ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ tcywiki https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%96%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%9F MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.16 first-letter ಮಾದ್ಯಮೊ ವಿಸೇಸೊ ಪಾತೆರ ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಪಾತೆರ ಫೈಲ್ ಫೈಲ್ ಪಾತೆರ ಮಾದ್ಯಮೊವಿಕಿ ಮಾದ್ಯಮೊವಿಕಿ ಪಾತೆರ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಪಾತೆರ ಸಕಾಯೊ ಸಕಾಯೊ ಪಾತೆರ ವರ್ಗೊ ವರ್ಗೊ ಪಾತೆರ ತಡ್ಯ ತಡ್ಯ ಪಾತೆರ ಕರಡು ಕರಡು ಪಾತೆರ TimedText TimedText talk ಮೋಡ್ಯೂಲ್ ಮೋಡ್ಯೂಲ್ ಪಾತೆರ Event Event talk 0 3777 366621 363816 2026-08-23T13:00:28Z Bharathesha Alasandemajalu 37 /* ತುಳು ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಡ್ ಪ್ರಕಟವಾಯಿನ ಬೂಕುಲು */ 366621 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ತುಳು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ | bgcolor = <!-- header background color --> | fgcolor = <!-- header text color --> | image = | image_border = | size = <!-- default 200 --> | alt = <!-- alt text; see [[WP:ALT]] --> | caption = Karnataka Tulu Sahitya Academy | map = <!-- optional --> | msize = <!-- map size, optional, default 200px --> | malt = <!-- map alt text --> | mcaption = <!-- optional --> | abbreviation = ಕತುಸಾಅ | motto = | formation = ೧೯೯೪ | extinction = <!-- date of extinction, optional --> | type = | status = <!-- ad hoc, treaty, foundation, etc --> | purpose = <!-- focus as e.g. humanitarian, peacekeeping, etc --> | headquarters = ತುಳು ಭವನ, [[ಕುಡ್ಲ]] | location = [[ಕುಡ್ಲ]], [[ಭಾರತ]] | coords = <!-- Coordinates of location using a coordinates template --> | region_served = [[ಭಾರತ]] | membership = | language = ತುಳು | publication = ಮದಿಪು | leader_title = ಗುರ್ಕರೆರು | leader_name = ತಾರನಾಥ ಗತ್ತಿ ಕಾಪಿಕಾಡ್ ( ೨೦೨೪-) | main_organ = <!-- gral. assembly, board of directors, etc --> | parent_organisation = Kannada and culture department, [[Government of Karnataka]]<!-- if one --> | affiliations = <!-- if any --> | num_staff = | num_volunteers = | budget = | website = {{URL|https://tuluacademy.karnataka.gov.in/}} | remarks = }} '''ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ ತುಳು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ''' ತುಳು ಬಾಸೆದ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯೊದ ಪ್ರಚಾರೊಗು ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ ಸರಕಾರದ ಅಡಿಟ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಘಟನೆ. ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಸರ್ಕಾರೊಡ್ದ್ ೧೯೯೪ಡ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿನ ಉಂದು ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದ ಕುಡ್ಲಡ್ ತನ್ನ ಸ್ವಂತ ಕಟ್ಟಡ - ತುಳು ಭವನೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಿಸೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ವಾಯತ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tulu Bhavan inaugurated|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/tulu-bhavan-inaugurated/article7598684.ece|accessdate=10 September 2025|work=The Hindu|date=30 August 2015|language=en-IN}}</ref> == ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ತುಳು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿದ ಸುರು == ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಪರಿವಾರೊಗು ಸೇರ್‌ನ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರೌಢ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಬಾಸೆ ಆಯಿನ ತುಳುನು ಒರಿಪಾವು ಅಂಚನೆ ಬೊಲೆಚ್ಚಿಲ್‍ಗ್ ದುಂಬುಡ್ದಿಂಚಿ ಒಟ್ಟಾದ್, ಒಮ್ಮತೊಡು ಹೋರಾಟೊ ನಡಪಾದ್‍ಜೆರ್. ತುಳುನಾಡ್‍ಡ್ ದಿಂಜ ಬಾಸೆಲು ದಿನನಿತ್ಯೊ ಗಳಸುವೆರ್. ತುಳು ಅತ್ತಾಂದೆ ಕನ್ನಡೊ, ಕೊಂಕಣಿ, ಬ್ಯಾರಿ, ಮಲಯಾಳಿ, ಕೊರಗ, ಕರಾಡ, ಮರಾಠಿ ಅಂಚನೆ ನಮೊನ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೊ ಬಾಸೆ ಹಿಂದಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪರದೇಸಿ ಬಾಸೆ ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಸ್ ಮುಲ್ಪ ಗಳಸೆಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ತುಳು ಬಾಸೆದ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿದ ಬೊಲೆಚ್ಚಿಲ್‍ಗ್ ಸಂಗಟನೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನಾರ್ ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಪುದರ್ ಪಡೆತಿನ ವಕೀಲೆರ್ ಶ್ರೀ ದಿವಂಗತ ಎಸ್. ಅರ್ ಹೆಗ್ಡೆ. ಇಂಬೆರ್ ೪-೧-೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಕುಡ್ಲಡ್ ತುಳುಕೂಟೊನು ಉಂಡು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ತುಳುಕೂಟೊಡದ ನಿರೆಲ್‍ಡ್ ೧೯೯೪ಡ್ ಮೂಲ್ಕಿಡ್ ಪ್ರೊ. ಅಮೃತ ಸೋಮೇಶ್ವರೆರೆ ಗುರ್ಕಾರ್ಮೆಡ್ ಸುರುತ ವಿಶ್ವ ತುಳು ಸಮ್ಮೇಳನೊ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. ಇಂದೆತ ನೆಂಪುದ ಸಂಚಿಕೆಯಾದ್ ಪನಿಯಾರೊ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಬೂಕುಲಾ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. === ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿದ ಗುರ್ಕಾರ್ === ವಿಶ್ವ ತುಳು ಸಮ್ಮೇಳನೊಡು ಕರ್ನಾಟಕೊ ಸರ್ಕಾರೊದ ನಿಲೆಟ್ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ತುಳು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿನ್ ಸ್ತಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನಂಚ ಸರ್ಕಾರೊನು ಕೇನುನ ನಿಚ್ಚಯೊ ದೆತೊಂಡೆರ್. ತುಳುವೆರೆ ತುಳುಕೂಟೊ ಇಂಚಿತ್ತಿ ಸಂಘ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಲೆದ ಹೋರಾಟೊದ ಫಲವಾದ್ ೧೯೯೪ಡ್ ಶ್ರೀ ಎಂ. ವೀರಪ್ಪ ಮೊಯ್ಲ್ಲಿಯೆರ್ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ರಾಜ್ಯೊದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಮಂತ್ರಿಯಾದಿಪ್ಪುನಗ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ತುಳು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಸ್ತಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಮಂಗಳೂರು ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಲಯೊದ ಕನ್ನಡ ವಿಭಾಗೊದ ಗುರ್ಕಾರ್ ಆದಿತ್ತ್‌ನ [[ಬಿ.ಎ.ವಿವೇಕ ರೈ|ಪ್ರೊ.ಬಿ.ಎ.ವಿವೇಕ ರೈ]]ಕುಲು ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ತುಳು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಗ್ ಕಡೀರ್ದ ಗುರ್ಕಾರ್ ಆಯೆರ್. ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿದ ರಡ್ಡನೇ ಸಮಿತಿಗ್‍ಲಾ (೧೯೯೫-೧೯೯೮) ಡಾ. ಬಿ.ಎ ವಿವೇಕ ರೈಕುಲು ಗುರ್ಕಾರೆರ್ ಆಯೆರ್. ಮೂಜನೆದ ಸಮಿತಿಡ್ (೧೯೯೮–೨೦೦೧) [[ಬಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ ಪೊಳಲಿ|ಅ.ಬಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ ಪೊಳಲಿ]], ನಾಲನೆದ ಸಮಿತಿಡ್ (೨೦೦೧–೨೦೦೪) [[ವಾಮನ ನಂದಾವರ|ಡಾ. ವಾಮನ ನಂದಾವರ]], ಐನನೆ ಸಮಿತಿಡ್ (೨೦೦೫–೨೦೦೮) [[ಯಂ.ಕೆ. ಸೀತಾರಾಮ್ ಕುಲಾಲ್]], ಆಜನೆ ಸನುತುಡ್ (೨೦೦೮–೨೦೧೧) [[ಪಾಲ್ತಾಡಿ ರಾಮಕೃಷ್ಣ ಆಚಾರ್|ಡಾ. ಪಾಲ್ತಾಡಿ ರಾಮಕೃಷ್ಣ ಆಚಾರ್]] ಏಳನೆ ಸಮಿತಿಡ್ (೨೦೧೧–೨೦೧೩)ಶ್ರೀ ಉಮಾನಾಥ ಕೋಟ್ಯಾನ್, ಎನ್ಮನೆ ಸಮಿತಿಡ್ (೨೦೧೩ ೨೦೧೬)[[ಜಾನಕಿ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಾವರ|ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ ಜಾನಕಿ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಾವರೊ]] ೨೦೧೭ಡ್ದ್ 2019 ಎ.ಸಿ ಭಂಡಾರಿ ಅದ್ಯಕ್ಷೆರಾದ್ ಕಾರ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ದುಂಬೊರಿತೊಂದು ಪೋವೊಂದು ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ೨೦೧೯-೨೦೨೨ ನೇ ಅವದಿಡ್ ದಯಾನಂದ ಕತ್ತಲಸಾರ್ ಗುರ್ಕಾರ್ ಆದ್ ಅದಿತ್ತೆರ್ ೨೦೨೪-ಡ್ದ್ ತಾರನಾಥ ಗಟ್ಟಿ ಕಾಪಿಕಾಡ್ ಗುರ್ಕಾರ್ ಆದ್ ದುಂಬರಿಯೊಂದು ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. == ರಿಜಿಸ್ಟ್ರಾರ್ == ಶ್ರೀ ಧರ್ಮಸ್ಥಳ ಮಂಜುನಾಥೇಶ್ವರ ಬಿಸಿನೆಸ್ ಮ್ಯಾನೆಜ್ಮೆಂಟ್ ಕಾಲೇಜಿದ ಉಪನ್ಯಾಸಕರಾದಿತ್ತ್‌ನ ಡಾ. ಕೆ ದೇವರಾಜೆರ್ ಕಡೀರೊದ ರಿಜಿಸ್ಟ್ರಾರ್ ಆದ್ ನೇಮಕೊ ಆಯೆರ್. ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಕನ್ನಡ ಉಪನ್ಯಾಸಕರಾದಿತ್ತಿನ ಡಾ. ಪಾಲ್ತಾಡಿ ರಾಮಕೃಷ್ಣ ಆಚಾರ್ ೧೯೯೬ಡ್ದ್ ರಿಜಿಸ್ಟ್ರಾರ್ ಆಯೆರ್. ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಶ್ರೀ ಎಸ್. ಎಚ್. ಶಿವರುದ್ರಪ್ಪ, ಡಾ. ದುಗ್ಗಪ್ಪ ಕಜೆಕಾರ್, ಶ್ರೀ ಚಂದ್ರಹಾಸ ರೈ ಬಿ ಮೇರ್ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ತುಳು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿದ ರಿಜಿಸ್ಟ್ರಾರ್ ಆದ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ ರಾಜೇಶ್ ಜಿ ರಿಜಿಸ್ಟ್ರಾರ್ ಆದ್ ಬೇಲೆ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದು ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. == ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಪ್ರಕಟ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆ == '''ಮದಿಪು''' ಪನ್ಪಿ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆನ್ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಪ್ರಕಟ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಮೂಜಿ ತಿಂಗೊಲೊಗೊರ ಪ್ರಕಟ ಆವೊಂದುಂಡು. ೧೯೯೩ಡ್ದ್ ಈ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆ ಪ್ರಕಟ ಆವೊಂದಿತ್ತ್ ದ್ ೨೦೧೮ ನೇ ಎಪ್ರಿಲ್ ತಿಂಗೊಲ್ದ ೭೫ ನೇ ಸಂಚಿಕೆ ವಜ್ರ ಸಂಚಿ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ನೆಟ್ಟ್ ಪೊಸ ಪೊಸ ಲೇಖನೊಲು ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ, ಚರಿತ್ರೆ, ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ, ಪೊಸ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪರ ಬೂಕುದ ಪೊಲಬು, ಮದಪೆರಾವಂದಿ ತುಳುವೆರ್, ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರ ಪರಿಚಯ, ಇಂಚಿತ್ತಿ ಪೊಸ ಪೊಸ ಲೇಖನೊಲು ಬರೊಂದುಂಡು. ನೆಕ್ಕ್ ಏರ್ಲಾ ಬರೆವೊಲಿ ಎಡ್ಡೆ ಪೊಸ ಲೇಖನೊಲೆನ್ ಅಜತ್ ದ್ ಪ್ರಕಟ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ನೆಕ್ಕ್ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕ ಚಂದಾ ರೂ. ೫೦/- ಜೀವಾವದಿ ಚಂದಾ ರೂ. ೫೦೦/- ಲೇಖನ ಬರೆಪಿನಕಲೆಗ್ ಈ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆಡ್ ಅವಕಾಶ ಉಂಡು. == ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪು ಗ್ರಂಥಾಲಯ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರ == ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿದ ಗ್ರಂಥಾಲಯೊಡು ಸುಮಾರ್ ೫ ಸಾರೊಡ್ದು ಹೆಚ್ಚ ಬೂಕುಲು ಉಂಡು. ತುಳು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ, ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ, ಚರಿತ್ರೆ ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಮಾತಾ ವಿಷಯದ ಮಾತಾ ಬಾಸೆದ ಬೂಕುಲು ಉಂಡು. ಓದುನಕಲೆಗ್, ಸಂಶೋಧಕೆರೆಗ್ ಮುಕ್ತ ಅವಕಾಶ ಉಂಡು. ಪುಸ್ತಕ ದಾನ ರೂಪೊಡು ಬರೊಂದುಂಡು. ಪುಸ್ತಕ ದಾನ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನಕಲೆಗ್ ಮುಕ್ತ ಅವಕಾಶ. ಡಾ. ಜಯಪ್ರಕಾಶ ಮಾವಿನಕುಳಿ ರೆನ ಸುಮಾರ್ ೧೦೦೦.ವಾಮನ ನಂದಾವರ ದಂಪತಿಲೆನ ಸುಮಾರ್ ೨೫೦೦ ಅಪೂರ್ವ ಪುಸ್ತಕೊಲು ತುಳು ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿದ ಗ್ರಂಥಾಲಯದ ಸಂಗ್ರಹೊಡು ಸೇರ್ದುಂಡು. ಪರಾಮರ್ಶನ ಗ್ರಂತೊಲು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಮಲ್ಲ ಗಾತ್ರದ ಬೂಕುಲೆನ್ ಝೆರಾಕ್ಸ್ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆಗ್ ಇಜ್ಜಿ. ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿದ ಗ್ರಂಥಾಲಯೊಡು ಉಪ್ಪು ಒವ್ವೇ ಪುಸ್ತಕೊನು ಕೊನೊದು ಓದಿಯೆರೆ ಇಜ್ಜಿ. ಬತ್ತ್ ದ್ ಓದೊಡು. ನೆಕ್ಕಾದ್ ಕುಲ್ಯರೆ ಕುರ್ಸು ಮೇಜಿದ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಉಂಡು. ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊಡು ೧೫೦ ವರ್ಷೊಡ್ದು ದುಂಬು ಪ್ರಕಟ ಅಯಿ ಕೆಲವು ಬೂಕುಲು ಉಂಡು. ನಾಟಕ, ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ, ಕಥೆ, ಕೈಕಾಜಿದ ಬರವುಲು,ಪ್ರಕಟ ಅವಂದಿ ಬರವುಲು, ಪೆರೂರು ಜಾರು ಮೆರೆನ ತೂಟೆ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆದ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ, ಅರೆನ ಬೂಕು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಬರವುಲೆ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ, ತುಳುಲಿಪಿಪಿತ್ತ ತಾಳೆಗರಿ ಫೊಟೋಕ್ಕುಲು, ಮದಿಪು, ಪೂವರಿ, ತುಳುವ, ತುಳುಬೊಳ್ಪ, ತುಳು ರಾಜ್ಯ ಇಂಚಿತ್ತಿ ತುಳು ಪತ್ರಿಕೆಲು ಸ್ಮರಣ ಸಂಚಿಕೆಲು ಉಂಡು. ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಗ್ ಯೋಗ್ಯವಾಯಿನ ವಿಷಯೊಲೆ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ ಉಂಡು. ಪರ ಬೂಕು, ಕೈ ಕಾಕಜಿದ ಬರವುಲೆನ್ ಜೋಪಾನ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು ಅಗತ್ಯ ಉಂಡು ಅಂಚಾದ್ ನೆಕ್ಕ್ ಹೆಚ್ಚ ಒತ್ತ ಕೊರ್ದು ಪರಾ ಬೂಕುಲೆನ್ ಪರಾ ಕೈಕಾಕಜಿದ ಬರವುಲೆನ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ಮಲ್ಪು ಕಜ್ಜೊ ನಡತೊಂದುಂಡು. ಈ ಈ ವಿಭಾಗೊಡು ಇತ್ತಿನ ವಾ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಕಾರೊನ್ಲಾ ಝೆರಾಕ್ಸ್ ಆವಡ್ ಕೊನೊಪಿನಿ ಆವಡ್ ಇಜ್ಜಿ. == ತುಳು ಪಠ್ಯ ಯೋಜನೆ == ತುಳುನಾಡ್ ದ ಸುಮಾರ್ ೩೫ ಶಾಲೆಲೆಡ್ ೬, ೭, ೮, ೯, ೧೦, ತರಗತಿಲೆಡ್ ತುಳು ಪಾಠ ನಡತೊಂದುಂಡು. ಶಾಲೆಲೆಗ್ ಬೋಡಾಯಿ ತುಳು ಬೂಕುಲೆನ್, ತುಳು ಪಠ್ಯ ಪುಸ್ತಕೊಲೆನ್ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು ಅತ್ತಂದ ಕಲ್ಪಾವುನಕಲೆಗ್ ತರಬೇತಿ,ಸಹಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು. == ತುಳು ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿದ ಯೋಜನೆಲು == # ಪರಪೋಕುಲೆನ್ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ ಮಲ್ಪು ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ # ಅಡಿಯೋ ವಿಡಿಯೋ ದಾಖಲೆ == ೨೦೧೭ ಡ್ದ್- ೨೦೧೯ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿದ ಗುರ್ಕಾರ್ಲು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪದುಕೆರ್ == # ಶ್ರೀ.[[ಎ.ಸಿ. ಭಂಡಾರಿ|ಎ.ಸಿ.ಭಂಡಾರಿ]] - ಗುರ್ಕಾರ್ಲು # ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ ಸುಧಾ ನಾಗೇಶ್ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ ವಿಜಯಾ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಶ್ರೀ. ತಾರಾನಾಥ ಗಟ್ಟಿ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಶ್ರೀ. ಗೋಪಾಲ್ ಅಂಚನ್ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ ವಿದ್ಯಾಶ್ರೀ ಎಸ್ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ ದುರ್ಗಾ ಮೆನನ್ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಶ್ರೀ. ಶಿವಾನಂದ ಕರ್ಕೇರ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಶ್ರೀ.[[ಬೆನೆಟ್ ಅಮ್ಮನ್ನ]] -ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಶ್ರೀ. ಚಂದ್ರಶೇಖರ ಗಟ್ಟಿ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಡಾ. ವಾಸುದೇವ ಬೆಳ್ಳೆ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಡಾ. ವೈ. ಎನ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # [[ಡಾ. ಪ್ರಭಾಕರ್ ನೀರ್ ಮಾರ್ಗ]]-ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಶ್ರೀ. ನಿರಂಜನ ರೈ- ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಶ್ರೀ. ನರೇಶ್ ಸಸಿಹಿತ್ಲು - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಶ್ರೀ ಪುರುಷೋತ್ರಮ ಚಂಡ್ಲ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ == ೨೦೧೯-೨೦೨೧ ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿದ ಗುರ್ಕಾರ್ಲು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪದುಕೆರ್ == # ಶ್ರೀ ದಯಾನಂದ ಕತ್ತಲಸಾರ್ - ಗುಕಾರ್ಲು<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=647021|title=Mangaluru: Dayanand seeks legislators support to include Tulu in eighth schedule|website=www.daijiworld.com}}</ref> # ಶ್ರೀ ಲೀಲಾಕ್ಷ ಕರ್ಕೇರ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಶ್ರೀ ರವೀಂದ್ರ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ ಬಳಂಜ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಶ್ರೀ ನಾಗೇಶ್ ಕುಲಾಲ್ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ ವಿಜಯಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿ ಪ್ರಸಾದ್ ರೈ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ ಸಿದ್ದಕಟ್ಟೆ ಮಲ್ಲಿಕಾ ಅಜಿತ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಶ್ರೀ ಕಡಬ ದಿನೇಶ್ ರೈ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಶ್ರೀ ನಿಟ್ಟೆ ಶಶಿಧರ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಡಾ. ಆಕಾಶ್ ರಾಜ್ ಜೈನ್ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ ಕಾಂತಿ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ತಾರಾ ಉಮೇಶ್ ಆಚಾರ್ಯ - ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಶ್ರೀ ಸುರೇಶ್ ಎಸ್ ಭಂಡಾರಿ -ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಶ್ರೀ ಪಿ. ಯಂ ರವಿ -ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ # ಶ್ರೀ ಚೇತಕ್ ಪೂಜಾರಿ -ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ == ತುಳು ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಡ್ದ್ ಗೌರವ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಪಡೆವೊಂಡಿನಕುಲು == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Tulu Academy Award Winners |- ! ವರ್ಸೊ !! ಪುದರ್ !! ಇಬಾಗೋ |- | 1995-1996 || ದಿ.ಕೆದಂಬಾಡಿ ಜತ್ತಪ್ಪ ರೈ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 1995-1996 || ಮಂದಾರ ಕೇಶವ ಭಟ್ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 1996-1997 || ದಿ. ಪ್ರೊ ಕು.ಶಿ ಹರಿದಾಸ ಭಟ್ || ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ |- | 1996-1997 || ದಿ.ಕೆಲಿಂಜs ಸೀತಾರಾಮ ಆಳ್ವ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 1996-1997 || ಶ್ರೀ ಮಿಜಾರು ಅಣ್ಣಪ್ನಾ || ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ |- | 1997-98 || ಡಾ. ಸುನೀತಾ ಎಂ. ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 1997-98 || ಡಾ. ಸೂರ್ಯನಾಥ ಕಾಮತ್ || ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ |- | 1997-98 || ಶ್ರೀ ಕೆ.ಎನ್. ಟೈಲರ್ || ನಾಟಕ – ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ |- | 1997-98 || ದಿ. ಮಲ್ಪೆ ಶಂಕರನಾರಾಯಣ ಸಾಮಗ || ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ |- | 1998-99 || ಪ್ರೊ. ಅಮೃತ ಸೋಮೇಶ್ವರ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 1998-99 || ಶ್ರೀ ವೆಂಕಟರಾಜ ಪುಣಿಂಚಿತ್ತಾಯ || ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ |- | 1998-99 || ದಿ.ಮಂಕುಡೆ ಸಂಜೀವ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ || ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ |- | 1998-99 || ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ ಎಂ. ಲೀಲಾವತಿ || ನಾಟಕ – ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ |- | 1999-2000 || ಡಾ. ಯು.ಪಿ. ಉಪಾಧ್ಯಾಯ || ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ |- | 1999-2000 || ಶ್ರೀ ಕುದ್ಕಾಡಿ ವಿಶ್ವನಾಥ ರೈ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 1999-2000 || ಶ್ರೀ ಕೋಳ್ಯೂರ ರಾಮಚಂದ್ರ ರಾವ್ || ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ |- | 1999-2000 || ಶ್ರೀ ಸದಾನಂದ ಸುವರ್ಣ || ನಾಟಕ – ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ |- | 2000-2001 || ದಿ. ಪಿ.ಎಸ್. ರಾವ್ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 2000-2001 || ಡಾ. ಸುಶೀಲಾ ಪಿ. ಉಪಾಧ್ಯಾಯ || ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ |- | 2000-2001 || ಶ್ರೀ ಪಿ.ಎಸ್. ರಾವ್ || ನಾಟಕ – ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ |- | 2000-2001 || ದಿ. ಪುಳಿಂಚ ರಾಮಯ್ಯ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ || ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ |- | 2001-2002 || ಡಾ. ಕೆ. ವಿ. ರಮೇಶ || ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ |- | 2001-2002 || ಡಾ. ಬಿ. ಎ. ವಿವೇಕ ರೈ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 2001-2002 || ಶ್ರೀ ಮಲ್ಪೆ ರಾಮದಾಸ ಸಾಮಗ || ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ |- | 2001-2002 || ಶ್ರೀ ಮಚ್ಚೇಂದ್ರನಾಥ ಪಾಂಡವರ|| ನಾಟಕ – ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ |- | 2002-2003 || ಡಾ. ಕೆ. ವಸಂತ ಮಾಧವ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 2002-2003 || ಶ್ರೀ ಏರ್ಯ ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ನಾರಾಯಣ ಆಳ್ವ || ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ |- | 2002-2003 || ಶ್ರೀ ಬಿ. ಶೀನಪ್ಪ ಭಂಡಾರಿ || ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ |- | 2002-2003 || ಡಾ. ಪಿ. ಸಂಜೀವ ದಂಡೆಕೇರಿ || ನಾಟಕ – ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ |- | 2003-2004 || ಶ್ರೀ ಎಂ. ಮುಕುಂದ ಪ್ರಭು || ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ |- | 2003-2004 || ಪ್ರೊ ಎ. ವಿ. ನಾವಡ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 2003-2004 || ಶ್ರೀ ಕೆ. ಅನಂತರಾಮ ಬಂಗಾಡಿ || ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ |- | 2003-2004 || ಶ್ರೀ ಕೆ. ಬಿ. ವಾಮನ ಜಾನಪದ || ನಾಟಕ – ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ |- | 2004 || ಡಾ. ಕೆ. ಚಿನ್ನಪ್ಪ ಗೌಡ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 2004 || ನಾಟಕ || ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ |- | 2004 || ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ ಜಯಶೀಲ ಜಾನಪದ || ನಾಟಕ – ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ |- | 2004 || ದಿ ಲೋಕಯ ಪಂಬದ || ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ |- | 2005 || ಡಾ. ಪಾಲ್ತಾಡಿ ರಾಮಕೃಷ್ಣ ಆಚಾರ್ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 2005 || ಶ್ರೀ ವಿ.ಜಿ. ಪಾಲ್ || ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ |- | 2005 || ಶ್ರೀ ಐತಪ್ಪ ಮಾರು ಪಂಬದ ಚಿಪ್ಪಾರ್ || ನಾಟಕ – ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ |- | 2006 || ಡಾ. ವಾಮನ ನಂದಾವರ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 2006 || ನಾಟಕ - ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ || ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ |- | 2006 || ಶ್ರೀ ರಾಮದಾಸ್ ದೇವಾಡಿಗ || ನಾಟಕ – ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ |- | 2006 || ಶ್ರೀ ಮಾಚಾರು ಗೋಪಾಲ ನಾಯ್ಕ || ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ |- | 2007 || ಶಿಮುಂಜೆ ಪರಾರಿ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 2007 || ಶ್ರೀ ಬಿ. ಎನ್. ರಾವ್ ಬೋಳೂರು || ನಾಟಕ – ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ |- | 2007 || ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ ಸಣ್ಣಕ್ಕ ಬಂಗ್ಲೆಗುಡ್ಡೆ || ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ |- | 2008 || ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 2008 || ಶ್ರೀ ಬನ್ನಂಜೆ ಬಾಬು ಅಮೀನ್ || ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ |- | 2008 || ಶ್ರೀ ಸದಾಶಿವ ಸಾಲ್ಯಾನ್ || ನಾಟಕ – ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ |- | 2008 || ಶ್ರೀ ದಾಸು ಬಂಗೇರ || ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ |- | 2009 || ಡಾ. ಟಿ. ರಾಮಕೃಷ್ಣ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 2009 || ಶ್ರೀ ಭೋಜ ಸುವರ್ಣ || ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ |- | 2009 || ಶ್ರೀ ಕಾಂಚನ ಸಂಜೀವ ರೈ || ನಾಟಕ – ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ |- | 2010 || ಶ್ರೀ ಡಿ. ಕೆ. ಚೌಟ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 2010 || ಶ್ರೀ ಶಾಂತರಾಮ್ ಕಲ್ಲಡ್ಕ || ನಾಟಕ – ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ |- | 2010 || ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ ಕೊರಪೊಳು || ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ |- | 2011 || ಬೋಳ ಚಿತ್ತರಂಜನ್ ದಾಸ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 2011 || ಶ್ರೀ ಜೆ. ಸೀತಾರಾಮ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ || ನಾಟಕ – ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ |- | 2011 || ಶ್ರೀ ಟಿ. ಎ. ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸ || ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ |- | 2012 || ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ ಜಯಂತಿ ಎಸ್. ಬಂಗೇರ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 2012 || ಶ್ರೀ ರೋಹಿದಾಸ್ ಕದ್ರಿ || ನಾಟಕ – ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ |- | 2012 || ರಿಚಾರ್ಡ್ ಕ್ಯಾಸ್ತಲಿನ || ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ |- | 2013 || ಶ್ರೀ ಮನು ಇಡ್ಯಾ ಸುರತ್ಕಲ್ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 2013 || ಶ್ರೀ ಕೆ. ವಿಶ್ವನಾಥ ರೈ ಬೆಳ್ಳಾರೆ || ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ |- | 2013 || ಶ್ರೀ ಗೇರ್ತಿಲ ದೇವು ಪೂಜಾರಿ || ನಾಟಕ – ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ |- | 2014 || ಡಾ. ಕನರಾಡಿ ವಾದಿರಾಜ ಭಟ್ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 2014 || ಶ್ರೀ ಎಮ್. ಕೆ. ಸೀತಾರಾಮ್ ಕುಲಾಲ್ || ನಾಟಕ – ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ |- | 2014 || ಶ್ರೀ ರಾಮ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ || ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ |- | 2015 || ಡಾ. ಇಂದಿರಾ ಹೆಗ್ಡೆ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 2015 || ಶ್ರೀ ಕೋಟಿ ಪರವ || ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ |- | 2015 || ಶ್ರೀ ಬೇತ ಕುಂಞ ಕುಲಾಲ್ || ನಾಟಕ – ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ |- | 2016 || ಶ್ರೀ ಮುದ್ದು ಮೂಡುಬೆಳ್ಳೆ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |- | 2016 || ಶ್ರೀ ಕೆ. ಆನಂದ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ || ನಾಟಕ – ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ |- | 2016 || ಶ್ರೀ ತಮ್ಮ ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಣ || ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ |- | 2017 || ಶ್ರೀ ಸೀಮಂತೂರು ನಾರಾಯಣ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ || ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ |- | 2017 || ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ ಶಕುಂತಲಾ ಭಟ್ || ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ |} == ತುಳು ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಡ್ ಪ್ರಕಟವಾಯಿನ ಬೂಕುಲು == ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ರಾಜ್ಯ ಸರಕಾರದ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ತುಳು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿದ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಬೇಲೆ ದಾಖಲೀಕರಣ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ. ೧೯೯೫ಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ರಕಟ ಆಯಿ ಪುಸ್ತಕೊಲೆ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಮುಲ್ಪ ಉಂಡು. ಪುಸ್ತಕೊಲು ತುಳು ಭವನೊಡು ರಿಯಾಯತಿ ದರೊಟ್ಟು ತಿಕ್ಕುಂಡು. # ರೆವೆರೆಂಡ್ ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ಮೇನರ್, ಪದ್ಮನಾಭ ಕೇಕುಣ್ಣಾಯ # ಬಾಯಾರ್ ಸಂಕಯ್ಯ ಬಾಗೊತೆರ್, ವೆಂಕಟರಾಜ ಪುಣಿಂಚತ್ತಾಯ # ಬಡಕಬೈಲು ಪರಮೇಸ್ರಯ್ಯೆರ್, ಮಂದಾರ ಕೇಶವ ಭಟ್ಟ # ಮೂವೆರ್ ತಿಂಗಳಾಯೆರ್, ಯಜ್ಞಾವತಿ ಕೇಶವ ಕಂಗೆನ್ # ಎನ್.ಎ.ಶೀನಪ್ಪ ಹೆಗ್ಡೆರ್, ಅ. ಬಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ ಪೊಳಲಿ # ಎಸ್.ಯು.ಪಣಿಯಾಡಿ, ಮುರಳೀಧರ ಉಪಾಧ್ಯ ಹಿರಿಯಡಕ # ಧರ್ಮಸ್ಥಳ ಮಂಜಯ್ಯ ಹೆಗ್ಡೆರ್,ನಾ ಉಜಿರೆ # ಎನ್.ಎಸ್.ಕಿಲ್ಲೆ(ನಾರಾಯಣ) ಕಯ್ಯಾರ ಕಿಞ್ಞನ್ಣ ರೈ # ದೂಮಪ್ಪ ಮಾಸ್ತರ್, ಕೆ. ಲೀಲಾವತಿ # ಮಟ್ಟಾರ್ ವಿಠಲ ಹೆಗ್ಡೆ, ರತ್ನ ಕುಮಾರ್ # ಸತ್ಯ ಮಿತ್ರ ಬಂಗೇರ, ಪೀಟರ್ ವಿಲ್ಸನ್ ಪ್ರಭಾಕರ್ # ವಿಶು ಕುಮಾರ್, ಬಿ. ಮಾಧವ ಕುಲಾಲ್ # ನರ್ಕಳ ಮಾರಪ್ಪ ಶೆಟ್ರ್, ಎನ್. ರಘುನಾಥ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ # ಮಂದಾರ ಕೇಶವ ಭಟ್ರ್, ಎಂ. ಪ್ರಭಾಕರ ಜೋಶಿ # ಕೆಮ್ತೂರು ದೊಡ್ಡಣ್ಣ ಶೆಟ್ರ್, ಕ್ಯಾಥರಿನ್ ರಾಡ್ರಿಗಸ್ # ಬಿ.ರಾಮ ಕಿರೋಡಿಯನ್ ಮುಂಡಪ್ಪ ಬೋಳೂರು # ನವಯುಗದ ಹೊನ್ನಯ ಶೆಟ್ರ್ ನರೇಂದ್ರ ರೈ ದೇರ್ಲ # ಕು.ಶಿ ಹರಿದಾಸ ಭಟ್ರ್ ಡಾ.ಗಣನಾಥ ಎಕ್ಕಾರು # ಅ.ಬಾಲಕ್ರಷ್ಣ, ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ ಪೊಳಲಿ ಎನ್.ಪಿ.ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ # ಕಲಾ ತಪಸ್ವಿ ಕೆ.ಕೆ.ಹೆಬ್ಬಾರ್ ಡಾ.ಸುನೀತಾ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ ಮುಂಬಯಿ # ಡಾ.ಕೋಟ ಶಿವರಾಮ ಕಾರಂತೆರ್ ಡಾ.ಪಾಲ್ತಾಡಿ ರಾಮಕ್ರಷ್ಣ ಆಚಾರ್ # ಕೆದಂಬಾಡಿ ಜತ್ತಪ್ಪ ರೈ ಡಾ.ಕೆದಂಬಾಡಿ ತಿಮ್ಮಪ್ಪ ರೈ # ಕೆಲಿಂಜೆ ಸೀತರಾಮ ಆಳ್ವೆರ್ ವಿಜಯಕುಮಾರ್ ಭಂಡಾರಿ (ವಿಕುಭ) ಹೆಬ್ಬಾರಬೈಲು # ಕೆ.ಲೀಲಾವತಿ, ಶ್ರೀ.ಮುಂಡಪ್ಪ ಬೋಳೂರು, ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ ಬಿ.ಎಂ.ರೋಹಿಣಿ # ಸುಬ್ರಾಯ ಭಟ್ ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ ಜಯಂತಿ ಅಮೀನ್ # ಕೆ.ಬಿ.ಭಂಡಾರಿ ಡಾ. ವಾಮನ ನಂದಾವರ # ನರ್ಕಳ ಮಾರಪ್ಪ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ(ಕನ್ನಡ) ಎನ್.ರಘನಾಥ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ # ಮಟ್ಟಾರು ವಿಠಲ ಹೆಗ್ಡೆ ರತ್ನಕುಮಾರ್ ಎಂ # ಧರ್ಮಸ್ಥಳ ಮಂಜಯ್ಯ ಹೆಗ್ಡೆ (ಕನ್ನಡ) ನಾ ವುಜಿರೆ # ಮುಗೇರರು ಡಾ.ಕೆ.ಅಭಯ ಕುಮಾರ್ # ಬಾಬ ಸಾಹೇಬ ಅಂಬೇಡ್ಕರ್ ಪಿ.ಡೀಕಯ್ಯ # ನಿಲೆ ಮಾಧವ ಪೆರಾಜೆ # ಕೋಟಿ ಚೆನ್ನಯ್ಯ(ತುಳು) ಡಾ.ವಾಮನ ನಂದಾವರ # ಅಕ್ಕೆರಸು ಸಿರಿ ಎ.ವಿ.ನಾವಡ # ಕೋಡ್ದಬ್ಬು ಡಾ.ಸುಶೀಲಾ ಉಪಾಧ್ಯಾಯ # ಪರತಿ ಮಂಗನೆ ಕೆ.ಲೀಲಾವತಿ # ಪುಳ್ಕೂರು ಬಾಚೆ ವೆಂಕಟರಾಜ ಪುಣಿಂಚತ್ತಾಯ # ಅಬ್ಬಗೆ ದಾರಗೆ ಕೆ.ಜೆ.ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ ಕಡಂದಲೆ # ಮೂಂಕು ಸಂಬಳೊ ಕೆ.ಚಿನ್ನಪ್ಪ ಗೌಡ # ಮಗೆ ಬರವು ಕಲ್ತೆ ಕನರಾಡಿ ವಾದಿರಾಜ ಭಟ್ # ಮಾಯಂದಾಲ್ ಯಶವಂತಿ ಎಸ್ ಸುವರ್ಣ # ಕಲ್ಲುರ್ಟಿ ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ ಅಮ್ರತ ಸೋಮೇಶ್ವರ # ಬನ್ನಾಲ್ ಕು| ಕ್ಯಾಥರೀನ್ ರಾಡ್ರಿಗಸ್ # ಮಾಮಿ ಮರ್ಮಲ್ ಡಾ.ಗಣನಾಥ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ ಎಕ್ಕಾರು # ಜೋಗಿ ಪುರುಷೆರ್ ಕುದ್ಕಾಡಿ ವಿಶ್ವನಾಥ ರೈ # ಅಗೋಳಿ ಮಂಜಣೆ ಡಾ.ಗಣೇಶ್ ಅಮೀನ್ ಸಂಕಮಾರ್ # ಕಣ್ಣ್ ತೂವಂದಿನ ಕೆಬಿಟ್ ಕೇನಂದಿನ ಕೆ.ಆರ್.ರೈ # ಅಪ್ಪೋದಡ್ಯೆ ಮುದ್ದು ಮೂಡುಬೆಳ್ಳೆ # ನಾಗಸಿರಿ ಕೆ. ಅನಂತರಾಮ ಬಂಗಾಡಿ # ಮಾಯೆದ ಪೋಣ್ಣು ಡಿ. ಯದುಪತಿ ಗೌಡ # ಮುಡಿಪ್ಪೆಯರಾವಂದಿ ಮಲ್ಲಿಗೆ ಎನ್.ಕೊಯಿರಾ ಬಾಳೆಪುಣಿ # ಭೂತಾಳ ಪಾಂಡ್ಯ ಡಾ.ಪಾಲ್ತಾಡಿ ರಾಮಕ್ರಷ್ಣ ಆಚಾರ್ # ಆಕಾಶವಾಣಿಕಥೆಕ್ಕುಲು, ವಸಂತ ಕುಮಾರ್ ಪೆರ್ಲ # ಬೀರದ ಬೊಲ್ಪು ಮಂದಾರ ಕೇಶವ ಭಟ್ಟ # ಉಳ್ಳಾಲ ಇತಿ ಆದಿ(ಸಂ) ಪ್ರೊ. ಅಮೃತ ಸೋಮೇಶ್ವರ, ಕೆ.ಆರ್.ಚಂದ್ರ # ಎನ್ನ ಮೋಕೆದ ಪೋಣ್ಣು ಕೆ.ಟಿ.ಗಟ್ಟಿ # ಜೋಕುಲೆ ಸಂಚಿ ಕುದ್ಕಾಡಿ ವಿಶ್ವನಾಥ ರೈ # ಬಂಗಾರ್ ಪರ್ಬದ ಸಿಂಗಾರ್ ಪದೊಕುಲು (ಸಂ)ಪಿ.ಎಸ್.ರಾವ್ # ತುಳು ಕೈಪಿಡಿ ಡಾ.ಯು.ಪಿ.ಉಪಾಧ್ಯಾಯ # ಅಬ್ಬಕ್ಕ ದೇವಿಯರು ಡಾ.ಕೆ.ಜಿ.ವಸಂತ ಮಾಧವ # ಜೋಕುಲೆ ದನಿ (ಸಂ) ವಾಮನ ನಂದಾವರ # ಮಹಾಭಾರತೊ-ತುಳು ಮಹಾಕಾವ್ಯ ಪಂಡಿತ ವೆಂಕಟರಾಜ ಪುಣಿಂಚತ್ತಾಯೆರ್ # ಬಯ್ಯ ಮಲ್ಲಿಗೆ (ಸಂ) ಪಾ.ವೆಂ.ಆಚಾರ್ಯ., ಡಾ.ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸ ಹಾವನೂರ # ತುಳು ಲಿಪಿ ವೆಂಕಟರಾಜ ಪುಣಿಂಚತ್ತಾಯ # ತೆಲ್ಪು ತೆಲಿಕೆದ ಕತೆಕುಲು ಅ.ಬಾಲಕ್ರಷ್ಣ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ ಪೊಳಲಿ # ತುಳು ಬಾಸೆ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯ ಡಾ.ಕೆ.ವಿ.ಜಲಜಾಕ್ಷಿ # ತುಳು ಬಾಸೆಗ್ ಮಾನಾದಿಗೆ (ಸಂ)ಮಂ.ಆನಂದ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ # ದೇವಿನ ದಿವ್ಯಕತೆಕುಲು ಪಳನೀರು ವಾಸುದೇವ ಭಟ್ಟ # ಅಳಿಯ ಸಂತಾನ ಕಟ್ಟಿನ ತುಳು ಜನರ # ಶುಭಾಶುಭಾ ಕಟ್ಟು ಕಟ್ಟಳೆಗಳು ಫಕೀರ ಎಮ್.ಮುಲಾಯ # ಭೂತಾಳ ಪಾಂಡ್ಯನ ಅಳಿಯ ಸಂತಾನ # ಕಟ್ಟು-ಒಂದು ವಿಭಿನ್ನ ನಿರೂಪಣೆ ಎನ್.ಚಂದ್ರ ಶೇಖರ್ # ತುಳು ಸೋಮೆಶ್ವರ ಶತಕೋ ಡಾ.ಕಬ್ಬಿನಾಲೆ ವಸಂತ ಭಾರದ್ವಾಜ # ಐಸ್‍ಲೆಟ್ ಸ್ಕ್ರೂ ಪೈನ್ ಎಂ.ಜಾನಕಿ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಾವರ್ # ಹತ್ತು ವರ್ಷಗಳ ಸಾಧನೆ # ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಸಿರಿ ದಶಮಾನೋತ್ಸವ ಸ್ಮರಣ ಸಂಚಿಕೆ (ಸಂ) ಡಾ.ವಾಮನ ನಂದಾವರ # ತುಳು ಕೇನ್ದ್ ಓದುದ್ ಬರೆದ್ ಕಲ್ಪುಲೆ ಕೆ.ಟಿ.ಗಟ್ಟಿ # ಕಂರ್ಬುದ ಪೇರ್ ಡಾ.ಕಬ್ಬಿನಾಲೆ ವಸಂತ ಭಾರದ್ವಾಜ # ತುಳು ಸಂಸ್ಕ್ರತಿದ ಪೊಲಬು ಡಾ.ಪಾಲ್ತಾಡಿ ರಾಮಕ್ರಷ್ಣ ಆಚಾರ್ # ಕೋಟಿ ಚೆನ್ನಯ (ಕನ್ನಡ) ಡಾ.ವಾಮನ ನಂದಾವರ # ಅಕ್ಕೆರಸು ಸಿರಿ( ಕನ್ನಡ) ಎ.ವಿ.ನಾವಡ # ಕಲ್ಲುರ್ಟಿ ಕಲ್ಕುಡ(ಕನ್ನಡ) ಅಮ್ರತ ಸೋಮೇಶ್ವರ # ಜೋಗಿ ಪುರುಷರು (ಕನ್ನಡ) ಕುದ್ಕಾಡಿ ವಿಶ್ವನಾಥ ರೈ # ಮಗ ಬರಹ ಕಲಿತ (ಕನ್ನಡ) ಕನರಾಡಿ ವಾದಿರಾಜ ಭಟ್ಟ # ಮಾಯಾಂದಾಳ್ (ಕನ್ನಡ) ಯಸವಂತಿ ಎಸ್.ಸುವರ್ಣ # ತುಳು ದೇವಿ ಮಹಾತ್ಮೆ ಪು.ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸ ಭಟ್ಟ, ಕಟೀಲು # ತುಳು ಲಿಪಿ ಪರಿಚಯ ಡಾ.ರಾಧಾಕ್ರಷ್ಣ ಬೆಳ್ಳೂರು # ಕಾವೇರಿ ಡಾ.ಕೆ.ಪದ್ಮನಾಭ ಕೇಕುಣ್ಣಾಯ # ತುಳು ಭಾಗವತೋ ಡಾ.ಪಾದೇಕಲ್ಲು ವಿಷ್ಣು ಭಟ್ಟ # ದಾನಶೂರ ಕರ್ಣ ಡಾ.ಎಸ್.ಆರ್.ವಿಘ್ನರಾಜ # ಅರುಣಾಬ್ಜನ ಮಹಾಭಾರತೊ ಡಾ.ಕಬ್ಬಿನಾಲೆ ವಸಂತ ಭಾರದ್ವಾಜ # ತುಳು ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ಡಾ. ಕಿಶೋರ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ ರೈ., ಶೇಣಿ # ನೂದು ಕಬಿತೆಲೆ ಗೋಂಚಿಲ್ (ಸಂ)ಶ್ರೀ ಚಿದಂಬರ ಬೈಕಂಪಾಡಿ, ಶ್ರೀ ಬಿ.ಎನ್.ಹರೀಶ್ ಬೋಳೂರು # ಪ್ರಾತಿನಿಧಿಕ ಲೇಖನ ಮಾಲೆ, ಡಾ.ಗಣನಾಥ ಎಕ್ಕಾರು # (ಮದಿಪು ಲೇಖನೊಲು) # ಮಂದಾರ ರಾಮಾಯಣ ಮಹಾಕಾವ್ಯ ಮಂದಾರ ಕೇಶವ ಭಟ್ಟ # ತುಳು ಕಾವ್ಯೋ ಡಾ.ವಸಂತಕುಮಾರ ಪೆರ್ಲ # ಡೆವಿಲ್ ವರ್ಶಿಫ್ ಆಫ್ ತುಳುವಾಸ್, ಏ.ಶಿ. ಬರ್ನೆಲ್ (ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್) ಎ.ವಿ.ನಾವಡ ಮತ್ತು ಡಾ.ಡೆನ್ನಿಸ್ ಪೆರ್ನಾಂಡೀಸ್ ಅವರ ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾವನೆಯೊಂದಿಗೆ # ಪಾಡ್ದನೊಳು ಅಗಸ್ಟ್ ಮೆನ್ನರ್,೨೦೦೮, ಮ.ಮು ೨೦೧೯ ಬೆನೆಟ್ ಜಿ. ಅಮ್ಮನ್ನ ಅವರ ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾವನೆಯೊಂದಿಗೆ # ತುಳು ಬಾಗವತಾರ್ಥ. ಡಾ.ಮಾಧವ ಪೆರಾಜೆ, ವಿಷ್ಣುತುಂಗ ಕವಿ # ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ ಏಕೀಕರಣ ತುಳುನಾಡಿನ ಕೊಡುಗೆ ಪ್ರೋ.ತುಕರಾಮ್ ಪೂಜಾರಿ # ತುಳು ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ ಪರಿಚಯ ಕೆ.ಅನಂತರಾಮ ಬಂಗಾಡಿ # ತುಳು ಗಾದೆಲು ಜ್ಯೋತಿ ಚೇಳ್ಯಾರು # ತುಳು ಕತಾ ಸಂಸ್ಕ್ರತಿ ಡಾ.ವಿಶ್ವನಾಥ ಬದಿಕಾನ # ತುಳು ಪಾಡ್ದÀನೊಳು - ಅಮೀನ್ ಡಾ.ಗಣೇಶ್ ಅಮೀನ್ ಸಂಕಮಾರ್ # ಎದುರು ಕತೆಕ್ಕುಲು ಜಯಂತಿ ಎಸ್.ಬಂಗೇರ ಮೂಡುಬಿದಿರೆ # ಬೆನ್ಪಿ ಪೊಣ್ಣನ ಕನತ ಕದಿಕೆ ಡಾ.ರಾಜಶ್ರೀ # ತುಳುನಾಡ್‍ದ ನಲಿಕೆಲು ಡಿ.ಯದುಪತಿ ಗೌಡ # ಮಂದಾರ ರಾಮಾಯಣ ಪರಿಚಯ ಡಾ.ನಿಕೇತನ # ದೈವೊಲೆ ಕತೆಕ್ಕುಲು ಬನ್ನಂಜೆ ಬಾಬು ಅಮೀನ್ # ಬಚ್ಚಿರೆ ಬಜ್ಜೆಯಿ ಡಾ.ಹರಿಕ್ರಷ್ಣ ಭರಣ್ಯ # ತುಳು ಅನುವಾದ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಡಾ.ಅರುಣಕುಮಾರ್ ಎಸ್.ಆರ್ # ನಾಟಕೊಲು ಕೆ.ಕೆ.ಗಟ್ಟಿ # ನಾಲಾಯಿಡ್ಡ್ ನಾಲೂರುಗು ಡಾ.ಬಿ.ಎ ವಿವೇಕ ರೈ # ನೆಯಿ ಪೇರ್ ಭಾಸ್ಕರ್ ರೈ ಕುಕ್ಕುವಳ್ಳಿ(ಸಂ) # ಪನ್ನಂಬರೊ ಯೋಗೀಶ್ ಕಾಂಚನ್, ಬೈಕಂಪಾಡಿ (ಸಂ) # ಭರತ ಕಾವ್ಯೋ ಪಾಸಡಿ-1 ಡಾ.ಕಮಲಾಕ್ಷ ಕೆ. # ತುಳು ಅನಂತ ವ್ರತ ಕಥೆ ಡಾ.ರಾಧಾಕ್ರಷ್ಣ ಬೆಳ್ಳೂರು # ತುಳುನಾಡ್‍ದ ಹರಿದಾಸೆರ್ ಬಿ.ಕೆ ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ ರಾವ್ # ಕಾಲೇಜು ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿ ತುಳು ಬಳಕೆ ಡಾ.ಅಜಕ್ಕಳ ಗಿರೀಶ್ ಭಟ್ # ತುಳು ಸಂಸ್ಕ್ರತಿಡ್ ಪುರುಬಾಲೆ ಎಚ್.ಶಕುಂತಳಾ ಭಟ್ # ಕಳಸೆ(ಮದಿಪು 50) ಡಾ.ದುಗ್ಗಪ್ಪ ಕಜೆಕಾರ್ # ಪೊಸಗಾದೆಲು ಡಾ.ಅಮ್ರತ ಸೋಮೇಶ್ವರ # ತುಳುವ ಕ್ರಷ್ಣದೇವರಾಯ ಡಾ.ದುಗ್ಗಪ್ಪ ಕಜೆಕಾರ್ # ಭಾರತ ಕಾವ್ಯ ಪಾಸಡಿ-2 ಡಾ.ಕಮಲಾಕ್ಷ ಕೆ. # ಬಂಗ್ಲೆಗುಡ್ಡೆ ಸಣ್ಣಕ್ಕೆರನ ಬಾಯ್ಪಾತೆರೊದ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ (ಸಂ) ಡಾ.ಪೂವಪ್ಪ ಕಣಿಯೂರು # ಮುಲ್ಕಿ ಸುಂದರ ರಾಮ ಶೆಟ್ರ್ ಎನ್.ಪಿ.ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ # ನಂದೊಳಿಗೆ ಮುದ್ದಣ್ಣೆ ನಂದಳಿಕೆ ಬಾಲಚಂದ್ರ ರಾವ್ # ಎಸ್. ಆರ್ ಹೆಗ್ಡೆ ರತ್ನಕುಮಾರ್ ಎಂ # ಕಾರ್ನಾಡ್ ಸದಾಶಿವರಾಯೆರ್ ಮಂಜುಳಾ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ # ರತ್ನಾಕರ ವರ್ಣಿ ಮುನಿರಾಜ ರೆಂಜಾಳ # ರಾಣಿ ಅಬ್ಬಕ್ಕ ದೇವಿ ವಿ.ಕೆ ಯಾದವ್ ಸಸಿಹಿತ್ಲು # ಕಮಲಾದೇವಿ ಚಟೋಪಾಧ್ಯಾಯ ಪ್ರಶಾಂತ್ ಅನಂತಾಡಿ # ಡಾ. ಪಳ್ಳತಡ್ಕ ಕೇಶವಭಟ್ ಡಾ.ವಸಂತಕುಮಾರ ಪೆರ್ಲ # ಕುದ್ಮುಲ್ ರಂಗರಾಯೆರ್ ಡಾ.ಉದಯ ಬಾರ್ಕೂರು # ಮೊಳಹಳ್ಳಿ ಶಿವರಾಯೆರ್ ಎಚ್.ಶಕುಂತಳಾ ಭಟ್ # ಬಲ್ಲ ಮಹಾದೇವ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಚಿಕ್ಕತಾಯಿ ಬಿ.ಕೆ ರಮೇಶ್ ಗೇರುಕಟ್ಟ # ಬಿ.ವಿ ಕಾರಂತೆರ್ ಚಂದ್ರಶೇಖರ ಮಂಡೆಕೋಲು # ಮಧ್ವಾಚಾರ್ಯೆರ್ ಕೆ.ಬಾಲಕ್ರಷ್ಣ ಆಚಾರ್ಯ # ಡಾ.ಪಿ ಗುರುರಾಜ ಭಟ್ರ್ ಡಾ.ವಸಂತಕುಮಾರ ಪೆರ್ಲ # ರಾಷ್ರಕವಿ ಗೋವಿಂದ ಪೈ, ಡಾ.ಕಿಶೋರ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ ರೈ,ಶೇಣಿ # ಪರವೂರ್ದ ತುಳು ಪುರ್ಪ ಶಿಮಂತೂರು ಚಂದ್ರಹಾಸ ಸುವರ್ಣ # ಮರೆಪ್ಪರಾವಂದಿ ತುಳುವೆರ್ ರಮೇಶ್ ಹೆಗ್ಡೆ # ಕೊರಪೊಳು ಪಂಡಿನ ಕತೆಕುಲು ಡಾ.ಸುಂದರ ಕೇನಾಜೆ # ಕವಿಗಳು ಕಂಡ ತುಳುನಾಡು ಡಾ.ವಸಂತಕುಮಾರ ಪೆರ್ಲ # ರಂಗೋದ ರಂಗ್ ಸರಪಾಡಿ ಅಶೋಕ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ # ಸೋಮಶೇಖರ್ ಪುತ್ರನ್ ಯಶವಂತ ಬೋಳೂರು # ಅತ್ತಾವರ ಎಲ್ಲಪ್ಪ ಮಲಾರ್ ಜಯರಾಮ ರೈ # ಸೇಡಿಯಾಪು ಕ್ರಷ್ಣ ಭಟ್ ಡಾ.ಯೋಗೀಶ್ ಕೈರೋಡಿ # ಎಂ. ಲೋಕಯ್ಯ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ ಉಮೇಶ್ ಕೆ.ಆರ್ # ಡಾ. ವಿ.ಎಸ್ ಆಚಾರ್ಯ ಡಾ.ಎಸ್.ಪದ್ಮನಾಭ ಭಟ್,ಯೆಕ್ಕಾರು # ಕೆದಂಬಾಡಿ ರಾಮಗೌಡೆ ಡಾ.ಪಾಲ್ತಾಡಿ ರಾಮಕ್ರಷ್ಣ ಆಚಾರ್ # ಜೋಕುಲೆ ಸಂಚಿ ಕುದ್ಕಾಡಿ ವಿಶ್ವನಾಥ ರೈ # ಮಾಯಂದಾಲ್(ಇ) ಯಶವಂತಿ ಎಸ್ ಸುವರ್ಣ # ಲಿಪಿ ಶಿಲ್ಪ ಅತ್ತಾವರ ಅನಂತಾಚಾರ್ಯೆರ್ ಡಾ.ಪಾಲ್ತಾಡಿ ರಾಮಕ್ರಷ್ಣ ಆಚಾರ್ # ತುಳು ಕುಮಾರವ್ಯಾಸ ಬಾರತೊ ಎಸ್.ದೇವೇಂದ್ರ ಪೆಜತ್ತಾಯ # ವೀರರಾಣಿ ಅಬ್ಬಕ್ಕ ದೇವಿ ಪ್ರೊ. ಅಮೃತ ಸೋಮೇಶ್ವರ # ತುಳು ರಂಗ ನಾಟಕೊಲು ತುಳು ಗೊಂಚಿಲ್ ನಾಟಕ-1 (ಸಂ) ದಾಮೋದರ ಬಿ.ಬಂಗೇರ, ಕದ್ರಿ ನವನೀತ ಶೆಟ್ಟೆ # ತುಳು ಗೊಂಚಿಲ್ ನಾಟಕ-2 (ಸಂ)ದಾಮೋದರ ಬಿ.ಬಂಗೇರ, ಕದ್ರಿ ನವನೀತ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ # ತುಳು ವಿಕ್ರಮಾರ್ಕ ಕಥೆ ಡಾ.ಎಂ.ಎಸ್. ದುರ್ಗಾಪ್ರವೀಣ್, ಬೆನೆಟ್ ಜಿ.ಅಮ್ಮನ್ನ # ಪುಟ್ಟಣ್ಣ ಶೆಟ್ರ್ ಎನ್.ಪಿ.ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ, ಮುಲ್ಕಿ # ಬಾಸೆಲ್ ಮಿಶನರಿಗಳ ತುಳು ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿ ಡಾ.ಎಂ.ಎಸ್. ದುರ್ಗಾಪ್ರವೀಣ್, ಬೆನೆಟ್ ಜಿ.ಅಮ್ಮನ್ನ (ಸಂ.) # ತುಳು ಕೆಲಿಂಜ ಬಾರತೊ ಕೆಲಿಂಜ ಸೀತಾರಾಮ ಆಳ್ವ # ಸಂತಕವಿ ಕನಕದಾಸೆರ್ ಆತ್ರಾಡಿ ಅಮ್ರತಾ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ(ತುಳು) ಡಾ. ಚಿಕ್ಕಮಗಳೂರು ಗಣೇಶ(ಕನ್ನಡ) # ತುಳುನಾಡ ಇತಿಹಾಸ # ಮಾರಿಗಿಡಪ್ಪುಲೆ ಮನು ಇಡ್ಯಾ # ಆನಂದ ಶೆಟ್ರ್ ಬಿ.ಚಂದ್ರಾವತಿ ರೈ # ಕೋಟಿಚೆನ್ನಯ(ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಸ್) (ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್) ಶಂಕರ ನಾರಾಯಣ ದೂಜ ಪೂಜಾರಿ(ಮೂಲ: ಡಾ. ವಾಮನ ನಂದಾವರ) # ಕಯ್ಯಾರ ಕಿಞ್ಞಣ್ಣ ರೈ- ಮರೆಪ್ಪೆರಾವಂದಿ ತುಳುವೆರ್ ರೂಪಕಲಾ ಆಳ್ವ # ಅಮ್ಮೆಂಬಳ ಬಾಳಪ್ಪ-ಮರೆಪ್ಪೆರಾವಂದಿ ತುಳುವೆರ್ ಡಿ.ಎಂ.ಕುಲಾಲ್ # ಕೆ.ಎನ್ ಟೇಲರ್-ಮರೆಪ್ಪೆರಾವಂದಿ ತುಳುವೆರ್ ಪ್ರೊ.ಡಿ.ವೇದಾವತಿ, ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ ಜಯಶೀಲ # Barkuru-A Metropolitan city of Antiquity its history and culture ಬಿ.ವಸಂತ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ # Spirit Possession and other culture ಶಂಕರ ನಾರಾಯಣ ದೂಜ ಪೂಜಾರಿ # ಕ್ರಷಿ ಸಂಸ್ಕ್ರತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕರಾವಳಿಯ ಮಹಿಳೆ ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ ಜ್ಯೋತಿ ಚೇಳ್ಯಾರು # ತುಳು ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಒಂದು ಅಧ್ಯಯನ, ಅರವಿಂದ ಬಿಜೈ # ತುಳು ಜನಪದ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಡಾ.ಸುಂದರ ಕೇನಾಜೆ # ತುಳುವರ ಕ್ರಷಿ ಆರಾಧನಾ ಸಂಸ್ಕ್ರತಿ # "ಪೂಕರೆ ಆಚರಣೆ" ಮತ್ತು ಸಮಾಜ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಹರೀಶ್ ಆಳ್ವ # ತುಳು ನಾಡ ಸಂಸ್ಕ್ರತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ನಲ್ಕೆ ಯಾನೆ # ಅಜಿಲ ಜನಾಂಗದ ಪಾತ್ರ ಬಿ.ಎ.ಲೋಕಯ್ಯ ಶಿಶಿಲ # ತುಳು ತಿಟ್ಟು ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ ಸ್ವರೂಪ-ಸಾಧ್ಯತೆ ಡಾ. ಯೋಗೀಶ ಕೈರೋಡಿ # ಐತಿಹ್ಯಗಳು ಕಟ್ಟಿ ಕೊಡುವ ತುಳು ನಾಡಿನ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಡಾ.ಧನಂಜಯ ಕುಂಬ್ಳೆ # ಕಯ್ಯಾರೆರ್ನನ ಕಬಿತೆಗಳು (ಸಂ) ರಘು ಇಡ್ಕಿದು # ನಗುಬಗೆಯ ಕಿರುಕತೆಗಳು(ಕ) ಡಾ.ವಾಮನ ನಂದಾವರ # ನಗುಬಗೆಯ ಕಿರುಕತೆಗಳು(ಇÀ) ಪ್ರೊ.ಸೌರಬ್.ಆರ್.ಚಿಪಲ್ಲೂನ್ಕರ್ # ನಗುಬಗೆಯ ಕಿರುಕತೆಗಳು(ಹಿ) ಡಾ. ಸ್ಮಿತ ಚಿಪಲ್ಲೂನ್ಕರ್ # ನಗುಬಗೆಯ ಕಿರುಕತೆಗಳು(ತು) ಡಾ.ವಾಮನ ನಂದಾವರ # ಕಬಿತೆ 2017 ಡಾ.ವಸಂತಕುಮಾರ ಪೆರ್ಲ # ತುಳು ಬಾಸೆದ ತಿರ್ಲ್( ತುಳು ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ) ಕೆ.ಟಿ.ಆಳ್ವ, ಚಂದ್ರಹಾಸ ಕಣಂತೂರು # ಜೋಕುಲೆ ಸಂಚಿ # Moon Light is Very Hot. ಪ್ರೊ. ಸುರೇಂದ್ರ ರಾವ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ, ಡಾ.ಚಿನ್ನಪ್ಪ ಗೌಡ # ಗಂದಸಾಲೆ ಭಾಸ್ಕರ ರೈ ಕುಕ್ಕುವಳ್ಳಿ (ಸಂ) # ಕರ್ವಾಲೋ ಡಾ.ನರೇಂದ್ರ ರೈ ದೇರ್ಲ (ಅನು) ಲೇಖಕರು: ಕೆ.ಪಿ.ಪೂರ್ಣಚಂದ್ರ ತೇಜಸ್ವಿ # ತುಳು ಅಧ್ಯಾತ್ಮ ರಾಮಾಯಣ ಣೆಸ್.ನಾರಾಯಣ ಗವಳ್ಕರ್ # ಪಡವುದಪ್ಪೆನ ಪಾರ್ದನ ಡಾ.ಕೆ.ಎಂ ರಾಘವ ನಂಬಿಯಾರ್ # ಸಂತ ಶಿಶುನಾಳ ಶರೀಪೆರ್ನ ತತ್ವಪದೊಕುಲು ಎಸ್.ದೇವೇಂದ್ರ ಪೆಜತ್ತಾಯ # ಸಿರಿ ಕಾವ್ಯಲೋಕನ ,ಅಶೋಕ ಆಳ್ವ # ತುಳುವರ ನಾಡು-ನುಡಿ, ಸಚ್ಚಿದಾನಂದ ಹೆಗ್ಡೆ # ಶಿಕಾರಿ, ಮೂಲ: ತುಳು ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ ಲಲಿತಾ ರೈ (ಅನು) ಪ್ರಮೀಳಾ ಮಾಧವ್ # ತುಳುನಾಟಕ ಪರಂಪರೆ, ಮುದ್ದು ಮೂಡುಬೆಳ್ಳೆ # ತುಳು ಲಿಪಿ ಪರಿಚಯ, ರಾಧಾಕೃಷ್ಣ ಬೆಳ್ಳೂರು == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ತುಳುನಾಡ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಲು]] jv2nhmo4mcnfjadu82j022jscdnt9ee 0 3782 366797 366201 2026-08-24T00:08:22Z InternetArchiveBot 4316 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 366797 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ''' [[ತುಳುನಾಡ್|ತುಲುನಾಡ್‍]]ದ ಆನ್ ಬೂತೊ. ಅಣ್ಣೆ ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ ತಂಗಡಿ [[ಕಲ್ಲುರ್ಟಿ]]. ಮೊಕುಲು ಇರ್ವೆರ್ ಒಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಆರಾಧನೆ ಪಡೆವೊನುವೆರ್. ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ [[ಭೂತಾರಾಧನೆ|ಭೂತೊ]]ಲೆಡ್ ಪ್ರಮುಖವಾಯಿ ಭೂತೊ. ಪ್ರದಾನವಾದ್ ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ ಒರಿ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ. ಇಂಬ್ಯನ್ ಬೀರ ಕಲ್ಕುಡೇಂದ್ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಇಂಬ್ಯನ ಅಮ್ಮೆ ಸಂಬು ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ, ಮಲ್ಲ ಸಿಲ್ಪಿ. ಬೆಳಗೊಳದ ಗೊಮ್ಮಟನ್ ಕೆತ್ತುವೆ. ಮಲ್ಲ ಕೆತ್ತನೆದ ಬೇಲೆನೇ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆ. ಆಂಡ ಈ ಕೆತ್ತನೆಡ್ ಆಯ ಮಗೆ ಆಯಿನ ಬೀರ ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆನೇ ದೊಸೊ ತೋಜಾಬೆ. ಇಂದೆಡ್ದಾದ್ ಅಮ್ಮೆ ಅವಮಾನೊಡು ಸಯಿಪೆ. ಬುಕೊ ಮಗೆನೇ ಅಮ್ಮನ ಕೆಲಸೊನು ಮುಂದುವರಿಸಾವೆ. ಬೈರರಸನ ಲೆಪ್ಪುಗು ಕಾರ್ಲಗ್ ಬತ್ತ್ ದ್ ಕಾರ್ಲಡ್ ಗೊಮ್ಮಟನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆ. ಇಂದೆನ್ ತೂದು ಕುಸಿ ಆಯಿನ ಬೈರರಸೆ ಎಲ್ಲೆ ಎನ್ನ ಅರಮನೆಡ್ ನಿಕ್ಕ್ ಸೇಜಪಾಲ್ ಕೊರ್ಪೆಂದ್ ಲೆಪುಡಾವೆ. ಅಲ್ಪ ನನ ದುಂಬುಗು ಬೇತೆ ಏರೆನಲ್ಪಲಾ ಈಂಚಿತ್ತಿ ಪೊರ್ಲುದ ಕೆತ್ತನೆದ ಕೆಲಸೊ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯೆರೆ ಬಲ್ಲಿಂದ್ ಕಲ್ಕುಡನ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಯಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾರ್ ಕಡ್ಪುವೆ. ಬೀರ ಕಲ್ಕುಡನ ತಂಗಡಿ ಕಲ್ಲುರ್ಟಿ(ಕಾಳಮ್ಮ) ಪಲಯನ್ ನಾಡೊಂದು ಬತ್ತ್ ದ್ ಅಣ್ಣನ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ ತೂದು ಪ್ರಾಣ ದೆತೊಂದು ಮಾಯಕ ಆದ್ ಬಯಿರರಸಗ್ ತೊಂದರೆ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. [[File:KALKUDA nema.jpg|thumb|ಕಲ್ಕುಡನ ನೇಮ]] == ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ ಬೂತೊದ ವಿದೊ == # ಅನ್ನರ ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ # ಆದೂರು ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ<ref>{{cite web | title=ಆದೂರು ಕಲ್ಲುರ್ಟಿ-ಕಲ್ಕುಡ ದೈವಕ್ಕೆ ಆಟಿಯಲ್ಲೇ ಕೋಲ! | url=http://vijaykarnataka.indiatimes.com/articleshow/15464342.cms?prtpage=1 }}</ref> # ಸುಳ್ಯತಾ ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ. # ಪುತ್ತೂರು ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ. [[File:KALKUDA KOLA 2.jpg|thumb|ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ]] == ಪುದರ್ ದ ಮೂಲ == '''ಕಲ್ಕುಡ''' ಪದೊ "ಕಲ್ಲ್" ಬುಕ್ಕ "ಕುಡ/ಕುಟ್ಟು" ಪದೊಲುಂಡ ಒಟ್ಟಾದ್ ಬತ್ತಿನೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. ಕಲ್ಲ್ ಕೆತ್ತುನ, ಶಿಲ್ಪಕಲೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಜನಕುಲದೊಡನೆ ಈ ದೈವೊನ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಉಂಡು ಪಂದ್ ಜನಪದ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. == ಪುರಾಣ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಐತಿಹ್ಯ == ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆನ ಪುರಾಣೊ ತುಳುನಾಡ್ದ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ದೈವಕಥೆಲೆ ಒಂಜಿ. ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ ಒರಿ ಅದ್ಭುತ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಆಯಿನೆ. ಇಂಬೆನ ಅಮ್ಮೆ '''ಸಂಬು ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ''' (ಮಲ್ಲ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ) ಬೆಳಗೊಳದ ಗೊಮ್ಮಟೇಶ್ವರ ಮೂರ್ತಿನ ಕೆತ್ತನೆಡ್ ಪಾಲ್ಗೊಂಡಿನೆ ಪಂದ್ ಐತಿಹ್ಯ ಉಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web | title=ಇವರು 'ಮಾತನಾಡುವ ಕಲ್ಕುಡ' ! Beeru Panara – Avinash Kamath's Offical Website | url=https://avinashkamath.in/talking-kalkuda-beeru-panara/ }}</ref> ಅಮ್ಮೆನ ಮರಣಾನಂತರ ಮಗೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ ಶಿಲ್ಪಕಲೆಡ್ ಅಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಪಾಂಡಿತ್ಯ ತೋರಾಯಿನೆ. ಬೈರರಸ (ಬೈರ ಅರಸ) ಎನ್ನ ರಾಜನ ಆಹ್ವಾನೊಡನೆ ಕಾರ್ಲ ಪ್ರದೇಶಡ್ ಭವ್ಯ ಶಿಲ್ಪಕೆಲಸೊನು ಮಲ್ಪುವೆ. ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆನ ಶಿಲ್ಪಕಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರತಿಭೆ ತೂದು ರಾಜಗ್ ಅಸೂಯೆ ಉಂಡಾಯಿನೆ ಪಂದ್ ಕಥೆ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಅಸೂಯೆಡ್ ರಾಜ ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ಕೈ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾರ್ ಕಡ್ಪುನ ಶಿಕ್ಷೆ ಕೊರ್ಪೆ. ಗಂಭೀರ ಗಾಯೊದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ ಸೈತು ಪೋಪೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kannada.news18.com/news/astrology/dakshina-kannada-interesting-story-of-tulunada-karanika-daiva-rks-cgl-local18-1996828.html |title=Dakshina Kannada: ಕಲ್ಲೇಗದ ಕಲ್ಕುಡ-ಕಲ್ಲುರ್ಟಿ ದೈವಗಳ ವೈಭವದ ನೇಮೋತ್ಸವ! |accessdate=2026-08-21 |website=kannada.news18.com |language=kn |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250215100627/https://kannada.news18.com/news/astrology/dakshina-kannada-interesting-story-of-tulunada-karanika-daiva-rks-cgl-local18-1996828.html |archivedate=2025-02-15 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ಉಂದೆನ್ ತೂದು ತಂಗಡಿ ಕಲ್ಲುರ್ಟಿ ದುಃಖ ಬತ್ತುದು ಪ್ರಾಣ ತ್ಯಾಗ ಮಲ್ಪುವಲ್. ಅಣ್ಣೆ–ತಂಗಡಿ ಆತ್ಮೊಲು ದೈವಸ್ವರೂಪೊ ದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಪ್ರಕಟವಾದ್ ಅನ್ಯಾಯ ಮಲ್ಪಿನಕಲೆಗ್ ಶಿಕ್ಷೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸತ್ಯವಂತರೆಗ್ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. == ಕಾರಣಿಕ ದೈವೊ == ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ ತುಳುನಾಡ್ದ '''ಕಾರಣಿಕ ದೈವೊ'''ಲೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಪಂದ್ ಪರಿಗಣನೆ ಉಂಡು. ಕಾರಣಿಕ ಅರ್ಥ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಸೂಚನೆ ಅತ್ತಂಡು ದೈವಿಕ ಸಂದೇಶ. ನೇಮ, ಕೋಲೊಲೆ ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ ದೈವೊ ಕೊರ್ಪುನ ನುಡಿ, ಸಂದೇಶ, ಸೂಚನೆಲು ಗ್ರಾಮೊಲೆ ಜನೊಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಗೌರವೊದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸ್ವೀಕಾರ ಮನ್ಪುವೆರ್. == ಆರಾಧನೆ == ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ–ಕಲ್ಲುರ್ಟಿ ದೈವೊಲು ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡ, ಉಡುಪಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾಸರಗೋಡು ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದ ಅನೇಕ ದೈವಸ್ಥಾನೊಲೆ ಆರಾಧನೆ ಪಡೆವೆರ್. ಬಂಟ, ಬಿಲ್ಲವ, ಮೊಗವೀರ, ಪರವ, ಪಂಬಡ ಅಂಚಿನೋ ಏತೋ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲು ಮೊಕ್ಲೆನ ಆರಾಧನೆ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ನೇಮ, ಕೋಲ, ತಂಬಿಲ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕ ಜಾತ್ರೆಲೆ ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ ಆರಾಧನೆ ನಡಾಪುಂಡು. ದೈವೊ ಭಕ್ತೆರೆಗ್ ನ್ಯಾಯ, ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಶೀರ್ವಾದ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. == ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರೊಲು == * ಅನ್ನರ ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ * ಆದೂರು ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ * ಸುಳ್ಯದ ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ * ಪುತ್ತೂರ್ದ ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ * ಕಡಬುದ ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ * ಕಲ್ಲೇಗ್ ಕಲ್ಕುಡ ದೈವಸ್ಥಾನ == ದೈವೊದ ಗುಣಧರ್ಮೊಲು == * ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಬುಕ್ಕ ಕಾರಿಗರರೆನ ರಕ್ಷಕ ದೈವೊ * ನ್ಯಾಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸತ್ಯೊದ ಸಂಕೇತ * ಅನ್ಯಾಯೊದೊಟ್ಟು ಸೈತುದು ವೀರಪುರುಷೆ ಆದ್ ದೈವೀಕರಣ * ಕಾರಣಿಕ ನುಡಿ ಕೊರ್ಪುನ ದೈವೊ * ಅಣ್ಣೆ–ತಂಗಡಿ ಭಕ್ತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕುಟುಂಬ ಬಾಂಧವ್ಯೊದ ಪ್ರತೀಕ == ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ–ಕಲ್ಲುರ್ಟಿ ಕೋಲ == ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ ಕೋಲೊಲೆ ದೈವ ಪಾತ್ರಿ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟ ಅಲಂಕಾರ, ಮುಖವರ್ಣಿಕೆ ಬುಕ್ಕ ಆಯುಧೊಡನೆ ಕಾಣೆರ್. ಕೋಲೊಲೆ ದೈವೊ ಭಕ್ತೆರೆನ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆಲೆ ಉತ್ತರ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್, ವಿವಾದೊಲು ಪರಿಹಾರ ಮಲ್ಪೆರ್ ಬುಕ್ಕ ಆಶೀರ್ವಾದ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. ಕಲ್ಲುರ್ಟಿ ಪಾತ್ರಿ ಸ್ತ್ರೀಶಕ್ತಿ, ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬುಕ್ಕ ಧೈರ್ಯೊದ ಪ್ರತೀಕ ಆಯಿನೆ. == ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಮಹತ್ವ == ಕಲ್ಕುಡೆ–ಕಲ್ಲುರ್ಟಿ ತುಳುನಾಡ್ದ ಜನಪದ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ, ಪಾಡ್ದನ, ದೈವಕಥೆ, ಯಕ್ಷಗಾನ ಪ್ರಸಂಗ ಬುಕ್ಕ ಭೂತಾರಾಧನೆ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆ ಮಹತ್ವದ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಪಡೆದುಂಡು. ಮೊಕುಲು ತುಳುನಾಡ್ದ ನ್ಯಾಯ, ವೀರತೆ, ಶಿಲ್ಪಕಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜನಪದ ನಂಬಿಕೆಲೆ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಪೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://buntsnow.com/archives/12670 |title=ಕಲ್ಲುರ್ಟಿ ಮತ್ತು ಕಲ್ಕುಡ ಕಥೆ |date=7 November 2023 |accessdate=2026-08-21 |website=www.buntsnow.com {{!}} web-based media For Bunts Community |last=Now |first=Bunts |language=en-US}}</ref> == ಪಿದಾಯಿದ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * https://avinashkamath.in/talking-kalkuda-beeru-panara/ * https://buntsnow.com/archives/12670 * https://web.archive.org/web/20241125194130/https://kannada.news18.com/news/astrology/kadambu-is-famous-for-this-reason-in-dakshina-kannada-rks-cgl-local18-1928027.html * https://web.archive.org/web/20250215100627/https://kannada.news18.com/news/astrology/dakshina-kannada-interesting-story-of-tulunada-karanika-daiva-rks-cgl-local18-1996828.html * https://puttur.suddinews.com/ == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ತುಳುನಾಡ್ದ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಭೂತೊಲು]] qzd2rhrw3ydf2npqi2p2uurh89jiaqj 4 4774 366791 365655 2026-08-23T22:52:25Z MABot 170 Bot: Archiving 1 thread (30 ದಿನೊಕುಲು ಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಹಳೆಯ) to [[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಚಾವಡಿ ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊ/2026]] 366791 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ಚಾವಡಿ ಪುಟೊ header|ಪಾತೆರಕತೆ|alpha=yes|'''ಚಾವಡಿ''' [[ತುಳು ಬಾಸೆ|ತುಳು]] ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯೊನೀತಿಲೆನ ಬಗೆಟ್, ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ದೋಸೊಲೆನ ಬಗೆಟ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ಕೆಲಸೊ ಕಾರ್ಯೊಲೆನ ಬಗೆಟ್ ಪಟ್ಟಾಂಗ ಪಾಡುನ ಮೀಚಿಲ್ ಪುಟೊ. *ಸಾದ್ಯೊ ಆಯಿನಾತ್ ಲೇಕನೊಲೆಗ್ ಸಂಬಂದಿಸಯಿನ ಪಟ್ಟಾಂಗೊಲೆನ್ ಅವ್ವೇ ಲೇಕನೊದ ಪಟ್ಟಾಂಗೊ ಪುಟೊಡು ಸೇರಾಲೆ. *ಅವ್ವೇ ಲೇಕನೊದ ಪಟ್ಟಾಂಗೊ ಪುಟೊಡು ಲೇಕನೊಗು ಸೇರಾಯರ ಬೋಡಾಯಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿದ ಬಗೆಟ್ ಅಯಿತ ಮಿತ್ತ್‌ಡ್ ಆವೊಡಾಪುನ ಬೇಲೆದ ಬಗೆಟ್ ಬರೆದ್ ದೀಡ್‍ಲೆ. *ಇತ್ತೇ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‌ಲೆನ್ ಸಾದ್ಯೊ ಆಯಿನಾತ್ ಗಲಸ್‍ಲೆ. ಪೊಸ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‍ಲೆನ್ ಸೇರಾಪುನೆಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬು ಒರೊ ನಾಡ್‍ದ್ ತೂಲೆ. *ಇಸೇಸೊ ಪುಟೊಲೆನ್ ಸಾದ್ಯೊ ಆಯಿನಾತ್ ಗಲಸ್‍ಲೆ. ಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ಅಪ್ಲೋಡ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಬಗೆಟ್ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಪಾಲಿಸಿಲೆನ್ (ಕಾರ್ಯೊನೀತಿಲೆನ್)‌ ತಯಾರ್ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡಾತೆ. *ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಸ್ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯೊಡ್ದ್ ಚಿತ್ರೊಗಾತ್ರೊ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಲೈಸೆನ್ಸ್‌ಲೆನ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‌ಲೆನ್ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯೊಡು ನಕಲ್ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡು. ಆಸಕ್ತಿ ಇತ್ತಿನಕುಲು ದುಂಬುಗು ಬತ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆವೊನ್ಲೆ. |ವಿಪಿ:ಚಾ|WP:VPPOL}} {{Archive box| {{Search box|root=ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಚಾವಡಿ|search-width=20|search-button-label=ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊಡ್ ನಾಡ್ಲೆ|search-break=yes}} *[[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಚಾವಡಿ ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊ|ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ತ ಚಾವಡಿದ ಪಾತೆರಕತೆತ ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊ]] }} __NEWSECTIONLINK__ __TOC__<div id="below_toc"></div> [[Category:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಚಾವಡಿ]] [[Category:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಲೇಸ್‍ಲು]] {{ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MABot/config |archive = ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಚಾವಡಿ ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊ/%(year)d |algo = old(30d) |counter = 1 |archiveheader = |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 2 |key = c8ef14985778fd1d5adc8ebcf551ddce }}</noinclude> <!-- Please do not change the key value above --> <!--- don't write above/ಈ ಮಿತ್ತುಡ್ ಒವ್ವೆ ಬರವು ಬರೆವೊಡ್ಚಿ ---> {{clear}} == Invitation to Participate in Kerala Culture Month 2026 == Dear Wikimedia Contributors, We are excited to announce '''[[m:Kerala_Culture_Month_2026|Kerala Culture Month 2026]]''', a collaborative campaign launched in conjunction with '''[[m:WikiConference_India_2026|WikiConference India 2026]]'''. This initiative aims to expand and enhance content about Kerala across all Wikimedia projects, creating a comprehensive, open-access knowledge base. '''Campaign Focus:''' * Expand Wikipedia articles about Kerala in multiple languages * Improve content quality with citations, images, and comprehensive information * Populate Wikimedia Commons with freely licensed Kerala media * Enrich Wikidata with structured information about Kerala-related topics We invite you to contribute by writing new articles, enhancing existing ones, uploading media, or organizing data on Wikidata. Whether you're an experienced editor or new to Wikimedia, your participation matters. For more information and to get involved, visit the campaign page: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kerala_Culture_Month_2026 on your preferred Wikimedia project. Best regards, ''Communications Team, WCI 2026'' -- [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kuldeepburjbhalaike|Kuldeepburjbhalaike]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kuldeepburjbhalaike|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೭:೧೫, ೨೬ ಜುಲಾಯಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == ವಿಕಿ ಕಾನ್ಫರೆನ್ಸ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾದ 2026ದ ಪ್ರಿ ಕಾನ್ಫರೆನ್ಸ್‌ದ ಲೆಕ್ಕೊಡು ಲೇಖನ, ವಿಕಿಡಾಟ ಸ್ಪರ್ಧೆ ಆಯೋಜನೆ == ಈ ಸ್ಪರ್ಧೆಡ್ ಮಾತೆರ್ಲಾ ಪಾಲ್‌ದೆತೊನ್ಲೆ. *[[ಕೇರಳ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ತಿಂಗೊಳು 2026]]--[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Vinoda mamatharai|Vinoda mamatharai]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Vinoda mamatharai|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೦೯:೨೮, ೨೭ ಜುಲಾಯಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == Wiki Intership Program in Kannada- Tulu Languages == <div style="width: 95%; padding: 0.5em; border: 5px solid transparent; border-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, #ccc, #ccc 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 3px) 1; margin-bottom: 1em; font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"> <hr style="border: none; height: 5px; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, #ccc, #ccc 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 3px);" /> [[File:KLW-wiki-kn.svg|40px|link=https://klw-2024-25.toolforge.org/]] '''ಕನ್ನಡ–ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಲರ್ನ್ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಶಿಪ್ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ''' <hr style="border: none; height: 5px; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, #ccc, #ccc 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 3px);" /> English:'''[[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program|Kannada–Tulu WikiLearn Internship Program]]''' is a structured capacity-building initiative based on the 7-week WikiLearn course, where selected interns participate in creating new articles, improving existing articles, proofreading Wikisource pages, creating and enhancing Wikidata items, uploading media files to Commons on Kannada, Tulu Wikipedia, and Wikisource through project-based learning over a 45-day to 3-month period with weekly mentoring and progress check-ins, and successful participants are awarded certificates and community recognition. For more information check this [[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program]] page. Kannada:'''[[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program|ಕನ್ನಡ–ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಲರ್ನ್ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಶಿಪ್ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ]]'''ವು ೭-ವಾರಗಳ ವಿಕಿಲರ್ನ್ ಕೋರ್ಸ್ ಅನ್ನು ಆಧರಿಸಿದ ರಚನಾತ್ಮಕ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ-ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಉಪಕ್ರಮವಾಗಿದ್ದು, ಆಯ್ಕೆಯಾದ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಗಳು ಕನ್ನಡ, ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಮತ್ತು ವಿಕಿಸೋರ್ಸ್ಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಹೊಸ ಲೇಖನಗಳನ್ನು ರಚಿಸುವುದು, ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಲೇಖನಗಳನ್ನು ಸುಧಾರಿಸುವುದು, ವಿಕಿಸೋರ್ಸ್ ಪುಟಗಳನ್ನು ಪ್ರೂಫ್‌ರೀಡ್ ಮಾಡುವುದು, ವಿಕಿಡೇಟಾ ಐಟಂಗಳನ್ನು ರಚಿಸುವುದು ಮತ್ತು ವರ್ಧಿಸುವುದು, ಕಾಮನ್ಸ್ಗೆ ಮಾಧ್ಯಮ ಫೈಲ್ಗಳನ್ನು ಅಪ್ಲೋಡ್ ಮಾಡುವುದು, ಸಾಪ್ತಾಹಿಕ ಮಾರ್ಗದರ್ಶನ ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರಗತಿ ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆಗಳೊಂದಿಗೆ ೪೫-ದಿನಗಳಿಂದ ೨-ತಿಂಗಳ ಅವಧಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಯೋಜನಾ-ಆಧಾರಿತ ಕಲಿಕೆಯ ಮೂಲಕ ಭಾಗವಹಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ, ಮತ್ತು ಯಶಸ್ವಿ ಪೂರ್ಣಗೊಳಿಸಿದವರಿಗೆ ಪ್ರಮಾಣಪತ್ರಗಳನ್ನು ನೀಡಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿಗೆ [[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program]] ಪುಟವನ್ನು ನೋಡಿ. Tulu= '''[[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program|ಕನ್ನಡ–ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಲರ್ನ್ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಶಿಪ್ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ]]''' ೭-ವಾರೊದ ವಿಕಿಲರ್ನ್ ಕೋರ್ಸ್ನ್ ಆಧಾರಿಸಾದ್ ರೂಪಿಸಾಯಿನ ರಚನಾತ್ಮಕ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ-ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಉಪಕ್ರಮೊ ಆದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು, ಆಯ್ಕೆಯಾಯಿನ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಗಳು ಕನ್ನಡ, ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿಕಿಸೋರ್ಸ್ಗಳೆಡ್ ಪೊಸ ಲೇಖನೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸುನಿ, ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವಡಿಪ್ಪುನ ಲೇಖನೊಲೆನ್ ಸುಧಾರಿಸುನಿ, ವಿಕಿಸೋರ್ಸ್ ಪುಟೊಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರೂಫ್‌ರೀಡ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನಿ, ವಿಕಿಡೇಟಾ ಐಟಂಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸುನಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವರ್ಧಿಸುನಿ, ಕಾಮನ್ಸ್ಗ್ ಮಾಧ್ಯಮ ಫೈಲ್ಗಳೆನ್ ಅಪ್ಲೋಡ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನಿ, ಸಾಪ್ತಾಹಿಕ ಮಾರ್ಗದರ್ಶನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರಗತಿ ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆಲೆನೊಟ್ಟಿಗೆ 45-ದಿನೊಡ್ದು 2-ತಿಂಗೊಲು ಅವಧಿಡ್ ಯೋಜನಾ-ಆಧಾರಿತ ಕಲಿಕೆದ ಮೂಲಕ ಭಾಗವಹಿಸುವೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾದ್ ಪೂರ್ಣಗೊಳಿಸವುನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಪ್ರಮಾಣಪತ್ರೊಲು ಕೊರ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಮಾಹಿತಿಗ್ ಈ [[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program]] ಪುಟೊನು ತೂಲೆ. }} Thank you,ಧನ್ಯವಾದಗಳು,ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು ---<span style="text-shadow: 0 0 8px silver; padding:4px; font-weight:bold; border: 2px solid blue; border-radius: 5px;">[[User:A826|A826]] · [[user_talk:A826|<big>✉</big>]] · [[Special:Contributions/A826|<big> ©</big>]]</span> ೧೦:೩೨, ೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:A826@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:A826/Kannada-Tulu_Project_talk_pages&oldid=30876200 --> :ಮೋಕೆತ ಎಡ್ಡೆಪುಲು --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|Bharathesha Alasandemajalu]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೩:೧೪, ೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == Logo change for 10th anniversary == {{tracked|T434176|resolved}} I would like to propose a logo change for our 10th anniversary celebration. The new logo will be used for a duration of three months. <gallery caption="Updated logos" widths="180px" heights="120px"> File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-tcy-10-alt.svg|WP 10 sitelogo for legacy vector skin File:WP10 Vector 2022 LOGO-tcy.svg|WP10 wordmark for vector 2022 skin File:WP10 Vector 2022 LINE-tcy.svg|WP10 tagline for vector 2022 skin </gallery> [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೪೭, ೫ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) ==== Discussion for logo update==== # i will support as proposer [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೫೦, ೫ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # Support - [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|Bharathesha Alasandemajalu]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೫೪, ೫ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # Support--[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kishore Kumar Rai|Kishore Kumar Rai]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kishore Kumar Rai|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೦:೦೧, ೬ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # I Support. This logo need Tulu Wikipedia 10th Anniversary --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Vishwanatha Badikana|Vishwanatha Badikana]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Vishwanatha Badikana|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೬:೪೩, ೬ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # Support ---[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Yakshitha|Yakshitha]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Yakshitha|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೮:೫೨, ೬ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # {{support}} --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Prajna gopal|Prajna gopal]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Prajna gopal|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೫:೪೯, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಕಾರ್ಯಪಡೆ: ಭಾರತೀಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆಗ್ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಅಗತ್ಯೊಲೆನ ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನೊ == ಮಾತರೆಗ್ಲಾ ನಮಸ್ಕಾರೊ, ಈರ್ ಮಾತ ಉಷಾರ್ ಉಲ್ಲಾರ್ ಪಂದ್ ಎನ್ನುವೊ! ಭಾರತೊದ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಬಾಸಾ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಅಗತ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ತೆರಿಯೊನೆರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಹಕಾರೊನ್ ಬಲಪಡುಪಾಯೆರೆ [[m:Indic_MediaWiki_Developers_User_Group|Indic MediaWiki Developers User Group]] (IMDUG) ಭಾರತೊದಾದ್ಯಂತೊ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ವಿಕಿಮೀಡಿಯಾ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಸಂಪರ್ಕೊ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ಂಡ್. ಕಳೆದ ವರ್ಸೊ, ರಡ್ಡ್ ಬಾಸಾ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕೆಲಸೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸವಾಲುಲೆನ್ ಅರ್ಥೊ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದು ಸಹಕಾರೊದ ಅವಕಾಶೊಲೆನ್ ಗುರುತಿಸೆರೆ ನಮ [[m:Indic_Community_Task_Force_2025|Indic Community Task Force 2025]] ಸೌಲಭ್ಯೊನ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಇತ್ತೊ. ನಮಕ್ ತಿಕ್ಕಿನ ಅನುಭವೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಲಹೆಲೆನ ಆಧಾರೊದ ಮಿತ್ತ್, ಮಾತಾ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ತಲುಪೆರೆ ಈ ವರ್ಸೊ ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಯನ್ ವಿಸ್ತರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದು ಉಲ್ಲೊ. ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಸಮುದಾಯೊನ್ ತಲುಪುನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಓಲು ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್ ಅಗತ್ಯೊ ಉಂಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅರ್ಥೊ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ ನಮ್ಮ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊ. === ನಮಕ್ ದಾದ ಬೋಡು? === ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊರ್ದು ಒರಿ ಅತ್ತಂಡ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಲೆನ್ ನಾಮನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ತಿರ್ತ್‌ದ ವಿವರೊಲೆನ್ ಪಟ್ಟೊನೆರೆ ಲೆಪ್ಪೊಲು ಕೊರ್ಪೊ: * ಈರೆನ ವಿಕಿಮೀಡಿಯಾ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಪುದರ್. * ಪ್ರಾಥಮಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪರ್ಯಾಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ. * ನಾಮನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಆಯಿನ ಸಂಪರ್ಕಿತರೆನ ಟೆಲಿಗ್ರಾಮ್ ಯೂಸರ್ ನೇಮ್. * ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸವಾಲುಲು, ಅಗತ್ಯೊಲು ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಆದ್ಯತೆಲೆನ ಸಂಕ್ಷಿಪ್ತ ವಿವರೊ. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಈ ತಿರ್ತ್‌ದ ವಿಷಯೊಲು ಸೇರ್ದಿಪ್ಪೊಲಿ: * ಎಡಿಟ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಗಸ್ತು (patrolling) ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಸರಿ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡಾಯಿನ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು. * ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಗ್ ಬೋಡಾಯಿನ ಗ್ಯಾಜೆಟ್‌ಲು, ಟೂಲ್‌ಲು ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಬಾಟ್‌ಲು. * ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಇಂಟರ್ಫೇಸ್‌ಗ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಿಸಾಯಿನ ಸವಾಲುಲು. * ಕೊಡುಗೆದಾರರೆಗ್ ಎದುರಾಪಿನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಅಡೆತಡೆಲು. * ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಬೇರೆ ವಾವುದೇ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಆದ್ಯತೆಲು. === ಭಾಗವಹಿಸುನೆ ಎಂಚ === ದಯವಿತ್ತ್ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಪ್ರತಿಕ್ರಿಯೆ [[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhpPdn0qgHkEiYZCXEumpV-WNWm6n8bZdfR6TIkGTcbuBOew/viewform?usp=dialog](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhpPdn0qgHkEiYZCXEumpV-WNWm6n8bZdfR6TIkGTcbuBOew/viewform?usp=dialog) form] ನ '''೧೮ ಆಗಸ್ಟ್'''ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ದಿಂಜಲೆ. ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಗ್ ಇಷ್ಟೊ ಇತ್ತೆಂಡ, ಈ ಸಂದೇಶೊಗು ನೇರವಾದ್ ಮರುಉತ್ತರೊ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರೆಲಾ ಈರೆಗ್ ಸ್ವಾಗತೊ. === ದುಂಬುಗ್ ದಾದ ಆಪುಂಡು? === ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸಾಯಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿಲು ನಮಕ್ ಉಂದೆಕ್ ಸಾಯೊ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು: * ದುಂಬುದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸಹಕಾರೊಗ್ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಸಂಪರ್ಕಿತರೆನ ನೆಟ್‌ವರ್ಕ್ ತಯಾರ್ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ. * ಭಾರತೀಯ ವಿಕಿಮೀಡಿಯಾ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಅಗತ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ಅರ್ಥೊ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದು ಆದ್ಯತೆ ಕೊರೆರೆ. * ಗಮನೊ ಕೇಂದ್ರೀಕರಿಸಾಯಿನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಯೋಜನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ. * ಸೂಕ್ತವಾಯಿನ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಡೆವಲಪರ್ಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಯೋಜನೆಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸಂಪರ್ಕೊ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ. ಈರ್ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಪಟ್ಟಿನ್ ನಮ ಜಾಗ್ರತೆಡ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆ ಮಲ್ಪುವುವೊ, ಆಂಡ ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನವು ಕೋರಿಕೆದ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣತೆ, ಯೂಸರ್ ಗ್ರೂಪ್‌ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಶಕ್ತಿ, ಸ್ವಯಂಸೇವಕರೆನ ಸಮಯೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲಭ್ಯವಿಪ್ಪುನ ಸಂಪನ್ಮೂಲೊಲೆನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಆಧಾರಿತವಾದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮಾತ ಕೋರಿಕೆನ್ ತಕ್ಷಣೊ ಸರಿ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯೊ ಆಯಿಜಿಂಡಲಾ, ಸಾಧ್ಯವಾಯಿನಷ್ಟು ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಅಗತ್ಯೊಲೆಗ್ ಆದ್ಯತೆ ಕೊರ್ದು ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೂಕ್ತವಾಯಿನ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ಸೂಕ್ತ ಡೆವಲಪರ್‌ಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸಂಪರ್ಕೊ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಮಾತ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನೊ ಮಲ್ಪುವುವೊ. ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕೈಜೋಡಿಸಾದ್ ಕೆಲಸೊ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಕಾತೊಂದು ಉಲ್ಲೊ! '''Best wishes,''' ''On behalf of the Indic MediaWiki Developers User Group (IMDUG)'' == Proposal: Standardizing Latin Digits for Dates, Times, and Math Calculations in Tulu Wikipedia == {{Tracked|T435117|open}} Hello everyone, I am writing in reference to [[Special:Permalink/363637#ತುಳುಟು ಅಂಕೆನ್ ಗಳಸುನ ಬಗೆಟ್]] to support the proposal regarding the usage of Latin digits (0, 1, 2, 3...) alongside or in place of Kannada digits (೦, ೧, ೨, ೩...) on Tulu Wikipedia. Standardizing Latin digits for specific technical areas provides several practical benefits: * '''Mathematical Calculations:''' Simplifies formulas, equations, and technical data display. * '''Dates & Times:''' Improves compatibility with automated templates, timestamps, and system functions. * '''Readability & Search:''' Makes content easier to search and navigate for broader audiences across different platforms. I strongly support implementing this change where necessary to improve Wikipedia's technical functionality while maintaining the linguistic integrity of Tulu content. Please share your thoughts and join the discussion! [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೧:೨೪, ೧೦ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) ===discussion/support=== # Support ---[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|Bharathesha Alasandemajalu]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೦೫, ೧೦ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # I suggest the use of Indo Arabic digits (0,1,2,3,..) etc. in Infoboxes, mathematical formulas, etc., and use of Kannada digits (೦,೧,೨,೩,..) also in article texts. -[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Pavanaja|ಪವನಜ ಯು. ಬಿ.]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Pavanaja|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೦:೪೨, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # Support. Tulu language numerals use the Kannada script. However, it would be better to use English numerals in Tulu writing. While English numerals are used across all templates, Kannada numbers are getting mixed into the middle during translation. For now, let Tulu use English numerals. --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Vishwanatha Badikana|Vishwanatha Badikana]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Vishwanatha Badikana|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೧:೦೨, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) #{{support}} --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Prajna gopal|Prajna gopal]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Prajna gopal|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೫:೫೭, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) #{{support}} [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Ashay vb|Ashay vb]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Ashay vb|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೬:೦೦, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # {{support}} --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Saroja MK|Saroja MK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Saroja MK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೬:೨೨, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # {{support}} -- ಎನ್ನ ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ ಉಂಡು --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kishore Kumar Rai|Kishore Kumar Rai]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kishore Kumar Rai|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೬:೫೦, ೧೨ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == ಗಡಿದಂಚಿದ ಪರಂಪರೆ - ಭಾರತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಂಪಾದನೆ ಅಭಿಯಾನ ೨೦೨೬ == {| style="border: 2px solid #FFCC00; background-color: #FFF9E6; padding: 10px; border-radius: 8px; font-family: sans-serif; width: 100%;" |- | ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಂಪಾದಕೆರೆಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಎಡ್ಡೆ ಅವಕಾಶ. ಭಾರತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ತಾಣೊಲೆನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಇತ್ತಿನ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಲೇಖನೊಲೆನ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುಧಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ವಿಶೇಷ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸಂಪಾದನೆ ಅಭಿಯಾನೊನು ಏರ್ಪಾಡ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಅಭಿಯಾನೊಡು ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಮೂಲಕ, ತುಳು ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಷೆದ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯೊಲೆಡ್ ಭಾರತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗುಣಮಟ್ಟದ ವಿಷಯೊಲೆನ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುಧಾರಿಸೆರೆ ನಿಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಅವಕಾಶ ಉಂಡು. '''ಅಭಿಯಾನೊದ ಅವಧಿ:''' 📅 ೧೫-೨೪ ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೨೦೨೬ ಈ ಅಭಿಯಾನೊಡು ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಪುನಕುಲು:<br> ✍️ ಪೊಸ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಲೇಖನೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸಾವೊಲಿ<br> 📝 ಇತ್ತಿನ ಲೇಖನೊಲೆನ್ ಸುಧಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪೊಲಿ<br> 🌏 ಭಾರತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದೇಶದ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪರಂಪರೆನ್ ಜಗತ್ತ್ ಗ್ ಪರಿಚಯ ಮಲ್ಪೊಲಿ<br> '''ಬೊಮ್ಮಾನೊಲು''' ತುಳು ಸಮುದಾಯದ ಸುರುತ 3 ವಿಜೇತರೆಗ್ <br> 🥇 ಪ್ರಥಮ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ – ₹10,000/-<br> 🥈 ರಡ್ಡನೆ ಬಹುಮಾನ – ₹5,000/-<br> 🥉 ೩ನೇ ಬಹುಮಾನ – ₹3,000/-<br> 📜 '''ಅರ್ಹತೆ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಒಂಜಿ ಡಿಜಿಟಲ್ ಪ್ರಮಾಣಪತ್ರೊನುಲಾ ತಿಕ್ಕುಂಡು'''. ಅಂಚಾದ್, ಮಲ್ಲ ಬಹುಮಾನ ಗೆಂದರೆ ತಯಾರಾದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುಲೆ! ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಂಪಾದನೆದ ಕೌಶಲ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ತೋಜಾಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭಾರತದ ಪರಂಪರೆನ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಗ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಪರಂಪರೆನ್ ಭಾರತೊಗು ಪರಿಚಯ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಈ ವಿಶೇಷ ಅಭಿಯಾನೊಡು ಭಾಗಿಯಾಲೆ. 👉 ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಅಭಿಯಾನದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ, ನಿಯಮ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯೆರೆ: https://w.wiki/TP4v ಬಲೆ, ಎಡಿಟ್ ಮಲ್ಪುಗ... ಸ್ಪರ್ಧೆಡ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಗೆತ್ತೊನ್ಗ... ಬೊಮ್ಮಾನ ಗೆಂದುಗ! 🏆🌏[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Hariprasad Shetty10|Hariprasad Shetty10]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Hariprasad Shetty10|Hariprasad Shetty10]]) |} == ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಾದ ೧೦ನೇ ವರ್ಸೊದ ಸಂಭ್ರಮದ ಉಚ್ಚಯ == <div style="background: #fffdf5; border: 2px solid #800000; border-radius: 8px; padding: 18px; margin: 15px auto; font-family: sans-serif; color: #222; line-height: 1.6;"> <!-- Banner Header --> <div style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid #ffe082; padding-bottom: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <h2 style="color: #d84315; margin: 0 0 5px 0; border: none; font-size: 22px;">[[File:TCYWIKI-10_(word).svg|125px]] ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದ ೧೦ನೇ ವರ್ಷದ ಆಚರಣೆ [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-tcy-10-alt.svg|70px]]</h2> <p style="margin: 0; font-weight: bold; color: #555;">ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಎಡ್ಡೆಪ್ಪುಲು!</p></div> <p>ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 12 ಬುಕ್ಕೊ 13ನೇ ತಾರೀಕ್ದಾನಿ ಕುಡ್ಲಡ್ ನಡಪರೆ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದ ಪತ್ತನೇ ವರ್ಷದ ಆಚರಣೆನ್ ತೆರಿಪಾವರೆ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಕುಸಿ ಆವೊಂದುಂಡು.</p> <!-- Key Event Details --> <div style="background: #fff8e1; border-left: 4px solid #ff8f00; padding: 10px 14px; margin: 12px 0;"><b>📅 ತಾರೀಕ್:</b> ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 12 ಬುಕ್ಕೊ 13<br><b>📍 ಜಾಗೆ:</b> ಕುಡ್ಲ (ಜಾಗೆ ನಿಗಾಂಟಾತ್ಜಿ)</div> <p>ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಸುರು ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿಲೆನ್ ತಂಡೊ ಆದ್ ಪಟ್ಟೊಂದು, ಒಟ್ಟು ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಈ ಮೈಲಿಗಲ್ಲ್ನ್ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಇಪ್ಪುನಂನೆ ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಎಂಕುಲು ಎದುರು ತೂವೊಂದುಲ್ಲ.</p> <p>ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿ ದೆತೊಂದು ಸ್ವಯಂಸೇವಕೆರಾದ್ ಈ ಲೇಸ್ಗ್ ಸಕಾಯೊ ಕೊರಿಯರ ಇಚ್ಚೆ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ, ದಯಮಲ್ತ್ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ತೆರಿಪಾಲೆ. ಪಾಲ್ ದೆತೊನಿಯರ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಅವಕಾಸೊ ಉಂಡು ಅಂಚನೆ ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಬೆರಸಾಯೊ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಕುಸಿಯಾಪುಂಡು.</p> <p>ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆ ಮಲ್ಲಪುನೆ - ವಿಸೇಸವಾದ್ ಒನಸ್ ತೆನಸ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಲಾಜಿಸ್ಟಿಕ್ಸ್ ಆಯೋಜಿಸಯರ ದಯಮಲ್ತ್ ಲಗತ್ತಿಸಾಯಿನ ಗೂಗಲ್ ಫಾರ್ಮ್ನ್ ಬರ್ತಿ ಮಲ್ತ್ದ್ ನಿಗ್ಲ್ ಬರ್ಪುನೆನ್ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ತೆರಿಪಾಲೆ.</p> <!-- CTA Registration Button --> <div style="text-align: center; margin: 20px 0; background: #fff8e1; color: #ffffff !important; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 4px; display: inline-block;">[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSenIOP2YtOn3bbxSU2ijO5YeYveIECUu_UovVREKz7Iy-jkjg/viewform?usp=dialog📝 ಗೂಗಲ್ ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಬರ್ತಿ ಮಲ್ಪಿ]</div> <!-- Note Box --> <div style="background: #e8f5e9; border: 1px solid #c8e6c9; border-radius: 4px; padding: 10px 14px; font-size: 14px; color: #1b5e20; margin: 12px 0;"><b>📌 ಗಮನಿಸಲೆ:</b> ನಮೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಿನ್ಯ ಬಜೆಟ್ಡ್ ಬೇಲೆ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುನೆ. ಅಯಿಡ್ದಾದ್ ನೆರೆಕರೆ ತಾಲೂಕು, ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದಗ್ಲ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆವೊನ್ಬೆರ್. ಅಂಚನೇ ದೂರೊದ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದಕ್ಲ್ ಬರೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಪಿದಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬರ್ಪುನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಉಂತುನೆಗ್ ಬೆಂಬಲೊ ಕೊರೊಂದುಲ್ಲೊ. ದೂರೊದಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಉಂತುನ ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆನ್ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡು, ಅಂಚನೆ ವನಸ್ಗ್ ಪನೊಡು ಪನ್ಪುನ ನೆಲೆಟ್ ನಿಕ್ಲ್ ಬರ್ಪುನೆನ್ ದುಂಬೆ ಪನ್ಲೆಂದ್ ವಿನಂತಿ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದುಲ್ಲೊ.</div> <p>ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಮಾತೆರೆನ್ಲಾ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದ 10 ವರ್ಸೊದ ಗೌಜಿನ್ ಒಟ್ಟಾದ್ ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಎದುರು ತೂವೊಂದುಲ್ಲೊ! 🙌</p> <!-- Signature --> <div style="text-align: right; margin-top: 15px; font-size: 14px; color: #666; border-top: 1px solid #eee; padding-top: 8px;"> ಪತ್ತನೇ ವರ್ಸೊದ ತಯಾರಿಡ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಎಡ್ಡೆಪುದ ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು.<br> <b>ಈವೆಂಟ್ ಕೋ-ಆರ್ಡಿನೇಟರ್</b>, ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಪತ್ತನೆ ವರ್ಸಾಚರಣೆ</div> </div> == Invitation to pre-conference activities for WikiConference India 2026 == Dear Wikimedia contributors, As the Wikiconference India 2026 draws nearer, the excitement is soaring as well! We are sending this message to inform you that two pre-conference activities are being held as a part of this meetup. The Wiki Loves Villages campaign 2026 starts on 15th August 2026, so get ready to contribute! This initiative aims to expand and enhance content and media about villages across all Wikimedia projects, creating a comprehensive, open-access knowledge base. Campaign Focus: A. Expand Wikipedia articles about Villages in India in multiple languages B. Improve content quality with citations, images, and comprehensive information C. Populate Wikimedia Commons with freely licensed media about a village D. Enrich Wikidata with structured information about Village-related topics We invite you to contribute by writing new articles, enhancing existing ones, uploading media, or organizing data on Wikidata. Whether you're an experienced editor or new to Wikimedia, your participation matters. For more information and to get involved, visit the campaign page ([https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Village_2026](https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Village_2026)) on your preferred Wikimedia project. Another way to contribute to a pre-conference activity is the innovative Wiki Loves Medicinal Plants 2026- it is a photography campaign hosted by WikiConference India 2026. The activity already started on 1st August and ends on 31st August 2026, so gear up to document local medicinal knowledge and fill the knowledge gaps. This initiative aims to expand and enhance freely licensed images and other media of medicinal plants in and around our surroundings. Campaign Focus: A. Add freely licensed images of medicinal plants. B. Improve description of existing medicinal plants. C. Improve depictions of images. D. Improve wikidata items. We invite you to contribute by adding new photos, videos or enhancing existing ones. Whether you're an experienced editor or new to Wikimedia, your participation matters. To know more about how to contribute, rules, and tips head to the Meta page to find information ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Medicinal_Plants](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Medicinal_Plants)) on your preferred Wikimedia project. Best regards,<br>WikiConference India 2026 pre-conference organizing team -- [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kuldeepburjbhalaike|Kuldeepburjbhalaike]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kuldeepburjbhalaike|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೧:೦೨, ೧೩ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) ji9cdfyscg399tnfafhkm5qbk2vz0xt 366835 366791 2026-08-24T06:45:41Z A826 4610 /* Admin actions review */ಪೊಸ ವಿಭಾಗ 366835 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ಚಾವಡಿ ಪುಟೊ header|ಪಾತೆರಕತೆ|alpha=yes|'''ಚಾವಡಿ''' [[ತುಳು ಬಾಸೆ|ತುಳು]] ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯೊನೀತಿಲೆನ ಬಗೆಟ್, ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ದೋಸೊಲೆನ ಬಗೆಟ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ಕೆಲಸೊ ಕಾರ್ಯೊಲೆನ ಬಗೆಟ್ ಪಟ್ಟಾಂಗ ಪಾಡುನ ಮೀಚಿಲ್ ಪುಟೊ. *ಸಾದ್ಯೊ ಆಯಿನಾತ್ ಲೇಕನೊಲೆಗ್ ಸಂಬಂದಿಸಯಿನ ಪಟ್ಟಾಂಗೊಲೆನ್ ಅವ್ವೇ ಲೇಕನೊದ ಪಟ್ಟಾಂಗೊ ಪುಟೊಡು ಸೇರಾಲೆ. *ಅವ್ವೇ ಲೇಕನೊದ ಪಟ್ಟಾಂಗೊ ಪುಟೊಡು ಲೇಕನೊಗು ಸೇರಾಯರ ಬೋಡಾಯಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿದ ಬಗೆಟ್ ಅಯಿತ ಮಿತ್ತ್‌ಡ್ ಆವೊಡಾಪುನ ಬೇಲೆದ ಬಗೆಟ್ ಬರೆದ್ ದೀಡ್‍ಲೆ. *ಇತ್ತೇ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‌ಲೆನ್ ಸಾದ್ಯೊ ಆಯಿನಾತ್ ಗಲಸ್‍ಲೆ. ಪೊಸ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‍ಲೆನ್ ಸೇರಾಪುನೆಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬು ಒರೊ ನಾಡ್‍ದ್ ತೂಲೆ. *ಇಸೇಸೊ ಪುಟೊಲೆನ್ ಸಾದ್ಯೊ ಆಯಿನಾತ್ ಗಲಸ್‍ಲೆ. ಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ಅಪ್ಲೋಡ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಬಗೆಟ್ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಪಾಲಿಸಿಲೆನ್ (ಕಾರ್ಯೊನೀತಿಲೆನ್)‌ ತಯಾರ್ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡಾತೆ. *ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಸ್ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯೊಡ್ದ್ ಚಿತ್ರೊಗಾತ್ರೊ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಲೈಸೆನ್ಸ್‌ಲೆನ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‌ಲೆನ್ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯೊಡು ನಕಲ್ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡು. ಆಸಕ್ತಿ ಇತ್ತಿನಕುಲು ದುಂಬುಗು ಬತ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆವೊನ್ಲೆ. |ವಿಪಿ:ಚಾ|WP:VPPOL}} {{Archive box| {{Search box|root=ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಚಾವಡಿ|search-width=20|search-button-label=ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊಡ್ ನಾಡ್ಲೆ|search-break=yes}} *[[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಚಾವಡಿ ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊ|ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ತ ಚಾವಡಿದ ಪಾತೆರಕತೆತ ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊ]] }} __NEWSECTIONLINK__ __TOC__<div id="below_toc"></div> [[Category:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಚಾವಡಿ]] [[Category:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಲೇಸ್‍ಲು]] {{ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MABot/config |archive = ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಚಾವಡಿ ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊ/%(year)d |algo = old(30d) |counter = 1 |archiveheader = |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 2 |key = c8ef14985778fd1d5adc8ebcf551ddce }}</noinclude> <!-- Please do not change the key value above --> <!--- don't write above/ಈ ಮಿತ್ತುಡ್ ಒವ್ವೆ ಬರವು ಬರೆವೊಡ್ಚಿ ---> {{clear}} == Invitation to Participate in Kerala Culture Month 2026 == Dear Wikimedia Contributors, We are excited to announce '''[[m:Kerala_Culture_Month_2026|Kerala Culture Month 2026]]''', a collaborative campaign launched in conjunction with '''[[m:WikiConference_India_2026|WikiConference India 2026]]'''. This initiative aims to expand and enhance content about Kerala across all Wikimedia projects, creating a comprehensive, open-access knowledge base. '''Campaign Focus:''' * Expand Wikipedia articles about Kerala in multiple languages * Improve content quality with citations, images, and comprehensive information * Populate Wikimedia Commons with freely licensed Kerala media * Enrich Wikidata with structured information about Kerala-related topics We invite you to contribute by writing new articles, enhancing existing ones, uploading media, or organizing data on Wikidata. Whether you're an experienced editor or new to Wikimedia, your participation matters. For more information and to get involved, visit the campaign page: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kerala_Culture_Month_2026 on your preferred Wikimedia project. Best regards, ''Communications Team, WCI 2026'' -- [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kuldeepburjbhalaike|Kuldeepburjbhalaike]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kuldeepburjbhalaike|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೭:೧೫, ೨೬ ಜುಲಾಯಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == ವಿಕಿ ಕಾನ್ಫರೆನ್ಸ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾದ 2026ದ ಪ್ರಿ ಕಾನ್ಫರೆನ್ಸ್‌ದ ಲೆಕ್ಕೊಡು ಲೇಖನ, ವಿಕಿಡಾಟ ಸ್ಪರ್ಧೆ ಆಯೋಜನೆ == ಈ ಸ್ಪರ್ಧೆಡ್ ಮಾತೆರ್ಲಾ ಪಾಲ್‌ದೆತೊನ್ಲೆ. *[[ಕೇರಳ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ತಿಂಗೊಳು 2026]]--[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Vinoda mamatharai|Vinoda mamatharai]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Vinoda mamatharai|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೦೯:೨೮, ೨೭ ಜುಲಾಯಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == Wiki Intership Program in Kannada- Tulu Languages == <div style="width: 95%; padding: 0.5em; border: 5px solid transparent; border-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, #ccc, #ccc 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 3px) 1; margin-bottom: 1em; font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"> <hr style="border: none; height: 5px; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, #ccc, #ccc 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 3px);" /> [[File:KLW-wiki-kn.svg|40px|link=https://klw-2024-25.toolforge.org/]] '''ಕನ್ನಡ–ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಲರ್ನ್ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಶಿಪ್ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ''' <hr style="border: none; height: 5px; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, #ccc, #ccc 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 3px);" /> English:'''[[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program|Kannada–Tulu WikiLearn Internship Program]]''' is a structured capacity-building initiative based on the 7-week WikiLearn course, where selected interns participate in creating new articles, improving existing articles, proofreading Wikisource pages, creating and enhancing Wikidata items, uploading media files to Commons on Kannada, Tulu Wikipedia, and Wikisource through project-based learning over a 45-day to 3-month period with weekly mentoring and progress check-ins, and successful participants are awarded certificates and community recognition. For more information check this [[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program]] page. Kannada:'''[[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program|ಕನ್ನಡ–ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಲರ್ನ್ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಶಿಪ್ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ]]'''ವು ೭-ವಾರಗಳ ವಿಕಿಲರ್ನ್ ಕೋರ್ಸ್ ಅನ್ನು ಆಧರಿಸಿದ ರಚನಾತ್ಮಕ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ-ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಉಪಕ್ರಮವಾಗಿದ್ದು, ಆಯ್ಕೆಯಾದ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಗಳು ಕನ್ನಡ, ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಮತ್ತು ವಿಕಿಸೋರ್ಸ್ಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಹೊಸ ಲೇಖನಗಳನ್ನು ರಚಿಸುವುದು, ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಲೇಖನಗಳನ್ನು ಸುಧಾರಿಸುವುದು, ವಿಕಿಸೋರ್ಸ್ ಪುಟಗಳನ್ನು ಪ್ರೂಫ್‌ರೀಡ್ ಮಾಡುವುದು, ವಿಕಿಡೇಟಾ ಐಟಂಗಳನ್ನು ರಚಿಸುವುದು ಮತ್ತು ವರ್ಧಿಸುವುದು, ಕಾಮನ್ಸ್ಗೆ ಮಾಧ್ಯಮ ಫೈಲ್ಗಳನ್ನು ಅಪ್ಲೋಡ್ ಮಾಡುವುದು, ಸಾಪ್ತಾಹಿಕ ಮಾರ್ಗದರ್ಶನ ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರಗತಿ ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆಗಳೊಂದಿಗೆ ೪೫-ದಿನಗಳಿಂದ ೨-ತಿಂಗಳ ಅವಧಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಯೋಜನಾ-ಆಧಾರಿತ ಕಲಿಕೆಯ ಮೂಲಕ ಭಾಗವಹಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ, ಮತ್ತು ಯಶಸ್ವಿ ಪೂರ್ಣಗೊಳಿಸಿದವರಿಗೆ ಪ್ರಮಾಣಪತ್ರಗಳನ್ನು ನೀಡಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿಗೆ [[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program]] ಪುಟವನ್ನು ನೋಡಿ. Tulu= '''[[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program|ಕನ್ನಡ–ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಲರ್ನ್ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಶಿಪ್ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ]]''' ೭-ವಾರೊದ ವಿಕಿಲರ್ನ್ ಕೋರ್ಸ್ನ್ ಆಧಾರಿಸಾದ್ ರೂಪಿಸಾಯಿನ ರಚನಾತ್ಮಕ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ-ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಉಪಕ್ರಮೊ ಆದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು, ಆಯ್ಕೆಯಾಯಿನ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಗಳು ಕನ್ನಡ, ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿಕಿಸೋರ್ಸ್ಗಳೆಡ್ ಪೊಸ ಲೇಖನೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸುನಿ, ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವಡಿಪ್ಪುನ ಲೇಖನೊಲೆನ್ ಸುಧಾರಿಸುನಿ, ವಿಕಿಸೋರ್ಸ್ ಪುಟೊಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರೂಫ್‌ರೀಡ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನಿ, ವಿಕಿಡೇಟಾ ಐಟಂಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸುನಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವರ್ಧಿಸುನಿ, ಕಾಮನ್ಸ್ಗ್ ಮಾಧ್ಯಮ ಫೈಲ್ಗಳೆನ್ ಅಪ್ಲೋಡ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನಿ, ಸಾಪ್ತಾಹಿಕ ಮಾರ್ಗದರ್ಶನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರಗತಿ ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆಲೆನೊಟ್ಟಿಗೆ 45-ದಿನೊಡ್ದು 2-ತಿಂಗೊಲು ಅವಧಿಡ್ ಯೋಜನಾ-ಆಧಾರಿತ ಕಲಿಕೆದ ಮೂಲಕ ಭಾಗವಹಿಸುವೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾದ್ ಪೂರ್ಣಗೊಳಿಸವುನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಪ್ರಮಾಣಪತ್ರೊಲು ಕೊರ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಮಾಹಿತಿಗ್ ಈ [[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program]] ಪುಟೊನು ತೂಲೆ. }} Thank you,ಧನ್ಯವಾದಗಳು,ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು ---<span style="text-shadow: 0 0 8px silver; padding:4px; font-weight:bold; border: 2px solid blue; border-radius: 5px;">[[User:A826|A826]] · [[user_talk:A826|<big>✉</big>]] · [[Special:Contributions/A826|<big> ©</big>]]</span> ೧೦:೩೨, ೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:A826@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:A826/Kannada-Tulu_Project_talk_pages&oldid=30876200 --> :ಮೋಕೆತ ಎಡ್ಡೆಪುಲು --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|Bharathesha Alasandemajalu]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೩:೧೪, ೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == Logo change for 10th anniversary == {{tracked|T434176|resolved}} I would like to propose a logo change for our 10th anniversary celebration. The new logo will be used for a duration of three months. <gallery caption="Updated logos" widths="180px" heights="120px"> File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-tcy-10-alt.svg|WP 10 sitelogo for legacy vector skin File:WP10 Vector 2022 LOGO-tcy.svg|WP10 wordmark for vector 2022 skin File:WP10 Vector 2022 LINE-tcy.svg|WP10 tagline for vector 2022 skin </gallery> [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೪೭, ೫ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) ==== Discussion for logo update==== # i will support as proposer [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೫೦, ೫ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # Support - [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|Bharathesha Alasandemajalu]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೫೪, ೫ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # Support--[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kishore Kumar Rai|Kishore Kumar Rai]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kishore Kumar Rai|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೦:೦೧, ೬ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # I Support. This logo need Tulu Wikipedia 10th Anniversary --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Vishwanatha Badikana|Vishwanatha Badikana]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Vishwanatha Badikana|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೬:೪೩, ೬ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # Support ---[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Yakshitha|Yakshitha]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Yakshitha|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೮:೫೨, ೬ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # {{support}} --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Prajna gopal|Prajna gopal]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Prajna gopal|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೫:೪೯, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಕಾರ್ಯಪಡೆ: ಭಾರತೀಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆಗ್ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಅಗತ್ಯೊಲೆನ ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನೊ == ಮಾತರೆಗ್ಲಾ ನಮಸ್ಕಾರೊ, ಈರ್ ಮಾತ ಉಷಾರ್ ಉಲ್ಲಾರ್ ಪಂದ್ ಎನ್ನುವೊ! ಭಾರತೊದ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಬಾಸಾ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಅಗತ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ತೆರಿಯೊನೆರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಹಕಾರೊನ್ ಬಲಪಡುಪಾಯೆರೆ [[m:Indic_MediaWiki_Developers_User_Group|Indic MediaWiki Developers User Group]] (IMDUG) ಭಾರತೊದಾದ್ಯಂತೊ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ವಿಕಿಮೀಡಿಯಾ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಸಂಪರ್ಕೊ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ಂಡ್. ಕಳೆದ ವರ್ಸೊ, ರಡ್ಡ್ ಬಾಸಾ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕೆಲಸೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸವಾಲುಲೆನ್ ಅರ್ಥೊ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದು ಸಹಕಾರೊದ ಅವಕಾಶೊಲೆನ್ ಗುರುತಿಸೆರೆ ನಮ [[m:Indic_Community_Task_Force_2025|Indic Community Task Force 2025]] ಸೌಲಭ್ಯೊನ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಇತ್ತೊ. ನಮಕ್ ತಿಕ್ಕಿನ ಅನುಭವೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಲಹೆಲೆನ ಆಧಾರೊದ ಮಿತ್ತ್, ಮಾತಾ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ತಲುಪೆರೆ ಈ ವರ್ಸೊ ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಯನ್ ವಿಸ್ತರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದು ಉಲ್ಲೊ. ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಸಮುದಾಯೊನ್ ತಲುಪುನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಓಲು ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್ ಅಗತ್ಯೊ ಉಂಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅರ್ಥೊ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ ನಮ್ಮ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊ. === ನಮಕ್ ದಾದ ಬೋಡು? === ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊರ್ದು ಒರಿ ಅತ್ತಂಡ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಲೆನ್ ನಾಮನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ತಿರ್ತ್‌ದ ವಿವರೊಲೆನ್ ಪಟ್ಟೊನೆರೆ ಲೆಪ್ಪೊಲು ಕೊರ್ಪೊ: * ಈರೆನ ವಿಕಿಮೀಡಿಯಾ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಪುದರ್. * ಪ್ರಾಥಮಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪರ್ಯಾಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ. * ನಾಮನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಆಯಿನ ಸಂಪರ್ಕಿತರೆನ ಟೆಲಿಗ್ರಾಮ್ ಯೂಸರ್ ನೇಮ್. * ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸವಾಲುಲು, ಅಗತ್ಯೊಲು ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಆದ್ಯತೆಲೆನ ಸಂಕ್ಷಿಪ್ತ ವಿವರೊ. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಈ ತಿರ್ತ್‌ದ ವಿಷಯೊಲು ಸೇರ್ದಿಪ್ಪೊಲಿ: * ಎಡಿಟ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಗಸ್ತು (patrolling) ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಸರಿ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡಾಯಿನ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು. * ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಗ್ ಬೋಡಾಯಿನ ಗ್ಯಾಜೆಟ್‌ಲು, ಟೂಲ್‌ಲು ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಬಾಟ್‌ಲು. * ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಇಂಟರ್ಫೇಸ್‌ಗ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಿಸಾಯಿನ ಸವಾಲುಲು. * ಕೊಡುಗೆದಾರರೆಗ್ ಎದುರಾಪಿನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಅಡೆತಡೆಲು. * ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಬೇರೆ ವಾವುದೇ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಆದ್ಯತೆಲು. === ಭಾಗವಹಿಸುನೆ ಎಂಚ === ದಯವಿತ್ತ್ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಪ್ರತಿಕ್ರಿಯೆ [[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhpPdn0qgHkEiYZCXEumpV-WNWm6n8bZdfR6TIkGTcbuBOew/viewform?usp=dialog](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhpPdn0qgHkEiYZCXEumpV-WNWm6n8bZdfR6TIkGTcbuBOew/viewform?usp=dialog) form] ನ '''೧೮ ಆಗಸ್ಟ್'''ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ದಿಂಜಲೆ. ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಗ್ ಇಷ್ಟೊ ಇತ್ತೆಂಡ, ಈ ಸಂದೇಶೊಗು ನೇರವಾದ್ ಮರುಉತ್ತರೊ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರೆಲಾ ಈರೆಗ್ ಸ್ವಾಗತೊ. === ದುಂಬುಗ್ ದಾದ ಆಪುಂಡು? === ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸಾಯಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿಲು ನಮಕ್ ಉಂದೆಕ್ ಸಾಯೊ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು: * ದುಂಬುದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸಹಕಾರೊಗ್ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಸಂಪರ್ಕಿತರೆನ ನೆಟ್‌ವರ್ಕ್ ತಯಾರ್ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ. * ಭಾರತೀಯ ವಿಕಿಮೀಡಿಯಾ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಅಗತ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ಅರ್ಥೊ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದು ಆದ್ಯತೆ ಕೊರೆರೆ. * ಗಮನೊ ಕೇಂದ್ರೀಕರಿಸಾಯಿನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಯೋಜನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ. * ಸೂಕ್ತವಾಯಿನ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಡೆವಲಪರ್ಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಯೋಜನೆಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸಂಪರ್ಕೊ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ. ಈರ್ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಪಟ್ಟಿನ್ ನಮ ಜಾಗ್ರತೆಡ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆ ಮಲ್ಪುವುವೊ, ಆಂಡ ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನವು ಕೋರಿಕೆದ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣತೆ, ಯೂಸರ್ ಗ್ರೂಪ್‌ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಶಕ್ತಿ, ಸ್ವಯಂಸೇವಕರೆನ ಸಮಯೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲಭ್ಯವಿಪ್ಪುನ ಸಂಪನ್ಮೂಲೊಲೆನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಆಧಾರಿತವಾದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮಾತ ಕೋರಿಕೆನ್ ತಕ್ಷಣೊ ಸರಿ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯೊ ಆಯಿಜಿಂಡಲಾ, ಸಾಧ್ಯವಾಯಿನಷ್ಟು ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಅಗತ್ಯೊಲೆಗ್ ಆದ್ಯತೆ ಕೊರ್ದು ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೂಕ್ತವಾಯಿನ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ಸೂಕ್ತ ಡೆವಲಪರ್‌ಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸಂಪರ್ಕೊ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಮಾತ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನೊ ಮಲ್ಪುವುವೊ. ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕೈಜೋಡಿಸಾದ್ ಕೆಲಸೊ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಕಾತೊಂದು ಉಲ್ಲೊ! '''Best wishes,''' ''On behalf of the Indic MediaWiki Developers User Group (IMDUG)'' == Proposal: Standardizing Latin Digits for Dates, Times, and Math Calculations in Tulu Wikipedia == {{Tracked|T435117|open}} Hello everyone, I am writing in reference to [[Special:Permalink/363637#ತುಳುಟು ಅಂಕೆನ್ ಗಳಸುನ ಬಗೆಟ್]] to support the proposal regarding the usage of Latin digits (0, 1, 2, 3...) alongside or in place of Kannada digits (೦, ೧, ೨, ೩...) on Tulu Wikipedia. Standardizing Latin digits for specific technical areas provides several practical benefits: * '''Mathematical Calculations:''' Simplifies formulas, equations, and technical data display. * '''Dates & Times:''' Improves compatibility with automated templates, timestamps, and system functions. * '''Readability & Search:''' Makes content easier to search and navigate for broader audiences across different platforms. I strongly support implementing this change where necessary to improve Wikipedia's technical functionality while maintaining the linguistic integrity of Tulu content. Please share your thoughts and join the discussion! [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೧:೨೪, ೧೦ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) ===discussion/support=== # Support ---[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|Bharathesha Alasandemajalu]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೦೫, ೧೦ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # I suggest the use of Indo Arabic digits (0,1,2,3,..) etc. in Infoboxes, mathematical formulas, etc., and use of Kannada digits (೦,೧,೨,೩,..) also in article texts. -[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Pavanaja|ಪವನಜ ಯು. ಬಿ.]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Pavanaja|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೦:೪೨, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # Support. Tulu language numerals use the Kannada script. However, it would be better to use English numerals in Tulu writing. While English numerals are used across all templates, Kannada numbers are getting mixed into the middle during translation. For now, let Tulu use English numerals. --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Vishwanatha Badikana|Vishwanatha Badikana]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Vishwanatha Badikana|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೧:೦೨, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) #{{support}} --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Prajna gopal|Prajna gopal]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Prajna gopal|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೫:೫೭, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) #{{support}} [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Ashay vb|Ashay vb]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Ashay vb|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೬:೦೦, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # {{support}} --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Saroja MK|Saroja MK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Saroja MK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೬:೨೨, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # {{support}} -- ಎನ್ನ ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ ಉಂಡು --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kishore Kumar Rai|Kishore Kumar Rai]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kishore Kumar Rai|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೬:೫೦, ೧೨ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == ಗಡಿದಂಚಿದ ಪರಂಪರೆ - ಭಾರತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಂಪಾದನೆ ಅಭಿಯಾನ ೨೦೨೬ == {| style="border: 2px solid #FFCC00; background-color: #FFF9E6; padding: 10px; border-radius: 8px; font-family: sans-serif; width: 100%;" |- | ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಂಪಾದಕೆರೆಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಎಡ್ಡೆ ಅವಕಾಶ. ಭಾರತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ತಾಣೊಲೆನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಇತ್ತಿನ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಲೇಖನೊಲೆನ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುಧಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ವಿಶೇಷ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸಂಪಾದನೆ ಅಭಿಯಾನೊನು ಏರ್ಪಾಡ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಅಭಿಯಾನೊಡು ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಮೂಲಕ, ತುಳು ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಷೆದ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯೊಲೆಡ್ ಭಾರತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗುಣಮಟ್ಟದ ವಿಷಯೊಲೆನ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುಧಾರಿಸೆರೆ ನಿಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಅವಕಾಶ ಉಂಡು. '''ಅಭಿಯಾನೊದ ಅವಧಿ:''' 📅 ೧೫-೨೪ ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೨೦೨೬ ಈ ಅಭಿಯಾನೊಡು ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಪುನಕುಲು:<br> ✍️ ಪೊಸ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಲೇಖನೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸಾವೊಲಿ<br> 📝 ಇತ್ತಿನ ಲೇಖನೊಲೆನ್ ಸುಧಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪೊಲಿ<br> 🌏 ಭಾರತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದೇಶದ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪರಂಪರೆನ್ ಜಗತ್ತ್ ಗ್ ಪರಿಚಯ ಮಲ್ಪೊಲಿ<br> '''ಬೊಮ್ಮಾನೊಲು''' ತುಳು ಸಮುದಾಯದ ಸುರುತ 3 ವಿಜೇತರೆಗ್ <br> 🥇 ಪ್ರಥಮ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ – ₹10,000/-<br> 🥈 ರಡ್ಡನೆ ಬಹುಮಾನ – ₹5,000/-<br> 🥉 ೩ನೇ ಬಹುಮಾನ – ₹3,000/-<br> 📜 '''ಅರ್ಹತೆ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಒಂಜಿ ಡಿಜಿಟಲ್ ಪ್ರಮಾಣಪತ್ರೊನುಲಾ ತಿಕ್ಕುಂಡು'''. ಅಂಚಾದ್, ಮಲ್ಲ ಬಹುಮಾನ ಗೆಂದರೆ ತಯಾರಾದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುಲೆ! ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಂಪಾದನೆದ ಕೌಶಲ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ತೋಜಾಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭಾರತದ ಪರಂಪರೆನ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಗ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಪರಂಪರೆನ್ ಭಾರತೊಗು ಪರಿಚಯ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಈ ವಿಶೇಷ ಅಭಿಯಾನೊಡು ಭಾಗಿಯಾಲೆ. 👉 ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಅಭಿಯಾನದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ, ನಿಯಮ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯೆರೆ: https://w.wiki/TP4v ಬಲೆ, ಎಡಿಟ್ ಮಲ್ಪುಗ... ಸ್ಪರ್ಧೆಡ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಗೆತ್ತೊನ್ಗ... ಬೊಮ್ಮಾನ ಗೆಂದುಗ! 🏆🌏[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Hariprasad Shetty10|Hariprasad Shetty10]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Hariprasad Shetty10|Hariprasad Shetty10]]) |} == ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಾದ ೧೦ನೇ ವರ್ಸೊದ ಸಂಭ್ರಮದ ಉಚ್ಚಯ == <div style="background: #fffdf5; border: 2px solid #800000; border-radius: 8px; padding: 18px; margin: 15px auto; font-family: sans-serif; color: #222; line-height: 1.6;"> <!-- Banner Header --> <div style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid #ffe082; padding-bottom: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <h2 style="color: #d84315; margin: 0 0 5px 0; border: none; font-size: 22px;">[[File:TCYWIKI-10_(word).svg|125px]] ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದ ೧೦ನೇ ವರ್ಷದ ಆಚರಣೆ [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-tcy-10-alt.svg|70px]]</h2> <p style="margin: 0; font-weight: bold; color: #555;">ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಎಡ್ಡೆಪ್ಪುಲು!</p></div> <p>ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 12 ಬುಕ್ಕೊ 13ನೇ ತಾರೀಕ್ದಾನಿ ಕುಡ್ಲಡ್ ನಡಪರೆ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದ ಪತ್ತನೇ ವರ್ಷದ ಆಚರಣೆನ್ ತೆರಿಪಾವರೆ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಕುಸಿ ಆವೊಂದುಂಡು.</p> <!-- Key Event Details --> <div style="background: #fff8e1; border-left: 4px solid #ff8f00; padding: 10px 14px; margin: 12px 0;"><b>📅 ತಾರೀಕ್:</b> ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 12 ಬುಕ್ಕೊ 13<br><b>📍 ಜಾಗೆ:</b> ಕುಡ್ಲ (ಜಾಗೆ ನಿಗಾಂಟಾತ್ಜಿ)</div> <p>ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಸುರು ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿಲೆನ್ ತಂಡೊ ಆದ್ ಪಟ್ಟೊಂದು, ಒಟ್ಟು ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಈ ಮೈಲಿಗಲ್ಲ್ನ್ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಇಪ್ಪುನಂನೆ ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಎಂಕುಲು ಎದುರು ತೂವೊಂದುಲ್ಲ.</p> <p>ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿ ದೆತೊಂದು ಸ್ವಯಂಸೇವಕೆರಾದ್ ಈ ಲೇಸ್ಗ್ ಸಕಾಯೊ ಕೊರಿಯರ ಇಚ್ಚೆ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ, ದಯಮಲ್ತ್ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ತೆರಿಪಾಲೆ. ಪಾಲ್ ದೆತೊನಿಯರ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಅವಕಾಸೊ ಉಂಡು ಅಂಚನೆ ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಬೆರಸಾಯೊ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಕುಸಿಯಾಪುಂಡು.</p> <p>ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆ ಮಲ್ಲಪುನೆ - ವಿಸೇಸವಾದ್ ಒನಸ್ ತೆನಸ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಲಾಜಿಸ್ಟಿಕ್ಸ್ ಆಯೋಜಿಸಯರ ದಯಮಲ್ತ್ ಲಗತ್ತಿಸಾಯಿನ ಗೂಗಲ್ ಫಾರ್ಮ್ನ್ ಬರ್ತಿ ಮಲ್ತ್ದ್ ನಿಗ್ಲ್ ಬರ್ಪುನೆನ್ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ತೆರಿಪಾಲೆ.</p> <!-- CTA Registration Button --> <div style="text-align: center; margin: 20px 0; background: #fff8e1; color: #ffffff !important; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 4px; display: inline-block;">[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSenIOP2YtOn3bbxSU2ijO5YeYveIECUu_UovVREKz7Iy-jkjg/viewform?usp=dialog📝 ಗೂಗಲ್ ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಬರ್ತಿ ಮಲ್ಪಿ]</div> <!-- Note Box --> <div style="background: #e8f5e9; border: 1px solid #c8e6c9; border-radius: 4px; padding: 10px 14px; font-size: 14px; color: #1b5e20; margin: 12px 0;"><b>📌 ಗಮನಿಸಲೆ:</b> ನಮೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಿನ್ಯ ಬಜೆಟ್ಡ್ ಬೇಲೆ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುನೆ. ಅಯಿಡ್ದಾದ್ ನೆರೆಕರೆ ತಾಲೂಕು, ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದಗ್ಲ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆವೊನ್ಬೆರ್. ಅಂಚನೇ ದೂರೊದ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದಕ್ಲ್ ಬರೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಪಿದಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬರ್ಪುನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಉಂತುನೆಗ್ ಬೆಂಬಲೊ ಕೊರೊಂದುಲ್ಲೊ. ದೂರೊದಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಉಂತುನ ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆನ್ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡು, ಅಂಚನೆ ವನಸ್ಗ್ ಪನೊಡು ಪನ್ಪುನ ನೆಲೆಟ್ ನಿಕ್ಲ್ ಬರ್ಪುನೆನ್ ದುಂಬೆ ಪನ್ಲೆಂದ್ ವಿನಂತಿ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದುಲ್ಲೊ.</div> <p>ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಮಾತೆರೆನ್ಲಾ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದ 10 ವರ್ಸೊದ ಗೌಜಿನ್ ಒಟ್ಟಾದ್ ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಎದುರು ತೂವೊಂದುಲ್ಲೊ! 🙌</p> <!-- Signature --> <div style="text-align: right; margin-top: 15px; font-size: 14px; color: #666; border-top: 1px solid #eee; padding-top: 8px;"> ಪತ್ತನೇ ವರ್ಸೊದ ತಯಾರಿಡ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಎಡ್ಡೆಪುದ ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು.<br> <b>ಈವೆಂಟ್ ಕೋ-ಆರ್ಡಿನೇಟರ್</b>, ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಪತ್ತನೆ ವರ್ಸಾಚರಣೆ</div> </div> == Invitation to pre-conference activities for WikiConference India 2026 == Dear Wikimedia contributors, As the Wikiconference India 2026 draws nearer, the excitement is soaring as well! We are sending this message to inform you that two pre-conference activities are being held as a part of this meetup. The Wiki Loves Villages campaign 2026 starts on 15th August 2026, so get ready to contribute! This initiative aims to expand and enhance content and media about villages across all Wikimedia projects, creating a comprehensive, open-access knowledge base. Campaign Focus: A. Expand Wikipedia articles about Villages in India in multiple languages B. Improve content quality with citations, images, and comprehensive information C. Populate Wikimedia Commons with freely licensed media about a village D. Enrich Wikidata with structured information about Village-related topics We invite you to contribute by writing new articles, enhancing existing ones, uploading media, or organizing data on Wikidata. Whether you're an experienced editor or new to Wikimedia, your participation matters. For more information and to get involved, visit the campaign page ([https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Village_2026](https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Village_2026)) on your preferred Wikimedia project. Another way to contribute to a pre-conference activity is the innovative Wiki Loves Medicinal Plants 2026- it is a photography campaign hosted by WikiConference India 2026. The activity already started on 1st August and ends on 31st August 2026, so gear up to document local medicinal knowledge and fill the knowledge gaps. This initiative aims to expand and enhance freely licensed images and other media of medicinal plants in and around our surroundings. Campaign Focus: A. Add freely licensed images of medicinal plants. B. Improve description of existing medicinal plants. C. Improve depictions of images. D. Improve wikidata items. We invite you to contribute by adding new photos, videos or enhancing existing ones. Whether you're an experienced editor or new to Wikimedia, your participation matters. To know more about how to contribute, rules, and tips head to the Meta page to find information ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Medicinal_Plants](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Medicinal_Plants)) on your preferred Wikimedia project. Best regards,<br>WikiConference India 2026 pre-conference organizing team -- [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kuldeepburjbhalaike|Kuldeepburjbhalaike]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kuldeepburjbhalaike|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೧:೦೨, ೧೩ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == Admin actions review == :ಕನ್ನಡ ಮತ್ತು ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಬರೆದಿದ್ದಕ್ಕೆ ಕ್ಷಮಿಸಿ: Apologies for writing in Kannada and English: {| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:90%; border: 2px solid;" | Content in English |- | It is concerning that admin on Tulu Wikipedia are blocking and warning users without proper notice. Issuing warnings in English on Tulu Wikipedia is inappropriate and disrespectful to the local language community. If there is need for blocking admin themselves should have created a policy page locally and get approval creation of such policies from community before going extreme circurmstanses by blocking new users, Blocking users for using LLM when the errors in the text are too minimal to justify such action is unfair. where the admin themselves could have improved the content, this shows a clear lack of resolve to build wikipedia. In addition, this admin is himself importing templates from english to Tulu wikipedia without translating them into Tulu. While he takes harsh action against others for minor mistakes, his own practice of importing untranslated templates clearly demonstrates a double standard. This only reinforces the concern that the admin lacks the genuine commitment needed to build and nurture the Wikipedia community. |} ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದಲ್ಲಿ ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕ @[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ಅವರು ಸರಿಯಾದ ಸೂಚನೆ ನೀಡದೆ ಬಳಕೆದಾರರನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಬಂಧಿಸುತ್ತಿರುವುದು ಮತ್ತು ಎಚ್ಚರಿಕೆ ನೀಡುತ್ತಿರುವುದು ಆತಂಕಕಾರಿಯಾಗಿದೆ. ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಾದಲ್ಲಿ ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್‍ನಲ್ಲಿ ಎಚ್ಚರಿಕೆ ಸಂದೇಶಗಳನ್ನು ನೀಡುವುದು ಸೂಕ್ತವಲ್ಲ. ಇದು ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಭಾಷೆಯ ಬಳಕೆದಾರರಿಗೆ ಅಗೌರವ ತೋರಿಸಿದಂತಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. LLM & ಯಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಅನುವಾದಗಳನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಬಂದಿಸುವ ಅವಶ್ಯವಿದ್ದರೆ ಮೊದಲು ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಚಾವಡಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಅಂತಹ ನಿಯಮವನ್ನು ಚರ್ಚಿಸಿ ಒಂದು ಸ್ಥಳಿಯ ನಿಯಮ ಪುಟವನ್ನು ರಚಿಸಿ ನಂತರ ಮುಂದಿನ ಕ್ರಮಗಳನ್ನು ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳಬೇಕು. LLM ಬಳಸಿ ಬರೆಯುವ ಬಳಕೆದಾರರನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಬಂಧಿಸುವುದು, ಅದರಲ್ಲೂ ಪಠ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿನ ದೋಷಗಳು ತೀರಾ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಇದ್ದಾಗ, ಬಳಕೆದಾರರನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಬಂಧಿಸುವ ಬದಲು, ಆ ವಿಷಯವನ್ನು ಸ್ವತಃ ಸುಧಾರಿಸುವ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡಬಹುದಿತ್ತು ಈ ಸಲಹೆಯನ್ನು ಕೆಲವು ಸಮಯದ ಹಿಂದೆ ಅವರಿಗೆ ವಿವರಿಸಿದ್ದೆ [[w:kn:special:diff/1328838#Block_Notice]]. ಇಷ್ಟೇ ಅಲ್ಲದೆ, ಈ ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕರು ಸ್ವತಃ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಾಕ್ಕೆ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್ಗಳನ್ನು ತುಳು ಭಾಷೆಗೆ ಅನುವಾದಿಸದೆಯೇ ಆಮದು ಮಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಇತರರು ಮಾಡಿದ ಸಣ್ಣ ತಪ್ಪುಗಳಿಗೆ ಕಠಿಣ ಕ್ರಮ ಕೈಗೊಳ್ಳುವ ಇವರು, ತಾವೇ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್ಗಳನ್ನು ಅನುವಾದಿಸದೆ ಆಮದು ಮಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು ಮತ್ತು ಇತರರನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಬಂದಿಸುವುದು ಪಕ್ಷಪಾತವನ್ನು ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾಗಿ ತೋರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಇದು ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕರಿಗೆ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯವನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಮಿಸುವ ಬದ್ಧತೆ ಇಲ್ಲವೇನೋ ಎಂಬ ಅನುಮಾನವನ್ನು ಮತ್ತಷ್ಟು ಬಲಪಡಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. --<span style="text-shadow: 0 0 8px silver; padding:4px; font-weight:bold; border: 2px solid blue; border-radius: 5px;">[[User:A826|A826]] · [[user_talk:A826|<big>✉</big>]] · [[Special:Contributions/A826|<big> ©</big>]]</span> ೧೨:೧೫, ೨೪ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) iq5sy8jfqctyxifedgbqj62yyzw2atu 366836 366835 2026-08-24T06:46:50Z A826 4610 /* Admin actions review */ ಪ್ರತಿಕ್ರಿಯೆ 366836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ಚಾವಡಿ ಪುಟೊ header|ಪಾತೆರಕತೆ|alpha=yes|'''ಚಾವಡಿ''' [[ತುಳು ಬಾಸೆ|ತುಳು]] ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯೊನೀತಿಲೆನ ಬಗೆಟ್, ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ದೋಸೊಲೆನ ಬಗೆಟ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ಕೆಲಸೊ ಕಾರ್ಯೊಲೆನ ಬಗೆಟ್ ಪಟ್ಟಾಂಗ ಪಾಡುನ ಮೀಚಿಲ್ ಪುಟೊ. *ಸಾದ್ಯೊ ಆಯಿನಾತ್ ಲೇಕನೊಲೆಗ್ ಸಂಬಂದಿಸಯಿನ ಪಟ್ಟಾಂಗೊಲೆನ್ ಅವ್ವೇ ಲೇಕನೊದ ಪಟ್ಟಾಂಗೊ ಪುಟೊಡು ಸೇರಾಲೆ. *ಅವ್ವೇ ಲೇಕನೊದ ಪಟ್ಟಾಂಗೊ ಪುಟೊಡು ಲೇಕನೊಗು ಸೇರಾಯರ ಬೋಡಾಯಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿದ ಬಗೆಟ್ ಅಯಿತ ಮಿತ್ತ್‌ಡ್ ಆವೊಡಾಪುನ ಬೇಲೆದ ಬಗೆಟ್ ಬರೆದ್ ದೀಡ್‍ಲೆ. *ಇತ್ತೇ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‌ಲೆನ್ ಸಾದ್ಯೊ ಆಯಿನಾತ್ ಗಲಸ್‍ಲೆ. ಪೊಸ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‍ಲೆನ್ ಸೇರಾಪುನೆಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬು ಒರೊ ನಾಡ್‍ದ್ ತೂಲೆ. *ಇಸೇಸೊ ಪುಟೊಲೆನ್ ಸಾದ್ಯೊ ಆಯಿನಾತ್ ಗಲಸ್‍ಲೆ. ಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ಅಪ್ಲೋಡ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಬಗೆಟ್ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಪಾಲಿಸಿಲೆನ್ (ಕಾರ್ಯೊನೀತಿಲೆನ್)‌ ತಯಾರ್ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡಾತೆ. *ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಸ್ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯೊಡ್ದ್ ಚಿತ್ರೊಗಾತ್ರೊ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಲೈಸೆನ್ಸ್‌ಲೆನ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‌ಲೆನ್ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯೊಡು ನಕಲ್ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡು. ಆಸಕ್ತಿ ಇತ್ತಿನಕುಲು ದುಂಬುಗು ಬತ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆವೊನ್ಲೆ. |ವಿಪಿ:ಚಾ|WP:VPPOL}} {{Archive box| {{Search box|root=ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಚಾವಡಿ|search-width=20|search-button-label=ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊಡ್ ನಾಡ್ಲೆ|search-break=yes}} *[[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಚಾವಡಿ ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊ|ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ತ ಚಾವಡಿದ ಪಾತೆರಕತೆತ ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊ]] }} __NEWSECTIONLINK__ __TOC__<div id="below_toc"></div> [[Category:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಚಾವಡಿ]] [[Category:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಲೇಸ್‍ಲು]] {{ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MABot/config |archive = ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಚಾವಡಿ ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊ/%(year)d |algo = old(30d) |counter = 1 |archiveheader = |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 2 |key = c8ef14985778fd1d5adc8ebcf551ddce }}</noinclude> <!-- Please do not change the key value above --> <!--- don't write above/ಈ ಮಿತ್ತುಡ್ ಒವ್ವೆ ಬರವು ಬರೆವೊಡ್ಚಿ ---> {{clear}} == Invitation to Participate in Kerala Culture Month 2026 == Dear Wikimedia Contributors, We are excited to announce '''[[m:Kerala_Culture_Month_2026|Kerala Culture Month 2026]]''', a collaborative campaign launched in conjunction with '''[[m:WikiConference_India_2026|WikiConference India 2026]]'''. This initiative aims to expand and enhance content about Kerala across all Wikimedia projects, creating a comprehensive, open-access knowledge base. '''Campaign Focus:''' * Expand Wikipedia articles about Kerala in multiple languages * Improve content quality with citations, images, and comprehensive information * Populate Wikimedia Commons with freely licensed Kerala media * Enrich Wikidata with structured information about Kerala-related topics We invite you to contribute by writing new articles, enhancing existing ones, uploading media, or organizing data on Wikidata. Whether you're an experienced editor or new to Wikimedia, your participation matters. For more information and to get involved, visit the campaign page: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kerala_Culture_Month_2026 on your preferred Wikimedia project. Best regards, ''Communications Team, WCI 2026'' -- [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kuldeepburjbhalaike|Kuldeepburjbhalaike]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kuldeepburjbhalaike|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೭:೧೫, ೨೬ ಜುಲಾಯಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == ವಿಕಿ ಕಾನ್ಫರೆನ್ಸ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾದ 2026ದ ಪ್ರಿ ಕಾನ್ಫರೆನ್ಸ್‌ದ ಲೆಕ್ಕೊಡು ಲೇಖನ, ವಿಕಿಡಾಟ ಸ್ಪರ್ಧೆ ಆಯೋಜನೆ == ಈ ಸ್ಪರ್ಧೆಡ್ ಮಾತೆರ್ಲಾ ಪಾಲ್‌ದೆತೊನ್ಲೆ. *[[ಕೇರಳ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ತಿಂಗೊಳು 2026]]--[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Vinoda mamatharai|Vinoda mamatharai]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Vinoda mamatharai|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೦೯:೨೮, ೨೭ ಜುಲಾಯಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == Wiki Intership Program in Kannada- Tulu Languages == <div style="width: 95%; padding: 0.5em; border: 5px solid transparent; border-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, #ccc, #ccc 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 3px) 1; margin-bottom: 1em; font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"> <hr style="border: none; height: 5px; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, #ccc, #ccc 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 3px);" /> [[File:KLW-wiki-kn.svg|40px|link=https://klw-2024-25.toolforge.org/]] '''ಕನ್ನಡ–ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಲರ್ನ್ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಶಿಪ್ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ''' <hr style="border: none; height: 5px; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, #ccc, #ccc 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 3px);" /> English:'''[[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program|Kannada–Tulu WikiLearn Internship Program]]''' is a structured capacity-building initiative based on the 7-week WikiLearn course, where selected interns participate in creating new articles, improving existing articles, proofreading Wikisource pages, creating and enhancing Wikidata items, uploading media files to Commons on Kannada, Tulu Wikipedia, and Wikisource through project-based learning over a 45-day to 3-month period with weekly mentoring and progress check-ins, and successful participants are awarded certificates and community recognition. For more information check this [[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program]] page. Kannada:'''[[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program|ಕನ್ನಡ–ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಲರ್ನ್ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಶಿಪ್ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ]]'''ವು ೭-ವಾರಗಳ ವಿಕಿಲರ್ನ್ ಕೋರ್ಸ್ ಅನ್ನು ಆಧರಿಸಿದ ರಚನಾತ್ಮಕ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ-ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಉಪಕ್ರಮವಾಗಿದ್ದು, ಆಯ್ಕೆಯಾದ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಗಳು ಕನ್ನಡ, ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಮತ್ತು ವಿಕಿಸೋರ್ಸ್ಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಹೊಸ ಲೇಖನಗಳನ್ನು ರಚಿಸುವುದು, ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಲೇಖನಗಳನ್ನು ಸುಧಾರಿಸುವುದು, ವಿಕಿಸೋರ್ಸ್ ಪುಟಗಳನ್ನು ಪ್ರೂಫ್‌ರೀಡ್ ಮಾಡುವುದು, ವಿಕಿಡೇಟಾ ಐಟಂಗಳನ್ನು ರಚಿಸುವುದು ಮತ್ತು ವರ್ಧಿಸುವುದು, ಕಾಮನ್ಸ್ಗೆ ಮಾಧ್ಯಮ ಫೈಲ್ಗಳನ್ನು ಅಪ್ಲೋಡ್ ಮಾಡುವುದು, ಸಾಪ್ತಾಹಿಕ ಮಾರ್ಗದರ್ಶನ ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರಗತಿ ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆಗಳೊಂದಿಗೆ ೪೫-ದಿನಗಳಿಂದ ೨-ತಿಂಗಳ ಅವಧಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಯೋಜನಾ-ಆಧಾರಿತ ಕಲಿಕೆಯ ಮೂಲಕ ಭಾಗವಹಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ, ಮತ್ತು ಯಶಸ್ವಿ ಪೂರ್ಣಗೊಳಿಸಿದವರಿಗೆ ಪ್ರಮಾಣಪತ್ರಗಳನ್ನು ನೀಡಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿಗೆ [[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program]] ಪುಟವನ್ನು ನೋಡಿ. Tulu= '''[[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program|ಕನ್ನಡ–ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಲರ್ನ್ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಶಿಪ್ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ]]''' ೭-ವಾರೊದ ವಿಕಿಲರ್ನ್ ಕೋರ್ಸ್ನ್ ಆಧಾರಿಸಾದ್ ರೂಪಿಸಾಯಿನ ರಚನಾತ್ಮಕ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ-ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಉಪಕ್ರಮೊ ಆದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು, ಆಯ್ಕೆಯಾಯಿನ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಗಳು ಕನ್ನಡ, ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿಕಿಸೋರ್ಸ್ಗಳೆಡ್ ಪೊಸ ಲೇಖನೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸುನಿ, ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವಡಿಪ್ಪುನ ಲೇಖನೊಲೆನ್ ಸುಧಾರಿಸುನಿ, ವಿಕಿಸೋರ್ಸ್ ಪುಟೊಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರೂಫ್‌ರೀಡ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನಿ, ವಿಕಿಡೇಟಾ ಐಟಂಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸುನಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವರ್ಧಿಸುನಿ, ಕಾಮನ್ಸ್ಗ್ ಮಾಧ್ಯಮ ಫೈಲ್ಗಳೆನ್ ಅಪ್ಲೋಡ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನಿ, ಸಾಪ್ತಾಹಿಕ ಮಾರ್ಗದರ್ಶನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರಗತಿ ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆಲೆನೊಟ್ಟಿಗೆ 45-ದಿನೊಡ್ದು 2-ತಿಂಗೊಲು ಅವಧಿಡ್ ಯೋಜನಾ-ಆಧಾರಿತ ಕಲಿಕೆದ ಮೂಲಕ ಭಾಗವಹಿಸುವೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾದ್ ಪೂರ್ಣಗೊಳಿಸವುನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಪ್ರಮಾಣಪತ್ರೊಲು ಕೊರ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಮಾಹಿತಿಗ್ ಈ [[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program]] ಪುಟೊನು ತೂಲೆ. }} Thank you,ಧನ್ಯವಾದಗಳು,ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು ---<span style="text-shadow: 0 0 8px silver; padding:4px; font-weight:bold; border: 2px solid blue; border-radius: 5px;">[[User:A826|A826]] · [[user_talk:A826|<big>✉</big>]] · [[Special:Contributions/A826|<big> ©</big>]]</span> ೧೦:೩೨, ೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:A826@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:A826/Kannada-Tulu_Project_talk_pages&oldid=30876200 --> :ಮೋಕೆತ ಎಡ್ಡೆಪುಲು --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|Bharathesha Alasandemajalu]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೩:೧೪, ೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == Logo change for 10th anniversary == {{tracked|T434176|resolved}} I would like to propose a logo change for our 10th anniversary celebration. The new logo will be used for a duration of three months. <gallery caption="Updated logos" widths="180px" heights="120px"> File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-tcy-10-alt.svg|WP 10 sitelogo for legacy vector skin File:WP10 Vector 2022 LOGO-tcy.svg|WP10 wordmark for vector 2022 skin File:WP10 Vector 2022 LINE-tcy.svg|WP10 tagline for vector 2022 skin </gallery> [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೪೭, ೫ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) ==== Discussion for logo update==== # i will support as proposer [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೫೦, ೫ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # Support - [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|Bharathesha Alasandemajalu]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೫೪, ೫ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # Support--[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kishore Kumar Rai|Kishore Kumar Rai]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kishore Kumar Rai|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೦:೦೧, ೬ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # I Support. This logo need Tulu Wikipedia 10th Anniversary --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Vishwanatha Badikana|Vishwanatha Badikana]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Vishwanatha Badikana|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೬:೪೩, ೬ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # Support ---[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Yakshitha|Yakshitha]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Yakshitha|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೮:೫೨, ೬ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # {{support}} --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Prajna gopal|Prajna gopal]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Prajna gopal|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೫:೪೯, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಕಾರ್ಯಪಡೆ: ಭಾರತೀಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆಗ್ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಅಗತ್ಯೊಲೆನ ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನೊ == ಮಾತರೆಗ್ಲಾ ನಮಸ್ಕಾರೊ, ಈರ್ ಮಾತ ಉಷಾರ್ ಉಲ್ಲಾರ್ ಪಂದ್ ಎನ್ನುವೊ! ಭಾರತೊದ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಬಾಸಾ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಅಗತ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ತೆರಿಯೊನೆರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಹಕಾರೊನ್ ಬಲಪಡುಪಾಯೆರೆ [[m:Indic_MediaWiki_Developers_User_Group|Indic MediaWiki Developers User Group]] (IMDUG) ಭಾರತೊದಾದ್ಯಂತೊ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ವಿಕಿಮೀಡಿಯಾ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಸಂಪರ್ಕೊ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ಂಡ್. ಕಳೆದ ವರ್ಸೊ, ರಡ್ಡ್ ಬಾಸಾ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕೆಲಸೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸವಾಲುಲೆನ್ ಅರ್ಥೊ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದು ಸಹಕಾರೊದ ಅವಕಾಶೊಲೆನ್ ಗುರುತಿಸೆರೆ ನಮ [[m:Indic_Community_Task_Force_2025|Indic Community Task Force 2025]] ಸೌಲಭ್ಯೊನ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಇತ್ತೊ. ನಮಕ್ ತಿಕ್ಕಿನ ಅನುಭವೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಲಹೆಲೆನ ಆಧಾರೊದ ಮಿತ್ತ್, ಮಾತಾ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ತಲುಪೆರೆ ಈ ವರ್ಸೊ ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಯನ್ ವಿಸ್ತರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದು ಉಲ್ಲೊ. ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಸಮುದಾಯೊನ್ ತಲುಪುನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಓಲು ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್ ಅಗತ್ಯೊ ಉಂಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅರ್ಥೊ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ ನಮ್ಮ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊ. === ನಮಕ್ ದಾದ ಬೋಡು? === ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊರ್ದು ಒರಿ ಅತ್ತಂಡ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಲೆನ್ ನಾಮನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ತಿರ್ತ್‌ದ ವಿವರೊಲೆನ್ ಪಟ್ಟೊನೆರೆ ಲೆಪ್ಪೊಲು ಕೊರ್ಪೊ: * ಈರೆನ ವಿಕಿಮೀಡಿಯಾ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಪುದರ್. * ಪ್ರಾಥಮಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪರ್ಯಾಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ. * ನಾಮನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಆಯಿನ ಸಂಪರ್ಕಿತರೆನ ಟೆಲಿಗ್ರಾಮ್ ಯೂಸರ್ ನೇಮ್. * ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸವಾಲುಲು, ಅಗತ್ಯೊಲು ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಆದ್ಯತೆಲೆನ ಸಂಕ್ಷಿಪ್ತ ವಿವರೊ. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಈ ತಿರ್ತ್‌ದ ವಿಷಯೊಲು ಸೇರ್ದಿಪ್ಪೊಲಿ: * ಎಡಿಟ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಗಸ್ತು (patrolling) ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಸರಿ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡಾಯಿನ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು. * ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಗ್ ಬೋಡಾಯಿನ ಗ್ಯಾಜೆಟ್‌ಲು, ಟೂಲ್‌ಲು ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಬಾಟ್‌ಲು. * ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಇಂಟರ್ಫೇಸ್‌ಗ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಿಸಾಯಿನ ಸವಾಲುಲು. * ಕೊಡುಗೆದಾರರೆಗ್ ಎದುರಾಪಿನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಅಡೆತಡೆಲು. * ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಬೇರೆ ವಾವುದೇ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಆದ್ಯತೆಲು. === ಭಾಗವಹಿಸುನೆ ಎಂಚ === ದಯವಿತ್ತ್ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಪ್ರತಿಕ್ರಿಯೆ [[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhpPdn0qgHkEiYZCXEumpV-WNWm6n8bZdfR6TIkGTcbuBOew/viewform?usp=dialog](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhpPdn0qgHkEiYZCXEumpV-WNWm6n8bZdfR6TIkGTcbuBOew/viewform?usp=dialog) form] ನ '''೧೮ ಆಗಸ್ಟ್'''ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ದಿಂಜಲೆ. ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಗ್ ಇಷ್ಟೊ ಇತ್ತೆಂಡ, ಈ ಸಂದೇಶೊಗು ನೇರವಾದ್ ಮರುಉತ್ತರೊ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರೆಲಾ ಈರೆಗ್ ಸ್ವಾಗತೊ. === ದುಂಬುಗ್ ದಾದ ಆಪುಂಡು? === ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸಾಯಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿಲು ನಮಕ್ ಉಂದೆಕ್ ಸಾಯೊ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು: * ದುಂಬುದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸಹಕಾರೊಗ್ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಸಂಪರ್ಕಿತರೆನ ನೆಟ್‌ವರ್ಕ್ ತಯಾರ್ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ. * ಭಾರತೀಯ ವಿಕಿಮೀಡಿಯಾ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಅಗತ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ಅರ್ಥೊ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದು ಆದ್ಯತೆ ಕೊರೆರೆ. * ಗಮನೊ ಕೇಂದ್ರೀಕರಿಸಾಯಿನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಯೋಜನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ. * ಸೂಕ್ತವಾಯಿನ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಡೆವಲಪರ್ಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಯೋಜನೆಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸಂಪರ್ಕೊ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ. ಈರ್ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಪಟ್ಟಿನ್ ನಮ ಜಾಗ್ರತೆಡ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆ ಮಲ್ಪುವುವೊ, ಆಂಡ ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನವು ಕೋರಿಕೆದ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣತೆ, ಯೂಸರ್ ಗ್ರೂಪ್‌ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಶಕ್ತಿ, ಸ್ವಯಂಸೇವಕರೆನ ಸಮಯೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲಭ್ಯವಿಪ್ಪುನ ಸಂಪನ್ಮೂಲೊಲೆನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಆಧಾರಿತವಾದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮಾತ ಕೋರಿಕೆನ್ ತಕ್ಷಣೊ ಸರಿ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯೊ ಆಯಿಜಿಂಡಲಾ, ಸಾಧ್ಯವಾಯಿನಷ್ಟು ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಅಗತ್ಯೊಲೆಗ್ ಆದ್ಯತೆ ಕೊರ್ದು ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೂಕ್ತವಾಯಿನ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ಸೂಕ್ತ ಡೆವಲಪರ್‌ಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸಂಪರ್ಕೊ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಮಾತ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನೊ ಮಲ್ಪುವುವೊ. ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕೈಜೋಡಿಸಾದ್ ಕೆಲಸೊ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಕಾತೊಂದು ಉಲ್ಲೊ! '''Best wishes,''' ''On behalf of the Indic MediaWiki Developers User Group (IMDUG)'' == Proposal: Standardizing Latin Digits for Dates, Times, and Math Calculations in Tulu Wikipedia == {{Tracked|T435117|open}} Hello everyone, I am writing in reference to [[Special:Permalink/363637#ತುಳುಟು ಅಂಕೆನ್ ಗಳಸುನ ಬಗೆಟ್]] to support the proposal regarding the usage of Latin digits (0, 1, 2, 3...) alongside or in place of Kannada digits (೦, ೧, ೨, ೩...) on Tulu Wikipedia. Standardizing Latin digits for specific technical areas provides several practical benefits: * '''Mathematical Calculations:''' Simplifies formulas, equations, and technical data display. * '''Dates & Times:''' Improves compatibility with automated templates, timestamps, and system functions. * '''Readability & Search:''' Makes content easier to search and navigate for broader audiences across different platforms. I strongly support implementing this change where necessary to improve Wikipedia's technical functionality while maintaining the linguistic integrity of Tulu content. Please share your thoughts and join the discussion! [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೧:೨೪, ೧೦ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) ===discussion/support=== # Support ---[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|Bharathesha Alasandemajalu]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೦೫, ೧೦ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # I suggest the use of Indo Arabic digits (0,1,2,3,..) etc. in Infoboxes, mathematical formulas, etc., and use of Kannada digits (೦,೧,೨,೩,..) also in article texts. -[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Pavanaja|ಪವನಜ ಯು. ಬಿ.]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Pavanaja|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೦:೪೨, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # Support. Tulu language numerals use the Kannada script. However, it would be better to use English numerals in Tulu writing. While English numerals are used across all templates, Kannada numbers are getting mixed into the middle during translation. For now, let Tulu use English numerals. --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Vishwanatha Badikana|Vishwanatha Badikana]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Vishwanatha Badikana|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೧:೦೨, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) #{{support}} --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Prajna gopal|Prajna gopal]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Prajna gopal|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೫:೫೭, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) #{{support}} [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Ashay vb|Ashay vb]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Ashay vb|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೬:೦೦, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # {{support}} --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Saroja MK|Saroja MK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Saroja MK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೬:೨೨, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # {{support}} -- ಎನ್ನ ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ ಉಂಡು --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kishore Kumar Rai|Kishore Kumar Rai]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kishore Kumar Rai|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೬:೫೦, ೧೨ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == ಗಡಿದಂಚಿದ ಪರಂಪರೆ - ಭಾರತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಂಪಾದನೆ ಅಭಿಯಾನ ೨೦೨೬ == {| style="border: 2px solid #FFCC00; background-color: #FFF9E6; padding: 10px; border-radius: 8px; font-family: sans-serif; width: 100%;" |- | ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಂಪಾದಕೆರೆಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಎಡ್ಡೆ ಅವಕಾಶ. ಭಾರತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ತಾಣೊಲೆನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಇತ್ತಿನ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಲೇಖನೊಲೆನ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುಧಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ವಿಶೇಷ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸಂಪಾದನೆ ಅಭಿಯಾನೊನು ಏರ್ಪಾಡ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಅಭಿಯಾನೊಡು ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಮೂಲಕ, ತುಳು ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಷೆದ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯೊಲೆಡ್ ಭಾರತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗುಣಮಟ್ಟದ ವಿಷಯೊಲೆನ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುಧಾರಿಸೆರೆ ನಿಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಅವಕಾಶ ಉಂಡು. '''ಅಭಿಯಾನೊದ ಅವಧಿ:''' 📅 ೧೫-೨೪ ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೨೦೨೬ ಈ ಅಭಿಯಾನೊಡು ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಪುನಕುಲು:<br> ✍️ ಪೊಸ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಲೇಖನೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸಾವೊಲಿ<br> 📝 ಇತ್ತಿನ ಲೇಖನೊಲೆನ್ ಸುಧಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪೊಲಿ<br> 🌏 ಭಾರತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದೇಶದ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪರಂಪರೆನ್ ಜಗತ್ತ್ ಗ್ ಪರಿಚಯ ಮಲ್ಪೊಲಿ<br> '''ಬೊಮ್ಮಾನೊಲು''' ತುಳು ಸಮುದಾಯದ ಸುರುತ 3 ವಿಜೇತರೆಗ್ <br> 🥇 ಪ್ರಥಮ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ – ₹10,000/-<br> 🥈 ರಡ್ಡನೆ ಬಹುಮಾನ – ₹5,000/-<br> 🥉 ೩ನೇ ಬಹುಮಾನ – ₹3,000/-<br> 📜 '''ಅರ್ಹತೆ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಒಂಜಿ ಡಿಜಿಟಲ್ ಪ್ರಮಾಣಪತ್ರೊನುಲಾ ತಿಕ್ಕುಂಡು'''. ಅಂಚಾದ್, ಮಲ್ಲ ಬಹುಮಾನ ಗೆಂದರೆ ತಯಾರಾದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುಲೆ! ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಂಪಾದನೆದ ಕೌಶಲ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ತೋಜಾಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭಾರತದ ಪರಂಪರೆನ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಗ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಪರಂಪರೆನ್ ಭಾರತೊಗು ಪರಿಚಯ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಈ ವಿಶೇಷ ಅಭಿಯಾನೊಡು ಭಾಗಿಯಾಲೆ. 👉 ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಅಭಿಯಾನದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ, ನಿಯಮ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯೆರೆ: https://w.wiki/TP4v ಬಲೆ, ಎಡಿಟ್ ಮಲ್ಪುಗ... ಸ್ಪರ್ಧೆಡ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಗೆತ್ತೊನ್ಗ... ಬೊಮ್ಮಾನ ಗೆಂದುಗ! 🏆🌏[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Hariprasad Shetty10|Hariprasad Shetty10]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Hariprasad Shetty10|Hariprasad Shetty10]]) |} == ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಾದ ೧೦ನೇ ವರ್ಸೊದ ಸಂಭ್ರಮದ ಉಚ್ಚಯ == <div style="background: #fffdf5; border: 2px solid #800000; border-radius: 8px; padding: 18px; margin: 15px auto; font-family: sans-serif; color: #222; line-height: 1.6;"> <!-- Banner Header --> <div style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid #ffe082; padding-bottom: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <h2 style="color: #d84315; margin: 0 0 5px 0; border: none; font-size: 22px;">[[File:TCYWIKI-10_(word).svg|125px]] ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದ ೧೦ನೇ ವರ್ಷದ ಆಚರಣೆ [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-tcy-10-alt.svg|70px]]</h2> <p style="margin: 0; font-weight: bold; color: #555;">ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಎಡ್ಡೆಪ್ಪುಲು!</p></div> <p>ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 12 ಬುಕ್ಕೊ 13ನೇ ತಾರೀಕ್ದಾನಿ ಕುಡ್ಲಡ್ ನಡಪರೆ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದ ಪತ್ತನೇ ವರ್ಷದ ಆಚರಣೆನ್ ತೆರಿಪಾವರೆ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಕುಸಿ ಆವೊಂದುಂಡು.</p> <!-- Key Event Details --> <div style="background: #fff8e1; border-left: 4px solid #ff8f00; padding: 10px 14px; margin: 12px 0;"><b>📅 ತಾರೀಕ್:</b> ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 12 ಬುಕ್ಕೊ 13<br><b>📍 ಜಾಗೆ:</b> ಕುಡ್ಲ (ಜಾಗೆ ನಿಗಾಂಟಾತ್ಜಿ)</div> <p>ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಸುರು ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿಲೆನ್ ತಂಡೊ ಆದ್ ಪಟ್ಟೊಂದು, ಒಟ್ಟು ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಈ ಮೈಲಿಗಲ್ಲ್ನ್ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಇಪ್ಪುನಂನೆ ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಎಂಕುಲು ಎದುರು ತೂವೊಂದುಲ್ಲ.</p> <p>ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿ ದೆತೊಂದು ಸ್ವಯಂಸೇವಕೆರಾದ್ ಈ ಲೇಸ್ಗ್ ಸಕಾಯೊ ಕೊರಿಯರ ಇಚ್ಚೆ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ, ದಯಮಲ್ತ್ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ತೆರಿಪಾಲೆ. ಪಾಲ್ ದೆತೊನಿಯರ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಅವಕಾಸೊ ಉಂಡು ಅಂಚನೆ ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಬೆರಸಾಯೊ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಕುಸಿಯಾಪುಂಡು.</p> <p>ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆ ಮಲ್ಲಪುನೆ - ವಿಸೇಸವಾದ್ ಒನಸ್ ತೆನಸ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಲಾಜಿಸ್ಟಿಕ್ಸ್ ಆಯೋಜಿಸಯರ ದಯಮಲ್ತ್ ಲಗತ್ತಿಸಾಯಿನ ಗೂಗಲ್ ಫಾರ್ಮ್ನ್ ಬರ್ತಿ ಮಲ್ತ್ದ್ ನಿಗ್ಲ್ ಬರ್ಪುನೆನ್ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ತೆರಿಪಾಲೆ.</p> <!-- CTA Registration Button --> <div style="text-align: center; margin: 20px 0; background: #fff8e1; color: #ffffff !important; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 4px; display: inline-block;">[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSenIOP2YtOn3bbxSU2ijO5YeYveIECUu_UovVREKz7Iy-jkjg/viewform?usp=dialog📝 ಗೂಗಲ್ ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಬರ್ತಿ ಮಲ್ಪಿ]</div> <!-- Note Box --> <div style="background: #e8f5e9; border: 1px solid #c8e6c9; border-radius: 4px; padding: 10px 14px; font-size: 14px; color: #1b5e20; margin: 12px 0;"><b>📌 ಗಮನಿಸಲೆ:</b> ನಮೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಿನ್ಯ ಬಜೆಟ್ಡ್ ಬೇಲೆ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುನೆ. ಅಯಿಡ್ದಾದ್ ನೆರೆಕರೆ ತಾಲೂಕು, ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದಗ್ಲ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆವೊನ್ಬೆರ್. ಅಂಚನೇ ದೂರೊದ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದಕ್ಲ್ ಬರೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಪಿದಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬರ್ಪುನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಉಂತುನೆಗ್ ಬೆಂಬಲೊ ಕೊರೊಂದುಲ್ಲೊ. ದೂರೊದಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಉಂತುನ ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆನ್ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡು, ಅಂಚನೆ ವನಸ್ಗ್ ಪನೊಡು ಪನ್ಪುನ ನೆಲೆಟ್ ನಿಕ್ಲ್ ಬರ್ಪುನೆನ್ ದುಂಬೆ ಪನ್ಲೆಂದ್ ವಿನಂತಿ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದುಲ್ಲೊ.</div> <p>ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಮಾತೆರೆನ್ಲಾ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದ 10 ವರ್ಸೊದ ಗೌಜಿನ್ ಒಟ್ಟಾದ್ ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಎದುರು ತೂವೊಂದುಲ್ಲೊ! 🙌</p> <!-- Signature --> <div style="text-align: right; margin-top: 15px; font-size: 14px; color: #666; border-top: 1px solid #eee; padding-top: 8px;"> ಪತ್ತನೇ ವರ್ಸೊದ ತಯಾರಿಡ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಎಡ್ಡೆಪುದ ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು.<br> <b>ಈವೆಂಟ್ ಕೋ-ಆರ್ಡಿನೇಟರ್</b>, ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಪತ್ತನೆ ವರ್ಸಾಚರಣೆ</div> </div> == Invitation to pre-conference activities for WikiConference India 2026 == Dear Wikimedia contributors, As the Wikiconference India 2026 draws nearer, the excitement is soaring as well! We are sending this message to inform you that two pre-conference activities are being held as a part of this meetup. The Wiki Loves Villages campaign 2026 starts on 15th August 2026, so get ready to contribute! This initiative aims to expand and enhance content and media about villages across all Wikimedia projects, creating a comprehensive, open-access knowledge base. Campaign Focus: A. Expand Wikipedia articles about Villages in India in multiple languages B. Improve content quality with citations, images, and comprehensive information C. Populate Wikimedia Commons with freely licensed media about a village D. Enrich Wikidata with structured information about Village-related topics We invite you to contribute by writing new articles, enhancing existing ones, uploading media, or organizing data on Wikidata. Whether you're an experienced editor or new to Wikimedia, your participation matters. For more information and to get involved, visit the campaign page ([https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Village_2026](https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Village_2026)) on your preferred Wikimedia project. Another way to contribute to a pre-conference activity is the innovative Wiki Loves Medicinal Plants 2026- it is a photography campaign hosted by WikiConference India 2026. The activity already started on 1st August and ends on 31st August 2026, so gear up to document local medicinal knowledge and fill the knowledge gaps. This initiative aims to expand and enhance freely licensed images and other media of medicinal plants in and around our surroundings. Campaign Focus: A. Add freely licensed images of medicinal plants. B. Improve description of existing medicinal plants. C. Improve depictions of images. D. Improve wikidata items. We invite you to contribute by adding new photos, videos or enhancing existing ones. Whether you're an experienced editor or new to Wikimedia, your participation matters. To know more about how to contribute, rules, and tips head to the Meta page to find information ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Medicinal_Plants](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Medicinal_Plants)) on your preferred Wikimedia project. Best regards,<br>WikiConference India 2026 pre-conference organizing team -- [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kuldeepburjbhalaike|Kuldeepburjbhalaike]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kuldeepburjbhalaike|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೧:೦೨, ೧೩ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == Admin actions review == :ಕನ್ನಡ ಮತ್ತು ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಬರೆದಿದ್ದಕ್ಕೆ ಕ್ಷಮಿಸಿ: Apologies for writing in Kannada and English: {| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:90%; border: 2px solid;" | Content in English |- | It is concerning that admin on Tulu Wikipedia are blocking and warning users without proper notice. Issuing warnings in English on Tulu Wikipedia is inappropriate and disrespectful to the local language community. If there is need for blocking admin themselves should have created a policy page locally and get approval creation of such policies from community before going extreme circurmstanses by blocking new users, Blocking users for using LLM when the errors in the text are too minimal to justify such action is unfair. where the admin themselves could have improved the content, this shows a clear lack of resolve to build wikipedia. In addition, this admin is himself importing templates from english to Tulu wikipedia without translating them into Tulu. While he takes harsh action against others for minor mistakes, his own practice of importing untranslated templates clearly demonstrates a double standard. This only reinforces the concern that the admin lacks the genuine commitment needed to build and nurture the Wikipedia community. |} ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದಲ್ಲಿ ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕ @[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ಅವರು ಸರಿಯಾದ ಸೂಚನೆ ನೀಡದೆ ಬಳಕೆದಾರರನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಬಂಧಿಸುತ್ತಿರುವುದು ಮತ್ತು ಎಚ್ಚರಿಕೆ ನೀಡುತ್ತಿರುವುದು ಆತಂಕಕಾರಿಯಾಗಿದೆ. ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಾದಲ್ಲಿ ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್‍ನಲ್ಲಿ ಎಚ್ಚರಿಕೆ ಸಂದೇಶಗಳನ್ನು ನೀಡುವುದು ಸೂಕ್ತವಲ್ಲ. ಇದು ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಭಾಷೆಯ ಬಳಕೆದಾರರಿಗೆ ಅಗೌರವ ತೋರಿಸಿದಂತಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. LLM & ಯಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಅನುವಾದಗಳನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಬಂದಿಸುವ ಅವಶ್ಯವಿದ್ದರೆ ಮೊದಲು ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಚಾವಡಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಅಂತಹ ನಿಯಮವನ್ನು ಚರ್ಚಿಸಿ ಒಂದು ಸ್ಥಳಿಯ ನಿಯಮ ಪುಟವನ್ನು ರಚಿಸಿ ನಂತರ ಮುಂದಿನ ಕ್ರಮಗಳನ್ನು ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳಬೇಕು. LLM ಬಳಸಿ ಬರೆಯುವ ಬಳಕೆದಾರರನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಬಂಧಿಸುವುದು, ಅದರಲ್ಲೂ ಪಠ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿನ ದೋಷಗಳು ತೀರಾ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಇದ್ದಾಗ, ಬಳಕೆದಾರರನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಬಂಧಿಸುವ ಬದಲು, ಆ ವಿಷಯವನ್ನು ಸ್ವತಃ ಸುಧಾರಿಸುವ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡಬಹುದಿತ್ತು ಈ ಸಲಹೆಯನ್ನು ಕೆಲವು ಸಮಯದ ಹಿಂದೆ ಅವರಿಗೆ ವಿವರಿಸಿದ್ದೆ [[w:kn:special:diff/1328838#Block_Notice]]. ಇಷ್ಟೇ ಅಲ್ಲದೆ, ಈ ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕರು ಸ್ವತಃ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಾಕ್ಕೆ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್ಗಳನ್ನು ತುಳು ಭಾಷೆಗೆ ಅನುವಾದಿಸದೆಯೇ ಆಮದು ಮಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಇತರರು ಮಾಡಿದ ಸಣ್ಣ ತಪ್ಪುಗಳಿಗೆ ಕಠಿಣ ಕ್ರಮ ಕೈಗೊಳ್ಳುವ ಇವರು, ತಾವೇ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್ಗಳನ್ನು ಅನುವಾದಿಸದೆ ಆಮದು ಮಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು ಮತ್ತು ಇತರರನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಬಂದಿಸುವುದು ಪಕ್ಷಪಾತವನ್ನು ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾಗಿ ತೋರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಇದು ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕರಿಗೆ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯವನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಮಿಸುವ ಬದ್ಧತೆ ಇಲ್ಲವೇನೋ ಎಂಬ ಅನುಮಾನವನ್ನು ಮತ್ತಷ್ಟು ಬಲಪಡಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. --<span style="text-shadow: 0 0 8px silver; padding:4px; font-weight:bold; border: 2px solid blue; border-radius: 5px;">[[User:A826|A826]] · [[user_talk:A826|<big>✉</big>]] · [[Special:Contributions/A826|<big> ©</big>]]</span> ೧೨:೧೫, ೨೪ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) :@[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Pavanaja|Pavanaja]] , @[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|Bharathesha Alasandemajalu]] ↑ ನಿಮ್ಮ ಸೂಚನೆಗೆ. --<span style="text-shadow: 0 0 8px silver; padding:4px; font-weight:bold; border: 2px solid blue; border-radius: 5px;">[[User:A826|A826]] · [[user_talk:A826|<big>✉</big>]] · [[Special:Contributions/A826|<big> ©</big>]]</span> ೧೨:೧೬, ೨೪ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) sdked0holcpn6t6lhtuzd5qs605bsps 366839 366836 2026-08-24T06:50:37Z A826 4610 /* Admin actions review */ + sysop 366839 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ಚಾವಡಿ ಪುಟೊ header|ಪಾತೆರಕತೆ|alpha=yes|'''ಚಾವಡಿ''' [[ತುಳು ಬಾಸೆ|ತುಳು]] ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯೊನೀತಿಲೆನ ಬಗೆಟ್, ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ದೋಸೊಲೆನ ಬಗೆಟ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ಕೆಲಸೊ ಕಾರ್ಯೊಲೆನ ಬಗೆಟ್ ಪಟ್ಟಾಂಗ ಪಾಡುನ ಮೀಚಿಲ್ ಪುಟೊ. *ಸಾದ್ಯೊ ಆಯಿನಾತ್ ಲೇಕನೊಲೆಗ್ ಸಂಬಂದಿಸಯಿನ ಪಟ್ಟಾಂಗೊಲೆನ್ ಅವ್ವೇ ಲೇಕನೊದ ಪಟ್ಟಾಂಗೊ ಪುಟೊಡು ಸೇರಾಲೆ. *ಅವ್ವೇ ಲೇಕನೊದ ಪಟ್ಟಾಂಗೊ ಪುಟೊಡು ಲೇಕನೊಗು ಸೇರಾಯರ ಬೋಡಾಯಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿದ ಬಗೆಟ್ ಅಯಿತ ಮಿತ್ತ್‌ಡ್ ಆವೊಡಾಪುನ ಬೇಲೆದ ಬಗೆಟ್ ಬರೆದ್ ದೀಡ್‍ಲೆ. *ಇತ್ತೇ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‌ಲೆನ್ ಸಾದ್ಯೊ ಆಯಿನಾತ್ ಗಲಸ್‍ಲೆ. ಪೊಸ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‍ಲೆನ್ ಸೇರಾಪುನೆಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬು ಒರೊ ನಾಡ್‍ದ್ ತೂಲೆ. *ಇಸೇಸೊ ಪುಟೊಲೆನ್ ಸಾದ್ಯೊ ಆಯಿನಾತ್ ಗಲಸ್‍ಲೆ. ಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ಅಪ್ಲೋಡ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಬಗೆಟ್ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಪಾಲಿಸಿಲೆನ್ (ಕಾರ್ಯೊನೀತಿಲೆನ್)‌ ತಯಾರ್ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡಾತೆ. *ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಸ್ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯೊಡ್ದ್ ಚಿತ್ರೊಗಾತ್ರೊ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಲೈಸೆನ್ಸ್‌ಲೆನ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‌ಲೆನ್ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯೊಡು ನಕಲ್ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡು. ಆಸಕ್ತಿ ಇತ್ತಿನಕುಲು ದುಂಬುಗು ಬತ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆವೊನ್ಲೆ. |ವಿಪಿ:ಚಾ|WP:VPPOL}} {{Archive box| {{Search box|root=ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಚಾವಡಿ|search-width=20|search-button-label=ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊಡ್ ನಾಡ್ಲೆ|search-break=yes}} *[[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಚಾವಡಿ ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊ|ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ತ ಚಾವಡಿದ ಪಾತೆರಕತೆತ ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊ]] }} __NEWSECTIONLINK__ __TOC__<div id="below_toc"></div> [[Category:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಚಾವಡಿ]] [[Category:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಲೇಸ್‍ಲು]] {{ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MABot/config |archive = ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಚಾವಡಿ ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊ/%(year)d |algo = old(30d) |counter = 1 |archiveheader = |minthreadstoarchive = 1 |minthreadsleft = 2 |key = c8ef14985778fd1d5adc8ebcf551ddce }}</noinclude> <!-- Please do not change the key value above --> <!--- don't write above/ಈ ಮಿತ್ತುಡ್ ಒವ್ವೆ ಬರವು ಬರೆವೊಡ್ಚಿ ---> {{clear}} == Invitation to Participate in Kerala Culture Month 2026 == Dear Wikimedia Contributors, We are excited to announce '''[[m:Kerala_Culture_Month_2026|Kerala Culture Month 2026]]''', a collaborative campaign launched in conjunction with '''[[m:WikiConference_India_2026|WikiConference India 2026]]'''. This initiative aims to expand and enhance content about Kerala across all Wikimedia projects, creating a comprehensive, open-access knowledge base. '''Campaign Focus:''' * Expand Wikipedia articles about Kerala in multiple languages * Improve content quality with citations, images, and comprehensive information * Populate Wikimedia Commons with freely licensed Kerala media * Enrich Wikidata with structured information about Kerala-related topics We invite you to contribute by writing new articles, enhancing existing ones, uploading media, or organizing data on Wikidata. Whether you're an experienced editor or new to Wikimedia, your participation matters. For more information and to get involved, visit the campaign page: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Kerala_Culture_Month_2026 on your preferred Wikimedia project. Best regards, ''Communications Team, WCI 2026'' -- [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kuldeepburjbhalaike|Kuldeepburjbhalaike]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kuldeepburjbhalaike|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೭:೧೫, ೨೬ ಜುಲಾಯಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == ವಿಕಿ ಕಾನ್ಫರೆನ್ಸ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾದ 2026ದ ಪ್ರಿ ಕಾನ್ಫರೆನ್ಸ್‌ದ ಲೆಕ್ಕೊಡು ಲೇಖನ, ವಿಕಿಡಾಟ ಸ್ಪರ್ಧೆ ಆಯೋಜನೆ == ಈ ಸ್ಪರ್ಧೆಡ್ ಮಾತೆರ್ಲಾ ಪಾಲ್‌ದೆತೊನ್ಲೆ. *[[ಕೇರಳ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ತಿಂಗೊಳು 2026]]--[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Vinoda mamatharai|Vinoda mamatharai]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Vinoda mamatharai|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೦೯:೨೮, ೨೭ ಜುಲಾಯಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == Wiki Intership Program in Kannada- Tulu Languages == <div style="width: 95%; padding: 0.5em; border: 5px solid transparent; border-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, #ccc, #ccc 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 3px) 1; margin-bottom: 1em; font-size: 95%; text-align: center;"> <hr style="border: none; height: 5px; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, #ccc, #ccc 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 3px);" /> [[File:KLW-wiki-kn.svg|40px|link=https://klw-2024-25.toolforge.org/]] '''ಕನ್ನಡ–ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಲರ್ನ್ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಶಿಪ್ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ''' <hr style="border: none; height: 5px; background-image: repeating-linear-gradient(-45deg, #ccc, #ccc 1px, transparent 1px, transparent 3px);" /> English:'''[[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program|Kannada–Tulu WikiLearn Internship Program]]''' is a structured capacity-building initiative based on the 7-week WikiLearn course, where selected interns participate in creating new articles, improving existing articles, proofreading Wikisource pages, creating and enhancing Wikidata items, uploading media files to Commons on Kannada, Tulu Wikipedia, and Wikisource through project-based learning over a 45-day to 3-month period with weekly mentoring and progress check-ins, and successful participants are awarded certificates and community recognition. For more information check this [[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program]] page. Kannada:'''[[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program|ಕನ್ನಡ–ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಲರ್ನ್ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಶಿಪ್ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ]]'''ವು ೭-ವಾರಗಳ ವಿಕಿಲರ್ನ್ ಕೋರ್ಸ್ ಅನ್ನು ಆಧರಿಸಿದ ರಚನಾತ್ಮಕ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ-ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಉಪಕ್ರಮವಾಗಿದ್ದು, ಆಯ್ಕೆಯಾದ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಗಳು ಕನ್ನಡ, ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಮತ್ತು ವಿಕಿಸೋರ್ಸ್ಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಹೊಸ ಲೇಖನಗಳನ್ನು ರಚಿಸುವುದು, ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಲೇಖನಗಳನ್ನು ಸುಧಾರಿಸುವುದು, ವಿಕಿಸೋರ್ಸ್ ಪುಟಗಳನ್ನು ಪ್ರೂಫ್‌ರೀಡ್ ಮಾಡುವುದು, ವಿಕಿಡೇಟಾ ಐಟಂಗಳನ್ನು ರಚಿಸುವುದು ಮತ್ತು ವರ್ಧಿಸುವುದು, ಕಾಮನ್ಸ್ಗೆ ಮಾಧ್ಯಮ ಫೈಲ್ಗಳನ್ನು ಅಪ್ಲೋಡ್ ಮಾಡುವುದು, ಸಾಪ್ತಾಹಿಕ ಮಾರ್ಗದರ್ಶನ ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರಗತಿ ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆಗಳೊಂದಿಗೆ ೪೫-ದಿನಗಳಿಂದ ೨-ತಿಂಗಳ ಅವಧಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಯೋಜನಾ-ಆಧಾರಿತ ಕಲಿಕೆಯ ಮೂಲಕ ಭಾಗವಹಿಸುತ್ತಾರೆ, ಮತ್ತು ಯಶಸ್ವಿ ಪೂರ್ಣಗೊಳಿಸಿದವರಿಗೆ ಪ್ರಮಾಣಪತ್ರಗಳನ್ನು ನೀಡಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿಗೆ [[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program]] ಪುಟವನ್ನು ನೋಡಿ. Tulu= '''[[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program|ಕನ್ನಡ–ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಲರ್ನ್ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಶಿಪ್ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ]]''' ೭-ವಾರೊದ ವಿಕಿಲರ್ನ್ ಕೋರ್ಸ್ನ್ ಆಧಾರಿಸಾದ್ ರೂಪಿಸಾಯಿನ ರಚನಾತ್ಮಕ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ-ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಉಪಕ್ರಮೊ ಆದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು, ಆಯ್ಕೆಯಾಯಿನ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಗಳು ಕನ್ನಡ, ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿಕಿಸೋರ್ಸ್ಗಳೆಡ್ ಪೊಸ ಲೇಖನೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸುನಿ, ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವಡಿಪ್ಪುನ ಲೇಖನೊಲೆನ್ ಸುಧಾರಿಸುನಿ, ವಿಕಿಸೋರ್ಸ್ ಪುಟೊಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರೂಫ್‌ರೀಡ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನಿ, ವಿಕಿಡೇಟಾ ಐಟಂಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸುನಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವರ್ಧಿಸುನಿ, ಕಾಮನ್ಸ್ಗ್ ಮಾಧ್ಯಮ ಫೈಲ್ಗಳೆನ್ ಅಪ್ಲೋಡ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನಿ, ಸಾಪ್ತಾಹಿಕ ಮಾರ್ಗದರ್ಶನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರಗತಿ ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆಲೆನೊಟ್ಟಿಗೆ 45-ದಿನೊಡ್ದು 2-ತಿಂಗೊಲು ಅವಧಿಡ್ ಯೋಜನಾ-ಆಧಾರಿತ ಕಲಿಕೆದ ಮೂಲಕ ಭಾಗವಹಿಸುವೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾದ್ ಪೂರ್ಣಗೊಳಿಸವುನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಪ್ರಮಾಣಪತ್ರೊಲು ಕೊರ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಮಾಹಿತಿಗ್ ಈ [[meta:Kannada-Tulu Wikilearn/Internship_program]] ಪುಟೊನು ತೂಲೆ. }} Thank you,ಧನ್ಯವಾದಗಳು,ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು ---<span style="text-shadow: 0 0 8px silver; padding:4px; font-weight:bold; border: 2px solid blue; border-radius: 5px;">[[User:A826|A826]] · [[user_talk:A826|<big>✉</big>]] · [[Special:Contributions/A826|<big> ©</big>]]</span> ೧೦:೩೨, ೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:A826@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:A826/Kannada-Tulu_Project_talk_pages&oldid=30876200 --> :ಮೋಕೆತ ಎಡ್ಡೆಪುಲು --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|Bharathesha Alasandemajalu]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೩:೧೪, ೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == Logo change for 10th anniversary == {{tracked|T434176|resolved}} I would like to propose a logo change for our 10th anniversary celebration. The new logo will be used for a duration of three months. <gallery caption="Updated logos" widths="180px" heights="120px"> File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-tcy-10-alt.svg|WP 10 sitelogo for legacy vector skin File:WP10 Vector 2022 LOGO-tcy.svg|WP10 wordmark for vector 2022 skin File:WP10 Vector 2022 LINE-tcy.svg|WP10 tagline for vector 2022 skin </gallery> [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೪೭, ೫ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) ==== Discussion for logo update==== # i will support as proposer [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೫೦, ೫ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # Support - [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|Bharathesha Alasandemajalu]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೫೪, ೫ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # Support--[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kishore Kumar Rai|Kishore Kumar Rai]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kishore Kumar Rai|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೦:೦೧, ೬ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # I Support. This logo need Tulu Wikipedia 10th Anniversary --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Vishwanatha Badikana|Vishwanatha Badikana]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Vishwanatha Badikana|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೬:೪೩, ೬ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # Support ---[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Yakshitha|Yakshitha]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Yakshitha|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೮:೫೨, ೬ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # {{support}} --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Prajna gopal|Prajna gopal]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Prajna gopal|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೫:೪೯, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಕಾರ್ಯಪಡೆ: ಭಾರತೀಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆಗ್ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಅಗತ್ಯೊಲೆನ ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನೊ == ಮಾತರೆಗ್ಲಾ ನಮಸ್ಕಾರೊ, ಈರ್ ಮಾತ ಉಷಾರ್ ಉಲ್ಲಾರ್ ಪಂದ್ ಎನ್ನುವೊ! ಭಾರತೊದ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಬಾಸಾ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಅಗತ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ತೆರಿಯೊನೆರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಹಕಾರೊನ್ ಬಲಪಡುಪಾಯೆರೆ [[m:Indic_MediaWiki_Developers_User_Group|Indic MediaWiki Developers User Group]] (IMDUG) ಭಾರತೊದಾದ್ಯಂತೊ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ವಿಕಿಮೀಡಿಯಾ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಸಂಪರ್ಕೊ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ಂಡ್. ಕಳೆದ ವರ್ಸೊ, ರಡ್ಡ್ ಬಾಸಾ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕೆಲಸೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸವಾಲುಲೆನ್ ಅರ್ಥೊ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದು ಸಹಕಾರೊದ ಅವಕಾಶೊಲೆನ್ ಗುರುತಿಸೆರೆ ನಮ [[m:Indic_Community_Task_Force_2025|Indic Community Task Force 2025]] ಸೌಲಭ್ಯೊನ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಇತ್ತೊ. ನಮಕ್ ತಿಕ್ಕಿನ ಅನುಭವೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಲಹೆಲೆನ ಆಧಾರೊದ ಮಿತ್ತ್, ಮಾತಾ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ತಲುಪೆರೆ ಈ ವರ್ಸೊ ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಯನ್ ವಿಸ್ತರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದು ಉಲ್ಲೊ. ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಸಮುದಾಯೊನ್ ತಲುಪುನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಓಲು ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್ ಅಗತ್ಯೊ ಉಂಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅರ್ಥೊ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ ನಮ್ಮ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊ. === ನಮಕ್ ದಾದ ಬೋಡು? === ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊರ್ದು ಒರಿ ಅತ್ತಂಡ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಲೆನ್ ನಾಮನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ತಿರ್ತ್‌ದ ವಿವರೊಲೆನ್ ಪಟ್ಟೊನೆರೆ ಲೆಪ್ಪೊಲು ಕೊರ್ಪೊ: * ಈರೆನ ವಿಕಿಮೀಡಿಯಾ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಪುದರ್. * ಪ್ರಾಥಮಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪರ್ಯಾಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ. * ನಾಮನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಆಯಿನ ಸಂಪರ್ಕಿತರೆನ ಟೆಲಿಗ್ರಾಮ್ ಯೂಸರ್ ನೇಮ್. * ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸವಾಲುಲು, ಅಗತ್ಯೊಲು ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಆದ್ಯತೆಲೆನ ಸಂಕ್ಷಿಪ್ತ ವಿವರೊ. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಈ ತಿರ್ತ್‌ದ ವಿಷಯೊಲು ಸೇರ್ದಿಪ್ಪೊಲಿ: * ಎಡಿಟ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಗಸ್ತು (patrolling) ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಸರಿ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡಾಯಿನ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು. * ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಗ್ ಬೋಡಾಯಿನ ಗ್ಯಾಜೆಟ್‌ಲು, ಟೂಲ್‌ಲು ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಬಾಟ್‌ಲು. * ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಇಂಟರ್ಫೇಸ್‌ಗ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಿಸಾಯಿನ ಸವಾಲುಲು. * ಕೊಡುಗೆದಾರರೆಗ್ ಎದುರಾಪಿನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಅಡೆತಡೆಲು. * ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಬೇರೆ ವಾವುದೇ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಆದ್ಯತೆಲು. === ಭಾಗವಹಿಸುನೆ ಎಂಚ === ದಯವಿತ್ತ್ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಪ್ರತಿಕ್ರಿಯೆ [[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhpPdn0qgHkEiYZCXEumpV-WNWm6n8bZdfR6TIkGTcbuBOew/viewform?usp=dialog](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdhpPdn0qgHkEiYZCXEumpV-WNWm6n8bZdfR6TIkGTcbuBOew/viewform?usp=dialog) form] ನ '''೧೮ ಆಗಸ್ಟ್'''ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ದಿಂಜಲೆ. ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಗ್ ಇಷ್ಟೊ ಇತ್ತೆಂಡ, ಈ ಸಂದೇಶೊಗು ನೇರವಾದ್ ಮರುಉತ್ತರೊ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರೆಲಾ ಈರೆಗ್ ಸ್ವಾಗತೊ. === ದುಂಬುಗ್ ದಾದ ಆಪುಂಡು? === ಸಂಗ್ರಹಿಸಾಯಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿಲು ನಮಕ್ ಉಂದೆಕ್ ಸಾಯೊ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು: * ದುಂಬುದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸಹಕಾರೊಗ್ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಸಂಪರ್ಕಿತರೆನ ನೆಟ್‌ವರ್ಕ್ ತಯಾರ್ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ. * ಭಾರತೀಯ ವಿಕಿಮೀಡಿಯಾ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಅಗತ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ಅರ್ಥೊ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದು ಆದ್ಯತೆ ಕೊರೆರೆ. * ಗಮನೊ ಕೇಂದ್ರೀಕರಿಸಾಯಿನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಯೋಜನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ. * ಸೂಕ್ತವಾಯಿನ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಡೆವಲಪರ್ಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಯೋಜನೆಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸಂಪರ್ಕೊ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ. ಈರ್ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಪಟ್ಟಿನ್ ನಮ ಜಾಗ್ರತೆಡ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲನೆ ಮಲ್ಪುವುವೊ, ಆಂಡ ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನವು ಕೋರಿಕೆದ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣತೆ, ಯೂಸರ್ ಗ್ರೂಪ್‌ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಶಕ್ತಿ, ಸ್ವಯಂಸೇವಕರೆನ ಸಮಯೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲಭ್ಯವಿಪ್ಪುನ ಸಂಪನ್ಮೂಲೊಲೆನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಆಧಾರಿತವಾದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮಾತ ಕೋರಿಕೆನ್ ತಕ್ಷಣೊ ಸರಿ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯೊ ಆಯಿಜಿಂಡಲಾ, ಸಾಧ್ಯವಾಯಿನಷ್ಟು ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಅಗತ್ಯೊಲೆಗ್ ಆದ್ಯತೆ ಕೊರ್ದು ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೂಕ್ತವಾಯಿನ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ಸೂಕ್ತ ಡೆವಲಪರ್‌ಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸಂಪರ್ಕೊ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಮಾತ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನೊ ಮಲ್ಪುವುವೊ. ಈರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕೈಜೋಡಿಸಾದ್ ಕೆಲಸೊ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಕಾತೊಂದು ಉಲ್ಲೊ! '''Best wishes,''' ''On behalf of the Indic MediaWiki Developers User Group (IMDUG)'' == Proposal: Standardizing Latin Digits for Dates, Times, and Math Calculations in Tulu Wikipedia == {{Tracked|T435117|open}} Hello everyone, I am writing in reference to [[Special:Permalink/363637#ತುಳುಟು ಅಂಕೆನ್ ಗಳಸುನ ಬಗೆಟ್]] to support the proposal regarding the usage of Latin digits (0, 1, 2, 3...) alongside or in place of Kannada digits (೦, ೧, ೨, ೩...) on Tulu Wikipedia. Standardizing Latin digits for specific technical areas provides several practical benefits: * '''Mathematical Calculations:''' Simplifies formulas, equations, and technical data display. * '''Dates & Times:''' Improves compatibility with automated templates, timestamps, and system functions. * '''Readability & Search:''' Makes content easier to search and navigate for broader audiences across different platforms. I strongly support implementing this change where necessary to improve Wikipedia's technical functionality while maintaining the linguistic integrity of Tulu content. Please share your thoughts and join the discussion! [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೧:೨೪, ೧೦ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) ===discussion/support=== # Support ---[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|Bharathesha Alasandemajalu]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೦೫, ೧೦ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # I suggest the use of Indo Arabic digits (0,1,2,3,..) etc. in Infoboxes, mathematical formulas, etc., and use of Kannada digits (೦,೧,೨,೩,..) also in article texts. -[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Pavanaja|ಪವನಜ ಯು. ಬಿ.]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Pavanaja|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೦:೪೨, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # Support. Tulu language numerals use the Kannada script. However, it would be better to use English numerals in Tulu writing. While English numerals are used across all templates, Kannada numbers are getting mixed into the middle during translation. For now, let Tulu use English numerals. --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Vishwanatha Badikana|Vishwanatha Badikana]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Vishwanatha Badikana|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೧:೦೨, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) #{{support}} --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Prajna gopal|Prajna gopal]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Prajna gopal|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೫:೫೭, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) #{{support}} [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Ashay vb|Ashay vb]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Ashay vb|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೬:೦೦, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # {{support}} --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Saroja MK|Saroja MK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Saroja MK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೬:೨೨, ೧೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) # {{support}} -- ಎನ್ನ ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ ಉಂಡು --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kishore Kumar Rai|Kishore Kumar Rai]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kishore Kumar Rai|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೬:೫೦, ೧೨ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == ಗಡಿದಂಚಿದ ಪರಂಪರೆ - ಭಾರತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಂಪಾದನೆ ಅಭಿಯಾನ ೨೦೨೬ == {| style="border: 2px solid #FFCC00; background-color: #FFF9E6; padding: 10px; border-radius: 8px; font-family: sans-serif; width: 100%;" |- | ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಂಪಾದಕೆರೆಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಎಡ್ಡೆ ಅವಕಾಶ. ಭಾರತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ತಾಣೊಲೆನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಇತ್ತಿನ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಲೇಖನೊಲೆನ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುಧಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ವಿಶೇಷ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸಂಪಾದನೆ ಅಭಿಯಾನೊನು ಏರ್ಪಾಡ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಅಭಿಯಾನೊಡು ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಮೂಲಕ, ತುಳು ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಷೆದ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯೊಲೆಡ್ ಭಾರತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗುಣಮಟ್ಟದ ವಿಷಯೊಲೆನ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುಧಾರಿಸೆರೆ ನಿಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಅವಕಾಶ ಉಂಡು. '''ಅಭಿಯಾನೊದ ಅವಧಿ:''' 📅 ೧೫-೨೪ ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೨೦೨೬ ಈ ಅಭಿಯಾನೊಡು ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಪುನಕುಲು:<br> ✍️ ಪೊಸ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಲೇಖನೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸಾವೊಲಿ<br> 📝 ಇತ್ತಿನ ಲೇಖನೊಲೆನ್ ಸುಧಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪೊಲಿ<br> 🌏 ಭಾರತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದೇಶದ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪರಂಪರೆನ್ ಜಗತ್ತ್ ಗ್ ಪರಿಚಯ ಮಲ್ಪೊಲಿ<br> '''ಬೊಮ್ಮಾನೊಲು''' ತುಳು ಸಮುದಾಯದ ಸುರುತ 3 ವಿಜೇತರೆಗ್ <br> 🥇 ಪ್ರಥಮ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ – ₹10,000/-<br> 🥈 ರಡ್ಡನೆ ಬಹುಮಾನ – ₹5,000/-<br> 🥉 ೩ನೇ ಬಹುಮಾನ – ₹3,000/-<br> 📜 '''ಅರ್ಹತೆ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಒಂಜಿ ಡಿಜಿಟಲ್ ಪ್ರಮಾಣಪತ್ರೊನುಲಾ ತಿಕ್ಕುಂಡು'''. ಅಂಚಾದ್, ಮಲ್ಲ ಬಹುಮಾನ ಗೆಂದರೆ ತಯಾರಾದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುಲೆ! ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಂಪಾದನೆದ ಕೌಶಲ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ತೋಜಾಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭಾರತದ ಪರಂಪರೆನ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಗ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಪರಂಪರೆನ್ ಭಾರತೊಗು ಪರಿಚಯ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಈ ವಿಶೇಷ ಅಭಿಯಾನೊಡು ಭಾಗಿಯಾಲೆ. 👉 ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಅಭಿಯಾನದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ, ನಿಯಮ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯೆರೆ: https://w.wiki/TP4v ಬಲೆ, ಎಡಿಟ್ ಮಲ್ಪುಗ... ಸ್ಪರ್ಧೆಡ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಗೆತ್ತೊನ್ಗ... ಬೊಮ್ಮಾನ ಗೆಂದುಗ! 🏆🌏[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Hariprasad Shetty10|Hariprasad Shetty10]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Hariprasad Shetty10|Hariprasad Shetty10]]) |} == ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಾದ ೧೦ನೇ ವರ್ಸೊದ ಸಂಭ್ರಮದ ಉಚ್ಚಯ == <div style="background: #fffdf5; border: 2px solid #800000; border-radius: 8px; padding: 18px; margin: 15px auto; font-family: sans-serif; color: #222; line-height: 1.6;"> <!-- Banner Header --> <div style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid #ffe082; padding-bottom: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <h2 style="color: #d84315; margin: 0 0 5px 0; border: none; font-size: 22px;">[[File:TCYWIKI-10_(word).svg|125px]] ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದ ೧೦ನೇ ವರ್ಷದ ಆಚರಣೆ [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-tcy-10-alt.svg|70px]]</h2> <p style="margin: 0; font-weight: bold; color: #555;">ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಎಡ್ಡೆಪ್ಪುಲು!</p></div> <p>ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 12 ಬುಕ್ಕೊ 13ನೇ ತಾರೀಕ್ದಾನಿ ಕುಡ್ಲಡ್ ನಡಪರೆ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದ ಪತ್ತನೇ ವರ್ಷದ ಆಚರಣೆನ್ ತೆರಿಪಾವರೆ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಕುಸಿ ಆವೊಂದುಂಡು.</p> <!-- Key Event Details --> <div style="background: #fff8e1; border-left: 4px solid #ff8f00; padding: 10px 14px; margin: 12px 0;"><b>📅 ತಾರೀಕ್:</b> ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 12 ಬುಕ್ಕೊ 13<br><b>📍 ಜಾಗೆ:</b> ಕುಡ್ಲ (ಜಾಗೆ ನಿಗಾಂಟಾತ್ಜಿ)</div> <p>ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಸುರು ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿಲೆನ್ ತಂಡೊ ಆದ್ ಪಟ್ಟೊಂದು, ಒಟ್ಟು ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಈ ಮೈಲಿಗಲ್ಲ್ನ್ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಇಪ್ಪುನಂನೆ ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಎಂಕುಲು ಎದುರು ತೂವೊಂದುಲ್ಲ.</p> <p>ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿ ದೆತೊಂದು ಸ್ವಯಂಸೇವಕೆರಾದ್ ಈ ಲೇಸ್ಗ್ ಸಕಾಯೊ ಕೊರಿಯರ ಇಚ್ಚೆ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ, ದಯಮಲ್ತ್ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ತೆರಿಪಾಲೆ. ಪಾಲ್ ದೆತೊನಿಯರ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಅವಕಾಸೊ ಉಂಡು ಅಂಚನೆ ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಬೆರಸಾಯೊ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಕುಸಿಯಾಪುಂಡು.</p> <p>ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆ ಮಲ್ಲಪುನೆ - ವಿಸೇಸವಾದ್ ಒನಸ್ ತೆನಸ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಲಾಜಿಸ್ಟಿಕ್ಸ್ ಆಯೋಜಿಸಯರ ದಯಮಲ್ತ್ ಲಗತ್ತಿಸಾಯಿನ ಗೂಗಲ್ ಫಾರ್ಮ್ನ್ ಬರ್ತಿ ಮಲ್ತ್ದ್ ನಿಗ್ಲ್ ಬರ್ಪುನೆನ್ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ತೆರಿಪಾಲೆ.</p> <!-- CTA Registration Button --> <div style="text-align: center; margin: 20px 0; background: #fff8e1; color: #ffffff !important; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 4px; display: inline-block;">[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSenIOP2YtOn3bbxSU2ijO5YeYveIECUu_UovVREKz7Iy-jkjg/viewform?usp=dialog📝 ಗೂಗಲ್ ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಬರ್ತಿ ಮಲ್ಪಿ]</div> <!-- Note Box --> <div style="background: #e8f5e9; border: 1px solid #c8e6c9; border-radius: 4px; padding: 10px 14px; font-size: 14px; color: #1b5e20; margin: 12px 0;"><b>📌 ಗಮನಿಸಲೆ:</b> ನಮೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಿನ್ಯ ಬಜೆಟ್ಡ್ ಬೇಲೆ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುನೆ. ಅಯಿಡ್ದಾದ್ ನೆರೆಕರೆ ತಾಲೂಕು, ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದಗ್ಲ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆವೊನ್ಬೆರ್. ಅಂಚನೇ ದೂರೊದ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದಕ್ಲ್ ಬರೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಪಿದಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬರ್ಪುನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಉಂತುನೆಗ್ ಬೆಂಬಲೊ ಕೊರೊಂದುಲ್ಲೊ. ದೂರೊದಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಉಂತುನ ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆನ್ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡು, ಅಂಚನೆ ವನಸ್ಗ್ ಪನೊಡು ಪನ್ಪುನ ನೆಲೆಟ್ ನಿಕ್ಲ್ ಬರ್ಪುನೆನ್ ದುಂಬೆ ಪನ್ಲೆಂದ್ ವಿನಂತಿ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದುಲ್ಲೊ.</div> <p>ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಮಾತೆರೆನ್ಲಾ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದ 10 ವರ್ಸೊದ ಗೌಜಿನ್ ಒಟ್ಟಾದ್ ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಎದುರು ತೂವೊಂದುಲ್ಲೊ! 🙌</p> <!-- Signature --> <div style="text-align: right; margin-top: 15px; font-size: 14px; color: #666; border-top: 1px solid #eee; padding-top: 8px;"> ಪತ್ತನೇ ವರ್ಸೊದ ತಯಾರಿಡ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಎಡ್ಡೆಪುದ ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು.<br> <b>ಈವೆಂಟ್ ಕೋ-ಆರ್ಡಿನೇಟರ್</b>, ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಪತ್ತನೆ ವರ್ಸಾಚರಣೆ</div> </div> == Invitation to pre-conference activities for WikiConference India 2026 == Dear Wikimedia contributors, As the Wikiconference India 2026 draws nearer, the excitement is soaring as well! We are sending this message to inform you that two pre-conference activities are being held as a part of this meetup. The Wiki Loves Villages campaign 2026 starts on 15th August 2026, so get ready to contribute! This initiative aims to expand and enhance content and media about villages across all Wikimedia projects, creating a comprehensive, open-access knowledge base. Campaign Focus: A. Expand Wikipedia articles about Villages in India in multiple languages B. Improve content quality with citations, images, and comprehensive information C. Populate Wikimedia Commons with freely licensed media about a village D. Enrich Wikidata with structured information about Village-related topics We invite you to contribute by writing new articles, enhancing existing ones, uploading media, or organizing data on Wikidata. Whether you're an experienced editor or new to Wikimedia, your participation matters. For more information and to get involved, visit the campaign page ([https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Village_2026](https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Village_2026)) on your preferred Wikimedia project. Another way to contribute to a pre-conference activity is the innovative Wiki Loves Medicinal Plants 2026- it is a photography campaign hosted by WikiConference India 2026. The activity already started on 1st August and ends on 31st August 2026, so gear up to document local medicinal knowledge and fill the knowledge gaps. This initiative aims to expand and enhance freely licensed images and other media of medicinal plants in and around our surroundings. Campaign Focus: A. Add freely licensed images of medicinal plants. B. Improve description of existing medicinal plants. C. Improve depictions of images. D. Improve wikidata items. We invite you to contribute by adding new photos, videos or enhancing existing ones. Whether you're an experienced editor or new to Wikimedia, your participation matters. To know more about how to contribute, rules, and tips head to the Meta page to find information ([https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Medicinal_Plants](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Wiki_Loves_Medicinal_Plants)) on your preferred Wikimedia project. Best regards,<br>WikiConference India 2026 pre-conference organizing team -- [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kuldeepburjbhalaike|Kuldeepburjbhalaike]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kuldeepburjbhalaike|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೧:೦೨, ೧೩ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == Admin actions review == :ಕನ್ನಡ ಮತ್ತು ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಬರೆದಿದ್ದಕ್ಕೆ ಕ್ಷಮಿಸಿ: Apologies for writing in Kannada and English: {| class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:90%; border: 2px solid;" | Content in English |- | It is concerning that admin on Tulu Wikipedia are blocking and warning users without proper notice. Issuing warnings in English on Tulu Wikipedia is inappropriate and disrespectful to the local language community. If there is need for blocking admin themselves should have created a policy page locally and get approval creation of such policies from community before going extreme circurmstanses by blocking new users, Blocking users for using LLM when the errors in the text are too minimal to justify such action is unfair. where the admin themselves could have improved the content, this shows a clear lack of resolve to build wikipedia. In addition, this admin is himself importing templates from english to Tulu wikipedia without translating them into Tulu. While he takes harsh action against others for minor mistakes, his own practice of importing untranslated templates clearly demonstrates a double standard. This only reinforces the concern that the admin lacks the genuine commitment needed to build and nurture the Wikipedia community. |} ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದಲ್ಲಿ ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕ @[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ಅವರು ಸರಿಯಾದ ಸೂಚನೆ ನೀಡದೆ ಬಳಕೆದಾರರನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಬಂಧಿಸುತ್ತಿರುವುದು ಮತ್ತು ಎಚ್ಚರಿಕೆ ನೀಡುತ್ತಿರುವುದು ಆತಂಕಕಾರಿಯಾಗಿದೆ. ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಾದಲ್ಲಿ ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್‍ನಲ್ಲಿ ಎಚ್ಚರಿಕೆ ಸಂದೇಶಗಳನ್ನು ನೀಡುವುದು ಸೂಕ್ತವಲ್ಲ. ಇದು ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಭಾಷೆಯ ಬಳಕೆದಾರರಿಗೆ ಅಗೌರವ ತೋರಿಸಿದಂತಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. LLM & ಯಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಅನುವಾದಗಳನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಬಂದಿಸುವ ಅವಶ್ಯವಿದ್ದರೆ ಮೊದಲು ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಚಾವಡಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಅಂತಹ ನಿಯಮವನ್ನು ಚರ್ಚಿಸಿ ಒಂದು ಸ್ಥಳಿಯ ನಿಯಮ ಪುಟವನ್ನು ರಚಿಸಿ ನಂತರ ಮುಂದಿನ ಕ್ರಮಗಳನ್ನು ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳಬೇಕು. LLM ಬಳಸಿ ಬರೆಯುವ ಬಳಕೆದಾರರನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಬಂಧಿಸುವುದು, ಅದರಲ್ಲೂ ಪಠ್ಯದಲ್ಲಿನ ದೋಷಗಳು ತೀರಾ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಇದ್ದಾಗ, ಬಳಕೆದಾರರನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಬಂಧಿಸುವ ಬದಲು, ಆ ವಿಷಯವನ್ನು ಸ್ವತಃ ಸುಧಾರಿಸುವ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡಬಹುದಿತ್ತು ಈ ಸಲಹೆಯನ್ನು ಕೆಲವು ಸಮಯದ ಹಿಂದೆ ಅವರಿಗೆ ವಿವರಿಸಿದ್ದೆ [[w:kn:special:diff/1328838#Block_Notice]]. ಇಷ್ಟೇ ಅಲ್ಲದೆ, ಈ ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕರು ಸ್ವತಃ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಾಕ್ಕೆ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್ಗಳನ್ನು ತುಳು ಭಾಷೆಗೆ ಅನುವಾದಿಸದೆಯೇ ಆಮದು ಮಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಇತರರು ಮಾಡಿದ ಸಣ್ಣ ತಪ್ಪುಗಳಿಗೆ ಕಠಿಣ ಕ್ರಮ ಕೈಗೊಳ್ಳುವ ಇವರು, ತಾವೇ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್ಗಳನ್ನು ಅನುವಾದಿಸದೆ ಆಮದು ಮಾಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವುದು ಮತ್ತು ಇತರರನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಬಂದಿಸುವುದು ಪಕ್ಷಪಾತವನ್ನು ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾಗಿ ತೋರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಇದು ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕರಿಗೆ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯವನ್ನು ನಿರ್ಮಿಸುವ ಬದ್ಧತೆ ಇಲ್ಲವೇನೋ ಎಂಬ ಅನುಮಾನವನ್ನು ಮತ್ತಷ್ಟು ಬಲಪಡಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. --<span style="text-shadow: 0 0 8px silver; padding:4px; font-weight:bold; border: 2px solid blue; border-radius: 5px;">[[User:A826|A826]] · [[user_talk:A826|<big>✉</big>]] · [[Special:Contributions/A826|<big> ©</big>]]</span> ೧೨:೧೫, ೨೪ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) :@[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Pavanaja|Pavanaja]] , @[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|Bharathesha Alasandemajalu]], @[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Vinoda mamatharai|Vinoda mamatharai]] ↑ ನಿಮ್ಮ ಸೂಚನೆಗೆ. --<span style="text-shadow: 0 0 8px silver; padding:4px; font-weight:bold; border: 2px solid blue; border-radius: 5px;">[[User:A826|A826]] · [[user_talk:A826|<big>✉</big>]] · [[Special:Contributions/A826|<big> ©</big>]]</span> ೧೨:೧೬, ೨೪ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) d27sgdbcs8rxrzfga9ad3f0hzcjqm9f 0 4869 366847 282546 2026-08-24T07:28:16Z Kishore Kumar Rai 222 366847 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ಸೋಣದ ಜೋಗಿನ ನಲಿಕೆ''' ಪಣ್ಪುನವು ತುಳುನಾಡ್‌ದ ಒಂಜಿ ಜನಪದ [[ನಲಿಕೆ]]. [[File:SONADA JOGI.png|thumb|ಸೋಣದ ಜೋಗಿ ನಲಿಕೆ]] == ನಲಿಕೆದ ಪೊರ್ತು == [[ಆಟಿ]] ತಿಂಗೊಲು ಕರಿನೆ ತುಳುವೆರೆಗ್ [[ಸೋಣೊ|ಸೋಣ]] ತಿಂಗೊಲು. ಸಂಕ್ರಾಂದಿದ ಮನದಾನಿ ತುಲುವೆರೆಗ್ ತಿಂಗೊಲು ಪಗರುನ ಕ್ರಮ. ಅಂಚಾದ್ ಸಾದಾರಣವಾದ್ ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ತಿಂಗೊಲುದ ೧೬ ತಾರೀಕ್‌‍ರ್ದ್ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೧೬ ತಾರೀಕ್ ಮುಟ್ಟ `ಸೋಣ' ತಿಂಗೊಲು ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡ್. ಉಂದ್ ತುಳುವೆರೆಗ್ ಪರ್ಬೊದ ಕಾಲ. ಕೊಸಿತ ಕಾಲ. ಈ ಸಮಯೊಡೆ `ಸೋಣದ ಜೋಗಿ' ತುಳುನಾಡ್‌ದ ಕೆಲವು ಜಾಗ್‌ಲೆಡ್ ನಲಿತೊಂದ್ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಇಲ್ಲಡೆ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡ್. ಉಂದು ಪಗೆಲ್ ನಡಪುನ ನಲಿಕೆ. == ನಲಿಕೆ ನಲಿಪುನ ಜನಾಂಗ == [[ತುಳುನಾಡ್]]ದ 'ನಲಿಕೆ' ಜನಾಂಗದಕುಲು ಈ ನಲಿಕೆನ್ ನಡಪಾದ್ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. == ವೇಸೊದ ಪೊರ್ಲು == ಈ ನಲಿಕೆಡ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಜನೊಕುಲು ಉಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಒರಿ ಮುಂಡು ತುತ್ತೊಂದ್ ಪುಗೆಲ್‍ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಬೈರಾಸ್‍ನ್ ಪಾಡೊಂದುಪ್ಪುವೆ. ತರೆಟ್ ಪಾಲೆದ ಮುಟ್ಟಾಲೆ. ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟಾಳೆನ್ ಅಕುಲು ಕಿಲ್ಲಿ ಪಂಡ್‍ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅವು ತೂಯೆರೆಲಾ ಕಿಲ್ಲಿದ ಲೆಕೊನೆ ಉಂಡು. ಕೈಟ್ ಡೋಲು. ಆಯೆ ಡೋಲು ಬೊಟ್ಟೊಂದ್ ಪಾಟ್(ಪದ) ಪನ್ಪೆ. ನನೊರಿ ಜೋಗಿನ ವೇಸೊ ಪಾಡುವೆ. ಸೊಂಟೊಗ್ ಸೀರೆದ ತುಂಡುನ್ ನೆರಿ ಪತ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಲಂಗದ ಲೆಕ್ಕೊ ಸುತ್ತೊಂದ್ ಐತ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಬೊಳ್ದು ಕುಂಟುನ್ ಸುಂದುದು ಉಪ್ಪುವೆ. ಪುಗೆಲ್‍ಗ್ ಜನಿಯಾರ. ತರೆಕ್ ವಿಚಿತ್ರ ರೀತಿದ ತಾರೆದ ಒಲಿಡ್‌ದ್ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಟೊಪ್ಪಿ. ಕೈಟ್ ಗಂಟಾಮಣಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ತಂಟೆ ಈ ತಂಟೆನ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉದ್ದದ ಕೋಲುಗ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಕೊಡಿಟ್ ಮಡಲ ಸಿರಿನ್ ಜೊಂಕೆದ ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಕಟ್ಟ್‌ದ್ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. == ನಲಿಕೆದ ಕ್ರಮೊ == ಇಲ್ಲ ಬಾಕಿಲ್‍ಗ್ ಬತ್ತಿನ ಜೋಗಿ ಸುರೂಟ್ ಇಲ್ಲದ ಯಜಮಾನೆ ಯಜಮಾನ್ತಿಗ್ ಕೈ ಮುಗಿಪೆರ್. ಜೋಗಿ ಬತ್ತೆ... ಪಂಡ್‍ದ್ ದೋಲು ಪತೊಂದಿನಾರ್ ದೋಲು ಬೊಟ್ಟುವೆರ್. ಡೋಲುದ ಬೊಟ್ಟುದ ಸದ್ದೊಗು ತಕ್ಕ ಜೋಗಿ ಕೈಟಿತ್ತಿನ ಕೋಲುನು ತಿರ್ ಗಾವೊಂದು ನಲಿಪೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ಪುವೆ. ಇಂಚ ನಲಿಪುನ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಡೋಲು ಬೊಟ್ಟುನಾಯೆ ಇಂಚ ಕೇನುವೆ. ಈ ಸಂಬಾಸನೆ ಕನ್ಕಡಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡು. * ಎಲ್ಲಿಂದ ಬಂದೆ ಜೋಗಿ? * ಜೋಗಿ: ಘಟ್ಟದ ಮೇಲಿಂದ ಬಂದೆ. * ಬೇಂತಾನ ಬೆದ್ರ, ಕಾಂತನ ಕಣಿಪುರ ತಿರುಗಿಕೊಂಡು ಕನ್ಯಾರ ಚೌತಿಗೆ ಬಂದೆಯ ಜೋಗಿ? * ಜೋಗಿ: ಹೌದು * ಹಾಗೆ ಬಂದ ನಿನಗೆ ತೆಂಗಿನ ಕಾಯಿ, ಅರಸಿನ, ಸೌತೆಕಾಯಿ, ಹುಳಿ, ಬತ್ತ ಕೊಡುತ್ತಾರೆ ಇನ್ನೊಂದು ಆಟ ಆಡು. * ಜೋಗಿ ಪಿರ ನಲಿಪೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ಪುವೆ ನಿಕ್‌ಲೆ ಇಲ್ಲಗ್ ಬರ್ಪಿನ ಕಷ್ಟೊನ್ ದೂರ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆ ಪನ್ಪೆ. ಇಲ್ಲದಕ್ಲು ಅರಿ, ಮುಂಚಿ, ತಾರಯಿ ಬಾರ್ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == {{Reflist}} {{ನಲಿಕೆಲು}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ನಲಿಕೆಲು]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ತುಳುನಾಡ್ದ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ]] kk1jk6bgcthd613xo8f7ssrlf3q91on 828 6301 366682 354376 2026-08-08T13:56:56Z en>Trappist the monk 0 synch from sandbox; 366682 Scribunto text/plain require ('strict'); --[[--------------------------< F O R W A R D D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------------- each of these counts against the Lua upvalue limit ]] local validation; -- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation local utilities; -- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities local z = {}; -- table of tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities local identifiers; -- functions and tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers local metadata; -- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/COinS local cfg = {}; -- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration local whitelist = {}; -- table of tables listing valid template parameter names; defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist --[[------------------< P A G E S C O P E V A R I A B L E S >--------------- declare variables here that have page-wide scope that are not brought in from other modules; that are created here and used here ]] local added_deprecated_cat; -- boolean flag so that the category is added only once local added_vanc_errs; -- boolean flag so we only emit one Vancouver error / category local added_generic_name_errs; -- boolean flag so we only emit one generic name error / category and stop testing names once an error is encountered local added_numeric_name_errs; -- boolean flag so we only emit one numeric name error / category and stop testing names once an error is encountered local added_numeric_name_maint; -- boolean flag so we only emit one numeric name maint category and stop testing names once a category has been emitted local is_preview_mode; -- true when article is in preview mode; false when using 'Preview page with this template' (previewing the module) local is_sandbox; -- true when using sandbox modules to render citation local url_was_archive_today; -- boolean flag set to true when has_archive_today_url() has unset |url= because it held a deprecated archive.today url --[[--------------------------< F I R S T _ S E T >------------------------------------------------------------ Locates and returns the first set value in a table of values where the order established in the table, left-to-right (or top-to-bottom), is the order in which the values are evaluated. Returns nil if none are set. This version replaces the original 'for _, val in pairs do' and a similar version that used ipairs. With the pairs version the order of evaluation could not be guaranteed. With the ipairs version, a nil value would terminate the for-loop before it reached the actual end of the list. ]] local function first_set (list, count) local i = 1; while i <= count do -- loop through all items in list if utilities.is_set( list[i] ) then return list[i]; -- return the first set list member end i = i + 1; -- point to next end end --[[--------------------------< A D D _ V A N C _ E R R O R >---------------------------------------------------- Adds a single Vancouver system error message to the template's output regardless of how many error actually exist. To prevent duplication, added_vanc_errs is nil until an error message is emitted. added_vanc_errs is a Boolean declared in page scope variables above ]] local function add_vanc_error (source, position) if added_vanc_errs then return end added_vanc_errs = true; -- note that we've added this category utilities.set_message ('err_vancouver', {source, position}); end --[[--------------------------< I S _ S C H E M E >------------------------------------------------------------ does this thing that purports to be a URI scheme seem to be a valid scheme? The scheme is checked to see if it is in agreement with http://tools.ietf.org/html/std66#section-3.1 which says: Scheme names consist of a sequence of characters beginning with a letter and followed by any combination of letters, digits, plus ("+"), period ("."), or hyphen ("-"). returns true if it does, else false ]] local function is_scheme (scheme) return scheme and scheme:match ('^%a[%a%d%+%.%-]*:'); -- true if scheme is set and matches the pattern end --[=[-------------------------< I S _ D O M A I N _ N A M E >-------------------------------------------------- Does this thing that purports to be a domain name seem to be a valid domain name? Syntax defined here: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1034#section-3.5 BNF defined here: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4234 Single character names are generally reserved; see https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-dnsind-iana-dns-01#page-15; see also [[Single-letter second-level domain]] list of TLDs: https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db RFC 952 (modified by RFC 1123) requires the first and last character of a hostname to be a letter or a digit (see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc952 §GRAMMATICAL HOST TABLE SPECIFICATION §§B. Lexical grammar <name>; see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1123#section-2). Between the first and last characters the name may use letters, digits, and the hyphen. Also allowed are IPv4 addresses. IPv6 not supported domain is expected to be stripped of any path so that the last character in the last character of the TLD. tld is two or more alpha characters. Any preceding '//' (from splitting a URL with a scheme) will be stripped here. Perhaps not necessary but retained in case it is necessary for IPv4 dot decimal. There are several tests: the first character of the whole domain name including subdomains must be a letter or a digit internationalized domain name (ASCII characters with .xn-- ASCII Compatible Encoding (ACE) prefix xn-- in the TLD) see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3490 single-letter/digit second-level domains in the .org, .cash, and .today TLDs q, x, and z SL domains in the .com TLD i and q SL domains in the .net TLD single-letter SL domains in the ccTLDs (where the ccTLD is two letters) two-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters) three-plus-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters) IPv4 dot-decimal address format; TLD not allowed returns true if domain appears to be a proper name and TLD or IPv4 address, else false ]=] local function is_domain_name (domain) if not domain then return false; -- if not set, abandon end domain = domain:gsub ('^//', ''); -- strip '//' from domain name if present; done here so we only have to do it once local sl_domain = domain:match ('[^%.]+') or domain; -- test the second level domain name if not (sl_domain:match ('^%w') and sl_domain:match ('%w$') and -- first and last characters must be letter or digit sl_domain:match ('^[%w%-]+$')) then -- all other characters must be letters, digits, or hyphen-minus return false; end if domain:match ('^%a+:') then -- hack to detect things that look like s:Page:Title where Page: is namespace at Wikisource return false; end local patterns = { -- patterns that look like URLs '%f[%w][%w][%w%-]+[%w]%.%a%a+$', -- three or more character hostname.hostname or hostname.tld '%f[%w][%w][%w%-]+[%w]%.xn%-%-[%w]+$', -- internationalized domain name with ACE prefix '%f[%a][qxz]%.com$', -- assigned one character .com hostname (x.com times out 2015-12-10) '%f[%a][iq]%.net$', -- assigned one character .net hostname (q.net registered but not active 2015-12-10) '%f[%w][%w]%.%a%a$', -- one character hostname and ccTLD (2 chars) '%f[%w][%w][%w]%.%a%a+$', -- two character hostname and TLD '^%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?', -- IPv4 address '[%a%d]+%:?' -- IPv6 address } for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do -- loop through the patterns list if domain:match (pattern) then return true; -- if a match then we think that this thing that purports to be a URL is a URL end end for _, d in ipairs (cfg.single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t) do -- look for single letter second level domain names for these top level domains if domain:match ('%f[%w][%w]%.' .. d) then return true end end return false; -- no matches, we don't know what this thing is end --[[--------------------------< I S _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------------------ returns true if the scheme and domain parts of a URL appear to be a valid URL; else false. This function is the last step in the validation process. This function is separate because there are cases that are not covered by split_url(), for example is_parameter_ext_wikilink() which is looking for bracketted external wikilinks. ]] local function is_url (scheme, domain) if utilities.is_set (scheme) then -- if scheme is set check it and domain return is_scheme (scheme) and is_domain_name (domain); else return is_domain_name (domain); -- scheme not set when URL is protocol-relative end end --[[--------------------------< S P L I T _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------------ Split a URL into a scheme, authority indicator, and domain. First remove Fully Qualified Domain Name terminator (a dot following TLD) (if any) and any path(/), query(?) or fragment(#). If protocol-relative URL, return nil scheme and domain else return nil for both scheme and domain. When not protocol-relative, get scheme, authority indicator, and domain. If there is an authority indicator (one or more '/' characters immediately following the scheme's colon), make sure that there are only 2. Any URL that does not have news: scheme must have authority indicator (//). TODO: are there other common schemes like news: that don't use authority indicator? Strip off any port and path; ]] local function split_url (url_str) local scheme, authority, domain; url_str = url_str:gsub ('([%a%d])%.?[/%?#].*$', '%1'); -- strip FQDN terminator and path(/), query(?), fragment (#) (the capture prevents false replacement of '//') if url_str:match ('^//%S*') then -- if there is what appears to be a protocol-relative URL domain = url_str:match ('^//(%S*)') elseif url_str:match ('%S-:/*%S+') then -- if there is what appears to be a scheme, optional authority indicator, and domain name scheme, authority, domain = url_str:match ('(%S-:)(/*)(%S+)'); -- extract the scheme, authority indicator, and domain portions if utilities.is_set (authority) then authority = authority:gsub ('//', '', 1); -- replace place 1 pair of '/' with nothing; if utilities.is_set(authority) then -- if anything left (1 or 3+ '/' where authority should be) then return scheme; -- return scheme only making domain nil which will cause an error message end else if not scheme:match ('^news:') then -- except for news:..., MediaWiki won't link URLs that do not have authority indicator; TODO: a better way to do this test? return scheme; -- return scheme only making domain nil which will cause an error message end end domain = domain:gsub ('(%a):%d+', '%1'); -- strip port number if present end return scheme, domain; end --[[--------------------------< L I N K _ P A R A M _ O K >--------------------------------------------------- checks the content of |title-link=, |series-link=, |author-link=, etc. for properly formatted content: no wikilinks, no URLs Link parameters are to hold the title of a Wikipedia article, so none of the WP:TITLESPECIALCHARACTERS are allowed: # < > [ ] | { } _ except the underscore which is used as a space in wiki URLs and # which is used for section links returns false when the value contains any of these characters. When there are no illegal characters, this function returns TRUE if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid URL (the |<param>-link= parameter is ok); else false when value appears to be a valid URL (the |<param>-link= parameter is NOT ok). ]] local function link_param_ok (value) local scheme, domain; if value:find ('[<>%[%]|{}]') then -- if any prohibited characters return false; end scheme, domain = split_url (value); -- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from URL; return not is_url (scheme, domain); -- return true if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid URL end --[[--------------------------< L I N K _ T I T L E _ O K >--------------------------------------------------- Use link_param_ok() to validate |<param>-link= value and its matching |<title>= value. |<title>= may be wiki-linked but not when |<param>-link= has a value. This function emits an error message when that condition exists check <link> for inter-language interwiki-link prefix. prefix must be a MediaWiki-recognized language code and must begin with a colon. ]] local function link_title_ok (link, lorig, title, torig) local orig; if utilities.is_set (link) then -- don't bother if <param>-link doesn't have a value if not link_param_ok (link) then -- check |<param>-link= markup orig = lorig; -- identify the failing link parameter elseif title:find ('%[%[') then -- check |title= for wikilink markup orig = torig; -- identify the failing |title= parameter elseif link:match ('^%a+:') then -- if the link is what looks like an interwiki local prefix = link:match ('^(%a+):'):lower(); -- get the interwiki prefix if cfg.inter_wiki_map[prefix] then -- if prefix is in the map, must have preceding colon orig = lorig; -- flag as error end end end if utilities.is_set (orig) then link = ''; -- unset utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', orig); -- URL or wikilink in |title= with |title-link=; end return link; -- link if ok, empty string else end --[[--------------------------< C H E C K _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------------ Determines whether a URL string appears to be valid. First we test for space characters. If any are found, return false. Then split the URL into scheme and domain portions, or for protocol-relative (//example.com) URLs, just the domain. Use is_url() to validate the two portions of the URL. If both are valid, or for protocol-relative if domain is valid, return true, else false. Because it is different from a standard URL, and because this module used external_link() to make external links that work for standard and news: links, we validate newsgroup names here. The specification for a newsgroup name is at https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5536#section-3.1.4 ]] local function check_url( url_str ) if nil == url_str:match ("^%S+$") then -- if there are any spaces in |url=value it can't be a proper URL return false; end local scheme, domain; scheme, domain = split_url (url_str); -- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from URL; if 'news:' == scheme then -- special case for newsgroups return domain:match('^[%a%d%+%-_]+%.[%a%d%+%-_%.]*[%a%d%+%-_]$'); end return is_url (scheme, domain); -- return true if value appears to be a valid URL end --[=[-------------------------< I S _ P A R A M E T E R _ E X T _ W I K I L I N K >---------------------------- Return true if a parameter value has a string that begins and ends with square brackets [ and ] and the first non-space characters following the opening bracket appear to be a URL. The test will also find external wikilinks that use protocol-relative URLs. Also finds bare URLs. The frontier pattern prevents a match on interwiki-links which are similar to scheme:path URLs. The tests that find bracketed URLs are required because the parameters that call this test (currently |title=, |chapter=, |work=, and |publisher=) may have wikilinks and there are articles or redirects like '//Hus' so, while uncommon, |title=[[//Hus]] is possible as might be [[en://Hus]]. ]=] local function is_parameter_ext_wikilink (value) local scheme, domain; if value:match ('%f[%[]%[%a%S*:%S+.*%]') then -- if ext. wikilink with scheme and domain: [xxxx://yyyyy.zzz] scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(%a%S*:%S+).*%]')); elseif value:match ('%f[%[]%[//%S+.*%]') then -- if protocol-relative ext. wikilink: [//yyyyy.zzz] scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(//%S+).*%]')); elseif value:match ('%a%S*:%S+') then -- if bare URL with scheme; may have leading or trailing plain text scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(%a%S*:%S+)')); elseif value:match ('^//%S+') or value:match ('%s//%S+') then -- if protocol-relative bare URL: //yyyyy.zzz; authority indicator (//) must be be preceded nothing or by whitespace scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(//%S+)')); -- what is left should be the domain else return false; -- didn't find anything that is obviously a URL end return is_url (scheme, domain); -- return true if value appears to be a valid URL end --[[--------------------------< I S _ A R C H I V E _ T O D A Y _ U R L >-------------------------------------- archive.today (and .ph, .is, .md, .li, .fo, .vn) are deprecated. See Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/Archive.is_RFC_5 (Special:Permalink/1339352976) <val> is a string that may or may not be a url ]] local function is_archive_today_url (val) if is_parameter_ext_wikilink (val) then -- is <val> a url? local tld = val:match ('archive%.(%l+)/'); -- get the tld; real archive.today urls have a '/' after the tld return tld and cfg.archive_today_tlds_t[tld]; -- return true if <tld> is one of the archive.today tlds; nil else end end --[[--------------------------< H A S _ A R C H I V E _ T O D A Y _ U R L >------------------------------------ blank any parameter that holds one of the archive.today tlds (.today, .ph, .is, .md, .li, .fo, .vn) and also blank parameters that are dependent on the offending parameter. input <cite_args_t> is a table of all of this template's parameters This function modifies <cite_args_t> when |url= or its alias |URL= hold an archive.today url, this function sets the flag <url_was_archive_today> which is used later to suppress the missing url error message from {{citation}} when it has |website=<summat> or from the templates {{cite web}}, {{cite podcast}}, {{cite mailing list}} which all require a url. returns nothing ]] local function has_archive_today_url (cite_args_t) local unset_params_t = {}; -- to hold a sequence of parameters to unset from cite_args_t for p, v in pairs (cite_args_t) do -- look at each parameter in the template if is_archive_today_url (v:lower()) then -- if it has a parameter with an archive.today url table.insert (unset_params_t, p); -- add the url-holding parameter name to our list of parameters to unset (may or may not be a legitimate url parameter) if 'url' == p:lower() then -- if this parameter is |url= or |URL= url_was_archive_today = true; -- set a flag so that cite web / podcast / mailinglist don't emit a missing url error message end if p:match ('archive%-?url') and ('usurped' == cite_args_t['url-status'] or 'unfit' == cite_args_t['url-status']) then -- if |archive-url=archive.today and |url-status=unfit/usurped url_was_archive_today = true; -- set a flag so that cite web / podcast / mailinglist don't emit a missing url error message table.insert (unset_params_t, 'url'); -- add the url parameter name to our list of parameters to unset (may or may not be a legitimate url parameter) table.insert (unset_params_t, 'URL'); -- this one because both are possible end if cfg.dependencies_t[p] then -- if this url-holding parameter (<p>) has dependencies for _, dependent in ipairs (cfg.dependencies_t[p]) do -- loop through the url-holding parameter's dependency sequence table.insert (unset_params_t, dependent); -- add dependent parameter to the list to be unset end end end end if 0 < #unset_params_t then -- when there are parameters to unset if not is_preview_mode then -- when in preview mode do not suppress any parameters for _, unset_param in ipairs (unset_params_t) do -- loop through the sequence cite_args_t[unset_param] = nil; -- and unset the url-holding parameter and its dependent parameters to avoid parameter-requires-other-parameter errors end end utilities.set_message ('maint_deprecated_archive'); -- add a maintenance message end end --[[-------------------------< C H E C K _ F O R _ U R L >----------------------------------------------------- loop through a list of parameters and their values. Look at the value and if it has an external link, emit an error message. ]] local function check_for_url (parameter_list, error_list) for k, v in pairs (parameter_list) do -- for each parameter in the list if is_parameter_ext_wikilink (v) then -- look at the value; if there is a URL add an error message table.insert (error_list, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', k)); end end end --[[--------------------------< S A F E _ F O R _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------ Escape sequences for content that will be used for URL descriptions ]] local function safe_for_url( str ) if str:match( "%[%[.-%]%]" ) ~= nil then utilities.set_message ('err_wikilink_in_url', {}); end return str:gsub( '[%[%]\n]', { ['['] = '&#91;', [']'] = '&#93;', ['\n'] = ' ' } ); end --[[--------------------------< E X T E R N A L _ L I N K >---------------------------------------------------- Format an external link with error checking ]] local function external_link (URL, label, source, access) local domain; local path; local base_url; if not utilities.is_set (label) then label = URL; if utilities.is_set (source) then utilities.set_message ('err_bare_url_missing_title', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)}); else error (cfg.messages["bare_url_no_origin"]); -- programmer error; valid parameter name does not have matching meta-parameter end end if not check_url (URL) then utilities.set_message ('err_bad_url', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)}); end domain, path = URL:match ('^([/%.%-%+:%a%d]+)([/%?#].*)$'); -- split the URL into scheme plus domain and path if path then -- if there is a path portion path = path:gsub ('[%[%]]', {['['] = '%5b', [']'] = '%5d'}); -- replace '[' and ']' with their percent-encoded values URL = table.concat ({domain, path}); -- and reassemble end base_url = table.concat ({ "[", URL, " ", safe_for_url (label), "]" }); -- assemble a wiki-markup URL if utilities.is_set (access) then -- access level (subscription, registration, limited) base_url = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['ext-link-access-signal'], {cfg.presentation[access].class, cfg.presentation[access].title, base_url}); -- add the appropriate icon end return base_url; end --[[--------------------------< D E P R E C A T E D _ P A R A M E T E R >-------------------------------------- Categorize and emit an error message when the citation contains one or more deprecated parameters. The function includes the offending parameter name to the error message. Only one error message is emitted regardless of the number of deprecated parameters in the citation. added_deprecated_cat is a Boolean declared in page scope variables above ]] local function deprecated_parameter(name) if not added_deprecated_cat then added_deprecated_cat = true; -- note that we've added this category utilities.set_message ('err_deprecated_params', {name}); -- add error message end end --[=[-------------------------< K E R N _ Q U O T E S >-------------------------------------------------------- Apply kerning to open the space between the quote mark provided by the module and a leading or trailing quote mark contained in a |title= or |chapter= parameter's value. This function will positive kern either single or double quotes: "'Unkerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks'" " 'Kerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks' " (in real life the kerning isn't as wide as this example) Double single quotes (italic or bold wiki-markup) are not kerned. Replaces Unicode quote marks in plain text or in the label portion of a [[L|D]] style wikilink with typewriter quote marks regardless of the need for kerning. Unicode quote marks are not replaced in simple [[D]] wikilinks. Call this function for chapter titles, for website titles, etc.; not for book titles. ]=] local function kern_quotes (str) local wl_type, label, link; wl_type, label, link = utilities.is_wikilink (str); -- wl_type is: 0, no wl (text in label variable); 1, [[D]]; 2, [[L|D]] if 1 == wl_type then -- [[D]] simple wikilink with or without quote marks if mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[[\"“”\'‘’].+[\"“”\'‘’]%]%]') then -- leading and trailing quote marks str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], str); str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], str); elseif mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[[\"“”\'‘’].+%]%]') then -- leading quote marks str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], str); elseif mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[.+[\"“”\'‘’]%]%]') then -- trailing quote marks str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], str); end else -- plain text or [[L|D]]; text in label variable label = mw.ustring.gsub (label, '[“”]', '\"'); -- replace “” (U+201C & U+201D) with " (typewriter double quote mark) label = mw.ustring.gsub (label, '[‘’]', '\''); -- replace ‘’ (U+2018 & U+2019) with ' (typewriter single quote mark) local cap = mw.ustring.match (label, "^([\"\'][^\'].+)"); -- match leading double or single quote but not doubled single quotes (italic markup) if utilities.is_set (cap) then label = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], cap); end cap = mw.ustring.match (label, "^(.+[^\'][\"\'])$") -- match trailing double or single quote but not doubled single quotes (italic markup) if utilities.is_set (cap) then label = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], cap); end if 2 == wl_type then str = utilities.make_wikilink (link, label); -- reassemble the wikilink else str = label; end end return str; end --[[--------------------------< F O R M A T _ S C R I P T _ V A L U E >---------------------------------------- |script-title= holds title parameters that are not written in Latin-based scripts: Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Hebrew, etc. These scripts should not be italicized and may be written right-to-left. The value supplied by |script-title= is concatenated onto Title after Title has been wrapped in italic markup. Regardless of language, all values provided by |script-title= are wrapped in <bdi>...</bdi> tags to isolate RTL languages from the English left to right. |script-title= provides a unique feature. The value in |script-title= may be prefixed with a two-character ISO 639-1 language code and a colon: |script-title=ja:*** *** (where * represents a Japanese character) Spaces between the two-character code and the colon and the colon and the first script character are allowed: |script-title=ja : *** *** |script-title=ja: *** *** |script-title=ja :*** *** Spaces preceding the prefix are allowed: |script-title = ja:*** *** The prefix is checked for validity. If it is a valid ISO 639-1 language code, the lang attribute (lang="ja") is added to the <bdi> tag so that browsers can know the language the tag contains. This may help the browser render the script more correctly. If the prefix is invalid, the lang attribute is not added. At this time there is no error message for this condition. Supports |script-title=, |script-chapter=, |script-<periodical>= ]] local function format_script_value (script_value, script_param) local lang=''; -- initialize to empty string local name; if script_value:match('^%l%l%l?%s*:') then -- if first 3 or 4 non-space characters are script language prefix lang = script_value:match('^(%l%l%l?)%s*:%s*%S.*'); -- get the language prefix or nil if there is no script if not utilities.is_set (lang) then utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['missing title part']}); -- prefix without 'title'; add error message return ''; -- script_value was just the prefix so return empty string end -- if we get this far we have prefix and script name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[lang] or mw.language.fetchLanguageName( lang, cfg.this_wiki_code ); -- get language name so that we can use it to categorize if utilities.is_set (name) then -- is prefix a proper ISO 639-1 language code? script_value = script_value:gsub ('^%l+%s*:%s*', ''); -- strip prefix from script -- is prefix one of these language codes? if utilities.in_array (lang, cfg.script_lang_codes) then utilities.add_prop_cat ('script', {name, lang}) else utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['unknown language code']}); -- unknown script-language; add error message end lang = ' lang="' .. lang .. '" '; -- convert prefix into a lang attribute else utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['invalid language code']}); -- invalid language code; add error message lang = ''; -- invalid so set lang to empty string end else utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['missing prefix']}); -- no language code prefix; add error message end script_value = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['bdi'], {lang, script_value}); -- isolate in case script is RTL return script_value; end --[[--------------------------< S C R I P T _ C O N C A T E N A T E >------------------------------------------ Initially for |title= and |script-title=, this function concatenates those two parameter values after the script value has been wrapped in <bdi> tags. ]] local function script_concatenate (title, script, script_param) if utilities.is_set (script) then script = format_script_value (script, script_param); -- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; returns empty string on error if utilities.is_set (script) then title = title .. ' ' .. script; -- concatenate title and script title end end return title; end --[[--------------------------< W R A P _ M S G >-------------------------------------------------------------- Applies additional message text to various parameter values. Supplied string is wrapped using a message_list configuration taking one argument. Supports lower case text for {{citation}} templates. Additional text taken from citation_config.messages - the reason this function is similar to but separate from wrap_style(). ]] local function wrap_msg (key, str, lower) if not utilities.is_set ( str ) then return ""; end if true == lower then local msg; msg = cfg.messages[key]:lower(); -- set the message to lower case before return utilities.substitute ( msg, str ); -- including template text else return utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages[key], str ); end end --[[----------------< W I K I S O U R C E _ U R L _ M A K E >------------------- Makes a Wikisource URL from Wikisource interwiki-link. Returns the URL and appropriate label; nil else. str is the value assigned to |chapter= (or aliases) or |title= or |title-link= ]] local function wikisource_url_make (str) local wl_type, D, L; local ws_url, ws_label; local wikisource_prefix = table.concat ({'https://', cfg.this_wiki_code, '.wikisource.org/wiki/'}); wl_type, D, L = utilities.is_wikilink (str); -- wl_type is 0 (not a wikilink), 1 (simple wikilink), 2 (complex wikilink) if 0 == wl_type then -- not a wikilink; might be from |title-link= str = D:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or D:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)'); -- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace if utilities.is_set (str) then ws_url = table.concat ({ -- build a Wikisource URL wikisource_prefix, -- prefix str, -- article title }); ws_label = str; -- label for the URL end elseif 1 == wl_type then -- simple wikilink: [[Wikisource:ws article]] str = D:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or D:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)'); -- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace if utilities.is_set (str) then ws_url = table.concat ({ -- build a Wikisource URL wikisource_prefix, -- prefix str, -- article title }); ws_label = str; -- label for the URL end elseif 2 == wl_type then -- non-so-simple wikilink: [[Wikisource:ws article|displayed text]] ([[L|D]]) str = L:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or L:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)'); -- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace if utilities.is_set (str) then ws_label = D; -- get ws article name from display portion of interwiki link ws_url = table.concat ({ -- build a Wikisource URL wikisource_prefix, -- prefix str, -- article title without namespace from link portion of wikilink }); end end if ws_url then ws_url = mw.uri.encode (ws_url, 'WIKI'); -- make a usable URL ws_url = ws_url:gsub ('%%23', '#'); -- undo percent-encoding of fragment marker end return ws_url, ws_label, L or D; -- return proper URL or nil and a label or nil end --[[----------------< F O R M A T _ P E R I O D I C A L >----------------------- Format the three periodical parameters: |script-<periodical>=, |<periodical>=, and |trans-<periodical>= into a single Periodical meta-parameter. ]] local function format_periodical (script_periodical, script_periodical_source, periodical, trans_periodical) if not utilities.is_set (periodical) then periodical = ''; -- to be safe for concatenation else periodical = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', periodical); -- style end periodical = script_concatenate (periodical, script_periodical, script_periodical_source); -- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped if utilities.is_set (trans_periodical) then trans_periodical = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-italic-title', trans_periodical); if utilities.is_set (periodical) then periodical = periodical .. ' ' .. trans_periodical; else -- here when trans-periodical without periodical or script-periodical periodical = trans_periodical; utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'periodical'}); end end return periodical; end --[[------------------< F O R M A T _ C H A P T E R _ T I T L E >--------------- Format the four chapter parameters: |script-chapter=, |chapter=, |trans-chapter=, and |chapter-url= into a single chapter meta- parameter (chapter_url_source used for error messages). ]] local function format_chapter_title (script_chapter, script_chapter_source, chapter, trans_chapter, trans_chapter_source, chapter_url, chapter_url_source, no_quotes, access) local ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (chapter); -- make a wikisource URL and label from a wikisource interwiki link if ws_url then ws_label = ws_label:gsub ('_', ' '); -- replace underscore separators with space characters chapter = ws_label; end if not utilities.is_set (chapter) then chapter = ''; -- to be safe for concatenation else if false == no_quotes then chapter = kern_quotes (chapter); -- if necessary, separate chapter title's leading and trailing quote marks from module provided quote marks chapter = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-title', chapter); end end chapter = script_concatenate (chapter, script_chapter, script_chapter_source); -- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped if utilities.is_set (chapter_url) then chapter = external_link (chapter_url, chapter, chapter_url_source, access); -- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate elseif ws_url then chapter = external_link (ws_url, chapter .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in chapter'); -- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate; space char to move icon away from chap text; TODO: better way to do this? chapter = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, chapter}); end if utilities.is_set (trans_chapter) then trans_chapter = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', trans_chapter); if utilities.is_set (chapter) then chapter = chapter .. ' ' .. trans_chapter; else -- here when trans_chapter without chapter or script-chapter chapter = trans_chapter; utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {trans_chapter_source:match ('trans%-?(.+)')}); -- when no chapter, get matching name from trans-<param> end end return chapter; end --[[----------------< H A S _ I N V I S I B L E _ C H A R S >------------------- This function searches a parameter's value for non-printable or invisible characters. The search stops at the first match. This function will detect the visible replacement character when it is part of the Wikisource. Detects but ignores nowiki and math stripmarkers. Also detects other named stripmarkers (gallery, math, pre, ref) and identifies them with a slightly different error message. See also coins_cleanup(). Output of this function is an error message that identifies the character or the Unicode group, or the stripmarker that was detected along with its position (or, for multi-byte characters, the position of its first byte) in the parameter value. ]] local function has_invisible_chars (param, v) local position; -- position of invisible char or starting position of stripmarker local capture; -- used by stripmarker detection to hold name of the stripmarker local stripmarker; -- boolean set true when a stripmarker is found capture = string.match (v, '[%w%p ]*'); -- test for values that are simple ASCII text and bypass other tests if true if capture == v then -- if same there are no Unicode characters return; end for _, invisible_char in ipairs (cfg.invisible_chars) do local char_name = invisible_char[1]; -- the character or group name local pattern = invisible_char[2]; -- the pattern used to find it position, _, capture = mw.ustring.find (v, pattern); -- see if the parameter value contains characters that match the pattern if position and (cfg.invisible_defs.zwj == capture) then -- if we found a zero-width joiner character if mw.ustring.find (v, cfg.indic_script) then -- it's ok if one of the Indic scripts position = nil; -- unset position elseif cfg.emoji_t[mw.ustring.codepoint (v, position+1)] then -- is zwj followed by a character listed in emoji{}? position = nil; -- unset position end end if position then if 'nowiki' == capture or 'math' == capture or -- nowiki and math stripmarkers (not an error condition) ('templatestyles' == capture and utilities.in_array (param, {'id', 'quote'})) then -- templatestyles stripmarker allowed in these parameters stripmarker = true; -- set a flag elseif true == stripmarker and cfg.invisible_defs.del == capture then -- because stripmakers begin and end with the delete char, assume that we've found one end of a stripmarker position = nil; -- unset; for now, ignore linter warning else local err_msg; if capture and not (cfg.invisible_defs.del == capture or cfg.invisible_defs.zwj == capture) then err_msg = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.invisible_1, {capture, char_name}); -- <capture> here is stripmarker name else err_msg = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.invisible_2, char_name); end utilities.set_message ('err_invisible_char', {err_msg, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', param), position}); -- add error message return; -- and done with this parameter end end end end --[[-------------------< A R G U M E N T _ W R A P P E R >---------------------- Argument wrapper. This function provides support for argument mapping defined in the configuration file so that multiple names can be transparently aliased to single internal variable. ]] local function argument_wrapper ( args ) local origin = {}; return setmetatable({ ORIGIN = function ( self, k ) local dummy = self[k]; -- force the variable to be loaded; for now, ignore linter warning return origin[k]; end }, { __index = function ( tbl, k ) if origin[k] ~= nil then return nil; end local v; local list = cfg.aliases[k]; if type( list ) == 'table' then v, origin[k] = utilities.select_one ( args, list, 'err_redundant_parameters' ); if origin[k] == nil then origin[k] = ''; -- Empty string, not nil end elseif list ~= nil then v, origin[k] = args[list], list; else -- maybe let through instead of raising an error? -- v, origin[k] = args[k], k; error( cfg.messages['unknown_argument_map'] .. ': ' .. k); end -- Empty strings, not nil; if v == nil then v = ''; origin[k] = ''; end -- tbl = rawset( tbl, k, v ); rawset( tbl, k, v ); return v; end, }); end --[[--------------------------< N O W R A P _ D A T E >------------------------- When date is YYYY-MM-DD format wrap in nowrap span: <span ...>YYYY-MM-DD</span>. When date is DD MMMM YYYY or is MMMM DD, YYYY then wrap in nowrap span: <span ...>DD MMMM</span> YYYY or <span ...>MMMM DD,</span> YYYY DOES NOT yet support MMMM YYYY or any of the date ranges. ]] local function nowrap_date (date) local cap; local cap2; if date:match("^%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%-%d%d$") then date = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap1'], date); elseif date:match("^%a+%s*%d%d?,%s+%d%d%d%d$") or date:match ("^%d%d?%s*%a+%s+%d%d%d%d$") then cap, cap2 = string.match (date, "^(.*)%s+(%d%d%d%d)$"); date = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap2'], {cap, cap2}); end return date; end --[[--------------------------< S E T _ T I T L E T Y P E >--------------------- This function sets default title types (equivalent to the citation including |type=<default value>) for those templates that have defaults. Also handles the special case where it is desirable to omit the title type from the rendered citation (|type=none). ]] local function set_titletype (cite_class, title_type) if utilities.is_set (title_type) then if 'none' == cfg.keywords_xlate[title_type] then title_type = ''; -- if |type=none then type parameter not displayed end return title_type; -- if |type= has been set to any other value use that value end return cfg.title_types [cite_class] or ''; -- set template's default title type; else empty string for concatenation end --[[--------------------------< S A F E _ J O I N >----------------------------- Joins a sequence of strings together while checking for duplicate separation characters. ]] local function safe_join( tbl, duplicate_char ) local f = {}; -- create a function table appropriate to type of 'duplicate character' if 1 == #duplicate_char then -- for single byte ASCII characters use the string library functions f.gsub = string.gsub f.match = string.match f.sub = string.sub else -- for multi-byte characters use the ustring library functions f.gsub = mw.ustring.gsub f.match = mw.ustring.match f.sub = mw.ustring.sub end local str = ''; -- the output string for _, value in ipairs( tbl ) do if value == nil then value = ''; end if str == '' then -- if output string is empty str = value; -- assign value to it (first time through the loop) elseif value ~= '' then local comp; -- what does 'comp' mean? if value:sub(1, 1) == '<' then -- special case of values enclosed in spans and other markup. comp = value:gsub( "%b<>", "" ); -- remove HTML markup (<span>string</span> -> string) else comp = value; end -- typically duplicate_char is sepc if f.sub(comp, 1, 1) == duplicate_char then -- is first character same as duplicate_char? why test first character? -- Because individual string segments often (always?) begin with terminal punct for the -- preceding segment: 'First element' .. 'sepc next element' .. etc.? local trim = false; local end_chr = f.sub(str, -1, -1); -- get the last character of the output string -- str = str .. "<HERE(enchr=" .. end_chr .. ")" -- debug stuff? if end_chr == duplicate_char then -- if same as separator str = f.sub(str, 1, -2); -- remove it elseif end_chr == "'" then -- if it might be wiki-markup if f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. "''" then -- if last three chars of str are sepc'' str = f.sub(str, 1, -4) .. "''"; -- remove them and add back '' elseif f.sub(str, -5, -1) == duplicate_char .. "]]''" then -- if last five chars of str are sepc]]'' trim = true; -- why? why do this and next differently from previous? elseif f.sub(str, -4, -1) == duplicate_char .. "]''" then -- if last four chars of str are sepc]'' trim = true; -- same question end elseif end_chr == "]" then -- if it might be wiki-markup if f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. "]]" then -- if last three chars of str are sepc]] wikilink trim = true; elseif f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. '"]' then -- if last three chars of str are sepc"] quoted external link trim = true; elseif f.sub(str, -2, -1) == duplicate_char .. "]" then -- if last two chars of str are sepc] external link trim = true; elseif f.sub(str, -4, -1) == duplicate_char .. "'']" then -- normal case when |url=something & |title=Title. trim = true; end elseif end_chr == " " then -- if last char of output string is a space if f.sub(str, -2, -1) == duplicate_char .. " " then -- if last two chars of str are <sepc><space> str = f.sub(str, 1, -3); -- remove them both end end if trim then if value ~= comp then -- value does not equal comp when value contains HTML markup local dup2 = duplicate_char; if f.match(dup2, "%A" ) then dup2 = "%" .. dup2; end -- if duplicate_char not a letter then escape it value = f.gsub(value, "(%b<>)" .. dup2, "%1", 1 ) -- remove duplicate_char if it follows HTML markup else value = f.sub(value, 2, -1 ); -- remove duplicate_char when it is first character end end end str = str .. value; -- add it to the output string end end return str; end --[[--------------------------< I S _ S U F F I X >----------------------------- returns true if suffix is properly formed Jr, Sr, or ordinal in the range 1–9. Puncutation not allowed. ]] local function is_suffix (suffix) if utilities.in_array (suffix, {'Jr', 'Sr', 'Jnr', 'Snr', '1st', '2nd', '3rd'}) or suffix:match ('^%dth$') then return true; end return false; end --[[--------------------< I S _ G O O D _ V A N C _ N A M E >------------------- For Vancouver style, author/editor names are supposed to be rendered in Latin (read ASCII) characters. When a name uses characters that contain diacritical marks, those characters are to be converted to the corresponding Latin character. When a name is written using a non-Latin alphabet or logogram, that name is to be transliterated into Latin characters. The module doesn't do this so editors may/must. This test allows |first= and |last= names to contain any of the letters defined in the four Unicode Latin character sets [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0000.pdf C0 Controls and Basic Latin] 0041–005A, 0061–007A [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0080.pdf C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement] 00C0–00D6, 00D8–00F6, 00F8–00FF [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0100.pdf Latin Extended-A] 0100–017F [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0180.pdf Latin Extended-B] 0180–01BF, 01C4–024F |lastn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, and apostrophes. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/) |firstn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, apostrophes, and periods This original test: if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, "^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿDŽ-ɏ%-%s%']*$") or nil == mw.ustring.find (first, "^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿDŽ-ɏ%-%s%'%.]+[2-6%a]*$") then was written outside of the code editor and pasted here because the code editor gets confused between character insertion point and cursor position. The test has been rewritten to use decimal character escape sequence for the individual bytes of the Unicode characters so that it is not necessary to use an external editor to maintain this code. \195\128-\195\150 – À-Ö (U+00C0–U+00D6 – C0 controls) \195\152-\195\182 – Ø-ö (U+00D8-U+00F6 – C0 controls) \195\184-\198\191 – ø-ƿ (U+00F8-U+01BF – C0 controls, Latin extended A & B) \199\132-\201\143 – DŽ-ɏ (U+01C4-U+024F – Latin extended B) ]] local function is_good_vanc_name (last, first, suffix, position) if not suffix then if first:find ('[,%s]') then -- when there is a space or comma, might be first name/initials + generational suffix first = first:match ('(.-)[,%s]+'); -- get name/initials suffix = first:match ('[,%s]+(.+)$'); -- get generational suffix end end if utilities.is_set (suffix) then if not is_suffix (suffix) then add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.suffix, position); return false; -- not a name with an appropriate suffix end end if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, "^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143\225\184\128-\225\187\191%-%s%']*$") or nil == mw.ustring.find (first, "^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143\225\184\128-\225\187\191%-%s%'%.]*$") then add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl['non-Latin char'], position); return false; -- not a string of Latin characters; Vancouver requires Romanization end; return true; end --[[--------------------------< R E D U C E _ T O _ I N I T I A L S >------------------------------------------ Attempts to convert names to initials in support of |name-list-style=vanc. Names in |firstn= may be separated by spaces or hyphens, or for initials, a period. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35062/. Vancouver style requires family rank designations (Jr, II, III, etc.) to be rendered as Jr, 2nd, 3rd, etc. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35085/. This code only accepts and understands generational suffix in the Vancouver format because Roman numerals look like, and can be mistaken for, initials. This function uses ustring functions because firstname initials may be any of the Unicode Latin characters accepted by is_good_vanc_name (). ]] local function reduce_to_initials (first, position) if first:find (',', 1, true) then return first; -- commas not allowed; abandon end local name, suffix = mw.ustring.match (first, "^(%u+) ([%dJS][%drndth]+)$"); if not name then -- if not initials and a suffix name = mw.ustring.match (first, "^(%u+)$"); -- is it just initials? end if name then -- if first is initials with or without suffix if 3 > mw.ustring.len (name) then -- if one or two initials if suffix then -- if there is a suffix if is_suffix (suffix) then -- is it legitimate? return first; -- one or two initials and a valid suffix so nothing to do else add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.suffix, position); -- one or two initials with invalid suffix so error message return first; -- and return first unmolested end else return first; -- one or two initials without suffix; nothing to do end end end -- if here then name has 3 or more uppercase letters so treat them as a word local initials_t = {}; -- table to hold initials local i = 1; -- counter for number of initials local names_t = mw.text.split (first, '[%s%-]+'); -- split into a sequence of names and possible suffix while names_t[i] do -- loop through the sequence if 1 < i and names_t[i]:match ('[%dJS][%drndth]+%.?$') then -- if not the first name, and looks like a suffix (may have trailing dot) names_t[i] = names_t[i]:gsub ('%.', ''); -- remove terminal dot if present if is_suffix (names_t[i]) then -- if a legitimate suffix table.insert (initials_t, ' ' .. names_t[i]); -- add a separator space, insert at end of initials sequence break; -- and done because suffix must fall at the end of a name end -- no error message if not a suffix; possibly because of Romanization end if 3 > i then table.insert (initials_t, mw.ustring.sub (names_t[i], 1, 1)); -- insert the initial at end of initials sequence end i = i + 1; -- bump the counter end return table.concat (initials_t); -- Vancouver format does not include spaces. end --[[--------------------------< I N T E R W I K I _ P R E F I X E N _ G E T >---------------------------------- extract interwiki prefixen from <value>. Returns two one or two values: false – no prefixen nil – prefix exists but not recognized project prefix, language prefix – when value has either of: :<project>:<language>:<article> :<language>:<project>:<article> project prefix, nil – when <value> has only a known single-letter prefix nil, language prefix – when <value> has only a known language prefix accepts single-letter project prefixen: 'd' (wikidata), 's' (wikisource), and 'w' (wikipedia) prefixes; at this writing, the other single-letter prefixen (b (wikibook), c (commons), m (meta), n (wikinews), q (wikiquote), and v (wikiversity)) are not supported. ]] local function interwiki_prefixen_get (value, is_link) if not value:find (':%l+:') then -- if no prefix return false; -- abandon; boolean here to distinguish from nil fail returns later end local prefix_patterns_linked_t = { -- sequence of valid interwiki and inter project prefixen '^%[%[:([dsw]):(%l%l+):', -- wikilinked; project and language prefixes '^%[%[:(%l%l+):([dsw]):', -- wikilinked; language and project prefixes '^%[%[:([dsw]):', -- wikilinked; project prefix '^%[%[:(%l%l+):', -- wikilinked; language prefix } local prefix_patterns_unlinked_t = { -- sequence of valid interwiki and inter project prefixen '^:([dsw]):(%l%l+):', -- project and language prefixes '^:(%l%l+):([dsw]):', -- language and project prefixes '^:([dsw]):', -- project prefix '^:(%l%l+):', -- language prefix } local cap1, cap2; for _, pattern in ipairs ((is_link and prefix_patterns_linked_t) or prefix_patterns_unlinked_t) do cap1, cap2 = value:match (pattern); if cap1 then break; -- found a match so stop looking end end if cap1 and cap2 then -- when both then :project:language: or :language:project: (both forms allowed) if 1 == #cap1 then -- length == 1 then :project:language: if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap2] then -- is language prefix in the interwiki map? return cap1, cap2; -- return interwiki project and interwiki language end else -- here when :language:project: if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap1] then -- is language prefix in the interwiki map? return cap2, cap1; -- return interwiki project and interwiki language end end return nil; -- unknown interwiki language elseif not (cap1 or cap2) then -- both are nil? return nil; -- we got something that looks like a project prefix but isn't; return fail elseif 1 == #cap1 then -- here when one capture return cap1, nil; -- length is 1 so return project, nil language else -- here when one capture and its length it more than 1 if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap1] then -- is language prefix in the interwiki map? return nil, cap1; -- return nil project, language end end end --[[--------------------------< L I S T _ P E O P L E >-------------------------- Formats a list of people (authors, contributors, editors, interviewers, translators) names in the list will be linked when |<name>-link= has a value |<name>-mask- does NOT have a value; masked names are presumed to have been rendered previously so should have been linked there when |<name>-mask=0, the associated name is not rendered ]] local function list_people (control, people, etal) local sep; local namesep; local format = control.format; local maximum = control.maximum; local name_list = {}; if 'vanc' == format then -- Vancouver-like name styling? sep = cfg.presentation['sep_nl_vanc']; -- name-list separator between names is a comma namesep = cfg.presentation['sep_name_vanc']; -- last/first separator is a space else sep = cfg.presentation['sep_nl']; -- name-list separator between names is a semicolon namesep = cfg.presentation['sep_name']; -- last/first separator is <comma><space> end if sep:sub (-1, -1) ~= " " then sep = sep .. " " end if utilities.is_set (maximum) and maximum < 1 then return "", 0; end -- returned 0 is for EditorCount; not used for other names for i, person in ipairs (people) do if utilities.is_set (person.last) then local mask = person.mask; local one; local sep_one = sep; if utilities.is_set (maximum) and i > maximum then etal = true; break; end if mask then local n = tonumber (mask); -- convert to a number if it can be converted; nil else if n then one = 0 ~= n and string.rep("&mdash;", n) or nil; -- make a string of (n > 0) mdashes, nil else, to replace name person.link = nil; -- don't create link to name if name is replaces with mdash string or has been set nil else one = mask; -- replace name with mask text (must include name-list separator) sep_one = " "; -- modify name-list separator end else one = person.last; -- get surname local first = person.first -- get given name if utilities.is_set (first) then if ("vanc" == format) then -- if Vancouver format one = one:gsub ('%.', ''); -- remove periods from surnames (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/) if not person.corporate and is_good_vanc_name (one, first, nil, i) then -- and name is all Latin characters; corporate authors not tested first = reduce_to_initials (first, i); -- attempt to convert first name(s) to initials end end one = one .. namesep .. first; end end if utilities.is_set (person.link) then one = utilities.make_wikilink (person.link, one); -- link author/editor end if one then -- if <one> has a value (name, mdash replacement, or mask text replacement) local proj, tag = interwiki_prefixen_get (one, true); -- get the interwiki prefixen if present if 'w' == proj and ('Wikipedia' == mw.site.namespaces.Project['name']) then proj = nil; -- for stuff like :w:de:<article>, :w is unnecessary TODO: maint cat? end if proj then local proj_name = ({['d'] = cfg.messages.wikidata, ['s'] = cfg.messages.wikisource, ['w'] = cfg.messages.wikipedia})[proj]; -- :w (wikipedia) for linking from a non-wikipedia project if proj_name then one = one .. utilities.wrap_style ('interproj', proj_name); -- add resized leading space, brackets, static text, language name utilities.add_prop_cat ('interproj-linked-name', proj); -- categorize it; <proj> is sort key tag = nil; -- unset; don't do both project and language end end if tag == cfg.this_wiki_code then tag = nil; -- stuff like :en:<article> at en.wiki is pointless TODO: maint cat? end if tag then local lang = cfg.lang_tag_remap[tag] or cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag]; if lang then -- error messaging done in extract_names() where we know parameter names one = one .. utilities.wrap_style ('interwiki', lang); -- add resized leading space, brackets, static text, language name utilities.add_prop_cat ('interwiki-linked-name', tag); -- categorize it; <tag> is sort key end end table.insert (name_list, one); -- add it to the list of names table.insert (name_list, sep_one); -- add the proper name-list separator end end end local count = #name_list / 2; -- (number of names + number of separators) divided by 2 if 0 < count then if 1 < count and not etal then if 'amp' == format then name_list[#name_list-2] = " & "; -- replace last separator with ampersand text elseif 'and' == format then if 2 == count then name_list[#name_list-2] = cfg.presentation.sep_nl_and; -- replace last separator with 'and' text else name_list[#name_list-2] = cfg.presentation.sep_nl_end; -- replace last separator with '(sep) and' text end end end name_list[#name_list] = nil; -- erase the last separator end local result = table.concat (name_list); -- construct list if etal and utilities.is_set (result) then -- etal may be set by |display-authors=etal but we might not have a last-first list result = result .. sep .. cfg.messages['et al']; -- we've got a last-first list and etal so add et al. end return result, count; -- return name-list string and count of number of names (count used for editor names only) end --[[--------------------< M A K E _ C I T E R E F _ I D >----------------------- Generates a CITEREF anchor ID if we have at least one name or a date. Otherwise returns an empty string. namelist is one of the contributor-, author-, or editor-name lists chosen in that order. year is Year or anchor_year. ]] local function make_citeref_id (namelist, year) local names={}; -- a table for the one to four names and year for i,v in ipairs (namelist) do -- loop through the list and take up to the first four last names names[i] = v.last if i == 4 then break end -- if four then done end table.insert (names, year); -- add the year at the end local id = table.concat(names); -- concatenate names and year for CITEREF id if utilities.is_set (id) then -- if concatenation is not an empty string return "CITEREF" .. id; -- add the CITEREF portion else return ''; -- return an empty string; no reason to include CITEREF id in this citation end end --[[--------------------------< C I T E _ C L A S S _A T T R I B U T E _M A K E >------------------------------ construct <cite> tag class attribute for this citation. <cite_class> – config.CitationClass from calling template <mode> – value from |mode= parameter ]] local function cite_class_attribute_make (cite_class, mode) local class_t = {}; table.insert (class_t, 'citation'); -- required for blue highlight if 'citation' ~= cite_class then table.insert (class_t, cite_class); -- identify this template for user css table.insert (class_t, utilities.is_set (mode) and mode or 'cs1'); -- identify the citation style for user css or javascript else table.insert (class_t, utilities.is_set (mode) and mode or 'cs2'); -- identify the citation style for user css or javascript end for _, prop_key in ipairs (z.prop_keys_t) do table.insert (class_t, prop_key); -- identify various properties for user css or javascript end return table.concat (class_t, ' '); -- make a big string and done end --[[---------------------< N A M E _ H A S _ E T A L >-------------------------- Evaluates the content of name parameters (author, editor, etc.) for variations on the theme of et al. If found, the et al. is removed, a flag is set to true and the function returns the modified name and the flag. This function never sets the flag to false but returns its previous state because it may have been set by previous passes through this function or by the associated |display-<names>=etal parameter ]] local function name_has_etal (name, etal, nocat, param) if utilities.is_set (name) then -- name can be nil in which case just return local patterns = cfg.et_al_patterns; -- get patterns from configuration for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do -- loop through all of the patterns if name:match (pattern) then -- if this 'et al' pattern is found in name name = name:gsub (pattern, ''); -- remove the offending text etal = true; -- set flag (may have been set previously here or by |display-<names>=etal) if not nocat then -- no categorization for |vauthors= utilities.set_message ('err_etal', {param}); -- and set an error if not added end end end end return name, etal; end --[[---------------------< N A M E _ I S _ N U M E R I C >---------------------- Add an error message and category when <name> parameter value does not contain letters. Add a maintenance category when <name> parameter value has numeric characters mixed with characters that are not numeric characters; could be letters and/or punctuation characters. This function will only emit one error and one maint message for the current template. Does not emit both error and maint messages/categories for the same parameter value. returns nothing ]] local function name_is_numeric (name, name_alias, list_name) local patterns = { '^%D+%d', -- <name> must have digits preceded by other characters '^%D*%d+%D+', -- <name> must have digits followed by other characters } if not added_numeric_name_errs and mw.ustring.match (name, '^[%A]+$') then -- if we have not already set an error message and <name> does not have any alpha characters utilities.set_message ('err_numeric_names', name_alias); -- add an error message added_numeric_name_errs = true; -- set the flag so we emit only one error message return; -- when here no point in further testing; abandon end if not added_numeric_name_maint then -- if we have already set a maint message for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do -- spin through list of patterns if mw.ustring.match (name, pattern) then -- digits preceded or followed by anything but digits; %D+ includes punctuation utilities.set_message ('maint_numeric_names', cfg.special_case_translation [list_name]); -- add a maint cat for this template added_numeric_name_maint = true; -- set the flag so we emit only one maint message return; -- when here no point in further testing; abandon end end end end --[[-----------------< N A M E _ H A S _ M U L T _ N A M E S >------------------ Evaluates the content of last/surname (authors etc.) parameters for multiple names. Multiple names are indicated if there is more than one comma or any "unescaped" semicolons. Escaped semicolons are ones used as part of selected HTML entities. If the condition is met, the function adds the multiple name maintenance category. Same test for first except that commas should not appear in given names (MOS:JR says that the generational suffix does not take a separator character). Titles, degrees, postnominals, affiliations, all normally comma separated don't belong in a citation. <name> – name parameter value <list_name> – AuthorList, EditorList, etc <limit> – number of allowed commas; 1 (default) for surnames; 0 for given names returns nothing ]] local function name_has_mult_names (name, list_name, limit) local _, commas, semicolons, nbsps; limit = limit and limit or 1; if utilities.is_set (name) then _, commas = name:gsub (',', ''); -- count the number of commas _, semicolons = name:gsub (';', ''); -- count the number of semicolons -- nbsps probably should be its own separate count rather than merged in -- some way with semicolons because Lua patterns do not support the -- grouping operator that regex does, which means there is no way to add -- more entities to escape except by adding more counts with the new -- entities _, nbsps = name:gsub ('&nbsp;',''); -- count nbsps -- There is exactly 1 semicolon per &nbsp; entity, so subtract nbsps -- from semicolons to 'escape' them. If additional entities are added, -- they also can be subtracted. if limit < commas or 0 < (semicolons - nbsps) then utilities.set_message ('maint_mult_names', cfg.special_case_translation [list_name]); -- add a maint message end end end --[=[-------------------------< I S _ G E N E R I C >---------------------------------------------------------- Compares values assigned to various parameters according to the string provided as <item> in the function call. <item> can have on of two values: 'generic_names' – for name-holding parameters: |last=, |first=, |editor-last=, etc 'generic_titles' – for |title= There are two types of generic tests. The 'accept' tests look for a pattern that should not be rejected by the 'reject' test. For example, |author=[[John Smith (author)|Smith, John]] would be rejected by the 'author' reject test. But piped wikilinks with 'author' disambiguation should not be rejected so the 'accept' test prevents that from happening. Accept tests are always performed before reject tests. Each of the 'accept' and 'reject' sequence tables hold tables for en.wiki (['en']) and local.wiki (['local']) that each can hold a test sequence table The sequence table holds, at index [1], a test pattern, and, at index [2], a boolean control value. The control value tells string.find() or mw.ustring.find() to do plain-text search (true) or a pattern search (false). The intent of all this complexity is to make these searches as fast as possible so that we don't run out of processing time on very large articles. Returns true when a reject test finds the pattern or string false when an accept test finds the pattern or string nil else ]=] local function is_generic (item, value) local str_lower = { -- use string.lower() for en.wiki (['en']) and use mw.ustring.lower() or local.wiki (['local']) ['en'] = string.lower, ['local'] = mw.ustring.lower, } local str_find = { -- use string.find() for en.wiki (['en']) and use mw.ustring.find() or local.wiki (['local']) ['en'] = string.find, ['local'] = mw.ustring.find, } local function test (val, test_t, wiki) -- local function to do the testing; <wiki> selects lower() and find() functions val = test_t[2] and str_lower[wiki](value) or val; -- when <test_t[2]> set to 'true', plaintext search using lowercase value return str_find[wiki] (val, test_t[1], 1, test_t[2]); -- return nil when not found or matched end local test_types_t = {'accept', 'reject'}; -- test accept patterns first, then reject patterns local wikis_t = {'en', 'local'}; -- do tests for each of these keys; en.wiki first, local.wiki second for _, test_type in ipairs (test_types_t) do -- for each test type for _, generic_value in pairs (cfg.special_case_translation[item][test_type]) do -- spin through the list of generic value fragments to accept or reject for _, wiki in ipairs (wikis_t) do if generic_value[wiki] then if test (value, generic_value[wiki], wiki) then -- go do the test return ('reject' == test_type); -- param value rejected, return true; false else end end end end end end --[[--------------------------< N A M E _ I S _ G E N E R I C >------------------------------------------------ calls is_generic() to determine if <name> is a 'generic name' listed in cfg.generic_names; <name_alias> is the parameter name used in error messaging ]] local function name_is_generic (name, name_alias) if not added_generic_name_errs and is_generic ('generic_names', name) then utilities.set_message ('err_generic_name', name_alias); -- set an error message added_generic_name_errs = true; end end --[[--------------------------< N A M E _ C H E C K S >-------------------------------------------------------- This function calls various name checking functions used to validate the content of the various name-holding parameters. ]] local function name_checks (last, first, list_name, last_alias, first_alias) local accept_name; if utilities.is_set (last) then last, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (last); -- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of <last> if not accept_name then -- <last> not wrapped in accept-as-written markup name_has_mult_names (last, list_name); -- check for multiple names in the parameter name_is_numeric (last, last_alias, list_name); -- check for names that have no letters or are a mix of digits and other characters name_is_generic (last, last_alias); -- check for names found in the generic names list end end if utilities.is_set (first) then first, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (first); -- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of <first> if not accept_name then -- <first> not wrapped in accept-as-written markup name_has_mult_names (first, list_name, 0); -- check for multiple names in the parameter; 0 is number of allowed commas in a given name name_is_numeric (first, first_alias, list_name); -- check for names that have no letters or are a mix of digits and other characters name_is_generic (first, first_alias); -- check for names found in the generic names list end local wl_type, D = utilities.is_wikilink (first); if 0 ~= wl_type then first = D; utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', first_alias); end end return last, first; -- done end --[[----------------------< E X T R A C T _ N A M E S >------------------------- Gets name list from the input arguments Searches through args in sequential order to find |lastn= and |firstn= parameters (or their aliases), and their matching link and mask parameters. Stops searching when both |lastn= and |firstn= are not found in args after two sequential attempts: found |last1=, |last2=, and |last3= but doesn't find |last4= and |last5= then the search is done. This function emits an error message when there is a |firstn= without a matching |lastn=. When there are 'holes' in the list of last names, |last1= and |last3= are present but |last2= is missing, an error message is emitted. |lastn= is not required to have a matching |firstn=. When an author or editor parameter contains some form of 'et al.', the 'et al.' is stripped from the parameter and a flag (etal) returned that will cause list_people() to add the static 'et al.' text from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration. This keeps 'et al.' out of the template's metadata. When this occurs, an error is emitted. ]] local function extract_names(args, list_name) local names = {}; -- table of names local last; -- individual name components local first; local link; local mask; local i = 1; -- loop counter/indexer local n = 1; -- output table indexer local count = 0; -- used to count the number of times we haven't found a |last= (or alias for authors, |editor-last or alias for editors) local etal = false; -- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. in an author parameter local last_alias, first_alias, link_alias; -- selected parameter aliases used in error messaging while true do last, last_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ); -- search through args for name components beginning at 1 first, first_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ); link, link_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ); mask = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ); if last then -- error check |lastn= alias for unknown interwiki link prefix; done here because this is where we have the parameter name local project, language = interwiki_prefixen_get (last, true); -- true because we expect interwiki links in |lastn= to be wikilinked if nil == project and nil == language then -- when both are nil utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', last_alias); -- not known, emit an error message -- TODO: err_bad_interwiki? last = utilities.remove_wiki_link (last); -- remove wikilink markup; show display value only end end if link then -- error check |linkn= alias for unknown interwiki link prefix local project, language = interwiki_prefixen_get (link, false); -- false because wiki links in |author-linkn= is an error if nil == project and nil == language then -- when both are nil utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', link_alias); -- not known, emit an error message -- TODO: err_bad_interwiki? link = nil; -- unset so we don't link link_alias = nil; end end last, etal = name_has_etal (last, etal, false, last_alias); -- find and remove variations on et al. first, etal = name_has_etal (first, etal, false, first_alias); -- find and remove variations on et al. last, first = name_checks (last, first, list_name, last_alias, first_alias); -- multiple names, extraneous annotation, etc. checks if first and not last then -- if there is a firstn without a matching lastn local alias = first_alias:find ('given', 1, true) and 'given' or 'first'; -- get first or given form of the alias utilities.set_message ('err_first_missing_last', { first_alias, -- param name of alias missing its mate first_alias:gsub (alias, {['first'] = 'last', ['given'] = 'surname'}), -- make param name appropriate to the alias form }); -- add this error message elseif not first and not last then -- if both firstn and lastn aren't found, are we done? count = count + 1; -- number of times we haven't found last and first if 2 <= count then -- two missing names and we give up break; -- normal exit or there is a two-name hole in the list; can't tell which end else -- we have last with or without a first link = link_title_ok (link, link_alias, last, last_alias); -- check for improper wiki-markup if first then link = link_title_ok (link, link_alias, first, first_alias); -- check for improper wiki-markup end names[n] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate = false}; -- add this name to our names list (corporate for |vauthors= only) n = n + 1; -- point to next location in the names table if 1 == count then -- if the previous name was missing utilities.set_message ('err_missing_name', {list_name:match ("(%w+)List"):lower(), i - 1}); -- add this error message end count = 0; -- reset the counter, we're looking for two consecutive missing names end i = i + 1; -- point to next args location end return names, etal; -- all done, return our list of names and the etal flag end --[[--------------------------< N A M E _ T A G _ G E T >------------------------------------------------------ attempt to decode |language=<lang_param> and return language name and matching tag; nil else. This function looks for: <lang_param> as a tag in cfg.lang_tag_remap{} <lang_param> as a name in cfg.lang_name_remap{} <lang_param> as a name in cfg.mw_languages_by_name_t <lang_param> as a tag in cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t when those fail, presume that <lang_param> is an IETF-like tag that MediaWiki does not recognize. Strip all script, region, variant, whatever subtags from <lang_param> to leave just a two or three character language tag and look for the new <lang_param> in cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t{} on success, returns name (in properly capitalized form) and matching tag (in lowercase); on failure returns nil ]] local function name_tag_get (lang_param) local lang_param_lc = mw.ustring.lower (lang_param); -- use lowercase as an index into the various tables local name; local tag; name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[lang_param_lc]; -- assume <lang_param_lc> is a tag; attempt to get remapped language name if name then -- when <name>, <lang_param> is a tag for a remapped language name if cfg.lang_name_remap[name:lower()][2] ~= lang_param_lc then utilities.set_message ('maint_unknown_lang'); -- add maint category if not already added return name, cfg.lang_name_remap[name:lower()][2]; -- so return name and tag from lang_name_remap[name]; special case to xlate sr-ec and sr-el to sr-cyrl and sr-latn end return name, lang_param_lc; -- so return <name> from remap and <lang_param_lc> end tag = lang_param_lc:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*'); -- still assuming that <lang_param_lc> is a tag; strip script, region, variant subtags name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[tag]; -- attempt to get remapped language name with language subtag only if name then -- when <name>, <tag> is a tag for a remapped language name return name, tag; -- so return <name> from remap and <tag> end if cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc] then -- not a remapped tag, assume <lang_param_lc> is a name; attempt to get remapped language tag return cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc][1], cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc][2]; -- for this <lang_param_lc>, return a (possibly) new name and appropriate tag end name = cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[lang_param_lc]; -- assume that <lang_param_lc> is a tag; attempt to get its matching language name if name then return name, lang_param_lc; -- <lang_param_lc> is a tag so return it and <name> end tag = cfg.mw_languages_by_name_t[lang_param_lc]; -- assume that <lang_param_lc> is a language name; attempt to get its matching tag if tag then return cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag], tag; -- <lang_param_lc> is a name so return the name from the table and <tag> end tag = lang_param_lc:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*'); -- is <lang_param_lc> an IETF-like tag that MediaWiki doesn't recognize? <tag> gets the language subtag; nil else if tag then name = cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag]; -- attempt to get a language name using the shortened <tag> if name then return name, tag; -- <lang_param_lc> is an unrecognized IETF-like tag so return <name> and language subtag end end end --[[-------------------< L A N G U A G E _ P A R A M E T E R >------------------ Gets language name from a provided two- or three-character ISO 639 code. If a code is recognized by MediaWiki, use the returned name; if not, then use the value that was provided with the language parameter. When |language= contains a recognized language (either code or name), the page is assigned to the category for that code: Category:Norwegian-language sources (no). For valid three-character code languages, the page is assigned to the single category for '639-2' codes: Category:CS1 ISO 639-2 language sources. Languages that are the same as the local wiki are not categorized. MediaWiki does not recognize three-character equivalents of two-character codes: code 'ar' is recognized but code 'ara' is not. This function supports multiple languages in the form |language=nb, French, th where the language names or codes are separated from each other by commas with optional space characters. ]] local function language_parameter (lang) local tag; -- some form of IETF-like language tag; language subtag with optional region, sript, vatiant, etc subtags local lang_subtag; -- ve populates |language= with mostly unecessary region subtags that MediaWiki does not recognize; this is the base language subtag local name; -- the language name local language_list = {}; -- table of language names to be rendered local names_t = mw.text.split (lang, '%s*,%s*'); -- names should be a comma separated list for _, lang in ipairs (names_t) do -- reuse lang here because we don't yet know if lang is a language name or a language tag; for now, ignore linter warning name, tag = name_tag_get (lang); -- attempt to get name/tag pair for <lang>; <name> has proper capitalization; <tag> is lowercase if utilities.is_set (tag) then lang_subtag = tag:gsub ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*', '%1'); -- for categorization, strip any IETF-like tags from language tag if cfg.this_wiki_code ~= lang_subtag then -- when the language is not the same as this wiki's language if 2 == lang_subtag:len() then -- and is a two-character tag utilities.add_prop_cat ('foreign-lang-source', {name, tag}, lang_subtag); -- categorize it; tag appended to allow for multiple language categorization else -- or is a recognized language (but has a three-character tag) utilities.add_prop_cat ('foreign-lang-source-2', {lang_subtag}, lang_subtag); -- categorize it differently TODO: support multiple three-character tag categories per cs1|2 template? end elseif cfg.local_lang_cat_enable then -- when the language and this wiki's language are the same and categorization is enabled utilities.add_prop_cat ('local-lang-source', {name, lang_subtag}); -- categorize it end else name = lang; -- return whatever <lang> has so that we show something utilities.set_message ('maint_unknown_lang'); -- add maint category if not already added end table.insert (language_list, name); end name = utilities.make_sep_list (#language_list, language_list); if (1 == #language_list) and (lang_subtag == cfg.this_wiki_code) then -- when only one language, find lang name in this wiki lang name; for |language=en-us, 'English' in 'American English' return ''; -- if one language and that language is this wiki's return an empty string (no annotation) end return (" " .. wrap_msg ('language', name)); -- otherwise wrap with '(in ...)' --[[ TODO: should only return blank or name rather than full list so we can clean up the bunched parenthetical elements Language, Type, Format ]] end --[[-----------------------< S E T _ C S _ S T Y L E >-------------------------- Gets the default CS style configuration for the given mode. Returns default separator and either postscript as passed in or the default. In CS1, the default postscript and separator are '.'. In CS2, the default postscript is the empty string and the default separator is ','. ]] local function set_cs_style (postscript, mode) if utilities.is_set(postscript) then -- emit a maintenance message if user postscript is the default cs1 postscript -- we catch the opposite case for cs2 in set_style if mode == 'cs1' and postscript == cfg.presentation['ps_' .. mode] then utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript'); end else postscript = cfg.presentation['ps_' .. mode]; end return cfg.presentation['sep_' .. mode], postscript; end --[[--------------------------< S E T _ S T Y L E >----------------------------- Sets the separator and postscript styles. Checks the |mode= first and the #invoke CitationClass second. Removes the postscript if postscript == none. ]] local function set_style (mode, postscript, cite_class) local sep; if 'cs2' == mode then sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs2'); elseif 'cs1' == mode then sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs1'); elseif 'citation' == cite_class then sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs2'); else sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs1'); end if cfg.keywords_xlate[postscript:lower()] == 'none' then -- emit a maintenance message if user postscript is the default cs2 postscript -- we catch the opposite case for cs1 in set_cs_style if 'cs2' == mode or ('cs1' ~= mode and 'citation' == cite_class) then -- {{citation |title=Title |mode=cs1 |postscript=none}} should not emit maint message utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript'); end postscript = ''; end return sep, postscript end --[=[-------------------------< I S _ P D F >----------------------------------- Determines if a URL has the file extension that is one of the PDF file extensions used by [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] when applying the PDF icon to external links. returns true if file extension is one of the recognized extensions, else false ]=] local function is_pdf (url) return url:match ('%.pdf$') or url:match ('%.PDF$') or url:match ('%.pdf[%?#]') or url:match ('%.PDF[%?#]') or url:match ('%.PDF&#035') or url:match ('%.pdf&#035'); end --[[--------------------------< S T Y L E _ F O R M A T >----------------------- Applies CSS style to |format=, |chapter-format=, etc. Also emits an error message if the format parameter does not have a matching URL parameter. If the format parameter is not set and the URL contains a file extension that is recognized as a PDF document by MediaWiki's commons.css, this code will set the format parameter to (PDF) with the appropriate styling. ]] local function style_format (format, url, fmt_param, url_param) if utilities.is_set (format) then format = utilities.wrap_style ('format', format); -- add leading space, parentheses, resize if not utilities.is_set (url) then utilities.set_message ('err_format_missing_url', {fmt_param, url_param}); -- add an error message end elseif is_pdf (url) then -- format is not set so if URL is a PDF file then format = utilities.wrap_style ('format', 'PDF'); -- set format to PDF else format = ''; -- empty string for concatenation end return format; end --[[---------------------< G E T _ D I S P L A Y _ N A M E S >------------------ Returns a number that defines the number of names displayed for author and editor name lists and a Boolean flag to indicate when et al. should be appended to the name list. When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is a number greater than or equal to zero, return the number and the previous state of the 'etal' flag (false by default but may have been set to true if the name list contains some variant of the text 'et al.'). When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is the keyword 'etal', return a number that is one greater than the number of authors in the list and set the 'etal' flag true. This will cause the list_people() to display all of the names in the name list followed by 'et al.' In all other cases, returns nil and the previous state of the 'etal' flag. inputs: max: A['DisplayAuthors'] or A['DisplayEditors'], etc; a number or some flavor of etal count: #a or #e list_name: 'authors' or 'editors' etal: author_etal or editor_etal This function sets an error message when |display-xxxxors= value greater than or equal to number of names but not when <max> comes from {{cs1 config}} global settings. When using global settings, <param> is set to the keyword 'cs1 config' which is used to supress the normal error. Error is suppressed because it is to be expected that some citations in an article will have the same or fewer names that the limit specified in {{cs1 config}}. ]] local function get_display_names (max, count, etal, param) if utilities.is_set (max) then if 'etal' == cfg.keywords_xlate[max:lower():gsub("[ '%.]", '')] then -- the :gsub() portion makes 'etal' from a variety of 'et al.' spellings and stylings max = count + 1; -- number of authors + 1 so display all author name plus et al. etal = true; -- overrides value set by extract_names() elseif max:match ('^%d+$') then -- if is a string of numbers max = tonumber (max); -- make it a number if (max >= count) and ('cs1 config' ~= param) then -- error when local |display-xxxxors= value greater than or equal to number of names; not an error when using global setting utilities.set_message ('err_disp_name', {param, max}); -- add error message max = nil; end else -- not a valid keyword or number utilities.set_message ('err_disp_name', {param, max}); -- add error message max = nil; -- unset; as if |display-xxxxors= had not been set end end return max, etal; end --[[----------< E X T R A _ T E X T _ I N _ P A G E _ C H E C K >--------------- Adds error if |page=, |pages=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages= has what appears to be some form of p. or pp. abbreviation in the first characters of the parameter content. check page for extraneous p, p., pp, pp., pg, pg. at start of parameter value: good pattern: '^P[^%.P%l]' matches when page begins PX or P# but not Px where x and X are letters and # is a digit bad pattern: '^[Pp][PpGg]' matches when page begins pp, pP, Pp, PP, pg, pG, Pg, PG ]] local function extra_text_in_page_check (val, name) if not val:match (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.good_ppattern) then for _, pattern in ipairs (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.bad_ppatterns) do -- spin through the selected sequence table of patterns if val:match (pattern) then -- when a match, error so utilities.set_message ('err_extra_text_pages', name); -- add error message return; -- and done end end end end --[[--------------------------< E X T R A _ T E X T _ I N _ V O L _ I S S _ C H E C K >------------------------ Adds error if |volume= or |issue= has what appears to be some form of redundant 'type' indicator. Applies to both; this function looks for issue text in both |issue= and |volume= and looks for volume-like text in |voluem= and |issue=. For |volume=: 'V.', or 'Vol.' (with or without the dot) abbreviations or 'Volume' in the first characters of the parameter content (all case insensitive). 'V' and 'v' (without the dot) are presumed to be roman numerals so are allowed. For |issue=: 'No.', 'I.', 'Iss.' (with or without the dot) abbreviations, or 'Issue' in the first characters of the parameter content (all case insensitive); numero styling: 'n°' with degree sign U+00B0, and № precomposed numero sign U+2116. Single character values ('v', 'i', 'n') allowed when not followed by separator character ('.', ':', '=', or whitespace character) – param values are trimmed of whitespace by MediaWiki before delivered to the module. <val> is |volume= or |issue= parameter value <name> is |volume= or |issue= parameter name for error message <selector> is 'v' for |volume=, 'i' for |issue= sets error message on failure; returns nothing ]] local function extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (val, name, selector) if not utilities.is_set (val) then return; end local handler = 'v' == selector and 'err_extra_text_volume' or 'err_extra_text_issue'; local accept_val; -- for now, ignore linter warning val, accept_val = utilities.has_accept_as_written (val); --if accept_val then -- if uncomment this, |volume=((vol. 1)) suppresses error -- return; --end --val = mw.text.unstripNoWiki (val); -- if uncomment this, |volume=<nowiki>vol. 1</nowiki> shows error val = val:lower(); -- force parameter value to lower case for _, pattern in ipairs (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.vi_patterns_t) do -- spin through the sequence table of patterns if val:match (pattern) then -- when a match, error so utilities.set_message (handler, name); -- add error message return; -- and done end end end --[=[-------------------------< G E T _ V _ N A M E _ T A B L E >---------------------------------------------- split apart a |vauthors= or |veditors= parameter. This function allows for corporate names, wrapped in doubled parentheses to also have commas; in the old version of the code, the doubled parentheses were included in the rendered citation and in the metadata. Individual author names may be wikilinked |vauthors=Jones AB, [[E. B. White|White EB]], ((Black, Brown, and Co.)) ]=] local function get_v_name_table (vparam, output_table, output_link_table) local _, accept = utilities.has_accept_as_written (vparam); if accept then utilities.add_prop_cat ('vanc-accept'); -- add properties category end local name_table = mw.text.split(vparam, "%s*,%s*"); -- names are separated by commas local wl_type, label, link; -- wl_type not used here; just a placeholder local i = 1; while name_table[i] do if name_table[i]:match ('^%(%(.*[^%)][^%)]$') then -- first segment of corporate with one or more commas; this segment has the opening doubled parentheses local name = name_table[i]; i = i + 1; -- bump indexer to next segment while name_table[i] do name = name .. ', ' .. name_table[i]; -- concatenate with previous segments if name_table[i]:match ('^.*%)%)$') then -- if this table member has the closing doubled parentheses break; -- and done reassembling so end i = i + 1; -- bump indexer end table.insert (output_table, name); -- and add corporate name to the output table table.insert (output_link_table, ''); -- no wikilink else wl_type, label, link = utilities.is_wikilink (name_table[i]); -- wl_type is: 0, no wl (text in label variable); 1, [[D]]; 2, [[L|D]] table.insert (output_table, label); -- add this name if 1 == wl_type then table.insert (output_link_table, label); -- simple wikilink [[D]] else table.insert (output_link_table, link); -- no wikilink or [[L|D]]; add this link if there is one, else empty string end end i = i + 1; end return output_table; end --[[--------------------------< P A R S E _ V A U T H O R S _ V E D I T O R S >-------------------------------- This function extracts author / editor names from |vauthors= or |veditors= and finds matching |xxxxor-maskn= and |xxxxor-linkn= in args. It then returns a table of assembled names just as extract_names() does. Author / editor names in |vauthors= or |veditors= must be in Vancouver system style. Corporate or institutional names may sometimes be required and because such names will often fail the is_good_vanc_name() and other format compliance tests, are wrapped in doubled parentheses ((corporate name)) to suppress the format tests. Supports generational suffixes Jr, 2nd, 3rd, 4th–6th. This function sets the Vancouver error when a required comma is missing and when there is a space between an author's initials. ]] local function parse_vauthors_veditors (args, vparam, list_name) local names = {}; -- table of names assembled from |vauthors=, |author-maskn=, |author-linkn= local v_name_table = {}; local v_link_table = {}; -- when name is wikilinked, targets go in this table local etal = false; -- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. vauthors parameter local last, first, link, mask, suffix; local corporate = false; vparam, etal = name_has_etal (vparam, etal, true); -- find and remove variations on et al. do not categorize (do it here because et al. might have a period) v_name_table = get_v_name_table (vparam, v_name_table, v_link_table); -- names are separated by commas for i, v_name in ipairs(v_name_table) do first = ''; -- set to empty string for concatenation and because it may have been set for previous author/editor local accept_name; v_name, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (v_name); -- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of <v_name> if accept_name then last = v_name; corporate = true; -- flag used in list_people() elseif string.find(v_name, "%s") then if v_name:find('[;%.]') then -- look for commonly occurring punctuation characters; add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.punctuation, i); end local lastfirst_t = mw.text.split(v_name, "%s+"); first = table.remove (lastfirst_t); -- removes and returns value of last element in table which should be initials or generational suffix if not mw.ustring.match (first, '^%u+$') then -- mw.ustring here so that later we will catch non-Latin characters suffix = first; -- not initials so assume that whatever we got is a generational suffix first = table.remove (lastfirst_t); -- get what should be the initials from the table end last = table.concat (lastfirst_t, ' '); -- returns a string that is the concatenation of all other names that are not initials and generational suffix if not utilities.is_set (last) then first = ''; -- unset last = v_name; -- last empty because something wrong with first add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.name, i); end if mw.ustring.match (last, '%a+%s+%u+%s+%a+') then add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl['missing comma'], i); -- matches last II last; the case when a comma is missing end if mw.ustring.match (v_name, ' %u %u$') then -- this test is in the wrong place TODO: move or replace with a more appropriate test add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.initials, i); -- matches a space between two initials end else last = v_name; -- last name or single corporate name? Doesn't support multiword corporate names? do we need this? end if utilities.is_set (first) then if not mw.ustring.match (first, "^%u?%u$") then -- first shall contain one or two upper-case letters, nothing else add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.initials, i); -- too many initials; mixed case initials (which may be ok Romanization); hyphenated initials end is_good_vanc_name (last, first, suffix, i); -- check first and last before restoring the suffix which may have a non-Latin digit if utilities.is_set (suffix) then first = first .. ' ' .. suffix; -- if there was a suffix concatenate with the initials suffix = ''; -- unset so we don't add this suffix to all subsequent names end else if not corporate then is_good_vanc_name (last, '', nil, i); end end link = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ) or v_link_table[i]; mask = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ); names[i] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate = corporate}; -- add this assembled name to our names list end return names, etal; -- all done, return our list of names end --[[--------------------------< S E L E C T _ A U T H O R _ E D I T O R _ S O U R C E >------------------------ Select one of |authors=, |authorn= / |lastn / firstn=, or |vauthors= as the source of the author name list or select one of |editorn= / editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= or |veditors= as the source of the editor name list. Only one of these appropriate three will be used. The hierarchy is: |authorn= (and aliases) highest and |authors= lowest; |editorn= (and aliases) highest and |veditors= lowest (support for |editors= withdrawn) When looking for |authorn= / |editorn= parameters, test |xxxxor1= and |xxxxor2= (and all of their aliases); stops after the second test which mimicks the test used in extract_names() when looking for a hole in the author name list. There may be a better way to do this, I just haven't discovered what that way is. Emits an error message when more than one xxxxor name source is provided. In this function, vxxxxors = vauthors or veditors; xxxxors = authors as appropriate. ]] local function select_author_editor_source (vxxxxors, xxxxors, args, list_name) local lastfirst = false; if utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 1 ) or -- do this twice in case we have a |first1= without a |last1=; this ... utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 1 ) or -- ... also catches the case where |first= is used with |vauthors= utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 2 ) or utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 2 ) then lastfirst = true; end if (utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) and true == lastfirst) or -- these are the three error conditions (utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) and utilities.is_set (xxxxors)) or (true == lastfirst and utilities.is_set (xxxxors)) then utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', utilities.substitute (cfg.special_case_translation.name_list_params, ('AuthorList' == list_name) and cfg.special_case_translation.author or cfg.special_case_translation.editor)); -- add error message end if true == lastfirst then return 1 end; -- return a number indicating which author name source to use if utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) then return 2 end; if utilities.is_set (xxxxors) then return 3 end; return 1; -- no authors so return 1; this allows missing author name test to run in case there is a first without last end --[[--------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ P A R A M E T E R _ V A L U E >------------------------------ This function is used to validate a parameter's assigned value for those parameters that have only a limited number of allowable values (yes, y, true, live, dead, etc.). When the parameter value has not been assigned a value (missing or empty in the source template) the function returns the value specified by ret_val. If the parameter value is one of the list of allowed values returns the translated value; else, emits an error message and returns the value specified by ret_val. TODO: explain <invert> ]] local function is_valid_parameter_value (value, name, possible, ret_val, invert) if not utilities.is_set (value) then return ret_val; -- an empty parameter is ok end if (not invert and utilities.in_array (value, possible)) then -- normal; <value> is in <possible> table return cfg.keywords_xlate[value]; -- return translation of parameter keyword elseif invert and not utilities.in_array (value, possible) then -- invert; <value> is not in <possible> table return value; -- return <value> as it is else utilities.set_message ('err_invalid_param_val', {name, value}); -- not an allowed value so add error message return ret_val; end end --[[--------------------------< T E R M I N A T E _ N A M E _ L I S T >---------------------------------------- This function terminates a name list (author, contributor, editor) with a separator character (sepc) and a space when the last character is not a sepc character or when the last three characters are not sepc followed by two closing square brackets (close of a wikilink). When either of these is true, the name_list is terminated with a single space character. ]] local function terminate_name_list (name_list, sepc) if (string.sub (name_list, -3, -1) == sepc .. '. ') then -- if already properly terminated return name_list; -- just return the name list elseif (string.sub (name_list, -1, -1) == sepc) or (string.sub (name_list, -3, -1) == sepc .. ']]') then -- if last name in list ends with sepc char return name_list .. " "; -- don't add another else return name_list .. sepc .. ' '; -- otherwise terminate the name list end end --[[-------------------------< F O R M A T _ V O L U M E _ I S S U E >----------------------------------------- returns the concatenation of the formatted volume and issue (or journal article number) parameters as a single string; or formatted volume or formatted issue, or an empty string if neither are set. ]] local function format_volume_issue (volume, issue, article, cite_class, origin, sepc, lower) if not utilities.is_set (volume) and not utilities.is_set (issue) and not utilities.is_set (article) then return ''; end -- same condition as in format_pages_sheets() local is_journal = 'journal' == cite_class or (utilities.in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map', 'interview'}) and 'journal' == origin); local is_numeric_vol = volume and (volume:match ('^[MDCLXVI]+$') or volume:match ('^%d+$')); -- is only uppercase roman numerals or only digits? local is_long_vol = volume and (4 < mw.ustring.len(volume)); -- is |volume= value longer than 4 characters? if volume and (not is_numeric_vol and is_long_vol) then -- when not all digits or Roman numerals, is |volume= longer than 4 characters? utilities.add_prop_cat ('long-vol'); -- yes, add properties cat end if is_journal then -- journal-style formatting local vol = ''; if utilities.is_set (volume) then if is_numeric_vol then -- |volume= value all digits or all uppercase Roman numerals? vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['vol-bold'], {sepc, volume}); -- render in bold face elseif is_long_vol then -- not all digits or Roman numerals; longer than 4 characters? vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-vol'], {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)}); -- not bold else -- four or fewer characters vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['vol-bold'], {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)}); -- bold end end vol = vol .. (utilities.is_set (issue) and utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-issue'], issue) or '') vol = vol .. (utilities.is_set (article) and utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-article-num'], article) or '') return vol; end if 'podcast' == cite_class and utilities.is_set (issue) then return wrap_msg ('issue', {sepc, issue}, lower); end if 'conference' == cite_class and utilities.is_set (article) then -- |article-number= supported only in journal and conference cites if utilities.is_set (volume) and utilities.is_set (article) then -- both volume and article number return wrap_msg ('vol-art', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume), article}, lower); elseif utilities.is_set (article) then -- article number alone; when volume alone, handled below return wrap_msg ('art', {sepc, article}, lower); end end -- all other types of citation if utilities.is_set (volume) and utilities.is_set (issue) then return wrap_msg ('vol-no', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume), issue}, lower); elseif utilities.is_set (volume) then return wrap_msg ('vol', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)}, lower); else return wrap_msg ('issue', {sepc, issue}, lower); end end --[[-------------------------< F O R M A T _ P A G E S _ S H E E T S >----------------------------------------- adds static text to one of |page(s)= or |sheet(s)= values and returns it with all of the others set to empty strings. The return order is: page, pages, sheet, sheets Singular has priority over plural when both are provided. ]] local function format_pages_sheets (page, pages, sheet, sheets, cite_class, origin, sepc, nopp, lower) if 'map' == cite_class then -- only cite map supports sheet(s) as in-source locators if utilities.is_set (sheet) then if 'journal' == origin then return '', '', wrap_msg ('j-sheet', sheet, lower), ''; else return '', '', wrap_msg ('sheet', {sepc, sheet}, lower), ''; end elseif utilities.is_set (sheets) then if 'journal' == origin then return '', '', '', wrap_msg ('j-sheets', sheets, lower); else return '', '', '', wrap_msg ('sheets', {sepc, sheets}, lower); end end end local is_journal = 'journal' == cite_class or (utilities.in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map', 'interview'}) and 'journal' == origin); if utilities.is_set (page) then if is_journal then return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], page), '', '', ''; elseif not nopp then return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, page}), '', '', ''; else return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, page}), '', '', ''; end elseif utilities.is_set (pages) then if is_journal then return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], pages), '', '', ''; elseif tonumber(pages) ~= nil and not nopp then -- if pages is only digits, assume a single page number return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, pages}), '', ''; elseif not nopp then return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['pp-prefix'], {sepc, pages}), '', ''; else return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, pages}), '', ''; end end return '', '', '', ''; -- return empty strings end --[[--------------------------< I N S O U R C E _ L O C _ G E T >---------------------------------------------- returns one of the in-source locators: page, pages, or at. If any of these are interwiki links to Wikisource, returns the label portion of the interwiki-link as plain text for use in COinS. This COinS thing is done because here we convert an interwiki-link to an external link and add an icon span around that; get_coins_pages() doesn't know about the span. TODO: should it? TODO: add support for sheet and sheets?; streamline; TODO: make it so that this function returns only one of the three as the single in-source (the return value assigned to a new name)? ]] local function insource_loc_get (page, page_orig, pages, pages_orig, at) local ws_url, ws_label, coins_pages, L; -- for Wikisource interwiki-links; TODO: this corrupts page metadata (span remains in place after cleanup; fix there?) if utilities.is_set (page) then if utilities.is_set (pages) or utilities.is_set (at) then pages = ''; -- unset the others at = ''; end extra_text_in_page_check (page, page_orig); -- emit error message when |page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc. ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (page); -- make ws URL from |page= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label if ws_url then page = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in page'); -- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this? page = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, page}); coins_pages = ws_label; end elseif utilities.is_set (pages) then if utilities.is_set (at) then at = ''; -- unset end extra_text_in_page_check (pages, pages_orig); -- emit error message when |page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc. ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (pages); -- make ws URL from |pages= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label if ws_url then pages = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in pages'); -- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this? pages = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, pages}); coins_pages = ws_label; end elseif utilities.is_set (at) then ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (at); -- make ws URL from |at= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label if ws_url then at = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in at'); -- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this? at = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, at}); coins_pages = ws_label; end end return page, pages, at, coins_pages; end --[[--------------------------< I S _ U N I Q U E _ A R C H I V E _ U R L >------------------------------------ add error message when |archive-url= value is same as |url= or chapter-url= (or alias...) value ]] local function is_unique_archive_url (archive, url, c_url, source, date) if utilities.is_set (archive) then if archive == url or archive == c_url then utilities.set_message ('err_bad_url', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)}); -- add error message return '', ''; -- unset |archive-url= and |archive-date= because same as |url= or |chapter-url= end end return archive, date; end --[=[-------------------------< A R C H I V E _ U R L _ C H E C K >-------------------------------------------- Check archive.org URLs to make sure they at least look like they are pointing at valid archives and not to the save snapshot URL or to calendar pages. When the archive URL is 'https://web.archive.org/save/' (or http://...) archive.org saves a snapshot of the target page in the URL. That is something that Wikipedia should not allow unwitting readers to do. When the archive.org URL does not have a complete timestamp, archive.org chooses a snapshot according to its own algorithm or provides a calendar 'search' result. [[WP:ELNO]] discourages links to search results. This function looks at the value assigned to |archive-url= and returns empty strings for |archive-url= and |archive-date= and an error message when: |archive-url= holds an archive.org save command URL |archive-url= is an archive.org URL that does not have a complete timestamp (YYYYMMDDhhmmss 14 digits) in the correct place otherwise returns |archive-url= and |archive-date= There are two mostly compatible archive.org URLs: //web.archive.org/<timestamp>... -- the old form //web.archive.org/web/<timestamp>... -- the new form The old form does not support or map to the new form when it contains a display flag. There are four identified flags ('id_', 'js_', 'cs_', 'im_') but since archive.org ignores others following the same form (two letters and an underscore) we don't check for these specific flags but we do check the form. This function supports a preview mode. When the article is rendered in preview mode, this function may return a modified archive URL: for save command errors, return undated wildcard (/*/) for timestamp errors when the timestamp has a wildcard, return the URL unmodified for timestamp errors when the timestamp does not have a wildcard, return with timestamp limited to six digits plus wildcard (/yyyymm*/) A secondary function is to return an archive-url timestamp from those archive urls that have them. The timestamp is used by validation.archive_date_check() to see if the value in |archive-date= matches the timestamp in the archive url. ]=] local function archive_url_check (url, date) local err_msg; -- start with the error message empty local path, timestamp, flag; -- portions of the archive.org URL local function is_ts_date_valid (ts, origin_date) -- local function to validate archive url taimestamp date; time ignored local y, m, d = ts:match ('(%d%d%d%d)(%d%d)(%d%d)'); -- split into parts if y and validation.is_valid_date (y, m, d) and (tonumber (y) >= 1996) then return true, tonumber (y) >= origin_date; -- <origin_date> is 1996 for archive.org end end if (not url:match('//web%.archive%.org/')) and (not url:match('//liveweb%.archive%.org/')) then -- also deprecated liveweb Wayback machine URL return url, date; -- not an archive.org archive, return ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate end if url:match('//web%.archive%.org/save/') then -- if a save command URL, we don't want to allow saving of the target page err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.save; url = url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org)/save/', '%1/*/', 1); -- for preview mode: modify ArchiveURL elseif url:match('//liveweb%.archive%.org/') then err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.liveweb; else path, timestamp, flag = url:match('//web%.archive%.org/([^%d]*)(%d+)([^/]*)/'); -- split out some of the URL parts for evaluation if not path then -- malformed in some way; pattern did not match err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp; elseif 14 ~= timestamp:len() then -- path and flag optional, must have 14-digit timestamp here err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp; if '*' ~= flag then local replacement = timestamp:match ('^%d%d%d%d%d%d') or timestamp:match ('^%d%d%d%d'); -- get the first 6 (YYYYMM) or first 4 digits (YYYY) if replacement then -- nil if there aren't at least 4 digits (year) replacement = replacement .. string.rep ('0', 14 - replacement:len()); -- year or yearmo (4 or 6 digits) zero-fill to make 14-digit timestamp url=url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org/[^%d]*)%d[^/]*', '%1' .. replacement .. '*', 1) -- for preview, modify ts to 14 digits plus splat for calendar display end end elseif not is_ts_date_valid (timestamp, 1996) then -- is ymd portion of timestamp a valid date? err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp; timestamp = nil; -- unset because invalid elseif utilities.is_set (path) and 'web/' ~= path then -- older archive URLs do not have the extra 'web/' path element err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.path; elseif utilities.is_set (flag) and not utilities.is_set (path) then -- flag not allowed with the old form URL (without the 'web/' path element) err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.flag; elseif utilities.is_set (flag) and not flag:match ('%a%a_') then -- flag if present must be two alpha characters and underscore (requires 'web/' path element) err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.flag; else return url, date, timestamp; -- return ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, and timestamp from |archive-url= end end -- if here, something not right so utilities.set_message ('err_archive_url', {err_msg}); -- add error message and if is_preview_mode then return url, date, timestamp; -- preview mode so return ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, and timestamp from |archive-url= else return '', ''; -- return empty strings for ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate end end --[[--------------------------< P L A C E _ C H E C K >-------------------------------------------------------- check |place=, |publication-place=, |location= to see if these params include digits. This function added because many editors misuse location to specify the in-source location (|page(s)= and |at= are supposed to do that) returns the original parameter value without modification; added maint cat when parameter value contains digits ]] local function place_check (param_val) if not utilities.is_set (param_val) then -- parameter empty or omitted return param_val; -- return that empty state end if mw.ustring.find (param_val, '%d') then -- not empty, are there digits in the parameter value utilities.set_message ('maint_location'); -- yep, add maint cat end return param_val; -- and done end --[[--------------------------< I S _ A R C H I V E D _ C O P Y >---------------------------------------------- compares |title= to 'Archived copy' (placeholder added by bots that can't find proper title); if matches, return true; nil else ]] local function is_archived_copy (title) title = mw.ustring.lower(title); -- switch title to lower case if title:find (cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy.en) then -- if title is 'Archived copy' return true; elseif cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy['local'] then if mw.ustring.find (title, cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy['local']) then -- mw.ustring() because might not be Latin script return true; end end end --[[--------------------------< D I S P L A Y _ N A M E S _ S E L E C T >-------------------------------------- for any of the |display-authors=, |display-editors=, etc parameters, select either the local or global setting. When both are present, look at <local_display_names> value. When the value is some sort of 'et al.'string, special handling is required. When {{cs1 config}} has |display-<namelist>= AND this template has |display-<namelist>=etal AND: the number of names specified by <number_of_names> is: greater than the number specified in the global |display-<namelist>= parameter (<global_display_names>) use global |display-<namelist>= parameter value set overridden maint category less than or equal to the number specified in the global |display-<namelist>= parameter use local |display-<namelist>= parameter value The purpose of this function is to prevent categorizing a template that has fewer names than the global setting to keep the etal annotation specified by <local_display_names>. ]] local function display_names_select (global_display_names, local_display_names, param_name, number_of_names) if global_display_names and utilities.is_set (local_display_names) then -- when both if 'etal' == local_display_names:lower():gsub("[ '%.]", '') then -- the :gsub() portion makes 'etal' from a variety of 'et al.' spellings and stylings number_of_names = tonumber (number_of_names); -- convert these to numbers for comparison local global_display_names_num = tonumber (global_display_names); -- <global_display_names> not set when parameter value is not digits if number_of_names > global_display_names_num then -- template has more names than global config allows to be displayed? utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting'); -- set a maint message because global is overriding local |display-<namelist>=etal return global_display_names, 'cs1 config'; -- return global with spoof parameter name (for get_display_names()) else return local_display_names, param_name; -- return local because fewer names so let <local_display_names> control end end -- here when <global_display_names> and <local_display_names> both numbers; <global_display_names> controls utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting'); -- set a maint message return global_display_names, 'cs1 config'; -- return global with spoof parameter name (for get_display_names()) end -- here when only one of <global_display_names> or <local_display_names> set if global_display_names then return global_display_names, 'cs1 config'; -- return global with spoof parameter name (for get_display_names()) else return local_display_names, param_name; -- return local end end --[[--------------------------< M O D E _ S E T >-------------------------------------------------------------- fetch global mode setting from {{cs1 config}} (if present) or from |mode= (if present); global setting overrides local |mode= parameter value. When both are present, emit maintenance message ]] local function mode_set (Mode, Mode_origin) local mode; if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'] then -- global setting in {{cs1 config}}; nil when empty or assigned value invalid mode = is_valid_parameter_value (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'], 'cs1 config: mode', cfg.keywords_lists['mode'], ''); -- error messaging 'param' here is a hoax else mode = is_valid_parameter_value (Mode, Mode_origin, cfg.keywords_lists['mode'], ''); end if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'] and utilities.is_set (Mode) then -- when template has |mode=<something> which global setting has overridden utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting'); -- set a maint message end return mode; end --[[--------------------------< Q U O T E _ M A K E >---------------------------------------------------------- create quotation from |quote=, |trans-quote=, and/or script-quote= with or without |quote-page= or |quote-pages= when any of those three quote parameters are set, this function unsets <PostScript>. When none of those parameters are set, |quote-page= and |quote-pages= are unset to nil so that they are not included in the template's metadata ]] local function quote_make (quote, trans_quote, script_quote, quote_page, quote_pages, nopp, sepc, postscript) if utilities.is_set (quote) or utilities.is_set (trans_quote) or utilities.is_set (script_quote) then if utilities.is_set (quote) then if quote:sub(1, 1) == '"' and quote:sub(-1, -1) == '"' then -- if first and last characters of quote are quote marks quote = quote:sub(2, -2); -- strip them off end end quote = kern_quotes (quote); -- kern if needed quote = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-text', quote ); -- wrap in <q>...</q> tags if utilities.is_set (script_quote) then quote = script_concatenate (quote, script_quote, 'script-quote'); -- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after quote is wrapped end if utilities.is_set (trans_quote) then if trans_quote:sub(1, 1) == '"' and trans_quote:sub(-1, -1) == '"' then -- if first and last characters of |trans-quote are quote marks trans_quote = trans_quote:sub(2, -2); -- strip them off end quote = quote .. " " .. utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', trans_quote ); end if utilities.is_set (quote_page) or utilities.is_set (quote_pages) then -- add page prefix local quote_prefix = ''; if utilities.is_set (quote_page) then extra_text_in_page_check (quote_page, 'quote-page'); -- add to maint cat if |quote-page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc. if not nopp then quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, quote_page}); else quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, quote_page}); end elseif utilities.is_set (quote_pages) then extra_text_in_page_check (quote_pages, 'quote-pages'); -- add to maint cat if |quote-pages= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc. if tonumber(quote_pages) ~= nil and not nopp then -- if only digits, assume single page quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, quote_pages}); elseif not nopp then quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['pp-prefix'], {sepc, quote_pages}); else quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, quote_pages}); end end quote = quote_prefix .. ": " .. quote; else quote = sepc .. " " .. quote; end postscript = ""; -- cs1|2 does not supply terminal punctuation when |quote= is set elseif utilities.is_set (quote_page) or utilities.is_set (quote_pages) then quote_page = nil; -- unset; these require |quote=; TODO: error message? quote_pages = nil; end return quote, quote_page, quote_pages, postscript; end --[[--------------------------< C H E C K _ P U B L I S H E R _ N A M E >-------------------------------------- look for variations of '<text>: <text>' that might be '<location>: <publisher>' in |publisher= parameter value. when found, emit a maintenance message; return nil else <publisher> is the value assigned to |publisher= or |institution= ]] local function check_publisher_name (publisher) local patterns_t = { '^[%w%s]+%s*:%s*[%w%s]+$', -- plain text <location>: <publisher> '^%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+%s*:%s*[%w%s]+$', -- partially wikilinked [[<location>]]: <publisher> '^[%w%s]+%s*:%s*%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+$', -- partially wikilinked <location>: [[<publisher>]] '^%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+%s*:%s*%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+$', -- wikilinked [[<location>]]: [[<publisher>]] } for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns_t) do -- spin through the patterns_t sequence if mw.ustring.match (publisher, pattern) then -- does this pattern match? utilities.set_message ('maint_publisher_location'); -- set a maint message return; -- and done end end end --[[--------------------------< I S _ P A G E _ A R T _ N U M >------------------------------------------------ compare the trailing (rightmost) characters of the |doi= value against the whole value assigned to |page(s)=. return boolean true when: |page(s)= has exactly 8 digits and a dot between the fourth and fifth digits matches the trailing 9 characters of the |doi= value: |page=12345678 → |page=1234.5678 matches |doi=10.xxxx/yyyy1234.5678 |page(s)= is 5 or more characters and matches |doi= values's trailing characters |page(s)= begins with a lowercase 'e' and |page(s)= without the 'e' matches |doi= values's trailing characters: |page=e12345 → |page=12345 matches |doi=10.xxxx/yyyy12345 |page(s)= begins with a uppercase 'CD' followed by (typically) six digits matches |doi= values that ends with 'CDxxxxxx.pubx' (where 'x' is any single digit) return nil when |page(s)= values: are ranges separated by underscore, hyphen, emdash, endash, figure dash, or minus character are comma- or semicolon-separated lists of pages have external urls (has text 'http') are digit-only values less than 10000 do not match |doi= values's trailing characters ]] local function is_page_art_num (page, doi) if not (utilities.is_set (page) and utilities.is_set (doi)) then -- both required return; -- abandon; nothing to do end if page:match ('[,;_−–—‒%-]') then -- when |page(s)= might be a page range or a separated list of pages return; -- abandon end page = page:lower(); -- because doi names are case insensitive doi = doi:lower(); -- force these to lowercase for testing if page:match ('http') then -- when |page(s)= appears to hold a url return; -- abandon end if tonumber (page) then -- is |page(s)= digits only if 10000 > tonumber (page) then -- when |page(s)= less than 10000 return; -- abandon end if doi:match (page .. '$') then -- digits only page number match the last digits in |doi=? return true; end if 8 == page:len() then -- special case when |page(s)= is exactly 8 digits local dot_page = page:gsub ('(%d%d%d%d)(%d%d%d%d)', '%1.%2'); -- make a |page=xxxx.yyyy version commonly used in |doi= if doi:match (dot_page .. '$') then -- 8-digit dotted page number match the last characters in |doi=? return true; end end else -- here when |page(s)= is alpha-numeric if 4 < page:len() then -- when |page(s)= is five or more characters if doi:match (page .. '$') then -- alpha-numeric page match the last characters in |doi=? return true; end local epage = page:match ('^e([%w]+)$'); -- if first character of |page= is 'e', remove it if epage and doi:match (epage .. '$') then -- page number match the last characters in |doi=? return true; end local cdpage = page:match ('^cd%d+$'); -- if first characters of |page= are 'CD' and last characters are digits (typically 6 digits) if cdpage and doi:match (cdpage .. '%.pub%d$') then -- page number matches doi 'CDxxxxxx.pubx' where 'x' is a digit return true; end end end end --[[--------------------------< C I T A T I O N 0 >------------------------------------------------------------ This is the main function doing the majority of the citation formatting. ]] local function citation0( config, args ) --[[ Load Input Parameters The argument_wrapper facilitates the mapping of multiple aliases to single internal variable. ]] local A = argument_wrapper ( args ); -- Pick out the relevant fields from the arguments. Different citation templates -- define different field names for the same underlying things. local author_etal; local a = {}; -- authors list from |lastn= / |firstn= pairs or |vauthors= local Authors; local NameListStyle; if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'] then -- global setting in {{cs1 config}} overrides local |name-list-style= parameter value; nil when empty or assigned value invalid NameListStyle = is_valid_parameter_value (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'], 'cs1 config: name-list-style', cfg.keywords_lists['name-list-style'], ''); -- error messaging 'param' here is a hoax else NameListStyle = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NameListStyle'], A:ORIGIN('NameListStyle'), cfg.keywords_lists['name-list-style'], ''); end if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'] and utilities.is_set (A['NameListStyle']) then -- when template has |name-list-style=<something> which global setting has overridden utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting'); -- set a maint message end local Collaboration = A['Collaboration']; do -- to limit scope of selected local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Vauthors'], A['Authors'], args, 'AuthorList'); if 1 == selected then a, author_etal = extract_names (args, 'AuthorList'); -- fetch author list from |authorn= / |lastn= / |firstn=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn= elseif 2 == selected then NameListStyle = 'vanc'; -- override whatever |name-list-style= might be a, author_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, A['Vauthors'], 'AuthorList'); -- fetch author list from |vauthors=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn= elseif 3 == selected then Authors = A['Authors']; -- use content of |people= or |credits=; |authors= is deprecated; TODO: constrain |people= and |credits= to cite av media, episode, serial? end if utilities.is_set (Collaboration) then author_etal = true; -- so that |display-authors=etal not required end end local editor_etal; local e = {}; -- editors list from |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= pairs or |veditors= do -- to limit scope of selected local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Veditors'], nil, args, 'EditorList'); -- support for |editors= withdrawn if 1 == selected then e, editor_etal = extract_names (args, 'EditorList'); -- fetch editor list from |editorn= / |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn= elseif 2 == selected then NameListStyle = 'vanc'; -- override whatever |name-list-style= might be e, editor_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, args.veditors, 'EditorList'); -- fetch editor list from |veditors=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn= end end local Chapter = A['Chapter']; -- done here so that we have access to |contribution= from |chapter= and |script-chapter= aliases local Chapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('Chapter'); local ScriptChapter = A['ScriptChapter']; local ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptChapter'); local Contribution; -- because contribution is required for contributor(s) if 'contribution' == Chapter_origin then -- is there a |contribution= parameter? Contribution = Chapter; -- get the name of the contribution elseif 'script-contribution' == ScriptChapter_origin then -- no, so is there a |script-contribution= parameter? Contribution = ScriptChapter; -- get the name of the contribution end local c = {}; -- contributors list from |contributor-lastn= / contributor-firstn= pairs if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {"book", "citation"}) and not utilities.is_set (A['Periodical']) then -- |contributor= and |contribution= only supported in book cites c = extract_names (args, 'ContributorList'); -- fetch contributor list from |contributorn= / |contributor-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn= if 0 < #c then if not utilities.is_set (Contribution) then -- |contributor= requires |contribution= utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_missing_required_param', 'contribution'); -- add missing contribution error message c = {}; -- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later end if 0 == #a then -- |contributor= requires |author= utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_missing_required_param', 'author'); -- add missing author error message c = {}; -- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later end end else -- if not a book cite if utilities.select_one (args, cfg.aliases['ContributorList-Last'], 'err_redundant_parameters', 1 ) then -- are there contributor name list parameters? utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_ignored'); -- add contributor ignored error message end Contribution = nil; -- unset end local Title = A['Title']; local TitleLink = A['TitleLink']; local auto_select = ''; -- default is auto local accept_link; TitleLink, accept_link = utilities.has_accept_as_written (TitleLink, true); -- test for accept-this-as-written markup if (not accept_link) and utilities.in_array (TitleLink, {'none', 'pmc', 'doi'}) then -- check for special keywords auto_select = TitleLink; -- remember selection for later TitleLink = ''; -- treat as if |title-link= would have been empty end TitleLink = link_title_ok (TitleLink, A:ORIGIN ('TitleLink'), Title, 'title'); -- check for wiki-markup in |title-link= or wiki-markup in |title= when |title-link= is set local Section = ''; -- {{cite map}} only; preset to empty string for concatenation if not used if 'map' == config.CitationClass and 'section' == Chapter_origin then Section = A['Chapter']; -- get |section= from |chapter= alias list; |chapter= and the other aliases not supported in {{cite map}} Chapter = ''; -- unset for now; will be reset later from |map= if present end local Periodical = A['Periodical']; local Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('Periodical'); local ScriptPeriodical = A['ScriptPeriodical']; local ScriptPeriodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptPeriodical'); local TransPeriodical = A['TransPeriodical']; local TransPeriodical_origin = A:ORIGIN ('TransPeriodical'); if (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'book', 'encyclopaedia'}) and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) or utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical))) then local param; if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then -- get a parameter name from one of these periodical related meta-parameters Periodical = ''; -- unset because not valid {{cite book}} or {{cite encyclopedia}} parameters param = Periodical_origin -- get parameter name for error messaging elseif utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical) then TransPeriodical = ''; -- unset because not valid {{cite book}} or {{cite encyclopedia}} parameters param = TransPeriodical_origin; -- get parameter name for error messaging elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) then ScriptPeriodical = ''; -- unset because not valid {{cite book}} or {{cite encyclopedia}} parameters param = ScriptPeriodical_origin; -- get parameter name for error messaging end if utilities.is_set (param) then -- if we found one utilities.set_message ('err_periodical_ignored', {param}); -- emit an error message end end if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then local i; Periodical, i = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (Periodical); -- strip apostrophe markup so that metadata isn't contaminated if i then -- non-zero when markup was stripped so emit an error message utilities.set_message ('err_apostrophe_markup', {Periodical_origin}); end end if 'mailinglist' == config.CitationClass then -- special case for {{cite mailing list}} if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.is_set (A ['MailingList']) then -- both set emit an error TODO: make a function for this and similar? utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', Periodical_origin) .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'mailinglist')}); end Periodical = A ['MailingList']; -- error or no, set Periodical to |mailinglist= value because this template is {{cite mailing list}} Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('MailingList'); end -- web and news not tested for now because of -- Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard#Is_there_a_semi-automated_tool_that_could_fix_these_annoying_"Cite_Web"_errors? if not (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) then -- 'periodical' templates require periodical parameter -- local p = {['journal'] = 'journal', ['magazine'] = 'magazine', ['news'] = 'newspaper', ['web'] = 'website'}; -- for error message local p = {['journal'] = 'journal', ['magazine'] = 'magazine'}; -- for error message if p[config.CitationClass] then utilities.set_message ('err_missing_periodical', {config.CitationClass, p[config.CitationClass]}); end end local Volume; if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then if not utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, cfg.citation_no_volume_t) then -- {{citation}} does not render |volume= when these parameters are used Volume = A['Volume']; -- but does for all other 'periodicals' end elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) then if 'script-website' ~= ScriptPeriodical_origin then -- {{citation}} does not render volume for |script-website= Volume = A['Volume']; -- but does for all other 'periodicals' end else Volume = A['Volume']; -- and does for non-'periodical' cites end elseif utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_volume) then -- render |volume= for cs1 according to the configuration settings Volume = A['Volume']; end extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (Volume, A:ORIGIN ('Volume'), 'v'); local Issue; if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, cfg.citation_issue_t) then -- {{citation}} may render |issue= when these parameters are used Issue = A['Issue']; end elseif utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_issue) then -- conference & map books do not support issue; {{citation}} listed here because included in settings table if not (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'conference', 'map', 'citation'}) and not (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical))) then Issue = A['Issue']; end end local ArticleNumber; if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'conference'}) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Periodical) and 'journal' == Periodical_origin) then ArticleNumber = A['ArticleNumber']; end extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (Issue, A:ORIGIN ('Issue'), 'i'); Issue = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (Issue); local Page; local Pages; local At; local QuotePage; local QuotePages; if not utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_not_using_page) then -- TODO: rewrite to emit ignored parameter error message? Page = A['Page']; Pages = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['Pages']); At = A['At']; QuotePage = A['QuotePage']; QuotePages = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['QuotePages']); end local NoPP = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NoPP'], A:ORIGIN('NoPP'), cfg.keywords_lists['yes_true_y'], nil); local Mode = mode_set (A['Mode'], A:ORIGIN('Mode')); -- separator character and postscript local sepc, PostScript = set_style (Mode:lower(), A['PostScript'], config.CitationClass); local Quote; Quote, QuotePage, QuotePages, PostScript = quote_make (A['Quote'], A['TransQuote'], A['ScriptQuote'], QuotePage, QuotePages, NoPP, sepc, PostScript); local Edition = A['Edition']; local PublicationPlace = place_check (A['PublicationPlace'], A:ORIGIN('PublicationPlace')); local Place = place_check (A['Place'], A:ORIGIN('Place')); local PublisherName = A['PublisherName']; local PublisherName_origin = A:ORIGIN('PublisherName'); if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) and (cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] ~= PublisherName) then local i; PublisherName, i = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (PublisherName); -- strip apostrophe markup so that metadata isn't contaminated; publisher is never italicized if i and (0 < i) then -- non-zero when markup was stripped so emit an error message utilities.set_message ('err_apostrophe_markup', {PublisherName_origin}); end end if ('document' == config.CitationClass) and not utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then utilities.set_message ('err_missing_publisher', {config.CitationClass, 'publisher'}); end local Newsgroup = A['Newsgroup']; -- TODO: strip apostrophe markup? local Newsgroup_origin = A:ORIGIN('Newsgroup'); if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass then if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) and (cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] ~= PublisherName) then -- general use parameter |publisher= not allowed in cite newsgroup utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {PublisherName_origin}); end PublisherName = nil; -- ensure that this parameter is unset for the time being; will be used again after COinS end if 'book' == config.CitationClass or 'encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and not utilities.is_set (Periodical)) then local accept; PublisherName, accept = utilities.has_accept_as_written (PublisherName); -- check for and remove accept-as-written markup from |publisher= wrapped if not accept then -- when no accept-as-written markup check_publisher_name (PublisherName); -- emit maint message when |publisher= might be prefixed with publisher's location end end local URL = A['URL']; -- TODO: better way to do this for URL, ChapterURL, and MapURL? local UrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['UrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('UrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil); if not utilities.is_set (URL) and utilities.is_set (UrlAccess) then UrlAccess = nil; utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', 'url'); end local ChapterURL = A['ChapterURL']; local ChapterUrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['ChapterUrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('ChapterUrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil); if not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) and utilities.is_set (ChapterUrlAccess) then ChapterUrlAccess = nil; utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {A:ORIGIN('ChapterUrlAccess'):gsub ('%-access', '')}); end local MapUrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['MapUrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('MapUrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil); if not utilities.is_set (A['MapURL']) and utilities.is_set (MapUrlAccess) then MapUrlAccess = nil; utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {'map-url'}); end local this_page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle(); -- also used for COinS and for language local no_tracking_cats = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NoTracking'], A:ORIGIN('NoTracking'), cfg.keywords_lists['yes_true_y'], nil); -- check this page to see if it is in one of the namespaces that cs1 is not supposed to add to the error categories if not utilities.is_set (no_tracking_cats) then -- ignore if we are already not going to categorize this page if cfg.uncategorized_namespaces[this_page.namespace] then -- is this page's namespace id one of the uncategorized namespace ids? no_tracking_cats = "true"; -- set no_tracking_cats end for _, v in ipairs (cfg.uncategorized_subpages) do -- cycle through page name patterns if this_page.text:match (v) then -- test page name against each pattern no_tracking_cats = "true"; -- set no_tracking_cats break; -- bail out if one is found end end end -- check for extra |page=, |pages= or |at= parameters. (also sheet and sheets while we're at it) utilities.select_one (args, {'page', 'p', 'pp', 'pages', 'at', 'sheet', 'sheets'}, 'err_redundant_parameters'); -- this is a dummy call simply to get the error message and category local coins_pages; Page, Pages, At, coins_pages = insource_loc_get (Page, A:ORIGIN('Page'), Pages, A:ORIGIN('Pages'), At); if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) and utilities.is_set (Place) then -- both |publication-place= and |place= (|location=) allowed if different utilities.add_prop_cat ('location-test'); -- add property cat to evaluate how often PublicationPlace and Place are used together if PublicationPlace == Place then Place = ''; -- unset; don't need both if they are the same end elseif not utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) and utilities.is_set (Place) then -- when only |place= (|location=) is set ... PublicationPlace = Place; -- promote |place= (|location=) to |publication-place end if PublicationPlace == Place then Place = ''; end -- don't need both if they are the same local URL_origin = A:ORIGIN('URL'); -- get name of parameter that holds URL local ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ChapterURL'); -- get name of parameter that holds ChapterURL -- local ScriptChapter = A['ScriptChapter']; -- local ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptChapter'); local Format = A['Format']; local ChapterFormat = A['ChapterFormat']; local TransChapter = A['TransChapter']; local TransChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('TransChapter'); local TransTitle = A['TransTitle']; local ScriptTitle = A['ScriptTitle']; --[[ Parameter remapping for cite encyclopedia: When the citation has these parameters: |encyclopedia= and |title= then map |title= to |article= and |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering |encyclopedia= and |article= then map |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering |trans-title= maps to |trans-chapter= when |title= is re-mapped |url= maps to |chapter-url= when |title= is remapped All other combinations of |encyclopedia=, |title=, and |article= are not modified ]] local Encyclopedia = A['Encyclopedia']; -- used as a flag by this module and by ~/COinS local ScriptEncyclopedia = A['ScriptEncyclopedia']; local TransEncyclopedia = A['TransEncyclopedia']; if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) or utilities.is_set (ScriptEncyclopedia) then -- emit error message when Encyclopedia set but template is other than {{cite encyclopedia}} or {{citation}} if 'encyclopaedia' ~= config.CitationClass and 'citation' ~= config.CitationClass then if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) then utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {A:ORIGIN ('Encyclopedia')}); else utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {A:ORIGIN ('ScriptEncyclopedia')}); end Encyclopedia = nil; -- unset these because not supported by this template ScriptEncyclopedia = nil; TransEncyclopedia = nil; end elseif utilities.is_set (TransEncyclopedia) then utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'encyclopedia'}); end if ('encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) then -- when both parameters set emit an error message; {{citation}} only; Periodical not allowed in {{cite encyclopedia}} utilities.set_message ('err_periodical_ignored', {Periodical_origin}); end if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) or utilities.is_set (ScriptEncyclopedia) then Periodical = Encyclopedia; -- error or no, set Periodical to Encyclopedia for rendering; {{citation}} could (not legitimately) have both; use Encyclopedia Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN ('Encyclopedia'); ScriptPeriodical = ScriptEncyclopedia; ScriptPeriodical_origin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptEncyclopedia'); if utilities.is_set (Title) or utilities.is_set (ScriptTitle) then if not utilities.is_set (Chapter) then Chapter = Title; -- |encyclopedia= and |title= are set so map |title= params to |article= params for rendering ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle; ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptTitle') TransChapter = TransTitle; ChapterURL = URL; ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin; ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess; ChapterFormat = Format; if not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) and utilities.is_set (TitleLink) then Chapter = utilities.make_wikilink (TitleLink, Chapter); end Title = Periodical; -- now map |encyclopedia= params to |title= params for rendering ScriptTitle = ScriptPeriodical or ''; TransTitle = TransEncyclopedia or ''; Periodical = ''; -- redundant so unset ScriptPeriodical = ''; URL = ''; Format = ''; TitleLink = ''; end elseif utilities.is_set (Chapter) or utilities.is_set (ScriptChapter) then -- |title= not set Title = Periodical; -- |encyclopedia= set and |article= set so map |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering ScriptTitle = ScriptPeriodical or ''; TransTitle = TransEncyclopedia or ''; Periodical = ''; -- redundant so unset ScriptPeriodical = ''; end end end -- special case for cite techreport. local ID = A['ID']; if (config.CitationClass == "techreport") then -- special case for cite techreport if utilities.is_set (A['Number']) then -- cite techreport uses 'number', which other citations alias to 'issue' if not utilities.is_set (ID) then -- can we use ID for the "number"? ID = A['Number']; -- yes, use it else -- ID has a value so emit error message utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'id') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'number')}); end end end -- Account for the oddity that is {{cite conference}}, before generation of COinS data. local ChapterLink -- = A['ChapterLink']; -- deprecated as a parameter but still used internally by cite episode local Conference = A['Conference']; local BookTitle = A['BookTitle']; local TransTitle_origin = A:ORIGIN ('TransTitle'); if 'conference' == config.CitationClass then if utilities.is_set (BookTitle) then Chapter = Title; Chapter_origin = 'title'; -- ChapterLink = TitleLink; -- |chapter-link= is deprecated ChapterURL = URL; ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess; ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin; URL_origin = ''; ChapterFormat = Format; TransChapter = TransTitle; TransChapter_origin = TransTitle_origin; Title = BookTitle; Format = ''; -- TitleLink = ''; TransTitle = ''; URL = ''; end elseif 'speech' ~= config.CitationClass then Conference = ''; -- not cite conference or cite speech so make sure this is empty string end local cs2_lower = function (text) -- if mode is cs2, use lower case if (sepc ~= '.') then return text:lower(); end return text; end local use_lowercase = ( sepc == ',' ); -- controls capitalization of certain static text -- cite map oddities local Cartography = ""; local Scale = ""; local Sheet = A['Sheet'] or ''; local Sheets = A['Sheets'] or ''; if config.CitationClass == "map" then if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then --TODO: make a function for this and similar? utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'map') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', Chapter_origin)}); -- add error message end Chapter = A['Map']; Chapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('Map'); -- for now, ignore linter warning ChapterURL = A['MapURL']; ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('MapURL'); TransChapter = A['TransMap']; ScriptChapter = A['ScriptMap'] ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptMap') ChapterUrlAccess = MapUrlAccess; ChapterFormat = A['MapFormat']; Cartography = A['Cartography']; if utilities.is_set ( Cartography ) then Cartography = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('cartography', Cartography, use_lowercase); end Scale = A['Scale']; if utilities.is_set ( Scale ) then Scale = sepc .. " " .. Scale; end end -- Account for the oddities that are {{cite episode}} and {{cite serial}}, before generation of COinS data. local Series = A['Series']; if 'episode' == config.CitationClass or 'serial' == config.CitationClass then local SeriesLink = A['SeriesLink']; SeriesLink = link_title_ok (SeriesLink, A:ORIGIN ('SeriesLink'), Series, 'series'); -- check for wiki-markup in |series-link= or wiki-markup in |series= when |series-link= is set local Network = A['Network']; local Station = A['Station']; local s, n = {}, {}; -- do common parameters first if utilities.is_set (Network) then table.insert(n, Network); end if utilities.is_set (Station) then table.insert(n, Station); end ID = table.concat(n, sepc .. ' '); if 'episode' == config.CitationClass then -- handle the oddities that are strictly {{cite episode}} local Season = A['Season']; local SeriesNumber = A['SeriesNumber']; if utilities.is_set (Season) and utilities.is_set (SeriesNumber) then -- these are mutually exclusive so if both are set TODO: make a function for this and similar? utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'season') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'seriesno')}); -- add error message SeriesNumber = ''; -- unset; prefer |season= over |seriesno= end -- assemble a table of parts concatenated later into Series if utilities.is_set (Season) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('season', Season, use_lowercase)); end if utilities.is_set (SeriesNumber) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('seriesnum', SeriesNumber, use_lowercase)); end if utilities.is_set (Issue) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('episode', Issue, use_lowercase)); end Issue = ''; -- unset because this is not a unique parameter Chapter = Title; -- promote title parameters to chapter ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle; ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptTitle'); ChapterLink = TitleLink; -- alias |episode-link= TransChapter = TransTitle; ChapterURL = URL; ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess; ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin; ChapterFormat = Format; Title = Series; -- promote series to title TitleLink = SeriesLink; Series = table.concat(s, sepc .. ' '); -- this is concatenation of season, seriesno, episode number if utilities.is_set (ChapterLink) and not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then -- link but not URL Chapter = utilities.make_wikilink (ChapterLink, Chapter); elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterLink) and utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then -- if both are set, URL links episode; Series = utilities.make_wikilink (ChapterLink, Series); end URL = ''; -- unset TransTitle = ''; ScriptTitle = ''; Format = ''; else -- now oddities that are cite serial Issue = ''; -- unset because this parameter no longer supported by the citation/core version of cite serial Chapter = A['Episode']; -- TODO: make |episode= available to cite episode someday? if utilities.is_set (Series) and utilities.is_set (SeriesLink) then Series = utilities.make_wikilink (SeriesLink, Series); end Series = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', Series); -- series is italicized end end -- end of {{cite episode}} stuff -- handle type parameter for those CS1 citations that have default values local TitleType = A['TitleType']; local Degree = A['Degree']; if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'AV-media-notes', 'document', 'interview', 'mailinglist', 'map', 'podcast', 'pressrelease', 'report', 'speech', 'techreport', 'thesis'}) then TitleType = set_titletype (config.CitationClass, TitleType); if utilities.is_set (Degree) and "Thesis" == TitleType then -- special case for cite thesis TitleType = Degree .. ' ' .. cfg.title_types ['thesis']:lower(); end end if utilities.is_set (TitleType) then -- if type parameter is specified TitleType = utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages['type'], TitleType); -- display it in parentheses -- TODO: Hack on TitleType to fix bunched parentheses problem end -- legacy: promote PublicationDate to Date if neither Date nor Year are set. local Date = A['Date']; local Date_origin; -- to hold the name of parameter promoted to Date; required for date error messaging local PublicationDate = A['PublicationDate']; local Year = A['Year']; if utilities.is_set (Year) then validation.year_check (Year); -- returns nothing; emits maint message when |year= doesn't hold a 'year' value end if not utilities.is_set (Date) then Date = Year; -- promote Year to Date Year = nil; -- make nil so Year as empty string isn't used for CITEREF if not utilities.is_set (Date) and utilities.is_set (PublicationDate) then -- use PublicationDate when |date= and |year= are not set Date = PublicationDate; -- promote PublicationDate to Date PublicationDate = ''; -- unset, no longer needed Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('PublicationDate'); -- save the name of the promoted parameter else Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('Year'); -- save the name of the promoted parameter end else Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('Date'); -- not a promotion; name required for error messaging end if PublicationDate == Date then PublicationDate = ''; end -- if PublicationDate is same as Date, don't display in rendered citation --[[ Go test all of the date-holding parameters for valid MOS:DATE format and make sure that dates are real dates. This must be done before we do COinS because here is where we get the date used in the metadata. Date validation supporting code is in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation ]] local DF = is_valid_parameter_value (A['DF'], A:ORIGIN('DF'), cfg.keywords_lists['df'], ''); if not utilities.is_set (DF) then DF = cfg.global_df; -- local |df= if present overrides global df set by {{use xxx date}} template end local ArchiveURL; local ArchiveDate; local ArchiveFormat = A['ArchiveFormat']; local archive_url_timestamp; -- timestamp from wayback machine url ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, archive_url_timestamp = archive_url_check (A['ArchiveURL'], A['ArchiveDate']) ArchiveFormat = style_format (ArchiveFormat, ArchiveURL, 'archive-format', 'archive-url'); ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate = is_unique_archive_url (ArchiveURL, URL, ChapterURL, A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL'), ArchiveDate); -- add error message when URL or ChapterURL == ArchiveURL local AccessDate = A['AccessDate']; local COinS_date = {}; -- holds date info extracted from |date= for the COinS metadata by Module:Date verification local DoiBroken = A['DoiBroken']; local Embargo = A['Embargo']; local anchor_year; -- used in the CITEREF identifier do -- create defined block to contain local variables date_parameters_list, mismatch local date_parameters_list = { -- AirDate has been promoted to Date so not necessary to check it ['access-date'] = {val = AccessDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('AccessDate')}, ['archive-date'] = {val = ArchiveDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('ArchiveDate')}, ['date'] = {val = Date, name = Date_origin}, ['doi-broken-date'] = {val = DoiBroken, name = A:ORIGIN ('DoiBroken')}, ['pmc-embargo-date'] = {val = Embargo, name = A:ORIGIN ('Embargo')}, ['publication-date'] = {val = PublicationDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('PublicationDate')}, ['year'] = {val = Year, name = A:ORIGIN ('Year')}, }; local error_list = {}; anchor_year, Embargo = validation.dates(date_parameters_list, COinS_date, error_list); if utilities.is_set (Year) and utilities.is_set (Date) then -- both |date= and |year= not normally needed; validation.year_date_check (Year, A:ORIGIN ('Year'), Date, A:ORIGIN ('Date'), error_list); end if 0 == #error_list then -- error free dates only; 0 when error_list is empty local modified = false; -- flag if utilities.is_set (DF) then -- if we need to reformat dates modified = validation.reformat_dates (date_parameters_list, DF); -- reformat to DF format, use long month names if appropriate end if true == validation.date_hyphen_to_dash (date_parameters_list) then -- convert hyphens to dashes where appropriate modified = true; utilities.set_message ('maint_date_format'); -- hyphens were converted so add maint category end -- for those wikis that can and want to have English date names translated to the local language; not supported at en.wiki if cfg.date_name_auto_xlate_enable and validation.date_name_xlate (date_parameters_list, cfg.date_digit_auto_xlate_enable ) then utilities.set_message ('maint_date_auto_xlated'); -- add maint cat modified = true; end if modified then -- if the date_parameters_list values were modified AccessDate = date_parameters_list['access-date'].val; -- overwrite date holding parameters with modified values ArchiveDate = date_parameters_list['archive-date'].val; Date = date_parameters_list['date'].val; DoiBroken = date_parameters_list['doi-broken-date'].val; PublicationDate = date_parameters_list['publication-date'].val; end if archive_url_timestamp and utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then validation.archive_date_check (ArchiveDate, archive_url_timestamp, DF); -- does YYYYMMDD in archive_url_timestamp match date in ArchiveDate end else utilities.set_message ('err_bad_date', {utilities.make_sep_list (#error_list, error_list)}); -- add this error message end end -- end of do if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'book', 'encyclopaedia'}) or -- {{cite book}}, {{cite encyclopedia}}; TODO: {{cite conference}} and others? ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) or -- {{citation}} as an encylopedia citation ('citation' == config.CitationClass and not utilities.is_set (Periodical)) then -- {{citation}} as a book citation if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then if not utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then local date = COinS_date.rftdate and tonumber (COinS_date.rftdate:match ('%d%d%d%d')); -- get year portion of COinS date (because in Arabic numerals); convert string to number if date and (1850 <= date) then -- location has no publisher; if date is 1850 or later utilities.set_message ('maint_location_no_publisher'); -- add maint cat end else -- PublisherName has a value if cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] == PublisherName then -- if that value is 'none' (only for book and encyclopedia citations) PublisherName = ''; -- unset end end end end local ID_list_t; -- sequence table of rendered identifiers local ID_list_coins_t; -- table of identifiers and their values from args; key is same as cfg.id_handlers's key local Class = A['Class']; -- arxiv class identifier local ID_support = { {A['ASINTLD'], 'ASIN', 'err_asintld_missing_asin', A:ORIGIN ('ASINTLD')}, {DoiBroken, 'DOI', 'err_doibroken_missing_doi', A:ORIGIN ('DoiBroken')}, {Embargo, 'PMC', 'err_embargo_missing_pmc', A:ORIGIN ('Embargo')}, } ID_list_t, ID_list_coins_t = identifiers.identifier_lists_get (args, { DoiBroken = DoiBroken, -- for |doi= ASINTLD = A['ASINTLD'], -- for |asin= Embargo = Embargo, -- for |pmc= Class = Class, -- for |arxiv= CitationClass = config.CitationClass, -- for |arxiv= Year=anchor_year, -- for |isbn= }, ID_support); for _, id in ipairs (ID_list_t) do -- search through the ID_list_t sequence looking for an ISBN identifier string if id:find ('ISBN', 3, true) then -- plain find, start at index 3 ([[ISBN) if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then -- catch ve/citoid malformed book cites in {{citation}} templates if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then -- when a |work= alias is set utilities.set_message ('maint_work_isbn'); -- add maint cat break; -- and abandon end elseif ({['journal'] = true, ['magazine'] = true, ['news'] = true, ['web'] = true})[config.CitationClass] then utilities.set_message ('maint_periodical_has_isbn'); -- add maint cat break; -- and abandon end end end -- if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then -- catch ve/citoid malformed book cites in {{citation}} templates -- for _, id in ipairs (ID_list_t) do -- search through the ID_list_t sequence looking for an ISBN identifier string -- if id:find ('ISBN', 3, true) then -- plain find, start at index 3 ([[ISBN) -- if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then -- when a |work= alias is set -- utilities.set_message ('maint_work_isbn'); -- add maint cat -- end -- end -- end -- end -- Account for the oddities that are {{cite arxiv}}, {{cite biorxiv}}, {{cite citeseerx}}, {{cite medrxiv}}, {{cite ssrn}}, before generation of COinS data. if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then -- |arxiv= or |eprint= required for cite arxiv; |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |medrxiv=, |ssrn= required for their templates if not (args[cfg.id_handlers[config.CitationClass:upper()].parameters[1]] or -- can't use ID_list_coins_t k/v table here because invalid parameters omitted args[cfg.id_handlers[config.CitationClass:upper()].parameters[2]]) then -- which causes unexpected parameter missing error message utilities.set_message ('err_' .. config.CitationClass .. '_missing'); -- add error message end Periodical = ({['arxiv'] = 'arXiv', ['biorxiv'] = 'bioRxiv', ['citeseerx'] = 'CiteSeerX', ['medrxiv'] = 'medRxiv', ['ssrn'] = 'Social Science Research Network'})[config.CitationClass]; end -- Link the title of the work if no |url= was provided, but we have a |pmc= or a |doi= with |doi-access=free if config.CitationClass == "journal" and not utilities.is_set (URL) and not utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and not utilities.in_array (cfg.keywords_xlate[Title], {'off', 'none'}) then -- TODO: remove 'none' once existing citations have been switched to 'off', so 'none' can be used as token for "no title" instead if 'none' ~= cfg.keywords_xlate[auto_select] then -- if auto-linking not disabled if identifiers.auto_link_urls[auto_select] then -- manual selection URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls[auto_select]; -- set URL to be the same as identifier's external link URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers[auto_select:upper()].parameters[1]; -- set URL_origin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title= elseif identifiers.auto_link_urls['pmc'] then -- auto-select PMC URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls['pmc']; -- set URL to be the same as the PMC external link if not embargoed URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].parameters[1]; -- set URL_origin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title= elseif identifiers.auto_link_urls['doi'] then -- auto-select DOI URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls['doi']; URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers['DOI'].parameters[1]; end end if utilities.is_set (URL) then -- set when using an identifier-created URL if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) then -- |access-date= requires |url=; identifier-created URL is not |url= utilities.set_message ('err_accessdate_missing_url'); -- add an error message AccessDate = ''; -- unset end if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then -- |archive-url= requires |url=; identifier-created URL is not |url= utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url'); -- add an error message ArchiveURL = ''; -- unset end end end -- At this point fields may be nil if they weren't specified in the template use. We can use that fact. -- Test if citation has no title if not utilities.is_set (Title) and not utilities.is_set (TransTitle) and not utilities.is_set (ScriptTitle) then -- has special case for cite episode utilities.set_message ('err_citation_missing_title', {'episode' == config.CitationClass and 'series' or 'title'}); end if utilities.in_array (cfg.keywords_xlate[Title], {'off', 'none'}) and utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'citation'}) and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and ('journal' == Periodical_origin or 'script-journal' == ScriptPeriodical_origin) then -- special case for journal cites Title = ''; -- set title to empty string utilities.set_message ('maint_untitled'); -- add maint cat end if 'journal' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Periodical) and 'journal' == Periodical_origin) then if is_page_art_num (((utilities.is_set (Page) and Page) or (utilities.is_set (Pages) and Pages)) or nil, ID_list_coins_t['DOI']) then -- does |page(s)= look like it holds an article number utilities.set_message ('maint_page_art_num'); -- add maint cat end end -- COinS metadata (see <http://ocoins.info/>) for automated parsing of citation information. -- handle the oddity that is cite encyclopedia and {{citation |encyclopedia=something}}. Here we presume that -- when Periodical, Title, and Chapter are all set, then Periodical is the book (encyclopedia) title, Title -- is the article title, and Chapter is a section within the article. So, we remap local coins_chapter = Chapter; -- default assuming that remapping not required local coins_title = Title; -- et tu if 'encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then if utilities.is_set (Chapter) and utilities.is_set (Title) and utilities.is_set (Periodical) then -- if all are used then coins_chapter = Title; -- remap coins_title = Periodical; end end local coins_author = a; -- default for coins rft.au if 0 < #c then -- but if contributor list coins_author = c; -- use that instead end -- this is the function call to COinS() local OCinSoutput = metadata.COinS({ ['Periodical'] = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (Periodical), -- no markup in the metadata ['Encyclopedia'] = Encyclopedia, -- just a flag; content ignored by ~/COinS ['Chapter'] = metadata.make_coins_title (coins_chapter, ScriptChapter), -- Chapter and ScriptChapter stripped of bold / italic / accept-as-written markup ['Degree'] = Degree; -- cite thesis only ['Title'] = metadata.make_coins_title (coins_title, ScriptTitle), -- Title and ScriptTitle stripped of bold / italic / accept-as-written markup ['PublicationPlace'] = PublicationPlace, ['Date'] = COinS_date.rftdate, -- COinS_date.* has correctly formatted date values if Date is valid; ['Season'] = COinS_date.rftssn, ['Quarter'] = COinS_date.rftquarter, ['Chron'] = COinS_date.rftchron, ['Series'] = Series, ['Volume'] = Volume, ['Issue'] = Issue, ['ArticleNumber'] = ArticleNumber, ['Pages'] = coins_pages or metadata.get_coins_pages (first_set ({Sheet, Sheets, Page, Pages, At, QuotePage, QuotePages}, 7)), -- pages stripped of external links ['Edition'] = Edition, ['PublisherName'] = PublisherName or Newsgroup, -- any apostrophe markup already removed from PublisherName ['URL'] = first_set ({ChapterURL, URL}, 2), ['Authors'] = coins_author, ['ID_list'] = ID_list_coins_t, ['RawPage'] = this_page.prefixedText, }, config.CitationClass); -- Account for the oddities that are {{cite arxiv}}, {{cite biorxiv}}, {{cite citeseerx}}, {{cite medrxiv}}, and {{cite ssrn}} AFTER generation of COinS data. if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then -- we have set rft.jtitle in COinS to arXiv, bioRxiv, CiteSeerX, medRxiv, or ssrn now unset so it isn't displayed Periodical = ''; -- periodical not allowed in these templates; if article has been published, use cite journal end -- special case for cite newsgroup. Do this after COinS because we are modifying Publishername to include some static text if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Newsgroup) then PublisherName = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['newsgroup'], external_link( 'news:' .. Newsgroup, Newsgroup, Newsgroup_origin, nil )); end local Editors; local EditorCount; -- used only for choosing {ed.) or (eds.) annotation at end of editor name-list local Contributors; -- assembled contributors name list local contributor_etal = nil; -- must be intentionally initialized local Translators; -- assembled translators name list local translator_etal = nil; -- must be intentionally initialized local t = extract_names (args, 'TranslatorList'); -- fetch translator list from |translatorn= / |translator-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn= local Interviewers; local interviewers_list = extract_names (args, 'InterviewerList'); -- process preferred interviewers parameters local interviewer_etal = nil; -- must be intentionally initialized -- Now perform various field substitutions. -- We also add leading spaces and surrounding markup and punctuation to the -- various parts of the citation, but only when they are non-nil. do local last_first_list; local control = { format = NameListStyle, -- empty string, '&', 'amp', 'and', or 'vanc' maximum = nil, -- as if display-authors or display-editors not set mode = Mode }; do -- do editor name list first because the now unsupported coauthors used to modify control table local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayEditors'], A['DisplayEditors'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayEditors'), #e); control.maximum, editor_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #e, editor_etal, param); Editors, EditorCount = list_people (control, e, editor_etal); if 1 == EditorCount and (true == editor_etal or 1 < #e) then -- only one editor displayed but includes etal then EditorCount = 2; -- spoof to display (eds.) annotation end end do -- now do interviewers local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayInterviewers'], A['DisplayInterviewers'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayInterviewers'), #interviewers_list); control.maximum, interviewer_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #interviewers_list, interviewer_etal, param); Interviewers = list_people (control, interviewers_list, interviewer_etal); end do -- now do translators local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayTranslators'], A['DisplayTranslators'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayTranslators'), #t); control.maximum, translator_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #t, translator_etal, param); Translators = list_people (control, t, translator_etal); end do -- now do contributors local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayContributors'], A['DisplayContributors'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayContributors'), #c); control.maximum, contributor_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #c, contributor_etal, param); Contributors = list_people (control, c, contributor_etal); end do -- now do authors local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayAuthors'], A['DisplayAuthors'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayAuthors'), #a, author_etal); control.maximum, author_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #a, author_etal, param); last_first_list = list_people (control, a, author_etal); if utilities.is_set (Authors) then Authors, author_etal = name_has_etal (Authors, author_etal, false, 'authors'); -- find and remove variations on et al. if author_etal then Authors = Authors .