Rejea habari |url=http://www.eonline.com/news/819406/2017-iheartradio-music-awards-complete-list-of-nominations|work=E! Online |title=2017 iHeartRadio Music Awards: Complete List of Nominations |date=January 3, 2017}}</ref> |rowspan="3"| Rihanna | Female Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | R&B Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | Best Fan Army | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1"| ''Anti'' | R&B Album of the Year |{{won}} |- | "Too Good" <small>(pamoja na [[Drake (musician)|Drake]])</small> | Best Lyrics | Aliteuliwa |- | "Needed Me" |rowspan="2"| R&B Song of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"| "Work <small>(pamoja na [[Drake (musician)|Drake]])</small> | {{won}} |- | Best Collaboration | {{won}} |- |rowspan="2"| Best Music Video | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"| "This Is What You Came For <small>(pamoja na [[Calvin Harris]])</small> | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2"|Collaboration of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="5"| 2018<ref>https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/awards/8093669/iheartradio-music-awards-2018-nominees-full-list</ref> | rowspan="3"| Wild Thoughts Rihanna (pamoja na [[DJ Khaled]] & [[Bryson Tiller]]) | Aliteuliwa |- | Song of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | Hip-Hop Song of the Year | {{Won}} |- | rowspan="2"| Rihanna | Female Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | R&B Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa |} ===Japan Gold Disc Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2006<ref>{{cite web|title=The 20th Japan Gold Disc Music Awards 2006|url=http://www.riaj.or.jp/e/data/gdisc/2006.html|work=RIAJ|accessdate=17 April 2013|archive-date=2012-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120417220138/http://www.riaj.or.jp/e/data/gdisc/2006.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> ||Rihanna |International Best New Artist |{{won}} |} ===Juno Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.universalmusic.ca/press-releases/rihanna-announces-7th-studio-album-unapologetic-released-mon-nov-19/|title=RIHANNA ANNOUNCES 7TH STUDIO ALBUM UNAPOLOGETIC RELEASED MONDAY, NOVEMBER 19|publisher=Universal Music}}</ref> ||''Good Girl Gone Bad'' |rowspan="3"|Juno Award for International Album of the Year | {{won}} |- ||2012<ref>{{cite web|url=http://junoawards.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/2012-JUNO-Awards-Nominees-List.pdf|title=2012 Juno Awards Nominees|publisher=Juno Awards|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2014-08-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812210356/http://junoawards.ca/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/2012-JUNO-Awards-Nominees-List.pdf}}</ref> ||''Loud'' | Aliteuliwa |- ||2017 ||''ANTI'' | Aliteuliwa |} ===La Chanson de l'année=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |2012<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.meltybuzz.fr/la-chanson-de-l-annee-2012-garou-bat-rihanna-alicia-keys-ou-m-pokora-twitter-se-revolte-a147994.html|title=SLa Chanson de l'année 2012 : Garou bat Rihanna, Alicia Keys ou M. Pokora, Twitter se révolte !|work=Melty Buzz|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2013-12-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215194359/http://www.meltybuzz.fr/la-chanson-de-l-annee-2012-garou-bat-rihanna-alicia-keys-ou-m-pokora-twitter-se-revolte-a147994.html}}</ref> |"Diamonds" |Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |} ===Latin American Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |2016<ref>{{cite web|title=Latin American Music Awards 2016: Complete List of Winners|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/799813/latin-american-music-awards-2016-complete-list-of-winners|accessdate=7 October 2016}}</ref> |"This Is What You Came For" (pamoja na Calvin Harris) |Favorite Dance Song |{{won}} |} ===Los Premios 40 Principales=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2007<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.los40.com/premios-40-principales/ediciones-anteriores/| title=Ediciones anteriores| publisher=Premios 40| accessdate=2019-04-05| archivedate=2013-07-15| archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6I7sJjAkE?url=http://www.los40.com/premios-40-principales/ediciones-anteriores/}}</ref> |"Umbrella" <small>(pamoja na [[Jay-Z]])</small> |Best International Song | {{won}} |- ||2010<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.lahiguera.net/musicalia/notidesc.php?noticia=18588| title=NOMINACIONES A LOS PREMIOS 40 PRINCIPALES 2010| publisher=LaHiguera}}</ref> |Rihanna |Best International Artist | ALiteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|2011<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.tvyespectaculos.com/2011/10/13/lista-de-nominados-a-los-premios-40-principales-2011/| title=Lista de nominados a los Premios 40 Principales 2011| publisher=Los40| accessdate=2019-04-05| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160318100111/http://www.tvyespectaculos.com/2011/10/13/lista-de-nominados-a-los-premios-40-principales-2011/| archivedate=2016-03-18}}</ref> | Rihanna | Best International Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |"S&M" |Best International Song |Aliteuliwa |- |2012<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.los40.com/premios-40-principales/nominados/| title=Categoría nacional españa| publisher=Los40| accessdate=2019-04-05| archivedate=2012-12-05| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121205210328/http://www.los40.com/premios-40-principales/nominados/}}</ref> |"Talk That Talk" |Best International Album | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan=2|2013<ref>{{cite web|title=Pablo Alborán lidera las nominaciones a los Premios 40 Principales 2013|url=http://www.cadenaser.com/cultura/articulo/pablo-alboran-lidera-nominaciones-premios-principales-2013/csrcsrpor/20131010csrcsrcul_2/Tes|publisher=Cadena SER|accessdate=22 July 2014|archivedate=2014-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811194014/http://www.cadenaser.com/cultura/articulo/pablo-alboran-lidera-nominaciones-premios-principales-2013/csrcsrpor/20131010csrcsrcul_2/Tes}}</ref> |Rihanna |Best International Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |"Unapologetic" |Best International Album |ALiteuliwa |- |} ===Meteor Ireland Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2008 |rowspan="2"|Rihanna |rowspan="2"|Best International Female | Aliteuliwa |- ||2009<ref>{{cite web|title=Meteor Awards 2009 Nominees Revealed|url=http://www.goldenplec.com/meteor-awards-2009-nominees-revealed/|work=Goldenplec|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2012-07-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723125152/http://www.goldenplec.com/meteor-awards-2009-nominees-revealed/}}</ref> | Aliteuliwa |} ===MOBO Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2006<ref>{{cite web|title=2006 MOBO Awards - Winners|url=http://rap.about.com/od/awards/a/2006MOBOAwards.htm|work=About.com|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2013-05-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515160854/http://rap.about.com/od/awards/a/2006MOBOAwards.htm}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|Rihanna |Best R&B Artist | {{won}} |- |rowspan="2"|2007<ref>{{cite news|title=Mobo Awards 2007: Winners in full |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7003572.stm|work=BBC | date=September 19, 2007}}</ref> |Best International Act | {{won}} |- ||"Umbrella" <small>(pamoja na [[Jay-Z]])</small> |Best Video | ALiteuliwa |- ||2008<ref>{{cite web|title=The MOBO Awards 2008|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/1xtra/events/mobos08.shtml|work=BBC}}</ref> |rowspan="4"|Rihanna |rowspan="4"|Best International Act | ALiteuliwa |- ||2010<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominations Announced for the MOBO Awards 2010!|url=http://www.mobo.com/news-blogs/nominations-announced-for-the-mobo-awards-2010|work=MOBO|accessdate=2019-04-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714110633/http://www.mobo.com/news-blogs/nominations-announced-for-the-mobo-awards-2010|archivedate=2011-07-14}}</ref> | Aliteuliwa |- ||2011<ref>{{cite web|title=MOBO Awards 2011: Winners List In Full|url=http://www.gigwise.com/news/67643/MOBO-Awards-2011-Winners-List-In-full|work=Gigwise}}</ref> | {{Won}} |- ||2012<ref>{{cite web|title=MOBO Awards 2012 - who might win?|url=http://www.mobo.com/news-blogs/mobo-awards-2012-nominees-shortlist-revealed|work=MOBO|accessdate=2019-04-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170806100337/http://www.mobo.com/news-blogs/mobo-awards-2012-nominees-shortlist-revealed|archivedate=2017-08-06}}</ref> | Aliteuliwa |} ===MP3 Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2010<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.music-news.com/shownews.asp?nItemID=34972|title=MP3 Awards 2010 Nominations| publisher=Music News}}</ref> ||"Russian Roulette" |The BFV Award | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|2011<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.craveonline.com/music/articles/179607-kanye-adele-lead-2011-mp3-music-awards-winners| title=Kanye, Adele Lead 2011 MP3 Music Awards Winners| publisher=Crave Online| accessdate=2019-04-05| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122050718/http://www.craveonline.com/music/articles/179607-kanye-adele-lead-2011-mp3-music-awards-winners| archivedate=2012-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.metrolyrics.com/2011-mp3-music-awards.html| title=2011 MP3 Music Awards| publisher=Metro Lyrics| accessdate=2019-04-05| archivedate=2013-05-24| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524171312/http://www.metrolyrics.com/2011-mp3-music-awards.html}}</ref> |rowspan="1"|"All of the Lights" <small>(pamoja na [[Kanye West]])</small> |The HRR Award | {{won}} |- |rowspan="1"|"Cheers (Drink to That)" |The BFV Award | Aliteuliwa |- |} === MTV Movie Awards === {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |2014<ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/mtv-movie-awards-2014-winners-list-in-full-as-hunger-games-catching-fire-sweeps-the-board-9258401.html|title=MTV Movie Awards 2014: Winners list in full as Hunger Games Catching Fire sweeps the board|date=14 April 2014|work=The Independent |accessdate=15 April 2014}}</ref> |''This Is The End'' | MTV Movie Award for Best Cameo |{{Won}} |} ===MTV Video Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="2"|2006<ref>{{cite web|title=2006 MTV Video Music Awards Winners|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2006/categories.jhtml|work=MTV|accessdate=2019-04-05|archive-date=2020-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620090659/http://www.mtv.com/vma|url-status=dead}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|"SOS" |MTV Video Music Award – Viewer's Choice | Aliteuliwa |- |MTV Video Music Award for Best New Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="4"|2007<ref>{{cite web|title=2007 MTV Video Music Awards Winners|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2007/categories.jhtml|work=MTV|accessdate=2019-04-05|archive-date=2020-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620090659/http://www.mtv.com/vma|url-status=dead}}</ref> |Mwenyewe |[TV Video Music Award for Best Female Video |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|"Umbrella" <small>(pamoja [[Jay-Z]])</small> |MTV Video Music Award for Video of the Year | {{won}} |- |MTV Video Music Award for Monster Single of the Year | {{won}} |- |MTV Video Music Award for Best Direction | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|2008<ref>{{cite web|title=2008 MTV Video Music Awards Winners|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2008/categories.jhtml|work=MTV|accessdate=2019-04-05|archive-date=2012-09-06|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120906/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2008/categories.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|"Take a Bow" |Best Female Video | Aliteuliwa |- |Best Direction | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1"|2009 |rowspan="1"|"Live Your Life" <small>(pamoja na [[T.I.]])</small> |Best Male Video | {{won}} |- |2010<ref>{{cite web|title=2010 MTV Video Music Awards Winners|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2010/categories.jhtml|work=MTV|accessdate=2019-04-05|archive-date=2010-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100805164045/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2010/categories.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> |"Rude Boy" |MTV Video Music Award for Best Editing | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="8"|2011 |rowspan="4"|"Love the Way You Lie"<small>(pamoja na [[Eminem]])</small> |Best Male Video |Aliteuliwa |- |Best Cinematography |Aliteuliwa |- |Best Direction |Aliteuliwa |- |Best Video with a Message |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="4=|"All of the Lights" <small>(pamoja na [[Kanye West]] & Kid Cudi)</small> |Best Collaboration |Aliteuliwa |- |Best Editing |ALiteuliwa |- |Best Hip-Hop Video |Aliteuliwa |- |Best Male Video |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="11"|2012<ref>{{cite web|title=2012 MTV Video Music Awards Winners|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2012/categories.jhtml|work=MTV|accessdate=2019-04-05|archive-date=2013-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328110059/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2012/categories.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|"Princess of China" <small>(w/ [[Coldplay]])</small> |Best Editing | Aliteuliwa |- |Best Direction | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="4"|"Take Care" <small>(pamoja na Drake)</small> | Best Male Video | Aliteuliwa |- | Best Art Direction | Aliteuliwa |- | Best Cinematography | Aliteuliwa |- | Video of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|"Where Have You Been" |MTV Video Music Award for Best Choreography | Aliteuliwa |- |MTV Video Music Award for Best Visual Effects | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|"We Found Love" <small>(pamoja na [[Calvin Harris]])</small> |Video of the Year |{{won}} |- |MTV Video Music Award for Best Pop Video |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|Best Female Video |ALiteuliwa |- |rowspan="1"|2013<ref>{{cite web|title=2013 MTV Video Music Awards Nominations|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2013/categories.jhtml|work=MTV|accessdate=2019-04-05|archive-date=2013-07-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719014700/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2013/categories.jhtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> |rowspan="1"|"Stay" <small>(pamoja na [[Mikky Ekko]])</small> |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|2014 |rowspan="3"|"The Monster" <small>(pamoja na [[Eminem]])</small> |Best Collaboration |Aliteuliwa |- |Best Direction |Aliteuliwa |- |Best Male Video |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1"|2015<ref>{{cite web|title=2015 MTV Video Music Awards Nominations|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2015|work=MTV|accessdate=2019-04-05|archive-date=2016-06-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160608234905/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2015/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |rowspan="1"|"American Oxygen" |Best Video With A Social Message |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="5" |2016 |rowspan='2'|"[[Work" <small>(pamoja na [[Drake (musician)|Drake]])</small> | Best Female Video | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan='2'| Best Collaboration |ALiteuliwa |- |rowspan='2'| "This Is What You Came For" <small> (pamoja na [[Calvin Harris]])</small> | Aliteuliwa |- | Best Male Video | {{won}} |- | Mwenyewe | Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award | {{won}} |- |rowspan="4" |2017 | rowspan="4" |"Wild Thoughts" <small>(pamoja na [[DJ Khaled]] & [[Bryson Tiller]])</small> |Best Collaboration | Aliteuliwa |- |Video of The Year |Aliteuliwa |- |Best Art Direction |Aliteuliwa |- |Song of the Summer |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2" |2018 |rowspan="2" |"Lemon" <small>(pamoja na [[N.E.R.D.]])</small> |Best Collaboration |Aliteuliwa |- |Best Editing |{{won}} |} ===MTV Video Music Awards Japan=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="2"|2009<ref>{{cite web|title=NeYo, Beyonce Earn MTV Video Music Awards Japan Nominations|url=http://singersroom.com/content/2009-03-19/neyo-beyonce-earn-mtv-video-music-awards-japan-nominations/amp/|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2020-06-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620090659/http://singersroom.com/content/2009-03-19/neyo-beyonce-earn-mtv-video-music-awards-japan-nominations/amp/}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|"Live Your Life" <small>(pamoja na [[T.I.]])</small> |Best Hip-Hop Video | Aliteuliwa |- |Best Collaboration | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1"|2010<ref>{{cite web|title=MTV World Stage VMAJ 2010|url=http://ohnotheydidnt.livejournal.com/45512340.html}}</ref> |"Russian Roulette" |Best Female Video | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|2011<ref>{{cite web|title=MTV reveals nominees for "MTV VIDEO MUSIC AID JAPAN"|url=http://www.tokyohive.com/article/2011/04/mtv-reveals-nominees-for-mtv-video-music-aid-japan/|work=Tokyohive}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=ANNOUNCING THE WINNERS OF THIS YEAR'S MTV VMAJs|url=http://www.mtvjapan.com/vmaj2011/en/blog/|work=MTV|accessdate=2019-04-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118013826/http://www.mtvjapan.com/vmaj2011/en/blog/|archivedate=2015-01-18}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|"Only Girl (In The World)" |Best Female Video | Aliteuliwa |- |Best R&B Video | {{won}} |- |"Love The Way You Lie" <small>(pamoja na [[Eminem]])</small> |Best Collaboration Video | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|2012<ref>{{cite web|title=Award show to be held on Saturday June 23, 2012 at Makuhari Messe in Chiba Prefecture, Japan|url=http://www.mtvasia.com/news/vmaj-2012-nominees-announced|work=MTV|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2016-01-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121183050/http://www.mtvasia.com/news/vmaj-2012-nominees-announced}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|"We Found Love" <small>(feat. [[Calvin Harris]])</small> |Best Female Video - International | Aliteuliwa |- |Best Pop Video | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|2013<ref>{{cite web|title=Bruno Mars, FUN., One Direction, Taylor Swift and Kana Nishino lead with three nominations each|url=http://www.mtvasia.com/news/mtv-japan-unveils-mtv-vmaj-2013-nominations|work=MTV|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2017-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170221030512/http://www.mtvasia.com/news/mtv-japan-unveils-mtv-vmaj-2013-nominations}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|"Diamonds" |Best Female Video - International | Aliteuliwa |- |Best R&B Video | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|2016<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominees Announced for the MTV Video Music Awards Japan 2016|url=http://aramajapan.com/news/tvmovie/musicaward-show/nominees-announced-for-the-mtv-video-music-awards-japan-2016/63199/|accessdate=7 October 2016}}</ref> |Work <small>(pamoja na [[Drake (entertainer)|Drake]]) |Best Female Video - International | Aliteuliwa |- |ANTI |Album of the Year - International | Aliteuliwa |- |This Is What You Came For <small>(pamoja na Calvin Harris) |Best Dance Video | Aliteuliwa |} ===MTV Europe Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="1"|2005<ref>{{cite web|title=Madonna and Robbie sing for stars at MTV Awards|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-367456/Madonna-Robbie-sing-stars-MTV-Awards.html|work=Dailymail}}</ref> |Rihanna |Best New Act |{{won}} |- |rowspan="2"|2006<ref>{{cite web|title=Red Hot Chili Peppers Lead MTV Europe Awards Nominations|url=http://www.entertainmentwise.com/news/22479/red-hot-chili-peppers-lead-mtv-europe-awards-nominations|work=Entertainmentwise|accessdate=2019-04-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120610120153/http://www.entertainmentwise.com/news/22479/Red-Hot-Chili-Peppers-Lead-MTV-Europe-Awards-Nominations|archivedate=2012-06-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Kanye West sore loser at MTV Europe Awards|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2006-11-02-europe-mtv-awards_x.htm|work=USA Today}}</ref> |Rihanna |Best R&B |{{won}} |- |"SOS" |Best Song |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|2007<ref>{{cite web|title=MTV EMA nominations revealed.|url=http://ohnotheydidnt.livejournal.com/15761839.html|work=ONTD}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Amy Winehouse wins at the MTV Europe Music Awards|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/3668974/Amy-Winehouse-wins-at-the-MTV-Europe-Music-Awards.html|work=Telegraph}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|Rihanna |Ultimate Urban |{{won}} |- |Best Solo |Aliteuliwa |- |"Umbrella"<small>(pamoja na [[Jay-Z]])</small> |Most Addictive Track |Aliteuliwa |- ||2008<ref>{{cite web|title=MTV Europe Music Awards 2008 Nominees|url=http://www.musicloversgroup.com/mtv-europe-music-awards-2008-nominees/|work=Music Lovers Group}}</ref> ||Rihanna |Act of 2008 | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="5"|2010<ref>{{cite web|title=2010 MTV Europe Music Awards Winners|url=http://www.musicloversgroup.com/2010-mtv-europe-music-awards-winners/|work=Music Lovers Group}}</ref> ||"Rude Boy" |rowspan="2"|Song of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|"Love the Way You Lie" <small>(pamoja na [[Eminem]])</small> | Aliteuliwa |- |Video of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|Rihanna |Best Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|Best Pop Artist | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1"|2011<ref>{{cite web|title=MTV EMAs - winners in full|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a349429/mtv-emas-winners-in-full.html|work=[[Digital Spy]]|date=November 6, 2011|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2015-09-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924145350/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a349429/mtv-emas-winners-in-full.html}}</ref> | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="8"|2012<ref>{{cite web|title=MTV Europe Music Awards 2012 - the winners in full|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a437333/mtv-europe-music-awards-2012-the-winners-in-full.html|work=[[Digital Spy]]|date=November 11, 2012|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2015-09-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924152442/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/news/a437333/mtv-europe-music-awards-2012-the-winners-in-full.html}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|"We Found Love" <small>(feat. [[Calvin Harris]])</small> |Best Video | Aliteuliwa |- |Best Song | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="6"|Rihanna |Best Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |Best Pop Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |Best Look | Aliteuliwa |- |Biggest Fans | Aliteuliwa |- |Worldwide Act | Aliteuliwa |- |Best North American Act | {{won}} |- |rowspan="2"|2013<ref>{{cite web|title=MTV EMAs 2013: Nominations List|url=http://www.capitalfm.com/music-news/mtv-emas-2013-nominations-list/|work=Capital FM}}</ref> | rowspan="1"| "Diamonds" | Best Song | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="1"| Rihanna |Best Look | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1"|2014<ref>{{cite web|title=Madonna and Robbie sing for stars at MTV Awards|url=http://www.mtv.com/news/1931931/2014-mtv-ema-nominations/|work=MTV|accessdate=2019-04-05|archive-date=2015-07-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701124745/http://www.mtv.com/news/1931931/2014-mtv-ema-nominations/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |"The Monster" <small>(pamoja na [[Eminem]])</small> |Best Song |{{nom}} |- |rowspan="1"|2015<ref>{{cite web |title=MTV EMA 2015 Winners |url=http://tv.mtvema.com/winners |work=MTV |accessdate=2019-04-05 |archivedate=2014-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140716104709/http://tv.mtvema.com/winners }}</ref> |rowspan="4"|Rihanna |rowspan="2"|Best Female |{{won}} |- |rowspan="4"|2016 |Aliteuliwa |- |Best Pop |Aliteuliwa |- |Best Look |Aliteuliwa |- |"Work"<small> (pamoja na [[Drake (musician)|Drake]])</small> |Best Song |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1" |2017 | rowspan="1" |"Wild Thoughts" (pamoja na [[DJ Khaled]] & [[Bryson Tiller]]) |Best Song | Aliteuliwa |} ===MTV Africa Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2008<ref>{{cite web|title=Mtv Africa Music Awards 2008 - Music/Radio - Nairaland|url=http://www.nairaland.com/178998/mtv-africa-music-awards-2008|work=Nairaland|accessdate=October 4, 2008}}</ref> |rowspan="4"|Rihanna |Best R&B Artist | Aliteuliwa |- ||2010<ref>{{cite web|title=MTV Africa Music Awards nominations announced - Vote now|url=http://www.thisisafrica.me/music/detail/1128/mtv-africa-music-awards-nominations-announced-vote-now|work=This Is Africa|accessdate=November 1, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109154000/http://www.thisisafrica.me/music/detail/1128/mtv-africa-music-awards-nominations-announced-vote-now|archivedate=2013-11-09}}</ref> |rowspan="3"|Best International Artist | Aliteuliwa |- ||2014<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/2014-mama-best-international-nominees-revealed/ | title=MTV News - 2014 MAMA Best International Nominees Revealed! | publisher=[[MTV Base]] | date=28 May 2014 | accessdate=28 May 2014 | archivedate=2014-11-15 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141115111819/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/2014-mama-best-international-nominees-revealed/ }}</ref> |Aliteuliwa |- ||2016<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.okayafrica.com/in-brief/mtv-africa-music-awards-2016-nominees-mtvmama2016/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2019-04-05 |archive-date=2017-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824092500/http://www.okayafrica.com/in-brief/mtv-africa-music-awards-2016-nominees-mtvmama2016/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |Aliteuliwa |} ===MTV Video Music Brasil=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |2012 |Rihanna |Best International Artist |Aliteuliwa |} ===MTV Platinum Video Plays Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- | rowspan="3" align:center;"| 2011<ref>{{cite web|title=Rihanna and Lady Gaga Lead 2010 MTV Video Play Awards|url=http://www.antimusic.com/news/11/feb/02Rihanna_and_Lady_Gaga_Lead_2010_MTV_Video_Play_Awards.shtml|work=Anti Music|accessdate=February 2, 2011}}</ref> | "Rude Boy" | Double Platinum | {{won}} |- | "Russian Roulette" | Platinum | {{won}} |- | "Love the Way You Lie" <small>(pamoja na [[Eminem]])</small> | Double Platinum | {{won}} |- | rowspan="2" align:center;"| 2012<ref>{{cite web|title=MTV Video Play Awards: Check Out Which Artist is Most Played|url=http://www.beirutnightlife.com/music/artists/mtv-video-play-awards-check-artist-played/|work=Beirut Night Life|accessdate=February 13, 2012}}</ref> | "What's My Name?" <small>(pamoja na [[Drake (Canadian rapper)|Drake]])</small> |Double Platinum | {{won}} |- | "Who's That Chick?" <small>(pamoja na [[David Guetta]])</small> |rowspan="2"|Platinum | {{won}} |- | rowspan="3" align:center;"| 2013<ref>{{cite web|title=MTV honours most-played music videos of 2012|url=http://www.musicweek.com/news/read/mtv-honours-most-played-music-videos-of-2012/053570|work=Musicweek|accessdate=February 13, 2013}}</ref> |"Princess of China" <small>(pamoja na [[Coldplay]])</small> | {{won}} |- | "We Found Love" <small>(pamoja na [[Calvin Harris]])</small> |rowspan="2"|Double Platinum | {{won}} |- | "Where Have You Been" | {{won}} |} ===MTV O Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="4"|2011 |Rihanna Navy |Fan Army FTW | Aliteuliwa |- |"Shy Ronnie 2: Ronnie & Clyde" <small> (pamoja na [[The Lonely Island]]) </small> |Funniest Music Short | Aliteuliwa |- |"F**K Yeah Rihanna" |F**K Yeah Tumblr | Aliteuliwa |- |"Catfight" <small> (pamoja na [[Katy Perry]]) </small> |Favorite Animated GIF | Aliteuliwa |- |} ===mtvU Woodie Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2012<ref>{{cite web|title=mtvU Woodie Awards - 2012|url=http://www.mtv.com/ontv/woodieawards/2012/|work=MTV|accessdate=March 18, 2013|archive-date=2013-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130304225113/http://www.mtv.com/ontv/woodieawards/2012/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ||"We Found Love" <small>(pamoja na [[Calvin Harris]])</small> |EDM Effect Woodie | {{won}} |} ===MTV Millennial Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |2014 |Rihanna |Celebrity without filter on Instagrammer | Aliteuliwa |- |2016 |"Work" (pamoja na Drake) |International Hit of the Year | {{won}} |- |2017 |"This is What You Came From" (pamoja na Calvin Harris) |Collaboration of the Year | ALiteuliwa |- ||2018<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mtvla.com/mx/mtv-miaw/noticias/flor-vigna-mica-viciconte-mica-suarez-lali-y-mas-argentinos-nominados-a-los-premios-mtv-miaw-2018|title=MTV Millennial 2018: nominations|date=18 April 2018|accessdate=21 April 2018|archive-date=2018-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020103318/http://www.mtvla.com/mx/mtv-miaw/noticias/flor-vigna-mica-viciconte-mica-suarez-lali-y-mas-argentinos-nominados-a-los-premios-mtv-miaw-2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> ||Rihanna |Global Instagrammer | Aliteuliwa |} ===MTV Italian Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- | rowspan="2"| 2007 | rowspan="1" | Rihanna |First Lady |Aliteuliwa |- | "Umbrella" | Best Number One of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="3"| 2011 | rowspan="8" | Rihanna |Hot&Sexy Awards |Aliteuliwa |- | Too Much Awards |Aliteuliwa |- |Wonder Woman |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1"| 2012 |Wonder Woman |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="2"| 2013 |Wonder Woman |Aliteuliwa |- |Instavip |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="3"| 2014 |Best Look |Aliteuliwa |- |Artist Saga |Aliteuliwa |- | Can't Remember To Forget You ft [[Shakira]] | Best Video |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="3"| 2015 | rowspan="9" | Rihanna |Best Look |{{won}} |- |Artist Saga |Aliteuliwa |- |#MTVAwardsStar |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="3" | 2016 |Best International Female |Aliteuliwa |- |Artist Saga |Aliteuliwa |- |#MTVAwardsStar |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="3" | 2017<ref>{{cite web|url=mtvawards.mtv.it/vincitori-2017}}</ref> |Best Look and Smile | {{won}} |- | Artist Saga |Aliteuliwa |- |#MTVAwardsStar |Aliteuliwa |- |} ===MuchMusic Video Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="2"|2006<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.metrolyrics.com/2006-muchmusic-video-awards.html| title=2006 MuchMusic Video Awards| publisher=Metro Lyrics| accessdate=2019-04-05| archivedate=2013-06-16| archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130616023219/http://www.metrolyrics.com/2006-muchmusic-video-awards.html}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|"SOS" |International Video of the Year - Artist | {{won}} |- |UR Fave International Artist/Group | Aliteuliwa |- ||2007<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.metrolyrics.com/2007-muchmusic-video-awards.html| title=2007 MuchMusic Video Awards| publisher=Metro Lyrics| accessdate=2019-04-05| archivedate=2013-06-02| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602150233/http://www.metrolyrics.com/2007-muchmusic-video-awards.html}}</ref> ||"Umbrella" <small>(feat. [[Jay-Z]])</small> |rowspan="2"|International Video of the Year - Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|2008<ref>{{cite web | url=http://singersroom.com/content/2008-06-17/Is-Rihannas-Umbrella-2007s-Most-Watched-Video/|title=Is Rihanna's Umbrella 2007's Most Watched Video?| publisher=Singersroom}}</ref> ||"Don't Stop the Music" | {{won}} |- ||"Umbrella" <small>(pamoja na [[Jay-Z]])</small> |Most Watched Video | {{won}} |- ||"Don't Stop The Music" |UR Fave International Artist/Group | Aliteuliwa |- ||2009 ||"Live Your Life" <small>(pamoja na [[T.I.]])</small> |rowspan="2"|International Video of the Year - Artist | Aliteuliwa |- ||2010<ref>{{cite web| url=http://oceanup.com/2010/05/18/much-music-video-awards-2010-nominees| title=Much Music Video Awards 2010 Nominees| publisher=Ocean Up| accessdate=2019-04-05| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014233232/http://oceanup.com/2010/05/18/much-music-video-awards-2010-nominees| archivedate=2013-10-14}}</ref> ||"Rude Boy" | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="6"|2011<ref>{{cite web| url=http://entertainment.ca.msn.com/music/features/2011-muchmusic-video-awards-nominees-revealed| title=2011 MuchMusic Video Awards nominees revealed| publisher=MSN| accessdate=2019-04-05| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109211608/http://entertainment.ca.msn.com/music/features/2011-muchmusic-video-awards-nominees-revealed| archivedate=2013-11-09| =https://web.archive.org/web/20131109211608/http://entertainment.ca.msn.com/music/features/2011-muchmusic-video-awards-nominees-revealed}}</ref> |rowspan="3"|"Love the Way You Lie" <small>(pamoja na [[Eminem]])</small> |Most Watched Video of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |International Video of the Year - Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |UR Fave International Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|"Only Girl (In the World)" |International Video of the Year - Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |Most Watched Video of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- ||"Who's That Chick?" <small>(pamoja na [[David Guetta]])</small> |rowspan="2"|International Video of the Year - Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|2012<ref>{{cite web | url=http://singersroom.com/content/2012-05-16/Chris-Brown-Nicki-Minaj-Rihanna-among-2012-Much-Music-Nominees/#ixzz1v8DNrR26|title=Chris Brown, Nicki Minaj, Rihanna Among 2012 Much Music Nominees| publisher=Singersroom}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|"We Found Love" <small>(pamoja na [[Calvin Harris]])</small> | Aliteuliwa |- |UR Fave International Artist/Group | Aliteuliwa |- ||"Take Care" <small>(w/ [[Drake (Canadian rapper)|Drake]])</small> |International Video of the Year by a Canadian | Aliteuliwa |- |2013<ref>{{cite web| url=http://oceanup.com/2013/may/22/muchmusic-video-awards-2013-nominees| title=MuchMusic Video Awards 2013 Nominees| publisher=Ocean Up| accessdate=2019-04-05| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623113201/http://oceanup.com/2013/may/22/muchmusic-video-awards-2013-nominees| archivedate=2013-06-23}}</ref> |"Diamonds" |International Video of the Year - Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|2016 |rowspan="2"|"[[Work (Rihanna song)|Work]]" |iHeartRadio International Artist of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |Most Buzzworthy International Artist or Group |Aliteuliwa |} ===MYX Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2011<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myxph.com/features/1782/myx-music-awards-2011-winners/ |title=MYX Music Awards 2011 Winners |publisher=MyX Music Awards |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306034711/http://myxph.com/features/1782/myx-music-awards-2011-winners |archivedate=2016-03-06 |df= }}</ref> ||"Love the Way You Lie" <small>(w/ [[Eminem]])</small> |Favorite International Video | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|2013 ||"Right Now" <small>(ft. David Guetta)</small> |Favorite International Video | Aliteuliwa |- ||"Diamonds" |Favorite R&B Video | {{won}} |} ===NAACP Image Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2008<ref>{{cite web|title=39th NAACP Image Awards Show 2008|url=http://voices.yahoo.com/39th-naacp-image-awards-show-2008-906733.html?cat=7|work=Yahoo!|accessdate=February 14, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223070935/http://voices.yahoo.com/39th-naacp-image-awards-show-2008-906733.html?cat=7|archivedate=2012-12-23}}</ref> ||"Umbrella" <small>(pamoja na [[Jay-Z]])</small> |Outstanding Song | Aliteuliwa |- ||2009<ref>{{cite news|title=Chris Brown and Rihanna both up for NAACP Image Awards|url=http://goldderby.latimes.com/awards_goldderby/2009/02/chris-brown-and.html|work=LA Times|accessdate=February 10, 2009|date=February 10, 2009|archivedate=2017-03-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312194640/http://goldderby.latimes.com/awards_goldderby/2009/02/chris-brown-and.html}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|Rihanna |rowspan="2"| Outstanding Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|2010<ref>{{cite web|title='Precious,' Jay-Z, Rihanna and Sandra Bullock headline NAACP Image Awards nods|url=http://www.hitfix.com/articles/precious-jay-z-alicia-keys-and-sandra-bullock-headline-naacp-image-awards-nods|work=Hit Fix|accessdate=January 6, 2010|archive-date=2016-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121183050/http://www.hitfix.com/articles/precious-jay-z-alicia-keys-and-sandra-bullock-headline-naacp-image-awards-nods|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Aliteuliwa |- | "Run This Town"<small>(pamoja na [[Jay-Z]] & [[Kanye West]])</small> | Outstanding Duo or Group | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|2011<ref>{{cite web|title=Rihanna, Kanye West Nominated for 42nd NAACP Image Awards|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2011/01/12/rihanna-kanye-west-nominated-for-42nd-naacp-image-awards/|work=Rap-Up|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824011800/http://www.rap-up.com/2011/01/12/rihanna-kanye-west-nominated-for-42nd-naacp-image-awards/|archivedate=2017-08-24|accessdate=2019-04-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> ||Rihanna | Outstanding Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |- ||"Love the Way You Lie" <small>(pamoja na [[Eminem]])</small> |Outstanding Duo, Group or Collaboration | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|2018 | "[[Loyalty (Kendrick Lamar song)|LOYALTY.]]"<small>(w/ [[Kendrick Lamar]])</small> |Outstanding Duo, Group or Collaboration | {{won}} |- |} ===NME Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2008<ref>{{cite web|title=Shockwaves NME Awards 2008: Kylie Minogue voted Sexiest Woman|url=http://www.nme.com/news/nme-awards/34782|work=NME|accessdate=February 28, 2008}}</ref> ||Rihanna |Sexiest Woman | Aliteuliwa |} ===NRJ Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="2"|2007<ref>{{cite web|title=Nommés des NRJ Music Awards 2007|url=http://www.toutelatele.com/nommes-des-nrj-music-awards-2007-5106|work=toutelatele|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2020-06-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620090713/https://www.toutelatele.com/nommes-des-nrj-music-awards-2007-5106}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Palmarès des NRJ Music Awards 2007|url=http://www.toutelatele.com/palmares-des-nrj-music-awards-2007-6006|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2020-12-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204143402/https://www.toutelatele.com/palmares-des-nrj-music-awards-2007-6006}}</ref> ||Rihanna |International Revelation of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- ||"Unfaithful" |rowspan="2"|Best International Song | {{won}} |- |rowspan="3"|2008<ref>{{cite web|title=NRJ Music Awards 2008 : tous les nommés|url=http://www.toutelatele.com/nrj-music-awards-2008-tous-les-nommes-8694}}</ref> ||"Don't Stop the Music" | {{won}} |- ||''Good Girl Gone Bad'' |Best International Album | Aliteuliwa |- ||Rihanna |Best International Female | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|2009<ref>{{cite web|title=NRJ music awards 2009: mistake on the winner name!|url=http://www.citizenside.com/en/photos/people/2009-01-17/12234/nrj-music-awards-2009-mistake-on-the-winner-name.html#f=0/63728|work=Citizen Side|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2016-01-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121183050/http://www.citizenside.com/en/photos/people/2009-01-17/12234/nrj-music-awards-2009-mistake-on-the-winner-name.html#f=0/63728}}</ref> ||"Disturbia" |Best International Song | {{won}} |- |rowspan="2"|Rihanna |rowspan="2"|Best International Female | Aliteuliwa |- ||2010<ref>{{cite web|title=Rihanna, Beyonce Top NRJ Music Award Winners|url=http://singersroom.com/content/2010-01-25/Rihanna-Beyonce-Top-NRJ-Music-Award-Winners/|work=Singersroom}}</ref> | {{won}} |- |rowspan="4"|2011<ref>{{cite web|title=NRJ Music Awards 2011 : les nominations, Lady Gaga déjà favorite|url=http://www.staragora.com/news/nrj-music-awards-2011-les-nominations-lady-gaga-deja-favorite/409758|work=Staragora}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|"Love the Way You Lie" <small>(w/ [[Eminem]])</small> |Best International Song | Aliteuliwa |- |Video of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- ||Rihanna |Best International Female | Aliteuliwa |- ||Rihanna & Eminem |Best International Duo | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|2012<ref>{{cite web|title=2012 NRJ Music Awards|url=http://www.metrolyrics.com/2012-nrj-music-awards.html|work=Metro Lyrics|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2013-07-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130717015351/http://www.metrolyrics.com/2012-nrj-music-awards.html}}</ref> ||Rihanna |Best International Female | {{won}} |- ||"We Found Love" <small>(pamoja na [[Calvin Harris]])</small> |Best International Song | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|2013 <ref>{{cite web|title=2013 NRJ Music Awards|url=http://www.metrolyrics.com/2013-nrj-music-awards.html|work=Metro Lyrics|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2013-06-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629235328/http://www.metrolyrics.com/2013-nrj-music-awards.html}}</ref> ||Rihanna |Best International Female | {{won}} |- ||"Diamonds" |Best International Song | Aliteuliwa |- ||"Where Have You Been" |Video Of The Year | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1"|2013 (15th Edition)<ref>{{cite web|title=Katy Perry et Maître Gims : la star américaine et le Wati-boy confirment leur présence à la 15e édition des NRJ Music Awards !|url=http://www.public.fr/News/Katy-Perry-et-Maitre-Gims-la-star-americaine-et-le-Wati-boy-confirment-leur-presence-a-la-15e-edition-des-NRJ-Music-Awards-459383.amp|work=Public|accessdate=2019-04-05|archive-date=2020-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620090715/https://amp.public.fr/News/Katy-Perry-et-Maitre-Gims-la-star-americaine-et-le-Wati-boy-confirment-leur-presence-a-la-15e-edition-des-NRJ-Music-Awards-459383|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ||Rihanna |Best International Female | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1"|2015 ||Rihanna |Best International Female | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|2016<ref>{{cite web|title=NRJ Music Awards 2016 : La liste des nommés|url=http://www.ozap.com/actu/nrj-music-awards-2016-la-liste-des-nommes/508061|work=Ozap}}</ref> ||Rihanna |Best International Female | Aliteuliwa |- ||Rihanna & Calvin Harris |Best International Duo | Aliteuliwa |- ||"Work" <small>(pamoja na [[Drake (musician)|Drake]])</small> |Video Of The Year | Aliteuliwa |} ===Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="2"|2009<ref>{{cite web|title=2009 Nickelodeon Kids Choice Awards Nominees List Released; Fans Will Vote on Finalists|url=http://voices.yahoo.com/2009-nickelodeon-kids-choice-awards-nominees-list-2622794.html?cat=33|work=Yahoo!|accessdate=February 6, 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529191346/http://voices.yahoo.com/2009-nickelodeon-kids-choice-awards-nominees-list-2622794.html?cat=33|archivedate=2013-05-29}}</ref> ||Rihanna |Favorite Female Singer | Aliteuliwa |- ||"Don't Stop the Music" |Favorite Song | Aliteuliwa |- |2017 ||Rihanna |Favorite Female Singer | Aliteuliwa |- | 2019 || Rihanna |Best Movie Actress kwenye filamu ya Oceans 8 | Aliteuliwa |} ===Nickelodeon Australian Kids' Choice Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2006<ref>{{cite web|title=Prepare To Be Slimed…As The Australian Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards Nominees Are Announced!|url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=85242&p=irol-newsArticle_pf&ID=1014006&highlight=|work=Viacom|accessdate=2019-04-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121183050/http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=85242&p=irol-newsArticle_pf&ID=1014006&highlight=|archivedate=2016-01-21}}</ref> ||Rihanna |Favorite International Artist | Aliteuliwa |- ||2007<ref>{{cite web|title=Voting Open for Nickelodeon's Australian Kids' Choice Awards 2007|url=http://www.nickkcapress.com/2007KCA/aus/Voting%20Open%20140807.pdf|work=Nickk Capress|accessdate=August 14, 2007|archivedate=2017-02-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220235956/http://www.nickkcapress.com/2007KCA/aus/Voting%20Open%20140807.pdf}}</ref> ||"Umbrella" <small>(feat. [[Jay-Z]])</small> |Favorite Song | Aliteuliwa |- ||2008 ||Rihanna |Favorite International Artist | Aliteuliwa |} ===Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards UK=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2007<ref>{{cite web|title=In full: Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards UK nominees|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/news/a68524/in-full-nickelodeon-kids-choice-awards-uk-nominees.html|work=Digital Spy|accessdate=July 30, 2007|archivedate=2015-06-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610223055/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/tv/news/a68524/in-full-nickelodeon-kids-choice-awards-uk-nominees.html}}</ref> ||"Umbrella" <small>(feat. [[Jay-Z]])</small> |MTV Hits Best Music Video | Aliteuliwa |} ===Premios Oye!=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2013<ref name="Oye!">{{cite web|url=http://musica.terra.com.mx/lista-completa-de-los-ganadores-de-premios-oye-2013,f6081cb49b2be310VgnVCM5000009ccceb0aRCRD.html|title=Lista completa de los ganadores de Premios Oye! 2013|access-date=10 April 2014|last=Rojas|first=Miriam|date=17 May 2013|work=Terra.com.mx|publisher=Telefónica S.A.}}</ref> ||"Diamonds" |English Song of the Year | {{won}} |- |} ===People's Choice Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2008<ref>{{cite web|title=2008 People's Choice Awards Goes on in Spite of the Writer's Strike|url=http://voices.yahoo.com/2008-peoples-choice-awards-goes-spite-the-791257.html?cat=33|work=Yahoo!|accessdate=2019-04-05|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130615214912/http://voices.yahoo.com/2008-peoples-choice-awards-goes-spite-the-791257.html?cat=33|archivedate=2013-06-15}}</ref> ||"Shut Up and Drive" |Favorite R&B Song | {{won}} |- |rowspan="3"|2009<ref>{{cite web|title=People's Choice Awards 2009 Nominees|url=http://www.peopleschoice.com/pca/awards/nominees/index.jsp?year=2009|work=Digital Spy}}</ref> ||Rihanna |Favorite Female Singer | Aliteuliwa |- ||"Disturbia" |Favorite Pop Song | Aliteuliwa |- ||"Take a Bow" |Favorite R&B Song | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|2010<ref>{{cite web|title=People's Choice Awards 2010: The Winners|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a194568/peoples-choice-awards-2010-the-winners.html|work=Digital Spy|accessdate=January 7, 2010|archivedate=2015-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210100126/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a194568/peoples-choice-awards-2010-the-winners.html}}</ref> ||"Run This Town" <small>(pamoja na [[Jay-Z]] & [[Kanye West]])</small> |rowspan="2"|Favorite Music Collaboration | {{won}} |- ||"Live Your Life" <small>(pamoja na [[T.I.]])</small> | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|2011<ref>{{cite web|title=People's People's Choice Awards 2011: The Winners|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a296264/peoples-choice-awards-2011-the-winners.html|work=Digital Spy|accessdate=January 6, 2011|archivedate=2011-12-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111219135503/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a296264/peoples-choice-awards-2011-the-winners.html}}</ref> ||Rihanna |Favorite Pop Artist | {{won}} |- |rowspan="2"|"Love the Way You Lie" <small>(pamoja [[Eminem]])</small> |Favorite Music Video | {{won}} |- |Favorite Song | {{won}} |- |rowspan="2"|2012<ref>{{cite web|title=People's Choice Awards 2012: The winners in full|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a359235/peoples-choice-awards-2012-the-winners-in-full.html|work=Digital Spy|accessdate=January 12, 2012|archivedate=2012-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113012453/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a359235/peoples-choice-awards-2012-the-winners-in-full.html}}</ref> |rowspan="7"|Rihanna |Favorite Pop Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|Favorite R&B Artist | {{won}} |- |2013<ref>{{cite web|title=People's Choice Awards 2013: The winners and nominees in full|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a448890/peoples-choice-awards-2013-the-winners-and-nominees-in-full.html|work=Digital Spy|accessdate=January 10, 2013|archivedate=2015-09-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924172534/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a448890/peoples-choice-awards-2013-the-winners-and-nominees-in-full.html}}</ref> | {{won}} |- |2014 | Aliteuliwa |- |2015 | Favorite Animated Movie Voice | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="4"|2017 | Favorite Female Singer | Aliteuliwa |- | Favorite R&B Artist | {{won}} |- | "Work" | Favorite Song | Aliteuliwa |- | ''Anti'' | Favorite Album | Aliteuliwa |} ===Radio Disney Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="2"|2006<ref>{{cite web|title=Vote for the Radio Disney Awards!!!|url=http://www.shineon-media.com/2006/11/16/vote-for-the-radio-disney-awards|work=shine on media|date=April 21, 2014}}</ref> ||Rihanna |Best Female Singer | Aliteuliwa |- ||"SOS" |Best Song | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|[[2017 Radio Disney Music Awards|2017]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Radio disney music awards 2017 nominations|url=http://www.eonline.com/news/833663/radio-disney-music-awards-2017-complete-list-of-nominations/|work=e online|date= March 21, 2017}}</ref> |rowspan="4"|"[[Work (Rihanna song)|Work]]"<small> (with [[Drake (musician)|Drake]])</small> | Best Song to Lip Sync to | {{won}} |} ===Soul Train Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="2"|2010<ref>{{cite web|title=2010 Soul Train Awards|url=http://randb.about.com/od/musicawardsshows/a/2010-Soul-Train-Awards.htm|work=About.com|accessdate=November 29, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809212430/http://randb.about.com/od/musicawardsshows/a/2010-Soul-Train-Awards.htm|archivedate=2017-08-09}}</ref> |"Love the Way You Lie" <small>(w/ [[Eminem]])</small> |Best Hip-Hop Song of the Year | {{won}} |- |"Rude Boy" |Best R&B Song | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|2011<ref>{{cite web|title=2011 Soul Train Awards|url=http://randb.about.com/od/musicawardsshows/a/2011-Soul-Train-Awards.htm|work=About.com|accessdate=2019-04-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402093627/http://randb.about.com/od/musicawardsshows/a/2011-Soul-Train-Awards.htm|archivedate=2015-04-02}}</ref> |"Man Down" |Best Caribbean Performance | {{won}} |- |"Only Girl (In the World)"/"What's My Name?" |Best Dance Performance | Aliteuliwa |- |"All of the Lights" <small>(pamoja na [[Kanye West]])</small> |Best Hip-Hop Song of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |2012<ref>{{cite web|title=2012 Soul Train Awards|url=http://randb.about.com/od/musicawardsshows/a/2012-Soul-Train-Awards.htm|work=About.com|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2016-01-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121183050/http://randb.about.com/od/musicawardsshows/a/2012-Soul-Train-Awards.htm}}</ref> |"Where Have You Been" |Best Dance Performance | Aliteuliwa |- | 2015<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kennedy|first1=Gerrick D.|title=The Weeknd, Bruno Mars lead Soul Train Awards nominations|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/music/posts/la-et-ms-the-weeknd-bruno-mars-lead-soul-train-awards-nominations-20151016-story.html|website=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=17 October 2015}}</ref> | "Bitch Better Have My Money" | Song of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="7"|2016<ref>{{cite web|title=Drake leads Soul Train Awards 2016 nominations|url=http://www.rap-up.com/2016/10/12/drake-leads-soul-train-awards-2016-nominations/|website=Rap-Up.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525191235/https://www.rap-up.com/2016/10/12/drake-leads-soul-train-awards-2016-nominations/|archivedate=2020-05-25|accessdate=2019-04-05|url-status=dead}}</ref> |Rihanna |Best R&B/Soul Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="4"|"Work"<small> (pamoja na [[Drake (musician)|Drake]])</small> |Best Collaboration |Aliteuliwa |- |Best Dance Performance |Aliteuliwa |- |Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |Video of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1"|"Needed Me" |The Ashford & Simpson's Songwriting Award |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1"|''Anti'' |Album/Mixtape of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="5"|2017<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8005601/soul-train-awards-2017-nominees-solange-bruno-mars-bet|title=Soul Train Music Awards 2017 - Nominees|publisher=Billboard}}</ref> |rowspan="5"|"[[Wild Thoughts]]"<small> (with [[DJ Khaled]] & [[Bryson Tiller]])</small> |Video of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |Best Hip-Hop Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |Best Dance Performance |Aliteuliwa |- |Best Collaboration |{{won}} |- |} ===Swiss Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |2008<ref>{{cite web|title=2009 "Swiss Grammys" spotlight local musicians|url=http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/archive/Swiss_Grammys_spotlight_local_musicians.html?cid=6467566|work=Swiss Info|accessdate=February 28, 2008|archivedate=2013-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224173002/http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/archive/Swiss_Grammys_spotlight_local_musicians.html?cid=6467566}}</ref> |"Umbrella" <small>(pamoja na [[Jay-Z]])</small> |International Song | {{won}} |- |} ===Teen Choice Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |2005<ref>{{cite news|title=Teen Choice Awards |url=http://www.fox.com/tca2005/nominees.htm |work=Fox |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060108193620/http://www.fox.com/tca2005/nominees.htm |archivedate=2006-01-08 |df= }}</ref> |Pon De Replay |Choice: Summer Song | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="7"|2006<ref>{{cite news|title=List of Teen Choice Awards winners|url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2006-08-20-teen-choice-winners_x.htm|work=USA Today|accessdate=March 30, 2015}}</ref> |rowspan="5"|Rihanna |Choice Music: R&B Artist | {{won}} |- |Choice Music: Breakout Artist Female | {{won}} |- |Choice Miscellaneous: Female Hottie | Aliteuliwa |- |Choice: Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |Choice: V Cast Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |SOS |Choice: Music Single | Aliteuliwa |- |Unfaithful |Choice: Summer Song | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="6"|2007<ref>{{cite news|title=Teen Choice Awards Pirates|url=http://www.cinemablend.com/new/Teen-Choice-Awards-Pirates-6194.html|work=Cinema Blend|accessdate=March 30, 2015}}</ref> |rowspan="4"|Rihanna |Choice Music: R&B Artist | {{won}} |- |Choice Female Hottie | Aliteuliwa |- |Choice Music: Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |Choice Music: Summer Artist | Aliteuliwa |- ||"Umbrella" <small>(pamoja na [[Jay-Z]])</small> |Choice Music: Single | Aliteuliwa |- ||"Shut Up And Drive" |Choice Music: Song of the Summer | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="4"|2008<ref>{{cite news|title=2008 Teen Choice Awards winners and nominees|url=http://theenvelope.latimes.com/env-2008-teen-choice-awards-scorecard17jun17,0,2603341.htmlstory|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=June 16, 2012|date=June 17, 2012}}</ref> |rowspan="3"|Rihanna |Choice Music: R&B Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |Choice Female Hottie | Aliteuliwa |- |Choice Music: Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |- ||"Don't Stop the Music" |Choice Music: Single | Aliteuliwa |- ||2009<ref>{{cite news|title=Teen Choice Awards 2009 nominees|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/awards/2009/06/teen-choice-awards-2009-nominees.html|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=June 25, 2009|date=June 15, 2009}}</ref> ||"Live Your Life" <small>(pamoja na [[T.I.]])</small> |Choice Music: Hook Up | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="4"|2010<ref>14 June 2010. [http://hollywoodcrush.mtv.com/2010/06/14/teen-choice-awards-2010-nominees/ Teen Choice Awards 2010: First Round Of Nominees Announced] {{Wayback|url=http://hollywoodcrush.mtv.com/2010/06/14/teen-choice-awards-2010-nominees/ |date=20100616211009 }}</ref><ref>28 June 2010. [http://hollywoodcrush.mtv.com/2010/06/28/teen-choice-2010-nominees/ Teen Choice Awards 2010: Second (Giant) Wave Of Nominees Announced!] {{Wayback|url=http://hollywoodcrush.mtv.com/2010/06/28/teen-choice-2010-nominees/ |date=20120918003013 }}</ref> ||Rihanna |Choice Music: R&B Artist | Aliteuliwa |- ||''Rated R'' |Choice Album R&B | Aliteuliwa |- ||"Love the Way You Lie" <small>(pamoja na [[Eminem]])</small> |Choice Music: Rap/Hip-Hop Track | {{won}} |- |rowspan="2"|Rihanna |Choice Summer: Summer Music Star - Female | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|2011<ref>{{cite web|title=Teen Choice Awards 2011 Winners, Nominations List|url=http://www.shallownation.com/2011/08/04/teen-choice-awards-2011-winners-nominations-list/|work=Shallow Nation|accessdate=August 4, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730210719/http://www.shallownation.com/2011/08/04/teen-choice-awards-2011-winners-nominations-list/|archivedate=2017-07-30}}</ref> |Choice Music: Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |- ||"All of The Lights" <small>(w/ [[Kanye West]])</small> |Choice Music: R&B/Hip-Hop Track | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="6"|2012<ref>{{cite web|title=Teen Choice Awards 2012: First wave nominees in full|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a382471/teen-choice-awards-2012-first-wave-nominees-in-full.html|work=Digital Spy|accessdate=May 18, 2012|archivedate=2012-06-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616101128/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a382471/teen-choice-awards-2012-first-wave-nominees-in-full.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Teen Choice Awards 2012: Second wave nominations in full|url=http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a387458/teen-choice-awards-2012-second-wave-nominations-in-full.html|work=Digital Spy|accessdate=June 15, 2012|archivedate=2012-06-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616073919/http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/news/a387458/teen-choice-awards-2012-second-wave-nominations-in-full.html}}</ref> |rowspan="4"|Rihanna |Choice Music: Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |Choice Fashion: Female Hottie | Aliteuliwa |- |Choice Music: Summer Music Star: Female | Aliteuliwa |- |Choice Movie: Breakout Female {{small|(kwenye filamu ya ''Battleship'')}} | {{won}} |- |rowspan="2"|"Take Care" <small>(pamoja na [[Drake (Canadian rapper)|Drake]])</small> |Choice Music: Male Single | Aliteuliwa |- |Choice Music: R&B/Hip-Hop Track | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="5"|2013<ref>{{cite web|title=2013 Teen Choice Award Nominations: Twilight and Vampire Diaries Are Tops, Taylor Swift and Harry Styles Square Off|url=http://uk.eonline.com/news/422134/2013-teen-choice-award-nominations-twilight-and-vampire-diaries-are-tops-taylor-swift-and-harry-styles-square-off|work=E! Online|accessdate=May 22, 2013}}</ref> |rowspan="3"|Rihanna |Choice Music: Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Choice Music: Summer Music Star Female | Aliteuliwa |- |Choice Other: Twitter Personality | Aliteuliwa |- |"Stay" |Choice Music: Break-Up Song |Aliteuliwa |- |"Diamonds" |Choice Music: R&B/Hip- Hop Song |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|2014<ref>{{cite web|title=Teen Choice Awards: The Complete Winners List|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/teen-choice-awards-2014-winners-724423|work=Hollywoodreporter|accessdate=March 30, 2015}}</ref> |rowspan="3"|Rihanna | Choice Fashion: Female Hottie | Aliteuliwa |- | Choice Web: Social Media Queen | Aliteuliwa |- | Choice Web: Instagrammer | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="7"|2015<ref>{{cite web|last=Coggan|first=Devan|title=Teen Choice Award nominations pit Zayn Malik against One Direction|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/06/09/teen-choice-award-nominations-2015|work=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|publisher=[[Time Inc.]]|date=June 9, 2015|accessdate=July 12, 2015|archive-date=2015-06-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626173322/http://www.ew.com/article/2015/06/09/teen-choice-award-nominations-2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://ca.eonline.com/news/674216/teen-choice-awards-2015-nominees-wave-2-revealed|last=Johnson|first=Zach|title=Teen Choice Awards 2015 Nominees: Wave 2 Revealed!|publisher=[[E! Online]]|date=July 8, 2015|accessdate=July 12, 2015}}</ref> |rowspan="4"|Rihanna |Choice Music: Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Choice Fashion: Female Hottie |Aliteuliwa |- |Choice Music: Summer Star: Female |Aliteuliwa |- |Choice Other: Selfie Taker |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|"Bitch Better Have My Money" |Choice Music: R&B/Hip-Hop Song |Aliteuliwa |- |Choice Music: Party Song |Aliteuliwa |- |"[[FourFiveSeconds]]" |Choice Music: R&B/Hip-Hop Song |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="5"|2016<ref>{{cite web|title=Teen Choice Awards: Complete List of Nominees|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/teen-choice-awards-2016-nominees-915639/item/tca-summer-star1-915707|work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|Rihanna |Choice Music: Female Artist |Aliteuliwa |- |Choice Summer Music Star: Female |Aliteuliwa |- |"[[Work (Rihanna song)|Work]]" |Choice Music: R&B/Hip-Hop Song |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|"[[This Is What You Came For]]" |Choice Music: Party Song |Aliteuliwa |- |Choice Music: Summer Song |Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="5" | 2018 | rowspan="5" | Rihanna | Choice Music: R&B/Hip-Hop Artist | Aliteuliwa |- | Choice Music: Best Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |Choice Music: Best Fandom RihannaNavy | Aliteuliwa |- |Choice Fashion: Female Hottie | Aliteuliwa |- |Choice Fashion: Choice Style Icon | Aliteuliwa |- |} ===Telehit Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="2"|2012<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvyespectaculos.mx/2012/10/25/niminados-a-los-premios-telehit-2012/|title=Nominados de los Premios Telehit 2012|publisher=TVyEspectaculos.mx|accessdate=February 23, 2017|date=November 23, 2012|language=Spanish|archivedate=2017-09-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919101239/http://www.tvyespectaculos.mx/2012/10/25/niminados-a-los-premios-telehit-2012/}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|''We Found Love'' |Song of the Year |{{won}} |- |Video of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|2016<ref>{{cite web|title=¡Ellos son los ganadores de los Premios Telehit 2016!|url=http://www.tvynovelas.com/mx/noticias/16/11/10/ganadores-premios-telehit-2016-musica/|publisher=TVyNovelas.com|accessdate=February 23, 2017|date=November 11, 2016|language=Spanish|archivedate=2017-07-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170731191110/http://www.tvynovelas.com/mx/noticias/16/11/10/ganadores-premios-telehit-2016-musica/}}</ref> |rowspan="1"|Rihanna |Best Female Solo Artist |{{won}} |- |rowspan="1"|''Work'' (pamoja na Drake) |Song of the Year |Aliteuliwa |- |} ===The Radio Academy Award=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2008 |rowspan="2"|Rihanna |rowspan="2"|Most Played Artist on British Radio<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.radioacademy.org/about/honours/ |title=Radio Academy Honours |publisher=The Radio Academy |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901030000/http://www.radioacademy.org/about/honours/ |archivedate=2015-09-01 |df= }}</ref> |{{won}} |- ||2012 |{{won}} |} ===4Music Video Honours=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="4"|2011<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.4music.com/news/news/2097/4Music-Video-Honours-2011-The-Results|title=news: 4Music Video Honours 2011 - The Results |date=November 21, 2011|publisher=[[4Music]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.4music.com/news/news/1786/4Music-Video-Honours-2011-Best-Video-Nomineests|title=news: 4Music Video Honours 2011 - Best Video Nominees|date=October 21, 2011|publisher=[[4Music]]}}</ref> ||Rihanna |Best Girl | {{Won}} |- ||"California King Bed" |rowspan="3"|Best Video | Aliteuliwa |- ||"What's My Name?" <small>(pamoja na [[Drake (Canadian rapper)|Drake]])</small> | Aliteuliwa |- ||"Who's That Chick?" <small>(pamoja na [[David Guetta]])</small> | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="4"|2012<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.4music.com/shows/592/4Music-Video-Honours-2012-Best-Girl|title=show: 4Music Video Honours 2012 Best Girl|publisher=[[4Music]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.4music.com/shows/590/4Music-Video-Honours-2012-Best-Video-of-2012 |title=show: 4Music Video Honours 2012 Best Video of 2012 |publisher=[[4Music]] |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121030065333/http://www.4music.com/shows/590/4Music-Video-Honours-2012-Best-Video-of-2012 |archivedate=2012-10-30 |df= }}</ref> ||Rihanna |Best Girl | Aliteuliwa |- ||"Princess of China"<small>(pamoja na [[Coldplay]])</small> |rowspan="3"|Best Video | Aliteuliwa |- |- ||"Take Care"<small>(pamoja na Drake)</small> | Aliteuliwa |- ||"Where Have You Been"<small>(pamoja na [[Calvin Harris]])</small> | Aliteuliwa |- |} ===Urban Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="2"|2007<ref>{{cite web|title=NOMINATIONS FOR THE URBAN MUSIC AWARDS USA ANNOUNCED!!|url=http://urbanmusicawards.net/2011/07/l-16/|work=Urban Music Awards|date=March 18, 2007|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2014-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714125836/http://urbanmusicawards.net/2011/07/l-16/}}</ref> ||"Unfaithful" |Best Music Video | Aliteuliwa |- ||Rihanna |Best R&B Act | {{won}} |- |rowspan="4"|2009<ref>{{cite web|title=Rihanna scoops two Urban Music wins|url=http://metro.co.uk/2009/07/20/rihanna-scoops-two-urban-music-wins-283196/|work=Metro|date=July 20, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=URBAN MUSIC AWARDS USA REVEALS NOMINATIONS!!|url=http://urbanmusicawards.net/2011/07/urban-music-awards-usa-reveals-nominations/|work=Urban Music Awards|date=July 12, 2009|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2012-03-10|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/663JvxLPl?url=http://urbanmusicawards.net/2011/07/urban-music-awards-usa-reveals-nominations/}}</ref> ||"Rehab" |Best Music Video | {{won}} |- |rowspan="4"|Rihanna |Best Female Act | {{won}} |- |Best R&B Act | Aliteuliwa |- |Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |2010<ref>{{cite web|title=The Urban Music Awards 2010 annonunces UK nominees|url=http://urbanmusicawards.net/2011/07/a-15/|work=Urban Music Awards|date=July 11, 2011|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2014-07-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722152809/http://urbanmusicawards.net/2011/07/a-15/}}</ref> |Best International Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |2012 |Unapologetic |Album of the year | {{won}} |} ===UK Festival Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Year !Recipient !Award !Result |- |2016 |Rihanna (''V Festival'') |Best Headline Performance |Aliteuliwa |- |} ===UK Music Video Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="1"|2011<ref>{{cite web|title=UK Music Video Awards 2011: here are the nominations!|url=http://www.promonews.tv/2011/10/12/uk-music-video-awards-2011-here-are-the-nominations/|work=Promo News|date=October 12, 2011|accessdate=2019-04-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527095341/http://www.promonews.tv/2011/10/12/uk-music-video-awards-2011-here-are-the-nominations/|archivedate=2013-05-27}}</ref> |"Love the Way You Lie" <small>(w/ [[Eminem]])</small> |Best Urban Video – International |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1"|2012<ref>{{cite web|title=Music Genre Categories|url=http://www.ukmva.com/content/nominations/music-genre-categories|work=UKMVA|date=December 12, 2012|accessdate=2019-04-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312163132/http://ukmva.com/content/nominations/music-genre-categories|archivedate=2016-03-12}}</ref> |"We Found Love" <small>(feat. [[Calvin Harris]])</small> |Best Pop Video - International |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="2"|2015<ref>{{cite web|title=UK Video Music Awards 2015 - All the winners|url=http://www.musicweek.com/news/read/uk-music-video-awards-2015-all-the-winners-2/063333|work=UKMVA|date=November 7, 2015}}</ref> |rowspan="2"|"Bitch Better Have My Money" |Best Pop Video - International |{{won}} |- |Best Styling in a Video |{{won}} |- |rowspan="1"|2016<ref>{{cite web|title=UK Music Video Awards 2016: here are the nominations|url=http://www.promonews.tv/news/2016/09/21/uk-music-video-awards-2016-here-are-nominations|work=promonews|date=October 7, 2017|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2017-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007171101/http://www.promonews.tv/news/2016/09/21/uk-music-video-awards-2016-here-are-nominations}}</ref> |rowspan="1"|"This Is What You Came For" <small>(feat. [[Calvin Harris]])</small> |Best Dance Video – UK |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="1"|[[2018 UK Music Video Awards |2018]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ukmva.com/Pages/Detail/103-craft-and-techincal-categories|title=craft and technical - ukmva 2018|website=www.ukmva.com|access-date=2018-10-06|archive-date=2018-10-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181006234820/https://www.ukmva.com/Pages/Detail/103-craft-and-techincal-categories|url-status=dead}}</ref> |rowspan="1"|"Lemon" <small>(feat. [[N.E.R.D.]])</small> |Best Choreography in a Video |Aliteuliwa |- |} ===VH1 Soul VIBE Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- ||2007<ref>{{cite web|title=2007 VH1 Soul VIBE Award Nominees and Winners|url=http://randb.about.com/od/musicawardsshows/a/2007VibeAwards.htm|work=About.com|date=November 7, 2007|accessdate=2019-04-05|archivedate=2013-05-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509104156/http://randb.about.com/od/musicawardsshows/a/2007VibeAwards.htm}}</ref> ||"Umbrella" <small>(feat. [[Jay-Z]])</small> |Video of the Year | {{won}} |} ===WDM Radio Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo !Marejeo |- |rowspan="2"|2017 |rowspan="2"| "[[This Is What You Came For]]" ft. [[Calvin Harris]] |Best Global Track |{{won}} |<ref>{{cite web|title=Nominados a los WDM Radio Awards|url=http://los40.com.mx/especiales/wdm-Radio-Awards/nominados-wdm.html?int=news-wdm-40mexico|website=LOS40|accessdate=21 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170307162620/http://los40.com.mx/especiales/wdm-Radio-Awards/nominados-wdm.html?int=news-wdm-40mexico|archivedate=2017-03-07}}</ref> |- |} ===Webby Award=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo !Marejeo |- |rowspan="2"|2016 |rowspan="2"|ANTIdiaRy |Mobile Campaign |{{won}} |<ref>{{cite web|title=2016 Webby Awards Winners for Mobile Campaigns|url=http://webbyawards.com/winners/2016/advertising-media/campaigns/mobile-campaigns/|accessdate=4 November 2016|archive-date=2016-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104141934/http://webbyawards.com/winners/2016/advertising-media/campaigns/mobile-campaigns/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |Best Use of Video or Moving Image |{{won}} |<ref>{{cite web|title=2016 Webby Awards Winners for Best Use of Video or Moving Image|url=http://webbyawards.com/winners/2016/advertising-media/features/best-use-of-video-or-moving-image/|accessdate=4 November 2016|archive-date=2016-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104142014/http://webbyawards.com/winners/2016/advertising-media/features/best-use-of-video-or-moving-image/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |} ===World Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- |rowspan="2"|2006 |rowspan="14"|Rihanna |World's Best-Selling Barbadian Artist | {{won}} |- |World's Best Selling R&B Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="3"|2007 |World's Best Entertainer of the Year | {{won}} |- |World's Best-Selling Pop Female Artist | {{won}} |- |World's Best-Selling R&B Female Artist | {{won}} |- |rowspan="2" |2008 |World's Best-Selling R&B Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |World's Best-Selling Barbadian Artist | {{won}} |- |rowspan="2" |2010 |World's Best Pop/Rock Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |World's Best song |Aliteuliwa |- |rowspan="5"|2014 |World's Best Female Artist | Aliteuliwa |- |World's Best Live Act | Aliteuliwa |- |World's Best Entertainer of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |World's song of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- |World's best video | Aliteuliwa |- |} ===YouTube Music Awards=== {| class="wikitable" |- !Mwaka !Aliyetuzwa !Tuzo !Matokeo |- | rowspan="2" | 2013<ref>{{cite web|last=Michalski|first=Jennifer|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/youtubes-music-awards-nominations-complete-list-2013-10|title=Here Are The Nominations For YouTube's First Music Awards|publisher=''Business Insider''|date=October 22, 2013|accessdate=November 3, 2013}}</ref> | Rihanna | Artist of the Year | Aliteuliwa |- | "Diamonds" | YouTube Phenomenon | Aliteuliwa |- | rowspan="1" | 2015<ref>{{cite web|last=McIntyre|first=Hugh|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2015/03/03/here-are-the-winners-of-the-2015-youtube-music-awards/|title=Here Are The Winners Of The 2015 YouTube Music Awards|publisher=''Forbes''|date=March 3, 2015|accessdate=March 30, 2015}}</ref> | Rihanna | 50 artists to watch | {{won}} |} == Tanbihi == {{cnote|a|Barbados born producer Jimmy Senya Haynes produced and arranged ''[[Babylon the Bandit]]'' for the band [[Steel Pulse]], but he was never credited as a member of the band.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationnews.com/story/291001479699304.php|title=The Nation Newspaper Jimmy was first|publisher=[[The Daily Nation (Barbados)|The Daily Nation]]|date=2008-02-14|accessdate=2008-11-02|archivedate=2008-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201231218/http://www.nationnews.com/story/291001479699304.php}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/Winners/Results.aspx?title=&winner=&year=1986&genreID=0&hp=1|title=The Nation Newspaper Jimmy was first|publisher=[[The Daily Nation (Barbados)|The Daily Nation]]|date=2008-02-14|accessdate=2008-11-02|archivedate=2009-01-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111122113/http://www.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/Winners/Results.aspx?title=&winner=&year=1986&genreID=0&hp=1}}</ref>}} == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} == Viungo vya Nje == {{Commons category|Rihanna}} {{Wikiquote}} <!-- OPTIONAL --> * {{Official|http://www.rihannanow.com/}} * {{MySpace|rihanna}} * [http://www.believerihanna.com Rihanna's Believe Foundation] * {{IMDb name|id=1982597|name=Rihanna}} {{Rihanna}} {{BD|1988}} [[Jamii:Rihanna| ]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Barbados]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa rhythm na blues]] 3slo92swhywcyl4s0zagcj9xuga7vap 0 37975 1606276 1121061 2026-10-08T14:17:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606276 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Worcester_from_Fort_Royal_Hill.jpg|thumb|280px|Mji wa Worcester.]] '''Worcester''' ni [[jina]] la [[Mji|miji]] kadhaa: * [[Worcester, Uingereza]] * [[Worcester, Massachusetts]], [[Marekani]] * [[Worcester, Rasi ya Magharibi]], [[Afrika Kusini]] {{maana}} 3t1oo6fftvy5zde5j5o9mr3ev5s8u19 1606277 1606276 2026-10-08T14:17:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606277 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha: Worcester_from_Fort_Royal_Hill.jpg|thumb|280px|[[Kanisa kuu]] la Worcester, Uingereza.]] '''Worcester''' ni [[jina]] la [[Mji|miji]] kadhaa: * [[Worcester, Uingereza]] * [[Worcester, Massachusetts]], [[Marekani]] * [[Worcester, Rasi ya Magharibi]], [[Afrika Kusini]] {{maana}} b2po3fc17kzdd3in47cgb9ybsaoe3io 0 57316 1606228 1512254 2026-10-08T12:58:35Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606228 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Rubens Felice da Cantalice.JPG|thumb|200px|Felix wa Cantalice katika kazi yake ya [[ombaomba]] alivyochorwa na [[Pieter Paul Rubens]].]] '''Felix wa Cantalice''' ndilo [[jina la kitawa]] la '''Felice Porri''' ([[Cantalice]], [[Rieti]], [[Italia]], [[1515]] hivi - [[Roma]] [[18 Mei]] [[1587]]) aliyekuwa [[bruda]] wa [[urekebisho]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]] [[Wakapuchini]], mwenye [[unyofu]] na [[Ugumu wa maisha|ugumu wa maisha]] wa ajabu, ambaye kwa miaka 40 alifanya [[kazi]] ya [[ombaomba]]<ref name=fsi>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://cssfinternational.wordpress.com/2013/05/17/who-is-st-felix-of-cantalice/ |title="Who is St. Felix of Cantalice?" Felician sisters International, May 17 2013 |accessdate=2023-03-09 |archivedate=2014-11-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109214506/http://cssfinternational.wordpress.com/2013/05/17/who-is-st-felix-of-cantalice/ }}</ref> kwa ajili ya [[Mtawa|watawa]] wenzake na kwa ajili ya [[Umaskini|fukara]], akieneza kwa [[furaha]] [[upendo]] na [[amani]] [[mji|mjini]] Roma <ref name=sisters>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://feliciansistersna.org/who-we-are/historic-community/st-felix-of-cantalice |title="Saint Felix of Cantalice", Felician Sisters of North America |accessdate=2023-03-09 |archivedate=2019-02-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223211726/http://feliciansistersna.org/who-we-are/historic-community/st-felix-of-cantalice }}</ref> lakini pia akionya [[Siasa|wanasiasa]] na [[Ofisa|maafisa]] waovu na vilevile [[vijana]] [[wahuni]] <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/53750</ref>. Alitangazwa [[mwenye heri]] [[tarehe]] [[1 Oktoba]] [[1625]] na [[mtakatifu]] tarehe [[22 Mei]] [[1712]], wa kwanza wa [[shirika]] hilo kutangazwa hivyo. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa tarehe [[18 Mei]]<ref>''[[Martyrologium Romanum]]: ex Decreto Sacrosancti oecumenici Concilii Vaticani II instauratum auctoritate Ioannis Pauli P.P. II promulgatum'', Romae 2001, ISBN 8820972107</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Sala ya Kanisa ya Ki-fransisko - Benedictine Publications Ndanda - Peramiho, 1996, uk. 103-120 * John Kabeya na wengine - Maisha ya Watakatifu – ed. T.M.P. Book Department – Tabora 1965, 1989, uk. 170-171 * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 451-455 ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} * [http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintf54.htm|title= Felix of Cantalice in [[Catholic Forum]]] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1515]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1587]] [[Category:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] pg2isd0kvjbl6pe3zm18bkuheytbylj 1606231 1606228 2026-10-08T13:03:13Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606231 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Rubens Felice da Cantalice.JPG|thumb|200px|Felix wa Cantalice katika kazi yake ya [[ombaomba]] alivyochorwa na [[Pieter Paul Rubens]].]] '''Felix wa Cantalice''' ndilo [[jina la kitawa]] la '''Felice Porri''' ([[Cantalice]], [[Rieti]], [[Italia]], [[1515]] hivi - [[Roma]] [[18 Mei]] [[1587]]) aliyekuwa [[bruda]] wa [[urekebisho]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]] [[Wakapuchini]], mwenye [[unyofu]] na [[Ugumu wa maisha|ugumu wa maisha]] wa ajabu. Kwa miaka 40 [[mji|mjini]] Roma <ref name=sisters>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://feliciansistersna.org/who-we-are/historic-community/st-felix-of-cantalice |title="Saint Felix of Cantalice", Felician Sisters of North America |accessdate=2023-03-09 |archivedate=2019-02-23 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223211726/http://feliciansistersna.org/who-we-are/historic-community/st-felix-of-cantalice }}</ref> alifanya [[kazi]] ya [[ombaomba]]<ref name=fsi>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://cssfinternational.wordpress.com/2013/05/17/who-is-st-felix-of-cantalice/ |title="Who is St. Felix of Cantalice?" Felician sisters International, May 17 2013 |accessdate=2023-03-09 |archivedate=2014-11-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109214506/http://cssfinternational.wordpress.com/2013/05/17/who-is-st-felix-of-cantalice/ }}</ref> kwa ajili ya [[Mtawa|watawa]] wenzake na kwa ajili ya [[Umaskini|fukara]], akieneza kwa [[furaha]] [[upendo]] na [[amani]], lakini pia akionya [[Siasa|wanasiasa]] na [[Ofisa|maafisa]] waovu na vilevile [[vijana]] [[wahuni]] <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/53750</ref>. Alitangazwa [[mwenye heri]] na [[Papa Urban VIII|Papa Urbano VIII]] [[tarehe]] [[1 Oktoba]] [[1625]] na [[mtakatifu]] na [[Papa Klementi XI]] tarehe [[22 Mei]] [[1712]], wa kwanza wa [[shirika]] hilo kutangazwa hivyo. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa tarehe [[18 Mei]]<ref>''[[Martyrologium Romanum]]: ex Decreto Sacrosancti oecumenici Concilii Vaticani II instauratum auctoritate Ioannis Pauli P.P. II promulgatum'', Romae 2001, ISBN 8820972107</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Sala ya Kanisa ya Ki-fransisko - Benedictine Publications Ndanda - Peramiho, 1996, uk. 103-120 * John Kabeya na wengine - Maisha ya Watakatifu – ed. T.M.P. Book Department – Tabora 1965, 1989, uk. 170-171 * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 451-455 ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons category}} * [http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintf54.htm|title= Felix of Cantalice in [[Catholic Forum]]] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1515]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1587]] [[Category:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] 0xjyu8j9ubqo14cwtvr7k70x8exbwx7 0 57599 1606241 1534107 2026-10-08T13:14:52Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606241 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:LienzoS Pascual.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Picha]] ya Paskali Baylón, inayotunzwa katika [[parokia]] ya Torrehermosa.]] '''Paskali Baylon Yubero''' ([[Torrehermosa]], [[Zaragoza]], [[16 Mei]] [[1540]] - [[Villarreal]], [[Castellón]], [[17 Mei]] [[1592]]) alikuwa [[bruda]] wa [[utawa]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]] [[Pekupeku]] aliyetimiza kwa [[unyenyekevu]] wa ajabu [[kazi]] zake kama mlindamlango na ombaomba. Akiwa daima mwema na [[ukarimu|mkarimu]] kwa wote, aliabudu daima kwa [[upendo]] mkubwa [[fumbo]] la [[Ekaristi]] takatifu. Ndiyo sababu amefanywa [[msimamizi]] wa [[ibada]] zote zinazoelekea [[sakramenti]] hiyo<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/53550</ref>. Alitangazwa na [[Papa Paulo V]] kuwa [[mwenye heri]] [[tarehe]] [[19 Oktoba]] [[1618]], halafu na [[Papa Alexander VIII]] kuwa [[mtakatifu]] tarehe [[16 Oktoba]] [[1690]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa tarehe ya [[kifo]] chake<ref>''[[Martyrologium Romanum]]: ex Decreto Sacrosancti oecumenici Concilii Vaticani II instauratum auctoritate Ioannis Pauli P.P. II promulgatum'', Romae 2001, ISBN 8820972107</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{marejeo}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Sala ya Kanisa ya Ki-fransisko - Benedictine Publications Ndanda - Peramiho, 1996, uk. 96-102 * John Kabeya na wengine - Maisha ya Watakatifu – ed. T.M.P. Book Department – Tabora 1965, 1989, uk. 168-169 * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 449-451 ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category|Paschal Baylon}} *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11512a.htm makala ya Catholic Encyclopedia] {{en}} *[http://www.franciscanos.org/santoral/pascualbailon.htm Maisha yake] {{es}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Baylon, Paskali}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1540]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1592]] [[Category:Wafransisko]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Hispania]] egu442f2h8y5y084avlnm2ro0uwtxyv 0 60105 1606501 1451717 2026-10-09T11:06:53Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Tazama pia */ 1606501 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Camporosso-statua san francesco maria.JPG|thumb|250px|[[Sanamu]] ya Mt. Fransisko Maria karibu na Camporosso.]] '''Fransisko Maria wa Camporosso, [[O.F.M.Cap.]]''' ([[Camporosso]] [[1804]] - [[Genova]] [[1866]]) alikuwa [[mtawa]] [[ombaomba]] wa [[shirika]] la [[Ndugu Wadogo]] [[Wakapuchini]] kutoka [[mkoa]] wa [[Liguria]] nchini [[Italia]]. Alipata umaarufu mjini [[Genova]] kwa [[upendo]] wake katika kuombaomba [[Mtaa|mitaani]] kwa ajili ya shirika lake na ya [[Umaskini|fukara]] aliowatembelea na kuwaombea. Hatimaye alijitoa [[mhanga]] ili [[kipindupindu]] mjini kikome kwa kumpata mwenyewe ikawa hivyo <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/34700</ref>. Alitangazwa na [[Papa Pius XI]] kuwa [[mwenye heri]] [[tarehe]] [[30 Juni]] [[1929]], halafu [[Papa Yohane XXIII]] akamtangaza [[mtakatifu]] tarehe [[9 Desemba]] [[1962]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake inaadhimishwa tarehe [[17 Septemba]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Sala ya Kanisa ya Ki-fransisko - Benedictine Publications Ndanda - Peramiho, 1996, uk. 338-341 * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 525-528 == Viungo vya nje == * [http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1866.htm Hagiography Circle] * [http://www.fraticappuccini.it/personaggi/santi/francesco.shtml Habari kwa Kiitalia] {{Wayback|url=http://www.fraticappuccini.it/personaggi/santi/francesco.shtml |date=20080921193913 }} * [http://www.db.ofmcap.org/ofmcap/s2magazine/index1.jsp?idPagina=1234 Tovuti ya kimataifa ya Ndugu Wakapuchini] {{Wayback|url=http://www.db.ofmcap.org/ofmcap/s2magazine/index1.jsp?idPagina=1234 |date=20130402042115 }} * [http://www.ofm.org/ ORDO FRATRUM MINORUM &mdash; OFM &mdash; Tovuti ya Wafransiskani OFM] * [http://www.franciscansinternational.org Franciscans International] * [http://www.capuchin.com Ndugu Wafransisko Wakapuchini wa Marekani] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fransisko Maria wa Camporosso}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1804]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1866]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] 3z6odtvsfxb9n6l488xwjv412ddg9tw 0 65476 1606526 1450848 2026-10-09T11:52:58Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Tazama pia */ 1606526 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Calvi J. A. Estasi di santa Margherita.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Mt. Margerita akiwa nje ya nafsi yake.]] '''Margerita wa Cortona''' ([[Castiglione del Lago|Laviano]] [[1247]] – [[Cortona]] [[22 Februari]] [[1297]]) alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa [[Italia]] aliyefanya [[toba]] katika [[Utawa wa Tatu wa Mt. Fransisko]] baada ya kuishi na [[mwanamume]] bila [[ndoa]] kwa muda wa miaka kumi. Kwa kushtushwa sana na [[kifo]] cha ghafla cha huyo hawara wake, alifidia kwa [[malipizi]] makali [[dhambi]] za [[ujana|ujanani]] akazama katika mambo ya [[mbinguni]] kwa kujazwa na [[Mungu]] [[karama]] za pekee sana <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/31450</ref>. [[Papa Benedikto XIII]] alimtangaza [[mtakatifu]] [[tarehe]] [[16 Mei]] [[1728]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake ni tarehe ya kifo chake<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref> au 16 Mei. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Sala ya Kanisa ya Ki-fransisko - Benedictine Publications Ndanda - Peramiho, 1996, uk 90-96 * John Kabeya na wengine - Maisha ya Watakatifu – ed. T.M.P. Book Department – Tabora 1965, 1989, uk. 63-64 * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 447-449 ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category|Margaret of Cortona}} *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09653b.htm Catholic encyclopedia: ''St. Margaret of Cortona''] *[http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/STMAGT.htm Eternal Word Television Network, excerpt from "Saints for Sinners"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/STMAGT.htm |date=20120301174404 }} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Margerita wa Cortona}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1247]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1297]] [[Category:Wafransisko]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]] f5mrmxdwxzlzrespz116y4csna6j327 1606528 1606526 2026-10-09T11:55:37Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606528 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Calvi J. A. Estasi di santa Margherita.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Mt. Margerita akiwa nje ya nafsi yake.]] '''Margerita wa Cortona''' ([[Castiglione del Lago|Laviano]] [[1247]] – [[Cortona]] [[22 Februari]] [[1297]]) alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa [[Italia]] aliyefanya [[toba]] kamili katika [[Utawa wa Tatu wa Mt. Fransisko]] baada ya kuishi na [[mwanamume]] bila [[ndoa]] kwa muda wa miaka kumi. Kwa kushtushwa sana na [[kifo]] cha ghafla cha huyo hawara wake, alifidia kwa [[malipizi]] makali [[dhambi]] za [[ujana|ujanani]] akazama katika mambo ya [[mbinguni]] kwa kujazwa na [[Mungu]] [[karama]] za pekee sana <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/31450</ref>. [[Papa Benedikto XIII]] alimtangaza [[mtakatifu]] [[tarehe]] [[16 Mei]] [[1728]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake ni tarehe ya kifo chake<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref> au 16 Mei. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Sala ya Kanisa ya Ki-fransisko - Benedictine Publications Ndanda - Peramiho, 1996, uk 90-96 * John Kabeya na wengine - Maisha ya Watakatifu – ed. T.M.P. Book Department – Tabora 1965, 1989, uk. 63-64 * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 447-449 ==Viungo vya nje== {{Commons category|Margaret of Cortona}} *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09653b.htm Catholic encyclopedia: ''St. Margaret of Cortona''] *[http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/STMAGT.htm Eternal Word Television Network, excerpt from "Saints for Sinners"] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/STMAGT.htm |date=20120301174404 }} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Margerita wa Cortona}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1247]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1297]] [[Category:Wafransisko]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]] 6xcgf9vm6w8vkyi3fjxxr9azummgoom 0 66062 1606510 1451740 2026-10-09T11:11:48Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Tazama pia */ 1606510 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Sanfrancescofasani.jpg|thumb|right|150px|]] '''Fransisko Antoni Fasani''' ([[Lucera]], [[6 Agosti]] [[1681]] - Lucera, [[29 Novemba]] [[1742]]) alikuwa [[padri]] wa [[utawa]] wa [[Ndugu Wadogo]] [[Wakonventuali]] kutoka [[Italia Kusini]]. Msomi mkubwa, alipenda sana kuhubiri na kufanya [[toba]], pamoja na kuhurumia [[fukara]] na wenye shida yoyote kwa kutoa daima bila kusita hata [[mavazi]] yake kuvika ombaomba na kuwapa wote msaada wake wa [[Ukristo|Kikristo]] <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/79825</ref>. Alitangazwa na [[Papa Pius XII]] kuwa [[mwenye heri]] [[tarehe]] [[15 Aprili]] [[1951]], halafu tarehe [[13 Aprili]] [[1986]] [[Papa Yohane Paulo II]] alimtangaza kuwa [[mtakatifu]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa tarehe ya [[kifo]] chake<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Sala ya Kanisa ya Ki-fransisko - Benedictine Publications Ndanda - Peramiho, 1996, uk. 452-455 * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 566-567 ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://saints.sqpn.com/saintf26.htm Saint Francesco Antonio Fasani] {{Wayback|url=http://saints.sqpn.com/saintf26.htm |date=20090622083119 }} Patron Saint Index {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Fasani, Fransisko Antoni}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1681]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1742]] [[Category:Wafransisko]] [[Category:Mapadri]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]] diifdc68kj5an8bhlctp4c3vww1v5ow 0 66115 1606258 1535300 2026-10-08T13:36:01Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606258 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:San_Francisco_Solano_(1549_-1610).jpg|thumb|right|250px|Mt. Fransisko Solano na mwananchi wa [[Tucuman]] walivyochorwa na mtu asiyejulikana mwaka [[1588]] hivi. Miguuni pake [[ala]] ya [[muziki]] aliyoitumia kwa kawaida katika [[uinjilishaji]].]] [[File:San Francisco Solano y el toro por Murillo (1645).jpg|thumb|200px|right|Mt. Fransisko Solano na [[fahali]] kadiri ya [[Bartolomé Esteban Murillo|Murillo]].]] '''Fransisko Solano''', [[O.F.M.]] ([[jina]] la [[Kihispania]] kwa kirefu lilikuwa: '''Francisco Sánchez-Solano Jiménez'''; [[Montilla]], [[Córdoba, Andalusia]], [[Hispania]], [[10 Machi]] [[1549]] - [[Lima]], [[Peru]], [[14 Julai]] [[1610]]) alikuwa [[mtawa]] wa [[urekebisho]] wa [[Wareformati]] wa [[shirika]] la [[Ndugu Wadogo]] na [[padri]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] kutoka [[Hispania]] na [[mmisionari]] katika nchi mbalimbali za [[Amerika Kusini]]. Alifanya kazi ya kuhubiri na kueneza [[imani]] ya [[Kikristo]] katika maeneo mbalimbali, akijulikana kwa ufanisi wake wa kiroho na huruma kwa wahitaji.<ref name="Donovan">{{cite CE1913|wstitle=St. Francis Solanus|volume=6|last=Donovan|first=Stephen|short=1}}</ref> Ili kuokoa watu alifanya [[umisionari]], akihubiri na kutoa ushuhuda wa upya wa [[maisha]] ya [[Ukristo|Kikristo]] kwa [[Waindio]] na kwa [[Ukoloni|wakoloni]] sawia <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/62600</ref>. [[Papa Klementi X]] alimtangaza [[mwenye heri]] [[tarehe]] [[20 Juni]] [[1675]], halafu [[Papa Benedikto XIII]] alimtangaza [[mtakatifu]] tarehe [[27 Desemba]] [[1726]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa tarehe 14 Julai<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Sala yake== Yesu mwema, mkombozi na rafiki yangu! Nina kitu gani usichonipa wewe? Najua nini usiyonifundisha wewe? Nina thamani gani usipokuwa nami?... Ndiwe uliyeniumba, tena bila ya kuniuliza. Wewe umeniumba. Elekeza macho yako kwangu, Bwana, na unihurumie, kwa kuwa mimi ni mkiwa na maskini... Kwa nini, Bwana Yesu wangu, wewe umesulubiwa, nami nasaidiwa na watumishi wako? Kwa nini wewe uchi, nami nina vazi? Kwa nini wewe umepigwa makofi na kutiwa taji la miba, nami nimepewa vitu vyema na kufarijiwa na fadhili nyingi?... Mungu wa roho yangu, utukuzwe kwa yale uliyonijalia! Bwana wangu, nafurahi kwamba u Mungu; jinsi hilo lilivyo zuri! ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Sala ya Kanisa ya Ki-fransisko - Benedictine Publications Ndanda - Peramiho, 1996, uk. 190-194 * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 491-493 ==Viungo vya nje== * [http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintf32.htm Francis Solano] {{Wayback|url=http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/saintf32.htm |date=20120604031419 }} at [http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/indexsnt.htm Patron saints Index] {{Wayback|url=http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/indexsnt.htm |date=20130829080639 }} * [http://www.stthomasirondequoit.com/SaintsAlive/id296.htm St. Francis Solano] {{Wayback|url=http://www.stthomasirondequoit.com/SaintsAlive/id296.htm |date=20070815162017 }} at "Saints Alive" * {{es icon}} [http://www.arzobispadodelima.org/santos/sfsolano/index.html San Francisco Solano] {{Wayback|url=http://www.arzobispadodelima.org/santos/sfsolano/index.html |date=20120617180723 }} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Solano, Francis}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1549]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1610]] [[Category:Wafransisko]] [[Category:Mapadri]] [[Category:Wamisionari]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Hispania]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Peru]] nwf6khkxbd9t3n6350serj4o4p81its 0 66217 1606505 1425445 2026-10-09T11:10:29Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Tazama pia */ 1606505 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sant'Igazio da Laconi.jpg|thumb|right|Sanamu yake iliyosimamishwa katikati ya Laconi.]] [[File:Santi Ambrogio e Ignazio, chiesa a Laconi, Italia.jpg|thumb|[[Kanisa]] la Laconi alipopokea [[sakramenti]] za kuingizwa katika [[Ukristo]].]] '''Ignas wa Laconi, [[O.F.M. Cap.]]''' ni [[jina la kitawa]] la '''Vincenzo Peis''' ([[1701]] - [[11 Mei]] [[1781]]) alikuwa [[bruda]] [[ombaomba]] wa [[shirika]] la [[Ndugu Wadogo]] [[Wakapuchini]] kutoka [[kijiji]] cha [[Laconi]], [[Mikoa ya Italia|mkoani]] [[Sardinia]], (leo nchini [[Italia]]). Katika [[Mtaa|mitaa]] ya [[Cagliari]] na hata katika [[kilabu|vilabu]] vya [[bandari|bandarini]] aliomba asichoke misaada kwa ajili ya watu [[Umaskini|fukara]] <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/32500</ref>. Alitangazwa na [[Papa Pius XII]] kuwa [[mwenye heri]] [[mwaka]] [[1940]], halafu [[mtakatifu]] mwaka [[1951]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] ya [[kifo]] chake<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 442-444 {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ignas wa Laconi}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1701]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1781]] [[Category:Wafransisko]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]] 4zo3mlqq3xj2meitg5hx765ddmxn773 0 69023 1606253 1451727 2026-10-08T13:27:40Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606253 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:San Serafino de Montegranaro.jpg|thumb|Mt. Serafino.]] '''Serafino wa Montegranaro''' ([[Montegranaro]], [[1540]] – [[Ascoli Piceno]], [[12 Oktoba]] [[1604]]), alikuwa [[bradha]] wa [[shirika]] la [[Ndugu Wadogo]] [[Wakapuchini]] kutoka [[Italia ya Kati]]. Hakuwa na vipawa vingi kiutu, jambo lililofanya adharauliwe na kuhamishwa mfululizo. [[Umaskini|Fukara]] kweli, aling'aa kwa [[unyenyekevu]] na [[moyo]] wa [[ibada]]<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/74050</ref>. [[Mtawa]] huyo mwenye [[karama]] za ajabu, anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] kama [[mtakatifu]] tangu alipotangazwa na [[Papa Klementi XIII]] [[tarehe]] [[16 Julai]] [[1767]]. Kabla ya hapo alitangazwa [[mwenye heri]] na [[Papa Benedkto XIII]] tarehe [[18 Julai]] [[1729]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake inaadhimishwa kila [[mwaka]] tarehe 12 Oktoba<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Sala ya Kanisa ya Ki-fransisko - Benedictine Publications Ndanda - Peramiho, 1996, uk. 382-385 * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 544-546 {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1540]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1604]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] i9areil06l3ovvu5ntruk3g91eble09 1606254 1606253 2026-10-08T13:28:11Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606254 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:San Serafino de Montegranaro.jpg|thumb|Mt. Serafino.]] '''Serafino wa Montegranaro''' ([[Montegranaro]], [[1540]] – [[Ascoli Piceno]], [[12 Oktoba]] [[1604]]), alikuwa [[bradha]] wa [[shirika]] la [[Ndugu Wadogo]] [[Wakapuchini]] kutoka [[Italia ya Kati]]. Hakuwa na vipawa vingi kiutu, jambo lililofanya adharauliwe na kuhamishwa mfululizo. [[Umaskini|Fukara]] kweli, aling'aa kwa [[unyenyekevu]] na [[moyo]] wa [[ibada]]<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/74050</ref>. [[Mtawa]] huyo mwenye [[karama]] za ajabu, anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] kama [[mtakatifu]] tangu alipotangazwa na [[Papa Klementi XIII]] [[tarehe]] [[16 Julai]] [[1767]]. Kabla ya hapo alitangazwa [[mwenye heri]] na [[Papa Benedikto XIII]] tarehe [[18 Julai]] [[1729]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake inaadhimishwa kila [[mwaka]] tarehe 12 Oktoba<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Sala ya Kanisa ya Ki-fransisko - Benedictine Publications Ndanda - Peramiho, 1996, uk. 382-385 * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 544-546 {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1540]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1604]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] nkmzwmq403wvyncwll35gnq5uzds435 0 69024 1606271 1425362 2026-10-08T14:06:49Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Tazama pia */ 1606271 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Umile_bisignano.jpg|thumb|Mt. Umile alivyochorwa.]] '''Umile wa Bisignano''' ([[jina]] la awali: '''Luca Antonio Pirozzo'''; [[Bisignano]], [[Cosenza]], [[Italia Kusini]], [[26 Agosti]] [[1582]] - Bisignano, [[26 Novemba]] [[1637]]) alikuwa [[bradha]] [[unyenyekevu|mnyenyekevu]] ajabu wa [[shirika]] la [[Ndugu Wadogo]] [[Wareformati]], maarufu kwa [[karama]] ya [[unabii]] na [[kutoka nje ya nafsi]] mara nyingi <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90425</ref>. Anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] kama [[mtakatifu]]. Alitangazwa kwanza [[mwenye heri]] na [[Papa Leo XIII]] [[tarehe]] [[29 Januari]] [[1882]], halafu mtakatifu na [[Papa Yohane Paulo II]] tarehe [[19 Mei]] [[2002]].<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/homilies/2002/documents/hf_jp-ii_hom_20020519_canonization_en.html Homilia ya Papa Yohane Paulo II]</ref> [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa tarehe ya [[kifo]] chake<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * John Kabeya na wengine - Maisha ya Watakatifu – ed. T.M.P. Book Department – Tabora 1965, 1989, uk. 423-424 * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 569-570 ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://saints.sqpn.com/sainth6r.htm Blessed Humilis of Bisignano] {{Wayback|url=http://saints.sqpn.com/sainth6r.htm |date=20100419044201 }} at Patron Saints Index *[http://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/2002/documents/ns_lit_doc_20020519_umile_en.html UMILE DA BISIGNANO (1582 – 1637)] – a biography on the Vatican website * {{it icon}} [http://www.santumile.it/ Tovuti juu ya Mt. Umile] {{Wayback|url=http://www.santumile.it/ |date=20071217123416 }} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1582]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1637]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] e444u0ls2v9i137avfgzlf0bo562hml 0 69121 1606280 1423387 2026-10-08T14:35:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606280 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:JohnJosephoftheCross.jpg|thumb|175px|Sura ya Mt. Yohane Yosefu.]] '''Yohane Yosefu wa [[Msalaba]]''' ([[Ischia]], [[15 Agosti]] [[1654]] - [[Napoli]], [[5 Machi]] [[1734]]) alikuwa [[padri]] wa shirika la [[Ndugu Wadogo]] [[Pekupeku]] kutoka [[Italia]] aliyependa sana [[ufukara]] hata akavaa [[kanzu]] ileile miaka 64 mfululizo akaitwa "padri virakamia". Akifuata [[Unyayo|nyayo]] za [[Petro wa Alkantara|Petro wa Alcantara]], alirekebisha [[konventi]] nyingi za [[Wafransisko]] wa [[mkoa]] wake. Inasemekana alijaliwa [[karama]] nyingi, kama vile [[kuelea hewani]], kukaa mahali pawili kwa wakati mmoja, [[unabii]], kusoma [[Moyo|mioyo]], [[njozi]], na [[Muujiza|miujiza]] mingi, ukiwemo [[Kiyama|ufufuo]]. Anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] kama [[mtakatifu]]. Kwanza alitangazwa [[mwenye heri]] [[mwaka]] [[1789]], halafu [[mtakatifu]] mwaka [[1839]] na [[Papa Gregori XVI]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] ya [[kifo]] chake<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * John Kabeya na wengine - Maisha ya Watakatifu – ed. T.M.P. Book Department – Tabora 1965, 1989, uk. 81-82 * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 66-67 ==Viungo vya nje== *{{it icon}} [http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90659 ''San Giovan Giuseppe della Croce''] * [http://www.roman-catholic-saints.com/john-joseph-of-the-cross.html ''The Franciscan Book of Saints'', ed. by Marion Habig, OFM] * [http://acatholicview.blogspot.com/2012/03/st-john-joseph-of-cross.html ''Lives of the Saints for Every Day of the Year'', edited by Rev. Hugo Hoever, S.O. Cist., Ph.D.] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20130807023208/http://acatholicview.blogspot.com/2012/03/st-john-joseph-of-cross.html |date=2013-08-07 }} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1654]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1734]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Mapadri]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] 2ucefcqiuj2hklxc4i1m5u0zo4orjxi 0 69123 1606215 1532545 2026-10-08T12:35:24Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606215 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:SalvardorOrtaZina.JPG|thumb|right|250px|''Kifo cha Salvador wa Horta'', [[San Miguel Zinacantepec]], [[Mexico]].]] '''Salvatore wa [[Horta]]''' ni [[jina la kitawa]] la '''Salvador Pladevall i Bien''' ([[Santa Coloma de Farners]], [[Girona]], [[Hispania]], [[Desemba]] [[1520]] - [[Cagliari]], [[Italia]], [[1567]]), [[bradha]] wa [[shirika]] la [[Ndugu Wadogo]] [[Wareformati]] anayejulikana kwa kufanya [[miujiza]] mingi ajabu (inasemekana [[milioni]] moja) kisha kujitoa kwa [[Masiya|Kristo]] kama chombo [[unyenyekevu|kinyenyekevu]] kwa usalama wa [[roho]] na [[Mwili|miili]] ya wengi <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90312</ref>. Alitangazwa [[mwenye heri]] na [[Papa Paulo V]] [[tarehe]] [[5 Februari]] [[1606]] halafu [[mtakatifu]] na [[Papa Pius XI]] tarehe [[17 Aprili]] [[1938]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[18 Machi]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1520]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1567]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Hispania]] hrrej41wtlm5k4ktdiof6gmoryjsf95 1606221 1606215 2026-10-08T12:45:30Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606221 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:SalvardorOrtaZina.JPG|thumb|right|250px|''Kifo cha Salvador wa Horta'', [[San Miguel Zinacantepec]], [[Mexico]].]] '''Salvatore wa [[Horta]]''' ni [[jina la kitawa]] la '''Salvador Pladevall i Bien''' ([[Santa Coloma de Farners]], [[Girona]], [[Hispania]], [[Desemba]] [[1520]] - [[Cagliari]], [[Italia]], [[1567]]), [[bradha]] wa [[shirika]] la [[Ndugu Wadogo]] [[Wareformati]] aliyefanya kazi jumuiani kama mpishi, mlindamlango na ombaomba. Kisha kujitoa kwa [[Masiya|Kristo]] kama chombo kwa usalama wa roho na miili ya wengi, alijulikana kwa kufanya [[Muujiza|miujiza]] mingi ajabu (inasemekana [[milioni]] moja) iliyovuta [[umati]] kukusanyika ili kupata [[baraka]] yake. Hata hivyo [[karama]] zake zilimsababishia [[dhuluma]] kubwa kutoka kwa wanashirika wenzake alizozivumilia kwa [[unyenyekevu]]<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90312</ref>. Alitangazwa [[mwenye heri]] na [[Papa Paulo V]] [[tarehe]] [[5 Februari]] [[1606]] halafu [[mtakatifu]] na [[Papa Pius XI]] tarehe [[17 Aprili]] [[1938]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[18 Machi]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== *[[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] *[[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1520]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1567]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Hispania]] pb9gyvyw6l6p08go71ak57a6jipm7q5 0 69165 1606503 1472795 2026-10-09T11:09:18Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Tazama pia */ 1606503 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Sant'Egidio1.jpg|thumb|150px|right|[[Sanamu]] yake iliyotengenezwa kwa [[karatasi]] iliyopondwa mwaka [[1920]].]] '''Egidi Maria wa Mt.Yosefu''' ([[jina]] la awali: '''Francesco Antonio Domenico Pasquale Pontillo'''; [[Taranto]], [[16 Novemba]] [[1729]] - [[Napoli]] [[7 Februari]] [[1812]]) alikuwa [[mtawa]] wa [[shirika]] la [[Ndugu Wadogo]] [[Pekupeku]] kutoka [[Italia Kusini]]. Kila [[siku]] alikuwa akiombaomba kwa [[unyenyekevu]] msaada katika [[Mtaa|mitaa]] ya [[mji]] wa Napoli akirudisha maneno ya [[faraja]] kwa wote <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/39775</ref>. Anaheshimiwa na [[Kanisa Katoliki]] kama [[mtakatifu]] tangu alipotangazwa na [[Papa Yohane Paulo II]] [[mwaka]] [[1996]]. Kabla ya hapo alitangazwa [[mwenye heri]] na [[Papa Leo XIII]] mwaka [[1888]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa tarehe ya [[kifo]] chake<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://saints.sqpn.com/saintg1w.htm Patron Saints Index] {{Wayback|url=http://saints.sqpn.com/saintg1w.htm |date=20140107113839 }}. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1729]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1812]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] jnsownibq3e0b2a710ynj51h1pp47db 0 72641 1606509 1425447 2026-10-09T11:11:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Tazama pia */ 1606509 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Fioretti2.jpg|thumb|250px|Mt. Krispino.]] '''Krispino wa Viterbo''' ([[Viterbo]], [[13 Novemba]] [[1668]] – [[Roma]], [[19 Mei]] [[1750]]) alikuwa [[bradha]] wa [[shirika]] la [[Ndugu Wadogo]] [[Wakapuchini]]. Mtu asiye na [[elimu]], alijiwekea lengo la kulingana na [[bradha]] [[Felix wa Cantalice]], mtakatifu wa kwanza wa shirika lake. Alipokuwa [[Mashirika ya ombaomba|anaombaomba]] [[sadaka]] katika [[Kijiji|vijiji]] vya [[Mlima|milimani]] alikuwa anawafundisha [[Mkulima|wakulima]] misingi ya [[imani]] ya [[Ukristo|Kikristo]]<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/54425</ref>. Alitangazwa [[mwenye heri]] na [[Papa Pius VII]] tarehe [[7 Septemba]] [[1806]], akawa [[mtakatifu]] wa kwanza kutangazwa na [[Papa Yohane Paulo II]] ([[20 Juni]] [[1982]]). [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa tarehe ya [[kifo]] chake<ref>''[[Martyrologium Romanum]]: ex Decreto Sacrosancti oecumenici Concilii Vaticani II instauratum auctoritate Ioannis Pauli P.P. II promulgatum'', Romae 2001, ISBN 8820972107</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 455-457 {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Krispino wa Viterbo}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1668]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1750]] [[Category:Wafransisko]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]] 4g61a1rn3r9j143e56glwvzhrsxmqx7 0 72659 1606507 1425476 2026-10-09T11:10:58Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Tazama pia */ 1606507 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Reliquie_di_Ignazio_da_Santhià.jpg|thumb|[[Sanamu]] mnamotunzwa [[masalia]] yake.]] '''Ignas wa Santhià''' ([[jina]] la awali: '''Lorenzo Maurizio Belvisotti'''; [[5 Juni]] [[1686]] - [[22 Septemba]] [[1770]]) alikuwa [[mtawa]] wa [[shirika]] la [[Ndugu Wadogo]] [[Wakapuchini]] na [[padri]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] kutoka [[Italia]]. Alikuwa na [[bidii]] kubwa kupokea [[kitubio|maungamo]] ya wakosefu na kuhudumia [[Mgonjwa|wagonjwa]]<ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90741</ref>. [[Papa Paulo VI]] alimtangaza [[mwenye heri]] [[tarehe]] [[17 Aprili]] [[1966]], halafu [[Papa Yohane Paulo II]] alimtangaza [[mtakatifu]] tarehe [[19 Mei]] [[2002]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa kila tarehe [[22 Septemba]], iliyokuwa siku ya [[kifo]] chake<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 528-531 ==Viungo vya nje== * {{en}} [http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/sainti0n.htm Ignas katika Patron Saints index] {{Wayback|url=http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/sainti0n.htm |date=20070905135544 }} * {{en}} [http://www.capuchinfriars.org.au/saints/ignatiuss.shtml Maisha yake] {{Wayback|url=http://www.capuchinfriars.org.au/saints/ignatiuss.shtml |date=20070829065558 }} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1686]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1770]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Mapadri]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] 1qz0xd3mngq68jp7o5xah3rhfsj0rbe 0 72665 1606504 1512240 2026-10-09T11:09:47Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Tazama pia */ 1606504 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Филипп из Никозии.jpg|thumb|250px|Mt. Felisi akibeba [[mkoba]] wa kuombea msaada kwa ajili ya [[konventi]].]] '''Felisi wa Nicosia, [[O.F.M.Cap.]]''' ([[jina]] la awali '''Filippo Giacomo Amoroso''') alikuwa [[bradha]] wa shirika la [[Ndugu Wadogo]] [[Wakapuchini]] kutoka [[Sicilia]], leo nchini [[Italia]] ([[5 Novemba]] [[1715]] – [[31 Mei]] [[1787]]). Baada ya kukataliwa miaka 10, alipopokewa [[Mtawa|utawani]] alitoa kwa [[unyofu]] na [[usafi wa moyo]] [[huduma]] duni alizoagizwa <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90637</ref>. Ni maarufu hasa kwa [[utiifu]] wake wa ajabu, uliothibitishwa na [[kiongozi]] aliyejichukulia [[jukumu]] la kumjaribu na kumdhalilisha kwa kila namna.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://www.capuchinfriars.org.au/saints/felixn.shtml |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2014-10-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310111952/http://www.capuchinfriars.org.au/saints/felixn.shtml |archivedate=2012-03-10 }}</ref> [[Papa Leo XIII]] alimtangaza [[mwenye heri]] [[tarehe]] [[12 Februari]] [[1888]], halafu [[Papa Benedikto XVI]] alimtangaza [[mtakatifu]] tarehe [[23 Oktoba]] [[2005]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa tarehe aliyoaga [[dunia]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 460-463 {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Felisi wa Nicosia}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1715]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1787]] [[Category:Wafransisko]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]] qe7clvi5tjt6qk2ysstokemdaj3r92n 0 74912 1606500 1415922 2026-10-09T11:06:25Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Tazama pia */ 1606500 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Ludovico_da_Casoria.jpg|thumb|[[Sanamu]] yake huko [[Pompei]].]] '''Ludoviko wa Casoria, [[O.F.M.]]''' ([[Casoria]], karibu na [[Napoli]], [[11 Machi]] [[1814]] &ndash; [[Posillipo]], Napoli [[30 Machi]] [[1885]]), alikuwa [[mtawa]] wa [[shirika]] la [[Ndugu Wadogo]] na [[padri]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] nchini [[Italia]]. Alipata umaarufu kwa [[upendo]] mkubwa kwa [[maskini]] uliomfanya apambane na [[ufukara]] wa [[jamii]] na kwa kuanzisha mashirika mawili ya kitawa: Ndugu wa Kijivu wa Upendo na Masista wa Kijivu wa [[Elizabeti wa Hungaria|Mt. Elizabeti]] <ref>https://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90241</ref>. [[Papa Yohane Paulo II]] alimtangaza [[mwenye heri]] [[mwaka]] [[1993]], halafu [[Papa Fransisko]] alimtangaza [[mtakatifu]] [[tarehe]] [[23 Novemba]] [[2014]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa tarehe ya [[kifo]] chake<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Vyanzo== *''Acta Ordinis Minorum'' (May, 1907), 156-158; *''The Catholic World'' (November, 1895), 155-166; *''Voce di Sant' Antonio'' (July, 1907), 23-26. ==Viungo vya nje== {{commons}} *[http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/SaintofDay/default.aspx Saint of the Day] {{Wayback|url=http://www.americancatholic.org/Features/SaintofDay/default.aspx |date=20150201052825 }} *[http://www.storiadeisordi.it/articolo.asp?ENTRY_ID=114 An account in Italian of his founding of the first school in Umbria for the care of deaf-mutes.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.storiadeisordi.it/articolo.asp?ENTRY_ID=114 |date=20110719234340 }} {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1814]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1885]] [[Category:Wafransisko]] [[Category:Mapadri]] [[Category:Watawa waanzilishi]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]] e9imv7imxx68511lpqj5w75fi7ujbi3 0 76255 1606431 1471644 2026-10-09T07:58:42Z Kent Wang 92997 /* Picha za sfinksi */ Bust in the gardens of Palácio Nacional de Queluz 02.jpg 1606431 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sphynx of Giza.jpg|thumb|250px|Sfinksi kubwa mashuhuri inapatikana katika eneo la [[Piramidi za Giza]].]] '''Sfinksi''' (kwa [[Kiingereza]] '''sphinx''') ni [[Elimu ya visasili|kiumbe cha visasili]] katika [[utamaduni|tamaduni]] za [[Misri ya Kale]], [[Ugiriki wa Kale]] na [[Mesopotamia]]. Inajulikana pia katika [[visasili]] na [[sanaa]] za [[Asia ya Kusini]] na [[Asia ya Kusini-Mashariki|Kusini-mashariki]]. Inaunganisha [[mwili]] wa [[simba]] na [[kichwa]] cha [[binadamu]]. [[Kisasili]] cha sfinksi za [[Mashariki ya Kati]] kwa kiasi kikubwa kimesahauliwa. Ni pekee kuhusu sfinksi ya [[Ugiriki]] ya kwamba [[hadithi]] kadhaa zimehifadhiwa. ==Sfinksi katika visasili vya Ugiriki ya Kale== Wagiriki wa Kale walisimulia ya kwamba Sfinksi ilikaa nje ya [[geti]] la [[mji]] wa [[Thebi]] ikamwuliza [[kitendawili]] kila [[mtu]] aliyepita. [[Kibali]] cha kuingia mjini kilitolewa kwake aliyejua [[jibu]] pekee. Aliyeshindwa kujibu aliuawa na kuliwa naye. Huyu Sfinksi iliaminiwa kuwa ilitumwa na [[mungu]] [[Hera]] (au Ares kufuatana na [[mapokeo]] tofauti) kutoka kwake [[Ethiopia]]. Kwa hiyo Wagiriki walikumbuka ya kwamba kiasili habari za Sfinksi zilifika Ugiriki kutoka [[Afrika]]. Kitendawili kilikuwa hiki: "[[Kiumbe]] gani kina [[sauti]] moja lakini inapatikana kwa [[miguu]] minne, halafu miguu miwili, halafu miguu mitatu?" Katika kisasili cha Wagiriki ni [[Oedipus]] aliyeweza kujibu kwa [[usahihi]]: "Ni binadamu. Akiwa [[mtoto mchanga]] anatambaa kwa kutumia mikono na miguu, akiwa [[mtu mzima]] anatembea kwa miguu yake miwili, akiwa [[mzee]] anatumia [[fimbo]]."<ref><nowiki>[http://people.hsc.edu/drjclassics/texts/Oedipus/sphinx.shtm The Sphinx and Oedipus Rex by Janice Siegel]</nowiki></ref> Kulikuwa na hadithi yenye kitendawili tofauti: "Kuna wakina[[dada]] wawili. Wa kwanza anamzaa wa pili, halafu wa pili anamzaa wa kwanza. Hao ni nani?" Jibu sahihi lilikuwa "[[Mchana]] na [[usiku]]", maana kwa [[lugha]] ya [[Kigiriki]] maneno kwa Usiku na mchana yote ki[[sarufi]] ni ya kike. [[Picha:Egypt.LuxorTemple.03.jpg|250px|thumbnail|[[Safu]] ya sfinksi mbele ya [[hekalu la Karnak]], Misri.]] ==Sfinksi katika sanaa ya Misri ya Kale== Sfinksi zinaonekana mara nyingi katika sanaa ya Misri ya Kale. Mashuhuri hasa ni Sfinksi Kubwa katika eneo la [[Piramidi za Giza]] karibu na [[jiji]] la [[Kairo]]. Kichwa chake kinaaminiwa kuonyesha [[uso]] wa [[Farao Khufra]]. [[Sanamu]] za Sfinksi ziliwekwa mbele ya [[piramidi]] na ma[[hekalu]] kama [[walinzi]] na wote waliotaka kuingia hapo walipaswa kupita kwa. Kuna mifano kadhaa ya makundi ya sfinksi yanayosimama upande wa kulia na kushoto wa [[njia]] inayoelekea geti la hekalu. Kulikuwa pia na sfinksi zilipewa kichwa cha mnyama aliyekuwa nembo wa mungu fulani kwa mfano [[kondoo]] (nembo ya mungu [[Amun]]) au ndege wa [[kipanga]] (nembo ya mungu [[Horus]]). == Sfinksi katika sanaa ya Ulaya == Wakati wa [[Zama za mwamko]] (Renaissance) katika [[Ulaya]] [[wasanii]] walivutwa na habari za Misri ya Kale wakaanza kuchonga sanamu za Sfinksi kama mapambo wa nyumba za kifalme au nyanya za miji. Wasanii wa Ulaya walitumia Sfinksi kama [[alama]] ya [[milele]] na kitendawili. [[Wachoraji]] walionyesha Sfinksi kama wa kike. Hii imetokana na [[lugha]] ya [[Kigiriki]] ambako Sfinksi ina [[jinsi ya kike]] ki[[sarufi]] . == Sfinksi katika Asia ya Kusini na Kusini-Magharibi == [[File:Manokthiha (Manussiha).png|thumb|Sfinksi ya Uthai "Manussiha"]] Viumbe vya kufanana na Sfinksi vinapatikana pia katika visasili na sanaa ya tamaduni za Asia Kusini na Asia Kusini-Magharibi.<ref>Deekshitar, Raja. "Discovering the Anthropomorphic Lion in Indian Art." in <nowiki>''Marg. A Magazine of the Arts''. 55/4, 2004, p.34-41; [http://www.sphinxofindia.rajadeekshithar.com Sphinx of India]</nowiki></ref> Kwa lugha mbalimbali wanajulikana kama <nowiki>''purushamriga''</nowiki> ([[Kisanskrit]] ''mtu-mnyama''), <nowiki>''purushamirugam''</nowiki> ([[Kitamil]] ''mtu-mnyama'') , <nowiki>''nara-simha''</nowiki> (Kisanskrit ''mtu-simb''a) au <nowiki>''manusiha''</nowiki> ([[Kipali]] ''mtu-simba''). Sanamu za kwanza zinazounganisha tabia za mtu na simba zimepatikana tangu [[karne ya 1 KK]]. Hata katika [[mapokeo]] ya [[Uhindi]] Sfinksi anasimama mara nyingi karibu na geti la hekalu, inaaminiwa kuondoa ma[[ovu]] kutoka waumini wakiingia hekaluni. Katika mapokeo ya [[Wabuddha]] wa [[Sri Lanka]] narasimha ni [[mlinzi]] wa upande wa kaskazini wa hekalu unaotazamiwa kuwa [[mtakatifu]] zaidi. ==Picha za sfinksi== <gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="160"> File:Sphinx Darius Louvre.jpg|Sfinksi yenye mabawa kutoka ikulu ya mfalme [[Dario I]] wa [[Uajemi]] mjini [[Shushani]] (480 KK). File:Head from a Female Sphinx, ca. 1876-1842 B.C.E.,56.85.jpg|Kichwa cha sfinksi ya kike, mnamo 1876-1842 KK, [[Brooklyn Museum]] File:Brooklyn Museum - Egypt-Gizeh (pd).jpg| Picha ya Sfinksi na piramidi huko Misri, Giza. (mwaka haijulikani) [[Brooklyn Museum]] File:The Great Pyramid and the Sphinx.jpg|Sfinksi Kubwa ya Giza, mnamo 1858 BK File:Museo Egizio di Torino-631 o.jpg|Sfinksi ya Kimisri ([[Museo Egizio]], [[Torino]], Italia) File:Hatshepsut-SmallSphinx MetropolitanMuseum.png|Sphinksi ya Farao [[Hatshepsut]], 1503-1482 KK File:028MAD Sphinx.jpg|Sfinksi ya Ugiriki ya Kale kutoka [[Delphi]]. File:Sphinxes.jpg|Spfinksi za kale zilichukuliwa kutoka Misri kwa kupambanisha miji ya Ulaya - hapa [[Sankt Petersburg]], Urusi File:Wien Schloss Belvedere DSC03014.JPG|Sfinksi ya karne ya 18 BK katika bustani ya ikulu ya kifalme ya Belvedere, [[Vienna]] (Austria) File:Bundesarchiv Bild 170-770, Potsdam, Sanssouci, Sphinx im Park Sanssouci.jpg|Sfinksi ya karne ya 18 BK katika bustani ya ikulu ya kifalme ya Sanssouci, [[Potsdam]] (Ujerumani) File:Bust in the gardens of Palácio Nacional de Queluz 02.jpg|Sfinksi ya karne ya 18 BK katika bustani ya Queluz, [[Ureno]] File:Sphinx - Park Schönbusch.jpg|Sfinxi katika bustani ya kasri Schönbusch mjini [[Aschaffenburg]], [[Bavaria]], 1789-90. File:IngresOdipusAndSphinx.jpg|Taswira ya [[Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres]], ''[[Oedipus]] na Sphinksi'' (1827 BK). File:Paris Hôtel de Ville 2497 07.jpg|Sfinksi mbele ya [[Hôtel de Ville, Paris]], mnamo 1870. File:Oedipus and the Sphinx MET DP-14201-023.jpg|Taswira ya ''Oedipus na Sfinksi'' na [[Gustave Moreau]], mnamo 1864 BK. File:Esfingedebotero.jpg|Sfinksi ya kisasa na [[Fernando Botero]] mjini [[Medellin, Kolombia]] ([[bronzi]] 1995). </gallery> ==Tanbihi== <references/> ==Marejeo== * Clay, Jenny Strauss, ''Hesiod's Cosmos'', Cambridge University Press, 2003. ISBN 978-0-521-82392-0. * Stewart, Desmond. Pyramids and the Sphinx. [S.l.]: Newsweek, U.S., 72. Print. * Kallich, Martin. "Oepidus and the Sphinx." Oepidus: Myth and Drama. N.p.: Western, 1968. N. pag. Print. ==Viungo vya nje== {{commonscat|Sphinxes}} {{mbegu}} [[Category:Sanaa]] [[Category:Misri ya Kale]] [[Jamii:Usanifu majengo]] c5wc5bjf27ufjn7kt18tr4bfnrkrf0x 0 76294 1606377 1574233 2026-10-08T21:57:12Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606377 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Buchdruck-15-jahrhundert 1.jpg|300px|thumbnail|Matbaa ya [[karne ya 15]]: Fundi anakaza karatasi, wengi hutazama kurasa zilizochapwa tayari]] '''Uchapaji''' ni njia ya kunakili [[maandishi]] na [[picha]] kwa [[karatasi]] au [[loho]] bapa nyingine, hata [[kitambaa]]. [[Vitabu]] na [[magazeti]] vinatengenezwa kwa njia ya uchapaji. Hivyo vinaweza kutolewa kirahisi kwa [[nakala]] nyingi. Kabla ya kupatikana kwa uchapaji vitabu, hati na maandiko yote yalinakiliwa kwa [[mkono]] pekee. Katika [[utamaduni|tamaduni]] mbalimbali [[waandishi]] na wanakili walikuwa ma[[bingwa]] muhimu. Lakini kunakili matini ndefu kama kitabu kulichukua muda mrefu, hata miaka, hivyo vitabu havikupatikana kwa nakala nyingi, pia vilikuwa ghali mno. Tangu kubuniwa kwa uchapaji maandishi yamepatikana kwa wingi tena kwa [[bei]] nafuu. Hii ilisaidia uenezaji wa [[habari]] na [[elimu]] na kusababisha [[mapinduzi]] makuu katika [[historia]] ya [[binadamu]].<ref>Robinson. Andrew 1995. ''The story of writing''. Thames & Hudson, London.</ref><ref>Christin, Anne-Marie (ed) ''A history of writing''. Flammarion, Paris.</ref><ref>Gaur, Albertine 1992. ''A history of writing''. 3rd ed.</ref><ref>Diringer, David 1968. ''The alphabet: a key to the history of mankind''.</ref> ==Mihuri== [[Picha:Cylinder seal Shamash Louvre AO9132.jpg|thumbnail|250px|Mhuri wa mcheduara kutoka Mesopotamia pamoja na nakala yake]] Kitangulizi cha uchapaji kilikuwa matumizi ya [[mhuri|mihuri]]. Mifano ya kwanza inajulikana kutoka [[Mesopotamia]] ambako mihuri yenye [[umbo]] la [[mcheduara]] yalikuwa kawaida. Ma[[jina]], [[nembo]] au [[alama]] nyingine yichimbwa kwenye [[uso]] wa mhuri uliozungushwa baadaye katika kipande cha [[udongo]] wa [[mfinyanzi]] ulio mbichi. Kipande hiki kiliweza kukaushwa na hata kuchomwa baadaye kama ki[[sahani]] kidogo ama kwa [[kitambulisho]] au [[uthibitisho]] wa maandishi juu ya mhuri huu ulioandikwa pia kwa udongo mbichi. Mihuri mingine ilitokea kwa umbo la nembo au uchoraji mdogo uliowekwa kwenye [[pete]]. [[File:Jingangjin part.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Kitabu hiki cha [[Sutra ya almasi]] kutoka [[China]] ni kati ya kwanza cha kuchapishwa kwa kutumia mhuri wa ubao kwa [[ukurasa]] wote]] ==Mhuri wa mbao barani Asia== [[Picha:BibliaPauperum.jpg|thumbnail|<small>[[Teknolojia]] ya Kichina katika [[Ulaya]] karne ya 15: [[Hadithi]] za [[Biblia]] ya picha na matini kidogo ilichongwa katika mihuri ya ubao</small>]] Mnamo mwaka [[200 KK]] [[Wachina]] walianza kunakili maandishi kwa kutumia [[mbao]]. Kila ukurasa, ukiwa pamoja na maandishi yote na picha, uliandaliwa kwa muhuri mmoja. Kwa kazi hii walihitaji sehemu tatu *[[bamba]] la mbao lenye upande mmoja [[tambarare]] kabisa na hapa alama ya mwandishi au picha zilikatwa kwa kuondoa yote ambayo hayakutaka kuonekana, hivyo alama itokeze katika [[msingi]] wake. *[[wino]] yaani [[kiowevu]] kama [[lahamu]] chenye [[rangi]] kinachoweza kupakwa juu ya mhuri na kitakachoonekana vizuri kwenye karatasi/kitambaa tena kwa muda mrefu bila kupotea *[[kitambaa]] chembamba au [[karatasi]] iliyoanza kupatikana katika China kuanzia [[karne 3 KK|karne 3]] au [[Karne ya 2 KK|2 KK]]. Ubao uliwekwa chini, uso juu na wino kupakwa juu ya sehemu zilizotokea juu. Karatasi ikatandikwa juu ya ubao na kupurwa kutoka juu ili wino ifungamiwe kwa karatasi. Baada ya kutoa karatasi maandishi na picha zilionekana kwenye karatasi kama [[taswira]] geu ya muhuri. Hii inamaanisha ya kwamba ilikuwa [[lazima]] kuchonga maandishi na picha kama [[taswira geu]] ili zionekane sawa baada ya kuchapa. Katika maandishi ya [[Kichina]] hakuna [[herufi]] za [[alfabeti]], bali kila [[neno]] ni alama ya pekee. Matini ndefu kwa Kichina ina maneno na hivyo alama tofauti maelfu hata makumi elfu. Michapo ya kwanza iliyotengenezwa kwa teknolojia hii ni picha za ma[[ua]] juu ya kitambaa cha [[hariri]] zilizochapwa takriban mwaka [[200]] [[BK]]. Michapo ya kwanza kwenye karatasi zimehifadhiwa kutoka [[karne ya 7]]. Mnamo [[karne ya 9]] teknolojia ilikomaa na kitabu cha kwanza kilichochapishwa kwa njia hii kinachojulikana ni [[Sutra ya almasi]] ya mwaka [[868]], mkusanyo wa maneno na ma[[fundisho]] ya [[Buddha]]. [[Uzuri]] wa alama na picha ni [[dokezo]] la kwamba [[watungaji]] walikuwa na [[maarifa]] ya muda mrefu, kwa hiyo si kitabu cha kale zaidi kuchapishwa bali kitabu cha kale kilichohifadhiwa kamili hadi leo. Tunajua ya kwamba [[sutra]] za Buddha mamia elfu zilichapishwa kwa njia hii hadi mwaka [[1000]] hivi pamoja na mafundisho ya [[Konfusio]]. [[Fundi]] bora aliweza kuchapisha hadi nakala 2000 ya ukurasa mmoja kila [[siku]]. Mchapaji huu ulienea hadi China, [[Korea]] na [[Vietnam]]. Baadaye ulipokewa na [[Waarabu]] [[Waislamu]] na kutoka kwao hadi Ulaya. Katika nchi ya Korea mafundi walijaribu kufupisha kazi kubwa ya kuchonga ukurasa mzima kwa kuandaa alama mojamoja zilizoweza kuunganishwa baadaye. Walifanya ma[[jaribio]] kwa kutengeneza alama kwa [[kauri sini]], udongo wa kuchomwa (uliovunjika kirahisi), ubao na baadaye pia [[metali]] ya [[shaba]]. Kuna vitabu kadhaa vilivyochapwa kwa njia hii lakini kwa jumla kazi ilikuwa kubwa mno kutokana na idadi kubwa ya alama katika maandishi ya Kichina. <ref name=unesco>Kitabu cha kwanza kilichochapishwa kwa herufi za kusogezeka kilitolewa nchini [[Korea]] kinajulikana kwa jina la [[Jikji]].[http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=22954&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html Memory of the World], unesco.org, iliangaliwa Novemba 2009</ref> Njia ya kuchonga kurasa zote kwa mbao iliendelea kutumiwa hadi [[karne ya 19]] wakati mfumo wa Kiulaya ulifika [[Asia ya Mashariki]]. ==Gutenberg na uchapaji kwa herufi za kusogezeka== [[Picha:Metal movable type.jpg|thumbnail|Mkusanyo wa herufi metalia za kusogezeka alizobuni Gutenberg mnamo 1450]] [[Picha:Gutenberg_Bible_scan.jpg|thumbnail|250px|Ukurasa wa Biblia ya kwanza iliyochapishwa na Gutenberg uonyeshao utangulizi; rangi nyekundu na mapambo yaliongezwa kwa mkono baada ya uchapaji]] [[Picha:Plomb typographie.svg|thumbnail|Chapa au herufi ya kusogezeka "T" kwa uchapaji]] Katika Ulaya teknolojia ya Kichina iliwahi kufika kupitia nchi za Waislamu kuanzia mwaka [[1400]] hivi. Mwanzoni [[wasanii]] walichonga picha za ki[[dini]] zenye maandishi kidogo. Baadaye waliendelea kuchonga vitabu kamili vyenye picha nyingi na matini kidogo. Vitabu hivi vilishindana na michapo ya kwanza iliyotengenezwa kwa teknolijia ya [[herufi za kusogezeka]] iliyoanza mwaka [[1450]] hivi. [[Mwanzilishi]] wa teknolojia hii mpya alikuwa [[fundi dhahabu]] na [[mfanyabiashara]] [[Johannes Gutenberg]] kutoka [[mji]] wa [[Mainz]] katika [[Ujerumani]]. Alibuni njia sawa jinsi walivyowahi Wachina zamani lakini mwandiko wa [[Kilatini]] ulimpa ma[[fanikio]] makubwa zaidi. Kinyume na [[mwandiko wa Kichina]] mwenye alama maelfu [[mwandiko wa Kilatini]] una alama chache kwa [[herufi]] zake, kama 26 pekee. Gutenberg alipambana na ma[[tatizo]] mengi akafanya majaribio mengi hadi kufaulu. [[Metali]] inadumu kuliko ubao ikamwezesha Gutenberg kuandaa ukurasa na kuuchapisha mara maelfu. Aliweka maandishi kwa kuandaa [[herufi metalia]] nyingi alizounganisha kuwa maneno, mistari hadi ukurasa wote. Kwa kuandaa [[kalibu]] kwa kila herufi aliweza kutengeneza herufi nyingi kwa kurudia kumwaga metali ya kuyeyushwa mle na kurudia [[hatua]] hii baada ya kutoa herufi zilizipoa kwa kalibu ileile. Alibuni [[aloi]] ya [[plumbi]] (metali ya risasi), [[stani]] na [[antimoni]] ambayo yote ni metali zinazoyeyuka kwa [[joto]] dogo. Baada ya kupanga herufi na kuzibana kwa ukurasa mzima aliweza kuchapisha ukurasa mara nyingi jinsi ilivyohitajika. Aliweza pia kufungua [[mbano]] wa ukurasa na kutumia herufi kwa kazi nyingine au kutunza ukurasa kwa marudio yaliyotarajiwa. Kazi ya kwanza ya Gutenberg ilikuwa [[Biblia]] ([[1455]] hivi). Imesifiwa kama kazi bora kifundi na kisanii. Gutenberg alibuni pia wino wenye mafuta uliofaa kwa kazi yake kwa sababu ilidumu kuliko wino wa majimaji wa awali. Halafu alibuni [[mashine]] ya [[matbaa]] iliyorahisisha kazi; badala ya kusukuma karatasi juu ya mfano wa ukurasa kwa mkono, mashine ilifanya kazi hii haraka zaidi. Ukurasa uliowahi kuandaliwa kwa herufi katika mistari (Biblia ya Gutenberg ilikuwa na mistari 42 kila ukurasa) ulifungwa katika matbaa upande mmoja, na karatasi ilikweka upande mwingine, halafu pande zote mbili zilikazwa pamoja kwa [[mwendo]] wa mashine. Karatasi ilitolewa, mashine ikafunguliwa, wino kupakwa juu ya herufi na karatasi mpya kuwekwa ndani ya mashine. Mashine iliwezesha uchapaji pande zote mbili za karatasi, kazi iliyoshindikana katika mfumo wa zamani. ==Usambazaji wa matbaa ya Gutenberg== Mwanzoni teknolojia mpya ya Gutenberg ilisambaa polepole. Ma[[hitaji]] ya [[pesa]] yalikuwa mengi, mafundi walihitajika kuandaa kalibu, kuchemsha aloi na kuimwaga katika kalibu, halafu kupanga herufi kwa maneno, mistari na ukurasa wote. Kulikuwa na [[haja]] ya kuandaa [[akiba]] kubwa ya herufi kwa uchapaji wa kitabu kizima. Mwanzoni bei bado ilikuwa juu hata ililingana na bei ya [[muswada]] zilizonakiliwa kwa mkono. Hata hivyo mafundi wengine walimfuata Gutenberg na [[sanaa ya uchapaji]] ilienea Ulaya. * [[1458]] matbaa mjini [[Strassburg]] * [[1464]] huko [[Basel]] * [[1465]] [[Köln]], [[Roma]] * [[1467]] [[Eltville]] * [[1468]] [[Augsburg]] * [[1469]] [[Venisi]] * [[1470]] [[Nuremberg]], [[Paris]] * [[1472]] [[Ulm]] * [[1473]] [[Krakov]], [[Budapest]], [[Hispania]] na [[Uingereza]] * [[1476]] [[Pilsen]] * [[1482]] [[Vienna]] * [[1483]] [[Kroatia]]) * [[1563]] [[Urusi]] * [[1593]] [[Meksiko]] Mnamo 1470 kulikuwa na matbaa 17 na hadi mwaka [[1490]] [[idadi]] iliongezeka kuwa 204. Hadi mwaka [[1500]] ni 252 matbaa na 62 za hizi zilikuwepo ndani ya [[Dola Takatifu la Kiroma]]. [[Wastani]] wa kila [[toleo]] ulikuwa nakala 150 hadi 250 hivi. Sehemu kubwa ilitolewa kwa lugha ya [[Kilatini]], lakini polepole [[chapa]] kilitumiwa pia kwa lugha za kieneo.<ref>Idadi kutoka Wittmann, Reinhard: Geschichte des deutschen Buchhandels, S. 27</ref><ref>Lefebre L & Martin H-J. 1990. ''The coming of the book''. new ed, London.</ref><ref>Martin H-J. 1994. ''The history and power of writing''. Chicago.</ref> ==Athari za matbaa ya Gutenberg katika jamii na utamaduni== Uchapaji kwa herufi za kusogezeka ulikuwa na [[athari]] kubwa katika [[jamii]] na utamaduni wa Ulaya halafu duniani kote. Mnamo mwaka 1500, yaani miaka 50 baada ya Gutenberg kuanza kazi, matbaa za Ulaya zilikuwa zimetoa tayari nakala [[milioni]] 20 ya miandiko mbalimbali. Kitabu kilichokuwa jambo haba sana kilianza kupatikana kwa wingi. Elimu kwa njia ya kujisomea iliyopatikana kwa wanafunzi wachache pekee ilisambaa haraka sana. Mawazo na habari zilizowahi kupitishwa kwa mdomo pekee hasa zilichapishwa sasa zikapatikana haraka kwa watu wengi. Waandishi kadhaa walikuwa mashuhuri haraka. Vitabu vya [[Eramus wa Rotterdam]] viliuzwa kwa nakala 750,000 wakati wa [[maisha]] yake (1469–[[1536]]). Mafundisho ya [[Martin Luther]] yalisambazwa haraka, katika miaka michache baina ya [[1518]] na [[1520]] pekee nakala 300,000 za vijitabu vyake vilichapishwa na kuuzwa. Bila matbaa [[matengenezo ya Kiprotestanti]] yasingepata [[nguvu]] iliyokuwa nayo. Hapo si ajabu kwamba watu wenye [[mamlaka]] waliona teknolojia mpya kuwa [[hatari]]. Viongozi wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]] na wa [[serikali]] walijaribu kusimamia na kutawala matumizi ya matbaa. Katika miaka ya kwanza hali ya kisiasa katika Ujerumani na [[Italia]] ilikuwa muhimu. Nchi zote mbili zilikuwa sehemu za [[Dola Takatifu la Kiroma]] ambalo hali halisi halikuwa na serikali kuu. Miji mingi ndani yake ilijitawala na swali la kuruhusu kazi ya matbaa ilikuwa juu ya serikali ya kila mji. Ndiyo sababu teknolojia ya matbaa ilienea na kukomaa katika nchi hizi mbili mwanzoni na baadaye haikuwezekana kuifuta tena hata katika nchi nyingine. Hata hivyo serikali za nchi kadhaa zilifaulu kulazimisha [[udhibiti]] mkali wa vitabu - ila tu nchi nyingine ziliendelea haraka zaidi kwa sababu ilionekana ya kwamba usambazaji wa ma[[wazo]] ulisaidia sana [[maendeleo]] ya [[uchumi]] na utamaduni. Ndiyo pia sababu mojawapo muhimu kwa nchi za Ulaya kufikia hali ya juu duniani na kuzipita nchi za Waislamu na Asia. Hadi wakati wa Gutenberg utamaduni wa Waislamu na nchi za Asia Mashariki uliongoza duniani katika [[uzalishaji]] wa [[bidhaa]] nyingi, [[utajiri]] na mafanikio mengi. Lakini serikali ya [[sultani]] [[Beyazid II]] katika [[Milki ya Osmani]] mwaka [[1485]] ilikataza uzalishaji wa vitabu kwa matbaa kwa Waislamu. [[Amri]] hiyo ilirudiwa mwaka [[1515]] na Sultani [[Selim]]. <ref>[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PvwUAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA803&dq=Islam+block+printing&as_brr=3&ei=QTncS9WLKp2WyAS2yPnGCQ&cd=7#v=onepage&q&f=false "Matbaa", katika The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Fascicules 111-112 : Masrah Mawlid, Brill 1989, uk.795, google booksearch 20-04-2015]</ref> Vibali vilitolewa kwa matbaa pekee zilizohudumia jumuiya za wasio Waislamu kama [[Wayahudi]] na [[Wakristo]]. Kitabu cha kwanza kilichopigwa chapa huko [[Konstantinopoli]] kilitolewa mwaka [[1497]] kwa lugha ya [[Kiebrania]] kikiwa na maelezo ya [[Torati]]. <ref>[http://www.historyofinformation.com/expanded.php?id=397 The First Book Printed in the Ottoman Empire ]</ref> lakini uchapaji wa [[alfabeti ya Kiarabu]] ulipigwa [[marufuku]] hadi mwaka [[1729]]. ==Matbaa ya kuzunguka na nguvu ya mvuke== [[Picha:Hoe's six-cylinder press.png|thumbnail|300px|Matbaa ya Hoe, mnamo 1864]] Kimsingi teknolojia ya Gutenberg ilifuatwa na kuendelezwa kwa [[karne]] mbili hadi kubuniwa na mashine ya uchapaji ya kuzunguka. Hapo kurasa za chapa zilipangwa juu ya [[mcheduara]] uliozunguka na karatasi ilipitishwa chini ya [[mzunguko]] wake. Wino ulipakwa mfululizo juu ya herufi na karatasi iliingizwa ama karatasi kwa karatasi au mfululizo kutoka [[msokoto]] wa karatasi. Mashine hizi ziliendeshwa kwa nguvu ya [[mashine ya mvuke]], baadaye [[injini]] za [[umeme]]. Teknolojia hiyo ilibuniwa na Mjerumani [[Friedrich Koenig]] hadi mwaka [[1818]]. Alihamia [[London]] akishirikiana na [[Mwingereza]] [[Thomas Bensley]]. Mwaka [[1843]] [[mbinu]] hiyo iliboreshwa tena na Mwingereza [[Richard March Hoe]]. Hii iliwezesha hasa ma[[gazeti]] kutolewa kwa nakala [[elfu]]elfu na kwa bei nafuu. [[Picha:WAZDruckhausEssen029.jpg|300px|thumbnail|Mabapa ya uchapaji katika mashine kubwa ya offset ya kuchapia gazeti]] ==Uchapaji wa offset na mwisho wa herufi za kusogezeka== Wakati wa [[karne ya 20]] njia mpya ya uchapaji ilibuniwa iliyozidi kuboreshwa na hatimaye kuchukua nafasi ya herufi za kusogezeka. Leo hii vitabu na magazeti mengi kabisa duniani hutengenezwa kwa uchapaji wa [[offset]]. Hapo picha ya ukurasa wote inachomwa kwenye bapa la metali (mara nyingi [[alumini]]). Uso wa alumini unaandaliwa ili sehemu zinazotakiwa kuchapwa zipokee wino, lakini sehemu ambazo hazitakiwi kuonekana zinapokea [[unyevu]] wa [[maji]] na hivyo wino haushiki hapo. Bapa linabanwa katika mashine ya uchapaji, wino kupakwa kwenye bapa kwa kila mzunguko wa mashine, na picha ya ukurasa uliochomwa kwenye metali linanakiliwa kwenye [[blanketi]] la [[mpira]] linalozunguka pia. Kutoka mpira wino unabanwa juu ya karatasi na picha ya ukurasa ulioandaliwa sasa ni ukurasa uliochapishwa. Awali picha ya ukurasa ilipigwa kwa [[kamera]] halafu kupelekwa kwenye bapa ya uchapaji. Leo hii ukurasa unaandaliwa katika [[kompyuta]] na kupelekwa moja kwa moja katika mashine ya uchapaji. Matbaa za herufi ya kusogezeka bado zinatumiwa mahali pachache na wasanii na mafundi wanaotengeneza michapo ya pekee au ya kisanii. ==Uchapaji wa tarakimu== Katika miaka ya nyuma uchapaji kwa kutumia [[printa]] ndogo pamoja na kompyuta umezidi kuwa muhimu. [[Gharama]] za nakala ni ya juu kuliko offset lakini gharama za maandalizi ya chapo ni ndogo. [[Printa za leza]] zinapuliza [[unga]] wa wino juu ya karatasi na rangi inashika sehemu ambako printa imeonyesha uga la [[sumaku]] kuwa mahali pa herufi au picha, baadaye unga unafungwa imara kwenye karatasi kwa njia ya joto. ===Dereva za uchapaji=== Unapoweka printa kwa tarakilishi yako, huwa kwa kawaida waitishwa kuweka dereva za uchapaji (printer drivers) . Hizo ni programu ambazo zinakusaidia kuwasiliana na mashine ile. Kulingana na maelezo ya [[Wikipedia ya Kiingereza]], dereva za uchapaji hugeuza data ili iwe kati hali au mfumo ambao printa itaweza kupiga chapa bila ya tatizo lolote. Kazi ya dereva hizo ni kuwezesha tarakilishi kupiga chapa bila kuzingatia muundo wa printa yenyewe. Programu hizi huenda ukapewa wakati unanunua mashine yako ya printa au ukapata kwa wavuti za mitandao zinazoshughulika na mambo ya chapa. ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo== *{{cite book | first = Gill | last = Saunders |author2=Miles, Rosie | title = Prints Now: Directions and Definitions | url = https://archive.org/details/printsnowdirecti0000saun | publisher=Victoria and Albert Museum | date = May 1, 2006 | isbn = 1-85177-480-7 }} * Lafontaine, Gerard S. (1958). ''Dictionary of Terms Used in the Paper, Printing, and Allied Industries''. Toronto: H. Smith Paper Mills. 110 p. *{{cite book | first = Alexander | last = Nesbitt | title = The History and Technique of Lettering | url = https://archive.org/details/historytechnique0000nesb | publisher=Dover Books | year = 1957 }} *{{cite book | last = Steinberg | first = S.H. | title = Five Hundred Years of Printing | url = https://archive.org/details/fivehundredyears00stei_0 | location = London and Newcastle | publisher=The British Library and Oak Knoll Press | year = 1996 }} *{{cite book | last = Gaskell | first = Philip | title = A New Introduction to Bibliography | url = https://archive.org/details/newintroductiont0000gask | location = Winchester and Newcastle | publisher=St Paul's Bibliographies and Oak Knoll Press | year = 1995 }} *[[Elizabeth L. Eisenstein]], ''The Printing Press as an Agent of Change'', Cambridge University Press, September 1980, Paperback, 832 pages, ISBN 0-521-29955-1 *[[Marshall McLuhan]], ''The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man'' (1962) Univ. of Toronto Press (1st ed.); reissued by Routledge & Kegan Paul ISBN 0-7100-1818-5 *Tam, Pui-Wing ''The New Paper Trail'', ''The Wall Street Journal Online'', February 13, 2006 Pg.R8 *{{Rejea jarida |last=Tsien |first=Tsuen-Hsuin |authorlink=Tsien Tsuen-hsuin |series=Joseph Needham, Science and Civilisation in China, Chemistry and Chemical Technology |volume= 5 part 1|title=Paper and Printing|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1985 |ref=harv |postscript=<!-- Bot inserted parameter. Either remove it; or change its value to "." for the cite to end in a ".", as necessary. -->{{inconsistent citations}}}} *Woong-Jin-Wee-In-Jun-Gi No. 11 Jang Young Sil by Baek Sauk Gi. Copyright 1987 Woongjin Publishing Co., Ltd. Pg. 61. '''On the effects of Gutenberg's printing''' '''Early printers manuals''' The classic manual of early hand-press technology is *{{Rejea jarida | first = Joseph | last = Moxon | title = Mechanick Exercises on the Whole Art of Printing | url = https://archive.org/details/mechanickexercis0000moxo_j6c3 | date= 1683–84 | edition = ed. Herbert Davies & Harry Carter. New York: Dover Publications, 1962, reprint | postscript = <!--None--> | ref = harv }} :A somewhat later one, showing 18th century developments is *{{Rejea jarida | first = Caleb | last = Stower | title =The Printer's Grammar | year= 1808 | edition = London: Gregg Press, 1965, reprint | postscript = <!--None--> | ref = harv }} == Viungo vya nje == *[http://www.printinghistory.org/htm/misc/links.html American Printing History Association] {{Wayback|url=http://www.printinghistory.org/htm/misc/links.html |date=20060209034733 }} - numerous links to online resources and other organizations *[http://www.gutenberg-museum.de/index.php?id=19&language=e The development of book and printing]. English website of the Gutenberg-Museum Mainz (Germany) *[http://www.planet-typography.com/directory/histoire.html Planet Typography - history of printing] - selection of international sites dedicated to the history of printing *[http://glossary.ippaper.com/default.asp?req=knowledge/category/1&catitemid=1 Learn about printing] {{Wayback|url=http://glossary.ippaper.com/default.asp?req=knowledge%2Fcategory%2F1&catitemid=1 |date=20070704072202 }}—International Paper *[http://www.bpsnet.org.uk BPSnet] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bpsnet.org.uk/ |date=20150201161645 }} - The website of the British Printing Society *[http://www.childrenofthecode.org/Tour/c5/davinci.htm Children of the Code - Online Video: The DNA of Science, The Alphabet and Printing] {{Commons category|Printing}} *[http://libmma.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15324coll10/id/94303/rec/1 Prints & People: A Social History of Printed Pictures], an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF) *[http://www.hss.ed.ac.uk/chb Centre for the History of the Book] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hss.ed.ac.uk/chb |date=20080624072331 }} *[http://www.childrenofthecode.org/Tour/c5/davinci.htm Children of the Code – Online Video: The DNA of Science, The Alphabet and Printing] *[http://www.planet-typography.com/directory/histoire.html Planet Typography – history of printing] – selection of international sites dedicated to the history of printing *[http://www.gain.net Printing Industries of the Americas] {{Wayback|url=http://www.gain.net/ |date=20190824121828 }} – national trade association for printers and companies in the graphic arts *[http://printwiki.org/ Printwiki] *[http://www.gutenberg-museum.de/index.php?id=19&language=e The development of book and printing]. English website of the Gutenberg-Museum Mainz (Germany) *[http://www.bpsnet.org.uk BPSnet British Printing Society] {{Wayback|url=http://www.bpsnet.org.uk/ |date=20150201161645 }} *[http://www.culture.tw/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1964&Itemid=157 Taiwan Culture Portal: Ri Xing Type Foundry－ preserving the true character of Chinese type] {{Wayback|url=http://www.culture.tw/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1964&Itemid=157 |date=20110524122807 }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150202031124/http://digitalcollections.library.ubc.ca/cdm/landingpage/collection/mathison A collection of printing materials from the 19th Century] – Documents printed by R. Mathison Jr., The Job Printer, in Vancouver, B.C. - UBC Library Digital Collections *[http://www.printmuseum.org/ International Printing Museum, Carson, CA, Web site] *[http://www.museumofprinting.org/ Museum of Printing, Andover, MA, Web site] [[Jamii:magazeti]] [[Jamii:teknolojia|U]] [[Jamii:vitabu]] dogg9nqwc67tbz132x28arpu9d3huck 0 80182 1606382 1464296 2026-10-08T23:30:29Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606382 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Saint Catherine's Transfiguration.jpg|thumb|280px|[[Mozaiki]] ya [[Kugeuka sura]], [[Monasteri ya Mt. Katerina]], [[Mlima Sinai]], [[Misri]].]] '''Utukufu''' (kwa [[Kiebrania]] הוד, ''hod'', na כבד, ''kabod'', "uzito"; kwa [[Kigiriki]] δόξα, ''doxa'', "tathmini"; kwa [[Kiingereza]] ''glory'' kutoka [[Kilatini]] ''gloria'', "umaarufu") ni hasa sifa ya [[Mungu]] anapojitokeza kwa [[kiumbe|viumbe]]. Katika [[Biblia]] na [[Ukristo]] utukufu ni muhimu sana, kwa sababu unatazamwa kuwa ndio lengo la [[uumbaji]]<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06585a.htm The Catholic Encyclopedia - Glory]</ref> ili kwa njia hiyo [[watu]] waokoke.<ref>''[http://www.newadvent.org/summa/3132.htm#1 ST]'', II-II, Q. 132, art. 1.</ref> Katika [[Kut]] 33:20, [[Musa]] aliambiwa mtu yeyote hawezi kuona utukufu huo na kuendelea kuishi. [[Yesu]] aliwafundisha wafuasi wake kutenda mema, ili watu wakiona wamtukuze [[Baba]] wa [[mbinguni]] ([[Math]] 5:16). Kadiri ya [[Injili Ndugu]], Yesu alionekana na [[wanafunzi]] watatu akiwa katika utukufu pamoja na Musa na [[Elia]] ([[Lk]] 9:29-32). Utukufu utashirikishwa kwa [[binadamu]] waadilifu [[ufufuko|watakapofufuliwa]] [[Kiyama|siku ya mwisho]] Kinyume cha kulenga utukufu huo kutoka kwa Mungu, mara nyingi watu wanajitafutia sifa kutoka kwa wenzao ([[Yoh]] 12:43). Ndiyo [[dhambi]] ya [[majivuno]] inayozuia [[imani]].<ref>''[http://www.newadvent.org/summa/3132.htm#1 ST]'', II-II, Q. 132, art. 4.</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Viungo vya nje== ===Waorthodoksi=== *[http://www.oca.org/FS.NA-Document.asp?ID=83 The Glorification of Saints in the Orthodox Church] by Fr. Joseph Frawley *[http://www.fatheralexander.org/booklets/english/glorification_saints.htm The Glorification of Saints] by [[Protopresbyter]] Michael Pomazansky *[http://www.roca.org/OA/14/14x.htm What Does Glorification Mean?] {{Wayback|url=http://www.roca.org/OA/14/14x.htm |date=20070614105021 }} by Fr. Alexey Young *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080515100528/http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/searchresults.aspx?kw=theosis Eastern Orthodoxy and Theosis] ===Waprotestanti=== * http://www.abideinchrist.com/keys/sanctification-perfect.html * http://www.1way2god.net/glorification.html {{Wayback|url=http://www.1way2god.net/glorification.html |date=20141007035000 }} * https://sw.godfootsteps.org/god-has-appeared-in-the-east-of-the-world-with-glory-txt.html {{mbegu-dini}} [[Category:Mungu]] [[Category:Teolojia]] ksdxt92p1e8m8w8ubum3ebqv8t6mrbv 0 85534 1606511 1424966 2026-10-09T11:12:40Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606511 wikitext text/x-wiki [[image:Vita del gran servo di Dio Angelo d'Acri, missionario, exprovinciale cappuccino, della provincia di Cosenza (1754) (14760813134).jpg|thumb|[[Mchoro]] wa [[mwaka]] [[1754]].]] '''Anjelo wa Acri, [[O.F.M.Cap.]]''' ([[jina]] la awali '''Luca Antonio Falcone'''; [[19 Oktoba]] [[1669]] - [[30 Oktoba]] [[1739]]) alikuwa [[padri]] [[Wafransisko|Mfransisko]] kutoka [[Acri]] ([[Calabria]], leo nchini [[Italia]]), maarufu kama [[mhubiri]] wa [[Neno la Mungu]] kwa [[lugha]] rahisi.<ref name=SQPN>{{cite web|url=http://catholicsaints.info/blessed-angelus-of-acri/|title=Blessed Angelus of Acri|date=9 April 2015|publisher=Saints SQPN|accessdate=5 August 2016}}</ref> [[Papa Leo XII]] alimtangaza [[mwenye heri]] [[tarehe]] [[18 Desemba]] [[1825]]<ref name=CO>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=506|title=Bl. Angelus of Acri|date=|publisher=Catholic Online|accessdate=5 August 2016}}</ref>, halafu [[Papa Fransisko]] alimtangaza [[mtakatifu]] tarehe [[15 Oktoba]] [[2017]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] 30 Oktoba<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Maisha== Kabla hajatulia [[Utawa|utawani]] alitoka mara [[mbili]], lakini hatimaye alidumu na kufanya [[kazi]] kubwa ya [[uinjilishaji]] katika [[Ufalme wa Sisilia Mbili]]<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/90306</ref>akiongoa [[watu]] wengi sana, hata akaitwa "Malaika wa [[Amani]]" na "Mtume wa Kusini".<ref name=FG>{{cite web|url=http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=60397132|title=Angelo d'Acri|publisher=Find a Grave|date=21 October 2010|accessdate=5 August 2016}}</ref> Pia alijulikana kwa sababu ya kujaliwa [[njozi]], [[kutoka nje ya nafsi]] mara kadhaa wakati wa [[Misa]], na hata kupatikana mahali pawili kwa [[wakati]] mmoja.<ref name=RC>{{cite web|url=http://www.roman-catholic-saints.com/blessed-angelo-of-acri.html|title=Blessed Angelo of Acri|date=|publisher=Roman Catholic Saints|accessdate=5 August 2016}}</ref><ref name=TA>{{cite web|url=http://www.traditioninaction.org/SOD/j152sd_AngelodAcri_10-30.shtml|title=Blessed Angelo of Acri - October 30|date=|publisher=Tradition in Action|accessdate=5 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914030611/http://www.traditioninaction.org/SOD/j152sd_AngelodAcri_10-30.shtml|archivedate=2016-09-14}}</ref> ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{Reflist}} ==Marejeo ya Kiswahili== * John Kabeya na wengine - Maisha ya Watakatifu – ed. T.M.P. Book Department – Tabora 1965, 1989, uk. 381-383 * Pd. Leandry Kimario, [[Wakapuchini|O.F.M.Cap.]] - Mfahamu Mtakatifu Somo Wako - Maisha ya Watakatifu wa Kila Siku pamoja na Watakatifu Wafransisko - Toleo la pili - Dar es Salaam 2021, uk. 553-556 ==Viungo vya nje== *[http://newsaints.faithweb.com/year/1739.htm Hagiography Circle] *[http://catholicsaints.info/blessed-angelus-of-acri/ Saints SQPN] {{mbegu-Mkristo}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Anjelo wa Acri}} [[Category:Waliozaliwa 1669]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1739]] [[Category:Wafransisko]] [[Category:Mapadri]] [[Category:Watakatifu wa Italia]] kdls3l4ox16nqk3h8boc74e5baezly0 0 147936 1606387 1216157 2026-10-09T01:19:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606387 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Volkspele001.gif|thumb|180px|Wacheza densi waliovalia mavazi ya kitamaduni wakifanya Volkspele kwenye ''saamtrek''.]] [[Picha:Volkspele003.gif|thumb|180px|Wacheza densi wa kiasili waliovalia mavazi ya kitamaduni wakifanya Volkspele wakiwa kwenye ziara barani Ulaya.]] '''Volkspele''' ni [[mchezo]] wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]] wa [[dansi|densi]] wa watu wa nchini [[Afrika Kusini]]. == Viungo vya nje == * [http://www.volkspele.co.za/ Afrikaanse Volksang en Volkspele Beweging] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Mbegu-utamaduni}} [[Jamii:Afrocuration Project 2022 Tanzania]] [[Jamii:Utamaduni wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wiki4uni]] 6j5vqzk2h06zhy6ov7a09l9zjoi6ods 0 153396 1606525 1599662 2026-10-09T11:52:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606525 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:S.Verdiana, Museo di Santa Verdiana.jpg|thumb|250px|Mt. Verdiana alivyochorwa.]] '''Verdiana wa Castelfiorentino''' (pia: '''Viridiana Attavanti'''; [[Castelfiorentino]], [[Italia]], [[1182]] - Castelfiorentino, 1 Februari [[1242]]) alikuwa [[bikira]] aliyepokewa na [[Fransisko wa Asizi]] katika [[Utawa wa Tatu wa Mt. Fransisko]] ambaye tangu [[ujana|ujanani]] hadi [[uzee|uzeeni]] aliishi kama [[mkaapweke]] akiwa amejifungia ndani<ref>http://www.santiebeati.it/dettaglio/39250 {{it}}</ref>. Tangu kale anaheshimiwa na [[Wakatoliki]] kama [[mtakatifu]]. [[Heshima]] hiyo ilithibitishwa na [[Papa Klementi VII]] [[mwaka]] [[1533]]. [[Sikukuu]] yake huadhimishwa [[tarehe]] [[1 Februari]]<ref>[[Martyrologium Romanum]]</ref>. ==Tazama pia== * [[Watakatifu wa Agano la Kale]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu wa Afrika]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Mabradha wa Shule za Kikristo]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waaugustino]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabazili]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wabenedikto]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wadominiko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wafransisko]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wajesuiti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakarmeli]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wakolumbani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wamersedari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waoratori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapasionisti]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wapremontree]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waredentori]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wasalesiani]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Waskolopi]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wateatini]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watrinitari]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Watumishi wa Maria]] * [[Orodha ya Watakatifu Wavinsenti]] ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} ==Marejeo== *Allegri, Francesca. Sante donne prime libere, Carmignani editrice, 2021 *Biagio. Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana. Plut. 20.6, 41v-44r. “Vita sanctae viridianae” (c. 1340) *Giacomini, Lorenzo. Acta Sanctorum. Feb. I, pp. 257–61. “Verdiana.” (c. 1420) *Benvenuti, Anna. “Capi d’aglio e serpenti: Aspetti civici del culto di santa Verdiana di Castelfiorentino,” La Toscane et les Toscans autour de la Renaissance: cadres de vie, société, croyances: mélanges offerts à Charles-M. de La Roncière. Aix-en-Provence: Publications de l'Université de Provence, 1999. pp. 313–349. *Benvenuti, Anna. “Mendicant Friars and Female Pinzochere in Tuscany: From Social Marginality to Models of Sanctity.” Women and Religion in Medieval and Renaissance Italy. Ed. *Daniel Bornstein and Roberto Rusconi. Trans. Margery J. Schneider. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996. pp. 84–103. *Del Re, Niccolò. “Verdiana.” Bibliotheca sanctorum. 12 vols., Rome: 1961-9., XIII, col. 1023-1027. *Improta, Maria Cristina. La Chiesa di Santa Verdiana a Castelfiorentino. Castelfiorentino: Comune di Castelfiorentino, 1986. *Wieben, Corinne. "Foster-Mother of Vipers: Episcopal Conflict and the Cult of Verdiana da Castelfiorentino." Languages of Power in Italy (1300–1600). Ed. Daniel Bornstein, Laura *Gaffuri, and Brian J. Maxson. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols, 2017. pp. 143–160. {{mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa 1182]] [[Category:Waliofariki 1242]] [[Category:Mabikira]] [[Jamii:wakaapweke]] [[Category:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:Watakatifu wa Italia]] gsgv4taqfddo4v6dz5bepxlouo24ryx 0 181656 1606249 1524797 2026-10-08T13:24:52Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606249 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruth Zaipuna''' ni Afisa Mtendaji Mkuu (Mkurugenzi Mtendaji) wa [[Benki]] ya [[NMB (Tanzania)|NMB]] Plc. Alianza taaluma yake mnamo 2002 katika kampuni ya PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) ambapo kwa muongo mmoja alibobea katika ukaguzi wa benki na taasisi nyingine za kifedha. Katika PwC, Ruth alipanda ngazi hadi ngazi ya [[Mkurugenzi]] Mshiriki.<ref>https://dailynews.co.tz/nmb-profit-crosses-half-trillion-shillings/</ref><ref>https://www.crunchbase.com/person/ruth-zaipuna</ref> == Kazi == Ruth ana zaidi ya miongo miwili ya uzoefu katika majukumu ya uongozi katika [[Benki]] na Ukaguzi na ana rekodi iliyothibitishwa katika kuanzisha na kuongoza mabadiliko, Kwa kutambua uongozi wake wa kuleta mageuzi katika kuongoza Benki na kwa kuchukua jukumu muhimu katika kuinua sekta ya benki nchini [[Tanzania]] kwa ujumla, ametajwa kuwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji Bora wa Kibenki wa Afrika (Tanzania) na Benki ya Afrika 4.0 Awards 2022 na 2023. Ruth pia alitunukiwa tuzo ya heshima ya Uongozi wa Biashara barani [[Afrika]] 2022, na Jarida la [[Uongozi]] la Afrika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/business/ruth-zaipuna-named-africa-s-2022-top-banking-ceo-3832164 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2024-05-07 |archive-date=2024-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507174542/https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/business/ruth-zaipuna-named-africa-s-2022-top-banking-ceo-3832164 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.biiafricabanksummit.com/awards/</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202207120393.html</ref>. Hapo awali Ruth aliwahi kuwa Afisa Mkuu wa Fedha (CFO) katika Benki ya NMB Plc kuanzia Juni 2018 hadi Oktoba 2019. Wakati wa utumishi wake kama CFO, Kabla ya kujiunga na Benki ya NMB mwaka 2018, Ruth alikuwa Kiongozi wa Mshirika ya Kifedha na [[Biashara]] Afrika Mashariki, Mkurugenzi Mtendaji, na CFO katika Benki ya [[Standard Chartered,|'''Standard Chartered''',]] na alifanya kazi na PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) Tanzania, katika ukaguzi kwa takriban muongo mmoja.<ref>https://ceo-roundtable.co.tz/member/national-microfinance-bank-ltd-nmb/ {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ruth ni Mkurugenzi wa Kujitegemea na Mtendaji Mkuu wa Kampuni ya Saruji ya Portland Tanzania (TPCC) na mjumbe wa Bodi ya [[Mamlaka ya Bandari Tanzania]](TPA) na [[Shirika la Maendeleo ya Petroli Tanzania]] (TPDC).<ref>https://rocketreach.co/ruth-zaipuna-email_14452996</ref>. == Elimu == Ruth ni Mhasibu Aliyeidhinishwa na Umma (ACPA (T)). Ana [[Shahada ya uzamili|Shahada ya Uzamili]] na Utawala wa Biashara (MBA) katika Fedha na Shahada ya Kwanza ya Biashara (B.Com) ya [[Uhasibu]] kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ceo-roundtable.co.tz/member/national-microfinance-bank-ltd-nmb/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507174542/https://ceo-roundtable.co.tz/member/national-microfinance-bank-ltd-nmb/ |archivedate=2024-05-07 |accessdate=2024-05-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Tanzania]] chg2ko2eofnykkjenwvnv6iqrwijjcb 1606321 1606249 2026-10-08T16:35:13Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1606321 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruth Zaipuna''' ni Afisa Mtendaji Mkuu (Mkurugenzi Mtendaji) wa [[Benki]] ya [[NMB (Tanzania)|NMB]] Plc. Alianza taaluma yake mnamo 2002 katika kampuni ya PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) ambapo kwa muongo mmoja alibobea katika ukaguzi wa benki na taasisi nyingine za kifedha. Katika PwC, Ruth alipanda ngazi hadi ngazi ya [[Mkurugenzi]] Mshiriki.<ref>https://dailynews.co.tz/nmb-profit-crosses-half-trillion-shillings/</ref><ref>https://www.crunchbase.com/person/ruth-zaipuna</ref> == Kazi == Ruth ana zaidi ya miongo miwili ya uzoefu katika majukumu ya uongozi katika [[Benki]] na Ukaguzi na ana rekodi iliyothibitishwa katika kuanzisha na kuongoza mabadiliko, Kwa kutambua uongozi wake wa kuleta mageuzi katika kuongoza Benki na kwa kuchukua jukumu muhimu katika kuinua sekta ya benki nchini [[Tanzania]] kwa ujumla, ametajwa kuwa Mkurugenzi Mtendaji Bora wa Kibenki wa Afrika (Tanzania) na Benki ya Afrika 4.0 Awards 2022 na 2023. Ruth pia alitunukiwa tuzo ya heshima ya Uongozi wa Biashara barani [[Afrika]] 2022, na Jarida la [[Uongozi]] la Afrika.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/business/ruth-zaipuna-named-africa-s-2022-top-banking-ceo-3832164 |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |accessdate=2024-05-07 |archive-date=2024-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507174542/https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/business/ruth-zaipuna-named-africa-s-2022-top-banking-ceo-3832164 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.biiafricabanksummit.com/awards/</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202207120393.html</ref>. Hapo awali Ruth aliwahi kuwa Afisa Mkuu wa Fedha (CFO) katika Benki ya NMB Plc kuanzia Juni 2018 hadi Oktoba 2019. Wakati wa utumishi wake kama CFO, Kabla ya kujiunga na Benki ya NMB mwaka 2018, Ruth alikuwa Kiongozi wa Mshirika ya Kifedha na [[Biashara]] Afrika Mashariki, Mkurugenzi Mtendaji, na CFO katika Benki ya [[Standard Chartered,|'''Standard Chartered''',]] na alifanya kazi na PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) Tanzania, katika ukaguzi kwa takriban muongo mmoja.<ref>https://ceo-roundtable.co.tz/member/national-microfinance-bank-ltd-nmb/ {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ruth ni Mkurugenzi wa Kujitegemea na Mtendaji Mkuu wa Kampuni ya Saruji ya Portland Tanzania (TPCC) na mjumbe wa Bodi ya [[Mamlaka ya Bandari Tanzania]](TPA) na [[Shirika la Maendeleo ya Petroli Tanzania]] (TPDC).<ref>https://rocketreach.co/ruth-zaipuna-email_14452996</ref>. == Elimu == Ruth ni Mhasibu Aliyeidhinishwa na Umma (ACPA (T)). Ana [[Shahada ya uzamili|Shahada ya Uzamili]] na Utawala wa Biashara (MBA) katika Fedha na Shahada ya Kwanza ya Biashara (B.Com) ya [[Uhasibu]] kutoka [[Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=https://ceo-roundtable.co.tz/member/national-microfinance-bank-ltd-nmb/ |title=Nakala iliyohifadhiwa |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507174542/https://ceo-roundtable.co.tz/member/national-microfinance-bank-ltd-nmb/ |archivedate=2024-05-07 |accessdate=2024-05-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Tanzania]] r724du7zzrxsaqw6uu6w68wtmb37vw7 0 200710 1606239 1524728 2026-10-08T13:12:39Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606239 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ruggero Franceschini''', [[Wakapuchini|OFMCap]] ([[1 Septemba]] [[1939]] – [[30 Desemba]] [[2024]]) alikuwa [[askofu mkuu]] wa [[İzmir|Smirna]] kutoka [[Italia]] wa [[Kanisa Katoliki]].<ref name="avvenire.it">{{Rejea tovuti|date=30 December 2024|title=Il lutto. Morto l'arcivescovo emerito di Smirne Ruggero Franceschini|url=https://www.avvenire.it/chiesa/pagine/morto-arcivescovo-emerito-smirne-ruggero-franceschini|access-date=31 December 2024|website=www.avvenire.it|language=it|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241231031930/https://www.avvenire.it/chiesa/pagine/morto-arcivescovo-emerito-smirne-ruggero-franceschini|archivedate=2024-12-31|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-Mkristo}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1939]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2024]] [[Jamii:Wafransisko]] [[Jamii:wamisionari]] [[Jamii:Maaskofu Wakatoliki wa Italia]] 21lky2kxevokcruxozvgksxuk088v7v 0 200895 1606329 1397078 2026-10-08T17:05:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606329 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Simon Thomas.jpg|thumb|Thomas akiwa na Vancouver Whitecaps mwaka 2013]] '''Simon Edmund Thomas''' (alizaliwa Aprili 12, [[1990]]) ni [[Mchezaji]] wa kitaalamu wa [[soka]] kutoka [[Kanada]] ambaye anacheza kama [[Kipa]] kwa klabu ya [[Norwei]] Tromsø IL.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.whitecapsfc.com/archive/feature08140801.aspx |title= Whitecaps call up 4 Residency players|website=www.whitecapsfc.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080917224207/http://www.whitecapsfc.com/archive/feature08140801.aspx |archive-date=September 17, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://calgaryherald.com/sports/simon-thomas-tends-the-net-for-calgary-foothills-u23-squad |title=Simon Thomas tends the net for Calgary Foothills U23 squad |publisher=Calgary Herald|date=May 6, 2014 |accessdate=June 22, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rednationonline.ca/Articles2015/CanucksAbroad2015reviewofNorwaysTippeligan.aspx|title=Canucks Abroad: 2015 review of Norway's Tippeligan|author=Oscar Melander|publisher=[[Red Nation Online]]|date=November 24, 2015|accessdate=September 20, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811051645/http://www.rednationonline.ca/Articles2015/CanucksAbroad2015reviewofNorwaysTippeligan.aspx|archivedate=2022-08-11|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1990|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Kanada]] miftyuhngm40vd5id9zc50bygnbyyob 2 201370 1606374 1400187 2026-10-08T21:18:32Z ~2026-54224-77 93029 Mpangilio, Nimeongeza Taarifa za Elimu na Majukumu 1606374 wikitext text/x-wiki UTANGULIZI: Sikudhani Yahaya Damian, Jinsia (Me) alizaliwa tarehe 24/04/1986 katika Mtaa wa Kalangala Wilaya ya Geita na Mkoa wa Mwanza, ni mtoto wa kwanza katika familia yenye watoto wawili, kabila ni Msukuma Elimu ya awali alisoma katika shule ya msingi Ikulwa iliyoko Wilaya ya Geita mwaka 1994 hadi 2001 alipochaguliwa kujiunga na Kidato cha kwanza katika Shule ya Sekondari Kalangala wilayani Geita mwaka 2002 na kumaliza elimu yangu ya Sekondari mwaka 2006. Baadae aliendelea na kidato cha tano na sita katika Shule ya Sekondari Bihawana mwaka 2007 na 2009 akisomea mchapuo wa Kilimo yaani CBA, (Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture ). Mwaka 2010 alifanikiwa kujiunga na Jeshi la Polisi Tanzania na kupata Mafunzo katika Chuo Cha Polisi Moshi na mwezi 8 mwaka 2010 aliajiriwa na Jeshi la Polisi na kuanza kazi kwa cheo kidogo Jeshini cha Police Constable. Akiwa Jeshini amewahi kutunukiwa nishani mbalimbali za utendaji uliotukuka kwa uadilifu na nidhamu ya juu katika Ofisi ya Kamanda Mkoa wa Dodoma, Ofisi ya Mkuu wa Polisi Wilaya ya Kongwa na Ofisi ya Mkuu wa Polisi Wilaya ya Chemba Mkoa wa Dodoma. Mnamo mwaka 2012 alijiendeleza ki masomo na kujiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha Kilimo Sokoine Morogoro kwa ngazi ya Shahada ya Elimu ya kilimo kuanzia 2012 hadi 2015 na kutunukiwa Shahada ya Sayansi ya Kilimo Elimu (BSc Agriculture Education). Mwaka 2022 alifanikiwa kujiunga na Chuo cha Mipango na Maendeleo Vijijini Dodoma (IRDP) nakufanikiwa kupata kuhitimu Shahada ya Uzamili ya Mipango ya Miradi, Tathimini na Ufuatiliaji (MPPME) mwaka 2024. Katika Utumishi wake amewahi kuwa Katibu (PS) Staff one katika Ofisi ya Kamanda Mkoa wa Dodoma kuanzia 2017/2019. Amefanikiwa kufanya kazi katika Kitengo cha Intelijensia ya Jeshi la Polisi Mkoa wa Dodoma akiwa kama Operation Office 2019 hadi mwaka 2020. Mwaka 2020 alipandishwa Cheo kutoka PC na kuwa SGT wa Jeshi la Polisi mnamo mwaka 2021 alipandishwa Cheo kutoka SGT na kuwa A/INSP Mwaka 2025 alipandishwa Cheo kutoka A/INSP na kuwa INSP Msomi aliyefanikiwa kuandika tafiti mbali mbali kuhusiana na maendeleo ya Kilimo Nchini fuatilia kwenye ukurasa wa LinkedIn. Mkurugenzi wa Kampuni DAGRADA AGRO COMPANY LIMITED inayojishughulisha na masuala ya kilimo Nchini. Mwanzilishi wa Taasisi ya CRIME SOLUTION CENTER inayojishughulisha na uandaji tafiti mbali mbali kuhusu ukuaji wa uhalifu Nchini Tanzania.Taasisi hii imejikita katika kufanya utafiti utakao saidia kuzuia na kupambana na uhalifu Nchini Tanzania. mxlyn7s334gwwvka0aqjfcrei3c965f 1606375 1606374 2026-10-08T21:31:26Z ~2026-54224-77 93029 /* */ mapangilio 1606375 wikitext text/x-wiki UTANGULIZI: Sikudhani Yahaya Damian, Jinsia (Me) alizaliwa tarehe 24-04-1986 katika Mtaa wa Kalangala Wilaya ya Geita na Mkoa wa Mwanza, ni mtoto wa kwanza katika familia yenye watoto wawili, kabila ni Msukuma Elimu ya awali alisoma katika shule ya msingi Ikulwa iliyoko Wilaya ya Geita mwaka 1994 hadi 2001 alipochaguliwa kujiunga na Kidato cha kwanza katika Shule ya Sekondari Kalangala wilayani Geita mwaka 2002 na kumaliza elimu ya Sekondari Mwaka 2006. Baadae aliendelea na kidato cha tano na sita katika Shule ya Sekondari Bihawana mwaka 2007 na 2009 akisomea mchapuo wa Kilimo yaani CBA, (Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture ). Mwaka 2010 alifanikiwa kujiunga na Jeshi la Polisi Tanzania na kupata Mafunzo katika Chuo Cha Polisi Moshi na mwezi 8 mwaka 2010 aliajiriwa na Jeshi la Polisi na kuanza kazi kituo cha kazi Wilaya ya Kongwa Dodoma. Mnamo mwaka 2012 alijiendeleza ki masomo na kujiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha Kilimo Sokoine Morogoro kwa ngazi ya Shahada ya Elimu ya kilimo kuanzia 2012 hadi 2015 na kutunukiwa Shahada ya Sayansi ya Kilimo Elimu (BSc Agriculture Education). Mwaka 2022 alifanikiwa kujiunga na Chuo cha Mipango na Maendeleo Vijijini Dodoma (IRDP) nakufanikiwa kupata kuhitimu Shahada ya Uzamili ya Mipango ya Miradi, Tathimini na Ufuatiliaji (MPPME) mwaka 2024. Katika Utumishi wake amewahi kuwa Katibu (PS) Staff one katika Ofisi ya Kamanda Mkoa wa Dodoma kuanzia 2017/2019. Amefanikiwa kufanya kazi katika Kitengo cha Intelijensia ya Jeshi la Polisi Mkoa wa Dodoma akiwa kama Operation Office 2019 hadi mwaka 2020. Mwaka 2020 alipandishwa Cheo kutoka PC na kuwa SGT wa Jeshi la Polisi mnamo mwaka 2021 alipandishwa Cheo kutoka SGT na kuwa A/INSP Mwaka 2025 alipandishwa Cheo kutoka A/INSP na kuwa INSP Msomi aliyefanikiwa kuandika tafiti mbali mbali kuhusiana na maendeleo ya Kilimo Nchini fuatilia kwenye ukurasa wa LinkedIn. Mkurugenzi wa Kampuni DAGRADA AGRO COMPANY LIMITED inayojishughulisha na masuala ya kilimo Nchini. Mwanzilishi wa Taasisi ya CRIME SOLUTION CENTER inayojishughulisha na uandaji tafiti mbali mbali kuhusu ukuaji wa uhalifu Nchini Tanzania.Taasisi hii imejikita katika kufanya utafiti utakao saidia kuzuia na kupambana na uhalifu Nchini Tanzania. Akiwa Jeshini amewahi kutunukiwa nishani mbalimbali za kiutendaji kwa uadilifu na nidhamu ya juu akifanya kazi Ofisi ya Kamanda Mkoa wa Dodoma 2017/2019 Ofisi ya Intelijensia Mkoa wa Dodoma 2020/2021 Ofisi ya Mkuu wa Polisi Wilaya ya Kongwa 2010/2017 na Ofisi ya Mkuu wa Polisi Wilaya ya Chemba 2021/2026 Mkoa wa Dodoma. hemmccvd78ir6pqww0dxhre0ai9vuf0 4 208508 1606237 1605950 2026-10-08T13:11:45Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1606237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-10-08) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-10-08)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 484 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 737 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2972 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 654 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 480 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 433 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 357 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 397 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 392 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 332 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 392 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 211 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 577 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 249 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 337 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 327 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 253 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Bhutan]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 425 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35086 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 13909 || ↑ +37.3% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.6 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 79.9 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Kenya]] || 723 || ↑ +46.1% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 654 || ↑ +4.0% |- | 3 || [[Korea Kusini]] || 577 || ↑ +287.2% |- | 4 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 433 || ↑ +41.0% |- | 5 || [[Komori]] || 425 || ↑ +286.4% |- | 6 || [[Burundi]] || 392 || ↑ +7.4% |- | 7 || [[Ethiopia]] || 345 || ↑ +32.2% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 337 || ↑ +4.7% |- | 9 || [[Israeli]] || 280 || ↑ +22.8% |- | 10 || [[Madagaska]] || 253 || ↑ +266.7% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 485 || 39.1% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 362 || 29.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 156 || 12.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 94 || 7.6% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- |} i8c19vyk51clwg0z6xw3kdqom4on9zj 1606380 1606237 2026-10-08T23:08:49Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1606380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-10-08) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-10-08)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 484 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 723 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2972 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 654 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 480 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 433 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 345 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 397 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 392 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 332 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 381 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 211 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 577 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 249 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 337 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 327 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 253 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 425 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35086 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 13909 || ↑ +37.3% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.6 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 79.9 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Kenya]] || 723 || ↑ +46.1% |- | 2 || [[Marekani]] || 654 || ↑ +4.0% |- | 3 || [[Korea Kusini]] || 577 || ↑ +287.2% |- | 4 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 433 || ↑ +41.0% |- | 5 || [[Komori]] || 425 || ↑ +286.4% |- | 6 || [[Burundi]] || 392 || ↑ +7.4% |- | 7 || [[Ethiopia]] || 345 || ↑ +32.2% |- | 8 || [[Uturuki]] || 337 || ↑ +4.7% |- | 9 || [[Israeli]] || 280 || ↑ +22.8% |- | 10 || [[Madagaska]] || 253 || ↑ +266.7% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 485 || 39.1% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 362 || 29.2% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 156 || 12.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 94 || 7.6% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- |} 53ifafx8uxf2qxgghoupeagdrynfn73 1606381 1606380 2026-10-08T23:10:47Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1606381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-10-08) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-10-08)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 484 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 723 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2972 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 654 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 480 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 433 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 187 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 209 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 345 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 397 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 392 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 146 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 196 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 130 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 332 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 170 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 381 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 211 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 148 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 577 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 179 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 126 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 252 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 254 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 249 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 125 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 337 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 122 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 168 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 327 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 217 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 117 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 253 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 141 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 240 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 118 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 155 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 156 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 201 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 134 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 425 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 136 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 139 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 81 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 91 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 103 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 92 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 78 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 227 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 59 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 154 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 109 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 35 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 127 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 38 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 22 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 34 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 11 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 14 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 82 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 26 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 30 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35088 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 24245 || ↑ +27.2% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.7 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 139.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2972 || ↓ -10.2% |- | 2 || [[Kenya]] || 723 || ↑ +46.1% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 654 || ↑ +4.0% |- | 4 || [[Korea Kusini]] || 577 || ↑ +287.2% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 484 || ↑ +21.0% |- | 6 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 433 || ↑ +41.0% |- | 7 || [[Komori]] || 425 || ↑ +286.4% |- | 8 || [[Urusi]] || 397 || ↑ +34.1% |- | 9 || [[Burundi]] || 392 || ↑ +7.4% |- | 10 || [[Uingereza]] || 381 || ↑ +28.3% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 485 || 39.0% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 362 || 29.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 157 || 12.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 94 || 7.6% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- |} 8zoidj8jhdqv91xnn5h5s7p55y46vmq 1606418 1606381 2026-10-09T05:24:03Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 CAQI Bot updated with page views column 1606418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-10-09) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-10-09)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 484 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 730 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2978 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 658 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 469 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 420 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 204 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 365 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 396 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 384 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 215 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 221 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 336 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 379 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 206 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 586 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 261 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 242 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 326 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 216 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 199 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 220 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35088 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 24245 || ↑ +27.2% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.7 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 139.3 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Tanzania]] || 2972 || ↓ -10.2% |- | 2 || [[Kenya]] || 723 || ↑ +46.1% |- | 3 || [[Marekani]] || 654 || ↑ +4.0% |- | 4 || [[Korea Kusini]] || 577 || ↑ +287.2% |- | 5 || [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] || 484 || ↑ +21.0% |- | 6 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 433 || ↑ +41.0% |- | 7 || [[Komori]] || 425 || ↑ +286.4% |- | 8 || [[Urusi]] || 397 || ↑ +34.1% |- | 9 || [[Burundi]] || 392 || ↑ +7.4% |- | 10 || [[Uingereza]] || 381 || ↑ +28.3% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 485 || 39.0% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 362 || 29.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 157 || 12.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 94 || 7.6% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- |} lswtaef2lo4wwo1blv53z2lzvlvad98 1606419 1606418 2026-10-09T05:38:18Z Gayle-Bot 78697 Sasisha Takwimu za mradi 1606419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Redirect|WP:Mradi/Nchi|maelezo kuhusu nchi|nchi}} {{Kigezo:Mradi/Nchi}} == Yaliyomo == <div style="margin: 1em 0; background-color:#E0F8E0; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; padding: 12px 16px; border-radius: 2px; border-left: 5px solid #a2a9b1; line-height: 1.6;"> Kuna mradi mpya wa kujadili majina ya makala za nchi katika Kiswahili. Ili kushiriki, angalia [[WP:Mradi wa Nchi/Majina ya Nchi]]. [[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|<div style="display: inline; font-family: 'Georgia', serif; color: #4A90E2;">'''<i>Gayle157^2.0</i>'''</div>]] ([[Mtumiaji:Gayle157|Mtumiaji]]) 13:46, 14 Mei 2026 (UTC) </div> == Mwongozo == ===Sanduku/Jedwali la taarifa=== '''Sanduku la taarifa''' kwa kawaida huonekana kando ya makala katika mwonekano wa [[kompyuta]], ilhali katika mwonekano wa simu huenda likaonekana baada ya aya ya kwanza ya utangulizi. Hutoa muhtasari mfupi wa mambo muhimu kuhusu nchi na husaidia wasomaji kuelewa kwa haraka taarifa muhimu zaidi. Katika [[Wikipedia ya Kiswahili]], sanduku la taarifa la kawaida linalotumiwa kwa makala za nchi ni '''<nowiki>{{Jedwali la nchi}}</nowiki>'''. Ni muhimu kujumuisha [[tarehe]] na marejeo kwa data zote za kihalisi ili masasisho yaweze kufanywa kwa urahisi na kwa usahihi. Sanduku la taarifa linapaswa kuwa na angalau vigezo 20 pale inapowezekana. ===Utangulizi=== {{Main|Wikipedia:Sehemu ya Utangulizi}} Sehemu hii hutoa muhtasari wa jumla wa nchi na kufupisha mambo makuu yanayoshughulikiwa katika makala. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu zifuatazo: ====Aya ya Utangulizi==== Hii ndiyo aya ya kwanza ya makala. Inapaswa kuwa na maelezo muhimu zaidi, kama vile [[jina rasmi]], nchi jirani, idadi ya watu, ukubwa wa eneo la [[jiografia|kijiografia]], jiji kubwa zaidi, [[mji mkuu]], na [[lugha rasmi]]. Huenda pia ikajumuisha maelezo mafupi kuhusu kile ambacho nchi hiyo inajulikana nacho. Aya ya mwanzo inapaswa kuwa wazi, rahisi, na iliyoandikwa vizuri, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuwa na ukubwa wa takribani baiti 500 hadi 800. Mfano: </br> {{Blockquote| '''Kanada''', ni [[nchi]] iliyoko katika [[Amerika ya Kaskazini]]. Inapakana na [[Bahari ya Atlantiki]] mashariki, [[Bahari ya Pasifiki]] magharibi, [[Bahari ya Aktiki]] kaskazini, na [[Marekani]] bara kusini. Kanada ina idadi ya wakazi takriban milioni 41 mwaka 2025 na kuwa ya 37 duniani kwa idadi ya watu, huku ikiwa na eneo la pili kubwa zaidi duniani baada ya [[Urusi]]. Mji mkuu ni [[Ottawa]], na jiji kubwa zaidi ni [[Toronto]], likifuatiwa na [[Montreal]] na [[Vancouver]]. Lugha rasmi ni [[Kiingereza]] na [[Kifaransa]], na Kanada inajulikana kwa msitu na maziwa yake mengi, mfumo wa [[siasa|kisiasa]] wa [[demokrasia|kidemokrasia]] wa kifederali, utofauti wa [[Utamaduni|kitamaduni]], viwango vya juu vya maisha, na kuwa miongoni mwa mataifa tajiri na yenye ushawishi mkubwa duniani.}} ====Aya zinazofuata==== Aya hizi zinapaswa kuendelea kufupisha nchi kwa kuzungumzia kwa ufupi mada kama [[historia]], [[jiografia]], [[uchumi]], [[siasa]], na maendeleo ya sasa. Zinapaswa kubaki fupi na zenye taarifa muhimu, bila kuwa ndefu kupita kiasi. Kwa hakika, kunapaswa kuwa na angalau aya mbili na zisizozidi nne katika sehemu ya utangulizi ili kudumisha usomaji rahisi na kuboresha urambazaji. Hakuna picha zinazopaswa kuwekwa katika sehemu hii. ===Mwili=== Hii ndiyo sehemu kuu ya makala na ina taarifa za kina kuhusu nchi. Kwa kawaida hugawanywa katika sehemu kuu zilizopangwa kwa mpangilio wa kimantiki. Mwili unapaswa kuwa na maudhui ya kutosha ili kuwa na manufaa, lakini haupaswi kuwa mrefu kupita kiasi au kumchosha msomaji. Picha zinazohusiana zinaweza kuongezwa katika kila sehemu ili kuboresha uwazi na uwasilishaji. ====Asili ya jina==== Sehemu hii inaeleza chanzo na maana ya jina la nchi. ====Historia==== Hii kwa kawaida ndiyo sehemu kuu ya kwanza ya mwili na inashughulikia matukio makuu ya kihistoria ya nchi. Inaweza kugawanywa katika sehemu ndogo kama vile historia ya awali, historia ya mwanzo, kipindi cha ukoloni, uhuru, na kuundwa kwa taifa la kisasa. ====Jiografia==== Sehemu hii ina taarifa kuhusu sifa za kijiografia za nchi, ikiwa ni pamoja na [[topografia]], [[hali ya hewa]], mifumo ya maji, maeneo asilia, na sifa nyingine za kijiografia. Husaidia wasomaji kuelewa mahali nchi ilipo na mazingira yake ya asili. ====Demografia==== Sehemu hii inawasilisha taarifa za kitakwimu kuhusu idadi ya watu. Huenda ikajumuisha [[Kabila]], [[dini]], [[lugha]], usambazaji wa watu, miji, na data nyingine zinazohusiana. ====Uchumi==== Sehemu hii inaeleza hali ya kiuchumi ya nchi, katika historia na wakati wa sasa. Huenda ikahusu [[Pato la taifa]] (GDP), ukuaji wa uchumi, ajira, [[umaskini]], [[viwanda]], [[biashara]], na vyanzo vikuu vya mapato. ====Serikali na siasa==== Sehemu hii inaeleza mfumo wa sasa wa kisiasa na muundo wa serikali ya nchi. Huenda pia ikajadili aina za awali za serikali, historia ya kisiasa, na changamoto kuu za kisiasa. ====Utamaduni==== Sehemu hii inashughulikia maisha ya kitamaduni ya nchi, ikijumuisha [[mila]], [[chakula|vyakula]], [[muziki]], [[fasihi]], [[sanaa]], [[dini]], na alama za kitaifa. ====Tazama pia==== Sehemu hii ina viungo vya makala zinazohusiana na mada husika. ====Marejeo==== Sehemu hii inaorodhesha vyanzo vilivyotumiwa katika makala. Huenda ikajumuisha nukuu za marejeo, bibliografia, na usomaji zaidi inapofaa. ====Viungo vya nje==== Sehemu hii hutoa viungo vya tovuti rasmi na nyenzo nyingine za nje zilizoaminika zinazohusiana na nchi hiyo. == Makala == {{Chati ya duara | caption= CAQI (2026-10-09) | label1 = Makala Bora | value1 = 7 | color1= green | label2 = Makala Nzuri | value2 = 9 | color2= yellow | label3 = Makala Msingi | value3 = 64 | color3= orange | label4 = Makala ya Chini | value4 = 71 | color4= lightblue | label5 = Mbegu | value5 = 26 | color5= red }} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nchi ! CAQI (2026-10-09)<br /> ! Mitazamo (siku 30)<br /> |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:green" | Makala Bora |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] | 9.56 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 484 |- | [[Kenya]] | 9.44 | style="background-color:#228B22; color:white" | 730 |- | [[Tanzania]] | 9.17 | style="background-color:#006400; color:white" | 2978 |- | [[Ghana]] | 8.93 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Marekani]] | 8.76 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 658 |- | [[Jumuiya ya Afrika Mashariki|EAC]] | 8.25 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 469 |- | [[Afrika Kusini]] | 8.10 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 420 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:yellow" | Makala Nzuri |- | [[Hispania]] | 7.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 184 |- | [[Irani]] | 7.62 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 204 |- | [[Ethiopia]] | 7.58 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 365 |- | [[Urusi]] | 7.54 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 396 |- | [[Burundi]] | 7.36 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 384 |- | [[Sudan Kusini]] | 7.28 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 150 |- | [[Nigeria]] | 7.26 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 215 |- | [[Australia]] | 7.15 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 194 |- | [[Somalia]] | 7.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 128 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:orange" | Makala Msingi |- | [[Senegal]] | 6.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 102 |- | [[Ufaransa]] | 6.68 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 221 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Watu wa China]] | 6.52 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 336 |- | [[Italia]] | 6.23 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 167 |- | [[Uingereza]] | 6.15 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 379 |- | [[Falme za Kiarabu]] | 6.08 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 140 |- | [[Laos]] | 5.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Norwei]] | 5.77 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 123 |- | [[Rwanda]] | 5.49 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 206 |- | [[Korea Kaskazini]] | 5.44 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 145 |- | [[Mali]] | 5.42 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Korea Kusini]] | 5.34 | style="background-color:#3CB371; color:white" | 586 |- | [[Ufini]] | 5.20 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 86 |- | [[Uswisi]] | 5.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 111 |- | [[Israeli]] | 5.15 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 280 |- | [[Ufalme wa Muungano]] | 5.05 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 176 |- | [[Cabo Verde]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Zambia]] | 4.89 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Ujerumani]] | 4.83 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 261 |- | [[Niger]] | 4.79 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 75 |- | [[Misri]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 241 |- | [[Uganda]] | 4.78 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 256 |- | [[Afghanistan]] | 4.70 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 99 |- | [[Shelisheli]] | 4.68 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 160 |- | [[Japani]] | 4.66 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 242 |- | [[San Marino]] | 4.63 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 40 |- | [[Chad]] | 4.59 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 70 |- | [[Austria]] | 4.49 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Kamerun]] | 4.48 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Uturuki]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 344 |- | [[Vatikani]] | 4.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 152 |- | [[Gine Bisau]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Ukraini]] | 4.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 61 |- | [[Sudan]] | 4.39 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Uswidi]] | 4.30 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Uholanzi]] | 4.26 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Kanada]] | 4.17 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 178 |- | [[Kamboja]] | 4.14 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Moroko]] | 4.13 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 165 |- | [[Uhindi]] | 4.07 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 326 |- | [[Malawi]] | 4.05 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 216 |- | [[Pakistani]] | 3.98 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Ubelgiji]] | 3.92 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Udeni]] | 3.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 64 |- | [[Burkina Faso]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 120 |- | [[Madagaska]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 255 |- | [[Ugiriki]] | 3.84 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 151 |- | [[Bulgaria]] | 3.82 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Vietnam]] | 3.81 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 84 |- | [[Ureno]] | 3.79 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Isilandi]] | 3.77 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Msumbiji]] | 3.76 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 244 |- | [[Aljeria]] | 3.73 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Vanuatu]] | 3.72 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kazakhstan]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Malta]] | 3.65 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 71 |- | [[Indonesia]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 108 |- | [[Nepal]] | 3.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 121 |- | [[Singapuri]] | 3.63 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 119 |- | [[Papua Guinea Mpya]] | 3.61 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Eritrea]] | 3.60 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 158 |- | [[Uthai]] | 3.58 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 77 |- | [[Angola]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Hong Kong]] | 3.52 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:lightblue" | Makala ya Chini |- | [[Fiji]] | 3.46 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 80 |- | [[Ufalme wa Udeni]] | 3.44 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Palestina]] | 3.43 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 199 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Afrika ya Kati]] | 3.38 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 113 |- | [[Syria]] | 3.35 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Latvia]] | 3.30 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 115 |- | [[Myanmar]] | 3.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Botswana]] | 3.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 129 |- | [[Komori]] | 3.21 | style="background-color:#90EE90; color:black" | 435 |- | [[Liberia]] | 3.16 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Eswatini]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 94 |- | [[Morisi]] | 3.11 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 112 |- | [[Jibuti]] | 3.09 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 138 |- | [[Omani]] | 3.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Polandi]] | 3.03 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 96 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] | 3.02 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 137 |- | [[Kosovo]] | 2.99 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Benin]] | 2.93 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 83 |- | [[Brunei]] | 2.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 98 |- | [[Jamhuri ya Kongo]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 143 |- | [[Qatar]] | 2.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 93 |- | [[Saudia]] | 2.90 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 106 |- | [[Gine ya Ikweta]] | 2.89 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Lesotho]] | 2.88 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 88 |- | [[Nyuzilandi]] | 2.86 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 57 |- | [[Hungaria]] | 2.84 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Sierra Leone]] | 2.82 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 131 |- | [[Eire]] | 2.80 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Liechtenstein]] | 2.78 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 32 |- | [[Bhutan]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Gabon]] | 2.74 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 76 |- | [[Azerbaijan]] | 2.69 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 67 |- | [[Kroatia]] | 2.68 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Slovenia]] | 2.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 47 |- | [[Namibia]] | 2.65 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Tunisia]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Ufilipino]] | 2.64 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 116 |- | [[Kodivaa]] | 2.60 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Jamhuri ya China]] | 2.54 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Moldova]] | 2.52 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Bahrain]] | 2.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Luxemburg]] | 2.49 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 49 |- | [[Masedonia Kaskazini]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 50 |- | [[Yordani]] | 2.48 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 90 |- | [[Mongolia]] | 2.42 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 114 |- | [[Belarus]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 37 |- | [[Serbia]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 55 |- | [[Turkmenistan]] | 2.41 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Gambia]] | 2.39 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Iraki]] | 2.37 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 87 |- | [[Timor ya Mashariki]] | 2.34 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Tuvalu]] | 2.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 28 |- | [[Sri Lanka]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Yemen]] | 2.32 | style="background-color:#C8E6C9; color:black" | 220 |- | [[Andorra]] | 2.30 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 43 |- | [[Nchi iliyoendelea]] | 2.27 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Kirgizia]] | 2.26 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 53 |- | [[Romania]] | 2.25 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 60 |- | [[Sao Tome na Principe]] | 2.23 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 54 |- | [[Bangladesh]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 153 |- | [[Bosnia na Herzegovina]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 56 |- | [[Libya]] | 2.22 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 107 |- | [[Armenia]] | 2.19 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 68 |- | [[Welisi]] | 2.14 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 66 |- | [[Ucheki]] | 2.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 42 |- | [[Sahara ya Magharibi]] | 2.10 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 52 |- | [[Uzbekistan]] | 2.09 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 33 |- | [[Kuwait]] | 2.07 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 69 |- | [[Malaysia]] | 2.06 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 133 |- | [[Kupro]] | 2.04 | style="background-color:#FFA500; color:black" | 100 |- | [[Maldivi]] | 2.02 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | colspan="3" style="background-color:red" | Mbegu |- | [[Visiwa vya Cook]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Montenegro]] | 1.99 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Nauru]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 36 |- | [[Ossetia Kusini]] | 1.98 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 10 |- | [[Togo]] | 1.95 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 95 |- | [[Albania]] | 1.92 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 65 |- | [[Mauritania]] | 1.91 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 58 |- | [[Samoa]] | 1.82 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Jiko la ardhini]] | 1.80 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 5 |- | [[Georgia]] | 1.72 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 63 |- | [[Polynesia ya Kifaransa]] | 1.71 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 13 |- | [[Lituanya]] | 1.69 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 48 |- | [[Gine]] | 1.67 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 79 |- | [[Niue]] | 1.66 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 39 |- | [[Abkhazia]] | 1.58 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Tajikistan]] | 1.55 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 72 |- | [[Palau]] | 1.53 | style="background-color:#FF4444; color:white" | 62 |- | [[Visiwa vya Solomon]] | 1.51 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 23 |- | [[Gibraltar]] | 1.41 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Estonia]] | 1.40 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 46 |- | [[Kiribati]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 29 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana ya Kaskazini]] | 1.38 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 16 |- | [[Samoa ya Marekani]] | 1.36 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 19 |- | [[Slovakia]] | 1.33 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 44 |- | [[Visiwa vya Mariana]] | 1.25 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 9 |- | [[Tonga]] | 1.11 | style="background-color:#8B0000; color:white" | 25 |} ==Takwimu== ===Takwimu za Jumla=== {| class="wikitable" ! Vipimo !! Jumla !! Mabadiliko |- | Jumla ya Makala || 174 || — |- | Jumla ya Hariri (siku zote) || 35088 || — |- | Jumla ya Mitazamo (siku 30) || 7398 || ↑ +29.3% |- | Wastani wa Hariri kwa Makala || 201.7 || — |- | Wastani wa Mitazamo kwa Makala || 42.5 || — |} ===Makala 10 Zilizotazamwa Zaidi (siku 30)=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Nafasi !! Makala !! Mitazamo !! Mabadiliko |- | 1 || [[Kenya]] || 713 || ↑ +40.4% |- | 2 || [[Komori]] || 424 || ↑ +282.0% |- | 3 || [[Afrika Kusini]] || 420 || ↑ +30.0% |- | 4 || [[Burundi]] || 373 || ↓ -0.5% |- | 5 || [[Uturuki]] || 344 || ↑ +3.9% |- | 6 || [[Madagaska]] || 255 || ↑ +269.6% |- | 7 || [[Malawi]] || 216 || ↑ +66.2% |- | 8 || [[Nigeria]] || 215 || ↑ +28.7% |- | 9 || [[Australia]] || 194 || ↑ +35.7% |- | 10 || [[Hispania]] || 184 || ↑ +35.3% |- |} ====Wahariri==== Wahariri kuu wa Mradi wa Nchi wa Wikipedia (siku 365) {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Namba !! Jina !! Hariri !! Asilimia |- | 1 || [[User:Gayle157|Gayle157]] || 485 || 39.0% |- | 2 || [[User:Gayle-Bot|Gayle-Bot]] || 362 || 29.1% |- | 3 || [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]] || 157 || 12.6% |- | 4 || [[User:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] || 94 || 7.6% |- | 5 || [[User:Iepsep43|Iepsep43]] || 12 || 1.0% |- | 6 || [[User:Pristome|Pristome]] || 10 || 0.8% |- | 7 || [[User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] || 9 || 0.7% |- | 8 || [[User:That Js Not Dead|That Js Not Dead]] || 8 || 0.6% |- | 9 || [[User:Àncilu|Àncilu]] || 7 || 0.6% |- | 10 || [[User:CSGinger14|CSGinger14]] || 6 || 0.5% |- |} hdj6qiqd9uc13xiitql6qkln49kkxxl 0 215111 1606432 1583849 2026-10-09T07:59:25Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mtu |rangi = |jina = Alberto Maria Genovese |picha = Alberto Maria Genovese.jpg |maelezo_ya_picha = |jina la kuzaliwa = |alizaliwa = 28 Mei [[1977]] |alikufa = |nchi = |kazi yake = |ndoa = |wazazi = |watoto = |tovuti rasmi = }} '''Alberto Maria Genovese''' (amezaliwa [[Napoli]], [[28 Mei]] [[1977]]) ni [[mjasiriamali]] kutoka [[Italia]]. Anajulikana kama “mfalme wa startups” kutokana na miradi yake katika sekta hiyo. Ni mwanzilishi wa Facile.it na Prima Assicurazioni. == Wasifu == Baada ya kuhitimu shahada ya Uchumi wa Biashara katika Chuo Kikuu cha "Luigi Bocconi" mjini Milano, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=it|author=Sky TG24|url=https://tg24.sky.it/cronaca/approfondimenti/alberto-genovese-chi-e|title=Chi è Alberto Genovese, l'imprenditore accusato di stupro|date=2021-10-27}}</ref> mwaka 1999 alianza kazi katika Goldman Sachs. Kisha alifanya kazi [[McKinsey & Company]] na Bain &amp;amp; Company . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=it-IT|url=https://www.money.it/Chi-e-Alberto-Genovese-Biografia-carriera-fondatore-Facile-it|title=Chi è Alberto Genovese? Biografia e carriera dell’imprenditore condannato a 8 anni di carcere|date=2023-05-24}}</ref> Kuanzia 2005 hadi 2009 alikuwa kiongozi wa kitengo cha ''Motors and New Businesses'' katika eBay. <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|language=it-IT|author=Giovanni Iozzia|url=https://forbes.it/2020/04/16/alberto-genovese-fondatore-di-facile-it-e-prima-assicurazioni/|title=Assicurazioni, investimenti e startup: il passato di Alberto Genovese, fondatore di Facile.it|date=2020-04-16}}</ref> === Shughuli za biashara === Mnamo 2008, sanjari na mwisho wa uzoefu wake katika eBay, Genovese ilianzisha Facile.it (hapo awali iliitwa Assicurazione.it), kilinganishi cha bima na bidhaa za kifedha. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=it|url=https://finanza.repubblica.it/News/2011/04/14/servizi_nasce_facile_it_nuovo_comparatore_web_di_tariffe-638/|title=Servizi, nasce Facile.it nuovo comparatore web di tariffe}}</ref> Mwaka 2010 alizindua Seguros.es, toleo la Kihispania la kulinganisha bima mtandaoni, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=es-ES|url=https://www.inese.es/el-comparador-italiano-assicurazione-it-lanza-en-espana-la-version-beta-de-seguros-es/|title=El comparador italiano assicurazione.it lanza en España la versión beta de seguros.es - Inese|date=2010-02-19}}</ref> ambalo liliuzwa mwaka wa 2014 kwa kundi la Rastreator. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Europa Press|url=https://www.europapress.es/economia/noticia-economia-empresas-rastreatorcom-compra-seguroses-20141222123959.html|title=Rastreator.com compra Seguros.es|date=2014-12-22}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=es|author=Samuel Rodríguez|url=https://ecommerce-news.es/rastreator-com-firma-el-acuerdo-de-adquisicion-de-seguros-es/|title=Rastreator.com firma el acuerdo de adquisición de Seguros.es|date=2020-02-27}}</ref> Facile.it pia mwaka wa 2014, katika kesi hii kwa Oakley Capital ambayo iliipata kwa zaidi ya milioni 100, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=it|url=https://24plus.ilsole24ore.com/art/il-mondo-facileit-alberto-genovese-assicurazioni-hi-tech-e-servizi-web-ADLEM60|title=Il mondo “facile.it” di Alberto Genovese tra assicurazioni, hi-tech e servizi sul Web|date=2020-11-09}}</ref> na muda mfupi baadaye Mauro Giacobbe akachukua nafasi ya Genovese kama Mkurugenzi Mtendaji. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=it-IT|author=ASSINEWS|url=https://www.assinews.it/09/2014/oakley-capital-acquista-facile-it/550025706/|title=Oakley Capital acquista Facile.it|date=2014-09-24}}</ref> Mnamo 2014, pamoja na George Ottathycal Kuruvilla na Teodoro D'Ambrosio, Genovese ilianzisha Prima Assicurazioni, kampuni ya teknolojia inayofanya kazi kama wakala wa bima. Katika majira ya kiangazi ya 2018, Prima Assicurazioni ilifunga ''mzunguko'' mkubwa zaidi wa ufadhili wa ''mtaji'' nchini Italia: <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=it|author=Monica D'Ascenzo|url=https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/startup-italia-record-investimenti-2018-AEQThRGH|title=Startup, in Italia record di investimenti nel 2018|date=2019-01-17}}</ref> ongezeko la euro milioni 100, lililotolewa na Goldman Sachs na Blackstone Group . Mwaka 2015 alianzisha brumbrum, kampuni ya kuuza magari mtandaoni. Aliuza hisa zake mwaka 2019. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=it-IT|author=Redazione Start Magazine|url=https://www.startmag.it/economia/alberto-genovese-fatti-e-imprese-del-fondatore-di-facile-it-arrestato/|title=Alberto Genovese, ecco fatti e imprese del fondatore di Facile.it arrestato|date=2020-11-09}}</ref> Kampuni hiyo baadaye ilinunuliwa na Cazoo mwaka 2022 kwa euro milioni 80. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=it|author=Aziende|url=https://www.quattroruote.it/news/aziende/2022/01/26/vendita_e_noleggio_online_l_inglese_cazoo_acquisisce_brumbrum_piattaforma_leader_in_italia.html|title=Vendita e noleggio online - L'inglese Cazoo acquisisce brumbrum|date=2022-01-26}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=it|url=https://www.avvenire.it/economia/pagine/brumbrum-cazoo|title=Startup. Comprata e affondata, l'assurda fine di Brumbrum|date=2022-09-24}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Genovese pia alikuwa na hisa katika kampuni kadhaa ndogo kama vile Abiby (urembo), <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=it|author=Emil Abirascid|url=https://www.startupbusiness.it/beauty-as-a-service-abiby-raccoglie-15-mln/27635/|title=Beauty as a service, Abiby raccoglie 1,5mln, tra gli investitori Alberto Genovese|date=2019-05-07}}</ref> Zappyrent (teknolojia), <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=it-IT|url=https://startupitalia.eu/economy/economia-digitale/round-da-25-milioni-di-euro-per-zappyrent-la-startup-che-semplifica-gli-affitti/|title=Round da 2,5 milioni di euro per Zappyrent, la startup che semplifica gli affitti - StartupItalia|date=2020-01-07|accessdate=2025-09-30|archive-date=2025-05-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250522191638/https://startupitalia.eu/economy/economia-digitale/round-da-25-milioni-di-euro-per-zappyrent-la-startup-che-semplifica-gli-affitti/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Jobtech (ajira ya dijitali) <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=it-IT|author=Fortune|url=https://www.fortuneita.com/2020/09/10/jobtech-la-startup-per-trovare-lavoro-chiude-un-round-da-15-mln/|title=Jobtech, la startup per trovare lavoro, chiude un round da 1,5 mln|date=2020-09-10}}</ref> na Mirta.com (e-commerce). <ref name=":1"/> Mwaka 2022 aliuza hisa yake ya 25% katika Prima Assicurazioni kwa euro milioni 200. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=it|author=Carlo Festa|url=https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/genovese-vende-200-milioni-suo-25percento-in-prima-assicurazioni-AEBRjNJB|title=Genovese vende per 200 milioni il suo 25% in Prima Assicurazioni|date=2022-03-10}}</ref> === Masuala ya uraibu na kesi za kisheria === Mnamo Oktoba 2020 alikamatwa kwa tuhuma za uuzaji wa dawa za kulevya na unyanyasaji wa kijinsia dhidi ya msichana ambaye alikuwa akihudhuria karamu nyumbani kwake, <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=it|url=https://www.milanotoday.it/cronaca/feste-alberto-maria-genovese-ragazze-violentate.html|title=Le feste senza limiti di Genovese: manette, droga e le donne "bambola" nelle sue mani}}</ref> mojawapo ya karamu nyingi za dawa za kulevya zilizofanyika "Terrazza sentimento". <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=it-IT|author=Giuseppe Guastella|url=https://milano.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/22_aprile_14/alberto-genovese-mette-vendita-terrazza-sentimento-l-attico-violenza-valore-due-tre-milioni-euro-f05311ee-bb58-11ec-818b-cbb6b2b517fa.shtml|title=Alberto Genovese mette in vendita Terrazza Sentimento, l’attico della violenza: valore tra i due e i tre milioni di euro|date=2022-04-14}}</ref> Julai 2021, kizuizini cha kwanza cha Genovese kiliisha na anaondoka kwenye gereza la San Vittore ili kuondoa sumu <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=it|url=https://www.lastampa.it/cronaca/2023/02/14/news/caso_genovese_lex_star_del_web_torna_in_carcere-12641922/|title=Caso Genovese: l’ex star del web torna in carcere|date=2023-02-14}}</ref> katika jumuiya ya Crest huko Cuveglio . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=it-IT|author=Renata Manzoni|url=https://www.prealpina.it/pages/cuveglio-genovese-primi-giorni-al-crest-254849.html|title=Cuveglio, Genovese: primi giorni al Crest|date=2021-08-06}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=it|author=Andrea Camurani|url=https://www.varesenews.it/2021/07/limprenditore-alberto-genovese-esce-dal-carcere-comunita-cuveglio-disintossicarsi/1365309/|title=L'imprenditore Alberto Genovese esce dal carcere: in comunità a Cuveglio per disintossicarsi|date=2021-07-28}}</ref> Wakati huo huo, malalamiko ya wanawake vijana wanaotangaza kuwa wahasiriwa wa unyanyasaji yanaongezeka lakini ni wawili tu ambao wamechukuliwa kuwa halali na Ofisi ya Mwendesha Mashtaka. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/altre-due-violenze-processo-bis-genovese-2289209.html|title=Altre due violenze: processo "bis" per Genovese - il Giornale|date=}}</ref> Kesi hiyo inaisha kwa kifungo cha miaka 5 na miezi 4 kwa kujihusisha na dawa za kulevya na mwaka 1 na miezi 7 kwa makosa hayo mawili. Mnamo Februari 2023 Genovese alirejea gerezani, wakati huu huko Bollate, kutumikia kifungo kilichosalia. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=it|url=https://www.ilmattino.it/primopiano/cronaca/alberto_genovese_esce_carcere_affidamento_servizi_sociali-7419619.html|title=Alberto Genovese, condannato per lo stupro di due modelle «può lasciare il carcere»: andrà in affidamento in una comunità|date=2023-05-23|accessdate=2025-09-30|archive-date=2025-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250629005814/https://www.ilmattino.it/primopiano/cronaca/alberto_genovese_esce_carcere_affidamento_servizi_sociali-7419619.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mnamo Julai 2024 kesi ya pili inaisha: Genovese aliachiliwa kwa matukio dhidi ya mpenzi wake wa zamani (ambaye pia alichunguzwa kwa kashfa), lakini alihukumiwa miezi 15 kwa kujaribu kubaka na uhalifu mwingine. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=it-IT|url=https://milano.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/24_ottobre_09/alberto-genovese-accuse-false-su-di-lui-il-giudice-chiede-di-indagare-sulla-ex-che-ando-in-tv-si-e-contraddetta-2c92d831-486b-4b87-a3fb-fb04d51cexlk.shtml|title=Alberto Genovese, «accuse false su di lui»: il giudice chiede di indagare sulla ex che andò in tv. «Si è contraddetta»|date=2024-10-09}}</ref> === Kazi za kijamii === Mwaka 2022, kwa kibali cha mahakama, yeye na dada yake waliunda Foundation Franco Latanza kusaidia waraibu wa dawa kulipia matibabu katika vituo vya umma. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|language=it-IT|url=https://milano.corriere.it/notizie/cronaca/24_settembre_05/alberto-genovese-volontario-3a2d291f-514c-4f81-914b-3aeb4a60dxlk.shtml|title=Alberto Genovese volontario nel centro per donne vittime di violenza: «Attività riparativa»|date=2024-09-05}}</ref> Agosti 2024 alipewa ruhusa ya kufanya kazi za kujitolea siku nne kwa wiki: tatu katika Casa della Carità ya Don Virginio Colmegna na moja katika shirika la Wall of Dolls, linalosaidia wanawake waliodhulumiwa.<ref name=":0"/> == Maisha binafsi == Mnamo 2022 Alberto Genovese alioa mmoja wa wanafunzi wenzake wa chuo kikuu. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|language=it|url=https://www.ilgiorno.it/milano/cronaca/alberto-genovese-matrimonio-nprtzyq1|title=Alberto Genovese si è sposato con la fidanzata dei tempi dell’università: l’amore rinato dopo l’arresto|date=2023-05-24}}</ref> == Tanbihi == <references /> == Viungo vya nje == * https://www.lauraealbertogenovese.org/ [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:wajasiriamali wa Italia]] drwi4c95zjibtg8giun4ejfzsx3bxgc 0 227264 1606376 1572414 2026-10-08T21:36:41Z Raippa-Valli 92699 File 1606376 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Korea 2014 UN Public Service Forum 08 (14493582566).jpg|thumb|Creecy (2014)]] '''Barbara Dallas Creecy''' (alizaliwa [[Juni 17]], [[1958]]) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Afrika Kusini]] na [[mwanaharakati]] wa zamani wa kupinga ubaguzi wa rangi. Tangu Julai [[2024]], amehudumu kama Waziri wa Uchukuzi. Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa Waziri wa Mazingira, Misitu na Uvuvi kati ya [[2019]] na 2024. Creecy ni mwanachama wa Kamati ya Utendaji ya Kitaifa na Kamati ya Kazi ya Kitaifa ya African National Congress (ANC). Alikulia jijini [[Johannesburg]] na kujiunga na ANC mwaka wa [[1979]], akiungana na harakati za kisiasa kupitia chama cha United Democratic Front. Kati ya [[1994]] na 2019, alihudumu kwa mfululizo katika Bunge la Mkoa wa [[Gauteng]] na kujiunga na Baraza Kuu la Gauteng kuanzia [[2004]] hadi 2019. Katika kipindi hicho, alihudumu katika mabaraza mbalimbali ya kisiasa ikiwemo: la Michezo, Burudani, Sanaa na Utamaduni (2004–[[2009]]), la Elimu (2009–2014), na la Fedha (2014–2019). Katika uchaguzi mkuu wa Mei 2019, Creecy alichaguliwa kuingia Bunge la Afrika Kusini na baadaye akateuliwa katika baraza la mawaziri chini ya Rais Cyril Ramaphosa.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Barbara Creecy, Ms|url=https://www.gov.za/about-government/contact-directory/transport-ministry/barbara-creecy-ms|access-date=2024-12-26|website=South African Government}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Barbara Dallas Creecy alizaliwa Juni 17, 1958, na alikulia Johannesburg. Baba yake, mhasibu aliyeajiriwa aliyesomea Uingereza, alifariki alipokuwa na umri wa miaka minane. Baba yake alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kikomunisti na alikataa kujiunga na jeshi kwa sababu ya dhamiri wakati wa Vita vya Pili vya Dunia. Mama yake, ambaye alikuwa binti wa wanaharakati wawili wa vyama vya wafanyakazi, pia alikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa wa kisiasa katika maisha yake.<ref name=":122">{{Cite web|date=10 April 2024|title=Final Candidate Lists for 2024 National and Provincial Elections: National Candidates|url=https://www.elections.org.za/pw/Documents/Candidates-List-NPE2024/National%20Candidates%20List.pdf|access-date=2024-03-26|website=Electoral Commission of South Africa}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=|title=MEC Profile: Ms Barbara Creecy|url=http://www.gauteng.gov.za/government/departments/provincial-treasury/Pages/MEC-profile.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170511040128/http://www.gauteng.gov.za/government/departments/provincial-treasury/Pages/MEC-profile.aspx|archive-date=2017-05-11|access-date=2024-12-26|website=Government of Gauteng}}</ref> Baada ya kuhitimu katika Shule ya Roedean huko Parktown, Johannesburg, Creecy alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Witwatersrand chini ya ufadhili wa masomo, akijiandikisha mwaka wa [[1976]]. Alihitimu na Shahada ya Heshima katika Sayansi ya Siasa, na baadaye akahitimu Shahada ya Uzamili katika Sera za Umma na Usimamizi katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[London]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Segar|first=Sue|date=22 November 2019|title=Environmental impact|url=https://noseweek.co.za/wp/article/environmental-impact/|access-date=2024-12-26|website=Noseweek|language=en-ZA|archive-date=2025-01-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121150605/https://noseweek.co.za/wp/article/environmental-impact/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=8 August 2019|title=Behind the Politics: Creecy on student activism, juggling career and family life|url=https://ewn.co.za/2019/08/08/behind-the-politics-creecy-on-student-activism-juggling-career-and-family-life|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424195347/https://ewn.co.za/2019/08/08/behind-the-politics-creecy-on-student-activism-juggling-career-and-family-life|archive-date=2022-04-24|access-date=2024-12-26|website=EWN}}</ref> ==Tanbihi== {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii: Waliozaliwa 1958]] [[Jamii: Wanasiasa wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii: Wanawake wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii: Wanasiasa wanawake Afrika Kusini]] 5recnu2h54frqh1qh8qxtxkgoqzrm2i 0 227951 1606305 1504942 2026-10-08T15:43:59Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606305 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sergio Canales Madrazo''' (amezaliwa [[16 Februari]], [[1991]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kulipwa wa [[mpira wa miguu]] kutoka [[Hispania]] anayechukua nafasi ya kiungo [[mshambuliaji]] katika klabu ya C.F. Monterrey inayoshiriki ligi ya Liga MX.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.lavozdegalicia.es/deportes/2008/10/13/0003_7220672.htm|title=Un deportivista infiltrado en La Albericia|trans-title=A ''deportivista'' infiltrates Albericia|newspaper=[[La Voz de Galicia]]|first=Pablo|last=Gómez|language=es|date=13 October 2008|access-date=1 July 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.realracingclub.es/noticia/bautismo-europeo-del-racing-con-victoria-1-0|title=Bautismo europeo del Racing con victoria (1–0)|trans-title=European baptism for Racing with a win (1–0)|publisher=Racing Santander|language=es|date=18 September 2008|access-date=15 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210121081118/https://www.realracingclub.es/noticia/bautismo-europeo-del-racing-con-victoria-1-0|archivedate=2021-01-21|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-cheza-mpira}} {{BD|1991|}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Hispania]] gts1t94uerv7mejp8f0ucjqibz42o4b 0 229253 1606403 1569345 2026-10-09T03:46:43Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606403 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yejide Kilanko''' (alizaliwa [[1975]]) ni [[mwandishi]] wa [[hadithi]] za kubuni na mfanyakazi wa kijamii mwenye asili ya Kanada na Nigeria . Anajulikana kwa kushughulikia ukatili dhidi ya wanawake katika kazi yake. Riwaya yake ya kwanza, ''Daughters Who Walk This Path'', ilikuwa kitabu kilichouzwa zaidi cha hadithi za kubuni za Kanada mwaka wa 2012. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Yejide Kilanko {{!}} Penguin Random House|url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/authors/246934/yejide-kilanko/|accessdate=2025-01-21|work=PenguinRandomhouse.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Kilanko alizaliwa mwaka wa 1975 huko [[Ibadan]], [[Nigeria]], ambapo baba yake alifanya kazi kama [[profesa]] wa chuo kikuu. Alianza kuandika mashairi akiwa na umri mdogo. <ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-06-18|title=Newcomer Stories: Yejide Kilanko|url=https://www.chatham-kent.ca/Newcomers/choose-chatham-kent/newcomer-stories/yejide-kilanko|accessdate=2020-11-14|work=Chatham-Kent|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Mbaye|first=Ndeye Sene|date=2013-04-22|title=Daughters who walk the path by Yejide Kilanko|url=https://afrobooks.org/2013/04/22/daughters-who-walk-the-path-by-yejide-kilanko/|accessdate=2020-11-14|work=Afrobooks|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Yejide Kilanko|url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/authors/246934/yejide-kilanko|accessdate=2020-11-14|work=Penguin Random House|language=en-US}}</ref> Alisoma sayansi ya siasa katika [[Chuo Kikuu cha Ibadan]] . <ref name=":3">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2012|title=Yejide Kilanko|url=https://writersfestival.org/authors/earlier/yejide-kilanko|accessdate=2020-11-14|work=Ottawa International Writers Festival|archive-date=2025-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123210801/https://writersfestival.org/authors/earlier/yejide-kilanko|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mnamo 2000, Kilanko aliondoka Nigeria, na kuhamia Laurel, Maryland, nchini Marekani. Kisha akahamia Kanada mwaka 2004, ambapo sasa anaishi [[Chatham-Kent, Ontario|Chatham-Kent]], [[Ontario]] . <ref name=":02">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-06-18|title=Newcomer Stories: Yejide Kilanko|url=https://www.chatham-kent.ca/Newcomers/choose-chatham-kent/newcomer-stories/yejide-kilanko|accessdate=2020-11-14|work=Chatham-Kent|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":32">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2012|title=Yejide Kilanko|url=https://writersfestival.org/authors/earlier/yejide-kilanko|accessdate=2020-11-14|work=Ottawa International Writers Festival|archive-date=2025-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123210801/https://writersfestival.org/authors/earlier/yejide-kilanko|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Carlucci|first=Paul|date=2012-09-10|title=Africa: Review - Daughters Who Walk This Path|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201209100928.html|accessdate=2020-11-14|work=AllAfrica|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116073247/https://allafrica.com/stories/201209100928.html|archivedate=2020-11-16|url-status=dead}}</ref> Huko Kanada, alisomea kazi ya kijamii katika Chuo Kikuu cha Victoria na Chuo Kikuu cha Windsor . <ref name=":12">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Mbaye|first=Ndeye Sene|date=2013-04-22|title=Daughters who walk the path by Yejide Kilanko|url=https://afrobooks.org/2013/04/22/daughters-who-walk-the-path-by-yejide-kilanko/|accessdate=2020-11-14|work=Afrobooks|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":33">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2012|title=Yejide Kilanko|url=https://writersfestival.org/authors/earlier/yejide-kilanko|accessdate=2020-11-14|work=Ottawa International Writers Festival|archive-date=2025-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123210801/https://writersfestival.org/authors/earlier/yejide-kilanko|url-status=dead}}</ref> Anafanya kazi kama mtaalamu wa afya ya akili ya watoto. <ref name=":03">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-06-18|title=Newcomer Stories: Yejide Kilanko|url=https://www.chatham-kent.ca/Newcomers/choose-chatham-kent/newcomer-stories/yejide-kilanko|accessdate=2020-11-14|work=Chatham-Kent|language=en}}</ref> <ref name=":22">{{Rejea tovuti|title=Yejide Kilanko|url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/authors/246934/yejide-kilanko|accessdate=2020-11-14|work=Penguin Random House|language=en-US}}</ref> == Kazi ya uandishi == Kilanko mwanzoni alijikita katika ushairi, baadaye akageukia hadithi za kubuni. Alichochewa kuandika riwaya yake ya kwanza baada ya kukabiliana na majeraha ya ziada kutokana na kusikia kuhusu uzoefu wa watoto aliofanya nao kazi kama mshauri wa afya ya akili. <ref name=":4">''Mordi, Melissa (2019-06-03).'' "Yejide Kilanko: Shattering The Shackles Of Silence Through Writing"''. The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2020-11-14.''</ref> Kitabu chake cha kwanza, ''Daughters Who Walk This Path'', kilichapishwa mwaka wa 2012. Kikiwa katika mji wake wa Ibadan, kinashughulikia unyanyasaji wa kijinsia na ukatili dhidi ya wanawake na watoto nchini Nigeria, kikisimuliwa kupitia macho ya msimulizi wa mtoto. <ref name=":04">{{Rejea tovuti|date=2020-06-18|title=Newcomer Stories: Yejide Kilanko|url=https://www.chatham-kent.ca/Newcomers/choose-chatham-kent/newcomer-stories/yejide-kilanko|accessdate=2020-11-14|work=Chatham-Kent|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Ullery|first=Sarah|date=2018-05-17|title=10 Books by Nigerian Authors with Feminist Themes|url=https://bookriot.com/feminist-books-by-nigerian-authors/|accessdate=2020-11-14|work=Book Riot|language=en-US}}</ref> Kilielezewa na wakaguzi kama kinachovunja mipaka ya [[mwiko]] wa kujadili ukatili wa kijinsia, hasa nchini Nigeria. <ref name=":42">''Mordi, Melissa (2019-06-03).'' "Yejide Kilanko: Shattering The Shackles Of Silence Through Writing"''. The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2020-11-14.''</ref> Riwaya yake pia iliorodheshwa kwa Tuzo ya Fasihi ya Nigeria mnamo 2016, baada ya kutolewa huko na mchapishaji wa Nigeria. <ref>"11 Authors Shortlisted for the Nigerian Prize for Literature 2016"''. AllAfrica. 2016-07-17.''</ref> <ref>''Lasisi, Akeem (2016-07-15).'' "Women writers dominate shortlist of $100,000 literature prize"''. The Punch. Retrieved 2020-11-14.''</ref> Zawadi hatimaye ilimwendea Abubakar Adam Ibrahim kwa kitabu chake ''Msimu wa Maua ya Crimson .'' <ref>''Sam-Duru, Prisca (2016-10-13).'' "2016 Winner of $100,000 Nigeria prize for Literature emerges"''. Vanguard. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2020-11-14.''</ref> Kazi ya kubuni iliyofuata ya Kilanko, riwaya ya ''Chasing Butterflies'', ilichapishwa kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka wa 2015 kama mchango wa kuchangisha fedha kwa ajili ya Worldreader . Pia inajadili ukatili dhidi ya wanawake, ikizingatia ukatili wa majumbani. <ref name=":43">''Mordi, Melissa (2019-06-03).'' "Yejide Kilanko: Shattering The Shackles Of Silence Through Writing"''. The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2020-11-14.''</ref> <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2018-05-01|title=BN Prose – Book Excerpt: Chasing Butterflies by Yejide Kilanko|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/05/bn-prose-book-excerpt-chasing-butterflies-yejide-kilanko/|accessdate=2020-11-14|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref> Muswada wake wa riwaya yake inayofuata, ambayo "inasimulia hadithi za wauguzi wa kike wa Nigeria wanaoishi Marekani ambao waliuawa na waume zao wazee zaidi," uliorodheshwa kwa Tuzo ya Guernica ya Kanada ya Hadithi za Fasihi mnamo 2019 chini ya kichwa cha kazi ''"Moldable Women'' ". Ilichapishwa mnamo 2021 kama ''Jina Jema'' . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|date=2022-04-25|title=Yejide Kilanko On the Making of "A Good Name"|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/04/yejide-kilanko-on-the-making-of-a-good-name/|accessdate=2022-07-20|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}</ref> Kilanko anajitambulisha kama [[Ufeministi|mtetezi wa haki za wanawake]]. <ref name=":44">''Mordi, Melissa (2019-06-03).'' "Yejide Kilanko: Shattering The Shackles Of Silence Through Writing"''. The Guardian. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2020-11-14.''</ref> Anasema anaahamasishwa hasa na waandishi wanawake wa Kiafrika na Kiafrika wa Marekani kama vile [[Buchi Emecheta]], [[Chika Unigwe]], [[Toni Morrison]] na [[Alice Walker]] . <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Fantoni|first=Beatrice|date=2012-10-27|title=Chatham social worker's debut novel explores young women, abuse in Nigeria|url=https://windsorstar.com/life/chatham-social-workers-debut-novel-explores-young-women-abuse-in-nigeria|accessdate=2020-11-14|work=Windsor Star|language=en-CA}}</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Nigeria]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Kanada]] 61kj3rrhyq44edqq3xz61r422n5j42t 0 236478 1606389 1545908 2026-10-09T02:38:24Z Raippa-Valli 92699 File 1606389 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sharon Tate 1968.jpg|thumb|Sharon Tate (1969)]] '''Sharon Marie Tate Polanski''' (24 Januari 1943 – 9 Agosti 1969) alikuwa mwigizaji na mwanamitindo kutoka [[Marekani]]. Katika miaka ya 1960, alionekana katika matangazo ya biashara na majukumu madogo ya televisheni kabla ya kuanza kuigiza katika filamu na kufanya kazi ya uanamitindo.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Sharon Tate |last=Petruzzello |first=Melissa |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=18 Januari 2023 |url=[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sharon-Tate](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sharon-Tate) |quote=vision series }}</ref> Baada ya kupata sifa nzuri kwa uigizaji wake wa vichekesho na drama, Tate alitambuliwa kama mmoja wa waigizaji wapya wenye matumaini makubwa zaidi Hollywood, na mara nyingi alilinganishwa kwa ubora na Marilyn Monroe. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-muigizaji}} {{BD|1943|1969}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] 8nc9v8pidsb1qwuewe4mmbawrqg9dfe 1606390 1606389 2026-10-09T02:39:14Z Raippa-Valli 92699 1606390 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sharon Tate 1968.jpg|thumb|Sharon Tate (1968)]] '''Sharon Marie Tate Polanski''' (24 Januari 1943 – 9 Agosti 1969) alikuwa mwigizaji na mwanamitindo kutoka [[Marekani]]. Katika miaka ya 1960, alionekana katika matangazo ya biashara na majukumu madogo ya televisheni kabla ya kuanza kuigiza katika filamu na kufanya kazi ya uanamitindo.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Sharon Tate |last=Petruzzello |first=Melissa |encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] |access-date=18 Januari 2023 |url=[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sharon-Tate](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sharon-Tate) |quote=vision series }}</ref> Baada ya kupata sifa nzuri kwa uigizaji wake wa vichekesho na drama, Tate alitambuliwa kama mmoja wa waigizaji wapya wenye matumaini makubwa zaidi Hollywood, na mara nyingi alilinganishwa kwa ubora na Marilyn Monroe. == Marejeo == {{Reflist}} {{Mbegu-muigizaji}} {{BD|1943|1969}} [[Jamii:Watu wa Marekani]] bh3hdjdbkuuqfigqakk6y16oqeqr95z 0 243066 1606245 1582570 2026-10-08T13:19:48Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606245 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Picha:Ruth Ray Jackson, President of Langston University.jpg|thumb|Rais wa kumi na saba wa Chuo Kikuu cha Langston]] '''Ruth Ray Jackson''' ni [[msimamizi]] wa masuala ya kitaaluma kutoka nchini [[Marekani]], anayehudumu kama [[rais]] wa kumi na saba wa Chuo Kikuu cha Langston tangu [[2024]]. Hapo awali, alikuwa rais wa mpito, [[makamu wa rais]] wa masuala ya kitaaluma, [[profesa]] na mshauri wa wanafunzi katika shule ya [[elimu]] na [[sayansi]] ya [[tabia]]. == Maisha == Jackson alipata shahada ya awali katika [[elimu ya sekondari]] na [[Kiingereza]] na [[shahada ya uzamili]] katika [[uongozi]] na [[utawala]] wa elimu kutoka [[Southern University and A&M College|Chuo Kikuu cha Kusini]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |date=2024-05-06 |title=Ruth Ray Jackson Named the Seventeenth President of Langston University in Oklahoma |url=https://jbhe.com/2024/05/ruth-ray-jackson-named-seventeenth-president-of-langston-university-in-oklahoma/ |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education |language=en-US}}</ref> Alihitimu [[Shahada ya Uzamivu]] (Ph.D.) katika elimu na usimamizi wa rasilimali watu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Colorado.<ref name=":0" /> Jackson alikuwa [[mwalimu]] na msimamizi wa shule ya umma huko [[Louisiana]].<ref name=":0" /> Baadaye alifanya kazi katika [[Louisiana State University Shreveport|Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Louisiana Shreveport]] kwa miaka [[kumi na moja]].<ref name=":0" /> Alikuwa profesa msaidizi wa elimu, mkurugenzi wa programu ya Shahada ya Uzamili ya Elimu, na alikuwa mwenyekiti wa idara ya elimu.<ref name=":0" /> Mnamo mwaka [[2014]], alijiunga na [[Langston University|Chuo Kikuu cha Langston]] kama profesa na mshauri wa wanafunzi katika shule ya elimu na sayansi ya tabia.<ref name=":0" /> Mnamo mwaka [[2018]], alipandishwa cheo na kuwa makamu wa rais msaidizi kwa ajili ya mafanikio ya wanafunzi. Kwa kipindi cha mwaka mmoja, alihudumu kama makamu wa rais wa masuala ya kitaaluma kabla ya kuhudumu kama rais wa mpito kwa mwaka mmoja.<ref name=":0" /> Mnamo mwaka 2024, akawa rais wa kumi na saba.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|author=Stanley|first=Tim|date=2024-05-06|title=New Langston president wants Tulsa campus to be bigger part of community|url=https://tulsaworld.com/news/local/education/new-langston-president-wants-tulsa-campus-to-be-bigger-part-of-community/article_07ec2acc-0650-11ef-8445-e7068c7cc073.html|accessdate=2024-05-12|work=Tulsa World|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512032039/https://tulsaworld.com/news/local/education/new-langston-president-wants-tulsa-campus-to-be-bigger-part-of-community/article_07ec2acc-0650-11ef-8445-e7068c7cc073.html|archivedate=2024-05-12|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== {{reflist}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Walimu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Maprofesa]] gwp7z3oa9xanjwytt60eacb5l9vul2i 0 243855 1606458 1585280 2026-10-09T09:48:49Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606458 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Angela Turner Quigless''' (amezaliwa tarehe [[4 Januari]] [[1960]], huko [[Miami, Florida]]) ni [[hakimu]] wa [[Marekani]] katika [[Mahakama]] ya Rufaa ya Missouri. Aliteuliwa na Gavana Bob Holden kuwa Hakimu wa Mahakama ya Mzunguko ya [[Wilaya]] ya 22 ya [[St. Louis, Missouri|Jiji la St. Louis, Missouri]], tarehe 3 Januari 2003, baada ya awali kuhudumu kama Hakimu Msaidizi wa Mzunguko tangu tarehe 28 Februari 1995. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Quigless alihudhuria [[Chuo]] cha Jamii cha Florissant Valley kilichopo Florissant, Missouri, kuanzia mwaka 1977 hadi 1979. Alifuzu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Missouri kilichopo Columbia akiwa na Shahada ya Sanaa katika [[Sosholojia]] mwaka 1981. Alifuzu kutoka Shule ya [[Sheria]] ya Chuo Kikuu cha Saint Louis huko St. Louis, Missouri, akiwa na shahada ya Juris Doctor mwaka 1984.<ref>{{Cite web|title=St. Louis Circuit 22; Circuit Judge, division 8; Angela Turner Quigless|url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/government-politics/article_85e201d2-bc2b-11df-9c49-0017a4a78c22.html|work=STLtoday.com|date=2010-09-01|accessdate=2026-08-07|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260807033412/https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/government-politics/article_85e201d2-bc2b-11df-9c49-0017a4a78c22.html|archivedate=2026-08-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] qwb2celhtuybsgy9taz094mjaabm9uk 0 245127 1606383 1587821 2026-10-09T00:03:15Z Dostojewskij 18883 Faili:Ksenia Solo at Lancia Cafè.jpg 1606383 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Ksenia Solo at Lancia Cafè.jpg|thumb|Ksenia Solo (2010)]] '''Ksenia Solo''' (amezaliwa [[8 Oktoba]], [[1987]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa Kilatvia na [[Kanada]] anayejulikana kwa kuigiza Mackenzie "Kenzi" Malikov katika ''Lost Girl''. Aliigiza Peggy Shippen katika ''Turn: Washington's Spies''. Solo pia aliigiza mhusika "Natasha" katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa Marekani wa mwaka 2010 ''Life Unexpected'' na Shay Davydov katika msimu wa 3 wa ''Orphan Black''. Kufikia mwaka 2024, kazi yake ya hivi karibuni ilikuwa katika waigizaji wakuu wa misimu miwili ya mfululizo ''Project Blue Book (TV series)|Project Blue Book'' (2019–2020). ==Maisha ya awali== Solo alizaliwa [[Riga]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200414180405/http://nidi.online/ksenia-solo-profile-biography-pictures-news/ Ksenia Solo Biography]</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Ksenia Solo |url=https://www.listal.com/ksenia-solo/ |access-date=2025-07-17 |website=www.listal.com}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-igiza-filamu}} {{BD|1987|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] o2m0kshmj3gt8j8htixdor7qlayfqrq 0 245556 1606212 1588690 2026-10-08T12:32:54Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606212 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robin C. Shackleford''' (alizaliwa Oktoba 30, 1970) ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani ambaye amehudumu katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Indiana]] akiwakilisha Wilaya ya 98 tangu mwaka 2012. <ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=IN House D-98: Shackleford (Unopposed)|url=https://www.nuvo.net/government/in-house-d-98-shackleford-unopposed/article_bdea1290-d14e-11e8-81e7-67fd249df883.html|work=NUVO|date=2018-10-01|accessdate=2026-08-16|language=en|author=Rob Burgess rburgess@nuvo.net|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260818134457/https://www.nuvo.net/government/in-house-d-98-shackleford-unopposed/article_bdea1290-d14e-11e8-81e7-67fd249df883.html|archivedate=2026-08-18|url-status=dead}}</ref>Tarehe 10 Novemba 2022, Shackleford alitangaza nia yake ya kugombea nafasi ya meya wa Indianapolis mwaka 2023. Katika uchaguzi wa awali wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia mwaka 2023, Shackleford alishindwa na meya aliyekuwa madarakani, Joe Hogsett, kwa tofauti ya [[asilimia]] 20.5.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Hogsett, Shreve win Indianapolis mayoral primaries|url=https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/elections/2023/05/02/indianapolis-mayor-primary-joe-hogsett-robin-shackleford-jefferson-shreve-abdul-hakim-shabazz/70146324007/|work=The Indianapolis Star|accessdate=2026-08-16|language=en-US|author=Ko Lyn Cheang}}</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] myltkyucuwoi6vqyur8xr8d6jj5wvop 0 247937 1606446 1593512 2026-10-09T09:17:02Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606446 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amymusu K. Jones''' (takriban [[1948]] - [[2018]]) alikuwa [[mwanasheria]] na [[hakimu]] kutoka [[Liberia]]. Alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza kuteuliwa kuwa hakimu wa [[mahakama]] ya mwanzo ya Monrovia mwaka [[1994]]. Pia alikuwa [[jaji]] mkuu wa muda mrefuzaidi Mahakama ya Mzunguko katika kaunti ya '''Grand Cape Mount'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Verifying connection|url=https://www.safeabortionwomensright.org/news/algeria-abortion-has-not-been-legalised-in-algeria/|work=www.safeabortionwomensright.org|accessdate=2026-08-29}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Alistaafu utumishi mwaka 2018 na alifaRIKI siku 30 baada ya kustaafu<ref>{{Cite web|title=LIBERIA LOST FIRST FEMALE MAGISTRATE|url=https://judiciary.gov.lr/liberia-has-lost-her-first-female-who-became-magistrate/|work=Supreme Court of Liberia|date=2018-09-10|accessdate=2026-08-29|language=en-US|author=Web2 · September 10, 2018}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1948]] [[Jamii:waliofariki 2018]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Liberia]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Liberia]] dhxjgcjk0ti8sph4oesypj1gbqdxo2t 0 248639 1606391 1594774 2026-10-09T02:39:19Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606391 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James Wellwood "Whitey" Basson''' (alizaliwa [[8 Januari]] [[1946]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]] na bilionea nchini [[Afrika Kusini]] ambaye kwa kiasi kikubwa alihusika katika kukuza biashara ndogo iitwayo Shoprite kutoka mnyororo wa maduka 8 wenye thamani ya R1 milioni kuwa shirika la makampuni ya kimataifa ya rejareja yenye mapato mwaka 2019 ya R150 bilioni, thamani ya soko ya R114 bilioni, zaidi ya maduka 2,300 na wafanyakazi 140,000 katika nchi 15 za [[Afrika]]. Deloitte's Global Powers of Retailing 2019 iliorodhesha Kikundi cha Shoprite kama muuzaji wa 86 kwa ukubwa duniani.<ref name="ASA2016">{{cite web | title=COVER STORY: Whitey Basson | website=Accountancy SA | date=30 November 2016 | url=https://www.accountancysa.org.za/whitey-basson-shining-south-african-role-model-manages-by-embarrassment/ | access-date=19 November 2019 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260906202444/https://www.accountancysa.org.za/whitey-basson-shining-south-african-role-model-manages-by-embarrassment/ | archivedate=2026-09-06 | url-status=dead}}</ref> Basson alistaafu kama mkurugenzi msimamizi na Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Shoprite Holdings Ltd tarehe 31 Desemba 2016.<ref name="Brand-Jonker 2017">{{cite web | last=Brand-Jonker | first=Nellie | title=I'm not fleeing SA, says Whitey about selling off R1.8bn in shares | website=Fin24 | date=10 May 2017 | url=https://www.fin24.com/Companies/Retail/im-not-fleeing-sa-says-whitey-about-selling-off-r18bn-in-shares-20170510 | access-date=21 November 2019}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Afrika Kusini]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1946]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 7l12198vmhmhbrq2qtabrmxuamktftq 0 249420 1606433 1596410 2026-10-09T08:02:35Z Tamara Logisddha 93039 Sara Flounders, 2014 (cropped).jpg 1606433 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sara Flounders, 2014 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Sara Flounders katika Jukwaa la Rhodes mwaka 2014]] '''Sara Flounders''' ni [[mwandishi]] wa [[Marekani]], [[mwanaharakati]] wa kisoshalisti,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kossally |first1=Najja |date=February 14, 2008 |title=Anti-war activist argues for socialism |url=https://www.workers.org/2008/us/exeter_0221 |agency=Workers World}}</ref> mwanachama wa sekretarieti ya Workers World Party (WWP) ya Kimarxisti-Kileninisti, na mkurugenzi wa International Action Center.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Malik |first=Yaqoob |date=2012-12-07 |title=US activists seek Afia's release |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/769486/us-activists-seek-afias-release |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |language=en}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] 4xqj0txrvzul5rl64aitn4hzdlcp56l 0 251031 1606425 1601354 2026-10-09T07:34:17Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Allen Lee Geiberger Sr.''' (alizaliwa [[1 Septemba]] [[1937]]) ni mchezaji wa [[Gofu (mchezo)|gofu]] wa kulipwa nchini [[Marekani]]. Alizaliwa Red Bluff, [[California]] na alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Southern California mwaka [[1959]]. Alishinda mataji 11 ya PGA Tour, ikiwa ni pamoja na PGA Championship mwaka [[1966]]. Mwaka [[1977]], alikua mchezaji wa kwanza kufunga chini ya 60 katika mashindano ya PGA Tour kwa kupiga 59 katika Danny Thomas Memphis Classic. Alishinda pia mataji 10 ya Champions Tour. Alishiriki katika Ryder Cup mwaka [[1967]] na [[1975]].<ref name="about">{{cite web |last=Kelley |first=Brent |title=Al Geiberger profile |url=http://golf.about.com/od/golfersmen/p/al_geiberger.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416062730/http://golf.about.com/od/golfersmen/p/al_geiberger.htm |archive-date=April 16, 2013 |access-date=July 12, 2013 |publisher=About.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Ballard |first=Sarah |date=May 15, 1989 |title=Building A New Life: Thanks to his family and to senior golf, Al Geiberger has another chance at happiness |url=https://vault.si.com/vault/1989/05/15/building-a-new-life-thanks-to-his-family-and-to-senior-golf-al-geiberger-has-another-chance-at-happiness |access-date=January 13, 2015 |magazine=Sports Illustrated |archive-date=2021-06-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616212109/https://vault.si.com/vault/1989/05/15/building-a-new-life-thanks-to-his-family-and-to-senior-golf-al-geiberger-has-another-chance-at-happiness |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1937]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa gofu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] nkq1c5iflpm4ppw527df5uwg47hm3l8 3 251390 1606299 1605824 2026-10-08T14:53:21Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1606299 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 26 Septemba 2026 (UTC) ==Marejeo== Tafadhali, usiweke marejeo yanayoelekeza kwenye Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Haitakiwi! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:26, 3 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :sawa, ahsante '''[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ladygoody#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:39, 3 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :Habari Riccardo, :Nimeona nimezuiwa kuhariri Wikipedia ya Kiswahili kwa sababu ya “Viungo vya nje visivyotakiwa”. Ningependa kuelewa vizuri kosa nililofanya ili nisilirudie. :Naomba unisaidie kueleza ni viungo gani au aina gani ya viungo nilivyoweka vilivyosababisha kizuizi hiki. :Niko tayari kufuata kanuni za Wikipedia na kurekebisha makosa yangu. :Asante. '''[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ladygoody#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:03, 6 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ::Mbona nilikueleza majuzi? Ulisema sawa, kumbe ukaendelea kurejelea Wikipedia ya Kiingereza. Leo nimepoteza saa nyingi kurekebisha makala zako! Tumia muda wa zuio lako kupitia makala zako kwa kuona nilivyozisahihisha. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:29, 6 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :::Asante kwa kunieleza na kwa kurekebisha makala nilizohariri. Nimeelewa kosa nililofanya kuhusu kuweka viungo vinavyoelekeza kwenye Wikipedia ya Kiingereza. Nitatumia muda huu kupitia marekebisho uliyofanya ili kujifunza na kuhakikisha sirudii kosa hili. Samahani kwa usumbufu na muda uliopoteza kurekebisha makala zangu. Asante kwa kunielekeza. '''[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ladygoody#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:18, 6 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ::::Safi sana, ingawa umetumia [[Maalum:Michango/Goodylady|akaunti ya pili]], ambayo kwa kawaida haikubaliki. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:34, 6 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :::::samahani, mimi nina akaunti moja tu, sina nyingine na sijafanya chochote toka nizuiliwe '''[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ladygoody#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:38, 6 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ::::::Nimeondoa zuio, lakini endelea kujifunza uhariri kwa kupitia masahihisho. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:24, 7 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :::::::Ahsante na ubarikiwe. :::::::Naamini nimeelewa na kuzingatia masahihisho '''[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ladygoody#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:28, 7 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Umezingatia kiasi, kwa sababu huwezi tena marejeo yoyote... Hata leo nimetumia masaa kurekebisha makala zako. Kumbuka: kadiri unavyokwenda kasi lazima ufanye vizuri, la sivyo unawatwisha wengine jukumu la kusahihisha. Kwa mfano, kurasa zote unaziweka kigezo cha <nowiki>{{mbegu-historia}}</nowiki>, kumbe zinahusu watu. Kama hujui kutofautisha watu kwa aina ya kazi zao, walau uweke <nowiki>{{mbegu-mtu}}</nowiki>. Pia ni rahisi kuweka kigezo cha mwaka wa kuzaliwa (B) na kufariki (D): kwa mfano kwa Nyerere unaweka <nowiki>{{BD|1922|1999}}</nowiki>. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:53, 8 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) aptd8zmrnx0tewvh729r2lfsughztu0 1606301 1606299 2026-10-08T15:03:33Z Ladygoody 92634 /* Marejeo */ Jibu 1606301 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 26 Septemba 2026 (UTC) ==Marejeo== Tafadhali, usiweke marejeo yanayoelekeza kwenye Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Haitakiwi! Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 13:26, 3 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :sawa, ahsante '''[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ladygoody#top|majadiliano]])''' 13:39, 3 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :Habari Riccardo, :Nimeona nimezuiwa kuhariri Wikipedia ya Kiswahili kwa sababu ya “Viungo vya nje visivyotakiwa”. Ningependa kuelewa vizuri kosa nililofanya ili nisilirudie. :Naomba unisaidie kueleza ni viungo gani au aina gani ya viungo nilivyoweka vilivyosababisha kizuizi hiki. :Niko tayari kufuata kanuni za Wikipedia na kurekebisha makosa yangu. :Asante. '''[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ladygoody#top|majadiliano]])''' 11:03, 6 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ::Mbona nilikueleza majuzi? Ulisema sawa, kumbe ukaendelea kurejelea Wikipedia ya Kiingereza. Leo nimepoteza saa nyingi kurekebisha makala zako! Tumia muda wa zuio lako kupitia makala zako kwa kuona nilivyozisahihisha. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 12:29, 6 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :::Asante kwa kunieleza na kwa kurekebisha makala nilizohariri. Nimeelewa kosa nililofanya kuhusu kuweka viungo vinavyoelekeza kwenye Wikipedia ya Kiingereza. Nitatumia muda huu kupitia marekebisho uliyofanya ili kujifunza na kuhakikisha sirudii kosa hili. Samahani kwa usumbufu na muda uliopoteza kurekebisha makala zangu. Asante kwa kunielekeza. '''[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ladygoody#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:18, 6 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ::::Safi sana, ingawa umetumia [[Maalum:Michango/Goodylady|akaunti ya pili]], ambayo kwa kawaida haikubaliki. --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:34, 6 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :::::samahani, mimi nina akaunti moja tu, sina nyingine na sijafanya chochote toka nizuiliwe '''[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ladygoody#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:38, 6 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ::::::Nimeondoa zuio, lakini endelea kujifunza uhariri kwa kupitia masahihisho. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:24, 7 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :::::::Ahsante na ubarikiwe. :::::::Naamini nimeelewa na kuzingatia masahihisho '''[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ladygoody#top|majadiliano]])''' 14:28, 7 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ::::::::Umezingatia kiasi, kwa sababu huwezi tena marejeo yoyote... Hata leo nimetumia masaa kurekebisha makala zako. Kumbuka: kadiri unavyokwenda kasi lazima ufanye vizuri, la sivyo unawatwisha wengine jukumu la kusahihisha. Kwa mfano, kurasa zote unaziweka kigezo cha <nowiki>{{mbegu-historia}}</nowiki>, kumbe zinahusu watu. Kama hujui kutofautisha watu kwa aina ya kazi zao, walau uweke <nowiki>{{mbegu-mtu}}</nowiki>. Pia ni rahisi kuweka kigezo cha mwaka wa kuzaliwa (B) na kufariki (D): kwa mfano kwa Nyerere unaweka <nowiki>{{BD|1922|1999}}</nowiki>. Amani kwako! --'''[[Mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|Riccardo Riccioni]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Riccardo Riccioni|majadiliano]])''' 14:53, 8 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) :::::::::ahsante Kwa maelekezo. :::::::::Nitayafanyia kazi '''[[Mtumiaji:Ladygoody|Ladygoody]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:Ladygoody#top|majadiliano]])''' 15:03, 8 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 7uvbdz77t2mpsi4v36i9tr2191hjb6z 0 251974 1606339 1602924 2026-10-08T17:36:30Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606339 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christen Kelley''' ([[7 Novemba]], [[1978]] – [[2 Oktoba]], [[2017]]), anayejulikana zaidi kwa jina lake la kisanii '''Slip Capone''', alikuwa [[rapa]] wa [[Marekani]] na mwanachama wa Tha Dogg Pound kutoka [[Hawthorne]], [[California]].<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2024-10-14 |title=The 'Murder Was The Case' Soundtrack Turns 30 {{!}} Album Anniversary |url=https://albumism.com/features/murder-was-the-case-soundtrack-album-anniversary |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=Albumism |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2011-02-09 |title=Snoop Dogg Explains How Suge Knight Used To Rip Off Hungry Producers |url=https://hiphopdx.com/news/id.14000/title.snoop-dogg-explains-how-suge-knight-used-to-rip-off-hungry-producers |access-date=2025-06-28 |website=HipHopDX |language=en |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250628130756/https://hiphopdx.com/news/id.14000/title.snoop-dogg-explains-how-suge-knight-used-to-rip-off-hungry-producers |archivedate=2025-06-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1978|2017}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] f9pypjmurb8ohxqxbjmhj96nb7ceifg 0 252077 1606223 1603127 2026-10-08T12:48:31Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606223 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tyraid phoenixperformance.jpg|thumb|Roqy Tyraid akitumbuiza huko Phoenix, Arizona, mwaka 2015]] '''Jacob Raiford''' (alizaliwa [[19 Mei]], [[1986]]), anayejulikana kitaaluma kama '''Roqy TyRaiD''', ni [[rapa]] na mwanaharakati wa [[Marekani]].<ref name=":2">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Roqy Tyraid & DJ Ash10 |url=https://azpbs.org/playlist48/2023/01/roqy-tyraid-dj-ash10/ |access-date=2025-05-30 |publisher=Arizona PBS}}</ref> Mwaka 2015, alisaini mkataba na Soulspazm Records na akatoa albamu yake ya kwanza ya studio, ''The Dichotomy of RoQy TyRaiD'', mwaka 2016. Albamu hiyo ilizaa [[nyimbo]] tatu zilizofikia nafasi katika chati za redio huru za vyuo.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Roqy Tyraid |url=https://play.musibly.com/artist/428452/roqy-tyraid |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Musibly |language=en |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423082729/https://play.musibly.com/artist/428452/roqy-tyraid |archivedate=2025-04-23 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last1=Hayhurst |first1=John |date=2024-01-14 |title=Festival Preview: Tramlines – Sheffield's Biggest Party Jul 21–23 2023 |url=https://www.soundspheremag.com/news/festival-preview-tramlines-sheffields-biggest-party-jul-21-23-2023/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114223840/https://www.soundspheremag.com/news/festival-preview-tramlines-sheffields-biggest-party-jul-21-23-2023/ |archive-date=14 January 2024 |access-date=2025-01-20 |work=Soundsphere magazine}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Torres |first=Miguel |title=Phoenix rapper went from microphone on stage to megaphone on street during police protests |url=https://www.azcentral.com/mosaic-story/news/local/arizona-people/2021/07/04/arizona-rapper-led-police-protests-now-trying-reform-phoenix-police/4996953001/ |access-date=2025-01-20 |website=The Arizona Republic |language=en-US |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240308075635/https://www.azcentral.com/mosaic-story/news/local/arizona-people/2021/07/04/arizona-rapper-led-police-protests-now-trying-reform-phoenix-police/4996953001/ |archivedate=2024-03-08 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1986|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] 4qhm80cl69bo66q6fqfj450paj9i77v 0 252458 1606421 1603739 2026-10-09T06:45:08Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox musical artist 2 | jina = Afel Bocoum | picha = | image_size = 220 | maelezo = Afel Bocoum akicheza gitaa. | background = solo_singer | asili yake = [[Niafunké]], [[Mali]] | tarehe ya kuzaliwa = {{Birth year and age|1955}} | aina = [[Muziki wa Songhai]], [[blues ya Mali]], [[Muziki wa Mandé]], [[muziki wa dunia]] | kazi yake = [[Mwimbaji]], mtunzi wa nyimbo na mpiga gitaa | miaka ya kazi = 1968–sasa | ameshirikiana na = [[Ali Farka Touré]], [[Damon Albarn]], [[Tony Allen]], [[Joan Wasser]] }} '''Afel Bocoum''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1955) ni mwimbaji, mtunzi wa nyimbo na mpiga gitaa kutoka [[Mali]]. Anatoka [[Niafunké]], mji ulioko kando ya mto Niger katika eneo la Timbuktu. Muziki wake unaunganisha mizizi ya [[Songhai]] na [[Muziki wa Mandé]] pamoja na blues, rock na muziki wa dunia.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://afelbocoum.com/biography |website=Afel Bocoum |access-date=2 Oktoba 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The World's Music at Oxford: Afel Bocoum |url=https://www.music.ox.ac.uk/event/afel-bocoum |website=University of Oxford |access-date=2 Oktoba 2026 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260209000027/https://www.music.ox.ac.uk/event/afel-bocoum |archivedate=2026-02-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Bocoum alizaliwa katika familia ya wanamuziki. Baba yake alikuwa mpiga njarka, ala ya nyuzi moja inayopatikana katika muziki wa eneo la Niger, na mjomba wake alikuwa [[Ali Farka Touré]], mmoja wa wapiga gitaa maarufu zaidi wa Mali. Bocoum alikulia katika mazingira ya muziki wa kijadi wa Niafunké na alianza kujifunza gitaa akiwa kijana.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Artist Profiles: Afel Bocoum |url=https://worldmusiccentral.org/artist-profiles-afel-bocoum/ |website=World Music Central |date=18 Julai 2020 |access-date=2 Oktoba 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Afel Bocoum |url=https://www.musiques-afrique.net/mali/art-afel-bocoum.html |website=Musiques d'Afrique |access-date=2 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> Akiwa na umri wa miaka 13, mwaka 1968, alijiunga na bendi ya Ali Farka Touré iliyojulikana kama [[ASCO]]. Alibaki katika bendi hiyo kwa miongo kadhaa, hadi kifo cha Touré mwaka 2006. Kipindi hicho kilimsaidia kujifunza namna ya kuunganisha uimbaji, gitaa na ala za jadi za Songhai katika muziki wenye nguvu ya blues.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The World's Music at Oxford: Afel Bocoum |url=https://www.music.ox.ac.uk/event/afel-bocoum |website=University of Oxford |access-date=2 Oktoba 2026 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260209000027/https://www.music.ox.ac.uk/event/afel-bocoum |archivedate=2026-02-09 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Afel Bocoum |url=https://www.nts.live/artists/71359-afel-bocoum |website=NTS |date=6 Machi 2026 |access-date=2 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> Katika miaka ya 1980, Bocoum aliunda bendi yake mwenyewe, [[Alkibar]]. Jina hilo linamaanisha “mjumbe wa mto mkuu” na linarejelea nafasi ya mto Niger katika maisha, uchumi na utamaduni wa watu wa Niafunké. Bendi hiyo hutumia gitaa za akustiki, njarka, njurkel, ngoma na sauti za jadi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://afelbocoum.com/biography |website=Afel Bocoum |access-date=2 Oktoba 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Afel Bocoum |url=https://www.nts.live/artists/71359-afel-bocoum |website=NTS |date=6 Machi 2026 |access-date=2 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> Albamu yake ya kwanza, ''[[Alkibar]]'', ilitolewa mwaka 1999. Ilirekodiwa katika shule iliyokuwa imeachwa karibu na Niafunké, mahali ambapo pia sehemu ya albamu ''Niafunké'' ya Ali Farka Touré ilirekodiwa. Albamu hiyo ilizungumzia haki za kijamii, mapenzi, maadili ya jamii na umuhimu wa kuhifadhi mila za Mali.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://afelbocoum.com/biography |website=Afel Bocoum |access-date=2 Oktoba 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Artist Profiles: Afel Bocoum |url=https://worldmusiccentral.org/artist-profiles-afel-bocoum/ |website=World Music Central |date=18 Julai 2020 |access-date=2 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> Mwaka 2006 alitoa ''[[Niger]]'', albamu iliyotaja moja kwa moja mto Niger kama chanzo cha maisha na utambulisho wa watu wa eneo lake. Nyimbo kama ''Ali Farka'', ''Dakamana'', ''Alkibar'' na ''Niger'' zilimsaidia kujenga sifa yake kama mwimbaji na mpiga gitaa mwenye mtindo wa kipekee wa Sahel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Afel Bocoum |url=https://www.nts.live/artists/71359-afel-bocoum |website=NTS |date=6 Machi 2026 |access-date=2 Oktoba 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Afel Bocoum on Apple Music |url=https://music.apple.com/us/artist/afel-bocoum/6764368 |website=Apple Music |access-date=2 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> Albamu yake ya ''[[Tabital Pulaaku]]'' ilitolewa mwaka 2009. Jina hilo linahusishwa na utambulisho wa Fulani na maadili ya mshikamano, heshima, uaminifu na uhifadhi wa utamaduni. Ingawa Bocoum ni wa Songhai, kazi hiyo ilionyesha namna muziki wa Mali unavyoweza kuunganisha jamii na lugha mbalimbali za eneo la Sahel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://afelbocoum.com/biography |website=Afel Bocoum |access-date=2 Oktoba 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Afel Bocoum on Amazon Music |url=https://music.amazon.com/artists/B000RHU1TQ/afel-bocoum |website=Amazon Music |access-date=2 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> Mwaka 2020 alitoa ''[[Lindé]]'', albamu iliyosifiwa kwa kuchanganya mizizi ya muziki wa Mali na sauti za kimataifa. Albamu hiyo iliwashirikisha [[Damon Albarn]], [[Tony Allen]] na [[Joan Wasser]]. ''Lindé'' iliendelea kuonyesha uwezo wake wa kutengeneza muziki wa kisasa bila kuacha ala na mizani ya jadi ya eneo la Niger.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Biography |url=https://afelbocoum.com/biography |website=Afel Bocoum |access-date=2 Oktoba 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Afel Bocoum |url=https://www.musiques-afrique.net/mali/art-afel-bocoum.html |website=Musiques d'Afrique |access-date=2 Oktoba 2026}}</ref> Afel Bocoum pia ameshiriki katika miradi ya [[Africa Express]] na amefanya kazi na wanamuziki kutoka Afrika na nje ya Afrika. Kwa zaidi ya miongo mitano, amekuwa akitetea matumizi ya ala zinazotishiwa kupotea, kama njurkel na njarka, na amesaidia kuzifanya zijulikane katika muziki wa kimataifa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The World's Music at Oxford: Afel Bocoum |url=https://www.music.ox.ac.uk/event/afel-bocoum |website=University of Oxford |access-date=2 Oktoba 2026}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Diskografia== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Albamu ! Mwaka ! Kampuni ya kurekodi |- | ''[[Alkibar]]'' | 1999 | World Circuit Records |- | ''[[Niger]]'' | 2006 | Contre-Jour |- | ''[[Tabital Pulaaku]]'' | 2009 | Contre-Jour |- | ''[[Lindé]]'' | 2020 | World Circuit |} ==Nyimbo maarufu== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Na. ! Jina la wimbo ! Albamu ! Mwaka |- | 1 | ''Alasidi'' | ''[[Alkibar]]'' | 1999 |- | 2 | ''A Song for You'' | ''[[Alkibar]]'' | 1999 |- | 3 | ''Alkibar'' | ''[[Alkibar]]'' | 1999 |- | 4 | ''Penda Djiga'' | ''[[Alkibar]]'' | 1999 |- | 5 | ''Jeeny'' | ''[[Alkibar]]'' | 1999 |- | 6 | ''Ali Farka'' | ''[[Niger]]'' | 2006 |- | 7 | ''Dakamana'' | ''[[Niger]]'' | 2006 |- | 8 | ''Abacabok'' | ''[[Niger]]'' | 2006 |- | 9 | ''Niger'' | ''[[Niger]]'' | 2006 |- | 10 | ''Mali Men'' | ''[[Tabital Pulaaku]]'' | 2009 |- | 11 | ''Tabital Pulaaku'' | ''[[Tabital Pulaaku]]'' | 2009 |- | 12 | ''Buribalal'' | ''[[Tabital Pulaaku]]'' | 2009 |- | 13 | ''Lindé'' | ''[[Lindé]]'' | 2020 |- | 14 | ''Fari Koyra'' | ''[[Lindé]]'' | 2020 |} ==Marejeo== {{marejeo}} {{BD|1955}} {{mbegu-mwanamuziki}} [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Mali]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Songhai]] mhrxok33cm0qfh5efri1hvammd8sngt 0 252661 1606379 1604708 2026-10-08T22:49:18Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606379 wikitext text/x-wiki '''UDPS''' ni chama cha kisiasa nchini [[Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]]. Kilianzishwa tarehe 15 Februari 1982 na Étienne Tshisekedi, Marcel Lihau, na wengineo<ref>{{fr}} ; ''Marie-France Cros : [http://www.lalibre.be/actu/monde/article/489331/la-descente-aux-enfers-de-l-udps.html, La Libre Belgique : La descente aux enfers de l’UDPS], La Libre Belgique, 17-03-2009, consulté le 27 août 2026</ref>. Ni mwanachama wa Progressive Alliance na International Socialist Alliance<ref>{{fr}} ; ''[https://www.socialistinternational.org/about-us/members/, Partis membres de l’IS] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, 27 août 2026</ref>. == Historia == Mnamo Desemba 1980, wabunge kumi na watatu kutoka chama kimoja, Movement of the Elderly, walitoa barua ya wazi kwa Rais Mobutu<ref name=":13">{{fr}} ; [https://www.radiookapi.net/2017/02/02/actualite/politique/etienne-tshisekedi-la-naissance-de-lopposition-mobutu, Etienne Tshisekedi, la naissance de l’opposition à Mobutu], éditeur la Radio Okapi, 02 02 2017</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{fr}} ; [https://www.radiookapi.net/sites/default/files/2017-02/lettre_des_13_parlementaires.pdf, Lettre ouverte au citoyen président-fondateur du mouvement populaire de la révolution, président de la république par un groupe de parlementaires], 01 11 1980</ref>. Kitabu hiki kinawakilisha changamoto ya kwanza kabisa isiyo ya kimabavu dhidi ya mfumo wa kisiasa wa Marshal Mobutu tangu mapinduzi ya kijeshi ya tarehe 24 Oktoba 1965, yaliyoingiza serikali ya Mobutu madarakani. Hati hiyo inahitimisha kwa mapendekezo kumi yanayomtaka Mobutu kuufanya mfumo wa kisiasa kuwa wa kidemokrasia kwa mujibu wa Ilani ya N’sele—hati ya msingi ya chama cha MPR, ambayo hapo awali ilikusudia MPR kuwa chama cha kisiasa cha kidemokrasia sambamba na chama cha pili, ambacho kuundwa kwake kuliainishwa katika Ibara ya 4 ya Katiba ya Juni 1967. Wabunge hao 13 walikamatwa mara moja lakini punde wakasamehewa na Mobutu. Badala yake, Mobutu aliamuru waondolewe katika mikoa yao na kuvuliwa nyadhifa zao kama Makomisari wa Umma<ref name=":13" />. Waliporejea Kinshasa mwaka wa 1981, Wazaire wengine waliungana na wale waliotia saini, na chama cha UDPS kilianzishwa tarehe 15 Februari 1982, chini ya Katiba ya mwaka wa 1967<ref name=":13" />. Baada ya Bunge la Kitaifa la mwaka 1991, Étienne Tshisekedi alichaguliwa kuwa Waziri Mkuu. Kwa sababu ya kuamua kususia uchaguzi wa urais na wa wabunge wa mwaka 2006, chama cha UDPS kiliondolewa katika taasisi zote za Kongo—katika ngazi ya mkoa na ya kitaifa—kati ya mwaka 2006 na 2011. Chama cha UDPS kilifanya mkutano wake wa kwanza wa hadhara kuanzia tarehe 10 hadi 4 Desemba 2010, ambapo Étienne Tshisekedi alichaguliwa kuwa rais wa chama. Mkutano huo mkuu ulifanya marekebisho ya katiba ya chama, ukaanzisha Umoja wa Vijana na Umoja wa Wanawake, na kufuta mifumo ya zamani ya chama, kama vile Baraza la Waanzilishi. Mnamo Septemba 2016, moto uliharibu makao makuu ya kanisa hilo jijini Kinshasa na kusababisha vifo vya watu watano. Washukiwa waliohusika na uchomaji huo wa makusudi waliaminika kuwa ni wanachama wa kundi la wanamgambo wenye uhusiano wa karibu na rais, [[Joseph Kabila]]<ref>{{fr}} ; ''François de Labarre, [http://www.parismatch.com/Actu/International/RDC-des-photos-qui-accusent-1074976 « RDC : des photos qui accusent »], parismatch.com, 24 septembre 2016</ref>. Baada ya kifo cha Étienne Tshisekedi mnamo Februari 2017, chama hicho kiliongozwa na katibu mkuu wake, Jean-Marc Kabund, aliyeshika wadhifa wa kiongozi wa mpito. Muungano wa upinzani (''Rassemblement de l'opposition''), ambao ulikuwa muungano wa vyama kadhaa vya upinzani, ulirekebishwa na kuwekwa chini ya uongozi wa pamoja wa Félix Tshisekedi (mwana wa Étienne Tshisekedi) na Pierre Lumbi, ambao walishika nyadhifa za uenyekiti. Bruno Tshibala aliondoka na kujiunga na kundi la Joseph Olenghankoy; na wiki chache baadaye akafukuzwa kutoka chama cha UDPS<ref>{{fr}} ; ''[http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20170407-rdc-opposant-bruno-tshibala-premier-ministre, l'ex-UDPS Bruno Tshibala devient Premier ministre], RFI Afrique, 07-04-2017</ref>. Badala yake, anajenga bawa jingine la Rally<ref>{{fr}} ; ''[http://www.france24.com/fr/20170409-rd-congo-rdc-dissensions-autour-nomination-premier-ministre-bruno-tshibala, RD Congo : dissensions autour de la nomination de Bruno Tshibala au poste de Premier ministre - France 24], sur France 24, consulté le 10 avril 2017</ref>. Mnamo mwezi wa Aprili, alichukua wadhifa wa Waziri Mkuu katika makubaliano ya kugawana madaraka na Joseph Kabila, uamuzi ambao umesababisha mgawanyiko ndani ya upinzani<ref>Tanguy Berthemet, ''[http://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2017/04/13/01003-20170413ARTFIG00233-kinshasa-malade-de-ses-hommes-politiques.php, « Kinshasa malade de ses hommes politiques »], ''Le Figaro'', 14 avril 2017, page 8.</ref>. Baadaye chama hicho kiligawanyika katika makundi manne: UDPS/Tshisekedi, UDPS/Le Peuple, UDPS/Kibassa, na UDPS/Tshibala<ref>{{fr}} ; ''[https://afrique.lalibre.be/36836/opinions-appel-a-un-dialogue-au-sein-de-la-grande-famille-udps/, Opinions: appel à un dialogue au sein de la grande famille UDPS], sur La Libre Afrique, consulté le 29 mai 2019</ref>. Kundi la pili linaongozwa na Tharcisse Loseke hadi Mei 2018<ref>{{fr}} ; ''[https://www.jeuneafrique.com/586935/politique/rdc-demission-du-president-du-parti-du-premier-ministre-bruno-tshibala/, RDC : le président de l’UDPS-Tshibala démissionne], sur JeuneAfrique.com, consulté le 29 mai 2019</ref>. Mnamo tarehe 30 na 31 Machi 2018, katika mkutano wa ghafla jijini Kinshasa, Félix Tshisekedi alichaguliwa kuwa Rais wa chama cha UDPS/Tshisekedi. Pia ameteuliwa kuwa mgombea wa chama hicho katika uchaguzi ujao wa urais, utakaofanyika mwezi Desemba 2018<ref>{{fr}} ; ''[http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20180331-rdc-felix-tshisekedi-elu-tete-udps-candidat-presidentielle, RDC: Félix Tshisekedi élu à la tête de l'UDPS, en marche pour la présidentielle], éditeur la RFI, 31 mars 2018</ref>. Baada ya kuchaguliwa kuwa Rais kwa muhula wa miaka mitano, Félix Tshisekedi amemteua Jean-Marc Kabund kuwa kiongozi wa muungano wa UDPS/Tshisekedi. Augustin Kabuya ameteuliwa kuwa Kaimu Katibu Mkuu<ref>{{fr}} ; ''[http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20190528-rdc-congo-organisations-jeunes-udps-crise-parti-kabund-tshisekedi, RDC: les organisations de jeunes de l'UDPS se mêlent à la crise du parti], sur RFI Afrique, consulté le 29 mai 2019</ref>. Mapema mwaka wa 2022, Jean-Marc Kabund, ambaye inasemekana alimpinga Félix Tshisekedi, alifukuzwa kutoka chama cha UDPS na kupoteza wadhifa wake wa uenyekiti wa muda. Kamati ya uongozi ilichukua jukumu la uenyekiti kwa ujumla wake<ref>{{fr}} ; ''[https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20220130-rdc-jean-marc-kabund-radi%C3%A9-de-l-udps, RDC: Jean-Marc Kabund radié de l'UDPS], 30 01 2022, éditeur la RFI</ref>. Mnamo Agosti 2024, Augustin Kabuya, ambaye amekuwa Katibu Mkuu wa chama hicho tangu mwaka 2022, alisimamishwa kazi na Convention Democratic Party (CDP)—chombo cha nidhamu cha chama cha UDPS. Alituhumiwa kuwa na "tabia zinazokinzana na maadili"<ref>{{fr}} ; ''[https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20240812-rdc-augustin-kabuya-chef-du-parti-pr%C3%A9sidentiel-udps-limog%C3%A9, RDC: Augustin Kabuya, chef du parti présidentiel UDPS, limogé], 12 08 2024, éditeur la RFI</ref>. Déogratias Challenges Balola ameteuliwa kuhudumu kama Katibu Mkuu wa muda<ref>{{fr}} ; ''[https://actualite.cd/2024/08/13/udps-dechu-par-la-cdp-augustin-kabuya-crie-la-violation-du-statut-du-parti-et-appelle-au, UDPS: Déchu par la CDP, Augustin Kabuya crie à la violation du statut du parti et appelle au boycott de cette décision], éditeur l'Actualite.cd, Samyr Lukombo</ref>. Hili linapingwa na washirika wa Kabuya, ambao wanashutumu CDP<ref>{{fr}} ; ''[https://www.radiookapi.net/2024/08/12/actualite/politique/crise-ludps-augustin-kabuya-rejette-sa-destitution-du-poste-de, Crise à l’UDPS : Augustin Kabuya rejette sa destitution du poste de secrétaire général], 12 08 2024, éditeur la radio Okapi</ref>. Mnamo mwezi Julai, kufuatia uingiliaji kati wa Marthe Kasalu — mke wa Étienne Tshisekedi na mama yake Rais Félix Tshisekedi — pande hizo mbili ziliamua "kuimarisha umoja wa ndani" wa chama cha UDPS, na Kabuya akabaki katika wadhifa wa katibu mkuu<ref>{{fr}} ; ''[https://www.radiookapi.net/2024/09/06/actualite/politique/crise-au-sein-de-ludps-les-deux-parties-en-conflit-annulent-les, Crise au sein de l’UDPS : les deux parties en conflit annulent les manifestations prévues samedi au siège du parti], 06 09 2024, éditeur la radio Okapi</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{fr}} ; ''[https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20241001-rdc-augustin-kabuya-du-parti-pr%C3%A9sidentiel-l-udps-plaide-pour-une-r%C3%A9vision-de-la-constitution, RDC: Augustin Kabuya du parti présidentiel, l’UDPS, plaide pour une révision de la Constitution], éditeur la Radio France internationale, 01 10 2024, Pascal Ligodi</ref>. == Kundi la Vijana la UDPS == Umoja wa Vijana wa UDPS ulianzishwa muda mfupi baada ya kuanzishwa kwa demokrasia mwaka 1990, ukiongozwa na vijana kama vile Godé Mwamba, Jacques Mbila, Aimée Boende, Georges Matungulu, Allen Mukendi Luaba Muana Katshi, Vianney Kabukanyi, Raymond Kahungu, na Raoul Muyelwa. Umoja wa Vijana wa UDPS ulianzishwa rasmi wakati wa Mkutano Mkuu wa mwaka 2010. Uliongozwa na Freddy Pinzi mwaka 2011, Bernard Baruti mwaka 2014, na kisha Yves Bunkulu Zola kuanzia mwaka 2018 hadi alipoteuliwa kujiunga na serikali. Baada ya Yves Bunkulu kuteuliwa katika baraza la mawaziri, Umoja wa Vijana umekuwa ukiongozwa na Emmany Dioko tangu tarehe 12 Oktoba. Umoja wa Vijana umekuwa mwanachama mtazamaji wa Shirikisho la Kimataifa la Vijana wa Kisoshalisti (IUSY) tangu mwaka 2018, na baadaye ukawa mwanachama kamili<ref>{{en}} ; ''[http://iusy.org/category/home/memberorganisations/, Member Organisations - International Union Of Socialist Youth], sur International Union Of Socialist Youth, consulté le 02-05-2023</ref>. == Wanachama Maarufu wa Chama == * [[Ève Bazaiba]], Kwa sasa na mjumbe wa MLC * [[Justin Bomboko]] * [[Justine Kasa-Vubu]] * [[Marcel Lihau]] * [[Roger Lumbala]] * [[Étienne Tshisekedi]] * [[Bruno Tshibala]] * [[Samy Badibanga]] * [[Félix Tshisekedi]] * [[Rémy Masamba]] * [[Jean-Marc Kabund]] * [[Jacquemain Shabani]] == Kundi == Wilaya ya Limete, eneo la makazi na la wafanyakazi jijini Kinshasa, ndilo ngome yake katika mji mkuu. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-siasa}} [[Jamii:siasa ya Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo]] cknmg4k5chqiq451lp7pb5zmhp8u5nc 0 253012 1606440 1604671 2026-10-09T08:43:06Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606440 wikitext text/x-wiki Allison Hrabluik ni [[msanii]] wa [[sanaa]] za kuona anayeishi [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]], nchini [[Kanada]]. Kazi yake hujikita zaidi katika [[video]], filamu za majaribio, na uhuishaji. Sanaa yake huchochewa na fasihi, simulizi, na usimulizi wa hadithi, huku mara nyingi akitumia mbinu za kawaida za sanaa kama vile kolagi, uchongaji, na sanaa ya uchapishaji.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.acad.ca/alumni/nominate-alum-award/alumni-award-recipients|title=Alumni award recipients {{!}} Alberta College of Art and Design|website=www.acad.ca|access-date=2018-03-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324162447/https://www.acad.ca/alumni/nominate-alum-award/alumni-award-recipients|archivedate=2018-03-24|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.connect.ecuad.ca/people/faculty?page=3&last=H|title=Faculty {{!}} Emily Carr University|website=www.connect.ecuad.ca|language=en|access-date=2018-03-10}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/longlist-announced-for-the-2014-sobey-art-award-514086611.html|title=Longlist Announced for the 2014 Sobey Art Award|website=www.newswire.ca|language=en|access-date=2018-03-10}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 6x5b6stypehlyefebl6z5bhvqwttjru 0 253194 1606283 1605204 2026-10-08T14:37:53Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606283 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Sanford Coats US Attorney.jpg|thumb|Mwanasheria wa Marekani wa Wilaya ya Magharibi ya Oklahoma]] '''Sanford Charles "Sandy" Coats''' (amezaliwa [[1971]]) alikuwa [[Mwanasheria]] wa [[Marekani]] katika [[Wilaya]] ya [[Magharibi]] ya [[Oklahoma]]. == Maisha ya awali na elimu== Coats alizaliwa mwaka 1971 huko Oklahoma City, Oklahoma<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Meet Sanford Coats - Main Justice|url=http://www.mainjustice.com/2009/10/12/meet-sanford-coats/|work=www.mainjustice.com|accessdate=2026-10-06|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091020212929/http://www.mainjustice.com/2009/10/12/meet-sanford-coats/|archivedate=2009-10-20|url-status=dead}}</ref>. [[Baba yetu|Baba]] yake, Andy Coats, aliwahi kuwa [[meya]] wa Oklahoma City na alikuwa mgombea wa [[Chama]] cha Democratic ambaye hakufanikiwa katika uchaguzi wa Seneti ya Marekani wa Oklahoma mwaka [[1980]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|title=Oklahoma City Bombing Moved U.S. Attorney Toward Public Service – Main Justice|url=http://www.mainjustice.com/2010/01/14/oklahoma-city-bombing-moved-u-s-attorney-toward-public-service/|work=www.mainjustice.com|accessdate=2026-10-06|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616171004/http://www.mainjustice.com/2010/01/14/oklahoma-city-bombing-moved-u-s-attorney-toward-public-service/|archivedate=2010-06-16|url-status=dead}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{Marejeo}} {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {{BD|1971|}} [[Jamii:wanasiasa wa Marekani]] p7h3ogugojhnwtv7ffo6vxff1mnd4w1 0 253338 1606364 1605387 2026-10-08T19:50:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606364 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tek Bahadur Chokhal''' (''Kinepali'': टेकबहादुर चोख्याल) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] kutoka Nepal na kiongozi wa Chama cha Kongamano la Nepal. Alikuwa mjumbe wa Pratinidhi Sabha baada ya kuchaguliwa katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 1999 kwa tiketi ya Chama cha Kongamano la Nepal. Wakati wa mgawanyiko ndani ya chama, alijiunga na Chama cha Kongamano la Nepal (Kidemokrasia). Chokhal alikuwa mgombea wa Chama cha Kongamano la Nepal katika Jimbo la Kailali-6 katika [[uchaguzi]] wa Bunge Maalumu la Katiba wa mwaka 2008.<ref>[http://www.gorkhapatra.org.np/content.php?nid=36915 The Rising Nepal] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Deprecated link archived 2007-07-26 at archive.today</ref> Mwaka 2002, Chokhal alikuwa Waziri wa Sheria katika [[serikali]] iliyoongozwa na Sher Bahadur Deuba. Alichaguliwa kuwa mjumbe wa Baraza la Wawakilishi mara mbili. Pia aliwahi kuwa msemaji wa chama bungeni na msemaji mkuu wa chama bungeni wa Chama cha Kongamano la Nepal. Chokhal alifariki mjini Kathmandu tarehe 13 Novemba 2009. Kifo chake kilihusishwa na kutokwa damu nyingi puani, ingawa awali alikuwa ameripoti kuwa na matatizo katika mapafu na ini. Aliacha mke, wana wawili na binti mmoja.<ref>[https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/nc-leader-chokhyal-passes-away-at-59 "NC leader Chokhyal passes away at 59".] The Himalayan. Nov 15, 2009.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2009]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Nepal]] 7mdcd1tposgn2pvulzhlegwk6gjo1t9 0 253417 1606232 1605901 2026-10-08T13:03:14Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606232 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roxanne Nesbitt''' ni [[msanii]] wa [[Kanada]] wa fani mbalimbali anayefanya kazi katika maeneo yanayokutana kati ya sauti na ubunifu. Alizaliwa huko [[Edmonton]], [[Alberta]], akiwa na asili mchanganyiko ya [[Wahindi]] wa Karibea na [[Europe]] ya [[Europe]]; ana shahada ya [[Muziki]] kutoka University of Alberta na shahada ya Uzamili wa Usanifu Majengo kutoka University of British Columbia.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea jarida |last=Constant |first=Sara |date=2021 |title=Roxanne Nesbitt’s Sonic Investigations |url=https://www.musicworks.ca/roxanne-nesbitt-sonic-investigations |journal=Musicworks Magazine |issue=141}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Hsu |first=Teddy |date=2022-05-13 |title=Roxanne Nesbitt Moon Bells Symbiotic {{!}} Evolution 107.9 |url=https://commons.bcit.ca/evolution1079/2022/05/13/roxanne-nesbitt-moon-bells-symbiotic/ |access-date=2023-08-08 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Rejea tovuti |title=Roxanne Nesbitt's Soft Storms Welcomed and Jason Doell's Leaning Into Softness {{!}} Musicworks magazine |url=https://www.musicworks.ca/featured-article/honorable-mentions-nesbitt-doell |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=www.musicworks.ca}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Course Outlines |url=http://www.sfu.ca/$classNewsController.getPageURL() |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=www.sfu.ca}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=About Currently |url=https://currentlyarts.org/about/ |access-date=2023-08-07 |website=Currently Arts Society |language=en-CA}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 0nk4glza8k1asfr153zpns5jkf4d0yf 0 253459 1606353 1605675 2026-10-08T18:47:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606353 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Reynolds Crease''' ([[18 Novemba]], [[1855]] – [[15 Julai]], [[1947]]) alikuwa msanii wa Kanada aliyezaliwa [[England]] na mwanaharakati wa kutetea haki za wanawake.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/exhibits/bc-archives-time-machine/galler01/frames/crease12a.htm |title=Meet the Crease Family |publisher=Royal BC Museum |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303123452/https://royalbcmuseum.bc.ca/exhibits/bc-archives-time-machine/galler01/frames/crease12a.htm |archivedate=2017-03-03 |accessdate=2026-10-07 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FLRG-BJR |title=Person Details for Susan Reynolds Crease |website=familysearch.org}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1855|1947}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 3sh9fihjs0qwfc7ydvjar3pn6urk42e 0 253603 1606313 1605942 2026-10-08T16:09:28Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606313 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheba Deireragea''' (alizaliwa 28 Mei 1986) ni mnyanyua [[uzito]] kutoka Nauru. Mwaka 2006, mama yake Marjorie alitajwa kuwa mtu aliyekuwa akimpa msukumo, huku mnyanyua uzito Marcus Stephen akitajwa kuwa sanamu yake ya michezo.<ref>[http://melbourne2006.com.au/Participants/Participants?ID=108056 "Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games bio".] {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Melbourne2006.com.au. 1986-05-28. Retrieved 2013-12-01.</ref> Sheba Deireragea alishinda medali tatu za shaba akiiwakilisha Nauru katika [[Michezo]] ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya 2002. Pia alishinda [[medali]] ya fedha akiiwakilisha Nauru katika Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya 2006.<ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/news/weight-lifting/lovely-day-for-weight-of-gold/2006/03/21/1142703363749.html "'Lovely day for weight of gold' in the Sydney Morning Herald of March 22, 2006".] Smh.com.au. 22 March 2006. Retrieved 2013-12-01.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1986]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] k9ar1swgxh2c7c4gypr1t9wmtg8ugct 0 253637 1606384 1605990 2026-10-09T00:21:36Z Dostojewskij 18883 Faili:Bella Hadid at the 2026 Cannes Film Festival 01.jpg 1606384 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Bella Hadid at the 2026 Cannes Film Festival 01.jpg|thumb|Bella Hadid (2026)]] '''Isabella Khair Hadid''' (alizaliwa [[9 Oktoba]] [[1996]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa mitindo kutoka [[Marekani]]. Mwaka [[2022]], alitajwa kuwa Mwanamitindo Bora wa Mwaka na Baraza la Mitindo la [[Uingereza]]. Katika kipindi cha kazi yake, Hadid ameonekana angalau mara 35 kwenye majalada ya kimataifa ya jarida la ''Vogue''. Jarida la ''Time'' lilimtaja kuwa miongoni mwa watu 100 wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi [[Dunia|duniani]] katika orodha yake ya kila mwaka ya mwaka [[2023]]. Hadid alianza kazi yake ya uanamitindo akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 16. Alisaini [[mkataba]] na IMG Models mwezi Agosti 2014, na mwezi uliofuata akafanya onyesho lake la kwanza katika Wiki ya Mitindo ya New York. Mwaka [[2016]], wataalamu wa sekta ya uanamitindo walimpigia kura kuwa “Mwanamitindo Bora wa Mwaka” kupitia Models.com.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7194079/</ref><ref>https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/bella_hadid/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} sbrl6piarr3puqtkm1w47jyvk995o2x 0 253711 1606327 1606131 2026-10-08T16:57:18Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1606327 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Taslim Samji''' ni [[msanii]] wa [[Kanada]] wa fani mbalimbali, mwandishi na msimamizi wa maonyesho anayeishi na kufanya kazi huko [[Burnaby]], [[British Columbia]].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Samji|first1=Taslim|title=Art by Samji|url=https://artbytsamji.wordpress.com/about/|accessdate=21 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=News |first=Drishti |date=2025-05-23 |title=TASLIM SAMJI - OVERCOMING CULTURAL BARRIERS TO FIND HER PURPOSE |url=https://drishtimagazine.com/taslim-samji-overcoming-cultural-barriers-to-find-her-purpose/ |access-date=2026-03-07 |website=Drishti Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 7aul8xldxkvw8x1qr5llz1q50oi317n 0 253713 1606268 1606138 2026-10-08T13:54:08Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1606268 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hilda Katherine Lilith Ross''' ([[26 Novemba]], [[1902]] – [[8 Septemba]], [[1989]]) alikuwa mfinyanzi, [[mchoraji]] na mwelimishaji wa [[Kanada]] aliyefanya kazi hasa huko [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]].<ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=The Dictionary of Canadian Artists. (Volumes 1–8 by Colin S. MacDonald, and volume 9 by Anne Newlands and Judith Parker)|last=MacDonald|first=Colin S.|publisher=National Gallery of Canada|year=2009|location=Ottawa|pages=2300}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://cwahi.concordia.ca/sources/artists/displayArtist.php?ID_artist=5179|title=Canadian Women Artists History Initiative|website=Canadian Women Artists History Initiative|url-status=live|access-date=March 9, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910170003/http://cwahi.concordia.ca/sources/artists/displayArtist.php?ID_artist=5179|archive-date=September 10, 2015}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1902|1989}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 996f7c2biyy220edkb5eg6oy73qqqge 0 253719 1606272 1606157 2026-10-08T14:10:32Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1606272 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joanne Robertson''', anayejulikana pia kama '''Misko Anungo Kwe''' au '''Mwanamke wa Nyota Nyekundu''', ni [[mwandishi]], mchoraji wa vitabu na [[mwanaharakati]] wa ulinzi wa maji wa [[Kanada]]. Joanne ni mwanachama wa Atikameksheng Anishnawbek na ni wa ukoo wa Tai Mwenye Upara.<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://thewordonthestreet.ca/toronto/festival/participants/joanne-robertson/|title=Joanne Robertson|website=thewordonthestreet.ca|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.emptyglassforwater.ca/nyk/?page_id=313|title=Take Action « EG4W – Empty Glass For Water|website=www.emptyglassforwater.ca|language=en-US|access-date=14 March 2018}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] imr6tmivwnnn0p8w8qcz5wuosp8oa7v 0 253721 1606326 1606166 2026-10-08T16:52:55Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 5 template(s) replaced. 1606326 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Suzanne Rivard-Lemoyne''' ([[28 Machi]], [[1928]] – [[29 Oktoba]], [[2012]])<ref>{{Rejea habari|url=https://arts.uottawa.ca/visualarts/news/memory-suzanne-rivard-moyne-1928-2012|title=In Memory of Suzanne Rivard Le Moyne, 1928-2012|work=Visual Arts|access-date=2018-03-08|language=en}}</ref>alikuwa [[msanii]] aliyezaliwa huko [[Quebec City]], [[Quebec]], ambaye baadaye alihamia [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], na anajulikana kwa mchango wake mkubwa katika usimamizi wa sanaa.<ref name=":2">{{Rejea kitabu|title=Survol: Suzanne Rivard Le Moyne|last=Bénichou|first=Anne|last2=Génier|first2=Diane|publisher=The Ottawa Art Gallery|year=1996|isbn=1-895108-26-8|location=Ottawa|pages=52–53}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Rejea jarida|last=Allen|first=Jan|date=1992|title=The Anatomy of Excellence: The Canada Council Art Bank Collection, 1972–1983|journal=Queen's University Dissertations|page=8|id={{ProQuest| }} }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/a-teacher-supporter-and-friend-of-the-arts/article6784779/|title=A teacher, supporter and friend of the arts|last=Everett-Green|first=Robert|date=December 28, 2012|work=The Globe and Mail|access-date=2018-03-12}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida|last=Rhodes|first=Richard|date=Spring 2003|title=And then: 2003 Governor General's Awards in Visual and Media Arts|journal=Canadian Art|volume=20|issue=1|page=111|id={{ProQuest| }} }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1928|2012}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 39d4itx0ifn3c2nutzjtba9e6vtuhcz 0 253728 1606325 1606184 2026-10-08T16:47:49Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1606325 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Skeena Reece''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1974]]) ni [[msanii]] wa Cree, Tsimshian, Gitksan, na Métis anayeishi na kufanya kazi nchini [[Kanada]], ambaye kazi yake ya fani mbalimbali inajumuisha aina kama [[sanaa ya maonyesho]], "uigizaji mtakatifu wa kichekesho," utunzi wa nyimbo, na sanaa ya video.<ref name=":02">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.themedicineproject.com/skeena-reece.html|title=The Medicine Project {{!}} Skeena Reece|last=gallery|first=grunt|website=www.themedicineproject.com|language=en|access-date=2018-03-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250419054607/https://themedicineproject.com/skeena-reece.html|archive-date=April 19, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Skeena Reece {{!}} Women & Masks: An Arts-Research Project |url=https://sites.bu.edu/womenandmasks/skeena-reece/ |access-date=2026-03-08 |website=sites.bu.edu}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1974|}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 64e1x6qeahs1miny9o2tn9fh07k0io5 0 253731 1606311 1606187 2026-10-08T16:06:43Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1606311 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nina Raginsky''' (amezaliwa [[14 Aprili]], [[1941]]) ni [[mpiga picha]] wa [[Kanada]] aliyepokea heshima ya Agizo la Kanada mwaka 1984.<ref name="ago " >Nina Raginsky Photographs: August 25-September 30, 1979 (1979). Art Gallery of Ontario (pamphlet).</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nina-raginsky/#h3_jump_0|title=Nina Raginsky|last=ABBOTT|first=LOUISE|date=February 8, 2008|website=The Canadian Encyclopedia|publisher=Historica Canada|access-date=June 26, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701194143/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/nina-raginsky/#h3_jump_0|archive-date=July 1, 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>''Faking Death:Canadian Art Photography and the Canadian Imagination''. (2003) [[Penny Cousineau-Levine|Cousineau-Levine, Penny]].</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1941|}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 8p5qa7ker76zjfdi4y51dj2i6xds965 0 253733 1606331 1606189 2026-10-08T17:14:58Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1606331 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vera Frenkel''' (amezaliwa [[10 Novemba]], [[1938]]) ni [[msanii]] wa [[Kanada]] wa fani mbalimbali anayeishi na kufanya kazi huko [[Toronto]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vera Frenkel|url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/vera-frenkel|publisher=[[The Canadian Encyclopedia]]|access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea jarida|url=https://frieze.com/article/vera-frenkel|title=Vera Frenkel|journal=Frieze|date=12 August 2014|issue=165|language=en|access-date=2017-03-04|last1=Cwynar|first1=Kari}}</ref><ref>Selected Exhibitions, Cartographie d'un pratique / Mapping a Practice, [[Daniel Langlois Foundation]] 2010 [http://www.fondation-langlois.org/html/e/page.php?NumPage=2240]</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1938|}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 52n0qtteyec2iy9z0h095s356rv1c8v 0 253734 1606300 1606190 2026-10-08T15:02:32Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1606300 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maida Parlow French''' ([[1891]] – [[1977]])<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Maida Parlow French |url=https://dhil.lib.sfu.ca/doceww/person/1597 |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=Database of Canadian Early Women Writers}}</ref> alikuwa [[Mkanada]] [[mwandishi]] na [[msanii]]. Kazi zake zinajumuisha ''Boughs Bend Over'' (1943), ''All This to Keep'' (1947), na ''riwaya ya tawasifu'' ''Apples Don't Just Grow'' (1954).<ref>{{cite book|last=Ammer|first=Christine|title=Unsung: a history of women in American music|year=2001|publisher=Hal Leonard Corporation|isbn=978-1-57467-061-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O_GRCkxiXVwC&q=%22Maida+Parlow+French%22&pg=PA320|page=320}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1891|1977}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] fz05gww72ywjmsq6l7q0x9gln3zwh3a 0 253735 1606191 2026-10-08T12:00:49Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''William Lester Armstrong Jr.''' ([[16 Machi]] [[1937]] – [[5 Julai]] [[2016]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]], [[msimamizi]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Republican na aliwahi kuwa mwakilishi na seneta wa Marekani kutoka [[Colorado]]. == Maisha ya awali na kazi == Armstrong alizaliwa tarehe 16 Machi 1937 huko Fremont, Nebraska, na alihitimu kutoka Lincoln Northeast High School. Alikuwa mtoto wa William Lester Armstro...' 1606191 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Lester Armstrong Jr.''' ([[16 Machi]] [[1937]] – [[5 Julai]] [[2016]]) alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]], [[msimamizi]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Republican na aliwahi kuwa mwakilishi na seneta wa Marekani kutoka [[Colorado]]. == Maisha ya awali na kazi == Armstrong alizaliwa tarehe 16 Machi 1937 huko Fremont, Nebraska, na alihitimu kutoka Lincoln Northeast High School. Alikuwa mtoto wa William Lester Armstrong na Dorothy Steen Armstrong. Babu yake kwa upande wa mama alikuwa mhudumu wa Kanisa la Presbyterian, na mjomba wake wa kizazi cha pili, Alexander Majors, alikuwa mwanzilishi mwenza wa Pony Express, Central Overland California na Pike's Peak Express Company. == Kazi ya kitaaluma == Armstrong alivutiwa na redio tangu utotoni. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 11, alifanya mahojiano katika kituo cha redio cha eneo lake huko Fremont na akapewa kipindi chake mwenyewe mwishoni mwa wiki ili kufanya mazoezi ya ujuzi wa kuwa mtangazaji wa muziki. Baada ya shule ya sekondari, alikutana na Todd Storz, anayejulikana kama baba wa mfumo wa redio wa Top 40. Storz alimwajiri Armstrong katika KOWH huko Omaha, Nebraska, kisha akamhamishia WTIX huko New Orleans, ambako Armstrong akawa mtangazaji wa kwanza wa muziki wa Top 40 wa Marekani aliyekuwa kijana. Akiwa huko, alihudhuria kwa muda mfupi Tulane University, lakini miaka miwili baadaye, mwaka 1956, alihamia Minneapolis kufanya kazi katika WDGY. Huko alisoma baadhi ya kozi katika University of Minnesota lakini hakupata shahada. Ndani ya miezi michache, aliteuliwa kuwa Mkurugenzi wa Vipindi katika kituo hicho cha redio akiwa na umri wa miaka 20. Kisha aliamua kujiunga na Colorado Army National Guard kuanzia mwaka 1957 hadi 1963, ambako alipata cheo cha Luteni wa Kwanza. Baada ya kurudi kutoka katika utumishi akiwa na umri wa miaka 22 mwaka 1959, Armstrong alinunua kituo cha redio KOSI-AM huko Aurora, Colorado, ambacho baadaye kilibadilishwa jina kuwa KEZW mwaka 1981. Armstrong alianzisha KOSI-FM mwaka 1968 kabla ya kuuza vituo vyote viwili, KOSI-AM na KOSI-FM, miaka 25 baadaye. Pia alikuwa rais wa Ambassador Media, iliyokuwa inamiliki kituo cha televisheni KPVI huko Pocatello, Idaho, pamoja na vituo vya satelaiti KKVI huko Twin Falls, Idaho na KJVI huko Jackson, Wyoming. == Kazi ya kisiasa == Mwaka 1962, Armstrong alimuoa Ellen M. Eaton. Mwaka huo huo, akawa mtu mwenye umri mdogo zaidi wakati huo kuwahi kuchaguliwa katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Colorado, ambako alihudumu kwa muhula mmoja. Kisha alihudumu katika Seneti ya Jimbo la Colorado kuanzia mwaka 1964 hadi 1972, ikiwemo mihula miwili kama Rais wa Seneti. Mwaka 1972, Armstrong alichaguliwa kuwa mwanachama wa Bunge la Marekani kutoka wilaya mpya ya tano. Alichaguliwa tena katika Bunge la 94 na la 95. Mwaka 1978, Armstrong alichaguliwa kuwa Seneta wa Marekani baada ya kumshinda mwanaanga wa zamani Jack Swigert katika uchaguzi wa awali wa Chama cha Republican mwezi Septemba, na kumshinda seneta aliyekuwa madarakani wa Chama cha Democratic, Floyd Haskell, mwezi Novemba. Yeye na Swigert wakawa marafiki wa karibu, na Armstrong alikuwa pamoja na mwanaanga huyo wa zamani alipofariki kutokana na saratani mwezi Desemba 1982. Alichaguliwa tena mwaka 1984 na alihudumu katika Seneti kwa miaka 12. Armstrong alihudumu katika Kamati za Benki, Fedha na Bajeti, na alijulikana kwa juhudi zake zilizofanikiwa za kuweka viwango vya kodi ya mapato binafsi kulingana na kiwango cha mfumuko wa bei. Kiongozi wa Wengi katika Seneti, Robert "Bob" Dole, baadaye alimuita Armstrong "baba wa upangaji wa viwango vya kodi kulingana na mfumuko wa bei". Mwaka 1980, Armstrong alifanya kazi kwa bidii kuhakikisha manufaa ya GI Bill yanakuwa ya kudumu kwa wanajeshi wa Marekani. Mwezi Februari 1982, Seneta Armstrong pamoja na Mbunge Carlos Moorhead walidhamini azimio S.J. Res 165 lililoruhusu na kumwomba Rais kutangaza mwaka 1983 kuwa "Mwaka wa Biblia". Rais Ronald Reagan alitekeleza azimio hilo kupitia Public Law 97-280. Baada ya mwaka 1983 kutangazwa rasmi kuwa Mwaka wa Biblia, Armstrong alihudumu katika Kamati ya Kitaifa iliyoanzishwa ili kusaidia kuelekeza umakini wa umma kwenye maadhimisho ya mwaka huo. Mwaka 1983, Armstrong alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Kamati Ndogo ya Seneti ya Fedha kuhusu Hifadhi ya Jamii na alihudumu katika Tume ya Kitaifa kuhusu Marekebisho ya Hifadhi ya Jamii, ambayo iliundwa kutafuta suluhisho la ufadhili wa muda mrefu wa mpango huo. Alikuwa mjumbe pekee wa tume aliyepiga kura dhidi ya ripoti yake ya mwisho ya mwaka 1983 kwa sababu haikujumuisha mabadiliko yoyote katika umri wa kustahili kustaafu, ingawa msimamo wake ulijumuishwa katika sheria ya mwisho iliyopitishwa na Bunge. Pia mwaka 1983, Armstrong aliandika dibaji ya kitabu cha Daniel O. Graham kuhusu Project High Frontier, ''We Must Defend America and Put an End to MADness''. Katika dibaji hiyo, Armstrong alikosoa sera ya Marekani ya Mutual Assured Destruction na kutetea sera mpya, hasa ile iliyopendekezwa na Project High Frontier, ya kulinda Marekani dhidi ya makombora ya balestiki ya masafa marefu ya Umoja wa Kisovyeti. Wakati wa kipindi chake cha uongozi, Seneta Armstrong alifanya kazi katika marekebisho ya mfumo wa ustawi wa jamii. Aliunga mkono kupitishwa kwa Family Support Act ya 1988, ambayo ilikuwa mabadiliko ya kwanza katika kanuni za ustawi wa jamii ndani ya miaka 50. Akifanya kazi pamoja na Seneta Daniel Patrick Moynihan na magavana Bill Clinton wa Arkansas na Mike Castle wa Delaware, sheria hiyo ya mwisho ilipitishwa na Seneti kwa kura 93–3. Sheria hiyo mpya iliweka kwa mara ya kwanza masharti ya kufanya kazi kwa wapokeaji wa msaada wa ustawi wa jamii wenye uwezo wa kufanya kazi, kwa kiwango cha saa 16 kwa wiki. Sheria hiyo pia iliongeza manufaa ya ustawi kwa familia zisizo na ajira zenye wazazi wawili na kujumuisha masharti ya utekelezaji wa malipo ya malezi ya watoto yaliyoungwa mkono na Armstrong, hitaji kwa wazazi walio chini ya umri wa utu uzima kusoma shuleni, pamoja na mchakato wa uchunguzi uliolenga kupunguza madai ya udanganyifu. Mwaka 1985, mojawapo ya mafanikio muhimu ya Armstrong lilikuwa Sheria ya Kumbukumbu ya Mashujaa wa Vita vya Korea, ambayo aliwasilisha. Alidhamini mswada wa Seneti wa kuidhinisha kumbukumbu hiyo iliyofadhiliwa na watu binafsi, ambao ulipitishwa mwaka 1986. Baada ya kupitishwa kwake, alishiriki katika juhudi nyingi za kuchangisha fedha katika muongo uliofuata, akifanya kazi kwa karibu na rafiki yake wa muda mrefu na mkongwe wa Vita vya Korea, Mbunge Mike McKevitt. Mswada wa mwisho uliowasilishwa na Armstrong kabla ya kustaafu kutoka Seneti uliidhinisha U.S. Mint kutoa sarafu ya fedha ya kukumbuka kumbukumbu ya miaka 38 ya vita hivyo. Mapato kutokana na mauzo ya sarafu hiyo, ambayo hatimaye yalizidi dola milioni 22, yalisaidia kugharamia kumbukumbu hiyo. Mswada huo ulipitishwa na kupelekwa kwa Rais siku tatu tu kabla ya hotuba ya Armstrong ya kuwaaga wajumbe wa Seneti. Seneta Armstrong alipinga ongezeko la mishahara ya wabunge na aliwakosoa maseneta waliopiga kura kuongeza mishahara au, katika tukio moja, walioruhusu ongezeko la mishahara la asilimia 50 kuanza kutumika bila kupiga kura. Pia alijulikana mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1980 kwa kudhamini hatua muhimu ya uhifadhi wa udongo iliyojulikana kama "Sodbuster bill", ambayo ilinyima ruzuku za serikali kwa kulima maeneo ya nyasi yaliyokuwa hatarini kuharibika. Hatua hiyo ilipitishwa kama sehemu ya Farm Bill ya mwaka 1985. Alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Republican Policy Committee katika Mabunge ya 99 hadi 101. Armstrong aliamua kustaafu na hakugombea tena uchaguzi mwaka 1990. Katika kipindi chote cha mwaka 1986, kulikuwa na uvumi mkubwa kwamba Armstrong angegombea urais mwaka 1988. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] k88083g4trdj97anwq9yj1vt2qy3grt 0 253736 1606192 2026-10-08T12:02:31Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Al Freeman''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1981]] nchini [[Kanada]]) ni [[msanii]] anayeishi na kufanya kazi huko [[New York]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-14 |title=56 Henry, Al Freeman |url=https://56henry.nyc/artists/al-freeman/information/56henry.nyc |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=56 Henry, Al Freeman}}</ref>Katika [[sanamu]] zake, Freeman huunda upya vitu vya kila siku kwa ukubwa uliotiwa chumvi, na kuvifanya vionekane vimevimba na vyenye hisia ya kugusik...' 1606192 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Al Freeman''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1981]] nchini [[Kanada]]) ni [[msanii]] anayeishi na kufanya kazi huko [[New York]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-14 |title=56 Henry, Al Freeman |url=https://56henry.nyc/artists/al-freeman/information/56henry.nyc |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=56 Henry, Al Freeman}}</ref>Katika [[sanamu]] zake, Freeman huunda upya vitu vya kila siku kwa ukubwa uliotiwa chumvi, na kuvifanya vionekane vimevimba na vyenye hisia ya kugusika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-14 |title=56 Henry, Al Freeman |url=https://56henry.nyc/artists/al-freeman/information/56henry.nyc |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=56 Henry, Al Freeman}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-14 |title=56 Henry, Soft Dirty Blonde |url=https://56henry.nyc/exhibitions/barely-fair/56henry.nyc |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=56 Henry, Soft Dirty Blonde}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-27 |title=56 Henry, Floors |url=https://56henry.nyc/exhibitions/floors/56henry.nyc |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=56 Henry, Floors}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1981|}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 20jmlbt4bnj4yaeijjjchw7xp907ibr 1606424 1606192 2026-10-09T07:34:16Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 4 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606424 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Al Freeman''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1981]] nchini [[Kanada]]) ni [[msanii]] anayeishi na kufanya kazi huko [[New York]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-14 |title=56 Henry, Al Freeman |url=https://56henry.nyc/artists/al-freeman/information/56henry.nyc |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=56 Henry, Al Freeman}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>Katika [[sanamu]] zake, Freeman huunda upya vitu vya kila siku kwa ukubwa uliotiwa chumvi, na kuvifanya vionekane vimevimba na vyenye hisia ya kugusika.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-14 |title=56 Henry, Al Freeman |url=https://56henry.nyc/artists/al-freeman/information/56henry.nyc |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=56 Henry, Al Freeman}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-14 |title=56 Henry, Soft Dirty Blonde |url=https://56henry.nyc/exhibitions/barely-fair/56henry.nyc |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=56 Henry, Soft Dirty Blonde}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-10-27 |title=56 Henry, Floors |url=https://56henry.nyc/exhibitions/floors/56henry.nyc |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=56 Henry, Floors}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1981|}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] a83j6hd29tybmzrrzxsgne8vtmqoxrs 0 253737 1606193 2026-10-08T12:05:44Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Carol Hoorn Fraser''' ([[1930]] – [[1991]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] wa sanaa ya maumbo halisi aliyezaliwa [[Marekani]], ambaye aliishi na kufanya kazi kwa miaka thelathini huko [[Nova Scotia]], [[Kanada]].<ref name="macDonald ">A Dictionary of Canadian Artists, volumes 1-8 by Colin S. MacDonald, and volume 9 (online only), by Anne Newlands and Judith Parker National Gallery of Canada / Musée des beaux-arts du Canada</ref><ref name="jottings">{{cite web |t...' 1606193 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Carol Hoorn Fraser''' ([[1930]] – [[1991]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] wa sanaa ya maumbo halisi aliyezaliwa [[Marekani]], ambaye aliishi na kufanya kazi kwa miaka thelathini huko [[Nova Scotia]], [[Kanada]].<ref name="macDonald ">A Dictionary of Canadian Artists, volumes 1-8 by Colin S. MacDonald, and volume 9 (online only), by Anne Newlands and Judith Parker National Gallery of Canada / Musée des beaux-arts du Canada</ref><ref name="jottings">{{cite web |title=Carol Hoorn Fraser |url=http://www.jottings.ca |website=www.jottings.ca |publisher=John Fraser |access-date=11 August 2022}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1930|1991}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] dxfpv8pdvqos215ebyxn6egykkn6vmd 0 253738 1606195 2026-10-08T12:07:47Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jan Crull Jr.''' ni mtetezi wa [[haki]] za Wenyeji wa [[Marekani]], [[mwanasheria]] na mtengenezaji wa [[filamu]]. == Ushiriki katika masuala ya Wenyeji wa Marekani == Kuanzia mwaka 1979 hadi mwanzoni mwa mwaka 1981, Jan Crull Jr. alikuwa mfanyakazi wa kujitolea katika Ramah Navajo Indian Reservation huko [[New Mexico]], ambako alitoa mchango mkubwa katika kuboresha hali ya maisha ya Wanavajo wa Ramah. Ingawa alikuwa mfanyakazi wa kujitolea, alipewa ch...' 1606195 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jan Crull Jr.''' ni mtetezi wa [[haki]] za Wenyeji wa [[Marekani]], [[mwanasheria]] na mtengenezaji wa [[filamu]]. == Ushiriki katika masuala ya Wenyeji wa Marekani == Kuanzia mwaka 1979 hadi mwanzoni mwa mwaka 1981, Jan Crull Jr. alikuwa mfanyakazi wa kujitolea katika Ramah Navajo Indian Reservation huko [[New Mexico]], ambako alitoa mchango mkubwa katika kuboresha hali ya maisha ya Wanavajo wa Ramah. Ingawa alikuwa mfanyakazi wa kujitolea, alipewa cheo cha ''Assistant to the President and the Chapter'' (serikali ya eneo la hifadhi hiyo) kupitia kura ya jamii katikati ya Agosti 1979. Kupatikana kwa [[sheria]] ya shirikisho ''Public Law 96-333'' ilikuwa mojawapo ya mafanikio yake makubwa, kwani iliwawezesha Wanavajo wa Ramah kupata haki ya kisheria ya kumiliki ardhi ambayo walikuwa wameishi kwa vizazi. Pia iliwawezesha watu walioishi katika ardhi hiyo kustahili kupata huduma na manufaa yaliyotolewa na mashirika na idara za serikali ya shirikisho. Sheria hiyo ilikuwa na historia yenye misukosuko ya miaka 19 kutokana na migogoro kuhusu sheria hiyo ndani ya ujumbe wa wabunge wa New Mexico, Kamati ya Masuala ya Ndani na Maeneo ya Visiwa ya Baraza la Wawakilishi la Marekani, siasa za eneo za Wanavajo na Taifa la Navajo, pamoja na migogoro kati ya makundi hayo yote kuhusu uhusiano wake na haki za njia za reli kuelekea Starlake Coal Fields. Wakati maseneta wa Marekani na wanasheria kutoka kampuni maarufu za Washington, D.C. walikuwa wameshindwa kupata hatua kutoka kwa Bunge kuhusu suala hilo, Crull alifanikiwa. Katika mchakato huo, pia aliwafundisha Wanavajo wa Ramah jinsi ya kupata haki zote za madini zilizo chini ya ardhi katika maeneo aliyowasaidia kuyapata kupitia ''Public Law 97-434''. Kazi ya Crull kwa Wanavajo wa Ramah ilisababisha kuteuliwa kwake kwa Rockefeller Public Service Award mwaka 1981. Uteuzi wake uliungwa mkono na maseneta wa Marekani na mbunge wa Marekani ambaye alifanya kazi pamoja naye kuhakikisha sheria hiyo inapitishwa katika mabunge yote mawili ya Bunge la Marekani, wakiwemo Dennis DeConcini, Pete Domenici, Manuel Lujan Jr., John Melcher na Paul Simon. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1980, Jan Crull Jr. alifanya kazi kama mtaalamu wa kitaalamu katika Kamati Ndogo ya Elimu ya Baada ya Sekondari ya Baraza la Wawakilishi la Marekani, ambayo wakati huo iliongozwa na Paul Simon. Crull alihusika na kuandaa sheria ya kuidhinisha upya ''Tribal College Act'' (''The Tribally Controlled Community College Assistance Act''), kuunda masharti maalumu kwa Wenyeji wa Marekani katika ''Library Services Construction Act'', pamoja na masuala mengine yanayohusiana na elimu ya Wahindi wa Marekani. Akitambua athari hasi ambazo baadaye zingejulikana kama Reaganomics zingekuwa nazo katika elimu ya Wahindi wa Marekani, hasa vyuo vya makabila, aliitisha mkutano wa marais wote wa vyuo vya makabila na viongozi wengine wa Wahindi wa Marekani alasiri ya tarehe 21 Julai 1981 katika American Indian Bank iliyokuwa imefungwa baadaye huko Washington, D.C. Huko alipendekeza kuanzishwa kwa American Indian College Fund, kwa mfano wa United Negro College Fund, na serikali ya Marekani kutoa fedha zinazolingana na michango ya mfuko huo kwa kiwango kitakachoamuliwa na Bunge la Marekani. Wazo hili la ''matching funds'' lilitokana na kurekebisha lugha ya zamani ya ''Allen Bill'' na kuiingiza katika sheria ya kuidhinisha upya vyuo vya makabila. == Mwanasheria, benki ya uwekezaji na shughuli nyingine za kazi == Mbali na ushiriki wake katika masuala ya Wenyeji wa Marekani, kazi ya Crull imehusisha kufundisha katika ngazi zote za elimu, kusimamia shule ya sekondari ya umma ya Marekani iliyokuwa miongoni mwa shule bora nchini, kutetea vijana waliotuhumiwa kwa makosa makubwa alipokuwa katika shule ya sheria, kufanya mazungumzo ya mikataba ya kimataifa ya biashara iliyohusisha mikataba yenye vipengele vingi, pamoja na kushughulikia masuala ya mashirika kwa mtazamo wa kimataifa na kufanya shughuli za masoko katika maeneo mbalimbali duniani. Alipata uzoefu wake wa kwanza katika uwanja wa uwekezaji alipofanya mafunzo katika Dillon Read na GGvA mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1970. Uzoefu huo uliendelea kuimarika alipokuwa akipata utaalamu kwa miaka mingi kupitia kazi zake katika taasisi binafsi za uwekezaji na mifuko huru ya serikali huko Geneva, Vienna na Berlin. Wateja wake wameanzia kampuni kubwa za kimataifa za uzalishaji hadi, kwa mfano, serikali ya India. Pia amefanya kazi katika shughuli zinazohusisha maendeleo ya miundombinu katika mataifa yanayoibukia kiuchumi. Ingawa jina lake limeonekana katika majarida na magazeti mbalimbali ya kimataifa, mahojiano yake pekee ya kina yalichapishwa katika jarida la kitaalamu karibu miongo miwili iliyopita, ambapo aliwaonya wazalishaji wa Marekani kuchunguza hati za vyama vyao vya biashara ili kuona kama huduma za kimataifa zilihitajika na, ikiwa zilihitajika, kuhakikisha kuwa huduma hizo zinatekelezwa. == Mtengenezaji wa filamu == Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1970, Crull alijaribu kutengeneza filamu kuhusu uhusiano wa Uholanzi na Marekani kuhusu West New Guinea mwaka 1962, iliyopewa jina ''What About My Friend's Children''. Kwa sababu watu wawili kati ya watatu waliokuwa wahusika muhimu walikuwa tayari wamefariki na wa tatu alimzuia kuendelea, aliunganisha filamu fupi iliyokuwa muhtasari tu wa wazo la awali. ''Not in Fiction Only: There and Here Also'' ilionyeshwa ikiwa haijakamilika. Katika miradi yote miwili, Crull alipata ushauri na malezi ya kitaalamu kutoka kwa Joris Ivens, ingawa Ivens mwenyewe hakuweza kutumia muda mwingi katika juhudi za Crull kwa sababu alikuwa akifanya kazi nyingine za filamu nchini China. ''AIDDS: American Indians' Devastating Dilemma Soon'', ''To Mute Them Once Again'' na ''Indian Buckaroos'' zilikuwa filamu fupi ambazo awali zilikusudiwa kuwa filamu za urefu kamili. Crull alizitoa chini ya kampuni ya Vigil Film Production Company mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990. Wakati akiendelea na kazi hizo pamoja na shughuli nyingine, lengo lake lilikuwa kutengeneza filamu ya hali halisi ya urefu kamili iitwayo ''A Free People, Free To Choose''. Baada ya zaidi ya saa 100 za picha za awali kurekodiwa au kukusanywa, wahusika wa filamu hiyo walihusika katika kesi ya kisheria wao kwa wao, ambayo haikuhusisha Crull. Kwa sababu hiyo, mradi huo ulivunjika, ingawa sehemu yake iliokolewa na imewahi kuonyeshwa. Erik Barnouw na Malcolm Mackenzie Ross walikuwa washauri wa Crull katika mradi huo. Crull pia alihusika kwa kiwango fulani katika filamu za urefu kamili, zikiwemo ''Ryan's Daughter'' ya David Lean, ''Sunday in the Country'' ya John Trent na ''Age of Innocence'' ya Alan Bridges. == Elimu na asili ya familia == Crull alizaliwa nchini [[Uholanzi]] katika [[familia]] zilizokuwa sehemu ya ''Nederland's Patriciaat''. Baadaye alipata uraia wa Marekani. Baada ya kupata diploma yake kutoka Lake Forest Academy, Crull alisoma Dalhousie University nchini [[Kanada]], ambako alipata shahada ya B.A. yenye heshima. University of Chicago ilimpa shahada ya A.M., na Tulane University of Louisiana ndiko alikopata shahada ya J.D. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Watengenezaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] kb0jgovi49zgyu74vt11e8aon48lmu4 1606281 1606195 2026-10-08T14:36:33Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1606281 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jan Crull Jr.''' ni mtetezi wa [[haki]] za Wenyeji wa [[Marekani]], [[mwanasheria]] na mtengenezaji wa [[filamu]]. == Ushiriki katika masuala ya Wenyeji wa Marekani == Kuanzia mwaka 1979 hadi mwanzoni mwa mwaka 1981, Jan Crull Jr. alikuwa mfanyakazi wa kujitolea katika Ramah Navajo Indian Reservation huko [[New Mexico]], ambako alitoa mchango mkubwa katika kuboresha hali ya maisha ya Wanavajo wa Ramah. Ingawa alikuwa mfanyakazi wa kujitolea, alipewa cheo cha ''Assistant to the President and the Chapter'' (serikali ya eneo la hifadhi hiyo) kupitia kura ya jamii katikati ya Agosti 1979. Kupatikana kwa [[sheria]] ya shirikisho ''Public Law 96-333'' ilikuwa mojawapo ya mafanikio yake makubwa, kwani iliwawezesha Wanavajo wa Ramah kupata haki ya kisheria ya kumiliki ardhi ambayo walikuwa wameishi kwa vizazi. Pia iliwawezesha watu walioishi katika ardhi hiyo kustahili kupata huduma na manufaa yaliyotolewa na mashirika na idara za serikali ya shirikisho. Sheria hiyo ilikuwa na historia yenye misukosuko ya miaka 19 kutokana na migogoro kuhusu sheria hiyo ndani ya ujumbe wa wabunge wa New Mexico, Kamati ya Masuala ya Ndani na Maeneo ya Visiwa ya Baraza la Wawakilishi la Marekani, siasa za eneo za Wanavajo na Taifa la Navajo, pamoja na migogoro kati ya makundi hayo yote kuhusu uhusiano wake na haki za njia za reli kuelekea Starlake Coal Fields. Wakati maseneta wa Marekani na wanasheria kutoka kampuni maarufu za Washington, D.C. walikuwa wameshindwa kupata hatua kutoka kwa Bunge kuhusu suala hilo, Crull alifanikiwa. Katika mchakato huo, pia aliwafundisha Wanavajo wa Ramah jinsi ya kupata haki zote za madini zilizo chini ya ardhi katika maeneo aliyowasaidia kuyapata kupitia ''Public Law 97-434''. Kazi ya Crull kwa Wanavajo wa Ramah ilisababisha kuteuliwa kwake kwa Rockefeller Public Service Award mwaka 1981. Uteuzi wake uliungwa mkono na maseneta wa Marekani na mbunge wa Marekani ambaye alifanya kazi pamoja naye kuhakikisha sheria hiyo inapitishwa katika mabunge yote mawili ya Bunge la Marekani, wakiwemo Dennis DeConcini, Pete Domenici, Manuel Lujan Jr., John Melcher na Paul Simon. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1980, Jan Crull Jr. alifanya kazi kama mtaalamu wa kitaalamu katika Kamati Ndogo ya Elimu ya Baada ya Sekondari ya Baraza la Wawakilishi la Marekani, ambayo wakati huo iliongozwa na Paul Simon. Crull alihusika na kuandaa sheria ya kuidhinisha upya ''Tribal College Act'' (''The Tribally Controlled Community College Assistance Act''), kuunda masharti maalumu kwa Wenyeji wa Marekani katika ''Library Services Construction Act'', pamoja na masuala mengine yanayohusiana na elimu ya Wahindi wa Marekani. Akitambua athari hasi ambazo baadaye zingejulikana kama Reaganomics zingekuwa nazo katika elimu ya Wahindi wa Marekani, hasa vyuo vya makabila, aliitisha mkutano wa marais wote wa vyuo vya makabila na viongozi wengine wa Wahindi wa Marekani alasiri ya tarehe 21 Julai 1981 katika American Indian Bank iliyokuwa imefungwa baadaye huko Washington, D.C. Huko alipendekeza kuanzishwa kwa American Indian College Fund, kwa mfano wa United Negro College Fund, na serikali ya Marekani kutoa fedha zinazolingana na michango ya mfuko huo kwa kiwango kitakachoamuliwa na Bunge la Marekani. Wazo hili la ''matching funds'' lilitokana na kurekebisha lugha ya zamani ya ''Allen Bill'' na kuiingiza katika sheria ya kuidhinisha upya vyuo vya makabila. == Mwanasheria, benki ya uwekezaji na shughuli nyingine za kazi == Mbali na ushiriki wake katika masuala ya Wenyeji wa Marekani, kazi ya Crull imehusisha kufundisha katika ngazi zote za elimu, kusimamia shule ya sekondari ya umma ya Marekani iliyokuwa miongoni mwa shule bora nchini, kutetea vijana waliotuhumiwa kwa makosa makubwa alipokuwa katika shule ya sheria, kufanya mazungumzo ya mikataba ya kimataifa ya biashara iliyohusisha mikataba yenye vipengele vingi, pamoja na kushughulikia masuala ya mashirika kwa mtazamo wa kimataifa na kufanya shughuli za masoko katika maeneo mbalimbali duniani. Alipata uzoefu wake wa kwanza katika uwanja wa uwekezaji alipofanya mafunzo katika Dillon Read na GGvA mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1970. Uzoefu huo uliendelea kuimarika alipokuwa akipata utaalamu kwa miaka mingi kupitia kazi zake katika taasisi binafsi za uwekezaji na mifuko huru ya serikali huko Geneva, Vienna na Berlin. Wateja wake wameanzia kampuni kubwa za kimataifa za uzalishaji hadi, kwa mfano, serikali ya India. Pia amefanya kazi katika shughuli zinazohusisha maendeleo ya miundombinu katika mataifa yanayoibukia kiuchumi. Ingawa jina lake limeonekana katika majarida na magazeti mbalimbali ya kimataifa, mahojiano yake pekee ya kina yalichapishwa katika jarida la kitaalamu karibu miongo miwili iliyopita, ambapo aliwaonya wazalishaji wa Marekani kuchunguza hati za vyama vyao vya biashara ili kuona kama huduma za kimataifa zilihitajika na, ikiwa zilihitajika, kuhakikisha kuwa huduma hizo zinatekelezwa. == Mtengenezaji wa filamu == Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1970, Crull alijaribu kutengeneza filamu kuhusu uhusiano wa Uholanzi na Marekani kuhusu West New Guinea mwaka 1962, iliyopewa jina ''What About My Friend's Children''. Kwa sababu watu wawili kati ya watatu waliokuwa wahusika muhimu walikuwa tayari wamefariki na wa tatu alimzuia kuendelea, aliunganisha filamu fupi iliyokuwa muhtasari tu wa wazo la awali. ''Not in Fiction Only: There and Here Also'' ilionyeshwa ikiwa haijakamilika. Katika miradi yote miwili, Crull alipata ushauri na malezi ya kitaalamu kutoka kwa Joris Ivens, ingawa Ivens mwenyewe hakuweza kutumia muda mwingi katika juhudi za Crull kwa sababu alikuwa akifanya kazi nyingine za filamu nchini China. ''AIDDS: American Indians' Devastating Dilemma Soon'', ''To Mute Them Once Again'' na ''Indian Buckaroos'' zilikuwa filamu fupi ambazo awali zilikusudiwa kuwa filamu za urefu kamili. Crull alizitoa chini ya kampuni ya Vigil Film Production Company mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990. Wakati akiendelea na kazi hizo pamoja na shughuli nyingine, lengo lake lilikuwa kutengeneza filamu ya hali halisi ya urefu kamili iitwayo ''A Free People, Free To Choose''. Baada ya zaidi ya saa 100 za picha za awali kurekodiwa au kukusanywa, wahusika wa filamu hiyo walihusika katika kesi ya kisheria wao kwa wao, ambayo haikuhusisha Crull. Kwa sababu hiyo, mradi huo ulivunjika, ingawa sehemu yake iliokolewa na imewahi kuonyeshwa. Erik Barnouw na Malcolm Mackenzie Ross walikuwa washauri wa Crull katika mradi huo. Crull pia alihusika kwa kiwango fulani katika filamu za urefu kamili, zikiwemo ''Ryan's Daughter'' ya David Lean, ''Sunday in the Country'' ya John Trent na ''Age of Innocence'' ya Alan Bridges. == Elimu na asili ya familia == Crull alizaliwa nchini [[Uholanzi]] katika [[familia]] zilizokuwa sehemu ya ''Nederland's Patriciaat''. Baadaye alipata uraia wa Marekani. Baada ya kupata diploma yake kutoka Lake Forest Academy, Crull alisoma Dalhousie University nchini [[Kanada]], ambako alipata shahada ya B.A. yenye heshima. University of Chicago ilimpa shahada ya A.M., na Tulane University of Louisiana ndiko alikopata shahada ya J.D. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watengenezaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] qqa7s7cg3dgskysvx1owfb6k1ud4nqe 0 253739 1606196 2026-10-08T12:08:05Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tori Foster''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1982]]) ni [[msanii]] na mtengenezaji wa filamu wa [[Kanada]], anayejulikana kwa kazi zake za sanaa ya vyombo vipya.<ref name="Chin-listing">{{cite web|title=Artist/Maker Name "Foster, Tori"|url=http://www.rcip-chin.gc.ca/application/aac-aic/artiste_detailler_av-artist_detail_adv.app?rID=55617&fID=2&lang=en&qlang=en&pID=1&sf1=BP&con1=AND&sf2=DP&con2=AND&mcon=AND&msf=ARRF&dsf=BDATE&date=1960&dcp=GREATER&flcon=AND&flcp1=G...' 1606196 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tori Foster''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1982]]) ni [[msanii]] na mtengenezaji wa filamu wa [[Kanada]], anayejulikana kwa kazi zake za sanaa ya vyombo vipya.<ref name="Chin-listing">{{cite web|title=Artist/Maker Name "Foster, Tori"|url=http://www.rcip-chin.gc.ca/application/aac-aic/artiste_detailler_av-artist_detail_adv.app?rID=55617&fID=2&lang=en&qlang=en&pID=1&sf1=BP&con1=AND&sf2=DP&con2=AND&mcon=AND&msf=ARRF&dsf=BDATE&date=1960&dcp=GREATER&flcon=AND&flcp1=GREATER_OR_EQUAL&flcp2=LESS_OR_EQUAL&dcon=AND&scon=AND&acon=AND&ccon=AND&tech=COMP&tcon=AND&fcon=AND&ncp=EQUALS&sort=AM_ASC&ps=50|website=Canadian Heritage Information Network|accessdate=31 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="CAN-feature">{{cite web|title=Cadence – Tori Foster's Eternal Rush Hour|first1=Greg J.|last1=Smith|url=http://www.creativeapplications.net/objects/cadence-tori-fosters-eternal-rush-hour/|website=Creative Applications Network|accessdate=31 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="CAN-solo-feature">{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Greg J.|title=Concentrated Geographies [Processing]|url=http://www.creativeapplications.net/processing/concentrated-geographies-processing/|website=Creative Applications Network|accessdate=31 May 2016}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1982|}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 6yfxdouezqjyigll6gq5wnyo8z7h4q0 1606373 1606196 2026-10-08T21:05:58Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606373 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tori Foster''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1982]]) ni [[msanii]] na mtengenezaji wa filamu wa [[Kanada]], anayejulikana kwa kazi zake za sanaa ya vyombo vipya.<ref name="Chin-listing">{{cite web|title=Artist/Maker Name "Foster, Tori"|url=http://www.rcip-chin.gc.ca/application/aac-aic/artiste_detailler_av-artist_detail_adv.app?rID=55617&fID=2&lang=en&qlang=en&pID=1&sf1=BP&con1=AND&sf2=DP&con2=AND&mcon=AND&msf=ARRF&dsf=BDATE&date=1960&dcp=GREATER&flcon=AND&flcp1=GREATER_OR_EQUAL&flcp2=LESS_OR_EQUAL&dcon=AND&scon=AND&acon=AND&ccon=AND&tech=COMP&tcon=AND&fcon=AND&ncp=EQUALS&sort=AM_ASC&ps=50|website=Canadian Heritage Information Network|accessdate=31 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624073959/http://www.rcip-chin.gc.ca/application/aac-aic/artiste_detailler_av-artist_detail_adv.app?rID=55617&fID=2&lang=en&qlang=en&pID=1&sf1=BP&con1=AND&sf2=DP&con2=AND&mcon=AND&msf=ARRF&dsf=BDATE&date=1960&dcp=GREATER&flcon=AND&flcp1=GREATER_OR_EQUAL&flcp2=LESS_OR_EQUAL&dcon=AND&scon=AND&acon=AND&ccon=AND&tech=COMP&tcon=AND&fcon=AND&ncp=EQUALS&sort=AM_ASC&ps=50|archivedate=2016-06-24|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="CAN-feature">{{cite web|title=Cadence – Tori Foster's Eternal Rush Hour|first1=Greg J.|last1=Smith|url=http://www.creativeapplications.net/objects/cadence-tori-fosters-eternal-rush-hour/|website=Creative Applications Network|accessdate=31 May 2016}}</ref><ref name="CAN-solo-feature">{{cite web|last1=Smith|first1=Greg J.|title=Concentrated Geographies [Processing]|url=http://www.creativeapplications.net/processing/concentrated-geographies-processing/|website=Creative Applications Network|accessdate=31 May 2016}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1982|}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 6ehkv1abd3x9nkva4bzg0xeicyptbws 0 253740 1606197 2026-10-08T12:10:25Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Lita Fontaine''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1958]]) ni [[msanii]] wa fani mbalimbali anayeishi na kufanya kazi huko [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]]. Mara nyingi, kazi zake huchunguza nafasi ya [[wanawake]] katika jamii za Wenyeji za zamani na za sasa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Artists |url=https://www2.uregina.ca/president/art/riddell-centre/lita-fontaine/#:~:text=Born%20in%201958%20in%20Portage,evident%20in%20her%20art%20practice. |website=www2.uregina.ca |publisher=U...' 1606197 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lita Fontaine''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1958]]) ni [[msanii]] wa fani mbalimbali anayeishi na kufanya kazi huko [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba]]. Mara nyingi, kazi zake huchunguza nafasi ya [[wanawake]] katika jamii za Wenyeji za zamani na za sasa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Artists |url=https://www2.uregina.ca/president/art/riddell-centre/lita-fontaine/#:~:text=Born%20in%201958%20in%20Portage,evident%20in%20her%20art%20practice. |website=www2.uregina.ca |publisher=U Regina |access-date=19 January 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://fnuniv.ca/|title=FNUniversity of Canada|author=|date=|work=FNUniv.ca|access-date=February 18, 2017}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1958|}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] ctb6g5s3s7mf4rdg7yacv8c9q3bp9tm 0 253741 1606198 2026-10-08T12:12:03Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alma Cuervo''' (aliyezaliwa [[13 Agosti]] [[1951]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa jukwaani na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Marekani]], ambaye pia ameigiza katika [[filamu]] na [[televisheni]]. == Kazi == Alizaliwa Tampa, [[Florida]], tarehe 13 Agosti 1951. Cuervo ni mhitimu wa Tulane University. Alipata nafasi ya Madame Morrible katika ziara ya kwanza ya kitaifa ya muziki wa jukwaani ''Wicked''. Alimrithi Carole Shelley tarehe 8 Machi 2006. Aliondoka katika nafasi hiyo tar...' 1606198 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alma Cuervo''' (aliyezaliwa [[13 Agosti]] [[1951]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa jukwaani na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Marekani]], ambaye pia ameigiza katika [[filamu]] na [[televisheni]]. == Kazi == Alizaliwa Tampa, [[Florida]], tarehe 13 Agosti 1951. Cuervo ni mhitimu wa Tulane University. Alipata nafasi ya Madame Morrible katika ziara ya kwanza ya kitaifa ya muziki wa jukwaani ''Wicked''. Alimrithi Carole Shelley tarehe 8 Machi 2006. Aliondoka katika nafasi hiyo tarehe 14 Januari 2007 ili kuigiza katika ziara ya kwanza ya kitaifa ya ''My Fair Lady''. Alibadilishwa na Barbara Tirrell. Baada ya ''My Fair Lady'', alirudi katika ziara ya ''Wicked'' kuanzia tarehe 14 Novemba 2007 hadi 14 Julai 2008, na nafasi yake ikachukuliwa na Myra Lucretia Taylor. Mwaka 2011, Cuervo alianzisha kwa mara ya kwanza nafasi ya Hilary katika tamthilia ya Susan Charlotte iitwayo ''The Shoemaker'', iliyoongozwa na Antony Marsellis na kumshirikisha pamoja na Danny Aiello na Lucy Devito. Mwaka 2015, alianzisha kwa mara ya kwanza nafasi ya Consuelo, nyanya wa Gloria Estefan, katika muziki wa Broadway ''On Your Feet!'' Kazi zake nyingine za ukumbi wa michezo ni pamoja na ''Beauty and the Beast'', ''Cabaret'', ''Dancing at Lughnasa'' na ''Once in a Lifetime''. Pia aliigiza kama Ida Straus katika [[muziki]] wa jukwaani ulioshinda Tuzo ya Tony, ''Titanic'', akiwa sehemu ya waigizaji wa awali. Pia aliigiza nafasi za Mama wa Kambo wa Cinderella, Bibi Kizee na Mke wa Jitu katika ''Into the Woods'', katika utayarishaji wa pamoja wa maadhimisho ya miaka 25 kati ya Center Stage ya Baltimore na Westport Country Playhouse. Mwezi Julai 2023, Cuervo alianzisha kwa mara ya kwanza nafasi ya Ana Sofia katika utayarishaji wa Leeds Playhouse wa ''In Dreams'', muziki mpya ulioandikwa na David West Read na kuongozwa na Luke Sheppard, uliotokana na muziki wa Roy Orbison. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] jlbgmkvk54pd6dzrin6slurg3sie0q9 1606199 1606198 2026-10-08T12:13:02Z Ladygoody 92634 1606199 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Alma Cuervo in "a.k.a. Pablo" (cropped).jpg|thumb|Cuervo in ''a.k.a. Pablo'' (1984)]] '''Alma Cuervo''' (aliyezaliwa [[13 Agosti]] [[1951]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa jukwaani na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Marekani]], ambaye pia ameigiza katika [[filamu]] na [[televisheni]]. == Kazi == Alizaliwa Tampa, [[Florida]], tarehe 13 Agosti 1951. Cuervo ni mhitimu wa Tulane University. Alipata nafasi ya Madame Morrible katika ziara ya kwanza ya kitaifa ya muziki wa jukwaani ''Wicked''. Alimrithi Carole Shelley tarehe 8 Machi 2006. Aliondoka katika nafasi hiyo tarehe 14 Januari 2007 ili kuigiza katika ziara ya kwanza ya kitaifa ya ''My Fair Lady''. Alibadilishwa na Barbara Tirrell. Baada ya ''My Fair Lady'', alirudi katika ziara ya ''Wicked'' kuanzia tarehe 14 Novemba 2007 hadi 14 Julai 2008, na nafasi yake ikachukuliwa na Myra Lucretia Taylor. Mwaka 2011, Cuervo alianzisha kwa mara ya kwanza nafasi ya Hilary katika tamthilia ya Susan Charlotte iitwayo ''The Shoemaker'', iliyoongozwa na Antony Marsellis na kumshirikisha pamoja na Danny Aiello na Lucy Devito. Mwaka 2015, alianzisha kwa mara ya kwanza nafasi ya Consuelo, nyanya wa Gloria Estefan, katika muziki wa Broadway ''On Your Feet!'' Kazi zake nyingine za ukumbi wa michezo ni pamoja na ''Beauty and the Beast'', ''Cabaret'', ''Dancing at Lughnasa'' na ''Once in a Lifetime''. Pia aliigiza kama Ida Straus katika [[muziki]] wa jukwaani ulioshinda Tuzo ya Tony, ''Titanic'', akiwa sehemu ya waigizaji wa awali. Pia aliigiza nafasi za Mama wa Kambo wa Cinderella, Bibi Kizee na Mke wa Jitu katika ''Into the Woods'', katika utayarishaji wa pamoja wa maadhimisho ya miaka 25 kati ya Center Stage ya Baltimore na Westport Country Playhouse. Mwezi Julai 2023, Cuervo alianzisha kwa mara ya kwanza nafasi ya Ana Sofia katika utayarishaji wa Leeds Playhouse wa ''In Dreams'', muziki mpya ulioandikwa na David West Read na kuongozwa na Luke Sheppard, uliotokana na muziki wa Roy Orbison. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] pcdmv5g4j338de2zvg29l13k4c9uhvt 1606282 1606199 2026-10-08T14:37:21Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606282 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Alma Cuervo in "a.k.a. Pablo" (cropped).jpg|thumb|Cuervo in ''a.k.a. Pablo'' (1984)]] '''Alma Cuervo''' (alizaliwa [[13 Agosti]] [[1951]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa jukwaani na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Marekani]], ambaye pia ameigiza katika [[filamu]] na [[televisheni]]. == Kazi == Alizaliwa Tampa, [[Florida]], tarehe 13 Agosti 1951. Cuervo ni mhitimu wa Tulane University. Alipata nafasi ya Madame Morrible katika ziara ya kwanza ya kitaifa ya muziki wa jukwaani ''Wicked''. Alimrithi Carole Shelley tarehe 8 Machi 2006. Aliondoka katika nafasi hiyo tarehe 14 Januari 2007 ili kuigiza katika ziara ya kwanza ya kitaifa ya ''My Fair Lady''. Alibadilishwa na Barbara Tirrell. Baada ya ''My Fair Lady'', alirudi katika ziara ya ''Wicked'' kuanzia tarehe 14 Novemba 2007 hadi 14 Julai 2008, na nafasi yake ikachukuliwa na Myra Lucretia Taylor. Mwaka 2011, Cuervo alianzisha kwa mara ya kwanza nafasi ya Hilary katika tamthilia ya Susan Charlotte iitwayo ''The Shoemaker'', iliyoongozwa na Antony Marsellis na kumshirikisha pamoja na Danny Aiello na Lucy Devito. Mwaka 2015, alianzisha kwa mara ya kwanza nafasi ya Consuelo, nyanya wa Gloria Estefan, katika muziki wa Broadway ''On Your Feet!'' Kazi zake nyingine za ukumbi wa michezo ni pamoja na ''Beauty and the Beast'', ''Cabaret'', ''Dancing at Lughnasa'' na ''Once in a Lifetime''. Pia aliigiza kama Ida Straus katika [[muziki]] wa jukwaani ulioshinda Tuzo ya Tony, ''Titanic'', akiwa sehemu ya waigizaji wa awali. Pia aliigiza nafasi za Mama wa Kambo wa Cinderella, Bibi Kizee na Mke wa Jitu katika ''Into the Woods'', katika utayarishaji wa pamoja wa maadhimisho ya miaka 25 kati ya Center Stage ya Baltimore na Westport Country Playhouse. Mwezi Julai 2023, Cuervo alianzisha kwa mara ya kwanza nafasi ya Ana Sofia katika utayarishaji wa Leeds Playhouse wa ''In Dreams'', muziki mpya ulioandikwa na David West Read na kuongozwa na Luke Sheppard, uliotokana na muziki wa Roy Orbison. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-USA}} {{BD|1951|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] 6rwc8z800ncessz7p9sa906sx7v5l4i 0 253742 1606200 2026-10-08T12:14:13Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Meags Fitzgerald''' ni drag king wa [[Kanada]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite magazine|last=Nolfi|first=Joey|date=2021-10-05|title='Call Me Mother casts queens, kings, and nonbinary stars in wild new drag competition'|url=https://ew.com/tv/call-me-mother-cast-reveal/|access-date=2022-09-26|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926124652/https://ew.com/tv/call-me-mother-cast-reveal/ |archive-date=2022-09-26 |language=en-US}}</...' 1606200 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meags Fitzgerald''' ni drag king wa [[Kanada]],<ref name=":1">{{Cite magazine|last=Nolfi|first=Joey|date=2021-10-05|title='Call Me Mother casts queens, kings, and nonbinary stars in wild new drag competition'|url=https://ew.com/tv/call-me-mother-cast-reveal/|access-date=2022-09-26|magazine=Entertainment Weekly|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926124652/https://ew.com/tv/call-me-mother-cast-reveal/ |archive-date=2022-09-26 |language=en-US}}</ref>mchoraji wa vielelezo na mchoraji wa katuni. <ref name=":rude">{{cite web |last=Rude |first=Mey Valdivia |title = Drawn to Comics: Meags Fitzgerald Explores Bisexuality, Celibacy and Make Believe in "Long Red Hair" |date = 2015-10-13 |url = http://www.autostraddle.com/drawn-to-comics-meags-fitzgerald-explores-bisexuality-celibacy-and-make-believe-in-long-red-hair-311297/ |website = [[Autostraddle]] |access-date = 2016-07-12 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] szh4crdpbc7utldow1e6n6f5lfykq1k 0 253743 1606201 2026-10-08T12:16:58Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Eugene Current-Garcia''' ([[1908]]–[[1995]]) alikuwa [[profesa]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha Auburn na baadaye akawa Profesa Mstaafu wa Hargis wa Fasihi ya [[Marekani]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Auburn, Alabama|Auburn]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa uhariri wa jarida ''Southern Humanities Review'' na msomi mashuhuri wa fasihi ya Kusini mwa Marekani. Mwaka 1994 aliteuliwa kuwa Msomi wa kwanza wa Marekani wa Phi Kappa Phi, katika mwaka wa kwanza wa tuzo hiyo...' 1606201 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eugene Current-Garcia''' ([[1908]]–[[1995]]) alikuwa [[profesa]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha Auburn na baadaye akawa Profesa Mstaafu wa Hargis wa Fasihi ya [[Marekani]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Auburn, Alabama|Auburn]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa uhariri wa jarida ''Southern Humanities Review'' na msomi mashuhuri wa fasihi ya Kusini mwa Marekani. Mwaka 1994 aliteuliwa kuwa Msomi wa kwanza wa Marekani wa Phi Kappa Phi, katika mwaka wa kwanza wa tuzo hiyo iliyokuwa ikitolewa kila baada ya miaka miwili. == Elimu == Eugene Current-Garcia alipata [[Shahada ya Awali|shahada]] yake ya A.B. mwaka [[1930]] na M.A. mwaka 1932 katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane. Alipata shahada ya Ph.D. katika fasihi ya Marekani kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard mwaka 1947. == Kazi ya kitaaluma == Alifundisha katika Chuo Kikuu cha Nebraska kuanzia mwaka 1936 hadi 1939 na Chuo Kikuu cha Suffolk kuanzia mwaka 1939 hadi 1942. Alifundisha katika Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Louisiana kuanzia mwaka 1944 hadi 1947 na katika Chuo Kikuu cha Auburn kuanzia mwaka 1947 hadi 1993. Alikuwa mhadhiri wa Fulbright katika Chuo Kikuu cha Salonika nchini Ugiriki kuanzia mwaka 1956 hadi 1958. Mwaka 1969 aliandika kitabu ''Bibliographical Guide to the Study of Southern Literature'', kilichochapishwa na Louisiana State University Press. == Tuzo ya Eugene Current-Garcia == [[Tuzo]] ya Eugene Current-Garcia kwa Msomi Mashuhuri wa Fasihi wa Alabama hutolewa kila mwaka katika Tamasha la Fasihi la Monroeville. Washindi huchaguliwa na Association of College English Teachers of Alabama. Washindi ni pamoja na: 2018 – Dr. David Cowart 2017 – Kirk Curnutt 2016 – Frye Gaillard 2015 – Eric Sterling 2014 – Wayne Flynt 2013 – Sue Brannan Walker 2012 – William A. Ulmer 2011 – David Sauer 2010 – Ralph Voss 2009 – John H. Hafner 2008 – Norman MacMillan 2007 – Elaine W. Hughes 2006 – Nancy Grisham Anderson 2005 – Robert Halli (Dr. Bob Halli) 2004 – Benjamin Buford Williams 2003 – J. William Hutchings 2002 – Trudier Harris 2001 – Bert Hitchcock 2000 – Don Noble 1999 – Philip Beidler 1998 – Claudia Durst Johnson == Machapisho == Vitabu vya Current-Garcia vinajumuisha ''O. Henry'' (1965) na ''O. Henry: A Study of the Short Fiction'' (1993), ambacho ni sehemu ya mfululizo wa Twayne uitwao ''Studies in Short Fiction''. Alihariri na kuandika maelezo mengi katika toleo la kwanza la mkusanyiko wa hadithi ''American Short Stories: 1820 to the Present'' mwaka 1952, pamoja na mhariri mwenza Walton R. Patrick, kwa ajili ya Scott, Foresman and Company. Kitabu hicho kilipata matoleo kadhaa yaliyorekebishwa katika miongo iliyofuata. Mwaka 1985 aliandika ''The American Short Story before 1850: A Critical History''. Vitabu vingine vinajumuisha ''Realism and Romanticism in Fiction: An Approach to the Novel'', kilichochapishwa mwaka 1962, na kitabu cha pamoja ''What Is the Short Story?'' cha mwaka 1961. Kampuni ya uchapishaji ya Twayne ilinunuliwa na Gale mwaka 1999 na ikawa mojawapo ya chapa za Gale na kampuni yake mama, Cengage Learning. Eugene Current-Garcia, Profesa Mstaafu wa Hargis wa Fasihi ya Marekani katika Chuo Kikuu cha Auburn, alionekana kwa mara ya kwanza katika kurasa za jarida ''Alabama Heritage Magazine'' katika majira ya kuchipua ya mwaka 1987, alipotoa makala iliyoitwa "Mr. Spirit and His Alabama Wits", kuhusu waandishi wa ucheshi wa Kusini-magharibi Johnson J. Hooper na John Barr. Katika makala yake ya pili kwa ''Alabama Heritage Magazine'', Current-Garcia alielekeza fikira zake kwa mwandishi wa ucheshi wa Alabama wa karne ya 19, Joseph Glover Baldwin. Profesa Current-Garcia alipendezwa sana na waandishi wa ucheshi wa Kusini. Aliandika "Newspaper Humor in the Old South, 1835–1855" kwa ajili ya ''The Alabama Review''. Current-Garcia alisema kuwa fasihi ya Kusini ilidaiwa sana na waandishi hao wa ucheshi. Alimtaja William Faulkner kuwa mwandishi mkuu wa fasihi ya kisasa ambaye alitumia kwa kiasi kikubwa ucheshi wa Kusini-magharibi. Current-Garcia pia alikuwa mhariri mwenza wa ''American Short Stories'', ambao kwa miongo kadhaa ulikuwa mkusanyiko maarufu zaidi wa hadithi fupi uliotumiwa katika vyuo na vyuo vikuu. Kitabu hicho kilichapishwa kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 1952 na Scott, Foresman & Company. Baadhi ya matoleo ya baadaye ya ''American Short Stories'' yalihaririwa kwa pamoja na Bert Hitchcock, ambaye pia alikuwa profesa mwenzake katika Chuo Kikuu cha Auburn. Mwaka 2001, Hitchcock alipokea Tuzo ya Eugene Current-Garcia kwa Utafiti Mashuhuri wa Fasihi wa Alabama kutoka Association of College English Teachers of Alabama. == Wasifu == Eugene Current-Garcia alizaliwa tarehe 8 Julai 1908 huko [[New Orleans, Louisiana]]. Wazazi wake walikuwa Joseph Robustiano na Bertha (Ehrhardt) Current-Garcia. Alimuoa Alva Garrett tarehe 18 Juni 1935, na walipata watoto watatu. Alijiunga na kitivo cha Chuo Kikuu cha Auburn mwaka 1947 baada ya kumaliza masomo yake katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane na Chuo Kikuu cha [[Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard|Harvard]]. Alikuwa Profesa Mstaafu wa Hargis wa Fasihi ya Marekani katika Chuo Kikuu cha Auburn. Alifariki tarehe 1 Januari 1995. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1995]] [[Jamii:Maprofesa]] [[Jamii:Waandishi]] 5cmaf168uopjcsv7w6jk7u51jhdcq21 1606284 1606201 2026-10-08T14:38:15Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1606284 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eugene Current-Garcia''' ([[1908]]–[[1995]]) alikuwa [[profesa]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha Auburn na baadaye akawa Profesa Mstaafu wa Hargis wa Fasihi ya [[Marekani]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Auburn, Alabama|Auburn]]. Alikuwa mmoja wa waanzilishi wa uhariri wa jarida ''Southern Humanities Review'' na msomi mashuhuri wa fasihi ya Kusini mwa Marekani. Mwaka 1994 aliteuliwa kuwa Msomi wa kwanza wa Marekani wa Phi Kappa Phi, katika mwaka wa kwanza wa tuzo hiyo iliyokuwa ikitolewa kila baada ya miaka miwili. == Elimu == Eugene Current-Garcia alipata [[Shahada ya Awali|shahada]] yake ya A.B. mwaka [[1930]] na M.A. mwaka 1932 katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane. Alipata shahada ya Ph.D. katika fasihi ya Marekani kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard mwaka 1947. == Kazi ya kitaaluma == Alifundisha katika Chuo Kikuu cha Nebraska kuanzia mwaka 1936 hadi 1939 na Chuo Kikuu cha Suffolk kuanzia mwaka 1939 hadi 1942. Alifundisha katika Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Louisiana kuanzia mwaka 1944 hadi 1947 na katika Chuo Kikuu cha Auburn kuanzia mwaka 1947 hadi 1993. Alikuwa mhadhiri wa Fulbright katika Chuo Kikuu cha Salonika nchini Ugiriki kuanzia mwaka 1956 hadi 1958. Mwaka 1969 aliandika kitabu ''Bibliographical Guide to the Study of Southern Literature'', kilichochapishwa na Louisiana State University Press. == Tuzo ya Eugene Current-Garcia == [[Tuzo]] ya Eugene Current-Garcia kwa Msomi Mashuhuri wa Fasihi wa Alabama hutolewa kila mwaka katika Tamasha la Fasihi la Monroeville. Washindi huchaguliwa na Association of College English Teachers of Alabama. Washindi ni pamoja na: 2018 – Dr. David Cowart 2017 – Kirk Curnutt 2016 – Frye Gaillard 2015 – Eric Sterling 2014 – Wayne Flynt 2013 – Sue Brannan Walker 2012 – William A. Ulmer 2011 – David Sauer 2010 – Ralph Voss 2009 – John H. Hafner 2008 – Norman MacMillan 2007 – Elaine W. Hughes 2006 – Nancy Grisham Anderson 2005 – Robert Halli (Dr. Bob Halli) 2004 – Benjamin Buford Williams 2003 – J. William Hutchings 2002 – Trudier Harris 2001 – Bert Hitchcock 2000 – Don Noble 1999 – Philip Beidler 1998 – Claudia Durst Johnson == Machapisho == Vitabu vya Current-Garcia vinajumuisha ''O. Henry'' (1965) na ''O. Henry: A Study of the Short Fiction'' (1993), ambacho ni sehemu ya mfululizo wa Twayne uitwao ''Studies in Short Fiction''. Alihariri na kuandika maelezo mengi katika toleo la kwanza la mkusanyiko wa hadithi ''American Short Stories: 1820 to the Present'' mwaka 1952, pamoja na mhariri mwenza Walton R. Patrick, kwa ajili ya Scott, Foresman and Company. Kitabu hicho kilipata matoleo kadhaa yaliyorekebishwa katika miongo iliyofuata. Mwaka 1985 aliandika ''The American Short Story before 1850: A Critical History''. Vitabu vingine vinajumuisha ''Realism and Romanticism in Fiction: An Approach to the Novel'', kilichochapishwa mwaka 1962, na kitabu cha pamoja ''What Is the Short Story?'' cha mwaka 1961. Kampuni ya uchapishaji ya Twayne ilinunuliwa na Gale mwaka 1999 na ikawa mojawapo ya chapa za Gale na kampuni yake mama, Cengage Learning. Eugene Current-Garcia, Profesa Mstaafu wa Hargis wa Fasihi ya Marekani katika Chuo Kikuu cha Auburn, alionekana kwa mara ya kwanza katika kurasa za jarida ''Alabama Heritage Magazine'' katika majira ya kuchipua ya mwaka 1987, alipotoa makala iliyoitwa "Mr. Spirit and His Alabama Wits", kuhusu waandishi wa ucheshi wa Kusini-magharibi Johnson J. Hooper na John Barr. Katika makala yake ya pili kwa ''Alabama Heritage Magazine'', Current-Garcia alielekeza fikira zake kwa mwandishi wa ucheshi wa Alabama wa karne ya 19, Joseph Glover Baldwin. Profesa Current-Garcia alipendezwa sana na waandishi wa ucheshi wa Kusini. Aliandika "Newspaper Humor in the Old South, 1835–1855" kwa ajili ya ''The Alabama Review''. Current-Garcia alisema kuwa fasihi ya Kusini ilidaiwa sana na waandishi hao wa ucheshi. Alimtaja William Faulkner kuwa mwandishi mkuu wa fasihi ya kisasa ambaye alitumia kwa kiasi kikubwa ucheshi wa Kusini-magharibi. Current-Garcia pia alikuwa mhariri mwenza wa ''American Short Stories'', ambao kwa miongo kadhaa ulikuwa mkusanyiko maarufu zaidi wa hadithi fupi uliotumiwa katika vyuo na vyuo vikuu. Kitabu hicho kilichapishwa kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 1952 na Scott, Foresman & Company. Baadhi ya matoleo ya baadaye ya ''American Short Stories'' yalihaririwa kwa pamoja na Bert Hitchcock, ambaye pia alikuwa profesa mwenzake katika Chuo Kikuu cha Auburn. Mwaka 2001, Hitchcock alipokea Tuzo ya Eugene Current-Garcia kwa Utafiti Mashuhuri wa Fasihi wa Alabama kutoka Association of College English Teachers of Alabama. == Wasifu == Eugene Current-Garcia alizaliwa tarehe 8 Julai 1908 huko [[New Orleans, Louisiana]]. Wazazi wake walikuwa Joseph Robustiano na Bertha (Ehrhardt) Current-Garcia. Alimuoa Alva Garrett tarehe 18 Juni 1935, na walipata watoto watatu. Alijiunga na kitivo cha Chuo Kikuu cha Auburn mwaka 1947 baada ya kumaliza masomo yake katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane na Chuo Kikuu cha [[Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard|Harvard]]. Alikuwa Profesa Mstaafu wa Hargis wa Fasihi ya Marekani katika Chuo Kikuu cha Auburn. Alifariki tarehe 1 Januari 1995. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:waliozaliwa 1908]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1995]] [[Jamii:Maprofesa]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] pu45sbr0x4jsjnpm0la5ghn0jy2lgyp 0 253744 1606202 2026-10-08T12:18:08Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Isobel Graham Finlayson''' ([[20 Januari]], [[1811]] – [[22 Agosti]], [[1890]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa shajara na msanii aliyezaliwa nchini [[Uingereza]]. Shajara yake ni mojawapo ya simulizi chache zilizoandikwa na [[mwanamke]] wa [[Ulaya]] kuhusu safari zilizohusiana na biashara ya manyoya ya [[Amerika Kaskazini]].<ref name=cwahi>{{cite web |url=https://cwahi.concordia.ca/sources/artists/displayArtist.php?ID_artist=4904 |title=Finlayson, Isobel Gr...' 1606202 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isobel Graham Finlayson''' ([[20 Januari]], [[1811]] – [[22 Agosti]], [[1890]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa shajara na msanii aliyezaliwa nchini [[Uingereza]]. Shajara yake ni mojawapo ya simulizi chache zilizoandikwa na [[mwanamke]] wa [[Ulaya]] kuhusu safari zilizohusiana na biashara ya manyoya ya [[Amerika Kaskazini]].<ref name=cwahi>{{cite web |url=https://cwahi.concordia.ca/sources/artists/displayArtist.php?ID_artist=4904 |title=Finlayson, Isobel Graham |work=Canadian Women Artists History Initiative}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1811|1890}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 8lhw1lclfy82xztihearwq6qwti5mv4 0 253745 1606203 2026-10-08T12:20:59Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kelly Curtis''' (aliyezaliwa [[25 Januari]] [[1989]]) ni mshindani wa [[mchezo]] wa [[Skeletoni|skeleton]] kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyeshiriki katika [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Baridi ya 2022 na 2026 katika mchezo wa skeleton. Katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya 2022 mjini Beijing, alikua mwanamke wa kwanza Mmarekani mweusi kuiwakilisha Marekani katika mchezo huo kwenye Olimpiki. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Alilelewa katika familia iliyojihusisha n...' 1606203 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kelly Curtis''' (aliyezaliwa [[25 Januari]] [[1989]]) ni mshindani wa [[mchezo]] wa [[Skeletoni|skeleton]] kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyeshiriki katika [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Baridi ya 2022 na 2026 katika mchezo wa skeleton. Katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya 2022 mjini Beijing, alikua mwanamke wa kwanza Mmarekani mweusi kuiwakilisha Marekani katika mchezo huo kwenye Olimpiki. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Alilelewa katika familia iliyojihusisha na michezo huko [[Chuo kikuu cha Princeton|Princeton]], New Jersey. Baba yake aliwahi kucheza mpira wa miguu katika Springfield College na alichaguliwa na [[New York]] Jets katika drafti ya NFL ya mwaka 1971. Ndugu zake ni pamoja na kaka mmoja aliyeshiriki mieleka katika Princeton University na mwingine aliyocheza mpira wa miguu katika Springfield College na Princeton University. Curtis alihitimu Princeton High School mwaka 2007, ambako alishiriki mpira wa kikapu pamoja na riadha katika mashindano ya kuruka kwa urefu. Alifikia kiwango cha kushiriki katika Meet of Champions ya jimbo. Baada ya kusoma mwaka mmoja wa ziada katika Lawrenceville School, alijiunga na Tulane University kabla ya kuhamia chuo kingine baada ya miaka miwili. Alijiunga na Springfield College akiwa mwaka wake wa tatu wa masomo, ambako alishiriki katika heptathlon. Alishinda mashindano hayo katika Penn Relays mwaka 2011, akashinda Mashindano ya New England Division III Indoor katika heptathlon katika miaka yote miwili aliyokuwa Springfield, na kumaliza katika nafasi ya tano katika mashindano ya NCAA akiwa mwanafunzi wa mwaka wa mwisho. Katika St. Lawrence University, alipata shahada ya uzamili katika uongozi wa elimu na akawa kocha msaidizi wa riadha. == Kazi ya michezo == Akiwa bado mwanafunzi wa chuo katika Springfield, kocha wa nguvu na maandalizi ya mwili alipendekeza kwamba alikuwa na uwezo unaohitajika na alipaswa kushiriki katika majaribio yaliyokuwa yakiandaliwa na United States Bobsled and Skeleton Federation kwa ajili ya washiriki watarajiwa. Makocha wake waliona kwamba alikuwa na uwezo unaofanana na ule wa Erin Pac, aliyekuwa mshiriki wa heptathlon kutoka Springfield na aliyeshinda medali ya shaba katika mashindano ya bobsled ya wanawake wawili kwenye Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Baridi ya 2010. Mwanzoni alikusudia kushiriki katika bobsled, lakini aliamua kuhamia kwenye skeleton mwaka 2013 baada ya kuona jinsi mashindano hayo yalivyofanyika huku mshindani akiwa amelala kifudifudi akielekea mbele kwenye njia ya barafu kwa kasi iliyofikia maili 90 kwa saa, sawa na kilomita 140 kwa saa. Curtis alijiunga na Jeshi la Anga la Marekani mwaka 2020 na kushindana kupitia Mpango wa Wanamichezo wa Kiwango cha Dunia wa Jeshi la Anga. Akiwa katika Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Aviano nchini Italia, anahudumu katika Kikosi cha 31 cha Mawasiliano kama mtaalamu wa usimamizi wa maarifa. Eneo hilo, lililo umbali wa takribani kilomita 140 kutoka Cortina d'Ampezzo, limemwezesha kufanya mazoezi katika njia za mashindano zilizoko katika eneo hilo na katika maeneo mbalimbali barani Ulaya. Katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Baridi ya 2022 mjini Beijing, alishiriki katika mashindano ya skeleton ya wanawake yaliyofanyika katika Yanqing National Sliding Centre na kumaliza katika nafasi ya 21. Mwenzake wa timu, Katie Uhlaender, alimaliza katika nafasi ya sita. Curtis akawa mwanamichezo wa kwanza mweusi kuiwakilisha Marekani katika mchezo wa skeleton katika Michezo yoyote ya Olimpiki. Katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Baridi ya 2026, Curtis alimaliza katika nafasi ya 12 katika mashindano ya skeleton ya wanawake yaliyofanyika katika Cortina Sliding Centre huko Cortina d'Ampezzo. Mwenzake wa timu ya Marekani, Mystique Ro, alimaliza katika nafasi ya 15. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] f6706o2okw5j3x0ftmx6qqs0hmzsxuh 1606204 1606203 2026-10-08T12:21:55Z Ladygoody 92634 1606204 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Kelly Curtis Headshot (cropped).jpg|thumb|Curtis in 2022]] '''Kelly Curtis''' (aliyezaliwa [[25 Januari]] [[1989]]) ni mshindani wa [[mchezo]] wa [[Skeletoni|skeleton]] kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyeshiriki katika [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Baridi ya 2022 na 2026 katika mchezo wa skeleton. Katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya 2022 mjini Beijing, alikua mwanamke wa kwanza Mmarekani mweusi kuiwakilisha Marekani katika mchezo huo kwenye Olimpiki. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Alilelewa katika familia iliyojihusisha na michezo huko [[Chuo kikuu cha Princeton|Princeton]], New Jersey. Baba yake aliwahi kucheza mpira wa miguu katika Springfield College na alichaguliwa na [[New York]] Jets katika drafti ya NFL ya mwaka 1971. Ndugu zake ni pamoja na kaka mmoja aliyeshiriki mieleka katika Princeton University na mwingine aliyocheza mpira wa miguu katika Springfield College na Princeton University. Curtis alihitimu Princeton High School mwaka 2007, ambako alishiriki mpira wa kikapu pamoja na riadha katika mashindano ya kuruka kwa urefu. Alifikia kiwango cha kushiriki katika Meet of Champions ya jimbo. Baada ya kusoma mwaka mmoja wa ziada katika Lawrenceville School, alijiunga na Tulane University kabla ya kuhamia chuo kingine baada ya miaka miwili. Alijiunga na Springfield College akiwa mwaka wake wa tatu wa masomo, ambako alishiriki katika heptathlon. Alishinda mashindano hayo katika Penn Relays mwaka 2011, akashinda Mashindano ya New England Division III Indoor katika heptathlon katika miaka yote miwili aliyokuwa Springfield, na kumaliza katika nafasi ya tano katika mashindano ya NCAA akiwa mwanafunzi wa mwaka wa mwisho. Katika St. Lawrence University, alipata shahada ya uzamili katika uongozi wa elimu na akawa kocha msaidizi wa riadha. == Kazi ya michezo == Akiwa bado mwanafunzi wa chuo katika Springfield, kocha wa nguvu na maandalizi ya mwili alipendekeza kwamba alikuwa na uwezo unaohitajika na alipaswa kushiriki katika majaribio yaliyokuwa yakiandaliwa na United States Bobsled and Skeleton Federation kwa ajili ya washiriki watarajiwa. Makocha wake waliona kwamba alikuwa na uwezo unaofanana na ule wa Erin Pac, aliyekuwa mshiriki wa heptathlon kutoka Springfield na aliyeshinda medali ya shaba katika mashindano ya bobsled ya wanawake wawili kwenye Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Baridi ya 2010. Mwanzoni alikusudia kushiriki katika bobsled, lakini aliamua kuhamia kwenye skeleton mwaka 2013 baada ya kuona jinsi mashindano hayo yalivyofanyika huku mshindani akiwa amelala kifudifudi akielekea mbele kwenye njia ya barafu kwa kasi iliyofikia maili 90 kwa saa, sawa na kilomita 140 kwa saa. Curtis alijiunga na Jeshi la Anga la Marekani mwaka 2020 na kushindana kupitia Mpango wa Wanamichezo wa Kiwango cha Dunia wa Jeshi la Anga. Akiwa katika Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Aviano nchini Italia, anahudumu katika Kikosi cha 31 cha Mawasiliano kama mtaalamu wa usimamizi wa maarifa. Eneo hilo, lililo umbali wa takribani kilomita 140 kutoka Cortina d'Ampezzo, limemwezesha kufanya mazoezi katika njia za mashindano zilizoko katika eneo hilo na katika maeneo mbalimbali barani Ulaya. Katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Baridi ya 2022 mjini Beijing, alishiriki katika mashindano ya skeleton ya wanawake yaliyofanyika katika Yanqing National Sliding Centre na kumaliza katika nafasi ya 21. Mwenzake wa timu, Katie Uhlaender, alimaliza katika nafasi ya sita. Curtis akawa mwanamichezo wa kwanza mweusi kuiwakilisha Marekani katika mchezo wa skeleton katika Michezo yoyote ya Olimpiki. Katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Baridi ya 2026, Curtis alimaliza katika nafasi ya 12 katika mashindano ya skeleton ya wanawake yaliyofanyika katika Cortina Sliding Centre huko Cortina d'Ampezzo. Mwenzake wa timu ya Marekani, Mystique Ro, alimaliza katika nafasi ya 15. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] 8gorliv923o65qcnwh720onccz8ufyz 1606285 1606204 2026-10-08T14:39:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Kelly Curtis (skeleton racer)]] hadi [[Kelly Curtis (mwanaskeletoni)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1606204 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Kelly Curtis Headshot (cropped).jpg|thumb|Curtis in 2022]] '''Kelly Curtis''' (aliyezaliwa [[25 Januari]] [[1989]]) ni mshindani wa [[mchezo]] wa [[Skeletoni|skeleton]] kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyeshiriki katika [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Baridi ya 2022 na 2026 katika mchezo wa skeleton. Katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya 2022 mjini Beijing, alikua mwanamke wa kwanza Mmarekani mweusi kuiwakilisha Marekani katika mchezo huo kwenye Olimpiki. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Alilelewa katika familia iliyojihusisha na michezo huko [[Chuo kikuu cha Princeton|Princeton]], New Jersey. Baba yake aliwahi kucheza mpira wa miguu katika Springfield College na alichaguliwa na [[New York]] Jets katika drafti ya NFL ya mwaka 1971. Ndugu zake ni pamoja na kaka mmoja aliyeshiriki mieleka katika Princeton University na mwingine aliyocheza mpira wa miguu katika Springfield College na Princeton University. Curtis alihitimu Princeton High School mwaka 2007, ambako alishiriki mpira wa kikapu pamoja na riadha katika mashindano ya kuruka kwa urefu. Alifikia kiwango cha kushiriki katika Meet of Champions ya jimbo. Baada ya kusoma mwaka mmoja wa ziada katika Lawrenceville School, alijiunga na Tulane University kabla ya kuhamia chuo kingine baada ya miaka miwili. Alijiunga na Springfield College akiwa mwaka wake wa tatu wa masomo, ambako alishiriki katika heptathlon. Alishinda mashindano hayo katika Penn Relays mwaka 2011, akashinda Mashindano ya New England Division III Indoor katika heptathlon katika miaka yote miwili aliyokuwa Springfield, na kumaliza katika nafasi ya tano katika mashindano ya NCAA akiwa mwanafunzi wa mwaka wa mwisho. Katika St. Lawrence University, alipata shahada ya uzamili katika uongozi wa elimu na akawa kocha msaidizi wa riadha. == Kazi ya michezo == Akiwa bado mwanafunzi wa chuo katika Springfield, kocha wa nguvu na maandalizi ya mwili alipendekeza kwamba alikuwa na uwezo unaohitajika na alipaswa kushiriki katika majaribio yaliyokuwa yakiandaliwa na United States Bobsled and Skeleton Federation kwa ajili ya washiriki watarajiwa. Makocha wake waliona kwamba alikuwa na uwezo unaofanana na ule wa Erin Pac, aliyekuwa mshiriki wa heptathlon kutoka Springfield na aliyeshinda medali ya shaba katika mashindano ya bobsled ya wanawake wawili kwenye Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Baridi ya 2010. Mwanzoni alikusudia kushiriki katika bobsled, lakini aliamua kuhamia kwenye skeleton mwaka 2013 baada ya kuona jinsi mashindano hayo yalivyofanyika huku mshindani akiwa amelala kifudifudi akielekea mbele kwenye njia ya barafu kwa kasi iliyofikia maili 90 kwa saa, sawa na kilomita 140 kwa saa. Curtis alijiunga na Jeshi la Anga la Marekani mwaka 2020 na kushindana kupitia Mpango wa Wanamichezo wa Kiwango cha Dunia wa Jeshi la Anga. Akiwa katika Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Aviano nchini Italia, anahudumu katika Kikosi cha 31 cha Mawasiliano kama mtaalamu wa usimamizi wa maarifa. Eneo hilo, lililo umbali wa takribani kilomita 140 kutoka Cortina d'Ampezzo, limemwezesha kufanya mazoezi katika njia za mashindano zilizoko katika eneo hilo na katika maeneo mbalimbali barani Ulaya. Katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Baridi ya 2022 mjini Beijing, alishiriki katika mashindano ya skeleton ya wanawake yaliyofanyika katika Yanqing National Sliding Centre na kumaliza katika nafasi ya 21. Mwenzake wa timu, Katie Uhlaender, alimaliza katika nafasi ya sita. Curtis akawa mwanamichezo wa kwanza mweusi kuiwakilisha Marekani katika mchezo wa skeleton katika Michezo yoyote ya Olimpiki. Katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Baridi ya 2026, Curtis alimaliza katika nafasi ya 12 katika mashindano ya skeleton ya wanawake yaliyofanyika katika Cortina Sliding Centre huko Cortina d'Ampezzo. Mwenzake wa timu ya Marekani, Mystique Ro, alimaliza katika nafasi ya 15. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] 8gorliv923o65qcnwh720onccz8ufyz 1606287 1606285 2026-10-08T14:40:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606287 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Kelly Curtis Headshot (cropped).jpg|thumb|Curtis mwaka 2022]] '''Kelly Curtis''' (alizaliwa [[25 Januari]] [[1989]]) ni mshindani wa [[mchezo]] wa [[Skeletoni (mchezo)|skeletoni]] kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyeshiriki katika [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Baridi ya 2022 na 2026 katika mchezo wa skeleton. Katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya 2022 mjini Beijing, alikua mwanamke wa kwanza Mmarekani mweusi kuiwakilisha Marekani katika mchezo huo kwenye Olimpiki. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Alilelewa katika familia iliyojihusisha na michezo huko [[Chuo kikuu cha Princeton|Princeton]], New Jersey. Baba yake aliwahi kucheza mpira wa miguu katika Springfield College na alichaguliwa na [[New York]] Jets katika drafti ya NFL ya mwaka 1971. Ndugu zake ni pamoja na kaka mmoja aliyeshiriki mieleka katika Princeton University na mwingine aliyocheza mpira wa miguu katika Springfield College na Princeton University. Curtis alihitimu Princeton High School mwaka 2007, ambako alishiriki mpira wa kikapu pamoja na riadha katika mashindano ya kuruka kwa urefu. Alifikia kiwango cha kushiriki katika Meet of Champions ya jimbo. Baada ya kusoma mwaka mmoja wa ziada katika Lawrenceville School, alijiunga na Tulane University kabla ya kuhamia chuo kingine baada ya miaka miwili. Alijiunga na Springfield College akiwa mwaka wake wa tatu wa masomo, ambako alishiriki katika heptathlon. Alishinda mashindano hayo katika Penn Relays mwaka 2011, akashinda Mashindano ya New England Division III Indoor katika heptathlon katika miaka yote miwili aliyokuwa Springfield, na kumaliza katika nafasi ya tano katika mashindano ya NCAA akiwa mwanafunzi wa mwaka wa mwisho. Katika St. Lawrence University, alipata shahada ya uzamili katika uongozi wa elimu na akawa kocha msaidizi wa riadha. == Kazi ya michezo == Akiwa bado mwanafunzi wa chuo katika Springfield, kocha wa nguvu na maandalizi ya mwili alipendekeza kwamba alikuwa na uwezo unaohitajika na alipaswa kushiriki katika majaribio yaliyokuwa yakiandaliwa na United States Bobsled and Skeleton Federation kwa ajili ya washiriki watarajiwa. Makocha wake waliona kwamba alikuwa na uwezo unaofanana na ule wa Erin Pac, aliyekuwa mshiriki wa heptathlon kutoka Springfield na aliyeshinda medali ya shaba katika mashindano ya bobsled ya wanawake wawili kwenye Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Baridi ya 2010. Mwanzoni alikusudia kushiriki katika bobsled, lakini aliamua kuhamia kwenye skeleton mwaka 2013 baada ya kuona jinsi mashindano hayo yalivyofanyika huku mshindani akiwa amelala kifudifudi akielekea mbele kwenye njia ya barafu kwa kasi iliyofikia maili 90 kwa saa, sawa na kilomita 140 kwa saa. Curtis alijiunga na Jeshi la Anga la Marekani mwaka 2020 na kushindana kupitia Mpango wa Wanamichezo wa Kiwango cha Dunia wa Jeshi la Anga. Akiwa katika Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Aviano nchini Italia, anahudumu katika Kikosi cha 31 cha Mawasiliano kama mtaalamu wa usimamizi wa maarifa. Eneo hilo, lililo umbali wa takribani kilomita 140 kutoka Cortina d'Ampezzo, limemwezesha kufanya mazoezi katika njia za mashindano zilizoko katika eneo hilo na katika maeneo mbalimbali barani Ulaya. Katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Baridi ya 2022 mjini Beijing, alishiriki katika mashindano ya skeleton ya wanawake yaliyofanyika katika Yanqing National Sliding Centre na kumaliza katika nafasi ya 21. Mwenzake wa timu, Katie Uhlaender, alimaliza katika nafasi ya sita. Curtis akawa mwanamichezo wa kwanza mweusi kuiwakilisha Marekani katika mchezo wa skeleton katika Michezo yoyote ya Olimpiki. Katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Baridi ya 2026, Curtis alimaliza katika nafasi ya 12 katika mashindano ya skeleton ya wanawake yaliyofanyika katika Cortina Sliding Centre huko Cortina d'Ampezzo. Mwenzake wa timu ya Marekani, Mystique Ro, alimaliza katika nafasi ya 15. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1989|}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Marekani]] tq7fpkac4ttgygiw5448y999mhimkdr 0 253746 1606205 2026-10-08T12:23:39Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marjorie Pigott''' ([[6 Januari]], [[1904]], huko [[Yokohama]], [[Japan]] – [[12 Januari]], [[1990]], huko [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], [[Kanada]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gallery.ca/en/see/collections/artist.php?iartistid=4326|title=Marjorie Pigott|website=www.gallery.ca|language=en-ca|access-date=2017-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315174205/https://www.gallery.ca/en/see/collections/artist.php?iartistid=4326|archive-date=2017-...' 1606205 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marjorie Pigott''' ([[6 Januari]], [[1904]], huko [[Yokohama]], [[Japan]] – [[12 Januari]], [[1990]], huko [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], [[Kanada]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gallery.ca/en/see/collections/artist.php?iartistid=4326|title=Marjorie Pigott|website=www.gallery.ca|language=en-ca|access-date=2017-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315174205/https://www.gallery.ca/en/see/collections/artist.php?iartistid=4326|archive-date=2017-03-15|url-status=live}}</ref>)alikuwa [[msanii]] wa [[Kijapani]]-[[Kanada]] ambaye alibadilisha mbinu za uchoraji wa rangi za maji za Kijapani ili kuchora mandhari za Kanada.<ref>{{Cite news|title=OBITUARY Marjorie Pigott Painter showed Japanese roots|date=January 13, 1990|work=The Globe and Mail}}</ref><ref name=":0 " >{{Cite book|title=A Dictionary of Canadian Artists|last=MacDonald|first=Colin|publisher=Canadian Paperbacks Publishing|year=1982|location=Ottawa, Canada}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1904|1990}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 3hoobo8e8yg5vexmhe0biaekunlejq0 1606302 1606205 2026-10-08T15:08:59Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 3 template(s) replaced. 1606302 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marjorie Pigott''' ([[6 Januari]], [[1904]], huko [[Yokohama]], [[Japan]] – [[12 Januari]], [[1990]], huko [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]], [[Kanada]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.gallery.ca/en/see/collections/artist.php?iartistid=4326|title=Marjorie Pigott|website=www.gallery.ca|language=en-ca|access-date=2017-03-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170315174205/https://www.gallery.ca/en/see/collections/artist.php?iartistid=4326|archive-date=2017-03-15|url-status=live}}</ref>)alikuwa [[msanii]] wa [[Kijapani]]-[[Kanada]] ambaye alibadilisha mbinu za uchoraji wa rangi za maji za Kijapani ili kuchora mandhari za Kanada.<ref>{{Rejea habari|title=OBITUARY Marjorie Pigott Painter showed Japanese roots|date=January 13, 1990|work=The Globe and Mail}}</ref><ref name=":0 " >{{Rejea kitabu|title=A Dictionary of Canadian Artists|last=MacDonald|first=Colin|publisher=Canadian Paperbacks Publishing|year=1982|location=Ottawa, Canada}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1904|1990}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 6yne5s3q65f296go6sq0b0c61ox065g 0 253747 1606206 2026-10-08T12:25:53Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rebecca Coleman Curtis''' ni [[mwandishi]], [[mwanasaikolojia]] na [[mtaalamu]] wa uchanganuzi wa kisaikolojia kutoka [[Marekani]]. Curtis ameandika kwa kina kuhusu nadharia za matibabu ya kisaikolojia, ubunifu, michakato ya fahamu fiche, nafsi, tabia za kujidhuru, jinsia na rangi. == Kazi na utafiti == Curtis pia ni mwandishi wa mashairi na hadithi za kubuni. Anafundisha katika Derner Institute ya Adelphi University na W. A. White Institute huko New...' 1606206 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rebecca Coleman Curtis''' ni [[mwandishi]], [[mwanasaikolojia]] na [[mtaalamu]] wa uchanganuzi wa kisaikolojia kutoka [[Marekani]]. Curtis ameandika kwa kina kuhusu nadharia za matibabu ya kisaikolojia, ubunifu, michakato ya fahamu fiche, nafsi, tabia za kujidhuru, jinsia na rangi. == Kazi na utafiti == Curtis pia ni mwandishi wa mashairi na hadithi za kubuni. Anafundisha katika Derner Institute ya Adelphi University na W. A. White Institute huko [[New York, New York]]. Anaendesha huduma za tiba ya kisaikolojia na uchanganuzi wa kisaikolojia huko [[Miami]], [[Florida]], New York City na Sag Harbor, New York. Curtis alizaliwa [[New Orleans, Louisiana]], na alisoma katika Benjamin Franklin Senior High School na Tulane University. Alipata shahada ya Ph.D. katika saikolojia ya kijamii mwaka 1973 kutoka Columbia University, na baadaye akapata shahada katika saikolojia ya kitabibu kutoka Adelphi University. Pia alipata cheti cha uchanganuzi wa kisaikolojia kutoka W. A. White Institute huko New York City. Dkt. Curtis anajihusisha na saikolojia na sanaa, pamoja na kuunganisha sayansi ya saikolojia na uchanganuzi wa kisaikolojia. Maslahi ya Curtis yanahusu tabia za binadamu za kujishinda na jinsi binadamu hubadilika kadiri muda unavyopita. Miradi yake ya sasa inachunguza matatizo ya ulaji, wasiwasi na huzuni, ulevi na majeraha ya kisaikolojia kwa mtazamo wa tiba ya kisaikolojia na mambo yanayoweza kusaidia katika tiba hiyo. Amechapisha vitabu kuhusu mada hizi, pamoja na vitabu vinavyohusu nafsi, uchanganuzi wa kisaikolojia, tiba mbalimbali za kisaikolojia na jinsi binadamu wanavyokabiliana na kifo na mwisho wa mambo. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wanasaikolojia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wataalamu wa Marekani]] 7yfjcb4amwqhq418gw8spmizzkypwgf 1606289 1606206 2026-10-08T14:41:22Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1606289 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rebecca Coleman Curtis''' ni [[mwandishi]], [[mwanasaikolojia]] na [[mtaalamu]] wa uchanganuzi wa kisaikolojia kutoka [[Marekani]]. Curtis ameandika kwa kina kuhusu nadharia za matibabu ya kisaikolojia, ubunifu, michakato ya fahamu fiche, nafsi, tabia za kujidhuru, jinsia na rangi. == Kazi na utafiti == Curtis pia ni mwandishi wa mashairi na hadithi za kubuni. Anafundisha katika Derner Institute ya Adelphi University na W. A. White Institute huko [[New York, New York]]. Anaendesha huduma za tiba ya kisaikolojia na uchanganuzi wa kisaikolojia huko [[Miami]], [[Florida]], New York City na Sag Harbor, New York. Curtis alizaliwa [[New Orleans, Louisiana]], na alisoma katika Benjamin Franklin Senior High School na Tulane University. Alipata shahada ya Ph.D. katika saikolojia ya kijamii mwaka 1973 kutoka Columbia University, na baadaye akapata shahada katika saikolojia ya kitabibu kutoka Adelphi University. Pia alipata cheti cha uchanganuzi wa kisaikolojia kutoka W. A. White Institute huko New York City. Dkt. Curtis anajihusisha na saikolojia na sanaa, pamoja na kuunganisha sayansi ya saikolojia na uchanganuzi wa kisaikolojia. Maslahi ya Curtis yanahusu tabia za binadamu za kujishinda na jinsi binadamu hubadilika kadiri muda unavyopita. Miradi yake ya sasa inachunguza matatizo ya ulaji, wasiwasi na huzuni, ulevi na majeraha ya kisaikolojia kwa mtazamo wa tiba ya kisaikolojia na mambo yanayoweza kusaidia katika tiba hiyo. Amechapisha vitabu kuhusu mada hizi, pamoja na vitabu vinavyohusu nafsi, uchanganuzi wa kisaikolojia, tiba mbalimbali za kisaikolojia na jinsi binadamu wanavyokabiliana na kifo na mwisho wa mambo. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Wanasaikolojia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] bjir1xolq5wya11dyab6ryn5t9bv7h0 0 253748 1606207 2026-10-08T12:26:53Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Cindy Phenix''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1989]] huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]) ni mchoraji wa Kanada anayeishi na kufanya kazi huko [[Los Angeles]], California. Phenix ameonyesha kazi zake kimataifa katika kumbi mbalimbali, zikiwemo Nino Mier Gallery huko Los Angeles na Brussels, 6018 North huko Chicago, Galerie Hugues Charbonneau huko Montreal, Maison de la culture huko Longueuil, na kwingineko.<ref>{{cite web |title=New American Paintings |url=https://www.n...' 1606207 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cindy Phenix''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1989]] huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]) ni mchoraji wa Kanada anayeishi na kufanya kazi huko [[Los Angeles]], California. Phenix ameonyesha kazi zake kimataifa katika kumbi mbalimbali, zikiwemo Nino Mier Gallery huko Los Angeles na Brussels, 6018 North huko Chicago, Galerie Hugues Charbonneau huko Montreal, Maison de la culture huko Longueuil, na kwingineko.<ref>{{cite web |title=New American Paintings |url=https://www.newamericanpaintings.com/artists/cindy-phenix |access-date=6 March 2022 |website=New American Paintings}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Maude |title=Cindy Phenix |url=https://esse.ca/en/portfolios/cindy-phenix/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=6 March 2022 |website=Esse arts + opinions Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Zellen |first1=Jody |title=Cindy Phenix: 'Particles of Abnormality' Embracing Ambiguity and Indulging in the Experience of the Unknown |url=https://artnowla.com/2020/11/10/cindy-phenix-particles-of-abnormality/ |access-date=6 March 2022 |website=ArtNowLA}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1989|}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 19w3geiocn96togknwkndqljepiims9 0 253749 1606208 2026-10-08T12:29:26Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Deborah Czeresko''' (aliyezaliwa [[27 Julai]] [[1961]]) ni [[msanii]] wa [[Marekani]] anayejihusisha na uundaji wa vioo kwa kupuliza, anayejulikana kwa kushinda msimu wa kwanza wa kipindi cha Netflix, ''Blown Away''. == Elimu == Mwaka 1983, Czeresko alihitimu kutoka Rutgers University na mwaka 1992 alihitimu kutoka Tulane University. == Kazi == Kazi zake ziko katika mkusanyiko wa kudumu wa Museum of American Glass huko Millville, [[New Jersey]], Glasm...' 1606208 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Deborah Czeresko''' (aliyezaliwa [[27 Julai]] [[1961]]) ni [[msanii]] wa [[Marekani]] anayejihusisha na uundaji wa vioo kwa kupuliza, anayejulikana kwa kushinda msimu wa kwanza wa kipindi cha Netflix, ''Blown Away''. == Elimu == Mwaka 1983, Czeresko alihitimu kutoka Rutgers University na mwaka 1992 alihitimu kutoka Tulane University. == Kazi == Kazi zake ziko katika mkusanyiko wa kudumu wa Museum of American Glass huko Millville, [[New Jersey]], Glasmuseet Ebeltoft na Frauenau Glass Museum. Alihudumu katika bodi ya wakurugenzi ya UrbanGlass, studio ya uundaji wa vioo kwa kupuliza iliyoko Brooklyn, kuanzia mwaka 2008 hadi 2018. Mwaka 2019, alishinda msimu wa kwanza wa kipindi cha Netflix, ''Blown Away''. Mwaka 2019, kazi yake ya sanaa iliyoitwa ''Meat Chandelier'' ilikuwa miongoni mwa kazi 100 zilizochaguliwa kwa ajili ya maonyesho ya ''New Glass Now'' katika The Corning Museum of Glass, yaliyokuwa yakionyesha sanaa ya kisasa ya vioo kutoka sehemu mbalimbali duniani. Zawadi yake kwa kushinda ''Blown Away'' ilijumuisha nafasi ya ukaaji wa kisanii katika The Corning Museum of Glass. == Ubunifu wa kisanaa == Kwa kutumia mbinu za kutengeneza vioo za mtindo wa Venetian, kazi za Czeresko zinaonyesha uzoefu wake binafsi unaoathiriwa na masuala ya kisasa. Czeresko mara nyingi hutumia kazi zake za uundaji wa vioo kuangazia suala la usawa wa wanawake. Katika mahojiano, alisema kuwa kwa muda mrefu amekuwa akivutiwa na wanawake kuchukua nafasi zinazohusisha nguvu za mwili, ambako wanaonekana kana kwamba hawapaswi kuwepo, na kwamba alitaka kufanya kioo kuwa chombo cha kuleta usawa. == Maonyesho teule == * 2006: ''Transparency'', Corridor Gallery, Reykjavik, Iceland * 2007: ''Art Now'', Middlebury College Museum of Art, Middlebury, Vermont * 2010: ''Armory Show'', UrbanGlass, Armory Arts Week, Brooklyn, New York * 2010: ''Shoefitti & Ibeam'', Louisville Glassworks, Louisville, Kentucky * 2010: ''The Fabritory'', Glasphemy by Macro Sea, Brooklyn, New York * 2011: ''Shoefitti'', Hudson Beach Glass, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania * 2013: ''Art of the Fellowship'', Museum of American Glass, Millville, New Jersey * 2015: ''CreativityAscertained'', Museum of American Glass, Millville, New Jersey * 2015: ''Post Mortem'', UGent, Rommelaere Instituut, Ghent, Ubelgiji * 2018: ''How Shall We Dine'', Rockland Center for the Arts, Rockland, New York * 2018: ''StreetKraft'', Habatat Gallery, Royal Oak, Michigan * 2019: ''New Glass Now'', The Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, New York * 2019: ''COLLABORATIONS with QUEER VOICES curated by Matthew Day Perez + Kate Hush'', Heller Gallery, New York, New York * 2020: ''Venice and American Studio Glass'', Le Stanze del Vetro, Venice, Italia * 2021: ''Fire & Form: New Directions in Glass'', Long Island Museum, Stony Brook, New York * 2024: ''Sand, Ash, Heat: Glass'', New Orleans Museum of Art, New Orleans, Louisiana == Mkusanyiko wa kudumu == * Toledo Museum, Toledo, Ohio * Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, New York * New Orleans Museum of Art, New Orleans, Louisiana * Museum of American Glass, Millville, New Jersey * Glass Museum Ebeltoft, Ebeltoft, Denmark * Frauenau Glasmuseum, Frauenau, Ujerumani Magharibi == Maonyesho ya utendaji == * 2009–2019: ''World’s Largest Glass'' * 2012: ''Performance as Medium'', Armory Arts Week, Brooklyn Glass, Brooklyn, New York * 2011–2014: ''Worlds Largest'', Chrysler Museum of Glass, Brooklyn, New York * 2014: ''Glass Medea'', Disembodied Voices at Brooklyn Glass, Brooklyn, New York * 2015: ''Fabrication Collective'', Urban Glass, Brooklyn, New York * 2016: ''The…'', Urban Glass, Brooklyn, New York * 2017: ''Women Up!'', Urban Glass, Brooklyn, New York * 2019: ''Fall Fund Raiser'', Urban Glass, Brooklyn, New York == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Sanaa]] 63ec8ux72wz2lawovvj6pdq8yosv8r8 1606209 1606208 2026-10-08T12:30:14Z Ladygoody 92634 1606209 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Deb Czersesko.jpg|thumb|'''Deborah Czeresko''']] '''Deborah Czeresko''' (aliyezaliwa [[27 Julai]] [[1961]]) ni [[msanii]] wa [[Marekani]] anayejihusisha na uundaji wa vioo kwa kupuliza, anayejulikana kwa kushinda msimu wa kwanza wa kipindi cha Netflix, ''Blown Away''. == Elimu == Mwaka 1983, Czeresko alihitimu kutoka Rutgers University na mwaka 1992 alihitimu kutoka Tulane University. == Kazi == Kazi zake ziko katika mkusanyiko wa kudumu wa Museum of American Glass huko Millville, [[New Jersey]], Glasmuseet Ebeltoft na Frauenau Glass Museum. Alihudumu katika bodi ya wakurugenzi ya UrbanGlass, studio ya uundaji wa vioo kwa kupuliza iliyoko Brooklyn, kuanzia mwaka 2008 hadi 2018. Mwaka 2019, alishinda msimu wa kwanza wa kipindi cha Netflix, ''Blown Away''. Mwaka 2019, kazi yake ya sanaa iliyoitwa ''Meat Chandelier'' ilikuwa miongoni mwa kazi 100 zilizochaguliwa kwa ajili ya maonyesho ya ''New Glass Now'' katika The Corning Museum of Glass, yaliyokuwa yakionyesha sanaa ya kisasa ya vioo kutoka sehemu mbalimbali duniani. Zawadi yake kwa kushinda ''Blown Away'' ilijumuisha nafasi ya ukaaji wa kisanii katika The Corning Museum of Glass. == Ubunifu wa kisanaa == Kwa kutumia mbinu za kutengeneza vioo za mtindo wa Venetian, kazi za Czeresko zinaonyesha uzoefu wake binafsi unaoathiriwa na masuala ya kisasa. Czeresko mara nyingi hutumia kazi zake za uundaji wa vioo kuangazia suala la usawa wa wanawake. Katika mahojiano, alisema kuwa kwa muda mrefu amekuwa akivutiwa na wanawake kuchukua nafasi zinazohusisha nguvu za mwili, ambako wanaonekana kana kwamba hawapaswi kuwepo, na kwamba alitaka kufanya kioo kuwa chombo cha kuleta usawa. == Maonyesho teule == * 2006: ''Transparency'', Corridor Gallery, Reykjavik, Iceland * 2007: ''Art Now'', Middlebury College Museum of Art, Middlebury, Vermont * 2010: ''Armory Show'', UrbanGlass, Armory Arts Week, Brooklyn, New York * 2010: ''Shoefitti & Ibeam'', Louisville Glassworks, Louisville, Kentucky * 2010: ''The Fabritory'', Glasphemy by Macro Sea, Brooklyn, New York * 2011: ''Shoefitti'', Hudson Beach Glass, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania * 2013: ''Art of the Fellowship'', Museum of American Glass, Millville, New Jersey * 2015: ''CreativityAscertained'', Museum of American Glass, Millville, New Jersey * 2015: ''Post Mortem'', UGent, Rommelaere Instituut, Ghent, Ubelgiji * 2018: ''How Shall We Dine'', Rockland Center for the Arts, Rockland, New York * 2018: ''StreetKraft'', Habatat Gallery, Royal Oak, Michigan * 2019: ''New Glass Now'', The Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, New York * 2019: ''COLLABORATIONS with QUEER VOICES curated by Matthew Day Perez + Kate Hush'', Heller Gallery, New York, New York * 2020: ''Venice and American Studio Glass'', Le Stanze del Vetro, Venice, Italia * 2021: ''Fire & Form: New Directions in Glass'', Long Island Museum, Stony Brook, New York * 2024: ''Sand, Ash, Heat: Glass'', New Orleans Museum of Art, New Orleans, Louisiana == Mkusanyiko wa kudumu == * Toledo Museum, Toledo, Ohio * Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, New York * New Orleans Museum of Art, New Orleans, Louisiana * Museum of American Glass, Millville, New Jersey * Glass Museum Ebeltoft, Ebeltoft, Denmark * Frauenau Glasmuseum, Frauenau, Ujerumani Magharibi == Maonyesho ya utendaji == * 2009–2019: ''World’s Largest Glass'' * 2012: ''Performance as Medium'', Armory Arts Week, Brooklyn Glass, Brooklyn, New York * 2011–2014: ''Worlds Largest'', Chrysler Museum of Glass, Brooklyn, New York * 2014: ''Glass Medea'', Disembodied Voices at Brooklyn Glass, Brooklyn, New York * 2015: ''Fabrication Collective'', Urban Glass, Brooklyn, New York * 2016: ''The…'', Urban Glass, Brooklyn, New York * 2017: ''Women Up!'', Urban Glass, Brooklyn, New York * 2019: ''Fall Fund Raiser'', Urban Glass, Brooklyn, New York == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Sanaa]] 9fxn1dnkfkkk1x2qm3k7ouvq6pfq61w 1606290 1606209 2026-10-08T14:41:57Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606290 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Deb Czersesko.jpg|thumb|'''Deborah Czeresko''']] '''Deborah Czeresko''' (alizaliwa [[27 Julai]] [[1961]]) ni [[msanii]] wa [[Marekani]] anayejihusisha na uundaji wa vioo kwa kupuliza, anayejulikana kwa kushinda msimu wa kwanza wa kipindi cha Netflix, ''Blown Away''. == Elimu == Mwaka 1983, Czeresko alihitimu kutoka Rutgers University na mwaka 1992 alihitimu kutoka Tulane University. == Kazi == Kazi zake ziko katika mkusanyiko wa kudumu wa Museum of American Glass huko Millville, [[New Jersey]], Glasmuseet Ebeltoft na Frauenau Glass Museum. Alihudumu katika bodi ya wakurugenzi ya UrbanGlass, studio ya uundaji wa vioo kwa kupuliza iliyoko Brooklyn, kuanzia mwaka 2008 hadi 2018. Mwaka 2019, alishinda msimu wa kwanza wa kipindi cha Netflix, ''Blown Away''. Mwaka 2019, kazi yake ya sanaa iliyoitwa ''Meat Chandelier'' ilikuwa miongoni mwa kazi 100 zilizochaguliwa kwa ajili ya maonyesho ya ''New Glass Now'' katika The Corning Museum of Glass, yaliyokuwa yakionyesha sanaa ya kisasa ya vioo kutoka sehemu mbalimbali duniani. Zawadi yake kwa kushinda ''Blown Away'' ilijumuisha nafasi ya ukaaji wa kisanii katika The Corning Museum of Glass. == Ubunifu wa kisanaa == Kwa kutumia mbinu za kutengeneza vioo za mtindo wa Venetian, kazi za Czeresko zinaonyesha uzoefu wake binafsi unaoathiriwa na masuala ya kisasa. Czeresko mara nyingi hutumia kazi zake za uundaji wa vioo kuangazia suala la usawa wa wanawake. Katika mahojiano, alisema kuwa kwa muda mrefu amekuwa akivutiwa na wanawake kuchukua nafasi zinazohusisha nguvu za mwili, ambako wanaonekana kana kwamba hawapaswi kuwepo, na kwamba alitaka kufanya kioo kuwa chombo cha kuleta usawa. == Maonyesho teule == * 2006: ''Transparency'', Corridor Gallery, Reykjavik, Iceland * 2007: ''Art Now'', Middlebury College Museum of Art, Middlebury, Vermont * 2010: ''Armory Show'', UrbanGlass, Armory Arts Week, Brooklyn, New York * 2010: ''Shoefitti & Ibeam'', Louisville Glassworks, Louisville, Kentucky * 2010: ''The Fabritory'', Glasphemy by Macro Sea, Brooklyn, New York * 2011: ''Shoefitti'', Hudson Beach Glass, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania * 2013: ''Art of the Fellowship'', Museum of American Glass, Millville, New Jersey * 2015: ''CreativityAscertained'', Museum of American Glass, Millville, New Jersey * 2015: ''Post Mortem'', UGent, Rommelaere Instituut, Ghent, Ubelgiji * 2018: ''How Shall We Dine'', Rockland Center for the Arts, Rockland, New York * 2018: ''StreetKraft'', Habatat Gallery, Royal Oak, Michigan * 2019: ''New Glass Now'', The Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, New York * 2019: ''COLLABORATIONS with QUEER VOICES curated by Matthew Day Perez + Kate Hush'', Heller Gallery, New York, New York * 2020: ''Venice and American Studio Glass'', Le Stanze del Vetro, Venice, Italia * 2021: ''Fire & Form: New Directions in Glass'', Long Island Museum, Stony Brook, New York * 2024: ''Sand, Ash, Heat: Glass'', New Orleans Museum of Art, New Orleans, Louisiana == Mkusanyiko wa kudumu == * Toledo Museum, Toledo, Ohio * Corning Museum of Glass, Corning, New York * New Orleans Museum of Art, New Orleans, Louisiana * Museum of American Glass, Millville, New Jersey * Glass Museum Ebeltoft, Ebeltoft, Denmark * Frauenau Glasmuseum, Frauenau, Ujerumani Magharibi == Maonyesho ya utendaji == * 2009–2019: ''World’s Largest Glass'' * 2012: ''Performance as Medium'', Armory Arts Week, Brooklyn Glass, Brooklyn, New York * 2011–2014: ''Worlds Largest'', Chrysler Museum of Glass, Brooklyn, New York * 2014: ''Glass Medea'', Disembodied Voices at Brooklyn Glass, Brooklyn, New York * 2015: ''Fabrication Collective'', Urban Glass, Brooklyn, New York * 2016: ''The…'', Urban Glass, Brooklyn, New York * 2017: ''Women Up!'', Urban Glass, Brooklyn, New York * 2019: ''Fall Fund Raiser'', Urban Glass, Brooklyn, New York == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] ihs0shtf5eqt009icrl1mxno3b4xhcj 0 253750 1606210 2026-10-08T12:31:59Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dany Pen''' (amezaliwa [[22 Septemba]], [[1986]]) ni [[mwanaharakati]] wa [[haki za binadamu]], msanii na mwelimishaji [[Mkhmer]]-[[Mkanada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20150309/ISLAND04/150309723|title=Art Helps to tell story of Cambodian Genocide|last=Moniz-Hardy|first=Jessie|date=March 9, 2015|website=Royal Gazette|publisher=Royal Gazette Limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Assan|first1=Krystle|title=Taking Dany Pen's Pu...' 1606210 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dany Pen''' (amezaliwa [[22 Septemba]], [[1986]]) ni [[mwanaharakati]] wa [[haki za binadamu]], msanii na mwelimishaji [[Mkhmer]]-[[Mkanada]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20150309/ISLAND04/150309723|title=Art Helps to tell story of Cambodian Genocide|last=Moniz-Hardy|first=Jessie|date=March 9, 2015|website=Royal Gazette|publisher=Royal Gazette Limited}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Assan|first1=Krystle|title=Taking Dany Pen's Pulse|url=https://10thtribe.github.io/featuredany.html|website=10thtribe|publisher=Kulcha|accessdate=April 20, 2012}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1986|}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] r5dqqhkslabam2z1dzmyl3eqw5qoafa 0 253751 1606211 2026-10-08T12:32:09Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Omar Andrés Asad''' (alizaliwa [[9 Aprili]], [[1962]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] na meneja kutoka [[Argentina]]. Alizaliwa Argentina. Alicheza kama mshambuliaji. Alichezea klabu ya Vélez Sársfield nchini Argentina. Baada ya kustaafu, alikua meneja wa klabu kadhaa.<ref>[http://www.elindependiente.com.ar/papel/hoy/archivo_2004/noticias_v.asp?39074 Recopilaron casi 200 años de los sirio libaneses en Argentina] {{webarchive|url=https:/...' 1606211 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Omar Andrés Asad''' (alizaliwa [[9 Aprili]], [[1962]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] na meneja kutoka [[Argentina]]. Alizaliwa Argentina. Alicheza kama mshambuliaji. Alichezea klabu ya Vélez Sársfield nchini Argentina. Baada ya kustaafu, alikua meneja wa klabu kadhaa.<ref>[http://www.elindependiente.com.ar/papel/hoy/archivo_2004/noticias_v.asp?39074 Recopilaron casi 200 años de los sirio libaneses en Argentina] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908043743/http://www.elindependiente.com.ar/papel/hoy/archivo_2004/noticias_v.asp?39074 |date=8 September 2014 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2tq9fpio1i7enffipytgd77hez73cnr 0 253752 1606213 2026-10-08T12:34:41Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''George Sherman Avery Jr.''' ([[3 Agosti]] [[1903]] – [[6 Agosti]] [[1994]]) alikuwa [[mwanabotania]] wa [[Marekani]], [[mtaalamu]] wa [[fiziolojia]] ya mimea na mtaalamu mashuhuri wa kilimo cha bustani. == Wasifu == Avery alipata [[Shahada ya Awali|shahada]] yake ya kwanza katika Tulane University na kuendelea kupata shahada ya uzamili katika Dartmouth College. Alipata shahada ya Ph.D. katika fiziolojia ya mimea kutoka University of Wisconsin. Mwaka...' 1606213 wikitext text/x-wiki '''George Sherman Avery Jr.''' ([[3 Agosti]] [[1903]] – [[6 Agosti]] [[1994]]) alikuwa [[mwanabotania]] wa [[Marekani]], [[mtaalamu]] wa [[fiziolojia]] ya mimea na mtaalamu mashuhuri wa kilimo cha bustani. == Wasifu == Avery alipata [[Shahada ya Awali|shahada]] yake ya kwanza katika Tulane University na kuendelea kupata shahada ya uzamili katika Dartmouth College. Alipata shahada ya Ph.D. katika fiziolojia ya mimea kutoka University of Wisconsin. Mwaka 1931, Avery aliajiriwa kuwa profesa wa botania katika Connecticut College. Pia alikuwa mkurugenzi wa Connecticut College Arboretum. Avery aliondoka Connecticut mwaka 1944 na kuwa mkuu wa Brooklyn Botanic Garden (BBG). Chini ya uongozi wake, BBG ilifanya miradi kadhaa ya upanuzi baada ya kupata ardhi zaidi. Mwaka 1945, Avery alianzisha jarida ''Plants & Gardens''. Akiwa katika BBG, Avery alivutiwa na kilimo cha bonsai. Mwaka 1948, alimwajiri Frank Okamura kumsaidia kutunza miti kadhaa ya bonsai iliyokuwa katika bustani hiyo, ambayo ilikuwa imetolewa na Ernest F. Coe mwaka 1925. Avery alianza kuandaa kitabu cha mwongozo kuhusu utunzaji wa bonsai kwa msaada wa mtaalamu wa kilimo cha bustani Kanichiro Yashiroda, kilichoitwa ''Handbook on Dwarfed Potted Trees - The Bonsai of Japan''. Kitabu hicho kilichapishwa kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 1953. Avery alikuwa rais wa Botanical Society of America mwaka 1957. Aliondoka Brooklyn Botanic Garden mwaka 1969. == Tuzo == * [[Tuzo]] ya Kitaaluma ya American Horticultural Society (1970) * Medali na Tuzo ya Arthur Hoyt Scott ya Scott Arboretum (1974) == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wataalamu wa Marekani]] 30r434egxvsszgxxwhkbn8pmqodenu5 1606291 1606213 2026-10-08T14:42:46Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606291 wikitext text/x-wiki '''George Sherman Avery Jr.''' ([[3 Agosti]] [[1903]] – [[6 Agosti]] [[1994]]) alikuwa [[mwanabotania]] wa [[Marekani]], [[mtaalamu]] wa [[fiziolojia]] ya mimea na mtaalamu mashuhuri wa kilimo cha bustani. == Wasifu == Avery alipata [[Shahada ya Awali|shahada]] yake ya kwanza katika Tulane University na kuendelea kupata shahada ya uzamili katika Dartmouth College. Alipata shahada ya Ph.D. katika fiziolojia ya mimea kutoka University of Wisconsin. Mwaka 1931, Avery aliajiriwa kuwa profesa wa botania katika Connecticut College. Pia alikuwa mkurugenzi wa Connecticut College Arboretum. Avery aliondoka Connecticut mwaka 1944 na kuwa mkuu wa Brooklyn Botanic Garden (BBG). Chini ya uongozi wake, BBG ilifanya miradi kadhaa ya upanuzi baada ya kupata ardhi zaidi. Mwaka 1945, Avery alianzisha jarida ''Plants & Gardens''. Akiwa katika BBG, Avery alivutiwa na kilimo cha bonsai. Mwaka 1948, alimwajiri Frank Okamura kumsaidia kutunza miti kadhaa ya bonsai iliyokuwa katika bustani hiyo, ambayo ilikuwa imetolewa na Ernest F. Coe mwaka 1925. Avery alianza kuandaa kitabu cha mwongozo kuhusu utunzaji wa bonsai kwa msaada wa mtaalamu wa kilimo cha bustani Kanichiro Yashiroda, kilichoitwa ''Handbook on Dwarfed Potted Trees - The Bonsai of Japan''. Kitabu hicho kilichapishwa kwa mara ya kwanza mwaka 1953. Avery alikuwa rais wa Botanical Society of America mwaka 1957. Aliondoka Brooklyn Botanic Garden mwaka 1969. == Tuzo == * [[Tuzo]] ya Kitaaluma ya American Horticultural Society (1970) * Medali na Tuzo ya Arthur Hoyt Scott ya Scott Arboretum (1974) == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} {{BD|1903|1994}} [[Jamii:Wanabiolojia wa Marekani]] nrytfws0tz8q45gbs91e6f6vgubty82 0 253753 1606214 2026-10-08T12:35:04Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''José Omar Pastoriza''' ( [[23 Mei]] [[1942]] – [[2 Agosti]] [[2004]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] na meneja kutoka [[Argentina]]. Alizaliwa [[Rosario]], Argentina. Alicheza kama kiungo na aliwakilisha [[Argentina]] mara 18. Alichezea klabu za Independiente na AS Monaco. Baada ya kustaafu, alikua meneja wa Independiente mara tano na alishinda [[Copa Libertadores]] mwaka [[1984]] na Kombe la Intercontinental mwaka huo. Alifundisha pia Talle...' 1606214 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Omar Pastoriza''' ( [[23 Mei]] [[1942]] – [[2 Agosti]] [[2004]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] na meneja kutoka [[Argentina]]. Alizaliwa [[Rosario]], Argentina. Alicheza kama kiungo na aliwakilisha [[Argentina]] mara 18. Alichezea klabu za Independiente na AS Monaco. Baada ya kustaafu, alikua meneja wa Independiente mara tano na alishinda [[Copa Libertadores]] mwaka [[1984]] na Kombe la Intercontinental mwaka huo. Alifundisha pia Talleres de Córdoba, Racing Club, Boca Juniors, Atlético Madrid, na timu za taifa za [[El Salvador]] na [[Venezuela]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2004/08/02/um/m-806006.htm |title=Murió José Omar Pastoriza |last=Clarin.com |date=2 August 2004 |publication-date=2 August 2004 |language=es |access-date=21 February 2011 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001952/http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2004/08/02/um/m-806006.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2004]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Argentina]] 76x1lpjuy5josey6xiebrhdv68jq5b2 1606275 1606214 2026-10-08T14:14:41Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1606275 wikitext text/x-wiki '''José Omar Pastoriza''' ( [[23 Mei]] [[1942]] – [[2 Agosti]] [[2004]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[mpira wa miguu]] na meneja kutoka [[Argentina]]. Alizaliwa [[Rosario]], Argentina. Alicheza kama kiungo na aliwakilisha [[Argentina]] mara 18. Alichezea klabu za Independiente na AS Monaco. Baada ya kustaafu, alikua meneja wa Independiente mara tano na alishinda [[Copa Libertadores]] mwaka [[1984]] na Kombe la Intercontinental mwaka huo. Alifundisha pia Talleres de Córdoba, Racing Club, Boca Juniors, Atlético Madrid, na timu za taifa za [[El Salvador]] na [[Venezuela]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |url=http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2004/08/02/um/m-806006.htm |title=Murió José Omar Pastoriza |last=Clarin.com |date=2 August 2004 |publication-date=2 August 2004 |language=es |access-date=21 February 2011 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001952/http://edant.clarin.com/diario/2004/08/02/um/m-806006.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2004]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Argentina]] a93vcskqaqaxstdrpsx3faatfna3yip 0 253754 1606216 2026-10-08T12:37:34Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Miguel Ángel Brindisi de Marco''' (alizaliwa [[8 Oktoba]] [[1950]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] na meneja kutoka [[Argentina]]. Alizaliwa [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina. Alicheza kama kiungo. Alichezea klabu kama Huracán, Boca Juniors na Nacional Aliwakilisha [[Argentina]] katika [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] la [[1974]]. Baada ya kustaafu, alikua meneja wa klabu kadhaa nchini Argentina na [[Meksiko]].<ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneou...' 1606216 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Miguel Ángel Brindisi de Marco''' (alizaliwa [[8 Oktoba]] [[1950]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] na meneja kutoka [[Argentina]]. Alizaliwa [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina. Alicheza kama kiungo. Alichezea klabu kama Huracán, Boca Juniors na Nacional Aliwakilisha [[Argentina]] katika [[Kombe la Dunia la FIFA]] la [[1974]]. Baada ya kustaafu, alikua meneja wa klabu kadhaa nchini Argentina na [[Meksiko]].<ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/miscellaneous/arg-recintlp.html rsssf: Argentina record international players] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001102010215/http://www.rsssf.com/miscellaneous/arg-recintlp.html |date=2 November 2000 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.elgrafico.com.ar/0000/00/00/C-994-boca81.php Boca '81] on ''El Gráfico'' web</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1950]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Argentina]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] hut85oywkoimkyb2tgctaj2ghhadj8y 0 253755 1606217 2026-10-08T12:37:53Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika '[[File:IsabellePauwels-LIKE2012-view3.jpg|thumb|Isabelle na Valerie Pauwels, ''LIKE.../ AND, LIKE/ YOU KNOW/ TOTALLY/ RIGHT.'', 2012, picha kutoka kwenye video, mkusanyo wa Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery.]] '''Isabelle Pauwels''' (aliyezaliwa mwaka [[1975]] huko [[Kortrijk]], [[Ubelgiji]])<ref>Juan A. Gaitán, Monika Szewczyk, and Scott Watson, Exponential Future, 2008 (Vancouver: Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery, 2008), 78.</ref><ref>Juan A. Gait...' 1606217 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:IsabellePauwels-LIKE2012-view3.jpg|thumb|Isabelle na Valerie Pauwels, ''LIKE.../ AND, LIKE/ YOU KNOW/ TOTALLY/ RIGHT.'', 2012, picha kutoka kwenye video, mkusanyo wa Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery.]] '''Isabelle Pauwels''' (aliyezaliwa mwaka [[1975]] huko [[Kortrijk]], [[Ubelgiji]])<ref>Juan A. Gaitán, Monika Szewczyk, and Scott Watson, Exponential Future, 2008 (Vancouver: Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery, 2008), 78.</ref><ref>Juan A. Gaitán, Monika Szewczyk, na Scott Watson, ''Exponential Future'', 2008 (Vancouver: Morris and Helen Belkin Art Gallery, 2008), 78.</ref> ni [[msanii]] anayeishi na kufanya kazi huko Vancouver ambaye anajikita zaidi katika sanaa inayotumia video.<ref>"Isabelle Pauwels LIKE…/AND, LIKE/YOU KNOW/TOTALLY/ RIGHT," Western Front, accessed March 11, 2017, http://front.bc.ca/events/isabelle-pauwels-likeand-likeyou-knowtotally-right/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319195923/http://front.bc.ca/events/isabelle-pauwels-likeand-likeyou-knowtotally-right/ |date=2017-03-19 }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1975|}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] agiyd41h047n8q4egav2wwjc9hcm6xg 0 253756 1606218 2026-10-08T12:37:54Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Robert L. Arrington''' ([[19 Oktoba]] [[1938]] – [[20 Juni]] [[2015]]) alikuwa [[mwanafalsafa]] wa [[Marekani]], aliyebobea katika falsafa ya maadili, falsafa ya Ludwig Wittgenstein, na falsafa ya [[saikolojia]]. Arrington alizaliwa Bainbridge, Georgia, na alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Vanderbilt, ambako alipata shahada ya B.A. mwaka 1960 kwa heshima ya juu, na Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, ambako alipata shahada ya M.A. mwaka 1962 na Ph.D. mwaka 1966. Baad...' 1606218 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert L. Arrington''' ([[19 Oktoba]] [[1938]] – [[20 Juni]] [[2015]]) alikuwa [[mwanafalsafa]] wa [[Marekani]], aliyebobea katika falsafa ya maadili, falsafa ya Ludwig Wittgenstein, na falsafa ya [[saikolojia]]. Arrington alizaliwa Bainbridge, Georgia, na alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Vanderbilt, ambako alipata shahada ya B.A. mwaka 1960 kwa heshima ya juu, na Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, ambako alipata shahada ya M.A. mwaka 1962 na Ph.D. mwaka 1966. Baada ya miaka mitatu akiwa profesa msaidizi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Southern [[Mississippi]] kuanzia mwaka 1963 hadi 1966, Arrington alihamia Chuo Kikuu cha Georgia State, ambako alikuwa profesa mstaafu wa falsafa na mkurugenzi wa Wittgenstein Studies. Alipokea Woodrow Wilson Fellowship mwaka 1960 na N.D.E.A. Title IV Fellowship mwaka huo huo. Mwaka 1968 alipokea Griffin Award kutoka Southern Society for Philosophy and Psychology. Pia alikuwa Mtafiti Mshirika wa American Council of Learned Societies katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Oxford]] kuanzia mwaka 1974 hadi 1975. == Vitabu == === Monografia === * ''Rationalism, Realism, and Relativism: Perspectives in Contemporary Moral Epistemology'' (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989) * ''Western Ethics'' (Oxford: Blackwell, 1997) * ''Twentieth Century Ethics'' (Oxford: Blackwell, kitabu kilichokuwa kinatarajiwa kuchapishwa) === Kama mhariri === * ''Wittgenstein's "Philosophical Investigations": Text and Context'' [mhariri mwenza H.J. Glock] (London: Routledge, 1991) * ''Wittgenstein and Quine'' [mhariri mwenza H.J. Glock] (London: Routledge, 1996) * ''A Companion to the Philosophers'' (Oxford: Blackwell, 1998) * ''Wittgenstein and Philosophy of Religion'' [mhariri mwenza Mark Addis] (London: Routledge, kitabu kilichokuwa kinatarajiwa kuchapishwa) == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wanafalsafa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasaikolojia wa Marekani]] dik0b4uz364azvv9rgy2wd11rrs2ho5 1606292 1606218 2026-10-08T14:43:31Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1606292 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert L. Arrington''' ([[19 Oktoba]] [[1938]] – [[20 Juni]] [[2015]]) alikuwa [[mwanafalsafa]] wa [[Marekani]], aliyebobea katika falsafa ya maadili, falsafa ya Ludwig Wittgenstein, na falsafa ya [[saikolojia]]. Arrington alizaliwa Bainbridge, Georgia, na alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Vanderbilt, ambako alipata shahada ya B.A. mwaka 1960 kwa heshima ya juu, na Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, ambako alipata shahada ya M.A. mwaka 1962 na Ph.D. mwaka 1966. Baada ya miaka mitatu akiwa profesa msaidizi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Southern [[Mississippi]] kuanzia mwaka 1963 hadi 1966, Arrington alihamia Chuo Kikuu cha Georgia State, ambako alikuwa profesa mstaafu wa falsafa na mkurugenzi wa Wittgenstein Studies. Alipokea Woodrow Wilson Fellowship mwaka 1960 na N.D.E.A. Title IV Fellowship mwaka huo huo. Mwaka 1968 alipokea Griffin Award kutoka Southern Society for Philosophy and Psychology. Pia alikuwa Mtafiti Mshirika wa American Council of Learned Societies katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Oxford]] kuanzia mwaka 1974 hadi 1975. == Vitabu == === Monografia === * ''Rationalism, Realism, and Relativism: Perspectives in Contemporary Moral Epistemology'' (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989) * ''Western Ethics'' (Oxford: Blackwell, 1997) * ''Twentieth Century Ethics'' (Oxford: Blackwell, kitabu kilichokuwa kinatarajiwa kuchapishwa) === Kama mhariri === * ''Wittgenstein's "Philosophical Investigations": Text and Context'' [mhariri mwenza H.J. Glock] (London: Routledge, 1991) * ''Wittgenstein and Quine'' [mhariri mwenza H.J. Glock] (London: Routledge, 1996) * ''A Companion to the Philosophers'' (Oxford: Blackwell, 1998) * ''Wittgenstein and Philosophy of Religion'' [mhariri mwenza Mark Addis] (London: Routledge, kitabu kilichokuwa kinatarajiwa kuchapishwa) == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1938|2015}} [[Jamii:Wanafalsafa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasaikolojia wa Marekani]] kumvhg2xntewe89ytrico07fhzi04za 0 253757 1606219 2026-10-08T12:41:40Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bryan Batt''' (aliyezaliwa [[1 Machi]] [[1963]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake katika mfululizo wa AMC, ''Mad Men'', ambapo aliigiza Salvatore Romano, mkurugenzi wa sanaa aliyeficha mwelekeo wake wa kingono katika shirika la Sterling Cooper. Akiwa hasa mwigizaji wa ukumbi wa michezo, pia amekuwa na nafasi kadhaa kuu katika filamu na televisheni. Uigizaji wake katika toleo la muziki la ''Saturday Night Fever'' uliml...' 1606219 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bryan Batt''' (aliyezaliwa [[1 Machi]] [[1963]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake katika mfululizo wa AMC, ''Mad Men'', ambapo aliigiza Salvatore Romano, mkurugenzi wa sanaa aliyeficha mwelekeo wake wa kingono katika shirika la Sterling Cooper. Akiwa hasa mwigizaji wa ukumbi wa michezo, pia amekuwa na nafasi kadhaa kuu katika filamu na televisheni. Uigizaji wake katika toleo la muziki la ''Saturday Night Fever'' ulimletea moja ya heshima za kipekee za Jiji la [[Jiji la New York|New York]], yaani mchoro wake wa caricature katika mkahawa wa Sardi's. == Maisha ya awali == Batt alizaliwa [[New Orleans, Louisiana]], akiwa mtoto wa Gayle (aliyezaliwa Mackenroth), mwigizaji wa kujitegemea, dansi na [[mwanaharakati]] wa masuala ya kiraia, na John Batt. Familia yake ilianzisha na kuendesha bustani ya burudani ya Pontchartrain Beach. Alisoma na kuhitimu katika Isidore Newman School, shule ya maandalizi ya masomo ya juu huko New Orleans, na Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, ambako alikuwa mwanachama wa undugu wa Delta Kappa Epsilon. == Maisha binafsi == Mwaka 2010, Batt alichapisha kumbukumbu kuhusu mama yake yenye kichwa ''She Ain't Heavy, She's My Mother''. Mama yake alifariki mwezi Desemba 2010. Mwaka 2011, alichapisha kitabu chake cha pili, ''Big, Easy, Style'', kinachozungumzia usanifu wa ndani na samani za nyumbani. Tarehe 28 Septemba 2014, Batt alifunga ndoa na mwenzi wake wa muda mrefu, Tom Cianfichi, ambaye ni mpangaji wa matukio. Batt na Cianfichi wanamiliki duka la mapambo na samani za nyumbani linaloitwa Hazelnut, lililoko Magazine Street huko New Orleans. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] ghl56y9sqp60rmo5jbkvp0u5axx9kvb 1606220 1606219 2026-10-08T12:42:33Z Ladygoody 92634 1606220 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:BryanBattEmmysSept09.jpg|thumb|Batt in September 2009]] '''Bryan Batt''' (aliyezaliwa [[1 Machi]] [[1963]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake katika mfululizo wa AMC, ''Mad Men'', ambapo aliigiza Salvatore Romano, mkurugenzi wa sanaa aliyeficha mwelekeo wake wa kingono katika shirika la Sterling Cooper. Akiwa hasa mwigizaji wa ukumbi wa michezo, pia amekuwa na nafasi kadhaa kuu katika filamu na televisheni. Uigizaji wake katika toleo la muziki la ''Saturday Night Fever'' ulimletea moja ya heshima za kipekee za Jiji la [[Jiji la New York|New York]], yaani mchoro wake wa caricature katika mkahawa wa Sardi's. == Maisha ya awali == Batt alizaliwa [[New Orleans, Louisiana]], akiwa mtoto wa Gayle (aliyezaliwa Mackenroth), mwigizaji wa kujitegemea, dansi na [[mwanaharakati]] wa masuala ya kiraia, na John Batt. Familia yake ilianzisha na kuendesha bustani ya burudani ya Pontchartrain Beach. Alisoma na kuhitimu katika Isidore Newman School, shule ya maandalizi ya masomo ya juu huko New Orleans, na Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, ambako alikuwa mwanachama wa undugu wa Delta Kappa Epsilon. == Maisha binafsi == Mwaka 2010, Batt alichapisha kumbukumbu kuhusu mama yake yenye kichwa ''She Ain't Heavy, She's My Mother''. Mama yake alifariki mwezi Desemba 2010. Mwaka 2011, alichapisha kitabu chake cha pili, ''Big, Easy, Style'', kinachozungumzia usanifu wa ndani na samani za nyumbani. Tarehe 28 Septemba 2014, Batt alifunga ndoa na mwenzi wake wa muda mrefu, Tom Cianfichi, ambaye ni mpangaji wa matukio. Batt na Cianfichi wanamiliki duka la mapambo na samani za nyumbani linaloitwa Hazelnut, lililoko Magazine Street huko New Orleans. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] jxqhn0nahbekkkinmzxw6siysab08gb 1606293 1606220 2026-10-08T14:44:27Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606293 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:BryanBattEmmysSept09.jpg|thumb|Batt in September 2009]] '''Bryan Batt''' (alizaliwa [[1 Machi]] [[1963]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Marekani]] anayejulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake katika mfululizo wa AMC, ''Mad Men'', ambapo aliigiza Salvatore Romano, mkurugenzi wa sanaa aliyeficha mwelekeo wake wa kingono katika shirika la Sterling Cooper. Akiwa hasa mwigizaji wa ukumbi wa michezo, pia amekuwa na nafasi kadhaa kuu katika filamu na televisheni. Uigizaji wake katika toleo la muziki la ''Saturday Night Fever'' ulimletea moja ya heshima za kipekee za Jiji la [[Jiji la New York|New York]], yaani mchoro wake wa caricature katika mkahawa wa Sardi's. == Maisha ya awali == Batt alizaliwa [[New Orleans, Louisiana]], akiwa mtoto wa Gayle (aliyezaliwa Mackenroth), mwigizaji wa kujitegemea, dansi na [[mwanaharakati]] wa masuala ya kiraia, na John Batt. Familia yake ilianzisha na kuendesha bustani ya burudani ya Pontchartrain Beach. Alisoma na kuhitimu katika Isidore Newman School, shule ya maandalizi ya masomo ya juu huko New Orleans, na Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, ambako alikuwa mwanachama wa undugu wa Delta Kappa Epsilon. == Maisha binafsi == Mwaka 2010, Batt alichapisha kumbukumbu kuhusu mama yake yenye kichwa ''She Ain't Heavy, She's My Mother''. Mama yake alifariki mwezi Desemba 2010. Mwaka 2011, alichapisha kitabu chake cha pili, ''Big, Easy, Style'', kinachozungumzia usanifu wa ndani na samani za nyumbani. Tarehe 28 Septemba 2014, Batt alifunga ndoa na mwenzi wake wa muda mrefu, Tom Cianfichi, ambaye ni mpangaji wa matukio. Batt na Cianfichi wanamiliki duka la mapambo na samani za nyumbani linaloitwa Hazelnut, lililoko Magazine Street huko New Orleans. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu-USA}} {{BD|1963|}} [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] 42ooj2am0kg528s3rnu0kjc4dc90f59 0 253758 1606222 2026-10-08T12:46:50Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Steve Berman''' ni mhariri, [[mwandishi]] wa riwaya na mwandishi wa [[hadithi]] fupi kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anaandika katika uwanja wa fasihi bunifu ya kubuni yenye mada za queer. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Berman alizaliwa Philadelphia na kukulia South [[Jersey]]. Anasema alitambua alipokuwa katika shule ya sekondari ya chini kwamba alikuwa shoga. Alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane huko [[New Orleans]], ambako alipata shahada ya kwanza katika Fasi...' 1606222 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Steve Berman''' ni mhariri, [[mwandishi]] wa riwaya na mwandishi wa [[hadithi]] fupi kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anaandika katika uwanja wa fasihi bunifu ya kubuni yenye mada za queer. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Berman alizaliwa Philadelphia na kukulia South [[Jersey]]. Anasema alitambua alipokuwa katika shule ya sekondari ya chini kwamba alikuwa shoga. Alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane huko [[New Orleans]], ambako alipata shahada ya kwanza katika Fasihi ya [[Kiingereza]]. Baadaye alisoma historia katika Rutgers University–Camden huko Camden, [[New Jersey]], ambako alipata shahada ya uzamili katika Mafunzo ya Kitaaluma Mseto mwaka 2006. == Kazi == Alianza kazi yake katika uchapishaji akifanya kazi katika uchapishaji wa dawa na tiba, kisha akawa mnunuzi mkuu wa vitabu katika kampuni ya jumla ya Bookazine, na baadaye akafanya kazi katika idara ya masoko ya kampuni ndogo ya uchapishaji ya Kiyahudi. Alitumia miaka kumi akiwa mchambuzi wa tafiti za ushiriki wa wafanyakazi katika kampuni ya ushauri wa rasilimali watu huko Cherry Hill, New Jersey. Berman alihudhuria Clarion Workshop mwaka 2006, mwaka wa mwisho ambapo warsha hiyo ilifanyika East Lansing, Michigan. Ingawa alilelewa katika Uyahudi, Berman hubadilika kati ya mtazamo wa kutokuwa na dini katika Uyahudi na ukana Mungu. Berman ni mwanachama wa zamani wa Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA) na mwanachama wa maisha wa RPGA. Hadithi zake fupi hasa ni za fantasia yenye giza, hofu, fantasia ya mijini na autofiction ya ajabu. Amezungumza mtandaoni na katika mijadala ya makongamano kuhusu historia ya fasihi bunifu ya kubuni inayojumuisha LGBT na mada zinazowahusu vijana wa LGBT. Mwaka 2001, Berman alianzisha Lethe Press. Vitabu vya kwanza vilivyochapishwa vilijumuisha mkusanyiko wake wa kwanza wa hadithi fupi, ''Trysts'', pamoja na vitabu kadhaa vilivyokuwa katika milki ya umma. Mwaka 2004, alikutana na mwandishi Toby Johnson na akamtolea kuchapisha tena kitabu cha Johnson, ''Gay Spirituality''. Lethe Press huchapisha mara kwa mara vitabu vya fasihi bunifu ya kubuni yenye mada za LGBT. Baadhi ya hadithi zake za fantasia ya mijini zimewekwa katika eneo la Fallen Area. Mwezi Juni 2009, alianzisha chapisho la kila robo mwaka lililoitwa ''Icarus, the Magazine of Gay Speculative Fiction'', ambalo lilimalizika mwezi Oktoba 2013. Mwezi Agosti 2017, Berman alihamia Western Massachusetts. == Tuzo na heshima == Berman amewahi kuwa mshiriki wa mwisho katika Shirley Jackson Award na Golden Crown Literary Award, mara saba katika Gaylactic Spectrum Awards, na mara tano kama mhariri katika Lambda Literary Award katika kategoria mbalimbali. Alishinda [[tuzo]] hiyo ya mwisho mwaka 2018 kwa ''His Seed''. Riwaya yake ya kwanza, ''Vintage: A Ghost Story'', ilichapishwa mwaka 2007 na kuwa mshiriki wa mwisho katika Andre Norton Award. == Kama mhariri == * ''Charmed Lives: Gay Spirit in Storytelling'' (alihariri pamoja na Toby Johnson) (2006). Hiki kilikuwa kitabu cha kwanza katika mfululizo wa White Crane Wisdom Series. Ni mkusanyiko wa insha za kutia moyo na hadithi fupi kwa wanaume mashoga, na kilikuwa mshiriki wa mwisho katika Lambda Literary Award. * ''So Fey: Queer Fairy Fiction'' (2007, kilichochapishwa tena 2009). Huu ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi fupi za LGBT zinazohusu viumbe wa kifahari wa aina ya fairies. Ulikuwa mshiriki wa mwisho katika Gaylactic Spectrum Awards na Golden Crown Literary Awards. * ''Magic in the Mirrorstone'' (2008). Huu ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi za vijana, ambapo hadithi zote zinahusu uchawi. * ''Best Gay Stories'' (2008–10, 2013–16). Ni mkusanyiko wa kila mwaka unaochapisha tena hadithi fupi na insha bora zenye mada za mashoga. Mwandishi wa Kanada Peter Dube alichukua jukumu la uhariri wa matoleo ya mwaka 2011 na 2012. * ''Wilde Stories'' (2008–18). Ni mkusanyiko wa kila mwaka unaochapisha tena kazi bora za mwaka uliotangulia za fasihi bunifu ya kubuni na fasihi ya aina ya interstitial zenye wahusika na mada za mashoga. Matoleo ya 2008 na 2010 yalikuwa washiriki wa mwisho katika Lambda Literary Award. * ''Speaking Out'' (2011). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi fupi za vijana wenye lengo la kuwatia moyo vijana wa LGBT. * ''Boys of Summer'' (2012). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi fupi za vijana kuhusu majira ya kiangazi, uliolenga vijana mashoga. * ''Heiresses of Russ'' (2011–16). Ni mkusanyiko wa kila mwaka wa fasihi bunifu ya kubuni yenye mada za wasagaji. Kila toleo lilihaririwa pamoja na mhariri mwanamke tofauti na lilipewa jina kwa heshima ya Joanna Russ. Toleo la mwaka 2012 lilikuwa mshiriki wa mwisho katika Lambda Literary Award na Golden Crown Literary Award. * ''The Touch of the Sea'' (2012). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi za kifantasia zenye mada za mashoga zinazohusisha bahari na ngano za baharini. * ''Bad Seeds: Evil Progeny'' (2013). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi za kutisha kuhusu watoto waovu kutoka Prime Books. * ''Where Thy Dark Eye Glances: Queering Edgar Allan Poe'' (2013). Ni mkusanyiko wa fantasia yenye giza unaotafsiri upya kazi za Poe kwa mtazamo wa queer. Ulikuwa mshiriki wa mwisho katika Shirley Jackson Award. * ''Zombies: Shambling Through the Ages'' (2013). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi za kihistoria zinazowahusu mizuka na mazombi kutoka Prime Books. * ''Shades of Blue & Gray: Civil War Ghost Stories'' (2013). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi za mizuka zinazohusiana na Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Marekani au matokeo yake. * ''Suffered From the Night: Queering Bram Stoker's Dracula'' (2013). Ni mkusanyiko wa fantasia yenye giza na hadithi za kutisha unaotoa hadithi mpya zenye mada za mashoga kuhusu wahusika kutoka riwaya maarufu zaidi ya vampire. * ''Handsome Devil: Stories of Sin and Seduction'' (2014). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi za kutisha na fantasia yenye giza zenye mada ya incubus kutoka Prime Books. * ''Daughters of Frankenstein: Lesbian Mad Scientists'' (2015). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi za sayansi wenye mada za wasagaji, uliokuwa mshiriki wa mwisho katika Golden Crown Literary Award. * ''His Seed'' (2017). Ulishinda Lambda Literary Award. * ''Burly Tales'' (2021). Ni mkusanyiko wa simulizi zilizotungwa upya kutoka hadithi za kifahari, kwa ajili ya wanaume mashoga wenye nywele nyingi mwilini. * ''Brute'' (2023). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi zinazozungumzia muingiliano wa uanaume, vurugu na mambo yasiyo ya kawaida. * ''Final Curtain'' (2025). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi za kutisha na za ajabu uliochochewa na ''The Phantom of the Opera''. * ''Witchcraft in Your Lips'' (2026). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi za wasagaji kuhusu wachawi, ukiwa na noveli fupi mbili. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wahariri wa filamu]] jy4oc28i90a87x35bp17ziv8r21mj7v 1606294 1606222 2026-10-08T14:45:19Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606294 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Steve Berman''' ni mhariri, [[mwandishi]] wa riwaya na mwandishi wa [[hadithi]] fupi kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anaandika katika uwanja wa fasihi bunifu ya kubuni yenye mada za queer. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Berman alizaliwa Philadelphia na kukulia South [[Jersey]]. Anasema alitambua alipokuwa katika shule ya sekondari ya chini kwamba alikuwa shoga. Alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane huko [[New Orleans]], ambako alipata shahada ya kwanza katika Fasihi ya [[Kiingereza]]. Baadaye alisoma historia katika Rutgers University–Camden huko Camden, [[New Jersey]], ambako alipata shahada ya uzamili katika Mafunzo ya Kitaaluma Mseto mwaka 2006. == Kazi == Alianza kazi yake katika uchapishaji akifanya kazi katika uchapishaji wa dawa na tiba, kisha akawa mnunuzi mkuu wa vitabu katika kampuni ya jumla ya Bookazine, na baadaye akafanya kazi katika idara ya masoko ya kampuni ndogo ya uchapishaji ya Kiyahudi. Alitumia miaka kumi akiwa mchambuzi wa tafiti za ushiriki wa wafanyakazi katika kampuni ya ushauri wa rasilimali watu huko Cherry Hill, New Jersey. Berman alihudhuria Clarion Workshop mwaka 2006, mwaka wa mwisho ambapo warsha hiyo ilifanyika East Lansing, Michigan. Ingawa alilelewa katika Uyahudi, Berman hubadilika kati ya mtazamo wa kutokuwa na dini katika Uyahudi na ukana Mungu. Berman ni mwanachama wa zamani wa Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America (SFWA) na mwanachama wa maisha wa RPGA. Hadithi zake fupi hasa ni za fantasia yenye giza, hofu, fantasia ya mijini na autofiction ya ajabu. Amezungumza mtandaoni na katika mijadala ya makongamano kuhusu historia ya fasihi bunifu ya kubuni inayojumuisha LGBT na mada zinazowahusu vijana wa LGBT. Mwaka 2001, Berman alianzisha Lethe Press. Vitabu vya kwanza vilivyochapishwa vilijumuisha mkusanyiko wake wa kwanza wa hadithi fupi, ''Trysts'', pamoja na vitabu kadhaa vilivyokuwa katika milki ya umma. Mwaka 2004, alikutana na mwandishi Toby Johnson na akamtolea kuchapisha tena kitabu cha Johnson, ''Gay Spirituality''. Lethe Press huchapisha mara kwa mara vitabu vya fasihi bunifu ya kubuni yenye mada za LGBT. Baadhi ya hadithi zake za fantasia ya mijini zimewekwa katika eneo la Fallen Area. Mwezi Juni 2009, alianzisha chapisho la kila robo mwaka lililoitwa ''Icarus, the Magazine of Gay Speculative Fiction'', ambalo lilimalizika mwezi Oktoba 2013. Mwezi Agosti 2017, Berman alihamia Western Massachusetts. == Tuzo na heshima == Berman amewahi kuwa mshiriki wa mwisho katika Shirley Jackson Award na Golden Crown Literary Award, mara saba katika Gaylactic Spectrum Awards, na mara tano kama mhariri katika Lambda Literary Award katika kategoria mbalimbali. Alishinda [[tuzo]] hiyo ya mwisho mwaka 2018 kwa ''His Seed''. Riwaya yake ya kwanza, ''Vintage: A Ghost Story'', ilichapishwa mwaka 2007 na kuwa mshiriki wa mwisho katika Andre Norton Award. == Kama mhariri == * ''Charmed Lives: Gay Spirit in Storytelling'' (alihariri pamoja na Toby Johnson) (2006). Hiki kilikuwa kitabu cha kwanza katika mfululizo wa White Crane Wisdom Series. Ni mkusanyiko wa insha za kutia moyo na hadithi fupi kwa wanaume mashoga, na kilikuwa mshiriki wa mwisho katika Lambda Literary Award. * ''So Fey: Queer Fairy Fiction'' (2007, kilichochapishwa tena 2009). Huu ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi fupi za LGBT zinazohusu viumbe wa kifahari wa aina ya fairies. Ulikuwa mshiriki wa mwisho katika Gaylactic Spectrum Awards na Golden Crown Literary Awards. * ''Magic in the Mirrorstone'' (2008). Huu ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi za vijana, ambapo hadithi zote zinahusu uchawi. * ''Best Gay Stories'' (2008–10, 2013–16). Ni mkusanyiko wa kila mwaka unaochapisha tena hadithi fupi na insha bora zenye mada za mashoga. Mwandishi wa Kanada Peter Dube alichukua jukumu la uhariri wa matoleo ya mwaka 2011 na 2012. * ''Wilde Stories'' (2008–18). Ni mkusanyiko wa kila mwaka unaochapisha tena kazi bora za mwaka uliotangulia za fasihi bunifu ya kubuni na fasihi ya aina ya interstitial zenye wahusika na mada za mashoga. Matoleo ya 2008 na 2010 yalikuwa washiriki wa mwisho katika Lambda Literary Award. * ''Speaking Out'' (2011). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi fupi za vijana wenye lengo la kuwatia moyo vijana wa LGBT. * ''Boys of Summer'' (2012). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi fupi za vijana kuhusu majira ya kiangazi, uliolenga vijana mashoga. * ''Heiresses of Russ'' (2011–16). Ni mkusanyiko wa kila mwaka wa fasihi bunifu ya kubuni yenye mada za wasagaji. Kila toleo lilihaririwa pamoja na mhariri mwanamke tofauti na lilipewa jina kwa heshima ya Joanna Russ. Toleo la mwaka 2012 lilikuwa mshiriki wa mwisho katika Lambda Literary Award na Golden Crown Literary Award. * ''The Touch of the Sea'' (2012). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi za kifantasia zenye mada za mashoga zinazohusisha bahari na ngano za baharini. * ''Bad Seeds: Evil Progeny'' (2013). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi za kutisha kuhusu watoto waovu kutoka Prime Books. * ''Where Thy Dark Eye Glances: Queering Edgar Allan Poe'' (2013). Ni mkusanyiko wa fantasia yenye giza unaotafsiri upya kazi za Poe kwa mtazamo wa queer. Ulikuwa mshiriki wa mwisho katika Shirley Jackson Award. * ''Zombies: Shambling Through the Ages'' (2013). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi za kihistoria zinazowahusu mizuka na mazombi kutoka Prime Books. * ''Shades of Blue & Gray: Civil War Ghost Stories'' (2013). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi za mizuka zinazohusiana na Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Marekani au matokeo yake. * ''Suffered From the Night: Queering Bram Stoker's Dracula'' (2013). Ni mkusanyiko wa fantasia yenye giza na hadithi za kutisha unaotoa hadithi mpya zenye mada za mashoga kuhusu wahusika kutoka riwaya maarufu zaidi ya vampire. * ''Handsome Devil: Stories of Sin and Seduction'' (2014). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi za kutisha na fantasia yenye giza zenye mada ya incubus kutoka Prime Books. * ''Daughters of Frankenstein: Lesbian Mad Scientists'' (2015). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi za sayansi wenye mada za wasagaji, uliokuwa mshiriki wa mwisho katika Golden Crown Literary Award. * ''His Seed'' (2017). Ulishinda Lambda Literary Award. * ''Burly Tales'' (2021). Ni mkusanyiko wa simulizi zilizotungwa upya kutoka hadithi za kifahari, kwa ajili ya wanaume mashoga wenye nywele nyingi mwilini. * ''Brute'' (2023). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi zinazozungumzia muingiliano wa uanaume, vurugu na mambo yasiyo ya kawaida. * ''Final Curtain'' (2025). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi za kutisha na za ajabu uliochochewa na ''The Phantom of the Opera''. * ''Witchcraft in Your Lips'' (2026). Ni mkusanyiko wa hadithi za wasagaji kuhusu wachawi, ukiwa na noveli fupi mbili. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwandishi}} [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] 1ik3q79tgzc0gx9ktgtfg92ethjidfa 0 253759 1606224 2026-10-08T12:52:41Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Fernando del Valle''' (aliyezaliwa Brian Stephen Skinner, [[28 Februari]] [[1964]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] wa tenor wa opera kutoka [[Marekani]]. Ni mtoto wa Edward King Skinner II, mwanajeshi mkongwe wa Vita vya [[Korea Kusini|Korea]], na Concha Marina Meléndez del Valle, ambaye ni binamu wa George Melendez Wright. Yeye ni mjukuu wa Aranka Bischitz, ambaye alikuwa kitukuu wa Baroness Johanna Bischitz von Heves na mpwa wa mwanakemia wa mionzi kutoka Hungary n...' 1606224 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fernando del Valle''' (aliyezaliwa Brian Stephen Skinner, [[28 Februari]] [[1964]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] wa tenor wa opera kutoka [[Marekani]]. Ni mtoto wa Edward King Skinner II, mwanajeshi mkongwe wa Vita vya [[Korea Kusini|Korea]], na Concha Marina Meléndez del Valle, ambaye ni binamu wa George Melendez Wright. Yeye ni mjukuu wa Aranka Bischitz, ambaye alikuwa kitukuu wa Baroness Johanna Bischitz von Heves na mpwa wa mwanakemia wa mionzi kutoka Hungary na mshindi wa Tuzo ya Nobel ya Kemia, George de Hevesy. Pia ni mpwa wa mbunifu Manuel Roberto Meléndez Bischitz. == Ukoo == Alichukua jina la del Valle kwa heshima ya babu yake, Fernando Meléndez del Valle, ambaye pia alikuwa mwimbaji wa tenor na mwanadiplomasia wa El Salvador katika ubalozi mdogo wa El Salvador huko New Orleans. Yeye ni kitukuu wa Andrés del Valle, Rais wa El Salvador mwaka 1876, na ni mzao wa moja kwa moja wa Kanali José María San Martín, Rais wa El Salvador kuanzia mwaka 1854 hadi 1856 na mwanzilishi wa Santa Tecla, El Salvador. Akiwa kizazi cha nne cha familia ya [[New Orleans]], yeye ni mjukuu wa Jaji Mhe. Robert J. Skinner, aliyekuwa msajili na mweka hazina wa Jiji la New Orleans, sajenti mkuu wa kikosi katika Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, na kitukuu wa Jaji Edward King Skinner, ambaye alihudumu katika mahakama ya jiji, mahakama ya jinai na mahakama ya wilaya ya kiraia kwa vipindi mbalimbali, kwa jumla ya miaka 52. Mwaka 1880, aliteuliwa katika mahakama ya wilaya ya kwanza baada ya Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Marekani. Mwaka mmoja baada ya kustaafu kwake, mawakili waliipa mahakama ya wilaya ya kiraia picha ya mafuta ya Jaji Skinner. Picha hiyo iliyochorwa na John Paul Parker iliwasilishwa kwa mahakama na Mwanasheria wa Marekani Rene A. Viosca, ambaye wakati huo alikuwa rais wa Chama cha [[Mwanasheria|Wanasheria]] wa New Orleans. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] 8ro9ypmrqu0uywxuh022vascu0udcnx 1606225 1606224 2026-10-08T12:53:37Z Ladygoody 92634 1606225 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:TENOR FERNANDO DEL VALLE ONSTAGE.jpg|thumb|del Valle in 2010]] '''Fernando del Valle''' (aliyezaliwa Brian Stephen Skinner, [[28 Februari]] [[1964]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] wa tenor wa opera kutoka [[Marekani]]. Ni mtoto wa Edward King Skinner II, mwanajeshi mkongwe wa Vita vya [[Korea Kusini|Korea]], na Concha Marina Meléndez del Valle, ambaye ni binamu wa George Melendez Wright. Yeye ni mjukuu wa Aranka Bischitz, ambaye alikuwa kitukuu wa Baroness Johanna Bischitz von Heves na mpwa wa mwanakemia wa mionzi kutoka Hungary na mshindi wa Tuzo ya Nobel ya Kemia, George de Hevesy. Pia ni mpwa wa mbunifu Manuel Roberto Meléndez Bischitz. == Ukoo == Alichukua jina la del Valle kwa heshima ya babu yake, Fernando Meléndez del Valle, ambaye pia alikuwa mwimbaji wa tenor na mwanadiplomasia wa El Salvador katika ubalozi mdogo wa El Salvador huko New Orleans. Yeye ni kitukuu wa Andrés del Valle, Rais wa El Salvador mwaka 1876, na ni mzao wa moja kwa moja wa Kanali José María San Martín, Rais wa El Salvador kuanzia mwaka 1854 hadi 1856 na mwanzilishi wa Santa Tecla, El Salvador. Akiwa kizazi cha nne cha familia ya [[New Orleans]], yeye ni mjukuu wa Jaji Mhe. Robert J. Skinner, aliyekuwa msajili na mweka hazina wa Jiji la New Orleans, sajenti mkuu wa kikosi katika Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, na kitukuu wa Jaji Edward King Skinner, ambaye alihudumu katika mahakama ya jiji, mahakama ya jinai na mahakama ya wilaya ya kiraia kwa vipindi mbalimbali, kwa jumla ya miaka 52. Mwaka 1880, aliteuliwa katika mahakama ya wilaya ya kwanza baada ya Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Marekani. Mwaka mmoja baada ya kustaafu kwake, mawakili waliipa mahakama ya wilaya ya kiraia picha ya mafuta ya Jaji Skinner. Picha hiyo iliyochorwa na John Paul Parker iliwasilishwa kwa mahakama na Mwanasheria wa Marekani Rene A. Viosca, ambaye wakati huo alikuwa rais wa Chama cha [[Mwanasheria|Wanasheria]] wa New Orleans. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji]] [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] suzwqdtv0yeyuxcz61w0xoqgx6rajka 1606295 1606225 2026-10-08T14:46:05Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606295 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:TENOR FERNANDO DEL VALLE ONSTAGE.jpg|thumb|del Valle in 2010]] '''Fernando del Valle''' (alizaliwa '''Brian Stephen Skinner''', [[28 Februari]] [[1964]]) ni [[mwimbaji]] wa tenor wa opera kutoka [[Marekani]]. Ni mtoto wa Edward King Skinner II, mwanajeshi mkongwe wa Vita vya [[Korea Kusini|Korea]], na Concha Marina Meléndez del Valle, ambaye ni binamu wa George Melendez Wright. Yeye ni mjukuu wa Aranka Bischitz, ambaye alikuwa kitukuu wa Baroness Johanna Bischitz von Heves na mpwa wa mwanakemia wa mionzi kutoka Hungary na mshindi wa Tuzo ya Nobel ya Kemia, George de Hevesy. Pia ni mpwa wa mbunifu Manuel Roberto Meléndez Bischitz. == Ukoo == Alichukua jina la del Valle kwa heshima ya babu yake, Fernando Meléndez del Valle, ambaye pia alikuwa mwimbaji wa tenor na mwanadiplomasia wa El Salvador katika ubalozi mdogo wa El Salvador huko New Orleans. Yeye ni kitukuu wa Andrés del Valle, Rais wa El Salvador mwaka 1876, na ni mzao wa moja kwa moja wa Kanali José María San Martín, Rais wa El Salvador kuanzia mwaka 1854 hadi 1856 na mwanzilishi wa Santa Tecla, El Salvador. Akiwa kizazi cha nne cha familia ya [[New Orleans]], yeye ni mjukuu wa Jaji Mhe. Robert J. Skinner, aliyekuwa msajili na mweka hazina wa Jiji la New Orleans, sajenti mkuu wa kikosi katika Vita vya Kwanza vya Dunia, na kitukuu wa Jaji Edward King Skinner, ambaye alihudumu katika mahakama ya jiji, mahakama ya jinai na mahakama ya wilaya ya kiraia kwa vipindi mbalimbali, kwa jumla ya miaka 52. Mwaka 1880, aliteuliwa katika mahakama ya wilaya ya kwanza baada ya Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Marekani. Mwaka mmoja baada ya kustaafu kwake, mawakili waliipa mahakama ya wilaya ya kiraia picha ya mafuta ya Jaji Skinner. Picha hiyo iliyochorwa na John Paul Parker iliwasilishwa kwa mahakama na Mwanasheria wa Marekani Rene A. Viosca, ambaye wakati huo alikuwa rais wa Chama cha [[Mwanasheria|Wanasheria]] wa New Orleans. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanamuziki-USA}} {{BD|1964|}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji wa Marekani]] g93oen6m3qfkiu0qiey0qzu04zmc2uy 0 253760 1606226 2026-10-08T12:54:53Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nancy-Lou Patterson''' D.Litt. ([[5 Septemba]], [[1929]] – [[15 Oktoba]], [[2018]]) alikuwa [[msanii]], [[mwandishi]] na msimamizi wa maonyesho wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana kwa maandishi na kazi zake za kisanaa zinazohusiana na mada mbalimbali kuanzia [[ngano]] na fantasia hadi ubunifu wa muundo wa kiliturujia na sanaa ya Wenyeji, na alikuwa mwanzilishi wa Idara ya Sanaa Nzuri katika Chuo Kikuu cha Waterloo.<ref name="FineArtsObit">{{cite web |title=Rem...' 1606226 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nancy-Lou Patterson''' D.Litt. ([[5 Septemba]], [[1929]] – [[15 Oktoba]], [[2018]]) alikuwa [[msanii]], [[mwandishi]] na msimamizi wa maonyesho wa [[Kanada]]. Anajulikana kwa maandishi na kazi zake za kisanaa zinazohusiana na mada mbalimbali kuanzia [[ngano]] na fantasia hadi ubunifu wa muundo wa kiliturujia na sanaa ya Wenyeji, na alikuwa mwanzilishi wa Idara ya Sanaa Nzuri katika Chuo Kikuu cha Waterloo.<ref name="FineArtsObit">{{cite web |title=Remembering Nancy-Lou Patterson 1929-2018 |url=https://uwaterloo.ca/fine-arts/news/remembering-nancy-lou-patterson-1929-2018 |website=Fine Arts |publisher=University of Waterloo |accessdate=24 October 2018 |language=en |date=18 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="MAOfonds">{{cite web |title=Nancy-Lou Patterson (1929-) |url=https://uwaterloo.ca/mennonite-archives-ontario/personal-collections/nancy-lou-patterson-1929 |website=Mennonite Archives of Ontario |accessdate=24 October 2018 |language=en |date=2 May 2012}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1929|2018}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] ibh1wwaldq1wr6w12pcinvtly9imqgp 0 253761 1606227 2026-10-08T12:58:23Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nancy Evelyn Paterson''' ([[1957]] – [[2018]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] na [[mwandishi]] wa [[Kanada]] anayejulikana kwa kazi zake katika vyombo vipya vya habari.<ref name="CCCA-bio">{{cite web|title=Nancy Paterson|url=http://ccca.concordia.ca/artists/artist_info.html?languagePref=en&link_id=2121|website=The Canadian Art Database|publisher=The Centre for Canadian Contemporary Art|accessdate=1 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="ADA-DOB">{{cite web|title=Nancy Pater...' 1606227 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nancy Evelyn Paterson''' ([[1957]] – [[2018]]) alikuwa [[msanii]] na [[mwandishi]] wa [[Kanada]] anayejulikana kwa kazi zake katika vyombo vipya vya habari.<ref name="CCCA-bio">{{cite web|title=Nancy Paterson|url=http://ccca.concordia.ca/artists/artist_info.html?languagePref=en&link_id=2121|website=The Canadian Art Database|publisher=The Centre for Canadian Contemporary Art|accessdate=1 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="ADA-DOB">{{cite web|title=Nancy Paterson|url=https://www.digitalartarchive.at/database/artists/general/artist/paterson.html|website=Archive of Digital Art|accessdate=1 June 2016}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1957|2018}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] i4vgpvq1togffl2vw8nmk4sxw2214yl 0 253762 1606229 2026-10-08T12:59:11Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Arthur Andrew Demarest''' ni [[mwanaanthropolojia]] na [[mwanaakiolojia]] wa [[Marekani]], anayejulikana kwa tafiti zake kuhusu ustaarabu wa Maya. == Kazi == Demarest, ambaye ni Mkaajuni wa [[Louisiana]], alisoma antropolojia na akiolojia ya Mesoamerika katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, ambako alihitimu kwa heshima ya juu zaidi na kutunukiwa Medali ya Mkuu wa Kitivo. Demarest alipata shahada ya M.A. na shahada ya udaktari katika antropolojia na akiolojia k...' 1606229 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arthur Andrew Demarest''' ni [[mwanaanthropolojia]] na [[mwanaakiolojia]] wa [[Marekani]], anayejulikana kwa tafiti zake kuhusu ustaarabu wa Maya. == Kazi == Demarest, ambaye ni Mkaajuni wa [[Louisiana]], alisoma antropolojia na akiolojia ya Mesoamerika katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, ambako alihitimu kwa heshima ya juu zaidi na kutunukiwa Medali ya Mkuu wa Kitivo. Demarest alipata shahada ya M.A. na shahada ya udaktari katika antropolojia na akiolojia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard. Alishikilia nafasi ya Danforth ya Akiolojia na alichaguliwa kuwa mwanachama wa Harvard Society of Fellows. Kuanzia mwaka 1984 hadi 1986, alihudumu kama profesa msaidizi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Vanderbilt huko [[Tennessee]], Marekani. Mwaka 1986 alipandishwa cheo kuwa profesa kamili na kuteuliwa kushika Centennial Chair. Kwa sasa anashikilia nafasi ya Ingram Professor of Anthropology na ni mkurugenzi wa akiolojia na maendeleo ya Mesoamerika. == Mchango katika utafiti == Demarest amefanya kazi katika Mesoamerika kwa zaidi ya miaka 35, akiongoza uchimbaji wa akiolojia na misafara ya utafiti kila mwaka. Anachukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa [[wataalamu]] wakuu duniani kuhusu Maya, lakini pia anavutiwa na Olmec, Inka, Waazteki na masuala mengi ya nadharia ya antropolojia, hasa kuanguka kwa ustaarabu, nafasi ya dini katika jamii za kale na maadili katika antropolojia. Kwa sasa anagawa shughuli zake kati ya uchimbaji na uchunguzi wa akiolojia, programu za maendeleo kwa jamii za Wamaya wa asili, na usimamizi wa msitu wa kitropiki na bustani ya akiolojia ya Cancuen katika eneo la Petén nchini Guatemala, ambayo inamilikiwa na Chuo Kikuu cha Vanderbilt lakini inaendeshwa na Wamaya. Kwa sasa ni mkurugenzi wa Vanderbilt Cancuen Regional Archaeological Project katika msitu wa Petén nchini [[Guatemala]], pamoja na miradi ya Vanderbilt/Universidad del Valle San Andres Semetabej ya akiolojia ya kikanda na maendeleo katika nyanda za juu zenye volkano nchini Guatemala. == Masuala ya kisheria == Demarest amehusika katika kesi kadhaa zilizofunguliwa na mwanafunzi wa uzamili Brigitte Kovacevich kuhusu matendo yake wakati wa kufanya utafiti wa kisayansi nchini Guatemala. Kesi ya kwanza ilifunguliwa mwaka 2007 na ilidai kwamba Demarest "alijihusisha mara kwa mara na tabia zisizo za kitaaluma na za kupindukia" ambazo zilijumuisha kuchoma kambi ya utafiti, kuharibu mabaki ya kale, kutengeneza eneo la uhalifu, kutumia vibaya fedha za Chuo Kikuu cha Vanderbilt na fedha za serikali, kutoa vitisho dhidi ya wanafunzi na kuwashambulia wanafunzi. Kesi hiyo ilimalizwa kwa makubaliano mwaka 2008. Mwaka uliofuata, Demarest alishtakiwa tena kwa kukiuka masharti ya makubaliano ya awali. Kovacevich alidai kwamba Demarest aliwasiliana na University Press of Colorado na kudai kwamba Kovacevich hakuwa na ruhusa kutoka kwa msanii kutumia michoro fulani katika kitabu chake. Pia alidai kwamba Demarest alijaribu kumlazimisha msanii huyo kuondoa ridhaa yake. Kesi hiyo pia ilimalizwa kwa makubaliano. == Elimu kwa umma na vyombo vya habari == Mwaka 2010, jarida ''Science'' lilichapisha wasifu kuhusu Demarest na kazi yake. Kazi ya Demarest kuhusu Wamaya katika Mesoamerika imeonyeshwa katika vipindi vingi vya televisheni vya National Geographic, History Channel, Travel Channel, NBC, CBS, pamoja na vipindi nchini Brazil na Guatemala. Akiwa mtaalamu katika uwanja huo, Demarest amefanyiwa mahojiano na NPR, CBS na vyombo vingine vya habari. Hivi karibuni pia alifanyiwa mahojiano katika kipindi cha PBS Lehrer NewsHour kuhusu utafiti na kazi yake ya maendeleo, ustaarabu wa kale wa Maya na kuanguka kwa ustaarabu. Demarest mwenyewe ni mwandishi au mhariri wa zaidi ya vitabu na monografia kumi na mbili, pamoja na zaidi ya makala na sura za vitabu mia moja. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wanaanthropolojia nchi kwa nchi]] [[Jamii:Wanaakiolojia]] oa27s31ccsdvtc50wz6pyp77mq1h08h 1606296 1606229 2026-10-08T14:46:42Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1606296 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arthur Andrew Demarest''' ni [[mwanaanthropolojia]] na [[mwanaakiolojia]] wa [[Marekani]], anayejulikana kwa tafiti zake kuhusu ustaarabu wa Maya. == Kazi == Demarest, ambaye ni Mkaajuni wa [[Louisiana]], alisoma antropolojia na akiolojia ya Mesoamerika katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, ambako alihitimu kwa heshima ya juu zaidi na kutunukiwa Medali ya Mkuu wa Kitivo. Demarest alipata shahada ya M.A. na shahada ya udaktari katika antropolojia na akiolojia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard. Alishikilia nafasi ya Danforth ya Akiolojia na alichaguliwa kuwa mwanachama wa Harvard Society of Fellows. Kuanzia mwaka 1984 hadi 1986, alihudumu kama profesa msaidizi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Vanderbilt huko [[Tennessee]], Marekani. Mwaka 1986 alipandishwa cheo kuwa profesa kamili na kuteuliwa kushika Centennial Chair. Kwa sasa anashikilia nafasi ya Ingram Professor of Anthropology na ni mkurugenzi wa akiolojia na maendeleo ya Mesoamerika. == Mchango katika utafiti == Demarest amefanya kazi katika Mesoamerika kwa zaidi ya miaka 35, akiongoza uchimbaji wa akiolojia na misafara ya utafiti kila mwaka. Anachukuliwa kuwa mmoja wa [[wataalamu]] wakuu duniani kuhusu Maya, lakini pia anavutiwa na Olmec, Inka, Waazteki na masuala mengi ya nadharia ya antropolojia, hasa kuanguka kwa ustaarabu, nafasi ya dini katika jamii za kale na maadili katika antropolojia. Kwa sasa anagawa shughuli zake kati ya uchimbaji na uchunguzi wa akiolojia, programu za maendeleo kwa jamii za Wamaya wa asili, na usimamizi wa msitu wa kitropiki na bustani ya akiolojia ya Cancuen katika eneo la Petén nchini Guatemala, ambayo inamilikiwa na Chuo Kikuu cha Vanderbilt lakini inaendeshwa na Wamaya. Kwa sasa ni mkurugenzi wa Vanderbilt Cancuen Regional Archaeological Project katika msitu wa Petén nchini [[Guatemala]], pamoja na miradi ya Vanderbilt/Universidad del Valle San Andres Semetabej ya akiolojia ya kikanda na maendeleo katika nyanda za juu zenye volkano nchini Guatemala. == Masuala ya kisheria == Demarest amehusika katika kesi kadhaa zilizofunguliwa na mwanafunzi wa uzamili Brigitte Kovacevich kuhusu matendo yake wakati wa kufanya utafiti wa kisayansi nchini Guatemala. Kesi ya kwanza ilifunguliwa mwaka 2007 na ilidai kwamba Demarest "alijihusisha mara kwa mara na tabia zisizo za kitaaluma na za kupindukia" ambazo zilijumuisha kuchoma kambi ya utafiti, kuharibu mabaki ya kale, kutengeneza eneo la uhalifu, kutumia vibaya fedha za Chuo Kikuu cha Vanderbilt na fedha za serikali, kutoa vitisho dhidi ya wanafunzi na kuwashambulia wanafunzi. Kesi hiyo ilimalizwa kwa makubaliano mwaka 2008. Mwaka uliofuata, Demarest alishtakiwa tena kwa kukiuka masharti ya makubaliano ya awali. Kovacevich alidai kwamba Demarest aliwasiliana na University Press of Colorado na kudai kwamba Kovacevich hakuwa na ruhusa kutoka kwa msanii kutumia michoro fulani katika kitabu chake. Pia alidai kwamba Demarest alijaribu kumlazimisha msanii huyo kuondoa ridhaa yake. Kesi hiyo pia ilimalizwa kwa makubaliano. == Elimu kwa umma na vyombo vya habari == Mwaka 2010, jarida ''Science'' lilichapisha wasifu kuhusu Demarest na kazi yake. Kazi ya Demarest kuhusu Wamaya katika Mesoamerika imeonyeshwa katika vipindi vingi vya televisheni vya National Geographic, History Channel, Travel Channel, NBC, CBS, pamoja na vipindi nchini Brazil na Guatemala. Akiwa mtaalamu katika uwanja huo, Demarest amefanyiwa mahojiano na NPR, CBS na vyombo vingine vya habari. Hivi karibuni pia alifanyiwa mahojiano katika kipindi cha PBS Lehrer NewsHour kuhusu utafiti na kazi yake ya maendeleo, ustaarabu wa kale wa Maya na kuanguka kwa ustaarabu. Demarest mwenyewe ni mwandishi au mhariri wa zaidi ya vitabu na monografia kumi na mbili, pamoja na zaidi ya makala na sura za vitabu mia moja. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Wanaanthropolojia nchi kwa nchi]] [[Jamii:Wanaakiolojia wa Marekani]] 88bfnklnvyiba4psv5tkicacrm2n4vp 0 253763 1606230 2026-10-08T13:01:22Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Barbara A. Paterson''' ni [[msanii]] wa [[Kanada]], anayejulikana hasa kwa [[sanamu]] zake za maumbo halisi zilizotengenezwa kwa [[shaba]], akibobea katika aina mbalimbali za [[uchongaji]] kwa kutumia nyenzo zikiwemo nta, mawe, shaba na chuma kilichounganishwa kwa kulehemu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26598877/edmonton_journal/|title=Depicting History for the Future|last=Staples|first=David|date=30 September 2015|work=Edmonton Jo...' 1606230 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barbara A. Paterson''' ni [[msanii]] wa [[Kanada]], anayejulikana hasa kwa [[sanamu]] zake za maumbo halisi zilizotengenezwa kwa [[shaba]], akibobea katika aina mbalimbali za [[uchongaji]] kwa kutumia nyenzo zikiwemo nta, mawe, shaba na chuma kilichounganishwa kwa kulehemu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26598877/edmonton_journal/|title=Depicting History for the Future|last=Staples|first=David|date=30 September 2015|work=Edmonton Journal|access-date=2018-12-28|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Mandel |first=Charles |date=29 October 1997 |title=Sculptor of Famous Five Making Her Own History |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26598344/edmonton_journal/ |access-date=2018-12-28 |work=Edmonton Journal |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1935|}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] tn6otgww12f36rn4lb8sdupjnlvznh6 0 253764 1606233 2026-10-08T13:03:42Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Les Blank''' ([[27 Novemba]] [[1935]] – [[7 Aprili]] [[2013]]) alikuwa mtengenezaji wa [[filamu]] za hali halisi kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa filamu zake zinazowahusu wanamuziki wa jadi wa Marekani. == Maisha na kazi == Leslie Harrod Blank Jr. alizaliwa tarehe 27 Novemba 1935 huko Tampa, [[Florida]]. Alisoma katika Phillips Academy na Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane huko New Orleans, ambako alipata shahada ya B.A. katika Kiingereza. Pia alisoma...' 1606233 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Les Blank''' ([[27 Novemba]] [[1935]] – [[7 Aprili]] [[2013]]) alikuwa mtengenezaji wa [[filamu]] za hali halisi kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa filamu zake zinazowahusu wanamuziki wa jadi wa Marekani. == Maisha na kazi == Leslie Harrod Blank Jr. alizaliwa tarehe 27 Novemba 1935 huko Tampa, [[Florida]]. Alisoma katika Phillips Academy na Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane huko New Orleans, ambako alipata shahada ya B.A. katika Kiingereza. Pia alisoma kwa muda mfupi katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1960, Blank alisomea utengenezaji wa filamu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Southern [[California]] na kupata shahada ya uzamili. Baada ya masomo yake ya chuo kikuu, alifanya kazi katika kampuni ya utengenezaji wa filamu iitwayo Operation Success, akitengeneza filamu ambazo baadaye alizielezea kuwa "filamu zisizo na mvuto zinazotangaza biashara na viwanda". Mwaka 1967 alianzisha kampuni yake ya utengenezaji wa filamu, Flower Films, kupitia kutolewa kwa ''God Respects Us When We Work, but Loves Us When We Dance'', filamu fupi yenye rangi iliyorekodi tukio la Love-in katika Elysian Park huko Los Angeles. Wakati wa Mardi Gras mwishoni mwa Februari 1968, Blank, Barry Feinstein na wengine walikuwa New Orleans kama sehemu ya kikundi cha awali cha "watengenezaji wa filamu wa chini kwa chini" wa ''Easy Rider'', ambacho kilitengeneza sehemu ya safari ya kutumia dawa za kulevya katika filamu hiyo, lakini baadaye nafasi yao ilichukuliwa na kikundi chenye uzoefu zaidi. Hii ilifuatiwa na ''The Blues Accordin' to Lightnin' Hopkins'' (1968) na ''The Sun's Gonna Shine'' (1968), zilizomhusu mwanamuziki wa blues kutoka Houston, Lightnin' Hopkins. Hakuwahi tena kurudi katika utengenezaji wa filamu za viwandani, na filamu zake zote zilitengenezwa kwa kujitegemea, mara nyingi kwa msaada wa ruzuku kutoka mashirika ya kitamaduni ya serikali na yasiyo ya serikali. Filamu zake nyingi zilijikita katika aina za muziki wa jadi wa Marekani, zikiwemo blues, muziki wa jadi wa Appalachia, Cajun, Creole, Tex-Mex, polka, tamburitza na muziki wa Hawaii. Nyingi kati ya filamu hizi ni kumbukumbu pekee zilizowahi kurekodiwa za wanamuziki ambao sasa wamefariki. Filamu za Blank zilizolenga masuala ya muziki mara nyingi zilitumia sehemu kubwa ya muda wake si katika kuonyesha muziki wenyewe, bali katika kuonyesha mazingira ya kitamaduni ya muziki huo na maeneo ambako muziki huo wa asili wa Marekani ulitokea. Blank huko Delacroix, Louisiana, mwaka 1981. Filamu nyingine mashuhuri zisizohusu muziki ni pamoja na filamu kuhusu vitunguu saumu na nyingine kuhusu wanawake wenye pengo kati ya meno. Pia alitengeneza filamu mbili kuhusu mtengenezaji wa filamu wa Ujerumani Werner Herzog, ''Werner Herzog Eats His Shoe'' (1980) na ''Burden of Dreams'' (1982), ambayo ilihusu utengenezaji wa filamu ya Herzog, ''Fitzcarraldo''. ''The Maestro: King of the Cowboy Artists'' (1994) na ''Sworn to the Drum: A Tribute to Francisco Aguabella'' (1995) zilikuwa filamu mbili za mwisho za Blank zilizotumia filamu ya 16mm. Baadaye alifanya kazi kwa kutumia video ya kidijitali. Moja ya filamu zake za mwisho, ''All in This Tea'', ambayo aliitengeneza pamoja na mshirika wake wa ubunifu Gina Leibrecht, ilikuwa wasifu wa David Lee Hoffman, mwagizaji wa chai na msafiri aliyekuwa akiishi Marin County upande wa magharibi. Mwaka 2014, filamu yake ya mwisho, ''How to Smell a Rose: A Visit with Ricky Leacock in Normandy'', ilikamilishwa muda mfupi baada ya kifo chake na Gina Leibrecht. Filamu hiyo ilikuwa wasifu wa Richard Leacock, mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Direct Cinema. Mwaka 2007, Blank alitunukiwa Edward MacDowell Medal in the Arts, mojawapo ya tuzo mashuhuri katika sanaa. Mwana wa Les, Harrod Blank, pia amekuwa mtengenezaji wa filamu za hali halisi. Blank aliishi Berkeley Hills na kwa zaidi ya miaka 30 alikuwa mkazi wa Berkeley, ambayo ilisherehekea Les Blank Day tarehe 22 Januari 2013. Kampuni yake, Flower Films, ilikuwa na makao yake El Cerrito, katika Kaunti ya Contra Costa, California. Blank alifariki kutokana na [[saratani]] ya [[kibofu]] katika nyumba yake huko Berkeley Hills tarehe 7 Aprili 2013. Shirika lisilo la faida la Les Blank Films linaendelea kutoa kazi za Blank. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Watengenezaji filamu wa Marekani]] net8x7wso0gk437y451r1mihb7kl47s 1606234 1606233 2026-10-08T13:06:14Z Ladygoody 92634 1606234 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Les Blank.jpg|thumb|Blank katika KVIFF ya 43 mwaka 2008]] '''Les Blank''' ([[27 Novemba]] [[1935]] – [[7 Aprili]] [[2013]]) alikuwa mtengenezaji wa [[filamu]] za hali halisi kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa filamu zake zinazowahusu wanamuziki wa jadi wa Marekani. == Maisha na kazi == Leslie Harrod Blank Jr. alizaliwa tarehe 27 Novemba 1935 huko Tampa, [[Florida]]. Alisoma katika Phillips Academy na Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane huko New Orleans, ambako alipata shahada ya B.A. katika Kiingereza. Pia alisoma kwa muda mfupi katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1960, Blank alisomea utengenezaji wa filamu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Southern [[California]] na kupata shahada ya uzamili. Baada ya masomo yake ya chuo kikuu, alifanya kazi katika kampuni ya utengenezaji wa filamu iitwayo Operation Success, akitengeneza filamu ambazo baadaye alizielezea kuwa "filamu zisizo na mvuto zinazotangaza biashara na viwanda". Mwaka 1967 alianzisha kampuni yake ya utengenezaji wa filamu, Flower Films, kupitia kutolewa kwa ''God Respects Us When We Work, but Loves Us When We Dance'', filamu fupi yenye rangi iliyorekodi tukio la Love-in katika Elysian Park huko Los Angeles. Wakati wa Mardi Gras mwishoni mwa Februari 1968, Blank, Barry Feinstein na wengine walikuwa New Orleans kama sehemu ya kikundi cha awali cha "watengenezaji wa filamu wa chini kwa chini" wa ''Easy Rider'', ambacho kilitengeneza sehemu ya safari ya kutumia dawa za kulevya katika filamu hiyo, lakini baadaye nafasi yao ilichukuliwa na kikundi chenye uzoefu zaidi. Hii ilifuatiwa na ''The Blues Accordin' to Lightnin' Hopkins'' (1968) na ''The Sun's Gonna Shine'' (1968), zilizomhusu mwanamuziki wa blues kutoka Houston, Lightnin' Hopkins. Hakuwahi tena kurudi katika utengenezaji wa filamu za viwandani, na filamu zake zote zilitengenezwa kwa kujitegemea, mara nyingi kwa msaada wa ruzuku kutoka mashirika ya kitamaduni ya serikali na yasiyo ya serikali. Filamu zake nyingi zilijikita katika aina za muziki wa jadi wa Marekani, zikiwemo blues, muziki wa jadi wa Appalachia, Cajun, Creole, Tex-Mex, polka, tamburitza na muziki wa Hawaii. Nyingi kati ya filamu hizi ni kumbukumbu pekee zilizowahi kurekodiwa za wanamuziki ambao sasa wamefariki. Filamu za Blank zilizolenga masuala ya muziki mara nyingi zilitumia sehemu kubwa ya muda wake si katika kuonyesha muziki wenyewe, bali katika kuonyesha mazingira ya kitamaduni ya muziki huo na maeneo ambako muziki huo wa asili wa Marekani ulitokea. Blank huko Delacroix, Louisiana, mwaka 1981. Filamu nyingine mashuhuri zisizohusu muziki ni pamoja na filamu kuhusu vitunguu saumu na nyingine kuhusu wanawake wenye pengo kati ya meno. Pia alitengeneza filamu mbili kuhusu mtengenezaji wa filamu wa Ujerumani Werner Herzog, ''Werner Herzog Eats His Shoe'' (1980) na ''Burden of Dreams'' (1982), ambayo ilihusu utengenezaji wa filamu ya Herzog, ''Fitzcarraldo''. ''The Maestro: King of the Cowboy Artists'' (1994) na ''Sworn to the Drum: A Tribute to Francisco Aguabella'' (1995) zilikuwa filamu mbili za mwisho za Blank zilizotumia filamu ya 16mm. Baadaye alifanya kazi kwa kutumia video ya kidijitali. Moja ya filamu zake za mwisho, ''All in This Tea'', ambayo aliitengeneza pamoja na mshirika wake wa ubunifu Gina Leibrecht, ilikuwa wasifu wa David Lee Hoffman, mwagizaji wa chai na msafiri aliyekuwa akiishi Marin County upande wa magharibi. Mwaka 2014, filamu yake ya mwisho, ''How to Smell a Rose: A Visit with Ricky Leacock in Normandy'', ilikamilishwa muda mfupi baada ya kifo chake na Gina Leibrecht. Filamu hiyo ilikuwa wasifu wa Richard Leacock, mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Direct Cinema. Mwaka 2007, Blank alitunukiwa Edward MacDowell Medal in the Arts, mojawapo ya tuzo mashuhuri katika sanaa. Mwana wa Les, Harrod Blank, pia amekuwa mtengenezaji wa filamu za hali halisi. Blank aliishi Berkeley Hills na kwa zaidi ya miaka 30 alikuwa mkazi wa Berkeley, ambayo ilisherehekea Les Blank Day tarehe 22 Januari 2013. Kampuni yake, Flower Films, ilikuwa na makao yake El Cerrito, katika Kaunti ya Contra Costa, California. Blank alifariki kutokana na [[saratani]] ya [[kibofu]] katika nyumba yake huko Berkeley Hills tarehe 7 Aprili 2013. Shirika lisilo la faida la Les Blank Films linaendelea kutoa kazi za Blank. == Urithi == Blank alikuwa mtengenezaji wa kwanza wa filamu za hali halisi kutunukiwa Medali ya Edward MacDowell mwaka 2007, heshima ya kitaifa inayotolewa kwa msanii mmoja kila mwaka. Mwaka 1990, alitunukiwa Tuzo ya Maya Deren ya Taasisi ya Filamu ya Marekani kwa mafanikio bora ya maisha yote kama mtengenezaji huru wa filamu. Mwaka 2011, International Documentary Association ilimtunuku Blank tuzo ya mafanikio ya maisha katika taaluma ya filamu. Miezi miwili kabla ya kifo cha Blank, Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival ilitangaza kwamba Blank alikuwa amechaguliwa kupokea Tuzo yake ya Mafanikio Bora ya Mwaka 2013, pamoja na kuandaliwa kwa maonyesho maalumu ya nyuma ya kazi zake katika tamasha hilo, lililofanyika kuanzia 25 Aprili hadi 5 Mei 2013. == Kumbukumbu == Mkusanyiko wa picha zinazosonga wa Les Blank unahifadhiwa katika Academy Film Archive. Academy Film Archive imehifadhi filamu nyingi za Les Blank, zikiwemo ''A Well Spent Life'', ''Always for Pleasure'', na ''Werner Herzog Eats His Shoe''. == Filamu alizotengeneza == 1960 – ''Running Around Like a Chicken With Its Head Cut Off'' 1960–1985 – ''Six Short Films of Les Blank'' 1961 – ''Strike!'' 1962 – ''And Freedom Came?!'' 1965 – ''Dizzy Gillespie'' 1967 – ''Christopher Tree'' 1967 – ''Thailand Moment'' 1968 – ''The Blues Accordin' to Lightnin' Hopkins'' 1968 – ''God Respects Us When We Work, But Loves Us When We Dance'' 1969 – ''The Arch'' 1969 – ''The Sun's Gonna Shine'' 1970 – ''Chicken Real'' 1971 – ''Spend It All'' 1971 – ''A Well Spent Life'' 1973 – ''Dry Wood'' 1973 – ''Hot Pepper'' == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Watengenezaji filamu wa Marekani]] 672kjyvye5d90ay4vi4h27zfkwxuzwr 1606297 1606234 2026-10-08T14:47:13Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 /* Marejeo */ 1606297 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Les Blank.jpg|thumb|Blank katika KVIFF ya 43 mwaka 2008]] '''Les Blank''' ([[27 Novemba]] [[1935]] – [[7 Aprili]] [[2013]]) alikuwa mtengenezaji wa [[filamu]] za hali halisi kutoka [[Marekani]], anayejulikana zaidi kwa filamu zake zinazowahusu wanamuziki wa jadi wa Marekani. == Maisha na kazi == Leslie Harrod Blank Jr. alizaliwa tarehe 27 Novemba 1935 huko Tampa, [[Florida]]. Alisoma katika Phillips Academy na Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane huko New Orleans, ambako alipata shahada ya B.A. katika Kiingereza. Pia alisoma kwa muda mfupi katika Chuo Kikuu cha California, [[Berkeley, California|Berkeley]]. Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1960, Blank alisomea utengenezaji wa filamu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Southern [[California]] na kupata shahada ya uzamili. Baada ya masomo yake ya chuo kikuu, alifanya kazi katika kampuni ya utengenezaji wa filamu iitwayo Operation Success, akitengeneza filamu ambazo baadaye alizielezea kuwa "filamu zisizo na mvuto zinazotangaza biashara na viwanda". Mwaka 1967 alianzisha kampuni yake ya utengenezaji wa filamu, Flower Films, kupitia kutolewa kwa ''God Respects Us When We Work, but Loves Us When We Dance'', filamu fupi yenye rangi iliyorekodi tukio la Love-in katika Elysian Park huko Los Angeles. Wakati wa Mardi Gras mwishoni mwa Februari 1968, Blank, Barry Feinstein na wengine walikuwa New Orleans kama sehemu ya kikundi cha awali cha "watengenezaji wa filamu wa chini kwa chini" wa ''Easy Rider'', ambacho kilitengeneza sehemu ya safari ya kutumia dawa za kulevya katika filamu hiyo, lakini baadaye nafasi yao ilichukuliwa na kikundi chenye uzoefu zaidi. Hii ilifuatiwa na ''The Blues Accordin' to Lightnin' Hopkins'' (1968) na ''The Sun's Gonna Shine'' (1968), zilizomhusu mwanamuziki wa blues kutoka Houston, Lightnin' Hopkins. Hakuwahi tena kurudi katika utengenezaji wa filamu za viwandani, na filamu zake zote zilitengenezwa kwa kujitegemea, mara nyingi kwa msaada wa ruzuku kutoka mashirika ya kitamaduni ya serikali na yasiyo ya serikali. Filamu zake nyingi zilijikita katika aina za muziki wa jadi wa Marekani, zikiwemo blues, muziki wa jadi wa Appalachia, Cajun, Creole, Tex-Mex, polka, tamburitza na muziki wa Hawaii. Nyingi kati ya filamu hizi ni kumbukumbu pekee zilizowahi kurekodiwa za wanamuziki ambao sasa wamefariki. Filamu za Blank zilizolenga masuala ya muziki mara nyingi zilitumia sehemu kubwa ya muda wake si katika kuonyesha muziki wenyewe, bali katika kuonyesha mazingira ya kitamaduni ya muziki huo na maeneo ambako muziki huo wa asili wa Marekani ulitokea. Blank huko Delacroix, Louisiana, mwaka 1981. Filamu nyingine mashuhuri zisizohusu muziki ni pamoja na filamu kuhusu vitunguu saumu na nyingine kuhusu wanawake wenye pengo kati ya meno. Pia alitengeneza filamu mbili kuhusu mtengenezaji wa filamu wa Ujerumani Werner Herzog, ''Werner Herzog Eats His Shoe'' (1980) na ''Burden of Dreams'' (1982), ambayo ilihusu utengenezaji wa filamu ya Herzog, ''Fitzcarraldo''. ''The Maestro: King of the Cowboy Artists'' (1994) na ''Sworn to the Drum: A Tribute to Francisco Aguabella'' (1995) zilikuwa filamu mbili za mwisho za Blank zilizotumia filamu ya 16mm. Baadaye alifanya kazi kwa kutumia video ya kidijitali. Moja ya filamu zake za mwisho, ''All in This Tea'', ambayo aliitengeneza pamoja na mshirika wake wa ubunifu Gina Leibrecht, ilikuwa wasifu wa David Lee Hoffman, mwagizaji wa chai na msafiri aliyekuwa akiishi Marin County upande wa magharibi. Mwaka 2014, filamu yake ya mwisho, ''How to Smell a Rose: A Visit with Ricky Leacock in Normandy'', ilikamilishwa muda mfupi baada ya kifo chake na Gina Leibrecht. Filamu hiyo ilikuwa wasifu wa Richard Leacock, mmoja wa waanzilishi wa Direct Cinema. Mwaka 2007, Blank alitunukiwa Edward MacDowell Medal in the Arts, mojawapo ya tuzo mashuhuri katika sanaa. Mwana wa Les, Harrod Blank, pia amekuwa mtengenezaji wa filamu za hali halisi. Blank aliishi Berkeley Hills na kwa zaidi ya miaka 30 alikuwa mkazi wa Berkeley, ambayo ilisherehekea Les Blank Day tarehe 22 Januari 2013. Kampuni yake, Flower Films, ilikuwa na makao yake El Cerrito, katika Kaunti ya Contra Costa, California. Blank alifariki kutokana na [[saratani]] ya [[kibofu]] katika nyumba yake huko Berkeley Hills tarehe 7 Aprili 2013. Shirika lisilo la faida la Les Blank Films linaendelea kutoa kazi za Blank. == Urithi == Blank alikuwa mtengenezaji wa kwanza wa filamu za hali halisi kutunukiwa Medali ya Edward MacDowell mwaka 2007, heshima ya kitaifa inayotolewa kwa msanii mmoja kila mwaka. Mwaka 1990, alitunukiwa Tuzo ya Maya Deren ya Taasisi ya Filamu ya Marekani kwa mafanikio bora ya maisha yote kama mtengenezaji huru wa filamu. Mwaka 2011, International Documentary Association ilimtunuku Blank tuzo ya mafanikio ya maisha katika taaluma ya filamu. Miezi miwili kabla ya kifo cha Blank, Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival ilitangaza kwamba Blank alikuwa amechaguliwa kupokea Tuzo yake ya Mafanikio Bora ya Mwaka 2013, pamoja na kuandaliwa kwa maonyesho maalumu ya nyuma ya kazi zake katika tamasha hilo, lililofanyika kuanzia 25 Aprili hadi 5 Mei 2013. == Kumbukumbu == Mkusanyiko wa picha zinazosonga wa Les Blank unahifadhiwa katika Academy Film Archive. Academy Film Archive imehifadhi filamu nyingi za Les Blank, zikiwemo ''A Well Spent Life'', ''Always for Pleasure'', na ''Werner Herzog Eats His Shoe''. == Filamu alizotengeneza == 1960 – ''Running Around Like a Chicken With Its Head Cut Off'' 1960–1985 – ''Six Short Films of Les Blank'' 1961 – ''Strike!'' 1962 – ''And Freedom Came?!'' 1965 – ''Dizzy Gillespie'' 1967 – ''Christopher Tree'' 1967 – ''Thailand Moment'' 1968 – ''The Blues Accordin' to Lightnin' Hopkins'' 1968 – ''God Respects Us When We Work, But Loves Us When We Dance'' 1969 – ''The Arch'' 1969 – ''The Sun's Gonna Shine'' 1970 – ''Chicken Real'' 1971 – ''Spend It All'' 1971 – ''A Well Spent Life'' 1973 – ''Dry Wood'' 1973 – ''Hot Pepper'' == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1935|2013}} [[Jamii:Watengenezaji filamu wa Marekani]] sws9l9hwp9t2rzrkityebt3q7nvg306 0 253765 1606235 2026-10-08T13:06:21Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Eleeshushe Parr''' ([[9 Juni]], [[1896]] – [[Februari]], [[1975]]) alikuwa Inuit|MInuk msanii wa michoro na [[mchongaji]] kutoka eneo la Kingnait, ambaye alitengeneza michoro zaidi ya 1,160.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://cwahi.concordia.ca/sources/artists/displayArtist.php?ID_artist=5485|title=Canadian Women Artists History Initiative : Artist Database : Artists : PARR, Eleeshushe|website=cwahi.concordia.ca|language=en|access-date=2018-03-10|arc...' 1606235 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eleeshushe Parr''' ([[9 Juni]], [[1896]] – [[Februari]], [[1975]]) alikuwa Inuit|MInuk msanii wa michoro na [[mchongaji]] kutoka eneo la Kingnait, ambaye alitengeneza michoro zaidi ya 1,160.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://cwahi.concordia.ca/sources/artists/displayArtist.php?ID_artist=5485|title=Canadian Women Artists History Initiative : Artist Database : Artists : PARR, Eleeshushe|website=cwahi.concordia.ca|language=en|access-date=2018-03-10|archive-date=2017-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108040928/http://cwahi.concordia.ca/sources/artists/displayArtist.php?ID_artist=5485|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Biographies of Inuit Artists|last=Quintieri|first=Marcel and Lori Cutler|publisher=Indian and Northern Affairs Canada|year=1996|location=Ottawa|pages=51}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1896|1975}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] ciytccl1zf3a5ku0lj3t59oqw27j5df 1606250 1606235 2026-10-08T13:26:59Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1606250 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eleeshushe Parr''' ([[9 Juni]], [[1896]] – [[Februari]], [[1975]]) alikuwa Inuit|MInuk msanii wa michoro na [[mchongaji]] kutoka eneo la Kingnait, ambaye alitengeneza michoro zaidi ya 1,160.<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://cwahi.concordia.ca/sources/artists/displayArtist.php?ID_artist=5485|title=Canadian Women Artists History Initiative : Artist Database : Artists : PARR, Eleeshushe|website=cwahi.concordia.ca|language=en|access-date=2018-03-10|archive-date=2017-11-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171108040928/http://cwahi.concordia.ca/sources/artists/displayArtist.php?ID_artist=5485|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea kitabu|title=Biographies of Inuit Artists|last=Quintieri|first=Marcel and Lori Cutler|publisher=Indian and Northern Affairs Canada|year=1996|location=Ottawa|pages=51}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1896|1975}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] cp0r784be09mljvgsansg6wy0fsm40m 0 253766 1606236 2026-10-08T13:10:59Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Marie Corinne Morrison Claiborne Boggs''' (13 Machi [[1916]] – 27 Julai [[2013]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] aliyewahi kuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Marekani]] na baadaye kuwa Balozi wa Marekani katika Holy See. Alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza kuchaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Congress kutoka [[Louisiana]]. Pia alikuwa mwenyekiti wa kudumu wa Mkutano wa Kitaifa wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia wa mwaka 1976, ambao ulifanyika [[New York City]] kwa ajili y...' 1606236 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marie Corinne Morrison Claiborne Boggs''' (13 Machi [[1916]] – 27 Julai [[2013]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] aliyewahi kuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Marekani]] na baadaye kuwa Balozi wa Marekani katika Holy See. Alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza kuchaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Congress kutoka [[Louisiana]]. Pia alikuwa mwenyekiti wa kudumu wa Mkutano wa Kitaifa wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia wa mwaka 1976, ambao ulifanyika [[New York City]] kwa ajili ya kuteua timu ya Jimmy Carter na Walter Mondale. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuongoza mkutano wa kitaifa wa chama kikuu cha kisiasa. Boggs alikuwa mjane wa aliyekuwa Kiongozi wa Wengi wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Marekani, Hale Boggs. Yeye ni mmoja wa wanawake watatu kutoka Louisiana waliowahi kuwa Wawakilishi wa Marekani, wengine wakiwa Catherine Small Long na Julia Letlow, ambao kila mmoja aliingia madarakani kupitia uchaguzi maalumu baada ya vifo vya waume zao. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Boggs alizaliwa kama '''Marie Corinne Morrison Claiborne''' tarehe [[13 Machi]] 1916 katika shamba la Brunswick Plantation karibu na New Roads, katika Pointe Coupee Parish, kusini mwa Louisiana. Alikuwa binti wa Corinne Morrison na Roland Philemon Claiborne, [[mwanasheria]] mashuhuri. Baba yake Claiborne alifariki alipokuwa na umri wa miaka miwili tu, lakini kufanana kwake na baba yake kulimfanya apewe jina la utani "Lindy", kifupi cha toleo la kike la jina Roland, "Rolinde". Alihitimu kutoka Newcomb College, chuo cha wanawake cha Tulane University huko New Orleans, mwaka 1935. Mwaka 1934, Lindy Claiborne alikutana na Thomas Hale Boggs katika Tulane, ambapo wote wawili walifanya kazi kama wahariri wa gazeti la chuo, ''The Hullabaloo''. Boggs alisoma katika Tulane Law School na kupata shahada ya sheria mwaka 1937, huku Claiborne akifanya kazi kama mwalimu wa shule baada ya wote kuhitimu kutoka Tulane. Claiborne na Boggs walioana tarehe 22 Januari 1938 huko New Roads, Louisiana. Walikuwa na watoto wanne: Cokie Roberts, mwandishi wa habari wa televisheni; Thomas Hale Boggs, Jr., mshawishi; Barbara Boggs Sigmund, aliyekuwa meya wa Princeton, New Jersey, na mgombea ambaye hakufanikiwa katika uchaguzi wa mchujo wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia wa Seneti ya New Jersey mwaka 1982, ulioshindwa na Frank Lautenberg; na William Robertson Boggs, ambaye alifariki akiwa mchanga tarehe 28 Desemba 1946. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] gh3lqd2grcd1b2fhxvybr62djivg71x 1606238 1606236 2026-10-08T13:11:56Z Ladygoody 92634 1606238 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Ambassador Boggs.jpg|thumb|Portrait, 1997]] '''Marie Corinne Morrison Claiborne Boggs''' (13 Machi [[1916]] – 27 Julai [[2013]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] aliyewahi kuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Marekani]] na baadaye kuwa Balozi wa Marekani katika Holy See. Alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza kuchaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Congress kutoka [[Louisiana]]. Pia alikuwa mwenyekiti wa kudumu wa Mkutano wa Kitaifa wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia wa mwaka 1976, ambao ulifanyika [[New York City]] kwa ajili ya kuteua timu ya Jimmy Carter na Walter Mondale. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuongoza mkutano wa kitaifa wa chama kikuu cha kisiasa. Boggs alikuwa mjane wa aliyekuwa Kiongozi wa Wengi wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Marekani, Hale Boggs. Yeye ni mmoja wa wanawake watatu kutoka Louisiana waliowahi kuwa Wawakilishi wa Marekani, wengine wakiwa Catherine Small Long na Julia Letlow, ambao kila mmoja aliingia madarakani kupitia uchaguzi maalumu baada ya vifo vya waume zao. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Boggs alizaliwa kama '''Marie Corinne Morrison Claiborne''' tarehe [[13 Machi]] 1916 katika shamba la Brunswick Plantation karibu na New Roads, katika Pointe Coupee Parish, kusini mwa Louisiana. Alikuwa binti wa Corinne Morrison na Roland Philemon Claiborne, [[mwanasheria]] mashuhuri. Baba yake Claiborne alifariki alipokuwa na umri wa miaka miwili tu, lakini kufanana kwake na baba yake kulimfanya apewe jina la utani "Lindy", kifupi cha toleo la kike la jina Roland, "Rolinde". Alihitimu kutoka Newcomb College, chuo cha wanawake cha Tulane University huko New Orleans, mwaka 1935. Mwaka 1934, Lindy Claiborne alikutana na Thomas Hale Boggs katika Tulane, ambapo wote wawili walifanya kazi kama wahariri wa gazeti la chuo, ''The Hullabaloo''. Boggs alisoma katika Tulane Law School na kupata shahada ya sheria mwaka 1937, huku Claiborne akifanya kazi kama mwalimu wa shule baada ya wote kuhitimu kutoka Tulane. Claiborne na Boggs walioana tarehe 22 Januari 1938 huko New Roads, Louisiana. Walikuwa na watoto wanne: Cokie Roberts, mwandishi wa habari wa televisheni; Thomas Hale Boggs, Jr., mshawishi; Barbara Boggs Sigmund, aliyekuwa meya wa Princeton, New Jersey, na mgombea ambaye hakufanikiwa katika uchaguzi wa mchujo wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia wa Seneti ya New Jersey mwaka 1982, ulioshindwa na Frank Lautenberg; na William Robertson Boggs, ambaye alifariki akiwa mchanga tarehe 28 Desemba 1946. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] mqxm31ua12agsuiih951ns3h59omno4 1606298 1606238 2026-10-08T14:48:36Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 1606298 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Ambassador Boggs.jpg|thumb|Portrait, 1997]] '''Marie Corinne Morrison Claiborne Boggs''' (13 Machi [[1916]] – 27 Julai [[2013]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] aliyewahi kuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Marekani]] na baadaye kuwa [[Balozi]] wa Marekani kwa [[Ukulu mtakatifu]]. Alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza kuchaguliwa kuwa mbunge wa Congress kutoka [[Louisiana]]. Pia alikuwa mwenyekiti wa kudumu wa Mkutano wa Kitaifa wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia wa mwaka 1976, ambao ulifanyika [[New York City]] kwa ajili ya kuteua timu ya Jimmy Carter na Walter Mondale. Alikuwa mwanamke wa kwanza kuongoza mkutano wa kitaifa wa chama kikuu cha kisiasa. Boggs alikuwa mjane wa aliyekuwa Kiongozi wa Wengi wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la Marekani, Hale Boggs. Yeye ni mmoja wa wanawake watatu kutoka Louisiana waliowahi kuwa Wawakilishi wa Marekani, wengine wakiwa Catherine Small Long na Julia Letlow, ambao kila mmoja aliingia madarakani kupitia uchaguzi maalumu baada ya vifo vya waume zao. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Boggs alizaliwa kama '''Marie Corinne Morrison Claiborne''' tarehe [[13 Machi]] 1916 katika shamba la Brunswick Plantation karibu na New Roads, katika Pointe Coupee Parish, kusini mwa Louisiana. Alikuwa binti wa Corinne Morrison na Roland Philemon Claiborne, [[mwanasheria]] mashuhuri. Baba yake Claiborne alifariki alipokuwa na umri wa miaka miwili tu, lakini kufanana kwake na baba yake kulimfanya apewe jina la utani "Lindy", kifupi cha toleo la kike la jina Roland, "Rolinde". Alihitimu kutoka Newcomb College, chuo cha wanawake cha Tulane University huko New Orleans, mwaka 1935. Mwaka 1934, Lindy Claiborne alikutana na Thomas Hale Boggs katika Tulane, ambapo wote wawili walifanya kazi kama wahariri wa gazeti la chuo, ''The Hullabaloo''. Boggs alisoma katika Tulane Law School na kupata shahada ya sheria mwaka 1937, huku Claiborne akifanya kazi kama mwalimu wa shule baada ya wote kuhitimu kutoka Tulane. Claiborne na Boggs walioana tarehe 22 Januari 1938 huko New Roads, Louisiana. Walikuwa na watoto wanne: Cokie Roberts, mwandishi wa habari wa televisheni; Thomas Hale Boggs, Jr., mshawishi; Barbara Boggs Sigmund, aliyekuwa meya wa Princeton, New Jersey, na mgombea ambaye hakufanikiwa katika uchaguzi wa mchujo wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia wa Seneti ya New Jersey mwaka 1982, ulioshindwa na Frank Lautenberg; na William Robertson Boggs, ambaye alifariki akiwa mchanga tarehe 28 Desemba 1946. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mwanasiasa}} {BD|1916|2013}} [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Marekani]] l2thgx1etaooaday2b0sftg226a1yq2 0 253767 1606240 2026-10-08T13:14:50Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Patricia Olynyk''' ni [[msanii]] wa vyombo mbalimbali wa [[Marekani]] aliyezaliwa [[Kanada]], msomi na mwelimishaji ambaye kazi zake zinachunguza mada zinazohusiana na [[sanaa]], [[sayansi]] na [[teknolojia]]. Anajulikana kwa kushirikiana katika taaluma mbalimbali na miradi inayochunguza uhusiano kati ya akili na ubongo, mawasiliano kati ya spishi mbalimbali na fenomenolojia ya utambuzi, na kazi zake huchunguza "jinsi uzoefu na mitazamo yenye upendeleo...' 1606240 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patricia Olynyk''' ni [[msanii]] wa vyombo mbalimbali wa [[Marekani]] aliyezaliwa [[Kanada]], msomi na mwelimishaji ambaye kazi zake zinachunguza mada zinazohusiana na [[sanaa]], [[sayansi]] na [[teknolojia]]. Anajulikana kwa kushirikiana katika taaluma mbalimbali na miradi inayochunguza uhusiano kati ya akili na ubongo, mawasiliano kati ya spishi mbalimbali na fenomenolojia ya utambuzi, na kazi zake huchunguza "jinsi uzoefu na mitazamo yenye upendeleo kuhusu masuala ya kisayansi unavyoathiri tafsiri katika miktadha mahususi."<ref name="StarRogers">{{cite web |last1=Star Rogers |first1=Hannah |title=The Umwelts of Art and Science |url=https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5d0216e42a8b820001e09122/t/5dba073407bf9b22d1c535d7/1572472652219/UMWELT_Hannah+Star+Rogers+Essay.pdf |website=biobatartspace.com |publisher=BioBAT Art Space |access-date=June 19, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Beete |first1=Paulette |title=Science As Art: Soundscapes, Light Boxes and Microscopes |url=https://www.livescience.com/46555-science-inspired-art-of-patricia-olynyk.html |access-date=May 29, 2019 |publisher=Live Science, National Endowment for the Arts |date=June 26, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Aubry |first1=Lisa |title=Art to Heart: Digital media artists' synesthetic storytelling enlivens and humanizes history |url=https://dailybruin.com/2019/05/23/art-to-heart-digital-media-artists-synesthetic-storytelling-enlivens-and-humanizes-history/ |access-date=July 22, 2019 |publisher=Daily Bruin, UCLA |date=May 23, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Cooperman |first1=Jeannette |title=The Contagion of Everyday Life |url=https://commonreader.wustl.edu/c/the-contagion-of-everyday-life/ |access-date=June 22, 2020 |publisher=The Common Reader |date=April 21, 2020}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] cpebjmxd2nj46lvcde2w28mx8lrrrvc 0 253768 1606242 2026-10-08T13:15:07Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Agustín Díaz''' (aliyezaliwa [[6 Juni]] [[1954]]), anayejulikana kama '''Augie Diaz''', ni [[mwanamichezo]] wa [[Marekani]] katika mchezo wa usafiri wa mashua na mshindani wa kiwango cha [[dunia]] katika madaraja ya Snipe, Star na Laser. Ni mtoto wa Gonzalo Diaz, ambaye alishiriki kuiwakilisha Cuba katika Michezo ya Pan American ya mwaka 1959. Alianza kutumia mashua za Optimist akiwa na umri wa miaka minane huko [[Clearwater, Florida|Clearwater]], ...' 1606242 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Agustín Díaz''' (aliyezaliwa [[6 Juni]] [[1954]]), anayejulikana kama '''Augie Diaz''', ni [[mwanamichezo]] wa [[Marekani]] katika mchezo wa usafiri wa mashua na mshindani wa kiwango cha [[dunia]] katika madaraja ya Snipe, Star na Laser. Ni mtoto wa Gonzalo Diaz, ambaye alishiriki kuiwakilisha Cuba katika Michezo ya Pan American ya mwaka 1959. Alianza kutumia mashua za Optimist akiwa na umri wa miaka minane huko [[Clearwater, Florida|Clearwater]], [[Florida]]. Mwaka 1973, alishinda ubingwa wa dunia wa vijana wa IYRU wa mashua za mtu mmoja katika daraja la Laser. Baada ya kuhitimu kutoka Christopher Columbus High School huko Miami mwaka 1972, Diaz alishiriki katika mashindano ya mashua kwa niaba ya Tulane University, ambako alisomea uhandisi wa mitambo. Alikuwa mchezaji wa kiwango cha All-American katika timu ya mashua ya Tulane Green Wave mwaka 1973, 1974 na 1975. Mwaka 1973 alishinda ICSA Coed Dinghy National Championship na mwaka 1974 alishinda ICSA Men's Singlehanded National Championship, huku akiiongoza timu kushinda Leonard M. Fowle Trophy mwaka huo huo. Pia mwaka 1974 alichaguliwa kuwa Mwanamichezo wa Mashua wa Chuo wa Mwaka wa ICSA. Alipokea [[Tuzo]] ya Mwanamichezo wa Mashua wa Marekani wa Mwaka mwaka 2003, na aliingizwa katika National Sailing Hall of Fame mwaka 2021. Amekuwa bingwa wa dunia wa Snipe mwaka 2003 na 2005, na bingwa wa dunia wa Star mwaka 2016. Katika daraja la Snipe, pia alikuwa bingwa wa dunia wa masters mwaka 2002, 2004, 2006 na 2012. Alikuwa bingwa wa Western Hemisphere & Orient mwaka 1972, 2002 na 2021. Alikuwa bingwa wa Amerika Kaskazini mwaka 1974, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008 na 2013. Pia alikuwa bingwa wa kitaifa wa Marekani mwaka 1974, 1980, 2001, 2002, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2018 na 2025. Ameshinda [[medali]] ya fedha katika mashindano ya Snipe kwenye Michezo ya Pan American ya mwaka 1971, medali ya fedha katika Snipe kwenye Michezo ya Pan American ya mwaka 2011, na medali ya shaba kwenye Michezo ya Pan American ya mwaka 2015. == Michezo ya Pan American == * Medali ya fedha katika Snipe kwenye Michezo ya Pan American ya Colombia 1971. * Medali ya fedha katika Snipe kwenye Michezo ya Pan American ya Guadalajara 2011. * Medali ya shaba katika Snipe kwenye Michezo ya Pan American ya Toronto 2015. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo wa Marekani]] ns5btipkapukyxmmrulsurf66ky8ya6 0 253769 1606243 2026-10-08T13:18:40Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Claiborne P. Deming''' ni [[mwanasheria]], mtendaji wa [[biashara]] na mfadhili wa [[Marekani]]. Alihudumu kama [[rais]] na mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Murphy Oil kuanzia mwaka 1994 hadi 2008. Tangu mwaka 2008, amekuwa mwenyekiti wa kampuni hiyo. Pia ni mshauri mwandamizi wa TPH Partners, kampuni ya uwekezaji binafsi inayojikita katika sekta ya nishati. Kama mfadhili, ameunga mkono shule za umma huko [[Arkansas]] na vyuo vikuu binafsi katika kusini mwa Marek...' 1606243 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Claiborne P. Deming''' ni [[mwanasheria]], mtendaji wa [[biashara]] na mfadhili wa [[Marekani]]. Alihudumu kama [[rais]] na mkurugenzi mtendaji wa Murphy Oil kuanzia mwaka 1994 hadi 2008. Tangu mwaka 2008, amekuwa mwenyekiti wa kampuni hiyo. Pia ni mshauri mwandamizi wa TPH Partners, kampuni ya uwekezaji binafsi inayojikita katika sekta ya nishati. Kama mfadhili, ameunga mkono shule za umma huko [[Arkansas]] na vyuo vikuu binafsi katika kusini mwa Marekani. == Maisha ya awali == Claiborne P. Deming alihitimu kutoka Tulane University, ambako alipata shahada ya Bachelor of Arts mwaka 1976. Alipata [[Shahada ya Awali|shahada]] ya Juris Doctor kutoka Tulane University Law School mwaka 1979. == Kazi == Deming alianza kufanya kazi kama mwanasheria katika Murphy Oil mwaka 1979. Miaka kumi baadaye, mwaka 1989, alipandishwa cheo na kuwa rais wa Murphy Oil USA, kampuni tanzu ya Murphy Oil nchini Marekani. Baadaye alihudumu kama rais wa Murphy Oil USA na makamu wa rais mtendaji pamoja na mkurugenzi mkuu wa uendeshaji wa Murphy Oil USA. Alihudumu kama mkurugenzi mtendaji na rais wa Murphy Oil kuanzia Oktoba 1994 hadi 31 Desemba 2008. Mwaka 2008, alipokea malipo ya jumla ya dola za Marekani 8,383,411, ambayo yalijumuisha mshahara wa msingi wa dola 1,241,667, bonasi ya fedha ya dola 2,000,000, hisa alizopewa zenye thamani ya dola 2,675,025 na chaguo za hisa zenye thamani ya dola 2,211,250. Amekuwa mwanachama wa bodi ya wakurugenzi ya kampuni hiyo tangu mwaka 1993. Deming ni mwenyekiti wa Murphy Oil. Pia ni mshauri mwandamizi wa TPH Partners, kampuni ya uwekezaji binafsi inayojikita katika sekta ya nishati. Deming alikuwa mwanachama wa bodi ya wakurugenzi ya Entergy kuanzia mwaka 2002 hadi 2006. Alihudumu kama rais wa 25-Year Club of the Petroleum Industry. Pia ni mwenyekiti wa National Petroleum Council. == Uhisani == Deming aliwahi kuwa rais wa El Dorado Education Foundation. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Arkansas State Board of Education kuanzia Septemba 1999 hadi Juni 2002. Deming ni mwanachama wa Tulane Law School Dean's Advisory Board na mwanachama wa Business School Council ya A. B. Freeman School of Business katika Tulane University. Pia ni mwanachama wa bodi ya wakurugenzi ya Jefferson Scholarship katika University of Virginia. Aidha, ni mwanachama wa Board of Trust ya Vanderbilt University. Kufikia mwaka 2015, alikuwa miongoni mwa wafadhili wakubwa wa chuo hicho, akiwa ametoa dola za Marekani 25,000 au zaidi. Deming na mke wake wametoa dola za Marekani 10,000 kwa Aspen Institute. == Maisha binafsi == Akiwa pamoja na mke wake Elaine, anaishi [[Eldorado, Zimbabwe|El Dorado]], [[Arkansas]]. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara]] 0jaynbxbor3lwipo64fl9kphalhz7cf 0 253770 1606244 2026-10-08T13:18:49Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika 'File:Contemporary Art Gallery Shannon Oksanen Summerland Exhibition 2008.jpg|alt=Maonyesho ya ''Summerland'' ya Shannon Oksanen ya mwaka 2008 katika Contemporary Art Gallery (Vancouver), yakionyesha uigaji upya wa tukio la kuteleza kwenye maji katika filamu ya mwaka 1965 ''Viva Las Vegas'', iliyowashirikisha Elvis Presley na Ann-Margret.|thumb|339x339px|Maonyesho ya ''Summerland'' ya Shannon Oksanen ya mwaka 2008 katika Contemporary Art Gallery (Vancouve...' 1606244 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Contemporary Art Gallery Shannon Oksanen Summerland Exhibition 2008.jpg|alt=Maonyesho ya ''Summerland'' ya Shannon Oksanen ya mwaka 2008 katika Contemporary Art Gallery (Vancouver), yakionyesha uigaji upya wa tukio la kuteleza kwenye maji katika filamu ya mwaka 1965 ''Viva Las Vegas'', iliyowashirikisha Elvis Presley na Ann-Margret.|thumb|339x339px|Maonyesho ya ''Summerland'' ya Shannon Oksanen ya mwaka 2008 katika Contemporary Art Gallery (Vancouver), yakionyesha uigaji upya wa tukio la kuteleza kwenye maji katika filamu ya mwaka 1965 ''Viva Las Vegas'', iliyowashirikisha Elvis Presley na Ann-Margret.]] '''Shannon Oksanen''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1967]]) ni [[mchoraji]] wa kisasa, msanii wa video, mchongaji na [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Kanada]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Schwabsky |first=Barry |date=January 1, 2005 |title=Shannon Oksanen |url=https://www.artforum.com/events/shannon-oksanen-2-204109/ |access-date=2026-02-06 |website=[[Artforum]], Vol. 43, No. 5 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Griffin |first=Kevin |date=December 18, 2008 |title=Elvis Presley lives again in an artistic rethinking of a scene from Viva Las Vegas |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun-elvis-presley-lives-ag/190687028/ |access-date=2026-02-06 |work=[[Vancouver Sun]] |pages=11 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1967|}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] t2ygeh68lpd9f8asw0s9pxjqcvurv82 1606324 1606244 2026-10-08T16:43:07Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1606324 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Contemporary Art Gallery Shannon Oksanen Summerland Exhibition 2008.jpg|alt=Maonyesho ya ''Summerland'' ya Shannon Oksanen ya mwaka 2008 katika Contemporary Art Gallery (Vancouver), yakionyesha uigaji upya wa tukio la kuteleza kwenye maji katika filamu ya mwaka 1965 ''Viva Las Vegas'', iliyowashirikisha Elvis Presley na Ann-Margret.|thumb|339x339px|Maonyesho ya ''Summerland'' ya Shannon Oksanen ya mwaka 2008 katika Contemporary Art Gallery (Vancouver), yakionyesha uigaji upya wa tukio la kuteleza kwenye maji katika filamu ya mwaka 1965 ''Viva Las Vegas'', iliyowashirikisha Elvis Presley na Ann-Margret.]] '''Shannon Oksanen''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1967]]) ni [[mchoraji]] wa kisasa, msanii wa video, mchongaji na [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Kanada]].<ref name=":0">{{Rejea tovuti |last=Schwabsky |first=Barry |date=January 1, 2005 |title=Shannon Oksanen |url=https://www.artforum.com/events/shannon-oksanen-2-204109/ |access-date=2026-02-06 |website=[[Artforum]], Vol. 43, No. 5 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Griffin |first=Kevin |date=December 18, 2008 |title=Elvis Presley lives again in an artistic rethinking of a scene from Viva Las Vegas |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-vancouver-sun-elvis-presley-lives-ag/190687028/ |access-date=2026-02-06 |work=[[Vancouver Sun]] |pages=11 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1967|}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] bavp0ud3mz1b0xtpvwgparf1dtbo984 0 253771 1606246 2026-10-08T13:20:56Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Hilton A. Dickson Jr.''' (20 Februari [[1924]] – 20 Juni [[1985]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]]. Alihudumu kama [[Mwanasheria]] Mkuu wa [[New Mexico|New Mexic]]<nowiki/>o kuanzia mwaka 1959 hadi 1960. == Maisha na kazi == Dickson alisoma katika Tulane University. Dickson alihudumu kama Mwanasheria Mkuu wa New Mexico kuanzia mwaka 1959 hadi 1960. Dickson alifariki tarehe 20 Juni 1985 akiwa na umri wa miaka 61. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-histor...' 1606246 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hilton A. Dickson Jr.''' (20 Februari [[1924]] – 20 Juni [[1985]]) alikuwa [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]]. Alihudumu kama [[Mwanasheria]] Mkuu wa [[New Mexico|New Mexic]]<nowiki/>o kuanzia mwaka 1959 hadi 1960. == Maisha na kazi == Dickson alisoma katika Tulane University. Dickson alihudumu kama Mwanasheria Mkuu wa New Mexico kuanzia mwaka 1959 hadi 1960. Dickson alifariki tarehe 20 Juni 1985 akiwa na umri wa miaka 61. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] lnzplhb3gw03mk2he6ov4t85mtdm6rk 0 253772 1606247 2026-10-08T13:23:36Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jimmy N. Dimos''' (18 Oktoba [[1938]] – 18 Mei [[2023]]) alikuwa [[jaji]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani aliyezaliwa [[Yugoslavia]] na kufanya shughuli zake za kisiasa huko [[Louisiana]]. Alihamia kutoka Jamhuri ya Kisoshalisti ya [[Masedonia Kaskazini|Macedonia]], iliyokuwa sehemu ya Jamhuri ya Shirikisho la Kisoshalisti la Yugoslavia, ambayo leo ni Macedonia Kaskazini, akiwa mtoto mwaka 1951 na kuungana na baba yake nchini Marekani. Alilelewa akiwa m...' 1606247 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jimmy N. Dimos''' (18 Oktoba [[1938]] – 18 Mei [[2023]]) alikuwa [[jaji]] na [[mwanasiasa]] wa Marekani aliyezaliwa [[Yugoslavia]] na kufanya shughuli zake za kisiasa huko [[Louisiana]]. Alihamia kutoka Jamhuri ya Kisoshalisti ya [[Masedonia Kaskazini|Macedonia]], iliyokuwa sehemu ya Jamhuri ya Shirikisho la Kisoshalisti la Yugoslavia, ambayo leo ni Macedonia Kaskazini, akiwa mtoto mwaka 1951 na kuungana na baba yake nchini Marekani. Alilelewa akiwa mwanachama wa Kanisa la Orthodox la Mashariki. Alihitimu kutoka Neville High School huko [[Monroe, Louisiana|Monroe]], Louisiana. Alisoma katika University of Louisiana at Monroe na Tulane University. Dimos alihudumu katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Louisiana kuanzia mwaka 1976 hadi 1999. Aliwakilisha Ouachita Parish. Wakati wa utawala wa gavana Buddy Roemer, Dimos alikuwa spika wa baraza hilo. Alihudumu kama jaji wa Mahakama ya Wilaya ya Nne ya Kijaji ya Louisiana kuanzia mwaka 1999 hadi 2007. Mwaka 2017, Dimos aliingizwa katika Louisiana Political Museum and Hall of Fame na Louisiana Justice Hall of Fame. Dimos alifariki tarehe 18 Mei 2023 akiwa na umri wa miaka 84. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Majaji]] 4szb9zyb5oncq3b20llv9b175uup01g 0 253773 1606248 2026-10-08T13:23:49Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alexis O'Hara''' ni [[msanii]] wa maonyesho]] wa [[Kanada]] anayefanya kazi katika taaluma mbalimbali.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Stamos |first=George |date=January–February 2013 |title=Alexis O’Hara: In Conversation with George Stamos |url=https://www.yorku.ca/cauthery/course_readings_&_lecture_notes/pdfs_and_powerpoint/DanceExperienceQuiz4articles.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260311004150/https://www.yorku.c...' 1606248 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexis O'Hara''' ni [[msanii]] wa maonyesho]] wa [[Kanada]] anayefanya kazi katika taaluma mbalimbali.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Stamos |first=George |date=January–February 2013 |title=Alexis O’Hara: In Conversation with George Stamos |url=https://www.yorku.ca/cauthery/course_readings_&_lecture_notes/pdfs_and_powerpoint/DanceExperienceQuiz4articles.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260311004150/https://www.yorku.ca/cauthery/course_readings_&_lecture_notes/pdfs_and_powerpoint/DanceExperienceQuiz4articles.pdf |archive-date=11 March 2026 |access-date=10 March 2026 |work=The Dance Current |pages=50–55 |via=[[York University]] |issn=1496-1415}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Tyburczy |first=Jennifer |url=https://www.jstor.org/content/oa_book_monograph/jj.35877688 |title=Queer Traffic: Sex, Panic, Free Trade |publisher=[[Duke University Press]] |year=2025 |isbn=9781478061182 |pages=199–207 |language=en |chapter=NAFTA’s Funeral |doi=10.2307/jj.35877688.14 |jstor=jj.35877688.14 |oclc=1497729384 |chapter-url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/jj.35877688.14 |doi-access=free |jstor-access=free}}</ref>aliyezaliwa huko [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], na kwa sasa anaishi na kufanya kazi huko [[Montreal]], [[Quebec]]. ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] n8qvv553vd3s6q30i7rh9ysmht2bz7c 0 253774 1606251 2026-10-08T13:27:17Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Robert Michael Devlin''' (aliyezaliwa [[28 Februari]] [[1941]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]], mwekezaji na mfadhili wa [[Marekani]] ambaye alikuwa mwenyekiti, [[rais]] na mkurugenzi mtendaji wa American General Corporation kuanzia mwaka 1996 hadi 2001. Wakati wa uongozi wake, kampuni hiyo ilikua na kuwa mojawapo ya kampuni kubwa zaidi za [[bima]] ya [[maisha]] na huduma za kifedha nchini Marekani kabla ya kununuliwa na AIG mwaka 2001. Kwa sasa Devlin ni mwanac...' 1606251 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Robert Michael Devlin''' (aliyezaliwa [[28 Februari]] [[1941]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]], mwekezaji na mfadhili wa [[Marekani]] ambaye alikuwa mwenyekiti, [[rais]] na mkurugenzi mtendaji wa American General Corporation kuanzia mwaka 1996 hadi 2001. Wakati wa uongozi wake, kampuni hiyo ilikua na kuwa mojawapo ya kampuni kubwa zaidi za [[bima]] ya [[maisha]] na huduma za kifedha nchini Marekani kabla ya kununuliwa na AIG mwaka 2001. Kwa sasa Devlin ni mwanachama wa bodi za wakurugenzi za kampuni kadhaa kubwa, zikiwemo Cooper Industries, LKQ Corporation, Discover Financial na ConocoPhillips. Akiwa ameteuliwa na Jenerali Colin Powell mwaka 1998, Devlin alihudumu kama mwanachama wa bodi ya wakurugenzi ya America's Promise kwa zaidi ya miaka kumi. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Devlin alizaliwa tarehe 28 Februari 1941 huko [[Brooklyn, New York]], akiwa [[mtoto]] wa Norma Hall Devlin na John M. Devlin. Alikulia [[Schenectady, New York|Schenectady]], New York, pamoja na [[kaka]] watatu na [[dada]] mmoja. Devlin alisoma katika Tulane University huko New Orleans, Louisiana, na kuhitimu mwaka 1964 akiwa na shahada ya Bachelor of Arts katika uchumi. == Kazi == Devlin alianza kazi yake katika sekta ya bima ya maisha baada ya kuhitimu chuo mwaka 1964. Alifanya kazi katika Mutual of New York na mwaka 1977 alijiunga na American General Insurance Company, akifanya kazi huko Nashville, Tennessee. Mwaka 1986, Devlin alihamia Houston, Texas, na kuwa rais na mkurugenzi mtendaji wa American General Life, nafasi aliyoshikilia hadi mwaka 1993. Kuanzia mwaka 1993 hadi 1995, alikuwa makamu wa mwenyekiti na mkurugenzi wa kampuni mama, American General Corporation, huku akisimamia ununuzi wa Franklin Life Insurance. Kufikia mwaka 1995, aliteuliwa kuwa rais na mkurugenzi mtendaji wa kampuni hiyo, na mwaka 1996 akawa mwenyekiti wa bodi, akimrithi Harold S. Hook. Mwaka ambao Devlin alikua mkurugenzi mtendaji, American General ilinunua Home Beneficial. Mwaka uliofuata, American General ilinunua USLife Corp, na hivyo kuwa kampuni ya tatu kwa ukubwa ya bima nchini Marekani. Wakati wa uongozi wake, American General ilikua kutoka kuwa na mali zenye thamani ya dola bilioni 43 na thamani ya soko ya dola bilioni 7 hadi kuwa na mali zenye thamani ya dola bilioni 123 na thamani ya soko ya dola bilioni 24. Mwaka 1999, Devlin alipokea mshahara wa dola milioni 38. Mnamo Agosti 2001, American General Corporation ilinunuliwa na American International Group (AIG) kwa takribani dola bilioni 23. Devlin aliendelea kwa muda mfupi kusimamia mpito huo akiwa mkurugenzi mtendaji wa American General chini ya AIG kabla ya kujiuzulu. Alipata zaidi ya dola milioni 267 kutokana na mauzo hayo. Aliendelea pia kuhudumu kama naibu mwenyekiti wa Prudential plc. Baada ya kuondoka American General, Devlin alianzisha pamoja Curragh Capital Partners mnamo Oktoba 2001, kampuni ya uwekezaji iliyoko New York City. Pia alijiunga na kampuni ya ushauri wa kifedha na usimamizi wa mali ya Lazard kama mshauri mwandamizi. Mnamo Februari 2004, Devlin aliongoza Devlin Group, kampuni ya uwekezaji iliyoanzishwa pamoja na W. R. Berkley na Rodney A. Hawes Jr., katika makubaliano ya kununua Forethought Financial Services kutoka Hillenbrand Industries kwa takribani dola milioni 280. Wakati wa ununuzi huo, Forethought ilikuwa kampuni inayoongoza nchini Marekani katika kutoa bima na huduma za amana zinazohusiana na mipango ya kabla ya kifo, ikiwa inasimamia mali zenye thamani ya zaidi ya dola bilioni 3. Baada ya muamala huo, Devlin alihudumu kama mmiliki mkuu na mkurugenzi wa Forethought Financial Group. Katika kipindi chote cha kazi yake, Devlin amehudumu katika bodi za wakurugenzi za kampuni kadhaa kubwa, zikiwemo Cooper Industries tangu mwaka 1997, LKQ Corporation tangu mwaka 2003, Discover Financial tangu mwaka 2007, na ConocoPhillips tangu mwaka 2000. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} 4u8avx1azxxak9chz7vvx2ntgy94rsy 1606255 1606251 2026-10-08T13:29:43Z Ladygoody 92634 1606255 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Robert Devlin.jpg|thumb|Devlin in 2013]] '''Robert Michael Devlin''' (aliyezaliwa [[28 Februari]] [[1941]]) ni [[mfanyabiashara]], mwekezaji na mfadhili wa [[Marekani]] ambaye alikuwa mwenyekiti, [[rais]] na mkurugenzi mtendaji wa American General Corporation kuanzia mwaka 1996 hadi 2001. Wakati wa uongozi wake, kampuni hiyo ilikua na kuwa mojawapo ya kampuni kubwa zaidi za [[bima]] ya [[maisha]] na huduma za kifedha nchini Marekani kabla ya kununuliwa na AIG mwaka 2001. Kwa sasa Devlin ni mwanachama wa bodi za wakurugenzi za kampuni kadhaa kubwa, zikiwemo Cooper Industries, LKQ Corporation, Discover Financial na ConocoPhillips. Akiwa ameteuliwa na Jenerali Colin Powell mwaka 1998, Devlin alihudumu kama mwanachama wa bodi ya wakurugenzi ya America's Promise kwa zaidi ya miaka kumi. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Devlin alizaliwa tarehe 28 Februari 1941 huko [[Brooklyn, New York]], akiwa [[mtoto]] wa Norma Hall Devlin na John M. Devlin. Alikulia [[Schenectady, New York|Schenectady]], New York, pamoja na [[kaka]] watatu na [[dada]] mmoja. Devlin alisoma katika Tulane University huko New Orleans, Louisiana, na kuhitimu mwaka 1964 akiwa na shahada ya Bachelor of Arts katika uchumi. == Kazi == Devlin alianza kazi yake katika sekta ya bima ya maisha baada ya kuhitimu chuo mwaka 1964. Alifanya kazi katika Mutual of New York na mwaka 1977 alijiunga na American General Insurance Company, akifanya kazi huko Nashville, Tennessee. Mwaka 1986, Devlin alihamia Houston, Texas, na kuwa rais na mkurugenzi mtendaji wa American General Life, nafasi aliyoshikilia hadi mwaka 1993. Kuanzia mwaka 1993 hadi 1995, alikuwa makamu wa mwenyekiti na mkurugenzi wa kampuni mama, American General Corporation, huku akisimamia ununuzi wa Franklin Life Insurance. Kufikia mwaka 1995, aliteuliwa kuwa rais na mkurugenzi mtendaji wa kampuni hiyo, na mwaka 1996 akawa mwenyekiti wa bodi, akimrithi Harold S. Hook. Mwaka ambao Devlin alikua mkurugenzi mtendaji, American General ilinunua Home Beneficial. Mwaka uliofuata, American General ilinunua USLife Corp, na hivyo kuwa kampuni ya tatu kwa ukubwa ya bima nchini Marekani. Wakati wa uongozi wake, American General ilikua kutoka kuwa na mali zenye thamani ya dola bilioni 43 na thamani ya soko ya dola bilioni 7 hadi kuwa na mali zenye thamani ya dola bilioni 123 na thamani ya soko ya dola bilioni 24. Mwaka 1999, Devlin alipokea mshahara wa dola milioni 38. Mnamo Agosti 2001, American General Corporation ilinunuliwa na American International Group (AIG) kwa takribani dola bilioni 23. Devlin aliendelea kwa muda mfupi kusimamia mpito huo akiwa mkurugenzi mtendaji wa American General chini ya AIG kabla ya kujiuzulu. Alipata zaidi ya dola milioni 267 kutokana na mauzo hayo. Aliendelea pia kuhudumu kama naibu mwenyekiti wa Prudential plc. Baada ya kuondoka American General, Devlin alianzisha pamoja Curragh Capital Partners mnamo Oktoba 2001, kampuni ya uwekezaji iliyoko New York City. Pia alijiunga na kampuni ya ushauri wa kifedha na usimamizi wa mali ya Lazard kama mshauri mwandamizi. Mnamo Februari 2004, Devlin aliongoza Devlin Group, kampuni ya uwekezaji iliyoanzishwa pamoja na W. R. Berkley na Rodney A. Hawes Jr., katika makubaliano ya kununua Forethought Financial Services kutoka Hillenbrand Industries kwa takribani dola milioni 280. Wakati wa ununuzi huo, Forethought ilikuwa kampuni inayoongoza nchini Marekani katika kutoa bima na huduma za amana zinazohusiana na mipango ya kabla ya kifo, ikiwa inasimamia mali zenye thamani ya zaidi ya dola bilioni 3. Baada ya muamala huo, Devlin alihudumu kama mmiliki mkuu na mkurugenzi wa Forethought Financial Group. Katika kipindi chote cha kazi yake, Devlin amehudumu katika bodi za wakurugenzi za kampuni kadhaa kubwa, zikiwemo Cooper Industries tangu mwaka 1997, LKQ Corporation tangu mwaka 2003, Discover Financial tangu mwaka 2007, na ConocoPhillips tangu mwaka 2000. == Uhisani == Mbali na kazi yake ya biashara, Devlin amehudumu katika bodi za wakurugenzi za mashirika mengi yasiyo ya kiserikali. Amehudumu katika bodi za wakurugenzi za Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, Holocaust Museum Houston na Joe Torre Safe at Home Foundation. Pia ni mwanachama wa bodi kuu ya American Irish Historical Society, ambako hapo awali aliwahi kuwa mwenyekiti mwenza pamoja na mwigizaji Liam Neeson. Mwaka 1998, Devlin aliteuliwa na Jenerali Colin Powell kuwa mwanachama wa bodi ya wakurugenzi ya America's Promise, muungano wa mashirika yasiyo ya kiserikali, mashirika ya kijamii, biashara na taasisi za serikali unaolenga kuboresha maisha ya vijana. Alihudumu katika bodi hiyo hadi mwaka 2009. Devlin anaendesha taasisi yake mwenyewe isiyo ya kiserikali inayotoa ruzuku, Devlin Foundation, yenye mali zenye thamani ya zaidi ya dola milioni 13. Yeye ni mdhamini wa Tulane University, chuo alichosomea, na alikuwa mdhamini wa Boston College kuanzia mwaka 2002 hadi 2010. Pia ni mdhamini wa St. Patrick's Cathedral huko New York City. == Tuzo == Orodha ya tuzo na heshima za Robert M. Devlin: Ellis Island Medal of Honor — Alitunukiwa kwa mafanikio yake katika biashara na uongozi. American Irish Historical Society Gold Medal Torch of Liberty Award iliyotolewa na Anti-Defamation League Joe Torre Safe at Home Foundation Hall of Fame Tulane University Lifetime Alumni Achievement Award == Maisha binafsi == Devlin ni Mkatoliki. Alifunga ndoa na Katharine "Kate" Devlin mwaka 1961. Wana watoto wawili wa kiume, Michael, aliyezaliwa mwaka 1966, na Matthew, aliyezaliwa mwaka 1968. Devlin ana asili ya Ireland. Babu yake wa ukoo alihamia Marekani kutoka County Donegal mwaka 1848. Familia hiyo ina uhusiano wa karibu na Ireland, ikiwa ni pamoja na kutoa msaada wa kifedha kwa ajili ya ukarabati wa St. Mary's Church huko Killybegs, County Donegal, na kambi ya Paul Newman huko County Kildare. === Curragh Stables === Devlin anamiliki na kuendesha Curragh Stables, kituo cha ufugaji na mashindano ya farasi wa aina ya Thoroughbred huko Saratoga Springs, New York. Kituo hicho kimewahi kushiriki katika mashindano ya farasi na kushinda mbio za hadhi ya juu. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} 51jo3670dn4v1d3gdhg1094wck8v7qy 0 253775 1606252 2026-10-08T13:27:33Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Diane Obomsawin''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1959]]) ni [[mwandishi]], mchoraji wa vielelezo na mtengenezaji wa filamu za uhuishaji mwenye asili ya Abenaki anayeishi [[Quebec]], ambaye mara nyingi anajulikana kwa jina lake la kisanii, '''Obom'''. <ref name="Vaillancourt">{{cite news|last1=Vaillancourt|first1=Julie|title=J'aime les filles: les premières amoureuses|url=http://www.fugues.com/239674-article-jaime-les-filles-les-premieres-amoureuses.html|accessdat...' 1606252 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diane Obomsawin''' (amezaliwa mwaka [[1959]]) ni [[mwandishi]], mchoraji wa vielelezo na mtengenezaji wa filamu za uhuishaji mwenye asili ya Abenaki anayeishi [[Quebec]], ambaye mara nyingi anajulikana kwa jina lake la kisanii, '''Obom'''. <ref name="Vaillancourt">{{cite news|last1=Vaillancourt|first1=Julie|title=J'aime les filles: les premières amoureuses|url=http://www.fugues.com/239674-article-jaime-les-filles-les-premieres-amoureuses.html|accessdate=29 September 2016|work=[[Fugues (magazine)|Fugues]]|date=22 May 2014|language=French}}</ref><ref name="Lyons">{{cite news|last1=Lyons|first1=Michael|title=On women, and loving them: A Q&A with Diane Obomsawin|url=https://nationalpost.com/arts/books/on-women-and-loving-them-a-qa-with-diane-obomsawin|access-date=29 September 2016|work=[[National Post]]|date=9 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="Tigchelaar">{{cite news|last1=Tigchelaar|first1=Alex|title=J'aime Diane Obomsawin|url=http://www.dailyxtra.com/toronto/news-and-ideas/opinion/j%E2%80%99aime-diane-obomsawin-80190|accessdate=29 September 2016|work=[[Daily Xtra]]|date=5 March 2014}}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1959|}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] imhk9gya0wgv6ylw2esasxt9ue6jli5 0 253776 1606256 2026-10-08T13:32:29Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alanis Obomsawin''' (amezaliwa [[31 Agosti]], [[1932]]) ni mtengenezaji wa [[filamu]] wa Abenaki wa [[Marekani]]-[[Kanada]], [[mwimbaji]], [[msanii]] na [[mwanaharakati]] anayejulikana hasa kwa filamu zake za hali halisi.<ref name="Alanis Obomsawin">{{Cite web |last=Wuttunee |first=Winston |date=2017-04-06 |title=Alanis Obomsawin |url=https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/alanis-obomsawin |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedi...' 1606256 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alanis Obomsawin''' (amezaliwa [[31 Agosti]], [[1932]]) ni mtengenezaji wa [[filamu]] wa Abenaki wa [[Marekani]]-[[Kanada]], [[mwimbaji]], [[msanii]] na [[mwanaharakati]] anayejulikana hasa kwa filamu zake za hali halisi.<ref name="Alanis Obomsawin">{{Cite web |last=Wuttunee |first=Winston |date=2017-04-06 |title=Alanis Obomsawin |url=https://thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/alanis-obomsawin |access-date=2026-04-28 |website=The Canadian Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Levine |first=Susan Schouten |date=1987 |title=The Long Walk of Alanis Obomsawin |url=http://cinemacanada.athabascau.ca/index.php/cinema/article/view/3618 |journal=Cinema Canada |language=en |issue=142 |issn=1918-879X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nash |first=Alice |last2=Obomsawin |first2=Réjean |date=2003 |title=Les Abénaquis au Québec : des grands espaces aux luttes actuelles |url=https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1082591ar |journal=Recherches amérindiennes au Québec |volume=33 |issue=2 |doi=10.7202/1082591ar|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD|1932|}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] ckpy6g9h1xpr00xi9mgezafxu3kkwux 0 253777 1606257 2026-10-08T13:34:07Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Adam R. Dell''' (aliyezaliwa [[14 Januari]] [[1970]]) ni mwekezaji wa mitaji ya ubia kutoka [[Marekani]] na kaka wa Michael Dell, mwanzilishi wa kampuni ya kutengeneza [[kompyuta]] Dell Inc. == Maisha ya awali na binafsi == Dell alizaliwa Houston, Texas. Alipata shahada ya BA katika uchumi wa kisiasa kutoka Tulane University na shahada ya JD kutoka Texas Law. Kaka yake mkubwa, Michael Dell, ni mwanzilishi wa kampuni ya [[teknolojia]] ya Dell. Mwaka 201...' 1606257 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adam R. Dell''' (aliyezaliwa [[14 Januari]] [[1970]]) ni mwekezaji wa mitaji ya ubia kutoka [[Marekani]] na kaka wa Michael Dell, mwanzilishi wa kampuni ya kutengeneza [[kompyuta]] Dell Inc. == Maisha ya awali na binafsi == Dell alizaliwa Houston, Texas. Alipata shahada ya BA katika uchumi wa kisiasa kutoka Tulane University na shahada ya JD kutoka Texas Law. Kaka yake mkubwa, Michael Dell, ni mwanzilishi wa kampuni ya [[teknolojia]] ya Dell. Mwaka 2010, alizaa mtoto wa kike pamoja na mwanamitindo na mwigizaji Padma Lakshmi. == Kazi == Alianza kazi yake akiwa [[mwanasheria]] wa kampuni katika Winstead Sechrest & Minick, huko Austin, [[Texas]], kabla ya kujiunga na kampuni ya mitaji ya ubia Enterprise Partners huko La Jolla, [[California]]. Baadaye alijiunga na Crosspoint Venture Partners huko Woodside, California, ambako alikua mshirika mwaka 1999. Mwaka 2000 alianzisha Impact Venture Partners, kampuni ya mitaji ya ubia ya hatua za awali yenye thamani ya dola milioni 100, huko [[New York]] City. Dell alijiunga na Austin Ventures kama mshirika wa mitaji ya ubia mwaka 2009. Mwaka 2018 alijiunga na Goldman Sachs kama mshirika. Katika kipindi cha kazi yake, Dell aliwekeza katika kampuni nyingi za teknolojia kama vile Hotjobs.com, ambayo ilinunuliwa na Yahoo! mwaka 2002, Ingenio, ambayo ilinunuliwa na AT&T mwaka 2007, na OpenTable. Dell alianzisha kampuni sita, zikiwemo Clarity Money, ambayo ilinunuliwa na Goldman Sachs mwaka 2018, Civitas Learning, Buzzsaw.com, ambayo ilinunuliwa na Autodesk mwaka 2002, na MessageOne, ambayo ilinunuliwa na Dell mwaka 2008, pamoja na Domain Money, kampuni ya ushauri wa kifedha. Dell alikuwa [[profesa]] msaidizi katika Columbia Business School, akifundisha biashara, teknolojia na ubunifu. Pia ni profesa mgeni katika Texas Law, ambako anafundisha somo kuhusu nafasi ya sheria katika ubunifu. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Kompyuta]] n4c0skeq60q7w148kcaqk6i9hfbad64 0 253778 1606260 2026-10-08T13:37:19Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Aline M. Betancourt''' ni [[mwanakemia]] wa viumbe kutoka [[Marekani]], [[profesa]] mshiriki wa tiba na [[mikrobiolojia]] katika Tulane University. Betancourt anafanya utafiti wa kutengeneza tiba zinazotumia seli shina za mesenchymal (MSC), na ndiye afisa mkuu wa sayansi na mwanzilishi wa kampuni mbili zinazolenga kutengeneza bidhaa za kitabibu kwa kutumia teknolojia hiyo. == Elimu == Alipata shahada ya B.S. katika biokemia kutoka Tulane University, sh...' 1606260 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aline M. Betancourt''' ni [[mwanakemia]] wa viumbe kutoka [[Marekani]], [[profesa]] mshiriki wa tiba na [[mikrobiolojia]] katika Tulane University. Betancourt anafanya utafiti wa kutengeneza tiba zinazotumia seli shina za mesenchymal (MSC), na ndiye afisa mkuu wa sayansi na mwanzilishi wa kampuni mbili zinazolenga kutengeneza bidhaa za kitabibu kwa kutumia teknolojia hiyo. == Elimu == Alipata shahada ya B.S. katika biokemia kutoka Tulane University, shahada ya Ph.D. katika mikrobiolojia kutoka Georgetown University, na kukamilisha mafunzo ya baada ya udaktari katika National Institutes of Health na National Cancer Institute. Alijiunga na kitivo cha Tulane University mwaka 1997. Kwa zaidi ya miongo miwili amefanya kazi kuhusu seli shina za mesenchymal. == Utafiti == Utafiti wa Betancourt unalenga mazingira ya uvimbe, ikiwa ni pamoja na mifumo yake ya kuhisi oksijeni, jeni zinazodhibiti njia za oksijeni, protini zinazofungamana na RNA, na uundaji wa mishipa mipya ya damu. Uundaji wa mishipa mipya ya damu katika uvimbe hutegemea uwiano kati ya sababu zinazochochea uundaji wa mishipa zinazotegemea uvimbe, kama vile VEGF. Kwa kutumia utegemezi huo wa seli za uvimbe zinazokua, amefanya kazi ya kuchochea ukosefu wa oksijeni na kudhibiti mchakato huu wa kawaida wa kifiziolojia. Machapisho yake yaliyonukuliwa zaidi ni: * Waterman RS, Tomchuck SL, Henkle SL, Betancourt AM. ''A new mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) paradigm: polarization into a pro-inflammatory MSC1 or an Immunosuppressive MSC2 phenotype.'' PLOS ONE. 26 Aprili 2010, 5(4):e10088. Kwa mujibu wa Google Scholar, makala hii imenukuliwa mara 930. * Bonvillain RW, Danchuk S, Sullivan DE, Betancourt AM, Semon JA, Eagle ME, Mayeux JP, Gregory AN, Wang G, Townley IK, Borg ZD. ''A nonhuman primate model of lung regeneration: detergent-mediated decellularization and initial in vitro recellularization with mesenchymal stem cells.'' Tissue Engineering Part A. 1 Desemba 2012, 18(23–24):2437–2452. Kwa mujibu wa Google Scholar, makala hii imenukuliwa mara 157. * Waterman RS, Henkle SL, Betancourt AM. ''Mesenchymal stem cell 1 (MSC1)-based therapy attenuates tumor growth whereas MSC2-treatment promotes tumor growth and metastasis.'' PLOS ONE. 20 Septemba 2012, 7(9):e45590. Kwa mujibu wa Google Scholar, makala hii imenukuliwa mara 157. == Biashara na matumizi ya teknolojia == Betancourt alikuwa mwanzilishi wa Commence Bio. Kampuni hiyo ilianzishwa mwaka 2010 kwa jina la WibiWorks Therapeutics, Inc., na jina likabadilishwa kuwa Commence Bio mwaka 2016. Kampuni hiyo inalenga kutengeneza tiba za saratani na magonjwa ya uchochezi kwa kutumia seli shina za mesenchymal. Kazi yao ililenga kuanzisha upya mfumo wa kinga wa wagonjwa kwa kutumia MSC1 na MSC2. Alifanya kazi pamoja na timu ya utafiti iliyojumuisha Ruth S. Waterman kutengeneza teknolojia ya umiliki ya Stimulated Toll-like Receptor Technology (STaRT), ambayo hupanga MSC kufanya kazi ya kupambana na uvimbe (MSC1) au kupunguza uchochezi (MSC2). Teknolojia hii hutumia Toll-like Receptors (TLR), ambazo ni molekuli zinazotokea kwa kawaida na kutumiwa na mfumo wa kinga wa asili wa mwili kutambua na kuitikia vijidudu vinavyovamia mwili. STaRT huchochea TLR3 kuzalisha seli za MSC2 na TLR4 kuzalisha seli za MSC1. Jukwaa hili linalenga kutumika katika matibabu ya saratani na magonjwa ya uchochezi. Bidhaa hiyo bado iko katika hatua za kabla ya majaribio ya kitabibu. Betancourt pia ni mwanzilishi wa VITAbolus, iliyoanzishwa mwaka 2018 huko San Diego. Kampuni hiyo inalenga kufanya matibabu kwa seli shina yapatikane kwa urahisi kupitia vidonge vya seli shina, ambapo seli shina za kupunguza uchochezi hupelekwa moja kwa moja kwenye utumbo mdogo na utumbo mpana ndani ya kapsuli zinazolindwa. Mradi wao wa sasa unalenga kutengeneza kidonge cha kwanza cha seli shina kinachotumiwa kwa njia ya mdomo kwa ajili ya ugonjwa wa Crohn. Kwa sasa teknolojia hiyo bado iko katika hatua ya kabla ya majaribio ya kitabibu. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wanakemia wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Mikrobiolojia]] d0dw9krnotyec88r4ardwy2da9qkt0e 0 253779 1606261 2026-10-08T13:41:04Z Christina Charles 71406 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Holly Fay''' ni [[msanii]] wa kisasa wa [[Kanada]] huko [[Regina]], [[Saskatchewan]]. Anajulikana kwa michoro, picha za kuchora na kazi za usakinishaji zinazochunguza mada za muunganiko wa matukio ya asili, mifumo ya ikolojia, fenomenolojia na mazingira yanayoishi, pamoja na ulimwengu wa viumbe na vitu visivyo wanadamu.<ref>https://www.uregina.ca/media-art-performance/directory/fay-holly.html</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/...' 1606261 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Holly Fay''' ni [[msanii]] wa kisasa wa [[Kanada]] huko [[Regina]], [[Saskatchewan]]. Anajulikana kwa michoro, picha za kuchora na kazi za usakinishaji zinazochunguza mada za muunganiko wa matukio ya asili, mifumo ya ikolojia, fenomenolojia na mazingira yanayoishi, pamoja na ulimwengu wa viumbe na vitu visivyo wanadamu.<ref>https://www.uregina.ca/media-art-performance/directory/fay-holly.html</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?Entt=RDM200751&R=200751|title=Holly Fay|publisher=Toronto Public Library|accessdate=15 March 2016}}</ref><ref>https://www.hollyfay.com/about</ref> ==Marejeo== <references /> {{mbegu-mtu}} {{BD||}} [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Kanada]] [[Jamii:Wanawake wa Kanada]] 4mslkx5qcoxz1ipl5miiqkg3ufik4p2 0 253780 1606262 2026-10-08T13:41:09Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Leon Bernard''' alikuwa [[mwanahistoria]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyebobea katika historia ya [[Ufaransa]]. Alikuwa [[profesa]] katika University of Notre Dame na mwanzilishi wa jarida ''The History Teacher''. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Bernard alipata shahada yake ya kwanza ya chuo kikuu kutoka Tulane University mwaka 1938. Baadaye alipata shahada za uzamili katika University of North [[Carolina Kusini|Carolina]] at Chapel Hill mwaka 1947 na 1950. == K...' 1606262 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Leon Bernard''' alikuwa [[mwanahistoria]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyebobea katika historia ya [[Ufaransa]]. Alikuwa [[profesa]] katika University of Notre Dame na mwanzilishi wa jarida ''The History Teacher''. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Bernard alipata shahada yake ya kwanza ya chuo kikuu kutoka Tulane University mwaka 1938. Baadaye alipata shahada za uzamili katika University of North [[Carolina Kusini|Carolina]] at Chapel Hill mwaka 1947 na 1950. == Kazi ya kitaaluma == Bernard alifundisha katika John Carroll University kwa mwaka mmoja kuanzia mwaka 1949. Alijiunga na University of Notre Dame mwaka 1950 na baadaye akawa profesa kamili. Alibaki katika chuo hicho kwa miaka 40. Mwaka 1967, Bernard alianzisha jarida la kitaaluma linalopitiwa na wataalamu, ''The History Teacher'', na alihudumu kama mhariri wake hadi ofisi ya uhariri ilipohamishwa kwenda California State University, Long Beach mwaka 1972. Pia alipitia miswada kuhusu historia ya Ufaransa kwa ajili ya Macmillan na University of Notre Dame Press. == Machapisho == Katika kipindi chake katika University of Notre Dame, Bernard alibobea na kuchapisha kazi kadhaa kuhusu Ufaransa ya karne ya 17, Mapinduzi ya Ufaransa na Enzi ya Napoleon. Bernard alipokea [[Tuzo]] ya Koren kutoka Society for French Historical Studies kwa makala yake ''French Society and Popular Uprisings Under Louis XIV'', iliyochapishwa mwaka 1964. Mwaka 1972, Bernard alichapisha monografia ''The Emerging City'', iliyochapishwa na Duke University Press, ambayo ilichunguza Paris katika karne ya 17. Pia alitajwa katika ''Dictionary of American Scholars''. == Maisha binafsi == Bernard alifariki tarehe [[9 Mei]] [[1989]]. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Tuzo]] [[Jamii:Wanahistoria wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Maprofesa]] jcpxkyyn7d64v896b0ibku9tnws1874 0 253781 1606263 2026-10-08T13:44:01Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jessica J. Bian''' (pia amechapisha kazi zake kwa jina Jinhua Bian) ni mtendaji wa sekta ya [[nishati]] mwenye asili ya [[China]] na [[Marekani]], na aliyewahi kuwa [[rais]] wa IEEE Power & Energy Society. == Elimu na kazi == Bian ni binti wa wahandisi wawili wa mifumo ya umeme. Alisoma uhandisi wa umeme katika Taiyuan University of Technology na kupata [[Shahada ya Awali|shahada]] ya kwanza mwaka 1985. Baada ya kupata shahada ya uzamili mwaka 1988 kup...' 1606263 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jessica J. Bian''' (pia amechapisha kazi zake kwa jina Jinhua Bian) ni mtendaji wa sekta ya [[nishati]] mwenye asili ya [[China]] na [[Marekani]], na aliyewahi kuwa [[rais]] wa IEEE Power & Energy Society. == Elimu na kazi == Bian ni binti wa wahandisi wawili wa mifumo ya umeme. Alisoma uhandisi wa umeme katika Taiyuan University of Technology na kupata [[Shahada ya Awali|shahada]] ya kwanza mwaka 1985. Baada ya kupata shahada ya uzamili mwaka 1988 kupitia China Electric Power Research Institute, alikamilisha shahada yake ya Ph.D. katika Tulane University mwaka 1992. Tasnifu yake, ''Modal analysis of large-scale power systems' voltage stability and voltage collapse'', ilisimamiwa na Parviz Rastgoufard. Amefanya kazi katika Westinghouse Electric Corporation, PJM Interconnection, Electric Reliability Council of Texas, Grid-X Partners, North American Electric Reliability Corporation, na RAS Fusion, ambako ni afisa mkuu wa teknolojia. Alikuwa rais wa IEEE Power & Energy Society kwa kipindi cha 2022–2023. == Kutambuliwa == Mwaka 2014, Bian alikuwa mpokeaji wa kwanza wa Tuzo ya IEEE Power & Energy Society Wanda Reder Pioneer in Power. Alichaguliwa kuwa IEEE Fellow katika kundi la mwaka 2025 kwa mchango wake katika kuboresha utegemezi wa mifumo mikubwa ya umeme na maendeleo katika mtiririko wa nishati. Katika mwaka huo huo, alichaguliwa kuwa mwanachama wa National Academy of Engineering kwa uongozi na mchango wake katika vipimo vya utendaji wa utegemezi wa mifumo ya umeme, pamoja na maendeleo ya uundaji na udhibiti wa mtiririko wa nishati. Mwaka 2026, aliteuliwa kuwa profesa mgeni mashuhuri katika Tsinghua University. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Marais]] [[Jamii:Nishati]] 8lslhamrd2p487kukx216ce6uwtc4dz 0 253782 1606264 2026-10-08T13:48:23Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''William Burlie Brown''' (3 Machi [[1922]] – 29 Juni [[2005]]) alikuwa [[mwanahistoria]] katika Tulane University huko [[New Orleans]] kwa zaidi ya miongo mitatu. W. Burlie Brown, ambaye hakuwahi kutumia jina lake la kwanza, alikuwa mzaliwa wa New Orleans. Alijiunga na Tulane kama mwanafunzi wa masomo ya awali ya [[sheria]] ili kuwafurahisha wazazi wake. Alikuwa mtu wa kwanza katika familia yake kwenda chuo kikuu. Baada ya kutumikia kwa miaka miwili k...' 1606264 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Burlie Brown''' (3 Machi [[1922]] – 29 Juni [[2005]]) alikuwa [[mwanahistoria]] katika Tulane University huko [[New Orleans]] kwa zaidi ya miongo mitatu. W. Burlie Brown, ambaye hakuwahi kutumia jina lake la kwanza, alikuwa mzaliwa wa New Orleans. Alijiunga na Tulane kama mwanafunzi wa masomo ya awali ya [[sheria]] ili kuwafurahisha wazazi wake. Alikuwa mtu wa kwanza katika familia yake kwenda chuo kikuu. Baada ya kutumikia kwa miaka miwili katika eneo la [[Pasifiki]] wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]] akiwa [[mwanajeshi]] wa [[Jeshi]] la Wanamaji la [[Marekani]], Brown alipata shahada ya sheria kutoka Tulane. Alifunga ndoa na Rosel George, mwandishi wa hadithi za kubuni za kisayansi na mtaalamu wa [[Ugiriki]] ya kale, mwaka 1947. Walipata watoto wawili. Alifanya kazi ya sheria kwa miaka miwili, lakini hatimaye alirudi shuleni mwaka 1949 kama mwanafunzi na baadaye akapata shahada ya udaktari katika historia kutoka University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Brown alijiunga na kitivo cha historia cha Tulane mwaka 1951. Alipokea ufadhili wa ualimu wa Danforth mwaka 1955 na Guggenheim Fellowship mwaka 1957. Alikuwa mshauri wa Idara ya Afya, Elimu na Ustawi ya serikali ya shirikisho kuanzia mwaka 1963 hadi 1967. Mke wake alifariki mwaka huo kutokana na limfoma. Brown alistaafu mwaka 1987. Pia alikuwa mshiriki hai wa Kanisa la Episcopal, akihudumu katika kamati za eneo na kitaifa na kufundisha madarasa kwa watu waliokuwa wakifikiria kujiunga na kanisa hilo. Alikuwa mwanachama wa vestry katika Chapel of the Holy Spirit, huduma ya kichungaji ya vyuo vya Tulane na Loyola. Akiwa na umri wa miaka 83, alifariki akiwa ameacha mke wake Gillian Fansler Brown, pamoja na mwanawe Robin Ernest Brown na binti yake Jennifer Jo Brown. Pia aliacha watoto wa kambo watatu, Stephen Hammond, Justin Hammond na John Hammond, pamoja na wajukuu wanane na vitukuu wawili. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wataalamu]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanahistoria]] [[Jamii:Wanajeshi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Vita Vikuu vya Pili]] 9oyejo2tu6pqw84yaptkt498hv2zgdf 0 253783 1606265 2026-10-08T13:52:13Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Peter Samuel Brunstetter''' (aliyezaliwa [[28 Februari]] [[1956]] huko San Francisco, [[California]]) ni mwanachama wa zamani wa Chama cha Republican katika Baraza Kuu la North [[Carolina Kusini|Carolina]], ambako aliwakilisha [[wilaya]] ya 31 ya Seneti ya jimbo hilo, iliyojumuisha wakazi wa Forsyth County na Yadkin County, North Carolina. Alijiuzulu kutoka bungeni, kuanzia tarehe [[15 Desemba]] 2013, ili kuwa makamu wa [[rais]] mtendaji na afisa mkuu w...' 1606265 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Peter Samuel Brunstetter''' (aliyezaliwa [[28 Februari]] [[1956]] huko San Francisco, [[California]]) ni mwanachama wa zamani wa Chama cha Republican katika Baraza Kuu la North [[Carolina Kusini|Carolina]], ambako aliwakilisha [[wilaya]] ya 31 ya Seneti ya jimbo hilo, iliyojumuisha wakazi wa Forsyth County na Yadkin County, North Carolina. Alijiuzulu kutoka bungeni, kuanzia tarehe [[15 Desemba]] 2013, ili kuwa makamu wa [[rais]] mtendaji na afisa mkuu wa sheria wa Novant Health yenye makao yake Winston-Salem. Alihudumu katika Novant Health hadi Novemba 2018. Kuanzia Januari 2019 hadi Julai 2020, alihudumu kama Afisa Mkuu wa Uendeshaji wa University of North Carolina System, yenye makao yake Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Brunstetter alipata shahada ya B.A. katika Sayansi ya Siasa kutoka Tulane University mwaka 1977, na shahada ya J.D. kutoka University of Virginia mwaka 1984, ambapo alikuwa mwanachama wa Order of the Coif. Kuanzia mwaka 1977 hadi 1981, Brunstetter alihudumu kama afisa mwenye kamisheni katika Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani akiwa ndani ya USS ''Briscoe'', na kuondoka akiwa na cheo cha luteni. Aliendelea kuhudumu katika Kikosi cha Akiba cha Jeshi la Wanamaji kuanzia mwaka 1981 hadi 1990, na kuondoka akiwa na cheo cha lieutenant commander. Kwa miaka mingi, Brunstetter alifanya kazi ya [[sheria]] katika kampuni ya Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice, LLP, huko Winston-Salem, North Carolina, na aliishi Lewisville pamoja na mke wake Jodie. Kwa sasa yeye na mke wake wanaishi Huddleston, Virginia. Aliwahi kuwa mshirika katika kitengo cha Sheria za Mashirika na Dhamana cha Womble Carlyle. Brunstetter alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Bodi ya Uchaguzi ya Forsyth County kuanzia mwaka 1990 hadi 1991, na aliteuliwa kujaza nafasi iliyoachwa wazi katika Bodi ya Makamishna ya Forsyth County mwezi Septemba 1991. Alihudumu katika bodi hiyo hadi mwaka 2004, baada ya kuchaguliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwaka 1992, 1996 na 2000. Brunstetter alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Bodi ya Makamishna kuanzia mwaka 1994 hadi 2004, wakati alipoamua kutogombea tena. Mwaka 2006, Brunstetter aliteuliwa kujaza nafasi iliyoachwa wazi katika Seneti ya North Carolina baada ya kifo cha Seneta Ham Horton. Katika Seneti, alihudumu kama mwenyekiti mwenza wa Kamati ya Matumizi ya Fedha na Bajeti ya Msingi, mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Seneti ya Mahakama I, makamu mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Kanuni na Uendeshaji wa Seneti, na mwanachama wa Kamati za Fedha, Biashara na Ugawaji Upya wa Maeneo ya Uchaguzi. Brunstetter ni mwenyekiti wa zamani wa Novant Health, Inc. Pia ni profesa msaidizi wa zamani wa sheria katika Elon University School of Law. Alihudumu katika bodi ya wageni ya University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC State University na University of North Carolina at Wilmington. Pia ni mwanachama wa zamani wa bodi ya wadhamini ya University of North Carolina School of the Arts. Alihudumu katika Bodi ya Magavana ya North Carolina Bar Association. Brunstetter alikuwa mpokeaji wa Tuzo ya Huduma kwa Umma ya Dr. I. Beverly Lake kutoka North Carolina Bar Association mwaka 2013. Pia ni mpokeaji wa heshima ya juu zaidi ya kiraia ya North Carolina, Order of the Long Leaf Pine. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria]] 6k82il7fw07jj7xitvtte8602r6qzgm 1606267 1606265 2026-10-08T13:54:07Z Ladygoody 92634 1606267 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Peter Brunstetter.jpg|thumb|Mwanachama wa Seneti ya North Carolina kutoka wilaya ya 31]] '''Peter Samuel Brunstetter''' (aliyezaliwa [[28 Februari]] [[1956]] huko San Francisco, [[California]]) ni mwanachama wa zamani wa Chama cha Republican katika Baraza Kuu la North [[Carolina Kusini|Carolina]], ambako aliwakilisha [[wilaya]] ya 31 ya Seneti ya jimbo hilo, iliyojumuisha wakazi wa Forsyth County na Yadkin County, North Carolina. Alijiuzulu kutoka bungeni, kuanzia tarehe [[15 Desemba]] 2013, ili kuwa makamu wa [[rais]] mtendaji na afisa mkuu wa sheria wa Novant Health yenye makao yake Winston-Salem. Alihudumu katika Novant Health hadi Novemba 2018. Kuanzia Januari 2019 hadi Julai 2020, alihudumu kama Afisa Mkuu wa Uendeshaji wa University of North Carolina System, yenye makao yake Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Brunstetter alipata shahada ya B.A. katika Sayansi ya Siasa kutoka Tulane University mwaka 1977, na shahada ya J.D. kutoka University of Virginia mwaka 1984, ambapo alikuwa mwanachama wa Order of the Coif. Kuanzia mwaka 1977 hadi 1981, Brunstetter alihudumu kama afisa mwenye kamisheni katika Jeshi la Wanamaji la Marekani akiwa ndani ya USS ''Briscoe'', na kuondoka akiwa na cheo cha luteni. Aliendelea kuhudumu katika Kikosi cha Akiba cha Jeshi la Wanamaji kuanzia mwaka 1981 hadi 1990, na kuondoka akiwa na cheo cha lieutenant commander. Kwa miaka mingi, Brunstetter alifanya kazi ya [[sheria]] katika kampuni ya Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice, LLP, huko Winston-Salem, North Carolina, na aliishi Lewisville pamoja na mke wake Jodie. Kwa sasa yeye na mke wake wanaishi Huddleston, Virginia. Aliwahi kuwa mshirika katika kitengo cha Sheria za Mashirika na Dhamana cha Womble Carlyle. Brunstetter alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Bodi ya Uchaguzi ya Forsyth County kuanzia mwaka 1990 hadi 1991, na aliteuliwa kujaza nafasi iliyoachwa wazi katika Bodi ya Makamishna ya Forsyth County mwezi Septemba 1991. Alihudumu katika bodi hiyo hadi mwaka 2004, baada ya kuchaguliwa katika nafasi hiyo mwaka 1992, 1996 na 2000. Brunstetter alikuwa mwenyekiti wa Bodi ya Makamishna kuanzia mwaka 1994 hadi 2004, wakati alipoamua kutogombea tena. Mwaka 2006, Brunstetter aliteuliwa kujaza nafasi iliyoachwa wazi katika Seneti ya North Carolina baada ya kifo cha Seneta Ham Horton. Katika Seneti, alihudumu kama mwenyekiti mwenza wa Kamati ya Matumizi ya Fedha na Bajeti ya Msingi, mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Seneti ya Mahakama I, makamu mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Kanuni na Uendeshaji wa Seneti, na mwanachama wa Kamati za Fedha, Biashara na Ugawaji Upya wa Maeneo ya Uchaguzi. Brunstetter ni mwenyekiti wa zamani wa Novant Health, Inc. Pia ni profesa msaidizi wa zamani wa sheria katika Elon University School of Law. Alihudumu katika bodi ya wageni ya University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC State University na University of North Carolina at Wilmington. Pia ni mwanachama wa zamani wa bodi ya wadhamini ya University of North Carolina School of the Arts. Alihudumu katika Bodi ya Magavana ya North Carolina Bar Association. Brunstetter alikuwa mpokeaji wa Tuzo ya Huduma kwa Umma ya Dr. I. Beverly Lake kutoka North Carolina Bar Association mwaka 2013. Pia ni mpokeaji wa heshima ya juu zaidi ya kiraia ya North Carolina, Order of the Long Leaf Pine. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wanasayansi]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria]] s1i9f9a0f4gyy31fdotpptqs669q95h 0 253784 1606266 2026-10-08T13:52:55Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Joseph Edward Root''' (alizaliwa [[30 Desemba]] [[1990]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Sheffield]], Yorkshire, Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati na mara nyingi ni nahodha wa timu ya taifa ya Uingerez katika mashindano ya Test na ODI. Anachukuliwa kama mmoja wa wachezaji bora wa kriketi wa wakati wake na mmoja wa wafungaji bora wa historia ya kriketi ya Uingereza<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/crick...' 1606266 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Edward Root''' (alizaliwa [[30 Desemba]] [[1990]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Sheffield]], Yorkshire, Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati na mara nyingi ni nahodha wa timu ya taifa ya Uingerez katika mashindano ya Test na ODI. Anachukuliwa kama mmoja wa wachezaji bora wa kriketi wa wakati wake na mmoja wa wafungaji bora wa historia ya kriketi ya Uingereza<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/live/cx0092z3n9xt|title=England vs West Indies LIVE: Second Test, day four, Trent Bridge – cricket score, radio commentary, video highlights and text updates|website=BBC Sport|access-date=3 January 2026}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joe Root 'England's best player of all time' - Gooch |date=15 June 2023 |url=https://au.sports.yahoo.com/joe-root-englands-best-player-134800507.html |publisher=Yahoo Sport |access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Joe Root alizaliwa tarehe 30 Desemba 1990 huko Sheffield, Yorkshire. Alikulia katika familia ya wapenzi wa kriketi, na baba yake alikuwa mchezaji wa kriketi wa klabu. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Yorkshire. Alihitimu kutoka Shule ya Sekondari ya King Edward VII huko Sheffield.<ref name="Daily Express Exclusive">{{cite news |url=http://www.express.co.uk/sport/cricket/413716/EXCLUSIVE-England-s-Joe-Root-in-the-words-of-those-who-helped-him-to-the-top |title=Exclusive: England's Joe Root in the words of those who helped him to the top |work=[[Daily Express]] |date=10 July 2013 |access-date=27 July 2015 |last=Squires |first=Neil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130073921/http://www.express.co.uk/sport/cricket/413716/EXCLUSIVE-England-s-Joe-Root-in-the-words-of-those-who-helped-him-to-the-top |archive-date=30 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Kazi ya Kriketi == === Mwanzo wa Kazi === Root alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya Test kwa [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[2012]] dhidi ya [[India]] huko Nagpur. Alifunga karne yake ya kwanza ya Test mwaka [[2013]] dhidi ya [[New Zealand]] huko Headingley.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://yorkshireccc.com/teams/view/11/joseph-edward-root |title=Teams - Joseph Edward Root |access-date=11 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706125527/https://www.yorkshireccc.com/teams/view/11/joseph-edward-root |archive-date=6 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Nahodha wa Uingereza === Mwaka [[2017]], Root aliteuliwa kuwa nahodha wa timu ya Test ya Uingereza, akichukua nafasi ya Alastair Cook. Aliongoza timu katika mashindano mengi makubwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la [[2019]], ambapo Uingereza ilishinda kwa mara ya kwanza. === Mafanikio === Root amekuwa mfungaji bora wa timu ya [[Uingereza]] katika Test kwa miaka mingi. Ameshinda tuzo nyingi, ikiwa ni pamoja na mchezaji bora wa kriketi wa mwaka wa ICC. Amefunga mabao zaidi ya 12,000 katika Test, na anaendelea kuwa mmoja wa wachezaji muhimu wa timu ya taifa. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 856chukgmawrbwa3tcna5q3intfzmto 1606273 1606266 2026-10-08T14:10:52Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1606273 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Edward Root''' (alizaliwa [[30 Desemba]] [[1990]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Sheffield]], Yorkshire, Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati na mara nyingi ni nahodha wa timu ya taifa ya Uingerez katika mashindano ya Test na ODI. Anachukuliwa kama mmoja wa wachezaji bora wa kriketi wa wakati wake na mmoja wa wafungaji bora wa historia ya kriketi ya Uingereza<ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/live/cx0092z3n9xt|title=England vs West Indies LIVE: Second Test, day four, Trent Bridge – cricket score, radio commentary, video highlights and text updates|website=BBC Sport|access-date=3 January 2026}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joe Root 'England's best player of all time' - Gooch |date=15 June 2023 |url=https://au.sports.yahoo.com/joe-root-englands-best-player-134800507.html |publisher=Yahoo Sport |access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Joe Root alizaliwa tarehe 30 Desemba 1990 huko Sheffield, Yorkshire. Alikulia katika familia ya wapenzi wa kriketi, na baba yake alikuwa mchezaji wa kriketi wa klabu. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Yorkshire. Alihitimu kutoka Shule ya Sekondari ya King Edward VII huko Sheffield.<ref name="Daily Express Exclusive">{{cite news |url=http://www.express.co.uk/sport/cricket/413716/EXCLUSIVE-England-s-Joe-Root-in-the-words-of-those-who-helped-him-to-the-top |title=Exclusive: England's Joe Root in the words of those who helped him to the top |work=[[Daily Express]] |date=10 July 2013 |access-date=27 July 2015 |last=Squires |first=Neil |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130073921/http://www.express.co.uk/sport/cricket/413716/EXCLUSIVE-England-s-Joe-Root-in-the-words-of-those-who-helped-him-to-the-top |archive-date=30 January 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Kazi ya Kriketi == === Mwanzo wa Kazi === Root alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya Test kwa [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[2012]] dhidi ya [[India]] huko Nagpur. Alifunga karne yake ya kwanza ya Test mwaka [[2013]] dhidi ya [[New Zealand]] huko Headingley.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://yorkshireccc.com/teams/view/11/joseph-edward-root |title=Teams - Joseph Edward Root |access-date=11 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190706125527/https://www.yorkshireccc.com/teams/view/11/joseph-edward-root |archive-date=6 July 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> === Nahodha wa Uingereza === Mwaka [[2017]], Root aliteuliwa kuwa nahodha wa timu ya Test ya Uingereza, akichukua nafasi ya Alastair Cook. Aliongoza timu katika mashindano mengi makubwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la [[2019]], ambapo Uingereza ilishinda kwa mara ya kwanza. === Mafanikio === Root amekuwa mfungaji bora wa timu ya [[Uingereza]] katika Test kwa miaka mingi. Ameshinda tuzo nyingi, ikiwa ni pamoja na mchezaji bora wa kriketi wa mwaka wa ICC. Amefunga mabao zaidi ya 12,000 katika Test, na anaendelea kuwa mmoja wa wachezaji muhimu wa timu ya taifa. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] swkiejygjku59unmcrgeibmrgy2zmb2 0 253785 1606269 2026-10-08T13:57:27Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Corey Dowden''' (aliyezaliwa [[18 Oktoba]] [[1968]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya defensive back katika National Football League (NFL). == Wasifu == Dowden alizaliwa tarehe 18 Oktoba 1968 huko [[New Orleans, Louisiana|New Orleans, Louisiana.]] == Kazi == Uzoefu wa kwanza wa Dowden katika soka la kulipwa ulikuwa katika misimu miwili akiwa na Tampa Bay Storm ya Arena Football...' 