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['et al']; -- add et al. to authors parameter end else Authors = last_first_list; -- either an author name list or an empty string end end -- end of do if utilities.is_set (Authors) and utilities.is_set (Collaboration) then Authors = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['collaboration'], {Authors, Collaboration}); -- add collaboration after et al. end end local ConferenceFormat = A['ConferenceFormat']; local ConferenceURL = A['ConferenceURL']; ConferenceFormat = style_format (ConferenceFormat, ConferenceURL, 'conference-format', 'conference-url'); Format = style_format (Format, URL, 'format', 'url'); -- special case for chapter format so no error message or cat when chapter not supported if not (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia))) then ChapterFormat = style_format (ChapterFormat, ChapterURL, 'chapter-format', 'chapter-url'); end if not utilities.is_set (URL) then if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {"web", "podcast", "mailinglist"}) or -- |url= required for {{cite web}}, {{cite podcast}}, and {{cite mailing list}} ('citation' == config.CitationClass and ('website' == Periodical_origin or 'script-website' == ScriptPeriodical_origin)) then -- and required for {{citation}} with |website= or |script-website= if not url_was_archive_today then -- is <URL> empty/missing because it was a deprecated archive.today url utilities.set_message ('err_cite_web_url'); -- no; emit an error message for an empty/ missing |url= end end -- do we have |accessdate= without either |url= or |chapter-url=? if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) and not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then -- ChapterURL may be set when URL is not set; utilities.set_message ('err_accessdate_missing_url'); AccessDate = ''; end end local UrlStatus = is_valid_parameter_value (A['UrlStatus'], A:ORIGIN('UrlStatus'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-status'], ''); local OriginalURL local OriginalURL_origin local OriginalFormat local OriginalAccess; UrlStatus = UrlStatus:lower(); -- used later when assembling archived text if utilities.is_set ( ArchiveURL ) then if utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then -- if chapter-url= is set apply archive url to it OriginalURL = ChapterURL; -- save copy of source chapter's url for archive text OriginalURL_origin = ChapterURL_origin; -- name of |chapter-url= parameter for error messages OriginalFormat = ChapterFormat; -- and original |chapter-format= if 'live' ~= UrlStatus then ChapterURL = ArchiveURL -- swap-in the archive's URL ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL') -- name of |archive-url= parameter for error messages ChapterFormat = ArchiveFormat or ''; -- swap in archive's format ChapterUrlAccess = nil; -- restricted access levels do not make sense for archived URLs end elseif utilities.is_set (URL) then OriginalURL = URL; -- save copy of original source URL OriginalURL_origin = URL_origin; -- name of URL parameter for error messages OriginalFormat = Format; -- and original |format= OriginalAccess = UrlAccess; if 'live' ~= UrlStatus then -- if URL set then |archive-url= applies to it URL = ArchiveURL -- swap-in the archive's URL URL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL') -- name of archive URL parameter for error messages Format = ArchiveFormat or ''; -- swap in archive's format UrlAccess = nil; -- restricted access levels do not make sense for archived URLs end end elseif utilities.is_set (UrlStatus) then -- if |url-status= is set when |archive-url= is not set utilities.set_message ('maint_url_status'); -- add maint cat end if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or -- if any of the 'periodical' cites except encyclopedia ('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then local chap_param; if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then -- get a parameter name from one of these chapter related meta-parameters chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('Chapter') elseif utilities.is_set (TransChapter) then chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('TransChapter') elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterURL') elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptChapter) then chap_param = ScriptChapter_origin; else utilities.is_set (ChapterFormat) chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterFormat') end if utilities.is_set (chap_param) then -- if we found one utilities.set_message ('err_chapter_ignored', {chap_param}); -- add error message Chapter = ''; -- and set them to empty string to be safe with concatenation TransChapter = ''; -- for now, ignore linter warnings ChapterURL = ''; ScriptChapter = ''; ChapterFormat = ''; end else -- otherwise, format chapter / article title local no_quotes = false; -- default assume that we will be quoting the chapter parameter value if utilities.is_set (Contribution) and 0 < #c then -- if this is a contribution with contributor(s) if utilities.in_array (Contribution:lower(), cfg.keywords_lists.contribution) then -- and a generic contribution title no_quotes = true; -- then render it unquoted end end Chapter = format_chapter_title (ScriptChapter, ScriptChapter_origin, Chapter, TransChapter, TransChapter_origin, ChapterURL, ChapterURL_origin, no_quotes, ChapterUrlAccess); -- Contribution is also in Chapter if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then Chapter = Chapter .. ChapterFormat ; if 'map' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (TitleType) then Chapter = Chapter .. ' ' .. TitleType; -- map annotation here; not after title end Chapter = Chapter .. sepc .. ' '; elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterFormat) then -- |chapter= not set but |chapter-format= is so ... Chapter = ChapterFormat .. sepc .. ' '; -- ... ChapterFormat has error message, we want to see it end end -- Format main title local plain_title = false; local accept_title; Title, accept_title = utilities.has_accept_as_written (Title, true); -- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of <Title> if accept_title and ('' == Title) then -- only support forced empty for now "(())" Title = cfg.messages['notitle']; -- replace by predefined "No title" message -- TODO: utilities.set_message ( 'err_redundant_parameters', ...); -- issue proper error message instead of muting ScriptTitle = ''; -- just mute for now TransTitle = ''; -- just mute for now plain_title = true; -- suppress text decoration for descriptive title utilities.set_message ('maint_untitled'); -- add maint cat end if not accept_title then -- <Title> not wrapped in accept-as-written markup if '...' == Title:sub (-3) then -- if ellipsis is the last three characters of |title= Title = Title:gsub ('(%.%.%.)%.+$', '%1'); -- limit the number of dots to three elseif not mw.ustring.find (Title, '%.%s*%a%.$') and -- end of title is not a 'dot-(optional space-)letter-dot' initialism ... not mw.ustring.find (Title, '%s+%a%.$') then -- ...and not a 'space-letter-dot' initial (''Allium canadense'' L.) Title = mw.ustring.gsub(Title, '%' .. sepc .. '$', ''); -- remove any trailing separator character; sepc and ms.ustring() here for languages that use multibyte separator characters end if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) and is_archived_copy (Title) then utilities.set_message ('maint_archived_copy'); -- add maintenance category before we modify the content of Title end if is_generic ('generic_titles', Title) then utilities.set_message ('err_generic_title'); -- set an error message end end if (not plain_title) and (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'document', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'mailinglist', 'interview', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) or ('map' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)))) then -- special case for cite map when the map is in a periodical treat as an article Title = kern_quotes (Title); -- if necessary, separate title's leading and trailing quote marks from module provided quote marks Title = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-title', Title); Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title'); -- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle ); elseif plain_title or ('report' == config.CitationClass) then -- no styling for cite report and descriptive titles (otherwise same as above) Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title'); -- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle ); -- for cite report, use this form for trans-title else Title = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', Title); Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title'); -- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-italic-title', TransTitle); end if utilities.is_set (TransTitle) then if utilities.is_set (Title) then TransTitle = " " .. TransTitle; else utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'title'}); end end if utilities.is_set (Title) then -- TODO: is this the right place to be making Wikisource URLs? if utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and utilities.is_set (URL) then utilities.set_message ('err_wikilink_in_url'); -- set an error message because we can't have both TitleLink = ''; -- unset end if not utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and utilities.is_set (URL) then Title = external_link (URL, Title, URL_origin, UrlAccess) .. TransTitle .. Format; URL = ''; -- unset these because no longer needed Format = ''; -- for now, ignore linter warning elseif utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and not utilities.is_set (URL) then local ws_url; ws_url = wikisource_url_make (TitleLink); -- ignore ws_label return; not used here if ws_url then Title = external_link (ws_url, Title .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in title-link'); -- space char after Title to move icon away from italic text; TODO: a better way to do this? Title = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], TitleLink, Title}); Title = Title .. TransTitle; else Title = utilities.make_wikilink (TitleLink, Title) .. TransTitle; end else local ws_url, ws_label, L; -- Title has italic or quote markup by the time we get here which causes is_wikilink() to return 0 (not a wikilink) ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (Title:gsub('^[\'"]*(.-)[\'"]*$', '%1')); -- make ws URL from |title= interwiki link (strip italic or quote markup); link portion L becomes tooltip label if ws_url then Title = Title:gsub ('%b[]', ws_label); -- replace interwiki link with ws_label to retain markup Title = external_link (ws_url, Title .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in title'); -- space char after Title to move icon away from italic text; TODO: a better way to do this? Title = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, Title}); Title = Title .. TransTitle; else Title = Title .. TransTitle; end end else Title = TransTitle; end if utilities.is_set (Place) then Place = " " .. wrap_msg ('written', Place, use_lowercase) .. sepc .. " "; end local ConferenceURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ConferenceURL'); -- get name of parameter that holds ConferenceURL if utilities.is_set (Conference) then if utilities.is_set (ConferenceURL) then Conference = external_link( ConferenceURL, Conference, ConferenceURL_origin, nil ); end Conference = sepc .. " " .. Conference .. ConferenceFormat; elseif utilities.is_set (ConferenceURL) then Conference = sepc .. " " .. external_link( ConferenceURL, nil, ConferenceURL_origin, nil ); end local Position = ''; if not utilities.is_set (Position) then local Minutes = A['Minutes']; local Time = A['Time']; if utilities.is_set (Minutes) then if utilities.is_set (Time) then --TODO: make a function for this and similar? utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'minutes') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'time')}); end Position = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.minutes, Minutes); else if utilities.is_set (Time) then local TimeCaption = A['TimeCaption'] if not utilities.is_set (TimeCaption) then TimeCaption = cs2_lower(cfg.messages['event']); end Position = " " .. TimeCaption .. " " .. Time; end end else Position = " " .. Position; At = ''; end Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets = format_pages_sheets (Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, NoPP, use_lowercase); At = utilities.is_set (At) and (sepc .. " " .. At) or ""; Position = utilities.is_set (Position) and (sepc .. " " .. Position) or ""; if config.CitationClass == 'map' then local Sections = A['Sections']; -- Section (singular) is an alias of Chapter so set earlier local Inset = A['Inset']; if utilities.is_set ( Inset ) then Inset = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('inset', Inset, use_lowercase); end if utilities.is_set ( Sections ) then Section = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('sections', Sections, use_lowercase); elseif utilities.is_set ( Section ) then Section = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('section', Section, use_lowercase); end At = At .. Inset .. Section; end local Others = A['Others']; if utilities.is_set (Others) and 0 == #a and 0 == #e then -- add maint cat when |others= has value and used without |author=, |editor= if config.CitationClass == "AV-media-notes" or config.CitationClass == "audio-visual" then -- special maint for AV/M which has a lot of 'false' positives right now utilities.set_message ('maint_others_avm') else utilities.set_message ('maint_others'); end end Others = utilities.is_set (Others) and (sepc .. " " .. Others) or ""; if utilities.is_set (Translators) then Others = safe_join ({sepc .. ' ', wrap_msg ('translated', Translators, use_lowercase), Others}, sepc); end if utilities.is_set (Interviewers) then Others = safe_join ({sepc .. ' ', wrap_msg ('interview', Interviewers, use_lowercase), Others}, sepc); end local TitleNote = A['TitleNote']; TitleNote = utilities.is_set (TitleNote) and (sepc .. " " .. TitleNote) or ""; if utilities.is_set (Edition) then if Edition:match ('%f[%a][Ee]d%n?%.?$') or Edition:match ('%f[%a][Ee]dition$') then -- Ed, ed, Ed., ed., Edn, edn, Edn., edn. utilities.set_message ('err_extra_text_edition'); -- add error message end Edition = " " .. wrap_msg ('edition', Edition); else Edition = ''; end Series = utilities.is_set (Series) and wrap_msg ('series', {sepc, Series}) or ""; -- not the same as SeriesNum local Agency = A['Agency'] or ''; -- |agency= is supported by {{cite magazine}}, {{cite news}}, {{cite press release}}, {{cite web}}, and certain {{citation}} templates if utilities.is_set (Agency) then -- this testing done here because {{citation}} supports 'news' citations if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'magazine', 'news', 'pressrelease', 'web'}) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, {"magazine", "newspaper", "work"})) then Agency = wrap_msg ('agency', {sepc, Agency}); -- format for rendering else Agency = ''; -- unset; not supported utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {'agency'}); -- add error message end end Volume = format_volume_issue (Volume, Issue, ArticleNumber, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, use_lowercase); if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) then local retrv_text = " " .. cfg.messages['retrieved']; AccessDate = nowrap_date (AccessDate); -- wrap in nowrap span if date in appropriate format retrv_text = cs2_lower(retrv_text); -- if mode is cs2, lower case AccessDate = utilities.substitute (retrv_text, AccessDate); -- add retrieved text AccessDate = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['accessdate'], {sepc, AccessDate}); -- allow editors to hide accessdates end if utilities.is_set (ID) then ID = sepc .. " " .. ID; end local Docket = A['Docket']; if "thesis" == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Docket) then ID = sepc .. " Docket " .. Docket .. ID; end if "report" == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Docket) then -- for cite report when |docket= is set ID = sepc .. ' ' .. Docket; -- overwrite ID even if |id= is set end if utilities.is_set (URL) then URL = " " .. external_link( URL, nil, URL_origin, UrlAccess ); end -- We check length of PostScript here because it will have been nuked by -- the quote parameters. We'd otherwise emit a message even if there wasn't -- a displayed postscript. -- TODO: Should the max size (1) be configurable? -- TODO: Should we check a specific pattern? if utilities.is_set(PostScript) and mw.ustring.len(PostScript) > 1 then utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript') end local Archived; if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then if not utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then -- ArchiveURL set but ArchiveDate not set utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_date'); -- emit an error message ArchiveURL = ''; -- empty string for concatenation ArchiveDate = ''; -- empty string for concatenation end else if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then -- ArchiveURL not set but ArchiveDate is set utilities.set_message ('err_archive_date_missing_url'); -- emit an error message ArchiveURL = ''; -- empty string for concatenation ArchiveDate = ''; -- empty string for concatenation end end if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then if "live" == UrlStatus then if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages['archived-live'], { external_link( ArchiveURL, cs2_lower(cfg.messages['archived']), A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL'), nil) .. ArchiveFormat, ArchiveDate } ); else Archived = ''; end if not utilities.is_set (OriginalURL) then utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url'); Archived = ''; -- empty string for concatenation end elseif utilities.is_set (OriginalURL) then -- UrlStatus is empty, 'dead', 'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown' if utilities.in_array (UrlStatus, {'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown'}) then Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. utilities.substitute ( cs2_lower(cfg.messages['archived-unfit']), ArchiveDate); if 'bot: unknown' == UrlStatus then utilities.set_message ('maint_bot_unknown'); -- and add a category if not already added else utilities.add_prop_cat ('unfit'); -- and add a category if not already added end else -- UrlStatus is empty, 'dead' if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. utilities.substitute ( cs2_lower(cfg.messages['archived-dead']), { external_link( OriginalURL, cfg.messages['original'], OriginalURL_origin, OriginalAccess ) .. OriginalFormat, ArchiveDate } ); else Archived = ''; -- unset for concatenation end end else -- OriginalUrl not set utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url'); Archived = ''; -- empty string for concatenation end elseif utilities.is_set (ArchiveFormat) then Archived = ArchiveFormat; -- if set and ArchiveURL not set ArchiveFormat has error message else Archived = ''; end local TranscriptURL = A['TranscriptURL'] local TranscriptFormat = A['TranscriptFormat']; TranscriptFormat = style_format (TranscriptFormat, TranscriptURL, 'transcript-format', 'transcripturl'); local Transcript = A['Transcript']; local TranscriptURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('TranscriptURL'); -- get name of parameter that holds TranscriptURL if utilities.is_set (Transcript) then if utilities.is_set (TranscriptURL) then Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, Transcript, TranscriptURL_origin, nil ); end Transcript = sepc .. ' ' .. Transcript .. TranscriptFormat; elseif utilities.is_set (TranscriptURL) then Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, nil, TranscriptURL_origin, nil ); end local Publisher; if utilities.is_set (PublicationDate) then PublicationDate = wrap_msg ('published', PublicationDate); end if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. ": " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate; else Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate; end elseif utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then Publisher= sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. PublicationDate; else Publisher = PublicationDate; end -- Several of the above rely upon detecting this as nil, so do it last. if (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) or utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical)) then if utilities.is_set (Title) or utilities.is_set (TitleNote) then Periodical = sepc .. " " .. format_periodical (ScriptPeriodical, ScriptPeriodical_origin, Periodical, TransPeriodical, TransPeriodical_origin); else Periodical = format_periodical (ScriptPeriodical, ScriptPeriodical_origin, Periodical, TransPeriodical, TransPeriodical_origin); end end local Language = A['Language']; if utilities.is_set (Language) then Language = language_parameter (Language); -- format, categories, name from ISO639-1, etc. else Language=''; -- language not specified so make sure this is an empty string; --[[ TODO: need to extract the wrap_msg from language_parameter so that we can solve parentheses bunching problem with Format/Language/TitleType ]] end --[[ Handle the oddity that is cite speech. This code overrides whatever may be the value assigned to TitleNote (through |department=) and forces it to be " (Speech)" so that the annotation directly follows the |title= parameter value in the citation rather than the |event= parameter value (if provided). ]] if "speech" == config.CitationClass then -- cite speech only TitleNote = TitleType; -- move TitleType to TitleNote so that it renders ahead of |event= TitleType = ''; -- and unset if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then -- if Periodical, perhaps because of an included |website= or |journal= parameter if utilities.is_set (Conference) then -- and if |event= is set Conference = Conference .. sepc .. " "; -- then add appropriate punctuation to the end of the Conference variable before rendering end end end -- Piece all bits together at last. Here, all should be non-nil. -- We build things this way because it is more efficient in LUA -- not to keep reassigning to the same string variable over and over. local tcommon; local tcommon2; -- used for book cite when |contributor= is set local pgtext = Position .. Sheet .. Sheets .. Page .. Pages .. At; if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {"book", "citation"}) and not utilities.is_set (Periodical) then -- special cases for book cites if utilities.is_set (Contributors) then -- when we are citing foreword, preface, introduction, etc. tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote}, sepc); -- author and other stuff will come after this and before tcommon2 tcommon2 = safe_join ({TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher}, sepc); else tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher}, sepc); end elseif 'map' == config.CitationClass then -- special cases for cite map if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then -- map in a book; TitleType is part of Chapter tcommon = safe_join ({Title, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc); elseif utilities.is_set (Periodical) then -- map in a periodical tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleType, Periodical, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc); else -- a sheet or stand-alone map tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleType, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher}, sepc); end elseif 'episode' == config.CitationClass then -- special case for cite episode tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote, TitleType, Series, Language, Edition, Publisher}, sepc); else -- all other CS1 templates tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc); end if #ID_list_t > 0 then ID_list_t = safe_join( { sepc .. " ", table.concat( ID_list_t, sepc .. " " ), ID }, sepc ); else ID_list_t = ID; end local Via = A['Via']; Via = utilities.is_set (Via) and wrap_msg ('via', Via) or ''; local idcommon; if 'audio-visual' == config.CitationClass or 'episode' == config.CitationClass then -- special case for cite AV media & cite episode position transcript idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list_t, URL, Archived, Transcript, AccessDate, Via, Quote }, sepc ); else idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list_t, URL, Archived, AccessDate, Via, Quote }, sepc ); end local text; -- local pgtext = Position .. Sheet .. Sheets .. Page .. Pages .. At; local OrigDate = A['OrigDate']; OrigDate = utilities.is_set (OrigDate) and wrap_msg ('origdate', OrigDate) or ''; if utilities.is_set (Date) then if utilities.is_set (Authors) or utilities.is_set (Editors) then -- date follows authors or editors when authors not set Date = " (" .. Date .. ")" .. OrigDate .. sepc .. " "; -- in parentheses else -- neither of authors and editors set if (string.sub(tcommon, -1, -1) == sepc) then -- if the last character of tcommon is sepc Date = " " .. Date .. OrigDate; -- Date does not begin with sepc else Date = sepc .. " " .. Date .. OrigDate; -- Date begins with sepc end end end if utilities.is_set (Authors) then if (not utilities.is_set (Date)) then -- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Authors termination Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc); -- when no date, terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space end if utilities.is_set (Editors) then local in_text = ''; local post_text; if utilities.is_set (Chapter) and 0 == #c then in_text = cfg.messages['in'] .. ' '; in_text = cs2_lower(in_text); -- lowercase for cs2 end if EditorCount <= 1 then post_text = ' (' .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. ')'; -- be consistent with no-author, no-date case else post_text = ' (' .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. ')'; end Editors = terminate_name_list (in_text .. Editors .. post_text, sepc); -- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space end if utilities.is_set (Contributors) then -- book cite and we're citing the intro, preface, etc. local by_text = sepc .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['by'] .. ' '; by_text = cs2_lower(by_text); -- lowercase for cs2 Authors = by_text .. Authors; -- author follows title so tweak it here if utilities.is_set (Editors) and utilities.is_set (Date) then -- when Editors make sure that Authors gets terminated Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc); -- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space end if (not utilities.is_set (Date)) then -- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Contributors termination Contributors = terminate_name_list (Contributors, sepc); -- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space end text = safe_join( {Contributors, Date, Chapter, tcommon, Authors, Place, Editors, tcommon2, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc ); else text = safe_join( {Authors, Date, Chapter, Place, Editors, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc ); end elseif utilities.is_set (Editors) then if utilities.is_set (Date) then if EditorCount <= 1 then Editors = Editors .. cfg.presentation['sep_name'] .. cfg.messages['editor']; else Editors = Editors .. cfg.presentation['sep_name'] .. cfg.messages['editors']; end else if EditorCount <= 1 then Editors = Editors .. " (" .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. ")" .. sepc .. " " else Editors = Editors .. " (" .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. ")" .. sepc .. " " end end text = safe_join( {Editors, Date, Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc ); else if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {"journal", "citation"}) and utilities.is_set (Periodical) then text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, Date, idcommon}, sepc ); else text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, Date, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc ); end end if utilities.is_set (PostScript) and PostScript ~= sepc then text = safe_join( {text, sepc}, sepc ); -- Deals with italics, spaces, etc. if '.' == sepc then -- remove final seperator if present text = text:gsub ('%' .. sepc .. '$', ''); -- dot must be escaped here else text = mw.ustring.gsub (text, sepc .. '$', ''); -- using ustring for non-dot sepc (likely a non-Latin character) end end text = safe_join( {text, PostScript}, sepc ); -- Now enclose the whole thing in a <cite> element local options_t = {}; options_t.class = cite_class_attribute_make (config.CitationClass, Mode); local Ref = is_valid_parameter_value (A['Ref'], A:ORIGIN('Ref'), cfg.keywords_lists['ref'], nil, true); -- nil when |ref=harv; A['Ref'] else if 'none' ~= cfg.keywords_xlate[(Ref and Ref:lower()) or ''] then local namelist_t = {}; -- holds selected contributor, author, editor name list local year = first_set ({Year, anchor_year}, 2); -- Year first for legacy citations and for YMD dates that require disambiguation if #c > 0 then -- if there is a contributor list namelist_t = c; -- select it elseif #a > 0 then -- or an author list namelist_t = a; elseif #e > 0 then -- or an editor list namelist_t = e; end local citeref_id; if #namelist_t > 0 then -- if there are names in namelist_t citeref_id = make_citeref_id (namelist_t, year); -- go make the CITEREF anchor if mw.uri.anchorEncode (citeref_id) == ((Ref and mw.uri.anchorEncode (Ref)) or '') then -- Ref may already be encoded (by {{sfnref}}) so citeref_id must be encoded before comparison utilities.set_message ('maint_ref_duplicates_default'); end else citeref_id = ''; -- unset end options_t.id = Ref or citeref_id; end if string.len (text:gsub('%b<>', '')) <= 2 then -- remove html and html-like tags; then get length of what remains; z.error_cats_t = {}; -- blank the categories list z.error_msgs_t = {}; -- blank the error messages list OCinSoutput = nil; -- blank the metadata string text = ''; -- blank the the citation utilities.set_message ('err_empty_citation'); -- set empty citation message and category end local render_t = {}; -- here we collect the final bits for concatenation into the rendered citation if is_preview_mode and (0 ~= #z.error_msgs_t or 0 ~= #z.maint_cats_t) then -- when in preview mode if not utilities.is_set (options_t.id) then -- and when this template has not created an anchor ID math.randomseed (tonumber (mw.getLanguage ('en'):formatDate ('U')) * 10000 + os.clock() * 10000); options_t.id = 'CITEREF_temp_preview_id_' .. math.random (100000, 999999); -- create temporary anchor ID for preview mode end end if utilities.is_set (options_t.id) then -- here we wrap the rendered citation in <cite ...>...</cite> tags options_t.id = mw.uri.anchorEncode(options_t.id); -- do this here; also used when adding preview warning messages table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['cite-id'], {options_t.id, mw.text.nowiki(options_t.class), text})); -- when |ref= is set or when there is a namelist else table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['cite'], {mw.text.nowiki(options_t.class), text})); -- when |ref=none or when namelist_t empty and |ref= is missing or is empty end if OCinSoutput then -- blanked when citation is 'empty' so don't bother to add boilerplate metadata span table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['ocins'], OCinSoutput)); -- format and append metadata to the citation end local template_name = cfg.citation_class_map_t[config.CitationClass]; local template_link = '[[Template:' .. template_name .. '|' .. template_name .. ']]'; local msg_prefix = '<code class="cs1-code">{{' .. template_link .. '}}</code>: '; if 0 ~= #z.error_msgs_t then mw.addWarning (utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.warning_msg_e, {template_link, options_t.id})); table.insert (render_t, ' '); -- insert a space between citation and its error messages table.sort (z.error_msgs_t); -- sort the error messages list; sorting includes wrapping <span> and <code> tags; hidden-error sorts ahead of visible-error local hidden = true; -- presume that the only error messages emited by this template are hidden for _, v in ipairs (z.error_msgs_t) do -- spin through the list of error messages if v:find ('cs1-visible-error', 1, true) then -- look for the visible error class name hidden = false; -- found one; so don't hide the error message prefix break; -- and done because no need to look further end end z.error_msgs_t[1] = table.concat ({utilities.error_comment (msg_prefix, hidden), z.error_msgs_t[1]}); -- add error message prefix to first error message to prevent extraneous punctuation table.insert (render_t, table.concat (z.error_msgs_t, '; ')); -- make a big string of error messages and add it to the rendering end if 0 ~= #z.maint_cats_t then mw.addWarning (utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.warning_msg_m, {template_link, options_t.id})); table.sort (z.maint_cats_t); -- sort the maintenance messages list local maint_msgs_t = {}; -- here we collect all of the maint messages if 0 == #z.error_msgs_t then -- if no error messages table.insert (maint_msgs_t, msg_prefix); -- insert message prefix in maint message livery end for _, v in ipairs( z.maint_cats_t ) do -- append maintenance categories table.insert (maint_msgs_t, -- assemble new maint message and add it to the maint_msgs_t table table.concat ({v, ' (', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[':cat wikilink'], v), ')'}) ); end table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['hidden-maint'], table.concat (maint_msgs_t, ' '))); -- wrap the group of maint messages with proper presentation and save end if not no_tracking_cats then local sort_key; local cat_wikilink = 'cat wikilink'; if cfg.enable_sort_keys then -- when namespace sort keys enabled local namespace_number = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace; -- get namespace number for this wikitext sort_key = (0 ~= namespace_number and (cfg.name_space_sort_keys[namespace_number] or cfg.name_space_sort_keys.other)) or nil; -- get sort key character; nil for mainspace cat_wikilink = (not sort_key and 'cat wikilink') or 'cat wikilink sk'; -- make <cfg.messages> key end for _, v in ipairs (z.error_cats_t) do -- append error categories table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[cat_wikilink], {v, sort_key})); end if cfg.id_limits_data_load_fail then -- boolean true when load failed utilities.set_message ('maint_id_limit_load_fail'); -- done here because this maint cat emits no message end for _, v in ipairs (z.maint_cats_t) do -- append maintenance categories table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[cat_wikilink], {v, sort_key})); end for _, v in ipairs (z.prop_cats_t) do -- append properties categories table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['cat wikilink'], v)); -- no sort keys end end return table.concat (render_t); -- make a big string and done end --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E >-------------------------------------------------------------- Looks for a parameter's name in one of several whitelists. Parameters in the whitelist can have three values: true - active, supported parameters false - deprecated, supported parameters nil - unsupported parameters ]] local function validate (name, cite_class, empty) local enum_name; -- parameter name with enumerator (if any) replaced with '#' local state; local function state_test () -- local function to do testing of state values; operates on the upvalues <state> and <name> if true == state then return true; end -- valid actively supported parameter if false == state then if empty then return nil; end -- empty deprecated parameters are treated as unknowns deprecated_parameter (name); -- parameter is deprecated but still supported return true; end if 'tracked' == state then local base_name = name:gsub ('%d', ''); -- strip enumerators from parameter names that have them to get the base name utilities.add_prop_cat ('tracked-param', {base_name}, base_name); -- add a properties category; <base_name> modifies <key> return true; end return nil; end if 'string' ~= type (name) or name:find ('#') then -- # is a cs1|2 reserved character so parameters with # not permitted; positional params are 'number' type; not supported return nil; end -- replace enumerator digit(s) with # (|last25= becomes |last#=) (mw.ustring because non-Western 'local' digits) enum_name = mw.ustring.gsub (name, '%d+$', '#'); -- where enumerator is last charaters in parameter name (these to protect |s2cid=) enum_name = mw.ustring.gsub (enum_name, '%d+([%-l])', '#%1'); -- where enumerator is in the middle of the parameter name; |author#link= is the oddity if 'document' == cite_class then -- special case for {{cite document}} state = whitelist.document_parameters_t[enum_name]; -- this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters if true == state_test () then return true; end return false; end if utilities.in_array (cite_class, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then -- limited parameter sets allowed for these templates state = whitelist.limited_parameters_t[enum_name]; -- this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters if true == state_test () then return true; end state = whitelist.preprint_arguments_t[cite_class][name]; -- look in the parameter-list for the template identified by cite_class if true == state_test () then return true; end return false; -- not supported because not found or name is set to nil end -- end limited parameter-set templates if utilities.in_array (cite_class, whitelist.unique_param_template_list_t) then -- template-specific parameters for templates that accept parameters from the basic argument list state = whitelist.unique_arguments_t[cite_class][name]; -- look in the template-specific parameter-lists for the template identified by cite_class if true == state_test () then return true; end end -- if here, fall into general validation state = whitelist.common_parameters_t[enum_name]; -- all other templates; all normal parameters allowed; this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters if true == state_test () then return true; end return false; -- not supported because not found or name is set to nil end --[=[-------------------------< I N T E R _ W I K I _ C H E C K >---------------------------------------------- check <value> for inter-language interwiki-link markup. <prefix> must be a MediaWiki-recognized language code. when these values have the form (without leading colon): [[<prefix>:link|label]] return label as plain-text [[<prefix>:link]] return <prefix>:link as plain-text return value as is else ]=] local function inter_wiki_check (parameter, value) local prefix = value:match ('%[%[(%a+):'); -- get an interwiki prefix if one exists local _; if prefix and cfg.inter_wiki_map[prefix:lower()] then -- if prefix is in the map, needs preceding colon so utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', parameter); -- emit an error message _, value, _ = utilities.is_wikilink (value); -- extract label portion from wikilink end return value; end --[[--------------------------< M I S S I N G _ P I P E _ C H E C K >------------------------------------------ Look at the contents of a parameter. If the content has a string of characters and digits followed by an equal sign, compare the alphanumeric string to the list of cs1|2 parameters. If found, then the string is possibly a parameter that is missing its pipe. There are two tests made: {{cite ... |title=Title access-date=2016-03-17}} -- the first parameter has a value and whitespace separates that value from the missing pipe parameter name {{cite ... |title=access-date=2016-03-17}} -- the first parameter has no value (whitespace after the first = is trimmed by MediaWiki) cs1|2 shares some parameter names with XML/HTML attributes: class=, title=, etc. To prevent false positives XML/HTML tags are removed before the search. If a missing pipe is detected, this function adds the missing pipe maintenance category. ]] local function missing_pipe_check (parameter, value) local capture; value = value:gsub ('%b<>', ''); -- remove XML/HTML tags because attributes: class=, title=, etc. capture = value:match ('%s+(%a[%w%-]+)%s*=') or value:match ('^(%a[%w%-]+)%s*='); -- find and categorize parameters with possible missing pipes if capture and validate (capture) then -- if the capture is a valid parameter name utilities.set_message ('err_missing_pipe', parameter); end end --[[--------------------------< H A S _ E X T R A N E O U S _ P U N C T >-------------------------------------- look for extraneous terminal punctuation in most parameter values; parameters listed in skip table are not checked ]] local function has_extraneous_punc (param, value) if 'number' == type (param) then return; end param = param:gsub ('%d+', '#'); -- enumerated name-list mask params allow terminal punct; normalize if cfg.punct_skip[param] then return; -- parameter name found in the skip table so done end if value:match ('[,;:]$') then utilities.set_message ('maint_extra_punct'); -- has extraneous punctuation; add maint cat end if value:match ('^=') then -- sometimes an extraneous '=' character appears ... utilities.set_message ('maint_extra_punct'); -- has extraneous punctuation; add maint cat end end --[[--------------------------< H A S _ T W L _ U R L >-------------------------------------------------------- look for The Wikipedia Library urls in url-holding parameters. TWL urls are accessible only for readers who are active extended confirmed Wikipedia editors. This function sets an error message when such urls are discovered and when appropriate, sets the |<param>-url-access=subscription. returns nothing. looks for: '.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org' ]] local function has_twl_url (url_params_t, cite_args_t) local url_error_t = {}; -- sequence of url-holding parameters that have a TWL url for param, value in pairs (url_params_t) do if value:find ('%.wikipedialibrary%.idm%.oclc%.org') then -- has the TWL base url? table.insert (url_error_t, param); -- add parameter name to the error list end end if 0 ~= #url_error_t then -- non-zero when there are errors table.sort (url_error_t); -- sor for error messaging for i, param in ipairs (url_error_t) do if cfg.url_access_map_t[param] then -- if <param> has a matching -access parameter cite_args_t[cfg.url_access_map_t[param]] = cfg.keywords_xlate.subscription; -- set |<param>-url-access=subscription end url_error_t[i] = utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', param); -- make the parameter pretty for error message end utilities.set_message ('err_param_has_twl_url', {utilities.make_sep_list (#url_error_t, url_error_t)}); -- add this error message end end --[[--------------------------< M I S C _ U R L _ D E T E C T >------------------------------------------------ look for miscellaneous urls that might be converted to, or are duplicates of, identifiers. ]] local misc_url_patterns_t = { 'idm%.oclc%.org', -- but not wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org; has_twl_url() 'https?://citeseerx?%.ist%.psu%.edu/', -- simplified so we catch all citeseer and citeseerx urls except ~/document/... (the 'new' form) } local ignore_patterns_t = { 'wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org', -- handled by has_twl_url() 'https?://citeseerx?%.ist%.psu%.edu/document', -- 'new'-form citeseerx urls that mostly work; ignore for now } local function misc_url_detect (url_params_t) local ignore_flag = false; for _, value in pairs (url_params_t) do for _, ignore_pattern in ipairs (ignore_patterns_t) do if value:find (ignore_pattern) then -- matches this ignore_pattern? ignore_flag = true; -- found a pattern to ignore break; -- end end if not ignore_flag then -- if ignore_flag is set then don't bother to test this url <value> for _, misc_pattern in ipairs (misc_url_patterns_t) do if value:find (misc_pattern) then -- matches this misc_pattern? utilities.set_message ('maint_misc_url'); -- found one; set the message return; -- and done; no need to test other <value>s end end end ignore_flag = false; -- reset end end --[[--------------------------< H A S _ E X T R A N E O U S _ U R L >------------------------------------------ look for extraneous url parameter values; parameters listed in skip table are not checked ]] local function has_extraneous_url (non_url_param_t) local url_error_t = {}; check_for_url (non_url_param_t, url_error_t); -- extraneous url check if 0 ~= #url_error_t then -- non-zero when there are errors table.sort (url_error_t); utilities.set_message ('err_param_has_ext_link', {utilities.make_sep_list (#url_error_t, url_error_t)}); -- add this error message end end --[[--------------------------< _ C I T A T I O N >------------------------------------------------------------ Module entry point frame – from template call (citation()); may be nil when called from another module args_t – table of all cs1|2 parameters in the template (the parent frame) config_t – table of template-supplied parameter (the #invoke frame) ]] local function _citation (frame, args_t, config_t) -- save a copy in case we need to display an error message in preview mode if not frame then frame = mw.getCurrentFrame(); -- if called from another module, get a frame for frame-provided functions end -- i18n: set the name that your wiki uses to identify sandbox subpages from sandbox template invoke (or can be set here) local sandbox = ((config_t.SandboxPath and '' ~= config_t.SandboxPath) and config_t.SandboxPath) or '/sandbox'; -- sandbox path from {{#invoke:Citation/CS1/sandbox|citation|SandboxPath=/...}} is_sandbox = nil ~= string.find (frame:getTitle(), sandbox, 1, true); -- is this invoke the sandbox module? sandbox = is_sandbox and sandbox or ''; -- use i18n sandbox to load sandbox modules when this module is the sandox; live modules else cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration' .. sandbox); -- load sandbox versions of support modules when {{#invoke:Citation/CS1/sandbox|...}}; live modules else whitelist = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist' .. sandbox); utilities = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities' .. sandbox); validation = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation' .. sandbox); identifiers = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers' .. sandbox); metadata = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/COinS' .. sandbox); utilities.set_selected_modules (cfg); -- so that functions in Utilities can see the selected cfg tables identifiers.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities); -- so that functions in Identifiers can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module validation.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities); -- so that functions in Date validataion can see selected cfg tables and the selected Utilities module metadata.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities); -- so that functions in COinS can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module z = utilities.z; -- table of error and category tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities local cite_args_t = {}; -- because args_t is the parent (template) frame args (which cannot be modified); params and their values will be placed here is_preview_mode = not utilities.is_set (frame:preprocess ('{{REVISIONID}}')); local suggestions = {}; -- table where we store suggestions if we need to loadData them local error_text; -- used as a flag local capture; -- the single supported capture when matching unknown parameters using patterns local empty_unknowns = {}; -- sequence table to hold empty unknown params for error message listing for k, v in pairs (args_t) do -- get parameters from the parent (template) frame v = mw.ustring.gsub (v, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1'); -- trim leading/trailing whitespace; when v is only whitespace, becomes empty string if v ~= '' then if cfg.enum_needs_xlation and 'string' == type (k) then -- for wikis that set date_names['local_digits'] to non-western digits k = mw.ustring.gsub (k, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits); -- translate 'local' digits enumerators to Western 0-9 end if not validate( k, config_t.CitationClass ) then if type (k) ~= 'string' then -- exclude empty numbered parameters if v:match("%S+") ~= nil then error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_text_ignored', {v}); end elseif validate (k:lower(), config_t.CitationClass) then error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, k:lower()}); -- suggest the lowercase version of the parameter else if nil == suggestions.suggestions then -- if this table is nil then we need to load it suggestions = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' .. sandbox); --load sandbox version of suggestion module when {{#invoke:Citation/CS1/sandbox|...}}; live module else end for pattern, param in pairs (suggestions.patterns) do -- loop through the patterns to see if we can suggest a proper parameter capture = k:match (pattern); -- the whole match if no capture in pattern else the capture if a match if capture then -- if the pattern matches param = utilities.substitute (param, capture); -- add the capture to the suggested parameter (typically the enumerator) if validate (param, config_t.CitationClass) then -- validate the suggestion to make sure that the suggestion is supported by this template (necessary for limited parameter lists) error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, param}); -- set the suggestion error message else error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {k}); -- suggested param not supported by this template v = ''; -- unset end end end if not utilities.is_set (error_text) then -- couldn't match with a pattern, is there an explicit suggestion? if (suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ] ~= nil) and validate (suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ], config_t.CitationClass) then utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ]}); else utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {k}); v = ''; -- unset value assigned to unrecognized parameters (this for the limited parameter lists) end end end end cite_args_t[k] = v; -- save this parameter and its value elseif not utilities.is_set (v) then -- for empty parameters if not validate (k, config_t.CitationClass, true) then -- is this empty parameter a valid parameter k = ('' == k) and cfg.err_msg_supl.empty_str or k; -- when k is empty string (or was space(s) trimmed to empty string), replace with descriptive text table.insert (empty_unknowns, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', k)); -- format for error message and add to the list end end end if 0 ~= #empty_unknowns then -- create empty unknown error message utilities.set_message ('err_param_unknown_empty', { 1 == #empty_unknowns and '' or 's', utilities.make_sep_list (#empty_unknowns, empty_unknowns) }); end local non_url_param_t = {}; -- table of parameters and values that are not url-holding parameters local url_param_t = {}; -- table of url-holding paramters and their values for k, v in pairs (cite_args_t) do if 'string' == type (k) then -- don't evaluate positional parameters has_invisible_chars (k, v); -- look for invisible characters end has_extraneous_punc (k, v); -- look for extraneous terminal punctuation in parameter values missing_pipe_check (k, v); -- do we think that there is a parameter that is missing a pipe? cite_args_t[k] = inter_wiki_check (k, v); -- when language interwiki-linked parameter missing leading colon replace with wiki-link label if 'string' == type (k) then -- when parameter k is not positional if not cfg.url_skip[k] then -- and not in url skip table non_url_param_t[k] = v; -- make a parameter/value list for extraneous url check else -- and is in url skip table (a url-holding parameter) url_param_t[k] = v; -- make a parameter/value list to check for values that are The Wikipedia Library url end end end if cfg.suppress_archive_today_urls then has_archive_today_url (cite_args_t); -- look for and suppress archive.today urls and dependent parameters for all templates end has_extraneous_url (non_url_param_t); -- look for url in parameter values where a url does not belong has_twl_url (url_param_t, cite_args_t); -- look for url-holding parameters that hold a The Wikipedia Library url misc_url_detect (url_param_t); -- look for url-holding parameters that hold certain miscellaneous urls return table.concat ({ frame:extensionTag ('templatestyles', '', {src='Module:Citation/CS1' .. sandbox .. '/styles.css'}), citation0 (config_t, cite_args_t) }); end --[[--------------------------< C I T A T I O N >-------------------------------------------------------------- Template entry point ]] local function citation (frame) local config_t = {}; -- table to store parameters from the module {{#invoke:}} local args_t = frame:getParent().args; -- get template's preset parameters for k, v in pairs (frame.args) do -- get parameters from the {{#invoke}} frame config_t[k] = v; -- args_t[k] = v; -- crude debug support that allows us to render a citation from module {{#invoke:}}; skips parameter validation; TODO: keep? end return _citation (frame, args_t, config_t) end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------ ]] return { citation = citation, -- template entry point _citation = _citation, -- module entry point } mzkfjlhyhvftcb93lj0ik7zu7t1myhw 366683 366682 2026-08-23T13:30:11Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Module:Citation/CS1]] 366682 Scribunto text/plain require ('strict'); --[[--------------------------< F O R W A R D D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------------- each of these counts against the Lua upvalue limit ]] local validation; -- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation local utilities; -- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities local z = {}; -- table of tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities local identifiers; -- functions and tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers local metadata; -- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/COinS local cfg = {}; -- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration local whitelist = {}; -- table of tables listing valid template parameter names; defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist --[[------------------< P A G E S C O P E V A R I A B L E S >--------------- declare variables here that have page-wide scope that are not brought in from other modules; that are created here and used here ]] local added_deprecated_cat; -- boolean flag so that the category is added only once local added_vanc_errs; -- boolean flag so we only emit one Vancouver error / category local added_generic_name_errs; -- boolean flag so we only emit one generic name error / category and stop testing names once an error is encountered local added_numeric_name_errs; -- boolean flag so we only emit one numeric name error / category and stop testing names once an error is encountered local added_numeric_name_maint; -- boolean flag so we only emit one numeric name maint category and stop testing names once a category has been emitted local is_preview_mode; -- true when article is in preview mode; false when using 'Preview page with this template' (previewing the module) local is_sandbox; -- true when using sandbox modules to render citation local url_was_archive_today; -- boolean flag set to true when has_archive_today_url() has unset |url= because it held a deprecated archive.today url --[[--------------------------< F I R S T _ S E T >------------------------------------------------------------ Locates and returns the first set value in a table of values where the order established in the table, left-to-right (or top-to-bottom), is the order in which the values are evaluated. Returns nil if none are set. This version replaces the original 'for _, val in pairs do' and a similar version that used ipairs. With the pairs version the order of evaluation could not be guaranteed. With the ipairs version, a nil value would terminate the for-loop before it reached the actual end of the list. ]] local function first_set (list, count) local i = 1; while i <= count do -- loop through all items in list if utilities.is_set( list[i] ) then return list[i]; -- return the first set list member end i = i + 1; -- point to next end end --[[--------------------------< A D D _ V A N C _ E R R O R >---------------------------------------------------- Adds a single Vancouver system error message to the template's output regardless of how many error actually exist. To prevent duplication, added_vanc_errs is nil until an error message is emitted. added_vanc_errs is a Boolean declared in page scope variables above ]] local function add_vanc_error (source, position) if added_vanc_errs then return end added_vanc_errs = true; -- note that we've added this category utilities.set_message ('err_vancouver', {source, position}); end --[[--------------------------< I S _ S C H E M E >------------------------------------------------------------ does this thing that purports to be a URI scheme seem to be a valid scheme? The scheme is checked to see if it is in agreement with http://tools.ietf.org/html/std66#section-3.1 which says: Scheme names consist of a sequence of characters beginning with a letter and followed by any combination of letters, digits, plus ("+"), period ("."), or hyphen ("-"). returns true if it does, else false ]] local function is_scheme (scheme) return scheme and scheme:match ('^%a[%a%d%+%.%-]*:'); -- true if scheme is set and matches the pattern end --[=[-------------------------< I S _ D O M A I N _ N A M E >-------------------------------------------------- Does this thing that purports to be a domain name seem to be a valid domain name? Syntax defined here: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1034#section-3.5 BNF defined here: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4234 Single character names are generally reserved; see https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-dnsind-iana-dns-01#page-15; see also [[Single-letter second-level domain]] list of TLDs: https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db RFC 952 (modified by RFC 1123) requires the first and last character of a hostname to be a letter or a digit (see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc952 §GRAMMATICAL HOST TABLE SPECIFICATION §§B. Lexical grammar <name>; see http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1123#section-2). Between the first and last characters the name may use letters, digits, and the hyphen. Also allowed are IPv4 addresses. IPv6 not supported domain is expected to be stripped of any path so that the last character in the last character of the TLD. tld is two or more alpha characters. Any preceding '//' (from splitting a URL with a scheme) will be stripped here. Perhaps not necessary but retained in case it is necessary for IPv4 dot decimal. There are several tests: the first character of the whole domain name including subdomains must be a letter or a digit internationalized domain name (ASCII characters with .xn-- ASCII Compatible Encoding (ACE) prefix xn-- in the TLD) see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3490 single-letter/digit second-level domains in the .org, .cash, and .today TLDs q, x, and z SL domains in the .com TLD i and q SL domains in the .net TLD single-letter SL domains in the ccTLDs (where the ccTLD is two letters) two-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters) three-plus-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters) IPv4 dot-decimal address format; TLD not allowed returns true if domain appears to be a proper name and TLD or IPv4 address, else false ]=] local function is_domain_name (domain) if not domain then return false; -- if not set, abandon end domain = domain:gsub ('^//', ''); -- strip '//' from domain name if present; done here so we only have to do it once local sl_domain = domain:match ('[^%.]+') or domain; -- test the second level domain name if not (sl_domain:match ('^%w') and sl_domain:match ('%w$') and -- first and last characters must be letter or digit sl_domain:match ('^[%w%-]+$')) then -- all other characters must be letters, digits, or hyphen-minus return false; end if domain:match ('^%a+:') then -- hack to detect things that look like s:Page:Title where Page: is namespace at Wikisource return false; end local patterns = { -- patterns that look like URLs '%f[%w][%w][%w%-]+[%w]%.%a%a+$', -- three or more character hostname.hostname or hostname.tld '%f[%w][%w][%w%-]+[%w]%.xn%-%-[%w]+$', -- internationalized domain name with ACE prefix '%f[%a][qxz]%.com$', -- assigned one character .com hostname (x.com times out 2015-12-10) '%f[%a][iq]%.net$', -- assigned one character .net hostname (q.net registered but not active 2015-12-10) '%f[%w][%w]%.%a%a$', -- one character hostname and ccTLD (2 chars) '%f[%w][%w][%w]%.%a%a+$', -- two character hostname and TLD '^%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?', -- IPv4 address '[%a%d]+%:?' -- IPv6 address } for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do -- loop through the patterns list if domain:match (pattern) then return true; -- if a match then we think that this thing that purports to be a URL is a URL end end for _, d in ipairs (cfg.single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t) do -- look for single letter second level domain names for these top level domains if domain:match ('%f[%w][%w]%.' .. d) then return true end end return false; -- no matches, we don't know what this thing is end --[[--------------------------< I S _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------------------ returns true if the scheme and domain parts of a URL appear to be a valid URL; else false. This function is the last step in the validation process. This function is separate because there are cases that are not covered by split_url(), for example is_parameter_ext_wikilink() which is looking for bracketted external wikilinks. ]] local function is_url (scheme, domain) if utilities.is_set (scheme) then -- if scheme is set check it and domain return is_scheme (scheme) and is_domain_name (domain); else return is_domain_name (domain); -- scheme not set when URL is protocol-relative end end --[[--------------------------< S P L I T _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------------ Split a URL into a scheme, authority indicator, and domain. First remove Fully Qualified Domain Name terminator (a dot following TLD) (if any) and any path(/), query(?) or fragment(#). If protocol-relative URL, return nil scheme and domain else return nil for both scheme and domain. When not protocol-relative, get scheme, authority indicator, and domain. If there is an authority indicator (one or more '/' characters immediately following the scheme's colon), make sure that there are only 2. Any URL that does not have news: scheme must have authority indicator (//). TODO: are there other common schemes like news: that don't use authority indicator? Strip off any port and path; ]] local function split_url (url_str) local scheme, authority, domain; url_str = url_str:gsub ('([%a%d])%.?[/%?#].*$', '%1'); -- strip FQDN terminator and path(/), query(?), fragment (#) (the capture prevents false replacement of '//') if url_str:match ('^//%S*') then -- if there is what appears to be a protocol-relative URL domain = url_str:match ('^//(%S*)') elseif url_str:match ('%S-:/*%S+') then -- if there is what appears to be a scheme, optional authority indicator, and domain name scheme, authority, domain = url_str:match ('(%S-:)(/*)(%S+)'); -- extract the scheme, authority indicator, and domain portions if utilities.is_set (authority) then authority = authority:gsub ('//', '', 1); -- replace place 1 pair of '/' with nothing; if utilities.is_set(authority) then -- if anything left (1 or 3+ '/' where authority should be) then return scheme; -- return scheme only making domain nil which will cause an error message end else if not scheme:match ('^news:') then -- except for news:..., MediaWiki won't link URLs that do not have authority indicator; TODO: a better way to do this test? return scheme; -- return scheme only making domain nil which will cause an error message end end domain = domain:gsub ('(%a):%d+', '%1'); -- strip port number if present end return scheme, domain; end --[[--------------------------< L I N K _ P A R A M _ O K >--------------------------------------------------- checks the content of |title-link=, |series-link=, |author-link=, etc. for properly formatted content: no wikilinks, no URLs Link parameters are to hold the title of a Wikipedia article, so none of the WP:TITLESPECIALCHARACTERS are allowed: # < > [ ] | { } _ except the underscore which is used as a space in wiki URLs and # which is used for section links returns false when the value contains any of these characters. When there are no illegal characters, this function returns TRUE if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid URL (the |<param>-link= parameter is ok); else false when value appears to be a valid URL (the |<param>-link= parameter is NOT ok). ]] local function link_param_ok (value) local scheme, domain; if value:find ('[<>%[%]|{}]') then -- if any prohibited characters return false; end scheme, domain = split_url (value); -- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from URL; return not is_url (scheme, domain); -- return true if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid URL end --[[--------------------------< L I N K _ T I T L E _ O K >--------------------------------------------------- Use link_param_ok() to validate |<param>-link= value and its matching |<title>= value. |<title>= may be wiki-linked but not when |<param>-link= has a value. This function emits an error message when that condition exists check <link> for inter-language interwiki-link prefix. prefix must be a MediaWiki-recognized language code and must begin with a colon. ]] local function link_title_ok (link, lorig, title, torig) local orig; if utilities.is_set (link) then -- don't bother if <param>-link doesn't have a value if not link_param_ok (link) then -- check |<param>-link= markup orig = lorig; -- identify the failing link parameter elseif title:find ('%[%[') then -- check |title= for wikilink markup orig = torig; -- identify the failing |title= parameter elseif link:match ('^%a+:') then -- if the link is what looks like an interwiki local prefix = link:match ('^(%a+):'):lower(); -- get the interwiki prefix if cfg.inter_wiki_map[prefix] then -- if prefix is in the map, must have preceding colon orig = lorig; -- flag as error end end end if utilities.is_set (orig) then link = ''; -- unset utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', orig); -- URL or wikilink in |title= with |title-link=; end return link; -- link if ok, empty string else end --[[--------------------------< C H E C K _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------------ Determines whether a URL string appears to be valid. First we test for space characters. If any are found, return false. Then split the URL into scheme and domain portions, or for protocol-relative (//example.com) URLs, just the domain. Use is_url() to validate the two portions of the URL. If both are valid, or for protocol-relative if domain is valid, return true, else false. Because it is different from a standard URL, and because this module used external_link() to make external links that work for standard and news: links, we validate newsgroup names here. The specification for a newsgroup name is at https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5536#section-3.1.4 ]] local function check_url( url_str ) if nil == url_str:match ("^%S+$") then -- if there are any spaces in |url=value it can't be a proper URL return false; end local scheme, domain; scheme, domain = split_url (url_str); -- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from URL; if 'news:' == scheme then -- special case for newsgroups return domain:match('^[%a%d%+%-_]+%.[%a%d%+%-_%.]*[%a%d%+%-_]$'); end return is_url (scheme, domain); -- return true if value appears to be a valid URL end --[=[-------------------------< I S _ P A R A M E T E R _ E X T _ W I K I L I N K >---------------------------- Return true if a parameter value has a string that begins and ends with square brackets [ and ] and the first non-space characters following the opening bracket appear to be a URL. The test will also find external wikilinks that use protocol-relative URLs. Also finds bare URLs. The frontier pattern prevents a match on interwiki-links which are similar to scheme:path URLs. The tests that find bracketed URLs are required because the parameters that call this test (currently |title=, |chapter=, |work=, and |publisher=) may have wikilinks and there are articles or redirects like '//Hus' so, while uncommon, |title=[[//Hus]] is possible as might be [[en://Hus]]. ]=] local function is_parameter_ext_wikilink (value) local scheme, domain; if value:match ('%f[%[]%[%a%S*:%S+.*%]') then -- if ext. wikilink with scheme and domain: [xxxx://yyyyy.zzz] scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(%a%S*:%S+).*%]')); elseif value:match ('%f[%[]%[//%S+.*%]') then -- if protocol-relative ext. wikilink: [//yyyyy.zzz] scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(//%S+).*%]')); elseif value:match ('%a%S*:%S+') then -- if bare URL with scheme; may have leading or trailing plain text scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(%a%S*:%S+)')); elseif value:match ('^//%S+') or value:match ('%s//%S+') then -- if protocol-relative bare URL: //yyyyy.zzz; authority indicator (//) must be be preceded nothing or by whitespace scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(//%S+)')); -- what is left should be the domain else return false; -- didn't find anything that is obviously a URL end return is_url (scheme, domain); -- return true if value appears to be a valid URL end --[[--------------------------< I S _ A R C H I V E _ T O D A Y _ U R L >-------------------------------------- archive.today (and .ph, .is, .md, .li, .fo, .vn) are deprecated. See Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/Archive.is_RFC_5 (Special:Permalink/1339352976) <val> is a string that may or may not be a url ]] local function is_archive_today_url (val) if is_parameter_ext_wikilink (val) then -- is <val> a url? local tld = val:match ('archive%.(%l+)/'); -- get the tld; real archive.today urls have a '/' after the tld return tld and cfg.archive_today_tlds_t[tld]; -- return true if <tld> is one of the archive.today tlds; nil else end end --[[--------------------------< H A S _ A R C H I V E _ T O D A Y _ U R L >------------------------------------ blank any parameter that holds one of the archive.today tlds (.today, .ph, .is, .md, .li, .fo, .vn) and also blank parameters that are dependent on the offending parameter. input <cite_args_t> is a table of all of this template's parameters This function modifies <cite_args_t> when |url= or its alias |URL= hold an archive.today url, this function sets the flag <url_was_archive_today> which is used later to suppress the missing url error message from {{citation}} when it has |website=<summat> or from the templates {{cite web}}, {{cite podcast}}, {{cite mailing list}} which all require a url. returns nothing ]] local function has_archive_today_url (cite_args_t) local unset_params_t = {}; -- to hold a sequence of parameters to unset from cite_args_t for p, v in pairs (cite_args_t) do -- look at each parameter in the template if is_archive_today_url (v:lower()) then -- if it has a parameter with an archive.today url table.insert (unset_params_t, p); -- add the url-holding parameter name to our list of parameters to unset (may or may not be a legitimate url parameter) if 'url' == p:lower() then -- if this parameter is |url= or |URL= url_was_archive_today = true; -- set a flag so that cite web / podcast / mailinglist don't emit a missing url error message end if p:match ('archive%-?url') and ('usurped' == cite_args_t['url-status'] or 'unfit' == cite_args_t['url-status']) then -- if |archive-url=archive.today and |url-status=unfit/usurped url_was_archive_today = true; -- set a flag so that cite web / podcast / mailinglist don't emit a missing url error message table.insert (unset_params_t, 'url'); -- add the url parameter name to our list of parameters to unset (may or may not be a legitimate url parameter) table.insert (unset_params_t, 'URL'); -- this one because both are possible end if cfg.dependencies_t[p] then -- if this url-holding parameter (<p>) has dependencies for _, dependent in ipairs (cfg.dependencies_t[p]) do -- loop through the url-holding parameter's dependency sequence table.insert (unset_params_t, dependent); -- add dependent parameter to the list to be unset end end end end if 0 < #unset_params_t then -- when there are parameters to unset if not is_preview_mode then -- when in preview mode do not suppress any parameters for _, unset_param in ipairs (unset_params_t) do -- loop through the sequence cite_args_t[unset_param] = nil; -- and unset the url-holding parameter and its dependent parameters to avoid parameter-requires-other-parameter errors end end utilities.set_message ('maint_deprecated_archive'); -- add a maintenance message end end --[[-------------------------< C H E C K _ F O R _ U R L >----------------------------------------------------- loop through a list of parameters and their values. Look at the value and if it has an external link, emit an error message. ]] local function check_for_url (parameter_list, error_list) for k, v in pairs (parameter_list) do -- for each parameter in the list if is_parameter_ext_wikilink (v) then -- look at the value; if there is a URL add an error message table.insert (error_list, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', k)); end end end --[[--------------------------< S A F E _ F O R _ U R L >------------------------------------------------------ Escape sequences for content that will be used for URL descriptions ]] local function safe_for_url( str ) if str:match( "%[%[.-%]%]" ) ~= nil then utilities.set_message ('err_wikilink_in_url', {}); end return str:gsub( '[%[%]\n]', { ['['] = '&#91;', [']'] = '&#93;', ['\n'] = ' ' } ); end --[[--------------------------< E X T E R N A L _ L I N K >---------------------------------------------------- Format an external link with error checking ]] local function external_link (URL, label, source, access) local domain; local path; local base_url; if not utilities.is_set (label) then label = URL; if utilities.is_set (source) then utilities.set_message ('err_bare_url_missing_title', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)}); else error (cfg.messages["bare_url_no_origin"]); -- programmer error; valid parameter name does not have matching meta-parameter end end if not check_url (URL) then utilities.set_message ('err_bad_url', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)}); end domain, path = URL:match ('^([/%.%-%+:%a%d]+)([/%?#].*)$'); -- split the URL into scheme plus domain and path if path then -- if there is a path portion path = path:gsub ('[%[%]]', {['['] = '%5b', [']'] = '%5d'}); -- replace '[' and ']' with their percent-encoded values URL = table.concat ({domain, path}); -- and reassemble end base_url = table.concat ({ "[", URL, " ", safe_for_url (label), "]" }); -- assemble a wiki-markup URL if utilities.is_set (access) then -- access level (subscription, registration, limited) base_url = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['ext-link-access-signal'], {cfg.presentation[access].class, cfg.presentation[access].title, base_url}); -- add the appropriate icon end return base_url; end --[[--------------------------< D E P R E C A T E D _ P A R A M E T E R >-------------------------------------- Categorize and emit an error message when the citation contains one or more deprecated parameters. The function includes the offending parameter name to the error message. Only one error message is emitted regardless of the number of deprecated parameters in the citation. added_deprecated_cat is a Boolean declared in page scope variables above ]] local function deprecated_parameter(name) if not added_deprecated_cat then added_deprecated_cat = true; -- note that we've added this category utilities.set_message ('err_deprecated_params', {name}); -- add error message end end --[=[-------------------------< K E R N _ Q U O T E S >-------------------------------------------------------- Apply kerning to open the space between the quote mark provided by the module and a leading or trailing quote mark contained in a |title= or |chapter= parameter's value. This function will positive kern either single or double quotes: "'Unkerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks'" " 'Kerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks' " (in real life the kerning isn't as wide as this example) Double single quotes (italic or bold wiki-markup) are not kerned. Replaces Unicode quote marks in plain text or in the label portion of a [[L|D]] style wikilink with typewriter quote marks regardless of the need for kerning. Unicode quote marks are not replaced in simple [[D]] wikilinks. Call this function for chapter titles, for website titles, etc.; not for book titles. ]=] local function kern_quotes (str) local wl_type, label, link; wl_type, label, link = utilities.is_wikilink (str); -- wl_type is: 0, no wl (text in label variable); 1, [[D]]; 2, [[L|D]] if 1 == wl_type then -- [[D]] simple wikilink with or without quote marks if mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[[\"“”\'‘’].+[\"“”\'‘’]%]%]') then -- leading and trailing quote marks str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], str); str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], str); elseif mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[[\"“”\'‘’].+%]%]') then -- leading quote marks str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], str); elseif mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[.+[\"“”\'‘’]%]%]') then -- trailing quote marks str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], str); end else -- plain text or [[L|D]]; text in label variable label = mw.ustring.gsub (label, '[“”]', '\"'); -- replace “” (U+201C & U+201D) with " (typewriter double quote mark) label = mw.ustring.gsub (label, '[‘’]', '\''); -- replace ‘’ (U+2018 & U+2019) with ' (typewriter single quote mark) local cap = mw.ustring.match (label, "^([\"\'][^\'].+)"); -- match leading double or single quote but not doubled single quotes (italic markup) if utilities.is_set (cap) then label = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], cap); end cap = mw.ustring.match (label, "^(.+[^\'][\"\'])$") -- match trailing double or single quote but not doubled single quotes (italic markup) if utilities.is_set (cap) then label = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], cap); end if 2 == wl_type then str = utilities.make_wikilink (link, label); -- reassemble the wikilink else str = label; end end return str; end --[[--------------------------< F O R M A T _ S C R I P T _ V A L U E >---------------------------------------- |script-title= holds title parameters that are not written in Latin-based scripts: Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Hebrew, etc. These scripts should not be italicized and may be written right-to-left. The value supplied by |script-title= is concatenated onto Title after Title has been wrapped in italic markup. Regardless of language, all values provided by |script-title= are wrapped in <bdi>...</bdi> tags to isolate RTL languages from the English left to right. |script-title= provides a unique feature. The value in |script-title= may be prefixed with a two-character ISO 639-1 language code and a colon: |script-title=ja:*** *** (where * represents a Japanese character) Spaces between the two-character code and the colon and the colon and the first script character are allowed: |script-title=ja : *** *** |script-title=ja: *** *** |script-title=ja :*** *** Spaces preceding the prefix are allowed: |script-title = ja:*** *** The prefix is checked for validity. If it is a valid ISO 639-1 language code, the lang attribute (lang="ja") is added to the <bdi> tag so that browsers can know the language the tag contains. This may help the browser render the script more correctly. If the prefix is invalid, the lang attribute is not added. At this time there is no error message for this condition. Supports |script-title=, |script-chapter=, |script-<periodical>= ]] local function format_script_value (script_value, script_param) local lang=''; -- initialize to empty string local name; if script_value:match('^%l%l%l?%s*:') then -- if first 3 or 4 non-space characters are script language prefix lang = script_value:match('^(%l%l%l?)%s*:%s*%S.*'); -- get the language prefix or nil if there is no script if not utilities.is_set (lang) then utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['missing title part']}); -- prefix without 'title'; add error message return ''; -- script_value was just the prefix so return empty string end -- if we get this far we have prefix and script name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[lang] or mw.language.fetchLanguageName( lang, cfg.this_wiki_code ); -- get language name so that we can use it to categorize if utilities.is_set (name) then -- is prefix a proper ISO 639-1 language code? script_value = script_value:gsub ('^%l+%s*:%s*', ''); -- strip prefix from script -- is prefix one of these language codes? if utilities.in_array (lang, cfg.script_lang_codes) then utilities.add_prop_cat ('script', {name, lang}) else utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['unknown language code']}); -- unknown script-language; add error message end lang = ' lang="' .. lang .. '" '; -- convert prefix into a lang attribute else utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['invalid language code']}); -- invalid language code; add error message lang = ''; -- invalid so set lang to empty string end else utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['missing prefix']}); -- no language code prefix; add error message end script_value = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['bdi'], {lang, script_value}); -- isolate in case script is RTL return script_value; end --[[--------------------------< S C R I P T _ C O N C A T E N A T E >------------------------------------------ Initially for |title= and |script-title=, this function concatenates those two parameter values after the script value has been wrapped in <bdi> tags. ]] local function script_concatenate (title, script, script_param) if utilities.is_set (script) then script = format_script_value (script, script_param); -- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; returns empty string on error if utilities.is_set (script) then title = title .. ' ' .. script; -- concatenate title and script title end end return title; end --[[--------------------------< W R A P _ M S G >-------------------------------------------------------------- Applies additional message text to various parameter values. Supplied string is wrapped using a message_list configuration taking one argument. Supports lower case text for {{citation}} templates. Additional text taken from citation_config.messages - the reason this function is similar to but separate from wrap_style(). ]] local function wrap_msg (key, str, lower) if not utilities.is_set ( str ) then return ""; end if true == lower then local msg; msg = cfg.messages[key]:lower(); -- set the message to lower case before return utilities.substitute ( msg, str ); -- including template text else return utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages[key], str ); end end --[[----------------< W I K I S O U R C E _ U R L _ M A K E >------------------- Makes a Wikisource URL from Wikisource interwiki-link. Returns the URL and appropriate label; nil else. str is the value assigned to |chapter= (or aliases) or |title= or |title-link= ]] local function wikisource_url_make (str) local wl_type, D, L; local ws_url, ws_label; local wikisource_prefix = table.concat ({'https://', cfg.this_wiki_code, '.wikisource.org/wiki/'}); wl_type, D, L = utilities.is_wikilink (str); -- wl_type is 0 (not a wikilink), 1 (simple wikilink), 2 (complex wikilink) if 0 == wl_type then -- not a wikilink; might be from |title-link= str = D:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or D:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)'); -- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace if utilities.is_set (str) then ws_url = table.concat ({ -- build a Wikisource URL wikisource_prefix, -- prefix str, -- article title }); ws_label = str; -- label for the URL end elseif 1 == wl_type then -- simple wikilink: [[Wikisource:ws article]] str = D:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or D:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)'); -- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace if utilities.is_set (str) then ws_url = table.concat ({ -- build a Wikisource URL wikisource_prefix, -- prefix str, -- article title }); ws_label = str; -- label for the URL end elseif 2 == wl_type then -- non-so-simple wikilink: [[Wikisource:ws article|displayed text]] ([[L|D]]) str = L:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or L:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)'); -- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace if utilities.is_set (str) then ws_label = D; -- get ws article name from display portion of interwiki link ws_url = table.concat ({ -- build a Wikisource URL wikisource_prefix, -- prefix str, -- article title without namespace from link portion of wikilink }); end end if ws_url then ws_url = mw.uri.encode (ws_url, 'WIKI'); -- make a usable URL ws_url = ws_url:gsub ('%%23', '#'); -- undo percent-encoding of fragment marker end return ws_url, ws_label, L or D; -- return proper URL or nil and a label or nil end --[[----------------< F O R M A T _ P E R I O D I C A L >----------------------- Format the three periodical parameters: |script-<periodical>=, |<periodical>=, and |trans-<periodical>= into a single Periodical meta-parameter. ]] local function format_periodical (script_periodical, script_periodical_source, periodical, trans_periodical) if not utilities.is_set (periodical) then periodical = ''; -- to be safe for concatenation else periodical = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', periodical); -- style end periodical = script_concatenate (periodical, script_periodical, script_periodical_source); -- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped if utilities.is_set (trans_periodical) then trans_periodical = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-italic-title', trans_periodical); if utilities.is_set (periodical) then periodical = periodical .. ' ' .. trans_periodical; else -- here when trans-periodical without periodical or script-periodical periodical = trans_periodical; utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'periodical'}); end end return periodical; end --[[------------------< F O R M A T _ C H A P T E R _ T I T L E >--------------- Format the four chapter parameters: |script-chapter=, |chapter=, |trans-chapter=, and |chapter-url= into a single chapter meta- parameter (chapter_url_source used for error messages). ]] local function format_chapter_title (script_chapter, script_chapter_source, chapter, trans_chapter, trans_chapter_source, chapter_url, chapter_url_source, no_quotes, access) local ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (chapter); -- make a wikisource URL and label from a wikisource interwiki link if ws_url then ws_label = ws_label:gsub ('_', ' '); -- replace underscore separators with space characters chapter = ws_label; end if not utilities.is_set (chapter) then chapter = ''; -- to be safe for concatenation else if false == no_quotes then chapter = kern_quotes (chapter); -- if necessary, separate chapter title's leading and trailing quote marks from module provided quote marks chapter = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-title', chapter); end end chapter = script_concatenate (chapter, script_chapter, script_chapter_source); -- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped if utilities.is_set (chapter_url) then chapter = external_link (chapter_url, chapter, chapter_url_source, access); -- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate elseif ws_url then chapter = external_link (ws_url, chapter .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in chapter'); -- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate; space char to move icon away from chap text; TODO: better way to do this? chapter = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, chapter}); end if utilities.is_set (trans_chapter) then trans_chapter = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', trans_chapter); if utilities.is_set (chapter) then chapter = chapter .. ' ' .. trans_chapter; else -- here when trans_chapter without chapter or script-chapter chapter = trans_chapter; utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {trans_chapter_source:match ('trans%-?(.+)')}); -- when no chapter, get matching name from trans-<param> end end return chapter; end --[[----------------< H A S _ I N V I S I B L E _ C H A R S >------------------- This function searches a parameter's value for non-printable or invisible characters. The search stops at the first match. This function will detect the visible replacement character when it is part of the Wikisource. Detects but ignores nowiki and math stripmarkers. Also detects other named stripmarkers (gallery, math, pre, ref) and identifies them with a slightly different error message. See also coins_cleanup(). Output of this function is an error message that identifies the character or the Unicode group, or the stripmarker that was detected along with its position (or, for multi-byte characters, the position of its first byte) in the parameter value. ]] local function has_invisible_chars (param, v) local position; -- position of invisible char or starting position of stripmarker local capture; -- used by stripmarker detection to hold name of the stripmarker local stripmarker; -- boolean set true when a stripmarker is found capture = string.match (v, '[%w%p ]*'); -- test for values that are simple ASCII text and bypass other tests if true if capture == v then -- if same there are no Unicode characters return; end for _, invisible_char in ipairs (cfg.invisible_chars) do local char_name = invisible_char[1]; -- the character or group name local pattern = invisible_char[2]; -- the pattern used to find it position, _, capture = mw.ustring.find (v, pattern); -- see if the parameter value contains characters that match the pattern if position and (cfg.invisible_defs.zwj == capture) then -- if we found a zero-width joiner character if mw.ustring.find (v, cfg.indic_script) then -- it's ok if one of the Indic scripts position = nil; -- unset position elseif cfg.emoji_t[mw.ustring.codepoint (v, position+1)] then -- is zwj followed by a character listed in emoji{}? position = nil; -- unset position end end if position then if 'nowiki' == capture or 'math' == capture or -- nowiki and math stripmarkers (not an error condition) ('templatestyles' == capture and utilities.in_array (param, {'id', 'quote'})) then -- templatestyles stripmarker allowed in these parameters stripmarker = true; -- set a flag elseif true == stripmarker and cfg.invisible_defs.del == capture then -- because stripmakers begin and end with the delete char, assume that we've found one end of a stripmarker position = nil; -- unset; for now, ignore linter warning else local err_msg; if capture and not (cfg.invisible_defs.del == capture or cfg.invisible_defs.zwj == capture) then err_msg = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.invisible_1, {capture, char_name}); -- <capture> here is stripmarker name else err_msg = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.invisible_2, char_name); end utilities.set_message ('err_invisible_char', {err_msg, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', param), position}); -- add error message return; -- and done with this parameter end end end end --[[-------------------< A R G U M E N T _ W R A P P E R >---------------------- Argument wrapper. This function provides support for argument mapping defined in the configuration file so that multiple names can be transparently aliased to single internal variable. ]] local function argument_wrapper ( args ) local origin = {}; return setmetatable({ ORIGIN = function ( self, k ) local dummy = self[k]; -- force the variable to be loaded; for now, ignore linter warning return origin[k]; end }, { __index = function ( tbl, k ) if origin[k] ~= nil then return nil; end local v; local list = cfg.aliases[k]; if type( list ) == 'table' then v, origin[k] = utilities.select_one ( args, list, 'err_redundant_parameters' ); if origin[k] == nil then origin[k] = ''; -- Empty string, not nil end elseif list ~= nil then v, origin[k] = args[list], list; else -- maybe let through instead of raising an error? -- v, origin[k] = args[k], k; error( cfg.messages['unknown_argument_map'] .. ': ' .. k); end -- Empty strings, not nil; if v == nil then v = ''; origin[k] = ''; end -- tbl = rawset( tbl, k, v ); rawset( tbl, k, v ); return v; end, }); end --[[--------------------------< N O W R A P _ D A T E >------------------------- When date is YYYY-MM-DD format wrap in nowrap span: <span ...>YYYY-MM-DD</span>. When date is DD MMMM YYYY or is MMMM DD, YYYY then wrap in nowrap span: <span ...>DD MMMM</span> YYYY or <span ...>MMMM DD,</span> YYYY DOES NOT yet support MMMM YYYY or any of the date ranges. ]] local function nowrap_date (date) local cap; local cap2; if date:match("^%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%-%d%d$") then date = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap1'], date); elseif date:match("^%a+%s*%d%d?,%s+%d%d%d%d$") or date:match ("^%d%d?%s*%a+%s+%d%d%d%d$") then cap, cap2 = string.match (date, "^(.*)%s+(%d%d%d%d)$"); date = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap2'], {cap, cap2}); end return date; end --[[--------------------------< S E T _ T I T L E T Y P E >--------------------- This function sets default title types (equivalent to the citation including |type=<default value>) for those templates that have defaults. Also handles the special case where it is desirable to omit the title type from the rendered citation (|type=none). ]] local function set_titletype (cite_class, title_type) if utilities.is_set (title_type) then if 'none' == cfg.keywords_xlate[title_type] then title_type = ''; -- if |type=none then type parameter not displayed end return title_type; -- if |type= has been set to any other value use that value end return cfg.title_types [cite_class] or ''; -- set template's default title type; else empty string for concatenation end --[[--------------------------< S A F E _ J O I N >----------------------------- Joins a sequence of strings together while checking for duplicate separation characters. ]] local function safe_join( tbl, duplicate_char ) local f = {}; -- create a function table appropriate to type of 'duplicate character' if 1 == #duplicate_char then -- for single byte ASCII characters use the string library functions f.gsub = string.gsub f.match = string.match f.sub = string.sub else -- for multi-byte characters use the ustring library functions f.gsub = mw.ustring.gsub f.match = mw.ustring.match f.sub = mw.ustring.sub end local str = ''; -- the output string for _, value in ipairs( tbl ) do if value == nil then value = ''; end if str == '' then -- if output string is empty str = value; -- assign value to it (first time through the loop) elseif value ~= '' then local comp; -- what does 'comp' mean? if value:sub(1, 1) == '<' then -- special case of values enclosed in spans and other markup. comp = value:gsub( "%b<>", "" ); -- remove HTML markup (<span>string</span> -> string) else comp = value; end -- typically duplicate_char is sepc if f.sub(comp, 1, 1) == duplicate_char then -- is first character same as duplicate_char? why test first character? -- Because individual string segments often (always?) begin with terminal punct for the -- preceding segment: 'First element' .. 'sepc next element' .. etc.? local trim = false; local end_chr = f.sub(str, -1, -1); -- get the last character of the output string -- str = str .. "<HERE(enchr=" .. end_chr .. ")" -- debug stuff? if end_chr == duplicate_char then -- if same as separator str = f.sub(str, 1, -2); -- remove it elseif end_chr == "'" then -- if it might be wiki-markup if f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. "''" then -- if last three chars of str are sepc'' str = f.sub(str, 1, -4) .. "''"; -- remove them and add back '' elseif f.sub(str, -5, -1) == duplicate_char .. "]]''" then -- if last five chars of str are sepc]]'' trim = true; -- why? why do this and next differently from previous? elseif f.sub(str, -4, -1) == duplicate_char .. "]''" then -- if last four chars of str are sepc]'' trim = true; -- same question end elseif end_chr == "]" then -- if it might be wiki-markup if f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. "]]" then -- if last three chars of str are sepc]] wikilink trim = true; elseif f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. '"]' then -- if last three chars of str are sepc"] quoted external link trim = true; elseif f.sub(str, -2, -1) == duplicate_char .. "]" then -- if last two chars of str are sepc] external link trim = true; elseif f.sub(str, -4, -1) == duplicate_char .. "'']" then -- normal case when |url=something & |title=Title. trim = true; end elseif end_chr == " " then -- if last char of output string is a space if f.sub(str, -2, -1) == duplicate_char .. " " then -- if last two chars of str are <sepc><space> str = f.sub(str, 1, -3); -- remove them both end end if trim then if value ~= comp then -- value does not equal comp when value contains HTML markup local dup2 = duplicate_char; if f.match(dup2, "%A" ) then dup2 = "%" .. dup2; end -- if duplicate_char not a letter then escape it value = f.gsub(value, "(%b<>)" .. dup2, "%1", 1 ) -- remove duplicate_char if it follows HTML markup else value = f.sub(value, 2, -1 ); -- remove duplicate_char when it is first character end end end str = str .. value; -- add it to the output string end end return str; end --[[--------------------------< I S _ S U F F I X >----------------------------- returns true if suffix is properly formed Jr, Sr, or ordinal in the range 1–9. Puncutation not allowed. ]] local function is_suffix (suffix) if utilities.in_array (suffix, {'Jr', 'Sr', 'Jnr', 'Snr', '1st', '2nd', '3rd'}) or suffix:match ('^%dth$') then return true; end return false; end --[[--------------------< I S _ G O O D _ V A N C _ N A M E >------------------- For Vancouver style, author/editor names are supposed to be rendered in Latin (read ASCII) characters. When a name uses characters that contain diacritical marks, those characters are to be converted to the corresponding Latin character. When a name is written using a non-Latin alphabet or logogram, that name is to be transliterated into Latin characters. The module doesn't do this so editors may/must. This test allows |first= and |last= names to contain any of the letters defined in the four Unicode Latin character sets [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0000.pdf C0 Controls and Basic Latin] 0041–005A, 0061–007A [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0080.pdf C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement] 00C0–00D6, 00D8–00F6, 00F8–00FF [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0100.pdf Latin Extended-A] 0100–017F [http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0180.pdf Latin Extended-B] 0180–01BF, 01C4–024F |lastn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, and apostrophes. (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/) |firstn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, apostrophes, and periods This original test: if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, "^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿDŽ-ɏ%-%s%']*$") or nil == mw.ustring.find (first, "^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿDŽ-ɏ%-%s%'%.]+[2-6%a]*$") then was written outside of the code editor and pasted here because the code editor gets confused between character insertion point and cursor position. The test has been rewritten to use decimal character escape sequence for the individual bytes of the Unicode characters so that it is not necessary to use an external editor to maintain this code. \195\128-\195\150 – À-Ö (U+00C0–U+00D6 – C0 controls) \195\152-\195\182 – Ø-ö (U+00D8-U+00F6 – C0 controls) \195\184-\198\191 – ø-ƿ (U+00F8-U+01BF – C0 controls, Latin extended A & B) \199\132-\201\143 – DŽ-ɏ (U+01C4-U+024F – Latin extended B) ]] local function is_good_vanc_name (last, first, suffix, position) if not suffix then if first:find ('[,%s]') then -- when there is a space or comma, might be first name/initials + generational suffix first = first:match ('(.-)[,%s]+'); -- get name/initials suffix = first:match ('[,%s]+(.+)$'); -- get generational suffix end end if utilities.is_set (suffix) then if not is_suffix (suffix) then add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.suffix, position); return false; -- not a name with an appropriate suffix end end if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, "^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143\225\184\128-\225\187\191%-%s%']*$") or nil == mw.ustring.find (first, "^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143\225\184\128-\225\187\191%-%s%'%.]*$") then add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl['non-Latin char'], position); return false; -- not a string of Latin characters; Vancouver requires Romanization end; return true; end --[[--------------------------< R E D U C E _ T O _ I N I T I A L S >------------------------------------------ Attempts to convert names to initials in support of |name-list-style=vanc. Names in |firstn= may be separated by spaces or hyphens, or for initials, a period. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35062/. Vancouver style requires family rank designations (Jr, II, III, etc.) to be rendered as Jr, 2nd, 3rd, etc. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35085/. This code only accepts and understands generational suffix in the Vancouver format because Roman numerals look like, and can be mistaken for, initials. This function uses ustring functions because firstname initials may be any of the Unicode Latin characters accepted by is_good_vanc_name (). ]] local function reduce_to_initials (first, position) if first:find (',', 1, true) then return first; -- commas not allowed; abandon end local name, suffix = mw.ustring.match (first, "^(%u+) ([%dJS][%drndth]+)$"); if not name then -- if not initials and a suffix name = mw.ustring.match (first, "^(%u+)$"); -- is it just initials? end if name then -- if first is initials with or without suffix if 3 > mw.ustring.len (name) then -- if one or two initials if suffix then -- if there is a suffix if is_suffix (suffix) then -- is it legitimate? return first; -- one or two initials and a valid suffix so nothing to do else add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.suffix, position); -- one or two initials with invalid suffix so error message return first; -- and return first unmolested end else return first; -- one or two initials without suffix; nothing to do end end end -- if here then name has 3 or more uppercase letters so treat them as a word local initials_t = {}; -- table to hold initials local i = 1; -- counter for number of initials local names_t = mw.text.split (first, '[%s%-]+'); -- split into a sequence of names and possible suffix while names_t[i] do -- loop through the sequence if 1 < i and names_t[i]:match ('[%dJS][%drndth]+%.?$') then -- if not the first name, and looks like a suffix (may have trailing dot) names_t[i] = names_t[i]:gsub ('%.', ''); -- remove terminal dot if present if is_suffix (names_t[i]) then -- if a legitimate suffix table.insert (initials_t, ' ' .. names_t[i]); -- add a separator space, insert at end of initials sequence break; -- and done because suffix must fall at the end of a name end -- no error message if not a suffix; possibly because of Romanization end if 3 > i then table.insert (initials_t, mw.ustring.sub (names_t[i], 1, 1)); -- insert the initial at end of initials sequence end i = i + 1; -- bump the counter end return table.concat (initials_t); -- Vancouver format does not include spaces. end --[[--------------------------< I N T E R W I K I _ P R E F I X E N _ G E T >---------------------------------- extract interwiki prefixen from <value>. Returns two one or two values: false – no prefixen nil – prefix exists but not recognized project prefix, language prefix – when value has either of: :<project>:<language>:<article> :<language>:<project>:<article> project prefix, nil – when <value> has only a known single-letter prefix nil, language prefix – when <value> has only a known language prefix accepts single-letter project prefixen: 'd' (wikidata), 's' (wikisource), and 'w' (wikipedia) prefixes; at this writing, the other single-letter prefixen (b (wikibook), c (commons), m (meta), n (wikinews), q (wikiquote), and v (wikiversity)) are not supported. ]] local function interwiki_prefixen_get (value, is_link) if not value:find (':%l+:') then -- if no prefix return false; -- abandon; boolean here to distinguish from nil fail returns later end local prefix_patterns_linked_t = { -- sequence of valid interwiki and inter project prefixen '^%[%[:([dsw]):(%l%l+):', -- wikilinked; project and language prefixes '^%[%[:(%l%l+):([dsw]):', -- wikilinked; language and project prefixes '^%[%[:([dsw]):', -- wikilinked; project prefix '^%[%[:(%l%l+):', -- wikilinked; language prefix } local prefix_patterns_unlinked_t = { -- sequence of valid interwiki and inter project prefixen '^:([dsw]):(%l%l+):', -- project and language prefixes '^:(%l%l+):([dsw]):', -- language and project prefixes '^:([dsw]):', -- project prefix '^:(%l%l+):', -- language prefix } local cap1, cap2; for _, pattern in ipairs ((is_link and prefix_patterns_linked_t) or prefix_patterns_unlinked_t) do cap1, cap2 = value:match (pattern); if cap1 then break; -- found a match so stop looking end end if cap1 and cap2 then -- when both then :project:language: or :language:project: (both forms allowed) if 1 == #cap1 then -- length == 1 then :project:language: if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap2] then -- is language prefix in the interwiki map? return cap1, cap2; -- return interwiki project and interwiki language end else -- here when :language:project: if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap1] then -- is language prefix in the interwiki map? return cap2, cap1; -- return interwiki project and interwiki language end end return nil; -- unknown interwiki language elseif not (cap1 or cap2) then -- both are nil? return nil; -- we got something that looks like a project prefix but isn't; return fail elseif 1 == #cap1 then -- here when one capture return cap1, nil; -- length is 1 so return project, nil language else -- here when one capture and its length it more than 1 if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap1] then -- is language prefix in the interwiki map? return nil, cap1; -- return nil project, language end end end --[[--------------------------< L I S T _ P E O P L E >-------------------------- Formats a list of people (authors, contributors, editors, interviewers, translators) names in the list will be linked when |<name>-link= has a value |<name>-mask- does NOT have a value; masked names are presumed to have been rendered previously so should have been linked there when |<name>-mask=0, the associated name is not rendered ]] local function list_people (control, people, etal) local sep; local namesep; local format = control.format; local maximum = control.maximum; local name_list = {}; if 'vanc' == format then -- Vancouver-like name styling? sep = cfg.presentation['sep_nl_vanc']; -- name-list separator between names is a comma namesep = cfg.presentation['sep_name_vanc']; -- last/first separator is a space else sep = cfg.presentation['sep_nl']; -- name-list separator between names is a semicolon namesep = cfg.presentation['sep_name']; -- last/first separator is <comma><space> end if sep:sub (-1, -1) ~= " " then sep = sep .. " " end if utilities.is_set (maximum) and maximum < 1 then return "", 0; end -- returned 0 is for EditorCount; not used for other names for i, person in ipairs (people) do if utilities.is_set (person.last) then local mask = person.mask; local one; local sep_one = sep; if utilities.is_set (maximum) and i > maximum then etal = true; break; end if mask then local n = tonumber (mask); -- convert to a number if it can be converted; nil else if n then one = 0 ~= n and string.rep("&mdash;", n) or nil; -- make a string of (n > 0) mdashes, nil else, to replace name person.link = nil; -- don't create link to name if name is replaces with mdash string or has been set nil else one = mask; -- replace name with mask text (must include name-list separator) sep_one = " "; -- modify name-list separator end else one = person.last; -- get surname local first = person.first -- get given name if utilities.is_set (first) then if ("vanc" == format) then -- if Vancouver format one = one:gsub ('%.', ''); -- remove periods from surnames (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/) if not person.corporate and is_good_vanc_name (one, first, nil, i) then -- and name is all Latin characters; corporate authors not tested first = reduce_to_initials (first, i); -- attempt to convert first name(s) to initials end end one = one .. namesep .. first; end end if utilities.is_set (person.link) then one = utilities.make_wikilink (person.link, one); -- link author/editor end if one then -- if <one> has a value (name, mdash replacement, or mask text replacement) local proj, tag = interwiki_prefixen_get (one, true); -- get the interwiki prefixen if present if 'w' == proj and ('Wikipedia' == mw.site.namespaces.Project['name']) then proj = nil; -- for stuff like :w:de:<article>, :w is unnecessary TODO: maint cat? end if proj then local proj_name = ({['d'] = cfg.messages.wikidata, ['s'] = cfg.messages.wikisource, ['w'] = cfg.messages.wikipedia})[proj]; -- :w (wikipedia) for linking from a non-wikipedia project if proj_name then one = one .. utilities.wrap_style ('interproj', proj_name); -- add resized leading space, brackets, static text, language name utilities.add_prop_cat ('interproj-linked-name', proj); -- categorize it; <proj> is sort key tag = nil; -- unset; don't do both project and language end end if tag == cfg.this_wiki_code then tag = nil; -- stuff like :en:<article> at en.wiki is pointless TODO: maint cat? end if tag then local lang = cfg.lang_tag_remap[tag] or cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag]; if lang then -- error messaging done in extract_names() where we know parameter names one = one .. utilities.wrap_style ('interwiki', lang); -- add resized leading space, brackets, static text, language name utilities.add_prop_cat ('interwiki-linked-name', tag); -- categorize it; <tag> is sort key end end table.insert (name_list, one); -- add it to the list of names table.insert (name_list, sep_one); -- add the proper name-list separator end end end local count = #name_list / 2; -- (number of names + number of separators) divided by 2 if 0 < count then if 1 < count and not etal then if 'amp' == format then name_list[#name_list-2] = " & "; -- replace last separator with ampersand text elseif 'and' == format then if 2 == count then name_list[#name_list-2] = cfg.presentation.sep_nl_and; -- replace last separator with 'and' text else name_list[#name_list-2] = cfg.presentation.sep_nl_end; -- replace last separator with '(sep) and' text end end end name_list[#name_list] = nil; -- erase the last separator end local result = table.concat (name_list); -- construct list if etal and utilities.is_set (result) then -- etal may be set by |display-authors=etal but we might not have a last-first list result = result .. sep .. cfg.messages['et al']; -- we've got a last-first list and etal so add et al. end return result, count; -- return name-list string and count of number of names (count used for editor names only) end --[[--------------------< M A K E _ C I T E R E F _ I D >----------------------- Generates a CITEREF anchor ID if we have at least one name or a date. Otherwise returns an empty string. namelist is one of the contributor-, author-, or editor-name lists chosen in that order. year is Year or anchor_year. ]] local function make_citeref_id (namelist, year) local names={}; -- a table for the one to four names and year for i,v in ipairs (namelist) do -- loop through the list and take up to the first four last names names[i] = v.last if i == 4 then break end -- if four then done end table.insert (names, year); -- add the year at the end local id = table.concat(names); -- concatenate names and year for CITEREF id if utilities.is_set (id) then -- if concatenation is not an empty string return "CITEREF" .. id; -- add the CITEREF portion else return ''; -- return an empty string; no reason to include CITEREF id in this citation end end --[[--------------------------< C I T E _ C L A S S _A T T R I B U T E _M A K E >------------------------------ construct <cite> tag class attribute for this citation. <cite_class> – config.CitationClass from calling template <mode> – value from |mode= parameter ]] local function cite_class_attribute_make (cite_class, mode) local class_t = {}; table.insert (class_t, 'citation'); -- required for blue highlight if 'citation' ~= cite_class then table.insert (class_t, cite_class); -- identify this template for user css table.insert (class_t, utilities.is_set (mode) and mode or 'cs1'); -- identify the citation style for user css or javascript else table.insert (class_t, utilities.is_set (mode) and mode or 'cs2'); -- identify the citation style for user css or javascript end for _, prop_key in ipairs (z.prop_keys_t) do table.insert (class_t, prop_key); -- identify various properties for user css or javascript end return table.concat (class_t, ' '); -- make a big string and done end --[[---------------------< N A M E _ H A S _ E T A L >-------------------------- Evaluates the content of name parameters (author, editor, etc.) for variations on the theme of et al. If found, the et al. is removed, a flag is set to true and the function returns the modified name and the flag. This function never sets the flag to false but returns its previous state because it may have been set by previous passes through this function or by the associated |display-<names>=etal parameter ]] local function name_has_etal (name, etal, nocat, param) if utilities.is_set (name) then -- name can be nil in which case just return local patterns = cfg.et_al_patterns; -- get patterns from configuration for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do -- loop through all of the patterns if name:match (pattern) then -- if this 'et al' pattern is found in name name = name:gsub (pattern, ''); -- remove the offending text etal = true; -- set flag (may have been set previously here or by |display-<names>=etal) if not nocat then -- no categorization for |vauthors= utilities.set_message ('err_etal', {param}); -- and set an error if not added end end end end return name, etal; end --[[---------------------< N A M E _ I S _ N U M E R I C >---------------------- Add an error message and category when <name> parameter value does not contain letters. Add a maintenance category when <name> parameter value has numeric characters mixed with characters that are not numeric characters; could be letters and/or punctuation characters. This function will only emit one error and one maint message for the current template. Does not emit both error and maint messages/categories for the same parameter value. returns nothing ]] local function name_is_numeric (name, name_alias, list_name) local patterns = { '^%D+%d', -- <name> must have digits preceded by other characters '^%D*%d+%D+', -- <name> must have digits followed by other characters } if not added_numeric_name_errs and mw.ustring.match (name, '^[%A]+$') then -- if we have not already set an error message and <name> does not have any alpha characters utilities.set_message ('err_numeric_names', name_alias); -- add an error message added_numeric_name_errs = true; -- set the flag so we emit only one error message return; -- when here no point in further testing; abandon end if not added_numeric_name_maint then -- if we have already set a maint message for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do -- spin through list of patterns if mw.ustring.match (name, pattern) then -- digits preceded or followed by anything but digits; %D+ includes punctuation utilities.set_message ('maint_numeric_names', cfg.special_case_translation [list_name]); -- add a maint cat for this template added_numeric_name_maint = true; -- set the flag so we emit only one maint message return; -- when here no point in further testing; abandon end end end end --[[-----------------< N A M E _ H A S _ M U L T _ N A M E S >------------------ Evaluates the content of last/surname (authors etc.) parameters for multiple names. Multiple names are indicated if there is more than one comma or any "unescaped" semicolons. Escaped semicolons are ones used as part of selected HTML entities. If the condition is met, the function adds the multiple name maintenance category. Same test for first except that commas should not appear in given names (MOS:JR says that the generational suffix does not take a separator character). Titles, degrees, postnominals, affiliations, all normally comma separated don't belong in a citation. <name> – name parameter value <list_name> – AuthorList, EditorList, etc <limit> – number of allowed commas; 1 (default) for surnames; 0 for given names returns nothing ]] local function name_has_mult_names (name, list_name, limit) local _, commas, semicolons, nbsps; limit = limit and limit or 1; if utilities.is_set (name) then _, commas = name:gsub (',', ''); -- count the number of commas _, semicolons = name:gsub (';', ''); -- count the number of semicolons -- nbsps probably should be its own separate count rather than merged in -- some way with semicolons because Lua patterns do not support the -- grouping operator that regex does, which means there is no way to add -- more entities to escape except by adding more counts with the new -- entities _, nbsps = name:gsub ('&nbsp;',''); -- count nbsps -- There is exactly 1 semicolon per &nbsp; entity, so subtract nbsps -- from semicolons to 'escape' them. If additional entities are added, -- they also can be subtracted. if limit < commas or 0 < (semicolons - nbsps) then utilities.set_message ('maint_mult_names', cfg.special_case_translation [list_name]); -- add a maint message end end end --[=[-------------------------< I S _ G E N E R I C >---------------------------------------------------------- Compares values assigned to various parameters according to the string provided as <item> in the function call. <item> can have on of two values: 'generic_names' – for name-holding parameters: |last=, |first=, |editor-last=, etc 'generic_titles' – for |title= There are two types of generic tests. The 'accept' tests look for a pattern that should not be rejected by the 'reject' test. For example, |author=[[John Smith (author)|Smith, John]] would be rejected by the 'author' reject test. But piped wikilinks with 'author' disambiguation should not be rejected so the 'accept' test prevents that from happening. Accept tests are always performed before reject tests. Each of the 'accept' and 'reject' sequence tables hold tables for en.wiki (['en']) and local.wiki (['local']) that each can hold a test sequence table The sequence table holds, at index [1], a test pattern, and, at index [2], a boolean control value. The control value tells string.find() or mw.ustring.find() to do plain-text search (true) or a pattern search (false). The intent of all this complexity is to make these searches as fast as possible so that we don't run out of processing time on very large articles. Returns true when a reject test finds the pattern or string false when an accept test finds the pattern or string nil else ]=] local function is_generic (item, value) local str_lower = { -- use string.lower() for en.wiki (['en']) and use mw.ustring.lower() or local.wiki (['local']) ['en'] = string.lower, ['local'] = mw.ustring.lower, } local str_find = { -- use string.find() for en.wiki (['en']) and use mw.ustring.find() or local.wiki (['local']) ['en'] = string.find, ['local'] = mw.ustring.find, } local function test (val, test_t, wiki) -- local function to do the testing; <wiki> selects lower() and find() functions val = test_t[2] and str_lower[wiki](value) or val; -- when <test_t[2]> set to 'true', plaintext search using lowercase value return str_find[wiki] (val, test_t[1], 1, test_t[2]); -- return nil when not found or matched end local test_types_t = {'accept', 'reject'}; -- test accept patterns first, then reject patterns local wikis_t = {'en', 'local'}; -- do tests for each of these keys; en.wiki first, local.wiki second for _, test_type in ipairs (test_types_t) do -- for each test type for _, generic_value in pairs (cfg.special_case_translation[item][test_type]) do -- spin through the list of generic value fragments to accept or reject for _, wiki in ipairs (wikis_t) do if generic_value[wiki] then if test (value, generic_value[wiki], wiki) then -- go do the test return ('reject' == test_type); -- param value rejected, return true; false else end end end end end end --[[--------------------------< N A M E _ I S _ G E N E R I C >------------------------------------------------ calls is_generic() to determine if <name> is a 'generic name' listed in cfg.generic_names; <name_alias> is the parameter name used in error messaging ]] local function name_is_generic (name, name_alias) if not added_generic_name_errs and is_generic ('generic_names', name) then utilities.set_message ('err_generic_name', name_alias); -- set an error message added_generic_name_errs = true; end end --[[--------------------------< N A M E _ C H E C K S >-------------------------------------------------------- This function calls various name checking functions used to validate the content of the various name-holding parameters. ]] local function name_checks (last, first, list_name, last_alias, first_alias) local accept_name; if utilities.is_set (last) then last, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (last); -- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of <last> if not accept_name then -- <last> not wrapped in accept-as-written markup name_has_mult_names (last, list_name); -- check for multiple names in the parameter name_is_numeric (last, last_alias, list_name); -- check for names that have no letters or are a mix of digits and other characters name_is_generic (last, last_alias); -- check for names found in the generic names list end end if utilities.is_set (first) then first, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (first); -- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of <first> if not accept_name then -- <first> not wrapped in accept-as-written markup name_has_mult_names (first, list_name, 0); -- check for multiple names in the parameter; 0 is number of allowed commas in a given name name_is_numeric (first, first_alias, list_name); -- check for names that have no letters or are a mix of digits and other characters name_is_generic (first, first_alias); -- check for names found in the generic names list end local wl_type, D = utilities.is_wikilink (first); if 0 ~= wl_type then first = D; utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', first_alias); end end return last, first; -- done end --[[----------------------< E X T R A C T _ N A M E S >------------------------- Gets name list from the input arguments Searches through args in sequential order to find |lastn= and |firstn= parameters (or their aliases), and their matching link and mask parameters. Stops searching when both |lastn= and |firstn= are not found in args after two sequential attempts: found |last1=, |last2=, and |last3= but doesn't find |last4= and |last5= then the search is done. This function emits an error message when there is a |firstn= without a matching |lastn=. When there are 'holes' in the list of last names, |last1= and |last3= are present but |last2= is missing, an error message is emitted. |lastn= is not required to have a matching |firstn=. When an author or editor parameter contains some form of 'et al.', the 'et al.' is stripped from the parameter and a flag (etal) returned that will cause list_people() to add the static 'et al.' text from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration. This keeps 'et al.' out of the template's metadata. When this occurs, an error is emitted. ]] local function extract_names(args, list_name) local names = {}; -- table of names local last; -- individual name components local first; local link; local mask; local i = 1; -- loop counter/indexer local n = 1; -- output table indexer local count = 0; -- used to count the number of times we haven't found a |last= (or alias for authors, |editor-last or alias for editors) local etal = false; -- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. in an author parameter local last_alias, first_alias, link_alias; -- selected parameter aliases used in error messaging while true do last, last_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ); -- search through args for name components beginning at 1 first, first_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ); link, link_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ); mask = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ); if last then -- error check |lastn= alias for unknown interwiki link prefix; done here because this is where we have the parameter name local project, language = interwiki_prefixen_get (last, true); -- true because we expect interwiki links in |lastn= to be wikilinked if nil == project and nil == language then -- when both are nil utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', last_alias); -- not known, emit an error message -- TODO: err_bad_interwiki? last = utilities.remove_wiki_link (last); -- remove wikilink markup; show display value only end end if link then -- error check |linkn= alias for unknown interwiki link prefix local project, language = interwiki_prefixen_get (link, false); -- false because wiki links in |author-linkn= is an error if nil == project and nil == language then -- when both are nil utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', link_alias); -- not known, emit an error message -- TODO: err_bad_interwiki? link = nil; -- unset so we don't link link_alias = nil; end end last, etal = name_has_etal (last, etal, false, last_alias); -- find and remove variations on et al. first, etal = name_has_etal (first, etal, false, first_alias); -- find and remove variations on et al. last, first = name_checks (last, first, list_name, last_alias, first_alias); -- multiple names, extraneous annotation, etc. checks if first and not last then -- if there is a firstn without a matching lastn local alias = first_alias:find ('given', 1, true) and 'given' or 'first'; -- get first or given form of the alias utilities.set_message ('err_first_missing_last', { first_alias, -- param name of alias missing its mate first_alias:gsub (alias, {['first'] = 'last', ['given'] = 'surname'}), -- make param name appropriate to the alias form }); -- add this error message elseif not first and not last then -- if both firstn and lastn aren't found, are we done? count = count + 1; -- number of times we haven't found last and first if 2 <= count then -- two missing names and we give up break; -- normal exit or there is a two-name hole in the list; can't tell which end else -- we have last with or without a first link = link_title_ok (link, link_alias, last, last_alias); -- check for improper wiki-markup if first then link = link_title_ok (link, link_alias, first, first_alias); -- check for improper wiki-markup end names[n] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate = false}; -- add this name to our names list (corporate for |vauthors= only) n = n + 1; -- point to next location in the names table if 1 == count then -- if the previous name was missing utilities.set_message ('err_missing_name', {list_name:match ("(%w+)List"):lower(), i - 1}); -- add this error message end count = 0; -- reset the counter, we're looking for two consecutive missing names end i = i + 1; -- point to next args location end return names, etal; -- all done, return our list of names and the etal flag end --[[--------------------------< N A M E _ T A G _ G E T >------------------------------------------------------ attempt to decode |language=<lang_param> and return language name and matching tag; nil else. This function looks for: <lang_param> as a tag in cfg.lang_tag_remap{} <lang_param> as a name in cfg.lang_name_remap{} <lang_param> as a name in cfg.mw_languages_by_name_t <lang_param> as a tag in cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t when those fail, presume that <lang_param> is an IETF-like tag that MediaWiki does not recognize. Strip all script, region, variant, whatever subtags from <lang_param> to leave just a two or three character language tag and look for the new <lang_param> in cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t{} on success, returns name (in properly capitalized form) and matching tag (in lowercase); on failure returns nil ]] local function name_tag_get (lang_param) local lang_param_lc = mw.ustring.lower (lang_param); -- use lowercase as an index into the various tables local name; local tag; name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[lang_param_lc]; -- assume <lang_param_lc> is a tag; attempt to get remapped language name if name then -- when <name>, <lang_param> is a tag for a remapped language name if cfg.lang_name_remap[name:lower()][2] ~= lang_param_lc then utilities.set_message ('maint_unknown_lang'); -- add maint category if not already added return name, cfg.lang_name_remap[name:lower()][2]; -- so return name and tag from lang_name_remap[name]; special case to xlate sr-ec and sr-el to sr-cyrl and sr-latn end return name, lang_param_lc; -- so return <name> from remap and <lang_param_lc> end tag = lang_param_lc:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*'); -- still assuming that <lang_param_lc> is a tag; strip script, region, variant subtags name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[tag]; -- attempt to get remapped language name with language subtag only if name then -- when <name>, <tag> is a tag for a remapped language name return name, tag; -- so return <name> from remap and <tag> end if cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc] then -- not a remapped tag, assume <lang_param_lc> is a name; attempt to get remapped language tag return cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc][1], cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc][2]; -- for this <lang_param_lc>, return a (possibly) new name and appropriate tag end name = cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[lang_param_lc]; -- assume that <lang_param_lc> is a tag; attempt to get its matching language name if name then return name, lang_param_lc; -- <lang_param_lc> is a tag so return it and <name> end tag = cfg.mw_languages_by_name_t[lang_param_lc]; -- assume that <lang_param_lc> is a language name; attempt to get its matching tag if tag then return cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag], tag; -- <lang_param_lc> is a name so return the name from the table and <tag> end tag = lang_param_lc:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*'); -- is <lang_param_lc> an IETF-like tag that MediaWiki doesn't recognize? <tag> gets the language subtag; nil else if tag then name = cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag]; -- attempt to get a language name using the shortened <tag> if name then return name, tag; -- <lang_param_lc> is an unrecognized IETF-like tag so return <name> and language subtag end end end --[[-------------------< L A N G U A G E _ P A R A M E T E R >------------------ Gets language name from a provided two- or three-character ISO 639 code. If a code is recognized by MediaWiki, use the returned name; if not, then use the value that was provided with the language parameter. When |language= contains a recognized language (either code or name), the page is assigned to the category for that code: Category:Norwegian-language sources (no). For valid three-character code languages, the page is assigned to the single category for '639-2' codes: Category:CS1 ISO 639-2 language sources. Languages that are the same as the local wiki are not categorized. MediaWiki does not recognize three-character equivalents of two-character codes: code 'ar' is recognized but code 'ara' is not. This function supports multiple languages in the form |language=nb, French, th where the language names or codes are separated from each other by commas with optional space characters. ]] local function language_parameter (lang) local tag; -- some form of IETF-like language tag; language subtag with optional region, sript, vatiant, etc subtags local lang_subtag; -- ve populates |language= with mostly unecessary region subtags that MediaWiki does not recognize; this is the base language subtag local name; -- the language name local language_list = {}; -- table of language names to be rendered local names_t = mw.text.split (lang, '%s*,%s*'); -- names should be a comma separated list for _, lang in ipairs (names_t) do -- reuse lang here because we don't yet know if lang is a language name or a language tag; for now, ignore linter warning name, tag = name_tag_get (lang); -- attempt to get name/tag pair for <lang>; <name> has proper capitalization; <tag> is lowercase if utilities.is_set (tag) then lang_subtag = tag:gsub ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*', '%1'); -- for categorization, strip any IETF-like tags from language tag if cfg.this_wiki_code ~= lang_subtag then -- when the language is not the same as this wiki's language if 2 == lang_subtag:len() then -- and is a two-character tag utilities.add_prop_cat ('foreign-lang-source', {name, tag}, lang_subtag); -- categorize it; tag appended to allow for multiple language categorization else -- or is a recognized language (but has a three-character tag) utilities.add_prop_cat ('foreign-lang-source-2', {lang_subtag}, lang_subtag); -- categorize it differently TODO: support multiple three-character tag categories per cs1|2 template? end elseif cfg.local_lang_cat_enable then -- when the language and this wiki's language are the same and categorization is enabled utilities.add_prop_cat ('local-lang-source', {name, lang_subtag}); -- categorize it end else name = lang; -- return whatever <lang> has so that we show something utilities.set_message ('maint_unknown_lang'); -- add maint category if not already added end table.insert (language_list, name); end name = utilities.make_sep_list (#language_list, language_list); if (1 == #language_list) and (lang_subtag == cfg.this_wiki_code) then -- when only one language, find lang name in this wiki lang name; for |language=en-us, 'English' in 'American English' return ''; -- if one language and that language is this wiki's return an empty string (no annotation) end return (" " .. wrap_msg ('language', name)); -- otherwise wrap with '(in ...)' --[[ TODO: should only return blank or name rather than full list so we can clean up the bunched parenthetical elements Language, Type, Format ]] end --[[-----------------------< S E T _ C S _ S T Y L E >-------------------------- Gets the default CS style configuration for the given mode. Returns default separator and either postscript as passed in or the default. In CS1, the default postscript and separator are '.'. In CS2, the default postscript is the empty string and the default separator is ','. ]] local function set_cs_style (postscript, mode) if utilities.is_set(postscript) then -- emit a maintenance message if user postscript is the default cs1 postscript -- we catch the opposite case for cs2 in set_style if mode == 'cs1' and postscript == cfg.presentation['ps_' .. mode] then utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript'); end else postscript = cfg.presentation['ps_' .. mode]; end return cfg.presentation['sep_' .. mode], postscript; end --[[--------------------------< S E T _ S T Y L E >----------------------------- Sets the separator and postscript styles. Checks the |mode= first and the #invoke CitationClass second. Removes the postscript if postscript == none. ]] local function set_style (mode, postscript, cite_class) local sep; if 'cs2' == mode then sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs2'); elseif 'cs1' == mode then sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs1'); elseif 'citation' == cite_class then sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs2'); else sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs1'); end if cfg.keywords_xlate[postscript:lower()] == 'none' then -- emit a maintenance message if user postscript is the default cs2 postscript -- we catch the opposite case for cs1 in set_cs_style if 'cs2' == mode or ('cs1' ~= mode and 'citation' == cite_class) then -- {{citation |title=Title |mode=cs1 |postscript=none}} should not emit maint message utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript'); end postscript = ''; end return sep, postscript end --[=[-------------------------< I S _ P D F >----------------------------------- Determines if a URL has the file extension that is one of the PDF file extensions used by [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] when applying the PDF icon to external links. returns true if file extension is one of the recognized extensions, else false ]=] local function is_pdf (url) return url:match ('%.pdf$') or url:match ('%.PDF$') or url:match ('%.pdf[%?#]') or url:match ('%.PDF[%?#]') or url:match ('%.PDF&#035') or url:match ('%.pdf&#035'); end --[[--------------------------< S T Y L E _ F O R M A T >----------------------- Applies CSS style to |format=, |chapter-format=, etc. Also emits an error message if the format parameter does not have a matching URL parameter. If the format parameter is not set and the URL contains a file extension that is recognized as a PDF document by MediaWiki's commons.css, this code will set the format parameter to (PDF) with the appropriate styling. ]] local function style_format (format, url, fmt_param, url_param) if utilities.is_set (format) then format = utilities.wrap_style ('format', format); -- add leading space, parentheses, resize if not utilities.is_set (url) then utilities.set_message ('err_format_missing_url', {fmt_param, url_param}); -- add an error message end elseif is_pdf (url) then -- format is not set so if URL is a PDF file then format = utilities.wrap_style ('format', 'PDF'); -- set format to PDF else format = ''; -- empty string for concatenation end return format; end --[[---------------------< G E T _ D I S P L A Y _ N A M E S >------------------ Returns a number that defines the number of names displayed for author and editor name lists and a Boolean flag to indicate when et al. should be appended to the name list. When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is a number greater than or equal to zero, return the number and the previous state of the 'etal' flag (false by default but may have been set to true if the name list contains some variant of the text 'et al.'). When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is the keyword 'etal', return a number that is one greater than the number of authors in the list and set the 'etal' flag true. This will cause the list_people() to display all of the names in the name list followed by 'et al.' In all other cases, returns nil and the previous state of the 'etal' flag. inputs: max: A['DisplayAuthors'] or A['DisplayEditors'], etc; a number or some flavor of etal count: #a or #e list_name: 'authors' or 'editors' etal: author_etal or editor_etal This function sets an error message when |display-xxxxors= value greater than or equal to number of names but not when <max> comes from {{cs1 config}} global settings. When using global settings, <param> is set to the keyword 'cs1 config' which is used to supress the normal error. Error is suppressed because it is to be expected that some citations in an article will have the same or fewer names that the limit specified in {{cs1 config}}. ]] local function get_display_names (max, count, etal, param) if utilities.is_set (max) then if 'etal' == cfg.keywords_xlate[max:lower():gsub("[ '%.]", '')] then -- the :gsub() portion makes 'etal' from a variety of 'et al.' spellings and stylings max = count + 1; -- number of authors + 1 so display all author name plus et al. etal = true; -- overrides value set by extract_names() elseif max:match ('^%d+$') then -- if is a string of numbers max = tonumber (max); -- make it a number if (max >= count) and ('cs1 config' ~= param) then -- error when local |display-xxxxors= value greater than or equal to number of names; not an error when using global setting utilities.set_message ('err_disp_name', {param, max}); -- add error message max = nil; end else -- not a valid keyword or number utilities.set_message ('err_disp_name', {param, max}); -- add error message max = nil; -- unset; as if |display-xxxxors= had not been set end end return max, etal; end --[[----------< E X T R A _ T E X T _ I N _ P A G E _ C H E C K >--------------- Adds error if |page=, |pages=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages= has what appears to be some form of p. or pp. abbreviation in the first characters of the parameter content. check page for extraneous p, p., pp, pp., pg, pg. at start of parameter value: good pattern: '^P[^%.P%l]' matches when page begins PX or P# but not Px where x and X are letters and # is a digit bad pattern: '^[Pp][PpGg]' matches when page begins pp, pP, Pp, PP, pg, pG, Pg, PG ]] local function extra_text_in_page_check (val, name) if not val:match (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.good_ppattern) then for _, pattern in ipairs (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.bad_ppatterns) do -- spin through the selected sequence table of patterns if val:match (pattern) then -- when a match, error so utilities.set_message ('err_extra_text_pages', name); -- add error message return; -- and done end end end end --[[--------------------------< E X T R A _ T E X T _ I N _ V O L _ I S S _ C H E C K >------------------------ Adds error if |volume= or |issue= has what appears to be some form of redundant 'type' indicator. Applies to both; this function looks for issue text in both |issue= and |volume= and looks for volume-like text in |voluem= and |issue=. For |volume=: 'V.', or 'Vol.' (with or without the dot) abbreviations or 'Volume' in the first characters of the parameter content (all case insensitive). 'V' and 'v' (without the dot) are presumed to be roman numerals so are allowed. For |issue=: 'No.', 'I.', 'Iss.' (with or without the dot) abbreviations, or 'Issue' in the first characters of the parameter content (all case insensitive); numero styling: 'n°' with degree sign U+00B0, and № precomposed numero sign U+2116. Single character values ('v', 'i', 'n') allowed when not followed by separator character ('.', ':', '=', or whitespace character) – param values are trimmed of whitespace by MediaWiki before delivered to the module. <val> is |volume= or |issue= parameter value <name> is |volume= or |issue= parameter name for error message <selector> is 'v' for |volume=, 'i' for |issue= sets error message on failure; returns nothing ]] local function extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (val, name, selector) if not utilities.is_set (val) then return; end local handler = 'v' == selector and 'err_extra_text_volume' or 'err_extra_text_issue'; local accept_val; -- for now, ignore linter warning val, accept_val = utilities.has_accept_as_written (val); --if accept_val then -- if uncomment this, |volume=((vol. 1)) suppresses error -- return; --end --val = mw.text.unstripNoWiki (val); -- if uncomment this, |volume=<nowiki>vol. 1</nowiki> shows error val = val:lower(); -- force parameter value to lower case for _, pattern in ipairs (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.vi_patterns_t) do -- spin through the sequence table of patterns if val:match (pattern) then -- when a match, error so utilities.set_message (handler, name); -- add error message return; -- and done end end end --[=[-------------------------< G E T _ V _ N A M E _ T A B L E >---------------------------------------------- split apart a |vauthors= or |veditors= parameter. This function allows for corporate names, wrapped in doubled parentheses to also have commas; in the old version of the code, the doubled parentheses were included in the rendered citation and in the metadata. Individual author names may be wikilinked |vauthors=Jones AB, [[E. B. White|White EB]], ((Black, Brown, and Co.)) ]=] local function get_v_name_table (vparam, output_table, output_link_table) local _, accept = utilities.has_accept_as_written (vparam); if accept then utilities.add_prop_cat ('vanc-accept'); -- add properties category end local name_table = mw.text.split(vparam, "%s*,%s*"); -- names are separated by commas local wl_type, label, link; -- wl_type not used here; just a placeholder local i = 1; while name_table[i] do if name_table[i]:match ('^%(%(.*[^%)][^%)]$') then -- first segment of corporate with one or more commas; this segment has the opening doubled parentheses local name = name_table[i]; i = i + 1; -- bump indexer to next segment while name_table[i] do name = name .. ', ' .. name_table[i]; -- concatenate with previous segments if name_table[i]:match ('^.*%)%)$') then -- if this table member has the closing doubled parentheses break; -- and done reassembling so end i = i + 1; -- bump indexer end table.insert (output_table, name); -- and add corporate name to the output table table.insert (output_link_table, ''); -- no wikilink else wl_type, label, link = utilities.is_wikilink (name_table[i]); -- wl_type is: 0, no wl (text in label variable); 1, [[D]]; 2, [[L|D]] table.insert (output_table, label); -- add this name if 1 == wl_type then table.insert (output_link_table, label); -- simple wikilink [[D]] else table.insert (output_link_table, link); -- no wikilink or [[L|D]]; add this link if there is one, else empty string end end i = i + 1; end return output_table; end --[[--------------------------< P A R S E _ V A U T H O R S _ V E D I T O R S >-------------------------------- This function extracts author / editor names from |vauthors= or |veditors= and finds matching |xxxxor-maskn= and |xxxxor-linkn= in args. It then returns a table of assembled names just as extract_names() does. Author / editor names in |vauthors= or |veditors= must be in Vancouver system style. Corporate or institutional names may sometimes be required and because such names will often fail the is_good_vanc_name() and other format compliance tests, are wrapped in doubled parentheses ((corporate name)) to suppress the format tests. Supports generational suffixes Jr, 2nd, 3rd, 4th–6th. This function sets the Vancouver error when a required comma is missing and when there is a space between an author's initials. ]] local function parse_vauthors_veditors (args, vparam, list_name) local names = {}; -- table of names assembled from |vauthors=, |author-maskn=, |author-linkn= local v_name_table = {}; local v_link_table = {}; -- when name is wikilinked, targets go in this table local etal = false; -- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. vauthors parameter local last, first, link, mask, suffix; local corporate = false; vparam, etal = name_has_etal (vparam, etal, true); -- find and remove variations on et al. do not categorize (do it here because et al. might have a period) v_name_table = get_v_name_table (vparam, v_name_table, v_link_table); -- names are separated by commas for i, v_name in ipairs(v_name_table) do first = ''; -- set to empty string for concatenation and because it may have been set for previous author/editor local accept_name; v_name, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (v_name); -- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of <v_name> if accept_name then last = v_name; corporate = true; -- flag used in list_people() elseif string.find(v_name, "%s") then if v_name:find('[;%.]') then -- look for commonly occurring punctuation characters; add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.punctuation, i); end local lastfirst_t = mw.text.split(v_name, "%s+"); first = table.remove (lastfirst_t); -- removes and returns value of last element in table which should be initials or generational suffix if not mw.ustring.match (first, '^%u+$') then -- mw.ustring here so that later we will catch non-Latin characters suffix = first; -- not initials so assume that whatever we got is a generational suffix first = table.remove (lastfirst_t); -- get what should be the initials from the table end last = table.concat (lastfirst_t, ' '); -- returns a string that is the concatenation of all other names that are not initials and generational suffix if not utilities.is_set (last) then first = ''; -- unset last = v_name; -- last empty because something wrong with first add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.name, i); end if mw.ustring.match (last, '%a+%s+%u+%s+%a+') then add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl['missing comma'], i); -- matches last II last; the case when a comma is missing end if mw.ustring.match (v_name, ' %u %u$') then -- this test is in the wrong place TODO: move or replace with a more appropriate test add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.initials, i); -- matches a space between two initials end else last = v_name; -- last name or single corporate name? Doesn't support multiword corporate names? do we need this? end if utilities.is_set (first) then if not mw.ustring.match (first, "^%u?%u$") then -- first shall contain one or two upper-case letters, nothing else add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.initials, i); -- too many initials; mixed case initials (which may be ok Romanization); hyphenated initials end is_good_vanc_name (last, first, suffix, i); -- check first and last before restoring the suffix which may have a non-Latin digit if utilities.is_set (suffix) then first = first .. ' ' .. suffix; -- if there was a suffix concatenate with the initials suffix = ''; -- unset so we don't add this suffix to all subsequent names end else if not corporate then is_good_vanc_name (last, '', nil, i); end end link = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ) or v_link_table[i]; mask = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ); names[i] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate = corporate}; -- add this assembled name to our names list end return names, etal; -- all done, return our list of names end --[[--------------------------< S E L E C T _ A U T H O R _ E D I T O R _ S O U R C E >------------------------ Select one of |authors=, |authorn= / |lastn / firstn=, or |vauthors= as the source of the author name list or select one of |editorn= / editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= or |veditors= as the source of the editor name list. Only one of these appropriate three will be used. The hierarchy is: |authorn= (and aliases) highest and |authors= lowest; |editorn= (and aliases) highest and |veditors= lowest (support for |editors= withdrawn) When looking for |authorn= / |editorn= parameters, test |xxxxor1= and |xxxxor2= (and all of their aliases); stops after the second test which mimicks the test used in extract_names() when looking for a hole in the author name list. There may be a better way to do this, I just haven't discovered what that way is. Emits an error message when more than one xxxxor name source is provided. In this function, vxxxxors = vauthors or veditors; xxxxors = authors as appropriate. ]] local function select_author_editor_source (vxxxxors, xxxxors, args, list_name) local lastfirst = false; if utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 1 ) or -- do this twice in case we have a |first1= without a |last1=; this ... utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 1 ) or -- ... also catches the case where |first= is used with |vauthors= utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 2 ) or utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 2 ) then lastfirst = true; end if (utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) and true == lastfirst) or -- these are the three error conditions (utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) and utilities.is_set (xxxxors)) or (true == lastfirst and utilities.is_set (xxxxors)) then utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', utilities.substitute (cfg.special_case_translation.name_list_params, ('AuthorList' == list_name) and cfg.special_case_translation.author or cfg.special_case_translation.editor)); -- add error message end if true == lastfirst then return 1 end; -- return a number indicating which author name source to use if utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) then return 2 end; if utilities.is_set (xxxxors) then return 3 end; return 1; -- no authors so return 1; this allows missing author name test to run in case there is a first without last end --[[--------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ P A R A M E T E R _ V A L U E >------------------------------ This function is used to validate a parameter's assigned value for those parameters that have only a limited number of allowable values (yes, y, true, live, dead, etc.). When the parameter value has not been assigned a value (missing or empty in the source template) the function returns the value specified by ret_val. If the parameter value is one of the list of allowed values returns the translated value; else, emits an error message and returns the value specified by ret_val. TODO: explain <invert> ]] local function is_valid_parameter_value (value, name, possible, ret_val, invert) if not utilities.is_set (value) then return ret_val; -- an empty parameter is ok end if (not invert and utilities.in_array (value, possible)) then -- normal; <value> is in <possible> table return cfg.keywords_xlate[value]; -- return translation of parameter keyword elseif invert and not utilities.in_array (value, possible) then -- invert; <value> is not in <possible> table return value; -- return <value> as it is else utilities.set_message ('err_invalid_param_val', {name, value}); -- not an allowed value so add error message return ret_val; end end --[[--------------------------< T E R M I N A T E _ N A M E _ L I S T >---------------------------------------- This function terminates a name list (author, contributor, editor) with a separator character (sepc) and a space when the last character is not a sepc character or when the last three characters are not sepc followed by two closing square brackets (close of a wikilink). When either of these is true, the name_list is terminated with a single space character. ]] local function terminate_name_list (name_list, sepc) if (string.sub (name_list, -3, -1) == sepc .. '. ') then -- if already properly terminated return name_list; -- just return the name list elseif (string.sub (name_list, -1, -1) == sepc) or (string.sub (name_list, -3, -1) == sepc .. ']]') then -- if last name in list ends with sepc char return name_list .. " "; -- don't add another else return name_list .. sepc .. ' '; -- otherwise terminate the name list end end --[[-------------------------< F O R M A T _ V O L U M E _ I S S U E >----------------------------------------- returns the concatenation of the formatted volume and issue (or journal article number) parameters as a single string; or formatted volume or formatted issue, or an empty string if neither are set. ]] local function format_volume_issue (volume, issue, article, cite_class, origin, sepc, lower) if not utilities.is_set (volume) and not utilities.is_set (issue) and not utilities.is_set (article) then return ''; end -- same condition as in format_pages_sheets() local is_journal = 'journal' == cite_class or (utilities.in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map', 'interview'}) and 'journal' == origin); local is_numeric_vol = volume and (volume:match ('^[MDCLXVI]+$') or volume:match ('^%d+$')); -- is only uppercase roman numerals or only digits? local is_long_vol = volume and (4 < mw.ustring.len(volume)); -- is |volume= value longer than 4 characters? if volume and (not is_numeric_vol and is_long_vol) then -- when not all digits or Roman numerals, is |volume= longer than 4 characters? utilities.add_prop_cat ('long-vol'); -- yes, add properties cat end if is_journal then -- journal-style formatting local vol = ''; if utilities.is_set (volume) then if is_numeric_vol then -- |volume= value all digits or all uppercase Roman numerals? vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['vol-bold'], {sepc, volume}); -- render in bold face elseif is_long_vol then -- not all digits or Roman numerals; longer than 4 characters? vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-vol'], {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)}); -- not bold else -- four or fewer characters vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['vol-bold'], {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)}); -- bold end end vol = vol .. (utilities.is_set (issue) and utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-issue'], issue) or '') vol = vol .. (utilities.is_set (article) and utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-article-num'], article) or '') return vol; end if 'podcast' == cite_class and utilities.is_set (issue) then return wrap_msg ('issue', {sepc, issue}, lower); end if 'conference' == cite_class and utilities.is_set (article) then -- |article-number= supported only in journal and conference cites if utilities.is_set (volume) and utilities.is_set (article) then -- both volume and article number return wrap_msg ('vol-art', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume), article}, lower); elseif utilities.is_set (article) then -- article number alone; when volume alone, handled below return wrap_msg ('art', {sepc, article}, lower); end end -- all other types of citation if utilities.is_set (volume) and utilities.is_set (issue) then return wrap_msg ('vol-no', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume), issue}, lower); elseif utilities.is_set (volume) then return wrap_msg ('vol', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)}, lower); else return wrap_msg ('issue', {sepc, issue}, lower); end end --[[-------------------------< F O R M A T _ P A G E S _ S H E E T S >----------------------------------------- adds static text to one of |page(s)= or |sheet(s)= values and returns it with all of the others set to empty strings. The return order is: page, pages, sheet, sheets Singular has priority over plural when both are provided. ]] local function format_pages_sheets (page, pages, sheet, sheets, cite_class, origin, sepc, nopp, lower) if 'map' == cite_class then -- only cite map supports sheet(s) as in-source locators if utilities.is_set (sheet) then if 'journal' == origin then return '', '', wrap_msg ('j-sheet', sheet, lower), ''; else return '', '', wrap_msg ('sheet', {sepc, sheet}, lower), ''; end elseif utilities.is_set (sheets) then if 'journal' == origin then return '', '', '', wrap_msg ('j-sheets', sheets, lower); else return '', '', '', wrap_msg ('sheets', {sepc, sheets}, lower); end end end local is_journal = 'journal' == cite_class or (utilities.in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map', 'interview'}) and 'journal' == origin); if utilities.is_set (page) then if is_journal then return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], page), '', '', ''; elseif not nopp then return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, page}), '', '', ''; else return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, page}), '', '', ''; end elseif utilities.is_set (pages) then if is_journal then return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], pages), '', '', ''; elseif tonumber(pages) ~= nil and not nopp then -- if pages is only digits, assume a single page number return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, pages}), '', ''; elseif not nopp then return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['pp-prefix'], {sepc, pages}), '', ''; else return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, pages}), '', ''; end end return '', '', '', ''; -- return empty strings end --[[--------------------------< I N S O U R C E _ L O C _ G E T >---------------------------------------------- returns one of the in-source locators: page, pages, or at. If any of these are interwiki links to Wikisource, returns the label portion of the interwiki-link as plain text for use in COinS. This COinS thing is done because here we convert an interwiki-link to an external link and add an icon span around that; get_coins_pages() doesn't know about the span. TODO: should it? TODO: add support for sheet and sheets?; streamline; TODO: make it so that this function returns only one of the three as the single in-source (the return value assigned to a new name)? ]] local function insource_loc_get (page, page_orig, pages, pages_orig, at) local ws_url, ws_label, coins_pages, L; -- for Wikisource interwiki-links; TODO: this corrupts page metadata (span remains in place after cleanup; fix there?) if utilities.is_set (page) then if utilities.is_set (pages) or utilities.is_set (at) then pages = ''; -- unset the others at = ''; end extra_text_in_page_check (page, page_orig); -- emit error message when |page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc. ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (page); -- make ws URL from |page= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label if ws_url then page = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in page'); -- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this? page = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, page}); coins_pages = ws_label; end elseif utilities.is_set (pages) then if utilities.is_set (at) then at = ''; -- unset end extra_text_in_page_check (pages, pages_orig); -- emit error message when |page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc. ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (pages); -- make ws URL from |pages= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label if ws_url then pages = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in pages'); -- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this? pages = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, pages}); coins_pages = ws_label; end elseif utilities.is_set (at) then ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (at); -- make ws URL from |at= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label if ws_url then at = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in at'); -- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this? at = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, at}); coins_pages = ws_label; end end return page, pages, at, coins_pages; end --[[--------------------------< I S _ U N I Q U E _ A R C H I V E _ U R L >------------------------------------ add error message when |archive-url= value is same as |url= or chapter-url= (or alias...) value ]] local function is_unique_archive_url (archive, url, c_url, source, date) if utilities.is_set (archive) then if archive == url or archive == c_url then utilities.set_message ('err_bad_url', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)}); -- add error message return '', ''; -- unset |archive-url= and |archive-date= because same as |url= or |chapter-url= end end return archive, date; end --[=[-------------------------< A R C H I V E _ U R L _ C H E C K >-------------------------------------------- Check archive.org URLs to make sure they at least look like they are pointing at valid archives and not to the save snapshot URL or to calendar pages. When the archive URL is 'https://web.archive.org/save/' (or http://...) archive.org saves a snapshot of the target page in the URL. That is something that Wikipedia should not allow unwitting readers to do. When the archive.org URL does not have a complete timestamp, archive.org chooses a snapshot according to its own algorithm or provides a calendar 'search' result. [[WP:ELNO]] discourages links to search results. This function looks at the value assigned to |archive-url= and returns empty strings for |archive-url= and |archive-date= and an error message when: |archive-url= holds an archive.org save command URL |archive-url= is an archive.org URL that does not have a complete timestamp (YYYYMMDDhhmmss 14 digits) in the correct place otherwise returns |archive-url= and |archive-date= There are two mostly compatible archive.org URLs: //web.archive.org/<timestamp>... -- the old form //web.archive.org/web/<timestamp>... -- the new form The old form does not support or map to the new form when it contains a display flag. There are four identified flags ('id_', 'js_', 'cs_', 'im_') but since archive.org ignores others following the same form (two letters and an underscore) we don't check for these specific flags but we do check the form. This function supports a preview mode. When the article is rendered in preview mode, this function may return a modified archive URL: for save command errors, return undated wildcard (/*/) for timestamp errors when the timestamp has a wildcard, return the URL unmodified for timestamp errors when the timestamp does not have a wildcard, return with timestamp limited to six digits plus wildcard (/yyyymm*/) A secondary function is to return an archive-url timestamp from those archive urls that have them. The timestamp is used by validation.archive_date_check() to see if the value in |archive-date= matches the timestamp in the archive url. ]=] local function archive_url_check (url, date) local err_msg; -- start with the error message empty local path, timestamp, flag; -- portions of the archive.org URL local function is_ts_date_valid (ts, origin_date) -- local function to validate archive url taimestamp date; time ignored local y, m, d = ts:match ('(%d%d%d%d)(%d%d)(%d%d)'); -- split into parts if y and validation.is_valid_date (y, m, d) and (tonumber (y) >= 1996) then return true, tonumber (y) >= origin_date; -- <origin_date> is 1996 for archive.org end end if (not url:match('//web%.archive%.org/')) and (not url:match('//liveweb%.archive%.org/')) then -- also deprecated liveweb Wayback machine URL return url, date; -- not an archive.org archive, return ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate end if url:match('//web%.archive%.org/save/') then -- if a save command URL, we don't want to allow saving of the target page err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.save; url = url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org)/save/', '%1/*/', 1); -- for preview mode: modify ArchiveURL elseif url:match('//liveweb%.archive%.org/') then err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.liveweb; else path, timestamp, flag = url:match('//web%.archive%.org/([^%d]*)(%d+)([^/]*)/'); -- split out some of the URL parts for evaluation if not path then -- malformed in some way; pattern did not match err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp; elseif 14 ~= timestamp:len() then -- path and flag optional, must have 14-digit timestamp here err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp; if '*' ~= flag then local replacement = timestamp:match ('^%d%d%d%d%d%d') or timestamp:match ('^%d%d%d%d'); -- get the first 6 (YYYYMM) or first 4 digits (YYYY) if replacement then -- nil if there aren't at least 4 digits (year) replacement = replacement .. string.rep ('0', 14 - replacement:len()); -- year or yearmo (4 or 6 digits) zero-fill to make 14-digit timestamp url=url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org/[^%d]*)%d[^/]*', '%1' .. replacement .. '*', 1) -- for preview, modify ts to 14 digits plus splat for calendar display end end elseif not is_ts_date_valid (timestamp, 1996) then -- is ymd portion of timestamp a valid date? err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp; timestamp = nil; -- unset because invalid elseif utilities.is_set (path) and 'web/' ~= path then -- older archive URLs do not have the extra 'web/' path element err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.path; elseif utilities.is_set (flag) and not utilities.is_set (path) then -- flag not allowed with the old form URL (without the 'web/' path element) err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.flag; elseif utilities.is_set (flag) and not flag:match ('%a%a_') then -- flag if present must be two alpha characters and underscore (requires 'web/' path element) err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.flag; else return url, date, timestamp; -- return ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, and timestamp from |archive-url= end end -- if here, something not right so utilities.set_message ('err_archive_url', {err_msg}); -- add error message and if is_preview_mode then return url, date, timestamp; -- preview mode so return ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, and timestamp from |archive-url= else return '', ''; -- return empty strings for ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate end end --[[--------------------------< P L A C E _ C H E C K >-------------------------------------------------------- check |place=, |publication-place=, |location= to see if these params include digits. This function added because many editors misuse location to specify the in-source location (|page(s)= and |at= are supposed to do that) returns the original parameter value without modification; added maint cat when parameter value contains digits ]] local function place_check (param_val) if not utilities.is_set (param_val) then -- parameter empty or omitted return param_val; -- return that empty state end if mw.ustring.find (param_val, '%d') then -- not empty, are there digits in the parameter value utilities.set_message ('maint_location'); -- yep, add maint cat end return param_val; -- and done end --[[--------------------------< I S _ A R C H I V E D _ C O P Y >---------------------------------------------- compares |title= to 'Archived copy' (placeholder added by bots that can't find proper title); if matches, return true; nil else ]] local function is_archived_copy (title) title = mw.ustring.lower(title); -- switch title to lower case if title:find (cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy.en) then -- if title is 'Archived copy' return true; elseif cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy['local'] then if mw.ustring.find (title, cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy['local']) then -- mw.ustring() because might not be Latin script return true; end end end --[[--------------------------< D I S P L A Y _ N A M E S _ S E L E C T >-------------------------------------- for any of the |display-authors=, |display-editors=, etc parameters, select either the local or global setting. When both are present, look at <local_display_names> value. When the value is some sort of 'et al.'string, special handling is required. When {{cs1 config}} has |display-<namelist>= AND this template has |display-<namelist>=etal AND: the number of names specified by <number_of_names> is: greater than the number specified in the global |display-<namelist>= parameter (<global_display_names>) use global |display-<namelist>= parameter value set overridden maint category less than or equal to the number specified in the global |display-<namelist>= parameter use local |display-<namelist>= parameter value The purpose of this function is to prevent categorizing a template that has fewer names than the global setting to keep the etal annotation specified by <local_display_names>. ]] local function display_names_select (global_display_names, local_display_names, param_name, number_of_names) if global_display_names and utilities.is_set (local_display_names) then -- when both if 'etal' == local_display_names:lower():gsub("[ '%.]", '') then -- the :gsub() portion makes 'etal' from a variety of 'et al.' spellings and stylings number_of_names = tonumber (number_of_names); -- convert these to numbers for comparison local global_display_names_num = tonumber (global_display_names); -- <global_display_names> not set when parameter value is not digits if number_of_names > global_display_names_num then -- template has more names than global config allows to be displayed? utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting'); -- set a maint message because global is overriding local |display-<namelist>=etal return global_display_names, 'cs1 config'; -- return global with spoof parameter name (for get_display_names()) else return local_display_names, param_name; -- return local because fewer names so let <local_display_names> control end end -- here when <global_display_names> and <local_display_names> both numbers; <global_display_names> controls utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting'); -- set a maint message return global_display_names, 'cs1 config'; -- return global with spoof parameter name (for get_display_names()) end -- here when only one of <global_display_names> or <local_display_names> set if global_display_names then return global_display_names, 'cs1 config'; -- return global with spoof parameter name (for get_display_names()) else return local_display_names, param_name; -- return local end end --[[--------------------------< M O D E _ S E T >-------------------------------------------------------------- fetch global mode setting from {{cs1 config}} (if present) or from |mode= (if present); global setting overrides local |mode= parameter value. When both are present, emit maintenance message ]] local function mode_set (Mode, Mode_origin) local mode; if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'] then -- global setting in {{cs1 config}}; nil when empty or assigned value invalid mode = is_valid_parameter_value (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'], 'cs1 config: mode', cfg.keywords_lists['mode'], ''); -- error messaging 'param' here is a hoax else mode = is_valid_parameter_value (Mode, Mode_origin, cfg.keywords_lists['mode'], ''); end if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'] and utilities.is_set (Mode) then -- when template has |mode=<something> which global setting has overridden utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting'); -- set a maint message end return mode; end --[[--------------------------< Q U O T E _ M A K E >---------------------------------------------------------- create quotation from |quote=, |trans-quote=, and/or script-quote= with or without |quote-page= or |quote-pages= when any of those three quote parameters are set, this function unsets <PostScript>. When none of those parameters are set, |quote-page= and |quote-pages= are unset to nil so that they are not included in the template's metadata ]] local function quote_make (quote, trans_quote, script_quote, quote_page, quote_pages, nopp, sepc, postscript) if utilities.is_set (quote) or utilities.is_set (trans_quote) or utilities.is_set (script_quote) then if utilities.is_set (quote) then if quote:sub(1, 1) == '"' and quote:sub(-1, -1) == '"' then -- if first and last characters of quote are quote marks quote = quote:sub(2, -2); -- strip them off end end quote = kern_quotes (quote); -- kern if needed quote = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-text', quote ); -- wrap in <q>...</q> tags if utilities.is_set (script_quote) then quote = script_concatenate (quote, script_quote, 'script-quote'); -- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after quote is wrapped end if utilities.is_set (trans_quote) then if trans_quote:sub(1, 1) == '"' and trans_quote:sub(-1, -1) == '"' then -- if first and last characters of |trans-quote are quote marks trans_quote = trans_quote:sub(2, -2); -- strip them off end quote = quote .. " " .. utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', trans_quote ); end if utilities.is_set (quote_page) or utilities.is_set (quote_pages) then -- add page prefix local quote_prefix = ''; if utilities.is_set (quote_page) then extra_text_in_page_check (quote_page, 'quote-page'); -- add to maint cat if |quote-page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc. if not nopp then quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, quote_page}); else quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, quote_page}); end elseif utilities.is_set (quote_pages) then extra_text_in_page_check (quote_pages, 'quote-pages'); -- add to maint cat if |quote-pages= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc. if tonumber(quote_pages) ~= nil and not nopp then -- if only digits, assume single page quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, quote_pages}); elseif not nopp then quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['pp-prefix'], {sepc, quote_pages}); else quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, quote_pages}); end end quote = quote_prefix .. ": " .. quote; else quote = sepc .. " " .. quote; end postscript = ""; -- cs1|2 does not supply terminal punctuation when |quote= is set elseif utilities.is_set (quote_page) or utilities.is_set (quote_pages) then quote_page = nil; -- unset; these require |quote=; TODO: error message? quote_pages = nil; end return quote, quote_page, quote_pages, postscript; end --[[--------------------------< C H E C K _ P U B L I S H E R _ N A M E >-------------------------------------- look for variations of '<text>: <text>' that might be '<location>: <publisher>' in |publisher= parameter value. when found, emit a maintenance message; return nil else <publisher> is the value assigned to |publisher= or |institution= ]] local function check_publisher_name (publisher) local patterns_t = { '^[%w%s]+%s*:%s*[%w%s]+$', -- plain text <location>: <publisher> '^%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+%s*:%s*[%w%s]+$', -- partially wikilinked [[<location>]]: <publisher> '^[%w%s]+%s*:%s*%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+$', -- partially wikilinked <location>: [[<publisher>]] '^%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+%s*:%s*%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+$', -- wikilinked [[<location>]]: [[<publisher>]] } for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns_t) do -- spin through the patterns_t sequence if mw.ustring.match (publisher, pattern) then -- does this pattern match? utilities.set_message ('maint_publisher_location'); -- set a maint message return; -- and done end end end --[[--------------------------< I S _ P A G E _ A R T _ N U M >------------------------------------------------ compare the trailing (rightmost) characters of the |doi= value against the whole value assigned to |page(s)=. return boolean true when: |page(s)= has exactly 8 digits and a dot between the fourth and fifth digits matches the trailing 9 characters of the |doi= value: |page=12345678 → |page=1234.5678 matches |doi=10.xxxx/yyyy1234.5678 |page(s)= is 5 or more characters and matches |doi= values's trailing characters |page(s)= begins with a lowercase 'e' and |page(s)= without the 'e' matches |doi= values's trailing characters: |page=e12345 → |page=12345 matches |doi=10.xxxx/yyyy12345 |page(s)= begins with a uppercase 'CD' followed by (typically) six digits matches |doi= values that ends with 'CDxxxxxx.pubx' (where 'x' is any single digit) return nil when |page(s)= values: are ranges separated by underscore, hyphen, emdash, endash, figure dash, or minus character are comma- or semicolon-separated lists of pages have external urls (has text 'http') are digit-only values less than 10000 do not match |doi= values's trailing characters ]] local function is_page_art_num (page, doi) if not (utilities.is_set (page) and utilities.is_set (doi)) then -- both required return; -- abandon; nothing to do end if page:match ('[,;_−–—‒%-]') then -- when |page(s)= might be a page range or a separated list of pages return; -- abandon end page = page:lower(); -- because doi names are case insensitive doi = doi:lower(); -- force these to lowercase for testing if page:match ('http') then -- when |page(s)= appears to hold a url return; -- abandon end if tonumber (page) then -- is |page(s)= digits only if 10000 > tonumber (page) then -- when |page(s)= less than 10000 return; -- abandon end if doi:match (page .. '$') then -- digits only page number match the last digits in |doi=? return true; end if 8 == page:len() then -- special case when |page(s)= is exactly 8 digits local dot_page = page:gsub ('(%d%d%d%d)(%d%d%d%d)', '%1.%2'); -- make a |page=xxxx.yyyy version commonly used in |doi= if doi:match (dot_page .. '$') then -- 8-digit dotted page number match the last characters in |doi=? return true; end end else -- here when |page(s)= is alpha-numeric if 4 < page:len() then -- when |page(s)= is five or more characters if doi:match (page .. '$') then -- alpha-numeric page match the last characters in |doi=? return true; end local epage = page:match ('^e([%w]+)$'); -- if first character of |page= is 'e', remove it if epage and doi:match (epage .. '$') then -- page number match the last characters in |doi=? return true; end local cdpage = page:match ('^cd%d+$'); -- if first characters of |page= are 'CD' and last characters are digits (typically 6 digits) if cdpage and doi:match (cdpage .. '%.pub%d$') then -- page number matches doi 'CDxxxxxx.pubx' where 'x' is a digit return true; end end end end --[[--------------------------< C I T A T I O N 0 >------------------------------------------------------------ This is the main function doing the majority of the citation formatting. ]] local function citation0( config, args ) --[[ Load Input Parameters The argument_wrapper facilitates the mapping of multiple aliases to single internal variable. ]] local A = argument_wrapper ( args ); -- Pick out the relevant fields from the arguments. Different citation templates -- define different field names for the same underlying things. local author_etal; local a = {}; -- authors list from |lastn= / |firstn= pairs or |vauthors= local Authors; local NameListStyle; if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'] then -- global setting in {{cs1 config}} overrides local |name-list-style= parameter value; nil when empty or assigned value invalid NameListStyle = is_valid_parameter_value (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'], 'cs1 config: name-list-style', cfg.keywords_lists['name-list-style'], ''); -- error messaging 'param' here is a hoax else NameListStyle = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NameListStyle'], A:ORIGIN('NameListStyle'), cfg.keywords_lists['name-list-style'], ''); end if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'] and utilities.is_set (A['NameListStyle']) then -- when template has |name-list-style=<something> which global setting has overridden utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting'); -- set a maint message end local Collaboration = A['Collaboration']; do -- to limit scope of selected local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Vauthors'], A['Authors'], args, 'AuthorList'); if 1 == selected then a, author_etal = extract_names (args, 'AuthorList'); -- fetch author list from |authorn= / |lastn= / |firstn=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn= elseif 2 == selected then NameListStyle = 'vanc'; -- override whatever |name-list-style= might be a, author_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, A['Vauthors'], 'AuthorList'); -- fetch author list from |vauthors=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn= elseif 3 == selected then Authors = A['Authors']; -- use content of |people= or |credits=; |authors= is deprecated; TODO: constrain |people= and |credits= to cite av media, episode, serial? end if utilities.is_set (Collaboration) then author_etal = true; -- so that |display-authors=etal not required end end local editor_etal; local e = {}; -- editors list from |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= pairs or |veditors= do -- to limit scope of selected local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Veditors'], nil, args, 'EditorList'); -- support for |editors= withdrawn if 1 == selected then e, editor_etal = extract_names (args, 'EditorList'); -- fetch editor list from |editorn= / |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn= elseif 2 == selected then NameListStyle = 'vanc'; -- override whatever |name-list-style= might be e, editor_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, args.veditors, 'EditorList'); -- fetch editor list from |veditors=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn= end end local Chapter = A['Chapter']; -- done here so that we have access to |contribution= from |chapter= and |script-chapter= aliases local Chapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('Chapter'); local ScriptChapter = A['ScriptChapter']; local ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptChapter'); local Contribution; -- because contribution is required for contributor(s) if 'contribution' == Chapter_origin then -- is there a |contribution= parameter? Contribution = Chapter; -- get the name of the contribution elseif 'script-contribution' == ScriptChapter_origin then -- no, so is there a |script-contribution= parameter? Contribution = ScriptChapter; -- get the name of the contribution end local c = {}; -- contributors list from |contributor-lastn= / contributor-firstn= pairs if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {"book", "citation"}) and not utilities.is_set (A['Periodical']) then -- |contributor= and |contribution= only supported in book cites c = extract_names (args, 'ContributorList'); -- fetch contributor list from |contributorn= / |contributor-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn= if 0 < #c then if not utilities.is_set (Contribution) then -- |contributor= requires |contribution= utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_missing_required_param', 'contribution'); -- add missing contribution error message c = {}; -- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later end if 0 == #a then -- |contributor= requires |author= utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_missing_required_param', 'author'); -- add missing author error message c = {}; -- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later end end else -- if not a book cite if utilities.select_one (args, cfg.aliases['ContributorList-Last'], 'err_redundant_parameters', 1 ) then -- are there contributor name list parameters? utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_ignored'); -- add contributor ignored error message end Contribution = nil; -- unset end local Title = A['Title']; local TitleLink = A['TitleLink']; local auto_select = ''; -- default is auto local accept_link; TitleLink, accept_link = utilities.has_accept_as_written (TitleLink, true); -- test for accept-this-as-written markup if (not accept_link) and utilities.in_array (TitleLink, {'none', 'pmc', 'doi'}) then -- check for special keywords auto_select = TitleLink; -- remember selection for later TitleLink = ''; -- treat as if |title-link= would have been empty end TitleLink = link_title_ok (TitleLink, A:ORIGIN ('TitleLink'), Title, 'title'); -- check for wiki-markup in |title-link= or wiki-markup in |title= when |title-link= is set local Section = ''; -- {{cite map}} only; preset to empty string for concatenation if not used if 'map' == config.CitationClass and 'section' == Chapter_origin then Section = A['Chapter']; -- get |section= from |chapter= alias list; |chapter= and the other aliases not supported in {{cite map}} Chapter = ''; -- unset for now; will be reset later from |map= if present end local Periodical = A['Periodical']; local Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('Periodical'); local ScriptPeriodical = A['ScriptPeriodical']; local ScriptPeriodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptPeriodical'); local TransPeriodical = A['TransPeriodical']; local TransPeriodical_origin = A:ORIGIN ('TransPeriodical'); if (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'book', 'encyclopaedia'}) and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) or utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical))) then local param; if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then -- get a parameter name from one of these periodical related meta-parameters Periodical = ''; -- unset because not valid {{cite book}} or {{cite encyclopedia}} parameters param = Periodical_origin -- get parameter name for error messaging elseif utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical) then TransPeriodical = ''; -- unset because not valid {{cite book}} or {{cite encyclopedia}} parameters param = TransPeriodical_origin; -- get parameter name for error messaging elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) then ScriptPeriodical = ''; -- unset because not valid {{cite book}} or {{cite encyclopedia}} parameters param = ScriptPeriodical_origin; -- get parameter name for error messaging end if utilities.is_set (param) then -- if we found one utilities.set_message ('err_periodical_ignored', {param}); -- emit an error message end end if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then local i; Periodical, i = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (Periodical); -- strip apostrophe markup so that metadata isn't contaminated if i then -- non-zero when markup was stripped so emit an error message utilities.set_message ('err_apostrophe_markup', {Periodical_origin}); end end if 'mailinglist' == config.CitationClass then -- special case for {{cite mailing list}} if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.is_set (A ['MailingList']) then -- both set emit an error TODO: make a function for this and similar? utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', Periodical_origin) .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'mailinglist')}); end Periodical = A ['MailingList']; -- error or no, set Periodical to |mailinglist= value because this template is {{cite mailing list}} Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('MailingList'); end -- web and news not tested for now because of -- Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard#Is_there_a_semi-automated_tool_that_could_fix_these_annoying_"Cite_Web"_errors? if not (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) then -- 'periodical' templates require periodical parameter -- local p = {['journal'] = 'journal', ['magazine'] = 'magazine', ['news'] = 'newspaper', ['web'] = 'website'}; -- for error message local p = {['journal'] = 'journal', ['magazine'] = 'magazine'}; -- for error message if p[config.CitationClass] then utilities.set_message ('err_missing_periodical', {config.CitationClass, p[config.CitationClass]}); end end local Volume; if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then if not utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, cfg.citation_no_volume_t) then -- {{citation}} does not render |volume= when these parameters are used Volume = A['Volume']; -- but does for all other 'periodicals' end elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) then if 'script-website' ~= ScriptPeriodical_origin then -- {{citation}} does not render volume for |script-website= Volume = A['Volume']; -- but does for all other 'periodicals' end else Volume = A['Volume']; -- and does for non-'periodical' cites end elseif utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_volume) then -- render |volume= for cs1 according to the configuration settings Volume = A['Volume']; end extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (Volume, A:ORIGIN ('Volume'), 'v'); local Issue; if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, cfg.citation_issue_t) then -- {{citation}} may render |issue= when these parameters are used Issue = A['Issue']; end elseif utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_issue) then -- conference & map books do not support issue; {{citation}} listed here because included in settings table if not (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'conference', 'map', 'citation'}) and not (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical))) then Issue = A['Issue']; end end local ArticleNumber; if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'conference'}) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Periodical) and 'journal' == Periodical_origin) then ArticleNumber = A['ArticleNumber']; end extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (Issue, A:ORIGIN ('Issue'), 'i'); Issue = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (Issue); local Page; local Pages; local At; local QuotePage; local QuotePages; if not utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_not_using_page) then -- TODO: rewrite to emit ignored parameter error message? Page = A['Page']; Pages = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['Pages']); At = A['At']; QuotePage = A['QuotePage']; QuotePages = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['QuotePages']); end local NoPP = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NoPP'], A:ORIGIN('NoPP'), cfg.keywords_lists['yes_true_y'], nil); local Mode = mode_set (A['Mode'], A:ORIGIN('Mode')); -- separator character and postscript local sepc, PostScript = set_style (Mode:lower(), A['PostScript'], config.CitationClass); local Quote; Quote, QuotePage, QuotePages, PostScript = quote_make (A['Quote'], A['TransQuote'], A['ScriptQuote'], QuotePage, QuotePages, NoPP, sepc, PostScript); local Edition = A['Edition']; local PublicationPlace = place_check (A['PublicationPlace'], A:ORIGIN('PublicationPlace')); local Place = place_check (A['Place'], A:ORIGIN('Place')); local PublisherName = A['PublisherName']; local PublisherName_origin = A:ORIGIN('PublisherName'); if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) and (cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] ~= PublisherName) then local i; PublisherName, i = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (PublisherName); -- strip apostrophe markup so that metadata isn't contaminated; publisher is never italicized if i and (0 < i) then -- non-zero when markup was stripped so emit an error message utilities.set_message ('err_apostrophe_markup', {PublisherName_origin}); end end if ('document' == config.CitationClass) and not utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then utilities.set_message ('err_missing_publisher', {config.CitationClass, 'publisher'}); end local Newsgroup = A['Newsgroup']; -- TODO: strip apostrophe markup? local Newsgroup_origin = A:ORIGIN('Newsgroup'); if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass then if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) and (cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] ~= PublisherName) then -- general use parameter |publisher= not allowed in cite newsgroup utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {PublisherName_origin}); end PublisherName = nil; -- ensure that this parameter is unset for the time being; will be used again after COinS end if 'book' == config.CitationClass or 'encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and not utilities.is_set (Periodical)) then local accept; PublisherName, accept = utilities.has_accept_as_written (PublisherName); -- check for and remove accept-as-written markup from |publisher= wrapped if not accept then -- when no accept-as-written markup check_publisher_name (PublisherName); -- emit maint message when |publisher= might be prefixed with publisher's location end end local URL = A['URL']; -- TODO: better way to do this for URL, ChapterURL, and MapURL? local UrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['UrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('UrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil); if not utilities.is_set (URL) and utilities.is_set (UrlAccess) then UrlAccess = nil; utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', 'url'); end local ChapterURL = A['ChapterURL']; local ChapterUrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['ChapterUrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('ChapterUrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil); if not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) and utilities.is_set (ChapterUrlAccess) then ChapterUrlAccess = nil; utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {A:ORIGIN('ChapterUrlAccess'):gsub ('%-access', '')}); end local MapUrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['MapUrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('MapUrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil); if not utilities.is_set (A['MapURL']) and utilities.is_set (MapUrlAccess) then MapUrlAccess = nil; utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {'map-url'}); end local this_page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle(); -- also used for COinS and for language local no_tracking_cats = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NoTracking'], A:ORIGIN('NoTracking'), cfg.keywords_lists['yes_true_y'], nil); -- check this page to see if it is in one of the namespaces that cs1 is not supposed to add to the error categories if not utilities.is_set (no_tracking_cats) then -- ignore if we are already not going to categorize this page if cfg.uncategorized_namespaces[this_page.namespace] then -- is this page's namespace id one of the uncategorized namespace ids? no_tracking_cats = "true"; -- set no_tracking_cats end for _, v in ipairs (cfg.uncategorized_subpages) do -- cycle through page name patterns if this_page.text:match (v) then -- test page name against each pattern no_tracking_cats = "true"; -- set no_tracking_cats break; -- bail out if one is found end end end -- check for extra |page=, |pages= or |at= parameters. (also sheet and sheets while we're at it) utilities.select_one (args, {'page', 'p', 'pp', 'pages', 'at', 'sheet', 'sheets'}, 'err_redundant_parameters'); -- this is a dummy call simply to get the error message and category local coins_pages; Page, Pages, At, coins_pages = insource_loc_get (Page, A:ORIGIN('Page'), Pages, A:ORIGIN('Pages'), At); if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) and utilities.is_set (Place) then -- both |publication-place= and |place= (|location=) allowed if different utilities.add_prop_cat ('location-test'); -- add property cat to evaluate how often PublicationPlace and Place are used together if PublicationPlace == Place then Place = ''; -- unset; don't need both if they are the same end elseif not utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) and utilities.is_set (Place) then -- when only |place= (|location=) is set ... PublicationPlace = Place; -- promote |place= (|location=) to |publication-place end if PublicationPlace == Place then Place = ''; end -- don't need both if they are the same local URL_origin = A:ORIGIN('URL'); -- get name of parameter that holds URL local ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ChapterURL'); -- get name of parameter that holds ChapterURL -- local ScriptChapter = A['ScriptChapter']; -- local ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptChapter'); local Format = A['Format']; local ChapterFormat = A['ChapterFormat']; local TransChapter = A['TransChapter']; local TransChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('TransChapter'); local TransTitle = A['TransTitle']; local ScriptTitle = A['ScriptTitle']; --[[ Parameter remapping for cite encyclopedia: When the citation has these parameters: |encyclopedia= and |title= then map |title= to |article= and |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering |encyclopedia= and |article= then map |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering |trans-title= maps to |trans-chapter= when |title= is re-mapped |url= maps to |chapter-url= when |title= is remapped All other combinations of |encyclopedia=, |title=, and |article= are not modified ]] local Encyclopedia = A['Encyclopedia']; -- used as a flag by this module and by ~/COinS local ScriptEncyclopedia = A['ScriptEncyclopedia']; local TransEncyclopedia = A['TransEncyclopedia']; if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) or utilities.is_set (ScriptEncyclopedia) then -- emit error message when Encyclopedia set but template is other than {{cite encyclopedia}} or {{citation}} if 'encyclopaedia' ~= config.CitationClass and 'citation' ~= config.CitationClass then if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) then utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {A:ORIGIN ('Encyclopedia')}); else utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {A:ORIGIN ('ScriptEncyclopedia')}); end Encyclopedia = nil; -- unset these because not supported by this template ScriptEncyclopedia = nil; TransEncyclopedia = nil; end elseif utilities.is_set (TransEncyclopedia) then utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'encyclopedia'}); end if ('encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) then -- when both parameters set emit an error message; {{citation}} only; Periodical not allowed in {{cite encyclopedia}} utilities.set_message ('err_periodical_ignored', {Periodical_origin}); end if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) or utilities.is_set (ScriptEncyclopedia) then Periodical = Encyclopedia; -- error or no, set Periodical to Encyclopedia for rendering; {{citation}} could (not legitimately) have both; use Encyclopedia Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN ('Encyclopedia'); ScriptPeriodical = ScriptEncyclopedia; ScriptPeriodical_origin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptEncyclopedia'); if utilities.is_set (Title) or utilities.is_set (ScriptTitle) then if not utilities.is_set (Chapter) then Chapter = Title; -- |encyclopedia= and |title= are set so map |title= params to |article= params for rendering ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle; ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptTitle') TransChapter = TransTitle; ChapterURL = URL; ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin; ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess; ChapterFormat = Format; if not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) and utilities.is_set (TitleLink) then Chapter = utilities.make_wikilink (TitleLink, Chapter); end Title = Periodical; -- now map |encyclopedia= params to |title= params for rendering ScriptTitle = ScriptPeriodical or ''; TransTitle = TransEncyclopedia or ''; Periodical = ''; -- redundant so unset ScriptPeriodical = ''; URL = ''; Format = ''; TitleLink = ''; end elseif utilities.is_set (Chapter) or utilities.is_set (ScriptChapter) then -- |title= not set Title = Periodical; -- |encyclopedia= set and |article= set so map |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering ScriptTitle = ScriptPeriodical or ''; TransTitle = TransEncyclopedia or ''; Periodical = ''; -- redundant so unset ScriptPeriodical = ''; end end end -- special case for cite techreport. local ID = A['ID']; if (config.CitationClass == "techreport") then -- special case for cite techreport if utilities.is_set (A['Number']) then -- cite techreport uses 'number', which other citations alias to 'issue' if not utilities.is_set (ID) then -- can we use ID for the "number"? ID = A['Number']; -- yes, use it else -- ID has a value so emit error message utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'id') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'number')}); end end end -- Account for the oddity that is {{cite conference}}, before generation of COinS data. local ChapterLink -- = A['ChapterLink']; -- deprecated as a parameter but still used internally by cite episode local Conference = A['Conference']; local BookTitle = A['BookTitle']; local TransTitle_origin = A:ORIGIN ('TransTitle'); if 'conference' == config.CitationClass then if utilities.is_set (BookTitle) then Chapter = Title; Chapter_origin = 'title'; -- ChapterLink = TitleLink; -- |chapter-link= is deprecated ChapterURL = URL; ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess; ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin; URL_origin = ''; ChapterFormat = Format; TransChapter = TransTitle; TransChapter_origin = TransTitle_origin; Title = BookTitle; Format = ''; -- TitleLink = ''; TransTitle = ''; URL = ''; end elseif 'speech' ~= config.CitationClass then Conference = ''; -- not cite conference or cite speech so make sure this is empty string end local cs2_lower = function (text) -- if mode is cs2, use lower case if (sepc ~= '.') then return text:lower(); end return text; end local use_lowercase = ( sepc == ',' ); -- controls capitalization of certain static text -- cite map oddities local Cartography = ""; local Scale = ""; local Sheet = A['Sheet'] or ''; local Sheets = A['Sheets'] or ''; if config.CitationClass == "map" then if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then --TODO: make a function for this and similar? utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'map') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', Chapter_origin)}); -- add error message end Chapter = A['Map']; Chapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('Map'); -- for now, ignore linter warning ChapterURL = A['MapURL']; ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('MapURL'); TransChapter = A['TransMap']; ScriptChapter = A['ScriptMap'] ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptMap') ChapterUrlAccess = MapUrlAccess; ChapterFormat = A['MapFormat']; Cartography = A['Cartography']; if utilities.is_set ( Cartography ) then Cartography = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('cartography', Cartography, use_lowercase); end Scale = A['Scale']; if utilities.is_set ( Scale ) then Scale = sepc .. " " .. Scale; end end -- Account for the oddities that are {{cite episode}} and {{cite serial}}, before generation of COinS data. local Series = A['Series']; if 'episode' == config.CitationClass or 'serial' == config.CitationClass then local SeriesLink = A['SeriesLink']; SeriesLink = link_title_ok (SeriesLink, A:ORIGIN ('SeriesLink'), Series, 'series'); -- check for wiki-markup in |series-link= or wiki-markup in |series= when |series-link= is set local Network = A['Network']; local Station = A['Station']; local s, n = {}, {}; -- do common parameters first if utilities.is_set (Network) then table.insert(n, Network); end if utilities.is_set (Station) then table.insert(n, Station); end ID = table.concat(n, sepc .. ' '); if 'episode' == config.CitationClass then -- handle the oddities that are strictly {{cite episode}} local Season = A['Season']; local SeriesNumber = A['SeriesNumber']; if utilities.is_set (Season) and utilities.is_set (SeriesNumber) then -- these are mutually exclusive so if both are set TODO: make a function for this and similar? utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'season') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'seriesno')}); -- add error message SeriesNumber = ''; -- unset; prefer |season= over |seriesno= end -- assemble a table of parts concatenated later into Series if utilities.is_set (Season) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('season', Season, use_lowercase)); end if utilities.is_set (SeriesNumber) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('seriesnum', SeriesNumber, use_lowercase)); end if utilities.is_set (Issue) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('episode', Issue, use_lowercase)); end Issue = ''; -- unset because this is not a unique parameter Chapter = Title; -- promote title parameters to chapter ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle; ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptTitle'); ChapterLink = TitleLink; -- alias |episode-link= TransChapter = TransTitle; ChapterURL = URL; ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess; ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin; ChapterFormat = Format; Title = Series; -- promote series to title TitleLink = SeriesLink; Series = table.concat(s, sepc .. ' '); -- this is concatenation of season, seriesno, episode number if utilities.is_set (ChapterLink) and not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then -- link but not URL Chapter = utilities.make_wikilink (ChapterLink, Chapter); elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterLink) and utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then -- if both are set, URL links episode; Series = utilities.make_wikilink (ChapterLink, Series); end URL = ''; -- unset TransTitle = ''; ScriptTitle = ''; Format = ''; else -- now oddities that are cite serial Issue = ''; -- unset because this parameter no longer supported by the citation/core version of cite serial Chapter = A['Episode']; -- TODO: make |episode= available to cite episode someday? if utilities.is_set (Series) and utilities.is_set (SeriesLink) then Series = utilities.make_wikilink (SeriesLink, Series); end Series = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', Series); -- series is italicized end end -- end of {{cite episode}} stuff -- handle type parameter for those CS1 citations that have default values local TitleType = A['TitleType']; local Degree = A['Degree']; if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'AV-media-notes', 'document', 'interview', 'mailinglist', 'map', 'podcast', 'pressrelease', 'report', 'speech', 'techreport', 'thesis'}) then TitleType = set_titletype (config.CitationClass, TitleType); if utilities.is_set (Degree) and "Thesis" == TitleType then -- special case for cite thesis TitleType = Degree .. ' ' .. cfg.title_types ['thesis']:lower(); end end if utilities.is_set (TitleType) then -- if type parameter is specified TitleType = utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages['type'], TitleType); -- display it in parentheses -- TODO: Hack on TitleType to fix bunched parentheses problem end -- legacy: promote PublicationDate to Date if neither Date nor Year are set. local Date = A['Date']; local Date_origin; -- to hold the name of parameter promoted to Date; required for date error messaging local PublicationDate = A['PublicationDate']; local Year = A['Year']; if utilities.is_set (Year) then validation.year_check (Year); -- returns nothing; emits maint message when |year= doesn't hold a 'year' value end if not utilities.is_set (Date) then Date = Year; -- promote Year to Date Year = nil; -- make nil so Year as empty string isn't used for CITEREF if not utilities.is_set (Date) and utilities.is_set (PublicationDate) then -- use PublicationDate when |date= and |year= are not set Date = PublicationDate; -- promote PublicationDate to Date PublicationDate = ''; -- unset, no longer needed Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('PublicationDate'); -- save the name of the promoted parameter else Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('Year'); -- save the name of the promoted parameter end else Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('Date'); -- not a promotion; name required for error messaging end if PublicationDate == Date then PublicationDate = ''; end -- if PublicationDate is same as Date, don't display in rendered citation --[[ Go test all of the date-holding parameters for valid MOS:DATE format and make sure that dates are real dates. This must be done before we do COinS because here is where we get the date used in the metadata. Date validation supporting code is in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation ]] local DF = is_valid_parameter_value (A['DF'], A:ORIGIN('DF'), cfg.keywords_lists['df'], ''); if not utilities.is_set (DF) then DF = cfg.global_df; -- local |df= if present overrides global df set by {{use xxx date}} template end local ArchiveURL; local ArchiveDate; local ArchiveFormat = A['ArchiveFormat']; local archive_url_timestamp; -- timestamp from wayback machine url ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, archive_url_timestamp = archive_url_check (A['ArchiveURL'], A['ArchiveDate']) ArchiveFormat = style_format (ArchiveFormat, ArchiveURL, 'archive-format', 'archive-url'); ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate = is_unique_archive_url (ArchiveURL, URL, ChapterURL, A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL'), ArchiveDate); -- add error message when URL or ChapterURL == ArchiveURL local AccessDate = A['AccessDate']; local COinS_date = {}; -- holds date info extracted from |date= for the COinS metadata by Module:Date verification local DoiBroken = A['DoiBroken']; local Embargo = A['Embargo']; local anchor_year; -- used in the CITEREF identifier do -- create defined block to contain local variables date_parameters_list, mismatch local date_parameters_list = { -- AirDate has been promoted to Date so not necessary to check it ['access-date'] = {val = AccessDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('AccessDate')}, ['archive-date'] = {val = ArchiveDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('ArchiveDate')}, ['date'] = {val = Date, name = Date_origin}, ['doi-broken-date'] = {val = DoiBroken, name = A:ORIGIN ('DoiBroken')}, ['pmc-embargo-date'] = {val = Embargo, name = A:ORIGIN ('Embargo')}, ['publication-date'] = {val = PublicationDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('PublicationDate')}, ['year'] = {val = Year, name = A:ORIGIN ('Year')}, }; local error_list = {}; anchor_year, Embargo = validation.dates(date_parameters_list, COinS_date, error_list); if utilities.is_set (Year) and utilities.is_set (Date) then -- both |date= and |year= not normally needed; validation.year_date_check (Year, A:ORIGIN ('Year'), Date, A:ORIGIN ('Date'), error_list); end if 0 == #error_list then -- error free dates only; 0 when error_list is empty local modified = false; -- flag if utilities.is_set (DF) then -- if we need to reformat dates modified = validation.reformat_dates (date_parameters_list, DF); -- reformat to DF format, use long month names if appropriate end if true == validation.date_hyphen_to_dash (date_parameters_list) then -- convert hyphens to dashes where appropriate modified = true; utilities.set_message ('maint_date_format'); -- hyphens were converted so add maint category end -- for those wikis that can and want to have English date names translated to the local language; not supported at en.wiki if cfg.date_name_auto_xlate_enable and validation.date_name_xlate (date_parameters_list, cfg.date_digit_auto_xlate_enable ) then utilities.set_message ('maint_date_auto_xlated'); -- add maint cat modified = true; end if modified then -- if the date_parameters_list values were modified AccessDate = date_parameters_list['access-date'].val; -- overwrite date holding parameters with modified values ArchiveDate = date_parameters_list['archive-date'].val; Date = date_parameters_list['date'].val; DoiBroken = date_parameters_list['doi-broken-date'].val; PublicationDate = date_parameters_list['publication-date'].val; end if archive_url_timestamp and utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then validation.archive_date_check (ArchiveDate, archive_url_timestamp, DF); -- does YYYYMMDD in archive_url_timestamp match date in ArchiveDate end else utilities.set_message ('err_bad_date', {utilities.make_sep_list (#error_list, error_list)}); -- add this error message end end -- end of do if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'book', 'encyclopaedia'}) or -- {{cite book}}, {{cite encyclopedia}}; TODO: {{cite conference}} and others? ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) or -- {{citation}} as an encylopedia citation ('citation' == config.CitationClass and not utilities.is_set (Periodical)) then -- {{citation}} as a book citation if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then if not utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then local date = COinS_date.rftdate and tonumber (COinS_date.rftdate:match ('%d%d%d%d')); -- get year portion of COinS date (because in Arabic numerals); convert string to number if date and (1850 <= date) then -- location has no publisher; if date is 1850 or later utilities.set_message ('maint_location_no_publisher'); -- add maint cat end else -- PublisherName has a value if cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] == PublisherName then -- if that value is 'none' (only for book and encyclopedia citations) PublisherName = ''; -- unset end end end end local ID_list_t; -- sequence table of rendered identifiers local ID_list_coins_t; -- table of identifiers and their values from args; key is same as cfg.id_handlers's key local Class = A['Class']; -- arxiv class identifier local ID_support = { {A['ASINTLD'], 'ASIN', 'err_asintld_missing_asin', A:ORIGIN ('ASINTLD')}, {DoiBroken, 'DOI', 'err_doibroken_missing_doi', A:ORIGIN ('DoiBroken')}, {Embargo, 'PMC', 'err_embargo_missing_pmc', A:ORIGIN ('Embargo')}, } ID_list_t, ID_list_coins_t = identifiers.identifier_lists_get (args, { DoiBroken = DoiBroken, -- for |doi= ASINTLD = A['ASINTLD'], -- for |asin= Embargo = Embargo, -- for |pmc= Class = Class, -- for |arxiv= CitationClass = config.CitationClass, -- for |arxiv= Year=anchor_year, -- for |isbn= }, ID_support); for _, id in ipairs (ID_list_t) do -- search through the ID_list_t sequence looking for an ISBN identifier string if id:find ('ISBN', 3, true) then -- plain find, start at index 3 ([[ISBN) if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then -- catch ve/citoid malformed book cites in {{citation}} templates if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then -- when a |work= alias is set utilities.set_message ('maint_work_isbn'); -- add maint cat break; -- and abandon end elseif ({['journal'] = true, ['magazine'] = true, ['news'] = true, ['web'] = true})[config.CitationClass] then utilities.set_message ('maint_periodical_has_isbn'); -- add maint cat break; -- and abandon end end end -- if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then -- catch ve/citoid malformed book cites in {{citation}} templates -- for _, id in ipairs (ID_list_t) do -- search through the ID_list_t sequence looking for an ISBN identifier string -- if id:find ('ISBN', 3, true) then -- plain find, start at index 3 ([[ISBN) -- if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then -- when a |work= alias is set -- utilities.set_message ('maint_work_isbn'); -- add maint cat -- end -- end -- end -- end -- Account for the oddities that are {{cite arxiv}}, {{cite biorxiv}}, {{cite citeseerx}}, {{cite medrxiv}}, {{cite ssrn}}, before generation of COinS data. if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then -- |arxiv= or |eprint= required for cite arxiv; |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |medrxiv=, |ssrn= required for their templates if not (args[cfg.id_handlers[config.CitationClass:upper()].parameters[1]] or -- can't use ID_list_coins_t k/v table here because invalid parameters omitted args[cfg.id_handlers[config.CitationClass:upper()].parameters[2]]) then -- which causes unexpected parameter missing error message utilities.set_message ('err_' .. config.CitationClass .. '_missing'); -- add error message end Periodical = ({['arxiv'] = 'arXiv', ['biorxiv'] = 'bioRxiv', ['citeseerx'] = 'CiteSeerX', ['medrxiv'] = 'medRxiv', ['ssrn'] = 'Social Science Research Network'})[config.CitationClass]; end -- Link the title of the work if no |url= was provided, but we have a |pmc= or a |doi= with |doi-access=free if config.CitationClass == "journal" and not utilities.is_set (URL) and not utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and not utilities.in_array (cfg.keywords_xlate[Title], {'off', 'none'}) then -- TODO: remove 'none' once existing citations have been switched to 'off', so 'none' can be used as token for "no title" instead if 'none' ~= cfg.keywords_xlate[auto_select] then -- if auto-linking not disabled if identifiers.auto_link_urls[auto_select] then -- manual selection URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls[auto_select]; -- set URL to be the same as identifier's external link URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers[auto_select:upper()].parameters[1]; -- set URL_origin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title= elseif identifiers.auto_link_urls['pmc'] then -- auto-select PMC URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls['pmc']; -- set URL to be the same as the PMC external link if not embargoed URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].parameters[1]; -- set URL_origin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title= elseif identifiers.auto_link_urls['doi'] then -- auto-select DOI URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls['doi']; URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers['DOI'].parameters[1]; end end if utilities.is_set (URL) then -- set when using an identifier-created URL if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) then -- |access-date= requires |url=; identifier-created URL is not |url= utilities.set_message ('err_accessdate_missing_url'); -- add an error message AccessDate = ''; -- unset end if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then -- |archive-url= requires |url=; identifier-created URL is not |url= utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url'); -- add an error message ArchiveURL = ''; -- unset end end end -- At this point fields may be nil if they weren't specified in the template use. We can use that fact. -- Test if citation has no title if not utilities.is_set (Title) and not utilities.is_set (TransTitle) and not utilities.is_set (ScriptTitle) then -- has special case for cite episode utilities.set_message ('err_citation_missing_title', {'episode' == config.CitationClass and 'series' or 'title'}); end if utilities.in_array (cfg.keywords_xlate[Title], {'off', 'none'}) and utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'citation'}) and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and ('journal' == Periodical_origin or 'script-journal' == ScriptPeriodical_origin) then -- special case for journal cites Title = ''; -- set title to empty string utilities.set_message ('maint_untitled'); -- add maint cat end if 'journal' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Periodical) and 'journal' == Periodical_origin) then if is_page_art_num (((utilities.is_set (Page) and Page) or (utilities.is_set (Pages) and Pages)) or nil, ID_list_coins_t['DOI']) then -- does |page(s)= look like it holds an article number utilities.set_message ('maint_page_art_num'); -- add maint cat end end -- COinS metadata (see <http://ocoins.info/>) for automated parsing of citation information. -- handle the oddity that is cite encyclopedia and {{citation |encyclopedia=something}}. Here we presume that -- when Periodical, Title, and Chapter are all set, then Periodical is the book (encyclopedia) title, Title -- is the article title, and Chapter is a section within the article. So, we remap local coins_chapter = Chapter; -- default assuming that remapping not required local coins_title = Title; -- et tu if 'encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then if utilities.is_set (Chapter) and utilities.is_set (Title) and utilities.is_set (Periodical) then -- if all are used then coins_chapter = Title; -- remap coins_title = Periodical; end end local coins_author = a; -- default for coins rft.au if 0 < #c then -- but if contributor list coins_author = c; -- use that instead end -- this is the function call to COinS() local OCinSoutput = metadata.COinS({ ['Periodical'] = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (Periodical), -- no markup in the metadata ['Encyclopedia'] = Encyclopedia, -- just a flag; content ignored by ~/COinS ['Chapter'] = metadata.make_coins_title (coins_chapter, ScriptChapter), -- Chapter and ScriptChapter stripped of bold / italic / accept-as-written markup ['Degree'] = Degree; -- cite thesis only ['Title'] = metadata.make_coins_title (coins_title, ScriptTitle), -- Title and ScriptTitle stripped of bold / italic / accept-as-written markup ['PublicationPlace'] = PublicationPlace, ['Date'] = COinS_date.rftdate, -- COinS_date.* has correctly formatted date values if Date is valid; ['Season'] = COinS_date.rftssn, ['Quarter'] = COinS_date.rftquarter, ['Chron'] = COinS_date.rftchron, ['Series'] = Series, ['Volume'] = Volume, ['Issue'] = Issue, ['ArticleNumber'] = ArticleNumber, ['Pages'] = coins_pages or metadata.get_coins_pages (first_set ({Sheet, Sheets, Page, Pages, At, QuotePage, QuotePages}, 7)), -- pages stripped of external links ['Edition'] = Edition, ['PublisherName'] = PublisherName or Newsgroup, -- any apostrophe markup already removed from PublisherName ['URL'] = first_set ({ChapterURL, URL}, 2), ['Authors'] = coins_author, ['ID_list'] = ID_list_coins_t, ['RawPage'] = this_page.prefixedText, }, config.CitationClass); -- Account for the oddities that are {{cite arxiv}}, {{cite biorxiv}}, {{cite citeseerx}}, {{cite medrxiv}}, and {{cite ssrn}} AFTER generation of COinS data. if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then -- we have set rft.jtitle in COinS to arXiv, bioRxiv, CiteSeerX, medRxiv, or ssrn now unset so it isn't displayed Periodical = ''; -- periodical not allowed in these templates; if article has been published, use cite journal end -- special case for cite newsgroup. Do this after COinS because we are modifying Publishername to include some static text if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Newsgroup) then PublisherName = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['newsgroup'], external_link( 'news:' .. Newsgroup, Newsgroup, Newsgroup_origin, nil )); end local Editors; local EditorCount; -- used only for choosing {ed.) or (eds.) annotation at end of editor name-list local Contributors; -- assembled contributors name list local contributor_etal = nil; -- must be intentionally initialized local Translators; -- assembled translators name list local translator_etal = nil; -- must be intentionally initialized local t = extract_names (args, 'TranslatorList'); -- fetch translator list from |translatorn= / |translator-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn= local Interviewers; local interviewers_list = extract_names (args, 'InterviewerList'); -- process preferred interviewers parameters local interviewer_etal = nil; -- must be intentionally initialized -- Now perform various field substitutions. -- We also add leading spaces and surrounding markup and punctuation to the -- various parts of the citation, but only when they are non-nil. do local last_first_list; local control = { format = NameListStyle, -- empty string, '&', 'amp', 'and', or 'vanc' maximum = nil, -- as if display-authors or display-editors not set mode = Mode }; do -- do editor name list first because the now unsupported coauthors used to modify control table local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayEditors'], A['DisplayEditors'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayEditors'), #e); control.maximum, editor_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #e, editor_etal, param); Editors, EditorCount = list_people (control, e, editor_etal); if 1 == EditorCount and (true == editor_etal or 1 < #e) then -- only one editor displayed but includes etal then EditorCount = 2; -- spoof to display (eds.) annotation end end do -- now do interviewers local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayInterviewers'], A['DisplayInterviewers'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayInterviewers'), #interviewers_list); control.maximum, interviewer_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #interviewers_list, interviewer_etal, param); Interviewers = list_people (control, interviewers_list, interviewer_etal); end do -- now do translators local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayTranslators'], A['DisplayTranslators'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayTranslators'), #t); control.maximum, translator_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #t, translator_etal, param); Translators = list_people (control, t, translator_etal); end do -- now do contributors local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayContributors'], A['DisplayContributors'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayContributors'), #c); control.maximum, contributor_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #c, contributor_etal, param); Contributors = list_people (control, c, contributor_etal); end do -- now do authors local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayAuthors'], A['DisplayAuthors'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayAuthors'), #a, author_etal); control.maximum, author_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #a, author_etal, param); last_first_list = list_people (control, a, author_etal); if utilities.is_set (Authors) then Authors, author_etal = name_has_etal (Authors, author_etal, false, 'authors'); -- find and remove variations on et al. if author_etal then Authors = Authors .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['et al']; -- add et al. to authors parameter end else Authors = last_first_list; -- either an author name list or an empty string end end -- end of do if utilities.is_set (Authors) and utilities.is_set (Collaboration) then Authors = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['collaboration'], {Authors, Collaboration}); -- add collaboration after et al. end end local ConferenceFormat = A['ConferenceFormat']; local ConferenceURL = A['ConferenceURL']; ConferenceFormat = style_format (ConferenceFormat, ConferenceURL, 'conference-format', 'conference-url'); Format = style_format (Format, URL, 'format', 'url'); -- special case for chapter format so no error message or cat when chapter not supported if not (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia))) then ChapterFormat = style_format (ChapterFormat, ChapterURL, 'chapter-format', 'chapter-url'); end if not utilities.is_set (URL) then if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {"web", "podcast", "mailinglist"}) or -- |url= required for {{cite web}}, {{cite podcast}}, and {{cite mailing list}} ('citation' == config.CitationClass and ('website' == Periodical_origin or 'script-website' == ScriptPeriodical_origin)) then -- and required for {{citation}} with |website= or |script-website= if not url_was_archive_today then -- is <URL> empty/missing because it was a deprecated archive.today url utilities.set_message ('err_cite_web_url'); -- no; emit an error message for an empty/ missing |url= end end -- do we have |accessdate= without either |url= or |chapter-url=? if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) and not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then -- ChapterURL may be set when URL is not set; utilities.set_message ('err_accessdate_missing_url'); AccessDate = ''; end end local UrlStatus = is_valid_parameter_value (A['UrlStatus'], A:ORIGIN('UrlStatus'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-status'], ''); local OriginalURL local OriginalURL_origin local OriginalFormat local OriginalAccess; UrlStatus = UrlStatus:lower(); -- used later when assembling archived text if utilities.is_set ( ArchiveURL ) then if utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then -- if chapter-url= is set apply archive url to it OriginalURL = ChapterURL; -- save copy of source chapter's url for archive text OriginalURL_origin = ChapterURL_origin; -- name of |chapter-url= parameter for error messages OriginalFormat = ChapterFormat; -- and original |chapter-format= if 'live' ~= UrlStatus then ChapterURL = ArchiveURL -- swap-in the archive's URL ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL') -- name of |archive-url= parameter for error messages ChapterFormat = ArchiveFormat or ''; -- swap in archive's format ChapterUrlAccess = nil; -- restricted access levels do not make sense for archived URLs end elseif utilities.is_set (URL) then OriginalURL = URL; -- save copy of original source URL OriginalURL_origin = URL_origin; -- name of URL parameter for error messages OriginalFormat = Format; -- and original |format= OriginalAccess = UrlAccess; if 'live' ~= UrlStatus then -- if URL set then |archive-url= applies to it URL = ArchiveURL -- swap-in the archive's URL URL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL') -- name of archive URL parameter for error messages Format = ArchiveFormat or ''; -- swap in archive's format UrlAccess = nil; -- restricted access levels do not make sense for archived URLs end end elseif utilities.is_set (UrlStatus) then -- if |url-status= is set when |archive-url= is not set utilities.set_message ('maint_url_status'); -- add maint cat end if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or -- if any of the 'periodical' cites except encyclopedia ('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then local chap_param; if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then -- get a parameter name from one of these chapter related meta-parameters chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('Chapter') elseif utilities.is_set (TransChapter) then chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('TransChapter') elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterURL') elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptChapter) then chap_param = ScriptChapter_origin; else utilities.is_set (ChapterFormat) chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterFormat') end if utilities.is_set (chap_param) then -- if we found one utilities.set_message ('err_chapter_ignored', {chap_param}); -- add error message Chapter = ''; -- and set them to empty string to be safe with concatenation TransChapter = ''; -- for now, ignore linter warnings ChapterURL = ''; ScriptChapter = ''; ChapterFormat = ''; end else -- otherwise, format chapter / article title local no_quotes = false; -- default assume that we will be quoting the chapter parameter value if utilities.is_set (Contribution) and 0 < #c then -- if this is a contribution with contributor(s) if utilities.in_array (Contribution:lower(), cfg.keywords_lists.contribution) then -- and a generic contribution title no_quotes = true; -- then render it unquoted end end Chapter = format_chapter_title (ScriptChapter, ScriptChapter_origin, Chapter, TransChapter, TransChapter_origin, ChapterURL, ChapterURL_origin, no_quotes, ChapterUrlAccess); -- Contribution is also in Chapter if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then Chapter = Chapter .. ChapterFormat ; if 'map' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (TitleType) then Chapter = Chapter .. ' ' .. TitleType; -- map annotation here; not after title end Chapter = Chapter .. sepc .. ' '; elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterFormat) then -- |chapter= not set but |chapter-format= is so ... Chapter = ChapterFormat .. sepc .. ' '; -- ... ChapterFormat has error message, we want to see it end end -- Format main title local plain_title = false; local accept_title; Title, accept_title = utilities.has_accept_as_written (Title, true); -- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of <Title> if accept_title and ('' == Title) then -- only support forced empty for now "(())" Title = cfg.messages['notitle']; -- replace by predefined "No title" message -- TODO: utilities.set_message ( 'err_redundant_parameters', ...); -- issue proper error message instead of muting ScriptTitle = ''; -- just mute for now TransTitle = ''; -- just mute for now plain_title = true; -- suppress text decoration for descriptive title utilities.set_message ('maint_untitled'); -- add maint cat end if not accept_title then -- <Title> not wrapped in accept-as-written markup if '...' == Title:sub (-3) then -- if ellipsis is the last three characters of |title= Title = Title:gsub ('(%.%.%.)%.+$', '%1'); -- limit the number of dots to three elseif not mw.ustring.find (Title, '%.%s*%a%.$') and -- end of title is not a 'dot-(optional space-)letter-dot' initialism ... not mw.ustring.find (Title, '%s+%a%.$') then -- ...and not a 'space-letter-dot' initial (''Allium canadense'' L.) Title = mw.ustring.gsub(Title, '%' .. sepc .. '$', ''); -- remove any trailing separator character; sepc and ms.ustring() here for languages that use multibyte separator characters end if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) and is_archived_copy (Title) then utilities.set_message ('maint_archived_copy'); -- add maintenance category before we modify the content of Title end if is_generic ('generic_titles', Title) then utilities.set_message ('err_generic_title'); -- set an error message end end if (not plain_title) and (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'document', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'mailinglist', 'interview', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) or ('map' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)))) then -- special case for cite map when the map is in a periodical treat as an article Title = kern_quotes (Title); -- if necessary, separate title's leading and trailing quote marks from module provided quote marks Title = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-title', Title); Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title'); -- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle ); elseif plain_title or ('report' == config.CitationClass) then -- no styling for cite report and descriptive titles (otherwise same as above) Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title'); -- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle ); -- for cite report, use this form for trans-title else Title = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', Title); Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title'); -- <bdi> tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-italic-title', TransTitle); end if utilities.is_set (TransTitle) then if utilities.is_set (Title) then TransTitle = " " .. TransTitle; else utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'title'}); end end if utilities.is_set (Title) then -- TODO: is this the right place to be making Wikisource URLs? if utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and utilities.is_set (URL) then utilities.set_message ('err_wikilink_in_url'); -- set an error message because we can't have both TitleLink = ''; -- unset end if not utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and utilities.is_set (URL) then Title = external_link (URL, Title, URL_origin, UrlAccess) .. TransTitle .. Format; URL = ''; -- unset these because no longer needed Format = ''; -- for now, ignore linter warning elseif utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and not utilities.is_set (URL) then local ws_url; ws_url = wikisource_url_make (TitleLink); -- ignore ws_label return; not used here if ws_url then Title = external_link (ws_url, Title .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in title-link'); -- space char after Title to move icon away from italic text; TODO: a better way to do this? Title = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], TitleLink, Title}); Title = Title .. TransTitle; else Title = utilities.make_wikilink (TitleLink, Title) .. TransTitle; end else local ws_url, ws_label, L; -- Title has italic or quote markup by the time we get here which causes is_wikilink() to return 0 (not a wikilink) ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (Title:gsub('^[\'"]*(.-)[\'"]*$', '%1')); -- make ws URL from |title= interwiki link (strip italic or quote markup); link portion L becomes tooltip label if ws_url then Title = Title:gsub ('%b[]', ws_label); -- replace interwiki link with ws_label to retain markup Title = external_link (ws_url, Title .. '&nbsp;', 'ws link in title'); -- space char after Title to move icon away from italic text; TODO: a better way to do this? Title = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, Title}); Title = Title .. TransTitle; else Title = Title .. TransTitle; end end else Title = TransTitle; end if utilities.is_set (Place) then Place = " " .. wrap_msg ('written', Place, use_lowercase) .. sepc .. " "; end local ConferenceURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ConferenceURL'); -- get name of parameter that holds ConferenceURL if utilities.is_set (Conference) then if utilities.is_set (ConferenceURL) then Conference = external_link( ConferenceURL, Conference, ConferenceURL_origin, nil ); end Conference = sepc .. " " .. Conference .. ConferenceFormat; elseif utilities.is_set (ConferenceURL) then Conference = sepc .. " " .. external_link( ConferenceURL, nil, ConferenceURL_origin, nil ); end local Position = ''; if not utilities.is_set (Position) then local Minutes = A['Minutes']; local Time = A['Time']; if utilities.is_set (Minutes) then if utilities.is_set (Time) then --TODO: make a function for this and similar? utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'minutes') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'time')}); end Position = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.minutes, Minutes); else if utilities.is_set (Time) then local TimeCaption = A['TimeCaption'] if not utilities.is_set (TimeCaption) then TimeCaption = cs2_lower(cfg.messages['event']); end Position = " " .. TimeCaption .. " " .. Time; end end else Position = " " .. Position; At = ''; end Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets = format_pages_sheets (Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, NoPP, use_lowercase); At = utilities.is_set (At) and (sepc .. " " .. At) or ""; Position = utilities.is_set (Position) and (sepc .. " " .. Position) or ""; if config.CitationClass == 'map' then local Sections = A['Sections']; -- Section (singular) is an alias of Chapter so set earlier local Inset = A['Inset']; if utilities.is_set ( Inset ) then Inset = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('inset', Inset, use_lowercase); end if utilities.is_set ( Sections ) then Section = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('sections', Sections, use_lowercase); elseif utilities.is_set ( Section ) then Section = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('section', Section, use_lowercase); end At = At .. Inset .. Section; end local Others = A['Others']; if utilities.is_set (Others) and 0 == #a and 0 == #e then -- add maint cat when |others= has value and used without |author=, |editor= if config.CitationClass == "AV-media-notes" or config.CitationClass == "audio-visual" then -- special maint for AV/M which has a lot of 'false' positives right now utilities.set_message ('maint_others_avm') else utilities.set_message ('maint_others'); end end Others = utilities.is_set (Others) and (sepc .. " " .. Others) or ""; if utilities.is_set (Translators) then Others = safe_join ({sepc .. ' ', wrap_msg ('translated', Translators, use_lowercase), Others}, sepc); end if utilities.is_set (Interviewers) then Others = safe_join ({sepc .. ' ', wrap_msg ('interview', Interviewers, use_lowercase), Others}, sepc); end local TitleNote = A['TitleNote']; TitleNote = utilities.is_set (TitleNote) and (sepc .. " " .. TitleNote) or ""; if utilities.is_set (Edition) then if Edition:match ('%f[%a][Ee]d%n?%.?$') or Edition:match ('%f[%a][Ee]dition$') then -- Ed, ed, Ed., ed., Edn, edn, Edn., edn. utilities.set_message ('err_extra_text_edition'); -- add error message end Edition = " " .. wrap_msg ('edition', Edition); else Edition = ''; end Series = utilities.is_set (Series) and wrap_msg ('series', {sepc, Series}) or ""; -- not the same as SeriesNum local Agency = A['Agency'] or ''; -- |agency= is supported by {{cite magazine}}, {{cite news}}, {{cite press release}}, {{cite web}}, and certain {{citation}} templates if utilities.is_set (Agency) then -- this testing done here because {{citation}} supports 'news' citations if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'magazine', 'news', 'pressrelease', 'web'}) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, {"magazine", "newspaper", "work"})) then Agency = wrap_msg ('agency', {sepc, Agency}); -- format for rendering else Agency = ''; -- unset; not supported utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {'agency'}); -- add error message end end Volume = format_volume_issue (Volume, Issue, ArticleNumber, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, use_lowercase); if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) then local retrv_text = " " .. cfg.messages['retrieved']; AccessDate = nowrap_date (AccessDate); -- wrap in nowrap span if date in appropriate format retrv_text = cs2_lower(retrv_text); -- if mode is cs2, lower case AccessDate = utilities.substitute (retrv_text, AccessDate); -- add retrieved text AccessDate = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['accessdate'], {sepc, AccessDate}); -- allow editors to hide accessdates end if utilities.is_set (ID) then ID = sepc .. " " .. ID; end local Docket = A['Docket']; if "thesis" == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Docket) then ID = sepc .. " Docket " .. Docket .. ID; end if "report" == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Docket) then -- for cite report when |docket= is set ID = sepc .. ' ' .. Docket; -- overwrite ID even if |id= is set end if utilities.is_set (URL) then URL = " " .. external_link( URL, nil, URL_origin, UrlAccess ); end -- We check length of PostScript here because it will have been nuked by -- the quote parameters. We'd otherwise emit a message even if there wasn't -- a displayed postscript. -- TODO: Should the max size (1) be configurable? -- TODO: Should we check a specific pattern? if utilities.is_set(PostScript) and mw.ustring.len(PostScript) > 1 then utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript') end local Archived; if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then if not utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then -- ArchiveURL set but ArchiveDate not set utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_date'); -- emit an error message ArchiveURL = ''; -- empty string for concatenation ArchiveDate = ''; -- empty string for concatenation end else if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then -- ArchiveURL not set but ArchiveDate is set utilities.set_message ('err_archive_date_missing_url'); -- emit an error message ArchiveURL = ''; -- empty string for concatenation ArchiveDate = ''; -- empty string for concatenation end end if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then if "live" == UrlStatus then if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages['archived-live'], { external_link( ArchiveURL, cs2_lower(cfg.messages['archived']), A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL'), nil) .. ArchiveFormat, ArchiveDate } ); else Archived = ''; end if not utilities.is_set (OriginalURL) then utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url'); Archived = ''; -- empty string for concatenation end elseif utilities.is_set (OriginalURL) then -- UrlStatus is empty, 'dead', 'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown' if utilities.in_array (UrlStatus, {'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown'}) then Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. utilities.substitute ( cs2_lower(cfg.messages['archived-unfit']), ArchiveDate); if 'bot: unknown' == UrlStatus then utilities.set_message ('maint_bot_unknown'); -- and add a category if not already added else utilities.add_prop_cat ('unfit'); -- and add a category if not already added end else -- UrlStatus is empty, 'dead' if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. utilities.substitute ( cs2_lower(cfg.messages['archived-dead']), { external_link( OriginalURL, cfg.messages['original'], OriginalURL_origin, OriginalAccess ) .. OriginalFormat, ArchiveDate } ); else Archived = ''; -- unset for concatenation end end else -- OriginalUrl not set utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url'); Archived = ''; -- empty string for concatenation end elseif utilities.is_set (ArchiveFormat) then Archived = ArchiveFormat; -- if set and ArchiveURL not set ArchiveFormat has error message else Archived = ''; end local TranscriptURL = A['TranscriptURL'] local TranscriptFormat = A['TranscriptFormat']; TranscriptFormat = style_format (TranscriptFormat, TranscriptURL, 'transcript-format', 'transcripturl'); local Transcript = A['Transcript']; local TranscriptURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('TranscriptURL'); -- get name of parameter that holds TranscriptURL if utilities.is_set (Transcript) then if utilities.is_set (TranscriptURL) then Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, Transcript, TranscriptURL_origin, nil ); end Transcript = sepc .. ' ' .. Transcript .. TranscriptFormat; elseif utilities.is_set (TranscriptURL) then Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, nil, TranscriptURL_origin, nil ); end local Publisher; if utilities.is_set (PublicationDate) then PublicationDate = wrap_msg ('published', PublicationDate); end if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. ": " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate; else Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate; end elseif utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then Publisher= sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. PublicationDate; else Publisher = PublicationDate; end -- Several of the above rely upon detecting this as nil, so do it last. if (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) or utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical)) then if utilities.is_set (Title) or utilities.is_set (TitleNote) then Periodical = sepc .. " " .. format_periodical (ScriptPeriodical, ScriptPeriodical_origin, Periodical, TransPeriodical, TransPeriodical_origin); else Periodical = format_periodical (ScriptPeriodical, ScriptPeriodical_origin, Periodical, TransPeriodical, TransPeriodical_origin); end end local Language = A['Language']; if utilities.is_set (Language) then Language = language_parameter (Language); -- format, categories, name from ISO639-1, etc. else Language=''; -- language not specified so make sure this is an empty string; --[[ TODO: need to extract the wrap_msg from language_parameter so that we can solve parentheses bunching problem with Format/Language/TitleType ]] end --[[ Handle the oddity that is cite speech. This code overrides whatever may be the value assigned to TitleNote (through |department=) and forces it to be " (Speech)" so that the annotation directly follows the |title= parameter value in the citation rather than the |event= parameter value (if provided). ]] if "speech" == config.CitationClass then -- cite speech only TitleNote = TitleType; -- move TitleType to TitleNote so that it renders ahead of |event= TitleType = ''; -- and unset if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then -- if Periodical, perhaps because of an included |website= or |journal= parameter if utilities.is_set (Conference) then -- and if |event= is set Conference = Conference .. sepc .. " "; -- then add appropriate punctuation to the end of the Conference variable before rendering end end end -- Piece all bits together at last. Here, all should be non-nil. -- We build things this way because it is more efficient in LUA -- not to keep reassigning to the same string variable over and over. local tcommon; local tcommon2; -- used for book cite when |contributor= is set local pgtext = Position .. Sheet .. Sheets .. Page .. Pages .. At; if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {"book", "citation"}) and not utilities.is_set (Periodical) then -- special cases for book cites if utilities.is_set (Contributors) then -- when we are citing foreword, preface, introduction, etc. tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote}, sepc); -- author and other stuff will come after this and before tcommon2 tcommon2 = safe_join ({TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher}, sepc); else tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher}, sepc); end elseif 'map' == config.CitationClass then -- special cases for cite map if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then -- map in a book; TitleType is part of Chapter tcommon = safe_join ({Title, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc); elseif utilities.is_set (Periodical) then -- map in a periodical tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleType, Periodical, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc); else -- a sheet or stand-alone map tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleType, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher}, sepc); end elseif 'episode' == config.CitationClass then -- special case for cite episode tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote, TitleType, Series, Language, Edition, Publisher}, sepc); else -- all other CS1 templates tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc); end if #ID_list_t > 0 then ID_list_t = safe_join( { sepc .. " ", table.concat( ID_list_t, sepc .. " " ), ID }, sepc ); else ID_list_t = ID; end local Via = A['Via']; Via = utilities.is_set (Via) and wrap_msg ('via', Via) or ''; local idcommon; if 'audio-visual' == config.CitationClass or 'episode' == config.CitationClass then -- special case for cite AV media & cite episode position transcript idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list_t, URL, Archived, Transcript, AccessDate, Via, Quote }, sepc ); else idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list_t, URL, Archived, AccessDate, Via, Quote }, sepc ); end local text; -- local pgtext = Position .. Sheet .. Sheets .. Page .. Pages .. At; local OrigDate = A['OrigDate']; OrigDate = utilities.is_set (OrigDate) and wrap_msg ('origdate', OrigDate) or ''; if utilities.is_set (Date) then if utilities.is_set (Authors) or utilities.is_set (Editors) then -- date follows authors or editors when authors not set Date = " (" .. Date .. ")" .. OrigDate .. sepc .. " "; -- in parentheses else -- neither of authors and editors set if (string.sub(tcommon, -1, -1) == sepc) then -- if the last character of tcommon is sepc Date = " " .. Date .. OrigDate; -- Date does not begin with sepc else Date = sepc .. " " .. Date .. OrigDate; -- Date begins with sepc end end end if utilities.is_set (Authors) then if (not utilities.is_set (Date)) then -- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Authors termination Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc); -- when no date, terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space end if utilities.is_set (Editors) then local in_text = ''; local post_text; if utilities.is_set (Chapter) and 0 == #c then in_text = cfg.messages['in'] .. ' '; in_text = cs2_lower(in_text); -- lowercase for cs2 end if EditorCount <= 1 then post_text = ' (' .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. ')'; -- be consistent with no-author, no-date case else post_text = ' (' .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. ')'; end Editors = terminate_name_list (in_text .. Editors .. post_text, sepc); -- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space end if utilities.is_set (Contributors) then -- book cite and we're citing the intro, preface, etc. local by_text = sepc .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['by'] .. ' '; by_text = cs2_lower(by_text); -- lowercase for cs2 Authors = by_text .. Authors; -- author follows title so tweak it here if utilities.is_set (Editors) and utilities.is_set (Date) then -- when Editors make sure that Authors gets terminated Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc); -- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space end if (not utilities.is_set (Date)) then -- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Contributors termination Contributors = terminate_name_list (Contributors, sepc); -- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space end text = safe_join( {Contributors, Date, Chapter, tcommon, Authors, Place, Editors, tcommon2, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc ); else text = safe_join( {Authors, Date, Chapter, Place, Editors, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc ); end elseif utilities.is_set (Editors) then if utilities.is_set (Date) then if EditorCount <= 1 then Editors = Editors .. cfg.presentation['sep_name'] .. cfg.messages['editor']; else Editors = Editors .. cfg.presentation['sep_name'] .. cfg.messages['editors']; end else if EditorCount <= 1 then Editors = Editors .. " (" .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. ")" .. sepc .. " " else Editors = Editors .. " (" .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. ")" .. sepc .. " " end end text = safe_join( {Editors, Date, Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc ); else if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {"journal", "citation"}) and utilities.is_set (Periodical) then text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, Date, idcommon}, sepc ); else text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, Date, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc ); end end if utilities.is_set (PostScript) and PostScript ~= sepc then text = safe_join( {text, sepc}, sepc ); -- Deals with italics, spaces, etc. if '.' == sepc then -- remove final seperator if present text = text:gsub ('%' .. sepc .. '$', ''); -- dot must be escaped here else text = mw.ustring.gsub (text, sepc .. '$', ''); -- using ustring for non-dot sepc (likely a non-Latin character) end end text = safe_join( {text, PostScript}, sepc ); -- Now enclose the whole thing in a <cite> element local options_t = {}; options_t.class = cite_class_attribute_make (config.CitationClass, Mode); local Ref = is_valid_parameter_value (A['Ref'], A:ORIGIN('Ref'), cfg.keywords_lists['ref'], nil, true); -- nil when |ref=harv; A['Ref'] else if 'none' ~= cfg.keywords_xlate[(Ref and Ref:lower()) or ''] then local namelist_t = {}; -- holds selected contributor, author, editor name list local year = first_set ({Year, anchor_year}, 2); -- Year first for legacy citations and for YMD dates that require disambiguation if #c > 0 then -- if there is a contributor list namelist_t = c; -- select it elseif #a > 0 then -- or an author list namelist_t = a; elseif #e > 0 then -- or an editor list namelist_t = e; end local citeref_id; if #namelist_t > 0 then -- if there are names in namelist_t citeref_id = make_citeref_id (namelist_t, year); -- go make the CITEREF anchor if mw.uri.anchorEncode (citeref_id) == ((Ref and mw.uri.anchorEncode (Ref)) or '') then -- Ref may already be encoded (by {{sfnref}}) so citeref_id must be encoded before comparison utilities.set_message ('maint_ref_duplicates_default'); end else citeref_id = ''; -- unset end options_t.id = Ref or citeref_id; end if string.len (text:gsub('%b<>', '')) <= 2 then -- remove html and html-like tags; then get length of what remains; z.error_cats_t = {}; -- blank the categories list z.error_msgs_t = {}; -- blank the error messages list OCinSoutput = nil; -- blank the metadata string text = ''; -- blank the the citation utilities.set_message ('err_empty_citation'); -- set empty citation message and category end local render_t = {}; -- here we collect the final bits for concatenation into the rendered citation if is_preview_mode and (0 ~= #z.error_msgs_t or 0 ~= #z.maint_cats_t) then -- when in preview mode if not utilities.is_set (options_t.id) then -- and when this template has not created an anchor ID math.randomseed (tonumber (mw.getLanguage ('en'):formatDate ('U')) * 10000 + os.clock() * 10000); options_t.id = 'CITEREF_temp_preview_id_' .. math.random (100000, 999999); -- create temporary anchor ID for preview mode end end if utilities.is_set (options_t.id) then -- here we wrap the rendered citation in <cite ...>...</cite> tags options_t.id = mw.uri.anchorEncode(options_t.id); -- do this here; also used when adding preview warning messages table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['cite-id'], {options_t.id, mw.text.nowiki(options_t.class), text})); -- when |ref= is set or when there is a namelist else table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['cite'], {mw.text.nowiki(options_t.class), text})); -- when |ref=none or when namelist_t empty and |ref= is missing or is empty end if OCinSoutput then -- blanked when citation is 'empty' so don't bother to add boilerplate metadata span table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['ocins'], OCinSoutput)); -- format and append metadata to the citation end local template_name = cfg.citation_class_map_t[config.CitationClass]; local template_link = '[[Template:' .. template_name .. '|' .. template_name .. ']]'; local msg_prefix = '<code class="cs1-code">{{' .. template_link .. '}}</code>: '; if 0 ~= #z.error_msgs_t then mw.addWarning (utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.warning_msg_e, {template_link, options_t.id})); table.insert (render_t, ' '); -- insert a space between citation and its error messages table.sort (z.error_msgs_t); -- sort the error messages list; sorting includes wrapping <span> and <code> tags; hidden-error sorts ahead of visible-error local hidden = true; -- presume that the only error messages emited by this template are hidden for _, v in ipairs (z.error_msgs_t) do -- spin through the list of error messages if v:find ('cs1-visible-error', 1, true) then -- look for the visible error class name hidden = false; -- found one; so don't hide the error message prefix break; -- and done because no need to look further end end z.error_msgs_t[1] = table.concat ({utilities.error_comment (msg_prefix, hidden), z.error_msgs_t[1]}); -- add error message prefix to first error message to prevent extraneous punctuation table.insert (render_t, table.concat (z.error_msgs_t, '; ')); -- make a big string of error messages and add it to the rendering end if 0 ~= #z.maint_cats_t then mw.addWarning (utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.warning_msg_m, {template_link, options_t.id})); table.sort (z.maint_cats_t); -- sort the maintenance messages list local maint_msgs_t = {}; -- here we collect all of the maint messages if 0 == #z.error_msgs_t then -- if no error messages table.insert (maint_msgs_t, msg_prefix); -- insert message prefix in maint message livery end for _, v in ipairs( z.maint_cats_t ) do -- append maintenance categories table.insert (maint_msgs_t, -- assemble new maint message and add it to the maint_msgs_t table table.concat ({v, ' (', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[':cat wikilink'], v), ')'}) ); end table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['hidden-maint'], table.concat (maint_msgs_t, ' '))); -- wrap the group of maint messages with proper presentation and save end if not no_tracking_cats then local sort_key; local cat_wikilink = 'cat wikilink'; if cfg.enable_sort_keys then -- when namespace sort keys enabled local namespace_number = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace; -- get namespace number for this wikitext sort_key = (0 ~= namespace_number and (cfg.name_space_sort_keys[namespace_number] or cfg.name_space_sort_keys.other)) or nil; -- get sort key character; nil for mainspace cat_wikilink = (not sort_key and 'cat wikilink') or 'cat wikilink sk'; -- make <cfg.messages> key end for _, v in ipairs (z.error_cats_t) do -- append error categories table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[cat_wikilink], {v, sort_key})); end if cfg.id_limits_data_load_fail then -- boolean true when load failed utilities.set_message ('maint_id_limit_load_fail'); -- done here because this maint cat emits no message end for _, v in ipairs (z.maint_cats_t) do -- append maintenance categories table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[cat_wikilink], {v, sort_key})); end for _, v in ipairs (z.prop_cats_t) do -- append properties categories table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['cat wikilink'], v)); -- no sort keys end end return table.concat (render_t); -- make a big string and done end --[[--------------------------< V A L I D A T E >-------------------------------------------------------------- Looks for a parameter's name in one of several whitelists. Parameters in the whitelist can have three values: true - active, supported parameters false - deprecated, supported parameters nil - unsupported parameters ]] local function validate (name, cite_class, empty) local enum_name; -- parameter name with enumerator (if any) replaced with '#' local state; local function state_test () -- local function to do testing of state values; operates on the upvalues <state> and <name> if true == state then return true; end -- valid actively supported parameter if false == state then if empty then return nil; end -- empty deprecated parameters are treated as unknowns deprecated_parameter (name); -- parameter is deprecated but still supported return true; end if 'tracked' == state then local base_name = name:gsub ('%d', ''); -- strip enumerators from parameter names that have them to get the base name utilities.add_prop_cat ('tracked-param', {base_name}, base_name); -- add a properties category; <base_name> modifies <key> return true; end return nil; end if 'string' ~= type (name) or name:find ('#') then -- # is a cs1|2 reserved character so parameters with # not permitted; positional params are 'number' type; not supported return nil; end -- replace enumerator digit(s) with # (|last25= becomes |last#=) (mw.ustring because non-Western 'local' digits) enum_name = mw.ustring.gsub (name, '%d+$', '#'); -- where enumerator is last charaters in parameter name (these to protect |s2cid=) enum_name = mw.ustring.gsub (enum_name, '%d+([%-l])', '#%1'); -- where enumerator is in the middle of the parameter name; |author#link= is the oddity if 'document' == cite_class then -- special case for {{cite document}} state = whitelist.document_parameters_t[enum_name]; -- this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters if true == state_test () then return true; end return false; end if utilities.in_array (cite_class, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then -- limited parameter sets allowed for these templates state = whitelist.limited_parameters_t[enum_name]; -- this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters if true == state_test () then return true; end state = whitelist.preprint_arguments_t[cite_class][name]; -- look in the parameter-list for the template identified by cite_class if true == state_test () then return true; end return false; -- not supported because not found or name is set to nil end -- end limited parameter-set templates if utilities.in_array (cite_class, whitelist.unique_param_template_list_t) then -- template-specific parameters for templates that accept parameters from the basic argument list state = whitelist.unique_arguments_t[cite_class][name]; -- look in the template-specific parameter-lists for the template identified by cite_class if true == state_test () then return true; end end -- if here, fall into general validation state = whitelist.common_parameters_t[enum_name]; -- all other templates; all normal parameters allowed; this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters if true == state_test () then return true; end return false; -- not supported because not found or name is set to nil end --[=[-------------------------< I N T E R _ W I K I _ C H E C K >---------------------------------------------- check <value> for inter-language interwiki-link markup. <prefix> must be a MediaWiki-recognized language code. when these values have the form (without leading colon): [[<prefix>:link|label]] return label as plain-text [[<prefix>:link]] return <prefix>:link as plain-text return value as is else ]=] local function inter_wiki_check (parameter, value) local prefix = value:match ('%[%[(%a+):'); -- get an interwiki prefix if one exists local _; if prefix and cfg.inter_wiki_map[prefix:lower()] then -- if prefix is in the map, needs preceding colon so utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', parameter); -- emit an error message _, value, _ = utilities.is_wikilink (value); -- extract label portion from wikilink end return value; end --[[--------------------------< M I S S I N G _ P I P E _ C H E C K >------------------------------------------ Look at the contents of a parameter. If the content has a string of characters and digits followed by an equal sign, compare the alphanumeric string to the list of cs1|2 parameters. If found, then the string is possibly a parameter that is missing its pipe. There are two tests made: {{cite ... |title=Title access-date=2016-03-17}} -- the first parameter has a value and whitespace separates that value from the missing pipe parameter name {{cite ... |title=access-date=2016-03-17}} -- the first parameter has no value (whitespace after the first = is trimmed by MediaWiki) cs1|2 shares some parameter names with XML/HTML attributes: class=, title=, etc. To prevent false positives XML/HTML tags are removed before the search. If a missing pipe is detected, this function adds the missing pipe maintenance category. ]] local function missing_pipe_check (parameter, value) local capture; value = value:gsub ('%b<>', ''); -- remove XML/HTML tags because attributes: class=, title=, etc. capture = value:match ('%s+(%a[%w%-]+)%s*=') or value:match ('^(%a[%w%-]+)%s*='); -- find and categorize parameters with possible missing pipes if capture and validate (capture) then -- if the capture is a valid parameter name utilities.set_message ('err_missing_pipe', parameter); end end --[[--------------------------< H A S _ E X T R A N E O U S _ P U N C T >-------------------------------------- look for extraneous terminal punctuation in most parameter values; parameters listed in skip table are not checked ]] local function has_extraneous_punc (param, value) if 'number' == type (param) then return; end param = param:gsub ('%d+', '#'); -- enumerated name-list mask params allow terminal punct; normalize if cfg.punct_skip[param] then return; -- parameter name found in the skip table so done end if value:match ('[,;:]$') then utilities.set_message ('maint_extra_punct'); -- has extraneous punctuation; add maint cat end if value:match ('^=') then -- sometimes an extraneous '=' character appears ... utilities.set_message ('maint_extra_punct'); -- has extraneous punctuation; add maint cat end end --[[--------------------------< H A S _ T W L _ U R L >-------------------------------------------------------- look for The Wikipedia Library urls in url-holding parameters. TWL urls are accessible only for readers who are active extended confirmed Wikipedia editors. This function sets an error message when such urls are discovered and when appropriate, sets the |<param>-url-access=subscription. returns nothing. looks for: '.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org' ]] local function has_twl_url (url_params_t, cite_args_t) local url_error_t = {}; -- sequence of url-holding parameters that have a TWL url for param, value in pairs (url_params_t) do if value:find ('%.wikipedialibrary%.idm%.oclc%.org') then -- has the TWL base url? table.insert (url_error_t, param); -- add parameter name to the error list end end if 0 ~= #url_error_t then -- non-zero when there are errors table.sort (url_error_t); -- sor for error messaging for i, param in ipairs (url_error_t) do if cfg.url_access_map_t[param] then -- if <param> has a matching -access parameter cite_args_t[cfg.url_access_map_t[param]] = cfg.keywords_xlate.subscription; -- set |<param>-url-access=subscription end url_error_t[i] = utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', param); -- make the parameter pretty for error message end utilities.set_message ('err_param_has_twl_url', {utilities.make_sep_list (#url_error_t, url_error_t)}); -- add this error message end end --[[--------------------------< M I S C _ U R L _ D E T E C T >------------------------------------------------ look for miscellaneous urls that might be converted to, or are duplicates of, identifiers. ]] local misc_url_patterns_t = { 'idm%.oclc%.org', -- but not wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org; has_twl_url() 'https?://citeseerx?%.ist%.psu%.edu/', -- simplified so we catch all citeseer and citeseerx urls except ~/document/... (the 'new' form) } local ignore_patterns_t = { 'wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org', -- handled by has_twl_url() 'https?://citeseerx?%.ist%.psu%.edu/document', -- 'new'-form citeseerx urls that mostly work; ignore for now } local function misc_url_detect (url_params_t) local ignore_flag = false; for _, value in pairs (url_params_t) do for _, ignore_pattern in ipairs (ignore_patterns_t) do if value:find (ignore_pattern) then -- matches this ignore_pattern? ignore_flag = true; -- found a pattern to ignore break; -- end end if not ignore_flag then -- if ignore_flag is set then don't bother to test this url <value> for _, misc_pattern in ipairs (misc_url_patterns_t) do if value:find (misc_pattern) then -- matches this misc_pattern? utilities.set_message ('maint_misc_url'); -- found one; set the message return; -- and done; no need to test other <value>s end end end ignore_flag = false; -- reset end end --[[--------------------------< H A S _ E X T R A N E O U S _ U R L >------------------------------------------ look for extraneous url parameter values; parameters listed in skip table are not checked ]] local function has_extraneous_url (non_url_param_t) local url_error_t = {}; check_for_url (non_url_param_t, url_error_t); -- extraneous url check if 0 ~= #url_error_t then -- non-zero when there are errors table.sort (url_error_t); utilities.set_message ('err_param_has_ext_link', {utilities.make_sep_list (#url_error_t, url_error_t)}); -- add this error message end end --[[--------------------------< _ C I T A T I O N >------------------------------------------------------------ Module entry point frame – from template call (citation()); may be nil when called from another module args_t – table of all cs1|2 parameters in the template (the parent frame) config_t – table of template-supplied parameter (the #invoke frame) ]] local function _citation (frame, args_t, config_t) -- save a copy in case we need to display an error message in preview mode if not frame then frame = mw.getCurrentFrame(); -- if called from another module, get a frame for frame-provided functions end -- i18n: set the name that your wiki uses to identify sandbox subpages from sandbox template invoke (or can be set here) local sandbox = ((config_t.SandboxPath and '' ~= config_t.SandboxPath) and config_t.SandboxPath) or '/sandbox'; -- sandbox path from {{#invoke:Citation/CS1/sandbox|citation|SandboxPath=/...}} is_sandbox = nil ~= string.find (frame:getTitle(), sandbox, 1, true); -- is this invoke the sandbox module? sandbox = is_sandbox and sandbox or ''; -- use i18n sandbox to load sandbox modules when this module is the sandox; live modules else cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration' .. sandbox); -- load sandbox versions of support modules when {{#invoke:Citation/CS1/sandbox|...}}; live modules else whitelist = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist' .. sandbox); utilities = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities' .. sandbox); validation = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation' .. sandbox); identifiers = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers' .. sandbox); metadata = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/COinS' .. sandbox); utilities.set_selected_modules (cfg); -- so that functions in Utilities can see the selected cfg tables identifiers.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities); -- so that functions in Identifiers can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module validation.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities); -- so that functions in Date validataion can see selected cfg tables and the selected Utilities module metadata.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities); -- so that functions in COinS can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module z = utilities.z; -- table of error and category tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities local cite_args_t = {}; -- because args_t is the parent (template) frame args (which cannot be modified); params and their values will be placed here is_preview_mode = not utilities.is_set (frame:preprocess ('{{REVISIONID}}')); local suggestions = {}; -- table where we store suggestions if we need to loadData them local error_text; -- used as a flag local capture; -- the single supported capture when matching unknown parameters using patterns local empty_unknowns = {}; -- sequence table to hold empty unknown params for error message listing for k, v in pairs (args_t) do -- get parameters from the parent (template) frame v = mw.ustring.gsub (v, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1'); -- trim leading/trailing whitespace; when v is only whitespace, becomes empty string if v ~= '' then if cfg.enum_needs_xlation and 'string' == type (k) then -- for wikis that set date_names['local_digits'] to non-western digits k = mw.ustring.gsub (k, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits); -- translate 'local' digits enumerators to Western 0-9 end if not validate( k, config_t.CitationClass ) then if type (k) ~= 'string' then -- exclude empty numbered parameters if v:match("%S+") ~= nil then error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_text_ignored', {v}); end elseif validate (k:lower(), config_t.CitationClass) then error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, k:lower()}); -- suggest the lowercase version of the parameter else if nil == suggestions.suggestions then -- if this table is nil then we need to load it suggestions = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' .. sandbox); --load sandbox version of suggestion module when {{#invoke:Citation/CS1/sandbox|...}}; live module else end for pattern, param in pairs (suggestions.patterns) do -- loop through the patterns to see if we can suggest a proper parameter capture = k:match (pattern); -- the whole match if no capture in pattern else the capture if a match if capture then -- if the pattern matches param = utilities.substitute (param, capture); -- add the capture to the suggested parameter (typically the enumerator) if validate (param, config_t.CitationClass) then -- validate the suggestion to make sure that the suggestion is supported by this template (necessary for limited parameter lists) error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, param}); -- set the suggestion error message else error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {k}); -- suggested param not supported by this template v = ''; -- unset end end end if not utilities.is_set (error_text) then -- couldn't match with a pattern, is there an explicit suggestion? if (suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ] ~= nil) and validate (suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ], config_t.CitationClass) then utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ]}); else utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {k}); v = ''; -- unset value assigned to unrecognized parameters (this for the limited parameter lists) end end end end cite_args_t[k] = v; -- save this parameter and its value elseif not utilities.is_set (v) then -- for empty parameters if not validate (k, config_t.CitationClass, true) then -- is this empty parameter a valid parameter k = ('' == k) and cfg.err_msg_supl.empty_str or k; -- when k is empty string (or was space(s) trimmed to empty string), replace with descriptive text table.insert (empty_unknowns, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', k)); -- format for error message and add to the list end end end if 0 ~= #empty_unknowns then -- create empty unknown error message utilities.set_message ('err_param_unknown_empty', { 1 == #empty_unknowns and '' or 's', utilities.make_sep_list (#empty_unknowns, empty_unknowns) }); end local non_url_param_t = {}; -- table of parameters and values that are not url-holding parameters local url_param_t = {}; -- table of url-holding paramters and their values for k, v in pairs (cite_args_t) do if 'string' == type (k) then -- don't evaluate positional parameters has_invisible_chars (k, v); -- look for invisible characters end has_extraneous_punc (k, v); -- look for extraneous terminal punctuation in parameter values missing_pipe_check (k, v); -- do we think that there is a parameter that is missing a pipe? cite_args_t[k] = inter_wiki_check (k, v); -- when language interwiki-linked parameter missing leading colon replace with wiki-link label if 'string' == type (k) then -- when parameter k is not positional if not cfg.url_skip[k] then -- and not in url skip table non_url_param_t[k] = v; -- make a parameter/value list for extraneous url check else -- and is in url skip table (a url-holding parameter) url_param_t[k] = v; -- make a parameter/value list to check for values that are The Wikipedia Library url end end end if cfg.suppress_archive_today_urls then has_archive_today_url (cite_args_t); -- look for and suppress archive.today urls and dependent parameters for all templates end has_extraneous_url (non_url_param_t); -- look for url in parameter values where a url does not belong has_twl_url (url_param_t, cite_args_t); -- look for url-holding parameters that hold a The Wikipedia Library url misc_url_detect (url_param_t); -- look for url-holding parameters that hold certain miscellaneous urls return table.concat ({ frame:extensionTag ('templatestyles', '', {src='Module:Citation/CS1' .. sandbox .. '/styles.css'}), citation0 (config_t, cite_args_t) }); end --[[--------------------------< C I T A T I O N >-------------------------------------------------------------- Template entry point ]] local function citation (frame) local config_t = {}; -- table to store parameters from the module {{#invoke:}} local args_t = frame:getParent().args; -- get template's preset parameters for k, v in pairs (frame.args) do -- get parameters from the {{#invoke}} frame config_t[k] = v; -- args_t[k] = v; -- crude debug support that allows us to render a citation from module {{#invoke:}}; skips parameter validation; TODO: keep? end return _citation (frame, args_t, config_t) end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------ ]] return { citation = citation, -- template entry point _citation = _citation, -- module entry point } mzkfjlhyhvftcb93lj0ik7zu7t1myhw 828 6302 366684 354378 2026-08-11T19:05:25Z en>Trappist the monk 0 synch from sandbox; 366684 Scribunto text/plain local lang_obj = mw.getContentLanguage(); -- make a language object for the local language; used here for languages and dates --[[--------------------------< S E T T I N G S >-------------------------------------------------------------- boolean settings used to control various things. these setting located here to make them easy to find ]] -- these settings local to this module only local local_digits_from_mediawiki = false; -- for i18n; when true, module fills date_names['local_digits'] from MediaWiki; manual fill required else; always false at en.wiki -- these settings exported to other modules local use_identifier_redirects = true; -- when true use redirect name for identifier label links; always true at en.wiki local local_lang_cat_enable = false; -- when true categorizes pages where |language=<local wiki's language>; always false at en.wiki local date_name_auto_xlate_enable = false; -- when true translates English month-names to the local-wiki's language month names; always false at en.wiki local date_digit_auto_xlate_enable = false; -- when true translates Western date digit to the local-wiki's language digits (date_names['local_digits']); always false at en.wiki local enable_sort_keys = true; -- when true module adds namespace sort keys to error and maintenance category links local suppress_archive_today_urls = true; -- when true module suppresses all parameters with an archive.today url and any deprendent parameters --[[--------------------------< U N C A T E G O R I Z E D _ N A M E S P A C E S >------------------------------ List of namespaces identifiers for namespaces that will not be included in citation error categories. Same as setting notracking = true by default. For wikis that have a current version of Module:cs1 documentation support, this #invoke will return an unordered list of namespace names and their associated identifiers: {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|uncategorized_namespace_lister|all=<anything>}} ]] local uncategorized_namespaces_t = {[2]=true}; -- init with user namespace id for k, _ in pairs (mw.site.talkNamespaces) do -- add all talk namespace ids uncategorized_namespaces_t[k] = true; end local uncategorized_subpages = {'/[Ss]andbox', '/[Tt]estcases', '/[^/]*[Ll]og', '/[Aa]rchive'}; -- list of Lua patterns found in page names of pages we should not categorize --[[ at en.wiki Greek characters are used as sort keys for certain items in a category so that those items are placed at the end of a category page. See Wikipedia:Categorization#Sort_keys. That works well for en.wiki because English is written using the Latn script. This may not work well for other languages. At en.wiki it is desireable to place content from certain namespaces at the end of a category listing so the module adds sort keys to error and maintenance category links when rendering a cs1|2 template on a page in that namespace. i18n: if this does not work well for your language, set <enable_sort_keys> to false. ]] local name_space_sort_keys = { -- sort keys to be used with these namespaces: [4] = 'ω', -- wikipedia; omega [10] = 'τ', -- template; tau [118] = 'Δ', -- draft; delta ['other'] = 'ο', -- all other non-talk namespaces except main (article); omicron } --[[--------------------------< M E S S A G E S >-------------------------------------------------------------- Translation table The following contains fixed text that may be output as part of a citation. This is separated from the main body to aid in future translations of this module. ]] local messages = { ['agency'] = '$1 $2', -- $1 is sepc, $2 is agency ['archived-dead'] = 'Archived from $1 on $2', ['archived-live'] = '$1 from the original on $2', ['archived-unfit'] = 'Archived from the original on $1', ['archived'] = 'Archived', ['by'] = 'By', -- contributions to authored works: introduction, foreword, afterword ['cartography'] = 'Cartography by $1', ['collaboration'] = '$1 ($2)', -- $1 is author with et al, $2 is collaboration ['editor'] = 'ed.', ['editors'] = 'eds.', ['edition'] = '($1&nbsp;ed.)', ['episode'] = 'Episode $1', ['et al'] = 'et&nbsp;al.', ['in'] = 'In', -- edited works ['inactive'] = ' (inactive $1)', -- $1 is date which the doi was found to be broken in ['inset'] = '$1 inset', ['interview'] = 'Interviewed by $1', invisible_1 = '$1 $2', -- $1 stripmarker name; $2 is text from <invisible_chars[1]> invisible_2 = '$1 character', -- $1 character name from <invisible_chars[1]> ['mismatch'] = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$2=</code> mismatch', -- $1 is year param name; $2 is date param name ['newsgroup'] = '[[Usenet newsgroup|Newsgroup]]:&nbsp;$1', ['notitle'] = 'No title', -- for |title=(()) and (in the future) |title=none ['original'] = 'the original', ['origdate'] = ' [$1]', ['published'] = ' (published $1)', ['retrieved'] = 'Retrieved $1', ['season'] = 'Season $1', ['section'] = '§&nbsp;$1', ['sections'] = '§§&nbsp;$1', ['series'] = '$1 $2', -- $1 is sepc, $2 is series ['seriesnum'] = 'Series $1', ['translated'] = 'Translated by $1', ['type'] = ' ($1)', -- for titletype wikidata = 'Wikidata', -- these used for interwikilinked author/editor/... names wikipedia = 'Wikipedia', wikisource = 'Wikisource', ['written'] = 'Written at $1', ['vol'] = '$1 Vol.&nbsp;$2', -- $1 is sepc; bold journal style volume is in presentation{} ['vol-no'] = '$1 Vol.&nbsp;$2, no.&nbsp;$3', -- sepc, volume, issue (alternatively insert $1 after $2, but then we'd also have to change capitalization) ['issue'] = '$1 No.&nbsp;$2', -- $1 is sepc ['art'] = '$1 Art.&nbsp;$2', -- $1 is sepc; for {{cite conference}} only ['vol-art'] = '$1 Vol.&nbsp;$2, art.&nbsp;$3', -- sepc, volume, article-number; for {{cite conference}} only ['j-vol'] = '$1 $2', -- sepc, volume; bold journal volume is in presentation{} ['j-issue'] = ' ($1)', ['j-article-num'] = ' $1', -- TODO: any punctuation here? static text? ['nopp'] = '$1 $2'; -- page(s) without prefix; $1 is sepc ['p-prefix'] = "$1 p.&nbsp;$2", -- $1 is sepc ['pp-prefix'] = "$1 pp.&nbsp;$2", -- $1 is sepc ['j-page(s)'] = ': $1', -- same for page and pages ['sheet'] = '$1 Sheet&nbsp;$2', -- $1 is sepc ['sheets'] = '$1 Sheets&nbsp;$2', -- $1 is sepc ['j-sheet'] = ': Sheet&nbsp;$1', ['j-sheets'] = ': Sheets&nbsp;$1', ['language'] = '(in $1)', ['via'] = " &ndash; via $1", ['event'] = 'Event occurs at', ['minutes'] = ' $1 minutes in', -- $1 is the number of minutes -- Determines the location of the help page ['help page link'] = 'Help:CS1 errors', ['help page label'] = 'help', -- categories ['cat wikilink'] = '[[Category:$1]]', -- $1 is the category name ['cat wikilink sk'] = '[[Category:$1|$2]]', -- $1 is the category name; $2 is namespace sort key [':cat wikilink'] = '[[:Category:$1|link]]', -- category name as maintenance message wikilink; $1 is the category name -- Internal errors (should only occur if configuration is bad) ['undefined_error'] = 'Called with an undefined error condition', ['unknown_ID_key'] = 'Unrecognized ID key: ', -- an ID key in id_handlers not found in ~/Identifiers func_map{} ['unknown_ID_access'] = 'Unrecognized ID access keyword: ', -- an ID access keyword in id_handlers not found in keywords_lists['id-access']{} ['unknown_argument_map'] = 'Argument map not defined for this variable', ['bare_url_no_origin'] = 'Bare URL found but origin indicator is nil or empty', ['warning_msg_e'] = '<span style="color:#d33"><code style="color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit;">&#123;{$1}}</code>: this [[#$2|reference]] has errors</span>; messages may be hidden ([[Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display|help]]).'; -- $1 is template link; $2 is anchor ID ['warning_msg_m'] = '<span style="color:#085"><code style="color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit;">&#123;{$1}}</code>: this [[#$2|reference]] has maintenance messages</span>; messages may be hidden ([[Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display|help]]).'; -- $1 is template link; $2 is anchor ID } --[[--------------------------< C I T A T I O N _ C L A S S _ M A P >------------------------------------------ this table maps the value assigned to |CitationClass= in the cs1|2 templates to the canonical template name when the value assigned to |CitationClass= is different from the canonical template name. |CitationClass= values are used as class attributes in the <cite> tag that encloses the citation so these names may not contain spaces while the canonical template name may. These names are used in warning_msg_e and warning_msg_m to create links to the template's documentation when an article is displayed in preview mode. ]] local citation_class_map_t = { -- TODO: in Module:Cite/config write a function to use this table arxiv = 'cite arXiv', -- as the source for known_templates_t and citation_classes_t ['audio-visual'] = 'cite AV media', ['AV-media-notes'] = 'cite AV media notes', biorxiv = 'cite bioRxiv', book = 'cite book', citation = 'citation', citeseerx = 'cite CiteSeerX', conference = 'cite conference', document = 'cite document', encyclopaedia = 'cite encyclopedia', episode = 'cite episode', interview = 'cite interview', journal = 'cite journal', magazine = 'cite magazine', mailinglist = 'cite mailing list', map = 'cite map', medrxiv = 'cite medRxiv', news = 'cite news', newsgroup = 'cite newsgroup', podcast = 'cite podcast', pressrelease = 'cite press release', report = 'cite report', serial = 'cite serial', sign = 'cite sign', speech = 'cite speech', ssrn = 'cite SSRN', techreport = 'cite tech report', thesis = 'cite thesis', web = 'cite web', } --[=[-------------------------< E T _ A L _ P A T T E R N S >-------------------------------------------------- This table provides Lua patterns for the phrase "et al" and variants in name text (author, editor, etc.). The main module uses these to identify and emit the 'etal' message. ]=] local et_al_patterns = { "[;,]? *[\"']*%f[%a][Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll][%.;,\"']*$", -- variations on the 'et al' theme "[;,]? *[\"']*%f[%a][Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll][Ii][AaIi][Ee]?[%.;,\"']*$", -- variations on the 'et alia', 'et alii' and 'et aliae' themes (false positive 'et aliie' unlikely to match) "[;,]? *%f[%a]and [Oo]thers", -- an alternative to et al. "%[%[ *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *%]%]", -- a wikilinked form "%(%( *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *%)%)", -- a double-bracketed form (to counter partial removal of ((...)) syntax) "[%(%[] *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *[%)%]]", -- a bracketed form } --[[--------------------------< P R E S E N T A T I O N >------------------------ Fixed presentation markup. Originally part of citation_config.messages it has been moved into its own, more semantically correct place. ]] local presentation = { -- .citation-comment class is specified at Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display ['hidden-error'] = '<span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">$1</span>', ['visible-error'] = '<span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">$1</span>', ['hidden-maint'] = '<span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">$1</span>', ['accessdate'] = '<span class="reference-accessdate">$1$2</span>', -- to allow editors to hide accessdate using personal CSS ['bdi'] = '<bdi$1>$2</bdi>', -- bidirectional isolation used with |script-title= and the like ['cite'] = '<cite class="$1">$2</cite>'; -- for use when citation does not have a namelist and |ref= not set so no id="..." attribute ['cite-id'] = '<cite id="$1" class="$2">$3</cite>'; -- for use when when |ref= is set or when citation has a namelist ['format'] = ' <span class="cs1-format">($1)</span>', -- for |format=, |chapter-format=, etc. ['interwiki'] = ' <span class="cs1-format">[in $1]</span>', -- for interwiki-language-linked author, editor, etc ['interproj'] = ' <span class="cs1-format">[at $1]</span>', -- for interwiki-project-linked author, editor, etc (:d: and :s: supported; :w: ignored) -- various access levels, for |access=, |doi-access=, |arxiv=, ... -- narrow no-break space &#8239; may work better than nowrap CSS. Or not? Browser support? ['ext-link-access-signal'] = '<span class="$1" title="$2">$3</span>', -- external link with appropriate lock icon ['free'] = {class='id-lock-free', title='Freely accessible'}, -- classes defined in Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css ['registration'] = {class='id-lock-registration', title='Free registration required'}, ['limited'] = {class='id-lock-limited', title='Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required'}, ['subscription'] = {class='id-lock-subscription', title='Paid subscription required'}, ['interwiki-icon'] = '<span class="$1" title="$2">$3</span>', ['class-wikisource'] = 'cs1-ws-icon', ['italic-title'] = "''$1''", ['kern-left'] = '<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>$1', -- spacing to use when title contains leading single or double quote mark ['kern-right'] = '$1<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>', -- spacing to use when title contains trailing single or double quote mark ['nowrap1'] = '<span class="nowrap">$1</span>', -- for nowrapping an item: <span ...>yyyy-mm-dd</span> ['nowrap2'] = '<span class="nowrap">$1</span> $2', -- for nowrapping portions of an item: <span ...>dd mmmm</span> yyyy (note white space) ['ocins'] = '<span title="$1" class="Z3988"></span>', ['parameter'] = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', ['ps_cs1'] = '.'; -- CS1 style postscript (terminal) character ['ps_cs2'] = ''; -- CS2 style postscript (terminal) character (empty string) ['quoted-text'] = '<q>$1</q>', -- for wrapping |quote= content ['quoted-title'] = '"$1"', ['sep_cs1'] = '.', -- CS1 element separator ['sep_cs2'] = ',', -- CS2 separator ['sep_nl'] = ';', -- CS1|2 style name-list separator between names is a semicolon ['sep_nl_and'] = ' and ', -- used as last nl sep when |name-list-style=and and list has 2 items ['sep_nl_end'] = '; and ', -- used as last nl sep when |name-list-style=and and list has 3+ names ['sep_name'] = ', ', -- CS1|2 style last/first separator is <comma><space> ['sep_nl_vanc'] = ',', -- Vancouver style name-list separator between authors is a comma ['sep_name_vanc'] = ' ', -- Vancouver style last/first separator is a space ['sep_list'] = ', ', -- used for |language= when list has 3+ items except for last sep which uses sep_list_end ['sep_list_pair'] = ' and ', -- used for |language= when list has 2 items ['sep_list_end'] = ', and ', -- used as last list sep for |language= when list has 3+ items ['trans-italic-title'] = "&#91;''$1''&#93;", ['trans-quoted-title'] = "&#91;$1&#93;", -- for |trans-title= and |trans-quote= ['vol-bold'] = '$1 <b>$2</b>', -- sepc, volume; for bold journal cites; for other cites ['vol'] in messages{} } --[[--------------------------< A L I A S E S >--------------------------------- Aliases table for commonly passed parameters. Parameter names on the right side in the assignments in this table must have been defined in the Whitelist before they will be recognized as valid parameter names ]] local aliases = { ['AccessDate'] = {'access-date', 'accessdate'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Agency'] = 'agency', ['ArchiveDate'] = {'archive-date', 'archivedate'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['ArchiveFormat'] = 'archive-format', ['ArchiveURL'] = {'archive-url', 'archiveurl'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['ArticleNumber'] = 'article-number', ['ASINTLD'] = 'asin-tld', ['At'] = 'at', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Authors'] = {'people', 'credits'}, ['BookTitle'] = {'book-title', 'booktitle'}, ['Cartography'] = 'cartography', ['Chapter'] = {'chapter', 'contribution', 'entry', 'article', 'section'}, ['ChapterFormat'] = {'chapter-format', 'contribution-format', 'entry-format', 'article-format', 'section-format'}; ['ChapterURL'] = {'chapter-url', 'contribution-url', 'entry-url', 'article-url', 'section-url'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['ChapterUrlAccess'] = {'chapter-url-access', 'contribution-url-access', 'entry-url-access', 'article-url-access', 'section-url-access'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Class'] = 'class', -- cite arxiv and arxiv identifier ['Collaboration'] = 'collaboration', ['Conference'] = {'conference', 'event'}, ['ConferenceFormat'] = 'conference-format', ['ConferenceURL'] = 'conference-url', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Date'] = {'date', 'air-date', 'airdate'}, -- air-date and airdate for cite episode and cite serial only ['Degree'] = 'degree', ['DF'] = 'df', ['DisplayAuthors'] = {'display-authors', 'display-subjects'}, ['DisplayContributors'] = 'display-contributors', ['DisplayEditors'] = 'display-editors', ['DisplayInterviewers'] = 'display-interviewers', ['DisplayTranslators'] = 'display-translators', ['Docket'] = 'docket', ['DoiBroken'] = 'doi-broken-date', ['Edition'] = 'edition', ['Embargo'] = 'pmc-embargo-date', ['Encyclopedia'] = {'encyclopedia', 'encyclopaedia', 'dictionary'}, -- cite encyclopedia only ['Episode'] = 'episode', -- cite serial only TODO: make available to cite episode? ['Format'] = 'format', ['ID'] = {'id', 'ID'}, ['Inset'] = 'inset', ['Issue'] = {'issue', 'number'}, ['Language'] = {'language', 'lang'}, ['MailingList'] = {'mailing-list', 'mailinglist'}, -- cite mailing list only ['Map'] = 'map', -- cite map only ['MapFormat'] = 'map-format', -- cite map only ['MapURL'] = {'map-url', 'mapurl'}, -- cite map only -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['MapUrlAccess'] = 'map-url-access', -- cite map only -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Minutes'] = 'minutes', ['Mode'] = 'mode', ['NameListStyle'] = 'name-list-style', ['Network'] = 'network', ['Newsgroup'] = 'newsgroup', -- cite newsgroup only ['NoPP'] = {'no-pp', 'nopp'}, ['NoTracking'] = {'no-tracking', 'template-doc-demo'}, ['Number'] = 'number', -- this case only for cite techreport ['OrigDate'] = {'orig-date', 'orig-year', 'origyear'}, ['Others'] = 'others', ['Page'] = {'page', 'p'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Pages'] = {'pages', 'pp'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Periodical'] = {'journal', 'magazine', 'newspaper', 'periodical', 'website', 'work'}, ['Place'] = {'place', 'location'}, ['PostScript'] = 'postscript', ['PublicationDate'] = {'publication-date', 'publicationdate'}, ['PublicationPlace'] = {'publication-place', 'publicationplace'}, ['PublisherName'] = {'publisher', 'institution'}, ['Quote'] = {'quote', 'quotation'}, ['QuotePage'] = 'quote-page', ['QuotePages'] = 'quote-pages', ['Ref'] = 'ref', ['Scale'] = 'scale', ['ScriptChapter'] = {'script-chapter', 'script-contribution', 'script-entry', 'script-article', 'script-section'}, ['ScriptEncyclopedia'] = {'script-encyclopedia', 'script-encyclopaedia'}, -- cite encyclopedia only ['ScriptMap'] = 'script-map', ['ScriptPeriodical'] = {'script-journal', 'script-magazine', 'script-newspaper', 'script-periodical', 'script-website', 'script-work'}, ['ScriptQuote'] = 'script-quote', ['ScriptTitle'] = 'script-title', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Season'] = 'season', ['Sections'] = 'sections', -- cite map only ['Series'] = {'series', 'version'}, ['SeriesLink'] = {'series-link', 'serieslink'}, ['SeriesNumber'] = {'series-number', 'series-no'}, ['Sheet'] = 'sheet', -- cite map only ['Sheets'] = 'sheets', -- cite map only ['Station'] = 'station', ['Time'] = 'time', ['TimeCaption'] = 'time-caption', ['Title'] = 'title', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['TitleLink'] = {'title-link', 'episode-link', 'episodelink'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['TitleNote'] = {'title-note', 'department'}, ['TitleType'] = {'type', 'medium'}, ['TransChapter'] = {'trans-article', 'trans-chapter', 'trans-contribution', 'trans-entry', 'trans-section'}, ['Transcript'] = 'transcript', ['TranscriptFormat'] = 'transcript-format', ['TranscriptURL'] = 'transcript-url', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['TransEncyclopedia'] = {'trans-encyclopedia', 'trans-encyclopaedia'}, -- cite encyclopedia only ['TransMap'] = 'trans-map', -- cite map only ['TransPeriodical'] = {'trans-journal', 'trans-magazine', 'trans-newspaper', 'trans-periodical', 'trans-website', 'trans-work'}, ['TransQuote'] = 'trans-quote', ['TransTitle'] = 'trans-title', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['URL'] = {'url', 'URL'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['UrlAccess'] = 'url-access', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['UrlStatus'] = 'url-status', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Vauthors'] = 'vauthors', ['Veditors'] = 'veditors', ['Via'] = 'via', ['Volume'] = 'volume', ['Year'] = 'year', ['AuthorList-First'] = {"first#", "author-first#", "author#-first", "author-given#", "author#-given", "subject-first#", "subject#-first", "subject-given#", "subject#-given", "given#"}, ['AuthorList-Last'] = {"last#", "author-last#", "author#-last", "author-surname#", "author#-surname", "subject-last#", "subject#-last", "subject-surname#", "subject#-surname", "author#", 'host#', "subject#", "surname#"}, ['AuthorList-Link'] = {"author-link#", "author#-link", "subject-link#", "subject#-link", "authorlink#", "author#link"}, ['AuthorList-Mask'] = {"author-mask#", "author#-mask", "subject-mask#", "subject#-mask"}, ['ContributorList-First'] = {'contributor-first#', 'contributor#-first', 'contributor-given#', 'contributor#-given'}, ['ContributorList-Last'] = {'contributor-last#', 'contributor#-last', 'contributor-surname#', 'contributor#-surname', 'contributor#'}, ['ContributorList-Link'] = {'contributor-link#', 'contributor#-link'}, ['ContributorList-Mask'] = {'contributor-mask#', 'contributor#-mask'}, ['EditorList-First'] = {"editor-first#", "editor#-first", "editor-given#", "editor#-given"}, ['EditorList-Last'] = {"editor-last#", "editor#-last", "editor-surname#", "editor#-surname", "editor#"}, ['EditorList-Link'] = {"editor-link#", "editor#-link"}, ['EditorList-Mask'] = {"editor-mask#", "editor#-mask"}, ['InterviewerList-First'] = {'interviewer-first#', 'interviewer#-first', 'interviewer-given#', 'interviewer#-given'}, ['InterviewerList-Last'] = {'interviewer-last#', 'interviewer#-last', 'interviewer-surname#', 'interviewer#-surname', 'interviewer#'}, ['InterviewerList-Link'] = {'interviewer-link#', 'interviewer#-link'}, ['InterviewerList-Mask'] = {'interviewer-mask#', 'interviewer#-mask'}, ['TranslatorList-First'] = {'translator-first#', 'translator#-first', 'translator-given#', 'translator#-given'}, ['TranslatorList-Last'] = {'translator-last#', 'translator#-last', 'translator-surname#', 'translator#-surname', 'translator#'}, ['TranslatorList-Link'] = {'translator-link#', 'translator#-link'}, ['TranslatorList-Mask'] = {'translator-mask#', 'translator#-mask'}, } --[[--------------------------< D E P E N D E N C I E S _ T >-------------------------------------------------- a table of url-holding parameters upon which other parameters are dependent. this table is used by has_archive_today_url() to suppress parameters that are dependant upon a url-holding parameter that has as a value an archive.today (or alternate tld) url. archive.today is deprecated at en.wiki; see Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/Archive.is_RFC_5 ]] local url_dependency_map_t = { -- table of url-holding parameters and the meta-parameters that are dependent on them ['url'] = {'AccessDate', 'ArchiveURL', 'Format', 'UrlAccess'}, ['archive-url'] = {'ArchiveDate', 'ArchiveFormat', 'UrlStatus'}, ['archiveurl'] = {'ArchiveDate', 'ArchiveFormat', 'UrlStatus'}, ['article-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'}, ['chapter-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'}, ['conference-url'] = {'ConferenceFormat'}, ['contribution-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'}, ['entry-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'}, ['map-url'] = {'MapFormat', 'MapUrlAccess'}, ['section-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'}, ['transcript-url'] = {'TranscriptFormat'}, }; local dependencies_t = {}; -- the table of url-holding parameters and their dependent parameters for url_param, meta_parameters_t in pairs (url_dependency_map_t) do -- sequence of meta-parameters (indexes) into <aliases> table local dependant_params_t = {}; -- collection of parameters that are dependent on this <url_param> for _, meta_parameter in ipairs (meta_parameters_t) do -- for each <aliases> meta-parameter (index) if 'string' == type (aliases[meta_parameter]) then -- for single parameter names (no aliases), <aliases[meta_parameter]> will be a string table.insert (dependant_params_t, aliases[meta_parameter]); -- add to this <url_param>'s dependency sequence else for _, alias in ipairs (aliases[meta_parameter]) do -- for each alias in aliases[meta_parameter] (aliases['AccessDate'] for example) table.insert (dependant_params_t, alias); -- add to this <url_param>'s dependency sequence end end end dependencies_t[url_param] = dependant_params_t; -- add the <url_param> and its dependent parameters end --[[--------------------------< P U N C T _ S K I P >--------------------------- builds a table of parameter names that the extraneous terminal punctuation check should not check. ]] local punct_meta_params = { -- table of aliases[] keys (meta parameters); each key has a table of parameter names for a value 'BookTitle', 'Chapter', 'ScriptChapter', 'ScriptTitle', 'Title', 'TransChapter', 'Transcript', 'TransMap', 'TransTitle', -- title-holding parameters 'AuthorList-Mask', 'ContributorList-Mask', 'EditorList-Mask', 'InterviewerList-Mask', 'TranslatorList-Mask', -- name-list mask may have name separators 'PostScript', 'Quote', 'ScriptQuote', 'TransQuote', 'Ref', -- miscellaneous 'ArchiveURL', 'ChapterURL', 'ConferenceURL', 'MapURL', 'TranscriptURL', 'URL', -- URL-holding parameters } local url_meta_params = { -- table of aliases[] keys (meta parameters); each key has a table of parameter names for a value 'ArchiveURL', 'ChapterURL', 'ConferenceURL', 'ID', 'MapURL', 'TranscriptURL', 'URL', -- parameters allowed to hold urls 'Page', 'Pages', 'At', 'QuotePage', 'QuotePages', -- insource locators allowed to hold urls } local function build_skip_table (skip_t, meta_params) for _, meta_param in ipairs (meta_params) do -- for each meta parameter key local params = aliases[meta_param]; -- get the parameter or the table of parameters associated with the meta parameter name if 'string' == type (params) then skip_t[params] = 1; -- just a single parameter else for _, param in ipairs (params) do -- get the parameter name skip_t[param] = 1; -- add the parameter name to the skip table local count; param, count = param:gsub ('#', ''); -- remove enumerator marker from enumerated parameters if 0 ~= count then -- if removed skip_t[param] = 1; -- add param name without enumerator marker end end end end return skip_t; end local punct_skip = {}; local url_skip = {}; --[[--------------------------< U R L _ A C C E S S _ M A P >-------------------------------------------------- this table used by the wikipedia library url test, has_twl_url(), which automatically sets a url-access parameter to 'subscription' when it discovers a wikipedia library url in any of the url-holding paramters used as keys in this table. translators: if your wiki uses parameter names for these url-holding parameters and their matching -access parameters, add your wiki's parameters to this list. Leave the English parameters in place. TODO: is there a better way to do this? ]] local url_access_map_t = { ['chapter-url'] = 'chapter-url-access', ['contribution-url'] = 'contribution-url-access', ['entry-url'] = 'entry-url-access', ['article-url'] = 'article-url-access', ['section-url'] = 'section-url-access', ['map-url'] = 'map-url-access', ['mapurl'] = 'map-url-access', ['url'] = 'url-access', ['URL'] = 'url-access' } --[[--------------------------< S I N G L E - L E T T E R S E C O N D - L E V E L D O M A I N S >---------- this is a list of tlds that are known to have single-letter second-level domain names. This list does not include ccTLDs which are accepted in is_domain_name(). ]] local single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t = {'cash', 'company', 'foundation', 'media', 'org', 'today'}; --[[-----------< S P E C I A L C A S E T R A N S L A T I O N S >------------ This table is primarily here to support internationalization. Translations in this table are used, for example, when an error message, category name, etc., is extracted from the English alias key. There may be other cases where this translation table may be useful. ]] local is_Latn = 'A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143\225\184\128-\225\187\191'; local special_case_translation = { author = 'author', editor = 'editor', name_list_params = '$1-name-list parameters', -- $1 is 'author' or 'editor'; used with err_redundant_parameters ['AuthorList'] = 'authors list', -- used to assemble maintenance category names ['ContributorList'] = 'contributors list', -- translation of these names plus translation of the base maintenance category names in maint_cats{} table below ['EditorList'] = 'editors list', -- must match the names of the actual categories ['InterviewerList'] = 'interviewers list', -- this group or translations used by name_has_ed_markup() and name_has_mult_names() ['TranslatorList'] = 'translators list', -- Lua patterns to match pseudo-titles used by InternetArchiveBot and others as placeholder for unknown |title= value ['archived_copy'] = { -- used with CS1 maint: Archive[d] copy as title ['en'] = '^archived?%s+copy$', -- for English; translators: keep this because templates imported from en.wiki ['local'] = nil, -- translators: replace ['local'] = nil with lowercase translation only when bots or tools create generic titles in your language }, -- Lua patterns to match generic titles; usually created by bots or reference filling tools -- translators: replace ['local'] = nil with lowercase translation only when bots or tools create generic titles in your language -- generic titles and patterns in this table should be lowercase only -- leave ['local'] nil except when there is a matching generic title in your language -- boolean 'true' for plain-text searches; 'false' for pattern searches ['generic_titles'] = { ['accept'] = { }, ['reject'] = { {['en'] = {'^wayback%s+machine$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'are you a robot', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'hugedomains', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[%(%[{<]?no +title[>}%]%)]?$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'page not found', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'subscribe to read', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[%(%[{<]?unknown[>}%]%)]?$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'website is for sale', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^404', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'error[ %-]404', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'internet archive wayback machine', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'log into facebook', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'login • instagram', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'redirecting...', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'usurped title', true}, ['local'] = nil}, -- added by a GreenC bot {['en'] = {'wayback machine', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'webcite query result', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'wikiwix\'s cache', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'bot verification', true}, ['local'] = nil}, } }, -- boolean 'true' for plain-text searches, search string must be lowercase only -- boolean 'false' for pattern searches -- leave ['local'] nil except when there is a matching generic name in your language ['generic_names'] = { ['accept'] = { {['en'] = {'%[%[[^|]*%(author%) *|[^%]]*%]%]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, }, ['reject'] = { {['en'] = {'about us', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'%f[%a][Aa]dvisor%f[%A]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'allmusic', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'%f[%a][Aa]uthor%f[%A]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[Bb]ureau$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'business', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'cnn', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'collaborator', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[Cc]ompany$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'contributor', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'contact us', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'correspondent', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[Dd]esk$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'directory', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'%f[%(%[][%(%[]%s*eds?%.?%s*[%)%]]?$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'[,%.%s]%f[e]eds?%.?$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^eds?[%.,;]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[%(%[]%s*[Ee][Dd][Ss]?%.?%s*[%)%]]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'%f[%a][Ee]dited%f[%A]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'%f[%a][Ee]ditors?%f[%A]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'%f[%a][Ee]mail%f[%A]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'facebook', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'google', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[Gg]roup$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'home page', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[Ii]nc%.?$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'instagram', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'interviewer', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[Ll]imited$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'linkedIn', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[Nn]ews$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'[Nn]ews[ %-]?[Rr]oom', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'pinterest', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'policy', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'privacy', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'reuters', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'translator', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'tumblr', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'twitter', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'site name', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'statement', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'submitted', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'super.?user', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'%f['..is_Latn..'][Uu]ser%f[^'..is_Latn..']', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'updated', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'verfasser', true}, ['local'] = nil}, } } } --[[--------------------------< D A T E _ N A M E S >---------------------------------------------------------- This table of tables lists local language date names and fallback English date names. The code in Date_validation will look first in the local table for valid date names. If date names are not found in the local table, the code will look in the English table. Because citations can be copied to the local wiki from en.wiki, the English is required when the date-name translation function date_name_xlate() is used. In these tables, season numbering is defined by Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) Specification (https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/) which became part of ISO 8601 in 2019. See '§Sub-year groupings'. The standard defines various divisions using numbers 21-41. CS1|2 only supports generic seasons. EDTF does support the distinction between north and south hemisphere seasons but CS1|2 has no way to make that distinction. 33-36 = Quarter 1, Quarter 2, Quarter 3, Quarter 4 (3 months each) The standard does not address 'named' dates so, for the purposes of CS1|2, Easter and Christmas are defined here as 98 and 99, which should be out of the ISO 8601 (EDTF) range of uses for a while. local_date_names_from_mediawiki is a boolean. When set to: true – module will fetch local month names from MediaWiki for both date_names['local']['long'] and date_names['local']['short']; this will unconditionally overwrite manual translations false – module will *not* fetch local month names from MediaWiki Caveat lector: There is no guarantee that MediaWiki will provide short month names. At your wiki you can test the results of the MediaWiki fetch in the debug console with this command (the result is alpha sorted): =mw.dumpObject (p.date_names['local']) While the module can fetch month names from MediaWiki, it cannot fetch the quarter, season, and named date names from MediaWiki. Those must be translated manually. ]] local local_date_names_from_mediawiki = true; -- when false, manual translation required for date_names['local']['long'] and date_names['local']['short']; overwrites manual translations -- when true, module fetches long and short month names from MediaWiki local date_names = { ['en'] = { -- English ['long'] = {['January'] = 1, ['February'] = 2, ['March'] = 3, ['April'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['June'] = 6, ['July'] = 7, ['August'] = 8, ['September'] = 9, ['October'] = 10, ['November'] = 11, ['December'] = 12}, ['short'] = {['Jan'] = 1, ['Feb'] = 2, ['Mar'] = 3, ['Apr'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['Jun'] = 6, ['Jul'] = 7, ['Aug'] = 8, ['Sep'] = 9, ['Oct'] = 10, ['Nov'] = 11, ['Dec'] = 12}, ['quarter'] = {['First Quarter'] = 33, ['Second Quarter'] = 34, ['Third Quarter'] = 35, ['Fourth Quarter'] = 36}, ['season'] = {['Winter'] = 24, ['Spring'] = 21, ['Summer'] = 22, ['Fall'] = 23, ['Autumn'] = 23}, ['named'] = {['Easter'] = 98, ['Christmas'] = 99}, }, -- when local_date_names_from_mediawiki = false ['local'] = { -- replace these English date names with the local language equivalents ['long'] = {['January'] = 1, ['February'] = 2, ['March'] = 3, ['April'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['June'] = 6, ['July'] = 7, ['August'] = 8, ['September'] = 9, ['October'] = 10, ['November'] = 11, ['December'] = 12}, ['short'] = {['Jan'] = 1, ['Feb'] = 2, ['Mar'] = 3, ['Apr'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['Jun'] = 6, ['Jul'] = 7, ['Aug'] = 8, ['Sep'] = 9, ['Oct'] = 10, ['Nov'] = 11, ['Dec'] = 12}, ['quarter'] = {['First Quarter'] = 33, ['Second Quarter'] = 34, ['Third Quarter'] = 35, ['Fourth Quarter'] = 36}, ['season'] = {['Winter'] = 24, ['Spring'] = 21, ['Summer'] = 22, ['Fall'] = 23, ['Autumn'] = 23}, ['named'] = {['Easter'] = 98, ['Christmas'] = 99}, }, ['inv_local_long'] = {}, -- used in date reformatting & translation; copy of date_names['local'].long where k/v are inverted: [1]='<local name>' etc. ['inv_local_short'] = {}, -- used in date reformatting & translation; copy of date_names['local'].short where k/v are inverted: [1]='<local name>' etc. ['inv_local_quarter'] = {}, -- used in date translation; copy of date_names['local'].quarter where k/v are inverted: [1]='<local name>' etc. ['inv_local_season'] = {}, -- used in date translation; copy of date_names['local'].season where k/v are inverted: [1]='<local name>' etc. ['inv_local_named'] = {}, -- used in date translation; copy of date_names['local'].named where k/v are inverted: [1]='<local name>' etc. ['local_digits'] = {['0'] = '0', ['1'] = '1', ['2'] = '2', ['3'] = '3', ['4'] = '4', ['5'] = '5', ['6'] = '6', ['7'] = '7', ['8'] = '8', ['9'] = '9'}, -- used to convert local language digits to Western 0-9 ['xlate_digits'] = {}, } if local_date_names_from_mediawiki then -- if fetching local month names from MediaWiki is enabled local long_t = {}; local short_t = {}; for i=1, 12 do -- loop 12x and local name = lang_obj:formatDate('F', '2022-' .. i .. '-1'); -- get long month name for each i long_t[name] = i; -- save it name = lang_obj:formatDate('M', '2022-' .. i .. '-1'); -- get short month name for each i short_t[name] = i; -- save it end date_names['local']['long'] = long_t; -- write the long table – overwrites manual translation date_names['local']['short'] = short_t; -- write the short table – overwrites manual translation end -- create inverted date-name tables for reformatting and/or translation for _, invert_t in pairs {{'long', 'inv_local_long'}, {'short', 'inv_local_short'}, {'quarter', 'inv_local_quarter'}, {'season', 'inv_local_season'}, {'named', 'inv_local_named'}} do for name, i in pairs (date_names['local'][invert_t[1]]) do -- this table is ['name'] = i date_names[invert_t[2]][i] = name; -- invert to get [i] = 'name' for conversions from ymd end end if local_digits_from_mediawiki then -- if fetching local digits from MediaWiki is enabled local digits_t = {}; for i=0, 9 do -- loop 10x and digits_t [lang_obj:formatNum (i)] = tostring (i); -- format the loop indexer as local lang table index and assign loop indexer (a string) as the value end date_names['local_digits'] = digits_t; end for ld, ed in pairs (date_names.local_digits) do -- make a digit translation table for simple date translation from en to local language using local_digits table date_names.xlate_digits [ed] = ld; -- en digit becomes index with local digit as the value end local df_template_patterns = { -- table of redirects to {{Use dmy dates}} and {{Use mdy dates}} '{{ *[Uu]se +(dmy) +dates *[|}]', -- 1159k -- sorted by approximate transclusion count '{{ *[Uu]se +(mdy) +dates *[|}]', -- 212k '{{ *[Uu]se +(MDY) +dates *[|}]', -- 788 '{{ *[Uu]se +(DMY) +dates *[|}]', -- 343 '{{ *([Mm]dy) *[|}]', -- 176 '{{ *[Uu]se *(dmy) *[|}]', -- 156 + 18 '{{ *[Uu]se *(mdy) *[|}]', -- 149 + 11 '{{ *([Dd]my) *[|}]', -- 56 '{{ *[Uu]se +(MDY) *[|}]', -- 5 '{{ *([Dd]MY) *[|}]', -- 3 '{{ *[Uu]se(mdy)dates *[|}]', -- 1 '{{ *[Uu]se +(DMY) *[|}]', -- 0 '{{ *([Mm]DY) *[|}]', -- 0 } local title_object = mw.title.getCurrentTitle(); local content; -- done this way so that unused templates appear in unused-template-reports; self-transcluded makes them look like they are used if 10 ~= title_object.namespace then -- all namespaces except Template content = title_object:getContent() or ''; -- get the content of the article or ''; new pages edited w/ve do not have 'content' until saved; ve does not preview; phab:T221625 end local function get_date_format () if not content then -- nil content when we're in template return nil; -- auto-formatting does not work in Template space so don't set global_df end for _, pattern in ipairs (df_template_patterns) do -- loop through the patterns looking for {{Use dmy dates}} or {{Use mdy dates}} or any of their redirects local start, _, match = content:find(pattern); -- match is the three letters indicating desired date format if match then local use_dates_template = content:match ('%b{}', start); -- get the whole template if use_dates_template:match ('| *cs1%-dates *= *[lsy][sy]?') then -- look for |cs1-dates=publication date length access-/archive-date length return match:lower() .. '-' .. use_dates_template:match ('| *cs1%-dates *= *([lsy][sy]?)'); else return match:lower() .. '-all'; -- no |cs1-dates= k/v pair; return value appropriate for use in |df= end end end end --[[-----------------< V O L U M E , I S S U E , P A G E S >------------------ These tables hold cite class values (from the template invocation) and identify those templates that support |volume=, |issue=, and |page(s)= parameters. Cite conference and cite map require further qualification which is handled in the main module. ]] local templates_using_volume = {'citation', 'audio-visual', 'book', 'conference', 'encyclopaedia', 'interview', 'journal', 'magazine', 'map', 'news', 'report', 'techreport', 'thesis'} local templates_using_issue = {'citation', 'conference', 'episode', 'interview', 'journal', 'magazine', 'map', 'news', 'podcast'} local templates_not_using_page = {'audio-visual', 'episode', 'mailinglist', 'newsgroup', 'podcast', 'serial', 'sign', 'speech'} --[[ These tables control when it is appropriate for {{citation}} to render |volume= and/or |issue=. The parameter names in the tables constrain {{citation}} so that its renderings match the renderings of the equivalent cs1 templates. For example, {{cite web}} does not support |volume= so the equivalent {{citation |website=...}} must not support |volume=. ]] local citation_no_volume_t = { -- {{citation}} does not render |volume= when these parameters are used 'website', 'mailinglist', 'script-website', } local citation_issue_t = { -- {{citation}} may render |issue= when these parameters are used 'journal', 'magazine', 'newspaper', 'periodical', 'work', 'script-journal', 'script-magazine', 'script-newspaper', 'script-periodical', 'script-work', } --[[ Patterns for finding extra text in |volume=, |issue=, |page=, |pages= ]] local vol_iss_pg_patterns = { good_ppattern = '^P[^%.PpGg]', -- OK to begin with uppercase P: P7 (page 7 of section P), but not p123 (page 123); TODO: this allows 'Pages' which it should not bad_ppatterns = { -- patterns for |page= and |pages= '^[Pp][PpGg]?%.?[ %d]', '^[Pp][Pp]?%.&nbsp;', -- from {{p.}} and {{pp.}} templates '^[Pp]ages?', '^[Pp]gs.?', }, vi_patterns_t = { -- combined to catch volume-like text in |issue= and issue-like text in |volume= '^volumes?', -- volume-like text '^vols?[%.:=]?', '^issues?', --issue-like text '^iss[%.:=]?', '^numbers?', '^nos?%A', -- don't match 'november' or 'nostradamus' '^nr[%.:=]?', '^n[%.:= ]', -- might be a valid issue without separator (space char is sep char here) '^n°', -- 'n' with degree sign (U+00B0) '^№', -- precomposed unicode numero character (U+2116) }, } --[[--------------------------< K E Y W O R D S >------------------------------- These tables hold keywords for those parameters that have defined sets of acceptable keywords. ]] --[[-------------------< K E Y W O R D S T A B L E >-------------------------- this is a list of keywords; each key in the list is associated with a table of synonymous keywords possibly from different languages. for I18N: add local-language keywords to value table; do not change the key. For example, adding the German keyword 'ja': ['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y', 'ja'}, Because CS1|2 templates from en.wiki articles are often copied to other local wikis, it is recommended that the English keywords remain in these tables. ]] local keywords = { ['amp'] = {'&', 'amp', 'ampersand'}, -- |name-list-style= ['and'] = {'and', 'serial'}, -- |name-list-style= ['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y'}, -- |no-tracking=, |no-pp= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['afterword'] = {'afterword'}, -- |contribution= ['bot: unknown'] = {'bot: unknown'}, -- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['cs1'] = {'cs1'}, -- |mode= ['cs2'] = {'cs2'}, -- |mode= ['dead'] = {'dead', 'deviated'}, -- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['dmy'] = {'dmy'}, -- |df= ['dmy-all'] = {'dmy-all'}, -- |df= etal = {'etal'}, -- |display-authors=, etc ['foreword'] = {'foreword'}, -- |contribution= ['free'] = {'free'}, -- |<id>-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['harv'] = {'harv'}, -- |ref=; this no longer supported; is_valid_parameter_value() called with <invert> = true ['introduction'] = {'introduction'}, -- |contribution= ['limited'] = {'limited'}, -- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['live'] = {'live'}, -- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['mdy'] = {'mdy'}, -- |df= ['mdy-all'] = {'mdy-all'}, -- |df= ['none'] = {'none'}, -- |postscript=, |ref=, |title=, |type= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['off'] = {'off'}, -- |title= (potentially also: |title-link=, |postscript=, |ref=, |type=) ['preface'] = {'preface'}, -- |contribution= ['registration'] = {'registration'}, -- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['subscription'] = {'subscription'}, -- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['unfit'] = {'unfit'}, -- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['usurped'] = {'usurped'}, -- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['vanc'] = {'vanc'}, -- |name-list-style= ['ymd'] = {'ymd'}, -- |df= ['ymd-all'] = {'ymd-all'}, -- |df= -- ['yMd'] = {'yMd'}, -- |df=; not supported at en.wiki -- ['yMd-all'] = {'yMd-all'}, -- |df=; not supported at en.wiki } --[[------------------------< X L A T E _ K E Y W O R D S >--------------------- this function builds a list, keywords_xlate{}, of the keywords found in keywords{} where the values from keywords{} become the keys in keywords_xlate{} and the keys from keywords{} become the values in keywords_xlate{}: ['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y'}, -- in keywords{} becomes ['yes'] = 'affirmative', -- in keywords_xlate{} ['true'] = 'affirmative', ['y'] = 'affirmative', the purpose of this function is to act as a translator between a non-English keyword and its English equivalent that may be used in other modules of this suite ]] local function xlate_keywords () local out_table = {}; -- output goes here for k, keywords_t in pairs (keywords) do -- spin through the keywords table for _, keyword in ipairs (keywords_t) do -- for each keyword out_table[keyword] = k; -- create an entry in the output table where keyword is the key end end return out_table; end local keywords_xlate = xlate_keywords (); -- the list of translated keywords --[[----------------< M A K E _ K E Y W O R D S _ L I S T >--------------------- this function assembles, for parameter-value validation, the list of keywords appropriate to that parameter. keywords_lists{}, is a table of tables from keywords{} ]] local function make_keywords_list (keywords_lists) local out_table = {}; -- output goes here for _, keyword_list in ipairs (keywords_lists) do -- spin through keywords_lists{} and get a table of keywords for _, keyword in ipairs (keyword_list) do -- spin through keyword_list{} and add each keyword, ... table.insert (out_table, keyword); -- ... as plain text, to the output list end end return out_table; end --[[----------------< K E Y W O R D S _ L I S T S >----------------------------- this is a list of lists of valid keywords for the various parameters in [key]. Generally the keys in this table are the canonical en.wiki parameter names though some are contrived because of use in multiple differently named parameters: ['yes_true_y'], ['id-access']. The function make_keywords_list() extracts the individual keywords from the appropriate list in keywords{}. The lists in this table are used to validate the keyword assignment for the parameters named in this table's keys. ]] local keywords_lists = { ['yes_true_y'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.affirmative}), ['contribution'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.afterword, keywords.foreword, keywords.introduction, keywords.preface}), ['df'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dmy, keywords['dmy-all'], keywords.mdy, keywords['mdy-all'], keywords.ymd, keywords['ymd-all']}), -- ['df'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dmy, keywords['dmy-all'], keywords.mdy, keywords['mdy-all'], keywords.ymd, keywords['ymd-all'], keywords.yMd, keywords['yMd-all']}), -- not supported at en.wiki ['mode'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.cs1, keywords.cs2}), ['name-list-style'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.amp, keywords['and'], keywords.vanc}), ['ref'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.harv}), -- inverted check; |ref=harv no longer supported ['url-access'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.subscription, keywords.limited, keywords.registration}), ['url-status'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dead, keywords.live, keywords.unfit, keywords.usurped, keywords['bot: unknown']}), ['id-access'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.free}), } --[[--------------------------< C S 1 _ C O N F I G _ G E T >-------------------------------------------------- fetch and validate values from {{cs1 config}} template to fill <global_cs1_config_t> no error messages; when errors are detected, the parameter value from {{cs1 config}} is blanked. Supports all parameters and aliases associated with the metaparameters: DisplayAuthors, DisplayContributors, DisplayEditors, DisplayInterviewers, DisplayTranslators, NameListStyle, and Mode. The DisplayWhatever metaparameters accept numeric values only (|display-authors=etal and the like is not supported). ]] local global_cs1_config_t = {}; -- TODO: add value returned from get_date_format() to this table? local function get_cs1_config () if not content then -- nil content when we're in template return nil; -- auto-formatting does not work in Template space so don't set global_df end local start = content:find('{{ *[Cc][Ss]1 config *[|}]'); -- <start> is offset into <content> when {{cs1 config}} found; nil else if start then local cs1_config_template = content:match ('%b{}', start); -- get the whole template if not cs1_config_template then return nil; end local params_t = mw.text.split (cs1_config_template:gsub ('^{{%s*', ''):gsub ('%s*}}$', ''), '%s*|%s*'); -- remove '{{' and '}}'; make a sequence of parameter/value pairs (split on the pipe) table.remove (params_t, 1); -- remove the template name because it isn't a parameter/value pair local config_meta_params_t = {'DisplayAuthors', 'DisplayContributors', 'DisplayEditors', 'DisplayInterviewers', 'DisplayTranslators', 'NameListStyle', 'Mode'}; local meta_param_map_t = {}; -- list of accepted parameter names usable in {{cs1 config}} goes here for _, meta_param in ipairs (config_meta_params_t) do -- for i18n using <config_meta_params_t>, map template parameter names to their metaparameter equivalents if 'table' == type (aliases[meta_param]) then -- if <meta_param> is a sequence, for _, param in ipairs (aliases[meta_param]) do -- extract its contents meta_param_map_t[param] = meta_param; -- and add to <meta_param_map_t> end else meta_param_map_t[aliases[meta_param]] = meta_param; -- not a sequence so just add the parameter to <meta_param_map_t> end end local keywords_t = {}; -- map valid keywords to their associate metaparameter; reverse form of <keyword_lists[key] for these metaparameters for _, metaparam_t in ipairs ({{'NameListStyle', 'name-list-style'}, {'Mode', 'mode'}}) do -- only these metaparameter / keywords_lists key pairs for _, keyword in ipairs (keywords_lists[metaparam_t[2]]) do -- spin through the list of keywords keywords_t[keyword] = metaparam_t[1]; -- add [keyword] = metaparameter to the map end end for _, param in ipairs (params_t) do -- spin through the {{cs1 config}} parameters and fill <global_cs1_config_t> local k, v = param:match ('([^=]-)%s*=%s*(.+)'); -- <k> is the parameter name; <v> is parameter's assigned value if k then if k:find ('^display') then -- if <k> is one of the |display-<namelist>= parameters if v:match ('%d+') then -- the assigned value must be digits; doesn't accept 'etal' global_cs1_config_t[meta_param_map_t[k]]=v; -- add the display param and its value to globals table end else if keywords_t[v] == meta_param_map_t[k] then -- keywords_t[v] returns nil or the metaparam name; these must be the same global_cs1_config_t[meta_param_map_t[k]]=v; -- add the parameter and its value to globals table end end end end end end get_cs1_config (); -- fill <global_cs1_config_t> --[[---------------------< S T R I P M A R K E R S >---------------------------- Common pattern definition location for stripmarkers so that we don't have to go hunting for them if (when) MediaWiki changes their form. ]] local stripmarkers = { ['any'] = '\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-(%a+)%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127', -- capture returns name of stripmarker ['math'] = '\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-math%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127' -- math stripmarkers used in coins_cleanup() and coins_replace_math_stripmarker() } --[[------------< I N V I S I B L E _ C H A R A C T E R S >--------------------- This table holds non-printing or invisible characters indexed either by name or by Unicode group. Values are decimal representations of UTF-8 codes. The table is organized as a table of tables because the Lua pairs keyword returns table data in an arbitrary order. Here, we want to process the table from top to bottom because the entries at the top of the table are also found in the ranges specified by the entries at the bottom of the table. Also here is a pattern that recognizes stripmarkers that begin and end with the delete characters. The nowiki stripmarker is not an error but some others are because the parameter values that include them become part of the template's metadata before stripmarker replacement. ]] local invisible_defs = { del = '\127', -- used to distinguish between stripmarker and del char zwj = '\226\128\141', -- used with capture because zwj may be allowed } local invisible_chars = { {'replacement', '\239\191\189'}, -- U+FFFD, EF BF BD {'zero width joiner', '('.. invisible_defs.zwj .. ')'}, -- U+200D, E2 80 8D; capture because zwj may be allowed {'zero width space', '\226\128\139'}, -- U+200B, E2 80 8B {'hair space', '\226\128\138'}, -- U+200A, E2 80 8A {'soft hyphen', '\194\173'}, -- U+00AD, C2 AD {'horizontal tab', '\009'}, -- U+0009 (HT), 09 {'line feed', '\010'}, -- U+000A (LF), 0A {'no-break space', '\194\160'}, -- U+00A0 (NBSP), C2 A0 {'carriage return', '\013'}, -- U+000D (CR), 0D {'stripmarker', stripmarkers.any}, -- stripmarker; may or may not be an error; capture returns the stripmaker type {'delete', '('.. invisible_defs.del .. ')'}, -- U+007F (DEL), 7F; must be done after stripmarker test; capture to distinguish isolated del chars not part of stripmarker {'C0 control', '[\000-\008\011\012\014-\031]'}, -- U+0000–U+001F (NULL–US), 00–1F (except HT, LF, CR (09, 0A, 0D)) {'C1 control', '[\194\128-\194\159]'}, -- U+0080–U+009F (XXX–APC), C2 80 – C2 9F -- {'Specials', '[\239\191\185-\239\191\191]'}, -- U+FFF9-U+FFFF, EF BF B9 – EF BF BF -- {'Private use area', '[\238\128\128-\239\163\191]'}, -- U+E000–U+F8FF, EE 80 80 – EF A3 BF -- {'Supplementary Private Use Area-A', '[\243\176\128\128-\243\191\191\189]'}, -- U+F0000–U+FFFFD, F3 B0 80 80 – F3 BF BF BD -- {'Supplementary Private Use Area-B', '[\244\128\128\128-\244\143\191\189]'}, -- U+100000–U+10FFFD, F4 80 80 80 – F4 8F BF BD } --[[ Indic script makes use of zero width joiner as a character modifier so zwj characters must be left in. This pattern covers all of the unicode characters for these languages: Devanagari 0900–097F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0900.pdf Devanagari extended A8E0–A8FF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA8E0.pdf Bengali 0980–09FF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0980.pdf Gurmukhi 0A00–0A7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A00.pdf Gujarati 0A80–0AFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A80.pdf Oriya 0B00–0B7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B00.pdf Tamil 0B80–0BFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B80.pdf Telugu 0C00–0C7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C00.pdf Kannada 0C80–0CFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C80.pdf Malayalam 0D00–0D7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D00.pdf plus the not-necessarily Indic scripts for Sinhala and Burmese: Sinhala 0D80-0DFF - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D80.pdf Myanmar 1000-109F - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1000.pdf Myanmar extended A AA60-AA7F - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UAA60.pdf Myanmar extended B A9E0-A9FF - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA9E0.pdf the pattern is used by has_invisible_chars() and coins_cleanup() ]] local indic_script = '[\224\164\128-\224\181\191\224\163\160-\224\183\191\225\128\128-\225\130\159\234\167\160-\234\167\191\234\169\160-\234\169\191]'; -- list of emoji that use a zwj character (U+200D) to combine with another emoji -- from: https://unicode.org/Public/emoji/17.0/emoji-zwj-sequences.txt; version: 17.0; 2025-01-08 -- table created by: [[:en:Module:Make emoji zwj table]] local emoji_t = { -- indexes are decimal forms of the hex values in U+xxxx [8596] = true, -- U+2194 ↔ left right arrow [8597] = true, -- U+2195 ↕ up down arrow [9760] = true, -- U+2620 ☠ skull and crossbones [9792] = true, -- U+2640 ♀ female sign [9794] = true, -- U+2642 ♂ male sign [9877] = true, -- U+2695 ⚕ staff of aesculapius [9878] = true, -- U+2696 ⚖ scales [9895] = true, -- U+26A7 ⚧ male with stroke and male and female sign [9992] = true, -- U+2708 ✈ airplane [10052] = true, -- U+2744 ❄ snowflake [10084] = true, -- U+2764 ❤ heavy black heart [10145] = true, -- U+27A1 ➡ black rightwards arrow [11035] = true, -- U+2B1B ⬛ black large square [127752] = true, -- U+1F308 🌈 rainbow [127787] = true, -- U+1F32B 🌫 fog [127806] = true, -- U+1F33E 🌾 ear of rice [127859] = true, -- U+1F373 🍳 cooking [127868] = true, -- U+1F37C 🍼 baby bottle [127876] = true, -- U+1F384 🎄 christmas tree [127891] = true, -- U+1F393 🎓 graduation cap [127908] = true, -- U+1F3A4 🎤 microphone [127912] = true, -- U+1F3A8 🎨 artist palette [127979] = true, -- U+1F3EB 🏫 school [127981] = true, -- U+1F3ED 🏭 factory [128048] = true, -- U+1F430 🐰 rabbit face [128102] = true, -- U+1F466 👦 boy [128103] = true, -- U+1F467 👧 girl [128104] = true, -- U+1F468 👨 man [128105] = true, -- U+1F469 👩 woman [128139] = true, -- U+1F48B 💋 kiss mark [128165] = true, -- U+1F4A5 💥 collision symbol [128168] = true, -- U+1F4A8 💨 dash symbol [128171] = true, -- U+1F4AB 💫 dizzy symbol [128187] = true, -- U+1F4BB 💻 personal computer [128188] = true, -- U+1F4BC 💼 brief case [128293] = true, -- U+1F525 🔥 fire [128295] = true, -- U+1F527 🔧 wrench [128300] = true, -- U+1F52C 🔬 microscope [128488] = true, -- U+1F5E8 🗨 left speech bubble [128640] = true, -- U+1F680 🚀 rocket [128658] = true, -- U+1F692 🚒 fire engine [129001] = true, -- U+1F7E9 🟩 large green square [129003] = true, -- U+1F7EB 🟫 large brown square [129309] = true, -- U+1F91D 🤝 handshake [129455] = true, -- U+1F9AF 🦯 probing cane [129456] = true, -- U+1F9B0 🦰 emoji component red hair [129457] = true, -- U+1F9B1 🦱 emoji component curly hair [129458] = true, -- U+1F9B2 🦲 emoji component bald [129459] = true, -- U+1F9B3 🦳 emoji component white hair [129466] = true, -- U+1F9BA 🦺 safety vest [129468] = true, -- U+1F9BC 🦼 motorized wheelchair [129469] = true, -- U+1F9BD 🦽 manual wheelchair [129489] = true, -- U+1F9D1 🧑 adult [129490] = true, -- U+1F9D2 🧒 child [129648] = true, -- U+1FA70 🩰 ballet shoes [129657] = true, -- U+1FA79 🩹 adhesive bandage [129775] = true, -- U+1FAEF 🫯 fight cloud [129778] = true, -- U+1FAF2 🫲 leftwards hand } --[[----------------------< L A N G U A G E S U P P O R T >------------------- These tables and constants support various language-specific functionality. ]] --local this_wiki_code = mw.getContentLanguage():getCode(); -- get this wiki's language code local this_wiki_code = lang_obj:getCode(); -- get this wiki's language code if string.match (mw.site.server, 'wikidata') then this_wiki_code = mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('int', {'lang'}); -- on Wikidata so use interface language setting instead end local mw_languages_by_tag_t = mw.language.fetchLanguageNames (this_wiki_code, 'all'); -- get a table of language tag/name pairs known to Wikimedia; used for interwiki tests local mw_languages_by_name_t = {}; for k, v in pairs (mw_languages_by_tag_t) do -- build a 'reversed' table name/tag language pairs know to MediaWiki; used for |language= v = mw.ustring.lower (v); -- lowercase for tag fetch; get name's proper case from mw_languages_by_tag_t[<tag>] if mw_languages_by_name_t[v] then -- when name already in the table if 2 == #k or 3 == #k then -- if tag does not have subtags mw_languages_by_name_t[v] = k; -- prefer the shortest tag for this name end else -- here when name not in the table mw_languages_by_name_t[v] = k; -- so add name and matching tag end end local inter_wiki_map = {}; -- map of interwiki prefixes that are language-code prefixes for k, v in pairs (mw.site.interwikiMap ('local')) do -- spin through the base interwiki map (limited to local) if mw_languages_by_tag_t[v["prefix"]] then -- if the prefix matches a known language tag inter_wiki_map[v["prefix"]] = true; -- add it to our local map end end --[[--------------------< S C R I P T _ L A N G _ C O D E S >------------------- This table is used to hold ISO 639-1 two-character and ISO 639-3 three-character language codes that apply only to |script-title= and |script-chapter= ]] local script_lang_codes = { 'ab', 'am', 'ar', 'as', 'az', 'be', 'bg', 'bn', 'bo', 'bs', 'ce', 'chr', 'cu', 'dv', 'dz', 'el', 'fa', 'grc', 'gu', 'he', 'hi', 'hy', 'ja', 'ka', 'kaa', 'kk', 'km', 'kn', 'ko', 'ku', 'ky', 'lo', 'mk', 'ml', 'mn', 'mni', 'mr', 'my', 'ne', 'or', 'ota', 'pa', 'ps', 'ru', 'sd', 'si', 'sr', 'syc', 'ta', 'te', 'tg', 'th', 'ti', 'tkr', 'tt', 'ug', 'uk', 'ur', 'uz', 'yi', 'yue', 'zh', 'zgh' }; --[[---------------< L A N G U A G E R E M A P P I N G >---------------------- These tables hold language information that is different (correct) from MediaWiki's definitions For each ['<tag>'] = 'language name' in lang_code_remap{} there must be a matching ['language name'] = {'language name', '<tag>'} in lang_name_remap{} lang_tag_remap{}: key is always lowercase ISO 639-1, -2, -3 language tag or a valid lowercase IETF language tag value is properly spelled and capitalized language name associated with <tag> only one language name per <tag>; key/value pair must have matching entry in lang_name_remap{} lang_name_remap{}: key is always lowercase language name value is a table the holds correctly spelled and capitalized language name [1] and associated tag [2] (tag must match a tag key in lang_tag_remap{}) may have multiple keys referring to a common preferred name and tag; For example: ['kolsch'] and ['kölsch'] both refer to 'Kölsch' and 'ksh' ]] local lang_tag_remap = { -- used for |language= and |script-title= / |script-chapter= ['als'] = 'Tosk Albanian', -- MediaWiki returns Alemannisch ['bh'] = 'Bihari', -- MediaWiki uses 'bh' as a subdomain name for Bhojpuri Wikipedia: bh.wikipedia.org ['bla'] = 'Blackfoot', -- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Siksika; use en.wiki preferred name ['bn'] = 'Bengali', -- MediaWiki returns Bangla ['ca-valencia'] = 'Valencian', -- IETF variant of Catalan ['fkv'] = 'Kven', -- MediaWiki returns Kvensk ['gsw'] = 'Swiss German', ['ilo'] = 'Ilocano', -- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Iloko; use en.wiki preferred name ['ksh'] = 'Kölsch', -- MediaWiki: Colognian; use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name ['ksh-x-colog'] = 'Colognian', -- override MediaWiki ksh; no IANA/ISO 639 code for Colognian; IETF private code created at Module:Lang/data ['mis-x-ripuar'] = 'Ripuarian', -- override MediaWiki ksh; no IANA/ISO 639 code for Ripuarian; IETF private code created at Module:Lang/data ['nan-tw'] = 'Taiwanese Hokkien', -- make room for MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639 nan: Min Nan Chinese and support en.wiki preferred name ['sr-ec'] = 'Serbian (Cyrillic script)', -- MediaWiki returns српски (ћирилица) ['sr-el'] = 'Serbian (Latin script)', -- MediaWiki returns srpski (latinica) } local lang_name_remap = { -- used for |language=; names require proper capitalization; tags must be lowercase ['alemannic'] = {'Swiss German', 'gsw'}, -- ISO 639-2, -3 alternate for Swiss German; MediaWiki mediawiki returns Alemannic for gsw; en.wiki preferred name ['alemannisch'] = {'Swiss German', 'gsw'}, -- not an ISO or IANA language name; MediaWiki uses 'als' as a subdomain name for Alemannic Wikipedia: als.wikipedia.org ['bangla'] = {'Bengali', 'bn'}, -- MediaWiki returns Bangla (the endonym) but we want Bengali (the exonym); here we remap ['bengali'] = {'Bengali', 'bn'}, -- MediaWiki doesn't use exonym so here we provide correct language name and 639-1 code ['bhojpuri'] = {'Bhojpuri', 'bho'}, -- MediaWiki uses 'bh' as a subdomain name for Bhojpuri Wikipedia: bh.wikipedia.org ['bihari'] = {'Bihari', 'bh'}, -- MediaWiki replaces 'Bihari' with 'Bhojpuri' so 'Bihari' cannot be found ['blackfoot'] = {'Blackfoot', 'bla'}, -- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Siksika; use en.wiki preferred name ['colognian'] = {'Colognian', 'ksh-x-colog'}, -- MediaWiki preferred name for ksh ['ilocano'] = {'Ilocano', 'ilo'}, -- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Iloko; use en.wiki preferred name ['kolsch'] = {'Kölsch', 'ksh'}, -- use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name (use non-diacritical o instead of umlaut ö) ['kölsch'] = {'Kölsch', 'ksh'}, -- use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name ['kven'] = {'Kven', 'fkv'}, -- Unicode CLDR have decided not to support English language name for these two... ['kvensk'] = {'Kven', 'fkv'}, -- ...they say to refer to IANA registry for English names ['ripuarian'] = {'Ripuarian', 'mis-x-ripuar'}, -- group of dialects; no code in MediaWiki or in IANA/ISO 639 ['serbian (cyrillic script)'] = {'Serbian (Cyrillic script)', 'sr-cyrl'}, -- special case to get correct tag when |language=sr-ec ['serbian (latin script)'] = {'Serbian (Latin script)', 'sr-latn'}, -- special case to get correct tag when |language=sr-el ['swiss german'] = {'Swiss German', 'gsw'}, ['taiwanese hokkien'] = {'Taiwanese Hokkien', 'nan-tw'}, -- make room for MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639 nan: Min Nan Chinese ['tosk albanian'] = {'Tosk Albanian', 'als'}, -- MediaWiki replaces 'Tosk Albanian' with 'Alemannisch' so 'Tosk Albanian' cannot be found ['valencian'] = {'Valencian', 'ca-valencia'}, -- variant of Catalan; categorizes as Valencian } --[[---------------< P R O P E R T I E S _ C A T E G O R I E S >---------------- Properties categories. These are used for investigating qualities of citations. ]] local prop_cats = { ['foreign-lang-source'] = 'CS1 $1-language sources ($2)', -- |language= categories; $1 is foreign-language name, $2 is ISO639-1 code ['foreign-lang-source-2'] = 'CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)|$1', -- |language= category; a cat for ISO639-2 languages; $1 is the ISO 639-2 code used as a sort key ['interproj-linked-name'] = 'CS1 interproject-linked names|$1', -- any author, editor, etc that has an interproject link; $1 is interproject tag used as a sort key ['interwiki-linked-name'] = 'CS1 interwiki-linked names|$1', -- any author, editor, etc that has an interwiki link; $1 is interwiki tag used as a sort key; yeilds to interproject ['local-lang-source'] = 'CS1 $1-language sources ($2)', -- |language= categories; $1 is local-language name, $2 is ISO639-1 code; not emitted when local_lang_cat_enable is false ['location-test'] = 'CS1 location test', ['long-vol'] = 'CS1: long volume value', -- probably temporary cat to identify scope of |volume= values longer than 4 characters ['script'] = 'CS1 uses $1-language script ($2)', -- |script-title=xx: has matching category; $1 is language name, $2 is language tag ['tracked-param'] = 'CS1 tracked parameter: $1', -- $1 is base (enumerators removed) parameter name ['unfit'] = 'CS1: unfit URL', -- |url-status=unfit or |url-status=usurped; used to be a maint cat ['vanc-accept'] = 'CS1:Vancouver names with accept markup', -- for |vauthors=/|veditors= with accept-as-written markup ['year-range-abbreviated'] = 'CS1: abbreviated year range', -- probably temporary cat to identify scope of |date=, |year= values using YYYY–YY form } --[[-------------------< T I T L E _ T Y P E S >-------------------------------- Here we map a template's CitationClass to TitleType (default values for |type= parameter) ]] local title_types = { ['AV-media-notes'] = 'Media notes', ['document'] = 'Document', ['interview'] = 'Interview', ['mailinglist'] = 'Mailing list', ['map'] = 'Map', ['podcast'] = 'Podcast', ['pressrelease'] = 'Press release', ['report'] = 'Report', ['speech'] = 'Speech', ['techreport'] = 'Technical report', ['thesis'] = 'Thesis', } --[[--------------------------< B U I L D _ K N O W N _ F R E E _ D O I _ R E G I S T R A N T S _ T A B L E >-- build a table of doi registrants known to be free-to-read In a doi, the registrant ID is the series of digits between the '10.' and the first '/': in doi 10.1100/sommat, 1100 is the registrant ID see §3.2.2 DOI prefix of the Doi Handbook p. 43 https://www.doi.org/doi-handbook/DOI_Handbook_Final.pdf#page=43 ]] local function build_free_doi_registrants_table() local registrants_t = {}; for _, v in ipairs ({ '1045', '1074', '1096', '1100', '1155', '1186', '1194', '1371', '1613', '1629', '1989', '1999', '2147', '2196', '3114', '3285', '3389', '3390', '3767', '3906', '3748', '3814', '3847', '3897', '4061', '4089', '4103', '4172', '4175', '4230', '4236', '4239', '4240', '4249', '4251', '4252', '4253', '4254', '4291', '4292', '4312', '4329', '4330', '4331', '5074', '5086', '5194', '5210', '5306', '5312', '5313', '5314', '5315', '5316', '5317', '5318', '5319', '5320', '5321', '5334', '5402', '5409', '5410', '5411', '5412', '5492', '5493', '5494', '5495', '5496', '5497', '5498', '5499', '5500', '5501', '5527', '5528', '5662', '6064', '6219', '7167', '7217', '7287', '7482', '7490', '7554', '7717', '7759', '7766', '9778', '11131', '11569', '11647', '11648', '12688', '12703', '12715', '12942', '12998', '13105', '14256', '14293', '14303', '14502', '14720', '15215', '15227', '15292', '15458', '15347', '15412', '15560', '16995', '17573', '17645', '18553', '18637', '18757', '19080', '19173', '20419', '20944', '21037', '21105', '21468', '21767', '21425', '22261', '22323', '22459', '24105', '24196', '24404', '24413', '24966', '26529', '26614', '26775', '26873', '30845', '32545', '34291', '34641', '35711', '35712', '35713', '35995', '36648', '37126', '37532', '37871', '47128', '47622', '47959', '48438', '51741', '51746', '51935', '51936', '51937', '51938', '51939', '51940', '52165', '52437', '52975', '53288', '53347', '54081', '54947', '55295', '55667', '55741', '55914', '57009', '58647', '58782', '59081', '59490', '61375', '66183', '70587', }) do registrants_t[v] = true; -- build a k/v table of known free-to-read doi registrants end return registrants_t; end -- known free registrants identifiable by the doi suffix incipit local extended_registrants_t = { -- doi suffix incipits are evaluated as lua patterns ['1001'] = {'jamanetworkopen'}, -- JAMA Network Open ['1002'] = {'1878-0261', '2056-4538', '2211-5463', '2475-8876', '2688-8319', 'aaai%.', 'aac2%.', 'ache%.', 'acm2%.', 'acn3%.', 'acr2%.', 'admi%.', 'adpr%.', 'adrr%.', 'adsr%.', 'advs%.', 'ael2%.', 'aelm%.', 'aesr%.', 'aff2%.', 'agf2%.', 'agg2%.', 'agm2%.', 'ags3%.', 'agt2%.', 'aidi%.', 'ail2%.', 'aisy%.', 'aiv2%.', 'alz%.', 'ame2%.', 'ams2%.', 'anbr%.', 'ansa%.', 'apj%.', 'app5%.', 'aps3%.', 'apxr%.', 'aro2%.', 'ars2%.', 'asl2%.', 'atn2%.', 'bco2%.', 'bes2%.', 'bmm2%.', 'bod2%.', 'brb3%.', 'brh2%.', 'brx2%.', 'bsa3%.', 'bte2%.', 'btm2%.', 'cai2%.', 'cam4%.', 'cbh2%.', 'ccr3%.', 'ccs3%.', 'cdt3%.', 'celc%.', 'cep4%.', 'ces2%.', 'cesm%.', 'ceur%.', 'cey2%.', 'cfch%.', 'cfp2%.', 'cin4%.', 'clc%.', 'clem%.', 'cli2%.', 'clt2%.', 'cmt2%.', 'cmtd%.', 'cnl2%.', 'cnr2%.', 'cns%.', 'cns3%.', 'cnx2%.', 'cre2%.', 'csc3%.', 'cso2%.', 'ctd2%.', 'cti2%.', 'ctm2%.', 'dad2%.', 'deo2%.', 'dep2%.', 'dni2%.', 'dro2%.', 'dug2%.', 'dvr2%.', 'eas2%.', 'ece2%.', 'ece3%.', 'ecog%.', 'ecs2%.', 'edm2%.', 'edn3%.', 'eem2%.', 'eer3%.', 'efd2%.', 'ejsc%.', 'elsa%.', 'elt2%.', 'eng2%.', 'eom2%.', 'epi4%.', 'epr2%.', 'ese3%.', 'exp%.', 'fbe2%.', 'fci2%.', 'fer3%.', 'fes3%.', 'fft2%.', 'fhu2%.', 'fle2%.', 'flm2%.', 'fob2%.', 'fpf2%.', 'fsh3%.', 'fsn3%.', 'gcb4%.', 'gch2%.', 'gdj3%.', 'geo2%.', 'ggn2%.', 'gin2%.', 'glr2%.', 'gps3%.', 'gtm2%.', 'hbm%.', 'hcs2%.', 'hem3%.', 'hkj2%.', 'hsr2%.', 'ibra%.', 'idm2%.', 'ifm2%.', 'iid3%.', 'iju5%.', 'ila2%.', 'imed%.', 'imm3%.', 'imo2%.', 'imt2%.', 'inc2%.', 'inc3%.', 'inf2%.', 'inm3%.', 'inmd%.', 'ird3%.', 'ise3%.', 'jaa2%.', 'jav%.', 'jbt%.', 'jcc5%.', 'jcla%.', 'jcsm%.', 'jcv2%.', 'jeo2%.', 'jev2%.', 'jex2%.', 'jfa2%.', 'jgf2%.', 'jgh3%.', 'jha2%.', 'jia2%.', 'jmd2%.', 'jmrs%.', 'joa3%.', 'jpr3%.', 'jsf2%.', 'jsp2%.', 'jvc2%.', 'kjm2%.', 'kot2%.', 'lci2%.', 'ldr%.', 'leap%.', 'leg3%.', 'lim2%.', 'lio2%.', 'loe2%.', 'lol2%.', 'lrh2%.', 'mame%.', 'mba2%.', 'mbo3%.', 'mco2%.', 'mdb2%.', 'mdr2%.', 'med4%.', 'mef2%.', 'met%.', 'metm%.', 'mgea%.', 'mgg3%.', 'mhs2%.', 'mlf2%.', 'mmr3%.', 'moda%.', 'mog2%.', 'mpr%.', 'mps2%.', 'msd2%.', 'nam2%.', 'nano%.', 'nap2%.', 'neo2%.', 'nep3%.', 'njb%.', 'nop2%.', 'npp2%.', 'npr2%.', 'ntls%.', 'open%.', 'orm2%.', 'osp4%.', 'oto2%.', 'pan3%.', 'pchj%.', 'pcn5%.', 'pdi3%.', 'ped4%.', 'pei3%.', 'pfm2%.', 'pgr2%.', 'phmt%.', 'pld3%.', 'pls2%.', 'pmf2%.', 'pne2%.', 'pnp%.', 'poh2%.', 'ppj2%.', 'ppp3%.', 'prm2%.', 'pro6%.', 'prp2%.', 'psp4%.', 'puh2%.', 'pul2%.', 'qub2%.', 'rai2%.', 'rar2%.', 'rco2%.', 'rcr2%.', 'rfc2%.', 'rmb2%.', 'rpm2%.', 'rse2%.', 'rvr2%.', 'sae2%.', 'sen2%.', 'sfp2%.', 'smb2%.', 'smm2%.', 'smmd%.', 'smo2%.', 'smsc%.', 'sst2%.', 'sst3%.', 'sstr%.', 'sus2%.', 'tch2%.', 'tcr4%.', 'tpg2%.', 'trc2%.', 'tre%.', 'uar2%.', 'ueg2%.', 'uro2%.', 'viw2%.', 'vms3%.', 'vro2%.', 'vzj2%.', 'we%.', 'wjo2%.', 'wlb3%.', 'wll2%.', 'wsb%.'}, -- Elsevier journals https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&oldid=1364310578#Wikipedia:Bot_requests/Archive_88#Web_scrapping_v2 ['1016'] = {'j%.aace', 'j%.aed', 'j%.aiopen', 'j%.animal', 'j%.apsb', 'j%.addicn', -- AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes, AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes, AI Open, Animal, Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Addiction Neuroscience 'j%.abrep', 'j%.fob', 'j%.gpb', 'j%.heliyon', 'j%.mucimm%.', 'j%.nlp', 'j%.patter', 'j%.proche', -- Addictive Behaviors Reports, FEBS Open Bio, Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics after 2015, Heliyon, Mucosal Immunology, Natural Language Processing, Patterns, Procedia Chemistry 'j%.vgie', 'S1672-0229', 'S1933-0219'}, -- VideoGIE, Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics before 2015, Mucosal Immunology ['1017'] = {'apj%.', 'nlp', 'mdh', 'S15574660'}, -- Natural Language Processing Journal, Medical History, Asia Pacific Journal ['1021'] = {'acscentsci', 'acsomega'}, -- ACS Central Science, ACS Omega ['1029'] = {'2025cn', '2025csj', '2025ea', '2025gc', '2025gh', '2025ms', '2025sw', '2025wr', '2026ef', '2026gl', '2026jh', 'aga2.70129'}, -- Elsevier journals https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&oldid=1364310578#Wikipedia:Bot_requests/Archive_88#Web_scrapping_v2 ['1038'] = {'41541%.', '43246%.', 'asiamat%.', 'boneres%.', 'cddis%.', 'cddiscovery%.', 'celldisc%.', 'mi%.', 'nutd%.', 'oncsis%.', 's40494', 's41377', 's41392', 's41396', 's41398', 's41405', 's41407', 's41408', 's41439', 's41467', 's41514', 's41522', 's41523', 's41524', 's41525', 's41526', 's41528', 's41529', 's41531', 's41533', 's41534', 's41535', 's41536', 's41537', 's41538', 's41539', 's41540', 's41545', 's41598', 's41612', 's41698', 's41699', 's41746', 's42003', 's42004', 's42005', 's42949', 's43247', 's43705', 's43856', 's44168', 's44172', 's44182', 's44183', 's44184', 's44185', 's44259', 's44260', 's44264', 's44271', 's44276', 's44294', 's44296', 's44298', 's44303', 's44304', 's44306', 's44310', 's44323', 's44324', 's44325', 's44328', 's44333', 's44334', 's44335', 's44341', 's44355', 's44383', 's44384', 's44385', 's44386', 's44387', 's44400', 's44401', 's44406', 's44407', 's44431', 's44432', 's44433', 's44434', 's44435', 's44440', 's44453', 's44454', 's44455', 's44456', 's44458', 's44459', 's44482', 's44484', 's44485', 's44488', 's44513', 's44528', 'sdata%.'}, -- Nature journals (npj series, Communications series, and many others, see https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&diff=prev&oldid=1368822567 and https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&diff=next&oldid=1368822567) ['1046'] = {'j%.1365-8711', 'j%.1365-246x'}, -- MNRAS, GJI ['1049'] = {'aie2%.', 'blc2%.', 'bme2', 'bsb2%.', 'ccs2%.', 'cds2', 'cdt2', 'cim2%.', 'cit2%.', 'cmu2%.', 'cps2%.', 'csy2%.', 'cth2%.', 'cvi2%.', 'dgt2%.', 'ein2%.', 'ell2%.', 'elp2%.', 'els2', 'ema3%.', 'enb2%.', 'enc2%.', 'esi2%.', 'gtd2%.', 'htl2%.', 'hve2%.', 'ipr2%.', 'ise2', 'itr2%.', 'mia2%.', 'mna2%.', 'nbt2', 'nde2%.', 'ntw2%.', 'ote2%.', 'pel2%.', 'qtc2%.', 'rpg2%.', 'rsn2%.', 'ses2%.', 'sfw2', 'sil2', 'smc2%.', 'smt2%.', 'stg2%.', 'syb2%.', 'tje2%.', 'wss2%.'}, -- Elsevier journals https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&oldid=1364310578#Wikipedia:Bot_requests/Archive_88#Web_scrapping_v2 ['1051'] = {'parasite'}, -- Parasite ['1057'] = {'s41599'}, -- Humanities and Social Sciences Communications ['1093'] = {'mnras', 'mnrasl', 'gji', 'pnasnexus', 'rasti', 'ismeco', 'ismejo'}, -- MNRAS, MNRAS Letters, GJI, PNAS Nexus, RASTI, ISME Communications, ISME Journal ['1096'] = {'fba%.'}, -- FASEB BioAdvances ['1098'] = {'rsbm', 'rsob', 'rsos'}, -- Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, Open Biology, Royal Society Open Science ['1099'] = {'acmi', 'mic', '00221287', 'mgen'}, -- Access Microbiology, Microbiology, Journal of General Microbiology, Microbial Genomics ['1107'] = {'S20569890', 'S20522525', 'S16005775', 'S24143146'}, -- Acta Crystallographica E, IUCrJ, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, IUCrData ['1109'] = {'access', 'oa', 'oj'}, -- IEEE Access, IEEE Open Access..., IEEE Open Journal... ['1111'] = {'1365-2435', '1442-1984', '1751-7915', '1753-0407', '1755-0998', '1758-2229', '1759-7714', '2041-210x', 'j%.1365-2966', 'j%.1745-3933', 'j%.1365-246X','acel%.', 'adb%.', 'anec%.', 'aogs%.', 'bor%.', 'bpa%.', 'cas%.', 'con4%.', 'cpr%.', 'crj%.', 'csp2%.', 'cts%.', 'ddi%.', 'ejed%.', 'ene%.', 'eva%.', 'gbb%.', 'gcbb%.', 'hex%.', 'irv%.', 'iwj%.', 'jch%.', 'jcmm%.', 'jdi%.', 'jfr3%.', 'jocd%.', 'jwas%.', 'mcn%.', 'mpp%.', 'myc%.', 'nrm%.', 'os%.', 'pbi%.', 'srt%.'}, -- Elsevier journals https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&oldid=1364310578#Wikipedia:Bot_requests/Archive_88#Web_scrapping_v2 ['1112'] = {'tlm3%.'}, -- Transactions of the London Mathematical Society ['1113'] = {'ep'}, -- Experimental Physiology ['1128'] = {'asmcr', 'jmbe', 'mbio', 'mra', 'spectrum', 'msphere', 'msystems'}, --ASM Case Reports, Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, mBio, Microbiology Resource Announcements, Microbiology Spectrum, mSphere, mSystems ['1136'] = {'bmjopen'}, -- BMJ Open ['1140'] = {'epjconf'}, -- EPJ Web of Conferences ['1161'] = {'jaha%.'}, ['1176'] = {'appi%.prcp%.'}, ['1192'] = {'bjo'}, -- BJPsych Open ['1210'] = {'jendso','jcemcr'}, -- Journal of the Endocrine Society, JCEM Case Reports ['1215'] = {'21573689', '21573698'}, -- L&O Fluids ['1257'] = {'jep'}, -- Journal of Economic Perspectives ['1590'] = {'0102-3306'}, -- Acta Botanica Brasilica ['2903'] = {'j%.efsa%.'}, ['3322'] = {'caac%.'}, ['3982'] = {'qw', 'te'}, ['4171'] = {'dm','mag'}, -- Documenta Mathematica, EMS Magazine ['4319'] = {'lo%.', 'lol%.', 'lom%.'}, -- L&O, L&O e-Lectures, L&O Methods ['5852'] = {'ejt'}, -- European Journal of Taxonomy ['7155'] = {'jgaa'}, -- Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications ['7758'] = {'rsf'}, -- RSJ Journal ['11158'] = {'saasp'}, -- Systematic and Applied Acarology Special Publications ['11646'] = {'megataxa', 'mesozoic'}, -- Megataxa, Mesozoic ['14231'] = {'ag'}, -- Algebraic Geometry ['14814'] = {'phy2%.'