1606269 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Corey Dowden''' (aliyezaliwa [[18 Oktoba]] [[1968]]) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira wa miguu]] wa kulipwa kutoka [[Marekani]] aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya defensive back katika National Football League (NFL). == Wasifu == Dowden alizaliwa tarehe 18 Oktoba 1968 huko [[New Orleans, Louisiana|New Orleans, Louisiana.]] == Kazi == Uzoefu wa kwanza wa Dowden katika soka la kulipwa ulikuwa katika misimu miwili akiwa na Tampa Bay Storm ya Arena Football League. Aliteuliwa katika kikosi cha pili cha All-Arena mwaka 1995. Baadaye alitumia msimu mmoja akiwa na Ottawa Rough Riders ya Canadian Football League kabla ya kurejea Tampa Bay Storm kwa msimu mwingine. Katika msimu wa NFL wa mwaka 1996, Dowden alichezea timu mbili. Kwanza alichezea Green Bay Packers na baadaye katika msimu huo alijiunga na Baltimore Ravens. Alitumia msimu wa NFL wa mwaka 1997 akiwa na Chicago Bears kabla ya kurejea Tampa Bay Storm kwa msimu wake wa mwisho. Alisoma na kucheza mpira wa miguu wa vyuo katika Tulane University. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-historia}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira nchi kwa nchi]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Marekani]] ffpow391fiyz3tukv274wvb00lmwqkf 0 253786 1606270 2026-10-08T14:05:48Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Harry Cherrington Brook''' (alizaliwa [[22 Februari]] [[1999]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Keighley, Yorkshire, Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati na mchapaji wa mara kwa mara. Anachukuliwa kama mmoja wa wachezaji bora wa kriketi wa wakati wake na mmoja wa wafungaji bora wa historia ya kriketi ya Uingereza.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thecricketpaper.com/news/379926/harrys-time-will-surely-come-again/|title=Harr...' 1606270 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harry Cherrington Brook''' (alizaliwa [[22 Februari]] [[1999]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Keighley, Yorkshire, Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati na mchapaji wa mara kwa mara. Anachukuliwa kama mmoja wa wachezaji bora wa kriketi wa wakati wake na mmoja wa wafungaji bora wa historia ya kriketi ya Uingereza.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thecricketpaper.com/news/379926/harrys-time-will-surely-come-again/|title=Harry's time will surely come again|date=3 October 2020|access-date=17 March 2021|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415114529/https://www.thecricketpaper.com/news/379926/harrys-time-will-surely-come-again/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=CAprof>{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1317/1317007/1317007.html |title=Harry Brook |publisher=CricketArchive |access-date=3 July 2017}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Harry Brook alizaliwa tarehe 22 Februari 1999 huko Keighley, Yorkshire. Alikulia katika familia ya wapenzi wa kriketi. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Yorkshire. Alihitimu kutoka Shule ya Sekondari ya Ilkley huko Yorkshire.<ref>{{cite web |title=England and Wales Birth Registration Index, 1837–2008 |url=https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVH5-MJ2S |website=www.familysearch.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://cricketyorkshire.com/harry-brook/ | title=Harry Brook: From Burley to his Yorkshire CCC debut|website=Cricketyorkshire.com | date=5 September 2022 }}</ref> == Kazi ya Kriketi == Brook alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya daraja la kwanza kwa Yorkshire mwaka [[2016]] akiwa bado shule. Alishiriki katika Kombe la Dunia la Vijana la U-19 mwaka [[2018]] akiwa nahodha wa [[Uingereza]] na alikuwa mfungaji bora wa timu yake. Alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya T20I kwa [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[2022]] dhidi ya West Indies, na mechi yake ya kwanza ya Test mwaka huo dhidi ya Afrika Kusini. Alifunga runs 800 za Test katika innings tisa tu, rekodi ya kasi zaidi. Alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya [[Uingereza]] iliyoshinda Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la T20 mwaka [[2022]]. Mwaka [[2024]], alifunga runs 317 dhidi ya Pakistan, ikiwa ni mara ya kwanza kwa mchezaji wa [[Uingereza]] kufikia alama tatu za karne katika miaka 34. Mwaka [[2025]], aliteuliwa kuwa nahodha wa timu ya [[Uingereza]] ya ODI na T20I baada ya kujiuzulu kwa Jos Buttler. Aliongoza timu kushinda mfululizo dhidi ya West Indies na Sri Lanka. Katika Ashes ya [[2025]]-[[2026]], alivunja rekodi ya dunia kwa kufikia runs 3,000 za Test kwa idadi ndogo ya mipira iliyokabiliwa. Ameshinda tuzo nyingi, ikiwa ni pamoja na mchezaji bora wa kriketi wa mwaka wa ICC.<ref name=CAprof/><ref name=PF>{{cite book |last=Playfair |title=Playfair Cricket Annual (70th edition) |edition=2017 |editor-last=Marshall |editor-first=Ian |publisher=Headline |location=London |page=197}}</ref><ref name=school>{{cite web |url=http://www.sedberghschool.org/senior/News-Events/News/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/374 |title=Harry Brook first-class debut for Yorkshire |publisher=Sedbergh School |date=28 June 2016 |access-date=3 July 2017 |archive-date=27 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927092747/http://www.sedberghschool.org/senior/News-Events/News/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/374 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1999]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 3qie9ypmpmg76jm4nrp20q9mb53siv9 0 253787 1606274 2026-10-08T14:14:39Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Benjamin Andrew Stokes''' (alizaliwa [[4 Juni]] [[1991]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Christchurch]], [[Nyuzilandi]], lakini alikulia Cumbria, Uingereza. Anacheza kama all-rounder wa mkono wa kushoto na mchapaji wa kasi wa wastani. Anachukuliwa kama mmoja wa wachezaji bora wa kriketi wa wakati wake na mmoja wa wafungaji bora wa historia ya kriketi ya Uingereza.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ben Stokes |url=http://www.sportism.ne...' 1606274 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benjamin Andrew Stokes''' (alizaliwa [[4 Juni]] [[1991]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Christchurch]], [[Nyuzilandi]], lakini alikulia Cumbria, Uingereza. Anacheza kama all-rounder wa mkono wa kushoto na mchapaji wa kasi wa wastani. Anachukuliwa kama mmoja wa wachezaji bora wa kriketi wa wakati wake na mmoja wa wafungaji bora wa historia ya kriketi ya Uingereza.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ben Stokes |url=http://www.sportism.net/cricket/ben_stokes |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727215047/http://www.sportism.net/cricket/ben_stokes |archive-date=27 July 2014 |access-date=1 May 2015 |publisher=Sportism.net}}</ref><ref name=Ben>{{cite news |title=Ben Stokes named England men's Test captain |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ben-stokes-named-england-mens-test-captain-1312611 |work=ESPNcricinfo |date=28 April 2022}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Ben Stokes alizaliwa tarehe 4 Juni 1991 huko Christchurch,Nyuzilandi. Alihamia Uingereza akiwa na umri wa miaka 12 na alikulia Cumbria. Alikulia katika familia ya wapenzi wa michezo, na baba yake alikuwa kocha wa kriketi. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Durham. Alihitimu kutoka Shule ya Cockermouth huko Cumbria.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ben Stokes proud and respectful of his Māori heritage as he jokes 'I can't say where the Māori is' |url=https://www.1news.co.nz/2019/11/27/ben-stokes-proud-and-respectful-of-his-maori-heritage-as-he-jokes-i-cant-say-where-the-maori-is/ |access-date=4 August 2025 |work=1News |date=27 November 2019}}</ref><ref name="Telegraph">{{Cite news|last=Hoult|first=Nick|date=15 May 2009|title=Durham's Ben Stokes wins generation game at the Oval|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/international/england/10345278/England-all-rounder-Ben-Stokes-sees-star-rise-still-further-as-he-puts-Australia-shame-behind-him.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/cricket/international/england/10345278/England-all-rounder-Ben-Stokes-sees-star-rise-still-further-as-he-puts-Australia-shame-behind-him.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=5 July 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref> == Kazi ya Kriketi == Stokes alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya daraja la kwanza kwa Durham mwaka [[2010]]. Alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya Test kwa [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[2011]] dhidi ya Australia. Mwaka [[2019]], alikuwa mchezaji muhimu katika ushindi wa [[Uingereza]] wa Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la ODI, akifunga 84 bila kutoka nje katika fainali dhidi ya New Zealand na alitajwa kama Player of the Match. Katika Ashes ya [[2019]], alifunga 135 bila kutoka nje katika Test ya tatu huko Leeds, akisaidia [[Uingereza]] kushinda kwa wicket moja. Mwaka [[2022]], aliteuliwa kuwa nahodha wa Test ya [[Uingereza]] baada ya kujiuzulu kwa Joe Root. Pamoja na kocha Brendon McCullum, walianzisha mtindo wa kucheza unaojulikana kama "Bazball." Ameshinda tuzo nyingi, ikiwa ni pamoja na BBC Sports Personality of the Year na ICC Men's Cricketer of the Year mwaka [[2019]]. Alipokea OBE mwaka [[2020]] kwa mchango wake katika kriketi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 April 2021|title=England's Ben Stokes faces spell on sidelines after breaking finger in IPL|url=http://www.theguardian.com/sport/2021/apr/13/england-cricket-bowler-jofra-archer-clear-to-resume-training-after-hand-operation|access-date=14 April 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=13 April 2021|title=Ben Stokes to miss rest of Indian Premier League with broken finger|language=en-GB|work=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2021/04/13/ben-stokes-miss-rest-indian-premier-league-broken-finger/ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2021/04/13/ben-stokes-miss-rest-indian-premier-league-broken-finger/ |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|access-date=14 April 2021|issn=0307-1235}}{{cbignore}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] aj3oi6pwvvwykew6a189vg211ixcm35 0 253788 1606278 2026-10-08T14:18:14Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jofra Chioke Archer''' (alizaliwa [[1 Aprili]] [[1995]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Bridgetown]], [[Barbadosi]]. Anacheza kama mchapaji wa kasi wa mkono wa kulia. Anachukuliwa kama mmoja wa wapigaji wa kasi bora wa [[Uingereza]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jofra Archer|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/players/jofra-archer/a092r6FB8EeqrDwdxlwLGA |work=Cricket Australia |access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali...' 1606278 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jofra Chioke Archer''' (alizaliwa [[1 Aprili]] [[1995]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Bridgetown]], [[Barbadosi]]. Anacheza kama mchapaji wa kasi wa mkono wa kulia. Anachukuliwa kama mmoja wa wapigaji wa kasi bora wa [[Uingereza]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Jofra Archer|url=https://www.cricket.com.au/players/jofra-archer/a092r6FB8EeqrDwdxlwLGA |work=Cricket Australia |access-date=18 September 2019}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Jofra Archer alizaliwa tarehe 1 Aprili 1995 huko Bridgetown, Barbadosi. Alikulia katika familia ya wapenzi wa kriketi, na baba yake alikuwa mchezaji wa kriketi wa klabu. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo. Alihamia [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[2015]] na alijiunga na timu ya Sussex.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news.com.au/sport/cricket/jofra-archer-played-through-personal-heartbreak-after-cousin-was-murdered/news-story/f75b348d57a0e7cb4773f4b07f396709|title=Jofra Archer played through personal heartbreak after cousin was murdered|publisher=news.com.au|access-date=22 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.itv.com/news/2019-07-15/who-is-jofra-archer-world-cup-winning-england-cricketer/|publisher=ITV News|title=Who is World Cup winning England cricketer Jofra Archer?|date=15 July 2019|access-date=22 August 2019}}</ref> == Kazi ya Kriketi == Archer alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya Test kwa [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[2019]] dhidi ya Australia katika Ashes. Alikuwa mchezaji muhimu katika ushindi wa [[Uingereza]] wa Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la ODI mwaka [[2019]], akichukua wickets 20 katika mashindano hayo. Alicheza katika Test ya pili ya Ashes ya [[2019]] huko Lord's, akichukua wickets 5 katika innings ya kwanza. Alikabiliana na majeraha mengi katika taaluma yake, ikiwa ni pamoja na jeraha la kiwiko na mgongo. Alirudi kwenye timu ya [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[2025]] baada ya kipindi kirefu cha majeraha. Ameshinda tuzo nyingi, ikiwa ni pamoja na mchezaji bora wa kriketi wa mwaka wa ICC.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/913637.html |title=Pakistan tour of England and Ireland, Tour Match: Sussex v Pakistanis at Hove, Jul 8–10, 2016|date=8 July 2016 |publisher=ESPN Sports Media|work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=8 July 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/947439.html |title=Royal London One-Day Cup, South Group: Gloucestershire v Sussex at Cheltenham, Jul 24, 2016 |publisher=ESPN Sports Media|work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=24 July 2016|date=24 July 2016 }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1995]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] efpfe2njqcj54qbgqh2nedmgx41w8ws 0 253789 1606279 2026-10-08T14:32:35Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Joseph Charles Buttler''' (alizaliwa [[8 Septemba]] [[1990]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Taunton]], [[Somerset]], Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa wicket-keeper na mchezaji wa kati wa mkono wa kulia. Anachukuliwa kama mmoja wa wapigaji wa mpira wa kasi bora katika kriketi ya kisasa.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/48983890|title=England men win first Cricket World Cup|work=BBC Sport |access-d...' 1606279 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Charles Buttler''' (alizaliwa [[8 Septemba]] [[1990]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Taunton]], [[Somerset]], Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa wicket-keeper na mchezaji wa kati wa mkono wa kulia. Anachukuliwa kama mmoja wa wapigaji wa mpira wa kasi bora katika kriketi ya kisasa.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/48983890|title=England men win first Cricket World Cup|work=BBC Sport |access-date=15 July 2019|archive-date=15 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715181544/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/48983890|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/61994862|title=Jos Buttler named England white-ball captain after Eoin Morgan retirement|work=BBC Sport |access-date=30 June 2022}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/63613694|title=T20 World Cup: England beat Pakistan to win pulsating final in Melbourne|work=BBC|access-date=13 November 2022|date=13 November 2022}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Jos Buttler alizaliwa tarehe 8 Septemba 1990 huko Taunton, Somerset. Alikulia katika familia ya wapenzi wa kriketi. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Somerset. Alihitimu kutoka Shule ya King's College huko Taunton.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2018/08/21/cant-underestimate-feeling-jos-buttlers-maiden-test-century/|title='You can't underestimate that feeling' – Jos Buttler's maiden Test century shows he can be heart of England's team|last=Wigmore|first=Tim|date=21 August 2018|work=The Telegraph|access-date=2 September 2019|language=en-GB|issn=0307-1235|archive-date=2 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902143904/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2018/08/21/cant-underestimate-feeling-jos-buttlers-maiden-test-century/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Kazi ya Kriketi == Buttler alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya daraja la kwanza kwa Somerset mwaka [[2009]]. Alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya ODI kwa [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[2011]] dhidi ya Pakistan na T20I mwaka huo huo. Alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya Test mwaka [[2014]] dhidi ya [[India]]. Alikuwa sehemu ya timu iliyoshinda Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la ODI mwaka [[2019]]. Mwaka [[2022]], aliteuliwa kuwa nahodha wa timu ya ODI na T20I ya [[Uingereza]] baada ya kustaafu kwa Eoin Morgan. Aliongoza timu kushinda Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la T20 mwaka [[2022]] huko Australia. Mwaka [[2025]], alijiuzulu kutoka wadhifa wa nahodha wa white-ball baada ya kushindwa katika Kombe la Champions Trophy. Ameshinda tuzo nyingi, ikiwa ni pamoja na mchezaji bora wa kriketi wa mwaka wa ICC<ref>{{cite book |last=Henderson |first=Douglas |editor1-first=Scyld |editor1-last=Berry |title=Wisden Cricketer's Almanack 2007 |edition=144 |year=2007 |publisher=John Wisden & Co. Ltd. |location=[[Alton, Hampshire]] |isbn=978-1-905625-02-4 |page=1020 |chapter=Schools Cricket, 2006}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] jkx10kupkqe3hvs5e4orui3et7niqoc 0 253790 1606286 2026-10-08T14:39:45Z Riccardo Riccioni 452 Riccardo Riccioni alihamisha ukurasa wa [[Kelly Curtis (skeleton racer)]] hadi [[Kelly Curtis (mwanaskeletoni)]]: jina la Kiswahili 1606286 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Kelly Curtis (mwanaskeletoni)]] n8r211qlda2p0q4jqmdul0mn8scut3n 0 253791 1606288 2026-10-08T14:41:00Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Adil Usman Rashid''' (alizaliwa [[17 Februari]] [[1988]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Bradford]], Yorkshire, Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchapaji wa leg-spin wa mkono wa kulia na mchezaji wa chini wa mkono wa kulia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/cricket/england-cricket-world-cup-player-ratings-how-every-star-fared-on-the-road-to-glory-a4189706.html |title=England Cricket World Cup player ratings: How e...' 1606288 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Adil Usman Rashid''' (alizaliwa [[17 Februari]] [[1988]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Bradford]], Yorkshire, Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchapaji wa leg-spin wa mkono wa kulia na mchezaji wa chini wa mkono wa kulia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/cricket/england-cricket-world-cup-player-ratings-how-every-star-fared-on-the-road-to-glory-a4189706.html |title=England Cricket World Cup player ratings: How every star fared on the road to glory |work=Evening Standard |access-date=15 July 2019|date=15 July 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=2;id=1;type=team|title=Records. England. One-Day Internationals. Most wickets |work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/bowling/most_wickets_career.html?class=3;id=1;type=team|title=Records. England. Twenty20 Internationals. Most wickets |work=ESPNcricinfo|access-date=23 September 2022}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Adil Rashid alizaliwa tarehe 17 Februari 1988 huko Bradford, Yorkshire. Alikulia katika familia ya wapenzi wa kriketi. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Yorkshire. == Kazi ya Kriketi == Rashid alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya ODI kwa [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[2009]] dhidi ya Ireland. Alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya Test mwaka [[2015]] dhidi ya Pakistan. Alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya Uingereza iliyoshinda Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la ODI mwaka [[2019]]. Mwaka [[2025]], alikua mchezaji wa tisa wa Uingereza kufikia mechi 150 za ODI. Alishinda Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la T20 mwaka [[2022]].<ref name="Spinning into the spotlight">{{cite web |url=http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/england/content/story/256072.html |title=Spinning into the spotlight |access-date=12 May 2007 |last=McGlashan |first=Andrew |date=9 August 2006 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] tsrb6k99n6btr4izvomhh7sh9zarl65 0 253792 1606303 2026-10-08T15:29:57Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Benjamin Matthew Duckett''' (alizaliwa [[17 Oktoba]] [[1994]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Farnborough, [[Kent]], Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati wa mkono wa kushoto.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Martin |first1=Ali |title=Ben Duckett: 'It's amazing what you can do when you take away the fear of failure' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jul/15/ben-duckett-cricket-the-ashes-england-australia |access-date=9 Oct...' 1606303 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Benjamin Matthew Duckett''' (alizaliwa [[17 Oktoba]] [[1994]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Farnborough, [[Kent]], Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati wa mkono wa kushoto.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Martin |first1=Ali |title=Ben Duckett: 'It's amazing what you can do when you take away the fear of failure' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2023/jul/15/ben-duckett-cricket-the-ashes-england-australia |access-date=9 October 2024 |work=Guardian |date=15 July 2023}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Ben Duckett alizaliwa tarehe 17 Oktoba 1994 huko Farnborough, Kent. Alikulia katika familia ya wapenzi wa kriketi. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Northamptonshire.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Winter|first1=Alex|title=Duckett desires more than accidental success|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/county-cricket-2016/content/story/998001.html|website=Cricinfo|access-date=20 April 2016}}</ref> == Kazi ya Kriketi == Duckett alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya Test kwa [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[2016]] dhidi ya Bangladesh. Alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya [[Uingereza]] iliyoshinda Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la ODI mwaka [[2019]]. Amekuwa mchezaji muhimu wa timu ya Test ya Uingereza katika miaka ya hivi karibuni. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha [[Uingereza]] kwa mashindano ya ODI tri-series dhidi ya [[Pakistani]] na [[Sri Lanka]] .<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wilson|first1=Dean|title=England rookie Ben Duckett lands unprecedented PCA awards double|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/cricket/england-rookie-ben-duckett-lands-8937048|website=Daily Mirror|access-date=29 September 2016|date=28 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thecricketer.com/Topics/domestic/duckett_joins_notts_on_loan_ahead_of_three-year_deal.html|title=Duckett joins Notts on loan ahead of three-year deal|publisher=The Cricketer|accessdate=5 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/england-batsman-ben-duckett-signs-nottinghamshire|title=Ben Duckett joins Nottinghamshire|date=31 August 2018 |publisher=Wisden|accessdate=5 July 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.trentbridge.co.uk/news/2018/august/nottinghamshire-sign-ben-duckett-on-three-year-contract.html|title=NOTTINGHAMSHIRE SIGN BEN DUCKETT ON THREE-YEAR CONTRACT |publisher=Nottinghamshire County Cricket Club|accessdate=5 July 2024}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1994]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] plpy3lvgqc4lvihilmdhlnl3aue6n1w 0 253793 1606304 2026-10-08T15:37:51Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Samuel Matthew Curran''' (alizaliwa [[3 Juni]] [[1998]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Northampton]], Northamptonshire, Uingereza. Anacheza kama all-rounder wa mkono wa kushoto na mchapaji wa kasi wa wastani wa mkono wa kushoto<ref>{{cite web |title=Sam Curran |url=https://www.kiaoval.com/our-squad/sam-curran/ |website=Surrey CCC |access-date=24 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/65889468|...' 1606304 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel Matthew Curran''' (alizaliwa [[3 Juni]] [[1998]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Northampton]], Northamptonshire, Uingereza. Anacheza kama all-rounder wa mkono wa kushoto na mchapaji wa kasi wa wastani wa mkono wa kushoto<ref>{{cite web |title=Sam Curran |url=https://www.kiaoval.com/our-squad/sam-curran/ |website=Surrey CCC |access-date=24 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/65889468|title=King's Birthday Honours: Sarah Hunter and Ian Wright among those included|publisher=BBC Sport|date=17 June 2023|access-date=20 June 2023}}</ref>. == Maisha ya Awali == Sam Curran alizaliwa tarehe 3 Juni 1998 huko Northampton, Northamptonshire. Alikulia katika familia ya wapenzi wa kriketi, na baba yake alikuwa mchezaji wa kriketi wa klabu. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Surrey. == Kazi ya Kriketi == Curran alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya Test kwa [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[2018]] dhidi ya Pakistan. Alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya Uingereza iliyoshinda Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la ODI mwaka [[2019]]. Alishinda tuzo ya Player of the Match katika fainali ya Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la T20 mwaka [[2022]]. Mwaka [[2026]], alirudi kwenye kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya ODI tri-series dhidi ya Pakistan na Sri Lanka baada ya jeraha la groin<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-08 |title=Sam Curran: I Was 'Gutted' About Not Being Picked For Sri Lanka Tests After Stokes' Injury {{!}} England Cricket News |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/sam-curran-i-was-gutted-about-not-being-picked-for-sri-lanka-tests-after-stokes-injury |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Wisden |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Wigmore |first=Tim |date=2024-11-05 |title=Sam Curran: I want my brother Ben to play for Zimbabwe – and face him with England |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2024/11/05/sam-curran-brother-zimbabwe-face-england/#:~:text=But%20Curran%20reiterated%20his%20desire,for%20England%20in%20all%20formats.%E2%80%9D |access-date=2024-12-11 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 1u14jtas1d9x1huouuygbcmvclj033d 1606322 1606304 2026-10-08T16:37:43Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1606322 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Samuel Matthew Curran''' (alizaliwa [[3 Juni]] [[1998]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Northampton]], Northamptonshire, Uingereza. Anacheza kama all-rounder wa mkono wa kushoto na mchapaji wa kasi wa wastani wa mkono wa kushoto<ref>{{cite web |title=Sam Curran |url=https://www.kiaoval.com/our-squad/sam-curran/ |website=Surrey CCC |access-date=24 February 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/65889468|title=King's Birthday Honours: Sarah Hunter and Ian Wright among those included|publisher=BBC Sport|date=17 June 2023|access-date=20 June 2023}}</ref>. == Maisha ya Awali == Sam Curran alizaliwa tarehe 3 Juni 1998 huko Northampton, Northamptonshire. Alikulia katika familia ya wapenzi wa kriketi, na baba yake alikuwa mchezaji wa kriketi wa klabu. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Surrey. == Kazi ya Kriketi == Curran alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya Test kwa [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[2018]] dhidi ya Pakistan. Alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya Uingereza iliyoshinda Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la ODI mwaka [[2019]]. Alishinda tuzo ya Player of the Match katika fainali ya Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la T20 mwaka [[2022]]. Mwaka [[2026]], alirudi kwenye kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya ODI tri-series dhidi ya Pakistan na Sri Lanka baada ya jeraha la groin<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2024-10-08 |title=Sam Curran: I Was 'Gutted' About Not Being Picked For Sri Lanka Tests After Stokes' Injury {{!}} England Cricket News |url=https://www.wisden.com/cricket-news/sam-curran-i-was-gutted-about-not-being-picked-for-sri-lanka-tests-after-stokes-injury |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=Wisden |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea habari |last=Wigmore |first=Tim |date=2024-11-05 |title=Sam Curran: I want my brother Ben to play for Zimbabwe – and face him with England |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2024/11/05/sam-curran-brother-zimbabwe-face-england/#:~:text=But%20Curran%20reiterated%20his%20desire,for%20England%20in%20all%20formats.%E2%80%9D |access-date=2024-12-11 |work=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] cmx5pa5tyvbef31esrsabchtfh5vnk2 0 253794 1606306 2026-10-08T15:54:43Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Liam Andrew Dawson''' (alizaliwa [[1 Machi]] [[1990]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Swindon]], Wiltshire, Uingereza. Anacheza kama all-rounder wa mkono wa kushoto na mchapaji wa slow left-arm orthodox.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/115/115371.html Malaysia Under-19s v England Under-19s, Tri-Series 2006/07, Scorecard], CricketArchive, Retrieved on 22 January 2008</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tig...' 1606306 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Liam Andrew Dawson''' (alizaliwa [[1 Machi]] [[1990]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Swindon]], Wiltshire, Uingereza. Anacheza kama all-rounder wa mkono wa kushoto na mchapaji wa slow left-arm orthodox.<ref>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/115/115371.html Malaysia Under-19s v England Under-19s, Tri-Series 2006/07, Scorecard], CricketArchive, Retrieved on 22 January 2008</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tigercricket.com.bd/2018/10/29/full-players-list-of-the-teams-following-players-draft-of-bpl-t20-2018-19/ |title=Full players list of the teams following Players Draft of BPL T20 2018-19 |work=Bangladesh Cricket Board |access-date=29 October 2018}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Liam Dawson alizaliwa tarehe 1 Machi 1990 huko Swindon, Wiltshire. Alikulia katika familia ya wapenzi wa kriketi. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Hampshire<ref>{{cite web |title=Historic Dawson feat leads Hampshire to crushing win over Middlesex |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/county-championship-division-one-2023-1347099/hampshire-vs-middlesex-1347239/match-report-3 |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2 October 2024 |date=27 June 2023}}</ref>. == Kazi ya Kriketi == Dawson alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya ODI kwa [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[2016]] dhidi ya Sri Lanka. Alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya Uingereza iliyoshinda Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la ODI mwaka [[2019]]. Amekuwa mchezaji muhimu wa timu ya Uingereza katika miaka ya hivi karibuni. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha [[Uingereza]] kwa mashindano ya ODI tri-series dhidi ya [[Pakistani]] na [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Dawson seven-for demolishes Warwickshire as Hampshire reach Metro Bank final |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/one-day-cup-2023-1347398/warwickshire-vs-hampshire-1st-semi-final-1347565/match-report |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2 October 2024 |date=29 August 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 October 2024 |title=Bryce and Dawson win cinch PCA Awards |url=https://www.thepca.co.uk/press-release/bryce-and-dawson-win-cinch-pca-awards/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241002044341/https://www.thepca.co.uk/press-release/bryce-and-dawson-win-cinch-pca-awards/ |archive-date=2 October 2024 |location=London |publisher=[[Professional Cricketers' Association]] |access-date=6 October 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 October 2024 |title=Dawson and Scotland captain Bryce win PCA awards |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/articles/c4g02mx1elgo |website=BBC Sport |location=London |access-date=2 October 2024}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] rdhfayamlkpaxjbjmkxmg7fbh08yu5k 0 253795 1606307 2026-10-08T15:57:59Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''William George Jacks''' (alizaliwa [[21 Novemba]] [[1998]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Chertsey, Surrey, Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati wa mkono wa kulia na mchapaji wa off-spin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/t20-world-cup-2026-if-you-had-one-shot-one-opportunity-will-jacks-turns-spin-shady-1524586|title=If you had one shot, one opportunity: Will Jacks turns spin shady|work=ESPN Cricinfo...' 1606307 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William George Jacks''' (alizaliwa [[21 Novemba]] [[1998]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Chertsey, Surrey, Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati wa mkono wa kulia na mchapaji wa off-spin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/t20-world-cup-2026-if-you-had-one-shot-one-opportunity-will-jacks-turns-spin-shady-1524586|title=If you had one shot, one opportunity: Will Jacks turns spin shady|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=31 August 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kiaoval.com/main-news/jacks-becomes-first-recipient-of-debut-cap/|title=Jacks Becomes First Recipient Of Debut Cap - Kia Oval|website=www.kiaoval.com|language=en-GB|access-date=21 May 2018|archive-date=6 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706192604/https://www.kiaoval.com/main-news/jacks-becomes-first-recipient-of-debut-cap/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Will Jacks alizaliwa tarehe 21 Novemba 1998 huko Chertsey, Surrey. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Surrey.<ref name="LA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8335/game/1127767/surrey-vs-somerset-south-group-royal-london-one-day-cup-2018/ |title=South Group, Royal London One-Day Cup at London, May 18 2018 |access-date=18 May 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo|date=18 May 2018 }}</ref> == Kazi ya Kriketi == Jacks alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya ODI kwa Uingereza mwaka [[2023]] dhidi ya Ireland. Alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya Uingereza iliyoshinda Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la T20 mwaka [[2022]]. Amekuwa mchezaji muhimu wa timu ya Uingereza katika miaka ya hivi karibuni. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya ODI tri-series dhidi ya [[Pakistani]] na [[Sri Lanka]]<ref name="U19">{{cite web|url=https://www.ecb.co.uk/news/536332/england-under-19-world-cup-squad-announced |title=Brook tasked with World Cup mood swing |access-date=11 December 2017 |work=England and Wales Cricket Board}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] bvegi9jcj3lw0ez7b61ejuy58hds5ny 1606336 1606307 2026-10-08T17:25:53Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1606336 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William George Jacks''' (alizaliwa [[21 Novemba]] [[1998]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Chertsey, Surrey, Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati wa mkono wa kulia na mchapaji wa off-spin.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/t20-world-cup-2026-if-you-had-one-shot-one-opportunity-will-jacks-turns-spin-shady-1524586|title=If you had one shot, one opportunity: Will Jacks turns spin shady|work=ESPN Cricinfo|access-date=31 August 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti|url=https://www.kiaoval.com/main-news/jacks-becomes-first-recipient-of-debut-cap/|title=Jacks Becomes First Recipient Of Debut Cap - Kia Oval|website=www.kiaoval.com|language=en-GB|access-date=21 May 2018|archive-date=6 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180706192604/https://www.kiaoval.com/main-news/jacks-becomes-first-recipient-of-debut-cap/|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Will Jacks alizaliwa tarehe 21 Novemba 1998 huko Chertsey, Surrey. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Surrey.<ref name="LA">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8335/game/1127767/surrey-vs-somerset-south-group-royal-london-one-day-cup-2018/ |title=South Group, Royal London One-Day Cup at London, May 18 2018 |access-date=18 May 2018 |work=ESPN Cricinfo|date=18 May 2018 }}</ref> == Kazi ya Kriketi == Jacks alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya ODI kwa Uingereza mwaka [[2023]] dhidi ya Ireland. Alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya Uingereza iliyoshinda Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la T20 mwaka [[2022]]. Amekuwa mchezaji muhimu wa timu ya Uingereza katika miaka ya hivi karibuni. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya ODI tri-series dhidi ya [[Pakistani]] na [[Sri Lanka]]<ref name="U19">{{cite web|url=https://www.ecb.co.uk/news/536332/england-under-19-world-cup-squad-announced |title=Brook tasked with World Cup mood swing |access-date=11 December 2017 |work=England and Wales Cricket Board}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 10h2ycgvme18g95a2rbx2lcg51ehxf3 0 253796 1606308 2026-10-08T16:01:37Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Philip Dean Salt''' (alizaliwa [[28 Agosti]] [[1996]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Bodelwyddan, [[Welisi]], lakini alikulia [[Manchester]], Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati wa mkono wa kulia na wicket-keeper.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wigmore |first1=Tim |title=The incredible bulk: Phil Salt's added weight driving career-best form |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2022/08/18/kagiso-rabada-proves-limits-what-re...' 1606308 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philip Dean Salt''' (alizaliwa [[28 Agosti]] [[1996]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Bodelwyddan, [[Welisi]], lakini alikulia [[Manchester]], Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati wa mkono wa kulia na wicket-keeper.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wigmore |first1=Tim |title=The incredible bulk: Phil Salt's added weight driving career-best form |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2022/08/18/kagiso-rabada-proves-limits-what-records-can-set/ |access-date=27 April 2024 |work=The Telegraph |date=21 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://worldtimes24.com/wright-charged-with-rousing-sussex-spirits/|title=Wright charged with rousing Sussex spirits|first=Samshad|last=Sattar|work=World Times 24|access-date=10 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407080336/http://worldtimes24.com/wright-charged-with-rousing-sussex-spirits/|archive-date=7 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1104/1104883/1104883.html |title=Philip Salt |website=CricketArchive |access-date=12 April 2016}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Phil Salt alizaliwa tarehe 28 Agosti 1996 huko Bodelwyddan, Wales. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Lancashire.<ref name=BBC1>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/53084487|title=England hopeful Salt opens up on Welsh roots|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Kazi ya Kriketi == Salt alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya T20I kwa Uingereza mwaka [[2022]] dhidi ya Pakistan. Alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya Uingereza iliyoshinda Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la T20 mwaka [[2022]]. Amekuwa mchezaji muhimu wa timu ya Uingereza katika miaka ya hivi karibuni. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya T20I dhidi ya [[India]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.getsurrey.co.uk/sport/other-sport/cricket/weybridge-ccs-premier-division-title-5861417|title=Weybridge CC's Premier Division title dream wrecked|first=Richard|last=Spiller|date=9 September 2013|work=getsurrey|access-date=10 April 2016}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] not1ob4ijhwu1w8p3y3mf6dyewugriv 1606309 1606308 2026-10-08T16:02:20Z Ally0111 85292 1606309 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philip Dean Salt''' (alizaliwa [[28 Agosti]] [[1996]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Bodelwyddan, [[Welisi]], lakini alikulia [[Manchester]], Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati wa mkono wa kulia na wicket-keeper.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wigmore |first1=Tim |title=The incredible bulk: Phil Salt's added weight driving career-best form |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2022/08/18/kagiso-rabada-proves-limits-what-records-can-set/ |access-date=27 April 2024 |work=The Telegraph |date=21 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://worldtimes24.com/wright-charged-with-rousing-sussex-spirits/|title=Wright charged with rousing Sussex spirits|first=Samshad|last=Sattar|work=World Times 24|access-date=10 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407080336/http://worldtimes24.com/wright-charged-with-rousing-sussex-spirits/|archive-date=7 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1104/1104883/1104883.html |title=Philip Salt |website=CricketArchive |access-date=12 April 2016}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Phil Salt alizaliwa tarehe 28 Agosti 1996 huko Bodelwyddan, Welisi. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Lancashire.<ref name=BBC1>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/53084487|title=England hopeful Salt opens up on Welsh roots|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Kazi ya Kriketi == Salt alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya T20I kwa Uingereza mwaka [[2022]] dhidi ya Pakistan. Alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya Uingereza iliyoshinda Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la T20 mwaka [[2022]]. Amekuwa mchezaji muhimu wa timu ya Uingereza katika miaka ya hivi karibuni. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya T20I dhidi ya [[India]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.getsurrey.co.uk/sport/other-sport/cricket/weybridge-ccs-premier-division-title-5861417|title=Weybridge CC's Premier Division title dream wrecked|first=Richard|last=Spiller|date=9 September 2013|work=getsurrey|access-date=10 April 2016}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qz8bgjcsas1endxs6ix9hkurjpwthgk 1606317 1606309 2026-10-08T16:21:48Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1606317 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philip Dean Salt''' (alizaliwa [[28 Agosti]] [[1996]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Bodelwyddan, [[Welisi]], lakini alikulia [[Manchester]], Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati wa mkono wa kulia na wicket-keeper.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Wigmore |first1=Tim |title=The incredible bulk: Phil Salt's added weight driving career-best form |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2022/08/18/kagiso-rabada-proves-limits-what-records-can-set/ |access-date=27 April 2024 |work=The Telegraph |date=21 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://worldtimes24.com/wright-charged-with-rousing-sussex-spirits/|title=Wright charged with rousing Sussex spirits|first=Samshad|last=Sattar|work=World Times 24|access-date=10 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407080336/http://worldtimes24.com/wright-charged-with-rousing-sussex-spirits/|archive-date=7 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1104/1104883/1104883.html |title=Philip Salt |website=CricketArchive |access-date=12 April 2016}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Phil Salt alizaliwa tarehe 28 Agosti 1996 huko Bodelwyddan, Welisi. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Lancashire.<ref name=BBC1>{{Rejea habari|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cricket/53084487|title=England hopeful Salt opens up on Welsh roots|work=BBC Sport}}</ref> == Kazi ya Kriketi == Salt alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya T20I kwa Uingereza mwaka [[2022]] dhidi ya Pakistan. Alikuwa sehemu ya timu ya Uingereza iliyoshinda Kombe la Dunia la Kriketi la T20 mwaka [[2022]]. Amekuwa mchezaji muhimu wa timu ya Uingereza katika miaka ya hivi karibuni. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya T20I dhidi ya [[India]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.getsurrey.co.uk/sport/other-sport/cricket/weybridge-ccs-premier-division-title-5861417|title=Weybridge CC's Premier Division title dream wrecked|first=Richard|last=Spiller|date=9 September 2013|work=getsurrey|access-date=10 April 2016}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1996]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ti7egv2ngfzx0h6adg6kmy64rom2x21 0 253797 1606310 2026-10-08T16:04:23Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Thomas Banton''' (alizaliwa [[11 Novemba]] [[1998]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Taunton]], [[Somerset]], Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati wa mkono wa kulia na mlinzi.<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/877051.html |title=Tom Banton |access-date=16 July 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thecricketmonthly.com/story/1224850/20-cricketers-for-the...' 1606310 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thomas Banton''' (alizaliwa [[11 Novemba]] [[1998]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Taunton]], [[Somerset]], Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati wa mkono wa kulia na mlinzi.<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/877051.html |title=Tom Banton |access-date=16 July 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thecricketmonthly.com/story/1224850/20-cricketers-for-the-2020s |title=20 cricketers for the 2020s |work=The Cricketer Monthly |access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Tom Banton alizaliwa tarehe 11 Novemba 1998 huko Taunton, Somerset. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Somerset. == Kazi ya Kriketi == Banton alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya T20I kwa Uingereza mwaka [[2019]] dhidi ya New Zealand. Amekuwa mchezaji muhimu wa timu ya Uingereza katika miaka ya hivi karibuni. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya ODI tri-series dhidi ya Pakistan na Sri Lanka<ref name="T20">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1068327.html |title=NatWest t20 Blast, South Group: Middlesex v Somerset at Uxbridge, Jul 16, 2017 |access-date=16 July 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref name="FC">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1127667.html |title=Specsavers County Championship Division One at Taunton, Sep 18-21 2018 |access-date=18 September 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 5olsk441k6i30yay5u1dddkcjb76wky 1606328 1606310 2026-10-08T17:02:22Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1606328 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thomas Banton''' (alizaliwa [[11 Novemba]] [[1998]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Taunton]], [[Somerset]], Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati wa mkono wa kulia na mlinzi.<ref name="Bio">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/877051.html |title=Tom Banton |access-date=16 July 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thecricketmonthly.com/story/1224850/20-cricketers-for-the-2020s |title=20 cricketers for the 2020s |work=The Cricketer Monthly |access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Tom Banton alizaliwa tarehe 11 Novemba 1998 huko Taunton, Somerset. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Somerset. == Kazi ya Kriketi == Banton alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya T20I kwa Uingereza mwaka [[2019]] dhidi ya New Zealand. Amekuwa mchezaji muhimu wa timu ya Uingereza katika miaka ya hivi karibuni. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya ODI tri-series dhidi ya Pakistan na Sri Lanka<ref name="T20">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1068327.html |title=NatWest t20 Blast, South Group: Middlesex v Somerset at Uxbridge, Jul 16, 2017 |access-date=16 July 2017 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref><ref name="FC">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1127667.html |title=Specsavers County Championship Division One at Taunton, Sep 18-21 2018 |access-date=18 September 2018 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ekdb5olo08h15q8ywjaqdqt6yzqlu0k 0 253798 1606312 2026-10-08T16:07:34Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jordan Matthew Cox''' (alizaliwa [[21 Oktoba]] [[2000]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Margate, Kent, Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati wa mkono wa kulia na mlinzi.<ref name=wis>[https://www.wisden.com/players/jordan-cox Jordan Cox], [[Wisden]]. Retrieved 27 April 2019.</ref><ref name=ci>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/1112537.html Jordan Cox], [[CricInfo]]. Retrieved 27 April 2019.</ref> == Mai...' 1606312 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jordan Matthew Cox''' (alizaliwa [[21 Oktoba]] [[2000]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Margate, Kent, Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati wa mkono wa kulia na mlinzi.<ref name=wis>[https://www.wisden.com/players/jordan-cox Jordan Cox], [[Wisden]]. Retrieved 27 April 2019.</ref><ref name=ci>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/england/content/player/1112537.html Jordan Cox], [[CricInfo]]. Retrieved 27 April 2019.</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Jordan Cox alizaliwa tarehe 21 Oktoba 2000 huko Margate, Kent. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Kent.<ref name=annual18p52>''Kent County Cricket Club Annual 2018'', p.52. Canterbury: [[Kent County Cricket Club]].</ref><ref name=kent>[http://www.kentcricket.co.uk/profile/jordan-cox/ Jordan Cox], [[Kent County Cricket Club]]. Retrieved 8 May 2019.</ref><ref name=ca>[https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/1876/1876958/1876958.html Jordan Cox], CricketArchive. Retrieved 27 April 2019.</ref><ref name=kc30aug16>[http://www.kentcricket.co.uk/news/academy-keeper-jordan-cox-takes-eight-catches-in-an-innings/ Academy keeper Jordan Cox takes eight catches in an innings], [[Kent County Cricket Club]], 30 August 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2019.</ref> == Kazi ya Kriketi == Cox alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya daraja la kwanza kwa Kent mwaka [[2019]]. Alijiunga na Essex mwaka [[2024]]. Amekuwa mchezaji muhimu wa timu ya Uingereza katika miaka ya hivi karibuni. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya ODI tri-series dhidi ya [[Pakistani]] na [[Sri Lanka]]<ref name=ci27apr19>[http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/18664/report/1169535/kent-vs-pakistan-tour-match-pakistan-in-eng-2019 Imad Wasim fires Pakistan to comprehensive win in opening tour game], [[CricInfo]], 27 April 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2019.</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2000]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] d3apnw2ztjr5vo8tqu0lwfp3edis9s4 0 253799 1606314 2026-10-08T16:12:14Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jamie Overton''' (alizaliwa [[10 Aprili]] [[1994]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Barnstaple, [[Devon]], Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchapaji wa kasi wa mkono wa kulia na mchezaji wa chini wa mkono wa kulia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/464626.html |title=Player Profile: Craig Overton |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |accessdate=5 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/eng...' 1606314 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jamie Overton''' (alizaliwa [[10 Aprili]] [[1994]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Barnstaple, [[Devon]], Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchapaji wa kasi wa mkono wa kulia na mchezaji wa chini wa mkono wa kulia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/464626.html |title=Player Profile: Craig Overton |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |accessdate=5 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/542721.html |title=CB40 Group B, Surrey v Somerset at London, May 4, 2012 |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |accessdate=5 May 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/510530.html |title=Player Profile: Jamie Overton |publisher=[[Cricinfo]] |accessdate=27 April 2012}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Jamie Overton alizaliwa tarehe 10 Aprili 1994 huko Barnstaple, Devon. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Somerset. == Kazi ya Kriketi == Overton alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya Test kwa Uingereza mwaka [[2022]] dhidi ya New Zealand. Amekuwa mchezaji muhimu wa timu ya [[Uingereza]] katika miaka ya hivi karibuni. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya ODI tri-series dhidi ya [[Pakistani]] na [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/icc-under19-world-cup-2012/content/story/576977.html |title=Competitive Overton twins put in creditable show |publisher=ESPNcricinfo |accessdate=12 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mj9oNQe9wUk |title=Jamie Overton, Wicket Maiden |publisher=YouTube |accessdate=12 August 2012}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1994]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] p063wg3ppa637ic3ka38xe5ihfzna6n 0 253800 1606315 2026-10-08T16:15:33Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Joshua Charles Tongue''' (alizaliwa [[12 Machi]] [[1997]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Worcester]],Worcestershire, Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchapaji wa kasi wa mkono wa kulia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/946775.html |title=Marylebone Cricket Club University Matches, Oxford MCCU v Worcestershire at Oxford, 31 March – 2 April 2016 |work=[[Cricinfo]] |publisher=[[ESPN]] |accessdate=3 Ap...' 1606315 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joshua Charles Tongue''' (alizaliwa [[12 Machi]] [[1997]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Worcester]],Worcestershire, Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchapaji wa kasi wa mkono wa kulia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/946775.html |title=Marylebone Cricket Club University Matches, Oxford MCCU v Worcestershire at Oxford, 31 March – 2 April 2016 |work=[[Cricinfo]] |publisher=[[ESPN]] |accessdate=3 April 2016 }}</ref><ref name="LA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1068459.html |title=Royal London One-Day Cup, North Group: Worcestershire v Yorkshire at Worcester, May 5, 2017 |accessdate=5 May 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Josh Tongue alizaliwa tarehe 12 Machi 1997 huko Worcester, Worcestershire. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Worcestershire. == Kazi ya Kriketi == Tongue alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya Test kwa Uingereza mwaka [[2023]] dhidi ya [[Eire]]. Alichukua wickets tano katika innings ya kwanza ya Test yake ya pili dhidi ya [[Australia]] katika Ashes ya [[2023]]. Amekuwa mchezaji muhimu wa timu ya Uingereza. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya ODI tri-series dhidi ya [[Pakistani]] na [[Sri Lanka]]<ref>Josh Tongue added to England men’s test squad (2023) English Cricket Board. Available at: https://www.ecb.co.uk/england/men/news/3486039/josh-tongue-added-to-england-mens-test-squad (Accessed: 30 May 2023).</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1997]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] qf1ke6gjs55tw37mmudl1qoosdmzspo 1606386 1606315 2026-10-09T00:55:46Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1606386 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joshua Charles Tongue''' (alizaliwa [[12 Machi]] [[1997]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Worcester]],Worcestershire, Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchapaji wa kasi wa mkono wa kulia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/946775.html |title=Marylebone Cricket Club University Matches, Oxford MCCU v Worcestershire at Oxford, 31 March – 2 April 2016 |work=[[Cricinfo]] |publisher=[[ESPN]] |accessdate=3 April 2016 }}</ref><ref name="LA">{{Rejea tovuti|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1068459.html |title=Royal London One-Day Cup, North Group: Worcestershire v Yorkshire at Worcester, May 5, 2017 |accessdate=5 May 2017 |work=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Josh Tongue alizaliwa tarehe 12 Machi 1997 huko Worcester, Worcestershire. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Worcestershire. == Kazi ya Kriketi == Tongue alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya Test kwa Uingereza mwaka [[2023]] dhidi ya [[Eire]]. Alichukua wickets tano katika innings ya kwanza ya Test yake ya pili dhidi ya [[Australia]] katika Ashes ya [[2023]]. Amekuwa mchezaji muhimu wa timu ya Uingereza. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya ODI tri-series dhidi ya [[Pakistani]] na [[Sri Lanka]]<ref>Josh Tongue added to England men’s test squad (2023) English Cricket Board. Available at: https://www.ecb.co.uk/england/men/news/3486039/josh-tongue-added-to-england-mens-test-squad (Accessed: 30 May 2023).</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1997]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] byj9gylr5gl76s5tnzidmf625lkantm 0 253801 1606316 2026-10-08T16:19:14Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rehan Ahmed''' (alizaliwa [[13 Agosti]] [[2004]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Nottingham]], [[Nottinghamshire]], Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchapaji wa leg-spin wa mkono wa kulia na mchezaji wa chini wa mkono wa kulia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1263691.html |title=Rehan Ahmed |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=22 July 2021}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web |title=BAN vs ENG: Rehan Ahmed Becomes...' 1606316 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rehan Ahmed''' (alizaliwa [[13 Agosti]] [[2004]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Nottingham]], [[Nottinghamshire]], Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchapaji wa leg-spin wa mkono wa kulia na mchezaji wa chini wa mkono wa kulia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1263691.html |title=Rehan Ahmed |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=22 July 2021}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web |title=BAN vs ENG: Rehan Ahmed Becomes The Youngest England Player To Play In All Three Formats |url=https://cricketaddictor.com/cricket-news/ban-vs-eng-rehan-ahmed-becomes-the-youngest-england-player-to-play-in-all-three-formats/ |access-date=12 March 2023 |work=Cricket Addictor|date=12 March 2023 }}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Rehan Ahmed alizaliwa tarehe 13 Agosti 2004 huko Nottingham, Nottinghamshire. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Leicestershire<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnston |first=Rob |title=Rehan Ahmed - The shadow batter in spotlight |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/120734/rehan-ahmed-the-shadow-batter-in-spotlight-cricbuzzcom |access-date=29 September 2022 |website=[[Cricbuzz]] |quote=His father, Naeem, played good level cricket in Pakistan as a fast-bowling all-rounder before moving to England and Ahmed initially tried to emulate his Dad by bowling seam.}}</ref> == Kazi ya Kriketi == Ahmed alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya Test kwa Uingereza mwaka [[2022]] dhidi ya [[Pakistani]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 18, akichukua wickets tano katika innings ya pili. Alikua mchezaji mdogo zaidi wa Uingereza kuchukua wickets tano katika Test. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya T20I dhidi ya [[India]] <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1250167.html |title=Group 1, Leicester, Jul 25 2021, Royal London One-Day Cup |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=25 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/james-bracey-haseeb-hameed-in-county-select-xi-to-face-india-1269831 |title=James Bracey, Haseeb Hameed in County Select XI to face India |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=25 July 2021}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2004]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 5x3zvk8qhzyrhf8btmyjy944enc095b 1606320 1606316 2026-10-08T16:29:29Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1606320 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rehan Ahmed''' (alizaliwa [[13 Agosti]] [[2004]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Nottingham]], [[Nottinghamshire]], Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchapaji wa leg-spin wa mkono wa kulia na mchezaji wa chini wa mkono wa kulia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1263691.html |title=Rehan Ahmed |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=22 July 2021}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web |title=BAN vs ENG: Rehan Ahmed Becomes The Youngest England Player To Play In All Three Formats |url=https://cricketaddictor.com/cricket-news/ban-vs-eng-rehan-ahmed-becomes-the-youngest-england-player-to-play-in-all-three-formats/ |access-date=12 March 2023 |work=Cricket Addictor|date=12 March 2023 }}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Rehan Ahmed alizaliwa tarehe 13 Agosti 2004 huko Nottingham, Nottinghamshire. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Leicestershire<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Johnston |first=Rob |title=Rehan Ahmed - The shadow batter in spotlight |url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/cricket-news/120734/rehan-ahmed-the-shadow-batter-in-spotlight-cricbuzzcom |access-date=29 September 2022 |website=[[Cricbuzz]] |quote=His father, Naeem, played good level cricket in Pakistan as a fast-bowling all-rounder before moving to England and Ahmed initially tried to emulate his Dad by bowling seam.}}</ref> == Kazi ya Kriketi == Ahmed alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya Test kwa Uingereza mwaka [[2022]] dhidi ya [[Pakistani]] akiwa na umri wa miaka 18, akichukua wickets tano katika innings ya pili. Alikua mchezaji mdogo zaidi wa Uingereza kuchukua wickets tano katika Test. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya T20I dhidi ya [[India]] <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1250167.html |title=Group 1, Leicester, Jul 25 2021, Royal London One-Day Cup |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=25 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/james-bracey-haseeb-hameed-in-county-select-xi-to-face-india-1269831 |title=James Bracey, Haseeb Hameed in County Select XI to face India |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=25 July 2021}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2004]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2ewgd7v460dc344q3qpth322ymoln62 0 253802 1606318 2026-10-08T16:23:37Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jacob Graham Bethell''' (alizaliwa [[23 Oktoba]] [[2003]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Bridgetown]], Barbadosi. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati wa mkono wa kushoto na mchapaji wa matumizi ya mkono wa kushoto. == Maisha ya Awali == Jacob Bethell alizaliwa tarehe 23 Oktoba 2003 huko Bridgetown, [[Barbadosi]]. Alihamia [[Uingereza]] akiwa na umri mdogo na alikulia Warwickshire. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na...' 1606318 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacob Graham Bethell''' (alizaliwa [[23 Oktoba]] [[2003]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Bridgetown]], Barbadosi. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati wa mkono wa kushoto na mchapaji wa matumizi ya mkono wa kushoto. == Maisha ya Awali == Jacob Bethell alizaliwa tarehe 23 Oktoba 2003 huko Bridgetown, [[Barbadosi]]. Alihamia [[Uingereza]] akiwa na umri mdogo na alikulia Warwickshire. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Warwickshire. == Kazi ya Kriketi == Bethell alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya Test kwa Uingereza mwaka [[2024]] dhidi ya [[Nyuzilandi]]. Alifunga karne yake ya kwanza ya Test katika Test yake ya tatu. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya T20I dhidi ya [[India]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wigmore |first=Tim |date=14 November 2024 |title=Why England coaches are calling Jacob Bethell the country's best fielder |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2024/11/14/england-coaches-calling-jacob-bethell-england-best-fielder/ |website=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |language=English |access-date=7 September 2025 |url-access=subscription |quote="This initial disadvantage forced Bethell to hone his athleticism, before his reach increased; at 5ft 10in, he is of average height." }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jacob Bethell |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1194959.html |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=11 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-08-16 |title=Jacob Bethell named England's youngest ever captain, set to lead side in Ireland T20Is |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/youngest-cricket-captains-world-jacob-bethell-2772011-2025-08-16 |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dobell |first=George |date=6 April 2021 |title=Essex the team to beat once again – Warwickshire |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/county-championship-group-one-preview-essex-the-team-to-beat-once-again-1257903 |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=20 June 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2003]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 2x9x976x618zbdjpefrsmwntggix4ig 1606385 1606318 2026-10-09T00:37:44Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 2 template(s) replaced. 1606385 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacob Graham Bethell''' (alizaliwa [[23 Oktoba]] [[2003]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Bridgetown]], Barbadosi. Anacheza kama mchezaji wa kati wa mkono wa kushoto na mchapaji wa matumizi ya mkono wa kushoto. == Maisha ya Awali == Jacob Bethell alizaliwa tarehe 23 Oktoba 2003 huko Bridgetown, [[Barbadosi]]. Alihamia [[Uingereza]] akiwa na umri mdogo na alikulia Warwickshire. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Warwickshire. == Kazi ya Kriketi == Bethell alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya Test kwa Uingereza mwaka [[2024]] dhidi ya [[Nyuzilandi]]. Alifunga karne yake ya kwanza ya Test katika Test yake ya tatu. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya T20I dhidi ya [[India]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |last=Wigmore |first=Tim |date=14 November 2024 |title=Why England coaches are calling Jacob Bethell the country's best fielder |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/cricket/2024/11/14/england-coaches-calling-jacob-bethell-england-best-fielder/ |website=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |language=English |access-date=7 September 2025 |url-access=subscription |quote="This initial disadvantage forced Bethell to hone his athleticism, before his reach increased; at 5ft 10in, he is of average height." }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Jacob Bethell |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1194959.html |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=11 September 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=2025-08-16 |title=Jacob Bethell named England's youngest ever captain, set to lead side in Ireland T20Is |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/sports/cricket/story/youngest-cricket-captains-world-jacob-bethell-2772011-2025-08-16 |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=India Today |language=en}}</ref>.<ref>{{cite web |last=Dobell |first=George |date=6 April 2021 |title=Essex the team to beat once again – Warwickshire |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/county-championship-group-one-preview-essex-the-team-to-beat-once-again-1257903 |website=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=20 June 2021}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2003]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 0svidw3az3yx3w3hnd0jhis2m1okuqa 0 253803 1606319 2026-10-08T16:26:32Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Saqib Mahmood''' (alizaliwa [[25 Februari]] [[1997]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Birmingham]], [[West Midlands]], Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchapaji wa kasi wa mkono wa kulia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Saqib Mahmood |url=https://cricket.lancashirecricket.co.uk/teams/men-s-first-xi/saqib-mahmood |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251011151951/https://cricket.lancashirecricket.co.uk/teams/men-s-first-xi/saqib-mahmood |...' 1606319 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saqib Mahmood''' (alizaliwa [[25 Februari]] [[1997]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Birmingham]], [[West Midlands]], Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchapaji wa kasi wa mkono wa kulia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Saqib Mahmood |url=https://cricket.lancashirecricket.co.uk/teams/men-s-first-xi/saqib-mahmood |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251011151951/https://cricket.lancashirecricket.co.uk/teams/men-s-first-xi/saqib-mahmood |archive-date=11 October 2025 |url-status=dead |website=[[Lancashire County Cricket Club]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=12 November 2020 |title=Zalmi's Saqib eager to do his best |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/742483-zalmi-s-saqib-eager-to-do-his-best |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250206124951/https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/742483-zalmi-s-saqib-eager-to-do-his-best |archive-date=6 February 2025 |website=[[The News International]] |quote=I am from Attock.}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Saqib Mahmood alizaliwa tarehe 25 Februari 1997 huko Birmingham, West Midlands. Alikulia katika familia ya wapenzi wa kriketi. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Lancashire. == Kazi ya Kriketi == Mahmood alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya ODI kwa Uingereza mwaka [[2020]] dhidi ya [[Eire]]. Alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya Test mwaka [[2021]] dhidi ya India. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya T20I dhidi ya [[India]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8335/report/1167089/lancashire-vs-leicestershire-north-group-royal-london-one-day-cup |title=Saqib Mahmood on a roll with five-for as Lancashire skittle Leicestershire |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=28 April 2019}}</ref> . == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1997]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] su9o12a3qm8g0sqkd026zccmlv0wyo6 1606323 1606319 2026-10-08T16:39:27Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1606323 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Saqib Mahmood''' (alizaliwa [[25 Februari]] [[1997]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa [[Birmingham]], [[West Midlands]], Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchapaji wa kasi wa mkono wa kulia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Saqib Mahmood |url=https://cricket.lancashirecricket.co.uk/teams/men-s-first-xi/saqib-mahmood |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251011151951/https://cricket.lancashirecricket.co.uk/teams/men-s-first-xi/saqib-mahmood |archive-date=11 October 2025 |url-status=dead |website=[[Lancashire County Cricket Club]]}}</ref><ref>{{Rejea tovuti |date=12 November 2020 |title=Zalmi's Saqib eager to do his best |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/742483-zalmi-s-saqib-eager-to-do-his-best |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250206124951/https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/742483-zalmi-s-saqib-eager-to-do-his-best |archive-date=6 February 2025 |website=[[The News International]] |quote=I am from Attock.}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Saqib Mahmood alizaliwa tarehe 25 Februari 1997 huko Birmingham, West Midlands. Alikulia katika familia ya wapenzi wa kriketi. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Lancashire. == Kazi ya Kriketi == Mahmood alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya ODI kwa Uingereza mwaka [[2020]] dhidi ya [[Eire]]. Alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya Test mwaka [[2021]] dhidi ya India. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya T20I dhidi ya [[India]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8335/report/1167089/lancashire-vs-leicestershire-north-group-royal-london-one-day-cup |title=Saqib Mahmood on a roll with five-for as Lancashire skittle Leicestershire |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=28 April 2019}}</ref> . == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1997]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] irg22fm10s73sh46nzbq8ee28xngkq6 0 253804 1606330 2026-10-08T17:11:17Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Luke Wood''' (alizaliwa [[2 Agosti]] [[1995]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Worksop, Nottinghamshire, Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchapaji wa kasi wa mkono wa kushoto. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/60477088 |title=The Hundred 2022: latest squads as Draft picks revealed |work=BBC Sport |access-date=5 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/netherlands-vs-england-2022-s...' 1606330 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luke Wood''' (alizaliwa [[2 Agosti]] [[1995]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Worksop, Nottinghamshire, Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchapaji wa kasi wa mkono wa kushoto. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/60477088 |title=The Hundred 2022: latest squads as Draft picks revealed |work=BBC Sport |access-date=5 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/netherlands-vs-england-2022-sam-billings-overlooked-as-england-name-strong-squad-for-netherlands-odis-1317714 |title=Sam Billings overlooked as England name strong squad for Netherlands ODIs |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=31 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/t20-world-cup-2022-england-keep-faith-with-old-guard-as-ben-stokes-mark-wood-chris-woakes-return-for-t20-world-cup-1332090 |title=England keep faith with old guard as Ben Stokes, Mark Wood, Chris Woakes return for T20 World Cup |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2 September 2022}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Luke Wood alizaliwa tarehe 2 Machi 1995 huko Worksop, Nottinghamshire.Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Nottinghamshire. == Kazi ya Kriketi == Wood alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya T20I kwa [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[2022]] dhidi ya Pakistani. Amekuwa mchezaji muhimu wa timu ya Uingereza katika miaka ya hivi karibuni. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya T20I dhidi ya [[India]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DHfpvuHIW3X/?igsh=MWVyZXYybm1iMmV5cQ== |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1995]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 15557z04ym48fh7jm0o82b6tiveuiwr 1606388 1606330 2026-10-09T02:17:19Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1606388 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Luke Wood''' (alizaliwa [[2 Agosti]] [[1995]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Worksop, Nottinghamshire, Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchapaji wa kasi wa mkono wa kushoto. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/cricket/60477088 |title=The Hundred 2022: latest squads as Draft picks revealed |work=BBC Sport |access-date=5 April 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/netherlands-vs-england-2022-sam-billings-overlooked-as-england-name-strong-squad-for-netherlands-odis-1317714 |title=Sam Billings overlooked as England name strong squad for Netherlands ODIs |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=31 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/t20-world-cup-2022-england-keep-faith-with-old-guard-as-ben-stokes-mark-wood-chris-woakes-return-for-t20-world-cup-1332090 |title=England keep faith with old guard as Ben Stokes, Mark Wood, Chris Woakes return for T20 World Cup |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=2 September 2022}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Luke Wood alizaliwa tarehe 2 Machi 1995 huko Worksop, Nottinghamshire.Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Nottinghamshire. == Kazi ya Kriketi == Wood alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya T20I kwa [[Uingereza]] mwaka [[2022]] dhidi ya Pakistani. Amekuwa mchezaji muhimu wa timu ya Uingereza katika miaka ya hivi karibuni. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya T20I dhidi ya [[India]]<ref>{{Rejea tovuti |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/DHfpvuHIW3X/?igsh=MWVyZXYybm1iMmV5cQ== |access-date=2025-03-27 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1995]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] pg9qqg03vliscw1hf2z10g0hho7hzi9 0 253805 1606332 2026-10-08T17:15:01Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sonny Baker''' (alizaliwa [[13 Machi]], [[2003]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Hampshire, Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchapaji wa kasi wa mkono wa kulia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2041/2041158/2041158.html |title=Sonny Baker |work=Cricket Archive |access-date=25 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1191192.html |title=Sonny Baker |work=ESPN Cric...' 1606332 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sonny Baker''' (alizaliwa [[13 Machi]], [[2003]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Hampshire, Uingereza. Anacheza kama mchapaji wa kasi wa mkono wa kulia.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2041/2041158/2041158.html |title=Sonny Baker |work=Cricket Archive |access-date=25 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1191192.html |title=Sonny Baker |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=22 July 2021}}</ref> == Maisha ya Awali == Sonny Baker alizaliwa mwaka 2003 huko Hampshire. Alianza kucheza kriketi akiwa na umri mdogo na alijiunga na timu ya vijana ya Hampshire.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.devoncricket.co.uk/page.php?Id=5078 |title=Torquay paceman Baker latest Devon graduate to earn a place in Somerset Academy |work=Devon Cricket |access-date=25 July 2021}}</ref> == Kazi ya Kriketi == Baker alifanya mechi yake ya kwanza ya daraja la kwanza kwa Hampshire mwaka [[2024]]. Mwaka [[2026]], alichaguliwa katika kikosi cha Uingereza kwa mashindano ya ODI tri-series dhidi ya [[Pakistani]] na [[Sri Lanka]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1250169.html |title=Group 1 (D/N), Taunton, Jul 25 2021, Royal London One-Day Cup |work=ESPN Cricinfo |access-date=25 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.somersetcountycc.co.uk/news/first-xi/two-year-contract-for-sonny/ |title=Two-Year Contract for Sonny |publisher=Somerset County Cricket Club |date=12 August 2021 |access-date=20 August 2021 }}</ref>. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2003]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] s3lonpdn898ejx8vxu73n90sf50luas 0 253806 1606333 2026-10-08T17:18:29Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Larko Doguape''' ni mnyanyua uzito kutoka Nauru. Aliiwakilisha Nauru katika [[Mashindano]] ya [[Dunia]] ya Kunyanyua Uzito ya 2019, pamoja na [[Michezo]] ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya 2018.<ref>[https://www.the-sports.org/larko-doguape-weightlifting-spf442489.html "Weightlifting - Larko Doguape".] TheSports.org.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2000]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]]' 1606333 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Larko Doguape''' ni mnyanyua uzito kutoka Nauru. Aliiwakilisha Nauru katika [[Mashindano]] ya [[Dunia]] ya Kunyanyua Uzito ya 2019, pamoja na [[Michezo]] ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya 2018.<ref>[https://www.the-sports.org/larko-doguape-weightlifting-spf442489.html "Weightlifting - Larko Doguape".] TheSports.org.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2000]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] s2fhwi2aky8l2f34rz0qe29ntrkvt6y 0 253807 1606334 2026-10-08T17:19:03Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Stace Victor Murray Clube''' (alizaliwa [[22 Oktoba]] [[1934]]) ni [[mwanasayansi]] wa nyota kutoka Uingereza. Alizaliwa London na alisoma katika Shule ya St John's, Leatherhead, na Christ Church, Oxford. Ingawa alijulikana zaidi kama mwanasayansi, alicheza [[kriketi]] ya daraja la kwanza kwa Chuo Kikuu cha Oxford mara kumi na saba kati ya 1956 na 1959. Alipata tuzo ya "Blue" yake katika mwaka wake wa kwanza, akicheza katika mechi ya Chuo Kikuu dhidi ya...' 1606334 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Stace Victor Murray Clube''' (alizaliwa [[22 Oktoba]] [[1934]]) ni [[mwanasayansi]] wa nyota kutoka Uingereza. Alizaliwa London na alisoma katika Shule ya St John's, Leatherhead, na Christ Church, Oxford. Ingawa alijulikana zaidi kama mwanasayansi, alicheza [[kriketi]] ya daraja la kwanza kwa Chuo Kikuu cha Oxford mara kumi na saba kati ya 1956 na 1959. Alipata tuzo ya "Blue" yake katika mwaka wake wa kwanza, akicheza katika mechi ya Chuo Kikuu dhidi ya Cambridge mwaka 1956.<ref>Description of Clube in ''The Cosmic Serpent'', by Victor Clube and Bill Napier. Published by Faber and Faber, [[London]], 1982</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/11188.html |title=Player profile: Stace Clube |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=24 October 2014}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mwanasayansi}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1934]] [[Jamii:Wanasayansi wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 4jn1cz6vww96ari32hasm8jhbc80o5q 0 253808 1606335 2026-10-08T17:20:33Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sled Tavare Dowabobo''' (alizaliwa 31 Machi 1983) ni [[mchezaji]] wa judo kutoka Nauru. Alishiriki katika Michezo ya [[Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Joto ya 2012 katika [[mashindano]] ya wanaume ya kilo 73, lakini aliondolewa katika raundi ya kwanza na Navruz Jurakobilov wa Uzbekistan.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120502075934/http://www.london2012.com/judo/event/men-less-than-73kg/phase=jum073600/index.html "Men's -73kg - Olympic Judo | London 2012".]...' 1606335 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sled Tavare Dowabobo''' (alizaliwa 31 Machi 1983) ni [[mchezaji]] wa judo kutoka Nauru. Alishiriki katika Michezo ya [[Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Joto ya 2012 katika [[mashindano]] ya wanaume ya kilo 73, lakini aliondolewa katika raundi ya kwanza na Navruz Jurakobilov wa Uzbekistan.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120502075934/http://www.london2012.com/judo/event/men-less-than-73kg/phase=jum073600/index.html "Men's -73kg - Olympic Judo | London 2012".] www.london2012.com. Archived from the original on 2012-05-02. </ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] g2ui1ztc9hnqzv6z30wryu57js49g66 0 253809 1606337 2026-10-08T17:32:54Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alfred Ernest Dipper''' ( [[9 Novemba]] [[1885]] – [[7 Novemba]] [[1945]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] wa kitaalamu kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Apperley, Gloucestershire, na alichezea Gloucestershire kati ya mwaka [[1908]] na 1932, na alicheza mechi moja ya Test kwa Uingereza mwaka 1921. Alikuwa mchezaji wa kufungua wa mkono wa kulia na alicheza mechi 481 za daraja la kwanza, akifunga runs 28,075 kwa wastani wa 35.27. Alikuwa mchapaji wa mara...' 1606337 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alfred Ernest Dipper''' ( [[9 Novemba]] [[1885]] – [[7 Novemba]] [[1945]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] wa kitaalamu kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Apperley, Gloucestershire, na alichezea Gloucestershire kati ya mwaka [[1908]] na 1932, na alicheza mechi moja ya Test kwa Uingereza mwaka 1921. Alikuwa mchezaji wa kufungua wa mkono wa kulia na alicheza mechi 481 za daraja la kwanza, akifunga runs 28,075 kwa wastani wa 35.27. Alikuwa mchapaji wa mara kwa mara na alichukua wickets 161, na zaidi ya yote alikuwa mchezaji wa kawaida wa kukamata mpira (210 catches). Baada ya kustaafu, alikua mwamuzi wa daraja la kwanza na alicheza bowls kwa kiwango cha juu.<ref name="W155697">{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/155697.html |title=1945 Obituaries: Alfred Dipper |work=Wisden Cricketers' Almanack |year=1946 |access-date=7 October 2022}}</ref><ref name="CA7576">{{cite web |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Scorecards/7/7576.html |title=Kent v. Gloucestershire, 1908 |work=CricketArchive |access-date=7 October 2022 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1885]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1945]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] b8n895giv2nvjn11x8urejnsuz9b21y 0 253810 1606338 2026-10-08T17:36:13Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Arthur Edward Robert Gilligan''' ( [[23 Desemba]] [[1894]] – [[5 Septemba]] [[1976]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] wa daraja la kwanza kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Denmark Hill, [[London]], na alichezea Cambridge University na Sussex, na alikuwa nahodha wa Uingereza mara tisa mwaka [[1924]] na [[1925]]. Alikuwa mchapaji wa kasi na mchezaji wa chini wa kugonga kwa nguvu, na alikamilisha "double" (runs 1,000 na wickets 100 katika msimu mmoja) mwa...' 1606338 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arthur Edward Robert Gilligan''' ( [[23 Desemba]] [[1894]] – [[5 Septemba]] [[1976]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] wa daraja la kwanza kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Denmark Hill, [[London]], na alichezea Cambridge University na Sussex, na alikuwa nahodha wa Uingereza mara tisa mwaka [[1924]] na [[1925]]. Alikuwa mchapaji wa kasi na mchezaji wa chini wa kugonga kwa nguvu, na alikamilisha "double" (runs 1,000 na wickets 100 katika msimu mmoja) mwaka 1923. Wakati wa uchezaji wake, alikuwa mwanachama wa British Fascists, na alichapisha makala kuhusu "The Spirit of Fascism and Cricket Tours". Baadaye alihudumu kama Rais wa Marylebone Cricket Club na alihusika katika "D'Oliveira affair" mwaka 1968.<ref name=Cricinfo>{{Cite web| url = http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/13372.html| title = Arthur Gilligan (Cricinfo profile)| publisher = [[ESPNCricinfo]]| access-date = 17 May 2012| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120621022459/http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/13372.html| archive-date = 21 June 2012| url-status = live}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1894]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1976]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] 0g1w91eytc898bvnti6xmlk4f4qzro6 0 253811 1606340 2026-10-08T17:39:14Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606340 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Brad Kroenig (2006).jpg|thumb|Brad Kroenig]] '''Brad Kroenig''' (alizaliwa [[23 Aprili|Aprili 23]], [[1979]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa zamani wa [[Marekani|Kimarekani]]. == Kazi == Brad Kroenig alilelewa huko Oakville, Missouri. Baba yake alikuwa mhandisi wa mazingira, na [[mama]] yake alikuwa msaidizi wa kisheria. Alisoma katika [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha Kimataifa cha Florida (Florida International University) kwa ufadhili wa masomo ya mpira wa miguu. Aliacha masomo ili kuwa mwanamitindo. Kazi yake ya kwanza kubwa ya uanamitindo ilikuwa kushiriki katika upigaji picha za uchi kwa ajili ya Abercrombie & Fitch. Mwaka [[2001]], alihamia New York na kusaini [[mkataba]] wa miaka mitatu na wakala wa wanamitindo Ford.<ref>https://models.com/models/brad-kroenig</ref><ref>https://missourilegends.com/arts-and-entertainment/models/brad-kroenig/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} amcodtpd2sfdsx7ca8r6uejab7sak5e 0 253812 1606341 2026-10-08T17:47:07Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606341 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Premios Goya 2020 - Jon Kortajarena (Cropped) (cropped).jpg|thumb|'''Jon Kortajarena''']] '''Jon Kortajarena Redruello''' (alizaliwa [[19 Mei]] [[1985]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kihispania]]. Amefanya kampeni za matangazo kwa ajili ya Just Cavalli, Versace, Giorgio Armani, Guerlain, Bally, Etro, Trussardi, Diesel, Mangano, Lagerfeld, Pepe Jeans, pamoja na H&M, Zara, Guess, na Tom Ford, hasa kwa kushiriki katika misimu kadhaa mfululizo ya kampeni za chapa hizo. Tarehe [[26 Juni]] [[2009]], Forbes ilimweka Kortajarena katika nafasi ya nane kwenye orodha ya Wanamitindo 10 wa Kiume Waliofanikiwa Zaidi Duniani.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100126011730/http://www.adversus.com/interviews/jon-kortajarena/index.html</ref><ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2392852/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} 5jcoat22g7p0kw0g6bxlg0fgm57hbmh 0 253813 1606342 2026-10-08T17:49:43Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jalon Renos Doweiya''' (alizaliwa 16 Novemba 1983) ni mnyanyua uzito kutoka Nauru.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/commonwealthgames2002/hi/other_sports/weightlifting/newsid_2165000/2165924.stm "Rai edges out Morgan".] BBC News. 1 August 2002. Retrieved 21 February 2011.</ref> Katika [[Michezo]] ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya 2002 iliyofanyika Manchester, alimaliza katika nafasi ya tatu katika kitengo cha uzani wa kilo 77. Hata hivyo, baadaye alipewa medal...' 1606342 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jalon Renos Doweiya''' (alizaliwa 16 Novemba 1983) ni mnyanyua uzito kutoka Nauru.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/commonwealthgames2002/hi/other_sports/weightlifting/newsid_2165000/2165924.stm "Rai edges out Morgan".] BBC News. 1 August 2002. Retrieved 21 February 2011.</ref> Katika [[Michezo]] ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya 2002 iliyofanyika Manchester, alimaliza katika nafasi ya tatu katika kitengo cha uzani wa kilo 77. Hata hivyo, baadaye alipewa medali ya fedha baada ya Satheesha Rai wa India kuondolewa katika [[mashindano]] kutokana na matumizi ya [[dawa]] zilizopigwa marufuku. Pia alishinda medali za dhahabu katika Michezo ya Oceania ya mwaka 2001 na 2002. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] 445osip7tssbitqkcuoyr76yv26j5ba 0 253814 1606343 2026-10-08T17:52:02Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gerard Darrien Garabwan''' (alizaliwa 10 Machi 1971) ni mnyanyua uzito mstaafu aliyewakilisha Nauru katika [[Michezo]] ya [[Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Joto ya 1996.<ref>[https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ga/gerard-garabwan-1.html Sports-Reference] Profile Archived March 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine</ref> Alikuwa fundi bomba alipoteuliwa kuiwakilisha nchi yake katika Michezo ya Olimpiki. Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa ameshiriki katika Kombe la...' 1606343 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gerard Darrien Garabwan''' (alizaliwa 10 Machi 1971) ni mnyanyua uzito mstaafu aliyewakilisha Nauru katika [[Michezo]] ya [[Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Joto ya 1996.<ref>[https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ga/gerard-garabwan-1.html Sports-Reference] Profile Archived March 5, 2016, at the Wayback Machine</ref> Alikuwa fundi bomba alipoteuliwa kuiwakilisha nchi yake katika Michezo ya Olimpiki. Kabla ya hapo, alikuwa ameshiriki katika Kombe la Dunia la 1995 nchini China, ambapo alimaliza katika nafasi ya 33.<ref>[http://www.sfgate.com/sports/article/Lifter-boosts-tiny-nation-s-hopes-3135134.php Lifter boosts tiny nations hopes] sfgate.com Retrieved on 2015-05-18.</ref> Baada ya kumaliza katika nafasi ya 24 kwenye Michezo ya Olimpiki, aliendelea kushiriki katika Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya 1998 nchini Malaysia, ambapo alimaliza katika nafasi ya nane. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] obrpm4afqx9yswtqcfyjvzx8f84aig4 0 253815 1606344 2026-10-08T17:53:30Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606344 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Sean O'Pry 2015.jpg|thumb|Sean O'Pry]] '''Sean Richard O'Pry''' (alizaliwa [[5 Julai|Julai 5]], [[1989]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] maarufu wa kiume wa [[Marekani|Kimarekani]]. Alianza kazi yake ya uanamitindo mwaka [[2006]] na ameshiriki katika kampeni nyingi za matangazo pamoja na makala za [[magazeti]] na majarida ya mitindo. Mwaka [[2015]], O'Pry alijumuishwa katika orodha mpya za Models.com za “Supers Men”, “Sexiest Men” na “Money Guys”. Mwaka huo huo, jarida la Vogue lilimweka katika nafasi ya tano kwenye orodha ya “Wanamitindo 10 Bora wa Kiume wa Wakati Wote.” Mwaka [[2013]], Forbes ilimtaja kuwa mwanamitindo wa kiume aliyelipwa zaidi duniani.<ref>https://www.thefashionisto.com/male-models/sean-opry/</ref><ref>https://models.com/models/Sean-O</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} c4ef7jklzlthvtksaf79i384obk6q97 0 253816 1606345 2026-10-08T17:54:26Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Isca Kam''' (alizaliwa 7 Julai 1980) ni mnyanyua uzito wa kiume kutoka Nauru, anayeshindana katika kitengo cha zaidi ya [[kilo]] 105 na kuiwakilisha Nauru katika [[mashindano]] ya kimataifa. Alishiriki katika mashindano ya [[dunia]] ya kunyanyua uzito, na ushiriki wake wa hivi karibuni ukiwa katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Kunyanyua Uzito ya 1998.<ref>[http://www.iwf.net/results/results-by-events/?event=96 "1998 Weightlifting World Championships - Isca K...' 1606345 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isca Kam''' (alizaliwa 7 Julai 1980) ni mnyanyua uzito wa kiume kutoka Nauru, anayeshindana katika kitengo cha zaidi ya [[kilo]] 105 na kuiwakilisha Nauru katika [[mashindano]] ya kimataifa. Alishiriki katika mashindano ya [[dunia]] ya kunyanyua uzito, na ushiriki wake wa hivi karibuni ukiwa katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Kunyanyua Uzito ya 1998.<ref>[http://www.iwf.net/results/results-by-events/?event=96 "1998 Weightlifting World Championships - Isca Kam".] iwf.net. Retrieved 23 June 2016.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] qvcgjrwv8vts7rt20yx86fnotqcymau 0 253817 1606346 2026-10-08T17:57:36Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Dj Maaki''' (alizaliwa 15 Desemba 1992) ni [[bondia]] kutoka Nauru.<ref>"Dj MAAKI - Olympic Boxing | Nauru". International Olympic Committee. 2016-06-27. Retrieved 2020-06-06.</ref> Katika Michezo ya [[Olimpiki]] ya Vijana ya Majira ya Joto ya 2010, alishindwa na [[bondia]] wa Puerto Rico, Emmanuelle Rodriguez, lakini alishinda medali ya fedha.<ref>Miller, David (2012-04-19). [https://books.google.com/books?id=LQtHyAneE_kC&q=%22Dj+Maaki%22&pg=PT709 The...' 1606346 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dj Maaki''' (alizaliwa 15 Desemba 1992) ni [[bondia]] kutoka Nauru.<ref>"Dj MAAKI - Olympic Boxing | Nauru". International Olympic Committee. 2016-06-27. Retrieved 2020-06-06.</ref> Katika Michezo ya [[Olimpiki]] ya Vijana ya Majira ya Joto ya 2010, alishindwa na [[bondia]] wa Puerto Rico, Emmanuelle Rodriguez, lakini alishinda medali ya fedha.<ref>Miller, David (2012-04-19). [https://books.google.com/books?id=LQtHyAneE_kC&q=%22Dj+Maaki%22&pg=PT709 The Official History of the Olympic Games and the IOC - Part III: The Modern Era (1984-2012). Random House.] <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-78057-507-0</nowiki>.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1992]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] cxkex7cl6xcl2i1nc6n88hd0gl6k3u7 0 253818 1606347 2026-10-08T17:57:36Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Charles Percy McGahey''' ( [[12 Februari]] [[1871]] – [[10 Januari]] [[1935]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Uingereza. Alizaliwa Stepney, London, na alichezea Essex kati ya 1894 na 1921, na pia alichezea London County kati ya 1901 na 1904. Alikuwa mchezaji wa mkono wa kulia na mchapaji wa leg-break. Alitajwa kama mmoja wa Wisden Cricketers of the Year mwaka 1902 na alicheza mechi mbili za Test kwa Uingereza katika ziara ya [[Australia]] ya...' 1606347 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Percy McGahey''' ( [[12 Februari]] [[1871]] – [[10 Januari]] [[1935]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Uingereza. Alizaliwa Stepney, London, na alichezea Essex kati ya 1894 na 1921, na pia alichezea London County kati ya 1901 na 1904. Alikuwa mchezaji wa mkono wa kulia na mchapaji wa leg-break. Alitajwa kama mmoja wa Wisden Cricketers of the Year mwaka 1902 na alicheza mechi mbili za Test kwa Uingereza katika ziara ya [[Australia]] ya 1901-02. Pia alicheza mpira wa miguu kwa Clapton, moja ya vilabu maarufu vya amateur wakati huo.<ref>Clapton FC Souvenir of Jubillee Celebration Dinner by Wm. H. Long (1928) p. 36</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1871]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1935]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] dyjijnpbpvzkd6ho0lnugpimfuizxmj 0 253819 1606348 2026-10-08T18:14:04Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Uwanja wa Meneñ''', unaojulikana pia kwa tahajia ya Meneng, ni uwanja wa zamani uliokuwa kwenye [[kisiwa]] cha Nauru. Uwanja huo unapatikana katika [[wilaya]] ya Meneng. Uwanja huo ulijengwa mwaka 2006 na ulikuwa na [[uwezo]] wa kuchukua watazamaji 3,500. Tofauti na viwanja vingine kwenye kisiwa hicho, Uwanja wa Meneñ ulikuwa na viti vya ngazi kwa watazamaji.<ref>[https://dontstopliving.net/backpacking-in-nauru-top-8-sights-in-meneng-province/ "Backp...' 1606348 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwanja wa Meneñ''', unaojulikana pia kwa tahajia ya Meneng, ni uwanja wa zamani uliokuwa kwenye [[kisiwa]] cha Nauru. Uwanja huo unapatikana katika [[wilaya]] ya Meneng. Uwanja huo ulijengwa mwaka 2006 na ulikuwa na [[uwezo]] wa kuchukua watazamaji 3,500. Tofauti na viwanja vingine kwenye kisiwa hicho, Uwanja wa Meneñ ulikuwa na viti vya ngazi kwa watazamaji.<ref>[https://dontstopliving.net/backpacking-in-nauru-top-8-sights-in-meneng-province/ "Backpacking in Nauru: Top 8 Sights in Meneng Province".] Don't Stop Living. Retrieved 31 July 2021.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] fzwcg21zb3yt3pmgsqwohr5toe1tikp 0 253820 1606349 2026-10-08T18:16:18Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ezekiel Moses''' (alizaliwa 2 Julai 2001) ni mnyanyua uzito kutoka Nauru. == Kazi == Mwezi Julai 2026, alishiriki katika [[Michezo]] ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya 2026 na kushinda [[medali]] ya shaba katika [[mashindano]] ya kunyanyua uzito ya kilo 71.<ref>[https://pmn.co.nz/read/sports/samoa-and-nauru-win-medals-at-glasgow-2026-commonwealth-games "Sāmoa and Nauru win medals at Glasgow Commonwealth Games".] pmn.co.nz. 27 July 2026. Retrieved 27 July 2026.</...' 1606349 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ezekiel Moses''' (alizaliwa 2 Julai 2001) ni mnyanyua uzito kutoka Nauru. == Kazi == Mwezi Julai 2026, alishiriki katika [[Michezo]] ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya 2026 na kushinda [[medali]] ya shaba katika [[mashindano]] ya kunyanyua uzito ya kilo 71.<ref>[https://pmn.co.nz/read/sports/samoa-and-nauru-win-medals-at-glasgow-2026-commonwealth-games "Sāmoa and Nauru win medals at Glasgow Commonwealth Games".] pmn.co.nz. 27 July 2026. Retrieved 27 July 2026.</ref> Hii ilikuwa medali ya kwanza kwa Nauru katika Michezo ya Jumuiya ya [[Madola]] ya 2026.<ref>Haro, Jamie (27 July 2026). [https://www.abc.net.au/pacific/commonwealth-games-wrap-samoa-nauru-medals/106965640 "Samoa, Nauru claim Commonwealth Games medals as Pacific shows off weightlifting prowess".] Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 27 July 2026.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} 0cdxt8xo9jc5sdkl5amqt779gni19ua 0 253821 1606350 2026-10-08T18:18:51Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sheeva Ramanda Peo-Cook''' (alizaliwa 7 Novemba 1976) alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza kuiwakilisha Nauru katika Michezo ya Olimpiki. Alishiriki katika mashindano ya kunyanyua uzito katika kitengo cha uzani mzito zaidi kwenye [[Michezo]] ya [[Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Joto ya 2000, ambapo alimaliza katika nafasi ya 10.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418122255/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/pe/sheeva-peo-1.html Sports-Reference Pro...' 1606350 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sheeva Ramanda Peo-Cook''' (alizaliwa 7 Novemba 1976) alikuwa [[mwanamke]] wa kwanza kuiwakilisha Nauru katika Michezo ya Olimpiki. Alishiriki katika mashindano ya kunyanyua uzito katika kitengo cha uzani mzito zaidi kwenye [[Michezo]] ya [[Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Joto ya 2000, ambapo alimaliza katika nafasi ya 10.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418122255/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/pe/sheeva-peo-1.html Sports-Reference Profile]</ref><ref>[https://www.olympedia.org/lists/99/manual "First female competitors at the Olympics by country".] Olympedia. Retrieved 26 June 2020.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] 8327vakof0304cwzdynuigaypnndt4x 0 253822 1606351 2026-10-08T18:22:00Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Yukio Stinson Peter''' (alizaliwa 29 Januari 1984 huko Aiwo) ni mnyanyua uzito kutoka Nauru. == Kazi == === 2004 === Yukio alinyanyua kilo 142.5 katika kunyanyua tufe na kilo 165 katika kunyanyua na kusukuma, kwa jumla ya kilo 307.5, na kumaliza katika nafasi ya nane kwenye Michezo ya Olimpiki ya 2004 katika kitengo cha [[wanaume]] cha kilo 69. Hii ndiyo nafasi bora zaidi kuwahi kufikiwa na [[mwanamichezo]] wa Nauru katika Michezo ya Olimpiki. === 20...' 1606351 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yukio Stinson Peter''' (alizaliwa 29 Januari 1984 huko Aiwo) ni mnyanyua uzito kutoka Nauru. == Kazi == === 2004 === Yukio alinyanyua kilo 142.5 katika kunyanyua tufe na kilo 165 katika kunyanyua na kusukuma, kwa jumla ya kilo 307.5, na kumaliza katika nafasi ya nane kwenye Michezo ya Olimpiki ya 2004 katika kitengo cha [[wanaume]] cha kilo 69. Hii ndiyo nafasi bora zaidi kuwahi kufikiwa na [[mwanamichezo]] wa Nauru katika Michezo ya Olimpiki. === 2008 === Mwezi Desemba 2008, Yukio alishinda medali ya dhahabu katika Mashindano ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya Kunyanyua Uzito yaliyofanyika Limassol, Cyprus. Akiwa anashindana katika kitengo cha kilo 77, alinyanyua kilo 145 katika kunyanyua tufe na kilo 185 katika kunyanyua na kusukuma.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120404094857/http://www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=108469 "Vueti lifts silver at Commonwealth championship".] Fiji Times. 9 December 2008. Archived from the original on 4 April 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2008.</ref> === 2010 === Katika Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya 2010 huko New Delhi, India, Yukio Peter alishinda [[medali]] ya 10 ya dhahabu kwa Nauru kwa kushinda kitengo cha kilo 77 katika kunyanyua uzito, akiwa ameweka rekodi mpya ya Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya kilo 333. === 2011 === Peter alishinda medali ya dhahabu katika kitengo cha kilo 77 kwenye Michezo ya Arafura ya 2011 huko Darwin, na kuipa Nauru medali yake ya kwanza ya dhahabu katika toleo hilo la Michezo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120819211536/http://www.rnzi.com/pages/news.php?op=read&id=60571 "Sport: Nauru claim first gold in Darwin".] Radio New Zealand International. 13 May 2011. Archived from the original on 19 August 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2011.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] ffojdb4txoe9xtfxno8ukqk7sidedqh 0 253823 1606354 2026-10-08T19:04:52Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606354 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Lucky blue smith 2019 2.jpg|thumb|Lucky blue smith]] '''Lucky Blue Smith''' (alizaliwa [[4 Juni|Juni 4]], [[1998]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]], mshawishi wa mitandao ya kijamii, na [[mwanamuziki]] wa [[Marekani|Kimarekani]]. Mwaka [[2015]], jarida la Teen Vogue lilimtaja kuwa “Mwanamitindo wa Wakati Huu”, na Models.com ilimjumuisha katika orodha ya “Wanamitindo 50 Bora wa Kiume.” == Maisha ya awali == Lucky Blue Smith alilelewa katika jimbo la Utah na wazazi wake, Sheridan na Dallon Smith. Mama yake ni mwanamitindo wa zamani, wakati baba yake ni mwanamuziki anayefanya muziki kama burudani na ambaye alianzisha kampuni inayotengeneza nyuzi za gitaa. Ana dada zake watatu wakubwa ambao ni Starlie Cheyenne Smith (aliyezaliwa 1993), Daisy Clementine Smith (aliyezaliwa 1995), na Pyper America Smith (aliyezaliwa 1997). Wote ni wanamitindo na watu maarufu kwenye mitandao ya kijamii. Wazazi wao waliwapa watoto wao majina ambayo si ya kawaida au ya kipekee, kwa lengo la kutofautisha majina yao kutokana na kuwa na jina la ukoo ambalo ni miongoni mwa majina ya ukoo yanayotumika sana nchini Marekani.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7277636/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150926111550/http://www.nextmanagement.com/los-angeles/profile/lucky-blue</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} lrcoeygoin5bjs2gn0b0y57h3brs6pl 0 253824 1606355 2026-10-08T19:14:29Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Reanna Solomon''' (16 Desemba 1981 – 1 Julai 2022) alikuwa mnyanyua uzito kutoka Nauru. Alikuwa [[mwanamichezo]] wa kwanza mwanamke kutoka Nauru kushinda medali ya dhahabu katika Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola, na bado ni miongoni mwa Wanainuru watatu pekee waliowahi kushinda medali ya dhahabu katika Michezo hiyo. Wengine ni Marcus Stephen na Yukio Peter. Solomon alishiriki katika Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya 2002. Alinyanyua kilo 127.5 katika mashi...' 1606355 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Reanna Solomon''' (16 Desemba 1981 – 1 Julai 2022) alikuwa mnyanyua uzito kutoka Nauru. Alikuwa [[mwanamichezo]] wa kwanza mwanamke kutoka Nauru kushinda medali ya dhahabu katika Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola, na bado ni miongoni mwa Wanainuru watatu pekee waliowahi kushinda medali ya dhahabu katika Michezo hiyo. Wengine ni Marcus Stephen na Yukio Peter. Solomon alishiriki katika Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya 2002. Alinyanyua kilo 127.5 katika mashindano ya wanawake ya zaidi ya kilo 75 ya kunyanyua na kusukuma, na kushinda medali ya dhahabu. Pia alishinda [[medali]] nyingine ya dhahabu baada ya kunyanyua jumla ya kilo 227.5 katika mashindano ya wanawake ya zaidi ya kilo 75. Katika mashindano ya wanawake ya zaidi ya kilo 75 ya kunyanyua tufe, alishinda medali ya shaba baada ya kunyanyua kilo 100.<ref>[http://www.thecgf.com/games/athlete.asp Official results] Deprecated link archived 10 August 2002 at archive.today on the website of the Commonwealth Games</ref> Solomon pia alishiriki katika Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Joto ya 2004. Solomon alifariki kutokana na COVID-19 tarehe 1 Julai 2022 akiwa na umri wa miaka 40. Shirikisho la Kunyanyua Uzito la Oceania lilitoa taarifa ya kumuenzi. Kifo chake kilikuwa kifo cha kwanza nchini Nauru kusababishwa na [[COVID-19]]. Lionel Aingimea, Rais wa Nauru, alitoa salamu za pole kwa familia yake. Mnamo Agosti 2022, Maximina Uepa, aliyeshinda medali ya shaba katika Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya 2022, alijitolea medali yake kwa heshima ya Solomon.