}, ['15302'] = {'vr%.'}, ['15446'] = {'abc'}, -- Acta Biológica Colombiana ['17239'] = {'jowr'}, -- Journal of Writing Research ['22073'] = {'pja'}, -- Persian Journal of Acarology ['24310'] = {'abm'}, -- Acta Botanica Malacitana ['24425'] = {'agp'}, -- Acta Geologica Polonica ['35249'] = {'rche'}, -- Revista Chilena de Entomología ['37520'] = {'fi'}, -- Fossil Imprint ['53562'] = {'ajcb'} -- Asian Journal of Conservation Biology } --[[===================<< E R R O R M E S S A G I N G >>====================== ]] --[[----------< E R R O R M E S S A G E S U P P L E M E N T S >------------- I18N for those messages that are supplemented with additional specific text that describes the reason for the error TODO: merge this with special_case_translations{}? ]] local err_msg_supl = { ['char'] = 'invalid character', -- |isbn=, |sbn= ['check'] = 'checksum', -- |isbn=, |sbn= empty_str = '(empty string)', -- empty unknown parameter check when cite has |= ['flag'] = 'flag', -- |archive-url= ['form'] = 'invalid form', -- |isbn=, |sbn= ['group'] = 'invalid group id', -- |isbn= ['initials'] = 'initials', -- Vancouver ['invalid language code'] = 'invalid language code', -- |script-<param>= ['journal'] = 'journal', -- |bibcode= ['length'] = 'length', -- |isbn=, |bibcode=, |sbn= ['liveweb'] = 'liveweb', -- |archive-url= ['missing comma'] = 'missing comma', -- Vancouver ['missing prefix'] = 'missing prefix', -- |script-<param>= ['missing title part'] = 'missing title part', -- |script-<param>= ['name'] = 'name', -- Vancouver ['non-Latin char'] = 'non-Latin character', -- Vancouver ['path'] = 'path', -- |archive-url= ['prefix'] = 'invalid prefix', -- |isbn= ['punctuation'] = 'punctuation', -- Vancouver ['save'] = 'save command', -- |archive-url= ['suffix'] = 'suffix', -- Vancouver ['timestamp'] = 'timestamp', -- |archive-url= ['unknown language code'] = 'unknown language code', -- |script-<param>= ['value'] = 'value', -- |bibcode= ['year'] = 'year', -- |bibcode= } --[[--------------< E R R O R _ C O N D I T I O N S >--------------------------- Error condition table. This table has two sections: errors at the top, maintenance at the bottom. Maint 'messaging' does not have a 'message' (message=nil) The following contains a list of IDs for various error conditions defined in the code. For each ID, we specify a text message to display, an error category to include, and whether the error message should be wrapped as a hidden comment. Anchor changes require identical changes to matching anchor in Help:CS1 errors TODO: rename error_conditions{} to something more generic; create separate error and maint tables inside that? ]] local error_conditions = { err_accessdate_missing_url = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;access-date=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;url=</code>', anchor = 'accessdate_missing_url', category = 'CS1 errors: access-date without URL', hidden = false }, err_apostrophe_markup = { message = 'Italic or bold markup not allowed in: <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'apostrophe_markup', category = 'CS1 errors: markup', hidden = false }, err_archive_date_missing_url = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;archive-date=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;archive-url=</code>', anchor = 'archive_date_missing_url', category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url', hidden = false }, err_archive_date_url_ts_mismatch = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;archive-date=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">&#124;archive-url=</code> timestamp mismatch; $1 suggested', anchor = 'archive_date_url_ts_mismatch', category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url', hidden = false }, err_archive_missing_date = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;archive-url=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;archive-date=</code>', anchor = 'archive_missing_date', category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url', hidden = false }, err_archive_missing_url = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;archive-url=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;url=</code>', anchor = 'archive_missing_url', category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url', hidden = false }, err_archive_url = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;archive-url=</code> is malformed: $1', -- $1 is error message detail anchor = 'archive_url', category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url', hidden = false }, err_arxiv_missing = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;arxiv=</code> required', anchor = 'arxiv_missing', category = 'CS1 errors: arXiv', -- same as bad arxiv hidden = false }, err_asintld_missing_asin = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;asin=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'asintld_missing_asin', category = 'CS1 errors: ASIN TLD', hidden = false }, err_bad_arxiv = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;arxiv=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_arxiv', category = 'CS1 errors: arXiv', hidden = false }, err_bad_asin = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;asin=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_asin', category ='CS1 errors: ASIN', hidden = false }, err_bad_asin_tld = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;asin-tld=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_asin_tld', category ='CS1 errors: ASIN TLD', hidden = false }, err_bad_bibcode = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;bibcode=</code> $1', -- $1 is error message detail anchor = 'bad_bibcode', category = 'CS1 errors: bibcode', hidden = false }, err_bad_biorxiv = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;biorxiv=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_biorxiv', category = 'CS1 errors: bioRxiv', hidden = false }, err_bad_citeseerx = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;citeseerx=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_citeseerx', category = 'CS1 errors: citeseerx', hidden = false }, err_bad_date = { message = 'Check date values in: $1', -- $1 is a parameter name list anchor = 'bad_date', category = 'CS1 errors: dates', hidden = false }, err_bad_doi = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;doi=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_doi', category = 'CS1 errors: DOI', hidden = false }, err_bad_hdl = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;hdl=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_hdl', category = 'CS1 errors: HDL', hidden = false }, err_bad_isbn = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;isbn=</code> value: $1', -- $1 is error message detail anchor = 'bad_isbn', category = 'CS1 errors: ISBN', hidden = false }, err_bad_ismn = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;ismn=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_ismn', category = 'CS1 errors: ISMN', hidden = false }, err_bad_issn = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1issn=</code> value', -- $1 is 'e' or '' for eissn or issn anchor = 'bad_issn', category = 'CS1 errors: ISSN', hidden = false }, err_bad_jfm = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;jfm=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_jfm', category = 'CS1 errors: JFM', hidden = false }, err_bad_jstor = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;jstor=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_jstor', category = 'CS1 errors: JSTOR', hidden = false }, err_bad_lccn = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;lccn=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_lccn', category = 'CS1 errors: LCCN', hidden = false }, err_bad_medrxiv = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;medrxiv=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_medrxiv', category = 'CS1 errors: medRxiv', hidden = false }, err_bad_mr = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;mr=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_mr', category = 'CS1 errors: MR', hidden = false }, err_bad_oclc = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;oclc=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_oclc', category = 'CS1 errors: OCLC', hidden = false }, err_bad_ol = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;ol=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_ol', category = 'CS1 errors: OL', hidden = false }, err_bad_osti = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;osti=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_osti', category = 'CS1 errors: OSTI', hidden = false }, err_bad_paramlink = { -- for |title-link=, |author/editor/translator-link=, |series-link=, |episode-link= message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> value', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'bad_paramlink', category = 'CS1 errors: parameter link', hidden = false }, err_bad_pmc = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;pmc=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_pmc', category = 'CS1 errors: PMC', hidden = false }, err_bad_pmid = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;pmid=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_pmid', category = 'CS1 errors: PMID', hidden = false }, err_bad_rfc = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;rfc=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_rfc', category = 'CS1 errors: RFC', hidden = false }, err_bad_s2cid = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;s2cid=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_s2cid', category = 'CS1 errors: S2CID', hidden = false }, err_bad_sbn = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;sbn=</code> value: $1', -- $1 is error message detail anchor = 'bad_sbn', category = 'CS1 errors: SBN', hidden = false }, err_bad_ssrn = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;ssrn=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_ssrn', category = 'CS1 errors: SSRN', hidden = false }, err_bad_url = { message = 'Check $1 value', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'bad_url', category = 'CS1 errors: URL', hidden = false }, err_bad_usenet_id = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;message-id=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_message_id', category = 'CS1 errors: message-id', hidden = false }, err_bad_zbl = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;zbl=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_zbl', category = 'CS1 errors: Zbl', hidden = false }, err_bare_url_missing_title = { message = '$1 missing title', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'bare_url_missing_title', category = 'CS1 errors: bare URL', hidden = false }, err_biorxiv_missing = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;biorxiv=</code> required', anchor = 'biorxiv_missing', category = 'CS1 errors: bioRxiv', -- same as bad bioRxiv hidden = false }, err_chapter_ignored = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> ignored', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'chapter_ignored', category = 'CS1 errors: chapter ignored', hidden = false }, err_citation_missing_title = { message = 'Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'citation_missing_title', category = 'CS1 errors: missing title', hidden = false }, err_citeseerx_missing = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;citeseerx=</code> required', anchor = 'citeseerx_missing', category = 'CS1 errors: citeseerx', -- same as bad citeseerx hidden = false }, err_cite_web_url = { -- this error applies to cite web and to cite podcast message = 'Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">&#124;url=</code>', anchor = 'cite_web_url', category = 'CS1 errors: requires URL', hidden = false }, err_class_ignored = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;class=</code> ignored', anchor = 'class_ignored', category = 'CS1 errors: class', hidden = false }, err_contributor_ignored = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;contributor=</code> ignored', anchor = 'contributor_ignored', category = 'CS1 errors: contributor', hidden = false }, err_contributor_missing_required_param = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;contributor=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'contributor_missing_required_param', category = 'CS1 errors: contributor', hidden = false }, err_deprecated_params = { message = 'Cite uses deprecated parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'deprecated_params', category = 'CS1 errors: deprecated parameters', hidden = false }, err_disp_name = { message = 'Invalid <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=$2</code>', -- $1 is parameter name; $2 is the assigned value anchor = 'disp_name', category = 'CS1 errors: display-names', hidden = false, }, err_doibroken_missing_doi = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;doi=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'doibroken_missing_doi', category = 'CS1 errors: DOI', hidden = false }, err_embargo_missing_pmc = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;pmc=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'embargo_missing_pmc', category = 'CS1 errors: PMC embargo', hidden = false }, err_empty_citation = { message = 'Empty citation', anchor = 'empty_citation', category = 'CS1 errors: empty citation', hidden = false }, err_etal = { message = 'Explicit use of et al. in: <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'explicit_et_al', category = 'CS1 errors: explicit use of et al.', hidden = false }, err_extra_text_edition = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;edition=</code> has extra text', anchor = 'extra_text_edition', category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: edition', hidden = false, }, err_extra_text_issue = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> has extra text', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'extra_text_issue', category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: issue', hidden = false, }, err_extra_text_pages = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> has extra text', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'extra_text_pages', category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: pages', hidden = false, }, err_extra_text_volume = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> has extra text', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'extra_text_volume', category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: volume', hidden = false, }, err_first_missing_last = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> missing <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$2=</code>', -- $1 is first alias, $2 is matching last alias anchor = 'first_missing_last', category = 'CS1 errors: missing name', -- author, contributor, editor, interviewer, translator hidden = false }, err_format_missing_url = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$2=</code>', -- $1 is format parameter $2 is url parameter anchor = 'format_missing_url', category = 'CS1 errors: format without URL', hidden = false }, err_generic_name = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> has generic name', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'generic_name', category = 'CS1 errors: generic name', hidden = false, }, err_generic_title = { message = 'Cite uses generic title', anchor = 'generic_title', category = 'CS1 errors: generic title', hidden = false, }, err_invalid_isbn_date = { message = 'ISBN / Date incompatibility', anchor = 'invalid_isbn_date', category = 'CS1 errors: ISBN date', hidden = true }, err_invalid_param_val = { message = 'Invalid <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=$2</code>', -- $1 is parameter name $2 is parameter value anchor = 'invalid_param_val', category = 'CS1 errors: invalid parameter value', hidden = false }, err_invisible_char = { message = '$1 in $2 at position $3', -- $1 is invisible char $2 is parameter name $3 is position number anchor = 'invisible_char', category = 'CS1 errors: invisible characters', hidden = false }, err_medrxiv_missing = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;medrxiv=</code> required', anchor = 'medrxiv_missing', category = 'CS1 errors: medRxiv', -- same as bad medRxiv hidden = false }, err_missing_name = { message = 'Missing <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1$2=</code>', -- $1 is modified NameList; $2 is enumerator anchor = 'missing_name', category = 'CS1 errors: missing name', -- author, contributor, editor, interviewer, translator hidden = false }, err_missing_periodical = { message = 'Cite $1 requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$2=</code>', -- $1 is cs1 template name; $2 is canonical periodical parameter name for cite $1 anchor = 'missing_periodical', category = 'CS1 errors: missing periodical', hidden = false }, err_missing_pipe = { message = 'Missing pipe in: <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'missing_pipe', category = 'CS1 errors: missing pipe', hidden = false }, err_missing_publisher = { message = 'Cite $1 requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$2=</code>', -- $1 is cs1 template name; $2 is canonical publisher parameter name for cite $1 anchor = 'missing_publisher', category = 'CS1 errors: missing publisher', hidden = false }, err_numeric_names = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> has numeric name', -- $1 is parameter name', anchor = 'numeric_names', category = 'CS1 errors: numeric name', hidden = false, }, err_param_access_requires_param = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1-access=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'param_access_requires_param', category = 'CS1 errors: param-access', hidden = false }, err_param_has_ext_link = { message = 'External link in <code class="cs1-code">$1</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'param_has_ext_link', category = 'CS1 errors: external links', hidden = false }, err_param_has_twl_url = { message = 'Wikipedia Library link in <code class="cs1-code">$1</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'param_has_twl_url', category = 'CS1 errors: URL', hidden = false }, err_parameter_ignored = { message = 'Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> ignored', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'parameter_ignored', category = 'CS1 errors: unsupported parameter', hidden = false }, err_parameter_ignored_suggest = { message = 'Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$2=</code> suggested)', -- $1 is unknown parameter $2 is suggested parameter name anchor = 'parameter_ignored_suggest', category = 'CS1 errors: unsupported parameter', hidden = false }, err_periodical_ignored = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> ignored', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'periodical_ignored', category = 'CS1 errors: periodical ignored', hidden = false }, err_redundant_parameters = { message = 'More than one of $1 specified', -- $1 is error message detail anchor = 'redundant_parameters', category = 'CS1 errors: redundant parameter', hidden = false }, err_script_parameter = { message = 'Invalid <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>: $2', -- $1 is parameter name $2 is script language code or error detail anchor = 'script_parameter', category = 'CS1 errors: script parameters', hidden = false }, err_ssrn_missing = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;ssrn=</code> required', anchor = 'ssrn_missing', category = 'CS1 errors: SSRN', hidden = false }, err_text_ignored = { message = 'Text "$1" ignored', -- $1 is ignored text anchor = 'text_ignored', category = 'CS1 errors: unrecognized parameter', hidden = false }, err_trans_missing_title = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;trans-$1=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> or <code class="cs1-code">&#124;script-$1=</code>', -- $1 is base parameter name anchor = 'trans_missing_title', category = 'CS1 errors: translated title', hidden = false }, err_param_unknown_empty = { message = 'Cite has empty unknown parameter$1: $2', -- $1 is 's' or empty space; $2 is emty unknown param list anchor = 'param_unknown_empty', category = 'CS1 errors: empty unknown parameters', hidden = false }, err_vancouver = { message = 'Vancouver style error: $1 in name $2', -- $1 is error detail, $2 is the nth name anchor = 'vancouver', category = 'CS1 errors: Vancouver style', hidden = false }, err_wikilink_in_url = { message = 'URL–wikilink conflict', -- uses ndash anchor = 'wikilink_in_url', category = 'CS1 errors: URL–wikilink conflict', -- uses ndash hidden = false }, --[[--------------------------< M A I N T >------------------------------------- maint messages do not have a message (message = nil); otherwise the structure is the same as error messages ]] maint_archive_origin = { message = nil, anchor = 'archive_origin', category = 'CS1 maint: archive origin', hidden = true, }, maint_archived_copy = { message = nil, anchor = 'archived_copy', category = 'CS1 maint: archived copy as title', hidden = true, }, maint_bibcode = { message = nil, anchor = 'bibcode', category = 'CS1 maint: bibcode', hidden = true, }, maint_location_no_publisher = { -- cite book, conference, encyclopedia; citation as book cite or encyclopedia cite message = nil, anchor = 'location_no_publisher', category = 'CS1 maint: location missing publisher', hidden = true, }, maint_bot_unknown = { message = nil, anchor = 'bot:_unknown', category = 'CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown', hidden = true, }, maint_date_auto_xlated = { -- date auto-translation not supported by en.wiki message = nil, anchor = 'date_auto_xlated', category = 'CS1 maint: date auto-translated', hidden = true, }, maint_date_format = { message = nil, anchor = 'date_format', category = 'CS1 maint: date format', hidden = true, }, maint_date_year = { message = nil, anchor = 'date_year', category = 'CS1 maint: date and year', hidden = true, }, maint_deprecated_archive = { message = nil, anchor = 'deprecated_archive', category = 'CS1 maint: deprecated archival service', hidden = true, }, maint_doi_ignore = { message = nil, anchor = 'doi_ignore', category = 'CS1 maint: ignored DOI errors', hidden = true, }, maint_doi_inactive = { message = nil, anchor = 'doi_inactive', category = 'CS1 maint: DOI inactive', hidden = true, }, maint_doi_inactive_dated = { message = nil, anchor = 'doi_inactive_dated', category = 'CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of $2$3$1', -- $1 is year, $2 is month-name or empty string, $3 is space or empty string hidden = true, }, maint_doi_unflagged_free = { message = nil, anchor = 'doi_unflagged_free', category = 'CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI', hidden = true, }, maint_extra_punct = { message = nil, anchor = 'extra_punct', category = 'CS1 maint: extra punctuation', hidden = true, }, maint_id_limit_load_fail = { -- applies to all cs1|2 templates on a page; message = nil, -- maint message (category link) never emitted anchor = 'id_limit_load_fail', category = 'CS1 maint: ID limit load fail', hidden = true, }, maint_isbn_ignore = { message = nil, anchor = 'ignore_isbn_err', category = 'CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors', hidden = true, }, maint_issn_ignore = { message = nil, anchor = 'ignore_issn', category = 'CS1 maint: ignored ISSN errors', hidden = true, }, maint_jfm_format = { message = nil, anchor = 'jfm_format', category = 'CS1 maint: JFM format', hidden = true, }, maint_location = { message = nil, anchor = 'location', category = 'CS1 maint: location', hidden = true, }, maint_misc_url = { message = nil, anchor = 'misc_url', category = 'CS1 maint: miscellaneous url', hidden = true, }, maint_missing_class = { message = nil, anchor = 'missing_class', category = 'CS1 maint: missing class', hidden = true, }, maint_mr_format = { message = nil, anchor = 'mr_format', category = 'CS1 maint: MR format', hidden = true, }, maint_mult_names = { message = nil, anchor = 'mult_names', category = 'CS1 maint: multiple names: $1', -- $1 is '<name>s list'; gets value from special_case_translation table hidden = true, }, maint_numeric_names = { message = nil, anchor = 'numeric_names', category = 'CS1 maint: numeric names: $1', -- $1 is '<name>s list'; gets value from special_case_translation table hidden = true, }, maint_others = { message = nil, anchor = 'others', category = 'CS1 maint: others', hidden = true, }, maint_others_avm = { message = nil, anchor = 'others_avm', category = 'CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes)', hidden = true, }, maint_overridden_setting = { message = nil, anchor = 'overridden', category = 'CS1 maint: overridden setting', hidden = true, }, maint_page_art_num = { message = nil, anchor = 'page_art_num', category = 'CS1 maint: article number as page number', hidden = true, }, maint_periodical_has_isbn = { message = nil, anchor = 'periodical_has_isbn', category = 'CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN', hidden = true, }, maint_pmc_embargo = { message = nil, anchor = 'embargo', category = 'CS1 maint: PMC embargo expired', hidden = true, }, maint_pmc_format = { message = nil, anchor = 'pmc_format', category = 'CS1 maint: PMC format', hidden = true, }, maint_postscript = { message = nil, anchor = 'postscript', category = 'CS1 maint: postscript', hidden = true, }, maint_publisher_location = { message = nil, anchor = 'publisher_location', category = 'CS1 maint: publisher location', hidden = true, }, maint_ref_duplicates_default = { message = nil, anchor = 'ref_default', category = 'CS1 maint: ref duplicates default', hidden = true, }, maint_shortened_archive_url = { message = nil, anchor = 'shortened_archive_url', category = 'CS1 maint: shortened archive url', hidden = true, }, maint_unknown_lang = { message = nil, anchor = 'unknown_lang', category = 'CS1 maint: unrecognized language', hidden = true, }, maint_untitled = { message = nil, anchor = 'untitled', category = 'CS1 maint: untitled periodical', hidden = true, }, maint_url_status = { message = nil, anchor = 'url_status', category = 'CS1 maint: url-status', hidden = true, }, maint_work_isbn = { message = nil, anchor = 'work_isbn', category = 'CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN', hidden = true, }, maint_year= { message = nil, anchor = 'year', category = 'CS1 maint: year', hidden = true, }, maint_zbl = { message = nil, anchor = 'zbl', category = 'CS1 maint: Zbl', hidden = true, }, } --[[--------------------------< I D _ L I M I T S _ D A T A _ T >---------------------------------------------- fetch id limits for certain identifiers from c:Data:CS1/Identifier limits.tab. This source is a json tabular data file maintained at wikipedia commons. Convert the json format to a table of k/v pairs. The values from <id_limits_data_t> are used to set handle.id_limit. From 2025-02-21, MediaWiki is broken. Use this link to edit the tablular data file: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Data:CS1/Identifier_limits.tab&action=edit See Phab:T389105 ]] local id_limits_data_t; local id_limits_data_load_fail = false; -- flag; assume that we will be successful when loading json id limit tabular data local use_commons_data = true; -- set to false if your wiki does not have access to mediawiki commons; then, if false == use_commons_data then -- update this table from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:CS1/Identifier_limits.tab; last update: 2026-08-02 id_limits_data_t = {['OCLC'] = 11160000000, ['OSTI'] = 23010000, ['PMC'] = 13500000, ['PMID'] = 42900000, ['RFC'] = 9300, ['SSRN'] = 7500000, ['S2CID'] = 290000000}; -- this table must be maintained locally else -- here for wikis that do have access to mediawiki commons local load_fail_limit = 99999999999; -- very high number to avoid error messages on load failure id_limits_data_t = {['OCLC'] = load_fail_limit, ['OSTI'] = load_fail_limit, ['PMC'] = load_fail_limit, ['PMID'] = load_fail_limit, ['RFC'] = load_fail_limit, ['SSRN'] = load_fail_limit, ['S2CID'] = load_fail_limit}; if mw.ext.data == nil then id_limits_data_load_fail = true; -- safeguard against Lua errors if mw.ext.data is not available for some reason else local tab_data_t = mw.ext.data.get ('CS1/Identifier limits.tab'); -- attempt to load the tabular data from commons into <tab_data_t> if false == tab_data_t then -- undocumented 'feature': mw.ext.data.get() sometimes returns false id_limits_data_load_fail = true; -- set the flag so that Module:Citation/CS1 can create an unannotated maint category else for _, limit_t in ipairs (tab_data_t.data) do -- overwrite default <load_fail_limit> values from the data table in the tabular data id_limits_data_t[limit_t[1]] = limit_t[2]; -- <limit[1]> is identifier; <limit[2]> is upper limit for that identifier end end end end --[[--------------------------< I D _ H A N D L E R S >-------------------------------------------------------- The following contains a list of values for various defined identifiers. For each identifier we specify a variety of information necessary to properly render the identifier in the citation. parameters: a list of parameter aliases for this identifier; first in the list is the canonical form link: Wikipedia article name redirect: a local redirect to a local Wikipedia article name; at en.wiki, 'ISBN (identifier)' is a redirect to 'International Standard Book Number' q: Wikidata q number for the identifier label: the label preceding the identifier; label is linked to a Wikipedia article (in this order): redirect from id_handlers['<id>'].redirect when use_identifier_redirects is true Wikidata-supplied article name for the local wiki from id_handlers['<id>'].q local article name from id_handlers['<id>'].link prefix: the first part of a URL that will be concatenated with a second part which usually contains the identifier suffix: optional third part to be added after the identifier encode: true if URI should be percent-encoded; otherwise false COinS: identifier link or keyword for use in COinS: for identifiers registered at info-uri.info use: info:.... where '...' is the appropriate identifier label for identifiers that have COinS keywords, use the keyword: rft.isbn, rft.issn, rft.eissn for |asin= and |ol=, which require assembly, use the keyword: url for others make a URL using the value in prefix/suffix and #label, use the keyword: pre (not checked; any text other than 'info', 'rft', or 'url' works here) set to nil to leave the identifier out of the COinS separator: character or text between label and the identifier in the rendered citation id_limit: for those identifiers with established limits, this property holds the upper limit access: use this parameter to set the access level for all instances of this identifier. the value must be a valid access level for an identifier (see ['id-access'] in this file). custom_access: to enable custom access level for an identifier, set this parameter to the parameter that should control it (normally 'id-access') ]] local id_handlers = { ['ARXIV'] = { parameters = {'arxiv', 'eprint'}, link = 'arXiv', redirect = 'arXiv (identifier)', q = 'Q118398', label = 'arXiv', prefix = 'https://arxiv.org/abs/', encode = false, COinS = 'info:arxiv', separator = ':', access = 'free', -- free to read }, ['ASIN'] = { parameters = { 'asin', 'ASIN' }, link = 'Amazon Standard Identification Number', redirect = 'ASIN (identifier)', q = 'Q1753278', label = 'ASIN', prefix = 'https://www.amazon.', COinS = 'url', separator = '&nbsp;', encode = false; }, ['BIBCODE'] = { parameters = {'bibcode'}, link = 'Bibcode', redirect = 'Bibcode (identifier)', q = 'Q25754', label = 'Bibcode', prefix = 'https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/', encode = false, COinS = 'info:bibcode', separator = ':', custom_access = 'bibcode-access', }, ['BIORXIV'] = { parameters = {'biorxiv'}, link = 'bioRxiv', redirect = 'bioRxiv (identifier)', q = 'Q19835482', label = 'bioRxiv', prefix = 'https://doi.org/', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value access = 'free', -- free to read encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['CITESEERX'] = { parameters = {'citeseerx'}, link = 'CiteSeerX', redirect = 'CiteSeerX (identifier)', q = 'Q2715061', label = 'CiteSeerX', prefix = 'https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value access = 'free', -- free to read encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['DOI'] = { -- Used by InternetArchiveBot parameters = { 'doi', 'DOI'}, link = 'Digital object identifier', redirect = 'doi (identifier)', q = 'Q25670', label = 'doi', prefix = 'https://doi.org/', COinS = 'info:doi', separator = ':', encode = true, custom_access = 'doi-access', }, ['EISSN'] = { parameters = {'eissn', 'EISSN'}, link = 'International Standard Serial Number#Electronic ISSN', redirect = 'eISSN (identifier)', q = 'Q46339674', label = 'eISSN', prefix = 'https://search.worldcat.org/issn/', COinS = 'rft.eissn', encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['HDL'] = { parameters = { 'hdl', 'HDL' }, link = 'Handle System', redirect = 'hdl (identifier)', q = 'Q3126718', label = 'hdl', prefix = 'https://hdl.handle.net/', COinS = 'info:hdl', separator = ':', encode = true, custom_access = 'hdl-access', }, ['ISBN'] = { -- Used by InternetArchiveBot parameters = {'isbn', 'ISBN'}, link = 'International Standard Book Number', redirect = 'ISBN (identifier)', q = 'Q33057', label = 'ISBN', prefix = 'Special:BookSources/', COinS = 'rft.isbn', separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['ISMN'] = { parameters = {'ismn', 'ISMN'}, link = 'International Standard Music Number', redirect = 'ISMN (identifier)', q = 'Q1666938', label = 'ISMN', prefix = '', -- not currently used; COinS = nil, -- nil because we can't use pre or rft or info: separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['ISSN'] = { parameters = {'issn', 'ISSN'}, link = 'International Standard Serial Number', redirect = 'ISSN (identifier)', q = 'Q131276', label = 'ISSN', prefix = 'https://search.worldcat.org/issn/', COinS = 'rft.issn', encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['JFM'] = { parameters = {'jfm', 'JFM'}, link = 'Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik', redirect = 'JFM (identifier)', q = '', label = 'JFM', prefix = 'https://zbmath.org/?format=complete&q=an:', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['JSTOR'] = { parameters = {'jstor', 'JSTOR'}, link = 'JSTOR', redirect = 'JSTOR (identifier)', q = 'Q1420342', label = 'JSTOR', prefix = 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', custom_access = 'jstor-access', }, ['LCCN'] = { parameters = {'lccn', 'LCCN'}, link = 'Library of Congress Control Number', redirect = 'LCCN (identifier)', q = 'Q620946', label = 'LCCN', prefix = 'https://lccn.loc.gov/', COinS = 'info:lccn', encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['MEDRXIV'] = { parameters = {'medrxiv'}, link = 'medRxiv', redirect = 'medRxiv (identifier)', q = 'Q58465838', label = 'medRxiv', prefix = 'https://www.medrxiv.org/content/', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value access = 'free', -- free to read encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['MR'] = { parameters = {'mr', 'MR'}, link = 'Mathematical Reviews', redirect = 'MR (identifier)', q = 'Q211172', label = 'MR', prefix = 'https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['OCLC'] = { parameters = {'oclc', 'OCLC'}, link = 'OCLC', redirect = 'OCLC (identifier)', q = 'Q190593', label = 'OCLC', prefix = 'https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/', COinS = 'info:oclcnum', encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', id_limit = id_limits_data_t.OCLC or 0, }, ['OL'] = { parameters = { 'ol', 'OL' }, link = 'Open Library', redirect = 'OL (identifier)', q = 'Q1201876', label = 'OL', prefix = 'https://openlibrary.org/', COinS = 'url', separator = '&nbsp;', encode = true, custom_access = 'ol-access', }, ['OSTI'] = { parameters = {'osti', 'OSTI'}, link = 'Office of Scientific and Technical Information', redirect = 'OSTI (identifier)', q = 'Q2015776', label = 'OSTI', prefix = 'https://www.osti.gov/biblio/', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', id_limit = id_limits_data_t.OSTI or 0, custom_access = 'osti-access', }, ['PMC'] = { parameters = {'pmc', 'PMC'}, link = 'PubMed Central', redirect = 'PMC (identifier)', q = 'Q229883', label = 'PMC', prefix = 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC', suffix = '', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', id_limit = id_limits_data_t.PMC or 0, access = 'free', -- free to read }, ['PMID'] = { parameters = {'pmid', 'PMID'}, link = 'PubMed Identifier', redirect = 'PMID (identifier)', q = 'Q2082879', label = 'PMID', prefix = 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/', COinS = 'info:pmid', encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', id_limit = id_limits_data_t.PMID or 0, }, ['RFC'] = { parameters = {'rfc', 'RFC'}, link = 'Request for Comments', redirect = 'RFC (identifier)', q = 'Q212971', label = 'RFC', prefix = 'https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', id_limit = id_limits_data_t.RFC or 0, access = 'free', -- free to read }, ['SBN'] = { parameters = {'sbn', 'SBN'}, link = 'Standard Book Number', -- redirect to International_Standard_Book_Number#History redirect = 'SBN (identifier)', label = 'SBN', prefix = 'Special:BookSources/0-', -- prefix has leading zero necessary to make 9-digit sbn a 10-digit isbn COinS = nil, -- nil because we can't use pre or rft or info: separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['SSRN'] = { parameters = {'ssrn', 'SSRN'}, link = 'Social Science Research Network', redirect = 'SSRN (identifier)', q = 'Q7550801', label = 'SSRN', prefix = 'https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', id_limit = id_limits_data_t.SSRN or 0, custom_access = 'ssrn-access', }, ['S2CID'] = { parameters = {'s2cid', 'S2CID'}, link = 'Semantic Scholar', redirect = 'S2CID (identifier)', q = 'Q22908627', label = 'S2CID', prefix = 'https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', id_limit = id_limits_data_t.S2CID or 0, custom_access = 's2cid-access', }, ['USENETID'] = { parameters = {'message-id'}, link = 'Usenet', redirect = 'Usenet (identifier)', q = 'Q193162', label = 'Usenet:', prefix = 'news:', encode = false, COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['ZBL'] = { parameters = {'zbl', 'ZBL' }, link = 'Zentralblatt MATH', redirect = 'Zbl (identifier)', q = 'Q190269', label = 'Zbl', prefix = 'https://zbmath.org/?format=complete&q=an:', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, } --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T S >--------------------------------- ]] return { use_identifier_redirects = use_identifier_redirects, -- booleans defined in the settings at the top of this module local_lang_cat_enable = local_lang_cat_enable, date_name_auto_xlate_enable = date_name_auto_xlate_enable, date_digit_auto_xlate_enable = date_digit_auto_xlate_enable, enable_sort_keys = enable_sort_keys, suppress_archive_today_urls = suppress_archive_today_urls, -- tables and variables created when this module is loaded dependencies_t = dependencies_t, -- used to suppress parameters dependent on url-holding parameters holding archive.today urls enum_needs_xlation = '1' ~= date_names.xlate_digits['1'], -- to avoid unnecessary enumerator translation global_df = get_date_format (), -- this line can be replaced with "global_df = 'dmy-all'," to have all dates auto translated to dmy format. global_cs1_config_t = global_cs1_config_t, -- global settings from {{cs1 config}} id_limits_data_load_fail = id_limits_data_load_fail, -- true when commons tabular identifier-limit data fails to load known_free_doi_registrants_t = build_free_doi_registrants_table(), punct_skip = build_skip_table (punct_skip, punct_meta_params), url_skip = build_skip_table (url_skip, url_meta_params), archive_today_tlds_t = {['today'] = true, ['ph'] = true, ['is'] = true, ['md'] = true, ['li'] = true, ['fo'] = true, ['vn'] = true}; -- used by is_archive_today_url() name_space_sort_keys = name_space_sort_keys, aliases = aliases, special_case_translation = special_case_translation, date_names = date_names, err_msg_supl = err_msg_supl, error_conditions = error_conditions, et_al_patterns = et_al_patterns, extended_registrants_t = extended_registrants_t, id_handlers = id_handlers, keywords_lists = keywords_lists, keywords_xlate = keywords_xlate, stripmarkers = stripmarkers, invisible_chars = invisible_chars, invisible_defs = invisible_defs, indic_script = indic_script, emoji_t = emoji_t, messages = messages, presentation = presentation, prop_cats = prop_cats, script_lang_codes = script_lang_codes, lang_tag_remap = lang_tag_remap, lang_name_remap = lang_name_remap, this_wiki_code = this_wiki_code, title_types = title_types, uncategorized_namespaces = uncategorized_namespaces_t, uncategorized_subpages = uncategorized_subpages, templates_using_volume = templates_using_volume, templates_using_issue = templates_using_issue, templates_not_using_page = templates_not_using_page, vol_iss_pg_patterns = vol_iss_pg_patterns, single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t = single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t, url_access_map_t = url_access_map_t, inter_wiki_map = inter_wiki_map, mw_languages_by_tag_t = mw_languages_by_tag_t, mw_languages_by_name_t = mw_languages_by_name_t, citation_class_map_t = citation_class_map_t, citation_issue_t = citation_issue_t, citation_no_volume_t = citation_no_volume_t, } e7w2jpc8m3hf485c54y7d0wmq4zi17p 366685 366684 2026-08-23T13:30:11Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration]] 366684 Scribunto text/plain local lang_obj = mw.getContentLanguage(); -- make a language object for the local language; used here for languages and dates --[[--------------------------< S E T T I N G S >-------------------------------------------------------------- boolean settings used to control various things. these setting located here to make them easy to find ]] -- these settings local to this module only local local_digits_from_mediawiki = false; -- for i18n; when true, module fills date_names['local_digits'] from MediaWiki; manual fill required else; always false at en.wiki -- these settings exported to other modules local use_identifier_redirects = true; -- when true use redirect name for identifier label links; always true at en.wiki local local_lang_cat_enable = false; -- when true categorizes pages where |language=<local wiki's language>; always false at en.wiki local date_name_auto_xlate_enable = false; -- when true translates English month-names to the local-wiki's language month names; always false at en.wiki local date_digit_auto_xlate_enable = false; -- when true translates Western date digit to the local-wiki's language digits (date_names['local_digits']); always false at en.wiki local enable_sort_keys = true; -- when true module adds namespace sort keys to error and maintenance category links local suppress_archive_today_urls = true; -- when true module suppresses all parameters with an archive.today url and any deprendent parameters --[[--------------------------< U N C A T E G O R I Z E D _ N A M E S P A C E S >------------------------------ List of namespaces identifiers for namespaces that will not be included in citation error categories. Same as setting notracking = true by default. For wikis that have a current version of Module:cs1 documentation support, this #invoke will return an unordered list of namespace names and their associated identifiers: {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|uncategorized_namespace_lister|all=<anything>}} ]] local uncategorized_namespaces_t = {[2]=true}; -- init with user namespace id for k, _ in pairs (mw.site.talkNamespaces) do -- add all talk namespace ids uncategorized_namespaces_t[k] = true; end local uncategorized_subpages = {'/[Ss]andbox', '/[Tt]estcases', '/[^/]*[Ll]og', '/[Aa]rchive'}; -- list of Lua patterns found in page names of pages we should not categorize --[[ at en.wiki Greek characters are used as sort keys for certain items in a category so that those items are placed at the end of a category page. See Wikipedia:Categorization#Sort_keys. That works well for en.wiki because English is written using the Latn script. This may not work well for other languages. At en.wiki it is desireable to place content from certain namespaces at the end of a category listing so the module adds sort keys to error and maintenance category links when rendering a cs1|2 template on a page in that namespace. i18n: if this does not work well for your language, set <enable_sort_keys> to false. ]] local name_space_sort_keys = { -- sort keys to be used with these namespaces: [4] = 'ω', -- wikipedia; omega [10] = 'τ', -- template; tau [118] = 'Δ', -- draft; delta ['other'] = 'ο', -- all other non-talk namespaces except main (article); omicron } --[[--------------------------< M E S S A G E S >-------------------------------------------------------------- Translation table The following contains fixed text that may be output as part of a citation. This is separated from the main body to aid in future translations of this module. ]] local messages = { ['agency'] = '$1 $2', -- $1 is sepc, $2 is agency ['archived-dead'] = 'Archived from $1 on $2', ['archived-live'] = '$1 from the original on $2', ['archived-unfit'] = 'Archived from the original on $1', ['archived'] = 'Archived', ['by'] = 'By', -- contributions to authored works: introduction, foreword, afterword ['cartography'] = 'Cartography by $1', ['collaboration'] = '$1 ($2)', -- $1 is author with et al, $2 is collaboration ['editor'] = 'ed.', ['editors'] = 'eds.', ['edition'] = '($1&nbsp;ed.)', ['episode'] = 'Episode $1', ['et al'] = 'et&nbsp;al.', ['in'] = 'In', -- edited works ['inactive'] = ' (inactive $1)', -- $1 is date which the doi was found to be broken in ['inset'] = '$1 inset', ['interview'] = 'Interviewed by $1', invisible_1 = '$1 $2', -- $1 stripmarker name; $2 is text from <invisible_chars[1]> invisible_2 = '$1 character', -- $1 character name from <invisible_chars[1]> ['mismatch'] = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$2=</code> mismatch', -- $1 is year param name; $2 is date param name ['newsgroup'] = '[[Usenet newsgroup|Newsgroup]]:&nbsp;$1', ['notitle'] = 'No title', -- for |title=(()) and (in the future) |title=none ['original'] = 'the original', ['origdate'] = ' [$1]', ['published'] = ' (published $1)', ['retrieved'] = 'Retrieved $1', ['season'] = 'Season $1', ['section'] = '§&nbsp;$1', ['sections'] = '§§&nbsp;$1', ['series'] = '$1 $2', -- $1 is sepc, $2 is series ['seriesnum'] = 'Series $1', ['translated'] = 'Translated by $1', ['type'] = ' ($1)', -- for titletype wikidata = 'Wikidata', -- these used for interwikilinked author/editor/... names wikipedia = 'Wikipedia', wikisource = 'Wikisource', ['written'] = 'Written at $1', ['vol'] = '$1 Vol.&nbsp;$2', -- $1 is sepc; bold journal style volume is in presentation{} ['vol-no'] = '$1 Vol.&nbsp;$2, no.&nbsp;$3', -- sepc, volume, issue (alternatively insert $1 after $2, but then we'd also have to change capitalization) ['issue'] = '$1 No.&nbsp;$2', -- $1 is sepc ['art'] = '$1 Art.&nbsp;$2', -- $1 is sepc; for {{cite conference}} only ['vol-art'] = '$1 Vol.&nbsp;$2, art.&nbsp;$3', -- sepc, volume, article-number; for {{cite conference}} only ['j-vol'] = '$1 $2', -- sepc, volume; bold journal volume is in presentation{} ['j-issue'] = ' ($1)', ['j-article-num'] = ' $1', -- TODO: any punctuation here? static text? ['nopp'] = '$1 $2'; -- page(s) without prefix; $1 is sepc ['p-prefix'] = "$1 p.&nbsp;$2", -- $1 is sepc ['pp-prefix'] = "$1 pp.&nbsp;$2", -- $1 is sepc ['j-page(s)'] = ': $1', -- same for page and pages ['sheet'] = '$1 Sheet&nbsp;$2', -- $1 is sepc ['sheets'] = '$1 Sheets&nbsp;$2', -- $1 is sepc ['j-sheet'] = ': Sheet&nbsp;$1', ['j-sheets'] = ': Sheets&nbsp;$1', ['language'] = '(in $1)', ['via'] = " &ndash; via $1", ['event'] = 'Event occurs at', ['minutes'] = ' $1 minutes in', -- $1 is the number of minutes -- Determines the location of the help page ['help page link'] = 'Help:CS1 errors', ['help page label'] = 'help', -- categories ['cat wikilink'] = '[[Category:$1]]', -- $1 is the category name ['cat wikilink sk'] = '[[Category:$1|$2]]', -- $1 is the category name; $2 is namespace sort key [':cat wikilink'] = '[[:Category:$1|link]]', -- category name as maintenance message wikilink; $1 is the category name -- Internal errors (should only occur if configuration is bad) ['undefined_error'] = 'Called with an undefined error condition', ['unknown_ID_key'] = 'Unrecognized ID key: ', -- an ID key in id_handlers not found in ~/Identifiers func_map{} ['unknown_ID_access'] = 'Unrecognized ID access keyword: ', -- an ID access keyword in id_handlers not found in keywords_lists['id-access']{} ['unknown_argument_map'] = 'Argument map not defined for this variable', ['bare_url_no_origin'] = 'Bare URL found but origin indicator is nil or empty', ['warning_msg_e'] = '<span style="color:#d33"><code style="color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit;">&#123;{$1}}</code>: this [[#$2|reference]] has errors</span>; messages may be hidden ([[Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display|help]]).'; -- $1 is template link; $2 is anchor ID ['warning_msg_m'] = '<span style="color:#085"><code style="color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit;">&#123;{$1}}</code>: this [[#$2|reference]] has maintenance messages</span>; messages may be hidden ([[Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display|help]]).'; -- $1 is template link; $2 is anchor ID } --[[--------------------------< C I T A T I O N _ C L A S S _ M A P >------------------------------------------ this table maps the value assigned to |CitationClass= in the cs1|2 templates to the canonical template name when the value assigned to |CitationClass= is different from the canonical template name. |CitationClass= values are used as class attributes in the <cite> tag that encloses the citation so these names may not contain spaces while the canonical template name may. These names are used in warning_msg_e and warning_msg_m to create links to the template's documentation when an article is displayed in preview mode. ]] local citation_class_map_t = { -- TODO: in Module:Cite/config write a function to use this table arxiv = 'cite arXiv', -- as the source for known_templates_t and citation_classes_t ['audio-visual'] = 'cite AV media', ['AV-media-notes'] = 'cite AV media notes', biorxiv = 'cite bioRxiv', book = 'cite book', citation = 'citation', citeseerx = 'cite CiteSeerX', conference = 'cite conference', document = 'cite document', encyclopaedia = 'cite encyclopedia', episode = 'cite episode', interview = 'cite interview', journal = 'cite journal', magazine = 'cite magazine', mailinglist = 'cite mailing list', map = 'cite map', medrxiv = 'cite medRxiv', news = 'cite news', newsgroup = 'cite newsgroup', podcast = 'cite podcast', pressrelease = 'cite press release', report = 'cite report', serial = 'cite serial', sign = 'cite sign', speech = 'cite speech', ssrn = 'cite SSRN', techreport = 'cite tech report', thesis = 'cite thesis', web = 'cite web', } --[=[-------------------------< E T _ A L _ P A T T E R N S >-------------------------------------------------- This table provides Lua patterns for the phrase "et al" and variants in name text (author, editor, etc.). The main module uses these to identify and emit the 'etal' message. ]=] local et_al_patterns = { "[;,]? *[\"']*%f[%a][Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll][%.;,\"']*$", -- variations on the 'et al' theme "[;,]? *[\"']*%f[%a][Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll][Ii][AaIi][Ee]?[%.;,\"']*$", -- variations on the 'et alia', 'et alii' and 'et aliae' themes (false positive 'et aliie' unlikely to match) "[;,]? *%f[%a]and [Oo]thers", -- an alternative to et al. "%[%[ *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *%]%]", -- a wikilinked form "%(%( *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *%)%)", -- a double-bracketed form (to counter partial removal of ((...)) syntax) "[%(%[] *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *[%)%]]", -- a bracketed form } --[[--------------------------< P R E S E N T A T I O N >------------------------ Fixed presentation markup. Originally part of citation_config.messages it has been moved into its own, more semantically correct place. ]] local presentation = { -- .citation-comment class is specified at Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display ['hidden-error'] = '<span class="cs1-hidden-error citation-comment">$1</span>', ['visible-error'] = '<span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">$1</span>', ['hidden-maint'] = '<span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">$1</span>', ['accessdate'] = '<span class="reference-accessdate">$1$2</span>', -- to allow editors to hide accessdate using personal CSS ['bdi'] = '<bdi$1>$2</bdi>', -- bidirectional isolation used with |script-title= and the like ['cite'] = '<cite class="$1">$2</cite>'; -- for use when citation does not have a namelist and |ref= not set so no id="..." attribute ['cite-id'] = '<cite id="$1" class="$2">$3</cite>'; -- for use when when |ref= is set or when citation has a namelist ['format'] = ' <span class="cs1-format">($1)</span>', -- for |format=, |chapter-format=, etc. ['interwiki'] = ' <span class="cs1-format">[in $1]</span>', -- for interwiki-language-linked author, editor, etc ['interproj'] = ' <span class="cs1-format">[at $1]</span>', -- for interwiki-project-linked author, editor, etc (:d: and :s: supported; :w: ignored) -- various access levels, for |access=, |doi-access=, |arxiv=, ... -- narrow no-break space &#8239; may work better than nowrap CSS. Or not? Browser support? ['ext-link-access-signal'] = '<span class="$1" title="$2">$3</span>', -- external link with appropriate lock icon ['free'] = {class='id-lock-free', title='Freely accessible'}, -- classes defined in Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css ['registration'] = {class='id-lock-registration', title='Free registration required'}, ['limited'] = {class='id-lock-limited', title='Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required'}, ['subscription'] = {class='id-lock-subscription', title='Paid subscription required'}, ['interwiki-icon'] = '<span class="$1" title="$2">$3</span>', ['class-wikisource'] = 'cs1-ws-icon', ['italic-title'] = "''$1''", ['kern-left'] = '<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>$1', -- spacing to use when title contains leading single or double quote mark ['kern-right'] = '$1<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>', -- spacing to use when title contains trailing single or double quote mark ['nowrap1'] = '<span class="nowrap">$1</span>', -- for nowrapping an item: <span ...>yyyy-mm-dd</span> ['nowrap2'] = '<span class="nowrap">$1</span> $2', -- for nowrapping portions of an item: <span ...>dd mmmm</span> yyyy (note white space) ['ocins'] = '<span title="$1" class="Z3988"></span>', ['parameter'] = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', ['ps_cs1'] = '.'; -- CS1 style postscript (terminal) character ['ps_cs2'] = ''; -- CS2 style postscript (terminal) character (empty string) ['quoted-text'] = '<q>$1</q>', -- for wrapping |quote= content ['quoted-title'] = '"$1"', ['sep_cs1'] = '.', -- CS1 element separator ['sep_cs2'] = ',', -- CS2 separator ['sep_nl'] = ';', -- CS1|2 style name-list separator between names is a semicolon ['sep_nl_and'] = ' and ', -- used as last nl sep when |name-list-style=and and list has 2 items ['sep_nl_end'] = '; and ', -- used as last nl sep when |name-list-style=and and list has 3+ names ['sep_name'] = ', ', -- CS1|2 style last/first separator is <comma><space> ['sep_nl_vanc'] = ',', -- Vancouver style name-list separator between authors is a comma ['sep_name_vanc'] = ' ', -- Vancouver style last/first separator is a space ['sep_list'] = ', ', -- used for |language= when list has 3+ items except for last sep which uses sep_list_end ['sep_list_pair'] = ' and ', -- used for |language= when list has 2 items ['sep_list_end'] = ', and ', -- used as last list sep for |language= when list has 3+ items ['trans-italic-title'] = "&#91;''$1''&#93;", ['trans-quoted-title'] = "&#91;$1&#93;", -- for |trans-title= and |trans-quote= ['vol-bold'] = '$1 <b>$2</b>', -- sepc, volume; for bold journal cites; for other cites ['vol'] in messages{} } --[[--------------------------< A L I A S E S >--------------------------------- Aliases table for commonly passed parameters. Parameter names on the right side in the assignments in this table must have been defined in the Whitelist before they will be recognized as valid parameter names ]] local aliases = { ['AccessDate'] = {'access-date', 'accessdate'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Agency'] = 'agency', ['ArchiveDate'] = {'archive-date', 'archivedate'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['ArchiveFormat'] = 'archive-format', ['ArchiveURL'] = {'archive-url', 'archiveurl'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['ArticleNumber'] = 'article-number', ['ASINTLD'] = 'asin-tld', ['At'] = 'at', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Authors'] = {'people', 'credits'}, ['BookTitle'] = {'book-title', 'booktitle'}, ['Cartography'] = 'cartography', ['Chapter'] = {'chapter', 'contribution', 'entry', 'article', 'section'}, ['ChapterFormat'] = {'chapter-format', 'contribution-format', 'entry-format', 'article-format', 'section-format'}; ['ChapterURL'] = {'chapter-url', 'contribution-url', 'entry-url', 'article-url', 'section-url'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['ChapterUrlAccess'] = {'chapter-url-access', 'contribution-url-access', 'entry-url-access', 'article-url-access', 'section-url-access'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Class'] = 'class', -- cite arxiv and arxiv identifier ['Collaboration'] = 'collaboration', ['Conference'] = {'conference', 'event'}, ['ConferenceFormat'] = 'conference-format', ['ConferenceURL'] = 'conference-url', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Date'] = {'date', 'air-date', 'airdate'}, -- air-date and airdate for cite episode and cite serial only ['Degree'] = 'degree', ['DF'] = 'df', ['DisplayAuthors'] = {'display-authors', 'display-subjects'}, ['DisplayContributors'] = 'display-contributors', ['DisplayEditors'] = 'display-editors', ['DisplayInterviewers'] = 'display-interviewers', ['DisplayTranslators'] = 'display-translators', ['Docket'] = 'docket', ['DoiBroken'] = 'doi-broken-date', ['Edition'] = 'edition', ['Embargo'] = 'pmc-embargo-date', ['Encyclopedia'] = {'encyclopedia', 'encyclopaedia', 'dictionary'}, -- cite encyclopedia only ['Episode'] = 'episode', -- cite serial only TODO: make available to cite episode? ['Format'] = 'format', ['ID'] = {'id', 'ID'}, ['Inset'] = 'inset', ['Issue'] = {'issue', 'number'}, ['Language'] = {'language', 'lang'}, ['MailingList'] = {'mailing-list', 'mailinglist'}, -- cite mailing list only ['Map'] = 'map', -- cite map only ['MapFormat'] = 'map-format', -- cite map only ['MapURL'] = {'map-url', 'mapurl'}, -- cite map only -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['MapUrlAccess'] = 'map-url-access', -- cite map only -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Minutes'] = 'minutes', ['Mode'] = 'mode', ['NameListStyle'] = 'name-list-style', ['Network'] = 'network', ['Newsgroup'] = 'newsgroup', -- cite newsgroup only ['NoPP'] = {'no-pp', 'nopp'}, ['NoTracking'] = {'no-tracking', 'template-doc-demo'}, ['Number'] = 'number', -- this case only for cite techreport ['OrigDate'] = {'orig-date', 'orig-year', 'origyear'}, ['Others'] = 'others', ['Page'] = {'page', 'p'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Pages'] = {'pages', 'pp'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Periodical'] = {'journal', 'magazine', 'newspaper', 'periodical', 'website', 'work'}, ['Place'] = {'place', 'location'}, ['PostScript'] = 'postscript', ['PublicationDate'] = {'publication-date', 'publicationdate'}, ['PublicationPlace'] = {'publication-place', 'publicationplace'}, ['PublisherName'] = {'publisher', 'institution'}, ['Quote'] = {'quote', 'quotation'}, ['QuotePage'] = 'quote-page', ['QuotePages'] = 'quote-pages', ['Ref'] = 'ref', ['Scale'] = 'scale', ['ScriptChapter'] = {'script-chapter', 'script-contribution', 'script-entry', 'script-article', 'script-section'}, ['ScriptEncyclopedia'] = {'script-encyclopedia', 'script-encyclopaedia'}, -- cite encyclopedia only ['ScriptMap'] = 'script-map', ['ScriptPeriodical'] = {'script-journal', 'script-magazine', 'script-newspaper', 'script-periodical', 'script-website', 'script-work'}, ['ScriptQuote'] = 'script-quote', ['ScriptTitle'] = 'script-title', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Season'] = 'season', ['Sections'] = 'sections', -- cite map only ['Series'] = {'series', 'version'}, ['SeriesLink'] = {'series-link', 'serieslink'}, ['SeriesNumber'] = {'series-number', 'series-no'}, ['Sheet'] = 'sheet', -- cite map only ['Sheets'] = 'sheets', -- cite map only ['Station'] = 'station', ['Time'] = 'time', ['TimeCaption'] = 'time-caption', ['Title'] = 'title', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['TitleLink'] = {'title-link', 'episode-link', 'episodelink'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['TitleNote'] = {'title-note', 'department'}, ['TitleType'] = {'type', 'medium'}, ['TransChapter'] = {'trans-article', 'trans-chapter', 'trans-contribution', 'trans-entry', 'trans-section'}, ['Transcript'] = 'transcript', ['TranscriptFormat'] = 'transcript-format', ['TranscriptURL'] = 'transcript-url', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['TransEncyclopedia'] = {'trans-encyclopedia', 'trans-encyclopaedia'}, -- cite encyclopedia only ['TransMap'] = 'trans-map', -- cite map only ['TransPeriodical'] = {'trans-journal', 'trans-magazine', 'trans-newspaper', 'trans-periodical', 'trans-website', 'trans-work'}, ['TransQuote'] = 'trans-quote', ['TransTitle'] = 'trans-title', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['URL'] = {'url', 'URL'}, -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['UrlAccess'] = 'url-access', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['UrlStatus'] = 'url-status', -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['Vauthors'] = 'vauthors', ['Veditors'] = 'veditors', ['Via'] = 'via', ['Volume'] = 'volume', ['Year'] = 'year', ['AuthorList-First'] = {"first#", "author-first#", "author#-first", "author-given#", "author#-given", "subject-first#", "subject#-first", "subject-given#", "subject#-given", "given#"}, ['AuthorList-Last'] = {"last#", "author-last#", "author#-last", "author-surname#", "author#-surname", "subject-last#", "subject#-last", "subject-surname#", "subject#-surname", "author#", 'host#', "subject#", "surname#"}, ['AuthorList-Link'] = {"author-link#", "author#-link", "subject-link#", "subject#-link", "authorlink#", "author#link"}, ['AuthorList-Mask'] = {"author-mask#", "author#-mask", "subject-mask#", "subject#-mask"}, ['ContributorList-First'] = {'contributor-first#', 'contributor#-first', 'contributor-given#', 'contributor#-given'}, ['ContributorList-Last'] = {'contributor-last#', 'contributor#-last', 'contributor-surname#', 'contributor#-surname', 'contributor#'}, ['ContributorList-Link'] = {'contributor-link#', 'contributor#-link'}, ['ContributorList-Mask'] = {'contributor-mask#', 'contributor#-mask'}, ['EditorList-First'] = {"editor-first#", "editor#-first", "editor-given#", "editor#-given"}, ['EditorList-Last'] = {"editor-last#", "editor#-last", "editor-surname#", "editor#-surname", "editor#"}, ['EditorList-Link'] = {"editor-link#", "editor#-link"}, ['EditorList-Mask'] = {"editor-mask#", "editor#-mask"}, ['InterviewerList-First'] = {'interviewer-first#', 'interviewer#-first', 'interviewer-given#', 'interviewer#-given'}, ['InterviewerList-Last'] = {'interviewer-last#', 'interviewer#-last', 'interviewer-surname#', 'interviewer#-surname', 'interviewer#'}, ['InterviewerList-Link'] = {'interviewer-link#', 'interviewer#-link'}, ['InterviewerList-Mask'] = {'interviewer-mask#', 'interviewer#-mask'}, ['TranslatorList-First'] = {'translator-first#', 'translator#-first', 'translator-given#', 'translator#-given'}, ['TranslatorList-Last'] = {'translator-last#', 'translator#-last', 'translator-surname#', 'translator#-surname', 'translator#'}, ['TranslatorList-Link'] = {'translator-link#', 'translator#-link'}, ['TranslatorList-Mask'] = {'translator-mask#', 'translator#-mask'}, } --[[--------------------------< D E P E N D E N C I E S _ T >-------------------------------------------------- a table of url-holding parameters upon which other parameters are dependent. this table is used by has_archive_today_url() to suppress parameters that are dependant upon a url-holding parameter that has as a value an archive.today (or alternate tld) url. archive.today is deprecated at en.wiki; see Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/Archive.is_RFC_5 ]] local url_dependency_map_t = { -- table of url-holding parameters and the meta-parameters that are dependent on them ['url'] = {'AccessDate', 'ArchiveURL', 'Format', 'UrlAccess'}, ['archive-url'] = {'ArchiveDate', 'ArchiveFormat', 'UrlStatus'}, ['archiveurl'] = {'ArchiveDate', 'ArchiveFormat', 'UrlStatus'}, ['article-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'}, ['chapter-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'}, ['conference-url'] = {'ConferenceFormat'}, ['contribution-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'}, ['entry-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'}, ['map-url'] = {'MapFormat', 'MapUrlAccess'}, ['section-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'}, ['transcript-url'] = {'TranscriptFormat'}, }; local dependencies_t = {}; -- the table of url-holding parameters and their dependent parameters for url_param, meta_parameters_t in pairs (url_dependency_map_t) do -- sequence of meta-parameters (indexes) into <aliases> table local dependant_params_t = {}; -- collection of parameters that are dependent on this <url_param> for _, meta_parameter in ipairs (meta_parameters_t) do -- for each <aliases> meta-parameter (index) if 'string' == type (aliases[meta_parameter]) then -- for single parameter names (no aliases), <aliases[meta_parameter]> will be a string table.insert (dependant_params_t, aliases[meta_parameter]); -- add to this <url_param>'s dependency sequence else for _, alias in ipairs (aliases[meta_parameter]) do -- for each alias in aliases[meta_parameter] (aliases['AccessDate'] for example) table.insert (dependant_params_t, alias); -- add to this <url_param>'s dependency sequence end end end dependencies_t[url_param] = dependant_params_t; -- add the <url_param> and its dependent parameters end --[[--------------------------< P U N C T _ S K I P >--------------------------- builds a table of parameter names that the extraneous terminal punctuation check should not check. ]] local punct_meta_params = { -- table of aliases[] keys (meta parameters); each key has a table of parameter names for a value 'BookTitle', 'Chapter', 'ScriptChapter', 'ScriptTitle', 'Title', 'TransChapter', 'Transcript', 'TransMap', 'TransTitle', -- title-holding parameters 'AuthorList-Mask', 'ContributorList-Mask', 'EditorList-Mask', 'InterviewerList-Mask', 'TranslatorList-Mask', -- name-list mask may have name separators 'PostScript', 'Quote', 'ScriptQuote', 'TransQuote', 'Ref', -- miscellaneous 'ArchiveURL', 'ChapterURL', 'ConferenceURL', 'MapURL', 'TranscriptURL', 'URL', -- URL-holding parameters } local url_meta_params = { -- table of aliases[] keys (meta parameters); each key has a table of parameter names for a value 'ArchiveURL', 'ChapterURL', 'ConferenceURL', 'ID', 'MapURL', 'TranscriptURL', 'URL', -- parameters allowed to hold urls 'Page', 'Pages', 'At', 'QuotePage', 'QuotePages', -- insource locators allowed to hold urls } local function build_skip_table (skip_t, meta_params) for _, meta_param in ipairs (meta_params) do -- for each meta parameter key local params = aliases[meta_param]; -- get the parameter or the table of parameters associated with the meta parameter name if 'string' == type (params) then skip_t[params] = 1; -- just a single parameter else for _, param in ipairs (params) do -- get the parameter name skip_t[param] = 1; -- add the parameter name to the skip table local count; param, count = param:gsub ('#', ''); -- remove enumerator marker from enumerated parameters if 0 ~= count then -- if removed skip_t[param] = 1; -- add param name without enumerator marker end end end end return skip_t; end local punct_skip = {}; local url_skip = {}; --[[--------------------------< U R L _ A C C E S S _ M A P >-------------------------------------------------- this table used by the wikipedia library url test, has_twl_url(), which automatically sets a url-access parameter to 'subscription' when it discovers a wikipedia library url in any of the url-holding paramters used as keys in this table. translators: if your wiki uses parameter names for these url-holding parameters and their matching -access parameters, add your wiki's parameters to this list. Leave the English parameters in place. TODO: is there a better way to do this? ]] local url_access_map_t = { ['chapter-url'] = 'chapter-url-access', ['contribution-url'] = 'contribution-url-access', ['entry-url'] = 'entry-url-access', ['article-url'] = 'article-url-access', ['section-url'] = 'section-url-access', ['map-url'] = 'map-url-access', ['mapurl'] = 'map-url-access', ['url'] = 'url-access', ['URL'] = 'url-access' } --[[--------------------------< S I N G L E - L E T T E R S E C O N D - L E V E L D O M A I N S >---------- this is a list of tlds that are known to have single-letter second-level domain names. This list does not include ccTLDs which are accepted in is_domain_name(). ]] local single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t = {'cash', 'company', 'foundation', 'media', 'org', 'today'}; --[[-----------< S P E C I A L C A S E T R A N S L A T I O N S >------------ This table is primarily here to support internationalization. Translations in this table are used, for example, when an error message, category name, etc., is extracted from the English alias key. There may be other cases where this translation table may be useful. ]] local is_Latn = 'A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143\225\184\128-\225\187\191'; local special_case_translation = { author = 'author', editor = 'editor', name_list_params = '$1-name-list parameters', -- $1 is 'author' or 'editor'; used with err_redundant_parameters ['AuthorList'] = 'authors list', -- used to assemble maintenance category names ['ContributorList'] = 'contributors list', -- translation of these names plus translation of the base maintenance category names in maint_cats{} table below ['EditorList'] = 'editors list', -- must match the names of the actual categories ['InterviewerList'] = 'interviewers list', -- this group or translations used by name_has_ed_markup() and name_has_mult_names() ['TranslatorList'] = 'translators list', -- Lua patterns to match pseudo-titles used by InternetArchiveBot and others as placeholder for unknown |title= value ['archived_copy'] = { -- used with CS1 maint: Archive[d] copy as title ['en'] = '^archived?%s+copy$', -- for English; translators: keep this because templates imported from en.wiki ['local'] = nil, -- translators: replace ['local'] = nil with lowercase translation only when bots or tools create generic titles in your language }, -- Lua patterns to match generic titles; usually created by bots or reference filling tools -- translators: replace ['local'] = nil with lowercase translation only when bots or tools create generic titles in your language -- generic titles and patterns in this table should be lowercase only -- leave ['local'] nil except when there is a matching generic title in your language -- boolean 'true' for plain-text searches; 'false' for pattern searches ['generic_titles'] = { ['accept'] = { }, ['reject'] = { {['en'] = {'^wayback%s+machine$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'are you a robot', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'hugedomains', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[%(%[{<]?no +title[>}%]%)]?$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'page not found', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'subscribe to read', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[%(%[{<]?unknown[>}%]%)]?$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'website is for sale', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^404', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'error[ %-]404', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'internet archive wayback machine', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'log into facebook', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'login • instagram', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'redirecting...', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'usurped title', true}, ['local'] = nil}, -- added by a GreenC bot {['en'] = {'wayback machine', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'webcite query result', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'wikiwix\'s cache', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'bot verification', true}, ['local'] = nil}, } }, -- boolean 'true' for plain-text searches, search string must be lowercase only -- boolean 'false' for pattern searches -- leave ['local'] nil except when there is a matching generic name in your language ['generic_names'] = { ['accept'] = { {['en'] = {'%[%[[^|]*%(author%) *|[^%]]*%]%]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, }, ['reject'] = { {['en'] = {'about us', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'%f[%a][Aa]dvisor%f[%A]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'allmusic', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'%f[%a][Aa]uthor%f[%A]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[Bb]ureau$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'business', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'cnn', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'collaborator', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[Cc]ompany$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'contributor', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'contact us', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'correspondent', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[Dd]esk$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'directory', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'%f[%(%[][%(%[]%s*eds?%.?%s*[%)%]]?$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'[,%.%s]%f[e]eds?%.?$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^eds?[%.,;]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[%(%[]%s*[Ee][Dd][Ss]?%.?%s*[%)%]]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'%f[%a][Ee]dited%f[%A]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'%f[%a][Ee]ditors?%f[%A]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'%f[%a][Ee]mail%f[%A]', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'facebook', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'google', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[Gg]roup$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'home page', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[Ii]nc%.?$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'instagram', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'interviewer', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[Ll]imited$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'linkedIn', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'^[Nn]ews$', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'[Nn]ews[ %-]?[Rr]oom', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'pinterest', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'policy', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'privacy', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'reuters', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'translator', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'tumblr', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'twitter', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'site name', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'statement', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'submitted', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'super.?user', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'%f['..is_Latn..'][Uu]ser%f[^'..is_Latn..']', false}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'updated', true}, ['local'] = nil}, {['en'] = {'verfasser', true}, ['local'] = nil}, } } } --[[--------------------------< D A T E _ N A M E S >---------------------------------------------------------- This table of tables lists local language date names and fallback English date names. The code in Date_validation will look first in the local table for valid date names. If date names are not found in the local table, the code will look in the English table. Because citations can be copied to the local wiki from en.wiki, the English is required when the date-name translation function date_name_xlate() is used. In these tables, season numbering is defined by Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) Specification (https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/) which became part of ISO 8601 in 2019. See '§Sub-year groupings'. The standard defines various divisions using numbers 21-41. CS1|2 only supports generic seasons. EDTF does support the distinction between north and south hemisphere seasons but CS1|2 has no way to make that distinction. 33-36 = Quarter 1, Quarter 2, Quarter 3, Quarter 4 (3 months each) The standard does not address 'named' dates so, for the purposes of CS1|2, Easter and Christmas are defined here as 98 and 99, which should be out of the ISO 8601 (EDTF) range of uses for a while. local_date_names_from_mediawiki is a boolean. When set to: true – module will fetch local month names from MediaWiki for both date_names['local']['long'] and date_names['local']['short']; this will unconditionally overwrite manual translations false – module will *not* fetch local month names from MediaWiki Caveat lector: There is no guarantee that MediaWiki will provide short month names. At your wiki you can test the results of the MediaWiki fetch in the debug console with this command (the result is alpha sorted): =mw.dumpObject (p.date_names['local']) While the module can fetch month names from MediaWiki, it cannot fetch the quarter, season, and named date names from MediaWiki. Those must be translated manually. ]] local local_date_names_from_mediawiki = true; -- when false, manual translation required for date_names['local']['long'] and date_names['local']['short']; overwrites manual translations -- when true, module fetches long and short month names from MediaWiki local date_names = { ['en'] = { -- English ['long'] = {['January'] = 1, ['February'] = 2, ['March'] = 3, ['April'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['June'] = 6, ['July'] = 7, ['August'] = 8, ['September'] = 9, ['October'] = 10, ['November'] = 11, ['December'] = 12}, ['short'] = {['Jan'] = 1, ['Feb'] = 2, ['Mar'] = 3, ['Apr'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['Jun'] = 6, ['Jul'] = 7, ['Aug'] = 8, ['Sep'] = 9, ['Oct'] = 10, ['Nov'] = 11, ['Dec'] = 12}, ['quarter'] = {['First Quarter'] = 33, ['Second Quarter'] = 34, ['Third Quarter'] = 35, ['Fourth Quarter'] = 36}, ['season'] = {['Winter'] = 24, ['Spring'] = 21, ['Summer'] = 22, ['Fall'] = 23, ['Autumn'] = 23}, ['named'] = {['Easter'] = 98, ['Christmas'] = 99}, }, -- when local_date_names_from_mediawiki = false ['local'] = { -- replace these English date names with the local language equivalents ['long'] = {['January'] = 1, ['February'] = 2, ['March'] = 3, ['April'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['June'] = 6, ['July'] = 7, ['August'] = 8, ['September'] = 9, ['October'] = 10, ['November'] = 11, ['December'] = 12}, ['short'] = {['Jan'] = 1, ['Feb'] = 2, ['Mar'] = 3, ['Apr'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['Jun'] = 6, ['Jul'] = 7, ['Aug'] = 8, ['Sep'] = 9, ['Oct'] = 10, ['Nov'] = 11, ['Dec'] = 12}, ['quarter'] = {['First Quarter'] = 33, ['Second Quarter'] = 34, ['Third Quarter'] = 35, ['Fourth Quarter'] = 36}, ['season'] = {['Winter'] = 24, ['Spring'] = 21, ['Summer'] = 22, ['Fall'] = 23, ['Autumn'] = 23}, ['named'] = {['Easter'] = 98, ['Christmas'] = 99}, }, ['inv_local_long'] = {}, -- used in date reformatting & translation; copy of date_names['local'].long where k/v are inverted: [1]='<local name>' etc. ['inv_local_short'] = {}, -- used in date reformatting & translation; copy of date_names['local'].short where k/v are inverted: [1]='<local name>' etc. ['inv_local_quarter'] = {}, -- used in date translation; copy of date_names['local'].quarter where k/v are inverted: [1]='<local name>' etc. ['inv_local_season'] = {}, -- used in date translation; copy of date_names['local'].season where k/v are inverted: [1]='<local name>' etc. ['inv_local_named'] = {}, -- used in date translation; copy of date_names['local'].named where k/v are inverted: [1]='<local name>' etc. ['local_digits'] = {['0'] = '0', ['1'] = '1', ['2'] = '2', ['3'] = '3', ['4'] = '4', ['5'] = '5', ['6'] = '6', ['7'] = '7', ['8'] = '8', ['9'] = '9'}, -- used to convert local language digits to Western 0-9 ['xlate_digits'] = {}, } if local_date_names_from_mediawiki then -- if fetching local month names from MediaWiki is enabled local long_t = {}; local short_t = {}; for i=1, 12 do -- loop 12x and local name = lang_obj:formatDate('F', '2022-' .. i .. '-1'); -- get long month name for each i long_t[name] = i; -- save it name = lang_obj:formatDate('M', '2022-' .. i .. '-1'); -- get short month name for each i short_t[name] = i; -- save it end date_names['local']['long'] = long_t; -- write the long table – overwrites manual translation date_names['local']['short'] = short_t; -- write the short table – overwrites manual translation end -- create inverted date-name tables for reformatting and/or translation for _, invert_t in pairs {{'long', 'inv_local_long'}, {'short', 'inv_local_short'}, {'quarter', 'inv_local_quarter'}, {'season', 'inv_local_season'}, {'named', 'inv_local_named'}} do for name, i in pairs (date_names['local'][invert_t[1]]) do -- this table is ['name'] = i date_names[invert_t[2]][i] = name; -- invert to get [i] = 'name' for conversions from ymd end end if local_digits_from_mediawiki then -- if fetching local digits from MediaWiki is enabled local digits_t = {}; for i=0, 9 do -- loop 10x and digits_t [lang_obj:formatNum (i)] = tostring (i); -- format the loop indexer as local lang table index and assign loop indexer (a string) as the value end date_names['local_digits'] = digits_t; end for ld, ed in pairs (date_names.local_digits) do -- make a digit translation table for simple date translation from en to local language using local_digits table date_names.xlate_digits [ed] = ld; -- en digit becomes index with local digit as the value end local df_template_patterns = { -- table of redirects to {{Use dmy dates}} and {{Use mdy dates}} '{{ *[Uu]se +(dmy) +dates *[|}]', -- 1159k -- sorted by approximate transclusion count '{{ *[Uu]se +(mdy) +dates *[|}]', -- 212k '{{ *[Uu]se +(MDY) +dates *[|}]', -- 788 '{{ *[Uu]se +(DMY) +dates *[|}]', -- 343 '{{ *([Mm]dy) *[|}]', -- 176 '{{ *[Uu]se *(dmy) *[|}]', -- 156 + 18 '{{ *[Uu]se *(mdy) *[|}]', -- 149 + 11 '{{ *([Dd]my) *[|}]', -- 56 '{{ *[Uu]se +(MDY) *[|}]', -- 5 '{{ *([Dd]MY) *[|}]', -- 3 '{{ *[Uu]se(mdy)dates *[|}]', -- 1 '{{ *[Uu]se +(DMY) *[|}]', -- 0 '{{ *([Mm]DY) *[|}]', -- 0 } local title_object = mw.title.getCurrentTitle(); local content; -- done this way so that unused templates appear in unused-template-reports; self-transcluded makes them look like they are used if 10 ~= title_object.namespace then -- all namespaces except Template content = title_object:getContent() or ''; -- get the content of the article or ''; new pages edited w/ve do not have 'content' until saved; ve does not preview; phab:T221625 end local function get_date_format () if not content then -- nil content when we're in template return nil; -- auto-formatting does not work in Template space so don't set global_df end for _, pattern in ipairs (df_template_patterns) do -- loop through the patterns looking for {{Use dmy dates}} or {{Use mdy dates}} or any of their redirects local start, _, match = content:find(pattern); -- match is the three letters indicating desired date format if match then local use_dates_template = content:match ('%b{}', start); -- get the whole template if use_dates_template:match ('| *cs1%-dates *= *[lsy][sy]?') then -- look for |cs1-dates=publication date length access-/archive-date length return match:lower() .. '-' .. use_dates_template:match ('| *cs1%-dates *= *([lsy][sy]?)'); else return match:lower() .. '-all'; -- no |cs1-dates= k/v pair; return value appropriate for use in |df= end end end end --[[-----------------< V O L U M E , I S S U E , P A G E S >------------------ These tables hold cite class values (from the template invocation) and identify those templates that support |volume=, |issue=, and |page(s)= parameters. Cite conference and cite map require further qualification which is handled in the main module. ]] local templates_using_volume = {'citation', 'audio-visual', 'book', 'conference', 'encyclopaedia', 'interview', 'journal', 'magazine', 'map', 'news', 'report', 'techreport', 'thesis'} local templates_using_issue = {'citation', 'conference', 'episode', 'interview', 'journal', 'magazine', 'map', 'news', 'podcast'} local templates_not_using_page = {'audio-visual', 'episode', 'mailinglist', 'newsgroup', 'podcast', 'serial', 'sign', 'speech'} --[[ These tables control when it is appropriate for {{citation}} to render |volume= and/or |issue=. The parameter names in the tables constrain {{citation}} so that its renderings match the renderings of the equivalent cs1 templates. For example, {{cite web}} does not support |volume= so the equivalent {{citation |website=...}} must not support |volume=. ]] local citation_no_volume_t = { -- {{citation}} does not render |volume= when these parameters are used 'website', 'mailinglist', 'script-website', } local citation_issue_t = { -- {{citation}} may render |issue= when these parameters are used 'journal', 'magazine', 'newspaper', 'periodical', 'work', 'script-journal', 'script-magazine', 'script-newspaper', 'script-periodical', 'script-work', } --[[ Patterns for finding extra text in |volume=, |issue=, |page=, |pages= ]] local vol_iss_pg_patterns = { good_ppattern = '^P[^%.PpGg]', -- OK to begin with uppercase P: P7 (page 7 of section P), but not p123 (page 123); TODO: this allows 'Pages' which it should not bad_ppatterns = { -- patterns for |page= and |pages= '^[Pp][PpGg]?%.?[ %d]', '^[Pp][Pp]?%.&nbsp;', -- from {{p.}} and {{pp.}} templates '^[Pp]ages?', '^[Pp]gs.?', }, vi_patterns_t = { -- combined to catch volume-like text in |issue= and issue-like text in |volume= '^volumes?', -- volume-like text '^vols?[%.:=]?', '^issues?', --issue-like text '^iss[%.:=]?', '^numbers?', '^nos?%A', -- don't match 'november' or 'nostradamus' '^nr[%.:=]?', '^n[%.:= ]', -- might be a valid issue without separator (space char is sep char here) '^n°', -- 'n' with degree sign (U+00B0) '^№', -- precomposed unicode numero character (U+2116) }, } --[[--------------------------< K E Y W O R D S >------------------------------- These tables hold keywords for those parameters that have defined sets of acceptable keywords. ]] --[[-------------------< K E Y W O R D S T A B L E >-------------------------- this is a list of keywords; each key in the list is associated with a table of synonymous keywords possibly from different languages. for I18N: add local-language keywords to value table; do not change the key. For example, adding the German keyword 'ja': ['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y', 'ja'}, Because CS1|2 templates from en.wiki articles are often copied to other local wikis, it is recommended that the English keywords remain in these tables. ]] local keywords = { ['amp'] = {'&', 'amp', 'ampersand'}, -- |name-list-style= ['and'] = {'and', 'serial'}, -- |name-list-style= ['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y'}, -- |no-tracking=, |no-pp= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['afterword'] = {'afterword'}, -- |contribution= ['bot: unknown'] = {'bot: unknown'}, -- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['cs1'] = {'cs1'}, -- |mode= ['cs2'] = {'cs2'}, -- |mode= ['dead'] = {'dead', 'deviated'}, -- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['dmy'] = {'dmy'}, -- |df= ['dmy-all'] = {'dmy-all'}, -- |df= etal = {'etal'}, -- |display-authors=, etc ['foreword'] = {'foreword'}, -- |contribution= ['free'] = {'free'}, -- |<id>-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['harv'] = {'harv'}, -- |ref=; this no longer supported; is_valid_parameter_value() called with <invert> = true ['introduction'] = {'introduction'}, -- |contribution= ['limited'] = {'limited'}, -- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['live'] = {'live'}, -- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['mdy'] = {'mdy'}, -- |df= ['mdy-all'] = {'mdy-all'}, -- |df= ['none'] = {'none'}, -- |postscript=, |ref=, |title=, |type= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['off'] = {'off'}, -- |title= (potentially also: |title-link=, |postscript=, |ref=, |type=) ['preface'] = {'preface'}, -- |contribution= ['registration'] = {'registration'}, -- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['subscription'] = {'subscription'}, -- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['unfit'] = {'unfit'}, -- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['usurped'] = {'usurped'}, -- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot ['vanc'] = {'vanc'}, -- |name-list-style= ['ymd'] = {'ymd'}, -- |df= ['ymd-all'] = {'ymd-all'}, -- |df= -- ['yMd'] = {'yMd'}, -- |df=; not supported at en.wiki -- ['yMd-all'] = {'yMd-all'}, -- |df=; not supported at en.wiki } --[[------------------------< X L A T E _ K E Y W O R D S >--------------------- this function builds a list, keywords_xlate{}, of the keywords found in keywords{} where the values from keywords{} become the keys in keywords_xlate{} and the keys from keywords{} become the values in keywords_xlate{}: ['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y'}, -- in keywords{} becomes ['yes'] = 'affirmative', -- in keywords_xlate{} ['true'] = 'affirmative', ['y'] = 'affirmative', the purpose of this function is to act as a translator between a non-English keyword and its English equivalent that may be used in other modules of this suite ]] local function xlate_keywords () local out_table = {}; -- output goes here for k, keywords_t in pairs (keywords) do -- spin through the keywords table for _, keyword in ipairs (keywords_t) do -- for each keyword out_table[keyword] = k; -- create an entry in the output table where keyword is the key end end return out_table; end local keywords_xlate = xlate_keywords (); -- the list of translated keywords --[[----------------< M A K E _ K E Y W O R D S _ L I S T >--------------------- this function assembles, for parameter-value validation, the list of keywords appropriate to that parameter. keywords_lists{}, is a table of tables from keywords{} ]] local function make_keywords_list (keywords_lists) local out_table = {}; -- output goes here for _, keyword_list in ipairs (keywords_lists) do -- spin through keywords_lists{} and get a table of keywords for _, keyword in ipairs (keyword_list) do -- spin through keyword_list{} and add each keyword, ... table.insert (out_table, keyword); -- ... as plain text, to the output list end end return out_table; end --[[----------------< K E Y W O R D S _ L I S T S >----------------------------- this is a list of lists of valid keywords for the various parameters in [key]. Generally the keys in this table are the canonical en.wiki parameter names though some are contrived because of use in multiple differently named parameters: ['yes_true_y'], ['id-access']. The function make_keywords_list() extracts the individual keywords from the appropriate list in keywords{}. The lists in this table are used to validate the keyword assignment for the parameters named in this table's keys. ]] local keywords_lists = { ['yes_true_y'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.affirmative}), ['contribution'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.afterword, keywords.foreword, keywords.introduction, keywords.preface}), ['df'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dmy, keywords['dmy-all'], keywords.mdy, keywords['mdy-all'], keywords.ymd, keywords['ymd-all']}), -- ['df'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dmy, keywords['dmy-all'], keywords.mdy, keywords['mdy-all'], keywords.ymd, keywords['ymd-all'], keywords.yMd, keywords['yMd-all']}), -- not supported at en.wiki ['mode'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.cs1, keywords.cs2}), ['name-list-style'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.amp, keywords['and'], keywords.vanc}), ['ref'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.harv}), -- inverted check; |ref=harv no longer supported ['url-access'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.subscription, keywords.limited, keywords.registration}), ['url-status'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dead, keywords.live, keywords.unfit, keywords.usurped, keywords['bot: unknown']}), ['id-access'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.free}), } --[[--------------------------< C S 1 _ C O N F I G _ G E T >-------------------------------------------------- fetch and validate values from {{cs1 config}} template to fill <global_cs1_config_t> no error messages; when errors are detected, the parameter value from {{cs1 config}} is blanked. Supports all parameters and aliases associated with the metaparameters: DisplayAuthors, DisplayContributors, DisplayEditors, DisplayInterviewers, DisplayTranslators, NameListStyle, and Mode. The DisplayWhatever metaparameters accept numeric values only (|display-authors=etal and the like is not supported). ]] local global_cs1_config_t = {}; -- TODO: add value returned from get_date_format() to this table? local function get_cs1_config () if not content then -- nil content when we're in template return nil; -- auto-formatting does not work in Template space so don't set global_df end local start = content:find('{{ *[Cc][Ss]1 config *[|}]'); -- <start> is offset into <content> when {{cs1 config}} found; nil else if start then local cs1_config_template = content:match ('%b{}', start); -- get the whole template if not cs1_config_template then return nil; end local params_t = mw.text.split (cs1_config_template:gsub ('^{{%s*', ''):gsub ('%s*}}$', ''), '%s*|%s*'); -- remove '{{' and '}}'; make a sequence of parameter/value pairs (split on the pipe) table.remove (params_t, 1); -- remove the template name because it isn't a parameter/value pair local config_meta_params_t = {'DisplayAuthors', 'DisplayContributors', 'DisplayEditors', 'DisplayInterviewers', 'DisplayTranslators', 'NameListStyle', 'Mode'}; local meta_param_map_t = {}; -- list of accepted parameter names usable in {{cs1 config}} goes here for _, meta_param in ipairs (config_meta_params_t) do -- for i18n using <config_meta_params_t>, map template parameter names to their metaparameter equivalents if 'table' == type (aliases[meta_param]) then -- if <meta_param> is a sequence, for _, param in ipairs (aliases[meta_param]) do -- extract its contents meta_param_map_t[param] = meta_param; -- and add to <meta_param_map_t> end else meta_param_map_t[aliases[meta_param]] = meta_param; -- not a sequence so just add the parameter to <meta_param_map_t> end end local keywords_t = {}; -- map valid keywords to their associate metaparameter; reverse form of <keyword_lists[key] for these metaparameters for _, metaparam_t in ipairs ({{'NameListStyle', 'name-list-style'}, {'Mode', 'mode'}}) do -- only these metaparameter / keywords_lists key pairs for _, keyword in ipairs (keywords_lists[metaparam_t[2]]) do -- spin through the list of keywords keywords_t[keyword] = metaparam_t[1]; -- add [keyword] = metaparameter to the map end end for _, param in ipairs (params_t) do -- spin through the {{cs1 config}} parameters and fill <global_cs1_config_t> local k, v = param:match ('([^=]-)%s*=%s*(.+)'); -- <k> is the parameter name; <v> is parameter's assigned value if k then if k:find ('^display') then -- if <k> is one of the |display-<namelist>= parameters if v:match ('%d+') then -- the assigned value must be digits; doesn't accept 'etal' global_cs1_config_t[meta_param_map_t[k]]=v; -- add the display param and its value to globals table end else if keywords_t[v] == meta_param_map_t[k] then -- keywords_t[v] returns nil or the metaparam name; these must be the same global_cs1_config_t[meta_param_map_t[k]]=v; -- add the parameter and its value to globals table end end end end end end get_cs1_config (); -- fill <global_cs1_config_t> --[[---------------------< S T R I P M A R K E R S >---------------------------- Common pattern definition location for stripmarkers so that we don't have to go hunting for them if (when) MediaWiki changes their form. ]] local stripmarkers = { ['any'] = '\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-(%a+)%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127', -- capture returns name of stripmarker ['math'] = '\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-math%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127' -- math stripmarkers used in coins_cleanup() and coins_replace_math_stripmarker() } --[[------------< I N V I S I B L E _ C H A R A C T E R S >--------------------- This table holds non-printing or invisible characters indexed either by name or by Unicode group. Values are decimal representations of UTF-8 codes. The table is organized as a table of tables because the Lua pairs keyword returns table data in an arbitrary order. Here, we want to process the table from top to bottom because the entries at the top of the table are also found in the ranges specified by the entries at the bottom of the table. Also here is a pattern that recognizes stripmarkers that begin and end with the delete characters. The nowiki stripmarker is not an error but some others are because the parameter values that include them become part of the template's metadata before stripmarker replacement. ]] local invisible_defs = { del = '\127', -- used to distinguish between stripmarker and del char zwj = '\226\128\141', -- used with capture because zwj may be allowed } local invisible_chars = { {'replacement', '\239\191\189'}, -- U+FFFD, EF BF BD {'zero width joiner', '('.. invisible_defs.zwj .. ')'}, -- U+200D, E2 80 8D; capture because zwj may be allowed {'zero width space', '\226\128\139'}, -- U+200B, E2 80 8B {'hair space', '\226\128\138'}, -- U+200A, E2 80 8A {'soft hyphen', '\194\173'}, -- U+00AD, C2 AD {'horizontal tab', '\009'}, -- U+0009 (HT), 09 {'line feed', '\010'}, -- U+000A (LF), 0A {'no-break space', '\194\160'}, -- U+00A0 (NBSP), C2 A0 {'carriage return', '\013'}, -- U+000D (CR), 0D {'stripmarker', stripmarkers.any}, -- stripmarker; may or may not be an error; capture returns the stripmaker type {'delete', '('.. invisible_defs.del .. ')'}, -- U+007F (DEL), 7F; must be done after stripmarker test; capture to distinguish isolated del chars not part of stripmarker {'C0 control', '[\000-\008\011\012\014-\031]'}, -- U+0000–U+001F (NULL–US), 00–1F (except HT, LF, CR (09, 0A, 0D)) {'C1 control', '[\194\128-\194\159]'}, -- U+0080–U+009F (XXX–APC), C2 80 – C2 9F -- {'Specials', '[\239\191\185-\239\191\191]'}, -- U+FFF9-U+FFFF, EF BF B9 – EF BF BF -- {'Private use area', '[\238\128\128-\239\163\191]'}, -- U+E000–U+F8FF, EE 80 80 – EF A3 BF -- {'Supplementary Private Use Area-A', '[\243\176\128\128-\243\191\191\189]'}, -- U+F0000–U+FFFFD, F3 B0 80 80 – F3 BF BF BD -- {'Supplementary Private Use Area-B', '[\244\128\128\128-\244\143\191\189]'}, -- U+100000–U+10FFFD, F4 80 80 80 – F4 8F BF BD } --[[ Indic script makes use of zero width joiner as a character modifier so zwj characters must be left in. This pattern covers all of the unicode characters for these languages: Devanagari 0900–097F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0900.pdf Devanagari extended A8E0–A8FF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA8E0.pdf Bengali 0980–09FF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0980.pdf Gurmukhi 0A00–0A7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A00.pdf Gujarati 0A80–0AFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A80.pdf Oriya 0B00–0B7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B00.pdf Tamil 0B80–0BFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B80.pdf Telugu 0C00–0C7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C00.pdf Kannada 0C80–0CFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C80.pdf Malayalam 0D00–0D7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D00.pdf plus the not-necessarily Indic scripts for Sinhala and Burmese: Sinhala 0D80-0DFF - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D80.pdf Myanmar 1000-109F - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1000.pdf Myanmar extended A AA60-AA7F - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UAA60.pdf Myanmar extended B A9E0-A9FF - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA9E0.pdf the pattern is used by has_invisible_chars() and coins_cleanup() ]] local indic_script = '[\224\164\128-\224\181\191\224\163\160-\224\183\191\225\128\128-\225\130\159\234\167\160-\234\167\191\234\169\160-\234\169\191]'; -- list of emoji that use a zwj character (U+200D) to combine with another emoji -- from: https://unicode.org/Public/emoji/17.0/emoji-zwj-sequences.txt; version: 17.0; 2025-01-08 -- table created by: [[:en:Module:Make emoji zwj table]] local emoji_t = { -- indexes are decimal forms of the hex values in U+xxxx [8596] = true, -- U+2194 ↔ left right arrow [8597] = true, -- U+2195 ↕ up down arrow [9760] = true, -- U+2620 ☠ skull and crossbones [9792] = true, -- U+2640 ♀ female sign [9794] = true, -- U+2642 ♂ male sign [9877] = true, -- U+2695 ⚕ staff of aesculapius [9878] = true, -- U+2696 ⚖ scales [9895] = true, -- U+26A7 ⚧ male with stroke and male and female sign [9992] = true, -- U+2708 ✈ airplane [10052] = true, -- U+2744 ❄ snowflake [10084] = true, -- U+2764 ❤ heavy black heart [10145] = true, -- U+27A1 ➡ black rightwards arrow [11035] = true, -- U+2B1B ⬛ black large square [127752] = true, -- U+1F308 🌈 rainbow [127787] = true, -- U+1F32B 🌫 fog [127806] = true, -- U+1F33E 🌾 ear of rice [127859] = true, -- U+1F373 🍳 cooking [127868] = true, -- U+1F37C 🍼 baby bottle [127876] = true, -- U+1F384 🎄 christmas tree [127891] = true, -- U+1F393 🎓 graduation cap [127908] = true, -- U+1F3A4 🎤 microphone [127912] = true, -- U+1F3A8 🎨 artist palette [127979] = true, -- U+1F3EB 🏫 school [127981] = true, -- U+1F3ED 🏭 factory [128048] = true, -- U+1F430 🐰 rabbit face [128102] = true, -- U+1F466 👦 boy [128103] = true, -- U+1F467 👧 girl [128104] = true, -- U+1F468 👨 man [128105] = true, -- U+1F469 👩 woman [128139] = true, -- U+1F48B 💋 kiss mark [128165] = true, -- U+1F4A5 💥 collision symbol [128168] = true, -- U+1F4A8 💨 dash symbol [128171] = true, -- U+1F4AB 💫 dizzy symbol [128187] = true, -- U+1F4BB 💻 personal computer [128188] = true, -- U+1F4BC 💼 brief case [128293] = true, -- U+1F525 🔥 fire [128295] = true, -- U+1F527 🔧 wrench [128300] = true, -- U+1F52C 🔬 microscope [128488] = true, -- U+1F5E8 🗨 left speech bubble [128640] = true, -- U+1F680 🚀 rocket [128658] = true, -- U+1F692 🚒 fire engine [129001] = true, -- U+1F7E9 🟩 large green square [129003] = true, -- U+1F7EB 🟫 large brown square [129309] = true, -- U+1F91D 🤝 handshake [129455] = true, -- U+1F9AF 🦯 probing cane [129456] = true, -- U+1F9B0 🦰 emoji component red hair [129457] = true, -- U+1F9B1 🦱 emoji component curly hair [129458] = true, -- U+1F9B2 🦲 emoji component bald [129459] = true, -- U+1F9B3 🦳 emoji component white hair [129466] = true, -- U+1F9BA 🦺 safety vest [129468] = true, -- U+1F9BC 🦼 motorized wheelchair [129469] = true, -- U+1F9BD 🦽 manual wheelchair [129489] = true, -- U+1F9D1 🧑 adult [129490] = true, -- U+1F9D2 🧒 child [129648] = true, -- U+1FA70 🩰 ballet shoes [129657] = true, -- U+1FA79 🩹 adhesive bandage [129775] = true, -- U+1FAEF 🫯 fight cloud [129778] = true, -- U+1FAF2 🫲 leftwards hand } --[[----------------------< L A N G U A G E S U P P O R T >------------------- These tables and constants support various language-specific functionality. ]] --local this_wiki_code = mw.getContentLanguage():getCode(); -- get this wiki's language code local this_wiki_code = lang_obj:getCode(); -- get this wiki's language code if string.match (mw.site.server, 'wikidata') then this_wiki_code = mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('int', {'lang'}); -- on Wikidata so use interface language setting instead end local mw_languages_by_tag_t = mw.language.fetchLanguageNames (this_wiki_code, 'all'); -- get a table of language tag/name pairs known to Wikimedia; used for interwiki tests local mw_languages_by_name_t = {}; for k, v in pairs (mw_languages_by_tag_t) do -- build a 'reversed' table name/tag language pairs know to MediaWiki; used for |language= v = mw.ustring.lower (v); -- lowercase for tag fetch; get name's proper case from mw_languages_by_tag_t[<tag>] if mw_languages_by_name_t[v] then -- when name already in the table if 2 == #k or 3 == #k then -- if tag does not have subtags mw_languages_by_name_t[v] = k; -- prefer the shortest tag for this name end else -- here when name not in the table mw_languages_by_name_t[v] = k; -- so add name and matching tag end end local inter_wiki_map = {}; -- map of interwiki prefixes that are language-code prefixes for k, v in pairs (mw.site.interwikiMap ('local')) do -- spin through the base interwiki map (limited to local) if mw_languages_by_tag_t[v["prefix"]] then -- if the prefix matches a known language tag inter_wiki_map[v["prefix"]] = true; -- add it to our local map end end --[[--------------------< S C R I P T _ L A N G _ C O D E S >------------------- This table is used to hold ISO 639-1 two-character and ISO 639-3 three-character language codes that apply only to |script-title= and |script-chapter= ]] local script_lang_codes = { 'ab', 'am', 'ar', 'as', 'az', 'be', 'bg', 'bn', 'bo', 'bs', 'ce', 'chr', 'cu', 'dv', 'dz', 'el', 'fa', 'grc', 'gu', 'he', 'hi', 'hy', 'ja', 'ka', 'kaa', 'kk', 'km', 'kn', 'ko', 'ku', 'ky', 'lo', 'mk', 'ml', 'mn', 'mni', 'mr', 'my', 'ne', 'or', 'ota', 'pa', 'ps', 'ru', 'sd', 'si', 'sr', 'syc', 'ta', 'te', 'tg', 'th', 'ti', 'tkr', 'tt', 'ug', 'uk', 'ur', 'uz', 'yi', 'yue', 'zh', 'zgh' }; --[[---------------< L A N G U A G E R E M A P P I N G >---------------------- These tables hold language information that is different (correct) from MediaWiki's definitions For each ['<tag>'] = 'language name' in lang_code_remap{} there must be a matching ['language name'] = {'language name', '<tag>'} in lang_name_remap{} lang_tag_remap{}: key is always lowercase ISO 639-1, -2, -3 language tag or a valid lowercase IETF language tag value is properly spelled and capitalized language name associated with <tag> only one language name per <tag>; key/value pair must have matching entry in lang_name_remap{} lang_name_remap{}: key is always lowercase language name value is a table the holds correctly spelled and capitalized language name [1] and associated tag [2] (tag must match a tag key in lang_tag_remap{}) may have multiple keys referring to a common preferred name and tag; For example: ['kolsch'] and ['kölsch'] both refer to 'Kölsch' and 'ksh' ]] local lang_tag_remap = { -- used for |language= and |script-title= / |script-chapter= ['als'] = 'Tosk Albanian', -- MediaWiki returns Alemannisch ['bh'] = 'Bihari', -- MediaWiki uses 'bh' as a subdomain name for Bhojpuri Wikipedia: bh.wikipedia.org ['bla'] = 'Blackfoot', -- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Siksika; use en.wiki preferred name ['bn'] = 'Bengali', -- MediaWiki returns Bangla ['ca-valencia'] = 'Valencian', -- IETF variant of Catalan ['fkv'] = 'Kven', -- MediaWiki returns Kvensk ['gsw'] = 'Swiss German', ['ilo'] = 'Ilocano', -- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Iloko; use en.wiki preferred name ['ksh'] = 'Kölsch', -- MediaWiki: Colognian; use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name ['ksh-x-colog'] = 'Colognian', -- override MediaWiki ksh; no IANA/ISO 639 code for Colognian; IETF private code created at Module:Lang/data ['mis-x-ripuar'] = 'Ripuarian', -- override MediaWiki ksh; no IANA/ISO 639 code for Ripuarian; IETF private code created at Module:Lang/data ['nan-tw'] = 'Taiwanese Hokkien', -- make room for MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639 nan: Min Nan Chinese and support en.wiki preferred name ['sr-ec'] = 'Serbian (Cyrillic script)', -- MediaWiki returns српски (ћирилица) ['sr-el'] = 'Serbian (Latin script)', -- MediaWiki returns srpski (latinica) } local lang_name_remap = { -- used for |language=; names require proper capitalization; tags must be lowercase ['alemannic'] = {'Swiss German', 'gsw'}, -- ISO 639-2, -3 alternate for Swiss German; MediaWiki mediawiki returns Alemannic for gsw; en.wiki preferred name ['alemannisch'] = {'Swiss German', 'gsw'}, -- not an ISO or IANA language name; MediaWiki uses 'als' as a subdomain name for Alemannic Wikipedia: als.wikipedia.org ['bangla'] = {'Bengali', 'bn'}, -- MediaWiki returns Bangla (the endonym) but we want Bengali (the exonym); here we remap ['bengali'] = {'Bengali', 'bn'}, -- MediaWiki doesn't use exonym so here we provide correct language name and 639-1 code ['bhojpuri'] = {'Bhojpuri', 'bho'}, -- MediaWiki uses 'bh' as a subdomain name for Bhojpuri Wikipedia: bh.wikipedia.org ['bihari'] = {'Bihari', 'bh'}, -- MediaWiki replaces 'Bihari' with 'Bhojpuri' so 'Bihari' cannot be found ['blackfoot'] = {'Blackfoot', 'bla'}, -- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Siksika; use en.wiki preferred name ['colognian'] = {'Colognian', 'ksh-x-colog'}, -- MediaWiki preferred name for ksh ['ilocano'] = {'Ilocano', 'ilo'}, -- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Iloko; use en.wiki preferred name ['kolsch'] = {'Kölsch', 'ksh'}, -- use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name (use non-diacritical o instead of umlaut ö) ['kölsch'] = {'Kölsch', 'ksh'}, -- use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name ['kven'] = {'Kven', 'fkv'}, -- Unicode CLDR have decided not to support English language name for these two... ['kvensk'] = {'Kven', 'fkv'}, -- ...they say to refer to IANA registry for English names ['ripuarian'] = {'Ripuarian', 'mis-x-ripuar'}, -- group of dialects; no code in MediaWiki or in IANA/ISO 639 ['serbian (cyrillic script)'] = {'Serbian (Cyrillic script)', 'sr-cyrl'}, -- special case to get correct tag when |language=sr-ec ['serbian (latin script)'] = {'Serbian (Latin script)', 'sr-latn'}, -- special case to get correct tag when |language=sr-el ['swiss german'] = {'Swiss German', 'gsw'}, ['taiwanese hokkien'] = {'Taiwanese Hokkien', 'nan-tw'}, -- make room for MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639 nan: Min Nan Chinese ['tosk albanian'] = {'Tosk Albanian', 'als'}, -- MediaWiki replaces 'Tosk Albanian' with 'Alemannisch' so 'Tosk Albanian' cannot be found ['valencian'] = {'Valencian', 'ca-valencia'}, -- variant of Catalan; categorizes as Valencian } --[[---------------< P R O P E R T I E S _ C A T E G O R I E S >---------------- Properties categories. These are used for investigating qualities of citations. ]] local prop_cats = { ['foreign-lang-source'] = 'CS1 $1-language sources ($2)', -- |language= categories; $1 is foreign-language name, $2 is ISO639-1 code ['foreign-lang-source-2'] = 'CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)|$1', -- |language= category; a cat for ISO639-2 languages; $1 is the ISO 639-2 code used as a sort key ['interproj-linked-name'] = 'CS1 interproject-linked names|$1', -- any author, editor, etc that has an interproject link; $1 is interproject tag used as a sort key ['interwiki-linked-name'] = 'CS1 interwiki-linked names|$1', -- any author, editor, etc that has an interwiki link; $1 is interwiki tag used as a sort key; yeilds to interproject ['local-lang-source'] = 'CS1 $1-language sources ($2)', -- |language= categories; $1 is local-language name, $2 is ISO639-1 code; not emitted when local_lang_cat_enable is false ['location-test'] = 'CS1 location test', ['long-vol'] = 'CS1: long volume value', -- probably temporary cat to identify scope of |volume= values longer than 4 characters ['script'] = 'CS1 uses $1-language script ($2)', -- |script-title=xx: has matching category; $1 is language name, $2 is language tag ['tracked-param'] = 'CS1 tracked parameter: $1', -- $1 is base (enumerators removed) parameter name ['unfit'] = 'CS1: unfit URL', -- |url-status=unfit or |url-status=usurped; used to be a maint cat ['vanc-accept'] = 'CS1:Vancouver names with accept markup', -- for |vauthors=/|veditors= with accept-as-written markup ['year-range-abbreviated'] = 'CS1: abbreviated year range', -- probably temporary cat to identify scope of |date=, |year= values using YYYY–YY form } --[[-------------------< T I T L E _ T Y P E S >-------------------------------- Here we map a template's CitationClass to TitleType (default values for |type= parameter) ]] local title_types = { ['AV-media-notes'] = 'Media notes', ['document'] = 'Document', ['interview'] = 'Interview', ['mailinglist'] = 'Mailing list', ['map'] = 'Map', ['podcast'] = 'Podcast', ['pressrelease'] = 'Press release', ['report'] = 'Report', ['speech'] = 'Speech', ['techreport'] = 'Technical report', ['thesis'] = 'Thesis', } --[[--------------------------< B U I L D _ K N O W N _ F R E E _ D O I _ R E G I S T R A N T S _ T A B L E >-- build a table of doi registrants known to be free-to-read In a doi, the registrant ID is the series of digits between the '10.' and the first '/': in doi 10.1100/sommat, 1100 is the registrant ID see §3.2.2 DOI prefix of the Doi Handbook p. 43 https://www.doi.org/doi-handbook/DOI_Handbook_Final.pdf#page=43 ]] local function build_free_doi_registrants_table() local registrants_t = {}; for _, v in ipairs ({ '1045', '1074', '1096', '1100', '1155', '1186', '1194', '1371', '1613', '1629', '1989', '1999', '2147', '2196', '3114', '3285', '3389', '3390', '3767', '3906', '3748', '3814', '3847', '3897', '4061', '4089', '4103', '4172', '4175', '4230', '4236', '4239', '4240', '4249', '4251', '4252', '4253', '4254', '4291', '4292', '4312', '4329', '4330', '4331', '5074', '5086', '5194', '5210', '5306', '5312', '5313', '5314', '5315', '5316', '5317', '5318', '5319', '5320', '5321', '5334', '5402', '5409', '5410', '5411', '5412', '5492', '5493', '5494', '5495', '5496', '5497', '5498', '5499', '5500', '5501', '5527', '5528', '5662', '6064', '6219', '7167', '7217', '7287', '7482', '7490', '7554', '7717', '7759', '7766', '9778', '11131', '11569', '11647', '11648', '12688', '12703', '12715', '12942', '12998', '13105', '14256', '14293', '14303', '14502', '14720', '15215', '15227', '15292', '15458', '15347', '15412', '15560', '16995', '17573', '17645', '18553', '18637', '18757', '19080', '19173', '20419', '20944', '21037', '21105', '21468', '21767', '21425', '22261', '22323', '22459', '24105', '24196', '24404', '24413', '24966', '26529', '26614', '26775', '26873', '30845', '32545', '34291', '34641', '35711', '35712', '35713', '35995', '36648', '37126', '37532', '37871', '47128', '47622', '47959', '48438', '51741', '51746', '51935', '51936', '51937', '51938', '51939', '51940', '52165', '52437', '52975', '53288', '53347', '54081', '54947', '55295', '55667', '55741', '55914', '57009', '58647', '58782', '59081', '59490', '61375', '66183', '70587', }) do registrants_t[v] = true; -- build a k/v table of known free-to-read doi registrants end return registrants_t; end -- known free registrants identifiable by the doi suffix incipit local extended_registrants_t = { -- doi suffix incipits are evaluated as lua patterns ['1001'] = {'jamanetworkopen'}, -- JAMA Network Open ['1002'] = {'1878-0261', '2056-4538', '2211-5463', '2475-8876', '2688-8319', 'aaai%.', 'aac2%.', 'ache%.', 'acm2%.', 'acn3%.', 'acr2%.', 'admi%.', 'adpr%.', 'adrr%.', 'adsr%.', 'advs%.', 'ael2%.', 'aelm%.', 'aesr%.', 'aff2%.', 'agf2%.', 'agg2%.', 'agm2%.', 'ags3%.', 'agt2%.', 'aidi%.', 'ail2%.', 'aisy%.', 'aiv2%.', 'alz%.', 'ame2%.', 'ams2%.', 'anbr%.', 'ansa%.', 'apj%.', 'app5%.', 'aps3%.', 'apxr%.', 'aro2%.', 'ars2%.', 'asl2%.', 'atn2%.', 'bco2%.', 'bes2%.', 'bmm2%.', 'bod2%.', 'brb3%.', 'brh2%.', 'brx2%.', 'bsa3%.', 'bte2%.', 'btm2%.', 'cai2%.', 'cam4%.', 'cbh2%.', 'ccr3%.', 'ccs3%.', 'cdt3%.', 'celc%.', 'cep4%.', 'ces2%.', 'cesm%.', 'ceur%.', 'cey2%.', 'cfch%.', 'cfp2%.', 'cin4%.', 'clc%.', 'clem%.', 'cli2%.', 'clt2%.', 'cmt2%.', 'cmtd%.', 'cnl2%.', 'cnr2%.', 'cns%.', 'cns3%.', 'cnx2%.', 'cre2%.', 'csc3%.', 'cso2%.', 'ctd2%.', 'cti2%.', 'ctm2%.', 'dad2%.', 'deo2%.', 'dep2%.', 'dni2%.', 'dro2%.', 'dug2%.', 'dvr2%.', 'eas2%.', 'ece2%.', 'ece3%.', 'ecog%.', 'ecs2%.', 'edm2%.', 'edn3%.', 'eem2%.', 'eer3%.', 'efd2%.', 'ejsc%.', 'elsa%.', 'elt2%.', 'eng2%.', 'eom2%.', 'epi4%.', 'epr2%.', 'ese3%.', 'exp%.', 'fbe2%.', 'fci2%.', 'fer3%.', 'fes3%.', 'fft2%.', 'fhu2%.', 'fle2%.', 'flm2%.', 'fob2%.', 'fpf2%.', 'fsh3%.', 'fsn3%.', 'gcb4%.', 'gch2%.', 'gdj3%.', 'geo2%.', 'ggn2%.', 'gin2%.', 'glr2%.', 'gps3%.', 'gtm2%.', 'hbm%.', 'hcs2%.', 'hem3%.', 'hkj2%.', 'hsr2%.', 'ibra%.', 'idm2%.', 'ifm2%.', 'iid3%.', 'iju5%.', 'ila2%.', 'imed%.', 'imm3%.', 'imo2%.', 'imt2%.', 'inc2%.', 'inc3%.', 'inf2%.', 'inm3%.', 'inmd%.', 'ird3%.', 'ise3%.', 'jaa2%.', 'jav%.', 'jbt%.', 'jcc5%.', 'jcla%.', 'jcsm%.', 'jcv2%.', 'jeo2%.', 'jev2%.', 'jex2%.', 'jfa2%.', 'jgf2%.', 'jgh3%.', 'jha2%.', 'jia2%.', 'jmd2%.', 'jmrs%.', 'joa3%.', 'jpr3%.', 'jsf2%.', 'jsp2%.', 'jvc2%.', 'kjm2%.', 'kot2%.', 'lci2%.', 'ldr%.', 'leap%.', 'leg3%.', 'lim2%.', 'lio2%.', 'loe2%.', 'lol2%.', 'lrh2%.', 'mame%.', 'mba2%.', 'mbo3%.', 'mco2%.', 'mdb2%.', 'mdr2%.', 'med4%.', 'mef2%.', 'met%.', 'metm%.', 'mgea%.', 'mgg3%.', 'mhs2%.', 'mlf2%.', 'mmr3%.', 'moda%.', 'mog2%.', 'mpr%.', 'mps2%.', 'msd2%.', 'nam2%.', 'nano%.', 'nap2%.', 'neo2%.', 'nep3%.', 'njb%.', 'nop2%.', 'npp2%.', 'npr2%.', 'ntls%.', 'open%.', 'orm2%.', 'osp4%.', 'oto2%.', 'pan3%.', 'pchj%.', 'pcn5%.', 'pdi3%.', 'ped4%.', 'pei3%.', 'pfm2%.', 'pgr2%.', 'phmt%.', 'pld3%.', 'pls2%.', 'pmf2%.', 'pne2%.', 'pnp%.', 'poh2%.', 'ppj2%.', 'ppp3%.', 'prm2%.', 'pro6%.', 'prp2%.', 'psp4%.', 'puh2%.', 'pul2%.', 'qub2%.', 'rai2%.', 'rar2%.', 'rco2%.', 'rcr2%.', 'rfc2%.', 'rmb2%.', 'rpm2%.', 'rse2%.', 'rvr2%.', 'sae2%.', 'sen2%.', 'sfp2%.', 'smb2%.', 'smm2%.', 'smmd%.', 'smo2%.', 'smsc%.', 'sst2%.', 'sst3%.', 'sstr%.', 'sus2%.', 'tch2%.', 'tcr4%.', 'tpg2%.', 'trc2%.', 'tre%.', 'uar2%.', 'ueg2%.', 'uro2%.', 'viw2%.', 'vms3%.', 'vro2%.', 'vzj2%.', 'we%.', 'wjo2%.', 'wlb3%.', 'wll2%.', 'wsb%.'}, -- Elsevier journals https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&oldid=1364310578#Wikipedia:Bot_requests/Archive_88#Web_scrapping_v2 ['1016'] = {'j%.aace', 'j%.aed', 'j%.aiopen', 'j%.animal', 'j%.apsb', 'j%.addicn', -- AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes, AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes, AI Open, Animal, Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Addiction Neuroscience 'j%.abrep', 'j%.fob', 'j%.gpb', 'j%.heliyon', 'j%.mucimm%.', 'j%.nlp', 'j%.patter', 'j%.proche', -- Addictive Behaviors Reports, FEBS Open Bio, Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics after 2015, Heliyon, Mucosal Immunology, Natural Language Processing, Patterns, Procedia Chemistry 'j%.vgie', 'S1672-0229', 'S1933-0219'}, -- VideoGIE, Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics before 2015, Mucosal Immunology ['1017'] = {'apj%.', 'nlp', 'mdh', 'S15574660'}, -- Natural Language Processing Journal, Medical History, Asia Pacific Journal ['1021'] = {'acscentsci', 'acsomega'}, -- ACS Central Science, ACS Omega ['1029'] = {'2025cn', '2025csj', '2025ea', '2025gc', '2025gh', '2025ms', '2025sw', '2025wr', '2026ef', '2026gl', '2026jh', 'aga2.70129'}, -- Elsevier journals https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&oldid=1364310578#Wikipedia:Bot_requests/Archive_88#Web_scrapping_v2 ['1038'] = {'41541%.', '43246%.', 'asiamat%.', 'boneres%.', 'cddis%.', 'cddiscovery%.', 'celldisc%.', 'mi%.', 'nutd%.', 'oncsis%.', 's40494', 's41377', 's41392', 's41396', 's41398', 's41405', 's41407', 's41408', 's41439', 's41467', 's41514', 's41522', 's41523', 's41524', 's41525', 's41526', 's41528', 's41529', 's41531', 's41533', 's41534', 's41535', 's41536', 's41537', 's41538', 's41539', 's41540', 's41545', 's41598', 's41612', 's41698', 's41699', 's41746', 's42003', 's42004', 's42005', 's42949', 's43247', 's43705', 's43856', 's44168', 's44172', 's44182', 's44183', 's44184', 's44185', 's44259', 's44260', 's44264', 's44271', 's44276', 's44294', 's44296', 's44298', 's44303', 's44304', 's44306', 's44310', 's44323', 's44324', 's44325', 's44328', 's44333', 's44334', 's44335', 's44341', 's44355', 's44383', 's44384', 's44385', 's44386', 's44387', 's44400', 's44401', 's44406', 's44407', 's44431', 's44432', 's44433', 's44434', 's44435', 's44440', 's44453', 's44454', 's44455', 's44456', 's44458', 's44459', 's44482', 's44484', 's44485', 's44488', 's44513', 's44528', 'sdata%.'}, -- Nature journals (npj series, Communications series, and many others, see https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&diff=prev&oldid=1368822567 and https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&diff=next&oldid=1368822567) ['1046'] = {'j%.1365-8711', 'j%.1365-246x'}, -- MNRAS, GJI ['1049'] = {'aie2%.', 'blc2%.', 'bme2', 'bsb2%.', 'ccs2%.', 'cds2', 'cdt2', 'cim2%.', 'cit2%.', 'cmu2%.', 'cps2%.', 'csy2%.', 'cth2%.', 'cvi2%.', 'dgt2%.', 'ein2%.', 'ell2%.', 'elp2%.', 'els2', 'ema3%.', 'enb2%.', 'enc2%.', 'esi2%.', 'gtd2%.', 'htl2%.', 'hve2%.', 'ipr2%.', 'ise2', 'itr2%.', 'mia2%.', 'mna2%.', 'nbt2', 'nde2%.', 'ntw2%.', 'ote2%.', 'pel2%.', 'qtc2%.', 'rpg2%.', 'rsn2%.', 'ses2%.', 'sfw2', 'sil2', 'smc2%.', 'smt2%.', 'stg2%.', 'syb2%.', 'tje2%.', 'wss2%.'}, -- Elsevier journals https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&oldid=1364310578#Wikipedia:Bot_requests/Archive_88#Web_scrapping_v2 ['1051'] = {'parasite'}, -- Parasite ['1057'] = {'s41599'}, -- Humanities and Social Sciences Communications ['1093'] = {'mnras', 'mnrasl', 'gji', 'pnasnexus', 'rasti', 'ismeco', 'ismejo'}, -- MNRAS, MNRAS Letters, GJI, PNAS Nexus, RASTI, ISME Communications, ISME Journal ['1096'] = {'fba%.'}, -- FASEB BioAdvances ['1098'] = {'rsbm', 'rsob', 'rsos'}, -- Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, Open Biology, Royal Society Open Science ['1099'] = {'acmi', 'mic', '00221287', 'mgen'}, -- Access Microbiology, Microbiology, Journal of General Microbiology, Microbial Genomics ['1107'] = {'S20569890', 'S20522525', 'S16005775', 'S24143146'}, -- Acta Crystallographica E, IUCrJ, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, IUCrData ['1109'] = {'access', 'oa', 'oj'}, -- IEEE Access, IEEE Open Access..., IEEE Open Journal... ['1111'] = {'1365-2435', '1442-1984', '1751-7915', '1753-0407', '1755-0998', '1758-2229', '1759-7714', '2041-210x', 'j%.1365-2966', 'j%.1745-3933', 'j%.1365-246X','acel%.', 'adb%.', 'anec%.', 'aogs%.', 'bor%.', 'bpa%.', 'cas%.', 'con4%.', 'cpr%.', 'crj%.', 'csp2%.', 'cts%.', 'ddi%.', 'ejed%.', 'ene%.', 'eva%.', 'gbb%.', 'gcbb%.', 'hex%.', 'irv%.', 'iwj%.', 'jch%.', 'jcmm%.', 'jdi%.', 'jfr3%.', 'jocd%.', 'jwas%.', 'mcn%.', 'mpp%.', 'myc%.', 'nrm%.', 'os%.', 'pbi%.', 'srt%.'}, -- Elsevier journals https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:DreamRimmer&oldid=1364310578#Wikipedia:Bot_requests/Archive_88#Web_scrapping_v2 ['1112'] = {'tlm3%.'}, -- Transactions of the London Mathematical Society ['1113'] = {'ep'}, -- Experimental Physiology ['1128'] = {'asmcr', 'jmbe', 'mbio', 'mra', 'spectrum', 'msphere', 'msystems'}, --ASM Case Reports, Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, mBio, Microbiology Resource Announcements, Microbiology Spectrum, mSphere, mSystems ['1136'] = {'bmjopen'}, -- BMJ Open ['1140'] = {'epjconf'}, -- EPJ Web of Conferences ['1161'] = {'jaha%.'}, ['1176'] = {'appi%.prcp%.'}, ['1192'] = {'bjo'}, -- BJPsych Open ['1210'] = {'jendso','jcemcr'}, -- Journal of the Endocrine Society, JCEM Case Reports ['1215'] = {'21573689', '21573698'}, -- L&O Fluids ['1257'] = {'jep'}, -- Journal of Economic Perspectives ['1590'] = {'0102-3306'}, -- Acta Botanica Brasilica ['2903'] = {'j%.efsa%.'}, ['3322'] = {'caac%.'}, ['3982'] = {'qw', 'te'}, ['4171'] = {'dm','mag'}, -- Documenta Mathematica, EMS Magazine ['4319'] = {'lo%.', 'lol%.', 'lom%.'}, -- L&O, L&O e-Lectures, L&O Methods ['5852'] = {'ejt'}, -- European Journal of Taxonomy ['7155'] = {'jgaa'}, -- Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications ['7758'] = {'rsf'}, -- RSJ Journal ['11158'] = {'saasp'}, -- Systematic and Applied Acarology Special Publications ['11646'] = {'megataxa', 'mesozoic'}, -- Megataxa, Mesozoic ['14231'] = {'ag'}, -- Algebraic Geometry ['14814'] = {'phy2%.'}, ['15302'] = {'vr%.'}, ['15446'] = {'abc'}, -- Acta Biológica Colombiana ['17239'] = {'jowr'}, -- Journal of Writing Research ['22073'] = {'pja'}, -- Persian Journal of Acarology ['24310'] = {'abm'}, -- Acta Botanica Malacitana ['24425'] = {'agp'}, -- Acta Geologica Polonica ['35249'] = {'rche'}, -- Revista Chilena de Entomología ['37520'] = {'fi'}, -- Fossil Imprint ['53562'] = {'ajcb'} -- Asian Journal of Conservation Biology } --[[===================<< E R R O R M E S S A G I N G >>====================== ]] --[[----------< E R R O R M E S S A G E S U P P L E M E N T S >------------- I18N for those messages that are supplemented with additional specific text that describes the reason for the error TODO: merge this with special_case_translations{}? ]] local err_msg_supl = { ['char'] = 'invalid character', -- |isbn=, |sbn= ['check'] = 'checksum', -- |isbn=, |sbn= empty_str = '(empty string)', -- empty unknown parameter check when cite has |= ['flag'] = 'flag', -- |archive-url= ['form'] = 'invalid form', -- |isbn=, |sbn= ['group'] = 'invalid group id', -- |isbn= ['initials'] = 'initials', -- Vancouver ['invalid language code'] = 'invalid language code', -- |script-<param>= ['journal'] = 'journal', -- |bibcode= ['length'] = 'length', -- |isbn=, |bibcode=, |sbn= ['liveweb'] = 'liveweb', -- |archive-url= ['missing comma'] = 'missing comma', -- Vancouver ['missing prefix'] = 'missing prefix', -- |script-<param>= ['missing title part'] = 'missing title part', -- |script-<param>= ['name'] = 'name', -- Vancouver ['non-Latin char'] = 'non-Latin character', -- Vancouver ['path'] = 'path', -- |archive-url= ['prefix'] = 'invalid prefix', -- |isbn= ['punctuation'] = 'punctuation', -- Vancouver ['save'] = 'save command', -- |archive-url= ['suffix'] = 'suffix', -- Vancouver ['timestamp'] = 'timestamp', -- |archive-url= ['unknown language code'] = 'unknown language code', -- |script-<param>= ['value'] = 'value', -- |bibcode= ['year'] = 'year', -- |bibcode= } --[[--------------< E R R O R _ C O N D I T I O N S >--------------------------- Error condition table. This table has two sections: errors at the top, maintenance at the bottom. Maint 'messaging' does not have a 'message' (message=nil) The following contains a list of IDs for various error conditions defined in the code. For each ID, we specify a text message to display, an error category to include, and whether the error message should be wrapped as a hidden comment. Anchor changes require identical changes to matching anchor in Help:CS1 errors TODO: rename error_conditions{} to something more generic; create separate error and maint tables inside that? ]] local error_conditions = { err_accessdate_missing_url = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;access-date=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;url=</code>', anchor = 'accessdate_missing_url', category = 'CS1 errors: access-date without URL', hidden = false }, err_apostrophe_markup = { message = 'Italic or bold markup not allowed in: <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'apostrophe_markup', category = 'CS1 errors: markup', hidden = false }, err_archive_date_missing_url = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;archive-date=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;archive-url=</code>', anchor = 'archive_date_missing_url', category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url', hidden = false }, err_archive_date_url_ts_mismatch = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;archive-date=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">&#124;archive-url=</code> timestamp mismatch; $1 suggested', anchor = 'archive_date_url_ts_mismatch', category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url', hidden = false }, err_archive_missing_date = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;archive-url=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;archive-date=</code>', anchor = 'archive_missing_date', category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url', hidden = false }, err_archive_missing_url = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;archive-url=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;url=</code>', anchor = 'archive_missing_url', category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url', hidden = false }, err_archive_url = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;archive-url=</code> is malformed: $1', -- $1 is error message detail anchor = 'archive_url', category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url', hidden = false }, err_arxiv_missing = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;arxiv=</code> required', anchor = 'arxiv_missing', category = 'CS1 errors: arXiv', -- same as bad arxiv hidden = false }, err_asintld_missing_asin = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;asin=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'asintld_missing_asin', category = 'CS1 errors: ASIN TLD', hidden = false }, err_bad_arxiv = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;arxiv=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_arxiv', category = 'CS1 errors: arXiv', hidden = false }, err_bad_asin = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;asin=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_asin', category ='CS1 errors: ASIN', hidden = false }, err_bad_asin_tld = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;asin-tld=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_asin_tld', category ='CS1 errors: ASIN TLD', hidden = false }, err_bad_bibcode = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;bibcode=</code> $1', -- $1 is error message detail anchor = 'bad_bibcode', category = 'CS1 errors: bibcode', hidden = false }, err_bad_biorxiv = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;biorxiv=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_biorxiv', category = 'CS1 errors: bioRxiv', hidden = false }, err_bad_citeseerx = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;citeseerx=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_citeseerx', category = 'CS1 errors: citeseerx', hidden = false }, err_bad_date = { message = 'Check date values in: $1', -- $1 is a parameter name list anchor = 'bad_date', category = 'CS1 errors: dates', hidden = false }, err_bad_doi = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;doi=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_doi', category = 'CS1 errors: DOI', hidden = false }, err_bad_hdl = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;hdl=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_hdl', category = 'CS1 errors: HDL', hidden = false }, err_bad_isbn = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;isbn=</code> value: $1', -- $1 is error message detail anchor = 'bad_isbn', category = 'CS1 errors: ISBN', hidden = false }, err_bad_ismn = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;ismn=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_ismn', category = 'CS1 errors: ISMN', hidden = false }, err_bad_issn = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1issn=</code> value', -- $1 is 'e' or '' for eissn or issn anchor = 'bad_issn', category = 'CS1 errors: ISSN', hidden = false }, err_bad_jfm = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;jfm=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_jfm', category = 'CS1 errors: JFM', hidden = false }, err_bad_jstor = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;jstor=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_jstor', category = 'CS1 errors: JSTOR', hidden = false }, err_bad_lccn = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;lccn=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_lccn', category = 'CS1 errors: LCCN', hidden = false }, err_bad_medrxiv = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;medrxiv=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_medrxiv', category = 'CS1 errors: medRxiv', hidden = false }, err_bad_mr = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;mr=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_mr', category = 'CS1 errors: MR', hidden = false }, err_bad_oclc = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;oclc=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_oclc', category = 'CS1 errors: OCLC', hidden = false }, err_bad_ol = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;ol=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_ol', category = 'CS1 errors: OL', hidden = false }, err_bad_osti = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;osti=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_osti', category = 'CS1 errors: OSTI', hidden = false }, err_bad_paramlink = { -- for |title-link=, |author/editor/translator-link=, |series-link=, |episode-link= message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> value', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'bad_paramlink', category = 'CS1 errors: parameter link', hidden = false }, err_bad_pmc = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;pmc=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_pmc', category = 'CS1 errors: PMC', hidden = false }, err_bad_pmid = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;pmid=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_pmid', category = 'CS1 errors: PMID', hidden = false }, err_bad_rfc = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;rfc=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_rfc', category = 'CS1 errors: RFC', hidden = false }, err_bad_s2cid = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;s2cid=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_s2cid', category = 'CS1 errors: S2CID', hidden = false }, err_bad_sbn = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;sbn=</code> value: $1', -- $1 is error message detail anchor = 'bad_sbn', category = 'CS1 errors: SBN', hidden = false }, err_bad_ssrn = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;ssrn=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_ssrn', category = 'CS1 errors: SSRN', hidden = false }, err_bad_url = { message = 'Check $1 value', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'bad_url', category = 'CS1 errors: URL', hidden = false }, err_bad_usenet_id = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;message-id=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_message_id', category = 'CS1 errors: message-id', hidden = false }, err_bad_zbl = { message = 'Check <code class="cs1-code">&#124;zbl=</code> value', anchor = 'bad_zbl', category = 'CS1 errors: Zbl', hidden = false }, err_bare_url_missing_title = { message = '$1 missing title', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'bare_url_missing_title', category = 'CS1 errors: bare URL', hidden = false }, err_biorxiv_missing = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;biorxiv=</code> required', anchor = 'biorxiv_missing', category = 'CS1 errors: bioRxiv', -- same as bad bioRxiv hidden = false }, err_chapter_ignored = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> ignored', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'chapter_ignored', category = 'CS1 errors: chapter ignored', hidden = false }, err_citation_missing_title = { message = 'Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'citation_missing_title', category = 'CS1 errors: missing title', hidden = false }, err_citeseerx_missing = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;citeseerx=</code> required', anchor = 'citeseerx_missing', category = 'CS1 errors: citeseerx', -- same as bad citeseerx hidden = false }, err_cite_web_url = { -- this error applies to cite web and to cite podcast message = 'Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">&#124;url=</code>', anchor = 'cite_web_url', category = 'CS1 errors: requires URL', hidden = false }, err_class_ignored = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;class=</code> ignored', anchor = 'class_ignored', category = 'CS1 errors: class', hidden = false }, err_contributor_ignored = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;contributor=</code> ignored', anchor = 'contributor_ignored', category = 'CS1 errors: contributor', hidden = false }, err_contributor_missing_required_param = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;contributor=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'contributor_missing_required_param', category = 'CS1 errors: contributor', hidden = false }, err_deprecated_params = { message = 'Cite uses deprecated parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'deprecated_params', category = 'CS1 errors: deprecated parameters', hidden = false }, err_disp_name = { message = 'Invalid <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=$2</code>', -- $1 is parameter name; $2 is the assigned value anchor = 'disp_name', category = 'CS1 errors: display-names', hidden = false, }, err_doibroken_missing_doi = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;doi=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'doibroken_missing_doi', category = 'CS1 errors: DOI', hidden = false }, err_embargo_missing_pmc = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;pmc=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'embargo_missing_pmc', category = 'CS1 errors: PMC embargo', hidden = false }, err_empty_citation = { message = 'Empty citation', anchor = 'empty_citation', category = 'CS1 errors: empty citation', hidden = false }, err_etal = { message = 'Explicit use of et al. in: <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'explicit_et_al', category = 'CS1 errors: explicit use of et al.', hidden = false }, err_extra_text_edition = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;edition=</code> has extra text', anchor = 'extra_text_edition', category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: edition', hidden = false, }, err_extra_text_issue = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> has extra text', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'extra_text_issue', category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: issue', hidden = false, }, err_extra_text_pages = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> has extra text', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'extra_text_pages', category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: pages', hidden = false, }, err_extra_text_volume = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> has extra text', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'extra_text_volume', category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: volume', hidden = false, }, err_first_missing_last = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> missing <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$2=</code>', -- $1 is first alias, $2 is matching last alias anchor = 'first_missing_last', category = 'CS1 errors: missing name', -- author, contributor, editor, interviewer, translator hidden = false }, err_format_missing_url = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$2=</code>', -- $1 is format parameter $2 is url parameter anchor = 'format_missing_url', category = 'CS1 errors: format without URL', hidden = false }, err_generic_name = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> has generic name', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'generic_name', category = 'CS1 errors: generic name', hidden = false, }, err_generic_title = { message = 'Cite uses generic title', anchor = 'generic_title', category = 'CS1 errors: generic title', hidden = false, }, err_invalid_isbn_date = { message = 'ISBN / Date incompatibility', anchor = 'invalid_isbn_date', category = 'CS1 errors: ISBN date', hidden = true }, err_invalid_param_val = { message = 'Invalid <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=$2</code>', -- $1 is parameter name $2 is parameter value anchor = 'invalid_param_val', category = 'CS1 errors: invalid parameter value', hidden = false }, err_invisible_char = { message = '$1 in $2 at position $3', -- $1 is invisible char $2 is parameter name $3 is position number anchor = 'invisible_char', category = 'CS1 errors: invisible characters', hidden = false }, err_medrxiv_missing = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;medrxiv=</code> required', anchor = 'medrxiv_missing', category = 'CS1 errors: medRxiv', -- same as bad medRxiv hidden = false }, err_missing_name = { message = 'Missing <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1$2=</code>', -- $1 is modified NameList; $2 is enumerator anchor = 'missing_name', category = 'CS1 errors: missing name', -- author, contributor, editor, interviewer, translator hidden = false }, err_missing_periodical = { message = 'Cite $1 requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$2=</code>', -- $1 is cs1 template name; $2 is canonical periodical parameter name for cite $1 anchor = 'missing_periodical', category = 'CS1 errors: missing periodical', hidden = false }, err_missing_pipe = { message = 'Missing pipe in: <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'missing_pipe', category = 'CS1 errors: missing pipe', hidden = false }, err_missing_publisher = { message = 'Cite $1 requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$2=</code>', -- $1 is cs1 template name; $2 is canonical publisher parameter name for cite $1 anchor = 'missing_publisher', category = 'CS1 errors: missing publisher', hidden = false }, err_numeric_names = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> has numeric name', -- $1 is parameter name', anchor = 'numeric_names', category = 'CS1 errors: numeric name', hidden = false, }, err_param_access_requires_param = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1-access=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'param_access_requires_param', category = 'CS1 errors: param-access', hidden = false }, err_param_has_ext_link = { message = 'External link in <code class="cs1-code">$1</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'param_has_ext_link', category = 'CS1 errors: external links', hidden = false }, err_param_has_twl_url = { message = 'Wikipedia Library link in <code class="cs1-code">$1</code>', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'param_has_twl_url', category = 'CS1 errors: URL', hidden = false }, err_parameter_ignored = { message = 'Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> ignored', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'parameter_ignored', category = 'CS1 errors: unsupported parameter', hidden = false }, err_parameter_ignored_suggest = { message = 'Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$2=</code> suggested)', -- $1 is unknown parameter $2 is suggested parameter name anchor = 'parameter_ignored_suggest', category = 'CS1 errors: unsupported parameter', hidden = false }, err_periodical_ignored = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> ignored', -- $1 is parameter name anchor = 'periodical_ignored', category = 'CS1 errors: periodical ignored', hidden = false }, err_redundant_parameters = { message = 'More than one of $1 specified', -- $1 is error message detail anchor = 'redundant_parameters', category = 'CS1 errors: redundant parameter', hidden = false }, err_script_parameter = { message = 'Invalid <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code>: $2', -- $1 is parameter name $2 is script language code or error detail anchor = 'script_parameter', category = 'CS1 errors: script parameters', hidden = false }, err_ssrn_missing = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;ssrn=</code> required', anchor = 'ssrn_missing', category = 'CS1 errors: SSRN', hidden = false }, err_text_ignored = { message = 'Text "$1" ignored', -- $1 is ignored text anchor = 'text_ignored', category = 'CS1 errors: unrecognized parameter', hidden = false }, err_trans_missing_title = { message = '<code class="cs1-code">&#124;trans-$1=</code> requires <code class="cs1-code">&#124;$1=</code> or <code class="cs1-code">&#124;script-$1=</code>', -- $1 is base parameter name anchor = 'trans_missing_title', category = 'CS1 errors: translated title', hidden = false }, err_param_unknown_empty = { message = 'Cite has empty unknown parameter$1: $2', -- $1 is 's' or empty space; $2 is emty unknown param list anchor = 'param_unknown_empty', category = 'CS1 errors: empty unknown parameters', hidden = false }, err_vancouver = { message = 'Vancouver style error: $1 in name $2', -- $1 is error detail, $2 is the nth name anchor = 'vancouver', category = 'CS1 errors: Vancouver style', hidden = false }, err_wikilink_in_url = { message = 'URL–wikilink conflict', -- uses ndash anchor = 'wikilink_in_url', category = 'CS1 errors: URL–wikilink conflict', -- uses ndash hidden = false }, --[[--------------------------< M A I N T >------------------------------------- maint messages do not have a message (message = nil); otherwise the structure is the same as error messages ]] maint_archive_origin = { message = nil, anchor = 'archive_origin', category = 'CS1 maint: archive origin', hidden = true, }, maint_archived_copy = { message = nil, anchor = 'archived_copy', category = 'CS1 maint: archived copy as title', hidden = true, }, maint_bibcode = { message = nil, anchor = 'bibcode', category = 'CS1 maint: bibcode', hidden = true, }, maint_location_no_publisher = { -- cite book, conference, encyclopedia; citation as book cite or encyclopedia cite message = nil, anchor = 'location_no_publisher', category = 'CS1 maint: location missing publisher', hidden = true, }, maint_bot_unknown = { message = nil, anchor = 'bot:_unknown', category = 'CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown', hidden = true, }, maint_date_auto_xlated = { -- date auto-translation not supported by en.wiki message = nil, anchor = 'date_auto_xlated', category = 'CS1 maint: date auto-translated', hidden = true, }, maint_date_format = { message = nil, anchor = 'date_format', category = 'CS1 maint: date format', hidden = true, }, maint_date_year = { message = nil, anchor = 'date_year', category = 'CS1 maint: date and year', hidden = true, }, maint_deprecated_archive = { message = nil, anchor = 'deprecated_archive', category = 'CS1 maint: deprecated archival service', hidden = true, }, maint_doi_ignore = { message = nil, anchor = 'doi_ignore', category = 'CS1 maint: ignored DOI errors', hidden = true, }, maint_doi_inactive = { message = nil, anchor = 'doi_inactive', category = 'CS1 maint: DOI inactive', hidden = true, }, maint_doi_inactive_dated = { message = nil, anchor = 'doi_inactive_dated', category = 'CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of $2$3$1', -- $1 is year, $2 is month-name or empty string, $3 is space or empty string hidden = true, }, maint_doi_unflagged_free = { message = nil, anchor = 'doi_unflagged_free', category = 'CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI', hidden = true, }, maint_extra_punct = { message = nil, anchor = 'extra_punct', category = 'CS1 maint: extra punctuation', hidden = true, }, maint_id_limit_load_fail = { -- applies to all cs1|2 templates on a page; message = nil, -- maint message (category link) never emitted anchor = 'id_limit_load_fail', category = 'CS1 maint: ID limit load fail', hidden = true, }, maint_isbn_ignore = { message = nil, anchor = 'ignore_isbn_err', category = 'CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors', hidden = true, }, maint_issn_ignore = { message = nil, anchor = 'ignore_issn', category = 'CS1 maint: ignored ISSN errors', hidden = true, }, maint_jfm_format = { message = nil, anchor = 'jfm_format', category = 'CS1 maint: JFM format', hidden = true, }, maint_location = { message = nil, anchor = 'location', category = 'CS1 maint: location', hidden = true, }, maint_misc_url = { message = nil, anchor = 'misc_url', category = 'CS1 maint: miscellaneous url', hidden = true, }, maint_missing_class = { message = nil, anchor = 'missing_class', category = 'CS1 maint: missing class', hidden = true, }, maint_mr_format = { message = nil, anchor = 'mr_format', category = 'CS1 maint: MR format', hidden = true, }, maint_mult_names = { message = nil, anchor = 'mult_names', category = 'CS1 maint: multiple names: $1', -- $1 is '<name>s list'; gets value from special_case_translation table hidden = true, }, maint_numeric_names = { message = nil, anchor = 'numeric_names', category = 'CS1 maint: numeric names: $1', -- $1 is '<name>s list'; gets value from special_case_translation table hidden = true, }, maint_others = { message = nil, anchor = 'others', category = 'CS1 maint: others', hidden = true, }, maint_others_avm = { message = nil, anchor = 'others_avm', category = 'CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes)', hidden = true, }, maint_overridden_setting = { message = nil, anchor = 'overridden', category = 'CS1 maint: overridden setting', hidden = true, }, maint_page_art_num = { message = nil, anchor = 'page_art_num', category = 'CS1 maint: article number as page number', hidden = true, }, maint_periodical_has_isbn = { message = nil, anchor = 'periodical_has_isbn', category = 'CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN', hidden = true, }, maint_pmc_embargo = { message = nil, anchor = 'embargo', category = 'CS1 maint: PMC embargo expired', hidden = true, }, maint_pmc_format = { message = nil, anchor = 'pmc_format', category = 'CS1 maint: PMC format', hidden = true, }, maint_postscript = { message = nil, anchor = 'postscript', category = 'CS1 maint: postscript', hidden = true, }, maint_publisher_location = { message = nil, anchor = 'publisher_location', category = 'CS1 maint: publisher location', hidden = true, }, maint_ref_duplicates_default = { message = nil, anchor = 'ref_default', category = 'CS1 maint: ref duplicates default', hidden = true, }, maint_shortened_archive_url = { message = nil, anchor = 'shortened_archive_url', category = 'CS1 maint: shortened archive url', hidden = true, }, maint_unknown_lang = { message = nil, anchor = 'unknown_lang', category = 'CS1 maint: unrecognized language', hidden = true, }, maint_untitled = { message = nil, anchor = 'untitled', category = 'CS1 maint: untitled periodical', hidden = true, }, maint_url_status = { message = nil, anchor = 'url_status', category = 'CS1 maint: url-status', hidden = true, }, maint_work_isbn = { message = nil, anchor = 'work_isbn', category = 'CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN', hidden = true, }, maint_year= { message = nil, anchor = 'year', category = 'CS1 maint: year', hidden = true, }, maint_zbl = { message = nil, anchor = 'zbl', category = 'CS1 maint: Zbl', hidden = true, }, } --[[--------------------------< I D _ L I M I T S _ D A T A _ T >---------------------------------------------- fetch id limits for certain identifiers from c:Data:CS1/Identifier limits.tab. This source is a json tabular data file maintained at wikipedia commons. Convert the json format to a table of k/v pairs. The values from <id_limits_data_t> are used to set handle.id_limit. From 2025-02-21, MediaWiki is broken. Use this link to edit the tablular data file: https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Data:CS1/Identifier_limits.tab&action=edit See Phab:T389105 ]] local id_limits_data_t; local id_limits_data_load_fail = false; -- flag; assume that we will be successful when loading json id limit tabular data local use_commons_data = true; -- set to false if your wiki does not have access to mediawiki commons; then, if false == use_commons_data then -- update this table from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:CS1/Identifier_limits.tab; last update: 2026-08-02 id_limits_data_t = {['OCLC'] = 11160000000, ['OSTI'] = 23010000, ['PMC'] = 13500000, ['PMID'] = 42900000, ['RFC'] = 9300, ['SSRN'] = 7500000, ['S2CID'] = 290000000}; -- this table must be maintained locally else -- here for wikis that do have access to mediawiki commons local load_fail_limit = 99999999999; -- very high number to avoid error messages on load failure id_limits_data_t = {['OCLC'] = load_fail_limit, ['OSTI'] = load_fail_limit, ['PMC'] = load_fail_limit, ['PMID'] = load_fail_limit, ['RFC'] = load_fail_limit, ['SSRN'] = load_fail_limit, ['S2CID'] = load_fail_limit}; if mw.ext.data == nil then id_limits_data_load_fail = true; -- safeguard against Lua errors if mw.ext.data is not available for some reason else local tab_data_t = mw.ext.data.get ('CS1/Identifier limits.tab'); -- attempt to load the tabular data from commons into <tab_data_t> if false == tab_data_t then -- undocumented 'feature': mw.ext.data.get() sometimes returns false id_limits_data_load_fail = true; -- set the flag so that Module:Citation/CS1 can create an unannotated maint category else for _, limit_t in ipairs (tab_data_t.data) do -- overwrite default <load_fail_limit> values from the data table in the tabular data id_limits_data_t[limit_t[1]] = limit_t[2]; -- <limit[1]> is identifier; <limit[2]> is upper limit for that identifier end end end end --[[--------------------------< I D _ H A N D L E R S >-------------------------------------------------------- The following contains a list of values for various defined identifiers. For each identifier we specify a variety of information necessary to properly render the identifier in the citation. parameters: a list of parameter aliases for this identifier; first in the list is the canonical form link: Wikipedia article name redirect: a local redirect to a local Wikipedia article name; at en.wiki, 'ISBN (identifier)' is a redirect to 'International Standard Book Number' q: Wikidata q number for the identifier label: the label preceding the identifier; label is linked to a Wikipedia article (in this order): redirect from id_handlers['<id>'].redirect when use_identifier_redirects is true Wikidata-supplied article name for the local wiki from id_handlers['<id>'].q local article name from id_handlers['<id>'].link prefix: the first part of a URL that will be concatenated with a second part which usually contains the identifier suffix: optional third part to be added after the identifier encode: true if URI should be percent-encoded; otherwise false COinS: identifier link or keyword for use in COinS: for identifiers registered at info-uri.info use: info:.... where '...' is the appropriate identifier label for identifiers that have COinS keywords, use the keyword: rft.isbn, rft.issn, rft.eissn for |asin= and |ol=, which require assembly, use the keyword: url for others make a URL using the value in prefix/suffix and #label, use the keyword: pre (not checked; any text other than 'info', 'rft', or 'url' works here) set to nil to leave the identifier out of the COinS separator: character or text between label and the identifier in the rendered citation id_limit: for those identifiers with established limits, this property holds the upper limit access: use this parameter to set the access level for all instances of this identifier. the value must be a valid access level for an identifier (see ['id-access'] in this file). custom_access: to enable custom access level for an identifier, set this parameter to the parameter that should control it (normally 'id-access') ]] local id_handlers = { ['ARXIV'] = { parameters = {'arxiv', 'eprint'}, link = 'arXiv', redirect = 'arXiv (identifier)', q = 'Q118398', label = 'arXiv', prefix = 'https://arxiv.org/abs/', encode = false, COinS = 'info:arxiv', separator = ':', access = 'free', -- free to read }, ['ASIN'] = { parameters = { 'asin', 'ASIN' }, link = 'Amazon Standard Identification Number', redirect = 'ASIN (identifier)', q = 'Q1753278', label = 'ASIN', prefix = 'https://www.amazon.', COinS = 'url', separator = '&nbsp;', encode = false; }, ['BIBCODE'] = { parameters = {'bibcode'}, link = 'Bibcode', redirect = 'Bibcode (identifier)', q = 'Q25754', label = 'Bibcode', prefix = 'https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/', encode = false, COinS = 'info:bibcode', separator = ':', custom_access = 'bibcode-access', }, ['BIORXIV'] = { parameters = {'biorxiv'}, link = 'bioRxiv', redirect = 'bioRxiv (identifier)', q = 'Q19835482', label = 'bioRxiv', prefix = 'https://doi.org/', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value access = 'free', -- free to read encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['CITESEERX'] = { parameters = {'citeseerx'}, link = 'CiteSeerX', redirect = 'CiteSeerX (identifier)', q = 'Q2715061', label = 'CiteSeerX', prefix = 'https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value access = 'free', -- free to read encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['DOI'] = { -- Used by InternetArchiveBot parameters = { 'doi', 'DOI'}, link = 'Digital object identifier', redirect = 'doi (identifier)', q = 'Q25670', label = 'doi', prefix = 'https://doi.org/', COinS = 'info:doi', separator = ':', encode = true, custom_access = 'doi-access', }, ['EISSN'] = { parameters = {'eissn', 'EISSN'}, link = 'International Standard Serial Number#Electronic ISSN', redirect = 'eISSN (identifier)', q = 'Q46339674', label = 'eISSN', prefix = 'https://search.worldcat.org/issn/', COinS = 'rft.eissn', encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['HDL'] = { parameters = { 'hdl', 'HDL' }, link = 'Handle System', redirect = 'hdl (identifier)', q = 'Q3126718', label = 'hdl', prefix = 'https://hdl.handle.net/', COinS = 'info:hdl', separator = ':', encode = true, custom_access = 'hdl-access', }, ['ISBN'] = { -- Used by InternetArchiveBot parameters = {'isbn', 'ISBN'}, link = 'International Standard Book Number', redirect = 'ISBN (identifier)', q = 'Q33057', label = 'ISBN', prefix = 'Special:BookSources/', COinS = 'rft.isbn', separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['ISMN'] = { parameters = {'ismn', 'ISMN'}, link = 'International Standard Music Number', redirect = 'ISMN (identifier)', q = 'Q1666938', label = 'ISMN', prefix = '', -- not currently used; COinS = nil, -- nil because we can't use pre or rft or info: separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['ISSN'] = { parameters = {'issn', 'ISSN'}, link = 'International Standard Serial Number', redirect = 'ISSN (identifier)', q = 'Q131276', label = 'ISSN', prefix = 'https://search.worldcat.org/issn/', COinS = 'rft.issn', encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['JFM'] = { parameters = {'jfm', 'JFM'}, link = 'Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik', redirect = 'JFM (identifier)', q = '', label = 'JFM', prefix = 'https://zbmath.org/?format=complete&q=an:', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['JSTOR'] = { parameters = {'jstor', 'JSTOR'}, link = 'JSTOR', redirect = 'JSTOR (identifier)', q = 'Q1420342', label = 'JSTOR', prefix = 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', custom_access = 'jstor-access', }, ['LCCN'] = { parameters = {'lccn', 'LCCN'}, link = 'Library of Congress Control Number', redirect = 'LCCN (identifier)', q = 'Q620946', label = 'LCCN', prefix = 'https://lccn.loc.gov/', COinS = 'info:lccn', encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['MEDRXIV'] = { parameters = {'medrxiv'}, link = 'medRxiv', redirect = 'medRxiv (identifier)', q = 'Q58465838', label = 'medRxiv', prefix = 'https://www.medrxiv.org/content/', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value access = 'free', -- free to read encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['MR'] = { parameters = {'mr', 'MR'}, link = 'Mathematical Reviews', redirect = 'MR (identifier)', q = 'Q211172', label = 'MR', prefix = 'https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['OCLC'] = { parameters = {'oclc', 'OCLC'}, link = 'OCLC', redirect = 'OCLC (identifier)', q = 'Q190593', label = 'OCLC', prefix = 'https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/', COinS = 'info:oclcnum', encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', id_limit = id_limits_data_t.OCLC or 0, }, ['OL'] = { parameters = { 'ol', 'OL' }, link = 'Open Library', redirect = 'OL (identifier)', q = 'Q1201876', label = 'OL', prefix = 'https://openlibrary.org/', COinS = 'url', separator = '&nbsp;', encode = true, custom_access = 'ol-access', }, ['OSTI'] = { parameters = {'osti', 'OSTI'}, link = 'Office of Scientific and Technical Information', redirect = 'OSTI (identifier)', q = 'Q2015776', label = 'OSTI', prefix = 'https://www.osti.gov/biblio/', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', id_limit = id_limits_data_t.OSTI or 0, custom_access = 'osti-access', }, ['PMC'] = { parameters = {'pmc', 'PMC'}, link = 'PubMed Central', redirect = 'PMC (identifier)', q = 'Q229883', label = 'PMC', prefix = 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC', suffix = '', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', id_limit = id_limits_data_t.PMC or 0, access = 'free', -- free to read }, ['PMID'] = { parameters = {'pmid', 'PMID'}, link = 'PubMed Identifier', redirect = 'PMID (identifier)', q = 'Q2082879', label = 'PMID', prefix = 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/', COinS = 'info:pmid', encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', id_limit = id_limits_data_t.PMID or 0, }, ['RFC'] = { parameters = {'rfc', 'RFC'}, link = 'Request for Comments', redirect = 'RFC (identifier)', q = 'Q212971', label = 'RFC', prefix = 'https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', id_limit = id_limits_data_t.RFC or 0, access = 'free', -- free to read }, ['SBN'] = { parameters = {'sbn', 'SBN'}, link = 'Standard Book Number', -- redirect to International_Standard_Book_Number#History redirect = 'SBN (identifier)', label = 'SBN', prefix = 'Special:BookSources/0-', -- prefix has leading zero necessary to make 9-digit sbn a 10-digit isbn COinS = nil, -- nil because we can't use pre or rft or info: separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['SSRN'] = { parameters = {'ssrn', 'SSRN'}, link = 'Social Science Research Network', redirect = 'SSRN (identifier)', q = 'Q7550801', label = 'SSRN', prefix = 'https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', id_limit = id_limits_data_t.SSRN or 0, custom_access = 'ssrn-access', }, ['S2CID'] = { parameters = {'s2cid', 'S2CID'}, link = 'Semantic Scholar', redirect = 'S2CID (identifier)', q = 'Q22908627', label = 'S2CID', prefix = 'https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = false, separator = '&nbsp;', id_limit = id_limits_data_t.S2CID or 0, custom_access = 's2cid-access', }, ['USENETID'] = { parameters = {'message-id'}, link = 'Usenet', redirect = 'Usenet (identifier)', q = 'Q193162', label = 'Usenet:', prefix = 'news:', encode = false, COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value separator = '&nbsp;', }, ['ZBL'] = { parameters = {'zbl', 'ZBL' }, link = 'Zentralblatt MATH', redirect = 'Zbl (identifier)', q = 'Q190269', label = 'Zbl', prefix = 'https://zbmath.org/?format=complete&q=an:', COinS = 'pre', -- use prefix value encode = true, separator = '&nbsp;', }, } --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T S >--------------------------------- ]] return { use_identifier_redirects = use_identifier_redirects, -- booleans defined in the settings at the top of this module local_lang_cat_enable = local_lang_cat_enable, date_name_auto_xlate_enable = date_name_auto_xlate_enable, date_digit_auto_xlate_enable = date_digit_auto_xlate_enable, enable_sort_keys = enable_sort_keys, suppress_archive_today_urls = suppress_archive_today_urls, -- tables and variables created when this module is loaded dependencies_t = dependencies_t, -- used to suppress parameters dependent on url-holding parameters holding archive.today urls enum_needs_xlation = '1' ~= date_names.xlate_digits['1'], -- to avoid unnecessary enumerator translation global_df = get_date_format (), -- this line can be replaced with "global_df = 'dmy-all'," to have all dates auto translated to dmy format. global_cs1_config_t = global_cs1_config_t, -- global settings from {{cs1 config}} id_limits_data_load_fail = id_limits_data_load_fail, -- true when commons tabular identifier-limit data fails to load known_free_doi_registrants_t = build_free_doi_registrants_table(), punct_skip = build_skip_table (punct_skip, punct_meta_params), url_skip = build_skip_table (url_skip, url_meta_params), archive_today_tlds_t = {['today'] = true, ['ph'] = true, ['is'] = true, ['md'] = true, ['li'] = true, ['fo'] = true, ['vn'] = true}; -- used by is_archive_today_url() name_space_sort_keys = name_space_sort_keys, aliases = aliases, special_case_translation = special_case_translation, date_names = date_names, err_msg_supl = err_msg_supl, error_conditions = error_conditions, et_al_patterns = et_al_patterns, extended_registrants_t = extended_registrants_t, id_handlers = id_handlers, keywords_lists = keywords_lists, keywords_xlate = keywords_xlate, stripmarkers = stripmarkers, invisible_chars = invisible_chars, invisible_defs = invisible_defs, indic_script = indic_script, emoji_t = emoji_t, messages = messages, presentation = presentation, prop_cats = prop_cats, script_lang_codes = script_lang_codes, lang_tag_remap = lang_tag_remap, lang_name_remap = lang_name_remap, this_wiki_code = this_wiki_code, title_types = title_types, uncategorized_namespaces = uncategorized_namespaces_t, uncategorized_subpages = uncategorized_subpages, templates_using_volume = templates_using_volume, templates_using_issue = templates_using_issue, templates_not_using_page = templates_not_using_page, vol_iss_pg_patterns = vol_iss_pg_patterns, single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t = single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t, url_access_map_t = url_access_map_t, inter_wiki_map = inter_wiki_map, mw_languages_by_tag_t = mw_languages_by_tag_t, mw_languages_by_name_t = mw_languages_by_name_t, citation_class_map_t = citation_class_map_t, citation_issue_t = citation_issue_t, citation_no_volume_t = citation_no_volume_t, } e7w2jpc8m3hf485c54y7d0wmq4zi17p 828 6303 366686 185057 2026-08-08T13:56:52Z en>Trappist the monk 0 synch from sandbox; 366686 Scribunto text/plain --[[--------------------------< S U P P O R T E D P A R A M E T E R S >-------------------------------------- Because a steady-state signal conveys no useful information, whitelist.basic_arguments[] list items can have three values: true - these parameters are valid and supported parameters false - these parameters are deprecated but still supported tracked - these parameters are valid and supported parameters tracked in an eponymous properties category nil - these parameters are no longer supported. remove entirely ]] local basic_arguments_t = { ['accessdate'] = true, ['access-date'] = true, ['agency'] = true, ['archivedate'] = true, ['archive-date'] = true, ['archive-format'] = true, ['archiveurl'] = true, ['archive-url'] = true, ['article'] = true, ['article-format'] = true, ['article-number'] = true, -- {{cite journal}}, {{cite conference}}; {{citation}} when |journal= has a value ['article-url'] = true, ['article-url-access'] = true, ['arxiv'] = true, -- cite arxiv; here because allowed in cite ... as identifier ['asin'] = true, ['ASIN'] = true, ['asin-tld'] = true, ['at'] = true, ['author'] = true, ['author-first'] = true, ['author-given'] = true, ['author-last'] = true, ['author-surname'] = true, ['authorlink'] = true, ['author-link'] = true, ['author-mask'] = true, ['bibcode'] = true, ['bibcode-access'] = true, ['biorxiv'] = true, -- cite biorxiv; here because allowed in cite ... as identifier ['chapter'] = true, ['chapter-format'] = true, ['chapter-url'] = true, ['chapter-url-access'] = true, ['citeseerx'] = false, -- cite citeseerx; here because allowed in cite ... as identifier ['collaboration'] = true, ['contribution'] = true, ['contribution-format'] = true, ['contribution-url'] = true, ['contribution-url-access'] = true, ['contributor'] = true, ['contributor-first'] = true, ['contributor-given'] = true, ['contributor-last'] = true, ['contributor-surname'] = true, ['contributor-link'] = true, ['contributor-mask'] = true, ['date'] = true, ['department'] = true, ['df'] = true, ['dictionary'] = true, ['display-authors'] = true, ['display-contributors'] = true, ['display-editors'] = true, ['display-interviewers'] = true, ['display-subjects'] = true, ['display-translators'] = true, ['doi'] = true, ['DOI'] = true, ['doi-access'] = true, ['doi-broken-date'] = true, ['edition'] = true, ['editor'] = true, ['editor-first'] = true, ['editor-given'] = true, ['editor-last'] = true, ['editor-surname'] = true, ['editor-link'] = true, ['editor-mask'] = true, ['eissn'] = true, ['EISSN'] = true, ['encyclopaedia'] = true, ['encyclopedia'] = true, ['entry'] = true, ['entry-format'] = true, ['entry-url'] = true, ['entry-url-access'] = true, ['eprint'] = true, -- cite arxiv; here because allowed in cite ... as identifier ['first'] = true, ['format'] = true, ['given'] = true, ['hdl'] = true, ['HDL'] = true, ['hdl-access'] = true, ['host'] = true, -- unique to certain templates? ['id'] = true, ['ID'] = true, ['institution'] = true, -- constrain to cite thesis? ['interviewer'] = true, ['interviewer-first'] = true, ['interviewer-given'] = true, ['interviewer-last'] = true, ['interviewer-surname'] = true, ['interviewer-link'] = true, ['interviewer-mask'] = true, ['isbn'] = true, ['ISBN'] = true, ['ismn'] = true, ['ISMN'] = true, ['issn'] = true, ['ISSN'] = true, ['issue'] = true, ['jfm'] = true, ['JFM'] = true, ['journal'] = true, ['jstor'] = true, ['JSTOR'] = true, ['jstor-access'] = true, ['lang'] = true, ['language'] = true, ['last'] = true, ['lccn'] = true, ['LCCN'] = true, ['location'] = true, ['magazine'] = true, ['medium'] = true, ['medrxiv'] = true, -- cite medrxiv; here because allowed in cite ... as identifier ['minutes'] = true, -- constrain to cite AV media and podcast? ['mode'] = true, ['mr'] = true, ['MR'] = true, ['name-list-style'] = true, ['newspaper'] = true, ['no-pp'] = true, ['no-tracking'] = true, ['number'] = true, ['oclc'] = true, ['OCLC'] = true, ['ol'] = true, ['OL'] = true, ['ol-access'] = true, ['orig-date'] = true, ['origyear'] = true, ['orig-year'] = true, ['osti'] = true, ['OSTI'] = true, ['osti-access'] = true, ['others'] = true, ['p'] = true, ['page'] = true, ['pages'] = true, ['periodical'] = true, ['place'] = true, ['pmc'] = true, ['PMC'] = true, ['pmc-embargo-date'] = true, ['pmid'] = true, ['PMID'] = true, ['postscript'] = true, ['pp'] = true, ['publication-date'] = true, ['publication-place'] = true, ['publisher'] = true, ['quotation'] = true, ['quote'] = true, ['quote-page'] = true, ['quote-pages'] = true, ['ref'] = true, ['rfc'] = true, ['RFC'] = true, ['sbn'] = true, ['SBN'] = true, ['scale'] = true, ['script-article'] = true, ['script-chapter'] = true, ['script-contribution'] = true, ['script-encyclopaedia'] = true, ['script-encyclopedia'] = true, ['script-entry'] = true, ['script-journal'] = true, ['script-magazine'] = true, ['script-newspaper'] = true, ['script-periodical'] = true, ['script-quote'] = true, ['script-section'] = true, ['script-title'] = true, ['script-website'] = true, ['script-work'] = true, ['section'] = true, ['section-format'] = true, ['section-url'] = true, ['section-url-access'] = true, ['series'] = true, ['ssrn'] = true, -- cite ssrn; these three here because allowed in cite ... as identifier ['SSRN'] = true, ['ssrn-access'] = true, ['subject'] = true, ['subject-first'] = true, ['subject-given'] = true, ['subject-last'] = true, ['subject-link'] = true, ['subject-mask'] = true, ['subject-surname'] = true, ['surname'] = true, ['s2cid'] = true, ['S2CID'] = true, ['s2cid-access'] = true, ['template-doc-demo'] = true, ['time'] = true, -- constrain to cite av media and podcast? ['time-caption'] = true, -- constrain to cite av media and podcast? ['title'] = true, ['title-link'] = true, ['title-note'] = true, ['translator'] = true, ['translator-first'] = true, ['translator-given'] = true, ['translator-last'] = true, ['translator-surname'] = true, ['translator-link'] = true, ['translator-mask'] = true, ['trans-article'] = true, ['trans-chapter'] = true, ['trans-contribution'] = true, ['trans-encyclopaedia'] = true, ['trans-encyclopedia'] = true, ['trans-entry'] = true, ['trans-journal'] = true, ['trans-magazine'] = true, ['trans-newspaper'] = true, ['trans-periodical'] = true, ['trans-quote'] = true, ['trans-section'] = true, ['trans-title'] = true, ['trans-website'] = true, ['trans-work'] = true, ['type'] = true, ['url'] = true, ['URL'] = true, ['url-access'] = true, ['url-status'] = true, ['vauthors'] = true, ['veditors'] = true, ['version'] = true, ['via'] = true, ['volume'] = true, ['website'] = true, ['work'] = true, ['year'] = true, ['zbl'] = true, ['ZBL'] = true, } local numbered_arguments_t = { ['author#'] = true, ['author-first#'] = true, ['author#-first'] = true, ['author-given#'] = true, ['author#-given'] = true, ['author-last#'] = true, ['author#-last'] = true, ['author-surname#'] = true, ['author#-surname'] = true, ['author-link#'] = true, ['author#-link'] = true, ['authorlink#'] = true, ['author#link'] = true, ['author-mask#'] = true, ['author#-mask'] = true, ['contributor#'] = true, ['contributor-first#'] = true, ['contributor#-first'] = true, ['contributor-given#'] = true, ['contributor#-given'] = true, ['contributor-last#'] = true, ['contributor#-last'] = true, ['contributor-surname#'] = true, ['contributor#-surname'] = true, ['contributor-link#'] = true, ['contributor#-link'] = true, ['contributor-mask#'] = true, ['contributor#-mask'] = true, ['editor#'] = true, ['editor-first#'] = true, ['editor#-first'] = true, ['editor-given#'] = true, ['editor#-given'] = true, ['editor-last#'] = true, ['editor#-last'] = true, ['editor-surname#'] = true, ['editor#-surname'] = true, ['editor-link#'] = true, ['editor#-link'] = true, ['editor-mask#'] = true, ['editor#-mask'] = true, ['first#'] = true, ['given#'] = true, ['host#'] = true, ['interviewer#'] = true, ['interviewer-first#'] = true, ['interviewer#-first'] = true, ['interviewer-given#'] = true, ['interviewer#-given'] = true, ['interviewer-last#'] = true, ['interviewer#-last'] = true, ['interviewer-surname#'] = true, ['interviewer#-surname'] = true, ['interviewer-link#'] = true, ['interviewer#-link'] = true, ['interviewer-mask#'] = true, ['interviewer#-mask'] = true, ['last#'] = true, ['subject#'] = true, ['subject-first#'] = true, ['subject#-first'] = true, ['subject-given#'] = true, ['subject#-given'] = true, ['subject-last#'] = true, ['subject#-last'] = true, ['subject-link#'] = true, ['subject#-link'] = true, ['subject-mask#'] = true, ['subject#-mask'] = true, ['subject-surname#'] = true, ['subject#-surname'] = true, ['surname#'] = true, ['translator#'] = true, ['translator-first#'] = true, ['translator#-first'] = true, ['translator-given#'] = true, ['translator#-given'] = true, ['translator-last#'] = true, ['translator#-last'] = true, ['translator-surname#'] = true, ['translator#-surname'] = true, ['translator-link#'] = true, ['translator#-link'] = true, ['translator-mask#'] = true, ['translator#-mask'] = true, } --[[--------------------------< P R E P R I N T S U P P O R T E D P A R A M E T E R S >-------------------- Cite arXiv, cite biorxiv, cite citeseerx, cite medrxiv, and cite ssrn are preprint templates that use the limited set of parameters defined in the limited_basic_arguments and limited_numbered_arguments tables. Those lists are supplemented with a template-specific list of parameters that are required by the particular template and may be exclusive to one of the preprint templates. Some of these parameters may also be available to the general cs1|2 templates. Same conventions for true/false/tracked/nil as above. ]] local preprint_arguments_t = { arxiv = { ['arxiv'] = true, -- cite arxiv and arxiv identifiers ['class'] = true, ['eprint'] = true, -- cite arxiv and arxiv identifiers }, biorxiv = { ['biorxiv'] = true, }, citeseerx = { ['citeseerx'] = false, }, medrxiv = { ['medrxiv'] = true, }, ssrn = { ['ssrn'] = true, ['SSRN'] = true, ['ssrn-access'] = true, }, } --[[--------------------------< L I M I T E D S U P P O R T E D P A R A M E T E R S >---------------------- cite arxiv, cite biorxiv, cite citeseerx, cite medrxiv, and cite ssrn templates are preprint templates so are allowed only a limited subset of parameters allowed to all other cs1|2 templates. The limited subset is defined here. This list of parameters also used by {{cite document}} Same conventions for true/false/tracked/nil as above. ]] local limited_basic_arguments_t = { ['at'] = true, ['author'] = true, ['author-first'] = true, ['author-given'] = true, ['author-last'] = true, ['author-surname'] = true, ['author-link'] = true, ['authorlink'] = true, ['author-mask'] = true, ['collaboration'] = true, ['date'] = true, ['df'] = true, ['display-authors'] = true, ['first'] = true, ['given'] = true, ['language'] = true, ['last'] = true, ['mode'] = true, ['name-list-style'] = true, ['no-tracking'] = true, ['p'] = true, ['page'] = true, ['pages'] = true, ['postscript'] = true, ['pp'] = true, ['quotation'] = true, ['quote'] = true, ['ref'] = true, ['surname'] = true, ['template-doc-demo'] = true, ['title'] = true, ['trans-title'] = true, ['vauthors'] = true, ['year'] = true, } local limited_numbered_arguments_t = { ['author#'] = true, ['author-first#'] = true, ['author#-first'] = true, ['author-given#'] = true, ['author#-given'] = true, ['author-last#'] = true, ['author#-last'] = true, ['author-surname#'] = true, ['author#-surname'] = true, ['author-link#'] = true, ['author#-link'] = true, ['authorlink#'] = true, ['author#link'] = true, ['author-mask#'] = true, ['author#-mask'] = true, ['first#'] = true, ['given#'] = true, ['last#'] = true, ['surname#'] = true, } --[[--------------------------< U N I Q U E _ A R G U M E N T S >---------------------------------------------- Some templates have unique parameters. Those templates and their unique parameters are listed here. Keys in this table are the template's CitationClass parameter value Same conventions for true/false/tracked/nil as above. ]] local unique_arguments_t = { ['audio-visual'] = { ['people'] = true, ['transcript'] = true, ['transcript-format'] = true, ['transcript-url'] = true, }, conference = { ['book-title'] = true, ['conference'] = true, ['conference-format'] = true, ['conference-url'] = true, ['event'] = true, }, episode = { ['airdate'] = true, ['air-date'] = true, ['credits'] = true, ['episode-link'] = true, -- alias of |title-link= ['network'] = true, ['people'] = true, ['season'] = true, ['series-link'] = true, ['series-no'] = true, ['series-number'] = true, ['station'] = true, ['transcript'] = true, ['transcript-format'] = true, ['transcript-url'] = true, }, mailinglist = { ['mailing-list'] = true, }, map = { ['cartography'] = true, ['inset'] = true, ['map'] = true, ['map-format'] = true, ['map-url'] = true, ['map-url-access'] = true, ['script-map'] = true, ['sections'] = true, ['sheet'] = true, ['sheets'] = true, ['trans-map'] = true, }, newsgroup = { ['message-id'] = true, ['newsgroup'] = true, }, report = { ['docket'] = true, }, serial = { ['airdate'] = true, ['air-date'] = true, ['credits'] = true, ['episode'] = true, -- cite serial only TODO: make available to cite episode? ['episode-link'] = true, -- alias of |title-link= ['network'] = true, ['people'] = true, ['series-link'] = true, ['station'] = true, }, speech = { ['conference'] = true, ['conference-format'] = true, ['conference-url'] = true, ['event'] = true, }, thesis = { ['degree'] = true, ['docket'] = true, }, } --[[--------------------------< C I T E _ D O C U M E N T >---------------------------------------------------- Special case for cite document. This template takes the limited basic and limited enumerated parameters plus others that are apply only to standalone published sources that cannot be cited any other way; no url, book, periodical, etc parameters; limited support for name lists and named identifiers. when validating parameters in {{cite document}} templates, the basic and ]] local document_arguments_t = { ['bibcode'] = true, ['bibcode-access'] = true, ['doi'] = true, ['DOI'] = true, ['doi-access'] = true, ['doi-broken-date'] = true, ['hdl'] = true, ['HDL'] = true, ['hdl-access'] = true, ['id'] = true, ['ID'] = true, ['jfm'] = true, ['JFM'] = true, ['lang'] = true, ['location'] = true, ['mr'] = true, ['MR'] = true, ['no-pp'] = true, ['orig-date'] = true, ['origyear'] = true, ['orig-year'] = true, ['osti'] = true, ['OSTI'] = true, ['osti-access'] = true, ['place'] = true, ['publisher'] = true, ['quote-page'] = true, ['quote-pages'] = true, ['script-quote'] = true, ['script-title'] = true, ['title-link'] = true, ['translator'] = true, ['translator-first'] = true, ['translator-given'] = true, ['translator-last'] = true, ['translator-surname'] = true, ['translator-link'] = true, ['translator-mask'] = true, ['trans-quote'] = true, ['type'] = true, ['zbl'] = true, ['ZBL'] = true, } local document_numbered_arguments_t = { ['translator#'] = true, ['translator-first#'] = true, ['translator#-first'] = true, ['translator-given#'] = true, ['translator#-given'] = true, ['translator-last#'] = true, ['translator#-last'] = true, ['translator-surname#'] = true, ['translator#-surname'] = true, ['translator-link#'] = true, ['translator#-link'] = true, ['translator-mask#'] = true, ['translator#-mask'] = true, } --[[--------------------------< L I S T _ C O M B I N E >------------------------------------------------------ makes one table from a list of tables. <lists_t> is a sequence of tables to be combined ]] local function list_combine (lists_t) local out_t = {}; for _, list_t in ipairs (lists_t) do -- for each list in <lists_t> for k, v in pairs (list_t) do -- extract each k/v pair out_t[k] = v; -- add to <out_t> end end return out_t; -- and done end --[[--------------------------< T E M P L A T E _ L I S T _ G E T >-------------------------------------------- gets a list of the templates from table t ]] local function template_list_get (t) local out_t = {}; -- a table for output for k, _ in pairs (t) do -- spin through the table and collect the keys table.insert (out_t, k) -- add each key to the output table end return out_t; -- and done end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D T A B L E S >------------------------------------------------ ]] return { preprint_arguments_t = preprint_arguments_t, preprint_template_list_t = template_list_get (preprint_arguments_t), -- make a template list from preprint_arguments{} table unique_arguments_t = unique_arguments_t, unique_param_template_list_t = template_list_get (unique_arguments_t), -- make a template list from unique_arguments{} table document_parameters_t = list_combine ({limited_basic_arguments_t, limited_numbered_arguments_t, document_arguments_t, document_numbered_arguments_t}); common_parameters_t = list_combine ({basic_arguments_t, numbered_arguments_t}); limited_parameters_t = list_combine ({limited_basic_arguments_t, limited_numbered_arguments_t}); }; 1livvij6p41ygpz0myvp2ov8j5lfzcj 366687 366686 2026-08-23T13:30:11Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist]] 366686 Scribunto text/plain --[[--------------------------< S U P P O R T E D P A R A M E T E R S >-------------------------------------- Because a steady-state signal conveys no useful information, whitelist.basic_arguments[] list items can have three values: true - these parameters are valid and supported parameters false - these parameters are deprecated but still supported tracked - these parameters are valid and supported parameters tracked in an eponymous properties category nil - these parameters are no longer supported. remove entirely ]] local basic_arguments_t = { ['accessdate'] = true, ['access-date'] = true, ['agency'] = true, ['archivedate'] = true, ['archive-date'] = true, ['archive-format'] = true, ['archiveurl'] = true, ['archive-url'] = true, ['article'] = true, ['article-format'] = true, ['article-number'] = true, -- {{cite journal}}, {{cite conference}}; {{citation}} when |journal= has a value ['article-url'] = true, ['article-url-access'] = true, ['arxiv'] = true, -- cite arxiv; here because allowed in cite ... as identifier ['asin'] = true, ['ASIN'] = true, ['asin-tld'] = true, ['at'] = true, ['author'] = true, ['author-first'] = true, ['author-given'] = true, ['author-last'] = true, ['author-surname'] = true, ['authorlink'] = true, ['author-link'] = true, ['author-mask'] = true, ['bibcode'] = true, ['bibcode-access'] = true, ['biorxiv'] = true, -- cite biorxiv; here because allowed in cite ... as identifier ['chapter'] = true, ['chapter-format'] = true, ['chapter-url'] = true, ['chapter-url-access'] = true, ['citeseerx'] = false, -- cite citeseerx; here because allowed in cite ... as identifier ['collaboration'] = true, ['contribution'] = true, ['contribution-format'] = true, ['contribution-url'] = true, ['contribution-url-access'] = true, ['contributor'] = true, ['contributor-first'] = true, ['contributor-given'] = true, ['contributor-last'] = true, ['contributor-surname'] = true, ['contributor-link'] = true, ['contributor-mask'] = true, ['date'] = true, ['department'] = true, ['df'] = true, ['dictionary'] = true, ['display-authors'] = true, ['display-contributors'] = true, ['display-editors'] = true, ['display-interviewers'] = true, ['display-subjects'] = true, ['display-translators'] = true, ['doi'] = true, ['DOI'] = true, ['doi-access'] = true, ['doi-broken-date'] = true, ['edition'] = true, ['editor'] = true, ['editor-first'] = true, ['editor-given'] = true, ['editor-last'] = true, ['editor-surname'] = true, ['editor-link'] = true, ['editor-mask'] = true, ['eissn'] = true, ['EISSN'] = true, ['encyclopaedia'] = true, ['encyclopedia'] = true, ['entry'] = true, ['entry-format'] = true, ['entry-url'] = true, ['entry-url-access'] = true, ['eprint'] = true, -- cite arxiv; here because allowed in cite ... as identifier ['first'] = true, ['format'] = true, ['given'] = true, ['hdl'] = true, ['HDL'] = true, ['hdl-access'] = true, ['host'] = true, -- unique to certain templates? ['id'] = true, ['ID'] = true, ['institution'] = true, -- constrain to cite thesis? ['interviewer'] = true, ['interviewer-first'] = true, ['interviewer-given'] = true, ['interviewer-last'] = true, ['interviewer-surname'] = true, ['interviewer-link'] = true, ['interviewer-mask'] = true, ['isbn'] = true, ['ISBN'] = true, ['ismn'] = true, ['ISMN'] = true, ['issn'] = true, ['ISSN'] = true, ['issue'] = true, ['jfm'] = true, ['JFM'] = true, ['journal'] = true, ['jstor'] = true, ['JSTOR'] = true, ['jstor-access'] = true, ['lang'] = true, ['language'] = true, ['last'] = true, ['lccn'] = true, ['LCCN'] = true, ['location'] = true, ['magazine'] = true, ['medium'] = true, ['medrxiv'] = true, -- cite medrxiv; here because allowed in cite ... as identifier ['minutes'] = true, -- constrain to cite AV media and podcast? ['mode'] = true, ['mr'] = true, ['MR'] = true, ['name-list-style'] = true, ['newspaper'] = true, ['no-pp'] = true, ['no-tracking'] = true, ['number'] = true, ['oclc'] = true, ['OCLC'] = true, ['ol'] = true, ['OL'] = true, ['ol-access'] = true, ['orig-date'] = true, ['origyear'] = true, ['orig-year'] = true, ['osti'] = true, ['OSTI'] = true, ['osti-access'] = true, ['others'] = true, ['p'] = true, ['page'] = true, ['pages'] = true, ['periodical'] = true, ['place'] = true, ['pmc'] = true, ['PMC'] = true, ['pmc-embargo-date'] = true, ['pmid'] = true, ['PMID'] = true, ['postscript'] = true, ['pp'] = true, ['publication-date'] = true, ['publication-place'] = true, ['publisher'] = true, ['quotation'] = true, ['quote'] = true, ['quote-page'] = true, ['quote-pages'] = true, ['ref'] = true, ['rfc'] = true, ['RFC'] = true, ['sbn'] = true, ['SBN'] = true, ['scale'] = true, ['script-article'] = true, ['script-chapter'] = true, ['script-contribution'] = true, ['script-encyclopaedia'] = true, ['script-encyclopedia'] = true, ['script-entry'] = true, ['script-journal'] = true, ['script-magazine'] = true, ['script-newspaper'] = true, ['script-periodical'] = true, ['script-quote'] = true, ['script-section'] = true, ['script-title'] = true, ['script-website'] = true, ['script-work'] = true, ['section'] = true, ['section-format'] = true, ['section-url'] = true, ['section-url-access'] = true, ['series'] = true, ['ssrn'] = true, -- cite ssrn; these three here because allowed in cite ... as identifier ['SSRN'] = true, ['ssrn-access'] = true, ['subject'] = true, ['subject-first'] = true, ['subject-given'] = true, ['subject-last'] = true, ['subject-link'] = true, ['subject-mask'] = true, ['subject-surname'] = true, ['surname'] = true, ['s2cid'] = true, ['S2CID'] = true, ['s2cid-access'] = true, ['template-doc-demo'] = true, ['time'] = true, -- constrain to cite av media and podcast? ['time-caption'] = true, -- constrain to cite av media and podcast? ['title'] = true, ['title-link'] = true, ['title-note'] = true, ['translator'] = true, ['translator-first'] = true, ['translator-given'] = true, ['translator-last'] = true, ['translator-surname'] = true, ['translator-link'] = true, ['translator-mask'] = true, ['trans-article'] = true, ['trans-chapter'] = true, ['trans-contribution'] = true, ['trans-encyclopaedia'] = true, ['trans-encyclopedia'] = true, ['trans-entry'] = true, ['trans-journal'] = true, ['trans-magazine'] = true, ['trans-newspaper'] = true, ['trans-periodical'] = true, ['trans-quote'] = true, ['trans-section'] = true, ['trans-title'] = true, ['trans-website'] = true, ['trans-work'] = true, ['type'] = true, ['url'] = true, ['URL'] = true, ['url-access'] = true, ['url-status'] = true, ['vauthors'] = true, ['veditors'] = true, ['version'] = true, ['via'] = true, ['volume'] = true, ['website'] = true, ['work'] = true, ['year'] = true, ['zbl'] = true, ['ZBL'] = true, } local numbered_arguments_t = { ['author#'] = true, ['author-first#'] = true, ['author#-first'] = true, ['author-given#'] = true, ['author#-given'] = true, ['author-last#'] = true, ['author#-last'] = true, ['author-surname#'] = true, ['author#-surname'] = true, ['author-link#'] = true, ['author#-link'] = true, ['authorlink#'] = true, ['author#link'] = true, ['author-mask#'] = true, ['author#-mask'] = true, ['contributor#'] = true, ['contributor-first#'] = true, ['contributor#-first'] = true, ['contributor-given#'] = true, ['contributor#-given'] = true, ['contributor-last#'] = true, ['contributor#-last'] = true, ['contributor-surname#'] = true, ['contributor#-surname'] = true, ['contributor-link#'] = true, ['contributor#-link'] = true, ['contributor-mask#'] = true, ['contributor#-mask'] = true, ['editor#'] = true, ['editor-first#'] = true, ['editor#-first'] = true, ['editor-given#'] = true, ['editor#-given'] = true, ['editor-last#'] = true, ['editor#-last'] = true, ['editor-surname#'] = true, ['editor#-surname'] = true, ['editor-link#'] = true, ['editor#-link'] = true, ['editor-mask#'] = true, ['editor#-mask'] = true, ['first#'] = true, ['given#'] = true, ['host#'] = true, ['interviewer#'] = true, ['interviewer-first#'] = true, ['interviewer#-first'] = true, ['interviewer-given#'] = true, ['interviewer#-given'] = true, ['interviewer-last#'] = true, ['interviewer#-last'] = true, ['interviewer-surname#'] = true, ['interviewer#-surname'] = true, ['interviewer-link#'] = true, ['interviewer#-link'] = true, ['interviewer-mask#'] = true, ['interviewer#-mask'] = true, ['last#'] = true, ['subject#'] = true, ['subject-first#'] = true, ['subject#-first'] = true, ['subject-given#'] = true, ['subject#-given'] = true, ['subject-last#'] = true, ['subject#-last'] = true, ['subject-link#'] = true, ['subject#-link'] = true, ['subject-mask#'] = true, ['subject#-mask'] = true, ['subject-surname#'] = true, ['subject#-surname'] = true, ['surname#'] = true, ['translator#'] = true, ['translator-first#'] = true, ['translator#-first'] = true, ['translator-given#'] = true, ['translator#-given'] = true, ['translator-last#'] = true, ['translator#-last'] = true, ['translator-surname#'] = true, ['translator#-surname'] = true, ['translator-link#'] = true, ['translator#-link'] = true, ['translator-mask#'] = true, ['translator#-mask'] = true, } --[[--------------------------< P R E P R I N T S U P P O R T E D P A R A M E T E R S >-------------------- Cite arXiv, cite biorxiv, cite citeseerx, cite medrxiv, and cite ssrn are preprint templates that use the limited set of parameters defined in the limited_basic_arguments and limited_numbered_arguments tables. Those lists are supplemented with a template-specific list of parameters that are required by the particular template and may be exclusive to one of the preprint templates. Some of these parameters may also be available to the general cs1|2 templates. Same conventions for true/false/tracked/nil as above. ]] local preprint_arguments_t = { arxiv = { ['arxiv'] = true, -- cite arxiv and arxiv identifiers ['class'] = true, ['eprint'] = true, -- cite arxiv and arxiv identifiers }, biorxiv = { ['biorxiv'] = true, }, citeseerx = { ['citeseerx'] = false, }, medrxiv = { ['medrxiv'] = true, }, ssrn = { ['ssrn'] = true, ['SSRN'] = true, ['ssrn-access'] = true, }, } --[[--------------------------< L I M I T E D S U P P O R T E D P A R A M E T E R S >---------------------- cite arxiv, cite biorxiv, cite citeseerx, cite medrxiv, and cite ssrn templates are preprint templates so are allowed only a limited subset of parameters allowed to all other cs1|2 templates. The limited subset is defined here. This list of parameters also used by {{cite document}} Same conventions for true/false/tracked/nil as above. ]] local limited_basic_arguments_t = { ['at'] = true, ['author'] = true, ['author-first'] = true, ['author-given'] = true, ['author-last'] = true, ['author-surname'] = true, ['author-link'] = true, ['authorlink'] = true, ['author-mask'] = true, ['collaboration'] = true, ['date'] = true, ['df'] = true, ['display-authors'] = true, ['first'] = true, ['given'] = true, ['language'] = true, ['last'] = true, ['mode'] = true, ['name-list-style'] = true, ['no-tracking'] = true, ['p'] = true, ['page'] = true, ['pages'] = true, ['postscript'] = true, ['pp'] = true, ['quotation'] = true, ['quote'] = true, ['ref'] = true, ['surname'] = true, ['template-doc-demo'] = true, ['title'] = true, ['trans-title'] = true, ['vauthors'] = true, ['year'] = true, } local limited_numbered_arguments_t = { ['author#'] = true, ['author-first#'] = true, ['author#-first'] = true, ['author-given#'] = true, ['author#-given'] = true, ['author-last#'] = true, ['author#-last'] = true, ['author-surname#'] = true, ['author#-surname'] = true, ['author-link#'] = true, ['author#-link'] = true, ['authorlink#'] = true, ['author#link'] = true, ['author-mask#'] = true, ['author#-mask'] = true, ['first#'] = true, ['given#'] = true, ['last#'] = true, ['surname#'] = true, } --[[--------------------------< U N I Q U E _ A R G U M E N T S >---------------------------------------------- Some templates have unique parameters. Those templates and their unique parameters are listed here. Keys in this table are the template's CitationClass parameter value Same conventions for true/false/tracked/nil as above. ]] local unique_arguments_t = { ['audio-visual'] = { ['people'] = true, ['transcript'] = true, ['transcript-format'] = true, ['transcript-url'] = true, }, conference = { ['book-title'] = true, ['conference'] = true, ['conference-format'] = true, ['conference-url'] = true, ['event'] = true, }, episode = { ['airdate'] = true, ['air-date'] = true, ['credits'] = true, ['episode-link'] = true, -- alias of |title-link= ['network'] = true, ['people'] = true, ['season'] = true, ['series-link'] = true, ['series-no'] = true, ['series-number'] = true, ['station'] = true, ['transcript'] = true, ['transcript-format'] = true, ['transcript-url'] = true, }, mailinglist = { ['mailing-list'] = true, }, map = { ['cartography'] = true, ['inset'] = true, ['map'] = true, ['map-format'] = true, ['map-url'] = true, ['map-url-access'] = true, ['script-map'] = true, ['sections'] = true, ['sheet'] = true, ['sheets'] = true, ['trans-map'] = true, }, newsgroup = { ['message-id'] = true, ['newsgroup'] = true, }, report = { ['docket'] = true, }, serial = { ['airdate'] = true, ['air-date'] = true, ['credits'] = true, ['episode'] = true, -- cite serial only TODO: make available to cite episode? ['episode-link'] = true, -- alias of |title-link= ['network'] = true, ['people'] = true, ['series-link'] = true, ['station'] = true, }, speech = { ['conference'] = true, ['conference-format'] = true, ['conference-url'] = true, ['event'] = true, }, thesis = { ['degree'] = true, ['docket'] = true, }, } --[[--------------------------< C I T E _ D O C U M E N T >---------------------------------------------------- Special case for cite document. This template takes the limited basic and limited enumerated parameters plus others that are apply only to standalone published sources that cannot be cited any other way; no url, book, periodical, etc parameters; limited support for name lists and named identifiers. when validating parameters in {{cite document}} templates, the basic and ]] local document_arguments_t = { ['bibcode'] = true, ['bibcode-access'] = true, ['doi'] = true, ['DOI'] = true, ['doi-access'] = true, ['doi-broken-date'] = true, ['hdl'] = true, ['HDL'] = true, ['hdl-access'] = true, ['id'] = true, ['ID'] = true, ['jfm'] = true, ['JFM'] = true, ['lang'] = true, ['location'] = true, ['mr'] = true, ['MR'] = true, ['no-pp'] = true, ['orig-date'] = true, ['origyear'] = true, ['orig-year'] = true, ['osti'] = true, ['OSTI'] = true, ['osti-access'] = true, ['place'] = true, ['publisher'] = true, ['quote-page'] = true, ['quote-pages'] = true, ['script-quote'] = true, ['script-title'] = true, ['title-link'] = true, ['translator'] = true, ['translator-first'] = true, ['translator-given'] = true, ['translator-last'] = true, ['translator-surname'] = true, ['translator-link'] = true, ['translator-mask'] = true, ['trans-quote'] = true, ['type'] = true, ['zbl'] = true, ['ZBL'] = true, } local document_numbered_arguments_t = { ['translator#'] = true, ['translator-first#'] = true, ['translator#-first'] = true, ['translator-given#'] = true, ['translator#-given'] = true, ['translator-last#'] = true, ['translator#-last'] = true, ['translator-surname#'] = true, ['translator#-surname'] = true, ['translator-link#'] = true, ['translator#-link'] = true, ['translator-mask#'] = true, ['translator#-mask'] = true, } --[[--------------------------< L I S T _ C O M B I N E >------------------------------------------------------ makes one table from a list of tables. <lists_t> is a sequence of tables to be combined ]] local function list_combine (lists_t) local out_t = {}; for _, list_t in ipairs (lists_t) do -- for each list in <lists_t> for k, v in pairs (list_t) do -- extract each k/v pair out_t[k] = v; -- add to <out_t> end end return out_t; -- and done end --[[--------------------------< T E M P L A T E _ L I S T _ G E T >-------------------------------------------- gets a list of the templates from table t ]] local function template_list_get (t) local out_t = {}; -- a table for output for k, _ in pairs (t) do -- spin through the table and collect the keys table.insert (out_t, k) -- add each key to the output table end return out_t; -- and done end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D T A B L E S >------------------------------------------------ ]] return { preprint_arguments_t = preprint_arguments_t, preprint_template_list_t = template_list_get (preprint_arguments_t), -- make a template list from preprint_arguments{} table unique_arguments_t = unique_arguments_t, unique_param_template_list_t = template_list_get (unique_arguments_t), -- make a template list from unique_arguments{} table document_parameters_t = list_combine ({limited_basic_arguments_t, limited_numbered_arguments_t, document_arguments_t, document_numbered_arguments_t}); common_parameters_t = list_combine ({basic_arguments_t, numbered_arguments_t}); limited_parameters_t = list_combine ({limited_basic_arguments_t, limited_numbered_arguments_t}); }; 1livvij6p41ygpz0myvp2ov8j5lfzcj 828 6304 366690 352562 2026-08-08T13:56:49Z en>Trappist the monk 0 synch from sandbox; 366690 Scribunto text/plain --[[--------------------------< F O R W A R D D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------------- ]] local add_prop_cat, is_set, in_array, set_message, substitute, wrap_style; -- imported functions from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities local cfg; -- table of tables imported from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration --[[--------------------------< F I L E - S C O P E D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------- File-scope variables are declared here ]] local lang_obj = mw.getContentLanguage(); -- used by is_valid_accessdate(), is_valid_year(), date_name_xlate(); local year_limit; -- used by is_valid_year() --[=[-------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ A C C E S S D A T E >---------------------------------------- returns true if: Wikipedia start date <= accessdate < today + 2 days Wikipedia start date is 2001-01-15T00:00:00 UTC which is 979516800 seconds after 1970-01-01T00:00:00 UTC (the start of Unix time) accessdate is the date provided in |access-date= at time 00:00:00 UTC today is the current date at time 00:00:00 UTC plus 48 hours if today is 2015-01-01T00:00:00 then adding 24 hours gives 2015-01-02T00:00:00 – one second more than today adding 24 hours gives 2015-01-03T00:00:00 – one second more than tomorrow This function does not work if it is fed month names for languages other than English. Wikimedia #time: parser apparently doesn't understand non-English date month names. This function will always return false when the date contains a non-English month name because good1 is false after the call to lang.formatDate(). To get around that call this function with YYYY-MM-DD format dates. ]=] local function is_valid_accessdate (accessdate) local good1, good2; local access_ts, tomorrow_ts; -- to hold Unix time stamps representing the dates good1, access_ts = pcall (lang_obj.formatDate, lang_obj, 'U', accessdate ); -- convert accessdate value to Unix timestamp good2, tomorrow_ts = pcall (lang_obj.formatDate, lang_obj, 'U', 'today + 2 days' ); -- today midnight + 2 days is one second more than all day tomorrow if good1 and good2 then -- lang.formatDate() returns a timestamp in the local script which which tonumber() may not understand access_ts = tonumber (access_ts) or lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber (access_ts); -- convert to numbers for the comparison; tomorrow_ts = tonumber (tomorrow_ts) or lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber (tomorrow_ts); else return false; -- one or both failed to convert to Unix time stamp end if 979516800 <= access_ts and access_ts < tomorrow_ts then -- Wikipedia start date <= accessdate < tomorrow's date return true; else return false; -- accessdate out of range end end --[[--------------------------< G E T _ M O N T H _ N U M B E R >---------------------------------------------- returns a number according to the month in a date: 1 for January, etc. Capitalization and spelling must be correct. If not a valid month, returns 0 ]] local function get_month_number (month) return cfg.date_names['local'].long[month] or cfg.date_names['local'].short[month] or -- look for local names first cfg.date_names['en'].long[month] or cfg.date_names['en'].short[month] or -- failing that, look for English names 0; -- not a recognized month name end --[[--------------------------< G E T _ S E A S O N _ N U M B E R >-------------------------------------------- returns a number according to the sequence of seasons in a year: 21 for Spring, etc. Capitalization and spelling must be correct. If not a valid season, returns 0. 21-24 = Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter, independent of “Hemisphere” returns 0 when <param> is not |date= Season numbering is defined by Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) specification (https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/) which became part of ISO 8601 in 2019. See '§Sub-year groupings'. The standard defines various divisions using numbers 21-41. cs1|2 only supports generic seasons. EDTF does support the distinction between north and south hemisphere seasons but cs1|2 has no way to make that distinction. These additional divisions not currently supported: 25-28 = Spring - Northern Hemisphere, Summer- Northern Hemisphere, Autumn - Northern Hemisphere, Winter - Northern Hemisphere 29-32 = Spring – Southern Hemisphere, Summer– Southern Hemisphere, Autumn – Southern Hemisphere, Winter - Southern Hemisphere 33-36 = Quarter 1, Quarter 2, Quarter 3, Quarter 4 (3 months each) 37-39 = Quadrimester 1, Quadrimester 2, Quadrimester 3 (4 months each) 40-41 = Semestral 1, Semestral-2 (6 months each) ]] local function get_season_number (season, param) if 'date' ~= param then return 0; -- season dates only supported by |date= end return cfg.date_names['local'].season[season] or -- look for local names first cfg.date_names['en'].season[season] or -- failing that, look for English names 0; -- not a recognized season name end --[[--------------------------< G E T _ Q U A R T E R _ N U M B E R >------------------------------------------ returns a number according to the sequence of quarters in a year: 33 for first quarter, etc. Capitalization and spelling must be correct. If not a valid quarter, returns 0. 33-36 = Quarter 1, Quarter 2, Quarter 3, Quarter 4 (3 months each) returns 0 when <param> is not |date= Quarter numbering is defined by Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) specification (https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/) which became part of ISO 8601 in 2019. See '§Sub-year groupings'. The standard defines various divisions using numbers 21-41. cs1|2 only supports generic seasons and quarters. These additional divisions not currently supported: 37-39 = Quadrimester 1, Quadrimester 2, Quadrimester 3 (4 months each) 40-41 = Semestral 1, Semestral-2 (6 months each) ]] local function get_quarter_number (quarter, param) if 'date' ~= param then return 0; -- quarter dates only supported by |date= end quarter = mw.ustring.gsub (quarter, ' +', ' '); -- special case replace multiple space chars with a single space char return cfg.date_names['local'].quarter[quarter] or -- look for local names first cfg.date_names['en'].quarter[quarter] or -- failing that, look for English names 0; -- not a recognized quarter name end --[[--------------------------< G E T _ P R O P E R _ N A M E _ N U M B E R >---------------------------------- returns a non-zero number if date contains a recognized proper-name. Capitalization and spelling must be correct. returns 0 when <param> is not |date= ]] local function get_proper_name_number (name, param) if 'date' ~= param then return 0; -- proper-name dates only supported by |date= end return cfg.date_names['local'].named[name] or -- look for local names dates first cfg.date_names['en'].named[name] or -- failing that, look for English names 0; -- not a recognized named date end --[[--------------------------< G E T _ E L E M E N T _ N U M B E R <------------------------------------------ returns true if month or season or quarter or proper name is valid (properly spelled, capitalized, abbreviated) ]] local function get_element_number (element, param) local num; local funcs = {get_month_number, get_season_number, get_quarter_number, get_proper_name_number}; -- list of functions to execute in order for _, func in ipairs (funcs) do -- spin through the function list num = func (element, param); -- call the function and get the returned number if 0 ~= num then -- non-zero when valid month season quarter return num; -- return that number end end return nil; -- not valid end --[[--------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ Y E A R >---------------------------------------------------- Function gets current year from the server and compares it to year from a citation parameter. Years more than one year in the future are not acceptable. Special case for |pmc-embargo-date=: years more than two years in the future are not acceptable ]] local function is_valid_year (year, param) if not is_set (year_limit) then year_limit = tonumber(os.date("%Y"))+1; -- global variable so we only have to fetch it once end year = tonumber (year) or lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber (year); -- convert to number for the comparison if year and (100 > year) then -- years less than 100 not supported return false; end if 'pmc-embargo-date' == param then -- special case for |pmc-embargo-date= return year and (year <= tonumber(os.date("%Y"))+2) or false; -- years more than two years in the future are not accepted end return year and (year <= year_limit) or false; end --[[--------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ D A T E >---------------------------------------------------- Returns true if day is less than or equal to the number of days in month and year is no farther into the future than next year; else returns false. Assumes Julian calendar prior to year 1582 and Gregorian calendar thereafter. Accounts for Julian calendar leap years before 1582 and Gregorian leap years after 1582. Where the two calendars overlap (1582 to approximately 1923) dates are assumed to be Gregorian. ]] local function is_valid_date (year, month, day, param) local days_in_month = {31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31}; local month_length; if not is_valid_year (year, param) then -- no farther into the future than next year except |pmc-embargo-date= no more than two years in the future return false; end month = tonumber (month); -- required for YYYY-MM-DD dates if (2 == month) then -- if February month_length = 28; -- then 28 days unless if 1582 > tonumber(year) then -- Julian calendar if 0 == (year%4) then -- is a leap year? month_length = 29; -- if leap year then 29 days in February end else -- Gregorian calendar if (0 == (year%4) and (0 ~= (year%100) or 0 == (year%400))) then -- is a leap year? month_length = 29; -- if leap year then 29 days in February end end else month_length = days_in_month[month] or 0; -- invalid month number is nil so default <month_length> to 0 end if tonumber (day) > month_length then return false; end return true; end --[[--------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ M O N T H _ R A N G E _ S T Y L E >-------------------------- Months in a range are expected to have the same style: Jan–Mar or October–December but not February–Mar or Jul–August. This function looks in cfg.date_names{} to see if both month names are listed in the long subtable or both are listed in the short subtable. When both have the same style (both are listed in the same table), returns true; false else ]] local function is_valid_month_range_style (month1, month2) if (cfg.date_names.en.long[month1] and cfg.date_names.en.long[month2]) or -- are both English names listed in the long subtable? (cfg.date_names.en.short[month1] and cfg.date_names.en.short[month2]) or -- are both English names listed in the short subtable? (cfg.date_names['local'].long[month1] and cfg.date_names['local'].long[month2]) or -- are both local names listed in the long subtable? (cfg.date_names['local'].short[month1] and cfg.date_names['local'].short[month2]) then -- are both local names listed in the short subtable? return true; end return false; -- names are mixed end --[[--------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ M O N T H _ S E A S O N _ R A N G E >------------------------ Check a pair of months or seasons to see if both are valid members of a month or season pair. Month pairs are expected to be left to right, earliest to latest in time. All season ranges are accepted as valid because there are publishers out there who have published a Summer–Spring YYYY issue, hence treat as ok ]] local function is_valid_month_season_range(range_start, range_end, param) local range_start_number = get_month_number (range_start); local range_end_number; if 0 == range_start_number then -- is this a month range? range_start_number = get_season_number (range_start, param); -- not a month; is it a season? get start season number range_end_number = get_season_number (range_end, param); -- get end season number if (0 ~= range_start_number) and (0 ~= range_end_number) and (range_start_number ~= range_end_number) then return true; -- any season pairing is accepted except when both are the same end return false; -- range_start and/or range_end is not a season end -- here when range_start is a month range_end_number = get_month_number (range_end); -- get end month number if range_start_number < range_end_number and -- range_start is a month; does range_start precede range_end? is_valid_month_range_style (range_start, range_end) then -- do months have the same style? return true; -- proper order and same style end return false; -- range_start month number is greater than or equal to range end number; or range end isn't a month end --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ C O I N S _ D A T E >------------------------------------------------ This function receives a table of date parts for one or two dates and an empty table reference declared in Module:Citation/CS1. The function is called only for |date= parameters and only if the |date=<value> is determined to be a valid date format. The question of what to do with invalid date formats is not answered here. The date parts in the input table are converted to an ISO 8601 conforming date string: single whole dates: yyyy-mm-dd month and year dates: yyyy-mm year dates: yyyy ranges: yyyy-mm-dd/yyyy-mm-dd yyyy-mm/yyyy-mm yyyy/yyyy Dates in the Julian calendar are reduced to year or year/year so that we don't have to do calendar conversion from Julian to Proleptic Gregorian. The input table has: year, year2 – always present; if before 1582, ignore months and days if present month, month2 – 0 if not provided, 1-12 for months, 21-24 for seasons; 99 Christmas day, day2 – 0 if not provided, 1-31 for days the output table receives: rftdate: an ISO 8601 formatted date rftchron: a free-form version of the date, usually without year which is in rftdate (season ranges and proper-name dates) rftssn: one of four season keywords: winter, spring, summer, fall (lowercase) rftquarter: one of four values: 1, 2, 3, 4 ]] local function make_COinS_date (input, COinS_date_t) local date; -- one date or first date in a range local date2 = ''; -- end of range date input.year = tonumber (input.year) or lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber (input.year); -- language-aware tonumber() input.year2 = tonumber (input.year2) or lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber (input.year2); -- COinS dates are pseudo-ISO 8601 so convert to Arabic numerals if ((1582 == input.year) and (10 > tonumber(input.month))) or (1582 > input.year) then -- if a Julian calendar date COinS_date_t.rftdate = tostring (input.year); -- &rft.date gets year only return; -- done end -- here for all forms of Gregorian dates if 20 < tonumber (input.month) then -- if season, quarter, or proper-name date date = input.year; -- &rft.date gets year only if 0 ~= input.year2 and input.year ~= input.year2 then -- if a range, only the second year portion when not the same as range start year date = string.format ('%.4d/%.4d', input.year, input.year2) -- assemble the date range end local season = {[24] = 'winter', [21] = 'spring', [22] = 'summer', [23] = 'fall', [33] = '1', [34] = '2', [35] = '3', [36] = '4', [98] = 'Easter', [99] = 'Christmas'}; -- seasons lowercase, no autumn; proper-names use title case if 0 == input.month2 then -- single season, quarter, or proper-name date if 40 < tonumber(input.month) then COinS_date_t.rftchron = season[input.month]; -- proper-name date; used in journal metadata only elseif 30 < tonumber(input.month) then COinS_date_t.rftquarter = season[input.month]; -- quarter date; used in journal metadata only else COinS_date_t.rftssn = season[input.month]; -- season date; used in journal metadata only end else -- season ranges are lumped into &rft.chron; &rft.ssn and &rft.quarter are left blank if input.year ~= input.year2 then -- season year – season year range or season year–year if 0 ~= input.month2 then COinS_date_t.rftchron = string.format ('%s %s – %s %s', season[input.month], input.year, season[input.month2], input.year2); -- used in journal metadata only end else -- season–season year range COinS_date_t.rftchron = season[input.month] .. '–' .. season[input.month2]; -- season–season year range; used in journal metadata only end end COinS_date_t.rftdate = tostring (date); return; -- done end -- here for gregorian calendar dates if 0 ~= input.day then date = string.format ('%s-%.2d-%.2d', input.year, tonumber(input.month), tonumber(input.day)); -- whole date elseif 0 ~= input.month then date = string.format ('%s-%.2d', input.year, tonumber(input.month)); -- year and month else date = string.format ('%s', input.year); -- just year end if 0 ~= input.year2 then if 0 ~= input.day2 then date2 = string.format ('/%s-%.2d-%.2d', input.year2, tonumber(input.month2), tonumber(input.day2)); -- whole date elseif 0 ~= input.month2 then date2 = string.format ('/%s-%.2d', input.year2, tonumber(input.month2)); -- year and month else date2 = string.format ('/%s', input.year2); -- just year end end COinS_date_t.rftdate = date .. date2; -- date2 has the '/' separator return; end --[[--------------------------< P A T T E R N S _ T >---------------------------------------------------------- this is the list of patterns for date formats that this module recognizes. Approximately the first half of these patterns represent formats that might be reformatted into another format. Those that might be reformatted have 'indicator' letters that identify the content of the matching capture: 'd' (day), 'm' (month), 'a' (anchor year), 'y' (year); second day, month, year have a '2' suffix. These patterns are used for both date validation and for reformatting. This table should not be moved to ~/Configuration because changes to this table require changes to check_date() and to reformatter() and reformat_date() ]] local patterns_t = { -- year-initial numerical year-month-day ['ymd'] = {'^([1-9]%d%d%d)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d)$', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- month-initial: month day, year ['Mdy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'd', 'a', 'y'}, -- month-initial day range: month day–day, year; days are separated by endash ['Md-dy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?)[%-–]([1-9]%d?), +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'd', 'd2', 'a', 'y'}, -- day-initial: day month year ['dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'd', 'm', 'a', 'y'}, -- year-initial: year month day; day: 1 or 2 two digits, leading zero allowed; not supported at en.wiki -- ['yMd'] = {'^(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?) +(%D-) +(%d%d?)$', 'a', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- day-range-initial: day–day month year; days are separated by endash ['d-dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?)[%-–]([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'd', 'd2', 'm', 'a', 'y'}, -- day initial month-day-range: day month - day month year; uses spaced endash ['dM-dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +[%-–] +([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'd', 'm', 'd2', 'm2', 'a', 'y'}, -- month initial month-day-range: month day – month day, year; uses spaced endash ['Md-Mdy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?) +[%-–] +(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$','m', 'd', 'm2', 'd2', 'a', 'y'}, -- day initial month-day-year-range: day month year - day month year; uses spaced endash ['dMy-dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +([1-9]%d%d%d?) +[%-–] +([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'd', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'a', 'y2'}, -- month initial month-day-year-range: month day, year – month day, year; uses spaced endash ['Mdy-Mdy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +([1-9]%d%d%d?) +[%-–] +(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'd', 'y', 'm2', 'd2', 'a', 'y2'}, -- these date formats cannot be converted, per se, but month name can be rendered short or long -- month/season year - month/season year; separated by spaced endash ['My-My'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d%d%d?) +[%-–] +(%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'y', 'm2', 'a', 'y2'}, -- month/season range year; months separated by endash ['M-My'] = {'^(%D-)[%-–](%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'm2', 'a', 'y'}, -- month/season year or proper-name year; quarter year when First Quarter YYYY etc. ['My'] = {'^([^%d–]-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'a', 'y'}, -- this way because endash is a member of %D; %D- will match January–March 2019 when it shouldn't -- these date formats cannot be converted ['Sy4-y2'] = {'^(%D-) +(([1-9]%d)%d%d)[%-–]((%d%d)%l?)$'}, -- special case Winter/Summer year-year (YYYY-YY); year separated with unspaced endash ['Sy-y'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d%d%d?)[%-–](([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$'}, -- special case Winter/Summer year-year; year separated with unspaced endash ['y-y'] = {'^([1-9]%d%d%d?)[%-–](([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$'}, -- year range: YYY-YYY or YYY-YYYY or YYYY–YYYY; separated by unspaced endash; 100-9999 ['y4-y2'] = {'^(([1-9]%d)%d%d)[%-–]((%d%d)%l?)$'}, -- year range: YYYY–YY; separated by unspaced endash ['y'] = {'^(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$'}, -- year; here accept either YYY or YYYY -- these date formats cannot be converted ['n.d.'] = {'^((n%.d%.)%l?)$'}, -- no date with dots ['nd'] = {'^((nd)%l?)$'}, -- no date } --[[--------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ E M B A R G O _ D A T E >------------------------------------ returns true and date value if that value has proper dmy, mdy, ymd format. returns false and 9999 (embargoed forever) when date value is not proper format; assumes that when |pmc-embargo-date= is set, the editor intended to embargo a PMC but |pmc-embargo-date= does not hold a single date. ]] local function is_valid_embargo_date (v) if v:match (patterns_t['ymd'][1]) or -- ymd v:match (patterns_t['Mdy'][1]) or -- dmy v:match (patterns_t['dMy'][1]) then -- mdy return true, v; end return false, '9999'; -- if here not good date so return false and set embargo date to long time in future end --[[--------------------------< C H E C K _ D A T E >---------------------------------------------------------- Check date format to see that it is one of the formats approved by WP:DATESNO or WP:DATERANGE. Exception: only allowed range separator is endash. Additionally, check the date to see that it is a real date: no 31 in 30-day months; no 29 February when not a leap year. Months, both long-form and three character abbreviations, and seasons must be spelled correctly. Future years beyond next year are not allowed. If the date fails the format tests, this function returns false and does not return values for anchor_year and COinS_date. When this happens, the date parameter is (DEBUG: not?) used in the COinS metadata and the CITEREF identifier gets its year from the year parameter if present otherwise CITEREF does not get a date value. Inputs: date_string - date string from date-holding parameters (date, year, publication-date, access-date, pmc-embargo-date, archive-date, lay-date) Returns: false if date string is not a real date; else true, anchor_year, COinS_date anchor_year can be used in CITEREF anchors COinS_date is ISO 8601 format date; see make_COInS_date() ]] local function check_date (date_string, param, COinS_date_t) local year; -- assume that year2, months, and days are not used; local year2 = 0; -- second year in a year range local month = 0; local month2 = 0; -- second month in a month range local day = 0; local day2 = 0; -- second day in a day range local anchor_year; -- local coins_date; if date_string:match (patterns_t['ymd'][1]) then -- year-initial numerical year month day format year, month, day = date_string:match (patterns_t['ymd'][1]); if 12 < tonumber(month) or 1 > tonumber(month) or 1582 > tonumber(year) or 0 == tonumber(day) then return false; end -- month or day number not valid or not Gregorian calendar anchor_year = year; elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Mdy'][1]) then -- month-initial: month day, year month, day, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Mdy'][1]); month = get_month_number (month); if 0 == month then return false; end -- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Md-dy'][1]) then -- month-initial day range: month day–day, year; days are separated by endash month, day, day2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Md-dy'][1]); if tonumber(day) >= tonumber(day2) then return false; end -- date range order is left to right: earlier to later; dates may not be the same; month = get_month_number (month); if 0 == month then return false; end -- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months month2=month; -- for metadata year2 = year; elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dMy'][1]) then -- day-initial: day month year day, month, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dMy'][1]); month = get_month_number (month); if 0 == month then return false; end -- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months --[[ NOT supported at en.wiki elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['yMd'][1]) then -- year-initial: year month day; day: 1 or 2 two digits, leading zero allowed anchor_year, year, month, day = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['yMd'][1]); month = get_month_number (month); if 0 == month then return false; end -- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months -- end NOT supported at en.wiki ]] elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['d-dMy'][1]) then -- day-range-initial: day–day month year; days are separated by endash day, day2, month, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['d-dMy'][1]); if tonumber(day) >= tonumber(day2) then return false; end -- date range order is left to right: earlier to later; dates may not be the same; month = get_month_number (month); if 0 == month then return false; end -- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months month2 = month; -- for metadata year2 = year; elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dM-dMy'][1]) then -- day initial month-day-range: day month - day month year; uses spaced endash day, month, day2, month2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dM-dMy'][1]); if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2)) or not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end -- date range order is left to right: earlier to later; month = get_month_number (month); -- for metadata month2 = get_month_number (month2); year2 = year; elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Md-Mdy'][1]) then -- month initial month-day-range: month day – month day, year; uses spaced endash month, day, month2, day2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Md-Mdy'][1]); if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2, param)) or not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end month = get_month_number (month); -- for metadata month2 = get_month_number (month2); year2 = year; elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dMy-dMy'][1]) then -- day initial month-day-year-range: day month year - day month year; uses spaced endash day, month, year, day2, month2, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dMy-dMy'][1]); if tonumber(year2) <= tonumber(year) then return false; end -- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later if not is_valid_year(year2) or not is_valid_month_range_style(month, month2) then return false; end -- year2 no more than one year in the future; months same style month = get_month_number (month); -- for metadata month2 = get_month_number (month2); if 0 == month or 0 == month2 then return false; end -- both must be valid elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Mdy-Mdy'][1]) then -- month initial month-day-year-range: month day, year – month day, year; uses spaced endash month, day, year, month2, day2, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Mdy-Mdy'][1]); if tonumber(year2) <= tonumber(year) then return false; end -- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later if not is_valid_year(year2) or not is_valid_month_range_style(month, month2) then return false; end -- year2 no more than one year in the future; months same style month = get_month_number (month); -- for metadata month2 = get_month_number(month2); if 0 == month or 0 == month2 then return false; end -- both must be valid elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Sy4-y2'][1]) then -- special case Winter/Summer year-year (YYYY-YY); year separated with unspaced endash local century; month, year, century, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Sy4-y2'][1]); if 'Winter' ~= month and 'Summer' ~= month then return false end; -- 'month' can only be Winter or Summer anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year; -- assemble anchor_year from both years year2 = century..year2; -- add the century to year2 for comparisons if 1 ~= tonumber(year2) - tonumber(year) then return false; end -- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end -- no year farther in the future than next year month = get_season_number(month, param); elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Sy-y'][1]) then -- special case Winter/Summer year-year; year separated with unspaced endash month, year, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Sy-y'][1]); month = get_season_number (month, param); -- <month> can only be winter or summer; also for metadata if (month ~= cfg.date_names['en'].season['Winter']) and (month ~= cfg.date_names['en'].season['Summer']) then return false; -- not Summer or Winter; abandon end anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year; -- assemble anchor_year from both years if 1 ~= tonumber(year2) - tonumber(year) then return false; end -- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end -- no year farther in the future than next year elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['My-My'][1]) then -- month/season year - month/season year; separated by spaced endash month, year, month2, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['My-My'][1]); anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year; -- assemble anchor_year from both years if tonumber(year) >= tonumber(year2) then return false; end -- left to right, earlier to later, not the same if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end -- no year farther in the future than next year if 0 ~= get_month_number(month) and 0 ~= get_month_number(month2) and is_valid_month_range_style(month, month2) then -- both must be month year, same month style month = get_month_number(month); month2 = get_month_number(month2); elseif 0 ~= get_season_number(month, param) and 0 ~= get_season_number(month2, param) then -- both must be season year, not mixed month = get_season_number(month, param); month2 = get_season_number(month2, param); else return false; end elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['M-My'][1]) then -- month/season range year; months separated by endash month, month2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['M-My'][1]); if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2, param)) or (not is_valid_year(year)) then return false; end if 0 ~= get_month_number(month) then -- determined to be a valid range so just check this one to know if month or season month = get_month_number(month); month2 = get_month_number(month2); if 0 == month or 0 == month2 then return false; end else month = get_season_number(month, param); month2 = get_season_number(month2, param); end year2 = year; elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['My'][1]) then -- month/season/quarter/proper-name year month, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['My'][1]); if not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end month = get_element_number(month, param); -- get month season quarter proper-name number or nil if not month then return false; end -- not valid whatever it is elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y-y'][1]) then -- Year range: YYY-YYY or YYY-YYYY or YYYY–YYYY; separated by unspaced endash; 100-9999 year, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y-y'][1]); anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year; -- assemble anchor year from both years if tonumber(year) >= tonumber(year2) then return false; end -- left to right, earlier to later, not the same if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end -- no year farther in the future than next year elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y4-y2'][1]) then -- Year range: YYYY–YY; separated by unspaced endash local century; year, century, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y4-y2'][1]); anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year; -- assemble anchor year from both years if 13 > tonumber(year2) then return false; end -- don't allow 2003-05 which might be May 2003 year2 = century .. year2; -- add the century to year2 for comparisons if tonumber(year) >= tonumber(year2) then return false; end -- left to right, earlier to later, not the same if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end -- no year farther in the future than next year if in_array (param, {'date', 'publication-date', 'year'}) then -- here when 'valid' abbreviated year range; if one of these parameters add_prop_cat ('year-range-abbreviated'); -- add properties cat end elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y'][1]) then -- year; here accept either YYY or YYYY anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y'][1]); if false == is_valid_year(year) then return false; end else return false; -- date format not one of the MOS:DATE approved formats end if param ~= 'date' then -- CITEREF disambiguation only allowed in |date=; |year= & |publication-date= promote to date if anchor_year:match ('%l$') then return false; end end if 'access-date' == param then -- test access-date here because we have numerical date parts if 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and -- all parts of a single date required 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 == day2 then -- none of these; access-date must not be a range if not is_valid_accessdate(year .. '-' .. month .. '-' .. day) then return false; -- return false when access-date out of bounds end else return false; -- return false when access-date is a range of two dates end end if 'archive-date' == param then -- test archive-date here because we have numerical date parts if not (0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and -- all parts of a single date required 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 == day2) then -- none of these; archive-date must not be a range return false; -- return false when archive-date is a range of two dates end end local result=true; -- check whole dates for validity; assume true because not all dates will go through this test if 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 == day2 then -- YMD (simple whole date) result = is_valid_date (year, month, day, param); -- <param> for |pmc-embargo-date= elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 ~= day2 then -- YMD-d (day range) result = is_valid_date (year, month, day); result = result and is_valid_date (year, month, day2); elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 ~= month2 and 0 ~= day2 then -- YMD-md (day month range) result = is_valid_date (year, month, day); result = result and is_valid_date (year, month2, day2); elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 ~= year2 and 0 ~= month2 and 0 ~= day2 then -- YMD-ymd (day month year range) result = is_valid_date(year, month, day); result = result and is_valid_date(year2, month2, day2); end if false == result then return false; end if nil ~= COinS_date_t then -- this table only passed into this function when testing |date= parameter values make_COinS_date ({year = year, month = month, day = day, year2 = year2, month2 = month2, day2 = day2}, COinS_date_t); -- make an ISO 8601 date string for COinS end return true, anchor_year; -- format is good and date string represents a real date end --[[--------------------------< D A T E S >-------------------------------------------------------------------- Cycle the date-holding parameters in passed table date_parameters_list through check_date() to check compliance with MOS:DATE. For all valid dates, check_date() returns true. The |date= parameter test is unique, it is the only date holding parameter from which values for anchor_year (used in CITEREF identifiers) and COinS_date (used in the COinS metadata) are derived. The |date= parameter is the only date-holding parameter that is allowed to contain the no-date keywords "n.d." or "nd" (without quotes). Unlike most error messages created in this module, only one error message is created by this function. Because all of the date holding parameters are processed serially, parameters with errors are added to the <error_list> sequence table as the dates are tested. ]] local function dates(date_parameters_list, COinS_date_t, error_list) local anchor_year; -- will return as nil if the date being tested is not |date= local embargo_date; -- if embargo date is a good dmy, mdy, ymd date then holds original value else reset to 9999 local good_date; for k, v in pairs(date_parameters_list) do -- for each date-holding parameter in the list if is_set(v.val) then -- if the parameter has a value v.val = mw.ustring.gsub(v.val, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits); -- translate 'local' digits to Western 0-9 if v.val:match("^c%. [1-9]%d%d%d?%l?$") then -- special case for c. year or with or without CITEREF disambiguator - only |date= and |year= local year = v.val:match("c%. ([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?"); -- get the year portion so it can be tested if 'date' == k then anchor_year = v.val:match ('(c%. [1-9]%d%d%d?%l?)'); -- anchor year only from |date= parameter good_date = is_valid_year(year); elseif 'year' == k then good_date = is_valid_year(year); else good_date = false; end elseif 'date' == k then -- if the parameter is |date= if v.val:match (patterns_t['n.d.'][1]) then -- if |date=n.d. with or without a CITEREF disambiguator good_date, anchor_year = true, v.val:match (patterns_t['n.d.'][1]); -- "n.d."; no error when date parameter is set to no date elseif v.val:match (patterns_t.nd[1]) then -- if |date=nd with or without a CITEREF disambiguator good_date, anchor_year = true, v.val:match (patterns_t.nd[1]); -- "nd"; no error when date parameter is set to no date else good_date, anchor_year = check_date (v.val, k, COinS_date_t); -- go test the date end elseif 'year' == k then -- if the parameter is |year= it should hold only a year value if v.val:match("^[1-9]%d%d%d?%l?$") then -- if |year = 3 or 4 digits only with or without a CITEREF disambiguator good_date, anchor_year = true, v.val:match ("((%d+)%l?)"); else good_date = false; end elseif 'pmc-embargo-date' == k then -- if the parameter is |pmc-embargo-date= good_date = check_date (v.val, k); -- go test the date if true == good_date then -- if the date is a valid date good_date, embargo_date = is_valid_embargo_date (v.val); -- is |pmc-embargo-date= date a single dmy, mdy, or ymd formatted date? yes: returns embargo date; no: returns 9999 end else -- any other date-holding parameter good_date = check_date (v.val, k); -- go test the date end if false == good_date then -- assemble one error message so we don't add the tracking category multiple times table.insert (error_list, wrap_style ('parameter', v.name)); -- make parameter name suitable for error message list end end end return anchor_year, embargo_date; -- and done end --[[--------------------------< Y E A R _ C H E C K >---------------------------------------------------------- Temporary function to test |year= for acceptable values: YYY, YYYY, year-only ranges, their circa forms, with or without CITEREF disambiguators. When |year= holds some form of date that is not one of these year-only dates, emit a maintenance message. This function necessary because many non-cs1|2 templates have a |year= parameter so cirrus searches are more-or- less useless ]] local function year_check (year) year = year:gsub ('c%. *', ''); -- remove circa annotation (if present) before testing <year> for _, index in ipairs ({'y-y', 'y4-y2', 'y'}) do -- spin through these indexes into patterns_t if mw.ustring.match (year, patterns_t[index][1]) then return; -- if a match then |year= holds a valid 'year' end end set_message ('maint_year'); -- if here, |year= value is not an accepted value; add a maint cat end --[[--------------------------< Y E A R _ D A T E _ C H E C K >------------------------------------------------ Compare the value provided in |year= with the year value(s) provided in |date=. This function sets a local numeric value: 0 - year value does not match the year value in date 1 - (default) year value matches the year value in date or one of the year values when date contains two years 2 - year value matches the year value in date when date is in the form YYYY-MM-DD and year is disambiguated (|year=YYYYx) the numeric value in <result> determines the 'output' if any from this function: 0 – adds error message to error_list sequence table 1 – adds maint cat 2 – does nothing ]] local function year_date_check (year_string, year_origin, date_string, date_origin, error_list) local year; local date1; local date2; local result = 1; -- result of the test; assume that the test passes year = year_string:match ('(%d%d%d%d?)'); if date_string:match ('%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%-%d%d') then --special case where both date and year are required YYYY-MM-DD and YYYYx date1 = date_string:match ('(%d%d%d%d)'); year = year_string:match ('(%d%d%d%d)'); if year ~= date1 then result = 0; -- years don't match elseif year_string:match ('%d%d%d%d%a') then result = 2; -- years match; but because disambiguated, don't add to maint cat end elseif date_string:match ("%d%d%d%d?.-%d%d%d%d?") then -- any of the standard range formats of date with two three- or four-digit years date1, date2 = date_string:match ("(%d%d%d%d?).-(%d%d%d%d?)"); if year ~= date1 and year ~= date2 then result = 0; end elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, "%d%d%d%d[%-–]%d%d") then -- YYYY-YY date ranges local century; date1, century, date2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, "((%d%d)%d%d)[%-–]+(%d%d)"); date2 = century..date2; -- convert YY to YYYY if year ~= date1 and year ~= date2 then result = 0; end elseif date_string:match ("%d%d%d%d?") then -- any of the standard formats of date with one year date1 = date_string:match ("(%d%d%d%d?)"); if year ~= date1 then result = 0; end else -- should never get here; this function called only when no other date errors result = 0; -- no recognizable year in date end if 0 == result then -- year / date mismatch table.insert (error_list, substitute (cfg.messages['mismatch'], {year_origin, date_origin})); -- add error message to error_list sequence table elseif 1 == result then -- redundant year / date set_message ('maint_date_year'); -- add a maint cat end end --[[--------------------------< R E F O R M A T T E R >-------------------------------------------------------- reformat 'date' into new format specified by format_param if pattern_idx (the current format of 'date') can be reformatted. Does the grunt work for reformat_dates(). The table re_formats maps pattern_idx (current format) and format_param (desired format) to a table that holds: format string used by string.format() identifier letters ('d', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'y2') that serve as indexes into a table t{} that holds captures from mw.ustring.match() for the various date parts specified by patterns_t[pattern_idx][1] Items in patterns_t{} have the general form: ['ymd'] = {'^(%d%d%d%d)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d)$', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, where: ['ymd'] is pattern_idx patterns_t['ymd'][1] is the match pattern with captures for mw.ustring.match() patterns_t['ymd'][2] is an indicator letter identifying the content of the first capture patterns_t['ymd'][3] ... the second capture etc. when a pattern matches a date, the captures are loaded into table t{} in capture order using the idemtifier characters as indexes into t{} For the above, a ymd date is in t{} as: t.y = first capture (year), t.m = second capture (month), t.d = third capture (day) To reformat, this function is called with the pattern_idx that matches the current format of the date and with format_param set to the desired format. This function loads table t{} as described and then calls string.format() with the format string specified by re_format[pattern_idx][format_param][1] using values taken from t{} according to the capture identifier letters specified by patterns_t[pattern_idx][format_param][n] where n is 2.. ]] local re_formats = { ['ymd'] = { -- date format is ymd; reformat to: ['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'}, -- |df=mdy ['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'}, -- |df=dmy -- ['yMd'] = {'%s %s %s', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- |df=yMd; not supported at en.wiki }, ['Mdy'] = { -- date format is Mdy; reformat to: ['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'}, -- |df=dmy ['ymd'] = {'%s-%s-%s', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- |df=ymd -- ['yMd'] = {'%s %s %s', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- |df=yMd; not supported at en.wiki }, ['dMy'] = { -- date format is dMy; reformat to: ['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'}, -- |df=mdy ['ymd'] = {'%s-%s-%s', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- |df=ymd -- ['yMd'] = {'%s %s %s', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- |df=yMd; not supported at en.wiki }, ['Md-dy'] = { -- date format is Md-dy; reformat to: ['mdy'] = {'%s %s–%s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'd2', 'y'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['dmy'] = {'%s–%s %s %s', 'd', 'd2', 'm', 'y'}, -- |df=dmy -> d-dMy }, ['d-dMy'] = { -- date format is d-d>y; reformat to: ['dmy'] = {'%s–%s %s %s', 'd', 'd2', 'm', 'y'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['mdy'] = {'%s %s–%s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'd2', 'y'}, -- |df=mdy -> Md-dy }, ['dM-dMy'] = { -- date format is dM-dMy; reformat to: ['dmy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'd2', 'm2', 'y'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['mdy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'm2', 'd2', 'y'}, -- |df=mdy -> Md-Mdy }, ['Md-Mdy'] = { -- date format is Md-Mdy; reformat to: ['mdy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'm2', 'd2', 'y'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['dmy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'd2', 'm2', 'y'}, -- |df=dmy -> dM-dMy }, ['dMy-dMy'] = { -- date format is dMy-dMy; reformat to: ['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'y2'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y', 'm2', 'd2', 'y2'}, -- |df=mdy -> Mdy-Mdy }, ['Mdy-Mdy'] = { -- date format is Mdy-Mdy; reformat to: ['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y', 'm2', 'd2', 'y2'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'y2'}, -- |df=dmy -> dMy-dMy }, ['My-My'] = { -- these for long/short reformatting ['any'] = {'%s %s – %s %s', 'm', 'y', 'm2', 'y2'}, -- dmy/mdy agnostic }, ['M-My'] = { -- these for long/short reformatting ['any'] = {'%s–%s %s', 'm', 'm2', 'y'}, -- dmy/mdy agnostic }, ['My'] = { -- these for long/short reformatting ['any'] = {'%s %s', 'm', 'y'}, -- dmy/mdy agnostic }, -- ['yMd'] = { -- not supported at en.wiki -- ['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'}, -- |df=mdy -- ['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'}, -- |df=dmy -- ['ymd'] = {'%s-%s-%s', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- |df=ymd -- }, } local function reformatter (date, pattern_idx, format_param, mon_len) if not in_array (pattern_idx, {'ymd', 'Mdy', 'Md-dy', 'dMy', 'yMd', 'd-dMy', 'dM-dMy', 'Md-Mdy', 'dMy-dMy', 'Mdy-Mdy', 'My-My', 'M-My', 'My'}) then return; -- not in this set of date format patterns_t then not a reformattable date end if 'ymd' == format_param and in_array (pattern_idx, {'ymd', 'Md-dy', 'd-dMy', 'dM-dMy', 'Md-Mdy', 'dMy-dMy', 'Mdy-Mdy', 'My-My', 'M-My', 'My'}) then return; -- ymd date ranges not supported at en.wiki; no point in reformatting ymd to ymd end if in_array (pattern_idx, {'My', 'M-My', 'My-My'}) then -- these are not dmy/mdy so can't be 'reformatted' into either format_param = 'any'; -- so format-agnostic end -- yMd is not supported at en.wiki; when yMd is supported at your wiki, uncomment the next line -- if 'yMd' == format_param and in_array (pattern_idx, {'yMd', 'Md-dy', 'd-dMy', 'dM-dMy', 'Md-Mdy', 'dMy-dMy', 'Mdy-Mdy'}) then -- these formats not convertable; yMd not supported at en.wiki if 'yMd' == format_param then -- yMd not supported at en.wiki; when yMd is supported at your wiki, remove or comment-out this line return; -- not a reformattable date end local c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7; -- these hold the captures specified in patterns_t[pattern_idx][1] c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7 = mw.ustring.match (date, patterns_t[pattern_idx][1]); -- get the captures local t = { -- table that holds k/v pairs of date parts from the captures and patterns_t[pattern_idx][2..] [patterns_t[pattern_idx][2]] = c1; -- at minimum there is always one capture with a matching indicator letter [patterns_t[pattern_idx][3] or 'x'] = c2; -- patterns_t can have a variable number of captures; each capture requires an indicator letter; [patterns_t[pattern_idx][4] or 'x'] = c3; -- where there is no capture, there is no indicator letter so n in patterns_t[pattern_idx][n] will be nil; [patterns_t[pattern_idx][5] or 'x'] = c4; -- the 'x' here spoofs an indicator letter to prevent 'table index is nil' error [patterns_t[pattern_idx][6] or 'x'] = c5; [patterns_t[pattern_idx][7] or 'x'] = c6; [patterns_t[pattern_idx][8] or 'x'] = c7; }; if t.a then -- if this date has an anchor year capture (all convertable date formats except ymd) if t.y2 then -- for year range date formats t.y2 = t.a; -- use the anchor year capture when reassembling the date else -- here for single date formats (except ymd) t.y = t.a; -- use the anchor year capture when reassembling the date end end if tonumber(t.m) then -- if raw month is a number (converting from ymd) if 's' == mon_len then -- if we are to use abbreviated month names t.m = cfg.date_names['inv_local_short'][tonumber(t.m)]; -- convert it to a month name else t.m = cfg.date_names['inv_local_long'][tonumber(t.m)]; -- convert it to a month name end t.d = t.d:gsub ('0(%d)', '%1'); -- strip leading '0' from day if present elseif 'ymd' == format_param then -- when converting to ymd t.y = t.y:gsub ('%a', ''); -- strip CITREF disambiguator if present; anchor year already known so process can proceed; TODO: maint message? if 1582 > tonumber (t.y) then -- ymd format dates not allowed before 1582 return; end t.m = string.format ('%02d', get_month_number (t.m)); -- make sure that month and day are two digits t.d = string.format ('%02d', t.d); elseif mon_len then -- if mon_len is set to either 'short' or 'long' for _, mon in ipairs ({'m', 'm2'}) do -- because there can be two month names, check both if t[mon] then t[mon] = get_month_number (t[mon]); -- get the month number for this month (is length agnostic) if 0 == t[mon] then return; end -- seasons and named dates can't be converted t[mon] = (('s' == mon_len) and cfg.date_names['inv_local_short'][t[mon]]) or cfg.date_names['inv_local_long'][t[mon]]; -- fetch month name according to length end end end local new_date = string.format (re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][1], -- format string t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][2]], -- named captures from t{} t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][3]], t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][4]], t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][5]], t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][6]], t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][7]], t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][8]] ); return new_date; end --[[-------------------------< R E F O R M A T _ D A T E S >-------------------------------------------------- Reformats existing dates into the format specified by format. format is one of several manual keywords: dmy, dmy-all, mdy, mdy-all, ymd, ymd-all. The -all version includes access- and archive-dates; otherwise these dates are not reformatted. This function allows automatic date formatting. In ~/Configuration, the article source is searched for one of the {{use xxx dates}} templates. If found, xxx becomes the global date format as xxx-all. If |cs1-dates= in {{use xxx dates}} has legitimate value then that value determines how cs1|2 dates will be rendered. Legitimate values for |cs1-dates= are: l - all dates are rendered with long month names ls - publication dates use long month names; access-/archive-dates use abbreviated month names ly - publication dates use long month names; access-/archive-dates rendered in ymd format s - all dates are rendered with abbreviated (short) month names sy - publication dates use abbreviated month names; access-/archive-dates rendered in ymd format y - all dates are rendered in ymd format the format argument for automatic date formatting will be the format specified by {{use xxx dates}} with the value supplied by |cs1-dates so one of: xxx-l, xxx-ls, xxx-ly, xxx-s, xxx-sy, xxx-y, or simply xxx (|cs1-dates= empty, omitted, or invalid) where xxx shall be either of dmy or mdy. dates are extracted from date_parameters_list, reformatted (if appropriate), and then written back into the list in the new format. Dates in date_parameters_list are presumed here to be valid (no errors). This function returns true when a date has been reformatted, false else. Actual reformatting is done by reformatter(). ]] local function reformat_dates (date_parameters_list, format) local all = false; -- set to false to skip access- and archive-dates local len_p = 'l'; -- default publication date length shall be long local len_a = 'l'; -- default access-/archive-date length shall be long local result = false; local new_date; if format:match('%a+%-all') then -- manual df keyword; auto df keyword when length not specified in {{use xxx dates}}; format = format:match('(%a+)%-all'); -- extract the format all = true; -- all dates are long format dates because this keyword doesn't specify length elseif format:match('%a+%-[lsy][sy]?') then -- auto df keywords; internal only all = true; -- auto df applies to all dates; use length specified by capture len_p for all dates format, len_p, len_a = format:match('(%a+)%-([lsy])([sy]?)'); -- extract the format and length keywords if 'y' == len_p then -- because allowed by MOS:DATEUNIFY (sort of) range dates and My dates not reformatted format = 'ymd'; -- override {{use xxx dates}} elseif (not is_set(len_a)) or (len_p == len_a) then -- no access-/archive-date length specified or same length as publication dates then len_a = len_p; -- in case len_a not set end end -- else only publication dates and they are long for param_name, param_val in pairs (date_parameters_list) do -- for each date-holding parameter in the list if is_set (param_val.val) then -- if the parameter has a value if not (not all and in_array (param_name, {'access-date', 'archive-date'})) then -- skip access- or archive-date unless format is xxx-all; yeah, ugly; TODO: find a better way for pattern_idx, pattern in pairs (patterns_t) do if mw.ustring.match (param_val.val, pattern[1]) then if all and in_array (param_name, {'access-date', 'archive-date'}) then -- if this date is an access- or archive-date new_date = reformatter (param_val.val, pattern_idx, (('y' == len_a) and 'ymd') or format, len_a); -- choose ymd or dmy/mdy according to len_a setting else -- all other dates new_date = reformatter (param_val.val, pattern_idx, format, len_p); end if new_date then -- set when date was reformatted date_parameters_list[param_name].val = new_date; -- update date in date list result = true; -- and announce that changes have been made break; end end -- if end -- for end -- if end -- if end -- for return result; -- declare boolean result and done end --[[--------------------------< D A T E _ H Y P H E N _ T O _ D A S H >---------------------------------------- Loops through the list of date-holding parameters and converts any hyphen to an ndash. Not called if the cs1|2 template has any date errors. Modifies the date_parameters_list and returns true if hyphens are replaced, else returns false. ]] local function date_hyphen_to_dash (date_parameters_list) local result = false; local n; for param_name, param_val in pairs(date_parameters_list) do -- for each date-holding parameter in the list if is_set (param_val.val) and not mw.ustring.match (param_val.val, patterns_t.ymd[1]) then -- for those that are not ymd dates (ustring because here digits may not be Western) param_val.val, n = param_val.val:gsub ('%-', '–'); -- replace any hyphen with ndash if 0 ~= n then date_parameters_list[param_name].val = param_val.val; -- update the list result = true; end end end return result; -- so we know if any hyphens were replaced end --[[-------------------------< D A T E _ N A M E _ X L A T E >------------------------------------------------ Attempts to translate English date names to local-language date names using names supplied by MediaWiki's date parser function. This is simple name-for-name replacement and may not work for all languages. if xlat_dig is true, this function will also translate Western (English) digits to the local language's digits. This will also translate ymd dates. ]] local function date_name_xlate (date_parameters_list, xlt_dig) local xlate; local modified = false; local date; local sources_t = { {cfg.date_names.en.long, cfg.date_names.inv_local_long}, -- for translating long English month names to long local month names {cfg.date_names.en.short, cfg.date_names.inv_local_short}, -- short month names {cfg.date_names.en.quarter, cfg.date_names.inv_local_quarter}, -- quarter date names {cfg.date_names.en.season, cfg.date_names.inv_local_season}, -- season date nam {cfg.date_names.en.named, cfg.date_names.inv_local_named}, -- named dates } local function is_xlateable (month) -- local function to get local date name that replaces existing English-language date name for _, date_names_t in ipairs (sources_t) do -- for each sequence table in date_names_t if date_names_t[1][month] then -- if date name is English month (long or short), quarter, season or named and if date_names_t[2][date_names_t[1][month]] then -- if there is a matching local date name return date_names_t[2][date_names_t[1][month]]; -- return the local date name end end end end for param_name, param_val in pairs(date_parameters_list) do -- for each date-holding parameter in the list if is_set(param_val.val) then -- if the parameter has a value date = param_val.val; for month in mw.ustring.gmatch (date, '[%a ]+') do -- iterate through all date names in the date (single date or date range) month = mw.text.trim (month); -- this because quarterly dates contain whitespace xlate = is_xlateable (month); -- get translate <month>; returns translation or nil if xlate then date = mw.ustring.gsub (date, month, xlate); -- replace the English with the translation date_parameters_list[param_name].val = date; -- save the translated date modified = true; end end if xlt_dig then -- shall we also translate digits? date = date:gsub ('%d', cfg.date_names.xlate_digits); -- translate digits from Western to 'local digits' date_parameters_list[param_name].val = date; -- save the translated date modified = true; end end end return modified; end --[[--------------------------< S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S >-------------------------------------- Sets local imported functions table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules. ]] local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr, utilities_page_ptr) add_prop_cat = utilities_page_ptr.add_prop_cat ; -- import functions from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities module is_set = utilities_page_ptr.is_set; in_array = utilities_page_ptr.in_array; set_message = utilities_page_ptr.set_message; substitute = utilities_page_ptr.substitute; wrap_style = utilities_page_ptr.wrap_style; cfg = cfg_table_ptr; -- import tables from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration end --[[--------------------------< A R C H I V E _ D A T E _ C H E C K >------------------------------------------ Compare value in |archive-date= with the timestamp in Wayback machine urls. Emits an error message with suggested date from the |archive-url= timestamp in an appropriate format when the value in |archive-date= does not match the timestamp. this function never called when any date in a cs1|2 template has errors error message suggests new |archive-date= value in an appropriate format specified by <df>. <df> is either |df= or cfg.global_df in that order. If <df> is nil, suggested date has format from |archive-date=. There is a caveat: when |df=dmy or |df=mdy, the reformatter leaves |access-date= and |archive-date= formats as they are. The error message suggested date is passed to the formatter as YYYY-MM-DD so when |df=dmy or |df=mdy, the format is not changed. ]] local function archive_date_check (archive_date, archive_url_timestamp, df) local archive_date_format = 'dmy-y'; -- holds the date format of date in |archive-date; default to ymd; 'dmy' used here to spoof reformat_dates() for _, v_t in ipairs ({{'dMy', 'dmy-all'}, {'Mdy', 'mdy-all'}}) do -- is |archive-date= format dmy or mdy? if archive_date:match (patterns_t[v_t[1]][1]) then -- does the pattern match? archive_date_format = cfg.keywords_xlate[v_t[2]]; -- get appropriate |df= supported keyword from the i18n translator table break; end end local dates_t = {}; dates_t['archive-date'] = {val=archive_date, name=''}; -- setup to call reformat_dates(); never called when errors so <name> unset as not needed reformat_dates (dates_t, 'dmy-y'); -- reformat |archive-date= to ymd; 'dmy' used here to spoof reformat_dates() local archive_url_date = archive_url_timestamp:gsub ('(%d%d%d%d)(%d%d)(%d%d)%d*', '%1-%2-%3'); -- make ymd format date from timestamp if dates_t['archive-date'].val == archive_url_date then -- are the two dates the same return; -- yes, done else dates_t['archive-date'] = {val=archive_url_date, name=''}; -- setup to call reformat_dates() with the timestamp date reformat_dates (dates_t, df or archive_date_format); -- reformat timestamp to format specified by <df> or format used in |archive-date= archive_url_date = dates_t['archive-date'].val; set_message ('err_archive_date_url_ts_mismatch', archive_url_date); -- emit an error message end end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------ ]] return { -- return exported functions archive_date_check = archive_date_check, date_hyphen_to_dash = date_hyphen_to_dash, date_name_xlate = date_name_xlate, dates = dates, is_valid_date = is_valid_date, reformat_dates = reformat_dates, set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules, year_check = year_check, year_date_check = year_date_check, } t2d5ocm3ym8yza0dgkl1tstgc2yr6dq 366691 366690 2026-08-23T13:30:11Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation]] 366690 Scribunto text/plain --[[--------------------------< F O R W A R D D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------------- ]] local add_prop_cat, is_set, in_array, set_message, substitute, wrap_style; -- imported functions from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities local cfg; -- table of tables imported from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration --[[--------------------------< F I L E - S C O P E D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------- File-scope variables are declared here ]] local lang_obj = mw.getContentLanguage(); -- used by is_valid_accessdate(), is_valid_year(), date_name_xlate(); local year_limit; -- used by is_valid_year() --[=[-------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ A C C E S S D A T E >---------------------------------------- returns true if: Wikipedia start date <= accessdate < today + 2 days Wikipedia start date is 2001-01-15T00:00:00 UTC which is 979516800 seconds after 1970-01-01T00:00:00 UTC (the start of Unix time) accessdate is the date provided in |access-date= at time 00:00:00 UTC today is the current date at time 00:00:00 UTC plus 48 hours if today is 2015-01-01T00:00:00 then adding 24 hours gives 2015-01-02T00:00:00 – one second more than today adding 24 hours gives 2015-01-03T00:00:00 – one second more than tomorrow This function does not work if it is fed month names for languages other than English. Wikimedia #time: parser apparently doesn't understand non-English date month names. This function will always return false when the date contains a non-English month name because good1 is false after the call to lang.formatDate(). To get around that call this function with YYYY-MM-DD format dates. ]=] local function is_valid_accessdate (accessdate) local good1, good2; local access_ts, tomorrow_ts; -- to hold Unix time stamps representing the dates good1, access_ts = pcall (lang_obj.formatDate, lang_obj, 'U', accessdate ); -- convert accessdate value to Unix timestamp good2, tomorrow_ts = pcall (lang_obj.formatDate, lang_obj, 'U', 'today + 2 days' ); -- today midnight + 2 days is one second more than all day tomorrow if good1 and good2 then -- lang.formatDate() returns a timestamp in the local script which which tonumber() may not understand access_ts = tonumber (access_ts) or lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber (access_ts); -- convert to numbers for the comparison; tomorrow_ts = tonumber (tomorrow_ts) or lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber (tomorrow_ts); else return false; -- one or both failed to convert to Unix time stamp end if 979516800 <= access_ts and access_ts < tomorrow_ts then -- Wikipedia start date <= accessdate < tomorrow's date return true; else return false; -- accessdate out of range end end --[[--------------------------< G E T _ M O N T H _ N U M B E R >---------------------------------------------- returns a number according to the month in a date: 1 for January, etc. Capitalization and spelling must be correct. If not a valid month, returns 0 ]] local function get_month_number (month) return cfg.date_names['local'].long[month] or cfg.date_names['local'].short[month] or -- look for local names first cfg.date_names['en'].long[month] or cfg.date_names['en'].short[month] or -- failing that, look for English names 0; -- not a recognized month name end --[[--------------------------< G E T _ S E A S O N _ N U M B E R >-------------------------------------------- returns a number according to the sequence of seasons in a year: 21 for Spring, etc. Capitalization and spelling must be correct. If not a valid season, returns 0. 21-24 = Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter, independent of “Hemisphere” returns 0 when <param> is not |date= Season numbering is defined by Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) specification (https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/) which became part of ISO 8601 in 2019. See '§Sub-year groupings'. The standard defines various divisions using numbers 21-41. cs1|2 only supports generic seasons. EDTF does support the distinction between north and south hemisphere seasons but cs1|2 has no way to make that distinction. These additional divisions not currently supported: 25-28 = Spring - Northern Hemisphere, Summer- Northern Hemisphere, Autumn - Northern Hemisphere, Winter - Northern Hemisphere 29-32 = Spring – Southern Hemisphere, Summer– Southern Hemisphere, Autumn – Southern Hemisphere, Winter - Southern Hemisphere 33-36 = Quarter 1, Quarter 2, Quarter 3, Quarter 4 (3 months each) 37-39 = Quadrimester 1, Quadrimester 2, Quadrimester 3 (4 months each) 40-41 = Semestral 1, Semestral-2 (6 months each) ]] local function get_season_number (season, param) if 'date' ~= param then return 0; -- season dates only supported by |date= end return cfg.date_names['local'].season[season] or -- look for local names first cfg.date_names['en'].season[season] or -- failing that, look for English names 0; -- not a recognized season name end --[[--------------------------< G E T _ Q U A R T E R _ N U M B E R >------------------------------------------ returns a number according to the sequence of quarters in a year: 33 for first quarter, etc. Capitalization and spelling must be correct. If not a valid quarter, returns 0. 33-36 = Quarter 1, Quarter 2, Quarter 3, Quarter 4 (3 months each) returns 0 when <param> is not |date= Quarter numbering is defined by Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) specification (https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/) which became part of ISO 8601 in 2019. See '§Sub-year groupings'. The standard defines various divisions using numbers 21-41. cs1|2 only supports generic seasons and quarters. These additional divisions not currently supported: 37-39 = Quadrimester 1, Quadrimester 2, Quadrimester 3 (4 months each) 40-41 = Semestral 1, Semestral-2 (6 months each) ]] local function get_quarter_number (quarter, param) if 'date' ~= param then return 0; -- quarter dates only supported by |date= end quarter = mw.ustring.gsub (quarter, ' +', ' '); -- special case replace multiple space chars with a single space char return cfg.date_names['local'].quarter[quarter] or -- look for local names first cfg.date_names['en'].quarter[quarter] or -- failing that, look for English names 0; -- not a recognized quarter name end --[[--------------------------< G E T _ P R O P E R _ N A M E _ N U M B E R >---------------------------------- returns a non-zero number if date contains a recognized proper-name. Capitalization and spelling must be correct. returns 0 when <param> is not |date= ]] local function get_proper_name_number (name, param) if 'date' ~= param then return 0; -- proper-name dates only supported by |date= end return cfg.date_names['local'].named[name] or -- look for local names dates first cfg.date_names['en'].named[name] or -- failing that, look for English names 0; -- not a recognized named date end --[[--------------------------< G E T _ E L E M E N T _ N U M B E R <------------------------------------------ returns true if month or season or quarter or proper name is valid (properly spelled, capitalized, abbreviated) ]] local function get_element_number (element, param) local num; local funcs = {get_month_number, get_season_number, get_quarter_number, get_proper_name_number}; -- list of functions to execute in order for _, func in ipairs (funcs) do -- spin through the function list num = func (element, param); -- call the function and get the returned number if 0 ~= num then -- non-zero when valid month season quarter return num; -- return that number end end return nil; -- not valid end --[[--------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ Y E A R >---------------------------------------------------- Function gets current year from the server and compares it to year from a citation parameter. Years more than one year in the future are not acceptable. Special case for |pmc-embargo-date=: years more than two years in the future are not acceptable ]] local function is_valid_year (year, param) if not is_set (year_limit) then year_limit = tonumber(os.date("%Y"))+1; -- global variable so we only have to fetch it once end year = tonumber (year) or lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber (year); -- convert to number for the comparison if year and (100 > year) then -- years less than 100 not supported return false; end if 'pmc-embargo-date' == param then -- special case for |pmc-embargo-date= return year and (year <= tonumber(os.date("%Y"))+2) or false; -- years more than two years in the future are not accepted end return year and (year <= year_limit) or false; end --[[--------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ D A T E >---------------------------------------------------- Returns true if day is less than or equal to the number of days in month and year is no farther into the future than next year; else returns false. Assumes Julian calendar prior to year 1582 and Gregorian calendar thereafter. Accounts for Julian calendar leap years before 1582 and Gregorian leap years after 1582. Where the two calendars overlap (1582 to approximately 1923) dates are assumed to be Gregorian. ]] local function is_valid_date (year, month, day, param) local days_in_month = {31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31}; local month_length; if not is_valid_year (year, param) then -- no farther into the future than next year except |pmc-embargo-date= no more than two years in the future return false; end month = tonumber (month); -- required for YYYY-MM-DD dates if (2 == month) then -- if February month_length = 28; -- then 28 days unless if 1582 > tonumber(year) then -- Julian calendar if 0 == (year%4) then -- is a leap year? month_length = 29; -- if leap year then 29 days in February end else -- Gregorian calendar if (0 == (year%4) and (0 ~= (year%100) or 0 == (year%400))) then -- is a leap year? month_length = 29; -- if leap year then 29 days in February end end else month_length = days_in_month[month] or 0; -- invalid month number is nil so default <month_length> to 0 end if tonumber (day) > month_length then return false; end return true; end --[[--------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ M O N T H _ R A N G E _ S T Y L E >-------------------------- Months in a range are expected to have the same style: Jan–Mar or October–December but not February–Mar or Jul–August. This function looks in cfg.date_names{} to see if both month names are listed in the long subtable or both are listed in the short subtable. When both have the same style (both are listed in the same table), returns true; false else ]] local function is_valid_month_range_style (month1, month2) if (cfg.date_names.en.long[month1] and cfg.date_names.en.long[month2]) or -- are both English names listed in the long subtable? (cfg.date_names.en.short[month1] and cfg.date_names.en.short[month2]) or -- are both English names listed in the short subtable? (cfg.date_names['local'].long[month1] and cfg.date_names['local'].long[month2]) or -- are both local names listed in the long subtable? (cfg.date_names['local'].short[month1] and cfg.date_names['local'].short[month2]) then -- are both local names listed in the short subtable? return true; end return false; -- names are mixed end --[[--------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ M O N T H _ S E A S O N _ R A N G E >------------------------ Check a pair of months or seasons to see if both are valid members of a month or season pair. Month pairs are expected to be left to right, earliest to latest in time. All season ranges are accepted as valid because there are publishers out there who have published a Summer–Spring YYYY issue, hence treat as ok ]] local function is_valid_month_season_range(range_start, range_end, param) local range_start_number = get_month_number (range_start); local range_end_number; if 0 == range_start_number then -- is this a month range? range_start_number = get_season_number (range_start, param); -- not a month; is it a season? get start season number range_end_number = get_season_number (range_end, param); -- get end season number if (0 ~= range_start_number) and (0 ~= range_end_number) and (range_start_number ~= range_end_number) then return true; -- any season pairing is accepted except when both are the same end return false; -- range_start and/or range_end is not a season end -- here when range_start is a month range_end_number = get_month_number (range_end); -- get end month number if range_start_number < range_end_number and -- range_start is a month; does range_start precede range_end? is_valid_month_range_style (range_start, range_end) then -- do months have the same style? return true; -- proper order and same style end return false; -- range_start month number is greater than or equal to range end number; or range end isn't a month end --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ C O I N S _ D A T E >------------------------------------------------ This function receives a table of date parts for one or two dates and an empty table reference declared in Module:Citation/CS1. The function is called only for |date= parameters and only if the |date=<value> is determined to be a valid date format. The question of what to do with invalid date formats is not answered here. The date parts in the input table are converted to an ISO 8601 conforming date string: single whole dates: yyyy-mm-dd month and year dates: yyyy-mm year dates: yyyy ranges: yyyy-mm-dd/yyyy-mm-dd yyyy-mm/yyyy-mm yyyy/yyyy Dates in the Julian calendar are reduced to year or year/year so that we don't have to do calendar conversion from Julian to Proleptic Gregorian. The input table has: year, year2 – always present; if before 1582, ignore months and days if present month, month2 – 0 if not provided, 1-12 for months, 21-24 for seasons; 99 Christmas day, day2 – 0 if not provided, 1-31 for days the output table receives: rftdate: an ISO 8601 formatted date rftchron: a free-form version of the date, usually without year which is in rftdate (season ranges and proper-name dates) rftssn: one of four season keywords: winter, spring, summer, fall (lowercase) rftquarter: one of four values: 1, 2, 3, 4 ]] local function make_COinS_date (input, COinS_date_t) local date; -- one date or first date in a range local date2 = ''; -- end of range date input.year = tonumber (input.year) or lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber (input.year); -- language-aware tonumber() input.year2 = tonumber (input.year2) or lang_obj:parseFormattedNumber (input.year2); -- COinS dates are pseudo-ISO 8601 so convert to Arabic numerals if ((1582 == input.year) and (10 > tonumber(input.month))) or (1582 > input.year) then -- if a Julian calendar date COinS_date_t.rftdate = tostring (input.year); -- &rft.date gets year only return; -- done end -- here for all forms of Gregorian dates if 20 < tonumber (input.month) then -- if season, quarter, or proper-name date date = input.year; -- &rft.date gets year only if 0 ~= input.year2 and input.year ~= input.year2 then -- if a range, only the second year portion when not the same as range start year date = string.format ('%.4d/%.4d', input.year, input.year2) -- assemble the date range end local season = {[24] = 'winter', [21] = 'spring', [22] = 'summer', [23] = 'fall', [33] = '1', [34] = '2', [35] = '3', [36] = '4', [98] = 'Easter', [99] = 'Christmas'}; -- seasons lowercase, no autumn; proper-names use title case if 0 == input.month2 then -- single season, quarter, or proper-name date if 40 < tonumber(input.month) then COinS_date_t.rftchron = season[input.month]; -- proper-name date; used in journal metadata only elseif 30 < tonumber(input.month) then COinS_date_t.rftquarter = season[input.month]; -- quarter date; used in journal metadata only else COinS_date_t.rftssn = season[input.month]; -- season date; used in journal metadata only end else -- season ranges are lumped into &rft.chron; &rft.ssn and &rft.quarter are left blank if input.year ~= input.year2 then -- season year – season year range or season year–year if 0 ~= input.month2 then COinS_date_t.rftchron = string.format ('%s %s – %s %s', season[input.month], input.year, season[input.month2], input.year2); -- used in journal metadata only end else -- season–season year range COinS_date_t.rftchron = season[input.month] .. '–' .. season[input.month2]; -- season–season year range; used in journal metadata only end end COinS_date_t.rftdate = tostring (date); return; -- done end -- here for gregorian calendar dates if 0 ~= input.day then date = string.format ('%s-%.2d-%.2d', input.year, tonumber(input.month), tonumber(input.day)); -- whole date elseif 0 ~= input.month then date = string.format ('%s-%.2d', input.year, tonumber(input.month)); -- year and month else date = string.format ('%s', input.year); -- just year end if 0 ~= input.year2 then if 0 ~= input.day2 then date2 = string.format ('/%s-%.2d-%.2d', input.year2, tonumber(input.month2), tonumber(input.day2)); -- whole date elseif 0 ~= input.month2 then date2 = string.format ('/%s-%.2d', input.year2, tonumber(input.month2)); -- year and month else date2 = string.format ('/%s', input.year2); -- just year end end COinS_date_t.rftdate = date .. date2; -- date2 has the '/' separator return; end --[[--------------------------< P A T T E R N S _ T >---------------------------------------------------------- this is the list of patterns for date formats that this module recognizes. Approximately the first half of these patterns represent formats that might be reformatted into another format. Those that might be reformatted have 'indicator' letters that identify the content of the matching capture: 'd' (day), 'm' (month), 'a' (anchor year), 'y' (year); second day, month, year have a '2' suffix. These patterns are used for both date validation and for reformatting. This table should not be moved to ~/Configuration because changes to this table require changes to check_date() and to reformatter() and reformat_date() ]] local patterns_t = { -- year-initial numerical year-month-day ['ymd'] = {'^([1-9]%d%d%d)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d)$', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- month-initial: month day, year ['Mdy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'd', 'a', 'y'}, -- month-initial day range: month day–day, year; days are separated by endash ['Md-dy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?)[%-–]([1-9]%d?), +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'd', 'd2', 'a', 'y'}, -- day-initial: day month year ['dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'd', 'm', 'a', 'y'}, -- year-initial: year month day; day: 1 or 2 two digits, leading zero allowed; not supported at en.wiki -- ['yMd'] = {'^(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?) +(%D-) +(%d%d?)$', 'a', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- day-range-initial: day–day month year; days are separated by endash ['d-dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?)[%-–]([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'd', 'd2', 'm', 'a', 'y'}, -- day initial month-day-range: day month - day month year; uses spaced endash ['dM-dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +[%-–] +([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'd', 'm', 'd2', 'm2', 'a', 'y'}, -- month initial month-day-range: month day – month day, year; uses spaced endash ['Md-Mdy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?) +[%-–] +(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$','m', 'd', 'm2', 'd2', 'a', 'y'}, -- day initial month-day-year-range: day month year - day month year; uses spaced endash ['dMy-dMy'] = {'^([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +([1-9]%d%d%d?) +[%-–] +([1-9]%d?) +(%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'd', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'a', 'y2'}, -- month initial month-day-year-range: month day, year – month day, year; uses spaced endash ['Mdy-Mdy'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +([1-9]%d%d%d?) +[%-–] +(%D-) +([1-9]%d?), +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'd', 'y', 'm2', 'd2', 'a', 'y2'}, -- these date formats cannot be converted, per se, but month name can be rendered short or long -- month/season year - month/season year; separated by spaced endash ['My-My'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d%d%d?) +[%-–] +(%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'y', 'm2', 'a', 'y2'}, -- month/season range year; months separated by endash ['M-My'] = {'^(%D-)[%-–](%D-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'm2', 'a', 'y'}, -- month/season year or proper-name year; quarter year when First Quarter YYYY etc. ['My'] = {'^([^%d–]-) +(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$', 'm', 'a', 'y'}, -- this way because endash is a member of %D; %D- will match January–March 2019 when it shouldn't -- these date formats cannot be converted ['Sy4-y2'] = {'^(%D-) +(([1-9]%d)%d%d)[%-–]((%d%d)%l?)$'}, -- special case Winter/Summer year-year (YYYY-YY); year separated with unspaced endash ['Sy-y'] = {'^(%D-) +([1-9]%d%d%d?)[%-–](([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$'}, -- special case Winter/Summer year-year; year separated with unspaced endash ['y-y'] = {'^([1-9]%d%d%d?)[%-–](([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$'}, -- year range: YYY-YYY or YYY-YYYY or YYYY–YYYY; separated by unspaced endash; 100-9999 ['y4-y2'] = {'^(([1-9]%d)%d%d)[%-–]((%d%d)%l?)$'}, -- year range: YYYY–YY; separated by unspaced endash ['y'] = {'^(([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?)$'}, -- year; here accept either YYY or YYYY -- these date formats cannot be converted ['n.d.'] = {'^((n%.d%.)%l?)$'}, -- no date with dots ['nd'] = {'^((nd)%l?)$'}, -- no date } --[[--------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ E M B A R G O _ D A T E >------------------------------------ returns true and date value if that value has proper dmy, mdy, ymd format. returns false and 9999 (embargoed forever) when date value is not proper format; assumes that when |pmc-embargo-date= is set, the editor intended to embargo a PMC but |pmc-embargo-date= does not hold a single date. ]] local function is_valid_embargo_date (v) if v:match (patterns_t['ymd'][1]) or -- ymd v:match (patterns_t['Mdy'][1]) or -- dmy v:match (patterns_t['dMy'][1]) then -- mdy return true, v; end return false, '9999'; -- if here not good date so return false and set embargo date to long time in future end --[[--------------------------< C H E C K _ D A T E >---------------------------------------------------------- Check date format to see that it is one of the formats approved by WP:DATESNO or WP:DATERANGE. Exception: only allowed range separator is endash. Additionally, check the date to see that it is a real date: no 31 in 30-day months; no 29 February when not a leap year. Months, both long-form and three character abbreviations, and seasons must be spelled correctly. Future years beyond next year are not allowed. If the date fails the format tests, this function returns false and does not return values for anchor_year and COinS_date. When this happens, the date parameter is (DEBUG: not?) used in the COinS metadata and the CITEREF identifier gets its year from the year parameter if present otherwise CITEREF does not get a date value. Inputs: date_string - date string from date-holding parameters (date, year, publication-date, access-date, pmc-embargo-date, archive-date, lay-date) Returns: false if date string is not a real date; else true, anchor_year, COinS_date anchor_year can be used in CITEREF anchors COinS_date is ISO 8601 format date; see make_COInS_date() ]] local function check_date (date_string, param, COinS_date_t) local year; -- assume that year2, months, and days are not used; local year2 = 0; -- second year in a year range local month = 0; local month2 = 0; -- second month in a month range local day = 0; local day2 = 0; -- second day in a day range local anchor_year; -- local coins_date; if date_string:match (patterns_t['ymd'][1]) then -- year-initial numerical year month day format year, month, day = date_string:match (patterns_t['ymd'][1]); if 12 < tonumber(month) or 1 > tonumber(month) or 1582 > tonumber(year) or 0 == tonumber(day) then return false; end -- month or day number not valid or not Gregorian calendar anchor_year = year; elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Mdy'][1]) then -- month-initial: month day, year month, day, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Mdy'][1]); month = get_month_number (month); if 0 == month then return false; end -- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Md-dy'][1]) then -- month-initial day range: month day–day, year; days are separated by endash month, day, day2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Md-dy'][1]); if tonumber(day) >= tonumber(day2) then return false; end -- date range order is left to right: earlier to later; dates may not be the same; month = get_month_number (month); if 0 == month then return false; end -- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months month2=month; -- for metadata year2 = year; elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dMy'][1]) then -- day-initial: day month year day, month, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dMy'][1]); month = get_month_number (month); if 0 == month then return false; end -- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months --[[ NOT supported at en.wiki elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['yMd'][1]) then -- year-initial: year month day; day: 1 or 2 two digits, leading zero allowed anchor_year, year, month, day = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['yMd'][1]); month = get_month_number (month); if 0 == month then return false; end -- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months -- end NOT supported at en.wiki ]] elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['d-dMy'][1]) then -- day-range-initial: day–day month year; days are separated by endash day, day2, month, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['d-dMy'][1]); if tonumber(day) >= tonumber(day2) then return false; end -- date range order is left to right: earlier to later; dates may not be the same; month = get_month_number (month); if 0 == month then return false; end -- return false if month text isn't one of the twelve months month2 = month; -- for metadata year2 = year; elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dM-dMy'][1]) then -- day initial month-day-range: day month - day month year; uses spaced endash day, month, day2, month2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dM-dMy'][1]); if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2)) or not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end -- date range order is left to right: earlier to later; month = get_month_number (month); -- for metadata month2 = get_month_number (month2); year2 = year; elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Md-Mdy'][1]) then -- month initial month-day-range: month day – month day, year; uses spaced endash month, day, month2, day2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Md-Mdy'][1]); if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2, param)) or not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end month = get_month_number (month); -- for metadata month2 = get_month_number (month2); year2 = year; elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dMy-dMy'][1]) then -- day initial month-day-year-range: day month year - day month year; uses spaced endash day, month, year, day2, month2, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['dMy-dMy'][1]); if tonumber(year2) <= tonumber(year) then return false; end -- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later if not is_valid_year(year2) or not is_valid_month_range_style(month, month2) then return false; end -- year2 no more than one year in the future; months same style month = get_month_number (month); -- for metadata month2 = get_month_number (month2); if 0 == month or 0 == month2 then return false; end -- both must be valid elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Mdy-Mdy'][1]) then -- month initial month-day-year-range: month day, year – month day, year; uses spaced endash month, day, year, month2, day2, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Mdy-Mdy'][1]); if tonumber(year2) <= tonumber(year) then return false; end -- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later if not is_valid_year(year2) or not is_valid_month_range_style(month, month2) then return false; end -- year2 no more than one year in the future; months same style month = get_month_number (month); -- for metadata month2 = get_month_number(month2); if 0 == month or 0 == month2 then return false; end -- both must be valid elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Sy4-y2'][1]) then -- special case Winter/Summer year-year (YYYY-YY); year separated with unspaced endash local century; month, year, century, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Sy4-y2'][1]); if 'Winter' ~= month and 'Summer' ~= month then return false end; -- 'month' can only be Winter or Summer anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year; -- assemble anchor_year from both years year2 = century..year2; -- add the century to year2 for comparisons if 1 ~= tonumber(year2) - tonumber(year) then return false; end -- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end -- no year farther in the future than next year month = get_season_number(month, param); elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Sy-y'][1]) then -- special case Winter/Summer year-year; year separated with unspaced endash month, year, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['Sy-y'][1]); month = get_season_number (month, param); -- <month> can only be winter or summer; also for metadata if (month ~= cfg.date_names['en'].season['Winter']) and (month ~= cfg.date_names['en'].season['Summer']) then return false; -- not Summer or Winter; abandon end anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year; -- assemble anchor_year from both years if 1 ~= tonumber(year2) - tonumber(year) then return false; end -- must be sequential years, left to right, earlier to later if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end -- no year farther in the future than next year elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['My-My'][1]) then -- month/season year - month/season year; separated by spaced endash month, year, month2, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['My-My'][1]); anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year; -- assemble anchor_year from both years if tonumber(year) >= tonumber(year2) then return false; end -- left to right, earlier to later, not the same if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end -- no year farther in the future than next year if 0 ~= get_month_number(month) and 0 ~= get_month_number(month2) and is_valid_month_range_style(month, month2) then -- both must be month year, same month style month = get_month_number(month); month2 = get_month_number(month2); elseif 0 ~= get_season_number(month, param) and 0 ~= get_season_number(month2, param) then -- both must be season year, not mixed month = get_season_number(month, param); month2 = get_season_number(month2, param); else return false; end elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['M-My'][1]) then -- month/season range year; months separated by endash month, month2, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['M-My'][1]); if (not is_valid_month_season_range(month, month2, param)) or (not is_valid_year(year)) then return false; end if 0 ~= get_month_number(month) then -- determined to be a valid range so just check this one to know if month or season month = get_month_number(month); month2 = get_month_number(month2); if 0 == month or 0 == month2 then return false; end else month = get_season_number(month, param); month2 = get_season_number(month2, param); end year2 = year; elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['My'][1]) then -- month/season/quarter/proper-name year month, anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['My'][1]); if not is_valid_year(year) then return false; end month = get_element_number(month, param); -- get month season quarter proper-name number or nil if not month then return false; end -- not valid whatever it is elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y-y'][1]) then -- Year range: YYY-YYY or YYY-YYYY or YYYY–YYYY; separated by unspaced endash; 100-9999 year, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y-y'][1]); anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year; -- assemble anchor year from both years if tonumber(year) >= tonumber(year2) then return false; end -- left to right, earlier to later, not the same if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end -- no year farther in the future than next year elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y4-y2'][1]) then -- Year range: YYYY–YY; separated by unspaced endash local century; year, century, anchor_year, year2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y4-y2'][1]); anchor_year = year .. '–' .. anchor_year; -- assemble anchor year from both years if 13 > tonumber(year2) then return false; end -- don't allow 2003-05 which might be May 2003 year2 = century .. year2; -- add the century to year2 for comparisons if tonumber(year) >= tonumber(year2) then return false; end -- left to right, earlier to later, not the same if not is_valid_year(year2) then return false; end -- no year farther in the future than next year if in_array (param, {'date', 'publication-date', 'year'}) then -- here when 'valid' abbreviated year range; if one of these parameters add_prop_cat ('year-range-abbreviated'); -- add properties cat end elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y'][1]) then -- year; here accept either YYY or YYYY anchor_year, year = mw.ustring.match(date_string, patterns_t['y'][1]); if false == is_valid_year(year) then return false; end else return false; -- date format not one of the MOS:DATE approved formats end if param ~= 'date' then -- CITEREF disambiguation only allowed in |date=; |year= & |publication-date= promote to date if anchor_year:match ('%l$') then return false; end end if 'access-date' == param then -- test access-date here because we have numerical date parts if 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and -- all parts of a single date required 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 == day2 then -- none of these; access-date must not be a range if not is_valid_accessdate(year .. '-' .. month .. '-' .. day) then return false; -- return false when access-date out of bounds end else return false; -- return false when access-date is a range of two dates end end if 'archive-date' == param then -- test archive-date here because we have numerical date parts if not (0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and -- all parts of a single date required 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 == day2) then -- none of these; archive-date must not be a range return false; -- return false when archive-date is a range of two dates end end local result=true; -- check whole dates for validity; assume true because not all dates will go through this test if 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 == day2 then -- YMD (simple whole date) result = is_valid_date (year, month, day, param); -- <param> for |pmc-embargo-date= elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 == month2 and 0 ~= day2 then -- YMD-d (day range) result = is_valid_date (year, month, day); result = result and is_valid_date (year, month, day2); elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 == year2 and 0 ~= month2 and 0 ~= day2 then -- YMD-md (day month range) result = is_valid_date (year, month, day); result = result and is_valid_date (year, month2, day2); elseif 0 ~= year and 0 ~= month and 0 ~= day and 0 ~= year2 and 0 ~= month2 and 0 ~= day2 then -- YMD-ymd (day month year range) result = is_valid_date(year, month, day); result = result and is_valid_date(year2, month2, day2); end if false == result then return false; end if nil ~= COinS_date_t then -- this table only passed into this function when testing |date= parameter values make_COinS_date ({year = year, month = month, day = day, year2 = year2, month2 = month2, day2 = day2}, COinS_date_t); -- make an ISO 8601 date string for COinS end return true, anchor_year; -- format is good and date string represents a real date end --[[--------------------------< D A T E S >-------------------------------------------------------------------- Cycle the date-holding parameters in passed table date_parameters_list through check_date() to check compliance with MOS:DATE. For all valid dates, check_date() returns true. The |date= parameter test is unique, it is the only date holding parameter from which values for anchor_year (used in CITEREF identifiers) and COinS_date (used in the COinS metadata) are derived. The |date= parameter is the only date-holding parameter that is allowed to contain the no-date keywords "n.d." or "nd" (without quotes). Unlike most error messages created in this module, only one error message is created by this function. Because all of the date holding parameters are processed serially, parameters with errors are added to the <error_list> sequence table as the dates are tested. ]] local function dates(date_parameters_list, COinS_date_t, error_list) local anchor_year; -- will return as nil if the date being tested is not |date= local embargo_date; -- if embargo date is a good dmy, mdy, ymd date then holds original value else reset to 9999 local good_date; for k, v in pairs(date_parameters_list) do -- for each date-holding parameter in the list if is_set(v.val) then -- if the parameter has a value v.val = mw.ustring.gsub(v.val, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits); -- translate 'local' digits to Western 0-9 if v.val:match("^c%. [1-9]%d%d%d?%l?$") then -- special case for c. year or with or without CITEREF disambiguator - only |date= and |year= local year = v.val:match("c%. ([1-9]%d%d%d?)%l?"); -- get the year portion so it can be tested if 'date' == k then anchor_year = v.val:match ('(c%. [1-9]%d%d%d?%l?)'); -- anchor year only from |date= parameter good_date = is_valid_year(year); elseif 'year' == k then good_date = is_valid_year(year); else good_date = false; end elseif 'date' == k then -- if the parameter is |date= if v.val:match (patterns_t['n.d.'][1]) then -- if |date=n.d. with or without a CITEREF disambiguator good_date, anchor_year = true, v.val:match (patterns_t['n.d.'][1]); -- "n.d."; no error when date parameter is set to no date elseif v.val:match (patterns_t.nd[1]) then -- if |date=nd with or without a CITEREF disambiguator good_date, anchor_year = true, v.val:match (patterns_t.nd[1]); -- "nd"; no error when date parameter is set to no date else good_date, anchor_year = check_date (v.val, k, COinS_date_t); -- go test the date end elseif 'year' == k then -- if the parameter is |year= it should hold only a year value if v.val:match("^[1-9]%d%d%d?%l?$") then -- if |year = 3 or 4 digits only with or without a CITEREF disambiguator good_date, anchor_year = true, v.val:match ("((%d+)%l?)"); else good_date = false; end elseif 'pmc-embargo-date' == k then -- if the parameter is |pmc-embargo-date= good_date = check_date (v.val, k); -- go test the date if true == good_date then -- if the date is a valid date good_date, embargo_date = is_valid_embargo_date (v.val); -- is |pmc-embargo-date= date a single dmy, mdy, or ymd formatted date? yes: returns embargo date; no: returns 9999 end else -- any other date-holding parameter good_date = check_date (v.val, k); -- go test the date end if false == good_date then -- assemble one error message so we don't add the tracking category multiple times table.insert (error_list, wrap_style ('parameter', v.name)); -- make parameter name suitable for error message list end end end return anchor_year, embargo_date; -- and done end --[[--------------------------< Y E A R _ C H E C K >---------------------------------------------------------- Temporary function to test |year= for acceptable values: YYY, YYYY, year-only ranges, their circa forms, with or without CITEREF disambiguators. When |year= holds some form of date that is not one of these year-only dates, emit a maintenance message. This function necessary because many non-cs1|2 templates have a |year= parameter so cirrus searches are more-or- less useless ]] local function year_check (year) year = year:gsub ('c%. *', ''); -- remove circa annotation (if present) before testing <year> for _, index in ipairs ({'y-y', 'y4-y2', 'y'}) do -- spin through these indexes into patterns_t if mw.ustring.match (year, patterns_t[index][1]) then return; -- if a match then |year= holds a valid 'year' end end set_message ('maint_year'); -- if here, |year= value is not an accepted value; add a maint cat end --[[--------------------------< Y E A R _ D A T E _ C H E C K >------------------------------------------------ Compare the value provided in |year= with the year value(s) provided in |date=. This function sets a local numeric value: 0 - year value does not match the year value in date 1 - (default) year value matches the year value in date or one of the year values when date contains two years 2 - year value matches the year value in date when date is in the form YYYY-MM-DD and year is disambiguated (|year=YYYYx) the numeric value in <result> determines the 'output' if any from this function: 0 – adds error message to error_list sequence table 1 – adds maint cat 2 – does nothing ]] local function year_date_check (year_string, year_origin, date_string, date_origin, error_list) local year; local date1; local date2; local result = 1; -- result of the test; assume that the test passes year = year_string:match ('(%d%d%d%d?)'); if date_string:match ('%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%-%d%d') then --special case where both date and year are required YYYY-MM-DD and YYYYx date1 = date_string:match ('(%d%d%d%d)'); year = year_string:match ('(%d%d%d%d)'); if year ~= date1 then result = 0; -- years don't match elseif year_string:match ('%d%d%d%d%a') then result = 2; -- years match; but because disambiguated, don't add to maint cat end elseif date_string:match ("%d%d%d%d?.-%d%d%d%d?") then -- any of the standard range formats of date with two three- or four-digit years date1, date2 = date_string:match ("(%d%d%d%d?).-(%d%d%d%d?)"); if year ~= date1 and year ~= date2 then result = 0; end elseif mw.ustring.match(date_string, "%d%d%d%d[%-–]%d%d") then -- YYYY-YY date ranges local century; date1, century, date2 = mw.ustring.match(date_string, "((%d%d)%d%d)[%-–]+(%d%d)"); date2 = century..date2; -- convert YY to YYYY if year ~= date1 and year ~= date2 then result = 0; end elseif date_string:match ("%d%d%d%d?") then -- any of the standard formats of date with one year date1 = date_string:match ("(%d%d%d%d?)"); if year ~= date1 then result = 0; end else -- should never get here; this function called only when no other date errors result = 0; -- no recognizable year in date end if 0 == result then -- year / date mismatch table.insert (error_list, substitute (cfg.messages['mismatch'], {year_origin, date_origin})); -- add error message to error_list sequence table elseif 1 == result then -- redundant year / date set_message ('maint_date_year'); -- add a maint cat end end --[[--------------------------< R E F O R M A T T E R >-------------------------------------------------------- reformat 'date' into new format specified by format_param if pattern_idx (the current format of 'date') can be reformatted. Does the grunt work for reformat_dates(). The table re_formats maps pattern_idx (current format) and format_param (desired format) to a table that holds: format string used by string.format() identifier letters ('d', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'y2') that serve as indexes into a table t{} that holds captures from mw.ustring.match() for the various date parts specified by patterns_t[pattern_idx][1] Items in patterns_t{} have the general form: ['ymd'] = {'^(%d%d%d%d)%-(%d%d)%-(%d%d)$', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, where: ['ymd'] is pattern_idx patterns_t['ymd'][1] is the match pattern with captures for mw.ustring.match() patterns_t['ymd'][2] is an indicator letter identifying the content of the first capture patterns_t['ymd'][3] ... the second capture etc. when a pattern matches a date, the captures are loaded into table t{} in capture order using the idemtifier characters as indexes into t{} For the above, a ymd date is in t{} as: t.y = first capture (year), t.m = second capture (month), t.d = third capture (day) To reformat, this function is called with the pattern_idx that matches the current format of the date and with format_param set to the desired format. This function loads table t{} as described and then calls string.format() with the format string specified by re_format[pattern_idx][format_param][1] using values taken from t{} according to the capture identifier letters specified by patterns_t[pattern_idx][format_param][n] where n is 2.. ]] local re_formats = { ['ymd'] = { -- date format is ymd; reformat to: ['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'}, -- |df=mdy ['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'}, -- |df=dmy -- ['yMd'] = {'%s %s %s', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- |df=yMd; not supported at en.wiki }, ['Mdy'] = { -- date format is Mdy; reformat to: ['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'}, -- |df=dmy ['ymd'] = {'%s-%s-%s', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- |df=ymd -- ['yMd'] = {'%s %s %s', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- |df=yMd; not supported at en.wiki }, ['dMy'] = { -- date format is dMy; reformat to: ['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'}, -- |df=mdy ['ymd'] = {'%s-%s-%s', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- |df=ymd -- ['yMd'] = {'%s %s %s', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- |df=yMd; not supported at en.wiki }, ['Md-dy'] = { -- date format is Md-dy; reformat to: ['mdy'] = {'%s %s–%s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'd2', 'y'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['dmy'] = {'%s–%s %s %s', 'd', 'd2', 'm', 'y'}, -- |df=dmy -> d-dMy }, ['d-dMy'] = { -- date format is d-d>y; reformat to: ['dmy'] = {'%s–%s %s %s', 'd', 'd2', 'm', 'y'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['mdy'] = {'%s %s–%s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'd2', 'y'}, -- |df=mdy -> Md-dy }, ['dM-dMy'] = { -- date format is dM-dMy; reformat to: ['dmy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'd2', 'm2', 'y'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['mdy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'm2', 'd2', 'y'}, -- |df=mdy -> Md-Mdy }, ['Md-Mdy'] = { -- date format is Md-Mdy; reformat to: ['mdy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'm2', 'd2', 'y'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['dmy'] = {'%s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'd2', 'm2', 'y'}, -- |df=dmy -> dM-dMy }, ['dMy-dMy'] = { -- date format is dMy-dMy; reformat to: ['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'y2'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y', 'm2', 'd2', 'y2'}, -- |df=mdy -> Mdy-Mdy }, ['Mdy-Mdy'] = { -- date format is Mdy-Mdy; reformat to: ['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s – %s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y', 'm2', 'd2', 'y2'}, -- for long/short reformatting ['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s – %s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y', 'd2', 'm2', 'y2'}, -- |df=dmy -> dMy-dMy }, ['My-My'] = { -- these for long/short reformatting ['any'] = {'%s %s – %s %s', 'm', 'y', 'm2', 'y2'}, -- dmy/mdy agnostic }, ['M-My'] = { -- these for long/short reformatting ['any'] = {'%s–%s %s', 'm', 'm2', 'y'}, -- dmy/mdy agnostic }, ['My'] = { -- these for long/short reformatting ['any'] = {'%s %s', 'm', 'y'}, -- dmy/mdy agnostic }, -- ['yMd'] = { -- not supported at en.wiki -- ['mdy'] = {'%s %s, %s', 'm', 'd', 'y'}, -- |df=mdy -- ['dmy'] = {'%s %s %s', 'd', 'm', 'y'}, -- |df=dmy -- ['ymd'] = {'%s-%s-%s', 'y', 'm', 'd'}, -- |df=ymd -- }, } local function reformatter (date, pattern_idx, format_param, mon_len) if not in_array (pattern_idx, {'ymd', 'Mdy', 'Md-dy', 'dMy', 'yMd', 'd-dMy', 'dM-dMy', 'Md-Mdy', 'dMy-dMy', 'Mdy-Mdy', 'My-My', 'M-My', 'My'}) then return; -- not in this set of date format patterns_t then not a reformattable date end if 'ymd' == format_param and in_array (pattern_idx, {'ymd', 'Md-dy', 'd-dMy', 'dM-dMy', 'Md-Mdy', 'dMy-dMy', 'Mdy-Mdy', 'My-My', 'M-My', 'My'}) then return; -- ymd date ranges not supported at en.wiki; no point in reformatting ymd to ymd end if in_array (pattern_idx, {'My', 'M-My', 'My-My'}) then -- these are not dmy/mdy so can't be 'reformatted' into either format_param = 'any'; -- so format-agnostic end -- yMd is not supported at en.wiki; when yMd is supported at your wiki, uncomment the next line -- if 'yMd' == format_param and in_array (pattern_idx, {'yMd', 'Md-dy', 'd-dMy', 'dM-dMy', 'Md-Mdy', 'dMy-dMy', 'Mdy-Mdy'}) then -- these formats not convertable; yMd not supported at en.wiki if 'yMd' == format_param then -- yMd not supported at en.wiki; when yMd is supported at your wiki, remove or comment-out this line return; -- not a reformattable date end local c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7; -- these hold the captures specified in patterns_t[pattern_idx][1] c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7 = mw.ustring.match (date, patterns_t[pattern_idx][1]); -- get the captures local t = { -- table that holds k/v pairs of date parts from the captures and patterns_t[pattern_idx][2..] [patterns_t[pattern_idx][2]] = c1; -- at minimum there is always one capture with a matching indicator letter [patterns_t[pattern_idx][3] or 'x'] = c2; -- patterns_t can have a variable number of captures; each capture requires an indicator letter; [patterns_t[pattern_idx][4] or 'x'] = c3; -- where there is no capture, there is no indicator letter so n in patterns_t[pattern_idx][n] will be nil; [patterns_t[pattern_idx][5] or 'x'] = c4; -- the 'x' here spoofs an indicator letter to prevent 'table index is nil' error [patterns_t[pattern_idx][6] or 'x'] = c5; [patterns_t[pattern_idx][7] or 'x'] = c6; [patterns_t[pattern_idx][8] or 'x'] = c7; }; if t.a then -- if this date has an anchor year capture (all convertable date formats except ymd) if t.y2 then -- for year range date formats t.y2 = t.a; -- use the anchor year capture when reassembling the date else -- here for single date formats (except ymd) t.y = t.a; -- use the anchor year capture when reassembling the date end end if tonumber(t.m) then -- if raw month is a number (converting from ymd) if 's' == mon_len then -- if we are to use abbreviated month names t.m = cfg.date_names['inv_local_short'][tonumber(t.m)]; -- convert it to a month name else t.m = cfg.date_names['inv_local_long'][tonumber(t.m)]; -- convert it to a month name end t.d = t.d:gsub ('0(%d)', '%1'); -- strip leading '0' from day if present elseif 'ymd' == format_param then -- when converting to ymd t.y = t.y:gsub ('%a', ''); -- strip CITREF disambiguator if present; anchor year already known so process can proceed; TODO: maint message? if 1582 > tonumber (t.y) then -- ymd format dates not allowed before 1582 return; end t.m = string.format ('%02d', get_month_number (t.m)); -- make sure that month and day are two digits t.d = string.format ('%02d', t.d); elseif mon_len then -- if mon_len is set to either 'short' or 'long' for _, mon in ipairs ({'m', 'm2'}) do -- because there can be two month names, check both if t[mon] then t[mon] = get_month_number (t[mon]); -- get the month number for this month (is length agnostic) if 0 == t[mon] then return; end -- seasons and named dates can't be converted t[mon] = (('s' == mon_len) and cfg.date_names['inv_local_short'][t[mon]]) or cfg.date_names['inv_local_long'][t[mon]]; -- fetch month name according to length end end end local new_date = string.format (re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][1], -- format string t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][2]], -- named captures from t{} t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][3]], t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][4]], t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][5]], t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][6]], t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][7]], t[re_formats[pattern_idx][format_param][8]] ); return new_date; end --[[-------------------------< R E F O R M A T _ D A T E S >-------------------------------------------------- Reformats existing dates into the format specified by format. format is one of several manual keywords: dmy, dmy-all, mdy, mdy-all, ymd, ymd-all. The -all version includes access- and archive-dates; otherwise these dates are not reformatted. This function allows automatic date formatting. In ~/Configuration, the article source is searched for one of the {{use xxx dates}} templates. If found, xxx becomes the global date format as xxx-all. If |cs1-dates= in {{use xxx dates}} has legitimate value then that value determines how cs1|2 dates will be rendered. Legitimate values for |cs1-dates= are: l - all dates are rendered with long month names ls - publication dates use long month names; access-/archive-dates use abbreviated month names ly - publication dates use long month names; access-/archive-dates rendered in ymd format s - all dates are rendered with abbreviated (short) month names sy - publication dates use abbreviated month names; access-/archive-dates rendered in ymd format y - all dates are rendered in ymd format the format argument for automatic date formatting will be the format specified by {{use xxx dates}} with the value supplied by |cs1-dates so one of: xxx-l, xxx-ls, xxx-ly, xxx-s, xxx-sy, xxx-y, or simply xxx (|cs1-dates= empty, omitted, or invalid) where xxx shall be either of dmy or mdy. dates are extracted from date_parameters_list, reformatted (if appropriate), and then written back into the list in the new format. Dates in date_parameters_list are presumed here to be valid (no errors). This function returns true when a date has been reformatted, false else. Actual reformatting is done by reformatter(). ]] local function reformat_dates (date_parameters_list, format) local all = false; -- set to false to skip access- and archive-dates local len_p = 'l'; -- default publication date length shall be long local len_a = 'l'; -- default access-/archive-date length shall be long local result = false; local new_date; if format:match('%a+%-all') then -- manual df keyword; auto df keyword when length not specified in {{use xxx dates}}; format = format:match('(%a+)%-all'); -- extract the format all = true; -- all dates are long format dates because this keyword doesn't specify length elseif format:match('%a+%-[lsy][sy]?') then -- auto df keywords; internal only all = true; -- auto df applies to all dates; use length specified by capture len_p for all dates format, len_p, len_a = format:match('(%a+)%-([lsy])([sy]?)'); -- extract the format and length keywords if 'y' == len_p then -- because allowed by MOS:DATEUNIFY (sort of) range dates and My dates not reformatted format = 'ymd'; -- override {{use xxx dates}} elseif (not is_set(len_a)) or (len_p == len_a) then -- no access-/archive-date length specified or same length as publication dates then len_a = len_p; -- in case len_a not set end end -- else only publication dates and they are long for param_name, param_val in pairs (date_parameters_list) do -- for each date-holding parameter in the list if is_set (param_val.val) then -- if the parameter has a value if not (not all and in_array (param_name, {'access-date', 'archive-date'})) then -- skip access- or archive-date unless format is xxx-all; yeah, ugly; TODO: find a better way for pattern_idx, pattern in pairs (patterns_t) do if mw.ustring.match (param_val.val, pattern[1]) then if all and in_array (param_name, {'access-date', 'archive-date'}) then -- if this date is an access- or archive-date new_date = reformatter (param_val.val, pattern_idx, (('y' == len_a) and 'ymd') or format, len_a); -- choose ymd or dmy/mdy according to len_a setting else -- all other dates new_date = reformatter (param_val.val, pattern_idx, format, len_p); end if new_date then -- set when date was reformatted date_parameters_list[param_name].val = new_date; -- update date in date list result = true; -- and announce that changes have been made break; end end -- if end -- for end -- if end -- if end -- for return result; -- declare boolean result and done end --[[--------------------------< D A T E _ H Y P H E N _ T O _ D A S H >---------------------------------------- Loops through the list of date-holding parameters and converts any hyphen to an ndash. Not called if the cs1|2 template has any date errors. Modifies the date_parameters_list and returns true if hyphens are replaced, else returns false. ]] local function date_hyphen_to_dash (date_parameters_list) local result = false; local n; for param_name, param_val in pairs(date_parameters_list) do -- for each date-holding parameter in the list if is_set (param_val.val) and not mw.ustring.match (param_val.val, patterns_t.ymd[1]) then -- for those that are not ymd dates (ustring because here digits may not be Western) param_val.val, n = param_val.val:gsub ('%-', '–'); -- replace any hyphen with ndash if 0 ~= n then date_parameters_list[param_name].val = param_val.val; -- update the list result = true; end end end return result; -- so we know if any hyphens were replaced end --[[-------------------------< D A T E _ N A M E _ X L A T E >------------------------------------------------ Attempts to translate English date names to local-language date names using names supplied by MediaWiki's date parser function. This is simple name-for-name replacement and may not work for all languages. if xlat_dig is true, this function will also translate Western (English) digits to the local language's digits. This will also translate ymd dates. ]] local function date_name_xlate (date_parameters_list, xlt_dig) local xlate; local modified = false; local date; local sources_t = { {cfg.date_names.en.long, cfg.date_names.inv_local_long}, -- for translating long English month names to long local month names {cfg.date_names.en.short, cfg.date_names.inv_local_short}, -- short month names {cfg.date_names.en.quarter, cfg.date_names.inv_local_quarter}, -- quarter date names {cfg.date_names.en.season, cfg.date_names.inv_local_season}, -- season date nam {cfg.date_names.en.named, cfg.date_names.inv_local_named}, -- named dates } local function is_xlateable (month) -- local function to get local date name that replaces existing English-language date name for _, date_names_t in ipairs (sources_t) do -- for each sequence table in date_names_t if date_names_t[1][month] then -- if date name is English month (long or short), quarter, season or named and if date_names_t[2][date_names_t[1][month]] then -- if there is a matching local date name return date_names_t[2][date_names_t[1][month]]; -- return the local date name end end end end for param_name, param_val in pairs(date_parameters_list) do -- for each date-holding parameter in the list if is_set(param_val.val) then -- if the parameter has a value date = param_val.val; for month in mw.ustring.gmatch (date, '[%a ]+') do -- iterate through all date names in the date (single date or date range) month = mw.text.trim (month); -- this because quarterly dates contain whitespace xlate = is_xlateable (month); -- get translate <month>; returns translation or nil if xlate then date = mw.ustring.gsub (date, month, xlate); -- replace the English with the translation date_parameters_list[param_name].val = date; -- save the translated date modified = true; end end if xlt_dig then -- shall we also translate digits? date = date:gsub ('%d', cfg.date_names.xlate_digits); -- translate digits from Western to 'local digits' date_parameters_list[param_name].val = date; -- save the translated date modified = true; end end end return modified; end --[[--------------------------< S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S >-------------------------------------- Sets local imported functions table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules. ]] local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr, utilities_page_ptr) add_prop_cat = utilities_page_ptr.add_prop_cat ; -- import functions from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities module is_set = utilities_page_ptr.is_set; in_array = utilities_page_ptr.in_array; set_message = utilities_page_ptr.set_message; substitute = utilities_page_ptr.substitute; wrap_style = utilities_page_ptr.wrap_style; cfg = cfg_table_ptr; -- import tables from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration end --[[--------------------------< A R C H I V E _ D A T E _ C H E C K >------------------------------------------ Compare value in |archive-date= with the timestamp in Wayback machine urls. Emits an error message with suggested date from the |archive-url= timestamp in an appropriate format when the value in |archive-date= does not match the timestamp. this function never called when any date in a cs1|2 template has errors error message suggests new |archive-date= value in an appropriate format specified by <df>. <df> is either |df= or cfg.global_df in that order. If <df> is nil, suggested date has format from |archive-date=. There is a caveat: when |df=dmy or |df=mdy, the reformatter leaves |access-date= and |archive-date= formats as they are. The error message suggested date is passed to the formatter as YYYY-MM-DD so when |df=dmy or |df=mdy, the format is not changed. ]] local function archive_date_check (archive_date, archive_url_timestamp, df) local archive_date_format = 'dmy-y'; -- holds the date format of date in |archive-date; default to ymd; 'dmy' used here to spoof reformat_dates() for _, v_t in ipairs ({{'dMy', 'dmy-all'}, {'Mdy', 'mdy-all'}}) do -- is |archive-date= format dmy or mdy? if archive_date:match (patterns_t[v_t[1]][1]) then -- does the pattern match? archive_date_format = cfg.keywords_xlate[v_t[2]]; -- get appropriate |df= supported keyword from the i18n translator table break; end end local dates_t = {}; dates_t['archive-date'] = {val=archive_date, name=''}; -- setup to call reformat_dates(); never called when errors so <name> unset as not needed reformat_dates (dates_t, 'dmy-y'); -- reformat |archive-date= to ymd; 'dmy' used here to spoof reformat_dates() local archive_url_date = archive_url_timestamp:gsub ('(%d%d%d%d)(%d%d)(%d%d)%d*', '%1-%2-%3'); -- make ymd format date from timestamp if dates_t['archive-date'].val == archive_url_date then -- are the two dates the same return; -- yes, done else dates_t['archive-date'] = {val=archive_url_date, name=''}; -- setup to call reformat_dates() with the timestamp date reformat_dates (dates_t, df or archive_date_format); -- reformat timestamp to format specified by <df> or format used in |archive-date= archive_url_date = dates_t['archive-date'].val; set_message ('err_archive_date_url_ts_mismatch', archive_url_date); -- emit an error message end end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------ ]] return { -- return exported functions archive_date_check = archive_date_check, date_hyphen_to_dash = date_hyphen_to_dash, date_name_xlate = date_name_xlate, dates = dates, is_valid_date = is_valid_date, reformat_dates = reformat_dates, set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules, year_check = year_check, year_date_check = year_date_check, } t2d5ocm3ym8yza0dgkl1tstgc2yr6dq 828 6305 366692 352564 2026-08-08T13:56:47Z en>Trappist the monk 0 synch from sandbox; 366692 Scribunto text/plain --[[--------------------------< F O R W A R D D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------------- ]] local has_accept_as_written, is_set, in_array, set_message, select_one, -- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities substitute, make_wikilink; local cfg; -- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration --[[--------------------------< P A G E S C O P E V A R I A B L E S >-------------------------------------- declare variables here that have page-wide scope that are not brought in from other modules; that are created here and used here ]] local auto_link_urls = {}; -- holds identifier URLs for those identifiers that can auto-link |title= --============================<< H E L P E R F U N C T I O N S >>============================================ --[[--------------------------< W I K I D A T A _ A R T I C L E _ N A M E _ G E T >---------------------------- as an aid to internationalizing identifier-label wikilinks, gets identifier article names from Wikidata. returns w:<lang code>:<article title> when <q> has an <article title> for <lang code>; nil else. 'w:<lang code>' ensures that sister project (like wiktionary) will link to the <lang code>.wikipedia article. for identifiers that do not have <q>, returns nil for wikis that do not have mw.wikibase installed, returns nil ]] local function wikidata_article_name_get (q) if not is_set (q) or (q and not mw.wikibase) then -- when no q number or when a q number but mw.wikibase not installed on this wiki return nil; -- abandon end local wd_article; local this_wiki_code = cfg.this_wiki_code; -- Wikipedia subdomain; 'en' for en.wikipedia.org wd_article = mw.wikibase.getSitelink (q, this_wiki_code .. 'wiki'); -- fetch article title from WD; nil when no title available at this wiki if wd_article then wd_article = table.concat ({'w:', this_wiki_code, ':', wd_article}); -- interwiki-style link without brackets if taken from WD; leading 'w:' required end return wd_article; -- article title from WD; nil else end --[[--------------------------< L A B E L _ L I N K _ M A K E >------------------------------------------------ common function to create a link for an identifier label from handler table or from Wikidata returns the first available of: 1. redirect from local wiki's handler table (if enabled) 2. Wikidata sitelink to the local language wikipedia article (if there is a Wikidata entry for this identifier in the local language) 3. link to wikipedia article specified in the local wiki's handler table ]] local function label_link_make (handler) local wd_article; if not (cfg.use_identifier_redirects and is_set (handler.redirect)) then -- redirect has priority so if enabled and available don't fetch from Wikidata because expensive wd_article = wikidata_article_name_get (handler.q); -- if Wikidata has an article title for this wiki, get it; end return (cfg.use_identifier_redirects and is_set (handler.redirect) and handler.redirect) or wd_article or handler.link; end --[[--------------------------< E X T E R N A L _ L I N K _ I D >---------------------------------------------- Formats a wiki-style external link ]] local function external_link_id (options) local url_string = options.id; local ext_link; if options.encode == true or options.encode == nil then url_string = mw.uri.encode (url_string, 'PATH'); end if options.auto_link and is_set (options.access) then auto_link_urls[options.auto_link] = table.concat ({options.prefix, url_string, options.suffix}); end ext_link = mw.ustring.format ('[%s%s%s %s]', options.prefix, url_string, options.suffix or "", mw.text.nowiki (options.id)); if is_set (options.access) then ext_link = substitute (cfg.presentation['ext-link-access-signal'], {cfg.presentation[options.access].class, cfg.presentation[options.access].title, ext_link}); -- add the free-to-read / paywall lock end return table.concat ({ make_wikilink (label_link_make (options), options.label), -- redirect, Wikidata link, or locally specified link (in that order) options.separator or '&nbsp;', ext_link }); end --[[--------------------------< I N T E R N A L _ L I N K _ I D >---------------------------------------------- Formats a wiki-style internal link TODO: Does not currently need to support options.access, options.encode, auto-linking and COinS (as in external_link_id), but may be needed in the future for :m:Interwiki_map custom-prefixes like :arxiv:, :bibcode:, :DOI:, :hdl:, :ISSN:, :JSTOR:, :Openlibrary:, :PMID:, :RFC:. ]] local function internal_link_id (options) local id = mw.ustring.gsub (options.id, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits); -- translate 'local' digits to Western 0-9 return table.concat ( { make_wikilink (label_link_make (options), options.label), -- wiki-link the identifier label options.separator or '&nbsp;', -- add the separator make_wikilink ( table.concat ( { options.prefix, id, -- translated to Western digits options.suffix or '' }), substitute (cfg.presentation['bdi'], {'', mw.text.nowiki (options.id)}) -- bdi tags to prevent Latin script identifiers from being reversed at RTL language wikis ); -- nowiki because MediaWiki still has magic links for ISBN and the like; TODO: is it really required? }); end --[[--------------------------< I S _ E M B A R G O E D >------------------------------------------------------ Determines if a PMC identifier's online version is embargoed. Compares the date in |pmc-embargo-date= against today's date. If embargo date is in the future, returns the content of |pmc-embargo-date=; otherwise, returns an empty string because the embargo has expired or because |pmc-embargo-date= was not set in this cite. ]] local function is_embargoed (embargo) if is_set (embargo) then local lang = mw.getContentLanguage(); local good1, embargo_date, todays_date; good1, embargo_date = pcall (lang.formatDate, lang, 'U', embargo); todays_date = lang:formatDate ('U'); if good1 then -- if embargo date is a good date if tonumber (embargo_date) >= tonumber (todays_date) then -- is embargo date is in the future? return embargo; -- still embargoed else set_message ('maint_pmc_embargo'); -- embargo has expired; add main cat return ''; -- unset because embargo has expired end end end return ''; -- |pmc-embargo-date= not set return empty string end --[=[-------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ R X I V _ D A T E >------------------------------------------ for biorxiv, returns true if: 2019-12-11T00:00Z <= biorxiv_date < today + 2 days for medrxiv, returns true if: 2020-01-01T00:00Z <= medrxiv_date < today + 2 days The dated form of biorxiv identifier has a start date of 2019-12-11. The Unix timestamp for that date is {{#time:U|2019-12-11}} = 1576022400 The medrxiv identifier has a start date of 2020-01-01. The Unix timestamp for that date is {{#time:U|2020-01-01}} = 1577836800 <rxiv_date> is the date provided in those |biorxiv= parameter values that are dated and in |medrxiv= parameter values at time 00:00:00 UTC <today> is the current date at time 00:00:00 UTC plus 48 hours if today's date is 2023-01-01T00:00:00 then adding 24 hours gives 2023-01-02T00:00:00 – one second more than today adding 24 hours gives 2023-01-03T00:00:00 – one second more than tomorrow inputs: <y>, <m>, <d> – year, month, day parts of the date from the birxiv or medrxiv identifier <select> 'b' for biorxiv, 'm' for medrxiv; defaults to 'b' ]=] local function is_valid_rxiv_date (y, m, d, select) if 0 == tonumber (m) and 12 < tonumber (m) then -- <m> must be a number 1–12 return false; end if 0 == tonumber (d) and 31 < tonumber (d) then -- <d> must be a number 1–31; TODO: account for month length and leap yer? return false; end local rxiv_date = table.concat ({y, m, d}, '-'); -- make ymd date string local good1, good2; local rxiv_ts, tomorrow_ts; -- to hold Unix timestamps representing the dates local lang_object = mw.getContentLanguage(); good1, rxiv_ts = pcall (lang_object.formatDate, lang_object, 'U', rxiv_date); -- convert rxiv_date value to Unix timestamp good2, tomorrow_ts = pcall (lang_object.formatDate, lang_object, 'U', 'today + 2 days' ); -- today midnight + 2 days is one second more than all day tomorrow if good1 and good2 then -- lang.formatDate() returns a timestamp in the local script which tonumber() may not understand rxiv_ts = tonumber (rxiv_ts) or lang_object:parseFormattedNumber (rxiv_ts); -- convert to numbers for the comparison; tomorrow_ts = tonumber (tomorrow_ts) or lang_object:parseFormattedNumber (tomorrow_ts); else return false; -- one or both failed to convert to Unix timestamp end local limit_ts = ((select and ('m' == select)) and 1577836800) or 1576022400; -- choose the appropriate limit timesatmp return ((limit_ts <= rxiv_ts) and (rxiv_ts < tomorrow_ts)) -- limit_ts <= rxiv_date < tomorrow's date end --[[--------------------------< IS _ V A L I D _ I S X N >----------------------------------------------------- ISBN-10 and ISSN validator code calculates checksum across all ISBN/ISSN digits including the check digit. ISBN-13 is checked in isbn(). If the number is valid the result will be 0. Before calling this function, ISBN/ISSN must be checked for length and stripped of dashes, spaces and other non-ISxN characters. ]] local function is_valid_isxn (isxn_str, len) local temp = 0; isxn_str = { isxn_str:byte(1, len) }; -- make a table of byte values '0' → 0x30 .. '9' → 0x39, 'X' → 0x58 len = len + 1; -- adjust to be a loop counter for i, v in ipairs (isxn_str) do -- loop through all of the bytes and calculate the checksum if v == string.byte ("X" ) then -- if checkdigit is X (compares the byte value of 'X' which is 0x58) temp = temp + 10 * (len - i); -- it represents 10 decimal else temp = temp + tonumber (string.char (v) )*(len-i); end end return temp % 11 == 0; -- returns true if calculation result is zero end --[[--------------------------< IS _ V A L I D _ I S X N _ 1 3 >----------------------------------------------- ISBN-13 and ISMN validator code calculates checksum across all 13 ISBN/ISMN digits including the check digit. If the number is valid, the result will be 0. Before calling this function, ISBN-13/ISMN must be checked for length and stripped of dashes, spaces and other non-ISxN-13 characters. ]] local function is_valid_isxn_13 (isxn_str) local temp=0; isxn_str = { isxn_str:byte(1, 13) }; -- make a table of byte values '0' → 0x30 .. '9' → 0x39 for i, v in ipairs (isxn_str) do temp = temp + (3 - 2*(i % 2)) * tonumber (string.char (v) ); -- multiply odd index digits by 1, even index digits by 3 and sum; includes check digit end return temp % 10 == 0; -- sum modulo 10 is zero when ISBN-13/ISMN is correct end --[[--------------------------< N O R M A L I Z E _ L C C N >-------------------------------------------------- LCCN normalization (https://www.loc.gov/marc/lccn-namespace.html#normalization) 1. Remove all blanks. 2. If there is a forward slash (/) in the string, remove it, and remove all characters to the right of the forward slash. 3. If there is a hyphen in the string: a. Remove it. b. Inspect the substring following (to the right of) the (removed) hyphen. Then (and assuming that steps 1 and 2 have been carried out): 1. All these characters should be digits, and there should be six or less. (not done in this function) 2. If the length of the substring is less than 6, left-fill the substring with zeroes until the length is six. Returns a normalized LCCN for lccn() to validate. There is no error checking (step 3.b.1) performed in this function. ]] local function normalize_lccn (lccn) lccn = lccn:gsub ("%s", ""); -- 1. strip whitespace if nil ~= string.find (lccn, '/') then lccn = lccn:match ("(.-)/"); -- 2. remove forward slash and all character to the right of it end local prefix local suffix prefix, suffix = lccn:match ("(.+)%-(.+)"); -- 3.a remove hyphen by splitting the string into prefix and suffix if nil ~= suffix then -- if there was a hyphen suffix = string.rep("0", 6-string.len (suffix)) .. suffix; -- 3.b.2 left fill the suffix with 0s if suffix length less than 6 lccn = prefix..suffix; -- reassemble the LCCN end return lccn; end --============================<< I D E N T I F I E R F U N C T I O N S >>==================================== --[[--------------------------< A R X I V >-------------------------------------------------------------------- See: https://arxiv.org/help/arxiv_identifier format and error check arXiv identifier. There are three valid forms of the identifier: the first form, valid only between date codes 9107 and 0703, is: arXiv:<archive>.<class>/<date code><number><version> where: <archive> is a string of alpha characters - may be hyphenated; no other punctuation <class> is a string of alpha characters - may be hyphenated; no other punctuation; not the same as |class= parameter which is not supported in this form <date code> is four digits in the form YYMM where YY is the last two digits of the four-digit year and MM is the month number January = 01 first digit of YY for this form can only 9 and 0 <number> is a three-digit number <version> is a 1 or more digit number preceded with a lowercase v; no spaces (undocumented) the second form, valid from April 2007 through December 2014 is: arXiv:<date code>.<number><version> where: <date code> is four digits in the form YYMM where YY is the last two digits of the four-digit year and MM is the month number January = 01 <number> is a four-digit number <version> is a 1 or more digit number preceded with a lowercase v; no spaces the third form, valid from January 2015 is: arXiv:<date code>.<number><version> where: <date code> and <version> are as defined for 0704-1412 <number> is a five-digit number ]] local function arxiv (options) local id = options.id; local class = options.Class; -- TODO: lowercase? local handler = options.handler; local year, month; local err_msg = false; -- assume no error message local text; -- output text if id:match("^%a[%a%.%-]+/[90]%d[01]%d%d%d%d$") or id:match("^%a[%a%.%-]+/[90]%d[01]%d%d%d%dv%d+$") then -- test for the 9107-0703 format with or without version year, month = id:match("^%a[%a%.%-]+/([90]%d)([01]%d)%d%d%d[v%d]*$"); year = tonumber (year); month = tonumber (month); if ((not (90 < year or 8 > year)) or (1 > month or 12 < month)) or -- if invalid year or invalid month ((91 == year and 7 > month) or (7 == year and 3 < month)) then -- if years ok, are starting and ending months ok? err_msg = true; -- flag for error message end elseif id:match("^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%d$") or id:match("^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%dv%d+$") then -- test for the 0704-1412 with or without version year, month = id:match("^(%d%d)([01]%d)%.%d%d%d%d[v%d]*$"); year = tonumber (year); month = tonumber (month); if ((7 > year) or (14 < year) or (1 > month or 12 < month)) or -- is year invalid or is month invalid? (doesn't test for future years) ((7 == year) and (4 > month)) then -- when year is 07, is month invalid (before April)? err_msg = true; -- flag for error message end elseif id:match("^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%d%d$") or id:match("^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$") then -- test for the 1501- format with or without version year, month = id:match("^(%d%d)([01]%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d[v%d]*$"); year = tonumber (year); month = tonumber (month); if ((15 > year) or (1 > month or 12 < month)) then -- is year invalid or is month invalid? (doesn't test for future years) err_msg = true; -- flag for error message end else err_msg = true; -- not a recognized format; flag for error message end if err_msg then options.coins_list_t['ARXIV'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end if err_msg then set_message ('err_bad_arxiv'); end text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access}); if is_set (class) then if id:match ('^%d+') then text = table.concat ({text, ' [[https://arxiv.org/archive/', class, ' ', class, ']]'}); -- external link within square brackets, not wikilink else set_message ('err_class_ignored'); end else -- class not set if id:match ('^%d+') and options.CitationClass == 'arxiv' then -- new (post 2007) format; {{cite arxiv}} only set_message ('maint_missing_class'); -- add maint cat end end return text; end --[[--------------------------< B I B C O D E >-------------------------------------------------------------------- Validates (sort of) and formats a bibcode ID. Format for bibcodes is specified here: https://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs_doc/help_pages/data.html#bibcodes But, this: 2015arXiv151206696F is apparently valid so apparently, the only things that really matter are length, 19 characters and first four digits must be a year. This function makes these tests: length must be 19 characters characters in position 1–4 must be digits and must represent a year in the range of 1000 – next year 5 must be a letter 6–8 must be letter, digit, ampersand, or dot (ampersand cannot directly precede a dot; &. ) 9–18 must be letter, digit, or dot 19 must be a letter or dot ]] local function bibcode (options) local id = options.id; local access = options.access; local handler = options.handler; local ignore_invalid = options.accept; local err_type; local year; local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access}); if 19 ~= id:len() then err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.length; else year = id:match ("^(%d%d%d%d)[%a][%w&%.][%w&%.][%w&%.][%w.]+[%a%.]$"); if not year then -- if nil then no pattern match err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.value; -- so value error else local next_year = tonumber (os.date ('%Y')) + 1; -- get the current year as a number and add one for next year year = tonumber (year); -- convert year portion of bibcode to a number if (1000 > year) or (year > next_year) then err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.year; -- year out of bounds end if id:find('&%.') then err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.journal; -- journal abbreviation must not have '&.' (if it does it's missing a letter) end if id:match ('.........%.tmp%.') then -- temporary bibcodes when positions 10–14 are '.tmp.' set_message ('maint_bibcode'); end end end if is_set (err_type) and not ignore_invalid then -- if there was an error detected and accept-as-written markup not used set_message ('err_bad_bibcode', {err_type}); options.coins_list_t['BIBCODE'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return text; end --[[--------------------------< B I O R X I V >----------------------------------------------------------------- Format bioRxiv ID and do simple error checking. Before 2019-12-11, biorXiv IDs were 10.1101/ followed by exactly 6 digits. After 2019-12-11, biorXiv IDs retained the six-digit identifier but prefixed that with a yyyy.mm.dd. date and suffixed with an optional version identifier. From December 2025 biorxiv added a new 'doi' prefix: 10.64898: 10.64898/2025.12.10.693067 The bioRxiv ID is the string of characters: https://doi.org/10.1101/078733 -> 10.1101/078733 or a date followed by a six-digit number followed by an optional version indicator 'v' and one or more digits: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.11.123456v2 -> 10.1101/2019.12.11.123456v2 see https://www.biorxiv.org/about-biorxiv ]] local function biorxiv (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local err_msg = true; -- flag; assume that there will be an error local patterns = { '^10%.1101/%d%d%d%d%d%d$', -- simple 6-digit identifier (before 2019-12-11) '^10%.1101/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$', -- y.m.d. date + 6-digit identifier + version (after 2019-12-11) '^10%.1101/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d$', -- y.m.d. date + 6-digit identifier (after 2019-12-11) '^10%.64898/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$', -- y.m.d. date + 6-digit identifier + version (from December 2025) '^10%.64898/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d$', -- y.m.d. date + 6-digit identifier (from December 2025) } for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do -- spin through the patterns looking for a match if id:match (pattern) then local y, m, d = id:match (pattern); -- found a match, attempt to get year, month and date from the identifier if m then -- m is nil when id is the six-digit form if not is_valid_rxiv_date (y, m, d, 'b') then -- validate the encoded date; 'b' for biorxiv limit break; -- date fail; break out early so we don't unset the error message end end err_msg = nil; -- we found a match so unset the error message break; -- and done end end -- err_cat remains set here when no match if err_msg then options.coins_list_t['BIORXIV'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS set_message ('err_bad_biorxiv'); -- and set the error message end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access}); end --[[--------------------------< C I T E S E E R X >------------------------------------------------------------ CiteSeerX use their own notion of "doi" (not to be confused with the identifiers resolved via doi.org). The description of the structure of this identifier can be found at Help_talk:Citation_Style_1/Archive_26#CiteSeerX_id_structure ]] local function citeseerx (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local matched; local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access}); matched = id:match ("^10%.1%.1%.[1-9]%d?%d?%d?%.[1-9]%d?%d?%d?$"); if not matched then set_message ('err_bad_citeseerx' ); options.coins_list_t['CITESEERX'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return text; end --[[--------------------------< D O I >------------------------------------------------------------------------ Formats a DOI and checks for DOI errors. DOI names contain two parts: prefix and suffix separated by a forward slash. Prefix: directory indicator '10.' followed by a registrant code Suffix: character string of any length chosen by the registrant This function checks a DOI name for: prefix/suffix. If the DOI name contains spaces or endashes, or, if it ends with a period or a comma, this function will emit a bad_doi error message. DOI names are case-insensitive and can incorporate any printable Unicode characters so the test for spaces, endash, and terminal punctuation may not be technically correct but it appears, that in practice these characters are rarely if ever used in DOI names. https://www.doi.org/doi_handbook/2_Numbering.html -- 2.2 Syntax of a DOI name https://www.doi.org/doi_handbook/2_Numbering.html#2.2.2 -- 2.2.2 DOI prefix ]] local function doi (options) local id = options.id; local inactive = options.DoiBroken local access = options.access; local ignore_invalid = options.accept; local handler = options.handler; local err_flag; -- error flag for errors that may not be ignored local ignorable_err_flag; -- error flag for ((ignorable)) errors local function is_extended_free (registrant, suffix) -- local function to check those few registrants that are mixed; identifiable by the doi suffix <incipit> suffix = suffix:lower(); -- ascii [a-z] same as [A-Z] in doi names; see §3.4.4 Case Insensitivity of the Doi Name if cfg.extended_registrants_t[registrant] then -- if this registrant has known free-to-read extentions for _, incipit in ipairs (cfg.extended_registrants_t[registrant]) do -- loop through the registrant's incipits if mw.ustring.find (suffix, '^' .. incipit:lower()) then -- ascii [a-z] same as [A-Z] in doi names return true; -- if found done end end end end local text; if is_set (inactive) then local inactive_year = inactive:match("%d%d%d%d"); -- try to get the year portion from the inactive date local inactive_month, good; if is_set (inactive_year) then if 4 < inactive:len() then -- inactive date has more than just a year (could be anything) local lang_obj = mw.getContentLanguage(); -- get a language object for this wiki good, inactive_month = pcall (lang_obj.formatDate, lang_obj, 'F', inactive); -- try to get the month name from the inactive date if not good then inactive_month = nil; -- something went wrong so make sure this is unset end end end -- otherwise, |doi-broken-date= has something but it isn't a date if is_set (inactive_year) and is_set (inactive_month) then set_message ('maint_doi_inactive_dated', {inactive_year, inactive_month, ' '}); elseif is_set (inactive_year) then set_message ('maint_doi_inactive_dated', {inactive_year, '', ''}); else set_message ('maint_doi_inactive'); end inactive = substitute (cfg.messages['inactive'], inactive ); end local registrant, suffix = mw.ustring.match (id, '^10%.([^/]+)/([^%s–]+)$'); -- registrant and suffix set when DOI has the proper basic form; both nil else if suffix then if suffix:match ('[%.,]$') then -- |doi= has basic form but suffix has trailing dot or comma ignorable_err_flag = true; -- set the flag so that we can emit an error message if not ignored end else -- here when |doi= does not have proper basic form err_flag = true; -- set the non-ignorable error flag ignore_invalid = false; -- unset because this error may not be ignored end local registrant_err_patterns = { -- these patterns are for code ranges that are not supported '^[^1-3]%d%d%d%d%.%d+$', -- 5 digits with subcode (reject 0xxxx, 40000+); accepts: 10000–39999 '^[^1-8]%d%d%d%d$', -- 5 digits without subcode (reject 0xxxx, 90000+); accepts: 10000–89999 '^[^1-9]%d%d%d%.%d+$', -- 4 digits with subcode (reject 0xxx); accepts: 1000–9999 '^[^1-9]%d%d%d$', -- 4 digits without subcode (reject 0xxx); accepts: 1000–9999 '^%d%d%d%d%d%d+', -- 6 or more digits '^%d%d?%d?$', -- less than 4 digits without subcode (3 digits with subcode is legitimate) '^%d%d?%.[%d%.]+', -- 1 or 2 digits with subcode '^5555$', -- test registrant will never resolve '[^%d%.]', -- any character that isn't a digit or a dot } if not err_flag then -- when DOI has proper form; <err_flag> is true when |doi= is malformed if not ignore_invalid then -- when we're not ignoring errors if registrant then -- when DOI has proper form for i, pattern in ipairs (registrant_err_patterns) do -- spin through error patterns if registrant:match (pattern) then -- to validate registrant codes ignorable_err_flag = true; -- when found, mark this DOI as bad break; -- and done end end end else -- here when ignoring invalid |doi= values ignorable_err_flag = false; -- unset so we don't emit an error message for ignorable errors set_message ('maint_doi_ignore'); -- add maint message when doi is properly formatted end end if err_flag or ignorable_err_flag then set_message ('err_bad_doi'); -- invalid |doi= value; emit an error message options.coins_list_t['DOI'] = nil; -- when in error, unset so |doi= value not included in COinS else -- here when doi has no errors or has been wrapped in accept-as-written markup suffix = mw.ustring.match (id, '^10%.[^/]+/(.+)'); -- refetch suffix because doi may have been wrapped in accept-as-written markup if not access and (cfg.known_free_doi_registrants_t[registrant] or is_extended_free (registrant, suffix)) then -- |doi-access=free not set and <registrant> is known to be free set_message ('maint_doi_unflagged_free'); -- set a maint cat end end text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access, auto_link = not (err_flag or is_set (inactive) or ignore_invalid) and 'doi' or nil -- do not auto-link when |doi-broken-date= has a value or when there is a DOI error or (to play it safe, after all, auto-linking is not essential) when invalid DOIs are ignored }) .. (inactive or ''); return text; end --[[--------------------------< H D L >------------------------------------------------------------------------ Formats an HDL with minor error checking. HDL names contain two parts: prefix and suffix separated by a forward slash. Prefix: character string using any character in the UCS-2 character set except '/' Suffix: character string of any length using any character in the UCS-2 character set chosen by the registrant This function checks a HDL name for: prefix/suffix. If the HDL name contains spaces, endashes, or, if it ends with a period or a comma, this function will emit a bad_hdl error message. HDL names are case-insensitive and can incorporate any printable Unicode characters so the test for endashes and terminal punctuation may not be technically correct but it appears, that in practice these characters are rarely if ever used in HDLs. Query string parameters are named here: https://www.handle.net/proxy_servlet.html. query strings are not displayed but since '?' is an allowed character in an HDL, '?' followed by one of the query parameters is the only way we have to detect the query string so that it isn't URL-encoded with the rest of the identifier. ]] local function hdl (options) local id = options.id; local access = options.access; local handler = options.handler; local query_params_t = { -- list of known query parameters from https://www.handle.net/proxy_servlet.html 'noredirect', 'ignore_aliases', 'auth', 'cert', 'index', 'type', 'urlappend', 'locatt', 'action', } local handle, suffix, param = id:match ('(.-)(%?(%a+).+)$'); -- look for query string local found; if handle then -- when there are query strings, this is the handle identifier portion for _, q in ipairs (query_params_t) do -- spin through the list of query parameters if param:match ('^' .. q) then -- if the query string begins with one of the parameters found = true; -- announce a find break; -- and stop looking end end end if found then id = handle; -- found so replace id with the handle portion; this will be URL-encoded, suffix will not else suffix = ''; -- make sure suffix is empty string for concatenation else end local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, suffix = suffix, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access}) if nil == id:match("^[^%s–]-/[^%s–]-[^%.,]$") then -- HDL must contain a forward slash, must not contain spaces, endashes, and must not end with period or comma set_message ('err_bad_hdl' ); options.coins_list_t['HDL'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return text; end --[[--------------------------< I S B N >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Determines whether an ISBN string is valid ]] local function isbn (options_t) local isbn_str = options_t.id; local ignore_invalid = options_t.accept; local handler = options_t.handler; local year = options_t.Year; -- when set, valid anchor_year; may have a disambiguator which must be removed local function return_result (check, err_type) -- local function to handle the various returns local ISBN = internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = isbn_str, separator = handler.separator}); if ignore_invalid then -- if ignoring ISBN errors set_message ('maint_isbn_ignore'); -- add a maint category even when there is no error else -- here when not ignoring if not check then -- and there is an error options_t.coins_list_t['ISBN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS set_message ('err_bad_isbn', err_type); -- set an error message return ISBN; -- return id text end end return ISBN; -- return id text end if year and not ignore_invalid then -- year = year:match ('%d%d%d%d?'); -- strip disambiguator if present if year and (1965 > tonumber(year)) then -- <year> will be nil here when |year=n.d. or |year=nd set_message ('err_invalid_isbn_date'); -- set an error message return internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = isbn_str, separator = handler.separator}); end end if nil ~= isbn_str:match ('[^%s-0-9X]') then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.char); -- fail if isbn_str contains anything but digits, hyphens, or the uppercase X end local id = isbn_str:gsub ('[%s-]', ''); -- remove hyphens and whitespace local len = id:len(); if len ~= 10 and len ~= 13 then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.length); -- fail if incorrect length end if len == 10 then if id:match ('^%d*X?$') == nil then -- fail if isbn_str has 'X' anywhere but last position return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.form); end if not is_valid_isxn (id, 10) then -- test isbn-10 for numerical validity return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.check); -- fail if isbn-10 is not numerically valid end if id:find ('^63[01]') then -- 630xxxxxxx and 631xxxxxxx are (apparently) not valid isbn group ids but are used by amazon as numeric identifiers (asin) return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.group); -- fail if isbn-10 begins with 630/1 end return return_result (true, cfg.err_msg_supl.check); -- pass if isbn-10 is numerically valid else if id:match ('^%d+$') == nil then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.char); -- fail if ISBN-13 is not all digits end if id:match ('^97[89]%d*$') == nil then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.prefix); -- fail when ISBN-13 does not begin with 978 or 979 end if id:match ('^9790') then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.group); -- group identifier '0' is reserved to ISMN end return return_result (is_valid_isxn_13 (id), cfg.err_msg_supl.check); end end --[[--------------------------< A S I N >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Formats a link to Amazon. Do simple error checking: ASIN must be mix of 10 numeric or uppercase alpha characters. If a mix, first character must be uppercase alpha; if all numeric, ASINs must be 10-digit ISBN. If 10-digit ISBN, add a maintenance category so a bot or AWB script can replace |asin= with |isbn=. Error message if not 10 characters, if not ISBN-10, if mixed and first character is a digit. |asin=630....... and |asin=631....... are (apparently) not a legitimate ISBN though it checksums as one; these do not cause this function to emit the maint_asin message This function is positioned here because it calls isbn() ]] local function asin (options) local id = options.id; local domain = options.ASINTLD; local err_flag = nil; -- must be explicitly initialized if not id:match("^[%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u]$") then err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin'); -- ASIN is not a mix of 10 uppercase alpha and numeric characters else if id:match("^%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d[%dX]$") then -- if 10-digit numeric (or 9 digits with terminal X) if is_valid_isxn (id, 10) then -- see if ASIN value is or validates as ISBN-10 if not id:find ('^63[01]') then -- 630xxxxxxx and 631xxxxxxx are (apparently) not a valid isbn prefixes but are used by amazon as a numeric identifier err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin'); -- ASIN has ISBN-10 form but begins with something other than 630/1 so probably an isbn end elseif not is_set (err_flag) then err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin'); -- ASIN is not ISBN-10 end elseif not id:match("^%u[%d%u]+$") then err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin'); -- asin doesn't begin with uppercase alpha end end if (not is_set (domain)) or in_array (domain, {'us'}) then -- default: United States domain = "com"; elseif in_array (domain, {'jp', 'uk', 'za'}) then -- Japan, United Kingdom, South Africa domain = "co." .. domain; elseif in_array (domain, {'z.cn'}) then -- China domain = "cn"; elseif in_array (domain, {'au', 'be', 'br', 'mx', 'sg', 'tr'}) then -- Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Mexico, Singapore, Turkey domain = "com." .. domain; elseif not in_array (domain, {'ae', 'ca', 'cn', 'de', 'eg', 'es', 'fr', 'ie', 'in', 'it', 'nl', 'pl', 'sa', 'se', 'co.jp', 'co.uk', 'com', 'com.au', 'com.br', 'com.mx', 'com.sg', 'com.tr'}) then -- Arabic Emirates, Canada, China, Germany, Egypt, Spain, France, Ireland, Indonesia, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Sweden (as of 2021-03 Austria (.at), Liechtenstein (.li) and Switzerland (.ch) still redirect to the German site (.de) with special settings, so don't maintain local ASINs for them) err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin_tld'); -- unsupported asin-tld value end local handler = options.handler; if not is_set (err_flag) then options.coins_list_t['ASIN'] = handler.prefix .. domain .. "/dp/" .. id; -- asin for coins else options.coins_list_t['ASIN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix .. domain .. "/dp/", id = id, encode = handler.encode, separator = handler.separator}) end --[[--------------------------< I S M N >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Determines whether an ISMN string is valid. Similar to ISBN-13, ISMN is 13 digits beginning 979-0-... and uses the same check digit calculations. See https://www.ismn-international.org/download/Web_ISMN_Users_Manual_2008-6.pdf section 2, pages 9–12. ismn value not made part of COinS metadata because we don't have a url or isn't a COinS-defined identifier (rft.xxx) or an identifier registered at info-uri.info (info:) ]] local function ismn (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local text; local valid_ismn; local id_copy; id_copy = id; -- save a copy because this testing is destructive id = id:gsub ('[%s-]', ''); -- remove hyphens and white space if 13 ~= id:len() or id:match ("^9790%d*$" ) == nil then -- ISMN must be 13 digits and begin with 9790 valid_ismn = false; else valid_ismn=is_valid_isxn_13 (id); -- validate ISMN end -- text = internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, -- use this (or external version) when there is some place to link to -- prefix = handler.prefix, id = id_copy, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}) text = table.concat ( -- because no place to link to yet { make_wikilink (label_link_make (handler), handler.label), handler.separator, id_copy }); if false == valid_ismn then options.coins_list_t['ISMN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS; not really necessary here because ismn not made part of COinS set_message ('err_bad_ismn'); -- create an error message if the ISMN is invalid end return text; end --[[--------------------------< I S S N >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Validate and format an ISSN. This code fixes the case where an editor has included an ISSN in the citation but has separated the two groups of four digits with a space. When that condition occurred, the resulting link looked like this: |issn=0819 4327 gives: [https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0819 4327 0819 4327] -- can't have spaces in an external link This code now prevents that by inserting a hyphen at the ISSN midpoint. It also validates the ISSN for length and makes sure that the checkdigit agrees with the calculated value. Incorrect length (8 digits), characters other than 0-9 and X, or checkdigit / calculated value mismatch will all cause a check ISSN error message. The ISSN is always displayed with a hyphen, even if the ISSN was given as a single group of 8 digits. ]] local function issn (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local ignore_invalid = options.accept; local issn_copy = id; -- save a copy of unadulterated ISSN; use this version for display if ISSN does not validate local text; local valid_issn; id = id:gsub ('[%s-]', ''); -- remove hyphens and whitespace if 8 ~= id:len() or nil == id:match ("^%d*X?