<ref>Iveson, Alin (2 August 2022). [https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1126513/maximina-uepa-dedication "Nauru weightlifter dedicates medal to ex-champion mother of five killed by COVID".] InsideTheGames.biz. Retrieved 1 August 2024.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1981]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2022]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] emku14g6smkkr38jarqku76odb5arwh 0 253825 1606356 2026-10-08T19:17:54Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Val-John Star''' (alizaliwa 25 Juni 1989) ni mnyanyua uzito wa kiume kutoka Nauru, anayeshindana katika kitengo cha kilo 85 na kuiwakilisha Nauru katika mashindano ya kimataifa. Alishinda [[medali]] ya dhahabu katika Mashindano ya Kunyanyua [[Uzito]] ya Oceania ya 2010 yaliyofanyika Suva, katika kitengo cha kilo 85. Alishiriki katika Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya 2010 katika mashindano ya kunyanyua uzito ya wanaume ya kilo 85.<ref>[http://www.iwf.ne...' 1606356 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Val-John Star''' (alizaliwa 25 Juni 1989) ni mnyanyua uzito wa kiume kutoka Nauru, anayeshindana katika kitengo cha kilo 85 na kuiwakilisha Nauru katika mashindano ya kimataifa. Alishinda [[medali]] ya dhahabu katika Mashindano ya Kunyanyua [[Uzito]] ya Oceania ya 2010 yaliyofanyika Suva, katika kitengo cha kilo 85. Alishiriki katika Michezo ya Jumuiya ya Madola ya 2010 katika mashindano ya kunyanyua uzito ya wanaume ya kilo 85.<ref>[http://www.iwf.net/results/results-by-events/?event=83 "2010 Oceania Weightlifting Championships Results".] iwf.net. Retrieved 1 January 2018.</ref> Alishinda medali ya [[shaba]] katika Michezo ya Pasifiki ya 2011.<ref>[http://www.iwf.net/results/results-by-events/?event=117 "Weightlifting at the 2010 Commonwealth Games - Val-John Star".] iwf.net. Retrieved 23 June 2016.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] jxzyakuvdtlklle4v5vo18pcyp6wfrk 0 253826 1606357 2026-10-08T19:20:11Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rodin Thoma''' (alizaliwa 1 Januari 1979) ni mnyanyua uzito wa kiume kutoka Nauru, anayeshindana katika kitengo cha kilo 94 na kuiwakilisha Nauru katika mashindano ya kimataifa. Alishiriki katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Kunyanyua [[Uzito]], ambapo ushiriki wake wa hivi karibuni ulikuwa katika [[Mashindano]] ya Dunia ya Kunyanyua Uzito ya 1999.<ref>[http://www.iwf.net/results/results-by-events/?event=99 "1999 Weightlifting World Championships - Rodin Tho...' 1606357 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rodin Thoma''' (alizaliwa 1 Januari 1979) ni mnyanyua uzito wa kiume kutoka Nauru, anayeshindana katika kitengo cha kilo 94 na kuiwakilisha Nauru katika mashindano ya kimataifa. Alishiriki katika Mashindano ya Dunia ya Kunyanyua [[Uzito]], ambapo ushiriki wake wa hivi karibuni ulikuwa katika [[Mashindano]] ya Dunia ya Kunyanyua Uzito ya 1999.<ref>[http://www.iwf.net/results/results-by-events/?event=99 "1999 Weightlifting World Championships - Rodin Thoma".] iwf.net. Retrieved 23 June 2016.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] 01oi50xp5o1dgb9mv8qkpgni4zv7yc0 0 253827 1606358 2026-10-08T19:22:56Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ovini Uera''' (alizaliwa 18 Januari 1988) ni [[mchezaji]] wa judo kutoka Nauru. == Maandalizi == Uera, ambaye alikuwa meneja wa huduma za chakula na alifanya kazi katika Nauru Airlines, alikuwa na ratiba ya kila siku iliyoanza kwa mazoezi ya kujiandaa saa 12:00 asubuhi. Alifanya mazoezi katika ukumbi wa mazoezi usio na kuta, huku mvua ikiingia kupitia paa. Sled Dowabobo alikuwa [[kocha]] na mtaalamu wake wa tiba ya viungo. Uera alikusanya fedha kwa ku...' 1606358 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ovini Uera''' (alizaliwa 18 Januari 1988) ni [[mchezaji]] wa judo kutoka Nauru. == Maandalizi == Uera, ambaye alikuwa meneja wa huduma za chakula na alifanya kazi katika Nauru Airlines, alikuwa na ratiba ya kila siku iliyoanza kwa mazoezi ya kujiandaa saa 12:00 asubuhi. Alifanya mazoezi katika ukumbi wa mazoezi usio na kuta, huku mvua ikiingia kupitia paa. Sled Dowabobo alikuwa [[kocha]] na mtaalamu wake wa tiba ya viungo. Uera alikusanya fedha kwa kuandaa shughuli za kuchoma nyama na kwa kwenda nyumba hadi nyumba kuomba michango. Pia alitazama video za Varlam Liparteliani kwenye YouTube ili kujifunza mbinu za mchezo huo.<ref>Peritz, Ingrid (17 August 2016). [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/olympics/rio-olympics-a-dream-come-true-for-judo-athlete-from-tiny-island-nation/article31452990/ "Rio Olympics 'a dream come true' for judo athlete from tiny island nation"]. The Globe and Mail.</ref> == Kazi == Uera alishiriki katika Michezo ya [[Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Joto ya 2016 iliyofanyika Rio de Janeiro, katika mashindano ya judo ya wanaume ya kilo 90. Katika raundi ya pili alimshinda Renick James, lakini katika raundi ya tatu alifungwa na Varlam Liparteliani. Alikuwa mbeba bendera wa Nauru wakati wa sherehe ya kufunga [[Michezo]] hiyo ya Olimpiki.<ref>[https://www.olympic.org/news/the-flagbearers-for-the-rio-2016-closing-ceremony "The Flagbearers for the Rio 2016 Closing Ceremony".] 2016-08-21. Retrieved 2016-08-23.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] 90d26oakb1cyxtgsrjg62wpuqyfe28z 0 253828 1606360 2026-10-08T19:31:23Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Tom-Jaye Waibeiya''' (alizaliwa 17 Desemba 1995) ni mnyanyua [[uzito]] wa kiume kutoka Nauru, anayeshindana katika kitengo cha uzani wa kilo 77 na kuiwakilisha Nauru katika [[mashindano]] ya kimataifa. Alishiriki katika Michezo ya [[Jumuiya]] ya [[Madola]] ya 2014 katika mashindano ya kunyanyua uzito ya wanaume ya kilo 77.<ref>[http://www.iwf.net/results/results-by-events/?event=291 "Weightlifting at the 2014 Commonwealth Games - Tom-Jaye Waibeiya".] i...' 1606360 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tom-Jaye Waibeiya''' (alizaliwa 17 Desemba 1995) ni mnyanyua [[uzito]] wa kiume kutoka Nauru, anayeshindana katika kitengo cha uzani wa kilo 77 na kuiwakilisha Nauru katika [[mashindano]] ya kimataifa. Alishiriki katika Michezo ya [[Jumuiya]] ya [[Madola]] ya 2014 katika mashindano ya kunyanyua uzito ya wanaume ya kilo 77.<ref>[http://www.iwf.net/results/results-by-events/?event=291 "Weightlifting at the 2014 Commonwealth Games - Tom-Jaye Waibeiya".] iwf.net. Retrieved 23 June 2016.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1995]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] m3fc55mu68uobefaiyc5xhtfz2dyiq6 0 253829 1606361 2026-10-08T19:35:48Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Esty Amukwaya''' (alizaliwa 1988) ni [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Namibia anayecheza kama beki wa kati. Alishiriki katika Ligi Kuu ya Wanawake ya Namibia akiiwakilisha UNAM Bokkies, na alikuwa mwanachama muhimu wa timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Namibia, inayojulikana kama The Brave Gladiators. Amukwaya pia anaweza kucheza kama beki wa kati, kipa na [[kiungo]] wa kati. Anavaa jezi namba 15 akiwa na Bokkies na namba 14 katika michezo ya timu ya ta...' 1606361 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Esty Amukwaya''' (alizaliwa 1988) ni [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Namibia anayecheza kama beki wa kati. Alishiriki katika Ligi Kuu ya Wanawake ya Namibia akiiwakilisha UNAM Bokkies, na alikuwa mwanachama muhimu wa timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Namibia, inayojulikana kama The Brave Gladiators. Amukwaya pia anaweza kucheza kama beki wa kati, kipa na [[kiungo]] wa kati. Anavaa jezi namba 15 akiwa na Bokkies na namba 14 katika michezo ya timu ya taifa. Amukwaya ni shabiki mkubwa wa mshambuliaji wa zamani wa Brave Warriors, Gerros Witbeen. Aliichezea Brave Gladiators katika michezo minne, miwili dhidi ya Tanzania katika mechi za kufuzu kwa Mashindano ya Afrika ya Wanawake ya 2012, na miwili dhidi ya timu ya taifa ya wanafunzi ya [[Ujerumani]] iliyotembelea Namibia.<ref> [http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=28&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=100124&no_cache=1 "The Namibian".]</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamichezo]] c2odfqy5s8ohoqd4thi76xyqtboyjmc 0 253830 1606362 2026-10-08T19:39:20Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Philemon Angula''' (alizaliwa 20 Agosti 1974) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Namibia. == Kazi ya klabu == Mshambuliaji huyo mwenye nywele zilizofungwa kwa mitindo ya kusokotwa alizaliwa Swakopmund, lakini alihamia Onathinge katika Mkoa wa Oshikoto. Baadaye, akiwa na umri wa miaka 14 pekee, aliondoka kwenda Angola jirani ambako aliishi katika kambi ya wakimbizi. Aliporejea Namibia mwaka 1991, Angula alicheza zaidi katika Oshakati Ci...' 1606362 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Philemon Angula''' (alizaliwa 20 Agosti 1974) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Namibia. == Kazi ya klabu == Mshambuliaji huyo mwenye nywele zilizofungwa kwa mitindo ya kusokotwa alizaliwa Swakopmund, lakini alihamia Onathinge katika Mkoa wa Oshikoto. Baadaye, akiwa na umri wa miaka 14 pekee, aliondoka kwenda Angola jirani ambako aliishi katika kambi ya wakimbizi. Aliporejea Namibia mwaka 1991, Angula alicheza zaidi katika Oshakati City, isipokuwa kati ya mwaka 2004 na 2006 alipochezea Civics. Akiwa na Civics, alishinda mataji mawili ya ligi. Akiwa anajulikana kwa jina la utani Cascas, baadaye aliwahi kuwa kocha wa Ongwediva City na kuwa meneja wa Young Chiefs, klabu iliyoshiriki katika Ligi Kuu ya Namibia.<ref>Hembapu, Otniel (16 November 2017). [https://neweralive.na/posts/im-the-right-man-for-young-chiefs-says-angula-oshakati-based-club-struggling "I'm the right man for Young Chiefs, says Angula ... Oshakati-based club struggling".] New Era. Retrieved 30 September 2023.</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == Alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza kwa Brave Warriors katika mechi ya kirafiki dhidi ya Niger mwezi Januari 1998. Aliichezea timu ya taifa ya Namibia michezo tisa na kufunga mabao mawili. Pia alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Namibia katika Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika la 1998, ingawa hakushiriki katika mchezo wowote. Angula alikuwa hodari katika kupiga mpira kwa kichwa na pia aliwahi kuiwakilisha timu ya taifa ya [[Namibia]] ya wachezaji walio chini ya umri wa miaka 23.<ref>Kambaekwa, Carlos (1 November 2019). [https://neweralive.na/posts/magical-rastaman-kaskas-tells-his-own-story "Magical Rastaman "Kaskas" tells his own story".] New Era. Retrieved 30 September 2023.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] ci992bdvfalbvc9seflb3ccfl1kr7yq 0 253831 1606363 2026-10-08T19:45:46Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Franklin April''' (18 Aprili 1984 – 18 Oktoba 2015) alikuwa mlinzi wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka Namibia ambaye aliichezea FC Civics na timu ya taifa ya Namibia. == Kazi ya klabu == Akiwa anajulikana kwa jina la utani Piele, April alizaliwa Khomasdal, Windhoek, na alianza kucheza mpira wa miguu kama mshambuliaji. Mwaka 2000, aliitwa katika timu ya taifa ya Namibia ya [[Olimpiki]]. Aligunduliwa na baadaye kusajiliwa na Civics, ambapo alishinda mataji...' 1606363 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Franklin April''' (18 Aprili 1984 – 18 Oktoba 2015) alikuwa mlinzi wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka Namibia ambaye aliichezea FC Civics na timu ya taifa ya Namibia. == Kazi ya klabu == Akiwa anajulikana kwa jina la utani Piele, April alizaliwa Khomasdal, Windhoek, na alianza kucheza mpira wa miguu kama mshambuliaji. Mwaka 2000, aliitwa katika timu ya taifa ya Namibia ya [[Olimpiki]]. Aligunduliwa na baadaye kusajiliwa na Civics, ambapo alishinda mataji matatu mfululizo ya Ligi Kuu kati ya mwaka 2005 na 2007.<ref>[https://neweralive.na/posts/tales-legends-forgotten-r-i-p-franklin-piele-april-1981-2015 "Tales of the Legends: Gone but not forgotten...... R.I.P. Franklin "Piele" April, 1981 – 2015".] New Era. 30 October 2015.</ref> Alibaki katika klabu hiyo katika kipindi chote cha maisha yake ya soka na alistaafu baada ya [[msimu]] wa 2013–14. == Kazi ya kimataifa == April alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Namibia katika Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika la 2008. Aliichezea timu ya taifa michezo 20 bila kufunga bao. == Maisha binafsi == April alifariki kutokana na shambulio la pumu mwezi Oktoba 2015. Aliacha mchumba wake Blanche Wimmert pamoja na mabinti watatu. Alikuwa akijiajiri na alifanya [[kazi]] katika biashara ya rejareja.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304024808/https://www.newera.com.na/2015/10/20/brave-warriors-stalwart-franklin-april-dies/ "Former Brave Warriors stalwart Franklin April dies".] New Era. 20 October 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2015.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2015]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] k67jxbz26hbetkp8t3d82sf9rh7flpj 0 253832 1606365 2026-10-08T19:51:08Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Berlin Pancho Auchumeb''' (alizaliwa 9 Januari 1974) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu wa Namibia aliyewahi kuiwakilisha nchi yake katika ngazi ya taifa na kimataifa. Pia aliwahi kucheza katika Chief Santos ya Ligi Kuu ya Namibia. Mwaka 2000, alijiunga na moja ya klabu kubwa za soka barani Afrika, Jomo Cosmos, kama mchezaji wa kulipwa. Kwa sasa ni Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Kituo cha Ukarabati cha Tsumeb Emmanuel kilichopo Tsumeb, katika [[Mkoa]...' 1606365 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Berlin Pancho Auchumeb''' (alizaliwa 9 Januari 1974) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa mpira wa miguu wa Namibia aliyewahi kuiwakilisha nchi yake katika ngazi ya taifa na kimataifa. Pia aliwahi kucheza katika Chief Santos ya Ligi Kuu ya Namibia. Mwaka 2000, alijiunga na moja ya klabu kubwa za soka barani Afrika, Jomo Cosmos, kama mchezaji wa kulipwa. Kwa sasa ni Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Kituo cha Ukarabati cha Tsumeb Emmanuel kilichopo Tsumeb, katika [[Mkoa]] wa Oshikoto, Namibia. Pia ni Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa Havilah-el Golden Minerals Mining, iliyopo Bammpos katika wilaya ya Khorixas, Mkoa wa Kunene, Namibia. Mwaka 2025, aligundua Punchosite, aina ya Pietersite, nchini Namibia. Berlin Auchumeb alizaliwa katika familia ya Bamm katika shamba la Bamm POS, karibu na Fransfontein katika Mkoa wa Kunene.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/1999-01-20-namibians-warm-up-for-ivorians/?amp "NAMIBIANS WARM UP FOR IVORIANS".] Mail & Guardian. 20 January 1999.</ref> == Kazi ya klabu == Akiwa anajulikana kwa jina la utani Pancho, Auchumeb aliwahi kucheza katika [[klabu]] za Namibia za Eleven Arrows, Chief Santos na Blue Waters. Pia alikuwa na mkataba na klabu kubwa ya soka ya Afrika Kusini, Jomo Cosmos FC. Moja ya matukio muhimu katika maisha yake ya soka lilikuwa siku alipocheza katika [[mechi]] ya kirafiki pamoja na mmiliki na kocha wa Jomo Cosmos, Jomo Sono, huko Port Elizabeth, katika mechi dhidi ya Orlando Pirates ya Afrika Kusini mwaka 2001. Pia anakumbuka siku aliposhiriki mashindano ya soka ya vyombo vya habari huko Soweto, Johannesburg, tarehe 28 Novemba 2000, ambapo alicheza dhidi ya mmoja wa wachezaji mashuhuri wa Afrika Kusini, Marks Maponyane<ref>Kauraisa, Jesse (23 June 2020). "[https://www.namibiansun.com/news/i-told-geingob-i-would-score2020-06-23 'I TOLD GEINGOB I WOULD SCORE'".] Namibian Sun.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]] 7ebbv52ldn1aiyu2pje4c0u9l6s5vvi 0 253833 1606366 2026-10-08T19:53:48Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jeremiah Baisako''' (alizaliwa 13 Julai 1980) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka [[Namibia]] ambaye aliichezea [[timu]] ya taifa ya Namibia.<ref>[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/23164.html Jeremiah Baisako] at National-Football-Teams.com</ref> Baisako alicheza [[soka]] la ndani katika klabu za United Africa Tigers, Ramblers F.C. na SK Windhoek. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] Jamii:Watu wali...' 1606366 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jeremiah Baisako''' (alizaliwa 13 Julai 1980) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka [[Namibia]] ambaye aliichezea [[timu]] ya taifa ya Namibia.<ref>[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/23164.html Jeremiah Baisako] at National-Football-Teams.com</ref> Baisako alicheza [[soka]] la ndani katika klabu za United Africa Tigers, Ramblers F.C. na SK Windhoek. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] 74sbij6izd3wtktyb8mzahpcp53s7fz 0 253834 1606367 2026-10-08T19:59:05Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Collin Benjamin''' (alizaliwa 3 Agosti 1978) ni [[kocha]] wa kitaalamu wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Namibia na [[mchezaji]] wa zamani aliyekuwa akicheza kama kiungo. Ni kocha mkuu wa timu ya taifa ya Namibia. Alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya soka la kulipwa katika Hamburger SV, huku pia akiichezea Namibia katika ngazi ya kimataifa.<ref>[https://www.kicker.de/collin-benjamin/spieler/bundesliga/2009-10/hamburger-sv "Benjamin, Collin"] (in German). Kick...' 1606367 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Collin Benjamin''' (alizaliwa 3 Agosti 1978) ni [[kocha]] wa kitaalamu wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Namibia na [[mchezaji]] wa zamani aliyekuwa akicheza kama kiungo. Ni kocha mkuu wa timu ya taifa ya Namibia. Alitumia sehemu kubwa ya maisha yake ya soka la kulipwa katika Hamburger SV, huku pia akiichezea Namibia katika ngazi ya kimataifa.<ref>[https://www.kicker.de/collin-benjamin/spieler/bundesliga/2009-10/hamburger-sv "Benjamin, Collin"] (in German). Kicker. Retrieved 30 October 2010.</ref> == Kazi == Benjamin aliiwakilisha Namibia katika Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika la 2008 na aliichezea timu ya taifa michezo 32. Aliwahi pia kuwa nahodha wa timu hiyo kwa miaka kadhaa. Benjamin alijulikana kwa kasi yake na mara nyingi alitumika katika nafasi ya pembeni kama mlinzi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110925043745/http://www.tsv1860.de/teams/profis/spieler/2011-2012/collin-benjamin-91/lebenslauf "Player Profile".] TSV 1860 Munich. Archived from the original on 25 September 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2012.</ref> Mwezi Juni 2022, aliteuliwa kuwa kocha mkuu wa timu ya taifa ya [[Namibia]], akimrithi Bobby Samaria. Baada ya kutumia miaka 10 katika Hamburg, Benjamin alimaliza maisha yake ya kucheza soka nchini Ujerumani akiwa na 1860 Munich, ambako baadaye alifanya kazi katika mfumo wa ukocha wa klabu hiyo. Benjamin, ambaye aliichezea Namibia michezo 41 na pia aliwahi kuwa nahodha wa nchi hiyo, alisema alikuwa tayari kukabiliana na changamoto ya ukocha wa Brave Warriors, ingawa alihitaji rasilimali ili kutekeleza majukumu yaliyokuwa mbele yake. Namibia ilianza kampeni yake ya kufuzu kwa Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika la 2023 kwa sare ya 1–1 dhidi ya [[Burundi]] katika mechi iliyochezwa kwenye uwanja wa upande wowote huko Johannesburg mwezi Juni 2022. Mbali na kuiwakilisha Hamburg na 1860 Munich katika kipindi chake cha kucheza soka, Benjamin bado ndiye Mnamibia pekee aliyewahi kucheza katika Ligi ya Mabingwa ya UEFA. == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1978]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] qdvw9hhu60zinv0uzloq7aykxvzz93p 0 253835 1606368 2026-10-08T20:04:11Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Seth Boois''' (alifariki 2020) alikuwa [[meneja]] wa mpira wa miguu na [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Namibia. == Kazi ya uchezaji == Mbali na kucheza [[mpira]] wa miguu akiwa mchezaji wa vijana, Boois pia alikuwa bondia.<ref>[https://neweralive.na/posts/geingob-remembers-man-of-many-talents-seth-booisas-tributes-continue-to-pour-in "'man of many talents' Seth Boois".] neweralive.na.</ref> == Kazi ya ukocha == Baada ya kufanya kazi kama meneja...' 1606368 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Seth Boois''' (alifariki 2020) alikuwa [[meneja]] wa mpira wa miguu na [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Namibia. == Kazi ya uchezaji == Mbali na kucheza [[mpira]] wa miguu akiwa mchezaji wa vijana, Boois pia alikuwa bondia.<ref>[https://neweralive.na/posts/geingob-remembers-man-of-many-talents-seth-booisas-tributes-continue-to-pour-in "'man of many talents' Seth Boois".] neweralive.na.</ref> == Kazi ya ukocha == Baada ya kufanya kazi kama meneja wa timu ya taifa ya Namibia, Boois alifanya kazi kama mkurugenzi wa ufundi wa timu hiyo. == Kazi ya uandishi == Boois aliandika [[vitabu]] viwili kuhusu mpira wa miguu nchini Namibia. == Maisha binafsi na kifo == Boois alizaliwa Otjiwarongo, Namibia, na alikulia akiwa shabiki wa klabu ya Namibia Black Africa S.C. Boois alikuwa ameoa Yvonne Boois na alikuwa na watoto. Alifariki mwaka 2020 baada ya kuugua COVID-19.<ref>[https://www.namibiansun.com/news/former-warriors-pay-tribute-to-seth-boois2020-09-24 "Seth Boois - Namibian Sun article".] 24 September 2020.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2020]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] 45gtt8mu1vxcrzhkjv2lc4uhe3l7heq 0 253836 1606369 2026-10-08T20:19:47Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Brian Brendell''' (alizaliwa 7 Septemba 1986 huko '''Rehoboth''') ni kiungo wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Namibia]] anayeichezea FC Civics ya Ligi Kuu ya Namibia. Ni mwanachama wa [[timu]] ya taifa ya Namibia, ambayo aliwakilisha katika [[Kombe]] la Mataifa ya Afrika la 2008.<ref>[http://www.civicsfc.com/index.php?c=ppf_brian Player profile]</ref><ref>[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/15373.html Brian Brendell] at National-Football-Teams.com...' 1606369 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brian Brendell''' (alizaliwa 7 Septemba 1986 huko '''Rehoboth''') ni kiungo wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Namibia]] anayeichezea FC Civics ya Ligi Kuu ya Namibia. Ni mwanachama wa [[timu]] ya taifa ya Namibia, ambayo aliwakilisha katika [[Kombe]] la Mataifa ya Afrika la 2008.<ref>[http://www.civicsfc.com/index.php?c=ppf_brian Player profile]</ref><ref>[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/15373.html Brian Brendell] at National-Football-Teams.com</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1986]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] pzmvntv3t9ghwuvl6499ldp8uyrlaz3 0 253837 1606370 2026-10-08T20:23:52Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Danzyl Bruwer''' (alizaliwa 5 Novemba 1976) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka Namibia, ambaye aliwahi kucheza katika Ajax Cape Town FC ya Ligi Kuu ya Soka nchini Afrika Kusini. == Kazi ya klabu == Bruwer alizaliwa Khomasdal, Windhoek, na alianza kucheza mpira wa miguu katika [[klabu]] ya eneo lake ya Young Ones, ambapo haraka alichukua nafasi ya kipa aliyekuwa akicheza mara kwa mara, Reus Nortje. Baadaye alikwenda nje ya nchi na kuche...' 1606370 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Danzyl Bruwer''' (alizaliwa 5 Novemba 1976) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka Namibia, ambaye aliwahi kucheza katika Ajax Cape Town FC ya Ligi Kuu ya Soka nchini Afrika Kusini. == Kazi ya klabu == Bruwer alizaliwa Khomasdal, Windhoek, na alianza kucheza mpira wa miguu katika [[klabu]] ya eneo lake ya Young Ones, ambapo haraka alichukua nafasi ya kipa aliyekuwa akicheza mara kwa mara, Reus Nortje. Baadaye alikwenda nje ya nchi na kucheza katika klabu ya daraja la pili ya Afrika Kusini, Avendale Athletico, kabla ya kujiunga na Wits University ya daraja la juu, ambako alicheza pamoja na wachezaji wenzake wa timu ya taifa ya Namibia Richard Gariseb na Paulus Shipanga. Baadaye alihamia Ajax Cape Town.<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/200809230489.html "South Africa/Namibia: Ajax Sign Namibian Minder".] Kickoff Cape Town. allafrica.com. 23 September 2008.</ref> === Mashtaka ya matumizi ya dawa zilizopigwa marufuku === Mwezi Desemba 2008, Bruwer alifanyiwa vipimo na kubainika kuwa ametumia dutu iliyopigwa marufuku. Bruwer hakurejea katika klabu hiyo ili kujitetea dhidi ya tuhuma hizo, badala yake alibaki nchini Namibia. Ajax Cape Town baadaye ilisitisha mkataba wake, ambao wakati huo ulikuwa bado umebakiza miaka miwili. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Bruwer alikuwa mchezaji wa timu ya taifa ya Namibia na alijumuishwa katika kikosi cha [[Namibia]] katika Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika la 1998. Alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza kwa Brave Warriors katika mechi ya kirafiki dhidi ya Lesotho mwezi Novemba 1997. Kwa jumla, aliichezea timu hiyo michezo 28. == Maisha binafsi == Baada ya kustaafu kucheza soka, Bruwer alifanya kazi kama mtangazaji wa redio na ndiye mmiliki wa New Season Investment. Pia aliwahi kufanya kazi katika kampuni inayobobea katika kufunga vifaa vya ufuatiliaji wa magari.<ref>Angula, Conrad (13 February 2014). [https://www.namibiansun.com/news/class-of-1998-where-are-they-now "CLASS OF 1998: WHERE ARE THEY NOW?".] The Namibian Sun. Retrieved 24 September 2023.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Namibia]] 8n6q4ezhwj8e06q011jk8d6gtk8xpoj 0 253838 1606371 2026-10-08T20:32:04Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Zenatha Goeieman Coleman''' (alizaliwa 25 Septemba 1993) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kulipwa wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Namibia, anayecheza kama winga katika klabu ya Dogan Türk Birlıgı na ni nahodha wa timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Namibia.<ref>[https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/dropped-namibia-women-s-team-captain-zenatha-coleman-ponders-retirement/ "Dropped Namibia women's team captain Zenatha Coleman ponders retirement".] 20 August 2026. Retrieved 20 Au...' 1606371 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zenatha Goeieman Coleman''' (alizaliwa 25 Septemba 1993) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kulipwa wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Namibia, anayecheza kama winga katika klabu ya Dogan Türk Birlıgı na ni nahodha wa timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Namibia.<ref>[https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/dropped-namibia-women-s-team-captain-zenatha-coleman-ponders-retirement/ "Dropped Namibia women's team captain Zenatha Coleman ponders retirement".] 20 August 2026. Retrieved 20 August 2026.</ref> Coleman alichaguliwa kuwa mchezaji bora wa [[mashindano]] katika Mashindano ya Wanawake ya COSAFA ya 2025. == Kazi ya klabu == Mwezi Oktoba 2022, Coleman alihamia [[Uturuki]] na kusaini mkataba na klabu ya Fenerbahçe S.K. ya Istanbul ili kucheza katika Ligi Kuu ya Soka ya Wanawake ya Uturuki. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Coleman alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Namibia katika Mashindano ya Afrika ya [[Wanawake]] ya 2014. Katika Mashindano ya Wanawake ya COSAFA ya 2025, alichaguliwa kuwa mchezaji bora wa mashindano baada ya kushinda tuzo ya mchezaji bora wa mchezo mara mbili, ikiwa ni pamoja na katika fainali, ambapo Namibia ilishinda ubingwa wake wa kwanza wa mashindano hayo.<ref>[https://cosafa.com/en-fr-pr-namibia-stun-hosts-south-africa-to-be-crowned-cosafa-champions/ "EN, FR, PR: Namibia stun hosts South Africa to be crowned COSAFA champions".] COSAFA | The Council of Southern Africa Football Associations. 1 March 2026. Retrieved 2 March 2026.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] ioq6btnaumvuthgasg877aflhoz2psi 1606413 1606371 2026-10-09T04:41:21Z InternetArchiveBot 41439 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 1606413 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zenatha Goeieman Coleman''' (alizaliwa 25 Septemba 1993) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kulipwa wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Namibia, anayecheza kama winga katika klabu ya Dogan Türk Birlıgı na ni nahodha wa timu ya taifa ya wanawake ya Namibia.<ref>[https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/dropped-namibia-women-s-team-captain-zenatha-coleman-ponders-retirement/ "Dropped Namibia women's team captain Zenatha Coleman ponders retirement".] {{Wayback|url=https://www.panafricafootball.com/post/dropped-namibia-women-s-team-captain-zenatha-coleman-ponders-retirement/ |date=20250915102423 }} 20 August 2026. Retrieved 20 August 2026.</ref> Coleman alichaguliwa kuwa mchezaji bora wa [[mashindano]] katika Mashindano ya Wanawake ya COSAFA ya 2025. == Kazi ya klabu == Mwezi Oktoba 2022, Coleman alihamia [[Uturuki]] na kusaini mkataba na klabu ya Fenerbahçe S.K. ya Istanbul ili kucheza katika Ligi Kuu ya Soka ya Wanawake ya Uturuki. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Coleman alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha Namibia katika Mashindano ya Afrika ya [[Wanawake]] ya 2014. Katika Mashindano ya Wanawake ya COSAFA ya 2025, alichaguliwa kuwa mchezaji bora wa mashindano baada ya kushinda tuzo ya mchezaji bora wa mchezo mara mbili, ikiwa ni pamoja na katika fainali, ambapo Namibia ilishinda ubingwa wake wa kwanza wa mashindano hayo.<ref>[https://cosafa.com/en-fr-pr-namibia-stun-hosts-south-africa-to-be-crowned-cosafa-champions/ "EN, FR, PR: Namibia stun hosts South Africa to be crowned COSAFA champions".] COSAFA | The Council of Southern Africa Football Associations. 1 March 2026. Retrieved 2 March 2026.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1993]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] pvpubbstl42pb2551zaqn2y1g5jadup 0 253839 1606372 2026-10-08T20:56:35Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Angula da Costa''' (alizaliwa 17 Machi 1987) ni mlinzi wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka [[Namibia]], anayecheza katika Black Africa S.C. na [[timu]] ya taifa ya Namibia. Alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza wa kimataifa kwa Namibia mwezi Novemba 2011, na kwa jumla ameichezea timu yake ya taifa [[michezo]] mitano.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121105070549/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=350849/index.html "Angula DA COST...' 1606372 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Angula da Costa''' (alizaliwa 17 Machi 1987) ni mlinzi wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka [[Namibia]], anayecheza katika Black Africa S.C. na [[timu]] ya taifa ya Namibia. Alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza wa kimataifa kwa Namibia mwezi Novemba 2011, na kwa jumla ameichezea timu yake ya taifa [[michezo]] mitano.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121105070549/http://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=350849/index.html "Angula DA COSTA".] FIFA. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 21 September 2014.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] ifi6kgp4649y1tin0ql6l4vity1dmm8 0 253840 1606392 2026-10-09T02:54:42Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Petrus Tileinge Damaseb''' (alizaliwa 26 Juni 1962 huko Tsumeb, katika Mkoa wa Oshikoto) ni jaji kutoka [[Namibia]] anayehudumu kama Rais wa Majaji wa Mahakama Kuu ya Namibia na pia Naibu Jaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Juu ya Namibia. == Elimu == Damaseb alisoma katika shule zilizopo Tsumeb, Grootfontein na Uis, kabla ya kujiunga na harakati za ukombozi na kwenda uhamishoni nchini Zambia. Akiwa Zambia, alisoma katika Taasisi ya Umoja wa Mataifa ya Namibia,...' 1606392 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Petrus Tileinge Damaseb''' (alizaliwa 26 Juni 1962 huko Tsumeb, katika Mkoa wa Oshikoto) ni jaji kutoka [[Namibia]] anayehudumu kama Rais wa Majaji wa Mahakama Kuu ya Namibia na pia Naibu Jaji Mkuu wa Mahakama ya Juu ya Namibia. == Elimu == Damaseb alisoma katika shule zilizopo Tsumeb, Grootfontein na Uis, kabla ya kujiunga na harakati za ukombozi na kwenda uhamishoni nchini Zambia. Akiwa Zambia, alisoma katika Taasisi ya Umoja wa Mataifa ya Namibia, ambako alipata stashahada ya masomo ya maendeleo na usimamizi, akijikita katika sheria. Mwaka 1984, alihitimu kuwa hakimu kupitia Taasisi ya Taifa ya Utawala wa Umma ya Zambia, kwa [[ushirikiano]] na taasisi hiyo ya Umoja wa Mataifa. Baadaye, alipata ufadhili wa masomo kutoka Umoja wa Mataifa na kujiunga na Chuo Kikuu cha Warwick nchini Uingereza, ambako alihitimu [[shahada]] ya sheria ya LLB kwa heshima. == Kazi == Damaseb alirejea Namibia mwaka 1989, wakati nchi hiyo ilikuwa ikijiandaa kwa uchaguzi wake wa kwanza wa kidemokrasia. Kuanzia mwaka 1990, Namibia ilipopata uhuru, hadi mwaka 1997, alihudumu kama afisa mkuu wa serikali. Kuanzia mwaka 1997 hadi 2004, alifanya kazi katika taaluma ya [[sheria]] katika sekta binafsi. Mwaka 2004, aliteuliwa kuwa jaji wa kudumu wa Mahakama Kuu ya Namibia. Pia amewahi kuwa jaji katika Mahakama ya Jumuiya ya Maendeleo Kusini mwa Afrika (SADC). Alihudumu katika Kamati ya [[Maadili]] ya FIFA na alikuwa makamu mwenyekiti wa Bodi ya Rufaa ya Shirikisho la Soka Afrika (CAF). <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110722234723/http://www.superiorcourts.org.na/high/judge_president/resume.html Petrus Damaseb] at SuperiorCourts.org.na</ref>Vilevile, aliwahi kuongoza Chama cha Soka cha Namibia. Damaseb aliingia rasmi katika taaluma ya sheria nchini Namibia mwaka 1995. Kabla na wakati wa utumishi wake wa umma, aliwahi kuwa Katibu Mkuu katika Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu, Katibu wa Baraza la Mawaziri na Katibu wa Rais.<ref>[http://www.namibian.com.na/sport/local/full-story/archive/2009/march/article/damaseb-goes-for-england-bid/ Damaseb goes for England bid] Archived 7 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine The Namibian, 25 March 2009</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1962]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] 1heqghe5pfcun3jvyg15zdikndirruy 0 253841 1606393 2026-10-09T02:57:42Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Floris Diergaardt''' (alizaliwa 23 Septemba 1980 huko Windhoek) ni [[mshambuliaji]] wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Namibia, ambaye anachezea FC Civics. Pia ni mchezaji wa timu ya taifa ya Namibia. Mwanzoni mwa [[maisha]] yake ya soka, Diergaardt alicheza katika Oberliga, [[ligi]] ya daraja la nne nchini Ujerumani, akiwa na TuS Germania Schnelsen.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162033/https://www.namibian.com.na/archive19982004/1999/September/sport/...' 1606393 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Floris Diergaardt''' (alizaliwa 23 Septemba 1980 huko Windhoek) ni [[mshambuliaji]] wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Namibia, ambaye anachezea FC Civics. Pia ni mchezaji wa timu ya taifa ya Namibia. Mwanzoni mwa [[maisha]] yake ya soka, Diergaardt alicheza katika Oberliga, [[ligi]] ya daraja la nne nchini Ujerumani, akiwa na TuS Germania Schnelsen.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162033/https://www.namibian.com.na/archive19982004/1999/September/sport/shines.htm "Diergaardt shines for German club".] The Namibian. 14 September 1999. Archived from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 31 May 2022.</ref> == Historia ya klabu == * 1998–1999: Germania Schnelsen, Ujerumani * 1999–2000: Young Ones FC * 2000–2001: Ajax Cape Town, Afrika Kusini * 2001–2002: Avendale Athletico, Afrika Kusini == Mafanikio == Namibia * Kombe la COSAFA: Alimaliza kama mshindi wa pili mwaka 1999.<ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesc/cosafa99-det.html "COSAFA Cup 1999 Details".] Retrieved 18 April 2026.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] gdrs71hudfdjzf4l5ay0lhoxo8ewgp7 0 253842 1606394 2026-10-09T03:00:45Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Johnny Doeseb''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1975 huko '''Omaruru''') ni [[mfanyabiashara]] kutoka Namibia na aliyekuwa mmiliki wa [[klabu]] ya mpira wa miguu ya Eleven Arrows F.C., iliyopo Walvis Bay. Anamiliki kampuni ya ujenzi. Mwaka 2008, licha ya kuwa shabiki wa [[klabu]] ya Black Africa, alinunua Eleven Arrows F.C., iliyokuwa ikishiriki katika [[Ligi]] Kuu ya Namibia. Pia alijenga makazi ya wachezaji katika eneo la Kuisbemond, mjini Walvis Bay.<ref>[http://...' 1606394 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Johnny Doeseb''' (alizaliwa mwaka 1975 huko '''Omaruru''') ni [[mfanyabiashara]] kutoka Namibia na aliyekuwa mmiliki wa [[klabu]] ya mpira wa miguu ya Eleven Arrows F.C., iliyopo Walvis Bay. Anamiliki kampuni ya ujenzi. Mwaka 2008, licha ya kuwa shabiki wa [[klabu]] ya Black Africa, alinunua Eleven Arrows F.C., iliyokuwa ikishiriki katika [[Ligi]] Kuu ya Namibia. Pia alijenga makazi ya wachezaji katika eneo la Kuisbemond, mjini Walvis Bay.<ref>[http://www.namibiasport.com.na/?q=node/6265 JJ Doeseb - Transforming Eleven Arrows] Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine Namibia Sport, 26 December 2008</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara]] 2amiwfxlts5aet23wc985l13esi19oq 0 253843 1606395 2026-10-09T03:03:22Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rodney Wallace Doeseb''' (alizaliwa 10 Septemba 1977) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka Namibia, aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[ulinzi]].<ref>[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/4562.html "Rodney Doeseb".] National Football Teams. Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann. Retrieved 12 February 2020.</ref> == Mafanikio == Namibia * Kombe la COSAFA: Alimaliza kama mshindi wa pili mwaka 1999.<ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesc/cosafa99...' 1606395 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rodney Wallace Doeseb''' (alizaliwa 10 Septemba 1977) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka Namibia, aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya [[ulinzi]].<ref>[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/4562.html "Rodney Doeseb".] National Football Teams. Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann. Retrieved 12 February 2020.</ref> == Mafanikio == Namibia * Kombe la COSAFA: Alimaliza kama mshindi wa pili mwaka 1999.<ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesc/cosafa99-det.html "COSAFA Cup 1999 Details".] Retrieved 18 April 2026.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] 1fbz5t7qf90svyvijgfiucpt47h8wgu 0 253844 1606396 2026-10-09T03:06:07Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Susanna Zelda Eises''' (alizaliwa 18 Januari 1991) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka Namibia, anayecheza nafasi ya kipa. Anajulikana kwa jina la utani Damara. Eises alianza kucheza mpira wa miguu katika klabu ya Okahandja Beauties FC. Mwaka 2006, alichaguliwa kujiunga na [[timu]] ya taifa ya wanawake ya Namibia, akicheza nafasi ya mlinzi. Katikati ya mwaka 2011, alihamia nafasi ya kipa na kuendelea kucheza katika nafasi hiyo hadi Julai 2012, ali...' 1606396 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susanna Zelda Eises''' (alizaliwa 18 Januari 1991) ni mchezaji wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka Namibia, anayecheza nafasi ya kipa. Anajulikana kwa jina la utani Damara. Eises alianza kucheza mpira wa miguu katika klabu ya Okahandja Beauties FC. Mwaka 2006, alichaguliwa kujiunga na [[timu]] ya taifa ya wanawake ya Namibia, akicheza nafasi ya mlinzi. Katikati ya mwaka 2011, alihamia nafasi ya kipa na kuendelea kucheza katika nafasi hiyo hadi Julai 2012, aliposimamishwa kushiriki katika [[michezo]]. Eises alikuwa sehemu ya kikosi cha [[Namibia]] kilichoshiriki Mashindano ya Afrika ya Wanawake ya 2014. Katika ngazi ya klabu, anachezea Khomas Nampol Ladies FC nchini Namibia.<ref>[http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/competitions/tn9thafricanwomenchampionship-namibia/news.aspx/NewsDetails?id=QUAxGrgCv8FoC60qFPDswQ%3d%3d "Host Namibia unveil final squad".] cafonline.com. 3 October 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.nfa.org.na/?q=node/2570 "Shipanga names Gladiators for Women Championship".] nfa.org.na. 2 October 2014.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1991]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] firpe2yzdycl6c9k7z2cxhp4qhiabgh 0 253845 1606397 2026-10-09T03:09:58Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Phillip Gariseb''' (alizaliwa 6 Septemba 1973) ni [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Namibia]].<ref>[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/66792/Phillip_Gariseb.html "Phillip Gariseb".] National Football Teams. Retrieved 2 May 2021.</ref> == Kazi ya klabu == Gariseb alitumia mwaka mmoja akicheza soka nchini Ujerumani katika klabu ya FC Penzberg, ambako alicheza pamoja na wachezaji wenzake wa timu ya taifa ya Namibia, Frans Ananias na Eras...' 1606397 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Phillip Gariseb''' (alizaliwa 6 Septemba 1973) ni [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Namibia]].<ref>[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/66792/Phillip_Gariseb.html "Phillip Gariseb".] National Football Teams. Retrieved 2 May 2021.</ref> == Kazi ya klabu == Gariseb alitumia mwaka mmoja akicheza soka nchini Ujerumani katika klabu ya FC Penzberg, ambako alicheza pamoja na wachezaji wenzake wa timu ya taifa ya Namibia, Frans Ananias na Erastus Gariseb. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Kuanzia mwaka 1995 hadi 1999, aliichezea timu ya taifa ya Namibia [[michezo]] 18. Pia alijumuishwa katika kikosi cha Namibia kilichoshiriki [[Kombe]] la Mataifa ya Afrika la 1998. == Mafanikio == Namibia * [[Kombe]] la COSAFA: Alimaliza kama mshindi wa pili mwaka 1999.<ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesc/cosafa99-det.html "COSAFA Cup 1999 Details".] Retrieved 18 April 2026.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1973]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] 8dfz9kyn6w8akqszhg18gwml1ey6tb0 0 253846 1606398 2026-10-09T03:12:42Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Richard Gariseb''' (alizaliwa 3 Februari 1980 huko Okahandja) ni mlinzi wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka [[Namibia]]. Anachezea klabu ya Bhawanipore F.C. na timu ya taifa ya Namibia. Alishiriki katika [[Kombe]] la Mataifa ya Afrika la 2008 akiwa sehemu ya kikosi cha [[timu]] ya taifa ya Namibia.<ref>Strack-Zimmermann, Benjamin. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220204200218/https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/4570/Richard_Gariseb.html "NFT player...' 1606398 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Richard Gariseb''' (alizaliwa 3 Februari 1980 huko Okahandja) ni mlinzi wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka [[Namibia]]. Anachezea klabu ya Bhawanipore F.C. na timu ya taifa ya Namibia. Alishiriki katika [[Kombe]] la Mataifa ya Afrika la 2008 akiwa sehemu ya kikosi cha [[timu]] ya taifa ya Namibia.<ref>Strack-Zimmermann, Benjamin. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220204200218/https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/4570/Richard_Gariseb.html "NFT player — National team & Club appearances: Gariseb, Richard"]. national-football-teams.com. Archived from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 12 December 2022.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] hif6357mg5nm8fuq2bw9ramznqfjju1 0 253847 1606399 2026-10-09T03:15:19Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Ananias Junior Gebhardt''' (alizaliwa 8 Septemba 1988) ni mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka Namibia, anayecheza nafasi ya [[beki]] wa kushoto katika [[klabu]] ya Baroka, inayoshiriki Ligi Kuu ya Afrika Kusini.<ref>[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/43944.html "Ananias Gebhardt".] National Football Teams. Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann. Retrieved 8 July 2020.</ref><ref>[https://int.soccerway.com/players/ananias-gebhardt/217126/ An...' 1606399 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ananias Junior Gebhardt''' (alizaliwa 8 Septemba 1988) ni mchezaji wa kulipwa wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka Namibia, anayecheza nafasi ya [[beki]] wa kushoto katika [[klabu]] ya Baroka, inayoshiriki Ligi Kuu ya Afrika Kusini.<ref>[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/43944.html "Ananias Gebhardt".] National Football Teams. Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann. Retrieved 8 July 2020.</ref><ref>[https://int.soccerway.com/players/ananias-gebhardt/217126/ Ananias Gebhardt] at Soccerway. Retrieved 8 July 2020.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] iuyv9hfr3xc2wbpwbiuvurt44eaeumd 0 253848 1606400 2026-10-09T03:18:07Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Nelson Geingob''' (alizaliwa 6 Aprili 1982) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka Namibia. Alichezea [[klabu]] mbalimbali za Namibia, zikiwemo Chief Santos, Black Africa, Civics Windhoek na Oshakati City. Pia aliwahi kuiwakilisha [[timu]] ya taifa ya Namibia.<ref>[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/4561.html Nelson Geingob] at National-Football-Teams.com</ref><ref>[https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/nelson-geingob...' 1606400 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nelson Geingob''' (alizaliwa 6 Aprili 1982) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka Namibia. Alichezea [[klabu]] mbalimbali za Namibia, zikiwemo Chief Santos, Black Africa, Civics Windhoek na Oshakati City. Pia aliwahi kuiwakilisha [[timu]] ya taifa ya Namibia.<ref>[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/4561.html Nelson Geingob] at National-Football-Teams.com</ref><ref>[https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/nelson-geingob/ Nelson Geingob] at WorldFootball.net</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] lhkxwonrd0ep5aevi1hjphk8jjowofz 0 253849 1606401 2026-10-09T03:21:21Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Roman Brown Geoffrey''' (alizaliwa 26 Februari 1982 huko Karasburg, katika Mkoa wa ǁKaras) ni [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu wa kimataifa kutoka [[Namibia]], ambaye ameichezea klabu ya Ramblers F.C. == Kazi ya kulipwa == * Orlando Pirates F.C. Windhoek (1998–2000) * African Stars F.C. (2001–2003) * Germania Dattenfeld (2003) * MSV Duisburg (2003–2004) * Rot-Weiß Oberhausen (2004–2005) == Kazi ya kimataifa == Geoffrey ni mchezaji wa zamani w...' 1606401 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Roman Brown Geoffrey''' (alizaliwa 26 Februari 1982 huko Karasburg, katika Mkoa wa ǁKaras) ni [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu wa kimataifa kutoka [[Namibia]], ambaye ameichezea klabu ya Ramblers F.C. == Kazi ya kulipwa == * Orlando Pirates F.C. Windhoek (1998–2000) * African Stars F.C. (2001–2003) * Germania Dattenfeld (2003) * MSV Duisburg (2003–2004) * Rot-Weiß Oberhausen (2004–2005) == Kazi ya kimataifa == Geoffrey ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[timu]] ya taifa ya Namibia, inayojulikana kwa jina la [[utani]] Brave Warriors. Aliichezea timu hiyo ya wakubwa michezo 12.<ref>[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/4598.html Roman Geoffrey] at National-Football-Teams.com</ref> == Mafanikio == Namibia * Kombe la COSAFA: Alimaliza kama mshindi wa pili mwaka 1999.<ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesc/cosafa99-det.html "COSAFA Cup 1999 Details".] Retrieved April 18, 2026.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1982]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] j3j8hyngrcowbajov1vb82bwkalb99y 0 253850 1606402 2026-10-09T03:46:28Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Steven Goaxab''' (alizaliwa 16 Oktoba 1983 huko Grootfontein)<ref>[https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe127993/steven-goaxab/ "Steven Goaxab".] worldfootball.net. HEIM:SPIEL Medien GmbH & Co. KG. Retrieved 16 November 2023.</ref> ni [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Namibia. Alichezea Orlando Pirates S.C. katika [[Ligi]] Kuu ya Namibia na Carara Kicks F.C. katika Ligi ya Daraja la Kwanza ya Taifa nchini Afrika Kusini. Pia aliwahi kuiwakilisha tim...' 1606402 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Steven Goaxab''' (alizaliwa 16 Oktoba 1983 huko Grootfontein)<ref>[https://www.worldfootball.net/person/pe127993/steven-goaxab/ "Steven Goaxab".] worldfootball.net. HEIM:SPIEL Medien GmbH & Co. KG. Retrieved 16 November 2023.</ref> ni [[mchezaji]] wa mpira wa miguu kutoka Namibia. Alichezea Orlando Pirates S.C. katika [[Ligi]] Kuu ya Namibia na Carara Kicks F.C. katika Ligi ya Daraja la Kwanza ya Taifa nchini Afrika Kusini. Pia aliwahi kuiwakilisha timu ya taifa ya [[Namibia]] katika mashindano ya kimataifa.<ref>[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/26305.html Steven Goaxab] at National-Football-Teams.com</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1983]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] lf9ttadgykdbwbduuq505wvtsws0dqt 0 253851 1606404 2026-10-09T03:49:20Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Silvester Goraseb''' (alizaliwa 7 Septemba 1974) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka [[Namibia]], ambaye ni mwenyekiti wa klabu ya Black Africa, inayoshiriki katika Ligi Kuu ya Namibia. Pia ni rais wa NAFPU, chama cha wachezaji wa mpira wa miguu nchini Namibia.<ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/CAF-and-FIFPro-Africa-Division-sign-5-year-agreement-689794 CAF and FIFPro Africa Division sign 5-year agreement] - GhanaW...' 1606404 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Silvester Goraseb''' (alizaliwa 7 Septemba 1974) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka [[Namibia]], ambaye ni mwenyekiti wa klabu ya Black Africa, inayoshiriki katika Ligi Kuu ya Namibia. Pia ni rais wa NAFPU, chama cha wachezaji wa mpira wa miguu nchini Namibia.<ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/CAF-and-FIFPro-Africa-Division-sign-5-year-agreement-689794 CAF and FIFPro Africa Division sign 5-year agreement] - GhanaWeb</ref> == Kazi ya klabu == Goraseb alizaliwa Windhoek na kukulia katika Katutura, eneo kubwa la makazi ya watu mjini humo. Mwaka 1992, alijiunga na Black Africa akitokea klabu ya Try Again. Akiwa na Black Africa, alishinda mataji matatu ya ligi. == Kazi ya kimataifa == Goraseb, aliyejulikana kwa jina la utani Lolo, aliichezea [[timu]] ya taifa ya Namibia kuanzia mwaka 1996 hadi 2001, ikiwemo kushiriki katika Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika la 1998. Alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza wa kimataifa kwa Namibia dhidi ya [[Mali]] mwezi Oktoba 1994. Kwa jumla, aliichezea timu ya taifa, inayojulikana kwa jina la utani Brave Warriors, michezo 66 na kufunga mabao saba. == Maisha binafsi == Baba yake, Steve Stephanus, na mjomba wake, Norries Goraseb, wote walikuwa wachezaji waliofanya vizuri katika klabu ya Orlando Pirates, mojawapo ya klabu mashuhuri za Katutura. Goraseb anafanya kazi kama mchambuzi mkuu wa sera za rasilimali [[watu]] katika Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu wa Namibia. == Mafanikio == Namibia * Kombe la COSAFA: Alimaliza kama mshindi wa pili mwaka 1997 na 1999.<ref>[https://www.rsssf.org/tablesc/cosafa99-det.html "COSAFA Cup 1999 Details".] Retrieved 18 April 2026.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] s3po959ep7usuqb9a8ly4hrsgvm90gq 0 253852 1606405 2026-10-09T03:52:54Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sandro de Gouveia''' (alizaliwa 28 Julai 1968) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka [[Namibia]]. Alicheza katika nafasi ya kiungo. == Kazi ya klabu == De Gouveia alizaliwa Walvis Bay. Mwaka 1990, alijiunga na Cape Town Spurs, akitokea kwa wapinzani wao wa mjini, Vasco da Gama. Muda mfupi baadaye, alipata jeraha kubwa katika ajali ya gari ambalo lilitishia kumaliza maisha yake ya soka. Baada ya kupona kwa kipindi cha miaka miwili, ali...' 1606405 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sandro de Gouveia''' (alizaliwa 28 Julai 1968) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka [[Namibia]]. Alicheza katika nafasi ya kiungo. == Kazi ya klabu == De Gouveia alizaliwa Walvis Bay. Mwaka 1990, alijiunga na Cape Town Spurs, akitokea kwa wapinzani wao wa mjini, Vasco da Gama. Muda mfupi baadaye, alipata jeraha kubwa katika ajali ya gari ambalo lilitishia kumaliza maisha yake ya soka. Baada ya kupona kwa kipindi cha miaka miwili, alijiunga na klabu ya Maritimo ya nyumbani kwake, kisha akahamia Blue Waters, ambayo aliisaidia kushinda ubingwa wa ligi mwaka 1996. Alistaafu kucheza mpira wa miguu mwaka 1998 na kuanza kujitolea katika kuendeleza soka la vijana nchini Namibia.<ref>[https://kundana.com.na/posts/retired-footballers-put-their-money-where-their-mouths-arede-gouveia-sets-tone-for-youth-football-development-in-the-erongo-region "Retired footballers put their money where their mouths are…De Gouveia sets tone for youth football development in the Erongo Region".] New Era. 26 September 2018.</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == De Gouveia, aliyepewa jina la utani Jingles, aliichezea timu ya taifa ya Namibia kuanzia mwaka 1996 hadi 1998, ikiwemo kushiriki katika Kombe la Mataifa ya Afrika la 1998. Alifanya mchezo wake wa kwanza kwa timu ya taifa, inayojulikana kama Brave Warriors, katika mechi ya kufuzu kwa Kombe la Dunia la 1994 dhidi ya Madagaska, iliyochezwa Oktoba 1992. Alikuwa mmoja wa wachezaji wawili tu weupe waliowahi kuwa manahodha wa timu ya taifa ya Namibia. Kwa jumla, aliichezea timu hiyo michezo 31 na kufunga bao moja. == Maisha binafsi == De Gouveia anafanya kazi kama meneja mkuu wa kampuni ya Cavema Fishing. Ana watoto wawili na mke wake, Angelene. Pamoja na aliyekuwa mchezaji mwenzake wa [[timu]] ya taifa, Eliphas Shivute, alianzisha Playtime Trust Namibia, shirika linalolenga kuendeleza vipaji vya vijana katika mpira wa miguu na kriketi.<ref>Angula, Conrad (13 February 2014). [https://www.namibiansun.com/news/class-of-1998-where-are-they-now "CLASS OF 1998: WHERE ARE THEY NOW?".] The Namibian Sun. Retrieved 23 September 2023.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1968]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] gyi4qeao1gnixfslps9ox9opo9rrtsq 0 253853 1606406 2026-10-09T03:54:58Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Andrew "Freddie" Flintoff''' (alizaliwa [[6 Desemba]] [[1977]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Uingereza. Alijulikana kwa jina la utani "Freddie" na alikuwa all-rounder muhimu kwa Uingereza katika miaka ya 2000. Alizaliwa Lancashire na alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya Test mwaka 1998 dhidi ya [[Afrika Kusini]]. Alipata umaarufu mkubwa wakati wa Ashes ya 2005, ambapo Uingereza ilishinda [[Australia]] kwa mara ya kwanza tangu [[1987]]. Aliku...' 1606406 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andrew "Freddie" Flintoff''' (alizaliwa [[6 Desemba]] [[1977]]) ni mchezaji wa zamani wa [[kriketi]] kutoka Uingereza. Alijulikana kwa jina la utani "Freddie" na alikuwa all-rounder muhimu kwa Uingereza katika miaka ya 2000. Alizaliwa Lancashire na alicheza mechi yake ya kwanza ya Test mwaka 1998 dhidi ya [[Afrika Kusini]]. Alipata umaarufu mkubwa wakati wa Ashes ya 2005, ambapo Uingereza ilishinda [[Australia]] kwa mara ya kwanza tangu [[1987]]. Alikuwa nahodha wa Uingereza katika vipindi mbalimbali na alistaafu mwaka 2009. Baada ya kustaafu, alishiriki katika shughuli mbalimbali za televisheni na alikua mwalimu wa kriketi.<ref name="full retirement">{{cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/england/9005165.stm|title=Andrew Flintoff calls time on cricket career|date=16 September 2010|access-date=16 September 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513192659/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/cricket/england/9005165.stm|archive-date=13 May 2014|url-status=live|publisher=BBC Sport}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/boxing/9714885/Andrew-Freddie-Flintoff-v-Richard-Dawson-live.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | first=Rod | last=Gilmour | title=Andrew 'Freddie' Flintoff v Richard Dawson: live | date=30 November 2012 | access-date=2 April 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614005417/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/boxing/9714885/Andrew-Freddie-Flintoff-v-Richard-Dawson-live.html | archive-date=14 June 2018 | url-status=live }}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] pvqir5jiqbrhxn8jh4m480c65dgz2ag 0 253854 1606407 2026-10-09T03:55:06Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Brian Gurirab''' (alizaliwa 28 Oktoba 1984) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka [[Namibia]], aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya kiungo.<ref>[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/26304.html "Brian Gurirab".] National Football Teams. Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann. Retrieved 12 February 2020.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]]' 1606407 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Brian Gurirab''' (alizaliwa 28 Oktoba 1984) ni [[mchezaji]] wa zamani wa [[mpira]] wa miguu kutoka [[Namibia]], aliyekuwa akicheza nafasi ya kiungo.<ref>[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/26304.html "Brian Gurirab".] National Football Teams. Benjamin Strack-Zimmermann. Retrieved 12 February 2020.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1984]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] oongdn05ffmg5q65ccacpvbr44aj9u0 0 253855 1606408 2026-10-09T03:58:28Z Don Malya 61486 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Isaskar Gurirab''' (alizaliwa 1 Machi 1998) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kulipwa wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Namibia]], anayecheza nafasi ya mshambuliaji katika klabu ya Blue Waters tangu Agosti 2023. Alifunga bao katika mchezo wake wa kwanza baada ya kurejea nchini Namibia kutoka Orapa United, iliyokuwa ikishiriki Ligi Kuu ya Botswana. == Kazi ya klabu == Gurirab alizaliwa Uis, katika Mkoa wa Erongo, na alikuwa shabiki wa [[klabu]] ya Orlando Pirates. Baada ya k...' 1606408 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isaskar Gurirab''' (alizaliwa 1 Machi 1998) ni [[mchezaji]] wa kulipwa wa mpira wa miguu kutoka [[Namibia]], anayecheza nafasi ya mshambuliaji katika klabu ya Blue Waters tangu Agosti 2023. Alifunga bao katika mchezo wake wa kwanza baada ya kurejea nchini Namibia kutoka Orapa United, iliyokuwa ikishiriki Ligi Kuu ya Botswana. == Kazi ya klabu == Gurirab alizaliwa Uis, katika Mkoa wa Erongo, na alikuwa shabiki wa [[klabu]] ya Orlando Pirates. Baada ya kushindwa kufaulu majaribio ya kujiunga na klabu hiyo, alijiunga na Golden Bees FC ya Outjo kabla ya kuhamia Life Fighters. Gurirab alishinda tuzo za Mchezaji Bora wa Msimu (MVP) na Mfungaji Bora wa Ligi Kuu ya Namibia katika msimu wa 2018–19, baada ya kufunga mabao 22 katika michezo 24 akiwa na Life Fighters. Klabu hiyo ilimaliza katika nafasi ya tano kwenye ligi, katika msimu ambao ulikuwa wa kwanza kwa Gurirab kucheza katika ligi ya daraja la juu. Baada ya msimu huo, Gurirab alifanya majaribio ya kujiunga na Difaâ Hassani El Jadidi, inayoshiriki Ligi ya Botola nchini Morocco. Hata hivyo, majaribio hayo yalikatizwa na jeraha. Mwaka uliofuata, hatimaye alijiunga na Orlando Pirates kwa ajili ya msimu wa kwanza wa Ligi Kuu ya Soka ya Namibia. Gurirab alianza [[msimu]] kwa kasi katika mbio za ufungaji mabao, akifunga mabao nane katika hatua za mwanzo za ligi, yakiwemo mabao matano katika michezo miwili ya kwanza.<ref>Mupetami, Linda[https://www.namibiansun.com/news/jacobs-surprised-by-gurirabs-form2021-05-12 . "Jacobs Surprised by Gurirab's Form".] The Namibian Sun. Retrieved 2 February 2022.</ref> == Kazi ya kimataifa == Gurirab alicheza mchezo wake wa kwanza katika [[timu]] ya taifa ya wakubwa tarehe 28 Mei 2019, Namibia ilipofungwa na Malawi katika [[Kombe]] la COSAFA la 2019. Siku mbili baadaye, alifunga mabao yake mawili ya kwanza katika timu ya taifa ya wakubwa, Namibia ilipoishinda Shelisheli kwa mabao 3–0.<ref>[https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/74390/Isaskar_Gurirab.html "NFT profile".] National Football Teams. Retrieved 2 February 2022.</ref> == Marejeo == <references /> {{Mbegu-cheza-mpira}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji mpira wa Namibia]] 5av9ukqznematcx7xn3rppyt9n4moju 0 253856 1606409 2026-10-09T03:59:04Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sir Granville George Greenwood''' ( [[3 Januari]] [[1850]] – [[27 Oktoba]] [[1928]]) alikuwa [[wakili]], [[mwanasiasa]], na mwandishi kutoka Uingereza. Alizaliwa Kensington, [[London]], na alisoma Eton na Trinity College, Cambridge. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Liberal Party na alihudumu kama Mbunge wa [[Peterborough]] kati ya 1906 na 1915. Alijulikana sana kwa harakati zake za kupinga uhalisia wa William Shakespeare, akiandika vitabu kumi na mbili kuhusu s...' 1606409 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir Granville George Greenwood''' ( [[3 Januari]] [[1850]] – [[27 Oktoba]] [[1928]]) alikuwa [[wakili]], [[mwanasiasa]], na mwandishi kutoka Uingereza. Alizaliwa Kensington, [[London]], na alisoma Eton na Trinity College, Cambridge. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Liberal Party na alihudumu kama Mbunge wa [[Peterborough]] kati ya 1906 na 1915. Alijulikana sana kwa harakati zake za kupinga uhalisia wa William Shakespeare, akiandika vitabu kumi na mbili kuhusu swali la mwandishi wa kazi za Shakespeare. Alikuwa pia mchezaji wa kriketi wa daraja la kwanza, akicheza mechi moja kwa Hampshire mwaka 1871.<ref name="Oxford">{{Cite web|author=Ryder, Richard D.|date=2004|title=Greenwood, Sir Granville George (1850–1928)|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-41162|website=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|language=en-GB|archive-date=June 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605145821/https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-41162|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |date=1938 |title=Lady's Who's Who |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oXlmAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Pallas Publishing Company |page=177}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1850]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1928]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] foq0kyien83qi6jji914izrmlmkkp4g 1606420 1606409 2026-10-09T06:40:17Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1606420 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sir Granville George Greenwood''' ( [[3 Januari]] [[1850]] – [[27 Oktoba]] [[1928]]) alikuwa [[wakili]], [[mwanasiasa]], na mwandishi kutoka Uingereza. Alizaliwa Kensington, [[London]], na alisoma Eton na Trinity College, Cambridge. Alikuwa mwanachama wa Liberal Party na alihudumu kama Mbunge wa [[Peterborough]] kati ya 1906 na 1915. Alijulikana sana kwa harakati zake za kupinga uhalisia wa William Shakespeare, akiandika vitabu kumi na mbili kuhusu swali la mwandishi wa kazi za Shakespeare. Alikuwa pia mchezaji wa kriketi wa daraja la kwanza, akicheza mechi moja kwa Hampshire mwaka 1871.<ref name="Oxford">{{Rejea tovuti|author=Ryder, Richard D.|date=2004|title=Greenwood, Sir Granville George (1850–1928)|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-41162|website=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|language=en-GB|archive-date=June 5, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240605145821/https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-41162|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |date=1938 |title=Lady's Who's Who |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oXlmAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Pallas Publishing Company |page=177}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1850]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1928]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] 8mxlil4icrupl0u61vxfmc2mhvu1juv 0 253857 1606410 2026-10-09T04:07:51Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Charles Holloway''' ( [[1789]] – [[23 Oktoba]] [[1846]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] wa kitaalamu kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Uingereza na alicheza kriketi ya daraja la kwanza kati ya 1816 na 1822. Alichezea Hampshire na alifanya mechi 13 za daraja la kwanza.<ref>https://www.cricinfo.com/cricketers/charles-holloway-15273</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1789]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1846]] Jamii:Wachezaji wa U...' 1606410 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Holloway''' ( [[1789]] – [[23 Oktoba]] [[1846]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] wa kitaalamu kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Uingereza na alicheza kriketi ya daraja la kwanza kati ya 1816 na 1822. Alichezea Hampshire na alifanya mechi 13 za daraja la kwanza.<ref>https://www.cricinfo.com/cricketers/charles-holloway-15273</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1789]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1846]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] in1wc98tm289gbuen2ffi6l2a087eum 0 253858 1606411 2026-10-09T04:12:17Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rupesh Mahesh Amin''' (alizaliwa [[20 Agosti]] [[1977]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Clapham, [[London]], na alichezea Surrey kati ya (1997 - 2002) na Leicestershire mwaka 2003. Alicheza mechi 20 za daraja la kwanza na nne za List A. Alikuwa mchapaji wa mkono wa kushoto na alichukua wiketi 35 za daraja la kwanza kwa wastani wa 48.82. Alicheza pia mechi 63 za timu ya pili ya Surrey na Leicestershire.<ref>{{cite web|url=http...' 1606411 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rupesh Mahesh Amin''' (alizaliwa [[20 Agosti]] [[1977]]) ni mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Clapham, [[London]], na alichezea Surrey kati ya (1997 - 2002) na Leicestershire mwaka 2003. Alicheza mechi 20 za daraja la kwanza na nne za List A. Alikuwa mchapaji wa mkono wa kushoto na alichukua wiketi 35 za daraja la kwanza kwa wastani wa 48.82. Alicheza pia mechi 63 za timu ya pili ya Surrey na Leicestershire.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/7/7167/f_Batting_by_Team.html | title=First-class Batting and Fielding For Each Team by Rupesh Amin|date=6 August 2008 | publisher=Cricket archive}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cricketarchive.co.uk/Archive/Players/7/7167/a_Batting_by_Team.html | title=List A Batting and Fielding For Each Team by Rupesh Amin|date=9 August 2008 | publisher=Cricket archive}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] q29f2fuh92oi1l89evp4xj8zq9ekpxm 0 253859 1606412 2026-10-09T04:35:21Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Meja Jenerali Sir Herbert Stewart''' ( [[30 Juni]] [[1843]] – [[16 Februari]] [[1885]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] wa daraja la kwanza na afisa wa jeshi la [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Sparsholt, Hampshire. == Maisha ya Awali == Stewart alijiunga na jeshi la Uingereza na alihudumu katika vita mbalimbali za kikoloni barani [[Afrika]].<ref name="TIMES">{{cite news|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS167954517/TTDA?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-TTDA&xid=8...' 1606412 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meja Jenerali Sir Herbert Stewart''' ( [[30 Juni]] [[1843]] – [[16 Februari]] [[1885]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] wa daraja la kwanza na afisa wa jeshi la [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Sparsholt, Hampshire. == Maisha ya Awali == Stewart alijiunga na jeshi la Uingereza na alihudumu katika vita mbalimbali za kikoloni barani [[Afrika]].<ref name="TIMES">{{cite news|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS167954517/TTDA?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-TTDA&xid=8b17d20c|title=Sir Herbert Stewart|work=[[The Times]]|location=London|issue=31376|page=10|date=21 February 1885|access-date=16 November 2024|url-access=subscription|via=[[Gale (publisher)|Gale]]}}</ref><ref name="BLACK">{{cite magazine|url=https://en.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:Blackwood%27s_Magazine_volume_137.djvu/526|title=Reminiscences of Sir Herbert Stewart|magazine=[[Blackwood's Magazine]]|location=Edinburgh|pages=522–527|volume=137|issue=833|date=March 1885|language=en}}</ref> == Kazi ya Kriketi == Stewart alicheza mechi nne za daraja la kwanza kwa Hampshire mwaka 1869. Alifunga mikimbio 19 katika awamu saba za mchezo , kwa wastani wa 2.71, na alama yake ya juu ilikuwa 8. Akiwa mlinda-wiketi, alikamata wachezaji wawili na aligonga viguzo mara moja.<ref name="FCM">{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/6/6869/First-Class_Matches.html|title=First-Class Matches Played by Herbert Stewart|publisher=CricketArchive|access-date=11 September 2023|url-access=subscription}}</ref> == Kifo == Stewart alifariki huko Gakdul, [[Sudan]], wakati wa [[Vita ya Mahdi|Vita vya Mahdi]]. Alijeruhiwa katika mapigano na alifariki kutokana na majeraha yake. == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1843]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1885]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] 8552ln6e3r5c8gn7deo9u7hn3uot7u1 0 253860 1606414 2026-10-09T04:42:58Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Wilfred Rhodes''' ( [[29 Oktoba]] [[1877]] – [[21 Julai]] [[1973]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Kirkheaton, Yorkshire, na alichezea Yorkshire na Uingereza. Alikuwa all-rounder mwenye mafanikio makubwa, akichukua wiketi 4,204 za daraja la kwanza na kufunga mikimbio 39,969.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=9 July 1973 |title=Wilfred Rhodes Dies |url=https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00084249/03391/zoom/13 |access-date=1 August 2...' 1606414 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wilfred Rhodes''' ( [[29 Oktoba]] [[1877]] – [[21 Julai]] [[1973]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Kirkheaton, Yorkshire, na alichezea Yorkshire na Uingereza. Alikuwa all-rounder mwenye mafanikio makubwa, akichukua wiketi 4,204 za daraja la kwanza na kufunga mikimbio 39,969.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=9 July 1973 |title=Wilfred Rhodes Dies |url=https://ufdc.ufl.edu/UF00084249/03391/zoom/13 |access-date=1 August 2024 |work=The Tribune |location=Nassau, Bahamas |pages=14 |quote=Wilfred Rhodes, one of the greatest names of cricket, died in a Dorsetshire nursing home Sunday aged 95. |agency=Associated Press}}</ref><ref name="Menon">{{cite web |last=Menon |first=Suresh |title=All Rhodes |work=Cricinfo |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/408886.html |publisher=ESPN espncricinfo |access-date=13 December 2009}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1877]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1973]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] l4aqqapqc36zww2zferiuvkhg1ocds7 0 253861 1606415 2026-10-09T04:48:32Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Frank Edward Woolley''' ( [[27 Mei]] [[1887]] – [[18 Oktoba]] [[1978]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa kriketi kutoka Uingereza. Alizaliwa Tonbridge, Kent, na alichezea Kent na Uingereza. Alikuwa mchezaji wa mkono wa kushoto na mchapaji wa mkono wa kushoto. Alifunga mikimbio 960 za daraja la kwanza na kuchukua wiketi 115.<ref name="CY1912">{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/154749.html |editor-last=Pardon |editor-first=Syd...' 1606415 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Frank Edward Woolley''' ( [[27 Mei]] [[1887]] – [[18 Oktoba]] [[1978]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa kriketi kutoka Uingereza. Alizaliwa Tonbridge, Kent, na alichezea Kent na Uingereza. Alikuwa mchezaji wa mkono wa kushoto na mchapaji wa mkono wa kushoto. Alifunga mikimbio 960 za daraja la kwanza na kuchukua wiketi 115.<ref name="CY1912">{{cite web |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/154749.html |editor-last=Pardon |editor-first=Sydney |editor-link=Sydney Pardon |title=Frank Woolley—Cricketer of the Year, 1911 |work=Wisden Cricketers' Almanack |edition=49th |publisher=John Wisden & Co. Ltd |location=London |year=1912 |via=Cricinfo}}</ref><ref name="OBIT78">{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/wisdenalmanack/content/story/152140.html |last=Arrowsmith |first=R. L. |editor-last=Preston |editor-first=Norman |editor-link=Norman Preston |title=Frank Woolley—Obituaries in 1978 |work=Wisden Cricketers' Almanack |edition=116th |publisher=John Wisden & Co. Ltd |location=London |year=1979 |via=Cricinfo}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1887]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1978]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] 7pv5pf28recgh3ub7bq8bvgpm9fhkpk 0 253862 1606416 2026-10-09T04:52:43Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Herbert Strudwick''' ( [[28 Januari]] [[1880]] – [[14 Februari]] [[1970]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Mitcham, Surrey, na alichezea Surrey na Uingereza. Alikuwa mlinda-wiketi mwenye rekodi ya kukamata wachezaji 1,493 katika daraja la kwanza.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jessop |first=G.L. |date=3 September 1921 |title=My Reminiscences |journal=The Cricketer |volume=1 |issue=19 |pages=2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=htt...' 1606416 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Herbert Strudwick''' ( [[28 Januari]] [[1880]] – [[14 Februari]] [[1970]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Mitcham, Surrey, na alichezea Surrey na Uingereza. Alikuwa mlinda-wiketi mwenye rekodi ya kukamata wachezaji 1,493 katika daraja la kwanza.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jessop |first=G.L. |date=3 September 1921 |title=My Reminiscences |journal=The Cricketer |volume=1 |issue=19 |pages=2}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/bert-strudwick-20393 | title=Bert Strudwick profile and biography, stats, records, averages, photos and videos|website=Espncricinfo.com}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1880]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1970]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] a79n6oxo00goug7rp6umw46wieybynb 0 253863 1606417 2026-10-09T04:55:40Z Ally0111 85292 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Elias Henry "Patsy" Hendren''' ( [[5 Februari]] [[1889]] – [[4 Oktoba]] [[1962]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Turnham Green, [[London]] na alichezea Middlesex na Uingereza. Alifunga mikimbio 57,611 za daraja la kwanza, akiwa wa tatu kwa wingi wa mikimbio.<ref name="Joyce">{{Cite book |last=Joyce |first=Michael |title=Football League Players' Records 1888 to 1939 |publisher=Tony Brown |year=2012 |isbn=978-1905891610...' 1606417 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elias Henry "Patsy" Hendren''' ( [[5 Februari]] [[1889]] – [[4 Oktoba]] [[1962]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Turnham Green, [[London]] na alichezea Middlesex na Uingereza. Alifunga mikimbio 57,611 za daraja la kwanza, akiwa wa tatu kwa wingi wa mikimbio.<ref name="Joyce">{{Cite book |last=Joyce |first=Michael |title=Football League Players' Records 1888 to 1939 |publisher=Tony Brown |year=2012 |isbn=978-1905891610 |location=Nottingham |page=135}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Wisden Cricketers' Almanack |date=1963 |chapter-url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/patsy-hendren-14158 |via=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=10 September 2024 |chapter=Obituary}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1889]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1962]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] 0y4s7561xgkyrb1ggqru8bcpw77jv43 1606506 1606417 2026-10-09T11:10:35Z Gayle-Bot 78697 #2.0 Boti Replaced Cite web->Rejea tovuti, Cite journal->Rejea jarida, Cite book->Rejea kitabu, Cite news->Rejea habari; 1 template(s) replaced. 1606506 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Elias Henry "Patsy" Hendren''' ( [[5 Februari]] [[1889]] – [[4 Oktoba]] [[1962]]) alikuwa mchezaji wa [[kriketi]] kutoka [[Uingereza]]. Alizaliwa Turnham Green, [[London]] na alichezea Middlesex na Uingereza. Alifunga mikimbio 57,611 za daraja la kwanza, akiwa wa tatu kwa wingi wa mikimbio.<ref name="Joyce">{{Rejea kitabu |last=Joyce |first=Michael |title=Football League Players' Records 1888 to 1939 |publisher=Tony Brown |year=2012 |isbn=978-1905891610 |location=Nottingham |page=135}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Wisden Cricketers' Almanack |date=1963 |chapter-url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/patsy-hendren-14158 |via=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=10 September 2024 |chapter=Obituary}}</ref> == Marejeo == {{reflist}} {{mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1889]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1962]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Uingereza]] [[Jamii:Wanaume wa Uingereza]] tl4b1g1blviy7y858fpz1c1ue5m7tgn 0 253864 1606422 2026-10-09T07:22:56Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606422 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Luisa Beirao-Portugal Fashion.jpg|thumb|Luisa Beirao]] '''Luísa Beirão''' (alizaliwa [[29 Agosti]] [[1977]] huko Sever do Vouga) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa Kireno. Alikuwa mwanamitindo wa matangazo wa chapa za Nivea na Coca-Cola nchini [[Ureno]]. == Maisha binafsi == Luísa alifunga ndoa na mchezaji wa mpira wa miguu wa Kireno, Miguel Pedrosa, mwezi Juni [[1999]]. Hata hivyo, baadaye wawili hao walitalikiana. Tangu wakati huo, Beirão amekuwa katika uhusiano wa kimapenzi na Gonçalo Santana Lopes, mtoto mkubwa wa Pedro Santana Lopes, aliyekuwa Waziri Mkuu wa zamani wa Ureno.<ref>https://selfie.iol.pt/instagram/praia/aos-42-anos-luisa-beirao-exibe-corpo-de-sonho-em-fato-de-banho-perfeicao</ref><ref>https://www.flash.pt/celebridades/nacional/detalhe/como-veio-ao-mundo-luisa-beirao-mostra-que-dorme-sem-roupa-a-ganhar-coragem</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1977]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Ureno]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} qefavhnl7rumd9sdrlv697g2bv8xl79 0 253865 1606423 2026-10-09T07:29:54Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606423 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Aamito Portrait.jpg|thumb|Aamito Portrait]] '''Aamito Stacie Lagum''' (alizaliwa [[3 Desemba]] [[1992]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwanamitindo]] wa mitindo kutoka [[Uganda]]. Anatambulika zaidi kwa kuwa mshindi pekee wa shindano la ''Africa's Next Top Model''. == Maisha ya awali == Lagum alilelewa na [[mama]] yake mzazi, Sidonia Ayaa, huko Kampala. Baada ya mama yake kupoteza kazi, alihamia Kitgum ili kuishi na wazazi wake. Baadaye, Lagum alirudi Kampala ili kuendelea na masomo yake katika Shule ya Msingi ya St. Jude, [[Shule]] ya Sekondari ya Katikamu ya Waadventista Wasabato na Shule ya Sekondari ya St. Lawrence.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm8883273/</ref><ref>https://models.com/models/aamito-lagum</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1992]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} 3yklka8ydeesnn9jwqsstztnacgqwar 0 253866 1606426 2026-10-09T07:34:57Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606426 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Patricia Akello''', anayejulikana pia kama Tricia Akello, ni [[mwanamitindo]] mtaalamu kutoka [[Uganda]] ambaye kwa sasa amesajiliwa na kampuni ya usimamizi wa wanamitindo ya Muse Model Management iliyoko [[Jiji la New York|New York City]]. Alishiriki katika maonyesho ya Wiki ya Mitindo ya New York ya mwaka [[2017]], yaliyofanyika mwezi Septemba, akifanya kazi kwa chapa ya Bottega Veneta. Pia alionekana kwenye jalada la jarida la ''Women’s Wear Daily''. == Historia na elimu == Akello alizaliwa mwaka [[1992]] katika Hospitali ya Nsambya, iliyoko Kampala, mji mkuu wa Uganda. [[Mama]] yake, Santa To-kema, na [[baba]] yake, Patrick To-kema, wote walikuwa na asili ya Wilaya ya Pader, katika eneo la Acholi, lililoko Kaskazini mwa Uganda. Alisoma katika Shule ya Awali ya ABC, kisha akaendelea na elimu ya msingi katika Shule ya Msingi ya ABC. Baadaye alihamia Comprehensive College Kitetika, iliyoko Wilaya ya Wakiso, ambako alisoma elimu ya sekondari ya kawaida (O-Level) na elimu ya sekondari ya juu (A-Level). Alihitimu mwaka [[2010]].<ref>https://models.com/models/tricia-akello</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/Magazines/Full-Woman/Patricia-Akello-international-modelling-scene/689842-4201428-3el8q9/index.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1992]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} idtk6qx00g88uroawe94bbv6tu56njh 0 253867 1606427 2026-10-09T07:40:55Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606427 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Judith Heard at the Abryanz Style and Fashion Awards.jpg|thumb|Judith Heard]] '''Judith Allen Heard''', anayejulikana zaidi kama Judith Heard (alizaliwa [[13 Machi]] [[1986]]), ni [[mwanaharakati]] wa mazingira, [[mwanamitindo]] wa mitindo na [[mtangazaji]] wa matukio kutoka [[Uganda]]. Anajulikana kwa kuanzisha kampeni ya mabadiliko ya tabianchi inayoitwa “Miti Milioni 50 kwa Afrika” (''50 Million Trees for Africa''). Alitunukiwa taji la Miss Africa katika [[tuzo]] za ''Miss Elite Awards 2021'' zilizofanyika nchini [[Misri]]. Mwaka [[2022]], alitunukiwa taji la Miss Environment International Africa jijini Mumbai, [[India]]. Mwaka [[2024]], alitambuliwa kama Kiongozi Kijana wa Kimataifa (''Global Young Leader'') na tuzo za ''Hollywood Green Carpet Fashion Awards'' kutokana na mchango wake katika shughuli za utunzaji wa mazingira, haki za kiraia, usawa na harakati za utetezi wa haki za wanawake duniani.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/i-m-pretty-and-blessed-haters-are-expected-judith-heard-1569258</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220417105423/https://chano8.com/roger-mugisha-judith-heard-jackie-o-host-abryanz-fashion-awards/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1986]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uganda]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} 46bivixxddarcx71r286n4srb7ijh5k 0 253868 1606428 2026-10-09T07:46:34Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606428 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kiara Kabukuru''' (alizaliwa kwa jina la Alice Kabukuru [[31 Julai]] [[1975]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa mitindo mwenye uraia wa [[Uganda]] na [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kufanya kazi kama mwanamitindo wa chapa ya vipodozi ya CoverGirl. == Maisha binafsi == Kabukuru alizaliwa kwa jina la Alice Kabukuru huko Kampala, Uganda. Wazazi wake ni Moses Kabukuru na Erinah Kasabiti, na yeye ni mmoja kati ya [[watoto]] wanne katika [[familia]] yao. Ingawa babu na bibi yake walihama kutoka [[Rwanda]] kwenda Uganda mwaka [[1920]], yeye hujitambulisha kama Munyankole, mwanachama wa jamii ya Banyankole. Kwa msaada wa mashirika ya Amnesty International na United Way, Kabukuru pamoja na familia yake walihamia California alipokuwa mtoto kutokana na machafuko ya kisiasa katika nchi yao ya asili. Aligunduliwa na [[mpiga picha]] Bill Bodwell katika kituo cha ununuzi jijini [[Los Angeles]] alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 16. Alianza kutumia jina la Kiara baada ya kupendekezwa kufanya hivyo na wakala wake wa wakati huo katika kampuni ya Ford Models.<ref>https://models.com/models/kiara-kabukuru</ref><ref>https://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/models/kiara_kabukuru/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} q0bmiskitw99164hbghn16j1vin52f4 0 253869 1606429 2026-10-09T07:52:16Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606429 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Doreen Kabareebe''' (alizaliwa [[25 Desemba]] [[1990]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa mitindo, mtu maarufu katika jamii, mshauri wa masuala ya chapa na mshawishi wa mitandao ya kijamii kutoka [[Uganda]]. Alikuwa miongoni mwa washiriki wa shindano la urembo la Miss Uganda mwaka [[2010]]. == Historia na elimu == Kabareebe alizaliwa mwaka [[1990]]. Ni binti wa aliyekuwa mbunge wa zamani wa Wilaya ya Rwampara, Mheshimiwa Amon Muzoora, ambaye amefariki dunia. Alisoma [[elimu]] ya awali katika Shule ya Chekechea ya Entebbe, kisha elimu ya msingi katika Lakeside Academy. Baadaye alijiunga na Shule ya Wasichana ya Wanyange, ambako alisoma elimu ya sekondari ya kawaida (O-Level) na elimu ya sekondari ya juu (A-Level). [[Mwaka]] [[2012]], Kabareebe alihitimu shahada ya kwanza ya Utawala wa Umma katika [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha Nkumba. Baadaye aliendelea na masomo ya [[shahada ya uzamili]] ya Sanaa katika Uhusiano wa Kimataifa na Diplomasia, na kuhitimu mwaka [[2016]] katika chuo kikuu hicho hicho.<ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/life/i-have-never-been-kissed-doreen-kabareebe-3246128</ref><ref>https://bigeye.ug/photo-doreen-kabarebe-still-looks-fine/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1990]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} 2ey1q3fct29natp3bxscw390r0zbgru 0 253870 1606430 2026-10-09T07:58:23Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606430 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Housen Mushema 2018.jpg|thumb|Housen Mushema]] '''Housen Mushema''' ni [[mwanamitindo]] wa maonyesho ya mitindo, matangazo ya biashara na machapisho ya mitindo kutoka [[Uganda]]. Pia ni [[mwigizaji]] na mtayarishaji wa maudhui ya mitindo. Anajulikana kwa kucheza nafasi ya Balikoowa katika ''Balikoowa in the City'', Sokke katika ''The Hostel'', Andrew katika ''Second Chance'', Ben Ssali katika ''Power of Legacy'', Ian katika ''Mistakes Girls Do'', Michael katika ''Veronica's Wish'' na Anthony katika ''Bed of Thorns''. Pia ameigiza katika vipindi na [[filamu]] nyingine, zikiwemo ''November Tear'', ''False Dreams'' na ''The Lukkas''. Mwaka [[2015]], alipokea [[tuzo]] za Abyranz Fashion and Style Awards katika kipengele cha Mwanamitindo Bora wa Kiume, kwa kutambua mchango wake katika tasnia ya uanamitindo.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm8241579/</ref><ref>https://bigeye.ug/abryanz-style-and-fashion-awards-2015-full-list-of-winners/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Uganda]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} oflqyz7u8a2yiee8h3cx8hhvy5n2ja8 0 253871 1606434 2026-10-09T08:09:42Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606434 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Goyas 2025 - Nieves Álvarez.jpg|thumb|Nieves Álvarez]] '''Nieves Álvarez''' (alizaliwa [[30 Machi]] [[1974]]) ni [[mwanamitindo]] na [[mtangazaji]] wa [[televisheni]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. == Kazi == Mwaka [[1992]], Álvarez alifika hatua ya fainali katika shindano la kutafuta wanamitindo la ''Elite Look of the Year'', lililoandaliwa na kampuni ya Elite Model Management. Baadaye, alifanya kazi na chapa mbalimbali za mitindo, zikiwemo Yves Saint Laurent, Christian Lacroix, Emanuel Ungaro, Vivienne Westwood, Jean-Paul Gaultier na Prada, miongoni mwa nyingine. Mwaka [[2001]], Álvarez alieleza uzoefu wake binafsi kuhusu ugonjwa wa anoreksia, unaohusisha matatizo ya ulaji na hofu kubwa ya kuongezeka uzito, katika kitabu ''Yo vencí la anorexia'' (Nilishinda Anoreksia), alichokiandika pamoja na Lola Cintado Tejada. Tangu mwaka [[2012]], Álvarez amekuwa mtangazaji wa kipindi cha televisheni ''Solo moda'', ambacho kilibadilishwa jina na kuwa ''Flash moda'' mwaka [[2014]]. Kipindi hicho, kinachorushwa na kituo cha TVE, kinaangazia tasnia ya mitindo. Álvarez aliwakilisha Hispania kama msemaji wa kura za majaji katika Shindano la Wimbo wa Eurovision mwaka [[2017]]. Pia alitekeleza jukumu hilo katika mashindano ya miaka ya [[2018]], [[2019]], [[2021]] na [[2022]].<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1917182/</ref><ref>https://nievesalvarez.com/es/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] [[Jamii:Wanamitindo wa Hispania]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} q91a4wgf12ucyfe8pk3urw6gy24i8qk 0 253872 1606435 2026-10-09T08:17:47Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606435 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Penelope Cruz Venice Film Festival.jpg|thumb|Penelope Cruz]] '''Penélope Cruz Sánchez''' (alizaliwa [[28 Aprili]] [[1974]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kihispania]] anayeshiriki katika [[filamu]] za lugha ya Kihispania na [[Kiingereza]]. [[Tuzo]] alizopokea zinajumuisha Tuzo ya Academy (Oscar), Tuzo ya BAFTA, Tuzo ya Grammy, Tuzo tatu za Goya na Tuzo ya David di Donatello. Cruz alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji katika [[televisheni]] akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 16. Mwaka uliofuata, alicheza kwa mara ya kwanza katika filamu ya sinema iitwayo ''Jamón Jamón'' (1992). Filamu nyingine alizoshiriki baadaye ni ''Belle Époque'' (1992), ''Open Your Eyes'' ([[1997]]), ''Don Juan'' ([[1998]]), ''The Hi-Lo Country'' ([[1999]]), ''The Girl of Your Dreams'' (2000) na ''Woman on Top'' ([[2000]]).<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0004851/</ref><ref>https://www.discogs.com/artist/2920892-Pen%C3%A9lope-Cruz?redirected=true</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1974]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} l36p3vh1titg76f4i71957cguq8xx7o 0 253873 1606436 2026-10-09T08:24:16Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606436 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Goyas 2025 - Antonio Banderas (cropped).jpg|thumb|Antonio Banderas]] '''José Antonio Domínguez Bandera''' (alizaliwa [[10 Agosti]] [[1960]]), anayejulikana kitaaluma kwa jina la Antonio Banderas, ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kihispania]]. Anajulikana kwa kazi zake katika [[filamu]] za aina mbalimbali. Amepokea tuzo nyingi, zikiwemo [[Tuzo]] ya Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes na Tuzo ya Goya. Pia ameteuliwa kuwania Tuzo ya Academy (Oscar), Tuzo mbili za Primetime Emmy, Tuzo tano za Golden Globe na Tuzo ya Tony. Banderas alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji katika ukumbi mdogo wa michezo ya kuigiza ulioko Málaga, Hispania. Akiwa hapo, alivutia umakini wa mkurugenzi wa filamu Pedro Almodóvar.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000104/</ref><ref>https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/antonio-banderas-95453</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1960]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-mwanamitindo}} jvgkr1hb2exr7cjuu0eocopovb8hgyk 0 253874 1606437 2026-10-09T08:26:27Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Harvey Locke Carey''' ([[18 Januari]] [[1915]] – [[8 Januari]] [[1984]]) alikuwa [[mwanasheria]], [[luteni]] wa kijeshi na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]]. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia, alihudumu kama [[Mwanasheria]] Mkuu Msaidizi wa [[Louisiana]] kuanzia mwaka 1948 hadi 1950 na kama Mwanasheria wa Marekani wa [[Wilaya]] ya Magharibi ya Louisiana kuanzia mwaka 1950 hadi 1952. == Maisha na kazi == Carey alizaliwa Parkin, Arkansas, akiwa m...' 1606437 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Harvey Locke Carey''' ([[18 Januari]] [[1915]] – [[8 Januari]] [[1984]]) alikuwa [[mwanasheria]], [[luteni]] wa kijeshi na [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]]. Akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia, alihudumu kama [[Mwanasheria]] Mkuu Msaidizi wa [[Louisiana]] kuanzia mwaka 1948 hadi 1950 na kama Mwanasheria wa Marekani wa [[Wilaya]] ya Magharibi ya Louisiana kuanzia mwaka 1950 hadi 1952. == Maisha na kazi == Carey alizaliwa Parkin, Arkansas, akiwa mwana wa Gregory William Carey, [[jaji]] wa [[mahakama]] ya mzunguko, na Willie Belle Locke. Alisoma katika Paris High School na kuhitimu mwaka 1931. Baada ya kuhitimu, alisoma katika University of [[Arkansas]], ambako alicheza mpira wa miguu wa vyuo kwa timu ya Arkansas Razorbacks. Pia alisoma katika Tulane University na kupata shahada ya sheria mwaka 1939. Baada ya kupata shahada hiyo, alihudumu katika Fleet Marine Force ya vikosi vya majini vya Marekani wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]]. Wakati wa huduma yake ya kijeshi, alipokea cheo cha ensign na kukamilisha mafunzo yake ya kijeshi ya majini katika Dartmouth College. Baadaye aliendelea na mafunzo ya majini katika Princeton University na alipandishwa cheo kuwa luteni mwaka 1945. Carey alihudumu kama Mwanasheria Mkuu Msaidizi wa Louisiana kuanzia mwaka 1948 hadi 1950. Baada ya huduma hiyo, alihudumu kama Mwanasheria wa Marekani wa Wilaya ya Magharibi ya Louisiana kuanzia mwaka 1950 hadi 1952. == Kifo == Carey alifariki tarehe 8 Januari 1984 katika Meadowview Nursing Home huko [[Minden]], Louisiana, akiwa na umri wa miaka 68. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-siasa}} [[Jamii:Wanasheria]] [[Jamii:Wanajeshi wa Marekani]] i6j13aqmrvqgjb4egpznshiaoruodcz 0 253875 1606438 2026-10-09T08:32:20Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606438 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Javier Bardem - Bunker - TIFF 2026-12.jpg|thumb|Javier Bardem]] '''Javier Ángel Encinas Bardem''' (alizaliwa [[1 Machi]] [[1969]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kihispania]]. Katika kipindi cha kazi yake kilichodumu kwa zaidi ya miongo mitatu, amepokea [[tuzo]] mbalimbali, zikiwemo Tuzo ya Academy (Oscar), Tuzo ya BAFTA, Tuzo ya Golden Globe, Tuzo ya Critics' Choice Movie, Tuzo mbili za Chama cha Waigizaji wa Filamu (Screen Actors Guild Awards) na Tuzo saba za Goya. Pia amepokea Tuzo ya Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes na vikombe viwili vya Volpi. Bardem ni [[mtoto]] wa mwigizaji Pilar Bardem. Alianza kujulikana kupitia [[filamu]] mbalimbali za Kihispania, zikiwemo ''Jamón jamón'' ([[1992]]), ''Running Out of Time'' ([[1994]]), ''Boca a boca'' ([[1995]]), ''Live Flesh'' ([[1997]]), ''Mondays in the Sun'' ([[2002]]) na ''The Sea Inside'' ([[2004]]).<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000849/</ref><ref>https://en.mercopress.com/2019/08/20/spanish-actor-bardem-calls-for-a-world-accord-to-protect-the-oceans</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1969]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} pgcj54zwq2ac88b3z3eg6bm05qhfuby 0 253876 1606439 2026-10-09T08:38:56Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606439 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Malaga Film Festival 2025 - Mario Casas-2 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Mario Casas]] '''Mario Casas Sierra''' (alizaliwa [[12 Juni]] [[1986]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] na [[televisheni]] kutoka [[Hispania]]. Anajulikana kwa nafasi zake katika filamu na vipindi vya televisheni vya Kihispania. Amepokea tuzo mbalimbali, zikiwemo [[Tuzo]] ya Goya, Tuzo mbili za Gaudí na Tuzo tatu za Feroz. Mwaka [[2006]], baada ya kuonekana katika nafasi ndogo za uigizaji katika vipindi vya ''Motivos personales'' na ''Obsesión'', Casas alipata nafasi yake ya kwanza kuu katika televisheni kupitia [[tamthilia]] ya vijana iitwayo ''SMS: Sin Miedo a Soñar''. Mwaka huohuo, alicheza kwa mara ya kwanza katika filamu ya sinema iitwayo ''Summer Rain''. Umaarufu wa Casas uliongezeka zaidi baada ya kushiriki katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa ''Los hombres de Paco''. Katika mfululizo huo, alihusika katika pembetatu ya mapenzi iliyokuwa maarufu pamoja na waigizaji Hugo Silva na Michelle Jenner.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1832584/</ref><ref>https://cadenaser.com/ser/2015/12/17/television/1450317764_913756.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1986]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} n1cewhvsqmdudd7mo0hpkzyntow1abb 0 253877 1606441 2026-10-09T08:46:01Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606441 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Úrsula Corberó-65339.jpg|thumb|Úrsula Corberó]] '''Úrsula Corberó Delgado''' (alizaliwa [[11 Agosti]] [[1989]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kihispania]]. Alipata umaarufu nchini Hispania kwa kucheza nafasi ya Ruth Gómez katika [[tamthilia]] ya vijana ya ''Física o Química'' (2008–2010), Margarita wa Austria katika tamthilia ya kihistoria ya ''Isabel'' ([[2014]]), na Marta katika filamu ya vichekesho ya ''Girl's Night Out'' ([[2015]]). Alipata umaarufu wa kimataifa kupitia nafasi yake ya Tokyo katika tamthilia ya uhalifu ya ''Money Heist'' ([[2017]]–[[2021]]). Mwaka 2021, alifanya kwa mara ya kwanza kazi ya uigizaji katika tasnia ya filamu za Hollywood kupitia [[filamu]] ya mashujaa wenye nguvu za kipekee iitwayo ''Snake Eyes''. == Maisha ya awali == Úrsula Corberó Delgado alizaliwa katika mji wa Sant Pere de Vilamajor, mkoani [[Barcelona]], tarehe 11 Agosti 1989. Ni binti wa Esther Delgado, ambaye alikuwa [[mfanyabiashara]] wa duka, na Pedro Corberó, ambaye alikuwa seremala. Alikulia katika mji wa Sant Pere de Vilamajor. Ana dada anayeitwa Mónica.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2216549/</ref><ref>https://libero.pe/ocio/famosos/1481285-ursula-corbero-hot-y-sexy-bikini-de-tokio-en-trailer-de-la-casa-de-papel-derrocha-sensualidad-de-personaje-de-la-serie-de-netflix</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1989]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} 8iu37p7gwp4owxyfdy69piwhvgyn7gg 0 253878 1606442 2026-10-09T08:51:57Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606442 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Elsa Pataky Cannes cropped.jpg|thumb|Elsa Pataky]] Elsa Lafuente Medianu (alizaliwa [[18 Julai]] [[1976]]), anayejulikana kitaaluma kama Elsa Pataky, ni [[mwanamitindo]] na [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kihispania]]. Pataky anajulikana kwa kucheza nafasi kuu ya Raquel Alonso katika [[tamthilia]] ya vijana ya Kihispania Al salir de Clase ([[1997]]–2002), kabla ya kupata umaarufu wa kimataifa kupitia nafasi ya Elena Neves katika mfululizo wa filamu za Fast & Furious. Ameigiza katika [[filamu]] za Snakes on a Plane (2006), Giallo (2009) na Give 'Em Hell, Malone ([[2009]]). Pia aliigiza katika filamu ya Kihispania ya Di Di Hollywood (2010). Mwaka 2024, alicheza nafasi za Mr. Norton na Jenerali wa Vuvalini katika filamu ya Furiosa: A Mad Max Saga, akicheza wahusika wawili tofauti katika filamu hiyo.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0665235/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150405145222/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/305590/Elsa-Pataky/biography</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} 7dhx96zcsslfwyhfx73kt60w060p6iu 0 253879 1606443 2026-10-09T09:02:47Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606443 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Ana de Armas (54462619561) (cropped 3).jpg|thumb|Ana de Armas]] Ana Celia de Armas Caso (alizaliwa [[30 Aprili]] [[1988]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] mwenye asili ya [[Cuba]] na [[Hispania]]. Amepewa uteuzi wa [[tuzo]] mbalimbali, zikiwemo tuzo ya Academy Award, Actor Award, BAFTA na tuzo mbili za Golden Globe. Alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji nchini Cuba kwa kucheza nafasi kuu katika [[filamu]] ya [[tamthilia]] ya mapenzi Virgin Rose ([[2006]]). Akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 18, alihamia Madrid, Hispania, na kuigiza katika mfululizo wa [[televisheni]] wa mafumbo na msisimko uitwao El Internado ([[2007]]–[[2010]]). Baada ya kuhamia Los Angeles, de Armas alipata nafasi za kuigiza kwa kutumia lugha ya [[Kiingereza]] katika filamu ya msisimko Knock Knock ([[2015]]) na filamu ya uhalifu yenye vichekesho vyeusi iitwayo War Dogs ([[2016]]).<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1869101/</ref><ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/ana_de_armas</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} ddk1rrgw8nvq5ji4r0e2fv6pnu3vs2p 0 253880 1606444 2026-10-09T09:08:15Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606444 wikitext text/x-wiki María de la Paz Campos Trigo (alizaliwa [[2 Januari]] [[1976]]), anayejulikana kitaaluma kama Paz Vega, ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kihispania]]. Alipata umaarufu kupitia uigizaji wake katika [[tamthilia]] ya vichekesho ya [[televisheni]] 7 vidas. Filamu alizoshiriki ni pamoja na Sex and Lucia ([[2001]]), Mine Alone (2001), The Other Side of the Bed ([[2002]]), Carmen ([[2003]]), Spanglish ([[2004]]) na Theresa: The Body of Christ ([[2007]]). Mwaka [[2019]], alicheza nafasi ya Catalina Creel katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa Cradle of Wolves (Cuna de lobos). Alianza kazi yake ya uongozaji wa [[filamu]] kupitia filamu ya Rita (2024), ambayo pia aliandika.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0891895/</ref><ref>https://www.deia.eus/on/2022/07/22/paz-vega-actriz-tiron-deudas-5844017.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1976]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} t3wmfyuu39xhycurs4pbju9rty6xm0h 0 253881 1606445 2026-10-09T09:14:46Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606445 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Goyas 2025 - Maribel Verdú.jpg|thumb|Maribel Verdú]] María Isabel Verdú Rollán (alizaliwa [[2 Oktoba]] [[1970]]), anayejulikana zaidi kama Maribel Verdú, ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kihispania]]. Katika kipindi cha kazi yake kilichochukua karibu miongo minne, amepokea [[tuzo]] nyingi, zikiwemo tuzo mbili za Goya za Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike, tuzo ya Ariel ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike, Medali ya Dhahabu ya Chuo cha Sanaa na Sayansi za [[Filamu]] cha Hispania mwaka [[2008]], na Tuzo ya Kitaifa ya Sinematografia mwaka [[2009]]. Verdú alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 13, katika filamu ya Captain Sánchez's Crime ([[1985]]). Baadhi ya filamu alizoshiriki ni Lovers (1991), Belle Époque (1992), Lucky Star (1997), Y tu mamá también (2001), Pan's Labyrinth (2006), The Blind Sunflowers (2008), Tetro (2009), Snow White ([[2012]]) na Abracadabra ([[2017]]). Pia alicheza nafasi ya Nora Allen katika filamu ya The Flash (2023), iliyotengenezwa chini ya kampuni ya filamu za mashujaa wenye nguvu za kipekee ya DC Extended Universe. Hii ilikuwa filamu yake ya pili ya aina hiyo, baada ya Superlópez ([[2018]]).<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0893941/</ref><ref>https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20100203/maribel-verdu-mito-erotico-a-gran-dama/316048.shtml</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1970]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} cizj4x0p9b35fakpfzce6nssbr0zx4o 0 253882 1606447 2026-10-09T09:20:12Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606447 wikitext text/x-wiki Victoria Mérida Rojas (alizaliwa [[4 Julai]] [[1959]]), anayejulikana zaidi kama Victoria Abril, ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[filamu]] na mwimbaji wa [[Kihispania]] anayeishi nchini [[Ufaransa]]. Huenda anajulikana zaidi kwa watazamaji wa kimataifa kupitia uigizaji wake katika [[filamu]] ya Tie Me Up! Tie Me Down!, iliyoongozwa na Pedro Almodóvar. == Maisha na kazi == Alizaliwa mjini Málaga, na Victoria Abril alipata umaarufu mkubwa nchini Hispania mwaka [[1976]] alipoonekana katika kipindi cha [[televisheni]] cha Un, dos, tres... responda otra vez, ambacho alishiriki kwa miaka miwili. Mbali na kufanya kazi nchini Hispania, ameshiriki katika filamu zilizotengenezwa nchini Ufaransa, [[Italia]] na [[Iceland]]. Ameteuliwa mara nane katika [[tuzo]] za Goya katika kipengele cha Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike, na ameshinda tuzo hiyo mara moja. Pia alishinda tuzo ya Silver Bear ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike katika Tamasha la 41 la Kimataifa la Filamu la Berlin kutokana na uigizaji wake katika filamu ya Amantes.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000721/</ref><ref>https://www.victoria-abril.com/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1959]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} gjno460mv73b1vhnmswxsjql9o5dw9m 0 253883 1606448 2026-10-09T09:26:14Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606448 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Elena Anaya at Berlin Film Festival 2026, (P1230468).jpg|thumb|Elena Anaya]] Elena Anaya Gutiérrez (alizaliwa [[17 Julai]] [[1975]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kihispania]]. Alipata umaarufu nchini Hispania kupitia uigizaji wake katika [[filamu]] ya Sex and Lucia ([[2001]]), ambayo pia ilimwezesha kuteuliwa kwa [[tuzo]] ya Goya ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike Anayesaidia. Aliigiza katika [[filamu]] ya The Skin I Live In (2011), ambayo ilimpatia tuzo ya Goya ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike. Pia anajulikana kwa kucheza nafasi ya mmoja wa wake za Dracula katika filamu ya Van Helsing ([[2004]]), mtalii wa Kihispania katika filamu ya Room in Rome (2010), na Doctor Poison katika filamu ya Wonder Woman ([[2017]]).<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0025745/</ref><ref>https://www.allmovie.com/artist/elena-anaya-an53736</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1975]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} l6l7fgfmfqozm5u9f03cv9rm8oivd3w 0 253884 1606450 2026-10-09T09:31:26Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606450 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Málaga Film Festival 2026 - Carmen Maura (cropped).jpg|thumb|Carmen Maura]] María del Carmen García Maura (alizaliwa [[15 Septemba]] [[1945]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kihispania]]. Katika kazi yake ya uigizaji iliyodumu kwa miongo saba, ameigiza katika [[filamu]] mbalimbali, zikiwemo Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown, ¡Ay Carmela!, Common Wealth na Volver. Ameshinda [[tuzo]] ya Goya ya Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike mara tatu, na kwa jumla ameshinda tuzo nne za Goya. Pia alishinda tuzo ya César mwaka [[2012]] na tuzo ya Tamasha la Filamu la Cannes mwaka [[2006]].<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0560962/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1945]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} lchsogsft3xb4h8vtct0exhx8eomajk 0 253885 1606451 2026-10-09T09:36:20Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606451 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Malaga Film Festival 2025 - Blanca Suárez (cropped).jpg|thumb|Blanca Suárez]] Blanca Martínez Suárez (alizaliwa [[21 Oktoba]] [[1988]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kihispania]]. Alipata umaarufu kupitia uigizaji wake katika [[tamthilia]] ya vijana ya The Boarding School (El Internado) (2007–2010), iliyotayarishwa na Globomedia. Baadaye aliigiza katika tamthilia ya The Boat (El Barco) (2011–2013). Aliendelea kufanya kazi katika vipindi vya [[televisheni]], ikiwemo Carlos, Rey Emperador (2015), Lo que escondían sus ojos (2016), Cable Girls (2017–2020) na Breathless (2024). Suárez alianza kuigiza katika filamu ndefu kupitia filamu ya Shiver (2008). Uigizaji wake katika filamu ya The Skin I Live In (2011), iliyoongozwa na Pedro Almodóvar, ulimwezesha kuteuliwa kwa [[tuzo]] ya Goya ya Mwigizaji Bora Mpya wa Kike. Filamu nyingine alizoshiriki ni I'm So Excited! (2013), My Big Night (2015), The Bar (2017), Despite Everything (2019), The Summer We Lived (2020), Four's a Crowd (2022) na Me he hecho viral (2023).<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0840754/</ref><ref>https://www.20minutos.es/television/entrevista-blanca-suarez-decir-cosas-claras-poco-habitual-serie-lo-que-escondian-tus-ojos-163001/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} e17zu73jjwg7lz4pe4ru0vegynlg32l 0 253886 1606452 2026-10-09T09:41:33Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606452 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:María Valverde 2025.jpg|thumb|María Valverde]] María Valverde Rodríguez (alizaliwa [[24 Machi]] [[1987]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kihispania]]. Alianza kuigiza katika [[filamu]] ndefu kupitia filamu ya The Weakness of the Bolshevik ([[2003]]), ambayo ilimpatia [[tuzo]] ya Goya ya Mwigizaji Bora Mpya wa Kike. == Maisha ya awali == María Valverde alizaliwa mjini Madrid tarehe 24 Machi 1987. == Kazi ya uigizaji == Akiwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 16, Valverde alianza kuigiza katika filamu ndefu kupitia The Weakness of the Bolshevik. Kwa uigizaji wake katika filamu hiyo, alishinda tuzo ya Mwigizaji Bora Mpya wa Kike katika Tuzo za 18 za Goya. Filamu nyingine alizoshiriki ni Melissa P., iliyotokana na kitabu One Hundred Strokes of the Brush Before Bed, kilichoandikwa na Melissa Panarello, pamoja na filamu ya Three Steps Above Heaven.