$" ) then -- validate the ISSN: 8 digits long, containing only 0-9 or X in the last position valid_issn = false; -- wrong length or improper character else valid_issn = is_valid_isxn (id, 8); -- validate ISSN end if true == valid_issn then id = string.sub (id, 1, 4 ) .. "-" .. string.sub (id, 5 ); -- if valid, display correctly formatted version else id = issn_copy; -- if not valid, show the invalid ISSN with error message end text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}) if ignore_invalid then set_message ('maint_issn_ignore'); else if false == valid_issn then options.coins_list_t['ISSN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS set_message ('err_bad_issn', (options.hkey == 'EISSN') and 'e' or ''); -- create an error message if the ISSN is invalid end end return text; end --[[--------------------------< J F M >----------------------------------------------------------------------- A numerical identifier in the form nn.nnnn.nn ]] local function jfm (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local id_num; id_num = id:match ('^[Jj][Ff][Mm](.*)$'); -- identifier with jfm prefix; extract identifier if is_set (id_num) then set_message ('maint_jfm_format'); else -- plain number without JFM prefix id_num = id; -- if here id does not have prefix end if id_num and id_num:match('^%d%d%.%d%d%d%d%.%d%d$') then id = id_num; -- jfm matches pattern else set_message ('err_bad_jfm' ); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['JFM'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}); end --[[--------------------------< J S T O R >-------------------------------------------------------------------- Format a JSTOR with some error checking ]] local function jstor (options) local id = options.id; local access = options.access; local handler = options.handler; if id:find ('[Jj][Ss][Tt][Oo][Rr]') or id:find ('^https?://') or id:find ('%s') then set_message ('err_bad_jstor'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['JSTOR'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access}); end --[[--------------------------< L C C N >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Format LCCN link and do simple error checking. LCCN is a character string 8-12 characters long. The length of the LCCN dictates the character type of the first 1-3 characters; the rightmost eight are always digits. https://oclc-research.github.io/infoURI-Frozen/info-uri.info/info:lccn/reg.html length = 8 then all digits length = 9 then lccn[1] is lowercase alpha length = 10 then lccn[1] and lccn[2] are both lowercase alpha or both digits length = 11 then lccn[1] is lower case alpha, lccn[2] and lccn[3] are both lowercase alpha or both digits length = 12 then lccn[1] and lccn[2] are both lowercase alpha ]] local function lccn (options) local id = options.id; -- local copy of the LCCN local lccn_id = id; local handler = options.handler; local err_flag; -- presume that LCCN is valid id = normalize_lccn (id); -- get canonical form (no whitespace, hyphens, forward slashes) local len = id:len(); -- get the length of the LCCN if 8 == len then if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if LCCN has anything but digits (nil if only digits) err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn'); -- set an error message end elseif 9 == len then -- LCCN should be adddddddd if nil == id:match("%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") then -- does it match our pattern? err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn'); -- set an error message end elseif 10 == len then -- LCCN should be aadddddddd or dddddddddd if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if LCCN has anything but digits (nil if only digits) ... if nil == id:match("^%l%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") then -- ... see if it matches our pattern err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn'); -- no match, set an error message end end elseif 11 == len then -- LCCN should be aaadddddddd or adddddddddd if not (id:match("^%l%l%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") or id:match("^%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d")) then -- see if it matches one of our patterns err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn'); -- no match, set an error message end elseif 12 == len then -- LCCN should be aadddddddddd if not id:match("^%l%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") then -- see if it matches our pattern err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn'); -- no match, set an error message end else err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn'); -- wrong length, set an error message end if not is_set (err_flag) and nil ~= lccn_id:find ('%s') then err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn'); -- lccn contains a space, set an error message end if is_set (err_flag) then options.coins_list_t['LCCN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = lccn_id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}); end --[[--------------------------< M E D R X I V >----------------------------------------------------------------- Format medRxiv ID and do simple error checking. Similar to later bioRxiv IDs, medRxiv IDs are prefixed with a yyyy.mm.dd. date and suffixed with an optional version identifier. Ealiest date accepted is 2020.01.01 The medRxiv ID is a date followed by an eight-digit number followed by an optional version indicator 'v' and one or more digits: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.16.20232009v2 -> 10.1101/2020.11.16.20232009v2 ]] local function medrxiv (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local err_msg_flag = true; -- flag; assume that there will be an error local patterns = { '^%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$', -- simple 8-digit identifier; these should be relatively rare '^10%.1101/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$', -- y.m.d. date + 8-digit identifier + version (2020-01-01 and later) '^10%.1101/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$', -- y.m.d. date + 8-digit identifier (2020-01-01 and later) '^10%.64898/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$', -- y.m.d. date + 8-digit identifier + version (2025-12-01 and later) '^10%.64898/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$', -- y.m.d. date + 8-digit identifier (2025-12-01 and later) } for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do -- spin through the patterns looking for a match if id:match (pattern) then local y, m, d = id:match (pattern); -- found a match, attempt to get year, month and date from the identifier if m then -- m is nil when id is the 8-digit form if not is_valid_rxiv_date (y, m, d, 'b') then -- validate the encoded date; 'b' for medrxiv limit break; -- date fail; break out early so we don't unset the error message end end err_msg_flag = nil; -- we found a match so unset the error message break; -- and done end end -- <err_msg_flag> remains set here when no match if err_msg_flag then options.coins_list_t['MEDRXIV'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS set_message ('err_bad_medrxiv'); -- and set the error message end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access}); end --[[--------------------------< M R >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- A seven digit number; if not seven digits, zero-fill leading digits to make seven digits. ]] local function mr (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local id_num; local id_len; id_num = id:match ('^[Mm][Rr](%d+)$'); -- identifier with mr prefix if is_set (id_num) then set_message ('maint_mr_format'); -- add maint cat else -- plain number without mr prefix id_num = id:match ('^%d+$'); -- if here id is all digits end id_len = id_num and id_num:len() or 0; if (7 >= id_len) and (0 ~= id_len) then id = string.rep ('0', 7-id_len) .. id_num; -- zero-fill leading digits else set_message ('err_bad_mr'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['MR'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}); end --[[--------------------------< O C L C >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Validate and format an OCLC ID. https://www.oclc.org/batchload/controlnumber.en.html {{dead link}} archived at: https://web.archive.org/web/20161228233804/https://www.oclc.org/batchload/controlnumber.en.html ]] local function oclc (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local number; if id:match('^ocm%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$') then -- ocm prefix and 8 digits; 001 field (12 characters) number = id:match('ocm(%d+)'); -- get the number elseif id:match('^ocn%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$') then -- ocn prefix and 9 digits; 001 field (12 characters) number = id:match('ocn(%d+)'); -- get the number elseif id:match('^on%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d+$') then -- on prefix and 10 or more digits; 001 field (12 characters) number = id:match('^on(%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d+)$'); -- get the number elseif id:match('^%(OCoLC%)[1-9]%d*$') then -- (OCoLC) prefix and variable number digits; no leading zeros; 035 field number = id:match('%(OCoLC%)([1-9]%d*)'); -- get the number if 9 < number:len() then number = nil; -- constrain to 1 to 9 digits; change this when OCLC issues 10-digit numbers end elseif id:match('^%d+$') then -- no prefix number = id; -- get the number if tonumber (id) > handler.id_limit then number = nil; -- unset when id value exceeds the limit end end if number then -- proper format id = number; -- exclude prefix, if any, from external link else set_message ('err_bad_oclc') -- add an error message if the id is malformed options.coins_list_t['OCLC'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}); end --[[--------------------------< O P E N L I B R A R Y >-------------------------------------------------------- Formats an OpenLibrary link, and checks for associated errors. ]] local function openlibrary (options) local id = options.id; local access = options.access; local handler = options.handler; local ident, code = id:gsub('^OL', ''):match("^(%d+([AMW]))$"); -- strip optional OL prefix followed immediately by digits followed by 'A', 'M', or 'W'; local err_flag; local prefix = { -- these are appended to the handler.prefix according to code ['A']='authors/OL', ['M']='books/OL', ['W']='works/OL', ['X']='OL' -- not a code; spoof when 'code' in id is invalid }; if not ident then code = 'X'; -- no code or id completely invalid ident = id; -- copy id to ident so that we display the flawed identifier err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_ol'); end if not is_set (err_flag) then options.coins_list_t['OL'] = handler.prefix .. prefix[code] .. ident; -- experiment for ol coins else options.coins_list_t['OL'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix .. prefix[code], id = ident, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access}); end --[[--------------------------< O S T I >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Format OSTI and do simple error checking. OSTIs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up. This code checks the OSTI to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit specified in the configuration; the value in test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more OSTIs are issued. NB. 1018 is the lowest OSTI number found in the wild (so far) and resolving OK on the OSTI site ]] local function osti (options) local id = options.id; local access = options.access; local handler = options.handler; if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if OSTI has anything but digits set_message ('err_bad_osti'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['OSTI'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS else -- OSTI is only digits local id_num = tonumber (id); -- convert id to a number for range testing if 1018 > id_num or handler.id_limit < id_num then -- if OSTI is outside test limit boundaries set_message ('err_bad_osti'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['OSTI'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access}); end --[[--------------------------< P M C >------------------------------------------------------------------------ Format a PMC, do simple error checking, and check for embargoed articles. The embargo parameter takes a date for a value. If the embargo date is in the future the PMC identifier will not be linked to the article. If the embargo date is today or in the past, or if it is empty or omitted, then the PMC identifier is linked to the article through the link at cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].prefix. PMC embargo date testing is done in function is_embargoed () which is called earlier because when the citation has |pmc=<value> but does not have a |url= then |title= is linked with the PMC link. Function is_embargoed () returns the embargo date if the PMC article is still embargoed, otherwise it returns an empty string. PMCs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up. This code checks the PMC to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more PMCs are issued. ]] local function pmc (options) local id = options.id; local embargo = options.Embargo; -- TODO: lowercase? local handler = options.handler; local err_flag; local id_num; local text; id_num = id:match ('^[Pp][Mm][Cc](%d+)$'); -- identifier with PMC prefix if is_set (id_num) then set_message ('maint_pmc_format'); else -- plain number without PMC prefix id_num = id:match ('^%d+$'); -- if here id is all digits end if is_set (id_num) then -- id_num has a value so test it id_num = tonumber (id_num); -- convert id_num to a number for range testing if 1 > id_num or handler.id_limit < id_num then -- if PMC is outside test limit boundaries err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_pmc'); -- set an error message else id = tostring (id_num); -- make sure id is a string end else -- when id format incorrect err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_pmc'); -- set an error message end if is_set (embargo) and is_set (is_embargoed (embargo)) then -- is PMC is still embargoed? text = table.concat ( -- still embargoed so no external link { make_wikilink (label_link_make (handler), handler.label), handler.separator, id, }); else text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, -- no embargo date or embargo has expired, ok to link to article prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access, auto_link = not err_flag and 'pmc' or nil -- do not auto-link when PMC has error }); end if err_flag then options.coins_list_t['PMC'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return text; end --[[--------------------------< P M I D >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Format PMID and do simple error checking. PMIDs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up. This code checks the PMID to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more PMIDs are issued. ]] local function pmid (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if PMID has anything but digits set_message ('err_bad_pmid'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['PMID'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS else -- PMID is only digits local id_num = tonumber (id); -- convert id to a number for range testing if 1 > id_num or handler.id_limit < id_num then -- if PMID is outside test limit boundaries set_message ('err_bad_pmid'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['PMID'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}); end --[[--------------------------< R F C >------------------------------------------------------------------------ Format RFC and do simple error checking. RFCs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up. This code checks the RFC to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit specified in the configuration; the value in test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more RFCs are issued. An index of all RFCs is here: https://tools.ietf.org/rfc/ ]] local function rfc (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if RFC has anything but digits set_message ('err_bad_rfc'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['RFC'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS else -- RFC is only digits local id_num = tonumber (id); -- convert id to a number for range testing if 1 > id_num or handler.id_limit < id_num then -- if RFC is outside test limit boundaries set_message ('err_bad_rfc'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['RFC'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access}); end --[[--------------------------< S 2 C I D >-------------------------------------------------------------------- Format an S2CID, do simple error checking S2CIDs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up. This code checks the S2CID to see that it is only digits and is less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more S2CIDs are issued. ]] local function s2cid (options) local id = options.id; local access = options.access; local handler = options.handler; local id_num; local text; id_num = id:match ('^[1-9]%d*$'); -- id must be all digits; must not begin with 0; no open access flag if is_set (id_num) then -- id_num has a value so test it id_num = tonumber (id_num); -- convert id_num to a number for range testing if handler.id_limit < id_num then -- if S2CID is outside test limit boundaries set_message ('err_bad_s2cid'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['S2CID'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end else -- when id format incorrect set_message ('err_bad_s2cid'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['S2CID'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access}); return text; end --[[--------------------------< S B N >------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9-digit form of ISBN-10; uses same check-digit validation when SBN is prefixed with an additional '0' to make 10 digits sbn value not made part of COinS metadata because we don't have a url or isn't a COinS-defined identifier (rft.xxx) or an identifier registered at info-uri.info (info:) ]] local function sbn (options) local id = options.id; local ignore_invalid = options.accept; local handler = options.handler; local function return_result (check, err_type) -- local function to handle the various returns local SBN = internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator}); if not ignore_invalid then -- if not ignoring SBN errors if not check then options.coins_list_t['SBN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS; not really necessary here because sbn not made part of COinS set_message ('err_bad_sbn', {err_type}); -- display an error message return SBN; end else set_message ('maint_isbn_ignore'); -- add a maint category even when there is no error (ToDo: Possibly switch to separate message for SBNs only) end return SBN; end if id:match ('[^%s-0-9X]') then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.char); -- fail if SBN contains anything but digits, hyphens, or the uppercase X end local ident = id:gsub ('[%s-]', ''); -- remove hyphens and whitespace; they interfere with the rest of the tests if 9 ~= ident:len() then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.length); -- fail if incorrect length end if ident:match ('^%d*X?$') == nil then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.form); -- fail if SBN has 'X' anywhere but last position end return return_result (is_valid_isxn ('0' .. ident, 10), cfg.err_msg_supl.check); end --[[--------------------------< S S R N >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Format an SSRN, do simple error checking SSRNs are sequential numbers beginning at 100? and counting up. This code checks the SSRN to see that it is only digits and is greater than 99 and less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more SSRNs are issued. ]] local function ssrn (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local id_num; local text; id_num = id:match ('^%d+$'); -- id must be all digits if is_set (id_num) then -- id_num has a value so test it id_num = tonumber (id_num); -- convert id_num to a number for range testing if 100 > id_num or handler.id_limit < id_num then -- if SSRN is outside test limit boundaries set_message ('err_bad_ssrn'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['SSRN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end else -- when id format incorrect set_message ('err_bad_ssrn'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['SSRN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = options.access}); return text; end --[[--------------------------< U S E N E T _ I D >------------------------------------------------------------ Validate and format a usenet message id. Simple error checking, looks for 'id-left@id-right' not enclosed in '<' and/or '>' angle brackets. ]] local function usenet_id (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}) if not id:match('^.+@.+$') or not id:match('^[^<].*[^>]$') then -- doesn't have '@' or has one or first or last character is '< or '>' set_message ('err_bad_usenet_id') -- add an error message if the message id is invalid options.coins_list_t['USENETID'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return text; end --[[--------------------------< Z B L >----------------------------------------------------------------------- A numerical identifier in the form nnnn.nnnnn - leading zeros in the first quartet optional format described here: http://emis.mi.sanu.ac.rs/ZMATH/zmath/en/help/search/ temporary format is apparently eight digits. Anything else is an error ]] local function zbl (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; if id:match('^%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$') then -- is this identifier using temporary format? set_message ('maint_zbl'); -- yes, add maint cat elseif not id:match('^%d?%d?%d?%d%.%d%d%d%d%d$') then -- not temporary, is it normal format? set_message ('err_bad_zbl'); -- no, set an error message options.coins_list_t['ZBL'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}); end --============================<< I N T E R F A C E F U N C T I O N S >>========================================== --[[--------------------------< E X T R A C T _ I D S >------------------------------------------------------------ Populates ID table from arguments using configuration settings. Loops through cfg.id_handlers and searches args for any of the parameters listed in each cfg.id_handlers['...'].parameters. If found, adds the parameter and value to the identifier list. Emits redundant error message if more than one alias exists in args ]] local function extract_ids (args) local id_list = {}; -- list of identifiers found in args for k, v in pairs (cfg.id_handlers) do -- k is uppercase identifier name as index to cfg.id_handlers; e.g. cfg.id_handlers['ISBN'], v is a table v = select_one (args, v.parameters, 'err_redundant_parameters' ); -- v.parameters is a table of aliases for k; here we pick one from args if present if is_set (v) then id_list[k] = v; end -- if found in args, add identifier to our list end return id_list; end --[[--------------------------< E X T R A C T _ I D _ A C C E S S _ L E V E L S >-------------------------------------- Fetches custom id access levels from arguments using configuration settings. Parameters which have a predefined access level (e.g. arxiv) do not use this function as they are directly rendered as free without using an additional parameter. returns a table of k/v pairs where k is same as the identifier's key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned (valid) keyword access-level values must match the case used in cfg.keywords_lists['id-access'] (lowercase unless there is some special reason for something else) ]] local function extract_id_access_levels (args, id_list) local id_accesses_list = {}; for k, v in pairs (cfg.id_handlers) do local access_param = v.custom_access; -- name of identifier's access-level parameter if is_set (access_param) then local access_level = args[access_param]; -- get the assigned value if there is one if is_set (access_level) then if not in_array (access_level, cfg.keywords_lists['id-access']) then -- exact match required set_message ('err_invalid_param_val', {access_param, access_level}); access_level = nil; -- invalid so unset end if not is_set (id_list[k]) then -- identifier access-level must have a matching identifier set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {k:lower()}); -- parameter name is uppercase in cfg.id_handlers (k); lowercase for error message end id_accesses_list[k] = cfg.keywords_xlate[access_level]; -- get translated keyword end end end return id_accesses_list; end --[[--------------------------< B U I L D _ I D _ L I S T >---------------------------------------------------- render the identifiers into a sorted sequence table <ID_list_coins_t> is a table of k/v pairs where k is same as key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned value <options_t> is a table of various k/v option pairs provided in the call to new_build_id_list(); modified by this function and passed to all identifier rendering functions <access_levels_t> is a table of k/v pairs where k is same as key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned value (if valid) returns a sequence table of sorted (by hkey - 'handler' key) rendered identifier strings ]] local function build_id_list (ID_list_coins_t, options_t, access_levels_t) local ID_list_t = {}; local accept; local func_map = { --function map points to functions associated with hkey identifier ['ARXIV'] = arxiv, ['ASIN'] = asin, ['BIBCODE'] = bibcode, ['BIORXIV'] = biorxiv, ['CITESEERX'] = citeseerx, ['DOI'] = doi, ['EISSN'] = issn, ['HDL'] = hdl, ['ISBN'] = isbn, ['ISMN'] = ismn, ['ISSN'] = issn, ['JFM'] = jfm, ['JSTOR'] = jstor, ['LCCN'] = lccn, ['MEDRXIV'] = medrxiv, ['MR'] = mr, ['OCLC'] = oclc, ['OL'] = openlibrary, ['OSTI'] = osti, ['PMC'] = pmc, ['PMID'] = pmid, ['RFC'] = rfc, ['S2CID'] = s2cid, ['SBN'] = sbn, ['SSRN'] = ssrn, ['USENETID'] = usenet_id, ['ZBL'] = zbl, } for hkey, v in pairs (ID_list_coins_t) do v, accept = has_accept_as_written (v); -- remove accept-as-written markup if present; accept is boolean true when markup removed; false else -- every function gets the options table with value v and accept boolean options_t.hkey = hkey; -- ~/Configuration handler key options_t.id = v; -- add that identifier value to the options table options_t.accept = accept; -- add the accept boolean flag options_t.access = access_levels_t[hkey]; -- add the access level for those that have an |<identifier-access= parameter options_t.handler = cfg.id_handlers[hkey]; options_t.coins_list_t = ID_list_coins_t; -- pointer to ID_list_coins_t; for |asin= and |ol=; also to keep erroneous values out of the citation's metadata options_t.coins_list_t[hkey] = v; -- id value without accept-as-written markup for metadata if options_t.handler.access and not in_array (options_t.handler.access, cfg.keywords_lists['id-access']) then error (cfg.messages['unknown_ID_access'] .. options_t.handler.access); -- here when handler access key set to a value not listed in list of allowed id access keywords end if func_map[hkey] then local id_text = func_map[hkey] (options_t); -- call the function to get identifier text and any error message table.insert (ID_list_t, {hkey, id_text}); -- add identifier text to the output sequence table else error (cfg.messages['unknown_ID_key'] .. hkey); -- here when func_map doesn't have a function for hkey end end local function comp (a, b) -- used by following table.sort() return a[1]:lower() < b[1]:lower(); -- sort by hkey end table.sort (ID_list_t, comp); -- sequence table of tables sort for k, v in ipairs (ID_list_t) do -- convert sequence table of tables to simple sequence table of strings ID_list_t[k] = v[2]; -- v[2] is the identifier rendering from the call to the various functions in func_map{} end return ID_list_t; end --[[--------------------------< O P T I O N S _ C H E C K >---------------------------------------------------- check that certain option parameters have their associated identifier parameters with values <ID_list_coins_t> is a table of k/v pairs where k is same as key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned value <ID_support_t> is a sequence table of tables created in citation0() where each subtable has four elements: [1] is the support parameter's assigned value; empty string if not set [2] is a text string same as key in cfg.id_handlers [3] is cfg.error_conditions key used to create error message [4] is original ID support parameter name used to create error message returns nothing; on error emits an appropriate error message ]] local function options_check (ID_list_coins_t, ID_support_t) for _, v in ipairs (ID_support_t) do if is_set (v[1]) and not ID_list_coins_t[v[2]] then -- when support parameter has a value but matching identifier parameter is missing or empty set_message (v[3], (v[4])); -- emit the appropriate error message end end end --[[--------------------------< I D E N T I F I E R _ L I S T S _ G E T >-------------------------------------- Creates two identifier lists: a k/v table of identifiers and their values to be used locally and for use in the COinS metadata, and a sequence table of the rendered identifier strings that will be included in the rendered citation. ]] local function identifier_lists_get (args_t, options_t, ID_support_t) local ID_list_coins_t = extract_ids (args_t); -- get a table of identifiers and their values for use locally and for use in COinS options_check (ID_list_coins_t, ID_support_t); -- ID support parameters must have matching identifier parameters local ID_access_levels_t = extract_id_access_levels (args_t, ID_list_coins_t); -- get a table of identifier access levels local ID_list_t = build_id_list (ID_list_coins_t, options_t, ID_access_levels_t); -- get a sequence table of rendered identifier strings return ID_list_t, ID_list_coins_t; -- return the tables end --[[--------------------------< S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S >-------------------------------------- Sets local cfg table and imported functions table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules. ]] local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr, utilities_page_ptr) cfg = cfg_table_ptr; has_accept_as_written = utilities_page_ptr.has_accept_as_written; -- import functions from select Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities module is_set = utilities_page_ptr.is_set; in_array = utilities_page_ptr.in_array; set_message = utilities_page_ptr.set_message; select_one = utilities_page_ptr.select_one; substitute = utilities_page_ptr.substitute; make_wikilink = utilities_page_ptr.make_wikilink; end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------ ]] return { auto_link_urls = auto_link_urls, -- table of identifier URLs to be used when auto-linking |title= identifier_lists_get = identifier_lists_get, -- experiment to replace individual calls to build_id_list(), extract_ids, extract_id_access_levels is_embargoed = is_embargoed; set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules; } 5bj1u7sbno5vyrz0hztvhaip3uwhy2w 366693 366692 2026-08-23T13:30:12Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers]] 366692 Scribunto text/plain --[[--------------------------< F O R W A R D D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------------- ]] local has_accept_as_written, is_set, in_array, set_message, select_one, -- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities substitute, make_wikilink; local cfg; -- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration --[[--------------------------< P A G E S C O P E V A R I A B L E S >-------------------------------------- declare variables here that have page-wide scope that are not brought in from other modules; that are created here and used here ]] local auto_link_urls = {}; -- holds identifier URLs for those identifiers that can auto-link |title= --============================<< H E L P E R F U N C T I O N S >>============================================ --[[--------------------------< W I K I D A T A _ A R T I C L E _ N A M E _ G E T >---------------------------- as an aid to internationalizing identifier-label wikilinks, gets identifier article names from Wikidata. returns w:<lang code>:<article title> when <q> has an <article title> for <lang code>; nil else. 'w:<lang code>' ensures that sister project (like wiktionary) will link to the <lang code>.wikipedia article. for identifiers that do not have <q>, returns nil for wikis that do not have mw.wikibase installed, returns nil ]] local function wikidata_article_name_get (q) if not is_set (q) or (q and not mw.wikibase) then -- when no q number or when a q number but mw.wikibase not installed on this wiki return nil; -- abandon end local wd_article; local this_wiki_code = cfg.this_wiki_code; -- Wikipedia subdomain; 'en' for en.wikipedia.org wd_article = mw.wikibase.getSitelink (q, this_wiki_code .. 'wiki'); -- fetch article title from WD; nil when no title available at this wiki if wd_article then wd_article = table.concat ({'w:', this_wiki_code, ':', wd_article}); -- interwiki-style link without brackets if taken from WD; leading 'w:' required end return wd_article; -- article title from WD; nil else end --[[--------------------------< L A B E L _ L I N K _ M A K E >------------------------------------------------ common function to create a link for an identifier label from handler table or from Wikidata returns the first available of: 1. redirect from local wiki's handler table (if enabled) 2. Wikidata sitelink to the local language wikipedia article (if there is a Wikidata entry for this identifier in the local language) 3. link to wikipedia article specified in the local wiki's handler table ]] local function label_link_make (handler) local wd_article; if not (cfg.use_identifier_redirects and is_set (handler.redirect)) then -- redirect has priority so if enabled and available don't fetch from Wikidata because expensive wd_article = wikidata_article_name_get (handler.q); -- if Wikidata has an article title for this wiki, get it; end return (cfg.use_identifier_redirects and is_set (handler.redirect) and handler.redirect) or wd_article or handler.link; end --[[--------------------------< E X T E R N A L _ L I N K _ I D >---------------------------------------------- Formats a wiki-style external link ]] local function external_link_id (options) local url_string = options.id; local ext_link; if options.encode == true or options.encode == nil then url_string = mw.uri.encode (url_string, 'PATH'); end if options.auto_link and is_set (options.access) then auto_link_urls[options.auto_link] = table.concat ({options.prefix, url_string, options.suffix}); end ext_link = mw.ustring.format ('[%s%s%s %s]', options.prefix, url_string, options.suffix or "", mw.text.nowiki (options.id)); if is_set (options.access) then ext_link = substitute (cfg.presentation['ext-link-access-signal'], {cfg.presentation[options.access].class, cfg.presentation[options.access].title, ext_link}); -- add the free-to-read / paywall lock end return table.concat ({ make_wikilink (label_link_make (options), options.label), -- redirect, Wikidata link, or locally specified link (in that order) options.separator or '&nbsp;', ext_link }); end --[[--------------------------< I N T E R N A L _ L I N K _ I D >---------------------------------------------- Formats a wiki-style internal link TODO: Does not currently need to support options.access, options.encode, auto-linking and COinS (as in external_link_id), but may be needed in the future for :m:Interwiki_map custom-prefixes like :arxiv:, :bibcode:, :DOI:, :hdl:, :ISSN:, :JSTOR:, :Openlibrary:, :PMID:, :RFC:. ]] local function internal_link_id (options) local id = mw.ustring.gsub (options.id, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits); -- translate 'local' digits to Western 0-9 return table.concat ( { make_wikilink (label_link_make (options), options.label), -- wiki-link the identifier label options.separator or '&nbsp;', -- add the separator make_wikilink ( table.concat ( { options.prefix, id, -- translated to Western digits options.suffix or '' }), substitute (cfg.presentation['bdi'], {'', mw.text.nowiki (options.id)}) -- bdi tags to prevent Latin script identifiers from being reversed at RTL language wikis ); -- nowiki because MediaWiki still has magic links for ISBN and the like; TODO: is it really required? }); end --[[--------------------------< I S _ E M B A R G O E D >------------------------------------------------------ Determines if a PMC identifier's online version is embargoed. Compares the date in |pmc-embargo-date= against today's date. If embargo date is in the future, returns the content of |pmc-embargo-date=; otherwise, returns an empty string because the embargo has expired or because |pmc-embargo-date= was not set in this cite. ]] local function is_embargoed (embargo) if is_set (embargo) then local lang = mw.getContentLanguage(); local good1, embargo_date, todays_date; good1, embargo_date = pcall (lang.formatDate, lang, 'U', embargo); todays_date = lang:formatDate ('U'); if good1 then -- if embargo date is a good date if tonumber (embargo_date) >= tonumber (todays_date) then -- is embargo date is in the future? return embargo; -- still embargoed else set_message ('maint_pmc_embargo'); -- embargo has expired; add main cat return ''; -- unset because embargo has expired end end end return ''; -- |pmc-embargo-date= not set return empty string end --[=[-------------------------< I S _ V A L I D _ R X I V _ D A T E >------------------------------------------ for biorxiv, returns true if: 2019-12-11T00:00Z <= biorxiv_date < today + 2 days for medrxiv, returns true if: 2020-01-01T00:00Z <= medrxiv_date < today + 2 days The dated form of biorxiv identifier has a start date of 2019-12-11. The Unix timestamp for that date is {{#time:U|2019-12-11}} = 1576022400 The medrxiv identifier has a start date of 2020-01-01. The Unix timestamp for that date is {{#time:U|2020-01-01}} = 1577836800 <rxiv_date> is the date provided in those |biorxiv= parameter values that are dated and in |medrxiv= parameter values at time 00:00:00 UTC <today> is the current date at time 00:00:00 UTC plus 48 hours if today's date is 2023-01-01T00:00:00 then adding 24 hours gives 2023-01-02T00:00:00 – one second more than today adding 24 hours gives 2023-01-03T00:00:00 – one second more than tomorrow inputs: <y>, <m>, <d> – year, month, day parts of the date from the birxiv or medrxiv identifier <select> 'b' for biorxiv, 'm' for medrxiv; defaults to 'b' ]=] local function is_valid_rxiv_date (y, m, d, select) if 0 == tonumber (m) and 12 < tonumber (m) then -- <m> must be a number 1–12 return false; end if 0 == tonumber (d) and 31 < tonumber (d) then -- <d> must be a number 1–31; TODO: account for month length and leap yer? return false; end local rxiv_date = table.concat ({y, m, d}, '-'); -- make ymd date string local good1, good2; local rxiv_ts, tomorrow_ts; -- to hold Unix timestamps representing the dates local lang_object = mw.getContentLanguage(); good1, rxiv_ts = pcall (lang_object.formatDate, lang_object, 'U', rxiv_date); -- convert rxiv_date value to Unix timestamp good2, tomorrow_ts = pcall (lang_object.formatDate, lang_object, 'U', 'today + 2 days' ); -- today midnight + 2 days is one second more than all day tomorrow if good1 and good2 then -- lang.formatDate() returns a timestamp in the local script which tonumber() may not understand rxiv_ts = tonumber (rxiv_ts) or lang_object:parseFormattedNumber (rxiv_ts); -- convert to numbers for the comparison; tomorrow_ts = tonumber (tomorrow_ts) or lang_object:parseFormattedNumber (tomorrow_ts); else return false; -- one or both failed to convert to Unix timestamp end local limit_ts = ((select and ('m' == select)) and 1577836800) or 1576022400; -- choose the appropriate limit timesatmp return ((limit_ts <= rxiv_ts) and (rxiv_ts < tomorrow_ts)) -- limit_ts <= rxiv_date < tomorrow's date end --[[--------------------------< IS _ V A L I D _ I S X N >----------------------------------------------------- ISBN-10 and ISSN validator code calculates checksum across all ISBN/ISSN digits including the check digit. ISBN-13 is checked in isbn(). If the number is valid the result will be 0. Before calling this function, ISBN/ISSN must be checked for length and stripped of dashes, spaces and other non-ISxN characters. ]] local function is_valid_isxn (isxn_str, len) local temp = 0; isxn_str = { isxn_str:byte(1, len) }; -- make a table of byte values '0' → 0x30 .. '9' → 0x39, 'X' → 0x58 len = len + 1; -- adjust to be a loop counter for i, v in ipairs (isxn_str) do -- loop through all of the bytes and calculate the checksum if v == string.byte ("X" ) then -- if checkdigit is X (compares the byte value of 'X' which is 0x58) temp = temp + 10 * (len - i); -- it represents 10 decimal else temp = temp + tonumber (string.char (v) )*(len-i); end end return temp % 11 == 0; -- returns true if calculation result is zero end --[[--------------------------< IS _ V A L I D _ I S X N _ 1 3 >----------------------------------------------- ISBN-13 and ISMN validator code calculates checksum across all 13 ISBN/ISMN digits including the check digit. If the number is valid, the result will be 0. Before calling this function, ISBN-13/ISMN must be checked for length and stripped of dashes, spaces and other non-ISxN-13 characters. ]] local function is_valid_isxn_13 (isxn_str) local temp=0; isxn_str = { isxn_str:byte(1, 13) }; -- make a table of byte values '0' → 0x30 .. '9' → 0x39 for i, v in ipairs (isxn_str) do temp = temp + (3 - 2*(i % 2)) * tonumber (string.char (v) ); -- multiply odd index digits by 1, even index digits by 3 and sum; includes check digit end return temp % 10 == 0; -- sum modulo 10 is zero when ISBN-13/ISMN is correct end --[[--------------------------< N O R M A L I Z E _ L C C N >-------------------------------------------------- LCCN normalization (https://www.loc.gov/marc/lccn-namespace.html#normalization) 1. Remove all blanks. 2. If there is a forward slash (/) in the string, remove it, and remove all characters to the right of the forward slash. 3. If there is a hyphen in the string: a. Remove it. b. Inspect the substring following (to the right of) the (removed) hyphen. Then (and assuming that steps 1 and 2 have been carried out): 1. All these characters should be digits, and there should be six or less. (not done in this function) 2. If the length of the substring is less than 6, left-fill the substring with zeroes until the length is six. Returns a normalized LCCN for lccn() to validate. There is no error checking (step 3.b.1) performed in this function. ]] local function normalize_lccn (lccn) lccn = lccn:gsub ("%s", ""); -- 1. strip whitespace if nil ~= string.find (lccn, '/') then lccn = lccn:match ("(.-)/"); -- 2. remove forward slash and all character to the right of it end local prefix local suffix prefix, suffix = lccn:match ("(.+)%-(.+)"); -- 3.a remove hyphen by splitting the string into prefix and suffix if nil ~= suffix then -- if there was a hyphen suffix = string.rep("0", 6-string.len (suffix)) .. suffix; -- 3.b.2 left fill the suffix with 0s if suffix length less than 6 lccn = prefix..suffix; -- reassemble the LCCN end return lccn; end --============================<< I D E N T I F I E R F U N C T I O N S >>==================================== --[[--------------------------< A R X I V >-------------------------------------------------------------------- See: https://arxiv.org/help/arxiv_identifier format and error check arXiv identifier. There are three valid forms of the identifier: the first form, valid only between date codes 9107 and 0703, is: arXiv:<archive>.<class>/<date code><number><version> where: <archive> is a string of alpha characters - may be hyphenated; no other punctuation <class> is a string of alpha characters - may be hyphenated; no other punctuation; not the same as |class= parameter which is not supported in this form <date code> is four digits in the form YYMM where YY is the last two digits of the four-digit year and MM is the month number January = 01 first digit of YY for this form can only 9 and 0 <number> is a three-digit number <version> is a 1 or more digit number preceded with a lowercase v; no spaces (undocumented) the second form, valid from April 2007 through December 2014 is: arXiv:<date code>.<number><version> where: <date code> is four digits in the form YYMM where YY is the last two digits of the four-digit year and MM is the month number January = 01 <number> is a four-digit number <version> is a 1 or more digit number preceded with a lowercase v; no spaces the third form, valid from January 2015 is: arXiv:<date code>.<number><version> where: <date code> and <version> are as defined for 0704-1412 <number> is a five-digit number ]] local function arxiv (options) local id = options.id; local class = options.Class; -- TODO: lowercase? local handler = options.handler; local year, month; local err_msg = false; -- assume no error message local text; -- output text if id:match("^%a[%a%.%-]+/[90]%d[01]%d%d%d%d$") or id:match("^%a[%a%.%-]+/[90]%d[01]%d%d%d%dv%d+$") then -- test for the 9107-0703 format with or without version year, month = id:match("^%a[%a%.%-]+/([90]%d)([01]%d)%d%d%d[v%d]*$"); year = tonumber (year); month = tonumber (month); if ((not (90 < year or 8 > year)) or (1 > month or 12 < month)) or -- if invalid year or invalid month ((91 == year and 7 > month) or (7 == year and 3 < month)) then -- if years ok, are starting and ending months ok? err_msg = true; -- flag for error message end elseif id:match("^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%d$") or id:match("^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%dv%d+$") then -- test for the 0704-1412 with or without version year, month = id:match("^(%d%d)([01]%d)%.%d%d%d%d[v%d]*$"); year = tonumber (year); month = tonumber (month); if ((7 > year) or (14 < year) or (1 > month or 12 < month)) or -- is year invalid or is month invalid? (doesn't test for future years) ((7 == year) and (4 > month)) then -- when year is 07, is month invalid (before April)? err_msg = true; -- flag for error message end elseif id:match("^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%d%d$") or id:match("^%d%d[01]%d%.%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$") then -- test for the 1501- format with or without version year, month = id:match("^(%d%d)([01]%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d[v%d]*$"); year = tonumber (year); month = tonumber (month); if ((15 > year) or (1 > month or 12 < month)) then -- is year invalid or is month invalid? (doesn't test for future years) err_msg = true; -- flag for error message end else err_msg = true; -- not a recognized format; flag for error message end if err_msg then options.coins_list_t['ARXIV'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end if err_msg then set_message ('err_bad_arxiv'); end text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access}); if is_set (class) then if id:match ('^%d+') then text = table.concat ({text, ' [[https://arxiv.org/archive/', class, ' ', class, ']]'}); -- external link within square brackets, not wikilink else set_message ('err_class_ignored'); end else -- class not set if id:match ('^%d+') and options.CitationClass == 'arxiv' then -- new (post 2007) format; {{cite arxiv}} only set_message ('maint_missing_class'); -- add maint cat end end return text; end --[[--------------------------< B I B C O D E >-------------------------------------------------------------------- Validates (sort of) and formats a bibcode ID. Format for bibcodes is specified here: https://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs_doc/help_pages/data.html#bibcodes But, this: 2015arXiv151206696F is apparently valid so apparently, the only things that really matter are length, 19 characters and first four digits must be a year. This function makes these tests: length must be 19 characters characters in position 1–4 must be digits and must represent a year in the range of 1000 – next year 5 must be a letter 6–8 must be letter, digit, ampersand, or dot (ampersand cannot directly precede a dot; &. ) 9–18 must be letter, digit, or dot 19 must be a letter or dot ]] local function bibcode (options) local id = options.id; local access = options.access; local handler = options.handler; local ignore_invalid = options.accept; local err_type; local year; local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access}); if 19 ~= id:len() then err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.length; else year = id:match ("^(%d%d%d%d)[%a][%w&%.][%w&%.][%w&%.][%w.]+[%a%.]$"); if not year then -- if nil then no pattern match err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.value; -- so value error else local next_year = tonumber (os.date ('%Y')) + 1; -- get the current year as a number and add one for next year year = tonumber (year); -- convert year portion of bibcode to a number if (1000 > year) or (year > next_year) then err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.year; -- year out of bounds end if id:find('&%.') then err_type = cfg.err_msg_supl.journal; -- journal abbreviation must not have '&.' (if it does it's missing a letter) end if id:match ('.........%.tmp%.') then -- temporary bibcodes when positions 10–14 are '.tmp.' set_message ('maint_bibcode'); end end end if is_set (err_type) and not ignore_invalid then -- if there was an error detected and accept-as-written markup not used set_message ('err_bad_bibcode', {err_type}); options.coins_list_t['BIBCODE'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return text; end --[[--------------------------< B I O R X I V >----------------------------------------------------------------- Format bioRxiv ID and do simple error checking. Before 2019-12-11, biorXiv IDs were 10.1101/ followed by exactly 6 digits. After 2019-12-11, biorXiv IDs retained the six-digit identifier but prefixed that with a yyyy.mm.dd. date and suffixed with an optional version identifier. From December 2025 biorxiv added a new 'doi' prefix: 10.64898: 10.64898/2025.12.10.693067 The bioRxiv ID is the string of characters: https://doi.org/10.1101/078733 -> 10.1101/078733 or a date followed by a six-digit number followed by an optional version indicator 'v' and one or more digits: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2019.12.11.123456v2 -> 10.1101/2019.12.11.123456v2 see https://www.biorxiv.org/about-biorxiv ]] local function biorxiv (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local err_msg = true; -- flag; assume that there will be an error local patterns = { '^10%.1101/%d%d%d%d%d%d$', -- simple 6-digit identifier (before 2019-12-11) '^10%.1101/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$', -- y.m.d. date + 6-digit identifier + version (after 2019-12-11) '^10%.1101/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d$', -- y.m.d. date + 6-digit identifier (after 2019-12-11) '^10%.64898/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$', -- y.m.d. date + 6-digit identifier + version (from December 2025) '^10%.64898/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d$', -- y.m.d. date + 6-digit identifier (from December 2025) } for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do -- spin through the patterns looking for a match if id:match (pattern) then local y, m, d = id:match (pattern); -- found a match, attempt to get year, month and date from the identifier if m then -- m is nil when id is the six-digit form if not is_valid_rxiv_date (y, m, d, 'b') then -- validate the encoded date; 'b' for biorxiv limit break; -- date fail; break out early so we don't unset the error message end end err_msg = nil; -- we found a match so unset the error message break; -- and done end end -- err_cat remains set here when no match if err_msg then options.coins_list_t['BIORXIV'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS set_message ('err_bad_biorxiv'); -- and set the error message end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access}); end --[[--------------------------< C I T E S E E R X >------------------------------------------------------------ CiteSeerX use their own notion of "doi" (not to be confused with the identifiers resolved via doi.org). The description of the structure of this identifier can be found at Help_talk:Citation_Style_1/Archive_26#CiteSeerX_id_structure ]] local function citeseerx (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local matched; local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access}); matched = id:match ("^10%.1%.1%.[1-9]%d?%d?%d?%.[1-9]%d?%d?%d?$"); if not matched then set_message ('err_bad_citeseerx' ); options.coins_list_t['CITESEERX'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return text; end --[[--------------------------< D O I >------------------------------------------------------------------------ Formats a DOI and checks for DOI errors. DOI names contain two parts: prefix and suffix separated by a forward slash. Prefix: directory indicator '10.' followed by a registrant code Suffix: character string of any length chosen by the registrant This function checks a DOI name for: prefix/suffix. If the DOI name contains spaces or endashes, or, if it ends with a period or a comma, this function will emit a bad_doi error message. DOI names are case-insensitive and can incorporate any printable Unicode characters so the test for spaces, endash, and terminal punctuation may not be technically correct but it appears, that in practice these characters are rarely if ever used in DOI names. https://www.doi.org/doi_handbook/2_Numbering.html -- 2.2 Syntax of a DOI name https://www.doi.org/doi_handbook/2_Numbering.html#2.2.2 -- 2.2.2 DOI prefix ]] local function doi (options) local id = options.id; local inactive = options.DoiBroken local access = options.access; local ignore_invalid = options.accept; local handler = options.handler; local err_flag; -- error flag for errors that may not be ignored local ignorable_err_flag; -- error flag for ((ignorable)) errors local function is_extended_free (registrant, suffix) -- local function to check those few registrants that are mixed; identifiable by the doi suffix <incipit> suffix = suffix:lower(); -- ascii [a-z] same as [A-Z] in doi names; see §3.4.4 Case Insensitivity of the Doi Name if cfg.extended_registrants_t[registrant] then -- if this registrant has known free-to-read extentions for _, incipit in ipairs (cfg.extended_registrants_t[registrant]) do -- loop through the registrant's incipits if mw.ustring.find (suffix, '^' .. incipit:lower()) then -- ascii [a-z] same as [A-Z] in doi names return true; -- if found done end end end end local text; if is_set (inactive) then local inactive_year = inactive:match("%d%d%d%d"); -- try to get the year portion from the inactive date local inactive_month, good; if is_set (inactive_year) then if 4 < inactive:len() then -- inactive date has more than just a year (could be anything) local lang_obj = mw.getContentLanguage(); -- get a language object for this wiki good, inactive_month = pcall (lang_obj.formatDate, lang_obj, 'F', inactive); -- try to get the month name from the inactive date if not good then inactive_month = nil; -- something went wrong so make sure this is unset end end end -- otherwise, |doi-broken-date= has something but it isn't a date if is_set (inactive_year) and is_set (inactive_month) then set_message ('maint_doi_inactive_dated', {inactive_year, inactive_month, ' '}); elseif is_set (inactive_year) then set_message ('maint_doi_inactive_dated', {inactive_year, '', ''}); else set_message ('maint_doi_inactive'); end inactive = substitute (cfg.messages['inactive'], inactive ); end local registrant, suffix = mw.ustring.match (id, '^10%.([^/]+)/([^%s–]+)$'); -- registrant and suffix set when DOI has the proper basic form; both nil else if suffix then if suffix:match ('[%.,]$') then -- |doi= has basic form but suffix has trailing dot or comma ignorable_err_flag = true; -- set the flag so that we can emit an error message if not ignored end else -- here when |doi= does not have proper basic form err_flag = true; -- set the non-ignorable error flag ignore_invalid = false; -- unset because this error may not be ignored end local registrant_err_patterns = { -- these patterns are for code ranges that are not supported '^[^1-3]%d%d%d%d%.%d+$', -- 5 digits with subcode (reject 0xxxx, 40000+); accepts: 10000–39999 '^[^1-8]%d%d%d%d$', -- 5 digits without subcode (reject 0xxxx, 90000+); accepts: 10000–89999 '^[^1-9]%d%d%d%.%d+$', -- 4 digits with subcode (reject 0xxx); accepts: 1000–9999 '^[^1-9]%d%d%d$', -- 4 digits without subcode (reject 0xxx); accepts: 1000–9999 '^%d%d%d%d%d%d+', -- 6 or more digits '^%d%d?%d?$', -- less than 4 digits without subcode (3 digits with subcode is legitimate) '^%d%d?%.[%d%.]+', -- 1 or 2 digits with subcode '^5555$', -- test registrant will never resolve '[^%d%.]', -- any character that isn't a digit or a dot } if not err_flag then -- when DOI has proper form; <err_flag> is true when |doi= is malformed if not ignore_invalid then -- when we're not ignoring errors if registrant then -- when DOI has proper form for i, pattern in ipairs (registrant_err_patterns) do -- spin through error patterns if registrant:match (pattern) then -- to validate registrant codes ignorable_err_flag = true; -- when found, mark this DOI as bad break; -- and done end end end else -- here when ignoring invalid |doi= values ignorable_err_flag = false; -- unset so we don't emit an error message for ignorable errors set_message ('maint_doi_ignore'); -- add maint message when doi is properly formatted end end if err_flag or ignorable_err_flag then set_message ('err_bad_doi'); -- invalid |doi= value; emit an error message options.coins_list_t['DOI'] = nil; -- when in error, unset so |doi= value not included in COinS else -- here when doi has no errors or has been wrapped in accept-as-written markup suffix = mw.ustring.match (id, '^10%.[^/]+/(.+)'); -- refetch suffix because doi may have been wrapped in accept-as-written markup if not access and (cfg.known_free_doi_registrants_t[registrant] or is_extended_free (registrant, suffix)) then -- |doi-access=free not set and <registrant> is known to be free set_message ('maint_doi_unflagged_free'); -- set a maint cat end end text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access, auto_link = not (err_flag or is_set (inactive) or ignore_invalid) and 'doi' or nil -- do not auto-link when |doi-broken-date= has a value or when there is a DOI error or (to play it safe, after all, auto-linking is not essential) when invalid DOIs are ignored }) .. (inactive or ''); return text; end --[[--------------------------< H D L >------------------------------------------------------------------------ Formats an HDL with minor error checking. HDL names contain two parts: prefix and suffix separated by a forward slash. Prefix: character string using any character in the UCS-2 character set except '/' Suffix: character string of any length using any character in the UCS-2 character set chosen by the registrant This function checks a HDL name for: prefix/suffix. If the HDL name contains spaces, endashes, or, if it ends with a period or a comma, this function will emit a bad_hdl error message. HDL names are case-insensitive and can incorporate any printable Unicode characters so the test for endashes and terminal punctuation may not be technically correct but it appears, that in practice these characters are rarely if ever used in HDLs. Query string parameters are named here: https://www.handle.net/proxy_servlet.html. query strings are not displayed but since '?' is an allowed character in an HDL, '?' followed by one of the query parameters is the only way we have to detect the query string so that it isn't URL-encoded with the rest of the identifier. ]] local function hdl (options) local id = options.id; local access = options.access; local handler = options.handler; local query_params_t = { -- list of known query parameters from https://www.handle.net/proxy_servlet.html 'noredirect', 'ignore_aliases', 'auth', 'cert', 'index', 'type', 'urlappend', 'locatt', 'action', } local handle, suffix, param = id:match ('(.-)(%?(%a+).+)$'); -- look for query string local found; if handle then -- when there are query strings, this is the handle identifier portion for _, q in ipairs (query_params_t) do -- spin through the list of query parameters if param:match ('^' .. q) then -- if the query string begins with one of the parameters found = true; -- announce a find break; -- and stop looking end end end if found then id = handle; -- found so replace id with the handle portion; this will be URL-encoded, suffix will not else suffix = ''; -- make sure suffix is empty string for concatenation else end local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, suffix = suffix, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access}) if nil == id:match("^[^%s–]-/[^%s–]-[^%.,]$") then -- HDL must contain a forward slash, must not contain spaces, endashes, and must not end with period or comma set_message ('err_bad_hdl' ); options.coins_list_t['HDL'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return text; end --[[--------------------------< I S B N >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Determines whether an ISBN string is valid ]] local function isbn (options_t) local isbn_str = options_t.id; local ignore_invalid = options_t.accept; local handler = options_t.handler; local year = options_t.Year; -- when set, valid anchor_year; may have a disambiguator which must be removed local function return_result (check, err_type) -- local function to handle the various returns local ISBN = internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = isbn_str, separator = handler.separator}); if ignore_invalid then -- if ignoring ISBN errors set_message ('maint_isbn_ignore'); -- add a maint category even when there is no error else -- here when not ignoring if not check then -- and there is an error options_t.coins_list_t['ISBN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS set_message ('err_bad_isbn', err_type); -- set an error message return ISBN; -- return id text end end return ISBN; -- return id text end if year and not ignore_invalid then -- year = year:match ('%d%d%d%d?'); -- strip disambiguator if present if year and (1965 > tonumber(year)) then -- <year> will be nil here when |year=n.d. or |year=nd set_message ('err_invalid_isbn_date'); -- set an error message return internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = isbn_str, separator = handler.separator}); end end if nil ~= isbn_str:match ('[^%s-0-9X]') then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.char); -- fail if isbn_str contains anything but digits, hyphens, or the uppercase X end local id = isbn_str:gsub ('[%s-]', ''); -- remove hyphens and whitespace local len = id:len(); if len ~= 10 and len ~= 13 then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.length); -- fail if incorrect length end if len == 10 then if id:match ('^%d*X?$') == nil then -- fail if isbn_str has 'X' anywhere but last position return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.form); end if not is_valid_isxn (id, 10) then -- test isbn-10 for numerical validity return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.check); -- fail if isbn-10 is not numerically valid end if id:find ('^63[01]') then -- 630xxxxxxx and 631xxxxxxx are (apparently) not valid isbn group ids but are used by amazon as numeric identifiers (asin) return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.group); -- fail if isbn-10 begins with 630/1 end return return_result (true, cfg.err_msg_supl.check); -- pass if isbn-10 is numerically valid else if id:match ('^%d+$') == nil then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.char); -- fail if ISBN-13 is not all digits end if id:match ('^97[89]%d*$') == nil then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.prefix); -- fail when ISBN-13 does not begin with 978 or 979 end if id:match ('^9790') then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.group); -- group identifier '0' is reserved to ISMN end return return_result (is_valid_isxn_13 (id), cfg.err_msg_supl.check); end end --[[--------------------------< A S I N >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Formats a link to Amazon. Do simple error checking: ASIN must be mix of 10 numeric or uppercase alpha characters. If a mix, first character must be uppercase alpha; if all numeric, ASINs must be 10-digit ISBN. If 10-digit ISBN, add a maintenance category so a bot or AWB script can replace |asin= with |isbn=. Error message if not 10 characters, if not ISBN-10, if mixed and first character is a digit. |asin=630....... and |asin=631....... are (apparently) not a legitimate ISBN though it checksums as one; these do not cause this function to emit the maint_asin message This function is positioned here because it calls isbn() ]] local function asin (options) local id = options.id; local domain = options.ASINTLD; local err_flag = nil; -- must be explicitly initialized if not id:match("^[%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u][%d%u]$") then err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin'); -- ASIN is not a mix of 10 uppercase alpha and numeric characters else if id:match("^%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d[%dX]$") then -- if 10-digit numeric (or 9 digits with terminal X) if is_valid_isxn (id, 10) then -- see if ASIN value is or validates as ISBN-10 if not id:find ('^63[01]') then -- 630xxxxxxx and 631xxxxxxx are (apparently) not a valid isbn prefixes but are used by amazon as a numeric identifier err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin'); -- ASIN has ISBN-10 form but begins with something other than 630/1 so probably an isbn end elseif not is_set (err_flag) then err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin'); -- ASIN is not ISBN-10 end elseif not id:match("^%u[%d%u]+$") then err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin'); -- asin doesn't begin with uppercase alpha end end if (not is_set (domain)) or in_array (domain, {'us'}) then -- default: United States domain = "com"; elseif in_array (domain, {'jp', 'uk', 'za'}) then -- Japan, United Kingdom, South Africa domain = "co." .. domain; elseif in_array (domain, {'z.cn'}) then -- China domain = "cn"; elseif in_array (domain, {'au', 'be', 'br', 'mx', 'sg', 'tr'}) then -- Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Mexico, Singapore, Turkey domain = "com." .. domain; elseif not in_array (domain, {'ae', 'ca', 'cn', 'de', 'eg', 'es', 'fr', 'ie', 'in', 'it', 'nl', 'pl', 'sa', 'se', 'co.jp', 'co.uk', 'com', 'com.au', 'com.br', 'com.mx', 'com.sg', 'com.tr'}) then -- Arabic Emirates, Canada, China, Germany, Egypt, Spain, France, Ireland, Indonesia, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Sweden (as of 2021-03 Austria (.at), Liechtenstein (.li) and Switzerland (.ch) still redirect to the German site (.de) with special settings, so don't maintain local ASINs for them) err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_asin_tld'); -- unsupported asin-tld value end local handler = options.handler; if not is_set (err_flag) then options.coins_list_t['ASIN'] = handler.prefix .. domain .. "/dp/" .. id; -- asin for coins else options.coins_list_t['ASIN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix .. domain .. "/dp/", id = id, encode = handler.encode, separator = handler.separator}) end --[[--------------------------< I S M N >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Determines whether an ISMN string is valid. Similar to ISBN-13, ISMN is 13 digits beginning 979-0-... and uses the same check digit calculations. See https://www.ismn-international.org/download/Web_ISMN_Users_Manual_2008-6.pdf section 2, pages 9–12. ismn value not made part of COinS metadata because we don't have a url or isn't a COinS-defined identifier (rft.xxx) or an identifier registered at info-uri.info (info:) ]] local function ismn (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local text; local valid_ismn; local id_copy; id_copy = id; -- save a copy because this testing is destructive id = id:gsub ('[%s-]', ''); -- remove hyphens and white space if 13 ~= id:len() or id:match ("^9790%d*$" ) == nil then -- ISMN must be 13 digits and begin with 9790 valid_ismn = false; else valid_ismn=is_valid_isxn_13 (id); -- validate ISMN end -- text = internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, -- use this (or external version) when there is some place to link to -- prefix = handler.prefix, id = id_copy, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}) text = table.concat ( -- because no place to link to yet { make_wikilink (label_link_make (handler), handler.label), handler.separator, id_copy }); if false == valid_ismn then options.coins_list_t['ISMN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS; not really necessary here because ismn not made part of COinS set_message ('err_bad_ismn'); -- create an error message if the ISMN is invalid end return text; end --[[--------------------------< I S S N >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Validate and format an ISSN. This code fixes the case where an editor has included an ISSN in the citation but has separated the two groups of four digits with a space. When that condition occurred, the resulting link looked like this: |issn=0819 4327 gives: [https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0819 4327 0819 4327] -- can't have spaces in an external link This code now prevents that by inserting a hyphen at the ISSN midpoint. It also validates the ISSN for length and makes sure that the checkdigit agrees with the calculated value. Incorrect length (8 digits), characters other than 0-9 and X, or checkdigit / calculated value mismatch will all cause a check ISSN error message. The ISSN is always displayed with a hyphen, even if the ISSN was given as a single group of 8 digits. ]] local function issn (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local ignore_invalid = options.accept; local issn_copy = id; -- save a copy of unadulterated ISSN; use this version for display if ISSN does not validate local text; local valid_issn; id = id:gsub ('[%s-]', ''); -- remove hyphens and whitespace if 8 ~= id:len() or nil == id:match ("^%d*X?$" ) then -- validate the ISSN: 8 digits long, containing only 0-9 or X in the last position valid_issn = false; -- wrong length or improper character else valid_issn = is_valid_isxn (id, 8); -- validate ISSN end if true == valid_issn then id = string.sub (id, 1, 4 ) .. "-" .. string.sub (id, 5 ); -- if valid, display correctly formatted version else id = issn_copy; -- if not valid, show the invalid ISSN with error message end text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}) if ignore_invalid then set_message ('maint_issn_ignore'); else if false == valid_issn then options.coins_list_t['ISSN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS set_message ('err_bad_issn', (options.hkey == 'EISSN') and 'e' or ''); -- create an error message if the ISSN is invalid end end return text; end --[[--------------------------< J F M >----------------------------------------------------------------------- A numerical identifier in the form nn.nnnn.nn ]] local function jfm (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local id_num; id_num = id:match ('^[Jj][Ff][Mm](.*)$'); -- identifier with jfm prefix; extract identifier if is_set (id_num) then set_message ('maint_jfm_format'); else -- plain number without JFM prefix id_num = id; -- if here id does not have prefix end if id_num and id_num:match('^%d%d%.%d%d%d%d%.%d%d$') then id = id_num; -- jfm matches pattern else set_message ('err_bad_jfm' ); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['JFM'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}); end --[[--------------------------< J S T O R >-------------------------------------------------------------------- Format a JSTOR with some error checking ]] local function jstor (options) local id = options.id; local access = options.access; local handler = options.handler; if id:find ('[Jj][Ss][Tt][Oo][Rr]') or id:find ('^https?://') or id:find ('%s') then set_message ('err_bad_jstor'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['JSTOR'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access}); end --[[--------------------------< L C C N >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Format LCCN link and do simple error checking. LCCN is a character string 8-12 characters long. The length of the LCCN dictates the character type of the first 1-3 characters; the rightmost eight are always digits. https://oclc-research.github.io/infoURI-Frozen/info-uri.info/info:lccn/reg.html length = 8 then all digits length = 9 then lccn[1] is lowercase alpha length = 10 then lccn[1] and lccn[2] are both lowercase alpha or both digits length = 11 then lccn[1] is lower case alpha, lccn[2] and lccn[3] are both lowercase alpha or both digits length = 12 then lccn[1] and lccn[2] are both lowercase alpha ]] local function lccn (options) local id = options.id; -- local copy of the LCCN local lccn_id = id; local handler = options.handler; local err_flag; -- presume that LCCN is valid id = normalize_lccn (id); -- get canonical form (no whitespace, hyphens, forward slashes) local len = id:len(); -- get the length of the LCCN if 8 == len then if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if LCCN has anything but digits (nil if only digits) err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn'); -- set an error message end elseif 9 == len then -- LCCN should be adddddddd if nil == id:match("%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") then -- does it match our pattern? err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn'); -- set an error message end elseif 10 == len then -- LCCN should be aadddddddd or dddddddddd if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if LCCN has anything but digits (nil if only digits) ... if nil == id:match("^%l%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") then -- ... see if it matches our pattern err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn'); -- no match, set an error message end end elseif 11 == len then -- LCCN should be aaadddddddd or adddddddddd if not (id:match("^%l%l%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") or id:match("^%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d")) then -- see if it matches one of our patterns err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn'); -- no match, set an error message end elseif 12 == len then -- LCCN should be aadddddddddd if not id:match("^%l%l%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d") then -- see if it matches our pattern err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn'); -- no match, set an error message end else err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn'); -- wrong length, set an error message end if not is_set (err_flag) and nil ~= lccn_id:find ('%s') then err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_lccn'); -- lccn contains a space, set an error message end if is_set (err_flag) then options.coins_list_t['LCCN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = lccn_id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}); end --[[--------------------------< M E D R X I V >----------------------------------------------------------------- Format medRxiv ID and do simple error checking. Similar to later bioRxiv IDs, medRxiv IDs are prefixed with a yyyy.mm.dd. date and suffixed with an optional version identifier. Ealiest date accepted is 2020.01.01 The medRxiv ID is a date followed by an eight-digit number followed by an optional version indicator 'v' and one or more digits: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.11.16.20232009v2 -> 10.1101/2020.11.16.20232009v2 ]] local function medrxiv (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local err_msg_flag = true; -- flag; assume that there will be an error local patterns = { '^%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$', -- simple 8-digit identifier; these should be relatively rare '^10%.1101/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$', -- y.m.d. date + 8-digit identifier + version (2020-01-01 and later) '^10%.1101/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$', -- y.m.d. date + 8-digit identifier (2020-01-01 and later) '^10%.64898/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%dv%d+$', -- y.m.d. date + 8-digit identifier + version (2025-12-01 and later) '^10%.64898/(20%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.(%d%d)%.%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$', -- y.m.d. date + 8-digit identifier (2025-12-01 and later) } for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do -- spin through the patterns looking for a match if id:match (pattern) then local y, m, d = id:match (pattern); -- found a match, attempt to get year, month and date from the identifier if m then -- m is nil when id is the 8-digit form if not is_valid_rxiv_date (y, m, d, 'b') then -- validate the encoded date; 'b' for medrxiv limit break; -- date fail; break out early so we don't unset the error message end end err_msg_flag = nil; -- we found a match so unset the error message break; -- and done end end -- <err_msg_flag> remains set here when no match if err_msg_flag then options.coins_list_t['MEDRXIV'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS set_message ('err_bad_medrxiv'); -- and set the error message end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access}); end --[[--------------------------< M R >-------------------------------------------------------------------------- A seven digit number; if not seven digits, zero-fill leading digits to make seven digits. ]] local function mr (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local id_num; local id_len; id_num = id:match ('^[Mm][Rr](%d+)$'); -- identifier with mr prefix if is_set (id_num) then set_message ('maint_mr_format'); -- add maint cat else -- plain number without mr prefix id_num = id:match ('^%d+$'); -- if here id is all digits end id_len = id_num and id_num:len() or 0; if (7 >= id_len) and (0 ~= id_len) then id = string.rep ('0', 7-id_len) .. id_num; -- zero-fill leading digits else set_message ('err_bad_mr'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['MR'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}); end --[[--------------------------< O C L C >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Validate and format an OCLC ID. https://www.oclc.org/batchload/controlnumber.en.html {{dead link}} archived at: https://web.archive.org/web/20161228233804/https://www.oclc.org/batchload/controlnumber.en.html ]] local function oclc (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local number; if id:match('^ocm%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$') then -- ocm prefix and 8 digits; 001 field (12 characters) number = id:match('ocm(%d+)'); -- get the number elseif id:match('^ocn%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$') then -- ocn prefix and 9 digits; 001 field (12 characters) number = id:match('ocn(%d+)'); -- get the number elseif id:match('^on%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d+$') then -- on prefix and 10 or more digits; 001 field (12 characters) number = id:match('^on(%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d+)$'); -- get the number elseif id:match('^%(OCoLC%)[1-9]%d*$') then -- (OCoLC) prefix and variable number digits; no leading zeros; 035 field number = id:match('%(OCoLC%)([1-9]%d*)'); -- get the number if 9 < number:len() then number = nil; -- constrain to 1 to 9 digits; change this when OCLC issues 10-digit numbers end elseif id:match('^%d+$') then -- no prefix number = id; -- get the number if tonumber (id) > handler.id_limit then number = nil; -- unset when id value exceeds the limit end end if number then -- proper format id = number; -- exclude prefix, if any, from external link else set_message ('err_bad_oclc') -- add an error message if the id is malformed options.coins_list_t['OCLC'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}); end --[[--------------------------< O P E N L I B R A R Y >-------------------------------------------------------- Formats an OpenLibrary link, and checks for associated errors. ]] local function openlibrary (options) local id = options.id; local access = options.access; local handler = options.handler; local ident, code = id:gsub('^OL', ''):match("^(%d+([AMW]))$"); -- strip optional OL prefix followed immediately by digits followed by 'A', 'M', or 'W'; local err_flag; local prefix = { -- these are appended to the handler.prefix according to code ['A']='authors/OL', ['M']='books/OL', ['W']='works/OL', ['X']='OL' -- not a code; spoof when 'code' in id is invalid }; if not ident then code = 'X'; -- no code or id completely invalid ident = id; -- copy id to ident so that we display the flawed identifier err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_ol'); end if not is_set (err_flag) then options.coins_list_t['OL'] = handler.prefix .. prefix[code] .. ident; -- experiment for ol coins else options.coins_list_t['OL'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix .. prefix[code], id = ident, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access}); end --[[--------------------------< O S T I >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Format OSTI and do simple error checking. OSTIs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up. This code checks the OSTI to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit specified in the configuration; the value in test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more OSTIs are issued. NB. 1018 is the lowest OSTI number found in the wild (so far) and resolving OK on the OSTI site ]] local function osti (options) local id = options.id; local access = options.access; local handler = options.handler; if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if OSTI has anything but digits set_message ('err_bad_osti'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['OSTI'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS else -- OSTI is only digits local id_num = tonumber (id); -- convert id to a number for range testing if 1018 > id_num or handler.id_limit < id_num then -- if OSTI is outside test limit boundaries set_message ('err_bad_osti'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['OSTI'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access}); end --[[--------------------------< P M C >------------------------------------------------------------------------ Format a PMC, do simple error checking, and check for embargoed articles. The embargo parameter takes a date for a value. If the embargo date is in the future the PMC identifier will not be linked to the article. If the embargo date is today or in the past, or if it is empty or omitted, then the PMC identifier is linked to the article through the link at cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].prefix. PMC embargo date testing is done in function is_embargoed () which is called earlier because when the citation has |pmc=<value> but does not have a |url= then |title= is linked with the PMC link. Function is_embargoed () returns the embargo date if the PMC article is still embargoed, otherwise it returns an empty string. PMCs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up. This code checks the PMC to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more PMCs are issued. ]] local function pmc (options) local id = options.id; local embargo = options.Embargo; -- TODO: lowercase? local handler = options.handler; local err_flag; local id_num; local text; id_num = id:match ('^[Pp][Mm][Cc](%d+)$'); -- identifier with PMC prefix if is_set (id_num) then set_message ('maint_pmc_format'); else -- plain number without PMC prefix id_num = id:match ('^%d+$'); -- if here id is all digits end if is_set (id_num) then -- id_num has a value so test it id_num = tonumber (id_num); -- convert id_num to a number for range testing if 1 > id_num or handler.id_limit < id_num then -- if PMC is outside test limit boundaries err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_pmc'); -- set an error message else id = tostring (id_num); -- make sure id is a string end else -- when id format incorrect err_flag = set_message ('err_bad_pmc'); -- set an error message end if is_set (embargo) and is_set (is_embargoed (embargo)) then -- is PMC is still embargoed? text = table.concat ( -- still embargoed so no external link { make_wikilink (label_link_make (handler), handler.label), handler.separator, id, }); else text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, -- no embargo date or embargo has expired, ok to link to article prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access, auto_link = not err_flag and 'pmc' or nil -- do not auto-link when PMC has error }); end if err_flag then options.coins_list_t['PMC'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return text; end --[[--------------------------< P M I D >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Format PMID and do simple error checking. PMIDs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up. This code checks the PMID to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more PMIDs are issued. ]] local function pmid (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if PMID has anything but digits set_message ('err_bad_pmid'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['PMID'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS else -- PMID is only digits local id_num = tonumber (id); -- convert id to a number for range testing if 1 > id_num or handler.id_limit < id_num then -- if PMID is outside test limit boundaries set_message ('err_bad_pmid'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['PMID'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}); end --[[--------------------------< R F C >------------------------------------------------------------------------ Format RFC and do simple error checking. RFCs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up. This code checks the RFC to see that it contains only digits and is less than test_limit specified in the configuration; the value in test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more RFCs are issued. An index of all RFCs is here: https://tools.ietf.org/rfc/ ]] local function rfc (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; if id:match("[^%d]") then -- if RFC has anything but digits set_message ('err_bad_rfc'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['RFC'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS else -- RFC is only digits local id_num = tonumber (id); -- convert id to a number for range testing if 1 > id_num or handler.id_limit < id_num then -- if RFC is outside test limit boundaries set_message ('err_bad_rfc'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['RFC'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = handler.access}); end --[[--------------------------< S 2 C I D >-------------------------------------------------------------------- Format an S2CID, do simple error checking S2CIDs are sequential numbers beginning at 1 and counting up. This code checks the S2CID to see that it is only digits and is less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more S2CIDs are issued. ]] local function s2cid (options) local id = options.id; local access = options.access; local handler = options.handler; local id_num; local text; id_num = id:match ('^[1-9]%d*$'); -- id must be all digits; must not begin with 0; no open access flag if is_set (id_num) then -- id_num has a value so test it id_num = tonumber (id_num); -- convert id_num to a number for range testing if handler.id_limit < id_num then -- if S2CID is outside test limit boundaries set_message ('err_bad_s2cid'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['S2CID'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end else -- when id format incorrect set_message ('err_bad_s2cid'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['S2CID'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = access}); return text; end --[[--------------------------< S B N >------------------------------------------------------------------------ 9-digit form of ISBN-10; uses same check-digit validation when SBN is prefixed with an additional '0' to make 10 digits sbn value not made part of COinS metadata because we don't have a url or isn't a COinS-defined identifier (rft.xxx) or an identifier registered at info-uri.info (info:) ]] local function sbn (options) local id = options.id; local ignore_invalid = options.accept; local handler = options.handler; local function return_result (check, err_type) -- local function to handle the various returns local SBN = internal_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator}); if not ignore_invalid then -- if not ignoring SBN errors if not check then options.coins_list_t['SBN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS; not really necessary here because sbn not made part of COinS set_message ('err_bad_sbn', {err_type}); -- display an error message return SBN; end else set_message ('maint_isbn_ignore'); -- add a maint category even when there is no error (ToDo: Possibly switch to separate message for SBNs only) end return SBN; end if id:match ('[^%s-0-9X]') then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.char); -- fail if SBN contains anything but digits, hyphens, or the uppercase X end local ident = id:gsub ('[%s-]', ''); -- remove hyphens and whitespace; they interfere with the rest of the tests if 9 ~= ident:len() then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.length); -- fail if incorrect length end if ident:match ('^%d*X?$') == nil then return return_result (false, cfg.err_msg_supl.form); -- fail if SBN has 'X' anywhere but last position end return return_result (is_valid_isxn ('0' .. ident, 10), cfg.err_msg_supl.check); end --[[--------------------------< S S R N >---------------------------------------------------------------------- Format an SSRN, do simple error checking SSRNs are sequential numbers beginning at 100? and counting up. This code checks the SSRN to see that it is only digits and is greater than 99 and less than test_limit; the value in local variable test_limit will need to be updated periodically as more SSRNs are issued. ]] local function ssrn (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local id_num; local text; id_num = id:match ('^%d+$'); -- id must be all digits if is_set (id_num) then -- id_num has a value so test it id_num = tonumber (id_num); -- convert id_num to a number for range testing if 100 > id_num or handler.id_limit < id_num then -- if SSRN is outside test limit boundaries set_message ('err_bad_ssrn'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['SSRN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end else -- when id format incorrect set_message ('err_bad_ssrn'); -- set an error message options.coins_list_t['SSRN'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode, access = options.access}); return text; end --[[--------------------------< U S E N E T _ I D >------------------------------------------------------------ Validate and format a usenet message id. Simple error checking, looks for 'id-left@id-right' not enclosed in '<' and/or '>' angle brackets. ]] local function usenet_id (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; local text = external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}) if not id:match('^.+@.+$') or not id:match('^[^<].*[^>]$') then -- doesn't have '@' or has one or first or last character is '< or '>' set_message ('err_bad_usenet_id') -- add an error message if the message id is invalid options.coins_list_t['USENETID'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return text; end --[[--------------------------< Z B L >----------------------------------------------------------------------- A numerical identifier in the form nnnn.nnnnn - leading zeros in the first quartet optional format described here: http://emis.mi.sanu.ac.rs/ZMATH/zmath/en/help/search/ temporary format is apparently eight digits. Anything else is an error ]] local function zbl (options) local id = options.id; local handler = options.handler; if id:match('^%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d$') then -- is this identifier using temporary format? set_message ('maint_zbl'); -- yes, add maint cat elseif not id:match('^%d?%d?%d?%d%.%d%d%d%d%d$') then -- not temporary, is it normal format? set_message ('err_bad_zbl'); -- no, set an error message options.coins_list_t['ZBL'] = nil; -- when error, unset so not included in COinS end return external_link_id ({link = handler.link, label = handler.label, q = handler.q, redirect = handler.redirect, prefix = handler.prefix, id = id, separator = handler.separator, encode = handler.encode}); end --============================<< I N T E R F A C E F U N C T I O N S >>========================================== --[[--------------------------< E X T R A C T _ I D S >------------------------------------------------------------ Populates ID table from arguments using configuration settings. Loops through cfg.id_handlers and searches args for any of the parameters listed in each cfg.id_handlers['...'].parameters. If found, adds the parameter and value to the identifier list. Emits redundant error message if more than one alias exists in args ]] local function extract_ids (args) local id_list = {}; -- list of identifiers found in args for k, v in pairs (cfg.id_handlers) do -- k is uppercase identifier name as index to cfg.id_handlers; e.g. cfg.id_handlers['ISBN'], v is a table v = select_one (args, v.parameters, 'err_redundant_parameters' ); -- v.parameters is a table of aliases for k; here we pick one from args if present if is_set (v) then id_list[k] = v; end -- if found in args, add identifier to our list end return id_list; end --[[--------------------------< E X T R A C T _ I D _ A C C E S S _ L E V E L S >-------------------------------------- Fetches custom id access levels from arguments using configuration settings. Parameters which have a predefined access level (e.g. arxiv) do not use this function as they are directly rendered as free without using an additional parameter. returns a table of k/v pairs where k is same as the identifier's key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned (valid) keyword access-level values must match the case used in cfg.keywords_lists['id-access'] (lowercase unless there is some special reason for something else) ]] local function extract_id_access_levels (args, id_list) local id_accesses_list = {}; for k, v in pairs (cfg.id_handlers) do local access_param = v.custom_access; -- name of identifier's access-level parameter if is_set (access_param) then local access_level = args[access_param]; -- get the assigned value if there is one if is_set (access_level) then if not in_array (access_level, cfg.keywords_lists['id-access']) then -- exact match required set_message ('err_invalid_param_val', {access_param, access_level}); access_level = nil; -- invalid so unset end if not is_set (id_list[k]) then -- identifier access-level must have a matching identifier set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {k:lower()}); -- parameter name is uppercase in cfg.id_handlers (k); lowercase for error message end id_accesses_list[k] = cfg.keywords_xlate[access_level]; -- get translated keyword end end end return id_accesses_list; end --[[--------------------------< B U I L D _ I D _ L I S T >---------------------------------------------------- render the identifiers into a sorted sequence table <ID_list_coins_t> is a table of k/v pairs where k is same as key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned value <options_t> is a table of various k/v option pairs provided in the call to new_build_id_list(); modified by this function and passed to all identifier rendering functions <access_levels_t> is a table of k/v pairs where k is same as key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned value (if valid) returns a sequence table of sorted (by hkey - 'handler' key) rendered identifier strings ]] local function build_id_list (ID_list_coins_t, options_t, access_levels_t) local ID_list_t = {}; local accept; local func_map = { --function map points to functions associated with hkey identifier ['ARXIV'] = arxiv, ['ASIN'] = asin, ['BIBCODE'] = bibcode, ['BIORXIV'] = biorxiv, ['CITESEERX'] = citeseerx, ['DOI'] = doi, ['EISSN'] = issn, ['HDL'] = hdl, ['ISBN'] = isbn, ['ISMN'] = ismn, ['ISSN'] = issn, ['JFM'] = jfm, ['JSTOR'] = jstor, ['LCCN'] = lccn, ['MEDRXIV'] = medrxiv, ['MR'] = mr, ['OCLC'] = oclc, ['OL'] = openlibrary, ['OSTI'] = osti, ['PMC'] = pmc, ['PMID'] = pmid, ['RFC'] = rfc, ['S2CID'] = s2cid, ['SBN'] = sbn, ['SSRN'] = ssrn, ['USENETID'] = usenet_id, ['ZBL'] = zbl, } for hkey, v in pairs (ID_list_coins_t) do v, accept = has_accept_as_written (v); -- remove accept-as-written markup if present; accept is boolean true when markup removed; false else -- every function gets the options table with value v and accept boolean options_t.hkey = hkey; -- ~/Configuration handler key options_t.id = v; -- add that identifier value to the options table options_t.accept = accept; -- add the accept boolean flag options_t.access = access_levels_t[hkey]; -- add the access level for those that have an |<identifier-access= parameter options_t.handler = cfg.id_handlers[hkey]; options_t.coins_list_t = ID_list_coins_t; -- pointer to ID_list_coins_t; for |asin= and |ol=; also to keep erroneous values out of the citation's metadata options_t.coins_list_t[hkey] = v; -- id value without accept-as-written markup for metadata if options_t.handler.access and not in_array (options_t.handler.access, cfg.keywords_lists['id-access']) then error (cfg.messages['unknown_ID_access'] .. options_t.handler.access); -- here when handler access key set to a value not listed in list of allowed id access keywords end if func_map[hkey] then local id_text = func_map[hkey] (options_t); -- call the function to get identifier text and any error message table.insert (ID_list_t, {hkey, id_text}); -- add identifier text to the output sequence table else error (cfg.messages['unknown_ID_key'] .. hkey); -- here when func_map doesn't have a function for hkey end end local function comp (a, b) -- used by following table.sort() return a[1]:lower() < b[1]:lower(); -- sort by hkey end table.sort (ID_list_t, comp); -- sequence table of tables sort for k, v in ipairs (ID_list_t) do -- convert sequence table of tables to simple sequence table of strings ID_list_t[k] = v[2]; -- v[2] is the identifier rendering from the call to the various functions in func_map{} end return ID_list_t; end --[[--------------------------< O P T I O N S _ C H E C K >---------------------------------------------------- check that certain option parameters have their associated identifier parameters with values <ID_list_coins_t> is a table of k/v pairs where k is same as key in cfg.id_handlers and v is the assigned value <ID_support_t> is a sequence table of tables created in citation0() where each subtable has four elements: [1] is the support parameter's assigned value; empty string if not set [2] is a text string same as key in cfg.id_handlers [3] is cfg.error_conditions key used to create error message [4] is original ID support parameter name used to create error message returns nothing; on error emits an appropriate error message ]] local function options_check (ID_list_coins_t, ID_support_t) for _, v in ipairs (ID_support_t) do if is_set (v[1]) and not ID_list_coins_t[v[2]] then -- when support parameter has a value but matching identifier parameter is missing or empty set_message (v[3], (v[4])); -- emit the appropriate error message end end end --[[--------------------------< I D E N T I F I E R _ L I S T S _ G E T >-------------------------------------- Creates two identifier lists: a k/v table of identifiers and their values to be used locally and for use in the COinS metadata, and a sequence table of the rendered identifier strings that will be included in the rendered citation. ]] local function identifier_lists_get (args_t, options_t, ID_support_t) local ID_list_coins_t = extract_ids (args_t); -- get a table of identifiers and their values for use locally and for use in COinS options_check (ID_list_coins_t, ID_support_t); -- ID support parameters must have matching identifier parameters local ID_access_levels_t = extract_id_access_levels (args_t, ID_list_coins_t); -- get a table of identifier access levels local ID_list_t = build_id_list (ID_list_coins_t, options_t, ID_access_levels_t); -- get a sequence table of rendered identifier strings return ID_list_t, ID_list_coins_t; -- return the tables end --[[--------------------------< S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S >-------------------------------------- Sets local cfg table and imported functions table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules. ]] local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr, utilities_page_ptr) cfg = cfg_table_ptr; has_accept_as_written = utilities_page_ptr.has_accept_as_written; -- import functions from select Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities module is_set = utilities_page_ptr.is_set; in_array = utilities_page_ptr.in_array; set_message = utilities_page_ptr.set_message; select_one = utilities_page_ptr.select_one; substitute = utilities_page_ptr.substitute; make_wikilink = utilities_page_ptr.make_wikilink; end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------ ]] return { auto_link_urls = auto_link_urls, -- table of identifier URLs to be used when auto-linking |title= identifier_lists_get = identifier_lists_get, -- experiment to replace individual calls to build_id_list(), extract_ids, extract_id_access_levels is_embargoed = is_embargoed; set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules; } 5bj1u7sbno5vyrz0hztvhaip3uwhy2w 828 6306 366688 352560 2026-08-08T13:56:45Z en>Trappist the monk 0 synch from sandbox; 366688 Scribunto text/plain local z = { error_cats_t = {}; -- for categorizing citations that contain errors error_ids_t = {}; -- list of error identifiers; used to prevent duplication of certain errors; local to this module error_msgs_t = {}; -- sequence table of error messages maint_cats_t = {}; -- for categorizing citations that aren't erroneous per se, but could use a little work prop_cats_t = {}; -- for categorizing citations based on certain properties, language of source for instance prop_keys_t = {}; -- for adding classes to the citation's <cite> tag }; --[[--------------------------< F O R W A R D D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------------- ]] local cfg; -- table of tables imported from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration --[[--------------------------< I S _ S E T >------------------------------------------------------------------ Returns true if argument is set; false otherwise. Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not an empty string. ]] local function is_set (var) return not (var == nil or var == ''); end --[[--------------------------< I N _ A R R A Y >-------------------------------------------------------------- Whether needle is in haystack ]] local function in_array (needle, haystack) if needle == nil then return false; end for n, v in ipairs (haystack) do if v == needle then return n; end end return false; end --[[--------------------------< H A S _ A C C E P T _ A S _ W R I T T E N >------------------------------------ When <str> is wholly wrapped in accept-as-written markup, return <str> without markup and true; return <str> and false else with allow_empty = false, <str> must have at least one character inside the markup with allow_empty = true, <str> the markup frame can be empty like (()) to distinguish an empty template parameter from the specific condition "has no applicable value" in citation-context. After further evaluation the two cases might be merged at a later stage, but should be kept separated for now. ]] local function has_accept_as_written (str, allow_empty) if not is_set (str) then return str, false; end local count; if true == allow_empty then str, count = str:gsub ('^%(%((.*)%)%)$', '%1'); -- allows (()) to be an empty set else str, count = str:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1'); end return str, 0 ~= count; end --[[--------------------------< S U B S T I T U T E >---------------------------------------------------------- Populates numbered arguments in a message string using an argument table. <args> may be a single string or a sequence table of multiple strings. ]] local function substitute (msg, args) return args and mw.message.newRawMessage (msg, args):plain() or msg; end --[[--------------------------< E R R O R _ C O M M E N T >---------------------------------------------------- Wraps error messages with CSS markup according to the state of hidden. <content> may be a single string or a sequence table of multiple strings. ]] local function error_comment (content, hidden) return substitute (hidden and cfg.presentation['hidden-error'] or cfg.presentation['visible-error'], content); end --[[--------------------------< H Y P H E N _ T O _ D A S H >-------------------------------------------------- Converts a hyphen, endash, emdash to endash under certain conditions. The hyphen/en/em must separate like items; unlike items are returned unmodified. These forms are modified: letter - letter (A-B) digit - digit (4-5) digit separator digit - digit separator digit (4.1-4.5 or 4-1-4-5) letterdigit - letterdigit (A1-A5) (an optional separator between letter and digit is supported – a.1-a.5 or a-1-a-5) digitletter - digitletter (5a-5d) (an optional separator between letter and digit is supported – 5.a-5.d or 5-a-5-d) any other forms are returned unmodified. str may be a comma- or semicolon-separated list of page ranges with/without single pages ]] local function hyphen_to_dash (str) if not is_set (str) then return str; end str = str:gsub ("(%(%(.-%)%))", function(m) return m:gsub(",", "，"):gsub(";", "；") end) -- replace commas and semicolons in accept-as-written markup with similar unicode characters so they'll be ignored during the split str = str:gsub ('&[nm]dash;', {['&ndash;'] = '–', ['&mdash;'] = '—'}); -- replace &mdash; and &ndash; entities with their characters; semicolon mucks up the text.split str = str:gsub ('&#45;', '-'); -- replace HTML numeric entity with hyphen character str = str:gsub ('&nbsp;', ' '); -- replace &nbsp; entity with generic keyboard space character local out = {}; local list = mw.text.split (str, '%s*[,;]%s*'); -- split str at comma or semicolon separators if there are any local accept; -- boolean for _, item in ipairs (list) do -- for each item in the list item, accept = has_accept_as_written (item); -- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of item if not accept and mw.ustring.match (item, '^%w*[%.%-]?%w+%s*[—–-]%s*%w*[%.%-]?%w+$') then -- if pagination uses <hyphen|dot> separators with hyphen/endash/emdash <range separator> if mw.ustring.match (item, '^%a+[%.%-]%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%a+[%.%-]%d+$') or -- letter<hyphen|dot>digit <range separator> letter<hyphen|dot>digit (requires <hyphen|dot> separator between letter and digit) mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+[%.%-]%a+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+[%.%-]%a+$') or -- digit<hyphen|dot>letter <range separator> digit<hyphen|dot>letter (requires <hyphen|dot> separator between digit and letter) mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+[%.%-]%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+[%.%-]%d+$') then -- digit<hyphen|dot>digit <range separator> digit<hyphen|dot>digit (requires <hyphen|dot> separator between digit and digit) item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '(%w*[%.%-]%w+)%s*[—–-]%s*(%w*[%.%-]%w+)', '<span class="nowrap">%1 –</span> <span class="nowrap">%2</span>'); -- replace <range separator>, with spaced endash elseif mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+%a+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+%a+$') or -- digitletter <range separator> digitletter mw.ustring.match (item, '^%a+%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%a+%d+$') or -- letterdigit <range separator> letterdigit mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+$') or -- digit <range separator> digit mw.ustring.match (item, '^%a+%s*[—–-]%s*%a+$') then -- letter<range separator> letter item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '(%w+)%s*[—–-]%s*(%w+)', '<span class="nowrap">%1–</span>%2'); -- replace <range separator> with endash, remove extraneous space characters else -- item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '%s*[—–-]%s*', '–'); -- disabled; here when 'unlike' items so return <item> as is end end table.insert (out, item); -- add the (possibly modified) item to the output table end local temp_str; -- concatenate the output table into a comma separated string temp_str, accept = has_accept_as_written (table.concat (out, ', ')); -- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of concatenated out if accept then temp_str = has_accept_as_written (str); -- when global markup removed, return original str; do it this way to suppress boolean second return value return temp_str:gsub("，", ","):gsub("；", ";"); else return temp_str:gsub("，", ","):gsub("；", ";"); -- else, return assembled temp_str end end --[=[-------------------------< M A K E _ W I K I L I N K >---------------------------------------------------- Makes a wikilink; when both link and display text is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L|D]]; if only link is provided (or link and display are the same), returns a wikilink in the form [[L]]; if neither are provided or link is omitted, returns an empty string. ]=] local function make_wikilink (link, display) if not is_set (link) then return '' end if is_set (display) and link ~= display then return table.concat ({'[[', link, '|', display, ']]'}); else return table.concat ({'[[', link, ']]'}); end end --[[--------------------------< S E T _ M E S S A G E >---------------------------------------------------------- Sets an error message using the ~/Configuration error_conditions{} table along with arguments supplied in the function call, inserts the resulting message in z.error_msgs_t{} sequence table, and returns the error message. <error_id> – key value for appropriate error handler in ~/Configuration error_conditions{} table <arguments> – may be a single string or a sequence table of multiple strings to be subsititued into error_conditions[error_id].message <raw> – boolean true – causes this function to return the error message not wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag; returns error_conditions[error_id].hidden as a second return value does not add message to z.error_msgs_t sequence table false, nil – adds message wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag to z.error_msgs_t returns the error message wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag; there is no second return value <prefix> – string to be prepended to <message> -- TODO: remove support for these unused(?) arguments? <suffix> – string to be appended to <message> TODO: change z.error_cats_t and z.maint_cats_t to have the form cat_name = true? this to avoid dups without having to have an extra table ]] local added_maint_cats = {} -- list of maintenance categories that have been added to z.maint_cats_t; TODO: figure out how to delete this table local function set_message (error_id, arguments, raw, prefix, suffix) local error_state = cfg.error_conditions[error_id]; prefix = prefix or ''; suffix = suffix or ''; if error_state == nil then error (cfg.messages['undefined_error'] .. ': ' .. error_id); -- because missing error handler in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration elseif is_set (error_state.category) then if error_state.message then -- when error_state.message defined, this is an error message table.insert (z.error_cats_t, error_state.category); else if not added_maint_cats[error_id] then added_maint_cats[error_id] = true; -- note that we've added this category table.insert (z.maint_cats_t, substitute (error_state.category, arguments)); -- make cat name then add to table end return; -- because no message, nothing more to do end end local message = substitute (error_state.message, arguments); message = table.concat ( { message, ' (', make_wikilink ( table.concat ( { cfg.messages['help page link'], '#', error_state.anchor }), cfg.messages['help page label']), ')' }); z.error_ids_t[error_id] = true; if z.error_ids_t['err_citation_missing_title'] and -- if missing-title error already noted in_array (error_id, {'err_bare_url_missing_title', 'err_trans_missing_title'}) then -- and this error is one of these return '', false; -- don't bother because one flavor of missing title is sufficient end message = table.concat ({prefix, message, suffix}); if true == raw then return message, error_state.hidden; -- return message not wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag end message = error_comment (message, error_state.hidden); -- wrap message in visible-error, hidden-error span tag table.insert (z.error_msgs_t, message); -- add it to the messages sequence table return message; -- and done; return value generally not used but is used as a flag in various functions of ~/Identifiers end --[[-------------------------< I S _ A L I A S _ U S E D >----------------------------------------------------- This function is used by select_one() to determine if one of a list of alias parameters is in the argument list provided by the template. Input: args – pointer to the arguments table from calling template alias – one of the list of possible aliases in the aliases lists from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration index – for enumerated parameters, identifies which one enumerated – true/false flag used to choose how enumerated aliases are examined value – value associated with an alias that has previously been selected; nil if not yet selected selected – the alias that has previously been selected; nil if not yet selected error_list – list of aliases that are duplicates of the alias already selected Returns: value – value associated with alias we selected or that was previously selected or nil if an alias not yet selected selected – the alias we selected or the alias that was previously selected or nil if an alias not yet selected ]] local function is_alias_used (args, alias, index, enumerated, value, selected, error_list) if enumerated then -- is this a test for an enumerated parameters? alias = alias:gsub ('#', index); -- replace '#' with the value in index else alias = alias:gsub ('#', ''); -- remove '#' if it exists end if is_set (args[alias]) then -- alias is in the template's argument list if value ~= nil and selected ~= alias then -- if we have already selected one of the aliases local skip; for _, v in ipairs (error_list) do -- spin through the error list to see if we've added this alias if v == alias then skip = true; break; -- has been added so stop looking end end if not skip then -- has not been added so table.insert (error_list, alias); -- add error alias to the error list end else value = args[alias]; -- not yet selected an alias, so select this one selected = alias; end end return value, selected; -- return newly selected alias, or previously selected alias end --[[--------------------------< A D D _ M A I N T _ C A T >------------------------------------------------------ Adds a category to z.maint_cats_t using names from the configuration file with additional text if any. To prevent duplication, the added_maint_cats table lists the categories by key that have been added to z.maint_cats_t. ]] local function add_maint_cat (key, arguments) if not added_maint_cats [key] then added_maint_cats [key] = true; -- note that we've added this category table.insert (z.maint_cats_t, substitute (cfg.maint_cats [key], arguments)); -- make name then add to table end end --[[--------------------------< A D D _ P R O P _ C A T >-------------------------------------------------------- Adds a category to z.prop_cats_t using names from the configuration file with additional text if any. foreign_lang_source and foreign_lang_source_2 keys have a language code appended to them so that multiple languages may be categorized but multiples of the same language are not categorized. added_prop_cats is a table declared in page scope variables above ]] local added_prop_cats = {}; -- list of property categories that have been added to z.prop_cats_t local function add_prop_cat (key, arguments, key_modifier) local key_modified = key .. ((key_modifier and key_modifier) or ''); -- modify <key> with <key_modifier> if present and not nil if not added_prop_cats [key_modified] then added_prop_cats [key_modified] = true; -- note that we've added this category table.insert (z.prop_cats_t, substitute (cfg.prop_cats [key], arguments)); -- make name then add to table table.insert (z.prop_keys_t, 'cs1-prop-' .. key); -- convert key to class for use in the citation's <cite> tag end end --[[--------------------------< S A F E _ F O R _ I T A L I C S >---------------------------------------------- Protects a string that will be wrapped in wiki italic markup '' ... '' Note: We cannot use <i> for italics, as the expected behavior for italics specified by ''...'' in the title is that they will be inverted (i.e. unitalicized) in the resulting references. In addition, <i> and '' tend to interact poorly under Mediawiki's HTML tidy. ]] local function safe_for_italics (str) if not is_set (str) then return str end if str:sub (1, 1) == "'" then str = "<span></span>" .. str; end if str:sub (-1, -1) == "'" then str = str .. "<span></span>"; end return str:gsub ('\n', ' '); -- Remove newlines as they break italics. end --[[--------------------------< W R A P _ S T Y L E >---------------------------------------------------------- Applies styling to various parameters. Supplied string is wrapped using a message_list configuration taking one argument; protects italic styled parameters. Additional text taken from citation_config.presentation - the reason this function is similar to but separate from wrap_msg(). ]] local function wrap_style (key, str) if not is_set (str) then return ""; elseif in_array (key, {'italic-title', 'trans-italic-title'}) then str = safe_for_italics (str); end return substitute (cfg.presentation[key], {str}); end --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ S E P _ L I S T >------------------------------------------------------------ make a separated list of items using provided separators. <sep_list> - typically '<comma><space>' <sep_list_pair> - typically '<space>and<space>' <sep_list_end> - typically '<comma><space>and<space>' or '<comma><space>&<space>' defaults to cfg.presentation['sep_list'], cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'], and cfg.presentation['sep_list_end'] if <sep_list_end> is specified, <sep_list> and <sep_list_pair> must also be supplied ]] local function make_sep_list (count, list_seq, sep_list, sep_list_pair, sep_list_end) local list = ''; if not sep_list then -- set the defaults sep_list = cfg.presentation['sep_list']; sep_list_pair = cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair']; sep_list_end = cfg.presentation['sep_list_end']; end if 2 >= count then list = table.concat (list_seq, sep_list_pair); -- insert separator between two items; returns list_seq[1] then only one item elseif 2 < count then list = table.concat (list_seq, sep_list, 1, count - 1); -- concatenate all but last item with plain list separator list = table.concat ({list, list_seq[count]}, sep_list_end); -- concatenate last item onto end of <list> with final separator end return list; end --[[--------------------------< S E L E C T _ O N E >---------------------------------------------------------- Chooses one matching parameter from a list of parameters to consider. The list of parameters to consider is just names. For parameters that may be enumerated, the position of the numerator in the parameter name is identified by the '#' so |author-last1= and |author1-last= are represented as 'author-last#' and 'author#-last'. Because enumerated parameter |<param>1= is an alias of |<param>= we must test for both possibilities. Generates an error if more than one match is present. ]] local function select_one (args, aliases_list, error_condition, index) local value = nil; -- the value assigned to the selected parameter local selected = ''; -- the name of the parameter we have chosen local error_list = {}; if index ~= nil then index = tostring(index); end for _, alias in ipairs (aliases_list) do -- for each alias in the aliases list if alias:match ('#') then -- if this alias can be enumerated if '1' == index then -- when index is 1 test for enumerated and non-enumerated aliases value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, false, value, selected, error_list); -- first test for non-enumerated alias end value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, true, value, selected, error_list); -- test for enumerated alias else value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, false, value, selected, error_list); -- test for non-enumerated alias end end if #error_list > 0 and 'none' ~= error_condition then -- for cases where this code is used outside of extract_names() for i, v in ipairs (error_list) do error_list[i] = wrap_style ('parameter', v); end table.insert (error_list, wrap_style ('parameter', selected)); set_message (error_condition, {make_sep_list (#error_list, error_list)}); end return value, selected; end --[=[-------------------------< R E M O V E _ W I K I _ L I N K >---------------------------------------------- Gets the display text from a wikilink like [[A|B]] or [[B]] gives B The str:gsub() returns either A|B froma [[A|B]] or B from [[B]] or B from B (no wikilink markup). In l(), l:gsub() removes the link and pipe (if they exist); the second :gsub() trims whitespace from the label if str was wrapped in wikilink markup. Presumably, this is because without wikimarkup in str, there is no match in the initial gsub, the replacement function l() doesn't get called. ]=] local function remove_wiki_link (str) return (str:gsub ("%[%[([^%[%]]*)%]%]", function(l) return l:gsub ("^[^|]*|(.*)$", "%1" ):gsub ("^%s*(.-)%s*$", "%1"); end)); end --[=[-------------------------< I S _ W I K I L I N K >-------------------------------------------------------- Determines if str is a wikilink, extracts, and returns the wikilink type, link text, and display text parts. If str is a complex wikilink ([[L|D]]): returns wl_type 2 and D and L from [[L|D]]; if str is a simple wikilink ([[D]]) returns wl_type 1 and D from [[D]] and L as empty string; if not a wikilink: returns wl_type 0, str as D, and L as empty string. trims leading and trailing whitespace and pipes from L and D ([[L|]] and [[|D]] are accepted by MediaWiki and treated like [[D]]; while [[|D|]] is not accepted by MediaWiki, here, we accept it and return D without the pipes). ]=] local function is_wikilink (str) local D, L local wl_type = 2; -- assume that str is a complex wikilink [[L|D]] if not str:match ('^%[%[[^%]]+%]%]$') then -- is str some sort of a wikilink (must have some sort of content) return 0, str, ''; -- not a wikilink; return wl_type as 0, str as D, and empty string as L end L, D = str:match ('^%[%[([^|]+)|([^%]]+)%]%]$'); -- get L and D from [[L|D]] if not is_set (D) then -- if no separate display D = str:match ('^%[%[([^%]]*)|*%]%]$'); -- get D from [[D]] or [[D|]] wl_type = 1; end D = mw.text.trim (D, '%s|'); -- trim white space and pipe characters return wl_type, D, L or ''; end --[[--------------------------< S T R I P _ A P O S T R O P H E _ M A R K U P >-------------------------------- Strip wiki italic and bold markup from argument so that it doesn't contaminate COinS metadata. This function strips common patterns of apostrophe markup. We presume that editors who have taken the time to markup a title have, as a result, provided valid markup. When they don't, some single apostrophes are left behind. Returns the argument without wiki markup and a number; the number is more-or-less meaningless except as a flag to indicate that markup was replaced; do not rely on it as an indicator of how many of any kind of markup was removed; returns the argument and nil when no markup removed ]] local function strip_apostrophe_markup (argument) if not is_set (argument) then return argument, nil; -- no argument, nothing to do end if nil == argument:find ( "''", 1, true ) then -- Is there at least one double apostrophe? If not, exit. return argument, nil; end local flag; while true do if argument:find ("'''''", 1, true) then -- bold italic (5) argument, flag = argument:gsub ("%'%'%'%'%'", ""); -- remove all instances of it elseif argument:find ("''''", 1, true) then -- italic start and end without content (4) argument, flag=argument:gsub ("%'%'%'%'", ""); elseif argument:find ("'''", 1, true) then -- bold (3) argument, flag=argument:gsub ("%'%'%'", ""); elseif argument:find ("''", 1, true) then -- italic (2) argument, flag = argument:gsub ("%'%'", ""); else break; end end return argument, flag; -- done end --[[--------------------------< S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S >-------------------------------------- Sets local cfg table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules. ]] local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr) cfg = cfg_table_ptr; end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T S >---------------------------------------------------------------- ]] return { add_maint_cat = add_maint_cat, -- exported functions add_prop_cat = add_prop_cat, error_comment = error_comment, has_accept_as_written = has_accept_as_written, hyphen_to_dash = hyphen_to_dash, in_array = in_array, is_set = is_set, is_wikilink = is_wikilink, make_sep_list = make_sep_list, make_wikilink = make_wikilink, remove_wiki_link = remove_wiki_link, safe_for_italics = safe_for_italics, select_one = select_one, set_message = set_message, set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules, strip_apostrophe_markup = strip_apostrophe_markup, substitute = substitute, wrap_style = wrap_style, z = z, -- exported table } bvyfrlfh7kkrrt2v6jk2f3z13girav4 366689 366688 2026-08-23T13:30:11Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities]] 366688 Scribunto text/plain local z = { error_cats_t = {}; -- for categorizing citations that contain errors error_ids_t = {}; -- list of error identifiers; used to prevent duplication of certain errors; local to this module error_msgs_t = {}; -- sequence table of error messages maint_cats_t = {}; -- for categorizing citations that aren't erroneous per se, but could use a little work prop_cats_t = {}; -- for categorizing citations based on certain properties, language of source for instance prop_keys_t = {}; -- for adding classes to the citation's <cite> tag }; --[[--------------------------< F O R W A R D D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------------- ]] local cfg; -- table of tables imported from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration --[[--------------------------< I S _ S E T >------------------------------------------------------------------ Returns true if argument is set; false otherwise. Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not an empty string. ]] local function is_set (var) return not (var == nil or var == ''); end --[[--------------------------< I N _ A R R A Y >-------------------------------------------------------------- Whether needle is in haystack ]] local function in_array (needle, haystack) if needle == nil then return false; end for n, v in ipairs (haystack) do if v == needle then return n; end end return false; end --[[--------------------------< H A S _ A C C E P T _ A S _ W R I T T E N >------------------------------------ When <str> is wholly wrapped in accept-as-written markup, return <str> without markup and true; return <str> and false else with allow_empty = false, <str> must have at least one character inside the markup with allow_empty = true, <str> the markup frame can be empty like (()) to distinguish an empty template parameter from the specific condition "has no applicable value" in citation-context. After further evaluation the two cases might be merged at a later stage, but should be kept separated for now. ]] local function has_accept_as_written (str, allow_empty) if not is_set (str) then return str, false; end local count; if true == allow_empty then str, count = str:gsub ('^%(%((.*)%)%)$', '%1'); -- allows (()) to be an empty set else str, count = str:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1'); end return str, 0 ~= count; end --[[--------------------------< S U B S T I T U T E >---------------------------------------------------------- Populates numbered arguments in a message string using an argument table. <args> may be a single string or a sequence table of multiple strings. ]] local function substitute (msg, args) return args and mw.message.newRawMessage (msg, args):plain() or msg; end --[[--------------------------< E R R O R _ C O M M E N T >---------------------------------------------------- Wraps error messages with CSS markup according to the state of hidden. <content> may be a single string or a sequence table of multiple strings. ]] local function error_comment (content, hidden) return substitute (hidden and cfg.presentation['hidden-error'] or cfg.presentation['visible-error'], content); end --[[--------------------------< H Y P H E N _ T O _ D A S H >-------------------------------------------------- Converts a hyphen, endash, emdash to endash under certain conditions. The hyphen/en/em must separate like items; unlike items are returned unmodified. These forms are modified: letter - letter (A-B) digit - digit (4-5) digit separator digit - digit separator digit (4.1-4.5 or 4-1-4-5) letterdigit - letterdigit (A1-A5) (an optional separator between letter and digit is supported – a.1-a.5 or a-1-a-5) digitletter - digitletter (5a-5d) (an optional separator between letter and digit is supported – 5.a-5.d or 5-a-5-d) any other forms are returned unmodified. str may be a comma- or semicolon-separated list of page ranges with/without single pages ]] local function hyphen_to_dash (str) if not is_set (str) then return str; end str = str:gsub ("(%(%(.-%)%))", function(m) return m:gsub(",", "，"):gsub(";", "；") end) -- replace commas and semicolons in accept-as-written markup with similar unicode characters so they'll be ignored during the split str = str:gsub ('&[nm]dash;', {['&ndash;'] = '–', ['&mdash;'] = '—'}); -- replace &mdash; and &ndash; entities with their characters; semicolon mucks up the text.split str = str:gsub ('&#45;', '-'); -- replace HTML numeric entity with hyphen character str = str:gsub ('&nbsp;', ' '); -- replace &nbsp; entity with generic keyboard space character local out = {}; local list = mw.text.split (str, '%s*[,;]%s*'); -- split str at comma or semicolon separators if there are any local accept; -- boolean for _, item in ipairs (list) do -- for each item in the list item, accept = has_accept_as_written (item); -- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of item if not accept and mw.ustring.match (item, '^%w*[%.%-]?%w+%s*[—–-]%s*%w*[%.%-]?%w+$') then -- if pagination uses <hyphen|dot> separators with hyphen/endash/emdash <range separator> if mw.ustring.match (item, '^%a+[%.%-]%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%a+[%.%-]%d+$') or -- letter<hyphen|dot>digit <range separator> letter<hyphen|dot>digit (requires <hyphen|dot> separator between letter and digit) mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+[%.%-]%a+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+[%.%-]%a+$') or -- digit<hyphen|dot>letter <range separator> digit<hyphen|dot>letter (requires <hyphen|dot> separator between digit and letter) mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+[%.%-]%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+[%.%-]%d+$') then -- digit<hyphen|dot>digit <range separator> digit<hyphen|dot>digit (requires <hyphen|dot> separator between digit and digit) item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '(%w*[%.%-]%w+)%s*[—–-]%s*(%w*[%.%-]%w+)', '<span class="nowrap">%1 –</span> <span class="nowrap">%2</span>'); -- replace <range separator>, with spaced endash elseif mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+%a+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+%a+$') or -- digitletter <range separator> digitletter mw.ustring.match (item, '^%a+%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%a+%d+$') or -- letterdigit <range separator> letterdigit mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+$') or -- digit <range separator> digit mw.ustring.match (item, '^%a+%s*[—–-]%s*%a+$') then -- letter<range separator> letter item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '(%w+)%s*[—–-]%s*(%w+)', '<span class="nowrap">%1–</span>%2'); -- replace <range separator> with endash, remove extraneous space characters else -- item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '%s*[—–-]%s*', '–'); -- disabled; here when 'unlike' items so return <item> as is end end table.insert (out, item); -- add the (possibly modified) item to the output table end local temp_str; -- concatenate the output table into a comma separated string temp_str, accept = has_accept_as_written (table.concat (out, ', ')); -- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of concatenated out if accept then temp_str = has_accept_as_written (str); -- when global markup removed, return original str; do it this way to suppress boolean second return value return temp_str:gsub("，", ","):gsub("；", ";"); else return temp_str:gsub("，", ","):gsub("；", ";"); -- else, return assembled temp_str end end --[=[-------------------------< M A K E _ W I K I L I N K >---------------------------------------------------- Makes a wikilink; when both link and display text is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L|D]]; if only link is provided (or link and display are the same), returns a wikilink in the form [[L]]; if neither are provided or link is omitted, returns an empty string. ]=] local function make_wikilink (link, display) if not is_set (link) then return '' end if is_set (display) and link ~= display then return table.concat ({'[[', link, '|', display, ']]'}); else return table.concat ({'[[', link, ']]'}); end end --[[--------------------------< S E T _ M E S S A G E >---------------------------------------------------------- Sets an error message using the ~/Configuration error_conditions{} table along with arguments supplied in the function call, inserts the resulting message in z.error_msgs_t{} sequence table, and returns the error message. <error_id> – key value for appropriate error handler in ~/Configuration error_conditions{} table <arguments> – may be a single string or a sequence table of multiple strings to be subsititued into error_conditions[error_id].message <raw> – boolean true – causes this function to return the error message not wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag; returns error_conditions[error_id].hidden as a second return value does not add message to z.error_msgs_t sequence table false, nil – adds message wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag to z.error_msgs_t returns the error message wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag; there is no second return value <prefix> – string to be prepended to <message> -- TODO: remove support for these unused(?) arguments? <suffix> – string to be appended to <message> TODO: change z.error_cats_t and z.maint_cats_t to have the form cat_name = true? this to avoid dups without having to have an extra table ]] local added_maint_cats = {} -- list of maintenance categories that have been added to z.maint_cats_t; TODO: figure out how to delete this table local function set_message (error_id, arguments, raw, prefix, suffix) local error_state = cfg.error_conditions[error_id]; prefix = prefix or ''; suffix = suffix or ''; if error_state == nil then error (cfg.messages['undefined_error'] .. ': ' .. error_id); -- because missing error handler in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration elseif is_set (error_state.category) then if error_state.message then -- when error_state.message defined, this is an error message table.insert (z.error_cats_t, error_state.category); else if not added_maint_cats[error_id] then added_maint_cats[error_id] = true; -- note that we've added this category table.insert (z.maint_cats_t, substitute (error_state.category, arguments)); -- make cat name then add to table end return; -- because no message, nothing more to do end end local message = substitute (error_state.message, arguments); message = table.concat ( { message, ' (', make_wikilink ( table.concat ( { cfg.messages['help page link'], '#', error_state.anchor }), cfg.messages['help page label']), ')' }); z.error_ids_t[error_id] = true; if z.error_ids_t['err_citation_missing_title'] and -- if missing-title error already noted in_array (error_id, {'err_bare_url_missing_title', 'err_trans_missing_title'}) then -- and this error is one of these return '', false; -- don't bother because one flavor of missing title is sufficient end message = table.concat ({prefix, message, suffix}); if true == raw then return message, error_state.hidden; -- return message not wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag end message = error_comment (message, error_state.hidden); -- wrap message in visible-error, hidden-error span tag table.insert (z.error_msgs_t, message); -- add it to the messages sequence table return message; -- and done; return value generally not used but is used as a flag in various functions of ~/Identifiers end --[[-------------------------< I S _ A L I A S _ U S E D >----------------------------------------------------- This function is used by select_one() to determine if one of a list of alias parameters is in the argument list provided by the template. Input: args – pointer to the arguments table from calling template alias – one of the list of possible aliases in the aliases lists from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration index – for enumerated parameters, identifies which one enumerated – true/false flag used to choose how enumerated aliases are examined value – value associated with an alias that has previously been selected; nil if not yet selected selected – the alias that has previously been selected; nil if not yet selected error_list – list of aliases that are duplicates of the alias already selected Returns: value – value associated with alias we selected or that was previously selected or nil if an alias not yet selected selected – the alias we selected or the alias that was previously selected or nil if an alias not yet selected ]] local function is_alias_used (args, alias, index, enumerated, value, selected, error_list) if enumerated then -- is this a test for an enumerated parameters? alias = alias:gsub ('#', index); -- replace '#' with the value in index else alias = alias:gsub ('#', ''); -- remove '#' if it exists end if is_set (args[alias]) then -- alias is in the template's argument list if value ~= nil and selected ~= alias then -- if we have already selected one of the aliases local skip; for _, v in ipairs (error_list) do -- spin through the error list to see if we've added this alias if v == alias then skip = true; break; -- has been added so stop looking end end if not skip then -- has not been added so table.insert (error_list, alias); -- add error alias to the error list end else value = args[alias]; -- not yet selected an alias, so select this one selected = alias; end end return value, selected; -- return newly selected alias, or previously selected alias end --[[--------------------------< A D D _ M A I N T _ C A T >------------------------------------------------------ Adds a category to z.maint_cats_t using names from the configuration file with additional text if any. To prevent duplication, the added_maint_cats table lists the categories by key that have been added to z.maint_cats_t. ]] local function add_maint_cat (key, arguments) if not added_maint_cats [key] then added_maint_cats [key] = true; -- note that we've added this category table.insert (z.maint_cats_t, substitute (cfg.maint_cats [key], arguments)); -- make name then add to table end end --[[--------------------------< A D D _ P R O P _ C A T >-------------------------------------------------------- Adds a category to z.prop_cats_t using names from the configuration file with additional text if any. foreign_lang_source and foreign_lang_source_2 keys have a language code appended to them so that multiple languages may be categorized but multiples of the same language are not categorized. added_prop_cats is a table declared in page scope variables above ]] local added_prop_cats = {}; -- list of property categories that have been added to z.prop_cats_t local function add_prop_cat (key, arguments, key_modifier) local key_modified = key .. ((key_modifier and key_modifier) or ''); -- modify <key> with <key_modifier> if present and not nil if not added_prop_cats [key_modified] then added_prop_cats [key_modified] = true; -- note that we've added this category table.insert (z.prop_cats_t, substitute (cfg.prop_cats [key], arguments)); -- make name then add to table table.insert (z.prop_keys_t, 'cs1-prop-' .. key); -- convert key to class for use in the citation's <cite> tag end end --[[--------------------------< S A F E _ F O R _ I T A L I C S >---------------------------------------------- Protects a string that will be wrapped in wiki italic markup '' ... '' Note: We cannot use <i> for italics, as the expected behavior for italics specified by ''...'' in the title is that they will be inverted (i.e. unitalicized) in the resulting references. In addition, <i> and '' tend to interact poorly under Mediawiki's HTML tidy. ]] local function safe_for_italics (str) if not is_set (str) then return str end if str:sub (1, 1) == "'" then str = "<span></span>" .. str; end if str:sub (-1, -1) == "'" then str = str .. "<span></span>"; end return str:gsub ('\n', ' '); -- Remove newlines as they break italics. end --[[--------------------------< W R A P _ S T Y L E >---------------------------------------------------------- Applies styling to various parameters. Supplied string is wrapped using a message_list configuration taking one argument; protects italic styled parameters. Additional text taken from citation_config.presentation - the reason this function is similar to but separate from wrap_msg(). ]] local function wrap_style (key, str) if not is_set (str) then return ""; elseif in_array (key, {'italic-title', 'trans-italic-title'}) then str = safe_for_italics (str); end return substitute (cfg.presentation[key], {str}); end --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ S E P _ L I S T >------------------------------------------------------------ make a separated list of items using provided separators. <sep_list> - typically '<comma><space>' <sep_list_pair> - typically '<space>and<space>' <sep_list_end> - typically '<comma><space>and<space>' or '<comma><space>&<space>' defaults to cfg.presentation['sep_list'], cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'], and cfg.presentation['sep_list_end'] if <sep_list_end> is specified, <sep_list> and <sep_list_pair> must also be supplied ]] local function make_sep_list (count, list_seq, sep_list, sep_list_pair, sep_list_end) local list = ''; if not sep_list then -- set the defaults sep_list = cfg.presentation['sep_list']; sep_list_pair = cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair']; sep_list_end = cfg.presentation['sep_list_end']; end if 2 >= count then list = table.concat (list_seq, sep_list_pair); -- insert separator between two items; returns list_seq[1] then only one item elseif 2 < count then list = table.concat (list_seq, sep_list, 1, count - 1); -- concatenate all but last item with plain list separator list = table.concat ({list, list_seq[count]}, sep_list_end); -- concatenate last item onto end of <list> with final separator end return list; end --[[--------------------------< S E L E C T _ O N E >---------------------------------------------------------- Chooses one matching parameter from a list of parameters to consider. The list of parameters to consider is just names. For parameters that may be enumerated, the position of the numerator in the parameter name is identified by the '#' so |author-last1= and |author1-last= are represented as 'author-last#' and 'author#-last'. Because enumerated parameter |<param>1= is an alias of |<param>= we must test for both possibilities. Generates an error if more than one match is present. ]] local function select_one (args, aliases_list, error_condition, index) local value = nil; -- the value assigned to the selected parameter local selected = ''; -- the name of the parameter we have chosen local error_list = {}; if index ~= nil then index = tostring(index); end for _, alias in ipairs (aliases_list) do -- for each alias in the aliases list if alias:match ('#') then -- if this alias can be enumerated if '1' == index then -- when index is 1 test for enumerated and non-enumerated aliases value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, false, value, selected, error_list); -- first test for non-enumerated alias end value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, true, value, selected, error_list); -- test for enumerated alias else value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, false, value, selected, error_list); -- test for non-enumerated alias end end if #error_list > 0 and 'none' ~= error_condition then -- for cases where this code is used outside of extract_names() for i, v in ipairs (error_list) do error_list[i] = wrap_style ('parameter', v); end table.insert (error_list, wrap_style ('parameter', selected)); set_message (error_condition, {make_sep_list (#error_list, error_list)}); end return value, selected; end --[=[-------------------------< R E M O V E _ W I K I _ L I N K >---------------------------------------------- Gets the display text from a wikilink like [[A|B]] or [[B]] gives B The str:gsub() returns either A|B froma [[A|B]] or B from [[B]] or B from B (no wikilink markup). In l(), l:gsub() removes the link and pipe (if they exist); the second :gsub() trims whitespace from the label if str was wrapped in wikilink markup. Presumably, this is because without wikimarkup in str, there is no match in the initial gsub, the replacement function l() doesn't get called. ]=] local function remove_wiki_link (str) return (str:gsub ("%[%[([^%[%]]*)%]%]", function(l) return l:gsub ("^[^|]*|(.*)$", "%1" ):gsub ("^%s*(.-)%s*$", "%1"); end)); end --[=[-------------------------< I S _ W I K I L I N K >-------------------------------------------------------- Determines if str is a wikilink, extracts, and returns the wikilink type, link text, and display text parts. If str is a complex wikilink ([[L|D]]): returns wl_type 2 and D and L from [[L|D]]; if str is a simple wikilink ([[D]]) returns wl_type 1 and D from [[D]] and L as empty string; if not a wikilink: returns wl_type 0, str as D, and L as empty string. trims leading and trailing whitespace and pipes from L and D ([[L|]] and [[|D]] are accepted by MediaWiki and treated like [[D]]; while [[|D|]] is not accepted by MediaWiki, here, we accept it and return D without the pipes). ]=] local function is_wikilink (str) local D, L local wl_type = 2; -- assume that str is a complex wikilink [[L|D]] if not str:match ('^%[%[[^%]]+%]%]$') then -- is str some sort of a wikilink (must have some sort of content) return 0, str, ''; -- not a wikilink; return wl_type as 0, str as D, and empty string as L end L, D = str:match ('^%[%[([^|]+)|([^%]]+)%]%]$'); -- get L and D from [[L|D]] if not is_set (D) then -- if no separate display D = str:match ('^%[%[([^%]]*)|*%]%]$'); -- get D from [[D]] or [[D|]] wl_type = 1; end D = mw.text.trim (D, '%s|'); -- trim white space and pipe characters return wl_type, D, L or ''; end --[[--------------------------< S T R I P _ A P O S T R O P H E _ M A R K U P >-------------------------------- Strip wiki italic and bold markup from argument so that it doesn't contaminate COinS metadata. This function strips common patterns of apostrophe markup. We presume that editors who have taken the time to markup a title have, as a result, provided valid markup. When they don't, some single apostrophes are left behind. Returns the argument without wiki markup and a number; the number is more-or-less meaningless except as a flag to indicate that markup was replaced; do not rely on it as an indicator of how many of any kind of markup was removed; returns the argument and nil when no markup removed ]] local function strip_apostrophe_markup (argument) if not is_set (argument) then return argument, nil; -- no argument, nothing to do end if nil == argument:find ( "''", 1, true ) then -- Is there at least one double apostrophe? If not, exit. return argument, nil; end local flag; while true do if argument:find ("'''''", 1, true) then -- bold italic (5) argument, flag = argument:gsub ("%'%'%'%'%'", ""); -- remove all instances of it elseif argument:find ("''''", 1, true) then -- italic start and end without content (4) argument, flag=argument:gsub ("%'%'%'%'", ""); elseif argument:find ("'''", 1, true) then -- bold (3) argument, flag=argument:gsub ("%'%'%'", ""); elseif argument:find ("''", 1, true) then -- italic (2) argument, flag = argument:gsub ("%'%'", ""); else break; end end return argument, flag; -- done end --[[--------------------------< S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S >-------------------------------------- Sets local cfg table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules. ]] local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr) cfg = cfg_table_ptr; end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T S >---------------------------------------------------------------- ]] return { add_maint_cat = add_maint_cat, -- exported functions add_prop_cat = add_prop_cat, error_comment = error_comment, has_accept_as_written = has_accept_as_written, hyphen_to_dash = hyphen_to_dash, in_array = in_array, is_set = is_set, is_wikilink = is_wikilink, make_sep_list = make_sep_list, make_wikilink = make_wikilink, remove_wiki_link = remove_wiki_link, safe_for_italics = safe_for_italics, select_one = select_one, set_message = set_message, set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules, strip_apostrophe_markup = strip_apostrophe_markup, substitute = substitute, wrap_style = wrap_style, z = z, -- exported table } bvyfrlfh7kkrrt2v6jk2f3z13girav4 828 6307 366694 234240 2026-08-08T13:56:43Z en>Trappist the monk 0 synch from sandbox; 366694 Scribunto text/plain --[[--------------------------< F O R W A R D D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------------- ]] local has_accept_as_written, is_set, in_array, remove_wiki_link, strip_apostrophe_markup; -- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities local cfg; -- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ C O I N S _ T I T L E >---------------------------------------------- Makes a title for COinS from Title and / or ScriptTitle (or any other name-script pairs) Apostrophe markup (bold, italics) is stripped from each value so that the COinS metadata isn't corrupted with strings of %27%27... ]] local function make_coins_title (title, script) title = has_accept_as_written (title); if is_set (title) then title = strip_apostrophe_markup (title); -- strip any apostrophe markup else title = ''; -- if not set, make sure title is an empty string end if is_set (script) then script = script:gsub ('^%l%l%s*:%s*', ''); -- remove language prefix if present (script value may now be empty string) script = strip_apostrophe_markup (script); -- strip any apostrophe markup else script = ''; -- if not set, make sure script is an empty string end if is_set (title) and is_set (script) then script = ' ' .. script; -- add a space before we concatenate end return title .. script; -- return the concatenation end --[[--------------------------< E S C A P E _ L U A _ M A G I C _ C H A R S >---------------------------------- Returns a string where all of Lua's magic characters have been escaped. This is important because functions like string.gsub() treat their pattern and replace strings as patterns, not literal strings. ]] local function escape_lua_magic_chars (argument) argument = argument:gsub("%%", "%%%%"); -- replace % with %% argument = argument:gsub("([%^%$%(%)%.%[%]%*%+%-%?])", "%%%1"); -- replace all other Lua magic pattern characters return argument; end --[[--------------------------< G E T _ C O I N S _ P A G E S >------------------------------------------------ Extract page numbers from external wikilinks in any of the |page=, |pages=, or |at= parameters for use in COinS. ]] local function get_coins_pages (pages) local pattern; if not is_set (pages) then return pages; end -- if no page numbers then we're done while true do pattern = pages:match("%[(%w*:?//[^ ]+%s+)[%w%d].*%]"); -- pattern is the opening bracket, the URL and following space(s): "[url " if nil == pattern then break; end -- no more URLs pattern = escape_lua_magic_chars (pattern); -- pattern is not a literal string; escape Lua's magic pattern characters pages = pages:gsub(pattern, ""); -- remove as many instances of pattern as possible end pages = pages:gsub("[%[%]]", ""); -- remove the brackets pages = pages:gsub("–", "-" ); -- replace endashes with hyphens pages = pages:gsub("&%w+;", "-" ); -- and replace HTML entities (&ndash; etc.) with hyphens; do we need to replace numerical entities like &#32; and the like? pages = pages:gsub ('%b<>', ''); -- remove html-like tags; spans are added to <Pages> by utilities.hyphen_to_dash() which should not appear in COinS metadata return pages; end --[=[-------------------------< C O I N S _ R E P L A C E _ M A T H _ S T R I P M A R K E R >------------------ There are three options for math markup rendering that depend on the editor's math preference settings. These settings are at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering]] and are PNG images TeX source MathML with SVG or PNG fallback All three are heavy with HTML and CSS which doesn't belong in the metadata. Without this function, the metadata saved in the raw wikitext contained the rendering determined by the settings of the last editor to save the page. This function gets the rendered form of an equation according to the editor's preference before the page is saved. It then searches the rendering for the text equivalent of the rendered equation and replaces the rendering with that so that the page is saved without extraneous HTML/CSS markup and with a reasonably readable text form of the equation. When a replacement is made, this function returns true and the value with replacement; otherwise false and the initial value. To replace multipe equations it is necessary to call this function from within a loop. ]=] local function coins_replace_math_stripmarker (value) local stripmarker = cfg.stripmarkers['math']; local rendering = value:match (stripmarker); -- is there a math stripmarker if not rendering then -- when value doesn't have a math stripmarker, abandon this test return false, value; end rendering = mw.text.unstripNoWiki (rendering); -- convert stripmarker into rendered value (or nil? ''? when math render error) if rendering:match ('alt="[^"]+"') then -- if PNG math option rendering = rendering:match ('alt="([^"]+)"'); -- extract just the math text elseif rendering:match ('$%s+.+%s+%$') then -- if TeX math option; $ is legit character that is escapes as \$ rendering = rendering:match ('$%s+(.+)%s+%$') -- extract just the math text elseif rendering:match ('<annotation[^>]+>.+</annotation>') then -- if MathML math option rendering = rendering:match ('<annotation[^>]+>(.+)</annotation>') -- extract just the math text else return false, value; -- had math stripmarker but not one of the three defined forms end return true, value:gsub (stripmarker, rendering, 1); end --[[--------------------------< C O I N S _ C L E A N U P >---------------------------------------------------- Cleanup parameter values for the metadata by removing or replacing invisible characters and certain HTML entities. 2015-12-10: there is a bug in mw.text.unstripNoWiki (). It replaces math stripmarkers with the appropriate content when it shouldn't. See https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T121085 and Wikipedia_talk:Lua#stripmarkers_and_mw.text.unstripNoWiki.28.29 TODO: move the replacement patterns and replacement values into a table in /Configuration similar to the invisible characters table? ]] local function coins_cleanup (value) local replaced = true; -- default state to get the do loop running while replaced do -- loop until all math stripmarkers replaced replaced, value = coins_replace_math_stripmarker (value); -- replace math stripmarker with text representation of the equation end value = value:gsub (cfg.stripmarkers['math'], "MATH RENDER ERROR"); -- one or more couldn't be replaced; insert vague error message value = mw.text.unstripNoWiki (value); -- replace nowiki stripmarkers with their content value = value:gsub ('<span class="nowrap" style="padding%-left:0%.1em;">&#39;(s?)</span>', "'%1"); -- replace {{'}} or {{'s}} with simple apostrophe or apostrophe-s value = value:gsub ('&nbsp;', ' '); -- replace &nbsp; entity with plain space value = value:gsub ('\226\128\138', ' '); -- replace hair space with plain space if not mw.ustring.find (value, cfg.indic_script) then -- don't remove zero-width joiner characters from indic script value = value:gsub ('&zwj;', ''); -- remove &zwj; entities value = mw.ustring.gsub (value, '[\226\128\141\226\128\139\194\173]', ''); -- remove zero-width joiner, zero-width space, soft hyphen end value = value:gsub ('[\009\010\013 ]+', ' '); -- replace horizontal tab, line feed, carriage return with plain space return value; end --[[--------------------------< C O I N S >-------------------------------------------------------------------- COinS metadata (see <http://ocoins.info/>) allows automated tools to parse the citation information. ]] local function COinS(data, class) if 'table' ~= type(data) or nil == next(data) then return ''; end for k, v in pairs (data) do -- spin through all of the metadata parameter values if 'ID_list' ~= k and 'Authors' ~= k then -- except the ID_list and Author tables (author nowiki stripmarker done when Author table processed) data[k] = coins_cleanup (v); end end local ctx_ver = "Z39.88-2004"; -- treat table strictly as an array with only set values. local OCinSoutput = setmetatable( {}, { __newindex = function(self, key, value) if is_set(value) then rawset( self, #self+1, table.concat{ key, '=', mw.uri.encode( remove_wiki_link( value ) ) } ); end end }); if in_array (class, {'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn', 'journal', 'news', 'magazine'}) or (in_array (class, {'conference', 'interview', 'map', 'press release', 'web'}) and is_set(data.Periodical)) or ('citation' == class and is_set(data.Periodical) and not is_set (data.Encyclopedia)) then OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal"; -- journal metadata identifier if in_array (class, {'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) then -- set genre according to the type of citation template we are rendering OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "preprint"; -- cite arxiv, cite biorxiv, cite citeseerx, cite medrxiv, cite ssrn elseif 'conference' == class then OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "conference"; -- cite conference (when Periodical set) elseif 'web' == class then OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "unknown"; -- cite web (when Periodical set) else OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "article"; -- journal and other 'periodical' articles end OCinSoutput["rft.jtitle"] = data.Periodical; -- journal only OCinSoutput["rft.atitle"] = data.Title; -- 'periodical' article titles -- these used only for periodicals OCinSoutput["rft.ssn"] = data.Season; -- keywords: winter, spring, summer, fall OCinSoutput["rft.quarter"] = data.Quarter; -- single digits 1->first quarter, etc. OCinSoutput["rft.chron"] = data.Chron; -- free-form date components OCinSoutput["rft.volume"] = data.Volume; -- does not apply to books OCinSoutput["rft.issue"] = data.Issue; OCinSoutput['rft.artnum'] = data.ArticleNumber; -- {{cite journal}} only OCinSoutput["rft.pages"] = data.Pages; -- also used in book metadata elseif 'thesis' ~= class then -- all others except cite thesis are treated as 'book' metadata; genre distinguishes OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book"; -- book metadata identifier if 'report' == class or 'techreport' == class then -- cite report and cite techreport OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "report"; elseif 'conference' == class then -- cite conference when Periodical not set OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "conference"; OCinSoutput["rft.atitle"] = data.Chapter; -- conference paper as chapter in proceedings (book) elseif in_array (class, {'book', 'citation', 'encyclopaedia', 'interview', 'map'}) then if is_set (data.Chapter) then OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "bookitem"; OCinSoutput["rft.atitle"] = data.Chapter; -- book chapter, encyclopedia article, interview in a book, or map title else if 'map' == class or 'interview' == class then OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = 'unknown'; -- standalone map or interview else OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = 'book'; -- book and encyclopedia end end else -- {'audio-visual', 'AV-media-notes', 'DVD-notes', 'episode', 'interview', 'mailinglist', 'map', 'newsgroup', 'podcast', 'press release', 'serial', 'sign', 'speech', 'web'} OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "unknown"; end OCinSoutput["rft.btitle"] = data.Title; -- book only OCinSoutput["rft.place"] = data.PublicationPlace; -- book only OCinSoutput["rft.series"] = data.Series; -- book only OCinSoutput["rft.pages"] = data.Pages; -- book, journal OCinSoutput["rft.edition"] = data.Edition; -- book only OCinSoutput["rft.pub"] = data.PublisherName; -- book and dissertation else -- cite thesis OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation"; -- dissertation metadata identifier OCinSoutput["rft.title"] = data.Title; -- dissertation (also patent but that is not yet supported) OCinSoutput["rft.degree"] = data.Degree; -- dissertation only OCinSoutput['rft.inst'] = data.PublisherName; -- book and dissertation end -- NB. Not currently supported are "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent", "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dc", "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:sch_svc", "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx" -- and now common parameters (as much as possible) OCinSoutput["rft.date"] = data.Date; -- book, journal, dissertation for k, v in pairs( data.ID_list ) do -- what to do about these? For now assume that they are common to all? if k == 'ISBN' then v = v:gsub( "[^-0-9X]", "" ); end local id = cfg.id_handlers[k].COinS; if string.sub( id or "", 1, 4 ) == 'info' then -- for ids that are in the info:registry OCinSoutput["rft_id"] = table.concat{ id, "/", v }; elseif string.sub (id or "", 1, 3 ) == 'rft' then -- for isbn, issn, eissn, etc. that have defined COinS keywords OCinSoutput[ id ] = v; elseif 'url' == id then -- for urls that are assembled in ~/Identifiers; |asin= and |ol= OCinSoutput["rft_id"] = table.concat ({data.ID_list[k], "#id-name=", cfg.id_handlers[k].label}); elseif id then -- when cfg.id_handlers[k].COinS is not nil so urls created here OCinSoutput["rft_id"] = table.concat{ cfg.id_handlers[k].prefix, v, cfg.id_handlers[k].suffix or '', "#id-name=", cfg.id_handlers[k].label }; -- others; provide a URL and indicate identifier name as #fragment (human-readable, but transparent to browsers) end end local last, first; for k, v in ipairs( data.Authors ) do last, first = coins_cleanup (v.last), coins_cleanup (v.first or ''); -- replace any nowiki stripmarkers, non-printing or invisible characters if k == 1 then -- for the first author name only if is_set(last) and is_set(first) then -- set these COinS values if |first= and |last= specify the first author name OCinSoutput["rft.aulast"] = last; -- book, journal, dissertation OCinSoutput["rft.aufirst"] = first; -- book, journal, dissertation elseif is_set(last) then OCinSoutput["rft.au"] = last; -- book, journal, dissertation -- otherwise use this form for the first name end else -- for all other authors if is_set(last) and is_set(first) then OCinSoutput["rft.au"] = table.concat{ last, ", ", first }; -- book, journal, dissertation elseif is_set(last) then OCinSoutput["rft.au"] = last; -- book, journal, dissertation end -- TODO: At present we do not report "et al.". Add anything special if this condition applies? end end OCinSoutput.rft_id = data.URL; OCinSoutput.rfr_id = table.concat{ "info:sid/", string.match (mw.site.server, "[^/]*$" ), ":", data.RawPage }; -- TODO: Add optional extra info: -- rfr_dat=#REVISION<version> (referrer private data) -- ctx_id=<data.RawPage>#<ref> (identifier for the context object) -- ctx_tim=<ts> (timestamp in format yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ssTZD or yyyy-mm-dd) -- ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8 (character encoding) OCinSoutput = setmetatable( OCinSoutput, nil ); -- sort with version string always first, and combine. -- table.sort( OCinSoutput ); table.insert( OCinSoutput, 1, "ctx_ver=" .. ctx_ver ); -- such as "Z39.88-2004" return table.concat(OCinSoutput, "&"); end --[[--------------------------< S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S >-------------------------------------- Sets local cfg table and imported functions table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules. ]] local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr, utilities_page_ptr) cfg = cfg_table_ptr; has_accept_as_written = utilities_page_ptr.has_accept_as_written; -- import functions from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities module is_set = utilities_page_ptr.is_set; in_array = utilities_page_ptr.in_array; remove_wiki_link = utilities_page_ptr.remove_wiki_link; strip_apostrophe_markup = utilities_page_ptr.strip_apostrophe_markup; end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------ ]] return { make_coins_title = make_coins_title, get_coins_pages = get_coins_pages, COinS = COinS, set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules, } eu68irewi9gjrldmcpvk6z9cf3rs6jt 366695 366694 2026-08-23T13:30:12Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Module:Citation/CS1/COinS]] 366694 Scribunto text/plain --[[--------------------------< F O R W A R D D E C L A R A T I O N S >-------------------------------------- ]] local has_accept_as_written, is_set, in_array, remove_wiki_link, strip_apostrophe_markup; -- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities local cfg; -- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration --[[--------------------------< M A K E _ C O I N S _ T I T L E >---------------------------------------------- Makes a title for COinS from Title and / or ScriptTitle (or any other name-script pairs) Apostrophe markup (bold, italics) is stripped from each value so that the COinS metadata isn't corrupted with strings of %27%27... ]] local function make_coins_title (title, script) title = has_accept_as_written (title); if is_set (title) then title = strip_apostrophe_markup (title); -- strip any apostrophe markup else title = ''; -- if not set, make sure title is an empty string end if is_set (script) then script = script:gsub ('^%l%l%s*:%s*', ''); -- remove language prefix if present (script value may now be empty string) script = strip_apostrophe_markup (script); -- strip any apostrophe markup else script = ''; -- if not set, make sure script is an empty string end if is_set (title) and is_set (script) then script = ' ' .. script; -- add a space before we concatenate end return title .. script; -- return the concatenation end --[[--------------------------< E S C A P E _ L U A _ M A G I C _ C H A R S >---------------------------------- Returns a string where all of Lua's magic characters have been escaped. This is important because functions like string.gsub() treat their pattern and replace strings as patterns, not literal strings. ]] local function escape_lua_magic_chars (argument) argument = argument:gsub("%%", "%%%%"); -- replace % with %% argument = argument:gsub("([%^%$%(%)%.%[%]%*%+%-%?])", "%%%1"); -- replace all other Lua magic pattern characters return argument; end --[[--------------------------< G E T _ C O I N S _ P A G E S >------------------------------------------------ Extract page numbers from external wikilinks in any of the |page=, |pages=, or |at= parameters for use in COinS. ]] local function get_coins_pages (pages) local pattern; if not is_set (pages) then return pages; end -- if no page numbers then we're done while true do pattern = pages:match("%[(%w*:?//[^ ]+%s+)[%w%d].*%]"); -- pattern is the opening bracket, the URL and following space(s): "[url " if nil == pattern then break; end -- no more URLs pattern = escape_lua_magic_chars (pattern); -- pattern is not a literal string; escape Lua's magic pattern characters pages = pages:gsub(pattern, ""); -- remove as many instances of pattern as possible end pages = pages:gsub("[%[%]]", ""); -- remove the brackets pages = pages:gsub("–", "-" ); -- replace endashes with hyphens pages = pages:gsub("&%w+;", "-" ); -- and replace HTML entities (&ndash; etc.) with hyphens; do we need to replace numerical entities like &#32; and the like? pages = pages:gsub ('%b<>', ''); -- remove html-like tags; spans are added to <Pages> by utilities.hyphen_to_dash() which should not appear in COinS metadata return pages; end --[=[-------------------------< C O I N S _ R E P L A C E _ M A T H _ S T R I P M A R K E R >------------------ There are three options for math markup rendering that depend on the editor's math preference settings. These settings are at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering]] and are PNG images TeX source MathML with SVG or PNG fallback All three are heavy with HTML and CSS which doesn't belong in the metadata. Without this function, the metadata saved in the raw wikitext contained the rendering determined by the settings of the last editor to save the page. This function gets the rendered form of an equation according to the editor's preference before the page is saved. It then searches the rendering for the text equivalent of the rendered equation and replaces the rendering with that so that the page is saved without extraneous HTML/CSS markup and with a reasonably readable text form of the equation. When a replacement is made, this function returns true and the value with replacement; otherwise false and the initial value. To replace multipe equations it is necessary to call this function from within a loop. ]=] local function coins_replace_math_stripmarker (value) local stripmarker = cfg.stripmarkers['math']; local rendering = value:match (stripmarker); -- is there a math stripmarker if not rendering then -- when value doesn't have a math stripmarker, abandon this test return false, value; end rendering = mw.text.unstripNoWiki (rendering); -- convert stripmarker into rendered value (or nil? ''? when math render error) if rendering:match ('alt="[^"]+"') then -- if PNG math option rendering = rendering:match ('alt="([^"]+)"'); -- extract just the math text elseif rendering:match ('$%s+.+%s+%$') then -- if TeX math option; $ is legit character that is escapes as \$ rendering = rendering:match ('$%s+(.+)%s+%$') -- extract just the math text elseif rendering:match ('<annotation[^>]+>.+</annotation>') then -- if MathML math option rendering = rendering:match ('<annotation[^>]+>(.+)</annotation>') -- extract just the math text else return false, value; -- had math stripmarker but not one of the three defined forms end return true, value:gsub (stripmarker, rendering, 1); end --[[--------------------------< C O I N S _ C L E A N U P >---------------------------------------------------- Cleanup parameter values for the metadata by removing or replacing invisible characters and certain HTML entities. 2015-12-10: there is a bug in mw.text.unstripNoWiki (). It replaces math stripmarkers with the appropriate content when it shouldn't. See https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T121085 and Wikipedia_talk:Lua#stripmarkers_and_mw.text.unstripNoWiki.28.29 TODO: move the replacement patterns and replacement values into a table in /Configuration similar to the invisible characters table? ]] local function coins_cleanup (value) local replaced = true; -- default state to get the do loop running while replaced do -- loop until all math stripmarkers replaced replaced, value = coins_replace_math_stripmarker (value); -- replace math stripmarker with text representation of the equation end value = value:gsub (cfg.stripmarkers['math'], "MATH RENDER ERROR"); -- one or more couldn't be replaced; insert vague error message value = mw.text.unstripNoWiki (value); -- replace nowiki stripmarkers with their content value = value:gsub ('<span class="nowrap" style="padding%-left:0%.1em;">&#39;(s?)