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1482999/</ref><ref>https://www.diezminutos.es/famosos-corazon/famosos-espanoles/a31911920/maria-valverde-edad/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1987]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} ecudsfkps7s5obf49e4rzih3rfdam4z 0 253887 1606453 2026-10-09T09:45:49Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606453 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Goyas 2025 - Ester Expósito (cropped 3).jpg|thumb|Ester Expósito]] Ester Expósito Gayoso (alizaliwa [[26 Januari]] [[2000]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kihispania]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kucheza nafasi kuu ya Carla Rosón Caleruega katika [[tamthilia]] ya vijana ya Elite (2018–2021), iliyoonyeshwa kupitia Netflix. Kazi zake nyingine za [[televisheni]] ni pamoja na Estoy vivo (2017), La caza. Monteperdido (2019), Someone Has to Die (2020) na Bandidos (2024–2025). Filamu alizoshiriki ni pamoja na Your Son (2018), Venus (2022), Lost in the Night (2023), The Wailing (2024), The Talent (2025) na Drawn Together (2026).<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm7527792/</ref><ref>https://www.merca2.es/2020/03/21/ester-exposito-elite-guapa-297140/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 2000]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} com2izcf4q3mvhkmp34h1umysa3xw2r 3 253888 1606454 2026-10-09T09:48:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606454 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) hflvoqg06kno15iobxrmojug79de42l 3 253889 1606455 2026-10-09T09:48:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606455 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) hflvoqg06kno15iobxrmojug79de42l 3 253890 1606456 2026-10-09T09:48:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606456 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) hflvoqg06kno15iobxrmojug79de42l 3 253891 1606457 2026-10-09T09:48:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606457 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) hflvoqg06kno15iobxrmojug79de42l 3 253892 1606459 2026-10-09T09:48:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606459 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:48, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) hflvoqg06kno15iobxrmojug79de42l 3 253893 1606460 2026-10-09T09:49:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606460 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) kj1255k279hq1zw0gxgxeux7b78xt9k 3 253894 1606461 2026-10-09T09:49:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606461 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) kj1255k279hq1zw0gxgxeux7b78xt9k 3 253895 1606462 2026-10-09T09:49:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606462 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) kj1255k279hq1zw0gxgxeux7b78xt9k 3 253896 1606463 2026-10-09T09:49:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606463 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) kj1255k279hq1zw0gxgxeux7b78xt9k 3 253897 1606464 2026-10-09T09:49:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606464 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) kj1255k279hq1zw0gxgxeux7b78xt9k 3 253898 1606465 2026-10-09T09:49:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606465 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:49, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) kj1255k279hq1zw0gxgxeux7b78xt9k 3 253899 1606466 2026-10-09T09:50:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606466 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 254zvac9evfvmrtia6bra4k0ppuljdy 3 253900 1606467 2026-10-09T09:50:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606467 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 254zvac9evfvmrtia6bra4k0ppuljdy 3 253901 1606468 2026-10-09T09:50:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606468 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 254zvac9evfvmrtia6bra4k0ppuljdy 3 253902 1606469 2026-10-09T09:50:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606469 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 254zvac9evfvmrtia6bra4k0ppuljdy 3 253903 1606470 2026-10-09T09:50:45Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606470 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 254zvac9evfvmrtia6bra4k0ppuljdy 0 253904 1606471 2026-10-09T09:50:54Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606471 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Premios Goya 2026 - Alba Flores (cropped).jpg|thumb|Alba Flores]] Alba González Villa (alizaliwa [[27 Oktoba]] [[1986]]), anayejulikana kitaaluma kama Alba Flores, ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kihispania]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi ya Saray Vargas katika [[tamthilia]] ya uhalifu inayohusu maisha gerezani ya Vis a Vis (2015–2019), na nafasi ya Nairobi katika tamthilia ya wizi ya Money Heist (2017–2021). == Maisha ya awali == Flores ni binti wa [[mwanamuziki]] na mtunzi wa muziki Antonio Flores na Ana Villa, ambaye ni mtayarishaji wa michezo ya jukwaani. Familia yake inajumuisha wasanii wa maonyesho, wanamuziki na waigizaji wenye asili ya [[Romania|Waromani]]. Yeye ni mjukuu wa Lola Flores, aliyejulikana kwa jina la “La Faraona” (“Farao wa Kike”), mpwa wa waimbaji Lolita Flores na Rosario Flores, na binamu wa mwigizaji Elena Furiase. Babu yake kwa upande wa baba, Antonio González, aliyejulikana kama “El Pescaílla”, pia alikuwa mwimbaji na mpiga gitaa wa Kihispania. Anahesabiwa kuwa miongoni mwa waanzilishi wa muziki wa Catalan Rumba.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1699346/</ref><ref>https://www.infobae.com/parati/news/2018/01/28/tokio-nairobi-las-actrices-espanolas-que-la-rompen-en-la-casa-de-papel/</ref> == Marejeo == <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1986]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] 14gsy30xdw69msxdwialwqltbjqtkj4 3 253905 1606472 2026-10-09T09:50:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606472 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:50, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) 254zvac9evfvmrtia6bra4k0ppuljdy 3 253906 1606473 2026-10-09T09:51:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606473 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ifd5845j8854739suylgg0sfhvt6qcy 3 253907 1606474 2026-10-09T09:51:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606474 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ifd5845j8854739suylgg0sfhvt6qcy 3 253908 1606475 2026-10-09T09:51:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606475 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ifd5845j8854739suylgg0sfhvt6qcy 3 253909 1606476 2026-10-09T09:51:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606476 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ifd5845j8854739suylgg0sfhvt6qcy 3 253910 1606477 2026-10-09T09:51:46Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606477 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ifd5845j8854739suylgg0sfhvt6qcy 3 253911 1606478 2026-10-09T09:51:55Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606478 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:51, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) ifd5845j8854739suylgg0sfhvt6qcy 3 253912 1606479 2026-10-09T09:52:05Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606479 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:52, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) dnvbl9xfzj6oda6rhqqmfl49spc5k0o 3 253913 1606480 2026-10-09T09:52:15Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606480 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:52, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) dnvbl9xfzj6oda6rhqqmfl49spc5k0o 3 253914 1606481 2026-10-09T09:52:25Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606481 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:52, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) dnvbl9xfzj6oda6rhqqmfl49spc5k0o 3 253915 1606482 2026-10-09T09:52:35Z AmmarBot 81277 Karibu 1606482 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="background-color: #EEEEFF; border: solid 1px #eaa5ff; padding: 6pt; margin: 1em auto; width: 85%"> <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''<big>Karibu kwenye Wikipedia kwa Kiswahili!</big>'''</p> Tunamfurahia kila mmoja anayeingia na kuungana nasi. Hii ni kamusi elezo ya maandishi huru. Unaweza kuandika makala uipendayo ama kuitafsiri kutoka Wikipedia ya lugha nyingine. Ukipenda kutumia '''kurasa zetu za mwongozo na msaada''', a) ukitumia simu bofya kwa "'''Dawati'''" chini kwenye dirisha lako na b) ubadilishe mwonekano wa Wikipedia kwa kubofya "'''Switch to old look'''" kwenye menyu upande wa kushoto. Kwa mawili matatu labda tazama:<br> * [[Wikipedia:Ukurasa wangu na kurasa za kamusi|Kuhusu ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji na kurasa nyingine]] * [[Wikipedia:Mwongozo|Ukurasa wa mwongozo]] * [https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamii:Msaada Jamii:Msaada] <small>(makala zilizomo humo zinaweza kusaidia mara nyingi)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Jumuia|Ukurasa wa jumuia]] <small>(pamoja na '''[[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]''', penye majina walio tayari kukusaidia)</small> * [[Wikipedia:Makala za msingi za kamusi elezo|Makala za msingi za Wikipedia]] Jisikie huru kuuliza swali lolote lihusianalo na Wikipedia hii. Karibu kujitambulisha kwenye "Ukurasa wa mtumiaji". Ukitaka kupata kwanza uzoefu wa kuweza kuhariri Wikipedia, tafadhali tumia '''[[Msaada:Jaribio#2._Jaribio_katika_nafasi_yako_ya_mtumiaji| ukurasa wako kwa majaribio]]'''. Humo unaruhusiwa kujipatia uzoefu wa uundaji wa makala za Wikipedia! Juu yako mwenyewe uandike tu kwenye '''[[Special:Mypage|ukurasa wako wa mtumiaji]]'''. Humo uko huru kutangaza chochote upendacho, kama si biashara au matusi. <big>'''Ujue miiko:'''</big> * usilete kamwe matini wala [[Msaada:Picha|picha kutoka tovuti za nje]]. * usiingize matangazo ya kibiashara (pamoja na kuelekeza kwa kurasa zenye matangazo). * usimwage kamwe matini kutoka [[Msaada:Tafsiri ya kompyuta‎|google-translate]] au [[Msaada:Tafsiri|programu za kutafsiri]]. * usitumie kama vyanzo vya taarifa au tanbihi <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (au mradi mwingine wa Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, ila unaweza kutumia vyanzo vyake kwa kuvitaja vyenyewe moja kwa moja. Tunakushauri pia [[Wikipedia:Email|kuandikisha email]] yako; haitaonekana na wengine lakini wataweza kukuandikia kupitia mfumo wa Wikipedia. Karibu sana! <p style="margin-left: 5em;">'''Welcome to Kiswahili Wikipedia!'''</p> We welcome you even if you don't speak Kiswahili. For a bot flag go to [[Wikipedia:Bots|this site]]. If you try to edit entries as a non-speaker, it is better to first communicate with one of our admins who can advise you. You may find them at [[Wikipedia:Wakabidhi]]. And, please: * '''do not''' post computer translated texts (like Google Translate, [[Special:ContentTranslation|Content Translation]], etc. all do not work for Swahili) * nor copied texts/images from other webs to this site! * do not use links to commercial pages, never post anything that looks like advertising. * do not use as references <nowiki><ref>Wikipedia (or another project of Wikimedia)</ref></nowiki>, though you can use their references by writing them themselves. As a newcomer we advise that you [[:en:Wikipedia:Emailing_users|register your email]]. This will not be visible to others but it allows us to notify you, which often is helpful in case of problems. </div> '''[[Mtumiaji:AmmarBot|AmmarBot]] ([[Majadiliano ya mtumiaji:AmmarBot|majadiliano]])''' 09:52, 9 Oktoba 2026 (UTC) dnvbl9xfzj6oda6rhqqmfl49spc5k0o 0 253916 1606483 2026-10-09T09:55:47Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606483 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Najwa Nimri (200x290).jpg|thumb|Najwa Nimri]] Najwa Nimri Urrutikoetxea (alizaliwa [[14 Februari]] [[1972]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] na mwimbaji wa [[Kihispania]]. Mafanikio yake yanajumuisha uteuzi wa [[tuzo]] tatu za Goya, tuzo moja ya CEC, tuzo moja ya Forqué na tuzo tatu za Feroz. Nimri alianza kazi yake ya uigizaji mwaka [[1995]] katika [[filamu]] ya Kihispania Jump into the Void. Filamu nyingine alizoshiriki ni pamoja na Passages (1996), Open Your Eyes (1997), Blinded (1997), Lovers of the Arctic Circle (1998), Asfalto (2000), Sex and Lucia (2001), Fausto 5.0 (2001), The Method (2005), Anything You Want (2010), Quién te cantará (2018) na The Red Virgin (2024). Alikuwa mmoja wa waigizaji mashuhuri katika sinema ya Kihispania ya miaka ya 1990 na 2000. Umaarufu wake kimataifa uliongezeka katika kipindi cha huduma za utiririshaji wa video kutokana na ushiriki wake katika tamthilia ya Kihispania inayohusu maisha gerezani, Locked Up (2015–2020), na [[tamthilia]] ya wizi ya Money Heist (2019–2021).<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0632385/</ref><ref>https://www.fotogramas.es/noticias-cine/g19458655/particularisimo-de-najwa-nimri/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1972]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} cwlly2u15rtnwzee83ott52nmzs54bx 0 253917 1606484 2026-10-09T10:01:13Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606484 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Goyas 2025 - Macarena Garcia.jpg|thumb|Macarena Garcia]] '''Macarena García de la Camacha Gutiérrez-Ambrossi''' (alizaliwa [[26 Aprili]] [[1988]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kihispania]]. Alishinda [[tuzo]] ya Goya ya Mwigizaji Bora Chipukizi kutokana na uigizaji wake katika [[filamu]] isiyo na mazungumzo ya mwaka [[2012]], Blancanieves. Baadaye alishiriki katika [[filamu]] mbalimbali, zikiwemo Palm Trees in the Snow (2015), Holy Camp! (2017) na A House on Fire (2024). Pia alishiriki katika tamthilia za [[televisheni]] kama El ministerio del tiempo na La mesías. == Wasifu == Macarena García de la Camacha Gutiérrez-Ambrossi alizaliwa tarehe 26 Aprili 1988 katika jiji la [[Madrid]]. Ni binti wa Francisco Javier García de la Camacha na mke wake, Sofía Gutiérrez-Ambross.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3475396/</ref><ref>https://www.20minutos.es/noticia/2172435/0/entrevista-macarena-garcia/actriz-teatro-musical/la-llamada/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1988]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} gnpsgxpbn1kzs78uop72zyvs5dlysdw 0 253918 1606485 2026-10-09T10:06:25Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606485 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Goyas 2024 - Inma Cuesta.jpg|thumb|Inma Cuesta]] '''Inmaculada Cuesta Martínez''' (alizaliwa [[25 Juni]] [[1980]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kihispania]]. Ameigiza katika [[filamu]] kama The Sleeping Voice (2011), Three Many Weddings (2013) na The Bride (2015). Baadhi ya kazi zake maarufu za [[televisheni]] ni pamoja na uigizaji wake katika tamthilia za Águila Roja na Arde Madrid. == Maisha ya awali == Inmaculada Cuesta Martínez alizaliwa katika jiji la Valencia tarehe 25 Juni 1980. Wazazi wake walitoka Andalusia, na alitumia utoto wake katika mji wa Arquillos, mkoani Jaén, Andalusia. [[Baba]] yake alikuwa fundi wa kufunga vitambaa kwenye samani. Cuesta alikuwa akikusanya mabaki ya vitambaa ili kutengeneza mikoba na kuiuza kwa lengo la kupata fedha za kugharamia masomo yake. Alipokuwa na umri wa [[miaka]] 18, alihamia Córdoba kusomea sanaa ya maigizo katika Chuo cha Sanaa ya Maigizo. Baada ya kumaliza masomo yake, aliendelea na mafunzo yake katika jiji la [[Sevilla|Seville]].<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2285844/</ref><ref>https://www.ideal.es/culturas/jaen/inma-cuesta-calle-20211224230311-nt.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1980]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} lstbmluahj9ibsy9zpadgg8bwrttijl 0 253919 1606486 2026-10-09T10:12:25Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606486 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Claudia Bassols Alonso''' (alizaliwa [[3 Oktoba]] [[1979]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kihispania]] kutoka [[Barcelona]]. == Kazi == Bassols alihitimu katika Shule ya [[Marekani]] ya Barcelona mwaka [[1997]]. Alipata shahada ya vichekesho vya [[muziki]] katika taasisi ya Coco Comín mjini Barcelona, na alisomea lugha ya [[Kiingereza]] na fasihi katika [[Chuo Kikuu]] cha Barcelona. Pia alisomea sanaa ya maigizo katika miji ya [[Paris]], [[London]] na Los Angeles, pamoja na North Carolina katika Chuo Kikuu cha North Carolina huko Wilmington, na [[Australia]] katika Taasisi ya Kitaifa ya Sanaa ya Maigizo (NIDA). Bassols anazungumza Kikatalani, Kihispania, Kiingereza, Kifaransa, Kiitaliano na [[Kiswidi]]. Mwaka [[2008]], Bassols aliigiza pamoja na Amber Tamblyn katika [[filamu]] ya Blackout. Mwaka huohuo, alionekana katika kipindi cha [[televisheni]] cha PBS kilichoitwa Spain... on the Road Again, akiwa pamoja na Mario Batali, Gwyneth Paltrow na Mark Bittman.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2218213/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090312061810/http://www.esquire.es/Index.asp?IdSeccion=1&IdArticulo=183&area=articulo</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1979]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} m95ilts3xmr6z8mwyqroa3jc0qcuu62 0 253920 1606487 2026-10-09T10:18:09Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606487 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Georgina Amorós, 2020 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Georgina Amorós]] '''Georgina Amorós Sagrera''' (alizaliwa [[30 Aprili]] [[1998]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] wa [[Kihispania]] anayejulikana kwa kazi zake katika [[tamthilia]] za [[televisheni]], zikiwemo Elite, Welcome to the Family na Locked Up. Alishiriki katika [[filamu]] ya Rifkin's Festival ya mwaka [[2020]], ambayo ilikuwa nafasi yake ya kwanza ya uigizaji iliyofanywa kwa [[Kiingereza]] pekee. == Maisha ya awali == Georgina Amorós Sagrera alizaliwa tarehe 30 Aprili 1998 katika jiji la [[Barcelona]]. Anazungumza kwa ufasaha [[Kikatalani]], Kihispania, [[Kifaransa]] na Kiingereza. == Kazi == Amorós amesema alianza kuigiza alipokuwa [[mtoto]] katika maonyesho madogo. Mwisho wa maonyesho, mara nyingi ilibidi aondolewe jukwaani kwa sababu alifurahia sana kuigiza. Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 17, alihamia Los Angeles, Marekani, ili kusomea uigizaji.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2190133/</ref><ref>https://vanidad.es/georgina-amoros-decidi-borrarme-twitter-porque-llegue-a-recibir-amenazas-de-muerte/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1998]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} dtbrjgjsptok8ptgwk53rryyrcfp9vr 0 253921 1606489 2026-10-09T10:27:30Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606489 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Ana Belén en los Premios Goya 2017 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Ana Belén]] '''María del Pilar Cuesta Acosta''' (alizaliwa [[27 Mei]] [[1951]]), anayejulikana kitaaluma kama Ana Belén, ni [[mwigizaji]] na [[mwimbaji]] wa [[Kihispania]]. Yeye na mume wake wanachukuliwa kuwa alama muhimu za kipindi cha mpito cha Uhispania kuelekea [[demokrasia]]. Nyimbo na albamu zake mara nyingi hujumuisha kazi zenye majina yenye msisitizo na maudhui ya kijamii na kisiasa. == Maisha na kazi == María del Pilar Cuesta Acosta alizaliwa tarehe 27 Mei 1951 katika jiji la Madrid. Yeye ndiye [[mtoto]] mkubwa kati ya watoto watatu katika [[familia]] yao. [[Baba]] yake alikuwa mpishi katika Hoteli ya Palace, huku [[mama]] yake akifanya kazi ya ulinzi na usimamizi wa lango katika jengo la makazi. Cuesta alianza kuigiza katika [[filamu]] yake ya kwanza mwaka [[1966]], Zampo y yo, ambamo alicheza nafasi ya msichana aliyeitwa Ana Belén, pamoja na Fernando Rey. Tangu wakati huo, alichukua jina la mhusika huyo, Ana Belén, na kulitumia kama jina lake la kisanii.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0006702/</ref><ref>https://www.diezminutos.es/famosos-corazon/famosos-espanoles/news/g16406/ana-belen-vida/</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1951]] [[Jamii:Wanamuziki wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} tid1vts18wj5er9xwq46l4y5qavhle8 0 253922 1606490 2026-10-09T10:33:08Z Kelvin kevoo 48194 kuanzisha makala 1606490 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Goyas 2025 - Lola Dueñas 02.jpg|thumb|Lola Dueñas]] '''María Dolores Dueñas Navarro''' (alizaliwa [[6 Oktoba]] [[1971]]), anayejulikana zaidi kama Lola Dueñas, ni [[mwigizaji]] wa Kihispania. Amepokea [[tuzo]] mbalimbali, zikiwemo tuzo mbili za Goya za Mwigizaji Bora wa Kike. Mbali na kushiriki katika [[filamu]] na vipindi vya [[televisheni]] vya [[Uhispania]], pia amefanya kazi katika tasnia ya filamu ya [[Ufaransa]]. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == María Dolores Dueñas Navarro alizaliwa katika jiji la Madrid tarehe 6 Oktoba 1971. Wazazi wake ni Nicolás Dueñas, ambaye alikuwa mwigizaji, na María Navarro, aliyekuwa meneja wa muda mrefu na mtu wa karibu wa [[mwimbaji]] Isabel Pantoja. Babu yake wa kizazi cha nne alikuwa El Rubio de Telde, mpiganaji maarufu wa mieleka ya jadi ya Visiwa vya Kanari. Lola Dueñas alipata mafunzo ya uigizaji katika Teatro de La Abadía.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0240318/</ref><ref>https://hoy.com.do/vivir/alegria/lola-duenas-me-encanta-ser-una-chica-almodovar_333052.html</ref> == Marejeo == [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1971]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Hispania]] [[Jamii:Watu walio hai]] <references />{{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} 2d3v278emt33w2qxy05dpdabhmqme0p 0 253923 1606491 2026-10-09T10:40:40Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Calvin F. Duncan''' (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1962 au [[1963]]) ni mtetezi wa haki za kisheria na [[mwanaharakati]] wa haki za wafungwa kutoka [[Marekani]]. Akiwa kijana, mwaka 1982, alikamatwa kwa tuhuma za mauaji, kisha akapatikana na hatia na kufungwa katika Gereza la Jimbo la [[Louisiana]] kwa muda mwingi wa miaka 28 na nusu. Akiwa gerezani, licha ya kuwa na elimu ya darasa la tisa tu, alijifundisha sheria za jinai na kufanya kazi kama mwanasheria wa wafun...' 1606491 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Calvin F. Duncan''' (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1962 au [[1963]]) ni mtetezi wa haki za kisheria na [[mwanaharakati]] wa haki za wafungwa kutoka [[Marekani]]. Akiwa kijana, mwaka 1982, alikamatwa kwa tuhuma za mauaji, kisha akapatikana na hatia na kufungwa katika Gereza la Jimbo la [[Louisiana]] kwa muda mwingi wa miaka 28 na nusu. Akiwa gerezani, licha ya kuwa na elimu ya darasa la tisa tu, alijifundisha sheria za jinai na kufanya kazi kama mwanasheria wa wafungwa, akiwasaidia wafungwa wengine kupata kuachiliwa. Baada ya kuachiliwa kupitia makubaliano ya kukiri kosa, Duncan alianzisha na kushirikiana kuanzisha taasisi kadhaa za kutetea haki za kisheria za wafungwa. Alikuwa na mchango mkubwa katika kuwasilisha kwa mafanikio kesi katika Mahakama Kuu ya Marekani. Baadaye aliondolewa rasmi kwenye tuhuma za mauaji, akapata shahada ya Udaktari wa Sheria katika Shule ya Sheria ya Lewis & Clark akiwa na umri wa miaka 60, na akaandika kwa ushirikiano kumbukumbu za maisha yake katika kitabu ''The Jailhouse Lawyer'', kilichofanikiwa sana kibiashara. Mwaka 2025, alichaguliwa kuwa karani wa mahakama hiyo hiyo ya jinai iliyokuwa imemhukumu kwa mauaji hapo awali. Katika hatua iliyolaaniwa kuwa ya ubaguzi wa rangi, bunge la jimbo lilipitisha sheria iliyofuta nafasi hiyo kabla hajaanza rasmi kazi yake. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] ec6s293z0a7ekfvgzhkcb7y56noq18i 1606492 1606491 2026-10-09T10:41:23Z Ladygoody 92634 1606492 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Calvin Duncan.jpg|thumb|Duncan in 2025]] '''Calvin F. Duncan''' (aliyezaliwa mwaka 1962 au [[1963]]) ni mtetezi wa haki za kisheria na [[mwanaharakati]] wa haki za wafungwa kutoka [[Marekani]]. Akiwa kijana, mwaka 1982, alikamatwa kwa tuhuma za mauaji, kisha akapatikana na hatia na kufungwa katika Gereza la Jimbo la [[Louisiana]] kwa muda mwingi wa miaka 28 na nusu. Akiwa gerezani, licha ya kuwa na elimu ya darasa la tisa tu, alijifundisha sheria za jinai na kufanya kazi kama mwanasheria wa wafungwa, akiwasaidia wafungwa wengine kupata kuachiliwa. Baada ya kuachiliwa kupitia makubaliano ya kukiri kosa, Duncan alianzisha na kushirikiana kuanzisha taasisi kadhaa za kutetea haki za kisheria za wafungwa. Alikuwa na mchango mkubwa katika kuwasilisha kwa mafanikio kesi katika Mahakama Kuu ya Marekani. Baadaye aliondolewa rasmi kwenye tuhuma za mauaji, akapata shahada ya Udaktari wa Sheria katika Shule ya Sheria ya Lewis & Clark akiwa na umri wa miaka 60, na akaandika kwa ushirikiano kumbukumbu za maisha yake katika kitabu ''The Jailhouse Lawyer'', kilichofanikiwa sana kibiashara. Mwaka 2025, alichaguliwa kuwa karani wa mahakama hiyo hiyo ya jinai iliyokuwa imemhukumu kwa mauaji hapo awali. Katika hatua iliyolaaniwa kuwa ya ubaguzi wa rangi, bunge la jimbo lilipitisha sheria iliyofuta nafasi hiyo kabla hajaanza rasmi kazi yake. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu}} [[Jamii:Wanaharakati wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1963]] bd1h4pyq6qb6lu9ko1domklio2xnfxa 0 253924 1606493 2026-10-09T10:44:37Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Bruce Alan Campbell''' (aliyezaliwa [[22 Aprili]] [[1957]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake ya Derek Mitchell katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa CBS, ''Jake and the Fatman'', ulioonyeshwa kuanzia mwaka 1987 hadi 1992, na nafasi ya E.Z. Taylor katika mfululizo wa muda mfupi wa ''Three's a Crowd'', uliokuwa mwendelezo wa kipindi cha ''Three's Company'' na kuonyeshwa kuanzia mwaka 1984 hadi 1985. == Maisha ya awali...' 1606493 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bruce Alan Campbell''' (aliyezaliwa [[22 Aprili]] [[1957]]) ni [[mwigizaji]] kutoka [[Marekani]]. Anajulikana zaidi kwa nafasi yake ya Derek Mitchell katika mfululizo wa televisheni wa CBS, ''Jake and the Fatman'', ulioonyeshwa kuanzia mwaka 1987 hadi 1992, na nafasi ya E.Z. Taylor katika mfululizo wa muda mfupi wa ''Three's a Crowd'', uliokuwa mwendelezo wa kipindi cha ''Three's Company'' na kuonyeshwa kuanzia mwaka 1984 hadi 1985. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Bruce Alan Campbell alizaliwa tarehe 22 Aprili 1957 huko Homestead, [[Florida]]. Alikuwa mwana wa Edward John Campbell, mkulima, na Audrey Carolyn Griner (1930–2015), aliyekuwa mama wa nyumbani. Campbell alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane na kuhitimu shahada ya kwanza ya biashara katika Chuo Kikuu cha [[Miami]]. == Kazi == Campbell alijulikana kwa watazamaji wa televisheni alipoigiza pamoja na John Ritter katika mfululizo wa muda mfupi wa ''Three's a Crowd'' (1984–1985), ambamo alicheza nafasi ya kuchekesha ya E.Z. Taylor, mpishi msaidizi wa Jack Tripper katika mgahawa wake. Taylor alionyeshwa kama kijana anayependa maisha ya ufukweni na utamaduni wa wasafiri wa mawimbini. Pia aliigiza kwa misimu mitano pamoja na William Conrad na Joe Penny katika tamthilia ya uhalifu ya CBS, ''Jake and the Fatman'' (1987–1992), akicheza nafasi ya Derek Mitchell, Mwanasheria Msaidizi wa Wilaya. Campbell pia alionekana kama mwigizaji mgeni katika vipindi vingi vya televisheni, vikiwemo ''The Facts of Life'', ''Matlock'', ''All My Children'', ''Law & Order'', ''Law & Order: SVU'' na ''Homicide: Life on the Street''. Aidha, alishiriki katika mfululizo wa vipindi vya wavuti ''Submissions Only'' na ''Then We Got Help!''. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1957]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji Filamu]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Marekani]] 9dg0b5gjqhq6u3rxe9hjmpu4bmc5jsr 0 253925 1606494 2026-10-09T10:49:08Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Will Davis Campbell''' (1[[8 Julai]] [[1924]] – [[3 Juni]] [[2013]]) alikuwa mhudumu wa [[kanisa]] la Kibaptisti, mhadhiri na [[mwanaharakati]]. Alizaliwa katika Kaunti ya Amite, [[Mississippi]], na alifariki [[Nashville, Tennessee]]. Campbell alikuwa mzungu kutoka Kusini mwa Marekani aliyeunga mkono haki za kiraia za Waamerika wenye asili ya [[Afrika]]. Pia alikuwa mhadhiri na mwandishi, aliyejulikana zaidi kwa kitabu chake cha maisha yake, ''Brother...' 1606494 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Will Davis Campbell''' (1[[8 Julai]] [[1924]] – [[3 Juni]] [[2013]]) alikuwa mhudumu wa [[kanisa]] la Kibaptisti, mhadhiri na [[mwanaharakati]]. Alizaliwa katika Kaunti ya Amite, [[Mississippi]], na alifariki [[Nashville, Tennessee]]. Campbell alikuwa mzungu kutoka Kusini mwa Marekani aliyeunga mkono haki za kiraia za Waamerika wenye asili ya [[Afrika]]. Pia alikuwa mhadhiri na mwandishi, aliyejulikana zaidi kwa kitabu chake cha maisha yake, ''Brother to a Dragonfly'', ambacho kilifika hatua ya mwisho ya uteuzi wa [[Tuzo]] ya Kitaifa ya Vitabu mwaka 1978. == Maisha ya awali na kazi == Campbell alizaliwa mwaka 1924 katika Kaunti ya Amite, Mississippi, akiwa mwana wa mkulima na mke wake. Alisema kuwa familia yake ilimlea kwa kumfundisha kuvumilia na kuheshimu tamaduni tofauti, ingawa kanisa la familia yao lilikuwa na Biblia zilizopambwa kwa alama ya Ku Klux Klan. Aliteuliwa kuwa mhudumu wa kanisa akiwa na umri wa miaka 17 na kusanyiko la Kibaptisti katika eneo lao. Alisoma katika Louisiana College, kisha akajiunga na [[jeshi]] wakati wa [[Vita vya Pili vya Dunia]], ambako alihudumu kama mhudumu wa afya. Baada ya vita, alisoma katika Wake Forest College na kupata shahada ya kwanza ya Kiingereza. Pia alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane na Shule ya Theolojia ya Yale, ambako alipata shahada ya theolojia mwaka 1952. Ingawa alihudumu kama mchungaji huko Louisiana kuanzia mwaka 1952 hadi 1954, sehemu kubwa ya kazi yake aliifanya katika mazingira mengine. Mwaka 1954, aliteuliwa kuwa mkurugenzi wa maisha ya kidini katika Chuo Kikuu cha Mississippi, lakini alijiuzulu mwaka 1956. Moja ya sababu za kujiuzulu kwake ilikuwa uhasama aliokumbana nao, ikiwemo vitisho vya kuuawa, kutokana na kuunga mkono kuunganishwa kwa watu wa rangi tofauti katika taasisi na jamii. Baadaye, alifanya kazi kama afisa wa shughuli za maeneo katika Baraza la Kitaifa la Makanisa na kujiunga na harakati za kutetea haki za kiraia. Mwaka 1963, Campbell aliondoka katika Baraza la Kitaifa la Makanisa na kuwa mkurugenzi wa Kamati ya Wanakanisa wa Kusini, ambayo aliitumia kama msingi wa kuendeleza harakati zake za kijamii. Kamati ya Wanakanisa wa Kusini ilichapisha jarida lililoitwa ''Katallagete''. Jina hilo lilitokana na neno la Kigiriki la Agano Jipya lenye maana ya “patanisheni”, likirejelea kifungu cha 2 Wakorintho 5:20. Jarida hilo lilichapisha makala kuhusu siasa na mabadiliko ya kijamii kwa mtazamo wa imani ya Kikristo. Lilieleza mawazo ya vuguvugu la theolojia ya neo-orthodoxy, ambalo Campbell alifahamiana nalo alipokuwa Yale. Jarida hilo lilihaririwa na James Y. Holloway wa Berea College huko Kentucky na lilichapishwa kuanzia mwaka 1965 hadi mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990. Mwaka 1983, Kamati ya Wanakanisa wa Kusini ilikabidhi usimamizi wa jarida hilo kwa Campbell na Holloway. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2013]] [[Jamii:Wanaharakati]] [[Jamii:Kanisa]] rnemzp51gtr2ic2v5a36058svsf8e1h 0 253926 1606495 2026-10-09T10:53:01Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Grayson Capps''' ni [[mwimbaji]] na [[mtunzi]] wa [[Wimbo|nyimbo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] anayejihusisha na muziki wa Americana na blues rock. Alizaliwa Opelika, [[Alabama]], Marekani. == Maisha ya awali == Capps alizaliwa Opelika, Alabama, katika familia ambayo wazazi wake walikuwa [[Mwanafunzi|wanafunzi]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha Auburn. Alikulia Brewton, Alabama, alipokuwa mtoto, lakini alihamia Fairhope, Alabama, kwa ajili ya masomo ya shule ya sekondari...' 1606495 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grayson Capps''' ni [[mwimbaji]] na [[mtunzi]] wa [[Wimbo|nyimbo]] kutoka [[Marekani]] anayejihusisha na muziki wa Americana na blues rock. Alizaliwa Opelika, [[Alabama]], Marekani. == Maisha ya awali == Capps alizaliwa Opelika, Alabama, katika familia ambayo wazazi wake walikuwa [[Mwanafunzi|wanafunzi]] katika Chuo Kikuu cha Auburn. Alikulia Brewton, Alabama, alipokuwa mtoto, lakini alihamia Fairhope, Alabama, kwa ajili ya masomo ya shule ya sekondari. Akiwa Fairhope, alivutiwa na [[sanaa]] za [[maigizo]] na baadaye akapata shahada ya sanaa za maigizo katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane. Aliendelea kuishi [[New Orleans]] hadi Kimbunga Katrina kilipotokea. == Kazi ya muziki == Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990, alipokuwa mwanafunzi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, Capps alianzisha bendi iliyoitwa The House Levelers. Muziki wa bendi hiyo ulielezwa kuwa mchanganyiko wa muziki wa folk na thrash. Akiwa bado katika chuo hicho, alianzisha pia bendi ya blues rock iliyoitwa Stavin' Chain. Bendi hiyo ilitoa albamu moja iliyokuwa na jina lake kabla ya kuvunjika. Mwaka 2004, baadhi ya nyimbo za Capps zilitumika katika filamu ''A Love Song for Bobby Long'', iliyotokana na riwaya iliyoandikwa na baba yake. Mwaka 2011, Capps na bendi yake ya Lost Cause Minstrels walitoa albamu iliyoitwa ''Lost Cause Minstrels'' kupitia kampuni ya Royal Potato Family Records. Capps alitoa albamu yake ya kwanza ya solo, ''If You Knew My Mind'', mwaka 2005 kupitia Hyena Records. Albamu yake ya pili, ''Wail & Ride'', ilitolewa mwaka 2006 kupitia kampuni hiyo hiyo. Mwaka 2008, alitoa albamu ''Rott & Roll'', iliyorekodiwa pamoja na bendi iliyojulikana kama Stumpknockers. Albamu yake ''Scarlett Roses'' ilitolewa Desemba 2017. Tovuti ya AllMusic ilieleza kuwa albamu hiyo ilikuwa rekodi ya muziki wa roots rock ambayo mashabiki walikuwa wakiitarajia kutoka kwa Capps. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-igiza-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waimbaji]] [[Jamii:Watunzi]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji Filamu]] fr95tu63tvtgu3tcejlr0lrjoi3o07e 0 253927 1606496 2026-10-09T10:56:05Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Valerie Elaine Caproni''' (aliyezaliwa [[13 Agosti]] [[1955]]) ni [[jaji]] [[mwandamizi]] wa [[Mahakama]] ya [[Wilaya]] ya [[Marekani]] katika Wilaya ya Kusini ya [[Jiji la New York|New York]]. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Caproni alikulia Columbus, Georgia, na alisoma katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Hardaway, ambako alihitimu mwaka [[1973]]. Akiwa [[kijana]], pia alishiriki katika Mpango wa Heshima wa Gavana wa Georgia, ambao ni mpango wa majira ya kia...' 1606496 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Valerie Elaine Caproni''' (aliyezaliwa [[13 Agosti]] [[1955]]) ni [[jaji]] [[mwandamizi]] wa [[Mahakama]] ya [[Wilaya]] ya [[Marekani]] katika Wilaya ya Kusini ya [[Jiji la New York|New York]]. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Caproni alikulia Columbus, Georgia, na alisoma katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Hardaway, ambako alihitimu mwaka [[1973]]. Akiwa [[kijana]], pia alishiriki katika Mpango wa Heshima wa Gavana wa Georgia, ambao ni mpango wa majira ya kiangazi kwa wanafunzi wenye vipaji vya kipekee. Mwaka 1976, alipata shahada ya kwanza ya sanaa katika saikolojia, kwa matokeo ya juu ya kitaaluma, kutoka Newcomb College ya Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane. Mwaka 1979, alipata shahada ya Udaktari wa Sheria kwa matokeo bora zaidi ya kitaaluma kutoka Shule ya Sheria ya Chuo Kikuu cha Georgia. Alipokuwa akisoma sheria, alihudumu katika bodi ya uhariri wa jarida ''Georgia Law Review''. Pia alishinda mashindano ya Russell na Talmadge ya mahakama ya mazoezi ya kesi na akapokelewa katika chama cha heshima cha kitaaluma cha Order of the Coif. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Majaji]] [[Jamii:Mahakama]] rj6jg88slyo0v69djar3128l12jei8m 0 253928 1606497 2026-10-09T11:01:04Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Emily Watts Card''' (aliyezaliwa [[8 Mei]] [[1942]]) ni [[mwanasayansi]] wa [[siasa]], [[mwalimu]] na [[mwandishi]] kutoka [[Marekani]] anayejihusisha na masuala ya mikopo na fedha kwa [[wanawake]]. Akiwa mshiriki wa mpango wa wataalamu wanaosaidia wabunge, chini ya Seneta Bill Brock wa Chama cha Republican kutoka Tennessee, Card alikusanya ushahidi, akaandaa rasimu ya sheria na kuratibu uungwaji mkono wa Sheria ya Fursa Sawa za Mikopo ya mwaka 1974. =...' 1606497 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Emily Watts Card''' (aliyezaliwa [[8 Mei]] [[1942]]) ni [[mwanasayansi]] wa [[siasa]], [[mwalimu]] na [[mwandishi]] kutoka [[Marekani]] anayejihusisha na masuala ya mikopo na fedha kwa [[wanawake]]. Akiwa mshiriki wa mpango wa wataalamu wanaosaidia wabunge, chini ya Seneta Bill Brock wa Chama cha Republican kutoka Tennessee, Card alikusanya ushahidi, akaandaa rasimu ya sheria na kuratibu uungwaji mkono wa Sheria ya Fursa Sawa za Mikopo ya mwaka 1974. == Familia na elimu == Card alizaliwa akiwa na jina la Emily Ann Watts tarehe 8 Mei 1942, akiwa binti wa Ray Dean Watts na Anne America Dempsey. Alihitimu katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Chattanooga, iliyoko [[Chattanooga, Tennessee|Chattanooga]], [[Tennessee]], mwaka 1960. Mwaka 1963, alipata shahada ya kwanza ya sanaa kutoka Newcomb College. Mwaka 1966, alipata shahada ya uzamili katika sayansi ya siasa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane. Mwaka 1972, alikamilisha shahada ya uzamivu katika sayansi ya siasa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia. Tasnifu yake ilikuwa na kichwa ''The Politics of Underdevelopment: From Voluntary Associations to Party Auxiliaries in Ghana''. Baadaye, mwaka 1981, alipata shahada ya uzamili katika utawala wa umma kutoka Shule ya Kennedy ya Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard. Pia ana shahada ya Udaktari wa Sheria kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha [[California]], [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles.]] == Kazi == Card alikuwa mwanzilishi na mkurugenzi wa Mradi wa Mikopo na Fedha kwa Wanawake katika Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard. Ameandika, kuandika kwa ushirikiano au kuchangia katika vitabu saba, na alikuwa mhariri mchangiaji wa jarida ''Ms.''. Katika miaka ya 1980, aliendesha kipindi cha televisheni kilichoitwa ''It's Your Money''. Kwa miaka mingi, Card aliunganisha ujuzi wake wa sheria na fedha alipokuwa mkuu wa huduma ya ushauri wa kifedha iliyokuwa Santa Monica, California. Pia aliwahi kuwa [[profesa]] msaidizi wa sayansi ya siasa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Wisconsin–Green Bay. Mwezi Mei 1974, aligombea kiti cha Wilaya ya 31 ya Bunge la Wawakilishi la Marekani huko California akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia. Kufikia mwaka 1979, Card alikuwa profesa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Southern California na mkurugenzi wa Taasisi ya Mipango ya chuo hicho. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Walimu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] rg4c4z3ssjetk44tih6emkv2fgsq62c 1606498 1606497 2026-10-09T11:01:40Z Ladygoody 92634 1606498 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Emily Card.jpg|thumb|'''Emily Card''']] '''Emily Watts Card''' (aliyezaliwa [[8 Mei]] [[1942]]) ni [[mwanasayansi]] wa [[siasa]], [[mwalimu]] na [[mwandishi]] kutoka [[Marekani]] anayejihusisha na masuala ya mikopo na fedha kwa [[wanawake]]. Akiwa mshiriki wa mpango wa wataalamu wanaosaidia wabunge, chini ya Seneta Bill Brock wa Chama cha Republican kutoka Tennessee, Card alikusanya ushahidi, akaandaa rasimu ya sheria na kuratibu uungwaji mkono wa Sheria ya Fursa Sawa za Mikopo ya mwaka 1974. == Familia na elimu == Card alizaliwa akiwa na jina la Emily Ann Watts tarehe 8 Mei 1942, akiwa binti wa Ray Dean Watts na Anne America Dempsey. Alihitimu katika Shule ya Sekondari ya Chattanooga, iliyoko [[Chattanooga, Tennessee|Chattanooga]], [[Tennessee]], mwaka 1960. Mwaka 1963, alipata shahada ya kwanza ya sanaa kutoka Newcomb College. Mwaka 1966, alipata shahada ya uzamili katika sayansi ya siasa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane. Mwaka 1972, alikamilisha shahada ya uzamivu katika sayansi ya siasa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Columbia. Tasnifu yake ilikuwa na kichwa ''The Politics of Underdevelopment: From Voluntary Associations to Party Auxiliaries in Ghana''. Baadaye, mwaka 1981, alipata shahada ya uzamili katika utawala wa umma kutoka Shule ya Kennedy ya Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard. Pia ana shahada ya Udaktari wa Sheria kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha [[California]], [[Los Angeles|Los Angeles.]] == Kazi == Card alikuwa mwanzilishi na mkurugenzi wa Mradi wa Mikopo na Fedha kwa Wanawake katika Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard. Ameandika, kuandika kwa ushirikiano au kuchangia katika vitabu saba, na alikuwa mhariri mchangiaji wa jarida ''Ms.''. Katika miaka ya 1980, aliendesha kipindi cha televisheni kilichoitwa ''It's Your Money''. Kwa miaka mingi, Card aliunganisha ujuzi wake wa sheria na fedha alipokuwa mkuu wa huduma ya ushauri wa kifedha iliyokuwa Santa Monica, California. Pia aliwahi kuwa [[profesa]] msaidizi wa sayansi ya siasa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Wisconsin–Green Bay. Mwezi Mei 1974, aligombea kiti cha Wilaya ya 31 ya Bunge la Wawakilishi la Marekani huko California akiwa mwanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia. Kufikia mwaka 1979, Card alikuwa profesa katika Chuo Kikuu cha Southern California na mkurugenzi wa Taasisi ya Mipango ya chuo hicho. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1942]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Walimu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] qq72829qwxz6q2qusg5i0yzk06n73z2 0 253929 1606499 2026-10-09T11:04:44Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Alberto Jose Cardelle''' ni [[mwalimu]] na msomi kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[rais]] wa tisa wa Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la [[New York]] huko Oneonta. == Maisha na kazi == Cardelle anatoka [[Miami]], [[Florida]]. Alipata shahada ya kwanza katika biolojia na masomo ya [[Amerika ya Kusini]] kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, shahada ya uzamili ya [[afya]] ya [[umma]] kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Boston, na shahada ya uzamivu katika masomo ya kima...' 1606499 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alberto Jose Cardelle''' ni [[mwalimu]] na msomi kutoka [[Marekani]] ambaye kwa sasa anahudumu kama [[rais]] wa tisa wa Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la [[New York]] huko Oneonta. == Maisha na kazi == Cardelle anatoka [[Miami]], [[Florida]]. Alipata shahada ya kwanza katika biolojia na masomo ya [[Amerika ya Kusini]] kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, shahada ya uzamili ya [[afya]] ya [[umma]] kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Boston, na shahada ya uzamivu katika masomo ya kimataifa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Miami. Baada ya kuhitimu, alishika nyadhifa mbalimbali katika sekta ya afya ya umma, akifanya kazi na mashirika kama [[UNICEF]] na Shirika la Afya Duniani. Cardelle alikuwa profesa msaidizi wa afya ya umma katika Chuo Kikuu cha East Stroudsburg, na baadaye akawa makamu mkuu wa masomo na mkuu wa chuo katika taasisi hiyo. Baadaye, alihudumu kama mkuu wa masomo na makamu wa rais wa masuala ya kitaaluma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Fitchburg. Mwezi Julai 2021, Kansela wa SUNY, Jim Malatras, pamoja na Bodi ya Wadhamini ya SUNY, walitangaza uteuzi wa Cardelle kuwa rais wa Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la New York huko Oneonta. Alianza rasmi kushika wadhifa huo tarehe 6 Septemba 2021. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Walimu wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Marais]] [[Jamii:Wasomi]] i1d2vdwfbfnm1l1nnc92or0j4vaqux9 0 253930 1606502 2026-10-09T11:08:31Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Rosel George Brown''' ([[15 Machi]] [[1926]] – [[26 Novemba]] [[1967]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa [[Marekani]] wa fasihi ya sayansi ya kubuni. == Wasifu == Brown alizaliwa [[New Orleans, Louisiana]]. Baada ya kumaliza elimu yake rasmi katika Sophie Newcomb College, ambako alijikita katika lugha ya [[Kigiriki cha kale]], aliendelea na masomo katika Chuo Kikuu cha Minnesota na kupata shahada ya uzamili katika lugha ya Kigiriki. Baada ya masomo yake, al...' 1606502 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rosel George Brown''' ([[15 Machi]] [[1926]] – [[26 Novemba]] [[1967]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa [[Marekani]] wa fasihi ya sayansi ya kubuni. == Wasifu == Brown alizaliwa [[New Orleans, Louisiana]]. Baada ya kumaliza elimu yake rasmi katika Sophie Newcomb College, ambako alijikita katika lugha ya [[Kigiriki cha kale]], aliendelea na masomo katika Chuo Kikuu cha Minnesota na kupata shahada ya uzamili katika lugha ya Kigiriki. Baada ya masomo yake, aliishi katika jiji alikozaliwa pamoja na mume wake, W. Burlie Brown, aliyekuwa profesa wa historia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane. Wanandoa hao walikuwa na watoto wawili, mwana aliyezaliwa mwaka 1954 na binti aliyezaliwa mwaka 1959. Mbali na uandishi, Brown alifanya kazi kama mwalimu na mfanyakazi wa kutembelea na kusaidia watu waliokuwa wakipokea huduma za ustawi wa jamii huko Louisiana. Mwaka 1959, aliteuliwa kuwania [[Tuzo]] ya Hugo katika kipengele cha mwandishi bora mpya. Maisha na kazi yake vilikatizwa alipofariki kutokana na ugonjwa wa limfoma akiwa na umri wa miaka 41, mwaka 1967. Juzuu ya nne ya mkusanyiko wa ''Nebula Award Anthology'' ina taarifa ya kifo chake iliyoandikwa na Daniel F. Galouye. Mwandishi Anne McCaffrey alitoa wakfu wa kitabu chake cha mwaka 1970, ''Alchemy & Academe'', kwa Brown pamoja na watu wengine kadhaa. Brown na McCaffrey walikuwa wamekutana katika warsha ya waandishi ya Milford. == Kazi za uandishi == Kazi nyingi za Brown ziliandikwa kuanzia mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1950 hadi katikati ya miaka ya 1960, na kwa ujumla zilipokelewa vizuri na wakosoaji pamoja na wasomaji. Riwaya zake kuu ni ''Sibyl Sue Blue'', inayojulikana pia kama ''Galactic Sibyl Sue Blue'', na mwendelezo wake, ''The Waters of Centaurus''. Vitabu hivyo vinaeleza maisha ya Sybil Sue Blue, mpelelezi wa kike. ''The Waters of Centaurus'' kilichapishwa baada ya kifo chake, na hakimiliki yake ilisajiliwa na mume wake mwaka 1970. Pia alishirikiana na Keith Laumer kuandika riwaya ''Earthblood'' iliyochapishwa mwaka 1966. Katika mapitio ya kitabu ''Galactic Suburbia: Recovering Women's Science Fiction'' kilichoandikwa na Lisa Yaszek, Rob Latham alisisitiza umuhimu wa kujumuishwa kwa Brown katika kitabu hicho. Alimtaja pamoja na Margaret St. Clair, Zenna Henderson, Mildred Clingerman na Doris Pitkin Buck kama waandishi wenye vipaji muhimu wa miaka ya 1950 ambao kazi zao zilikuwa katika hatari ya kusahaulika. Hadithi fupi za Brown zilichapishwa katika majarida mbalimbali, yakiwemo ''The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction'', ''Amazing Stories'' na ''Fantastic Universe''. Mkusanyiko wa hadithi zake fupi ulioitwa ''A Handful of Time'' ulichapishwa na Ballantine Books mwaka 1963. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1926]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1967]] [[Jamii:Waandishi]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] bru0bvjjbhb9ju6r4w9smnb4d3vcb1p 1606508 1606502 2026-10-09T11:11:01Z Ladygoody 92634 1606508 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rosel George Brown''' ([[15 Machi]] [[1926]] – [[26 Novemba]] [[1967]]) alikuwa [[mwandishi]] wa [[Marekani]] wa fasihi ya sayansi ya kubuni. == Wasifu == Brown alizaliwa [[New Orleans, Louisiana]]. Baada ya kumaliza elimu yake rasmi katika Sophie Newcomb College, ambako alijikita katika lugha ya [[Kigiriki cha kale]], aliendelea na masomo katika Chuo Kikuu cha Minnesota na kupata shahada ya uzamili katika lugha ya Kigiriki. Baada ya masomo yake, aliishi katika jiji alikozaliwa pamoja na mume wake, W. Burlie Brown, aliyekuwa profesa wa historia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane. Wanandoa hao walikuwa na watoto wawili, mwana aliyezaliwa mwaka 1954 na binti aliyezaliwa mwaka 1959. Mbali na uandishi, Brown alifanya kazi kama mwalimu na mfanyakazi wa kutembelea na kusaidia watu waliokuwa wakipokea huduma za ustawi wa jamii huko Louisiana. Mwaka 1959, aliteuliwa kuwania [[Tuzo]] ya Hugo katika kipengele cha mwandishi bora mpya. Maisha na kazi yake vilikatizwa alipofariki kutokana na ugonjwa wa limfoma akiwa na umri wa miaka 41, mwaka 1967. Juzuu ya nne ya mkusanyiko wa ''Nebula Award Anthology'' ina taarifa ya kifo chake iliyoandikwa na Daniel F. Galouye. Mwandishi Anne McCaffrey alitoa wakfu wa kitabu chake cha mwaka 1970, ''Alchemy & Academe'', kwa Brown pamoja na watu wengine kadhaa. Brown na McCaffrey walikuwa wamekutana katika warsha ya waandishi ya Milford. == Kazi za uandishi == Kazi nyingi za Brown ziliandikwa kuanzia mwishoni mwa miaka ya 1950 hadi katikati ya miaka ya 1960, na kwa ujumla zilipokelewa vizuri na wakosoaji pamoja na wasomaji. Riwaya zake kuu ni ''Sibyl Sue Blue'', inayojulikana pia kama ''Galactic Sibyl Sue Blue'', na mwendelezo wake, ''The Waters of Centaurus''. Vitabu hivyo vinaeleza maisha ya Sybil Sue Blue, mpelelezi wa kike. ''The Waters of Centaurus'' kilichapishwa baada ya kifo chake, na hakimiliki yake ilisajiliwa na mume wake mwaka 1970. Pia alishirikiana na Keith Laumer kuandika riwaya ''Earthblood'' iliyochapishwa mwaka 1966. Katika mapitio ya kitabu ''Galactic Suburbia: Recovering Women's Science Fiction'' kilichoandikwa na Lisa Yaszek, Rob Latham alisisitiza umuhimu wa kujumuishwa kwa Brown katika kitabu hicho. Alimtaja pamoja na Margaret St. Clair, Zenna Henderson, Mildred Clingerman na Doris Pitkin Buck kama waandishi wenye vipaji muhimu wa miaka ya 1950 ambao kazi zao zilikuwa katika hatari ya kusahaulika. Hadithi fupi za Brown zilichapishwa katika majarida mbalimbali, yakiwemo ''The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction'', ''Amazing Stories'' na ''Fantastic Universe''. Mkusanyiko wa hadithi zake fupi ulioitwa ''A Handful of Time'' ulichapishwa na Ballantine Books mwaka 1963. == Hadithi fupi == Orodha ifuatayo ina baadhi ya [[hadithi]] fupi za Brown: "From an Unseen Censor", katika jarida ''Galaxy'', Septemba 1958 "Hair-Raising Adventure", katika ''Star Science Fiction #5'', 1959 "Virgin Ground", katika jarida ''Worlds of If'', Februari 1959 "Lost in Translation", katika jarida ''Fantasy & Science Fiction'', Mei 1959 "Car Pool", katika jarida ''Worlds of If'', Julai 1959 "Save Your Confederate Money, Boys", katika jarida ''Fantastic Universe'', Novemba 1959 "Flower Arrangement", katika jarida ''Galaxy'', Desemba 1959 "Signs of the Times", katika jarida ''Amazing Stories'', Desemba 1959 "David's Daddy", katika jarida ''Fantastic'', Juni 1960 "Step IV", katika jarida ''Amazing Stories'', Juni 1960 "There's Always a Way", katika jarida ''Fantastic'', Julai 1960 "A Little Human Contact", katika jarida ''Fantasy & Science Fiction'', Aprili 1960 "Just a Suggestion", katika jarida ''Fantasy & Science Fiction'', Agosti 1960 "Of All Possible Worlds", katika jarida ''Fantasy & Science Fiction'', Februari 1961. Hadithi hii pia ilichapishwa tena katika kitabu ''Rediscovery: Science Fiction by Women (1958–1963)''. "Visiting Professor", katika jarida ''Fantastic'', Februari 1961 "The Ultimate Sin", katika jarida ''Fantasy & Science Fiction'', Oktoba 1961 "And a Tooth", katika jarida ''Fantastic'', Agosti 1962 "Fruiting Body", katika jarida ''Fantasy & Science Fiction'', Agosti 1962 "Smith's Revenge", iliyochapishwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika kitabu ''A Handful of Time'' mwaka 1963 "The Devaluation of the Symbol", iliyochapishwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika kitabu ''A Handful of Time'' mwaka 1963 "The Artist", katika jarida ''Amazing Stories'', Mei 1964 == Riwaya == ''Earthblood'' (iliyoandikwa kwa ushirikiano na Keith Laumer), 1966 Mfululizo wa ''Sibyl Sue Blue'' ** ''Sibyl Sue Blue'', 1966. Pia ilichapishwa kwa jina ''Galactic Sibyl Sue Blue'' mwaka 1968. ** ''Waters of Centaurus'', iliyochapishwa baada ya kifo cha mwandishi mwaka 1970. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1926]] [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1967]] [[Jamii:Waandishi]] [[Jamii:Waandishi wa Marekani]] 1adk255my3unruys3d274mfeqoxq200 0 253931 1606512 2026-10-09T11:14:33Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Jacqueline K. Bishop''' ni [[msanii]] wa [[sanaa]] za kuona kutoka [[New Orleans]], anayejulikana kwa michoro yake yenye rangi angavu na za kuvutia, pamoja na chapa zake za sanaa na masanduku ya [[sanamu]]. Kazi hizi zinaonekana wazi katika mfululizo wake wa awali wa kazi za sanaa kuhusu vimbunga, ulioitwa ''Hurricane Series''. Bishop alikuwa sehemu ya nafasi muhimu ya maonyesho ya sanaa ya George Febres huko New Orleans, iliyoitwa Galerie Jules LaForgu...' 1606512 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jacqueline K. Bishop''' ni [[msanii]] wa [[sanaa]] za kuona kutoka [[New Orleans]], anayejulikana kwa michoro yake yenye rangi angavu na za kuvutia, pamoja na chapa zake za sanaa na masanduku ya [[sanamu]]. Kazi hizi zinaonekana wazi katika mfululizo wake wa awali wa kazi za sanaa kuhusu vimbunga, ulioitwa ''Hurricane Series''. Bishop alikuwa sehemu ya nafasi muhimu ya maonyesho ya sanaa ya George Febres huko New Orleans, iliyoitwa Galerie Jules LaForgue. Pia alihusishwa na kundi la wasanii la Febres lililojulikana kama Visionary Imagist. == Maisha ya awali == Bishop alizaliwa Long Beach, [[California]], mwaka [[1955]]. Alikulia Kansas City na St. Joseph, Missouri, pamoja na [[New Orleans, Louisiana]]. Mwaka 1975, alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Kansas kilichoko Lawrence. Mwaka 1978, alipata shahada ya kwanza ya sanaa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha New Orleans. Mwaka 1982, alipata shahada ya uzamili ya sanaa za ubunifu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane huko New Orleans. == Kazi == Katika kazi yake ya sanaa, Bishop alianza mapema kujikita katika masuala ya mazingira na mabadiliko ya tabianchi. Alizingatia hasa kutoweka kwa misitu ya mvua nchini Brazili na kulinganisha hali hiyo na upotevu wa maeneo oevu yanayozunguka New Orleans. Ameendelea kuunda picha zenye hisia za kutisha na za kutafakarisha, zinazoonyesha madhara yanayofanywa kwa ulimwengu na kutoweka kwa spishi nyingi za wanyama, hasa ndege. Mary Warner Marien aliandika kuwa Bishop huunda uhalisia wa kimiujiza, ambao ni sawa na namna fasihi ya Amerika ya Kusini inavyojieleza kwa njia ya picha na taswira. Kwa sasa, Bishop anawakilishwa na Arthur Roger Gallery huko New Orleans. Kazi zake zimejumuishwa katika mikusanyiko mikubwa ya sanaa katika taasisi zifuatazo: * Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana * Makumbusho ya Ogden ya Sanaa ya Kusini, New Orleans, Louisiana * Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Gongju, Gongju, Korea Kusini * Kituo cha Sanaa za Kisasa, New Orleans, Louisiana * Makumbusho ya Sanaa Nzuri ya Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Wasanii]] [[Jamii:Sanaa]] 4dkicf0hc5q401m13ba3qrb7rdt36qj 1606513 1606512 2026-10-09T11:15:37Z Ladygoody 92634 1606513 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Artist Photo-Bishop-Jacqueline-7-2020.jpg|thumb|'''Jacqueline Bishop''']] '''Jacqueline K. Bishop''' ni [[msanii]] wa [[sanaa]] za kuona kutoka [[New Orleans]], anayejulikana kwa michoro yake yenye rangi angavu na za kuvutia, pamoja na chapa zake za sanaa na masanduku ya [[sanamu]]. Kazi hizi zinaonekana wazi katika mfululizo wake wa awali wa kazi za sanaa kuhusu vimbunga, ulioitwa ''Hurricane Series''. Bishop alikuwa sehemu ya nafasi muhimu ya maonyesho ya sanaa ya George Febres huko New Orleans, iliyoitwa Galerie Jules LaForgue. Pia alihusishwa na kundi la wasanii la Febres lililojulikana kama Visionary Imagist. == Maisha ya awali == Bishop alizaliwa Long Beach, [[California]], mwaka [[1955]]. Alikulia Kansas City na St. Joseph, Missouri, pamoja na [[New Orleans, Louisiana]]. Mwaka 1975, alisoma katika Chuo Kikuu cha Kansas kilichoko Lawrence. Mwaka 1978, alipata shahada ya kwanza ya sanaa kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha New Orleans. Mwaka 1982, alipata shahada ya uzamili ya sanaa za ubunifu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane huko New Orleans. == Kazi == Katika kazi yake ya sanaa, Bishop alianza mapema kujikita katika masuala ya mazingira na mabadiliko ya tabianchi. Alizingatia hasa kutoweka kwa misitu ya mvua nchini Brazili na kulinganisha hali hiyo na upotevu wa maeneo oevu yanayozunguka New Orleans. Ameendelea kuunda picha zenye hisia za kutisha na za kutafakarisha, zinazoonyesha madhara yanayofanywa kwa ulimwengu na kutoweka kwa spishi nyingi za wanyama, hasa ndege. Mary Warner Marien aliandika kuwa Bishop huunda uhalisia wa kimiujiza, ambao ni sawa na namna fasihi ya Amerika ya Kusini inavyojieleza kwa njia ya picha na taswira. Kwa sasa, Bishop anawakilishwa na Arthur Roger Gallery huko New Orleans. Kazi zake zimejumuishwa katika mikusanyiko mikubwa ya sanaa katika taasisi zifuatazo: * Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana * Makumbusho ya Ogden ya Sanaa ya Kusini, New Orleans, Louisiana * Makumbusho ya Kitaifa ya Gongju, Gongju, Korea Kusini * Kituo cha Sanaa za Kisasa, New Orleans, Louisiana * Makumbusho ya Sanaa Nzuri ya Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1955]] [[Jamii:Wasanii]] [[Jamii:Sanaa]] hs78zlwlkuoy1fnn5z7wdozzmyqjng4 0 253932 1606514 2026-10-09T11:20:16Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Juan Manuel García Passalacqua''' ([[22 Februari]] [[1937]] – [[2 Julai]] [[2010]]) alikuwa [[mwanasheria]], [[mwandishi]] na mchambuzi wa [[siasa]] kutoka [[Puerto Rico]], aliyekuwa akichambua siasa za Puerto Rico. == Maisha ya awali == Juan Manuel García Passalacqua alizaliwa tarehe 22 Februari 1937 katika wilaya ya Hato Rey, [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]]. Alionyesha nia ya kusomea sheria tangu akiwa na umri mdogo sana. Alipata shahada kutoka Chuo Ki...' 1606514 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Juan Manuel García Passalacqua''' ([[22 Februari]] [[1937]] – [[2 Julai]] [[2010]]) alikuwa [[mwanasheria]], [[mwandishi]] na mchambuzi wa [[siasa]] kutoka [[Puerto Rico]], aliyekuwa akichambua siasa za Puerto Rico. == Maisha ya awali == Juan Manuel García Passalacqua alizaliwa tarehe 22 Februari 1937 katika wilaya ya Hato Rey, [[San Juan, Puerto Rico]]. Alionyesha nia ya kusomea sheria tangu akiwa na umri mdogo sana. Alipata shahada kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Tufts, Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane na Shule ya [[Sheria]] ya [[Harvard]]. Baba yake alikuwa profesa wa fasihi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Puerto Rico, na mjomba wake alikuwa mgombea wa ugavana kupitia Chama cha Uhuru cha Puerto Rico. Baada ya kupata shahada ya sheria, alifanya kazi kama msaidizi wa magavana Luis Muñoz Marín na Roberto Sánchez Vilella, ambao wote walikuwa wanachama wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Umma. Alikuwa mwanachama wa kundi la wanamageuzi lililojulikana Puerto Rico kama The 22. Alikuwa ameoa Ivonne Acosta, profesa wa chuo kikuu na mwandishi, hadi alipofariki. Walikuwa na binti aliyeitwa Ivonne Marie García Acosta, ambaye pia alikuwa profesa wa chuo kikuu. == Mwandishi na mchambuzi wa siasa == Baadaye, García Passalacqua alianza kutoridhishwa na Chama cha Kidemokrasia cha Umma na hatimaye kujitenga nacho. Akawa mtayarishaji wa vipindi vya televisheni huko Puerto Rico. Moja ya vipindi vyake muhimu zaidi kilikuwa ''Cara a Cara Ante el País''. Katika miaka ya 1980, García Passalacqua akawa mmoja wa wachambuzi wa siasa waliotafutwa sana na watayarishaji wengine wa televisheni. Wakati wa miaka ya uchaguzi, alikuwa mtu aliyeonekana mara kwa mara kwenye televisheni ya Puerto Rico. Aliandika zaidi ya vitabu ishirini kwa lugha ya Kihispania na Kiingereza, hasa kuhusu masuala ya Karibiani na siasa. Mwaka 1982, alialikwa kuwa mwanachama wa Baraza la Mahusiano ya Kigeni. Pia alikuwa mwanachama wa Mduara wa Mabalozi wa Kituo cha Carter kilichoko Atlanta. Katika kutekeleza majukumu yake na Kituo cha Carter, alihudumu kama mwangalizi huru wa uchaguzi katika zaidi ya nchi kumi na mbili duniani. García Passalacqua alifundisha kama profesa mgeni katika vyuo mbalimbali, kuanzia Chuo Kikuu cha Yale hadi Kituo cha Mafunzo ya Juu kuhusu Puerto Rico na Karibiani kilichoko San Juan. Kwa miaka mingi, alihudumu kama mshauri wa kisheria wa Taasisi ya Ana G. Méndez. Akiwa mchambuzi wa siasa huko Puerto Rico, alijulikana kwa kutoa maoni na ukosoaji kuhusu vyama vya siasa vya Puerto Rico bila kuunga mkono au kupinga moja kwa moja chama chochote kati ya vyama vitatu vikuu. Kwa miaka mingi, aliendelea kupendekeza mfumo wa kisiasa ambao Puerto Rico ingekuwa jamhuri yenye uhusiano wa ushirikiano na Marekani. Alikuwa ameandika tasnifu yake ya uzamili kuhusu suala hilo mwaka 1957 chini ya uelekezi wa Profesa Carl Joachim Friedrich katika Chuo Kikuu cha Harvard. Aliandika makala za magazeti kama ''El Nuevo Día'', ''El Vocero'' na ''The San Juan Star''. Mwaka 2006, alirejea katika kituo cha redio cha WKAQ-AM, kilichokuwa miongoni mwa vituo muhimu zaidi vya habari nchini Puerto Rico, akiwa mtoa maoni kuhusu siasa kupitia matangazo ya redio. García Passalacqua alikuwa na sehemu ya uchambuzi wa siasa iliyoitwa ''La Escuelita'' katika kipindi cha televisheni cha burudani cha mchana kilichoitwa ''Mediodía Puerto Rico'', kilichorushwa na kituo cha WAPA-TV. Baada ya tukio ambalo inaonekana alitoa maoni kuhusu binti wa Gavana Aníbal Acevedo Vilá, ambaye wakati huo alikuwa bado chini ya umri wa utu uzima, alifutwa kazi katika kipindi hicho na hakurudi tena kwenye kituo hicho. Badala yake, alitoa mahojiano kwa njia ya simu wakati vipindi vingine vya habari, waandishi wa habari na kipindi cha habari za udaku kilichoitwa ''SuperXclusivo'' vilipomtafuta ili kutoa uchambuzi wa kisiasa kwa kituo hicho. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2010]] [[Jamii:Wanasheria]] [[Jamii:Waandishi]] acv83y5ijj3aiuok2szcbdlh1m33byb 0 253933 1606515 2026-10-09T11:24:29Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Pippin Frisbie-Calder''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[14 Desemba]] [[1985]]) ni [[msanii]] wa [[sanaa]] za kuona, mhadhiri na msanii wa uchapaji kutoka [[Marekani]]. Kazi zake zinahusu mabadiliko ya tabianchi na uharibifu wa mazingira kwa mtazamo wa viashiria vya kibayolojia, hasa ndege. Kwa kuzingatia spishi zinazoonyesha hali ya afya ya mifumo [[ikolojia]], sanaa yake huchunguza athari pana za matatizo ya mazingira kama vile kutoweka kwa spishi na misururu ya...' 1606515 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pippin Frisbie-Calder''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[14 Desemba]] [[1985]]) ni [[msanii]] wa [[sanaa]] za kuona, mhadhiri na msanii wa uchapaji kutoka [[Marekani]]. Kazi zake zinahusu mabadiliko ya tabianchi na uharibifu wa mazingira kwa mtazamo wa viashiria vya kibayolojia, hasa ndege. Kwa kuzingatia spishi zinazoonyesha hali ya afya ya mifumo [[ikolojia]], sanaa yake huchunguza athari pana za matatizo ya mazingira kama vile kutoweka kwa spishi na misururu ya athari katika viwango vya mnyororo wa chakula. Kupitia ushirikiano na wataalamu wa [[mikrobiolojia]], [[Mtaalamu|wataalamu]] wa ornitholojia na wanaikolojia, huunda usakinishaji mkubwa wa sanaa za kuona unaofafanua matokeo ya kisayansi yanayohusiana na sayansi ya tabianchi na utunzaji wa mazingira. Usakinishaji wake unaomzunguka mtazamaji, ambao mara nyingi huundwa kwa ushirikiano na mashirika yanayoshughulikia tabianchi na mazingira, hujumuisha chapa zilizochongwa kwenye mbao katika tabaka mbalimbali pamoja na sanaa shirikishi. Kazi zake zimevutia umakini kwa kuunganisha sanaa na sayansi ili kuongeza uelewa kuhusu masuala ya ikolojia. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Pippin Frisbie-Calder alizaliwa Hammond, Louisiana, na alitumia utoto wake kati ya Maine na masomo ya nyumbani akiwa kwenye boti iliyojengwa na wazazi wake, iliyoitwa Nada. Boti hiyo ilisafiri kutoka Mandeville, Louisiana, kupitia Amerika ya Kati na Karibiani pamoja na familia yake. Mama yake, Terrie Frisbie, pia ni msanii wa uchapaji. Mbali na kumfundisha nyumbani walipokuwa baharini, mama yake alimpa zana za kuchonga kabla hajafikisha umri wa miaka mitano. Baba yake, Nigel Calder, ni mtaalamu mashuhuri wa mifumo ya usafiri wa baharini na boti za starehe. Ameandika machapisho kadhaa, yakiwemo yaliyochapishwa na McGraw-Hill Professional. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kitabu chake ''Boatowner’s Mechanical and Electrical Manual''. Mwaka 1995, boti ya Nada ilipewa kibali cha kuzunguka Cuba ili kufanya uchunguzi na kutengeneza ramani kwa ajili ya mwongozo wa urambazaji wa kisiwa hicho. Familia ya Frisbie-Calder ilitumia miezi minane kuchunguza ghuba zote zinazoweza kufikiwa kwa boti kuzunguka kisiwa hicho. Kazi hiyo ilisababisha kuandikwa kwa mwongozo maarufu wa safari za boti nchini Cuba, ''Cuba, a Cruising Guide'', ulioandikwa na Nigel Calder. Familia hiyo pia ilitumia muda huko Ulaya kutokana na asili ya Kiingereza ya Nigel Calder. Frisbie-Calder alianza masomo yake ya kitaaluma kwa kujikita katika uchapaji katika Shule ya Ubunifu ya Rhode Island. Alihitimu kwa heshima na kupata shahada ya kwanza ya sanaa za ubunifu. Baadaye, alihamia New Orleans ili kusaidia kuendesha karakana ya uchapaji ya jamii ya New Orleans. Aliendelea na masomo ya uchapaji katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane kilichoko New Orleans, Louisiana, na kupata shahada ya uzamili ya sanaa za ubunifu. Baadaye, alihudumu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane katika Idara ya Sanaa ya Newcomb na Idara ya Biolojia ya Mazingira. Kabla ya kupata shahada yake ya uzamili katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, Frisbie-Calder alikuwa tayari msanii anayetambulika. Alikuwa ameshiriki katika programu za ukaazi wa wasanii na maonyesho huko New Orleans, Rhode Island, Louisiana, Maine, Haiti na Indonesia. Pia alishiriki katika maonyesho ya binafsi, ya vikundi na yale ambayo kazi huchaguliwa na jopo la majaji. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanaakiolojia]] [[Jamii:Mikrobiolojia]] 7sod5j8zdx5fwss6lsdwk7e9dty4w3t 1606516 1606515 2026-10-09T11:25:07Z Ladygoody 92634 1606516 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Pippin Frisbie-Calder Portrait during Interview.jpg|thumb|Pippin Frisbie-Calder (2024)]] '''Pippin Frisbie-Calder''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[14 Desemba]] [[1985]]) ni [[msanii]] wa [[sanaa]] za kuona, mhadhiri na msanii wa uchapaji kutoka [[Marekani]]. Kazi zake zinahusu mabadiliko ya tabianchi na uharibifu wa mazingira kwa mtazamo wa viashiria vya kibayolojia, hasa ndege. Kwa kuzingatia spishi zinazoonyesha hali ya afya ya mifumo [[ikolojia]], sanaa yake huchunguza athari pana za matatizo ya mazingira kama vile kutoweka kwa spishi na misururu ya athari katika viwango vya mnyororo wa chakula. Kupitia ushirikiano na wataalamu wa [[mikrobiolojia]], [[Mtaalamu|wataalamu]] wa ornitholojia na wanaikolojia, huunda usakinishaji mkubwa wa sanaa za kuona unaofafanua matokeo ya kisayansi yanayohusiana na sayansi ya tabianchi na utunzaji wa mazingira. Usakinishaji wake unaomzunguka mtazamaji, ambao mara nyingi huundwa kwa ushirikiano na mashirika yanayoshughulikia tabianchi na mazingira, hujumuisha chapa zilizochongwa kwenye mbao katika tabaka mbalimbali pamoja na sanaa shirikishi. Kazi zake zimevutia umakini kwa kuunganisha sanaa na sayansi ili kuongeza uelewa kuhusu masuala ya ikolojia. == Maisha ya awali na elimu == Pippin Frisbie-Calder alizaliwa Hammond, Louisiana, na alitumia utoto wake kati ya Maine na masomo ya nyumbani akiwa kwenye boti iliyojengwa na wazazi wake, iliyoitwa Nada. Boti hiyo ilisafiri kutoka Mandeville, Louisiana, kupitia Amerika ya Kati na Karibiani pamoja na familia yake. Mama yake, Terrie Frisbie, pia ni msanii wa uchapaji. Mbali na kumfundisha nyumbani walipokuwa baharini, mama yake alimpa zana za kuchonga kabla hajafikisha umri wa miaka mitano. Baba yake, Nigel Calder, ni mtaalamu mashuhuri wa mifumo ya usafiri wa baharini na boti za starehe. Ameandika machapisho kadhaa, yakiwemo yaliyochapishwa na McGraw-Hill Professional. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kitabu chake ''Boatowner’s Mechanical and Electrical Manual''. Mwaka 1995, boti ya Nada ilipewa kibali cha kuzunguka Cuba ili kufanya uchunguzi na kutengeneza ramani kwa ajili ya mwongozo wa urambazaji wa kisiwa hicho. Familia ya Frisbie-Calder ilitumia miezi minane kuchunguza ghuba zote zinazoweza kufikiwa kwa boti kuzunguka kisiwa hicho. Kazi hiyo ilisababisha kuandikwa kwa mwongozo maarufu wa safari za boti nchini Cuba, ''Cuba, a Cruising Guide'', ulioandikwa na Nigel Calder. Familia hiyo pia ilitumia muda huko Ulaya kutokana na asili ya Kiingereza ya Nigel Calder. Frisbie-Calder alianza masomo yake ya kitaaluma kwa kujikita katika uchapaji katika Shule ya Ubunifu ya Rhode Island. Alihitimu kwa heshima na kupata shahada ya kwanza ya sanaa za ubunifu. Baadaye, alihamia New Orleans ili kusaidia kuendesha karakana ya uchapaji ya jamii ya New Orleans. Aliendelea na masomo ya uchapaji katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane kilichoko New Orleans, Louisiana, na kupata shahada ya uzamili ya sanaa za ubunifu. Baadaye, alihudumu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane katika Idara ya Sanaa ya Newcomb na Idara ya Biolojia ya Mazingira. Kabla ya kupata shahada yake ya uzamili katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane, Frisbie-Calder alikuwa tayari msanii anayetambulika. Alikuwa ameshiriki katika programu za ukaazi wa wasanii na maonyesho huko New Orleans, Rhode Island, Louisiana, Maine, Haiti na Indonesia. Pia alishiriki katika maonyesho ya binafsi, ya vikundi na yale ambayo kazi huchaguliwa na jopo la majaji. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1985]] [[Jamii:Wasanii wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wanaakiolojia]] [[Jamii:Mikrobiolojia]] 34qm61vp8s6khobtgw0tpsjbh3y4s63 0 253934 1606517 2026-10-09T11:28:11Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Aimee Adatto Freeman''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mshauri wa [[biashara]] kutoka [[Marekani]] anayehudumu kama mwanachama wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Louisiana]], akiwakilisha [[wilaya]] ya 98. Alichaguliwa mwezi Novemba 2019 na kuanza kazi tarehe [[13 Januari]] [[2020]], akichukua nafasi ya Neil Abramson. == Historia yake == Freeman alipata shahada ya kwanza ya sanaa katika [[Kiingereza]], akijikita katika masomo ya Marekani, kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Virg...' 1606517 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aimee Adatto Freeman''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] na mshauri wa [[biashara]] kutoka [[Marekani]] anayehudumu kama mwanachama wa Baraza la Wawakilishi la [[Louisiana]], akiwakilisha [[wilaya]] ya 98. Alichaguliwa mwezi Novemba 2019 na kuanza kazi tarehe [[13 Januari]] [[2020]], akichukua nafasi ya Neil Abramson. == Historia yake == Freeman alipata shahada ya kwanza ya sanaa katika [[Kiingereza]], akijikita katika masomo ya Marekani, kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha [[Virginia]]. Pia alipata shahada ya uzamili ya usimamizi wa biashara katika masoko kutoka Shule ya Biashara ya A.B. Freeman katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane. Kabla ya kuingia katika siasa, alifanya kazi kama mshauri wa biashara. Freeman aligombea nafasi katika Baraza la Wawakilishi la Louisiana katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2019. Alipata nafasi ya kwanza katika uchaguzi wa awali usiohusisha vyama mwezi Oktoba 2019 na kumshinda mwanasheria Kea Sherman katika uchaguzi wa marudio uliofanyika mwezi Novemba mwaka huo. Alianza rasmi kazi yake tarehe 13 Januari 2020. Freeman ni mwanachama wa Kamati ya Ugawaji wa Fedha, Kamati ya Elimu ya Baraza la Wawakilishi, Kamati ya Masuala ya Kustaafu ya Baraza la Wawakilishi na Kamati ya Pamoja ya Bajeti ya Bunge la Louisiana. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Wafanyabiashara wa Marekani]] ojtsnh2giq3blo3t5qk6m4zbkuluidh 0 253935 1606518 2026-10-09T11:31:20Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Sandra L. Frankel''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyewahi kuwa msimamizi wa mji wa [[Brighton]], katika Kaunti ya [[Monroe, Louisiana|Monroe]], jimbo la [[New York]]. Aliwahi kuwa mwanachama wa bodi ya shule ya Brighton kwa miaka sita na Bodi ya Elimu ya BOCES I Monroe kwa miaka kumi. Katika bodi zote mbili, aliwahi kushika nafasi ya [[makamu wa rais]]. Frankel alihudumu kwa miaka 20 kama msimamizi wa mji, nafasi ya mtendaji anayechaguliwa na wan...' 1606518 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sandra L. Frankel''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyewahi kuwa msimamizi wa mji wa [[Brighton]], katika Kaunti ya [[Monroe, Louisiana|Monroe]], jimbo la [[New York]]. Aliwahi kuwa mwanachama wa bodi ya shule ya Brighton kwa miaka sita na Bodi ya Elimu ya BOCES I Monroe kwa miaka kumi. Katika bodi zote mbili, aliwahi kushika nafasi ya [[makamu wa rais]]. Frankel alihudumu kwa miaka 20 kama msimamizi wa mji, nafasi ya mtendaji anayechaguliwa na wananchi katika eneo la pembezoni mwa jiji lenye wakazi 35,000. Mwaka 1998, Frankel alishinda uteuzi wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia kugombea nafasi ya luteni gavana wa New York katika uchaguzi wa awali wa jimbo lote. Alishiriki katika uchaguzi mkuu akiwa mgombea mwenza wa Peter Vallone, ambaye wakati huo alikuwa Spika wa Baraza la Jiji la New York, lakini walishindwa. Mary Donohue wa Chama cha Republican alishinda nafasi ya luteni gavana akiwa mgombea mwenza wa George Pataki. Mwaka 2002, Frankel alitaka tena kugombea nafasi ya luteni gavana, lakini alijiondoa ili kuimarisha umoja ndani ya chama. Alimuunga mkono Dennis Mehiel, ambaye alishiriki katika uchaguzi mkuu akiwa mgombea mwenza wa Mdhibiti wa Fedha wa Jimbo Carl McCall, lakini walishindwa. Frankel alikuwa miongoni mwa watu waliotajwa kama wagombea waliowezekana katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2010 wa wilaya ya 29 ya uchaguzi wa Bunge la Marekani katika jimbo la New York. Hata hivyo, alikataa kugombea na hivyo kumuachia Matthew Zeller nafasi ya kuendelea na kinyang'anyiro hicho. Mwaka 2011, Frankel alikuwa mgombea wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia katika uchaguzi wa mtendaji mkuu wa Kaunti ya Monroe. Alishindwa na Maggie Brooks, aliyekuwa tayari akishikilia nafasi hiyo, kwa matokeo ya asilimia 57 dhidi ya asilimia 43. Mwaka 2015, aliteuliwa tena na Chama cha Kidemokrasia kugombea nafasi ya mtendaji mkuu wa Kaunti ya Monroe. Alishindwa na Cheryl DiNolfo, karani wa kaunti, kwa matokeo ya asilimia 59 dhidi ya asilimia 41. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] t8i1d8cgw4gjtvx7a74zehqjnachgr4 1606519 1606518 2026-10-09T11:32:27Z Ladygoody 92634 1606519 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Sandra L. Frankel headshot.jpg|thumb|Msimamizi wa Mji wa Brighton, New York]] '''Sandra L. Frankel''' ni [[mwanasiasa]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyewahi kuwa msimamizi wa mji wa [[Brighton]], katika Kaunti ya [[Monroe, Louisiana|Monroe]], jimbo la [[New York]]. Aliwahi kuwa mwanachama wa bodi ya shule ya Brighton kwa miaka sita na Bodi ya Elimu ya BOCES I Monroe kwa miaka kumi. Katika bodi zote mbili, aliwahi kushika nafasi ya [[makamu wa rais]]. Frankel alihudumu kwa miaka 20 kama msimamizi wa mji, nafasi ya mtendaji anayechaguliwa na wananchi katika eneo la pembezoni mwa jiji lenye wakazi 35,000. Mwaka 1998, Frankel alishinda uteuzi wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia kugombea nafasi ya luteni gavana wa New York katika uchaguzi wa awali wa jimbo lote. Alishiriki katika uchaguzi mkuu akiwa mgombea mwenza wa Peter Vallone, ambaye wakati huo alikuwa Spika wa Baraza la Jiji la New York, lakini walishindwa. Mary Donohue wa Chama cha Republican alishinda nafasi ya luteni gavana akiwa mgombea mwenza wa George Pataki. Mwaka 2002, Frankel alitaka tena kugombea nafasi ya luteni gavana, lakini alijiondoa ili kuimarisha umoja ndani ya chama. Alimuunga mkono Dennis Mehiel, ambaye alishiriki katika uchaguzi mkuu akiwa mgombea mwenza wa Mdhibiti wa Fedha wa Jimbo Carl McCall, lakini walishindwa. Frankel alikuwa miongoni mwa watu waliotajwa kama wagombea waliowezekana katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 2010 wa wilaya ya 29 ya uchaguzi wa Bunge la Marekani katika jimbo la New York. Hata hivyo, alikataa kugombea na hivyo kumuachia Matthew Zeller nafasi ya kuendelea na kinyang'anyiro hicho. Mwaka 2011, Frankel alikuwa mgombea wa Chama cha Kidemokrasia katika uchaguzi wa mtendaji mkuu wa Kaunti ya Monroe. Alishindwa na Maggie Brooks, aliyekuwa tayari akishikilia nafasi hiyo, kwa matokeo ya asilimia 57 dhidi ya asilimia 43. Mwaka 2015, aliteuliwa tena na Chama cha Kidemokrasia kugombea nafasi ya mtendaji mkuu wa Kaunti ya Monroe. Alishindwa na Cheryl DiNolfo, karani wa kaunti, kwa matokeo ya asilimia 59 dhidi ya asilimia 41. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanasiasa]] [[Jamii:Wanasiasa wa Marekani]] igeth4u51b8w85i2poqxk44jmj4l9nl 0 253936 1606520 2026-10-09T11:38:01Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Gary Freeman''' ([[1937]]–[[2014]]) alikuwa [[mchongaji]] wa [[sanamu]] kutoka [[Indianapolis, Indiana]], [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa [[profesa]] mstaafu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Indiana–Purdue cha Indianapolis (IUPUI) na alihudumu kama mkuu wa Idara ya Uchongaji Sanamu katika Shule ya Sanaa ya Herron kwa miaka 33, kuanzia mwaka 1968 hadi alipostaafu mwaka 2001. Freeman alizaliwa [[Wellington]], [[Kansas]]. Alipata shahada ya kwanza ya sanaa za ubunifu mwak...' 1606520 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gary Freeman''' ([[1937]]–[[2014]]) alikuwa [[mchongaji]] wa [[sanamu]] kutoka [[Indianapolis, Indiana]], [[Marekani]]. Alikuwa [[profesa]] mstaafu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Indiana–Purdue cha Indianapolis (IUPUI) na alihudumu kama mkuu wa Idara ya Uchongaji Sanamu katika Shule ya Sanaa ya Herron kwa miaka 33, kuanzia mwaka 1968 hadi alipostaafu mwaka 2001. Freeman alizaliwa [[Wellington]], [[Kansas]]. Alipata shahada ya kwanza ya sanaa za ubunifu mwaka 1961 kutoka [[Taasisi]] ya [[Sanaa]] ya Kansas City. Mwaka 1963, alipata shahada ya uzamili ya sanaa za ubunifu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane. Kati ya mwaka 1975 na 1990, Freeman alipokea tume saba za kuunda kazi za sanaa kutoka taasisi za umma na binafsi. Taasisi hizo zilijumuisha kampuni za Indianapolis kama Indiana Energy Inc., Indianapolis Heliport Corporation, Kituo cha Sanaa cha Indianapolis na Borns Management Company. Pia alipokea ruzuku saba, ikiwemo moja ya kusomea mbinu za uzalishaji wa chuma cha pua nchini Mexico na katika maeneo mbalimbali ya Ulaya. Kazi zake zimo katika mikusanyiko 23 ya sanaa ya umma na binafsi, ikiwemo Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya Indianapolis, Makumbusho ya Sanaa ya New Orleans, Taasisi ya Sanaa ya Kalamazoo na Shule ya Sanaa ya Newcomb katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane. Kwa zaidi ya miongo mitatu, Freeman alijulikana kwa kutengeneza kazi nyingi za sanaa katika eneo la Midwest na maeneo mengine. Mwandishi wa habari Marcus B. Chandler wa gazeti la ''Indianapolis Star'' alisema kuwa Freeman alikuwa miongoni mwa wasanii waliokuwa karibu zaidi kufikia kutambulika kitaifa katika sanaa za kisasa za ubunifu miongoni mwa wasanii walioishi Indianapolis. == Kazi == Kuanzia mwaka 1966 hadi 1968, Freeman alikuwa mkuu wa programu ya uchongaji sanamu katika Kituo cha Sanaa cha Kalamazoo, kilichoko Kalamazoo, Michigan. Mwaka 1968, aliajiriwa kuwa profesa na mkuu wa Idara ya Uchongaji Sanamu katika Shule ya Sanaa ya Herron ya Chuo Kikuu cha Indiana–Purdue cha Indianapolis kutokana na utaalamu wake katika kuyeyusha na kumimina metali ili kutengeneza sanamu. Mbali na kuongoza idara hiyo, Freeman alipewa jukumu la kuanzisha karakana ya kuyeyushia na kumiminia shaba kwa ajili ya wanafunzi. Alitarajia kuwa karakana hiyo ingewapa wanafunzi uzoefu wa vitendo katika uchongaji wa sanamu za metali na kuwawezesha kujaribu mbinu na vifaa mbalimbali ambavyo huenda wasingeweza kuvipata vinginevyo. Dira yake ilikuwa kuwawezesha wanafunzi kutumia mfumo wa kumimina metali ili kudhibiti utengenezaji wa sanamu za metali katika hatua zote za mchakato. Freeman aliamini kuwa mafanikio ya mchongaji wa sanamu za shaba yanaweza kutegemea upatikanaji wa vifaa na maeneo maalumu ya kufanyia kazi hiyo. Katika mahojiano na gazeti la ''Indianapolis Star'', Freeman alisema kuwa alijifunza kwamba mfumo wa kumimina metali humwezesha mchongaji kudhibiti zaidi utengenezaji wa sanamu, kuanzia hatua ya kuunda mfano hadi hatua ya mwisho ya kumalizia kazi. Alieleza kuwa kama msanii, hakuweza kupata mtu mwingine wa kutengeneza kazi zake kwa namna aliyotaka, hivyo alihitaji kuwa na udhibiti wa mchakato mzima wa uzalishaji. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 2014]] [[Jamii:Wachongaji wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Sanaa]] 4df78p9d3qihdb4ctt7zzkwp57ujr13 0 253937 1606521 2026-10-09T11:42:06Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Paul A. Friedrichs''' ni [[meja]] [[jenerali]] mstaafu wa [[Jeshi]] la [[Anga]] la [[Marekani]] ambaye alihudumu mwisho kama [[daktari]] mkuu wa Kamati ya Pamoja ya Wakuu wa Majeshi. Hapo awali, alihudumu kama daktari mkuu wa Kamandi ya Mapigano ya Anga ya Jeshi la Anga la Marekani. Friedrichs alistaafu utumishi wa kijeshi mnamo Juni 2023. Baadaye, alihudumu kama mkurugenzi mkuu wa masuala ya usalama wa afya duniani na ulinzi dhidi ya vitisho vya kibay...' 1606521 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Paul A. Friedrichs''' ni [[meja]] [[jenerali]] mstaafu wa [[Jeshi]] la [[Anga]] la [[Marekani]] ambaye alihudumu mwisho kama [[daktari]] mkuu wa Kamati ya Pamoja ya Wakuu wa Majeshi. Hapo awali, alihudumu kama daktari mkuu wa Kamandi ya Mapigano ya Anga ya Jeshi la Anga la Marekani. Friedrichs alistaafu utumishi wa kijeshi mnamo Juni 2023. Baadaye, alihudumu kama mkurugenzi mkuu wa masuala ya usalama wa afya duniani na ulinzi dhidi ya vitisho vya kibayolojia katika Baraza la Usalama wa [[Taifa]] la Marekani. Alipangwa kuteuliwa kuwa mkuu wa kwanza wa [[taasisi]] mpya ya serikali iliyoitwa Ofisi ya Sera ya Maandalizi na Mwitikio wa Mlipuko wa Magonjwa, kuanzia tarehe [[7 Agosti]] 2023. == Majukumu ya kazi == # Juni 1990 – Juni 1991, daktari mwanafunzi katika mafunzo ya upasuaji, Kituo cha Matibabu cha Wilford Hall, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Lackland, Texas. # Julai 1991 – Juni 1992, daktari wa jumla, Kituo cha Matibabu cha Wilford Hall, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Lackland, Texas. # Juni 1992 – Juni 1997, daktari mkazi wa upasuaji wa mfumo wa mkojo, Kituo cha Matibabu cha Wilford Hall, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Lackland, Texas. # Julai 1997 – Oktoba 1997, naibu mkuu wa kitengo cha mfumo wa mkojo, Kundi la 89 la Matibabu, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Andrews, Maryland. # Novemba 1997 – Septemba 1999, mkuu wa kitengo cha mfumo wa mkojo, Kundi la 89 la Matibabu, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Andrews, Maryland. # Oktoba 1999 – Septemba 2000, mkuu wa usimamizi wa afya ya watu, Kundi la 89 la Matibabu, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Andrews, Maryland. # Oktoba 2000 – Julai 2001, mchambuzi katika Kitengo cha Mafao ya Afya na Sera, Ofisi ya Daktari Mkuu wa Jeshi la Anga, Makao Makuu ya Jeshi la Anga, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Bolling, Washington, D.C. # Agosti 2001 – Juni 2002, mkuu wa Tawi la Operesheni, Ofisi ya Daktari Mkuu wa Jeshi la Anga, Makao Makuu ya Jeshi la Anga, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Bolling, Washington, D.C. # Julai 2002 – Mei 2003, mkuu wa Kitengo cha Uboreshaji na Ujumuishaji, Wakala wa Operesheni za Matibabu wa Jeshi la Anga, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Bolling, Washington, D.C. # Mei 2003 – Mei 2005, kamanda wa Kikosi cha 56 cha Operesheni za Matibabu, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Luke, Arizona. Kuanzia Septemba 2004 hadi Januari 2005, alikuwa kamanda wa Kikosi cha 332 cha Operesheni za Matibabu ya Anga katika Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Balad, Iraq. # Juni 2005 – Aprili 2006, mkuu wa matawi ya huduma za matibabu ya anga na huduma za kitabibu, Makao Makuu ya Kamandi ya Anga za Juu ya Jeshi la Anga, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Peterson, Colorado. # Mei 2006 – Julai 2007, mkuu wa Kitengo cha Operesheni za Matibabu, Makao Makuu ya Kamandi ya Anga za Juu ya Jeshi la Anga, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Peterson, Colorado. # Agosti 2007 – Juni 2008, mwanafunzi katika Chuo cha Kitaifa cha Vita, Fort McNair, Washington, D.C. # Agosti 2008 – Julai 2010, kamanda wa Kundi la 3 la Matibabu, Mrengo wa 3, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Elmendorf, Alaska. # Julai 2010 – Julai 2011, kamanda wa Kundi la 673 la Matibabu, Mrengo wa 673 wa Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga, Kambi ya Pamoja ya Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska. # Julai 2011 – Julai 2014, daktari mkuu wa Kamandi ya Vikosi vya Anga vya Pasifiki vya Marekani, Kambi ya Pamoja ya Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii. # Julai 2014 – Juni 2016, naibu kamanda wa Wakala wa Operesheni za Matibabu wa Jeshi la Anga, Kambi ya Pamoja ya San Antonio, Lackland, Texas. # Januari 2015 – Juni 2015, mwenyekiti wa Kikosi Kazi cha Pamoja kuhusu Mashirika yenye Uaminifu wa Juu, Ofisi ya Naibu Waziri wa Ulinzi anayeshughulikia Masuala ya Afya, Washington, D.C. # Juni 2016 – Julai 2018, daktari mkuu wa Kamandi ya Usafirishaji ya Marekani, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Scott, Illinois. # Julai 2018 – Julai 2019, daktari mkuu wa Kamandi ya Mapigano ya Anga, Kambi ya Pamoja ya Langley-Eustis, Virginia. # Julai 2019 – wakati wa taarifa ya chanzo, daktari mkuu wa Kamati ya Pamoja ya Wakuu wa Majeshi, Pentagon, Arlington, Virginia. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanajeshi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Jeshi]] fwzm3t7pos80pcouvk5dpvmhh4yby8i 1606522 1606521 2026-10-09T11:43:07Z Ladygoody 92634 1606522 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:Maj Gen Paul A. Friedrichs.jpg|thumb|Kazi ya kijeshi]] '''Paul A. Friedrichs''' ni [[meja]] [[jenerali]] mstaafu wa [[Jeshi]] la [[Anga]] la [[Marekani]] ambaye alihudumu mwisho kama [[daktari]] mkuu wa Kamati ya Pamoja ya Wakuu wa Majeshi. Hapo awali, alihudumu kama daktari mkuu wa Kamandi ya Mapigano ya Anga ya Jeshi la Anga la Marekani. Friedrichs alistaafu utumishi wa kijeshi mnamo Juni 2023. Baadaye, alihudumu kama mkurugenzi mkuu wa masuala ya usalama wa afya duniani na ulinzi dhidi ya vitisho vya kibayolojia katika Baraza la Usalama wa [[Taifa]] la Marekani. Alipangwa kuteuliwa kuwa mkuu wa kwanza wa [[taasisi]] mpya ya serikali iliyoitwa Ofisi ya Sera ya Maandalizi na Mwitikio wa Mlipuko wa Magonjwa, kuanzia tarehe [[7 Agosti]] 2023. == Majukumu ya kazi == # Juni 1990 – Juni 1991, daktari mwanafunzi katika mafunzo ya upasuaji, Kituo cha Matibabu cha Wilford Hall, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Lackland, Texas. # Julai 1991 – Juni 1992, daktari wa jumla, Kituo cha Matibabu cha Wilford Hall, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Lackland, Texas. # Juni 1992 – Juni 1997, daktari mkazi wa upasuaji wa mfumo wa mkojo, Kituo cha Matibabu cha Wilford Hall, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Lackland, Texas. # Julai 1997 – Oktoba 1997, naibu mkuu wa kitengo cha mfumo wa mkojo, Kundi la 89 la Matibabu, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Andrews, Maryland. # Novemba 1997 – Septemba 1999, mkuu wa kitengo cha mfumo wa mkojo, Kundi la 89 la Matibabu, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Andrews, Maryland. # Oktoba 1999 – Septemba 2000, mkuu wa usimamizi wa afya ya watu, Kundi la 89 la Matibabu, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Andrews, Maryland. # Oktoba 2000 – Julai 2001, mchambuzi katika Kitengo cha Mafao ya Afya na Sera, Ofisi ya Daktari Mkuu wa Jeshi la Anga, Makao Makuu ya Jeshi la Anga, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Bolling, Washington, D.C. # Agosti 2001 – Juni 2002, mkuu wa Tawi la Operesheni, Ofisi ya Daktari Mkuu wa Jeshi la Anga, Makao Makuu ya Jeshi la Anga, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Bolling, Washington, D.C. # Julai 2002 – Mei 2003, mkuu wa Kitengo cha Uboreshaji na Ujumuishaji, Wakala wa Operesheni za Matibabu wa Jeshi la Anga, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Bolling, Washington, D.C. # Mei 2003 – Mei 2005, kamanda wa Kikosi cha 56 cha Operesheni za Matibabu, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Luke, Arizona. Kuanzia Septemba 2004 hadi Januari 2005, alikuwa kamanda wa Kikosi cha 332 cha Operesheni za Matibabu ya Anga katika Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Balad, Iraq. # Juni 2005 – Aprili 2006, mkuu wa matawi ya huduma za matibabu ya anga na huduma za kitabibu, Makao Makuu ya Kamandi ya Anga za Juu ya Jeshi la Anga, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Peterson, Colorado. # Mei 2006 – Julai 2007, mkuu wa Kitengo cha Operesheni za Matibabu, Makao Makuu ya Kamandi ya Anga za Juu ya Jeshi la Anga, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Peterson, Colorado. # Agosti 2007 – Juni 2008, mwanafunzi katika Chuo cha Kitaifa cha Vita, Fort McNair, Washington, D.C. # Agosti 2008 – Julai 2010, kamanda wa Kundi la 3 la Matibabu, Mrengo wa 3, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Elmendorf, Alaska. # Julai 2010 – Julai 2011, kamanda wa Kundi la 673 la Matibabu, Mrengo wa 673 wa Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga, Kambi ya Pamoja ya Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska. # Julai 2011 – Julai 2014, daktari mkuu wa Kamandi ya Vikosi vya Anga vya Pasifiki vya Marekani, Kambi ya Pamoja ya Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii. # Julai 2014 – Juni 2016, naibu kamanda wa Wakala wa Operesheni za Matibabu wa Jeshi la Anga, Kambi ya Pamoja ya San Antonio, Lackland, Texas. # Januari 2015 – Juni 2015, mwenyekiti wa Kikosi Kazi cha Pamoja kuhusu Mashirika yenye Uaminifu wa Juu, Ofisi ya Naibu Waziri wa Ulinzi anayeshughulikia Masuala ya Afya, Washington, D.C. # Juni 2016 – Julai 2018, daktari mkuu wa Kamandi ya Usafirishaji ya Marekani, Kambi ya Jeshi la Anga ya Scott, Illinois. # Julai 2018 – Julai 2019, daktari mkuu wa Kamandi ya Mapigano ya Anga, Kambi ya Pamoja ya Langley-Eustis, Virginia. # Julai 2019 – wakati wa taarifa ya chanzo, daktari mkuu wa Kamati ya Pamoja ya Wakuu wa Majeshi, Pentagon, Arlington, Virginia. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wanajeshi wa Marekani]] [[Jamii:Jeshi]] 40h36n9jeu4g2v84ror31gq7kmjfg8z 0 253938 1606523 2026-10-09T11:47:06Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Fernando de Fuentes Carrau''' ([[13 Desemba]] [[1894]] – [[4 Julai]] [[1958]]) alikuwa [[mkurugenzi]] wa [[filamu]] kutoka [[Meksiko]], anayetambuliwa kama mmoja wa waanzilishi wa tasnia ya filamu duniani. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuongoza filamu za ''El prisionero trece'', ''El compadre Mendoza'' na ''Vámonos con Pancho Villa'', ambazo zote ni sehemu ya trilojia yake ya Mapinduzi kuhusu Mapinduzi ya Meksiko. == Wasifu == === Maisha ya awali na elimu...' 1606523 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fernando de Fuentes Carrau''' ([[13 Desemba]] [[1894]] – [[4 Julai]] [[1958]]) alikuwa [[mkurugenzi]] wa [[filamu]] kutoka [[Meksiko]], anayetambuliwa kama mmoja wa waanzilishi wa tasnia ya filamu duniani. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuongoza filamu za ''El prisionero trece'', ''El compadre Mendoza'' na ''Vámonos con Pancho Villa'', ambazo zote ni sehemu ya trilojia yake ya Mapinduzi kuhusu Mapinduzi ya Meksiko. == Wasifu == === Maisha ya awali na elimu === De Fuentes Carrau alizaliwa katika jiji la [[Veracruz (jimbo)|Veracruz]] tarehe 13 Desemba 1894 na alitumia sehemu ya kipindi cha ujana wake huko Monterrey. Alisomea falsafa na uhandisi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane kilichopo [[New Orleans]]. === Kazi === Aliporejea Meksiko, alifanya kazi kama msaidizi mtendaji wa Venustiano Carranza wakati wa Mapinduzi ya Meksiko. Baada ya kufunga ndoa mwaka 1919, alihamia Washington, D.C., na kufanya kazi katika Ubalozi wa Meksiko. Aliporejea Meksiko, aliandika mashairi na kujihusisha na uandishi wa habari kama shughuli ya ziada. Pia alifanya kazi katika tasnia ya filamu, hasa katika usambazaji na uonyeshaji wa filamu. Mwaka 1932, alitengeneza filamu yake ya kwanza, ''El Anónimo'', na mwaka huohuo akatengeneza ''Una Vida por Otra''. Mwaka 1933, alitengeneza filamu za ''El prisionero trece'', ''La calandria'', ''El Tigre de Yautepec'' na ''El compadre Mendoza''. Filamu ya ''El compadre Mendoza'' inachukuliwa kuwa mojawapo ya kazi zake bora na ni sehemu ya trilojia ya Mapinduzi ya Meksiko, pamoja na ''Vámonos con Pancho Villa'' na ''El prisionero trece''. Mwaka 1934, aliongoza filamu za ''El Fantasma del Convento'' na ''Cruz Diablo''. Mwaka 1935, alitengeneza ''Vámonos con Pancho Villa'' na ''La Familia Dressel''. Mwaka 1936, aliongoza ''Las Mujeres Mandan'' pamoja na filamu ''Allá en el Rancho Grande'', ambayo ikawa mojawapo ya filamu zilizofanikiwa zaidi katika historia ya sinema ya Meksiko. Filamu ya ''Allá en el Rancho Grande'' ilisaidia kuanzisha aina mpya ya filamu za vichekesho zinazohusiana na maisha ya mashambani, zinazojulikana kama comedia ranchera. Kwa kazi hiyo, alitunukiwa Medalla al Mérito Cinematográfico na Rais Lázaro Cárdenas. Mwaka 1938, filamu hiyo ilishinda nafasi ya kwanza katika Tamasha la Filamu la Venice. Ilikuwa filamu ya kwanza ya Meksiko kupata tuzo ya kimataifa. Gazeti la ''The New York Times'' lilimwelezea kama “John Ford wa Meksiko”. De Fuentes alitambuliwa kuwa mmoja wa watengenezaji filamu wenye vipaji vikubwa zaidi katika kipindi cha mwanzo cha sinema za Meksiko zilizotumia sauti. Trilojia yake ya kusikitisha iliyowekwa katika kipindi cha Mapinduzi ya Meksiko huenda ndiyo ilikuwa mafanikio yake makubwa zaidi. ''El prisionero trece'' ya mwaka 1933, yenye muda wa dakika 76, inasimulia kuhusu mtoto anayeteseka kutokana na makosa ya baba yake na mama anayejitahidi kwa kila njia kuokoa maisha ya mwanawe. ''El compadre Mendoza'' ya mwaka 1933, yenye muda wa dakika 85, inachunguza jinsi malengo ya Mapinduzi yalivyoharibiwa kupitia hadithi ya mwenye ardhi anayejali maslahi yake binafsi. Mhusika huyo analazimika kuchagua kati ya kuendelea kuwa mwaminifu kwa jenerali wa jeshi la Zapata na kukabiliwa na hasara ya kifedha, au kujiokoa mwenyewe. Filamu ya mwisho katika trilojia hiyo, ''Vámonos con Pancho Villa'' ya mwaka 1936, yenye muda wa dakika 92, inasimulia matukio ya vijana sita wanaoacha makazi yao ya vijijini na kujiunga na jeshi la Pancho Villa. Katika safari yao, wanakabiliwa na ugumu wa maisha, vifo na kupoteza matumaini kuhusu Mapinduzi. Filamu hiyo ilipigwa picha na Gabriel Figueroa, ambaye alitambuliwa kama mmoja wa wapiga picha wa filamu nyeusi na nyeupe wenye vipaji vikubwa duniani. [[Filamu]] zake zilihusisha takribani aina zote kuu za filamu, zikiwemo drama, vichekesho, filamu za kutisha, filamu za familia, filamu za kihistoria, filamu za zamani zilizotambuliwa kama kazi bora, na filamu za hali halisi. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1958]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji Filamu]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Meksiko]] osvzi9zimzavkqvac5dwiztyx3onm49 1606524 1606523 2026-10-09T11:49:16Z Ladygoody 92634 1606524 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Fernando de Fuentes Carrau''' ([[13 Desemba]] [[1894]] – [[4 Julai]] [[1958]]) alikuwa [[mkurugenzi]] wa [[filamu]] kutoka [[Meksiko]], anayetambuliwa kama mmoja wa waanzilishi wa tasnia ya filamu duniani. Anajulikana zaidi kwa kuongoza filamu za ''El prisionero trece'', ''El compadre Mendoza'' na ''Vámonos con Pancho Villa'', ambazo zote ni sehemu ya trilojia yake ya Mapinduzi kuhusu Mapinduzi ya Meksiko. == Wasifu == === Maisha ya awali na elimu === De Fuentes Carrau alizaliwa katika jiji la [[Veracruz (jimbo)|Veracruz]] tarehe 13 Desemba 1894 na alitumia sehemu ya kipindi cha ujana wake huko Monterrey. Alisomea falsafa na uhandisi katika Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane kilichopo [[New Orleans]]. === Kazi === Aliporejea Meksiko, alifanya kazi kama msaidizi mtendaji wa Venustiano Carranza wakati wa Mapinduzi ya Meksiko. Baada ya kufunga ndoa mwaka 1919, alihamia Washington, D.C., na kufanya kazi katika Ubalozi wa Meksiko. Aliporejea Meksiko, aliandika mashairi na kujihusisha na uandishi wa habari kama shughuli ya ziada. Pia alifanya kazi katika tasnia ya filamu, hasa katika usambazaji na uonyeshaji wa filamu. Mwaka 1932, alitengeneza filamu yake ya kwanza, ''El Anónimo'', na mwaka huohuo akatengeneza ''Una Vida por Otra''. Mwaka 1933, alitengeneza filamu za ''El prisionero trece'', ''La calandria'', ''El Tigre de Yautepec'' na ''El compadre Mendoza''. Filamu ya ''El compadre Mendoza'' inachukuliwa kuwa mojawapo ya kazi zake bora na ni sehemu ya trilojia ya Mapinduzi ya Meksiko, pamoja na ''Vámonos con Pancho Villa'' na ''El prisionero trece''. Mwaka 1934, aliongoza filamu za ''El Fantasma del Convento'' na ''Cruz Diablo''. Mwaka 1935, alitengeneza ''Vámonos con Pancho Villa'' na ''La Familia Dressel''. Mwaka 1936, aliongoza ''Las Mujeres Mandan'' pamoja na filamu ''Allá en el Rancho Grande'', ambayo ikawa mojawapo ya filamu zilizofanikiwa zaidi katika historia ya sinema ya Meksiko. Filamu ya ''Allá en el Rancho Grande'' ilisaidia kuanzisha aina mpya ya filamu za vichekesho zinazohusiana na maisha ya mashambani, zinazojulikana kama comedia ranchera. Kwa kazi hiyo, alitunukiwa Medalla al Mérito Cinematográfico na Rais Lázaro Cárdenas. Mwaka 1938, filamu hiyo ilishinda nafasi ya kwanza katika Tamasha la Filamu la Venice. Ilikuwa filamu ya kwanza ya Meksiko kupata tuzo ya kimataifa. Gazeti la ''The New York Times'' lilimwelezea kama “John Ford wa Meksiko”. De Fuentes alitambuliwa kuwa mmoja wa watengenezaji filamu wenye vipaji vikubwa zaidi katika kipindi cha mwanzo cha sinema za Meksiko zilizotumia sauti. Trilojia yake ya kusikitisha iliyowekwa katika kipindi cha Mapinduzi ya Meksiko huenda ndiyo ilikuwa mafanikio yake makubwa zaidi. ''El prisionero trece'' ya mwaka 1933, yenye muda wa dakika 76, inasimulia kuhusu mtoto anayeteseka kutokana na makosa ya baba yake na mama anayejitahidi kwa kila njia kuokoa maisha ya mwanawe. ''El compadre Mendoza'' ya mwaka 1933, yenye muda wa dakika 85, inachunguza jinsi malengo ya Mapinduzi yalivyoharibiwa kupitia hadithi ya mwenye ardhi anayejali maslahi yake binafsi. Mhusika huyo analazimika kuchagua kati ya kuendelea kuwa mwaminifu kwa jenerali wa jeshi la Zapata na kukabiliwa na hasara ya kifedha, au kujiokoa mwenyewe. Filamu ya mwisho katika trilojia hiyo, ''Vámonos con Pancho Villa'' ya mwaka 1936, yenye muda wa dakika 92, inasimulia matukio ya vijana sita wanaoacha makazi yao ya vijijini na kujiunga na jeshi la Pancho Villa. Katika safari yao, wanakabiliwa na ugumu wa maisha, vifo na kupoteza matumaini kuhusu Mapinduzi. Filamu hiyo ilipigwa picha na Gabriel Figueroa, ambaye alitambuliwa kama mmoja wa wapiga picha wa filamu nyeusi na nyeupe wenye vipaji vikubwa duniani. [[Filamu]] zake zilihusisha takribani aina zote kuu za filamu, zikiwemo drama, vichekesho, filamu za kutisha, filamu za familia, filamu za kihistoria, filamu za zamani zilizotambuliwa kama kazi bora, na filamu za hali halisi. === Ndoa na watoto === De Fuentes alifunga ndoa na Magdalena Reyes Moran mwaka 1919 katika jiji la San Antonio, Texas, Marekani. Walipata watoto wawili, Magdalena na Fernando. === Kifo === Fernando de Fuentes alifariki tarehe 4 Julai 1958 katika Jiji la Meksiko akiwa na umri wa miaka 63. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-filamu}} [[Jamii:Waliofariki 1958]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji Filamu]] [[Jamii:Waigizaji filamu wa Meksiko]] p2yk429bqu80dv37fh5frsgbuyd12yr 0 253939 1606527 2026-10-09T11:53:10Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Meagan Elise Fuller''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[25 Septemba]] [[1992]]) ni [[mwanamke]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyeshinda mataji ya mashindano ya [[urembo]]. Anatoka [[Attleboro, Massachusetts]]. Alitangazwa kuwa Junior Miss wa Massachusetts mwaka 2010 na kutawazwa Miss Massachusetts mwaka 2015. Alishiriki mashindano ya Miss [[Amerika|America]] 2016 mwezi Septemba 2015. == Kazi katika mashindano ya urembo == === Mashindano ya awali === Fuller alianza kushiriki m...' 1606527 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Meagan Elise Fuller''' (alizaliwa tarehe [[25 Septemba]] [[1992]]) ni [[mwanamke]] wa [[Marekani]] aliyeshinda mataji ya mashindano ya [[urembo]]. Anatoka [[Attleboro, Massachusetts]]. Alitangazwa kuwa Junior Miss wa Massachusetts mwaka 2010 na kutawazwa Miss Massachusetts mwaka 2015. Alishiriki mashindano ya Miss [[Amerika|America]] 2016 mwezi Septemba 2015. == Kazi katika mashindano ya urembo == === Mashindano ya awali === Fuller alianza kushiriki mashindano ya urembo akiwa na umri wa miaka 10. Alipokuwa kijana, alichaguliwa kuwa Junior Miss wa Massachusetts mwaka 2010 na kupata zawadi za ufadhili wa masomo zenye thamani ya [[dola]] 3,600. Aliposhiriki mashindano ya kitaifa, alifika katika orodha ya washiriki 10 bora wa programu ya Distinguished Young Women of America ya mwaka 2010, iliyofanyika katika Kituo cha Wananchi cha Mobile, jijini Mobile, Alabama. Tarehe 10 Machi 2013, Fuller alishinda taji la Miss Plymouth County 2013. Akiwa mmoja wa washiriki 21 waliofuzu, alishiriki mashindano ya Miss Massachusetts mwaka 2013. Kaulimbiu yake ilikuwa “Kukabiliana na Kuacha Shule: Kukuza Mafanikio ya Vijana Shuleni” na katika sehemu ya vipaji alicheza dansi ya jazz. Alimaliza katika nafasi ya pili baada ya mshindi Amanda Narciso na kupata zawadi za ufadhili wa masomo zenye thamani ya dola 1,400. Kwa kuwa alikuwa mshindi wa pili, Fuller aliwakilisha Massachusetts katika mashindano ya National Sweetheart ya mwaka 2013 yaliyofanyika Hoopeston, Illinois. Alimaliza katika nafasi ya pili katika mashindano hayo ya kitaifa. Tarehe 16 Februari 2014, Fuller alishinda taji la Miss Boston 2014. Pia alishinda tuzo za kipaji bora na upigaji picha. Alishiriki mashindano ya Miss Massachusetts ya mwaka 2014, akitumia kaulimbiu ileile ya kuhamasisha vijana kufanikiwa shuleni na kuonyesha kipaji chake cha kucheza dansi. Alimaliza katika nafasi ya nne baada ya mshindi Lauren Kuhn na kupata ufadhili wa masomo wenye thamani ya dola 1,800. === Miss Massachusetts 2015 === Mwezi Machi 2015, Fuller alitawazwa kuwa Miss Collegiate Area 2015, jambo lililomwezesha kufuzu kushiriki mashindano ya jimbo kwa mara ya tatu. Mwishoni mwa Juni 2015, alishiriki mashindano ya Miss Massachusetts yaliyofanyika katika Ukumbi wa Hanover wa Sanaa za Maonyesho jijini Worcester. Alikuwa mmoja wa washiriki 23 waliofuzu kuwania taji hilo. Kipaji chake katika mashindano hayo kilikuwa kucheza dansi ya jazz kwa kutumia wimbo ''Feeling Good'', ulioimbwa na Jennifer Hudson. Kaulimbiu yake ilikuwa “Kwa Manufaa ya Wote: Kukuza Huduma za Afya za Kuzuia Magonjwa”. Fuller alishinda mashindano hayo Jumapili, tarehe 28 Juni 2015, na kupokea taji kutoka kwa Lauren Kuhn, aliyekuwa akimaliza muda wake kama Miss Massachusetts. Alipata zaidi ya dola 11,250 katika fedha za ufadhili wa masomo na zawadi nyingine kutoka katika mashindano hayo ya jimbo. Akiwa Miss Massachusetts, shughuli zake zilijumuisha kuhudhuria na kushiriki katika matukio mbalimbali ya umma katika jimbo lote la Massachusetts. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Waliozaliwa 1992]] [[Jamii:Marekani]] 6swtimay85xgz91mld6gogof7w6htzm 0 253940 1606529 2026-10-09T11:57:57Z Ladygoody 92634 Ukurasa ulianzishwa kwa kuandika ''''Kimberly Furnish''' ni [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa [[Marekani]] ambaye amekuwa akihudumu kama Naibu Mkuu wa Ujumbe wa Kidiplomasia nchini [[Bahama|Bahamas]] tangu Juni [[2024]]. Kabla ya kufanya kazi nchini Bahamas, alihudumu katika balozi na konseli mbalimbali za Marekani, ambako alipewa jukumu la kuwalinda raia wa Marekani, wakiwemo wale waliohudhuria [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Baridi ya mwaka 2018. == Maisha ya awali == Kimberly Furnish alihiti...' 1606529 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kimberly Furnish''' ni [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa [[Marekani]] ambaye amekuwa akihudumu kama Naibu Mkuu wa Ujumbe wa Kidiplomasia nchini [[Bahama|Bahamas]] tangu Juni [[2024]]. Kabla ya kufanya kazi nchini Bahamas, alihudumu katika balozi na konseli mbalimbali za Marekani, ambako alipewa jukumu la kuwalinda raia wa Marekani, wakiwemo wale waliohudhuria [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Baridi ya mwaka 2018. == Maisha ya awali == Kimberly Furnish alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane akiwa na shahada ya kwanza. == Kazi == Furnish aliwahi kuwa [[Mkurugenzi]] wa Huduma kwa Raia wa Marekani na Usimamizi wa Migogoro katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Marekani. Katika nafasi hiyo, alikuwa na jukumu la kuwalinda raia wa Marekani waliokuwa nje ya nchi. Katika Konseli ya Marekani iliyopo [[Karachi]], [[Pakistani|Pakistan]], alihudumu kama ataşe wa Kimataifa wa Kupambana na Dawa za Kulevya na Utekelezaji wa [[Sheria]]. Nchini [[Korea Kusini|Korea Kusini,]] Furnish alikuwa Mkuu wa Huduma kwa Raia wa Marekani katika Ubalozi wa Marekani. Pia alifanya kazi katika balozi za Marekani zilizopo Melbourne, Seoul, Bogotá na Curaçao. Aidha, amefanya kazi katika Ofisi ya Masuala ya Kibalozi na Ofisi ya Masuala ya [[Afrika]]. Mwaka 2018, Furnish aliongoza timu iliyokuwa na jukumu la kutoa huduma kwa raia wa Marekani waliotembelea Korea Kusini kwa ajili ya Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Baridi ya mwaka huo. Pia alikuwa afisa aliyeratibu shughuli za Makamu wa Rais Mike Pence wakati wa michezo hiyo. Furnish alianza kuhudumu kama kaimu mkuu wa ujumbe wa kidiplomasia wa Marekani nchini Bahamas mwezi Juni 2024. Wakati wa utumishi wake, Ubalozi wa Marekani nchini Bahamas ulihamishwa kutoka Queen Street kwenda katika jengo jipya la ubalozi. Amekosoa ushirikiano wa kimataifa wa Cuba katika utoaji wa huduma za matibabu na kuushutumu kwa kuwa na matatizo yanayohusiana na haki za binadamu. Rais Donald Trump alimteua Herschel Walker kuwa mgombea wa nafasi ya balozi wa Marekani nchini Bahamas. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Marekani]] 12mk7ir9y6pvdc8wb5knobi0el5kqn6 1606530 1606529 2026-10-09T11:58:49Z Ladygoody 92634 1606530 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faili:United States Chargé d'affaires to The Bahamas Kimberly Furnish.jpg|thumb|Official portrait, 2024]] '''Kimberly Furnish''' ni [[mwanadiplomasia]] wa [[Marekani]] ambaye amekuwa akihudumu kama Naibu Mkuu wa Ujumbe wa Kidiplomasia nchini [[Bahama|Bahamas]] tangu Juni [[2024]]. Kabla ya kufanya kazi nchini Bahamas, alihudumu katika balozi na konseli mbalimbali za Marekani, ambako alipewa jukumu la kuwalinda raia wa Marekani, wakiwemo wale waliohudhuria [[Michezo ya Olimpiki]] ya Majira ya Baridi ya mwaka 2018. == Maisha ya awali == Kimberly Furnish alihitimu kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Tulane akiwa na shahada ya kwanza. == Kazi == Furnish aliwahi kuwa [[Mkurugenzi]] wa Huduma kwa Raia wa Marekani na Usimamizi wa Migogoro katika Wizara ya Mambo ya Nje ya Marekani. Katika nafasi hiyo, alikuwa na jukumu la kuwalinda raia wa Marekani waliokuwa nje ya nchi. Katika Konseli ya Marekani iliyopo [[Karachi]], [[Pakistani|Pakistan]], alihudumu kama ataşe wa Kimataifa wa Kupambana na Dawa za Kulevya na Utekelezaji wa [[Sheria]]. Nchini [[Korea Kusini|Korea Kusini,]] Furnish alikuwa Mkuu wa Huduma kwa Raia wa Marekani katika Ubalozi wa Marekani. Pia alifanya kazi katika balozi za Marekani zilizopo Melbourne, Seoul, Bogotá na Curaçao. Aidha, amefanya kazi katika Ofisi ya Masuala ya Kibalozi na Ofisi ya Masuala ya [[Afrika]]. Mwaka 2018, Furnish aliongoza timu iliyokuwa na jukumu la kutoa huduma kwa raia wa Marekani waliotembelea Korea Kusini kwa ajili ya Michezo ya Olimpiki ya Majira ya Baridi ya mwaka huo. Pia alikuwa afisa aliyeratibu shughuli za Makamu wa Rais Mike Pence wakati wa michezo hiyo. Furnish alianza kuhudumu kama kaimu mkuu wa ujumbe wa kidiplomasia wa Marekani nchini Bahamas mwezi Juni 2024. Wakati wa utumishi wake, Ubalozi wa Marekani nchini Bahamas ulihamishwa kutoka Queen Street kwenda katika jengo jipya la ubalozi. Amekosoa ushirikiano wa kimataifa wa Cuba katika utoaji wa huduma za matibabu na kuushutumu kwa kuwa na matatizo yanayohusiana na haki za binadamu. Rais Donald Trump alimteua Herschel Walker kuwa mgombea wa nafasi ya balozi wa Marekani nchini Bahamas. == Marejeo == {{Mbegu-mtu}} [[Jamii:Wachezaji]] [[Jamii:Wachezaji wa Marekani]] 671dgbz2w4a4yioz2jhldzgth6vjkbr