</span>', "'%1"); -- replace {{'}} or {{'s}} with simple apostrophe or apostrophe-s value = value:gsub ('&nbsp;', ' '); -- replace &nbsp; entity with plain space value = value:gsub ('\226\128\138', ' '); -- replace hair space with plain space if not mw.ustring.find (value, cfg.indic_script) then -- don't remove zero-width joiner characters from indic script value = value:gsub ('&zwj;', ''); -- remove &zwj; entities value = mw.ustring.gsub (value, '[\226\128\141\226\128\139\194\173]', ''); -- remove zero-width joiner, zero-width space, soft hyphen end value = value:gsub ('[\009\010\013 ]+', ' '); -- replace horizontal tab, line feed, carriage return with plain space return value; end --[[--------------------------< C O I N S >-------------------------------------------------------------------- COinS metadata (see <http://ocoins.info/>) allows automated tools to parse the citation information. ]] local function COinS(data, class) if 'table' ~= type(data) or nil == next(data) then return ''; end for k, v in pairs (data) do -- spin through all of the metadata parameter values if 'ID_list' ~= k and 'Authors' ~= k then -- except the ID_list and Author tables (author nowiki stripmarker done when Author table processed) data[k] = coins_cleanup (v); end end local ctx_ver = "Z39.88-2004"; -- treat table strictly as an array with only set values. local OCinSoutput = setmetatable( {}, { __newindex = function(self, key, value) if is_set(value) then rawset( self, #self+1, table.concat{ key, '=', mw.uri.encode( remove_wiki_link( value ) ) } ); end end }); if in_array (class, {'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn', 'journal', 'news', 'magazine'}) or (in_array (class, {'conference', 'interview', 'map', 'press release', 'web'}) and is_set(data.Periodical)) or ('citation' == class and is_set(data.Periodical) and not is_set (data.Encyclopedia)) then OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal"; -- journal metadata identifier if in_array (class, {'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) then -- set genre according to the type of citation template we are rendering OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "preprint"; -- cite arxiv, cite biorxiv, cite citeseerx, cite medrxiv, cite ssrn elseif 'conference' == class then OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "conference"; -- cite conference (when Periodical set) elseif 'web' == class then OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "unknown"; -- cite web (when Periodical set) else OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "article"; -- journal and other 'periodical' articles end OCinSoutput["rft.jtitle"] = data.Periodical; -- journal only OCinSoutput["rft.atitle"] = data.Title; -- 'periodical' article titles -- these used only for periodicals OCinSoutput["rft.ssn"] = data.Season; -- keywords: winter, spring, summer, fall OCinSoutput["rft.quarter"] = data.Quarter; -- single digits 1->first quarter, etc. OCinSoutput["rft.chron"] = data.Chron; -- free-form date components OCinSoutput["rft.volume"] = data.Volume; -- does not apply to books OCinSoutput["rft.issue"] = data.Issue; OCinSoutput['rft.artnum'] = data.ArticleNumber; -- {{cite journal}} only OCinSoutput["rft.pages"] = data.Pages; -- also used in book metadata elseif 'thesis' ~= class then -- all others except cite thesis are treated as 'book' metadata; genre distinguishes OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book"; -- book metadata identifier if 'report' == class or 'techreport' == class then -- cite report and cite techreport OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "report"; elseif 'conference' == class then -- cite conference when Periodical not set OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "conference"; OCinSoutput["rft.atitle"] = data.Chapter; -- conference paper as chapter in proceedings (book) elseif in_array (class, {'book', 'citation', 'encyclopaedia', 'interview', 'map'}) then if is_set (data.Chapter) then OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "bookitem"; OCinSoutput["rft.atitle"] = data.Chapter; -- book chapter, encyclopedia article, interview in a book, or map title else if 'map' == class or 'interview' == class then OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = 'unknown'; -- standalone map or interview else OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = 'book'; -- book and encyclopedia end end else -- {'audio-visual', 'AV-media-notes', 'DVD-notes', 'episode', 'interview', 'mailinglist', 'map', 'newsgroup', 'podcast', 'press release', 'serial', 'sign', 'speech', 'web'} OCinSoutput["rft.genre"] = "unknown"; end OCinSoutput["rft.btitle"] = data.Title; -- book only OCinSoutput["rft.place"] = data.PublicationPlace; -- book only OCinSoutput["rft.series"] = data.Series; -- book only OCinSoutput["rft.pages"] = data.Pages; -- book, journal OCinSoutput["rft.edition"] = data.Edition; -- book only OCinSoutput["rft.pub"] = data.PublisherName; -- book and dissertation else -- cite thesis OCinSoutput.rft_val_fmt = "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation"; -- dissertation metadata identifier OCinSoutput["rft.title"] = data.Title; -- dissertation (also patent but that is not yet supported) OCinSoutput["rft.degree"] = data.Degree; -- dissertation only OCinSoutput['rft.inst'] = data.PublisherName; -- book and dissertation end -- NB. Not currently supported are "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent", "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dc", "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:sch_svc", "info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx" -- and now common parameters (as much as possible) OCinSoutput["rft.date"] = data.Date; -- book, journal, dissertation for k, v in pairs( data.ID_list ) do -- what to do about these? For now assume that they are common to all? if k == 'ISBN' then v = v:gsub( "[^-0-9X]", "" ); end local id = cfg.id_handlers[k].COinS; if string.sub( id or "", 1, 4 ) == 'info' then -- for ids that are in the info:registry OCinSoutput["rft_id"] = table.concat{ id, "/", v }; elseif string.sub (id or "", 1, 3 ) == 'rft' then -- for isbn, issn, eissn, etc. that have defined COinS keywords OCinSoutput[ id ] = v; elseif 'url' == id then -- for urls that are assembled in ~/Identifiers; |asin= and |ol= OCinSoutput["rft_id"] = table.concat ({data.ID_list[k], "#id-name=", cfg.id_handlers[k].label}); elseif id then -- when cfg.id_handlers[k].COinS is not nil so urls created here OCinSoutput["rft_id"] = table.concat{ cfg.id_handlers[k].prefix, v, cfg.id_handlers[k].suffix or '', "#id-name=", cfg.id_handlers[k].label }; -- others; provide a URL and indicate identifier name as #fragment (human-readable, but transparent to browsers) end end local last, first; for k, v in ipairs( data.Authors ) do last, first = coins_cleanup (v.last), coins_cleanup (v.first or ''); -- replace any nowiki stripmarkers, non-printing or invisible characters if k == 1 then -- for the first author name only if is_set(last) and is_set(first) then -- set these COinS values if |first= and |last= specify the first author name OCinSoutput["rft.aulast"] = last; -- book, journal, dissertation OCinSoutput["rft.aufirst"] = first; -- book, journal, dissertation elseif is_set(last) then OCinSoutput["rft.au"] = last; -- book, journal, dissertation -- otherwise use this form for the first name end else -- for all other authors if is_set(last) and is_set(first) then OCinSoutput["rft.au"] = table.concat{ last, ", ", first }; -- book, journal, dissertation elseif is_set(last) then OCinSoutput["rft.au"] = last; -- book, journal, dissertation end -- TODO: At present we do not report "et al.". Add anything special if this condition applies? end end OCinSoutput.rft_id = data.URL; OCinSoutput.rfr_id = table.concat{ "info:sid/", string.match (mw.site.server, "[^/]*$" ), ":", data.RawPage }; -- TODO: Add optional extra info: -- rfr_dat=#REVISION<version> (referrer private data) -- ctx_id=<data.RawPage>#<ref> (identifier for the context object) -- ctx_tim=<ts> (timestamp in format yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ssTZD or yyyy-mm-dd) -- ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8 (character encoding) OCinSoutput = setmetatable( OCinSoutput, nil ); -- sort with version string always first, and combine. -- table.sort( OCinSoutput ); table.insert( OCinSoutput, 1, "ctx_ver=" .. ctx_ver ); -- such as "Z39.88-2004" return table.concat(OCinSoutput, "&"); end --[[--------------------------< S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S >-------------------------------------- Sets local cfg table and imported functions table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules. ]] local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr, utilities_page_ptr) cfg = cfg_table_ptr; has_accept_as_written = utilities_page_ptr.has_accept_as_written; -- import functions from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities module is_set = utilities_page_ptr.is_set; in_array = utilities_page_ptr.in_array; remove_wiki_link = utilities_page_ptr.remove_wiki_link; strip_apostrophe_markup = utilities_page_ptr.strip_apostrophe_markup; end --[[--------------------------< E X P O R T E D F U N C T I O N S >------------------------------------------ ]] return { make_coins_title = make_coins_title, get_coins_pages = get_coins_pages, COinS = COinS, set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules, } eu68irewi9gjrldmcpvk6z9cf3rs6jt 10 7370 366696 175211 2026-08-20T02:40:59Z en>Wbm1058 0 notify protected page of requested move 366696 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Requested move notice|1=Template:Horizontal list|2=Template talk:Hlist#Requested move 3 August 2026}} </noinclude>{{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:list|horizontal}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 4bbaviz1ygasi1jjgur897t97i2qbpi 366697 366696 2026-08-23T13:30:13Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:Hlist]] 366696 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Requested move notice|1=Template:Horizontal list|2=Template talk:Hlist#Requested move 3 August 2026}} </noinclude>{{<includeonly>safesubst:</includeonly>#invoke:list|horizontal}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Categories go on the /doc subpage, and interwikis go on Wikidata. --> </noinclude> 4bbaviz1ygasi1jjgur897t97i2qbpi 10 7398 366775 354855 2026-07-07T02:42:42Z en>Andrybak 0 fix extraneous curly braces 366775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Organization infoboxes | state = {{{state<includeonly>|expanded</includeonly>}}} | bodyclass = hlist | title = [[Wikipedia:Template index|Wikipedia templates]]: [[organization]] [[Template:Infobox|infoboxes]] | above = [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes]] | group1 = General | list1 = * {{Tl|Infobox organization}} * {{Tl|Infobox official post}} * {{tl|Infobox criminal organization}} * {{tl|Infobox fictional organisation}} | group2 = {{longitem|Government<br/>and politics}} | list2 = * {{Tl|Infobox government}} * {{Tl|Infobox government agency}} * {{Tl|Infobox legislature}} * {{Tl|Infobox political party}} * {{Tl|Infobox court}} * {{Tl|Infobox prison}} * {{tl|Infobox fire department}} * {{Tl|Infobox law enforcement agency}} * {{Tl|Infobox space agency}} | group3 = Military | list3 = * {{Tl|Infobox national military}} * {{Tl|Infobox military unit}} * {{tl|Infobox military rank}} * {{Tl|Infobox military gear}} * {{Tl|Infobox militant organization}} | group4 = Religion | list4 = * {{Tl|Infobox religious group}} * {{Tl|Infobox religion}} * {{Tl|Infobox diocese}} * {{Tl|Infobox church}} * {{Tl|Infobox monastery}} | group5 = People | list5 = * {{Tl|Infobox ethnic group}} * {{Tl|Infobox archaeological culture}} * {{Tl|Infobox tribe}} * {{Tl|Infobox caste}} * {{Tl|Infobox clan}} * {{Tl|Infobox family}} * {{Tl|Infobox iwi}} * {{Tl|Infobox hereditary title}} * {{Tl|Infobox monarchy}} * {{Tl|Infobox officeholder}} | group6 = {{longitem|Typically<br/>non-profit}} | list6 = * {{tl|Infobox hospital}} * {{Tl|Infobox institute}} * {{Tl|Infobox laboratory}}{{sup|1}} * {{tl|Infobox museum}} * {{Tl|Infobox observatory}} * {{Tl|Infobox school}} * {{tl|Infobox school district}} * {{Tl|Infobox university}}{{sup|2}} | group7 = Publications | list7 = * {{Tl|Infobox journal}} * {{Tl|Infobox magazine}} * {{Tl|Infobox newspaper}} * {{Tl|Infobox publisher}} | group8 = Business | list8 = * {{Tl|Infobox company}} * {{tl|Infobox brewery}} * {{Tl|Infobox law firm}} * {{tl|Infobox restaurant}} * {{tl|Infobox website}} – ''type of business or publication'' | group9 = Distinctions | list9 = * {{Tl|Infobox order}} * {{Tl|Infobox fraternity}} * {{Tl|Infobox Grand Lodge}} | group10 = Subtemplates | list10 = * '''Coordinates'''&nbsp;{{Tl|coord}} * '''Dates''' ** {{Tl|start date}} – for {{para|established}}, {{para|founded}}, {{para|opened}} etc. ** {{Tl|end date}} – for {{para|dissolved}}, {{para|defunct}} * '''Lists''' **{{tl|plainlist}} ** {{tl|flatlist}} ** {{tl|unbulleted list}} * '''Non-English text'''&nbsp;{{Tl|lang}} * '''Website''' ** {{tl|URL}} ** {{tl|Official URL}} ** {{tl|Official website}} * '''Documentation''' ** &nbsp;{{Tl|mf-adr}} – Address ** &nbsp;{{Tl|UF-hcard-org}} – [[Microformat]]/metadata | below = * {{sup|1}} or research institution * {{sup|2}} or college * [[:Category:Infobox templates|Category]] * [[Help:Infobox|Help]] * [[Wikipedia:List of infoboxes|List of infoboxes]] }}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> ljjkso7r3bf27qyvjfflpzdcgot2kco 366776 366775 2026-08-23T16:34:44Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:Organization_infoboxes]] 366775 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Organization infoboxes | state = {{{state<includeonly>|expanded</includeonly>}}} | bodyclass = hlist | title = [[Wikipedia:Template index|Wikipedia templates]]: [[organization]] [[Template:Infobox|infoboxes]] | above = [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes]] | group1 = General | list1 = * {{Tl|Infobox organization}} * {{Tl|Infobox official post}} * {{tl|Infobox criminal organization}} * {{tl|Infobox fictional organisation}} | group2 = {{longitem|Government<br/>and politics}} | list2 = * {{Tl|Infobox government}} * {{Tl|Infobox government agency}} * {{Tl|Infobox legislature}} * {{Tl|Infobox political party}} * {{Tl|Infobox court}} * {{Tl|Infobox prison}} * {{tl|Infobox fire department}} * {{Tl|Infobox law enforcement agency}} * {{Tl|Infobox space agency}} | group3 = Military | list3 = * {{Tl|Infobox national military}} * {{Tl|Infobox military unit}} * {{tl|Infobox military rank}} * {{Tl|Infobox military gear}} * {{Tl|Infobox militant organization}} | group4 = Religion | list4 = * {{Tl|Infobox religious group}} * {{Tl|Infobox religion}} * {{Tl|Infobox diocese}} * {{Tl|Infobox church}} * {{Tl|Infobox monastery}} | group5 = People | list5 = * {{Tl|Infobox ethnic group}} * {{Tl|Infobox archaeological culture}} * {{Tl|Infobox tribe}} * {{Tl|Infobox caste}} * {{Tl|Infobox clan}} * {{Tl|Infobox family}} * {{Tl|Infobox iwi}} * {{Tl|Infobox hereditary title}} * {{Tl|Infobox monarchy}} * {{Tl|Infobox officeholder}} | group6 = {{longitem|Typically<br/>non-profit}} | list6 = * {{tl|Infobox hospital}} * {{Tl|Infobox institute}} * {{Tl|Infobox laboratory}}{{sup|1}} * {{tl|Infobox museum}} * {{Tl|Infobox observatory}} * {{Tl|Infobox school}} * {{tl|Infobox school district}} * {{Tl|Infobox university}}{{sup|2}} | group7 = Publications | list7 = * {{Tl|Infobox journal}} * {{Tl|Infobox magazine}} * {{Tl|Infobox newspaper}} * {{Tl|Infobox publisher}} | group8 = Business | list8 = * {{Tl|Infobox company}} * {{tl|Infobox brewery}} * {{Tl|Infobox law firm}} * {{tl|Infobox restaurant}} * {{tl|Infobox website}} – ''type of business or publication'' | group9 = Distinctions | list9 = * {{Tl|Infobox order}} * {{Tl|Infobox fraternity}} * {{Tl|Infobox Grand Lodge}} | group10 = Subtemplates | list10 = * '''Coordinates'''&nbsp;{{Tl|coord}} * '''Dates''' ** {{Tl|start date}} – for {{para|established}}, {{para|founded}}, {{para|opened}} etc. ** {{Tl|end date}} – for {{para|dissolved}}, {{para|defunct}} * '''Lists''' **{{tl|plainlist}} ** {{tl|flatlist}} ** {{tl|unbulleted list}} * '''Non-English text'''&nbsp;{{Tl|lang}} * '''Website''' ** {{tl|URL}} ** {{tl|Official URL}} ** {{tl|Official website}} * '''Documentation''' ** &nbsp;{{Tl|mf-adr}} – Address ** &nbsp;{{Tl|UF-hcard-org}} – [[Microformat]]/metadata | below = * {{sup|1}} or research institution * {{sup|2}} or college * [[:Category:Infobox templates|Category]] * [[Help:Infobox|Help]] * [[Wikipedia:List of infoboxes|List of infoboxes]] }}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> ljjkso7r3bf27qyvjfflpzdcgot2kco 3 9575 366735 366434 2026-08-23T15:01:27Z ChiK 1136 /* ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‌ದ ಬಗೆಟ್ */ ಪ್ರತಿಕ್ರಿಯೆ 366735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=ChidanandaKampa}} == [[ಚಂದ್ರೆ]] == Hello, Is [https://tcy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86&type=revision&diff=143298&oldid=143297 this] correct? Thanks, [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kwamikagami|Kwamikagami]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kwamikagami|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೯:೫೭, ೩೧ ಜನವರಿ ೨೦೨೨ (IST) == WikiConference India 2023: Program submissions and Scholarships form are now open == Dear Wikimedian, We are really glad to inform you that '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023|WikiConference India 2023]]''' has been successfully funded and it will take place from 3 to 5 March 2023. The theme of the conference will be '''Strengthening the Bonds'''. We also have exciting updates about the Program and Scholarships. The applications for scholarships and program submissions are already open! You can find the form for scholarship '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023/Scholarships|here]]''' and for program you can go '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023/Program Submissions|here]]'''. For more information and regular updates please visit the Conference [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|Meta page]]. If you have something in mind you can write on [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|talk page]]. ‘‘‘Note’’’: Scholarship form and the Program submissions will be open from '''11 November 2022, 00:00 IST''' and the last date to submit is '''27 November 2022, 23:59 IST'''. Regards [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೬:೫೫, ೧೬ ನವಂಬರ್ ೨೦೨೨ (IST) (on behalf of the WCI Organizing Committee) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_scholarships_and_program&oldid=24082246 --> == WikiConference India 2023: Open Community Call and Extension of program and scholarship submissions deadline == Dear Wikimedian, Thank you for supporting Wiki Conference India 2023. We are humbled by the number of applications we have received and hope to learn more about the work that you all have been doing to take the movement forward. In order to offer flexibility, we have recently extended our deadline for the Program and Scholarships submission- you can find all the details on our [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|Meta Page]]. COT is working hard to ensure we bring together a conference that is truly meaningful and impactful for our movement and one that brings us all together. With an intent to be inclusive and transparent in our process, we are committed to organizing community sessions at regular intervals for sharing updates and to offer an opportunity to the community for engagement and review. Following the same, we are hosting the first Open Community Call on the 3rd of December, 2022. We wish to use this space to discuss the progress and answer any questions, concerns or clarifications, about the conference and the Program/Scholarships. Please add the following to your respective calendars and we look forward to seeing you on the call * '''WCI 2023 Open Community Call''' * '''Date''': 3rd December 2022 * '''Time''': 1800-1900 (IST) * '''Google Link'''': https://meet.google.com/cwa-bgwi-ryx Furthermore, we are pleased to share the email id of the conference contact@wikiconferenceindia.org which is where you could share any thoughts, inputs, suggestions, or questions and someone from the COT will reach out to you. Alternatively, leave us a message on the Conference [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|talk page]]. Regards [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೧:೫೧, ೨ ದಸಂಬರ್ ೨೦೨೨ (IST) On Behalf of, WCI 2023 Core organizing team. <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_scholarships_and_program&oldid=24083503 --> == Archiver bot == Hello. I was reviewing [[Special:Contribs/MABot|MABot]] logs and saw that [[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಚಾವಡಿ]] is now being archived at [[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಚಾವಡಿ ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊ]]. Is this intended? I'm asking as I'd rather avoid archiving in the wrong place. If this is now where you'd like to archive threads for that project, I can continue. Thanks in advance for your answer. Sincerely, [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MarcoAurelio|MarcoAurelio]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MarcoAurelio|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೩:೨೫, ೮ ಪೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೨೦೨೩ (IST) :Thank you for your response this [[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಚಾವಡಿ ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊ]] is right place. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೩೮, ೯ ಪೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೨೦೨೩ (IST) ::Thank you. I'll re-configure the bot. Sincerely, [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MarcoAurelio|MarcoAurelio]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MarcoAurelio|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೦೫:೦೬, ೧೦ ಪೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೨೦೨೩ (IST) == Mahatma Gandhi 2023 edit-a-thon Barnstar Award == ''Sorry for writing this message in English - feel free to help us translating it'' {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" | rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" |[[ಫೈಲ್:Special_Gold_Barnstar.png|100x100px]] | style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''Congratulations!!!''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |Thank you for contributing to the [[:meta:Karavali Wikimedians/Events/Mahatma Gandhi 2023 edit-a-thon|Mahatma Gandhi 2023 edit-a-thon]]. We are appreciative of your tireless efforts to create articles about Mahatma Gandhi as well as other Independence movements on your local Wikipedia. We are deeply inspired by your persistent efforts, dedication to improve articles. We are lucky to have amazing Wikimedian like you in our movement. Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia. Hopefully, Wikipedia will continue to enrich your active constructive editing in the future. Thanks for your contribution <br/> '''Tamanpreet Kaur''' <br/> ''Punjabi Wikimedian''. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Tamanpreet Kaur|Tamanpreet Kaur]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Tamanpreet Kaur|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೪:೩೧, ೧೯ ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ ೨೦೨೩ (IST) |} == Organising Feminism and Folklore == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg | 350px | right]] Hello Community Organizers, Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore writing competition on your wiki. We congratulate you in joining and celebrating our cultural heritage and promoting gender equality on Wikipedia. To encourage boost for the contributions of the participants, we're offering prizes for Feminism and Folklore local prizes. Each Wikipedia will have three local winners: *First Prize: $15 USD *Second Prize: $10 USD *Best Jury Article: $5 USD All this will be in '''gift voucher format only'''. Kindly inform your local community regarding these prizes and post them on the local project page The Best Jury Article will be chosen by the jury based on how unique the article is aligned with the theme. The jury will review all submissions and decide the winner together, making sure it's fair. These articles will also be featured on our social media handles. We're also providing internet and childcare support to the first 50 organizers and Jury members for who request for it. Remember, only 50 organizers will get this support, and it's given on a first-come, first-served basis. The registration form will close after 50 registrations, and the deadline is March 15, 2024. This support is optional and not compulsory, so if you're interested, fill out the form [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdnytyact-HR6DvsWwnrVeWuzMfuNH1dSjpF24m6od-f3LzZQ/viewform here]. Each organizer/jury who gets support will receive $30 USD in gift voucher format, even if they're involved in more than one wiki. No dual support will be provided if you have signed up in more than one language. This support is meant to appreciate your volunteer support for the contest. We also invite all organizers and jury members to join us for office hours on '''Saturday, March 2, 2024'''. This session will help you understand the jury process for both contests and give you a chance to ask questions. More details are on [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2024_Office_Hour_2 meta page]. Let's celebrate our different cultures and work towards gender equality on Wikipedia! Best regards, Rockpeterson [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೧:೨೬, ೨೯ ಪೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೨೦೨೪ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/fnf2024golbal&oldid=26304232 --> == Translation request == Hello, ChiK. Can you translate and upload the articles [[:en:Azerbaijani manat]], [[:en:Azerbaijani manat sign]] and [[:en:Campi Flegrei]] in Tulu Wikipedia? Yours sincerely, [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Oirattas|Oirattas]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Oirattas|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೧:೫೬, ೧೫ ಸಪ್ಟಂಬರ್ ೨೦೨೪ (IST) :Thank you very much for the [[ಅಜೆರ್ಬೈಜಾನಿ ಮನಾತ್ ಗುರ್ತ]] article. Can you also translate and upload the articles [[:en:Azerbaijani manat]] and [[:en:Campi Flegrei]] in Tulu Wikipedia (and also all these three articles in Kannada Wikipedia)? [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Oirattas|Oirattas]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Oirattas|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೧:೧೧, ೧೨ ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ ೨೦೨೪ (IST) == Organising Tuluvas Aati Month == [[File:Tuluvas Aati Month banner logo.svg| 150px | right]] Hello Organizers, We want to extend our heartfelt gratitude to you for making the '''[[m:Tuluvas Aati Month|Tuluvas Aati Month]]''' event a success. Your time, dedication, and expertise brought this cultural celebration to life, creating meaningful experiences for everyone involved. To help us improve future events and celebrate the efforts of everyone. Each organizer/jury who gets support will receive in gift card format. please fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd3RWB1kvSyR77kYaZtI-S1T9da48Cd7j6giMb6naSDXcYl9Q/viewform this form]. Best regards,<br> '''Tuluvas Aati Month Team'''. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೮:೫೬, ೧ ನವಂಬರ್ ೨೦೨೪ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:ChiK@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuluvas_Aati_Month/JuryList&oldid=27685549 --> == Invitation to Participate in the Wikimedia SAARC Conference Community Engagement Survey == Dear Community Members, I hope this message finds you well. Please excuse the use of English; we encourage translations into your local languages to ensure inclusivity. We are conducting a Community Engagement Survey to assess the sentiments, needs, and interests of South Asian Wikimedia communities in organizing the inaugural Wikimedia SAARC Regional Conference, proposed to be held in Kathmandu, Nepal. This initiative aims to bring together participants from eight nations to collaborate towards shared goals. Your insights will play a vital role in shaping the event's focus, identifying priorities, and guiding the strategic planning for this landmark conference. Survey Link: https://forms.gle/en8qSuCvaSxQVD7K6 We kindly request you to dedicate a few moments to complete the survey. Your feedback will significantly contribute to ensuring this conference addresses the community's needs and aspirations. Deadline to Submit the Survey: 20 January 2025 Your participation is crucial in shaping the future of the Wikimedia SAARC community and fostering regional collaboration. Thank you for your time and valuable input. Warm regards,<br> [[:m:User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=28078122 --> == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' ೧೧:೫೪, ೨೬ ಜನವರಿ ೨೦೨೫ (IST) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2025: Important Updates for Organizers & Jury == Hello Community Organizers and Jury, Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore writing competition on your wiki. Feminism and Folklore is the largest Wikipedia contest organized by community members. We congratulate you in joining and celebrating our cultural heritage and promoting gender equality on Wikipedia. To encourage boost for the contributions of the participants, we're offering prizes for Feminism and Folklore local prizes. Each Wikipedia will have three local winners: # First Prize: $25 USD # Second Prize: $20 USD # Best Jury Article: $15 USD All this will be in '''gift voucher format only'''. Prizes will only be given to users who have more than 5 accepted articles. No prizes will be given for users winning below 5 accepted articles. Kindly inform your local community regarding these prizes and post them on the local project page The Best Jury Article will be chosen by the jury based on how unique the article is aligned with the theme. The jury will review all submissions and decide the winner together, making sure it's fair. These articles will also be featured on our social media handles. We're also providing internet and childcare support to the first 75 organizers and Jury members for those who request for it. Remember, only 75 organizers will get this support, and it's given on a first-come, first-served basis. The registration form will close after 75 registrations, and the deadline is <nowiki>'''</nowiki>March 5, 2025<nowiki>'''</nowiki>. This support is optional and not compulsory, so if you're interested, fill out the [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeum8md6FqHY1ISWRLW5bqOAv_lcd1tpVtMMZfWKRDU_IffLQ/viewform?usp=dialog Form] Each organizer/jury who gets support will receive $40 USD in gift voucher format, even if they're involved in more than one wiki. No dual support will be provided if you have signed up in more than one language. This support is meant to appreciate your volunteer support for the contest. We also invite all organizers and jury members to join us for Advocacy session on '''Saturday, Feb 28, 2025'''. This session will help you understand the jury process for both contests and give you a chance to ask questions. More details are on [[meta:Event:Telling untold stories: How to document gendered narratives in Folklore on Wikipedia|Event:Telling untold stories: How to document gendered narratives in Folklore on Wikipedia - Meta]] Let's celebrate our different cultures and work towards gender equality on Wikipedia! Best regards, Stella and Tiven Wiki loves folklore international team [[User:SAgbley|SAgbley]] ([[User talk:SAgbley|talk]]) 04:39, 25 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/Community_Prizes&oldid=28309519 --> == Final reminder that the deadline for submitting your Feminism and Folklore 2025 results == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> Hello {{PAGENAME}} [[File:Feminism and Folklore logo.svg | right | frameless]] I hope this message finds you well. This is a final reminder that the deadline for submitting your Feminism and Folklore 2025 results on Meta has elapsed. For participant prizes to be processed, your community must submit the necessary information as soon as possible. Please use the following link to submit your results: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Results Submit your results] We have extended the {{font color||yellow|'''submission deadline to 12 June 2025'''.}} Kindly note that failure to submit by this date will result in your group’s participants not receiving any prizes from us. Thank you for your attention to this important matter and for your continued contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Warm regards,<br> Stella<br> On behalf of Feminism and Folklore Team<br> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 12:39, 08 June 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:FnF_2025_reminder_list&oldid=28842648 --> == Notice of expiration of your interface-admin right == <div dir="ltr">Hi, as part of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], this is an automated reminder to let you know that your permission "interface-admin" (ಅಂತರಮುಕ ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕೆರ್) will expire on 2025-11-29 15:03:18. Please renew this right if you would like to continue using it. <i>In other languages: [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot/Messages/default|click here]]</i> [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Leaderbot|Leaderbot]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Leaderbot|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೦೧:೧೩, ೨೩ ನವಂಬರ್ ೨೦೨೫ (IST)</div> == Invitation: Karavali Wikimedians Stall & Community Meetup at Mangaluru Lit Fest 2026 == <div style="margin: 1em auto; padding: 15px; border: 2px solid #4b0082; border-radius: 15px; background-color: #fdfaf5; box-shadow: 5px 5px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); max-width: 100%;"> <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 20px;"> <span style="font-size: 160%; font-weight: bold; color: #cc5500; text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px #ddd;">✨ Karavali Wikimedians @ Mangaluru Lit Fest 2026 ✨</span><br> <span style="font-size: 120%; color: #4b0082; font-weight: bold;">Celebrating 10th Years of Tulu Wikipedia & 25th Years of Wikipedia</span></div> Dear Wikimedians, Warm greetings from '''Karavali Wikimedians User Group'''! 🌟 We are thrilled to invite you to the '''[[:m:Karavali Wikimedians Stall & Community Meetup at Mangaluru Lit Fest 2026|8th Edition of the Mangaluru Literature Festival (#MlrLitFest)]]'''. This year is a historic milestone as we kick-start the '''[[:m:Tulu Wikipedia 10th Anniversary|10th Anniversary of Tulu Wikipedia]]'''! <div style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; width: 100%; background: transparent;"> <div style="flex: 1; min-width: 250px; padding: 10px; border: 1px dashed #cc5500; border-radius: 10px; background: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box;"> <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #cc5500;">📅 '''When:'''</span><br> '''10th & 11th January 2026''' <br><br> <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #cc5500;">📍 '''Where:'''</span><br> '''Dr. TMA Pai International Convention Centre, Mangaluru''' </div> <div style="flex: 1; min-width: 250px; padding: 10px; border: 1px dashed #2e8b57; border-radius: 10px; background: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box;"> <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #2e8b57;">🚀 '''The Wiki Stall:'''</span><br> Visit our stall to see our work in language documentation and cultural preservation. We need your energy to help manage and showcase our projects! </div></div> <div style="margin-top: 20px; padding: 15px; background-color: #f3eafb; border-left: 10px solid #4b0082; border-radius: 5px;"> <span style="font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold; color: #202122;">📌 Special Community Meetup</span><br> '''Date:''' 11th January 2026 (Day 2)<br> '''Time:''' 11:00 AM (Followed by Lunch 🍛)<br> '''Agenda:''' '''''Future roadmaps, upcoming projects, Community health and capacity building.''''' </div> <br> * We warmly invite all community members to attend both days of the festival, and we strongly encourage you not to miss the second day’s meetup, which will be an important space for collective reflection and future planning. We look forward to your presence, participation, and support in making this celebration and gathering meaningful and successful. '''Warm regards,'''<br/> <span style="color: #4b0082; font-weight: bold;">President and Secretary</span><br/>Karavali Wikimedians User Group, Mangaluru</div> <!-- Message sent by User:ChiK@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karavali_Wikimedians/Events/delivery_list/MlrLitFest&oldid=29873017 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wikimedian, We thank you for taking an initiative to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;Checklist for Organizers Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us in upcoming office hours We look forward to your presence in the upcoming office hours where the community and the international Team can interact with each other and know more about the contest. resister yourself for the [[:m:Event:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 Office Hours|office hours event]]. Thank you and all the best, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೯:೦೦, ೧೮ ಜನವರಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&oldid=29948401 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 – Community Organisers & Jury == Hello {{PAGENAME}}!, Thank you for taking the lead in organising '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' in your community. We truly appreciate your efforts! To ensure a smooth and successful campaign, please make sure you have: * Fully completed all details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2026 Project Page]]: * Started promoting the campaign within your community. * Requested a local administrator to place a '''sitenotice''' about the campaign so users are notified. * Used the '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/fnf/ Article List Generator Tool]''' and shared the generated article lists with your community. === Internet & Childcare Support === Community organisers and jury members who require '''internet and childcare support''' (non-mandatory, opt-in, request-only support) should fill the support request form '''by 22 February 2026'''. '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeutXEF1yTnJfExWUYPIf6SkhcnTgul07BeI-biqT4RE_vsrA/viewform Link to the form]''' Requests submitted after this date will not be entertained. === Important Participation Guidelines === * Minimum article size: '''3000 bytes and 300 words''' (final decision may be set by local organisers). * If your country is not listed on the Article list generator tool, please contact us. === Community Engagement === * Keep your community active and motivated throughout the campaign. * Share your achievements and notable articles with us so we can highlight them globally. * In the support form, please indicate if you would like a '''quick coordination call after the campaign'''. Let’s make '''Feminism and Folklore''', under the banner of '''#WeTogether''', help bridge the '''gender gap''' and '''folklore gap''' on Wikipedia worldwide. 🌍✊ Thank you for your collaboration! ''If someone from your community organisers or jury has missed this message feel free to share this message with them.'' Feminism and Folklore International Team. –[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೦:೪೭, ೧೬ ಪೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&oldid=30083330 --> == ಸ್ತ್ರೀವಾದೊ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಜಾನಪದೊ 2026ದ ಪುಗರ್ತೆ == <div lang="tcy" dir="ltr"> <div style="border: 2px solid maroon; background-color: #FAFAD2; color: #202122; padding: 1em; text-align: left;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo-tcy.svg | 350px | right]] '''ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ {{ROOTPAGENAME}}''',<br/> [[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಸ್ತ್ರೀವಾದೊ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಜಾನಪದೊ 2026|ಸ್ತ್ರೀವಾದೊ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಜಾನಪದೊ 2026]] ಗ್ ಕೊಡುಗೆ ಕೊರ್ತಿನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಧನ್ಯವಾದೊಲು!<br/> ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯೊಡು ಜಾನಪದೊಡು ಪೊಣ್ಣುಲೆನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಲೇಕನೊಲೆನ್ ಬರೆಯೆರೆ ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಅವಿಶ್ರಾಂತ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನೊಗು ಎಂಕುಲು ಮೆಚ್ಚುಗೆ ಕೊರೊಂದುಲ್ಲ. ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯೊಡು ಲಿಂಗ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಅಂತರೊನು ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ನಿರಂತರ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನೊಲು, ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆಡ್ದ್ ಎಂಕುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸ್ಫೂರ್ತಿ ಪಡೆಯೊಂದುಲ್ಲ. ಈರ್ ಪ್ರತಿ ವರ್ಷಲಾ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಎಂಕುಲು ಆಸೆ ಮಲ್ಪುವ! ಪ್ರಾಮಾಣಿಕವಾದ್,<br/> '''ಸ್ತ್ರೀವಾದೊ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಜಾನಪದೊ 2026 - ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಸಂಘಟನೆ ತಂಡ''' </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:ChiK@tcywiki using the list at https://tcy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF:%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8A_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8A_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8A_2026/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%81/list&oldid=357914 --> == Next Steps and Feedback meeting for Feminism and Folklore Organizers == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="padding: 1em 2em;"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> Dear Organizer, I hope this message finds you well. First and foremost, on behalf of the International Team I want to extend my gratitude to you for your efforts in organizing the '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' campaign on your local Wikipedia. Your contribution has been instrumental in bridging the gender and folk gap on Wikipedia, and we truly appreciate your dedication to this important cause. As the campaign has ended I wanted to inform you about the next steps. It's time to commence the jury process using the CampWiz or Fountain tool where your campaign was hosted. Please ensure that you update the details of the jury, campaign links and the names of organizers accurately on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|sign-up page]]. Once the jury process is completed, kindly update only the top 3 winners details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|results page]] accordingly. The deadline for jury submission of results is '''April 30, 2026'''. However, if you find that the number of articles is high and you require more time, please don't hesitate to inform us via email or on campaign Meta Wiki talk page. We are more than willing to approve an extension if needed. Should you encounter any issues with the tools, please feel free to reach out to us on Telegram for assistance. Your feedback and progress updates are crucial for us to improve the campaign and better understand your community's insights. Therefore, we kindly ask you to spare just an hour to collectively share your progress and achievements with us during our '''[[:m:Event:Feminism and Folklore 2026 Post-Campaign Office Hour|community feedback session]]'''. Your input will greatly assist us in making the campaign more meaningful and impactful. Thank you once again for your hard work and dedication to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts are deeply appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you soon. Warm regards, [[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] on behalf of Feminism and Folklore International Team <nowiki>#WeTogether</nowiki> </div></div> --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೭:೨೭, ೧೧ ಎಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&oldid=30391231 --> == Last Few Days: WikiConference India 2026 Scholarship Applications == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Dear Wikimedian, We're happy to share that scholarship applications for '''WikiConference India 2026''' are currently open and the deadline is just around the corner. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiConference India 2026|WikiConference India 2026]] is the fourth edition of the national-level conference that brings together Wikimedians and stakeholders engaged in Indic-language Wikimedia projects and the broader open knowledge movement across India and South Asia. The conference will take place in Kochi, Kerala, from 4–6 September 2026. * You can find the more information and the application form at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiConference India 2026/Scholarship|Scholarship page here at Meta wiki]] * '''Scholarship deadline: 15 April 2026, 11:59 PM IST''' With only a few days left, we warmly encourage you to apply if you haven’t already and kindly request you to share this with your community and encourage others to apply. For more information and regular updates, we encourage you to visit the conference Meta page. Warm regards, <br> on behalf of the WikiConference India 2026 Organising Team ''This message was sent with [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) on ೦೦:೦೦, ೧೨ ಎಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST)'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Gnoeee@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2026_active_users&oldid=30389801 --> == Meeting Invitation: Karavali Wikimedians User Group (KWUG) == '''Namaskara!''' You are cordially invited to the upcoming online meeting of the Karavali Wikimedians User Group. We will be discussing key projects, including the 10th-anniversary celebrations for Tulu Wikipedia and our cultural heritage campaigns. '''Meeting Details:''' <br/> 📅 Date: Thursday, 23 April 2026 <br/> ⏰ Time: 07:30 PM (IST) <br/> 📍 Venue: Google Meet (Online) <br/> 🔗 Meeting Link: https://meet.google.com/xgs-fodf-ouy '''Agenda:''' <br/> Wiki Loves Tuluvas: Living and Cultural Heritage campaign. <br/> Tulu Wikipedia 10th Anniversary: Planning the milestone celebration. <br/> In-person Meeting: Scheduling our next physical gathering. <br/> GLAM Activity: Updates on gallery and library collaborations. <br/> Open Discussion: Other community matters. Your participation and ideas are vital to the growth of our community. See you there... '''More:''' <br/> https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Karavali_Wikimedians/Meetups/Online_Meetup_23_April_2026 '''On behalf''', <br/> Karavali Wikimedians <!-- Message sent by User:ChiK@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karavali_Wikimedians/Events/delivery_list&oldid=30440036 --> == Final Reminder: Submission of Local Winners for Feminism and Folklore 2026 == Dear Feminism and Folklore organiser, This is a friendly reminder that the deadline for submitting the names and details of your local winners for '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' is '''5 June 2026'''. Please ensure that your community's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|winner information]] is submitted before this date. Communities that do not provide their winner data by the deadline will unfortunately not be eligible for prize distribution, and the international organizing team will not be able to accommodate late submissions received after 5 June 2026. Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter and for your participation in the campaign. Best regards, '''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team''' --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೦೭:೩೯, ೩ ಜೂನ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30627457 --> == ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ೧೦ನೇ ವರ್ಸಂತಿಗೆದ ಬರೆವು ಪಂತೊಗು ಲೆಪ್ಪೋಲೆ! == {| style="border: 2px solid #FFCC00; background-color: #FFF9E6; padding: 10px; border-radius: 8px; font-family: sans-serif; width: 100%;" |- | '''ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ!''' 🙏 ನಮ್ಮ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸುರು ಆದ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಪತ್ತ್ ವರ್ಷದ ಸಂಭ್ರಮೋಡುಂಡು. ಈ ಎಡ್ಡೆ ಲೇಸ್‌ದ ನೆನಪುಗಾದ್, ನಮ್ಮ ತುಳು ಬಾಸೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿನ್ ಇಂಟರ್ನೆಟ್‌ಡ್ ಜಗತ್ತ್‌ಗೇ ತೆರಿಪಾಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊರ್ಲುದ '''ಲೇಖನ ಬರೆಪುನ ಪಂತೊನು''' ದೀಡುಂಡು. ನಮ್ಮ ತುಳುನಾಡ್‌ದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ, ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ, ಆಚಾರ-ವಿಚಾರದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಜ್ಞಾನ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್‌ಲಾ ಮುಲ್ಪ ಮುಕ್ತ ಆಯಿನ ಅವಕಾಶ ಉಂಡು! === 📅 ಪಂತೊದ ದಿನೊಕ್ಕುಲು === * '''ಸುರು ಆಪುನ ದಿನ:''' ಜೂನ್ ೫, ೨೦೨೬ (00:00 UTC) * '''ಮುಗಿಯುನಾ ದಿನ:''' ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೪, ೨೦೨೬ (11:59 UTC) === 📝 ಪಂತೊದ ನಿಯಮೊಲು === # '''ವಿಷಯ:''' ನಮ್ಮ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತುಳುನಾಡ್‌ದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಇಪ್ಪೊಡು. # '''ಗಾತ್ರ:''' ಪೊಸ ಲೇಖನ ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಎಕ್ಸ್‌ಪ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಲೇಖನ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಪಂಡಲಾ '''೩೦೦ ಪದೊಕುಲು''' (ಅತ್ತಂಡ ೩,೦೦೦ ಬೈಟ್ಸ್) ಇಪ್ಪೊಡು. # '''ಗುಣಮಟ್ಟ:''' ಸ್ವಂತ ಬರೆತಿನ ಇಪ್ಪೊಡು (Copy-paste ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಮೆಷಿನ್ ಟ್ರಾನ್ಸ್‌ಲೇಟ್ ಮಲ್ದಿನ ಲೇಖನೊಲು ಬಲ್ಲಿ). ಸರಿಯಾಯಿನ ಆಧಾರ/ಲಿಂಕ್ ದೀಡೊಡು. === 🏆 ಬೊಮ್ಮನೊಲು === * ವಿಶೇಷ ಬಹುಮಾನೊಲು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಸರ್ಟಿಫಿಕೇಟ್‌ಲು ಉಂಡು! (ವಿವರೊಲು ಬೇಗನೇ ಪ್ರಕಟ ಆಪುಂಡು). ---- 📢 '''ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯರೆ ಈ ಪುಟೊಗು ಬಲೆ:''' [[tcy:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:10ನೇ ವರ್ಸಂತಿಗೆದ ಬರವು ಪಂತೊ|ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:10ನೇ ವರ್ಸಂತಿಗೆದ ಬರವು ಪಂತೊ]] ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಅಕ್ಷರೊಲು ನಮ್ಮ ತುಳು ಬಾಸೆಗ್ ಬಲ ಕೊರಡ್. ಬಲೆ, ಮಾತೆರ್ಲಾ ಒಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯನ್ ಬಂಗಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುಗ! |} [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೯:೪೮, ೪ ಜೂನ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:ChiK@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tulu_Wikipedia_10th_Anniversary/delivery_list&oldid=30611683 --> == Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, Your dedication, coordination, and hard work played a vital role in making this year's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign successful. We truly appreciate the time and effort you invested in engaging your community and supporting participants. As we have completed the jury phase and begin planning for next year's campaign, we would like to learn from your experiences. Please complete the organisers' feedback form and share your insights, challenges, and suggestions on how we can improve the campaign. '''This feedback form is mandatory for all organisers''', as it helps us evaluate the campaign and make meaningful improvements for future editions. '''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf6IsGAsxkTEWTwueyLg-gBjRVlY3g2kTNj3xRhDiILiQnQwQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]''' Please submit your response by '''25 June 2026'''. Thank you once again for your invaluable contributions and for helping make Feminism and Folklore a global success. We look forward to working with you again in the future! Regards, '''Feminism and Folklore Team''' --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೭:೩೫, ೧೮ ಜೂನ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30704175 --> == Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects. As we reflect on this year's campaign and prepare for the next edition, we'd love to hear about your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill out our feedback form and share your thoughts and suggestions. As a token of our appreciation, everyone who completes the form will receive a '''special digital postcard'''! in their email. This year marks '''''25 years of Wikipedia''''', and the postcard has been created to celebrate this milestone and to recognize the incredible efforts of participants like you who continue to enrich free knowledge for the world. '''Form Link - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqFZN9IdWbAnZ_7DyG5bIsuq7KAkdsIxweC_TdPH9In-tthQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]''' Please complete the feedback form by '''25 June 2026'''. Thank you once again for making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a success. We hope to see you again in future campaigns! Best regards, Feminism and Folklore international Team. --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೦:೦೧, ೧೮ ಜೂನ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30704478 --> == [[Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques]] == Hi, I noticed that you imported the article “Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques” in May, but the text is still in English. Could you please take another look at this when you have a chance? Thanks! [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Icodense|Icodense]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Icodense|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೫:೪೮, ೧೨ ಜುಲಾಯಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) PS: Same for [[The Partisan]]. == ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಾದ ೧೦ನೇ ವರ್ಸೊದ ಸಂಭ್ರಮದ ಉಚ್ಚಯ == <div style="background: #fffdf5; border: 2px solid #800000; border-radius: 8px; padding: 18px; max-width: 650px; margin: 15px auto; font-family: sans-serif; color: #222; line-height: 1.6;"> <!-- Banner Header --> <div style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid #ffe082; padding-bottom: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <h2 style="color: #d84315; margin: 0 0 5px 0; border: none; font-size: 22px;">🎉 ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದ ೧೦ನೇ ವರ್ಷದ ಆಚರಣೆ</h2> <p style="margin: 0; font-weight: bold; color: #555;">ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಎಡ್ಡೆಪ್ಪುಲು!</p></div> <p>ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 12 ಬುಕ್ಕೊ 13ನೇ ತಾರೀಕ್ದಾನಿ ಕುಡ್ಲಡ್ ನಡಪರೆ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದ ಪತ್ತನೇ ವರ್ಷದ ಆಚರಣೆನ್ ತೆರಿಪಾವರೆ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಕುಸಿ ಆವೊಂದುಂಡು.</p> <!-- Key Event Details --> <div style="background: #fff8e1; border-left: 4px solid #ff8f00; padding: 10px 14px; margin: 12px 0;"><b>📅 ತಾರೀಕ್:</b> ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 12 ಬುಕ್ಕೊ 13<br><b>📍 ಜಾಗೆ:</b> ಕುಡ್ಲ (ಜಾಗೆ ನಿಗಾಂಟಾತ್ಜಿ)</div> <p>ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಸುರು ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿಲೆನ್ ತಂಡೊ ಆದ್ ಪಟ್ಟೊಂದು, ಒಟ್ಟು ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಈ ಮೈಲಿಗಲ್ಲ್ನ್ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಇಪ್ಪುನಂನೆ ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಎಂಕುಲು ಎದುರು ತೂವೊಂದುಲ್ಲ.</p> <p>ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿ ದೆತೊಂದು ಸ್ವಯಂಸೇವಕೆರಾದ್ ಈ ಲೇಸ್ಗ್ ಸಕಾಯೊ ಕೊರಿಯರ ಇಚ್ಚೆ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ, ದಯಮಲ್ತ್ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ತೆರಿಪಾಲೆ. ಪಾಲ್ ದೆತೊನಿಯರ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಅವಕಾಸೊ ಉಂಡು ಅಂಚನೆ ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಬೆರಸಾಯೊ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಕುಸಿಯಾಪುಂಡು.</p> <p>ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆ ಮಲ್ಲಪುನೆ - ವಿಸೇಸವಾದ್ ಒನಸ್ ತೆನಸ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಲಾಜಿಸ್ಟಿಕ್ಸ್ ಆಯೋಜಿಸಯರ ದಯಮಲ್ತ್ ಲಗತ್ತಿಸಾಯಿನ ಗೂಗಲ್ ಫಾರ್ಮ್ನ್ ಬರ್ತಿ ಮಲ್ತ್ದ್ ನಿಗ್ಲ್ ಬರ್ಪುನೆನ್ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ತೆರಿಪಾಲೆ.</p> <!-- CTA Registration Button --> <div style="text-align: center; margin: 20px 0; background: #fff8e1; color: #ffffff !important; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 4px; display: inline-block;">[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSenIOP2YtOn3bbxSU2ijO5YeYveIECUu_UovVREKz7Iy-jkjg/viewform?usp=dialog📝 ಗೂಗಲ್ ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಬರ್ತಿ ಮಲ್ಪಿ (ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ 13 ಮುಟ್ಟ)]</div> <!-- Note Box --> <div style="background: #e8f5e9; border: 1px solid #c8e6c9; border-radius: 4px; padding: 10px 14px; font-size: 14px; color: #1b5e20; margin: 12px 0;"><b>📌 ಗಮನಿಸಲೆ:</b> ನಮೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಿನ್ಯ ಬಜೆಟ್ಡ್ ಬೇಲೆ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುನೆ. ಅಯಿಡ್ದಾದ್ ನೆರೆಕರೆ ತಾಲೂಕು, ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದಗ್ಲ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆವೊನ್ಬೆರ್. ಅಂಚನೇ ದೂರೊದ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದಕ್ಲ್ ಬರೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಪಿದಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬರ್ಪುನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಉಂತುನೆಗ್ ಬೆಂಬಲೊ ಕೊರೊಂದುಲ್ಲೊ. ದೂರೊದಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಉಂತುನ ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆನ್ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡು, ಅಂಚನೆ ವನಸ್ಗ್ ಪನೊಡು ಪನ್ಪುನ ನೆಲೆಟ್ ನಿಕ್ಲ್ ಬರ್ಪುನೆನ್ ದುಂಬೆ ಪನ್ಲೆಂದ್ ವಿನಂತಿ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದುಲ್ಲೊ.</div> <p>ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಮಾತೆರೆನ್ಲಾ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದ 10 ವರ್ಸೊದ ಗೌಜಿನ್ ಒಟ್ಟಾದ್ ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಎದುರು ತೂವೊಂದುಲ್ಲೊ! 🙌</p> <!-- Signature --> <div style="text-align: right; margin-top: 15px; font-size: 14px; color: #666; border-top: 1px solid #eee; padding-top: 8px;"> ಪತ್ತನೇ ವರ್ಸೊದ ತಯಾರಿಡ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಎಡ್ಡೆಪುದ ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು.<br> <b>ಈವೆಂಟ್ ಕೋ-ಆರ್ಡಿನೇಟರ್</b>, ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಪತ್ತನೆ ವರ್ಸಾಚರಣೆ</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ChiK@tcywiki using the list at https://tcy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF:10%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%87_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%86/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86&oldid=365205 --> == ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‌ದ ಬಗೆಟ್ == ಫತೇಪುರ್ ಸಿಕ್ರಿ ಲೇಕನೊಡು ಅರ್ತ ಆವಂದಿ ವಾಕ್ಯೊಲು ಸರಿ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಸರಿ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಬರೆತಾರ್, ದಯಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಅರ್ತ ಆವಂದಿನ ವಾಕ್ಯ ಒವ್ವು ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ತೋಜಪಾಲೆ ಸರಿ ಮಲ್ಪುಗ. ದನ್ಯವಾದೊಲು. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kavitha G. Kana|Kavitha G. Kana]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kavitha G. Kana|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೧:೧೩, ೨೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) :@[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kavitha G. Kana|Kavitha G. Kana]]: [[ಫತೇಪುರ್ ಸಿಕ್ರಿ]] [[Special:Diff/366101]] ಕೆಲವೊಂಜೆನ್ ಸರಿ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ; ಲೇಕನೊ ಇತ್ತೆ ಸರಿಯಾದ್ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ, ಏರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಈ <code><nowiki>{{Copy edit}}</nowiki></code> ನಿರ್ವಹಣೆದ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‌ನ್ ದೆತ್ತ್ ಪಾಡ್‌ದ್ ಕೊಡುಗೆ ಕೊರೊಲಿ. ಇರೆಗ್ ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು, [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೩:೨೧, ೨೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) ::ಅಭಿಯಾನೊಗು ಕಾರಣವಾದ್ ಅಕ್ಬರ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಬುಡ್ದು ಪೋಯೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1610 ಡ್ದ್ ಉಂದು ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾದ್ ಕೈಬುಡಿಯೆರ್.[೨] - ನೆಟ್ಟ್ ಅಭಿಯಾನೊ ಲಾ ಕನ್ನಡ ಪ್ರಚಾರ ಲಾ ಕನ್ನಡ. ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾದ್ ಲಾ ಕನ್ನಡ, ಗಮನೊನು ಲಾ ಕನ್ನಡ ಅವೆರ್ದ್ ಗುಮನೊನು ಅತು. ಬೇತೆ ವೊವ್ ವಾಕ್ಯ ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾದ್ ಇಜ್ಜಿ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ತೆರಿಪಾಂಡ ಬಾರೀ ಎಡ್ಡೆ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. '''ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿಕೋಬಾರ್ ದ್ವೀಪೊಲು''' ನೆಟ್ಟ್ ನನಾತ್ ಬರೆಯೆರೆ ಉಂಡು. ಅವು ಬುಡ್ದು ಪೊಸ ಲೇಕನೊಗ್ ದಾಯೆ ಪೋವೊಡು. ಆಯಿಕ್ ಬೋಡಾಪಿನ ವಿಸಯೊಲು ಉಲ್ಲ, ಅವೆನ್ ಮುಗಿಪಂದೆ ಪೊಸ ಲೇಕನ ದಾಯೆ ಬರೆಪುನಿ. ದುಂಬುದೆನ್ ಎರ್ ಮುಗಿಪೆರೆ. ಆಯಿಕ್ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ದಾಯೆ ಪಾಡಿಜಾರ್. ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬರೆಪೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬರೆತಿಜೆರ್. ನಮ ಪೂರಾ {{under construction}} ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪಾಡೊಂದಿತ್ತ. ವಂತೆ ಅಲ್ಪಲ ಗಮನ ಕೊರ್ಲೆ. ಇರೆನ ಉತ್ತರೊಗು ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kavitha G. Kana|Kavitha G. Kana]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kavitha G. Kana|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೩:೪೩, ೨೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) :::@[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kavitha G. Kana|Kavitha G. Kana]]; ಲೇಕನ ಬರವು ಮುಗಿನೆತ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಲೇಕನ ಉಂಡು ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನಗ್ಲು ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಬೇತೆಕುಲು ''<nowiki>{{ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್:Under construction}}</nowiki>'' ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‌ನ್ ಗಳಸರೆ ಸಾದ್ಯೊ ಆಪುಜಿ. ಲೇಕನೊಡು ದೋಸೊಲು ತೋಜಿದ್ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಅವೆನ್ ಮಾಜಾವರ ಗುರ್ತೊ ಮಲ್ಪೊಲಿ ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ [[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಕರಡುಲು|ಕರಡು]] ಪುದರ್‌‌ಇಡೆಕ್ ಜಾರಪೊಲಿ. <code>Under construction</code> ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‌ದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಮಾಹಿತಿಗ್, ದಯಮಲ್ತ್ [[ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್:Under construction#Usage]] ಪುಟೊನು ತೂಲೆ. ಇರೆಗ್ ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು, [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೦:೫೬, ೨೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) ::::ಆಯಿಕ್ ಎಡಿಟರ್ ನಕುಲು ಮಾತ್ರ ಎಡಿಟ್ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ Under construction ಪಾಡೊಲಿ ಅತೆ. ಅಪಂಡ ಲೇಕನ ಬರೆತಿನಾರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬರೆಪೆರ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಗೊತ್ತಾಪುಂಡು. ಲೇಕನ ಬರೆತಿನಾರ್ ಪಾಡಿಜೆರ್ಂಡ ನಿಕುಲು ಗುರ್ತ ಮಲ್ಪೊಲಿ. ಪೊಸ ಲೇಕನ ಬರೆದ್ ಅಯಿತ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಮಾತ್ರ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದು ಪೊಪುನತ್ತ್, ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ಯಾರಾಗ್ರಾಪ್‌ಡ್ ಉಂತಾವುನು ದಾಯೆ? ಆಯಿಕ್ ಇರ್ ಎಲ್ಯ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಪಾಡ್ಲೆ. ಕೆಲವು ಲೇಕನ ತೋಜುಂಡು ಕೆಲವು ಬೊಡಿತ್ತಿನಕ್ಲೆನ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇದ ಉಂಡೆ? ಇತ್ತೆ ಯಾನ್ ಬರೆಯಿನ ಡುಬ್ನೊ ಕೋಟೆ ಲೇಕನೊಗ್ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಪಾಡ್ಲೆ. ಎಂಕ್ ಗೊತ್ತುಪ್ಪುನ ವಿಸಯ ಪಾಡ್ದೆ, ನನ ಏರೆಗ್ ಆಯಿಕ್ ವಿಸಯ ಜಿಂಜಾವೊಲಿ ಜಿಂಜಾವಡ್. Under construction ದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಕೊರ್ನೆಕ್ ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kavitha G. Kana|Kavitha G. Kana]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kavitha G. Kana|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೩:೦೬, ೨೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) :::::@[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kavitha G. Kana|Kavitha G. Kana]]; ಗಮನೊಗ್ ಬತ್ತಿ ಲೇಕನೊಲೆದ ಗುರ್ತೊ ಮಲ್ಪಿ ಕಜ್ಜೊ ಆವೊಂದ್ಂಡ್. ಮಾತಾ ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆರ್ಲಾ ಗುರ್ತೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಸಕಾಯೋ ಮಲ್ಪೊಲಿ. ಉಂದು ಮಾತೆರ್ಲ ಸೇರ್ದು ಮಲ್ಪಿ ಕಜ್ಜೊಲು. ಇರೆಗ್ ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು, [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೮:೨೯, ೨೨ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) ::::::ಇರೆನ ಪಾತೆರ ಸರಿ. ಆಂಡ ಮುರಾನಿ ಇರೇ ಅಂಕ ಕೊರ್ನ ವಿಸ್ವ ಬ್ರಾಣೆರ ದಿನೊ ನೆಟ್ಟ್ ಉಲ್ಲೇಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಲಾ ಸರಿಯಾದ್ ಪೋಪುಜಿ. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಪಾಡ್‌ನಪಗ ನಮ ಎರೆನ ಲೇಕನ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ತೂಪುಜ ತೋಜೊಡು. ಅಂಚೆನೆ ಇರೆನ ಕಜ್ಜೊನು ದುಂಬು ಕೊನೊಲೆ. ಅವು ಮಾತಾ ತುಳು ಪುಟಕ್ಕು ಸರಿಯಾದ್ ತೀರ್ಮಾನ ಕೊರೊಂದು ಪೋಲೆ. ಇರೆನ ಈ ಎಡ್ಡೆ ಕಜ್ಜೊಗು ನಮ ಏಪಲಾ ಬೆರಿ ಸಕಾಯ ಕೊರ್ಪ. ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು ಸರ್ [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kavitha G. Kana|Kavitha G. Kana]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kavitha G. Kana|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೦:೫೯, ೨೨ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) :::::::@[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kavitha G. Kana|Kavitha G. Kana]]; ಕೆಲವು <code>Dead Link</code> ಮೂಲು ಗೊಂದಲ ಮಲ್ತುಂಡು. ಅವೆನು ಗುರ್ತ ಮಲ್ತುನೆಗು ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು, [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೦:೩೧, ೨೩ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) bakd7mxo9y2hrgb0jnb1039djz3s1eg 366819 366735 2026-08-24T05:12:24Z Kavitha G. Kana 1040 /* ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‌ದ ಬಗೆಟ್ */ ಪ್ರತಿಕ್ರಿಯೆ 366819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=ChidanandaKampa}} == [[ಚಂದ್ರೆ]] == Hello, Is [https://tcy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86&type=revision&diff=143298&oldid=143297 this] correct? Thanks, [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kwamikagami|Kwamikagami]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kwamikagami|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೯:೫೭, ೩೧ ಜನವರಿ ೨೦೨೨ (IST) == WikiConference India 2023: Program submissions and Scholarships form are now open == Dear Wikimedian, We are really glad to inform you that '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023|WikiConference India 2023]]''' has been successfully funded and it will take place from 3 to 5 March 2023. The theme of the conference will be '''Strengthening the Bonds'''. We also have exciting updates about the Program and Scholarships. The applications for scholarships and program submissions are already open! You can find the form for scholarship '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023/Scholarships|here]]''' and for program you can go '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023/Program Submissions|here]]'''. For more information and regular updates please visit the Conference [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|Meta page]]. If you have something in mind you can write on [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|talk page]]. ‘‘‘Note’’’: Scholarship form and the Program submissions will be open from '''11 November 2022, 00:00 IST''' and the last date to submit is '''27 November 2022, 23:59 IST'''. Regards [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೬:೫೫, ೧೬ ನವಂಬರ್ ೨೦೨೨ (IST) (on behalf of the WCI Organizing Committee) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_scholarships_and_program&oldid=24082246 --> == WikiConference India 2023: Open Community Call and Extension of program and scholarship submissions deadline == Dear Wikimedian, Thank you for supporting Wiki Conference India 2023. We are humbled by the number of applications we have received and hope to learn more about the work that you all have been doing to take the movement forward. In order to offer flexibility, we have recently extended our deadline for the Program and Scholarships submission- you can find all the details on our [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|Meta Page]]. COT is working hard to ensure we bring together a conference that is truly meaningful and impactful for our movement and one that brings us all together. With an intent to be inclusive and transparent in our process, we are committed to organizing community sessions at regular intervals for sharing updates and to offer an opportunity to the community for engagement and review. Following the same, we are hosting the first Open Community Call on the 3rd of December, 2022. We wish to use this space to discuss the progress and answer any questions, concerns or clarifications, about the conference and the Program/Scholarships. Please add the following to your respective calendars and we look forward to seeing you on the call * '''WCI 2023 Open Community Call''' * '''Date''': 3rd December 2022 * '''Time''': 1800-1900 (IST) * '''Google Link'''': https://meet.google.com/cwa-bgwi-ryx Furthermore, we are pleased to share the email id of the conference contact@wikiconferenceindia.org which is where you could share any thoughts, inputs, suggestions, or questions and someone from the COT will reach out to you. Alternatively, leave us a message on the Conference [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|talk page]]. Regards [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೧:೫೧, ೨ ದಸಂಬರ್ ೨೦೨೨ (IST) On Behalf of, WCI 2023 Core organizing team. <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_scholarships_and_program&oldid=24083503 --> == Archiver bot == Hello. I was reviewing [[Special:Contribs/MABot|MABot]] logs and saw that [[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಚಾವಡಿ]] is now being archived at [[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಚಾವಡಿ ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊ]]. Is this intended? I'm asking as I'd rather avoid archiving in the wrong place. If this is now where you'd like to archive threads for that project, I can continue. Thanks in advance for your answer. Sincerely, [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MarcoAurelio|MarcoAurelio]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MarcoAurelio|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೩:೨೫, ೮ ಪೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೨೦೨೩ (IST) :Thank you for your response this [[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಚಾವಡಿ ಪತ್ರಾಗಾರೊ]] is right place. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೩೮, ೯ ಪೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೨೦೨೩ (IST) ::Thank you. I'll re-configure the bot. Sincerely, [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MarcoAurelio|MarcoAurelio]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MarcoAurelio|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೦೫:೦೬, ೧೦ ಪೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೨೦೨೩ (IST) == Mahatma Gandhi 2023 edit-a-thon Barnstar Award == ''Sorry for writing this message in English - feel free to help us translating it'' {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" | rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" |[[ಫೈಲ್:Special_Gold_Barnstar.png|100x100px]] | style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''Congratulations!!!''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |Thank you for contributing to the [[:meta:Karavali Wikimedians/Events/Mahatma Gandhi 2023 edit-a-thon|Mahatma Gandhi 2023 edit-a-thon]]. We are appreciative of your tireless efforts to create articles about Mahatma Gandhi as well as other Independence movements on your local Wikipedia. We are deeply inspired by your persistent efforts, dedication to improve articles. We are lucky to have amazing Wikimedian like you in our movement. Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia. Hopefully, Wikipedia will continue to enrich your active constructive editing in the future. Thanks for your contribution <br/> '''Tamanpreet Kaur''' <br/> ''Punjabi Wikimedian''. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Tamanpreet Kaur|Tamanpreet Kaur]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Tamanpreet Kaur|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೪:೩೧, ೧೯ ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ ೨೦೨೩ (IST) |} == Organising Feminism and Folklore == [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg | 350px | right]] Hello Community Organizers, Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore writing competition on your wiki. We congratulate you in joining and celebrating our cultural heritage and promoting gender equality on Wikipedia. To encourage boost for the contributions of the participants, we're offering prizes for Feminism and Folklore local prizes. Each Wikipedia will have three local winners: *First Prize: $15 USD *Second Prize: $10 USD *Best Jury Article: $5 USD All this will be in '''gift voucher format only'''. Kindly inform your local community regarding these prizes and post them on the local project page The Best Jury Article will be chosen by the jury based on how unique the article is aligned with the theme. The jury will review all submissions and decide the winner together, making sure it's fair. These articles will also be featured on our social media handles. We're also providing internet and childcare support to the first 50 organizers and Jury members for who request for it. Remember, only 50 organizers will get this support, and it's given on a first-come, first-served basis. The registration form will close after 50 registrations, and the deadline is March 15, 2024. This support is optional and not compulsory, so if you're interested, fill out the form [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdnytyact-HR6DvsWwnrVeWuzMfuNH1dSjpF24m6od-f3LzZQ/viewform here]. Each organizer/jury who gets support will receive $30 USD in gift voucher format, even if they're involved in more than one wiki. No dual support will be provided if you have signed up in more than one language. This support is meant to appreciate your volunteer support for the contest. We also invite all organizers and jury members to join us for office hours on '''Saturday, March 2, 2024'''. This session will help you understand the jury process for both contests and give you a chance to ask questions. More details are on [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2024_Office_Hour_2 meta page]. Let's celebrate our different cultures and work towards gender equality on Wikipedia! Best regards, Rockpeterson [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೧:೨೬, ೨೯ ಪೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೨೦೨೪ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/fnf2024golbal&oldid=26304232 --> == Translation request == Hello, ChiK. Can you translate and upload the articles [[:en:Azerbaijani manat]], [[:en:Azerbaijani manat sign]] and [[:en:Campi Flegrei]] in Tulu Wikipedia? Yours sincerely, [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Oirattas|Oirattas]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Oirattas|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೧:೫೬, ೧೫ ಸಪ್ಟಂಬರ್ ೨೦೨೪ (IST) :Thank you very much for the [[ಅಜೆರ್ಬೈಜಾನಿ ಮನಾತ್ ಗುರ್ತ]] article. Can you also translate and upload the articles [[:en:Azerbaijani manat]] and [[:en:Campi Flegrei]] in Tulu Wikipedia (and also all these three articles in Kannada Wikipedia)? [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Oirattas|Oirattas]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Oirattas|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೧:೧೧, ೧೨ ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ ೨೦೨೪ (IST) == Organising Tuluvas Aati Month == [[File:Tuluvas Aati Month banner logo.svg| 150px | right]] Hello Organizers, We want to extend our heartfelt gratitude to you for making the '''[[m:Tuluvas Aati Month|Tuluvas Aati Month]]''' event a success. Your time, dedication, and expertise brought this cultural celebration to life, creating meaningful experiences for everyone involved. To help us improve future events and celebrate the efforts of everyone. Each organizer/jury who gets support will receive in gift card format. please fill out [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd3RWB1kvSyR77kYaZtI-S1T9da48Cd7j6giMb6naSDXcYl9Q/viewform this form]. Best regards,<br> '''Tuluvas Aati Month Team'''. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೮:೫೬, ೧ ನವಂಬರ್ ೨೦೨೪ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:ChiK@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuluvas_Aati_Month/JuryList&oldid=27685549 --> == Invitation to Participate in the Wikimedia SAARC Conference Community Engagement Survey == Dear Community Members, I hope this message finds you well. Please excuse the use of English; we encourage translations into your local languages to ensure inclusivity. We are conducting a Community Engagement Survey to assess the sentiments, needs, and interests of South Asian Wikimedia communities in organizing the inaugural Wikimedia SAARC Regional Conference, proposed to be held in Kathmandu, Nepal. This initiative aims to bring together participants from eight nations to collaborate towards shared goals. Your insights will play a vital role in shaping the event's focus, identifying priorities, and guiding the strategic planning for this landmark conference. Survey Link: https://forms.gle/en8qSuCvaSxQVD7K6 We kindly request you to dedicate a few moments to complete the survey. Your feedback will significantly contribute to ensuring this conference addresses the community's needs and aspirations. Deadline to Submit the Survey: 20 January 2025 Your participation is crucial in shaping the future of the Wikimedia SAARC community and fostering regional collaboration. Thank you for your time and valuable input. Warm regards,<br> [[:m:User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=28078122 --> == Thank you for being a medical contributors! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|130px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" |'''The 2024 Cure Award''' |- | style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |In 2024 you '''[[mdwiki:WikiProjectMed:WikiProject_Medicine/Stats/Top_medical_editors_2024_(all)|were one of the top medical editors in your language]]'''. Thank you from [[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med]] for helping bring free, complete, accurate, up-to-date health information to the public. We really appreciate you and the vital work you do! Wiki Project Med Foundation is a [[meta:Wikimedia_thematic_organizations|thematic organization]] whose mission is to improve our health content. '''[[meta:Wiki_Project_Med#People_interested|Consider joining for 2025]]''', there are no associated costs. Additionally one of our primary efforts revolves around translating health content. We invite you to '''[https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php try our new workflow]''' if you have not already. Our dashboard automatically [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/leaderboard.php collects statistics] of your efforts and we are working on [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/fixwikirefs.php tools to automatically improve formating]. |} Thanks again :-) -- [[mdwiki:User:Doc_James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] along with the rest of the team at '''[[m:WikiProject_Med|Wiki Project Med Foundation]]''' ೧೧:೫೪, ೨೬ ಜನವರಿ ೨೦೨೫ (IST) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_Other_Language_Editors_2024&oldid=28172893 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2025: Important Updates for Organizers & Jury == Hello Community Organizers and Jury, Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore writing competition on your wiki. Feminism and Folklore is the largest Wikipedia contest organized by community members. We congratulate you in joining and celebrating our cultural heritage and promoting gender equality on Wikipedia. To encourage boost for the contributions of the participants, we're offering prizes for Feminism and Folklore local prizes. Each Wikipedia will have three local winners: # First Prize: $25 USD # Second Prize: $20 USD # Best Jury Article: $15 USD All this will be in '''gift voucher format only'''. Prizes will only be given to users who have more than 5 accepted articles. No prizes will be given for users winning below 5 accepted articles. Kindly inform your local community regarding these prizes and post them on the local project page The Best Jury Article will be chosen by the jury based on how unique the article is aligned with the theme. The jury will review all submissions and decide the winner together, making sure it's fair. These articles will also be featured on our social media handles. We're also providing internet and childcare support to the first 75 organizers and Jury members for those who request for it. Remember, only 75 organizers will get this support, and it's given on a first-come, first-served basis. The registration form will close after 75 registrations, and the deadline is <nowiki>'''</nowiki>March 5, 2025<nowiki>'''</nowiki>. This support is optional and not compulsory, so if you're interested, fill out the [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeum8md6FqHY1ISWRLW5bqOAv_lcd1tpVtMMZfWKRDU_IffLQ/viewform?usp=dialog Form] Each organizer/jury who gets support will receive $40 USD in gift voucher format, even if they're involved in more than one wiki. No dual support will be provided if you have signed up in more than one language. This support is meant to appreciate your volunteer support for the contest. We also invite all organizers and jury members to join us for Advocacy session on '''Saturday, Feb 28, 2025'''. This session will help you understand the jury process for both contests and give you a chance to ask questions. More details are on [[meta:Event:Telling untold stories: How to document gendered narratives in Folklore on Wikipedia|Event:Telling untold stories: How to document gendered narratives in Folklore on Wikipedia - Meta]] Let's celebrate our different cultures and work towards gender equality on Wikipedia! Best regards, Stella and Tiven Wiki loves folklore international team [[User:SAgbley|SAgbley]] ([[User talk:SAgbley|talk]]) 04:39, 25 February 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/Community_Prizes&oldid=28309519 --> == Final reminder that the deadline for submitting your Feminism and Folklore 2025 results == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> Hello {{PAGENAME}} [[File:Feminism and Folklore logo.svg | right | frameless]] I hope this message finds you well. This is a final reminder that the deadline for submitting your Feminism and Folklore 2025 results on Meta has elapsed. For participant prizes to be processed, your community must submit the necessary information as soon as possible. Please use the following link to submit your results: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Results Submit your results] We have extended the {{font color||yellow|'''submission deadline to 12 June 2025'''.}} Kindly note that failure to submit by this date will result in your group’s participants not receiving any prizes from us. Thank you for your attention to this important matter and for your continued contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Warm regards,<br> Stella<br> On behalf of Feminism and Folklore Team<br> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 12:39, 08 June 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:FnF_2025_reminder_list&oldid=28842648 --> == Notice of expiration of your interface-admin right == <div dir="ltr">Hi, as part of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], this is an automated reminder to let you know that your permission "interface-admin" (ಅಂತರಮುಕ ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕೆರ್) will expire on 2025-11-29 15:03:18. Please renew this right if you would like to continue using it. <i>In other languages: [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot/Messages/default|click here]]</i> [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Leaderbot|Leaderbot]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Leaderbot|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೦೧:೧೩, ೨೩ ನವಂಬರ್ ೨೦೨೫ (IST)</div> == Invitation: Karavali Wikimedians Stall & Community Meetup at Mangaluru Lit Fest 2026 == <div style="margin: 1em auto; padding: 15px; border: 2px solid #4b0082; border-radius: 15px; background-color: #fdfaf5; box-shadow: 5px 5px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); max-width: 100%;"> <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 20px;"> <span style="font-size: 160%; font-weight: bold; color: #cc5500; text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px #ddd;">✨ Karavali Wikimedians @ Mangaluru Lit Fest 2026 ✨</span><br> <span style="font-size: 120%; color: #4b0082; font-weight: bold;">Celebrating 10th Years of Tulu Wikipedia & 25th Years of Wikipedia</span></div> Dear Wikimedians, Warm greetings from '''Karavali Wikimedians User Group'''! 🌟 We are thrilled to invite you to the '''[[:m:Karavali Wikimedians Stall & Community Meetup at Mangaluru Lit Fest 2026|8th Edition of the Mangaluru Literature Festival (#MlrLitFest)]]'''. This year is a historic milestone as we kick-start the '''[[:m:Tulu Wikipedia 10th Anniversary|10th Anniversary of Tulu Wikipedia]]'''! <div style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; width: 100%; background: transparent;"> <div style="flex: 1; min-width: 250px; padding: 10px; border: 1px dashed #cc5500; border-radius: 10px; background: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box;"> <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #cc5500;">📅 '''When:'''</span><br> '''10th & 11th January 2026''' <br><br> <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #cc5500;">📍 '''Where:'''</span><br> '''Dr. TMA Pai International Convention Centre, Mangaluru''' </div> <div style="flex: 1; min-width: 250px; padding: 10px; border: 1px dashed #2e8b57; border-radius: 10px; background: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box;"> <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #2e8b57;">🚀 '''The Wiki Stall:'''</span><br> Visit our stall to see our work in language documentation and cultural preservation. We need your energy to help manage and showcase our projects! </div></div> <div style="margin-top: 20px; padding: 15px; background-color: #f3eafb; border-left: 10px solid #4b0082; border-radius: 5px;"> <span style="font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold; color: #202122;">📌 Special Community Meetup</span><br> '''Date:''' 11th January 2026 (Day 2)<br> '''Time:''' 11:00 AM (Followed by Lunch 🍛)<br> '''Agenda:''' '''''Future roadmaps, upcoming projects, Community health and capacity building.''''' </div> <br> * We warmly invite all community members to attend both days of the festival, and we strongly encourage you not to miss the second day’s meetup, which will be an important space for collective reflection and future planning. We look forward to your presence, participation, and support in making this celebration and gathering meaningful and successful. '''Warm regards,'''<br/> <span style="color: #4b0082; font-weight: bold;">President and Secretary</span><br/>Karavali Wikimedians User Group, Mangaluru</div> <!-- Message sent by User:ChiK@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karavali_Wikimedians/Events/delivery_list/MlrLitFest&oldid=29873017 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wikimedian, We thank you for taking an initiative to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;Checklist for Organizers Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us in upcoming office hours We look forward to your presence in the upcoming office hours where the community and the international Team can interact with each other and know more about the contest. resister yourself for the [[:m:Event:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 Office Hours|office hours event]]. Thank you and all the best, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೯:೦೦, ೧೮ ಜನವರಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&oldid=29948401 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 – Community Organisers & Jury == Hello {{PAGENAME}}!, Thank you for taking the lead in organising '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' in your community. We truly appreciate your efforts! To ensure a smooth and successful campaign, please make sure you have: * Fully completed all details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Feminism and Folklore 2026 Project Page]]: * Started promoting the campaign within your community. * Requested a local administrator to place a '''sitenotice''' about the campaign so users are notified. * Used the '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/fnf/ Article List Generator Tool]''' and shared the generated article lists with your community. === Internet & Childcare Support === Community organisers and jury members who require '''internet and childcare support''' (non-mandatory, opt-in, request-only support) should fill the support request form '''by 22 February 2026'''. '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeutXEF1yTnJfExWUYPIf6SkhcnTgul07BeI-biqT4RE_vsrA/viewform Link to the form]''' Requests submitted after this date will not be entertained. === Important Participation Guidelines === * Minimum article size: '''3000 bytes and 300 words''' (final decision may be set by local organisers). * If your country is not listed on the Article list generator tool, please contact us. === Community Engagement === * Keep your community active and motivated throughout the campaign. * Share your achievements and notable articles with us so we can highlight them globally. * In the support form, please indicate if you would like a '''quick coordination call after the campaign'''. Let’s make '''Feminism and Folklore''', under the banner of '''#WeTogether''', help bridge the '''gender gap''' and '''folklore gap''' on Wikipedia worldwide. 🌍✊ Thank you for your collaboration! ''If someone from your community organisers or jury has missed this message feel free to share this message with them.'' Feminism and Folklore International Team. –[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೦:೪೭, ೧೬ ಪೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&oldid=30083330 --> == ಸ್ತ್ರೀವಾದೊ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಜಾನಪದೊ 2026ದ ಪುಗರ್ತೆ == <div lang="tcy" dir="ltr"> <div style="border: 2px solid maroon; background-color: #FAFAD2; color: #202122; padding: 1em; text-align: left;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo-tcy.svg | 350px | right]] '''ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ {{ROOTPAGENAME}}''',<br/> [[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಸ್ತ್ರೀವಾದೊ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಜಾನಪದೊ 2026|ಸ್ತ್ರೀವಾದೊ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಜಾನಪದೊ 2026]] ಗ್ ಕೊಡುಗೆ ಕೊರ್ತಿನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಧನ್ಯವಾದೊಲು!<br/> ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯೊಡು ಜಾನಪದೊಡು ಪೊಣ್ಣುಲೆನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಲೇಕನೊಲೆನ್ ಬರೆಯೆರೆ ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಅವಿಶ್ರಾಂತ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನೊಗು ಎಂಕುಲು ಮೆಚ್ಚುಗೆ ಕೊರೊಂದುಲ್ಲ. ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯೊಡು ಲಿಂಗ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಅಂತರೊನು ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ನಿರಂತರ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನೊಲು, ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆಡ್ದ್ ಎಂಕುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸ್ಫೂರ್ತಿ ಪಡೆಯೊಂದುಲ್ಲ. ಈರ್ ಪ್ರತಿ ವರ್ಷಲಾ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಎಂಕುಲು ಆಸೆ ಮಲ್ಪುವ! ಪ್ರಾಮಾಣಿಕವಾದ್,<br/> '''ಸ್ತ್ರೀವಾದೊ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಜಾನಪದೊ 2026 - ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಸಂಘಟನೆ ತಂಡ''' </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:ChiK@tcywiki using the list at https://tcy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF:%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8A_%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8A_%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8A_2026/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%81/list&oldid=357914 --> == Next Steps and Feedback meeting for Feminism and Folklore Organizers == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="padding: 1em 2em;"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> Dear Organizer, I hope this message finds you well. First and foremost, on behalf of the International Team I want to extend my gratitude to you for your efforts in organizing the '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' campaign on your local Wikipedia. Your contribution has been instrumental in bridging the gender and folk gap on Wikipedia, and we truly appreciate your dedication to this important cause. As the campaign has ended I wanted to inform you about the next steps. It's time to commence the jury process using the CampWiz or Fountain tool where your campaign was hosted. Please ensure that you update the details of the jury, campaign links and the names of organizers accurately on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|sign-up page]]. Once the jury process is completed, kindly update only the top 3 winners details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|results page]] accordingly. The deadline for jury submission of results is '''April 30, 2026'''. However, if you find that the number of articles is high and you require more time, please don't hesitate to inform us via email or on campaign Meta Wiki talk page. We are more than willing to approve an extension if needed. Should you encounter any issues with the tools, please feel free to reach out to us on Telegram for assistance. Your feedback and progress updates are crucial for us to improve the campaign and better understand your community's insights. Therefore, we kindly ask you to spare just an hour to collectively share your progress and achievements with us during our '''[[:m:Event:Feminism and Folklore 2026 Post-Campaign Office Hour|community feedback session]]'''. Your input will greatly assist us in making the campaign more meaningful and impactful. Thank you once again for your hard work and dedication to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts are deeply appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you soon. Warm regards, [[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] on behalf of Feminism and Folklore International Team <nowiki>#WeTogether</nowiki> </div></div> --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೭:೨೭, ೧೧ ಎಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&oldid=30391231 --> == Last Few Days: WikiConference India 2026 Scholarship Applications == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Dear Wikimedian, We're happy to share that scholarship applications for '''WikiConference India 2026''' are currently open and the deadline is just around the corner. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiConference India 2026|WikiConference India 2026]] is the fourth edition of the national-level conference that brings together Wikimedians and stakeholders engaged in Indic-language Wikimedia projects and the broader open knowledge movement across India and South Asia. The conference will take place in Kochi, Kerala, from 4–6 September 2026. * You can find the more information and the application form at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiConference India 2026/Scholarship|Scholarship page here at Meta wiki]] * '''Scholarship deadline: 15 April 2026, 11:59 PM IST''' With only a few days left, we warmly encourage you to apply if you haven’t already and kindly request you to share this with your community and encourage others to apply. For more information and regular updates, we encourage you to visit the conference Meta page. Warm regards, <br> on behalf of the WikiConference India 2026 Organising Team ''This message was sent with [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) on ೦೦:೦೦, ೧೨ ಎಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST)'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Gnoeee@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2026_active_users&oldid=30389801 --> == Meeting Invitation: Karavali Wikimedians User Group (KWUG) == '''Namaskara!''' You are cordially invited to the upcoming online meeting of the Karavali Wikimedians User Group. We will be discussing key projects, including the 10th-anniversary celebrations for Tulu Wikipedia and our cultural heritage campaigns. '''Meeting Details:''' <br/> 📅 Date: Thursday, 23 April 2026 <br/> ⏰ Time: 07:30 PM (IST) <br/> 📍 Venue: Google Meet (Online) <br/> 🔗 Meeting Link: https://meet.google.com/xgs-fodf-ouy '''Agenda:''' <br/> Wiki Loves Tuluvas: Living and Cultural Heritage campaign. <br/> Tulu Wikipedia 10th Anniversary: Planning the milestone celebration. <br/> In-person Meeting: Scheduling our next physical gathering. <br/> GLAM Activity: Updates on gallery and library collaborations. <br/> Open Discussion: Other community matters. Your participation and ideas are vital to the growth of our community. See you there... '''More:''' <br/> https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Karavali_Wikimedians/Meetups/Online_Meetup_23_April_2026 '''On behalf''', <br/> Karavali Wikimedians <!-- Message sent by User:ChiK@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karavali_Wikimedians/Events/delivery_list&oldid=30440036 --> == Final Reminder: Submission of Local Winners for Feminism and Folklore 2026 == Dear Feminism and Folklore organiser, This is a friendly reminder that the deadline for submitting the names and details of your local winners for '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' is '''5 June 2026'''. Please ensure that your community's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|winner information]] is submitted before this date. Communities that do not provide their winner data by the deadline will unfortunately not be eligible for prize distribution, and the international organizing team will not be able to accommodate late submissions received after 5 June 2026. Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter and for your participation in the campaign. Best regards, '''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team''' --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೦೭:೩೯, ೩ ಜೂನ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30627457 --> == ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ೧೦ನೇ ವರ್ಸಂತಿಗೆದ ಬರೆವು ಪಂತೊಗು ಲೆಪ್ಪೋಲೆ! == {| style="border: 2px solid #FFCC00; background-color: #FFF9E6; padding: 10px; border-radius: 8px; font-family: sans-serif; width: 100%;" |- | '''ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ!''' 🙏 ನಮ್ಮ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸುರು ಆದ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಪತ್ತ್ ವರ್ಷದ ಸಂಭ್ರಮೋಡುಂಡು. ಈ ಎಡ್ಡೆ ಲೇಸ್‌ದ ನೆನಪುಗಾದ್, ನಮ್ಮ ತುಳು ಬಾಸೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿನ್ ಇಂಟರ್ನೆಟ್‌ಡ್ ಜಗತ್ತ್‌ಗೇ ತೆರಿಪಾಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊರ್ಲುದ '''ಲೇಖನ ಬರೆಪುನ ಪಂತೊನು''' ದೀಡುಂಡು. ನಮ್ಮ ತುಳುನಾಡ್‌ದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ, ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ, ಆಚಾರ-ವಿಚಾರದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಜ್ಞಾನ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್‌ಲಾ ಮುಲ್ಪ ಮುಕ್ತ ಆಯಿನ ಅವಕಾಶ ಉಂಡು! === 📅 ಪಂತೊದ ದಿನೊಕ್ಕುಲು === * '''ಸುರು ಆಪುನ ದಿನ:''' ಜೂನ್ ೫, ೨೦೨೬ (00:00 UTC) * '''ಮುಗಿಯುನಾ ದಿನ:''' ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೪, ೨೦೨೬ (11:59 UTC) === 📝 ಪಂತೊದ ನಿಯಮೊಲು === # '''ವಿಷಯ:''' ನಮ್ಮ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತುಳುನಾಡ್‌ದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಇಪ್ಪೊಡು. # '''ಗಾತ್ರ:''' ಪೊಸ ಲೇಖನ ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಎಕ್ಸ್‌ಪ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಲೇಖನ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಪಂಡಲಾ '''೩೦೦ ಪದೊಕುಲು''' (ಅತ್ತಂಡ ೩,೦೦೦ ಬೈಟ್ಸ್) ಇಪ್ಪೊಡು. # '''ಗುಣಮಟ್ಟ:''' ಸ್ವಂತ ಬರೆತಿನ ಇಪ್ಪೊಡು (Copy-paste ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಮೆಷಿನ್ ಟ್ರಾನ್ಸ್‌ಲೇಟ್ ಮಲ್ದಿನ ಲೇಖನೊಲು ಬಲ್ಲಿ). ಸರಿಯಾಯಿನ ಆಧಾರ/ಲಿಂಕ್ ದೀಡೊಡು. === 🏆 ಬೊಮ್ಮನೊಲು === * ವಿಶೇಷ ಬಹುಮಾನೊಲು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಸರ್ಟಿಫಿಕೇಟ್‌ಲು ಉಂಡು! (ವಿವರೊಲು ಬೇಗನೇ ಪ್ರಕಟ ಆಪುಂಡು). ---- 📢 '''ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯರೆ ಈ ಪುಟೊಗು ಬಲೆ:''' [[tcy:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:10ನೇ ವರ್ಸಂತಿಗೆದ ಬರವು ಪಂತೊ|ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:10ನೇ ವರ್ಸಂತಿಗೆದ ಬರವು ಪಂತೊ]] ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಅಕ್ಷರೊಲು ನಮ್ಮ ತುಳು ಬಾಸೆಗ್ ಬಲ ಕೊರಡ್. ಬಲೆ, ಮಾತೆರ್ಲಾ ಒಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯನ್ ಬಂಗಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುಗ! |} [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೯:೪೮, ೪ ಜೂನ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:ChiK@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tulu_Wikipedia_10th_Anniversary/delivery_list&oldid=30611683 --> == Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, Your dedication, coordination, and hard work played a vital role in making this year's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign successful. We truly appreciate the time and effort you invested in engaging your community and supporting participants. As we have completed the jury phase and begin planning for next year's campaign, we would like to learn from your experiences. Please complete the organisers' feedback form and share your insights, challenges, and suggestions on how we can improve the campaign. '''This feedback form is mandatory for all organisers''', as it helps us evaluate the campaign and make meaningful improvements for future editions. '''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf6IsGAsxkTEWTwueyLg-gBjRVlY3g2kTNj3xRhDiILiQnQwQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]''' Please submit your response by '''25 June 2026'''. Thank you once again for your invaluable contributions and for helping make Feminism and Folklore a global success. We look forward to working with you again in the future! Regards, '''Feminism and Folklore Team''' --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೭:೩೫, ೧೮ ಜೂನ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30704175 --> == Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects. As we reflect on this year's campaign and prepare for the next edition, we'd love to hear about your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill out our feedback form and share your thoughts and suggestions. As a token of our appreciation, everyone who completes the form will receive a '''special digital postcard'''! in their email. This year marks '''''25 years of Wikipedia''''', and the postcard has been created to celebrate this milestone and to recognize the incredible efforts of participants like you who continue to enrich free knowledge for the world. '''Form Link - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqFZN9IdWbAnZ_7DyG5bIsuq7KAkdsIxweC_TdPH9In-tthQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]''' Please complete the feedback form by '''25 June 2026'''. Thank you once again for making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a success. We hope to see you again in future campaigns! Best regards, Feminism and Folklore international Team. --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೦:೦೧, ೧೮ ಜೂನ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30704478 --> == [[Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques]] == Hi, I noticed that you imported the article “Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques” in May, but the text is still in English. Could you please take another look at this when you have a chance? Thanks! [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Icodense|Icodense]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Icodense|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೫:೪೮, ೧೨ ಜುಲಾಯಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) PS: Same for [[The Partisan]]. == ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಾದ ೧೦ನೇ ವರ್ಸೊದ ಸಂಭ್ರಮದ ಉಚ್ಚಯ == <div style="background: #fffdf5; border: 2px solid #800000; border-radius: 8px; padding: 18px; max-width: 650px; margin: 15px auto; font-family: sans-serif; color: #222; line-height: 1.6;"> <!-- Banner Header --> <div style="text-align: center; border-bottom: 2px solid #ffe082; padding-bottom: 10px; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <h2 style="color: #d84315; margin: 0 0 5px 0; border: none; font-size: 22px;">🎉 ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದ ೧೦ನೇ ವರ್ಷದ ಆಚರಣೆ</h2> <p style="margin: 0; font-weight: bold; color: #555;">ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಎಡ್ಡೆಪ್ಪುಲು!</p></div> <p>ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 12 ಬುಕ್ಕೊ 13ನೇ ತಾರೀಕ್ದಾನಿ ಕುಡ್ಲಡ್ ನಡಪರೆ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದ ಪತ್ತನೇ ವರ್ಷದ ಆಚರಣೆನ್ ತೆರಿಪಾವರೆ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಕುಸಿ ಆವೊಂದುಂಡು.</p> <!-- Key Event Details --> <div style="background: #fff8e1; border-left: 4px solid #ff8f00; padding: 10px 14px; margin: 12px 0;"><b>📅 ತಾರೀಕ್:</b> ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 12 ಬುಕ್ಕೊ 13<br><b>📍 ಜಾಗೆ:</b> ಕುಡ್ಲ (ಜಾಗೆ ನಿಗಾಂಟಾತ್ಜಿ)</div> <p>ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಸುರು ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿಲೆನ್ ತಂಡೊ ಆದ್ ಪಟ್ಟೊಂದು, ಒಟ್ಟು ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಈ ಮೈಲಿಗಲ್ಲ್ನ್ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಇಪ್ಪುನಂನೆ ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಎಂಕುಲು ಎದುರು ತೂವೊಂದುಲ್ಲ.</p> <p>ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿ ದೆತೊಂದು ಸ್ವಯಂಸೇವಕೆರಾದ್ ಈ ಲೇಸ್ಗ್ ಸಕಾಯೊ ಕೊರಿಯರ ಇಚ್ಚೆ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ, ದಯಮಲ್ತ್ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ತೆರಿಪಾಲೆ. ಪಾಲ್ ದೆತೊನಿಯರ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಅವಕಾಸೊ ಉಂಡು ಅಂಚನೆ ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಬೆರಸಾಯೊ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಕುಸಿಯಾಪುಂಡು.</p> <p>ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆ ಮಲ್ಲಪುನೆ - ವಿಸೇಸವಾದ್ ಒನಸ್ ತೆನಸ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಲಾಜಿಸ್ಟಿಕ್ಸ್ ಆಯೋಜಿಸಯರ ದಯಮಲ್ತ್ ಲಗತ್ತಿಸಾಯಿನ ಗೂಗಲ್ ಫಾರ್ಮ್ನ್ ಬರ್ತಿ ಮಲ್ತ್ದ್ ನಿಗ್ಲ್ ಬರ್ಪುನೆನ್ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ತೆರಿಪಾಲೆ.</p> <!-- CTA Registration Button --> <div style="text-align: center; margin: 20px 0; background: #fff8e1; color: #ffffff !important; padding: 10px 20px; text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; border-radius: 4px; display: inline-block;">[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSenIOP2YtOn3bbxSU2ijO5YeYveIECUu_UovVREKz7Iy-jkjg/viewform?usp=dialog📝 ಗೂಗಲ್ ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಬರ್ತಿ ಮಲ್ಪಿ (ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ 13 ಮುಟ್ಟ)]</div> <!-- Note Box --> <div style="background: #e8f5e9; border: 1px solid #c8e6c9; border-radius: 4px; padding: 10px 14px; font-size: 14px; color: #1b5e20; margin: 12px 0;"><b>📌 ಗಮನಿಸಲೆ:</b> ನಮೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಿನ್ಯ ಬಜೆಟ್ಡ್ ಬೇಲೆ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುನೆ. ಅಯಿಡ್ದಾದ್ ನೆರೆಕರೆ ತಾಲೂಕು, ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದಗ್ಲ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆವೊನ್ಬೆರ್. ಅಂಚನೇ ದೂರೊದ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದಕ್ಲ್ ಬರೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಪಿದಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬರ್ಪುನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಉಂತುನೆಗ್ ಬೆಂಬಲೊ ಕೊರೊಂದುಲ್ಲೊ. ದೂರೊದಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಉಂತುನ ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆನ್ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡು, ಅಂಚನೆ ವನಸ್ಗ್ ಪನೊಡು ಪನ್ಪುನ ನೆಲೆಟ್ ನಿಕ್ಲ್ ಬರ್ಪುನೆನ್ ದುಂಬೆ ಪನ್ಲೆಂದ್ ವಿನಂತಿ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದುಲ್ಲೊ.</div> <p>ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಮಾತೆರೆನ್ಲಾ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯದ 10 ವರ್ಸೊದ ಗೌಜಿನ್ ಒಟ್ಟಾದ್ ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಎದುರು ತೂವೊಂದುಲ್ಲೊ! 🙌</p> <!-- Signature --> <div style="text-align: right; margin-top: 15px; font-size: 14px; color: #666; border-top: 1px solid #eee; padding-top: 8px;"> ಪತ್ತನೇ ವರ್ಸೊದ ತಯಾರಿಡ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಎಡ್ಡೆಪುದ ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು.<br> <b>ಈವೆಂಟ್ ಕೋ-ಆರ್ಡಿನೇಟರ್</b>, ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಪತ್ತನೆ ವರ್ಸಾಚರಣೆ</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ChiK@tcywiki using the list at https://tcy.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF:10%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%87_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%86/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%86&oldid=365205 --> == ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‌ದ ಬಗೆಟ್ == ಫತೇಪುರ್ ಸಿಕ್ರಿ ಲೇಕನೊಡು ಅರ್ತ ಆವಂದಿ ವಾಕ್ಯೊಲು ಸರಿ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಸರಿ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಬರೆತಾರ್, ದಯಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಅರ್ತ ಆವಂದಿನ ವಾಕ್ಯ ಒವ್ವು ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ತೋಜಪಾಲೆ ಸರಿ ಮಲ್ಪುಗ. ದನ್ಯವಾದೊಲು. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kavitha G. Kana|Kavitha G. Kana]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kavitha G. Kana|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೧:೧೩, ೨೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) :@[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kavitha G. Kana|Kavitha G. Kana]]: [[ಫತೇಪುರ್ ಸಿಕ್ರಿ]] [[Special:Diff/366101]] ಕೆಲವೊಂಜೆನ್ ಸರಿ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ; ಲೇಕನೊ ಇತ್ತೆ ಸರಿಯಾದ್ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ, ಏರೆಗ್ಲಾ ಈ <code><nowiki>{{Copy edit}}</nowiki></code> ನಿರ್ವಹಣೆದ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‌ನ್ ದೆತ್ತ್ ಪಾಡ್‌ದ್ ಕೊಡುಗೆ ಕೊರೊಲಿ. ಇರೆಗ್ ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು, [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೩:೨೧, ೨೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) ::ಅಭಿಯಾನೊಗು ಕಾರಣವಾದ್ ಅಕ್ಬರ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಬುಡ್ದು ಪೋಯೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1610 ಡ್ದ್ ಉಂದು ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾದ್ ಕೈಬುಡಿಯೆರ್.[೨] - ನೆಟ್ಟ್ ಅಭಿಯಾನೊ ಲಾ ಕನ್ನಡ ಪ್ರಚಾರ ಲಾ ಕನ್ನಡ. ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾದ್ ಲಾ ಕನ್ನಡ, ಗಮನೊನು ಲಾ ಕನ್ನಡ ಅವೆರ್ದ್ ಗುಮನೊನು ಅತು. ಬೇತೆ ವೊವ್ ವಾಕ್ಯ ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾದ್ ಇಜ್ಜಿ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ತೆರಿಪಾಂಡ ಬಾರೀ ಎಡ್ಡೆ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. '''ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿಕೋಬಾರ್ ದ್ವೀಪೊಲು''' ನೆಟ್ಟ್ ನನಾತ್ ಬರೆಯೆರೆ ಉಂಡು. ಅವು ಬುಡ್ದು ಪೊಸ ಲೇಕನೊಗ್ ದಾಯೆ ಪೋವೊಡು. ಆಯಿಕ್ ಬೋಡಾಪಿನ ವಿಸಯೊಲು ಉಲ್ಲ, ಅವೆನ್ ಮುಗಿಪಂದೆ ಪೊಸ ಲೇಕನ ದಾಯೆ ಬರೆಪುನಿ. ದುಂಬುದೆನ್ ಎರ್ ಮುಗಿಪೆರೆ. ಆಯಿಕ್ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ದಾಯೆ ಪಾಡಿಜಾರ್. ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬರೆಪೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬರೆತಿಜೆರ್. ನಮ ಪೂರಾ {{under construction}} ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪಾಡೊಂದಿತ್ತ. ವಂತೆ ಅಲ್ಪಲ ಗಮನ ಕೊರ್ಲೆ. ಇರೆನ ಉತ್ತರೊಗು ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kavitha G. Kana|Kavitha G. Kana]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kavitha G. Kana|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೩:೪೩, ೨೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) :::@[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kavitha G. Kana|Kavitha G. Kana]]; ಲೇಕನ ಬರವು ಮುಗಿನೆತ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಲೇಕನ ಉಂಡು ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನಗ್ಲು ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಬೇತೆಕುಲು ''<nowiki>{{ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್:Under construction}}</nowiki>'' ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‌ನ್ ಗಳಸರೆ ಸಾದ್ಯೊ ಆಪುಜಿ. ಲೇಕನೊಡು ದೋಸೊಲು ತೋಜಿದ್ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಅವೆನ್ ಮಾಜಾವರ ಗುರ್ತೊ ಮಲ್ಪೊಲಿ ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ [[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಕರಡುಲು|ಕರಡು]] ಪುದರ್‌‌ಇಡೆಕ್ ಜಾರಪೊಲಿ. <code>Under construction</code> ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್‌ದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಮಾಹಿತಿಗ್, ದಯಮಲ್ತ್ [[ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್:Under construction#Usage]] ಪುಟೊನು ತೂಲೆ. ಇರೆಗ್ ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು, [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೦:೫೬, ೨೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) ::::ಆಯಿಕ್ ಎಡಿಟರ್ ನಕುಲು ಮಾತ್ರ ಎಡಿಟ್ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ Under construction ಪಾಡೊಲಿ ಅತೆ. ಅಪಂಡ ಲೇಕನ ಬರೆತಿನಾರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬರೆಪೆರ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಗೊತ್ತಾಪುಂಡು. ಲೇಕನ ಬರೆತಿನಾರ್ ಪಾಡಿಜೆರ್ಂಡ ನಿಕುಲು ಗುರ್ತ ಮಲ್ಪೊಲಿ. ಪೊಸ ಲೇಕನ ಬರೆದ್ ಅಯಿತ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಮಾತ್ರ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದು ಪೊಪುನತ್ತ್, ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ಯಾರಾಗ್ರಾಪ್‌ಡ್ ಉಂತಾವುನು ದಾಯೆ? ಆಯಿಕ್ ಇರ್ ಎಲ್ಯ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಪಾಡ್ಲೆ. ಕೆಲವು ಲೇಕನ ತೋಜುಂಡು ಕೆಲವು ಬೊಡಿತ್ತಿನಕ್ಲೆನ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇದ ಉಂಡೆ? ಇತ್ತೆ ಯಾನ್ ಬರೆಯಿನ ಡುಬ್ನೊ ಕೋಟೆ ಲೇಕನೊಗ್ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಪಾಡ್ಲೆ. ಎಂಕ್ ಗೊತ್ತುಪ್ಪುನ ವಿಸಯ ಪಾಡ್ದೆ, ನನ ಏರೆಗ್ ಆಯಿಕ್ ವಿಸಯ ಜಿಂಜಾವೊಲಿ ಜಿಂಜಾವಡ್. Under construction ದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಕೊರ್ನೆಕ್ ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kavitha G. Kana|Kavitha G. Kana]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kavitha G. Kana|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೩:೦೬, ೨೧ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) :::::@[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kavitha G. Kana|Kavitha G. Kana]]; ಗಮನೊಗ್ ಬತ್ತಿ ಲೇಕನೊಲೆದ ಗುರ್ತೊ ಮಲ್ಪಿ ಕಜ್ಜೊ ಆವೊಂದ್ಂಡ್. ಮಾತಾ ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆರ್ಲಾ ಗುರ್ತೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಸಕಾಯೋ ಮಲ್ಪೊಲಿ. ಉಂದು ಮಾತೆರ್ಲ ಸೇರ್ದು ಮಲ್ಪಿ ಕಜ್ಜೊಲು. ಇರೆಗ್ ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು, [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೮:೨೯, ೨೨ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) ::::::ಇರೆನ ಪಾತೆರ ಸರಿ. ಆಂಡ ಮುರಾನಿ ಇರೇ ಅಂಕ ಕೊರ್ನ ವಿಸ್ವ ಬ್ರಾಣೆರ ದಿನೊ ನೆಟ್ಟ್ ಉಲ್ಲೇಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಲಾ ಸರಿಯಾದ್ ಪೋಪುಜಿ. ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಪಾಡ್‌ನಪಗ ನಮ ಎರೆನ ಲೇಕನ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ತೂಪುಜ ತೋಜೊಡು. ಅಂಚೆನೆ ಇರೆನ ಕಜ್ಜೊನು ದುಂಬು ಕೊನೊಲೆ. ಅವು ಮಾತಾ ತುಳು ಪುಟಕ್ಕು ಸರಿಯಾದ್ ತೀರ್ಮಾನ ಕೊರೊಂದು ಪೋಲೆ. ಇರೆನ ಈ ಎಡ್ಡೆ ಕಜ್ಜೊಗು ನಮ ಏಪಲಾ ಬೆರಿ ಸಕಾಯ ಕೊರ್ಪ. ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು ಸರ್ [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kavitha G. Kana|Kavitha G. Kana]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kavitha G. Kana|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೦:೫೯, ೨೨ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) :::::::@[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kavitha G. Kana|Kavitha G. Kana]]; ಕೆಲವು <code>Dead Link</code> ಮೂಲು ಗೊಂದಲ ಮಲ್ತುಂಡು. ಅವೆನು ಗುರ್ತ ಮಲ್ತುನೆಗು ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು, [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೦:೩೧, ೨೩ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) ::::::::ಉಲ್ಲೇಕ ಸರಿ ಮಲ್ತಾರ್, ಅಂಡ ಟೆಂಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಪಾಡಿಜಾರ್, ಲೇಕನ ಕನ್ನಡ್, ತುಳು ಅತ್ತ್ ಕಂತ್ಲು ಬಾಸೆಡ್ ಇತ್ತಿಲೆಕ್ಕ ತೋಜುಂಡು. ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Kavitha G. Kana|Kavitha G. Kana]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Kavitha G. Kana|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೦:೪೨, ೨೪ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) qjdwvgdqxjsf4dfh9cv1uu8luhatrmj 828 9814 366704 365593 2026-08-23T05:08:45Z en>Ahechtbot 0 [[Wikipedia:BOT|Bot]]: Updated page. 366704 Scribunto text/plain return { ["IAST"] = 6300, ["IA_SCOTUS_URL"] = 3300, ["IBDB_name"] = 9800, ["ICD10"] = 5000, ["ICD9"] = 4400, ["ICS"] = 3500, ["ICS_flag"] = 3500, ["IDN"] = 3800, ["IMDb_episode"] = 11000, ["IMDb_episodes"] = 4200, ["IMDb_name"] = 173000, ["IMDb_title"] = 211000, ["IMO_Number"] = 4500, ["IMSLP"] = 9200, ["INA"] = 2400, ["IND"] = 8600, ["INR"] = 6500, ["INRConvert"] = 6700, ["INRConvert/CurrentRate"] = 6700, ["INRConvert/USD"] = 6600, ["INRConvert/out"] = 6700, ["IOBDB_name"] = 2100, ["IP"] = 2800, ["IPA"] = 182000, ["IPA_audio_link"] = 5100, ["IPA_link"] = 5100, ["IPAblink"] = 2600, ["IPAc-cmn"] = 2800, ["IPAc-en"] = 56000, ["IPAc-pl"] = 51000, ["IPSummary"] = 82000, ["IP_summary"] = 83000, ["IPtalk"] = 18000, ["IPuser"] = 7600, ["IPvandal"] = 2800, ["IRC"] = 7100, ["IRI"] = 2500, ["IRL"] = 6100, ["IRN"] = 4000, ["ISBN"] = 475000, ["ISBN?"] = 2500, ["ISBNT"] = 46000, ["ISBN_missing"] = 3200, ["ISFDB_name"] = 4300, ["ISFDB_title"] = 5100, ["ISL"] = 2300, ["ISO_15924/script-example-character"] = 3100, ["ISO_15924/wp-article"] = 3100, ["ISO_15924/wp-article/format"] = 3100, ["ISO_15924/wp-article/label"] = 3000, ["ISO_3166_code"] = 240000, ["ISO_3166_name"] = 16000, ["ISO_639_name"] = 28000, ["ISP"] = 3700, ["ISR"] = 5800, ["ISSN"] = 12000, ["ISSN_link"] = 33000, ["ISTAT"] = 8100, ["ISU_figure_skater"] = 2300, ["ITA"] = 20000, ["ITF"] = 6800, ["ITF_profile"] = 2600, ["ITIS"] = 5900, ["ITN_talk"] = 13000, ["ITN_talk/date"] = 13000, ["IUCN_banner"] = 15000, ["I_sup"] = 4900, ["Ice_hockey_box"] = 2000, ["Ice_hockey_stats"] = 20000, ["Icehockeystats"] = 11000, ["Icelandic_name"] = 2100, ["Icon"] = 666000, ["If"] = 433000, ["If_all"] = 7800, ["If_autoconfirmed"] = 2200, ["If_between"] = 4800, ["If_both"] = 208000, ["If_dark"] = 4000, ["If_dark/styles.css"] = 4000, ["If_either"] = 22000, ["If_empty"] = 6720000, ["If_first_display_both"] = 122000, ["If_in_category"] = 164000, ["If_in_page"] = 22000, ["If_last_display_both"] = 38000, ["If_mobile"] = 2100, ["If_mobile/styles.css"] = 3000, ["If_preview"] = 66000, ["If_then_show"] = 135000, ["Ifempty"] = 943000, ["Ifeq"] = 83000, ["Iferror_then_show"] = 4000, ["Ifexist_not_redirect"] = 1910000, ["Ifnotempty"] = 18000, ["Ifnoteq_then_show"] = 2300, ["Ifnumber"] = 75000, ["Ifsubst"] = 1020000, ["Ih"] = 8100, ["Ill"] = 255000, ["Illm"] = 5900, ["Image_frame"] = 6200, ["Image_label"] = 4700, ["Image_label_begin"] = 4100, ["Image_label_end"] = 4100, ["Image_label_small"] = 2600, ["Image_needed"] = 4500, ["Image_other"] = 190000, ["Image_requested"] = 136000, ["Image_requested/Category_helper"] = 126000, ["Imbox"] = 998000, ["Imdb_name"] = 5300, ["Imdb_title"] = 2800, ["Importance"] = 15000, ["Importance/colour"] = 30000, ["Importance_mask"] = 621000, ["Improve_categories"] = 7500, ["Improve_documentation"] = 4200, ["Improve_plot"] = 4100, ["In_class"] = 5600, ["In_lang"] = 388000, ["In_progress"] = 3800, ["In_string"] = 307000, ["In_title"] = 30000, ["Inactive_userpage_blanked"] = 3900, ["Inaturalist_taxon"] = 3800, ["Include-USGov"] = 25000, ["Incomplete_list"] = 24000, ["Inconclusive"] = 2300, ["Increase"] = 61000, ["Incumbent_pope"] = 4400, ["Indent"] = 2300, ["Indented_plain_list"] = 2700, ["Indented_plainlist"] = 2600, ["Independent_sources"] = 10000, ["IndexFungorum"] = 2100, ["Indian_English"] = 5000, ["Indian_railway_code"] = 3600, ["Indian_rupee"] = 12000, ["Inflation"] = 27000, ["Inflation-fn"] = 5800, ["Inflation-year"] = 4300, ["Inflation/IN/startyear"] = 6700, ["Inflation/UK"] = 5500, ["Inflation/UK/dataset"] = 5500, ["Inflation/UK/startyear"] = 5500, ["Inflation/US"] = 16000, ["Inflation/US-GDP"] = 3000, ["Inflation/US-GDP/dataset"] = 3000, ["Inflation/US-GDP/startyear"] = 3000, ["Inflation/US/dataset"] = 16000, ["Inflation/US/startyear"] = 16000, ["Inflation/fn"] = 7500, ["Inflation/year"] = 34000, ["Info"] = 5600, ["Infobox"] = 3420000, ["Infobox/Columns"] = 3300, ["Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"] = 175000, ["Infobox/styles-images.css"] = 20000, ["Infobox3cols"] = 28000, ["Infobox_AFL_biography"] = 15000, ["Infobox_Athletics_Championships"] = 3400, ["Infobox_Australian_place"] = 15000, ["Infobox_Australian_place/styles.css"] = 15000, ["Infobox_Australian_place/table"] = 11000, ["Infobox_COA_wide"] = 3700, ["Infobox_Canada_electoral_district"] = 2700, ["Infobox_Chinese"] = 23000, ["Infobox_Chinese/Chinese"] = 3200, ["Infobox_Chinese/Footer"] = 7200, ["Infobox_Chinese/Header"] = 7200, ["Infobox_Christian_leader"] = 23000, ["Infobox_French_commune"] = 38000, ["Infobox_French_subdivision"] = 2200, ["Infobox_Gaelic_games_biography"] = 5500, ["Infobox_Gaelic_games_player"] = 3000, ["Infobox_German_location"] = 11000, ["Infobox_German_place"] = 14000, ["Infobox_Grand_Prix_race_report"] = 2200, ["Infobox_Greece_place"] = 3600, ["Infobox_Greek_Dimos"] = 2900, ["Infobox_Hindu_temple"] = 2900, ["Infobox_Indian_constituency"] = 5800, ["Infobox_Indian_constituency/defaultdata"] = 5800, ["Infobox_Italian_comune"] = 8100, ["Infobox_Korean"] = 2200, ["Infobox_Korean/auto"] = 14000, ["Infobox_Korean/auto/categories"] = 14000, ["Infobox_Korean/base"] = 2300, ["Infobox_Korean/base/auto"] = 18000, ["Infobox_Korean/categories"] = 2200, ["Infobox_Korean_name"] = 2200, ["Infobox_Korean_name/auto"] = 14000, ["Infobox_Korean_television_name"] = 3400, ["Infobox_NASCAR_driver"] = 2400, ["Infobox_NASCAR_race_report"] = 2700, ["Infobox_NCAA_basketball_conference_tournament"] = 2100, ["Infobox_NCAA_team_season"] = 10000, ["Infobox_NFL_biography"] = 27000, ["Infobox_NFL_team_season"] = 2300, ["Infobox_NRHP"] = 74000, ["Infobox_NRHP/conv"] = 19000, ["Infobox_NRHP/locmapin2region"] = 68000, ["Infobox_Olympic_event"] = 8100, ["Infobox_Olympic_event/event_link"] = 8100, ["Infobox_Olympic_event/games_text"] = 8100, ["Infobox_Pan_American_Games_event"] = 2900, ["Infobox_Paralympic_event"] = 2900, ["Infobox_Paralympic_event/games_text"] = 2900, ["Infobox_Romanian_subdivision"] = 3200, ["Infobox_Russian_district"] = 2100, ["Infobox_Russian_inhabited_locality"] = 4700, ["Infobox_Russian_inhabited_locality/PosMapFS"] = 4200, ["Infobox_Russian_inhabited_locality/federal_subject"] = 4600, ["Infobox_SCOTUS_case"] = 4600, ["Infobox_SSSI"] = 2000, ["Infobox_Site_of_Special_Scientific_Interest"] = 2100, ["Infobox_Slovak_place"] = 3000, ["Infobox_Swiss_town"] = 2900, ["Infobox_Switzerland_municipality"] = 2900, ["Infobox_Turkey_place"] = 20000, ["Infobox_U.S._county"] = 3000, ["Infobox_U.S._county/district"] = 3000, ["Infobox_U.S._legislation"] = 2100, ["Infobox_UK_constituency"] = 2200, ["Infobox_UK_constituency/year"] = 2200, ["Infobox_UK_legislation"] = 6400, ["Infobox_UK_place"] = 27000, ["Infobox_UK_place/NoDialCode"] = 8200, ["Infobox_UK_place/NoPostCode"] = 3600, ["Infobox_UK_place/area"] = 2700, ["Infobox_UK_place/dens"] = 2300, ["Infobox_UK_place/dist"] = 2800, ["Infobox_UK_place/local"] = 27000, ["Infobox_UK_place/styles.css"] = 27000, ["Infobox_UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site"] = 2100, ["Infobox_UN_resolution"] = 2300, ["Infobox_US_Supreme_Court_case"] = 4800, ["Infobox_US_Supreme_Court_case/courts"] = 4800, ["Infobox_United_States_legislative_district"] = 2700, ["Infobox_United_States_legislative_district/representative"] = 2700, ["Infobox_Wikipedia_user"] = 12000, ["Infobox_academic"] = 27000, ["Infobox_aircraft"] = 13000, ["Infobox_aircraft/styles.css"] = 14000, ["Infobox_aircraft_occurrence"] = 2900, ["Infobox_airline"] = 4800, ["Infobox_airline/styles.css"] = 4800, ["Infobox_airport"] = 14000, ["Infobox_airport/datatable"] = 13000, ["Infobox_airport/styles.css"] = 14000, ["Infobox_album"] = 169000, ["Infobox_album/color"] = 208000, ["Infobox_album/link"] = 169000, ["Infobox_anatomy"] = 4500, ["Infobox_animanga/Footer"] = 7800, ["Infobox_animanga/Header"] = 7800, ["Infobox_animanga/Print"] = 6700, ["Infobox_animanga/Video"] = 5100, ["Infobox_architect"] = 4500, ["Infobox_artist"] = 35000, ["Infobox_artist_discography"] = 6500, ["Infobox_artwork"] = 16000, ["Infobox_automobile"] = 9300, ["Infobox_award"] = 16000, ["Infobox_badminton_player"] = 3300, ["Infobox_baseball_biography"] = 30000, ["Infobox_baseball_biography/style"] = 30000, ["Infobox_baseball_biography/styles.css"] = 30000, ["Infobox_baseball_team_season"] = 3300, ["Infobox_baseball_team_season/leagueseason"] = 3300, ["Infobox_baseball_team_season/season"] = 3300, ["Infobox_baseball_team_season/styles.css"] = 3300, ["Infobox_basketball_biography"] = 23000, ["Infobox_basketball_biography/style"] = 23000, ["Infobox_basketball_club"] = 3300, ["Infobox_basketball_club/styles.css"] = 3300, ["Infobox_beauty_pageant"] = 2200, ["Infobox_bilateral_relations"] = 5000, ["Infobox_bishop_styles"] = 2500, ["Infobox_body_of_water"] = 19000, ["Infobox_book"] = 63000, ["Infobox_book/styles.css"] = 63000, ["Infobox_boxer"] = 6500, ["Infobox_brand"] = 2200, ["Infobox_brand/styles.css"] = 2200, ["Infobox_bridge"] = 6800, ["Infobox_building"] = 34000, ["Infobox_bus_company"] = 2000, ["Infobox_cemetery"] = 2100, ["Infobox_character"] = 8400, ["Infobox_character/styles.css"] = 8500, ["Infobox_chess_biography"] = 4800, ["Infobox_chess_player"] = 3800, ["Infobox_church"] = 17000, ["Infobox_church/denomination"] = 17000, ["Infobox_church/font_color"] = 17000, ["Infobox_civil_conflict"] = 3200, ["Infobox_civilian_attack"] = 7700, ["Infobox_college_coach"] = 13000, ["Infobox_college_football_game"] = 2300, ["Infobox_college_football_player"] = 2600, ["Infobox_college_sports_team_season"] = 45000, ["Infobox_college_sports_team_season/link"] = 45000, ["Infobox_college_sports_team_season/name"] = 45000, ["Infobox_college_sports_team_season/succession"] = 45000, ["Infobox_college_sports_team_season/team"] = 45000, ["Infobox_comedian"] = 2200, ["Infobox_comic_book_title"] = 3200, ["Infobox_comics_character"] = 3500, ["Infobox_comics_creator"] = 3600, ["Infobox_comics_creator/styles.css"] = 3600, ["Infobox_company"] = 93000, ["Infobox_company/styles.css"] = 93000, ["Infobox_computing_device"] = 2600, ["Infobox_concert"] = 3900, ["Infobox_constituency"] = 7900, ["Infobox_country"] = 7200, ["Infobox_country/formernext"] = 6700, ["Infobox_country/imagetable"] = 5700, ["Infobox_country/multirow"] = 9300, ["Infobox_country/status_text"] = 3100, ["Infobox_country/styles.css"] = 7300, ["Infobox_country_at_games"] = 17000, ["Infobox_country_at_games/core"] = 17000, ["Infobox_country_at_games/see_also"] = 14000, ["Infobox_court_case"] = 5300, ["Infobox_court_case/images"] = 2900, ["Infobox_court_case/styles.css"] = 5300, ["Infobox_cricket_tournament"] = 2800, ["Infobox_cricketer"] = 32000, ["Infobox_cricketer/career"] = 32000, ["Infobox_cricketer/national_side"] = 7700, ["Infobox_criminal"] = 7800, ["Infobox_curler"] = 2800, ["Infobox_cycling_race_report"] = 5000, ["Infobox_cyclist"] = 17000, ["Infobox_dam"] = 5900, ["Infobox_deity"] = 2300, ["Infobox_deity/color"] = 2300, ["Infobox_designation_list"] = 32000, ["Infobox_designation_list/entry"] = 23000, ["Infobox_dim"] = 6400, ["Infobox_diocese"] = 4100, ["Infobox_drug"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/chemical_formula"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/data_page_link"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatATC"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatCASnumber"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatChEBI"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatChEMBL"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatChemDBNIAID"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatChemSpider"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatCompTox"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatDrugBank"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatIUPHARBPS"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatJmol"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatKEGG"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatPDBligand"] = 11000, ["Infobox_drug/formatPubChemCID"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatPubChemSID"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatUNII"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/legal_status"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/licence"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/maintenance_categories"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/non-ref-space"] = 4000, ["Infobox_drug/pregnancy_category"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/styles.css"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/title"] = 12000, ["Infobox_economist"] = 2000, ["Infobox_election"] = 41000, ["Infobox_election/shortname"] = 2600, ["Infobox_election/styles.css"] = 41000, ["Infobox_enzyme"] = 5100, ["Infobox_ethnic_group"] = 8100, ["Infobox_event"] = 7800, ["Infobox_family"] = 2800, ["Infobox_field_hockey_player"] = 2600, ["Infobox_figure_skater"] = 4000, ["Infobox_film"] = 170000, ["Infobox_film/short_description"] = 166000, ["Infobox_film_awards"] = 3200, ["Infobox_film_awards/link"] = 3200, ["Infobox_film_awards/style"] = 3200, ["Infobox_film_or_theatre_festival"] = 2100, ["Infobox_food"] = 7700, ["Infobox_football_biography"] = 219000, ["Infobox_football_club"] = 30000, ["Infobox_football_club_season"] = 24000, ["Infobox_football_league"] = 2800, ["Infobox_football_league_season"] = 22000, ["Infobox_football_match"] = 6800, ["Infobox_football_tournament"] = 2200, ["Infobox_football_tournament_season"] = 9400, ["Infobox_former_subdivision"] = 3700, ["Infobox_former_subdivision/styles.css"] = 3700, ["Infobox_galaxy"] = 3400, ["Infobox_game"] = 3100, ["Infobox_game_score"] = 3800, ["Infobox_games"] = 2100, ["Infobox_gene"] = 13000, ["Infobox_given_name"] = 4100, ["Infobox_golfer"] = 4900, ["Infobox_golfer/highest_ranking"] = 4900, ["Infobox_government_agency"] = 13000, ["Infobox_government_cabinet"] = 3600, ["Infobox_gridiron_football_biography"] = 40000, ["Infobox_gridiron_football_biography/position"] = 39000, ["Infobox_gridiron_football_team_season"] = 4100, ["Infobox_gymnast"] = 5900, ["Infobox_handball_biography"] = 5600, ["Infobox_historic_site"] = 22000, ["Infobox_holiday"] = 2200, ["Infobox_holiday/date"] = 2200, ["Infobox_horseraces"] = 2700, ["Infobox_hospital"] = 7000, ["Infobox_hospital/care_system"] = 7000, ["Infobox_hospital/lists"] = 7000, ["Infobox_hurling_championship"] = 2700, ["Infobox_ice_hockey_biography"] = 21000, ["Infobox_ice_hockey_player"] = 18000, ["Infobox_ice_hockey_team"] = 3300, ["Infobox_ice_hockey_team_season"] = 2200, ["Infobox_international_football_competition"] = 6800, ["Infobox_islands"] = 9700, ["Infobox_islands/area"] = 10000, ["Infobox_islands/density"] = 10000, ["Infobox_islands/length"] = 9700, ["Infobox_islands/styles.css"] = 9700, ["Infobox_journal"] = 10000, ["Infobox_journal/Abbreviation_search"] = 10000, ["Infobox_journal/Bluebook_check"] = 9900, ["Infobox_journal/Former_check"] = 9900, ["Infobox_journal/ISO_4_check"] = 9900, ["Infobox_journal/ISSN-eISSN"] = 9900, ["Infobox_journal/Indexing_search"] = 10000, ["Infobox_journal/MathSciNet_check"] = 9900, ["Infobox_journal/NLM_check"] = 9900, ["Infobox_journal/frequency"] = 9100, ["Infobox_journal/openaccess"] = 2700, ["Infobox_judoka"] = 2800, ["Infobox_lake"] = 3800, ["Infobox_language"] = 10000, ["Infobox_language/family-color"] = 12000, ["Infobox_language/genetic"] = 7000, ["Infobox_language/lingualist"] = 11000, ["Infobox_language/linguistlist"] = 10000, ["Infobox_language/ref"] = 7400, ["Infobox_law_enforcement_agency"] = 2200, ["Infobox_legislation"] = 2800, ["Infobox_legislative_district"] = 2300, ["Infobox_legislative_election"] = 2700, ["Infobox_legislative_election/row"] = 2600, ["Infobox_legislative_election/styles.css"] = 2700, ["Infobox_legislative_term"] = 2100, ["Infobox_legislature"] = 4400, ["Infobox_library"] = 2500, ["Infobox_lighthouse"] = 2600, ["Infobox_lighthouse/light"] = 2700, ["Infobox_locomotive"] = 5000, ["Infobox_magazine"] = 8300, ["Infobox_manner_of_address"] = 4200, ["Infobox_martial_artist"] = 6300, ["Infobox_martial_artist/record"] = 6300, ["Infobox_medal_templates"] = 478000, ["Infobox_medical_condition"] = 9900, ["Infobox_medical_condition_(new)"] = 6300, ["Infobox_medical_details"] = 2600, ["Infobox_medical_person"] = 2400, ["Infobox_militant_organization"] = 2200, ["Infobox_military_conflict"] = 28000, ["Infobox_military_installation"] = 11000, ["Infobox_military_person"] = 54000, ["Infobox_military_unit"] = 29000, ["Infobox_mine"] = 2300, ["Infobox_mineral"] = 2000, ["Infobox_mobile_phone"] = 2500, ["Infobox_mobile_phone/size"] = 2100, ["Infobox_mobile_phone/weight"] = 2200, ["Infobox_model"] = 2300, ["Infobox_monument"] = 2800, ["Infobox_mountain"] = 30000, ["Infobox_multi-sport_competition_event"] = 2800, ["Infobox_museum"] = 12000, ["Infobox_musical_artist"] = 131000, ["Infobox_musical_artist/hCard_class"] = 122000, ["Infobox_musical_composition"] = 3700, ["Infobox_name"] = 8800, ["Infobox_name_module"] = 9500, ["Infobox_newspaper"] = 11000, ["Infobox_newspaper/styles.css"] = 11000, ["Infobox_noble"] = 7800, ["Infobox_officeholder"] = 281000, ["Infobox_officeholder/office"] = 288000, ["Infobox_official_post"] = 9900, ["Infobox_organization"] = 43000, ["Infobox_pageant_titleholder"] = 3100, ["Infobox_park"] = 9900, ["Infobox_person"] = 623000, ["Infobox_person/Wikidata"] = 5000, ["Infobox_person/height"] = 116000, ["Infobox_person/length"] = 7700, ["Infobox_person/weight"] = 74000, ["Infobox_philosopher"] = 3800, ["Infobox_planet"] = 4800, ["Infobox_play"] = 4600, ["Infobox_political_party"] = 16000, ["Infobox_power_station"] = 3400, ["Infobox_prepared_food"] = 2500, ["Infobox_professional_wrestler"] = 4800, ["Infobox_professional_wrestling_event"] = 3400, ["Infobox_protected_area"] = 15000, ["Infobox_protein_family"] = 2200, ["Infobox_publisher"] = 2600, ["Infobox_racehorse"] = 6000, ["Infobox_racing_driver"] = 5900, ["Infobox_racing_driver_series_section"] = 2900, ["Infobox_radio_station"] = 22000, ["Infobox_radio_station/styles.css"] = 22000, ["Infobox_rail"] = 3200, ["Infobox_rail_line"] = 8100, ["Infobox_rail_service"] = 3300, ["Infobox_reality_competition_season"] = 4300, ["Infobox_record_label"] = 4200, ["Infobox_recurring_event"] = 8100, ["Infobox_religious_biography"] = 7200, ["Infobox_religious_building"] = 15000, ["Infobox_religious_building/color"] = 21000, ["Infobox_restaurant"] = 4700, ["Infobox_river"] = 32000, ["Infobox_river/calcunit"] = 32000, ["Infobox_river/discharge"] = 32000, ["Infobox_river/row-style"] = 32000, ["Infobox_river/source"] = 32000, ["Infobox_road"] = 25000, ["Infobox_road/meta/mask/category"] = 24000, ["Infobox_road/meta/mask/country"] = 25000, ["Infobox_road/styles.css"] = 26000, ["Infobox_road_small"] = 2500, ["Infobox_rockunit"] = 6500, ["Infobox_royalty"] = 26000, ["Infobox_royalty/short_description"] = 8800, ["Infobox_rugby_biography"] = 19000, ["Infobox_rugby_biography/correct_date"] = 19000, ["Infobox_rugby_biography/depcheck"] = 19000, ["Infobox_rugby_league_biography"] = 11000, ["Infobox_rugby_league_biography/PLAYER"] = 11000, ["Infobox_rugby_team"] = 2700, ["Infobox_sailboat_specifications"] = 2300, ["Infobox_saint"] = 5500, ["Infobox_school"] = 40000, ["Infobox_school/short_description"] = 40000, ["Infobox_school/styles.css"] = 40000, ["Infobox_school_district"] = 6500, ["Infobox_school_district/styles.css"] = 6500, ["Infobox_scientist"] = 57000, ["Infobox_settlement"] = 597000, ["Infobox_settlement/areadisp"] = 259000, ["Infobox_settlement/columns"] = 108000, ["Infobox_settlement/columns/styles.css"] = 108000, ["Infobox_settlement/densdisp"] = 457000, ["Infobox_settlement/lengthdisp"] = 182000, ["Infobox_settlement/link"] = 108000, ["Infobox_settlement/styles.css"] = 597000, ["Infobox_ship"] = 43000, ["Infobox_ship/career"] = 39000, ["Infobox_ship/characteristics"] = 43000, ["Infobox_ship/class_overview"] = 4400, ["Infobox_ship/image"] = 42000, ["Infobox_ship/service_record"] = 2500, ["Infobox_shopping_mall"] = 3800, ["Infobox_short_story"] = 2700, ["Infobox_skier"] = 2700, ["Infobox_soap_character"] = 3100, ["Infobox_social_media_personality"] = 4400, ["Infobox_software"] = 14000, ["Infobox_software/simple"] = 15000, ["Infobox_song"] = 84000, ["Infobox_song/color"] = 84000, ["Infobox_song/link"] = 84000, ["Infobox_song_contest_national_year"] = 2000, ["Infobox_song_contest_national_year/Year"] = 2100, ["Infobox_spaceflight"] = 4100, ["Infobox_spaceflight/styles.css"] = 4100, ["Infobox_speed_skater"] = 2000, ["Infobox_sport_event"] = 2800, ["Infobox_sports_competition_event"] = 24000, ["Infobox_sports_competition_event/medalrow"] = 15000, ["Infobox_sports_league"] = 5700, ["Infobox_sports_season"] = 7000, ["Infobox_sports_team"] = 2300, ["Infobox_sportsperson"] = 160000, ["Infobox_stadium"] = 2600, ["Infobox_station"] = 58000, ["Infobox_station/services"] = 58000, ["Infobox_station/styles.css"] = 58000, ["Infobox_street"] = 4500, ["Infobox_swimmer"] = 11000, ["Infobox_television"] = 64000, ["Infobox_television/Short_description"] = 62000, ["Infobox_television/styles.css"] = 64000, ["Infobox_television_channel"] = 6700, ["Infobox_television_channel/styles.css"] = 6700, ["Infobox_television_episode"] = 13000, ["Infobox_television_episode/styles.css"] = 14000, ["Infobox_television_season"] = 11000, ["Infobox_television_station"] = 3200, ["Infobox_television_station/styles.css"] = 3300, ["Infobox_tennis_biography"] = 11000, ["Infobox_tennis_event"] = 3400, ["Infobox_tennis_tournament"] = 2000, ["Infobox_tennis_tournament/heading"] = 2000, ["Infobox_tennis_tournament/style"] = 2000, ["Infobox_tennis_tournament_event"] = 22000, ["Infobox_tennis_tournament_year"] = 11000, ["Infobox_tennis_tournament_year/color"] = 33000, ["Infobox_tennis_tournament_year/footer"] = 33000, ["Infobox_tournament_season"] = 13000, ["Infobox_train"] = 2600, ["Infobox_university"] = 26000, ["Infobox_user"] = 3000, ["Infobox_venue"] = 20000, ["Infobox_video_game"] = 30000, ["Infobox_video_game/styles.css"] = 30000, ["Infobox_volleyball_biography"] = 5900, ["Infobox_weapon"] = 8100, ["Infobox_weather_event"] = 3500, ["Infobox_weather_event/Effects"] = 3300, ["Infobox_weather_event/Footer"] = 3400, ["Infobox_weather_event/History"] = 3300, ["Infobox_weather_event/SSHWS"] = 2000, ["Infobox_weather_event/meteorology"] = 3200, ["Infobox_weather_event/scale"] = 2100, ["Infobox_weather_event/styles.css"] = 3500, ["Infobox_website"] = 8300, ["Infobox_writer"] = 45000, ["Information"] = 98000, ["Information/styles.css"] = 98000, ["Inlang"] = 2400, ["Inline"] = 3800, ["Inline_block"] = 5400, ["Inprogress"] = 2600, ["Input_link"] = 32000, ["Instagram"] = 20000, ["InterSportStats"] = 5900, ["Interlanguage_link"] = 302000, ["Interlanguage_link_multi"] = 9400, ["International_Paralympic_Committee"] = 4300, ["International_football_primary_link"] = 3500, ["International_football_primary_style"] = 3600, ["International_football_secondary_style"] = 3400, ["Internet_Archive"] = 2200, ["Internet_Archive_SCOTUS_URL"] = 3300, ["Internet_Archive_author"] = 19000, ["Internet_Archive_film"] = 2600, ["Intitle"] = 22000, ["Ip"] = 2100, ["Iptalk"] = 18000, ["IranCensus2006"] = 29000, ["IranNCSGN"] = 3100, ["Iran_Census_2006"] = 30000, ["Irish_place_name"] = 3000, ["IsIPAddress"] = 45000, ["IsValidPageName"] = 3400, ["Is_MLB_league"] = 3300, ["Is_NPB_league"] = 3300, ["Is_continent"] = 13000, ["Is_country_in_Central_America"] = 17000, ["Is_country_in_the_Caribbean"] = 17000, ["Is_interwiki_link"] = 6500, ["Is_italic_taxon"] = 654000, ["Is_redirect"] = 383000, ["Is_time"] = 6700, ["Is_valid_page_name"] = 3400, ["Isbn"] = 10000, ["Isnum"] = 3000, ["Isnumeric"] = 120000, ["Iso2continent"] = 84000, ["Iso2country"] = 26000, ["Iso2country/article"] = 25000, ["Iso2country/data"] = 26000, ["Issubst"] = 64000, ["Italic_dab2"] = 5900, ["Italic_disambiguation"] = 2400, ["Italic_title"] = 258000, ["Italic_title_prefixed"] = 8800, ["Italictitle"] = 3000, ["Ivmbox"] = 142000, ["Ivory_messagebox"] = 189000, ["Ivory_messagebox/styles.css"] = 189000, ["Module:I18n/complex_date"] = 48000, ["Module:IP"] = 148000, ["Module:IPA"] = 184000, ["Module:IPA/data"] = 166000, ["Module:IPA/styles.css"] = 151000, ["Module:IPA_symbol"] = 6800, ["Module:IPA_symbol/data"] = 6800, ["Module:IPAc-en"] = 56000, ["Module:IPAc-en/data"] = 56000, ["Module:IPAc-en/phonemes"] = 56000, ["Module:IPAc-en/pronunciation"] = 56000, ["Module:IPAddress"] = 253000, ["Module:ISO_3166"] = 910000, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/AT"] = 2500, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/BA"] = 3400, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/CA"] = 2600, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/CH"] = 4200, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/CN"] = 2800, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/CZ"] = 6600, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/DE"] = 15000, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/ES"] = 3700, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/FR"] = 38000, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/GB"] = 7200, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/GR"] = 3500, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/IN"] = 29000, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/IR"] = 24000, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/IT"] = 2500, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/National"] = 910000, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/PL"] = 7600, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/RS"] = 3200, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/RU"] = 27000, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/UA"] = 2200, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/US"] = 87000, ["Module:ISO_639_name"] = 34000, ["Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639-1"] = 29000, ["Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639-2"] = 21000, ["Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639-2B"] = 20000, ["Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639-3"] = 20000, ["Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639-3_(dep)"] = 34000, ["Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639-5"] = 19000, ["Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639_deprecated"] = 34000, ["Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639_name_to_code"] = 4600, ["Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639_override"] = 34000, ["Module:ISOdate"] = 48000, ["Module:Ice_hockey_box"] = 2000, ["Module:Icon"] = 678000, ["Module:Icon/data"] = 678000, ["Module:Icon_box"] = 261000, ["Module:Icon_box/data"] = 261000, ["Module:If_any_equal"] = 254000, ["Module:If_empty"] = 6750000, ["Module:If_in_category"] = 164000, ["Module:If_in_page"] = 22000, ["Module:If_not_given_or_empty"] = 90000, ["Module:If_preview"] = 1780000, ["Module:If_preview/configuration"] = 1780000, ["Module:If_preview/styles.css"] = 1780000, ["Module:In_lang"] = 389000, ["Module:Indent"] = 2300, ["Module:Infobox"] = 4690000, ["Module:Infobox/dates"] = 78000, ["Module:Infobox/styles.css"] = 4960000, ["Module:Infobox/utilities"] = 2600, ["Module:Infobox3cols"] = 321000, ["Module:InfoboxBuilder"] = 2600, ["Module:InfoboxImage"] = 5620000, ["Module:InfoboxImage/data"] = 3360000, ["Module:Infobox_body_of_water_tracking"] = 19000, ["Module:Infobox_cyclist_tracking"] = 17000, ["Module:Infobox_dim"] = 380000, ["Module:Infobox_dim/data"] = 233000, ["Module:Infobox_election"] = 42000, ["Module:Infobox_gene"] = 13000, ["Module:Infobox_gene/orthologs"] = 13000, ["Module:Infobox_mapframe"] = 1680000, ["Module:Infobox_military_conflict"] = 28000, ["Module:Infobox_military_conflict/styles.css"] = 28000, ["Module:Infobox_multi-lingual_name"] = 23000, ["Module:Infobox_multi-lingual_name/data"] = 23000, ["Module:Infobox_power_station"] = 3400, ["Module:Infobox_road"] = 26000, ["Module:Infobox_road/browselinks"] = 26000, ["Module:Infobox_road/errors"] = 25000, ["Module:Infobox_road/length"] = 26000, ["Module:Infobox_road/locations"] = 25000, ["Module:Infobox_road/map"] = 25000, ["Module:Infobox_road/route"] = 26000, ["Module:Infobox_road/sections"] = 25000, ["Module:Infobox_ship"] = 43000, ["Module:Infobox_ship/data"] = 43000, ["Module:Infobox_ship/styles.css"] = 43000, ["Module:Infobox_television"] = 64000, ["Module:Infobox_television_disambiguation_check"] = 72000, ["Module:Infobox_television_episode"] = 13000, ["Module:Infobox_television_season_disambiguation_check"] = 10000, ["Module:Infobox_television_season_name"] = 11000, ["Module:Internet_Archive"] = 22000, ["Module:Is_article"] = 2400, ["Module:Is_infobox_in_lead"] = 462000, ["Module:Is_instance"] = 354000, ["Module:Iso2nationality"] = 96000, ["Module:Italic_title"] = 1260000, ["Module:Italic_title2"] = 5900, } f59r1v4rv06727mvk0ay21dkv2ts0ev 366705 366704 2026-08-23T13:30:15Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Module:Transclusion_count/data/I]] 366704 Scribunto text/plain return { ["IAST"] = 6300, ["IA_SCOTUS_URL"] = 3300, ["IBDB_name"] = 9800, ["ICD10"] = 5000, ["ICD9"] = 4400, ["ICS"] = 3500, ["ICS_flag"] = 3500, ["IDN"] = 3800, ["IMDb_episode"] = 11000, ["IMDb_episodes"] = 4200, ["IMDb_name"] = 173000, ["IMDb_title"] = 211000, ["IMO_Number"] = 4500, ["IMSLP"] = 9200, ["INA"] = 2400, ["IND"] = 8600, ["INR"] = 6500, ["INRConvert"] = 6700, ["INRConvert/CurrentRate"] = 6700, ["INRConvert/USD"] = 6600, ["INRConvert/out"] = 6700, ["IOBDB_name"] = 2100, ["IP"] = 2800, ["IPA"] = 182000, ["IPA_audio_link"] = 5100, ["IPA_link"] = 5100, ["IPAblink"] = 2600, ["IPAc-cmn"] = 2800, ["IPAc-en"] = 56000, ["IPAc-pl"] = 51000, ["IPSummary"] = 82000, ["IP_summary"] = 83000, ["IPtalk"] = 18000, ["IPuser"] = 7600, ["IPvandal"] = 2800, ["IRC"] = 7100, ["IRI"] = 2500, ["IRL"] = 6100, ["IRN"] = 4000, ["ISBN"] = 475000, ["ISBN?"] = 2500, ["ISBNT"] = 46000, ["ISBN_missing"] = 3200, ["ISFDB_name"] = 4300, ["ISFDB_title"] = 5100, ["ISL"] = 2300, ["ISO_15924/script-example-character"] = 3100, ["ISO_15924/wp-article"] = 3100, ["ISO_15924/wp-article/format"] = 3100, ["ISO_15924/wp-article/label"] = 3000, ["ISO_3166_code"] = 240000, ["ISO_3166_name"] = 16000, ["ISO_639_name"] = 28000, ["ISP"] = 3700, ["ISR"] = 5800, ["ISSN"] = 12000, ["ISSN_link"] = 33000, ["ISTAT"] = 8100, ["ISU_figure_skater"] = 2300, ["ITA"] = 20000, ["ITF"] = 6800, ["ITF_profile"] = 2600, ["ITIS"] = 5900, ["ITN_talk"] = 13000, ["ITN_talk/date"] = 13000, ["IUCN_banner"] = 15000, ["I_sup"] = 4900, ["Ice_hockey_box"] = 2000, ["Ice_hockey_stats"] = 20000, ["Icehockeystats"] = 11000, ["Icelandic_name"] = 2100, ["Icon"] = 666000, ["If"] = 433000, ["If_all"] = 7800, ["If_autoconfirmed"] = 2200, ["If_between"] = 4800, ["If_both"] = 208000, ["If_dark"] = 4000, ["If_dark/styles.css"] = 4000, ["If_either"] = 22000, ["If_empty"] = 6720000, ["If_first_display_both"] = 122000, ["If_in_category"] = 164000, ["If_in_page"] = 22000, ["If_last_display_both"] = 38000, ["If_mobile"] = 2100, ["If_mobile/styles.css"] = 3000, ["If_preview"] = 66000, ["If_then_show"] = 135000, ["Ifempty"] = 943000, ["Ifeq"] = 83000, ["Iferror_then_show"] = 4000, ["Ifexist_not_redirect"] = 1910000, ["Ifnotempty"] = 18000, ["Ifnoteq_then_show"] = 2300, ["Ifnumber"] = 75000, ["Ifsubst"] = 1020000, ["Ih"] = 8100, ["Ill"] = 255000, ["Illm"] = 5900, ["Image_frame"] = 6200, ["Image_label"] = 4700, ["Image_label_begin"] = 4100, ["Image_label_end"] = 4100, ["Image_label_small"] = 2600, ["Image_needed"] = 4500, ["Image_other"] = 190000, ["Image_requested"] = 136000, ["Image_requested/Category_helper"] = 126000, ["Imbox"] = 998000, ["Imdb_name"] = 5300, ["Imdb_title"] = 2800, ["Importance"] = 15000, ["Importance/colour"] = 30000, ["Importance_mask"] = 621000, ["Improve_categories"] = 7500, ["Improve_documentation"] = 4200, ["Improve_plot"] = 4100, ["In_class"] = 5600, ["In_lang"] = 388000, ["In_progress"] = 3800, ["In_string"] = 307000, ["In_title"] = 30000, ["Inactive_userpage_blanked"] = 3900, ["Inaturalist_taxon"] = 3800, ["Include-USGov"] = 25000, ["Incomplete_list"] = 24000, ["Inconclusive"] = 2300, ["Increase"] = 61000, ["Incumbent_pope"] = 4400, ["Indent"] = 2300, ["Indented_plain_list"] = 2700, ["Indented_plainlist"] = 2600, ["Independent_sources"] = 10000, ["IndexFungorum"] = 2100, ["Indian_English"] = 5000, ["Indian_railway_code"] = 3600, ["Indian_rupee"] = 12000, ["Inflation"] = 27000, ["Inflation-fn"] = 5800, ["Inflation-year"] = 4300, ["Inflation/IN/startyear"] = 6700, ["Inflation/UK"] = 5500, ["Inflation/UK/dataset"] = 5500, ["Inflation/UK/startyear"] = 5500, ["Inflation/US"] = 16000, ["Inflation/US-GDP"] = 3000, ["Inflation/US-GDP/dataset"] = 3000, ["Inflation/US-GDP/startyear"] = 3000, ["Inflation/US/dataset"] = 16000, ["Inflation/US/startyear"] = 16000, ["Inflation/fn"] = 7500, ["Inflation/year"] = 34000, ["Info"] = 5600, ["Infobox"] = 3420000, ["Infobox/Columns"] = 3300, ["Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"] = 175000, ["Infobox/styles-images.css"] = 20000, ["Infobox3cols"] = 28000, ["Infobox_AFL_biography"] = 15000, ["Infobox_Athletics_Championships"] = 3400, ["Infobox_Australian_place"] = 15000, ["Infobox_Australian_place/styles.css"] = 15000, ["Infobox_Australian_place/table"] = 11000, ["Infobox_COA_wide"] = 3700, ["Infobox_Canada_electoral_district"] = 2700, ["Infobox_Chinese"] = 23000, ["Infobox_Chinese/Chinese"] = 3200, ["Infobox_Chinese/Footer"] = 7200, ["Infobox_Chinese/Header"] = 7200, ["Infobox_Christian_leader"] = 23000, ["Infobox_French_commune"] = 38000, ["Infobox_French_subdivision"] = 2200, ["Infobox_Gaelic_games_biography"] = 5500, ["Infobox_Gaelic_games_player"] = 3000, ["Infobox_German_location"] = 11000, ["Infobox_German_place"] = 14000, ["Infobox_Grand_Prix_race_report"] = 2200, ["Infobox_Greece_place"] = 3600, ["Infobox_Greek_Dimos"] = 2900, ["Infobox_Hindu_temple"] = 2900, ["Infobox_Indian_constituency"] = 5800, ["Infobox_Indian_constituency/defaultdata"] = 5800, ["Infobox_Italian_comune"] = 8100, ["Infobox_Korean"] = 2200, ["Infobox_Korean/auto"] = 14000, ["Infobox_Korean/auto/categories"] = 14000, ["Infobox_Korean/base"] = 2300, ["Infobox_Korean/base/auto"] = 18000, ["Infobox_Korean/categories"] = 2200, ["Infobox_Korean_name"] = 2200, ["Infobox_Korean_name/auto"] = 14000, ["Infobox_Korean_television_name"] = 3400, ["Infobox_NASCAR_driver"] = 2400, ["Infobox_NASCAR_race_report"] = 2700, ["Infobox_NCAA_basketball_conference_tournament"] = 2100, ["Infobox_NCAA_team_season"] = 10000, ["Infobox_NFL_biography"] = 27000, ["Infobox_NFL_team_season"] = 2300, ["Infobox_NRHP"] = 74000, ["Infobox_NRHP/conv"] = 19000, ["Infobox_NRHP/locmapin2region"] = 68000, ["Infobox_Olympic_event"] = 8100, ["Infobox_Olympic_event/event_link"] = 8100, ["Infobox_Olympic_event/games_text"] = 8100, ["Infobox_Pan_American_Games_event"] = 2900, ["Infobox_Paralympic_event"] = 2900, ["Infobox_Paralympic_event/games_text"] = 2900, ["Infobox_Romanian_subdivision"] = 3200, ["Infobox_Russian_district"] = 2100, ["Infobox_Russian_inhabited_locality"] = 4700, ["Infobox_Russian_inhabited_locality/PosMapFS"] = 4200, ["Infobox_Russian_inhabited_locality/federal_subject"] = 4600, ["Infobox_SCOTUS_case"] = 4600, ["Infobox_SSSI"] = 2000, ["Infobox_Site_of_Special_Scientific_Interest"] = 2100, ["Infobox_Slovak_place"] = 3000, ["Infobox_Swiss_town"] = 2900, ["Infobox_Switzerland_municipality"] = 2900, ["Infobox_Turkey_place"] = 20000, ["Infobox_U.S._county"] = 3000, ["Infobox_U.S._county/district"] = 3000, ["Infobox_U.S._legislation"] = 2100, ["Infobox_UK_constituency"] = 2200, ["Infobox_UK_constituency/year"] = 2200, ["Infobox_UK_legislation"] = 6400, ["Infobox_UK_place"] = 27000, ["Infobox_UK_place/NoDialCode"] = 8200, ["Infobox_UK_place/NoPostCode"] = 3600, ["Infobox_UK_place/area"] = 2700, ["Infobox_UK_place/dens"] = 2300, ["Infobox_UK_place/dist"] = 2800, ["Infobox_UK_place/local"] = 27000, ["Infobox_UK_place/styles.css"] = 27000, ["Infobox_UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site"] = 2100, ["Infobox_UN_resolution"] = 2300, ["Infobox_US_Supreme_Court_case"] = 4800, ["Infobox_US_Supreme_Court_case/courts"] = 4800, ["Infobox_United_States_legislative_district"] = 2700, ["Infobox_United_States_legislative_district/representative"] = 2700, ["Infobox_Wikipedia_user"] = 12000, ["Infobox_academic"] = 27000, ["Infobox_aircraft"] = 13000, ["Infobox_aircraft/styles.css"] = 14000, ["Infobox_aircraft_occurrence"] = 2900, ["Infobox_airline"] = 4800, ["Infobox_airline/styles.css"] = 4800, ["Infobox_airport"] = 14000, ["Infobox_airport/datatable"] = 13000, ["Infobox_airport/styles.css"] = 14000, ["Infobox_album"] = 169000, ["Infobox_album/color"] = 208000, ["Infobox_album/link"] = 169000, ["Infobox_anatomy"] = 4500, ["Infobox_animanga/Footer"] = 7800, ["Infobox_animanga/Header"] = 7800, ["Infobox_animanga/Print"] = 6700, ["Infobox_animanga/Video"] = 5100, ["Infobox_architect"] = 4500, ["Infobox_artist"] = 35000, ["Infobox_artist_discography"] = 6500, ["Infobox_artwork"] = 16000, ["Infobox_automobile"] = 9300, ["Infobox_award"] = 16000, ["Infobox_badminton_player"] = 3300, ["Infobox_baseball_biography"] = 30000, ["Infobox_baseball_biography/style"] = 30000, ["Infobox_baseball_biography/styles.css"] = 30000, ["Infobox_baseball_team_season"] = 3300, ["Infobox_baseball_team_season/leagueseason"] = 3300, ["Infobox_baseball_team_season/season"] = 3300, ["Infobox_baseball_team_season/styles.css"] = 3300, ["Infobox_basketball_biography"] = 23000, ["Infobox_basketball_biography/style"] = 23000, ["Infobox_basketball_club"] = 3300, ["Infobox_basketball_club/styles.css"] = 3300, ["Infobox_beauty_pageant"] = 2200, ["Infobox_bilateral_relations"] = 5000, ["Infobox_bishop_styles"] = 2500, ["Infobox_body_of_water"] = 19000, ["Infobox_book"] = 63000, ["Infobox_book/styles.css"] = 63000, ["Infobox_boxer"] = 6500, ["Infobox_brand"] = 2200, ["Infobox_brand/styles.css"] = 2200, ["Infobox_bridge"] = 6800, ["Infobox_building"] = 34000, ["Infobox_bus_company"] = 2000, ["Infobox_cemetery"] = 2100, ["Infobox_character"] = 8400, ["Infobox_character/styles.css"] = 8500, ["Infobox_chess_biography"] = 4800, ["Infobox_chess_player"] = 3800, ["Infobox_church"] = 17000, ["Infobox_church/denomination"] = 17000, ["Infobox_church/font_color"] = 17000, ["Infobox_civil_conflict"] = 3200, ["Infobox_civilian_attack"] = 7700, ["Infobox_college_coach"] = 13000, ["Infobox_college_football_game"] = 2300, ["Infobox_college_football_player"] = 2600, ["Infobox_college_sports_team_season"] = 45000, ["Infobox_college_sports_team_season/link"] = 45000, ["Infobox_college_sports_team_season/name"] = 45000, ["Infobox_college_sports_team_season/succession"] = 45000, ["Infobox_college_sports_team_season/team"] = 45000, ["Infobox_comedian"] = 2200, ["Infobox_comic_book_title"] = 3200, ["Infobox_comics_character"] = 3500, ["Infobox_comics_creator"] = 3600, ["Infobox_comics_creator/styles.css"] = 3600, ["Infobox_company"] = 93000, ["Infobox_company/styles.css"] = 93000, ["Infobox_computing_device"] = 2600, ["Infobox_concert"] = 3900, ["Infobox_constituency"] = 7900, ["Infobox_country"] = 7200, ["Infobox_country/formernext"] = 6700, ["Infobox_country/imagetable"] = 5700, ["Infobox_country/multirow"] = 9300, ["Infobox_country/status_text"] = 3100, ["Infobox_country/styles.css"] = 7300, ["Infobox_country_at_games"] = 17000, ["Infobox_country_at_games/core"] = 17000, ["Infobox_country_at_games/see_also"] = 14000, ["Infobox_court_case"] = 5300, ["Infobox_court_case/images"] = 2900, ["Infobox_court_case/styles.css"] = 5300, ["Infobox_cricket_tournament"] = 2800, ["Infobox_cricketer"] = 32000, ["Infobox_cricketer/career"] = 32000, ["Infobox_cricketer/national_side"] = 7700, ["Infobox_criminal"] = 7800, ["Infobox_curler"] = 2800, ["Infobox_cycling_race_report"] = 5000, ["Infobox_cyclist"] = 17000, ["Infobox_dam"] = 5900, ["Infobox_deity"] = 2300, ["Infobox_deity/color"] = 2300, ["Infobox_designation_list"] = 32000, ["Infobox_designation_list/entry"] = 23000, ["Infobox_dim"] = 6400, ["Infobox_diocese"] = 4100, ["Infobox_drug"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/chemical_formula"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/data_page_link"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatATC"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatCASnumber"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatChEBI"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatChEMBL"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatChemDBNIAID"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatChemSpider"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatCompTox"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatDrugBank"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatIUPHARBPS"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatJmol"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatKEGG"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatPDBligand"] = 11000, ["Infobox_drug/formatPubChemCID"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatPubChemSID"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/formatUNII"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/legal_status"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/licence"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/maintenance_categories"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/non-ref-space"] = 4000, ["Infobox_drug/pregnancy_category"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/styles.css"] = 12000, ["Infobox_drug/title"] = 12000, ["Infobox_economist"] = 2000, ["Infobox_election"] = 41000, ["Infobox_election/shortname"] = 2600, ["Infobox_election/styles.css"] = 41000, ["Infobox_enzyme"] = 5100, ["Infobox_ethnic_group"] = 8100, ["Infobox_event"] = 7800, ["Infobox_family"] = 2800, ["Infobox_field_hockey_player"] = 2600, ["Infobox_figure_skater"] = 4000, ["Infobox_film"] = 170000, ["Infobox_film/short_description"] = 166000, ["Infobox_film_awards"] = 3200, ["Infobox_film_awards/link"] = 3200, ["Infobox_film_awards/style"] = 3200, ["Infobox_film_or_theatre_festival"] = 2100, ["Infobox_food"] = 7700, ["Infobox_football_biography"] = 219000, ["Infobox_football_club"] = 30000, ["Infobox_football_club_season"] = 24000, ["Infobox_football_league"] = 2800, ["Infobox_football_league_season"] = 22000, ["Infobox_football_match"] = 6800, ["Infobox_football_tournament"] = 2200, ["Infobox_football_tournament_season"] = 9400, ["Infobox_former_subdivision"] = 3700, ["Infobox_former_subdivision/styles.css"] = 3700, ["Infobox_galaxy"] = 3400, ["Infobox_game"] = 3100, ["Infobox_game_score"] = 3800, ["Infobox_games"] = 2100, ["Infobox_gene"] = 13000, ["Infobox_given_name"] = 4100, ["Infobox_golfer"] = 4900, ["Infobox_golfer/highest_ranking"] = 4900, ["Infobox_government_agency"] = 13000, ["Infobox_government_cabinet"] = 3600, ["Infobox_gridiron_football_biography"] = 40000, ["Infobox_gridiron_football_biography/position"] = 39000, ["Infobox_gridiron_football_team_season"] = 4100, ["Infobox_gymnast"] = 5900, ["Infobox_handball_biography"] = 5600, ["Infobox_historic_site"] = 22000, ["Infobox_holiday"] = 2200, ["Infobox_holiday/date"] = 2200, ["Infobox_horseraces"] = 2700, ["Infobox_hospital"] = 7000, ["Infobox_hospital/care_system"] = 7000, ["Infobox_hospital/lists"] = 7000, ["Infobox_hurling_championship"] = 2700, ["Infobox_ice_hockey_biography"] = 21000, ["Infobox_ice_hockey_player"] = 18000, ["Infobox_ice_hockey_team"] = 3300, ["Infobox_ice_hockey_team_season"] = 2200, ["Infobox_international_football_competition"] = 6800, ["Infobox_islands"] = 9700, ["Infobox_islands/area"] = 10000, ["Infobox_islands/density"] = 10000, ["Infobox_islands/length"] = 9700, ["Infobox_islands/styles.css"] = 9700, ["Infobox_journal"] = 10000, ["Infobox_journal/Abbreviation_search"] = 10000, ["Infobox_journal/Bluebook_check"] = 9900, ["Infobox_journal/Former_check"] = 9900, ["Infobox_journal/ISO_4_check"] = 9900, ["Infobox_journal/ISSN-eISSN"] = 9900, ["Infobox_journal/Indexing_search"] = 10000, ["Infobox_journal/MathSciNet_check"] = 9900, ["Infobox_journal/NLM_check"] = 9900, ["Infobox_journal/frequency"] = 9100, ["Infobox_journal/openaccess"] = 2700, ["Infobox_judoka"] = 2800, ["Infobox_lake"] = 3800, ["Infobox_language"] = 10000, ["Infobox_language/family-color"] = 12000, ["Infobox_language/genetic"] = 7000, ["Infobox_language/lingualist"] = 11000, ["Infobox_language/linguistlist"] = 10000, ["Infobox_language/ref"] = 7400, ["Infobox_law_enforcement_agency"] = 2200, ["Infobox_legislation"] = 2800, ["Infobox_legislative_district"] = 2300, ["Infobox_legislative_election"] = 2700, ["Infobox_legislative_election/row"] = 2600, ["Infobox_legislative_election/styles.css"] = 2700, ["Infobox_legislative_term"] = 2100, ["Infobox_legislature"] = 4400, ["Infobox_library"] = 2500, ["Infobox_lighthouse"] = 2600, ["Infobox_lighthouse/light"] = 2700, ["Infobox_locomotive"] = 5000, ["Infobox_magazine"] = 8300, ["Infobox_manner_of_address"] = 4200, ["Infobox_martial_artist"] = 6300, ["Infobox_martial_artist/record"] = 6300, ["Infobox_medal_templates"] = 478000, ["Infobox_medical_condition"] = 9900, ["Infobox_medical_condition_(new)"] = 6300, ["Infobox_medical_details"] = 2600, ["Infobox_medical_person"] = 2400, ["Infobox_militant_organization"] = 2200, ["Infobox_military_conflict"] = 28000, ["Infobox_military_installation"] = 11000, ["Infobox_military_person"] = 54000, ["Infobox_military_unit"] = 29000, ["Infobox_mine"] = 2300, ["Infobox_mineral"] = 2000, ["Infobox_mobile_phone"] = 2500, ["Infobox_mobile_phone/size"] = 2100, ["Infobox_mobile_phone/weight"] = 2200, ["Infobox_model"] = 2300, ["Infobox_monument"] = 2800, ["Infobox_mountain"] = 30000, ["Infobox_multi-sport_competition_event"] = 2800, ["Infobox_museum"] = 12000, ["Infobox_musical_artist"] = 131000, ["Infobox_musical_artist/hCard_class"] = 122000, ["Infobox_musical_composition"] = 3700, ["Infobox_name"] = 8800, ["Infobox_name_module"] = 9500, ["Infobox_newspaper"] = 11000, ["Infobox_newspaper/styles.css"] = 11000, ["Infobox_noble"] = 7800, ["Infobox_officeholder"] = 281000, ["Infobox_officeholder/office"] = 288000, ["Infobox_official_post"] = 9900, ["Infobox_organization"] = 43000, ["Infobox_pageant_titleholder"] = 3100, ["Infobox_park"] = 9900, ["Infobox_person"] = 623000, ["Infobox_person/Wikidata"] = 5000, ["Infobox_person/height"] = 116000, ["Infobox_person/length"] = 7700, ["Infobox_person/weight"] = 74000, ["Infobox_philosopher"] = 3800, ["Infobox_planet"] = 4800, ["Infobox_play"] = 4600, ["Infobox_political_party"] = 16000, ["Infobox_power_station"] = 3400, ["Infobox_prepared_food"] = 2500, ["Infobox_professional_wrestler"] = 4800, ["Infobox_professional_wrestling_event"] = 3400, ["Infobox_protected_area"] = 15000, ["Infobox_protein_family"] = 2200, ["Infobox_publisher"] = 2600, ["Infobox_racehorse"] = 6000, ["Infobox_racing_driver"] = 5900, ["Infobox_racing_driver_series_section"] = 2900, ["Infobox_radio_station"] = 22000, ["Infobox_radio_station/styles.css"] = 22000, ["Infobox_rail"] = 3200, ["Infobox_rail_line"] = 8100, ["Infobox_rail_service"] = 3300, ["Infobox_reality_competition_season"] = 4300, ["Infobox_record_label"] = 4200, ["Infobox_recurring_event"] = 8100, ["Infobox_religious_biography"] = 7200, ["Infobox_religious_building"] = 15000, ["Infobox_religious_building/color"] = 21000, ["Infobox_restaurant"] = 4700, ["Infobox_river"] = 32000, ["Infobox_river/calcunit"] = 32000, ["Infobox_river/discharge"] = 32000, ["Infobox_river/row-style"] = 32000, ["Infobox_river/source"] = 32000, ["Infobox_road"] = 25000, ["Infobox_road/meta/mask/category"] = 24000, ["Infobox_road/meta/mask/country"] = 25000, ["Infobox_road/styles.css"] = 26000, ["Infobox_road_small"] = 2500, ["Infobox_rockunit"] = 6500, ["Infobox_royalty"] = 26000, ["Infobox_royalty/short_description"] = 8800, ["Infobox_rugby_biography"] = 19000, ["Infobox_rugby_biography/correct_date"] = 19000, ["Infobox_rugby_biography/depcheck"] = 19000, ["Infobox_rugby_league_biography"] = 11000, ["Infobox_rugby_league_biography/PLAYER"] = 11000, ["Infobox_rugby_team"] = 2700, ["Infobox_sailboat_specifications"] = 2300, ["Infobox_saint"] = 5500, ["Infobox_school"] = 40000, ["Infobox_school/short_description"] = 40000, ["Infobox_school/styles.css"] = 40000, ["Infobox_school_district"] = 6500, ["Infobox_school_district/styles.css"] = 6500, ["Infobox_scientist"] = 57000, ["Infobox_settlement"] = 597000, ["Infobox_settlement/areadisp"] = 259000, ["Infobox_settlement/columns"] = 108000, ["Infobox_settlement/columns/styles.css"] = 108000, ["Infobox_settlement/densdisp"] = 457000, ["Infobox_settlement/lengthdisp"] = 182000, ["Infobox_settlement/link"] = 108000, ["Infobox_settlement/styles.css"] = 597000, ["Infobox_ship"] = 43000, ["Infobox_ship/career"] = 39000, ["Infobox_ship/characteristics"] = 43000, ["Infobox_ship/class_overview"] = 4400, ["Infobox_ship/image"] = 42000, ["Infobox_ship/service_record"] = 2500, ["Infobox_shopping_mall"] = 3800, ["Infobox_short_story"] = 2700, ["Infobox_skier"] = 2700, ["Infobox_soap_character"] = 3100, ["Infobox_social_media_personality"] = 4400, ["Infobox_software"] = 14000, ["Infobox_software/simple"] = 15000, ["Infobox_song"] = 84000, ["Infobox_song/color"] = 84000, ["Infobox_song/link"] = 84000, ["Infobox_song_contest_national_year"] = 2000, ["Infobox_song_contest_national_year/Year"] = 2100, ["Infobox_spaceflight"] = 4100, ["Infobox_spaceflight/styles.css"] = 4100, ["Infobox_speed_skater"] = 2000, ["Infobox_sport_event"] = 2800, ["Infobox_sports_competition_event"] = 24000, ["Infobox_sports_competition_event/medalrow"] = 15000, ["Infobox_sports_league"] = 5700, ["Infobox_sports_season"] = 7000, ["Infobox_sports_team"] = 2300, ["Infobox_sportsperson"] = 160000, ["Infobox_stadium"] = 2600, ["Infobox_station"] = 58000, ["Infobox_station/services"] = 58000, ["Infobox_station/styles.css"] = 58000, ["Infobox_street"] = 4500, ["Infobox_swimmer"] = 11000, ["Infobox_television"] = 64000, ["Infobox_television/Short_description"] = 62000, ["Infobox_television/styles.css"] = 64000, ["Infobox_television_channel"] = 6700, ["Infobox_television_channel/styles.css"] = 6700, ["Infobox_television_episode"] = 13000, ["Infobox_television_episode/styles.css"] = 14000, ["Infobox_television_season"] = 11000, ["Infobox_television_station"] = 3200, ["Infobox_television_station/styles.css"] = 3300, ["Infobox_tennis_biography"] = 11000, ["Infobox_tennis_event"] = 3400, ["Infobox_tennis_tournament"] = 2000, ["Infobox_tennis_tournament/heading"] = 2000, ["Infobox_tennis_tournament/style"] = 2000, ["Infobox_tennis_tournament_event"] = 22000, ["Infobox_tennis_tournament_year"] = 11000, ["Infobox_tennis_tournament_year/color"] = 33000, ["Infobox_tennis_tournament_year/footer"] = 33000, ["Infobox_tournament_season"] = 13000, ["Infobox_train"] = 2600, ["Infobox_university"] = 26000, ["Infobox_user"] = 3000, ["Infobox_venue"] = 20000, ["Infobox_video_game"] = 30000, ["Infobox_video_game/styles.css"] = 30000, ["Infobox_volleyball_biography"] = 5900, ["Infobox_weapon"] = 8100, ["Infobox_weather_event"] = 3500, ["Infobox_weather_event/Effects"] = 3300, ["Infobox_weather_event/Footer"] = 3400, ["Infobox_weather_event/History"] = 3300, ["Infobox_weather_event/SSHWS"] = 2000, ["Infobox_weather_event/meteorology"] = 3200, ["Infobox_weather_event/scale"] = 2100, ["Infobox_weather_event/styles.css"] = 3500, ["Infobox_website"] = 8300, ["Infobox_writer"] = 45000, ["Information"] = 98000, ["Information/styles.css"] = 98000, ["Inlang"] = 2400, ["Inline"] = 3800, ["Inline_block"] = 5400, ["Inprogress"] = 2600, ["Input_link"] = 32000, ["Instagram"] = 20000, ["InterSportStats"] = 5900, ["Interlanguage_link"] = 302000, ["Interlanguage_link_multi"] = 9400, ["International_Paralympic_Committee"] = 4300, ["International_football_primary_link"] = 3500, ["International_football_primary_style"] = 3600, ["International_football_secondary_style"] = 3400, ["Internet_Archive"] = 2200, ["Internet_Archive_SCOTUS_URL"] = 3300, ["Internet_Archive_author"] = 19000, ["Internet_Archive_film"] = 2600, ["Intitle"] = 22000, ["Ip"] = 2100, ["Iptalk"] = 18000, ["IranCensus2006"] = 29000, ["IranNCSGN"] = 3100, ["Iran_Census_2006"] = 30000, ["Irish_place_name"] = 3000, ["IsIPAddress"] = 45000, ["IsValidPageName"] = 3400, ["Is_MLB_league"] = 3300, ["Is_NPB_league"] = 3300, ["Is_continent"] = 13000, ["Is_country_in_Central_America"] = 17000, ["Is_country_in_the_Caribbean"] = 17000, ["Is_interwiki_link"] = 6500, ["Is_italic_taxon"] = 654000, ["Is_redirect"] = 383000, ["Is_time"] = 6700, ["Is_valid_page_name"] = 3400, ["Isbn"] = 10000, ["Isnum"] = 3000, ["Isnumeric"] = 120000, ["Iso2continent"] = 84000, ["Iso2country"] = 26000, ["Iso2country/article"] = 25000, ["Iso2country/data"] = 26000, ["Issubst"] = 64000, ["Italic_dab2"] = 5900, ["Italic_disambiguation"] = 2400, ["Italic_title"] = 258000, ["Italic_title_prefixed"] = 8800, ["Italictitle"] = 3000, ["Ivmbox"] = 142000, ["Ivory_messagebox"] = 189000, ["Ivory_messagebox/styles.css"] = 189000, ["Module:I18n/complex_date"] = 48000, ["Module:IP"] = 148000, ["Module:IPA"] = 184000, ["Module:IPA/data"] = 166000, ["Module:IPA/styles.css"] = 151000, ["Module:IPA_symbol"] = 6800, ["Module:IPA_symbol/data"] = 6800, ["Module:IPAc-en"] = 56000, ["Module:IPAc-en/data"] = 56000, ["Module:IPAc-en/phonemes"] = 56000, ["Module:IPAc-en/pronunciation"] = 56000, ["Module:IPAddress"] = 253000, ["Module:ISO_3166"] = 910000, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/AT"] = 2500, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/BA"] = 3400, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/CA"] = 2600, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/CH"] = 4200, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/CN"] = 2800, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/CZ"] = 6600, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/DE"] = 15000, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/ES"] = 3700, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/FR"] = 38000, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/GB"] = 7200, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/GR"] = 3500, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/IN"] = 29000, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/IR"] = 24000, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/IT"] = 2500, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/National"] = 910000, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/PL"] = 7600, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/RS"] = 3200, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/RU"] = 27000, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/UA"] = 2200, ["Module:ISO_3166/data/US"] = 87000, ["Module:ISO_639_name"] = 34000, ["Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639-1"] = 29000, ["Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639-2"] = 21000, ["Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639-2B"] = 20000, ["Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639-3"] = 20000, ["Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639-3_(dep)"] = 34000, ["Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639-5"] = 19000, ["Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639_deprecated"] = 34000, ["Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639_name_to_code"] = 4600, ["Module:ISO_639_name/ISO_639_override"] = 34000, ["Module:ISOdate"] = 48000, ["Module:Ice_hockey_box"] = 2000, ["Module:Icon"] = 678000, ["Module:Icon/data"] = 678000, ["Module:Icon_box"] = 261000, ["Module:Icon_box/data"] = 261000, ["Module:If_any_equal"] = 254000, ["Module:If_empty"] = 6750000, ["Module:If_in_category"] = 164000, ["Module:If_in_page"] = 22000, ["Module:If_not_given_or_empty"] = 90000, ["Module:If_preview"] = 1780000, ["Module:If_preview/configuration"] = 1780000, ["Module:If_preview/styles.css"] = 1780000, ["Module:In_lang"] = 389000, ["Module:Indent"] = 2300, ["Module:Infobox"] = 4690000, ["Module:Infobox/dates"] = 78000, ["Module:Infobox/styles.css"] = 4960000, ["Module:Infobox/utilities"] = 2600, ["Module:Infobox3cols"] = 321000, ["Module:InfoboxBuilder"] = 2600, ["Module:InfoboxImage"] = 5620000, ["Module:InfoboxImage/data"] = 3360000, ["Module:Infobox_body_of_water_tracking"] = 19000, ["Module:Infobox_cyclist_tracking"] = 17000, ["Module:Infobox_dim"] = 380000, ["Module:Infobox_dim/data"] = 233000, ["Module:Infobox_election"] = 42000, ["Module:Infobox_gene"] = 13000, ["Module:Infobox_gene/orthologs"] = 13000, ["Module:Infobox_mapframe"] = 1680000, ["Module:Infobox_military_conflict"] = 28000, ["Module:Infobox_military_conflict/styles.css"] = 28000, ["Module:Infobox_multi-lingual_name"] = 23000, ["Module:Infobox_multi-lingual_name/data"] = 23000, ["Module:Infobox_power_station"] = 3400, ["Module:Infobox_road"] = 26000, ["Module:Infobox_road/browselinks"] = 26000, ["Module:Infobox_road/errors"] = 25000, ["Module:Infobox_road/length"] = 26000, ["Module:Infobox_road/locations"] = 25000, ["Module:Infobox_road/map"] = 25000, ["Module:Infobox_road/route"] = 26000, ["Module:Infobox_road/sections"] = 25000, ["Module:Infobox_ship"] = 43000, ["Module:Infobox_ship/data"] = 43000, ["Module:Infobox_ship/styles.css"] = 43000, ["Module:Infobox_television"] = 64000, ["Module:Infobox_television_disambiguation_check"] = 72000, ["Module:Infobox_television_episode"] = 13000, ["Module:Infobox_television_season_disambiguation_check"] = 10000, ["Module:Infobox_television_season_name"] = 11000, ["Module:Internet_Archive"] = 22000, ["Module:Is_article"] = 2400, ["Module:Is_infobox_in_lead"] = 462000, ["Module:Is_instance"] = 354000, ["Module:Iso2nationality"] = 96000, ["Module:Italic_title"] = 1260000, ["Module:Italic_title2"] = 5900, } f59r1v4rv06727mvk0ay21dkv2ts0ev 0 10046 366850 282327 2026-08-24T07:51:51Z ChiK 1136 /* ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು */ 366850 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox deity <!--Wikipedia:WikiProject Hindu mythology--> | type = ಹಿಂದೂ | image = | name = ವಿಷ್ಣು | Devanagari = विष्णु | Sanskrit_transliteration = ವಿಷ್ಣು | affiliation = [[ದಶಾವತಾರ]], [[ಪರಬ್ರಹ್ಮ]] ([[Vaishnavism]]), [[ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿ]], [[ಭಗವಾನ್]], [[ಈಶ್ವರ]], ತ್ರಿದೇವ್ | deity_of = ಪರಮಾತ್ಮೆ, ಪರಬ್ರಹ್ಮೆ, ದೇವೆರೆನ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ, ಎಡ್ಡೆಂತ್‌ನೆನ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ, ಇಡೀ ವಿಶ್ವೊನು ನಿಯಂತ್ರಿಸುನಾಯೆ, ಕರ್ಮ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ, [[ಮೋಕ್ಷ]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Wendy Doniger|title=Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780877790440 |url-access=registration|year=1999|publisher=Merriam-Webster|isbn=978-0-87779-044-0|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780877790440/page/1134 1134]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica|title=Encyclopedia of World Religions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dbibAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA445|year=2008|publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.|isbn=978-1-59339-491-2|pages=445–448}}</ref> | abode = [[ವೈಕುಂಠ]], [[ಕ್ಷೀರಸಾಗರ]] | mantra = ॐ नमो नारायणाय (ಓಂ ನಮೋ ನಾರಾಯಣ)<br /> ॐ नमो भगवते वासुदेवाय ([[ಓಂ ನಮೋ ಭಗವತೆ ನಾರಾಯಣ]]) | weapon = [[ಸುದರ್ಶನ ಚಕ್ರ]], Mace ([[Kaumodaki]] [[Gada (weapon)|gada]]), Conch ([[Panchajanya]])<ref name=jones492>{{cite book|author1=Constance Jones|author2=James D. Ryan|title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OgMmceadQ3gC |year=2006|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-0-8160-7564-5|pages=491–492}}</ref>, Bow ([[Sharanga]]), Sword ([[Nandaka]]) | consorts = [[ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ]] (ಶ್ರೀದೇವಿ, [[ಭೂದೇವಿ]], [[ನೀಲಾದೇವಿ]], [[ತುಳಸಿ]], [[ಪದ್ಮಾವತಿ]]) | children = [[ಬ್ರಹ್ಮ]] | mount = [[ಗರುಡ]]<ref name=jones492 /> | festivals = [[ಹೋಳಿ]], [[ರಾಮನವಮಿ]], [[ಕೃಷ್ಣ ಜನ್ಮಾಷ್ಟಮಿ]], ನರಸಿಂಹ ಜಯಂತಿ, [[ದೀಪಾವಳಿ]], [[ಓಣಂ]], [[ವಿವಾಹ ಪಂಚಮಿ]], [[ವಿಜಯದಶಮಿ]], [[ಅನಂತ ಚತುರ್ದಶಿ]], [[ದೇವಶಯನೀ ಏಕಾದಶಿ]], [[ಕಾರ್ತಿಕ ಪೌರ್ಣಮಿ]], [[ತುಳಸಿ ವಿವಾಹ]]<ref>{{cite book|author=Muriel Marion Underhill|title=The Hindu Religious Year|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Fb9Zc0yPVUUC |year=1991|publisher=Asian Educational Services|isbn=978-81-206-0523-7|pages=75–91}}</ref> | symbols = ಶಾಲಿಗ್ರಾಮ್, [[ಕಮಲ]] | siblings = [[ಆದಿಪರಾಶಕ್ತಿ]] alias [[ಪಾರ್ವತಿ]] (in some traditions) | member_of = [[ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿ]] | other_names = [[ನಾರಾಯಣ]], ಜಗನ್ನಾಥೆ, ಜಗದೀಶ್ವರೆ, ಸುರೇಶೆ, ಪದ್ಮನಾಭೆ, ರಮಾಪತಿ, ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿಪತಿ, ಕಮಲನಯನೆ }} '''ವಿಷ್ಣು''' [[ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿ]]ಲೆಡ್ ಒರಿಯೆ ಆದ್ ಇತ್ತ್‌ದ್, ಸಕಲ ಲೋಕೊಲೆನ ಪಾಲಕೆ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ಹಿಂದೂ ಧರ್ಮ ನಂಬುದುಂಡು. [[ಭಗವದ್ಗೀತೆ]]ಡ್ ವರ್ಣಿಸಾಯಿನಂಚ 'ವಿಶ್ವರೂಪಿ' [[ನಾರಾಯಣ]] ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್‌ಲಾ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಧರ್ಮ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗಾದ್ [[ದಶಾವತಾರ]] ರೂಪೊನು ತಾಲ್‌ದ್ [[ಭೂಲೋಕ]]ೊನು ರಕ್ಷಿಣೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನಾಯೆ ಪಂದ್ [[ಪುರಾಣ]]ೊಲು ಪುಗರುಂಡು. ವಿಷ್ಣು ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿಲೆಡ್ ಒರಿ. ವೈಷ್ಣವ ಪಂಥೊದ ಆರಾಧ್ಯದೈವ. ವಿಶ್ವರಕ್ಷಕೆ, ವಿಶ್ವದ ಚೈತನ್ಯ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಸಕಲ ಜೀವರಾಶಿಲೆನ್ ತನ್ನ ಶಕ್ತಿರ್ದ್ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಿಸುನಾಯೆ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ವಿಷ್ಣುನು ಪುರಾಣೊಲು ವರ್ಣಿಸವುಂಡು. ವೈಕುಂಠ ವಿಷ್ಣುನ ವಾಸಸ್ಥಾನ. ಮಹಾಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿ ವಿಷ್ಣುನ ಬುಡೆದಿ. ಭೂಲೋಕೊಡು ಪಾಪದ ಕೊಡಪಾನ ಜಿಂಜಿನಗ ವಿಷ್ಣು ಅವತಾರೊಲೆನ್ ಪಡೆವೊಂದು ಪಾಪೊಗು ಕಾರಣರಾಯಿನಕ್‌ಲೆಗ್ ಶಿಕ್ಷೆ ಕೊರ್ದ್, ಜನಕುಲೆನ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನಾಯೆ ಪನ್ಪುನ ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. ಕಷ್ಟೊಡು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಭಕ್ತೆರೆನ್ ಕಾಪಾಡ್‌ದ್ ಮುಕ್ತಿ ಕೊರ್ಪುನೆನ್ ತೂಂಡ ವಿಷ್ಣು ಜನಸಾಮಾನ್ಯರೆಗ್ ಸ್ಪಂದಿಸುನ ದೇವೆರಾದ್ ತೋಜಿದ್ ಬರ್ಪೆ. ವಿಷ್ಣು ಅವತಾರೊಲೆನ್ ತಾಳ್‍ನಪಗ ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿಲಾ ಅವತಾರೊಲೆನ್ ತಾಳ್‌ದ್ ಆಯನ ಬುಡೆದಿಯಾದ್ ಜನಕುಲೆನ್ ರಕ್ಷಿಸುನ ಕಾರ್ಯೊಡು ನೆರವು ಆವೊಂದು ಬರ್ಪಲ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. [[ಫೈಲ್:Maha Vishnu, 8th - 10th centuries, Stone sculpture, Thanjavur Palace Museum (2).jpg|thumb|Maha Vishnu, 8th – 10th centuries, Stone sculpture, Thanjavur Palace Museum (2)]] == ಪುಟ್ಟು == == ವಿಷ್ಣುನ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಪುದರುಲು == ವಿಷ್ಣುನು * ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀನಾರಾಯಣೆ, * ಹರಿ, * ಜನಾರ್ದನೆ, * ಮಾಧವೆ, * ಕೇಶವೆ, * ಅಚ್ಯುತೆ, * ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸೆ, * ಸಂಸ್ಕ್ಯತಿ ಇಂಚ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. == ವಿಷ್ಣುಗು ತಿಕ್ಕ್‌ನ ಶಾಪೊಲು == * ವಿಷ್ಣು ಜನಕುಲೆನ್ ರಕ್ಷಿಸುನ ದೇವೆರ್ ಅಂಡಲಾ ಕೆಲವು ಶಾಪೊಲೆಗ್ ತಿಕ್ಕುನವು ಪುರಾಣೊಲೆರ್ದ್ ತೆರಿಪಾವುಂಡು. ಒರ ವಿಷ್ಣು ಮಹಾಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿನ ಮೋನೆನ್ ತೂವೊಂದು ಕಾರಣ ಇಜ್ಜಂದೆ ತೆಲಿಪೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆ. ಉಂದೆನ್ ತೂದ್ ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿ ಎನ್ನ ಬಗೆಟ್ಟ್ ತಮಾಷೆ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದು ಉಲ್ಲೆ ಪಂಡ್‍ದ್ ತೆರಿಯೊಂದು ನಿನ್ನ ದೇಹೊರ್ದು ತರೆ ಬೇತೆ ಆವಡ್ ಪಂದ್ ಶಪಿಸಿಯಲ್. ಉಂದುವೇ ಸಂದರ್ಭೊಡು ಹಯಗ್ರೀವ ಪನ್ಪುನ ರಕ್ಕಸೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಾವಿರ ವರ್ಸೊ ಕಾಲ ಮುಟ್ಟ ತಪಸ್ಸು ಮಲ್ತ್‌‍ದ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವರಕುಲೆದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಕುದುರೆದ ತರೆ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಮಾನವರ್ದ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ಎಂಕ್ ಸಾವು ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ನನೊಂಜಿ ವರೊನು ಪಡೆವೊಂದು ಇತ್ತೆ. ಇಂಚ ಅದ್ಭುತ ಶಕ್ತಿನ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಹಯಗ್ರೀವೆ ದೇವಲೋಕೊಗು ಮುತ್ತಿಗೆ ಪಾಡಿಯೆ. ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿನ ಶಾಪದಂಚನೇ ವಿಷ್ಣು ಆಯನ ತರೆನ್ ಕಳೆವೊಂಡೆ. ಆಪಗ ವಿಶ್ವಕರ್ಮೆ ಕುದುರೆದ ತರೆನ್ ವಿಷ್ಣುನ ದೇಹೊಗು ಜೋಡಿಸಾಯೆ. ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿನ ಶಾಪೊರ್ದು ವಿಷ್ಣು ಹಯಗ್ರೀವ ಅಸುರನ್ ಕೆರುಯೆರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಂಡ್. * ದೇವಾಸುರೆರೆನ ನಡುಟ್ಟು ಆಪಗಪಗ ನಡತೊಂದು ಇತ್ತ್‌ನ ಯುದ್ಧೊಲೆಡ್ ಒರ ಅಸುರೆರೆಗ್ ಸೋಲು ಉಂಡಾಂಡ್. ಆಪಗ ಅಸುರೆರ್ ಭೃಗುಮುನಿನ ಬುಡೆದಿ ಆಯಿನ ಪ್ರಲೋಮನ ಕೈತಡೆ ಪೋದ್ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಕೇಂಡೆರ್. ಆಳ್ ದೇವತೆಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ತಪಸ್ಸನ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್‌ಲ್. ಉಂದೆನ್ ತೆರಿನ ವಿಷ್ಣು ಆಯನ ಸುದರ್ಶನ ಚಕ್ರೊನು ಪ್ರಯೋಗ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಆಲೆನ್ ಕೆರಿಯೆ. ಉಂದೆರ್ದ್ ಭೃಗು ಮುನಿಕ್ಕ್ ಕೋಪ ಬತ್ತ್‌ದ್, ಮಾನವ ಜನ್ಮಪಡೆದ್ ಬುಡೆದಿನ್ ಅಗಲ್‌ದ್ ವಿರಹ ವೇದನೆನ್ ಅನುಭವಿಸ್‌ಲ ಪಂದ್ ವಿಷ್ಣುಗು ಶಾಪ ಕೊರಿಯೆ. ಈ ಶಾಪನೇ ರಾಮಾವತಾರೊಗು ಕಾರಣ ಆಂಡ್. ಇಂಚ ವಿಷ್ಣು ಹಲವು ಶಾಪೊಲೆನ್ ಪಡೆದ್ ದೇವತೆಲೆನ ರಕ್ಷಣೆಗ್ ಕಾರಣ ಆಯೆ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಕಥೆಕುಲು ಮಸ್ರ್ ಉಂಡು. == ಸುದರ್ಶನ ಚಕ್ರ == * ವಿಷ್ಣುನ ಆಯುಧ '''ಸುದರ್ಶನ ಚಕ್ರ'''. ಉಂದೆತ್ತ ಉಗಮದ ಬಗೆಟ್ಟ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ರೀತಿದ ಕಥೆಕುಲು ಉಂಡು. ಕಾರ್ತಿಕ ಶುಕ್ಲ ಚರ್ತುದಶಿದ ದಿನ ವಿಷ್ಣು ಕಾಶೀ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರೊನು ಸೇರ್‌ದ್, ಸಾವಿರ ಕಮಲೊಲೆಡ್ ಶಿವನ್ ಪೂಜೆ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದು ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ, ಶಿವೆ ಆ ಕಮಲೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜೆನ್ ಅದೃಶ್ಯ ಮಲ್ತೆ. ವಿಷ್ಣು ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಆಯಿನ ಕಮಲ ಪುಷ್ಪದ ಬದಲ್‍ಗ್ ಆಯನ ಕಣ್ಣ್‌ಡೇ ಶಿವನ್ ಪೂಜೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ, ಶಿವೆ ಒಲಿದ್, ಆಯೆ ಜಲಂಧರೆ ಪನ್ಪುನ ದೈತ್ಯನ್ ಕೆರ್‌ನ ಆಯುಧನ್ ವಿಷ್ಣುಗು ಕೊರಿಯೆ. * ನನೊಂಜಿ ಕಥೆತ್ತ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ದೇವ ಬಡಗಿ ಸಾಣೆ ಪತ್ತೊಂದು ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಬೂರುನ ಎಲ್ಯ ಎಲ್ಯ ಚೂರುಲೆನ್ ಸೇರಾದ್ '''ಸುದರ್ಶನ ಚಕ್ರ''' ರಚಿಸಾದ್, ಅಯಿನ್ ದ್ವಾದಶಾದಿತ್ಯೆರೆಡ್ ಒರಿ ಆಯಿನ ವಿಷ್ಣುಗು ಕೊರಿಯೆ. ವಿಷ್ಣು ಉಂದೆನ್ ದುಷ್ಟೆರೆನ್ ಶಿಕ್ಷಿಸಯೆರೆ ಬಳಸಿಯೆ. ಸುದರ್ಶನ ಚಕ್ರೊಗು '''ವಜ್ರನಾಭ''' ಪನ್ಪುನ ನನೊಂಜಿ ಪುದರ್‌ಲಾ ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಚಕ್ರದ ನಡುಟ್ಟು ಒಟ್ಟೆ ಇತ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಉಂದೆತ್ತ ನಡುರ್ದು ಸಾವಿರ ಕೈಕುಲು ಪರಡ್‌ದ್ ಉಂಡು. ಉಂದೆತ್ತ ಪಿದಯಿದ ಭಾಗ ಚೂಪಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. == ಲಕ್ಷಣೊಲು == ವಿಷ್ಣುನ ಎದೆತ್ತ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿಹ್ನೆಗೆ ಶ್ರೀವತ್ಸ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಪುದರ್ ಉಂಡು. ಆಯನ ಕೈತಲ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಶಂಖದ ಪುದರ್ ಪಾಂಚಜನ್ಯ. ಉಂದೆನ್ ಸ್ಪರ್ಶ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಮೂಲಕನೇ ಅಪಾರ ಬುದ್ಧಿವಂತಿಕೆ ತಿಕ್ಕುಂಡು ಪನ್ಪುನ ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. '''ಸಾರಂಗ''' ಆಯನ ಧನುಸ್ಸು. ಉಂದೆಕ್ಕ್ '''ವೈಷ್ಣವ ಚಾಪ''' ಪನ್ಪುನ ಪುದರ್‌ಲಾ ಉಂಡು. '''ವೈಜಯಂತಿ''' ಆಯನ '''ಕಂಠಾಭರಣ'''. ಐನ್ ಆಭರಣ ಒಟ್ಟು ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಈ ಹಾರೊಗು '''ವನಮಾಲಾ''' ಪನ್ಪುನ ಪುದರ್ ಉಂಡು. ವಿಷ್ಣುವನ ವಾಹನ '''ಗರುಡೆ'''. ಋಗ್ವೇದೊಡು ವಿಷ್ಣುನ ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾಪ ಕೆಲವು ಕಡೆಟ್ಟ್ ಉಂಡು. ಆಂಡ ಮುಲ್ಪ ಇಂದ್ರಗ್ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಪ್ರಾಮುಖ್ಯ ಉಪ್ಪುನವು ತೋಜಿದ್ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮುಲ್ಪ ವಿಷ್ಣು ಇಂದ್ರನ ಎಲ್ಯ ಸೋದರ ಸ್ಥಾನ ಪಡೆವೊಂದೆ. ಇಂಚಾದ್ ವಿಷ್ಣು ಸಹಸ್ರನಾಮೊಲೆಡ್ ಉಪೇಂದ್ರ, ಇಂದ್ರಾವರಜ ಇಂಚಿತ್ತಿ ಪುದರುಲು ಸೇರೊಂದುಂಡು. ಮಹಾಭಾರತೊಡು ಭೀಷ್ಮೆ ವಿಷ್ಣುಶಕ್ತಿದ ವಿವರ ಕೊರ್ಪೆ. [[ಫೈಲ್:Maha Vishnu Wooden Carvings in Vazhappally Temple.jpg|thumb|Maha Vishnu Wooden Carvings in Vazhappally Temple]] == ತೂಲೆ == * [[ಅವತಾರ]] * [[ದಶಾವತಾರ]] == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} {{ವಿಷ್ಣುನ ಅವತಾರೊಲು}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಮೈಸೂರು ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಲಯ ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ದೇವೆರ್]] bts6vsxekmzrmfntmfh4gyqwvp58wqc 828 10061 366761 128491 2022-02-12T16:43:02Z en>Jonesey95 0 Undid revision 1071438822 by [[Special:Contributions/Jonesey95|Jonesey95]] ([[User talk:Jonesey95|talk]]). false positive? 366761 Scribunto text/plain --generates auto short description for use in infobox settlement local p = {} p.categories = "" local plain = require('Module:Plain text')._main local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local tableTools = require ('Module:TableTools') function p.reverseTable (init) init[1], init[3] = init[3], init[1] return init end function p.assign (args, argname, num) local val local var = {} for i = 0,num do --handle initial "subdivision_foo" without number if i == 0 then val = "" else val = tostring(i) end var[i+1] = p.validate(plain(args[argname..val])) end return var end --Display short description using {{short description}} function p.shortdesc(text, frame) return frame:expandTemplate{title = 'Short description', args = {text, 'noreplace'}} end function p.category (cattype) local category = string.format('[[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with bad %s]]', cattype) if category then p.categories = p.categories..category end --categorize end --sanity and other checks function p.validate (parameter, cat) if not parameter then return nil end parameter = parameter:gsub('%b()', '') --remove things in brackets as extraneous information :gsub('%s+', ' ') --fix possible extra spaces from previous cleanup :gsub('^%s+', '') --trim spaces from beginning :gsub('%s+$', '') --trim spaces from end if parameter:match("[,;]") or not parameter:match("%a") then --must have some letters, ignore if multiple types/subdivisions if cat then p.category (cat) end return nil end if (parameter == "") then return nil end return parameter end --removes redundancy like "England, United Kingdom" and fixes issues like "Foo in United States" (to "Foo in the United States") --also used in Module:Type in location function p.cleanupLoc (location) if location == "" then return nil end local replacements = { ["England, United Kingdom"] = "England", ["Scotland, United Kingdom"] = "Scotland", ["Wales, United Kingdom"] = "Wales", ["New York City, New York, United States"] = "New York City", ["^United States$"] = "the United States", ["London, United Kingdom"] = "London, England" } for i, v in pairs(replacements) do location = location:gsub(i, v) --series of replacements end return location end function p.main(frame) local categories = "" local subdivision_types = {} local subdivision_names = {} local args = getArgs (frame, {parentOnly = true}) local settlement_type = p.validate(plain(args.settlement_type or args.type), "settlement type") or "Place" local short_description = plain(args.short_description) subdivision_types = p.assign(args, "subdivision_type", 2) subdivision_names = p.assign(args, "subdivision_name", 2) if short_description then if (short_description == 'no') then return else local language = mw.language.getContentLanguage() return p.shortdesc(language:ucfirst(short_description), frame) end end if not(subdivision_names[3] and (string.find(settlement_type, '[nN]eighbo[u]?rhood') or string.find(settlement_type, '[sS]uburb'))) then subdivision_names[3] = nil --display the third subdivision_type only if suburb or neighborhood end --if say "Voivodeship" is found within the subdivision_type, then specially handle --by adding Voivodeship to the end if not already present for x, y in ipairs (subdivision_types) do local special_types = { "Voivodeship" } for i, j in ipairs(special_types) do if subdivision_names[x] and string.find(y, j, 1, true) and not string.find(subdivision_names[x], j, 1, true) then subdivision_names[x] = subdivision_names[x].." "..j end end end for x, y in ipairs (subdivision_names) do if y then if string.find(settlement_type, y, 1, true) then --if the subdivision is found within the settlement type subdivision_names[x] = nil --don't display redundancy p.category ("settlement type") end if y == mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text then --if the title is the same as one of the subdivision_names subdivision_names[x] = nil --don't display redundancy end end end local location = table.concat(tableTools.compressSparseArray(p.reverseTable(subdivision_names)), ', ') location = p.cleanupLoc (location) if location then location = " in " .. location else location = "" end local language = mw.language.getContentLanguage() return p.shortdesc(language:ucfirst(settlement_type..location), frame)..p.categories end return p sdmmtzi7bcwz6i491hq96btdkaj2hrz 366762 366761 2026-08-23T16:34:42Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Module:Settlement_short_description]] 366761 Scribunto text/plain --generates auto short description for use in infobox settlement local p = {} p.categories = "" local plain = require('Module:Plain text')._main local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs local tableTools = require ('Module:TableTools') function p.reverseTable (init) init[1], init[3] = init[3], init[1] return init end function p.assign (args, argname, num) local val local var = {} for i = 0,num do --handle initial "subdivision_foo" without number if i == 0 then val = "" else val = tostring(i) end var[i+1] = p.validate(plain(args[argname..val])) end return var end --Display short description using {{short description}} function p.shortdesc(text, frame) return frame:expandTemplate{title = 'Short description', args = {text, 'noreplace'}} end function p.category (cattype) local category = string.format('[[Category:Pages using infobox settlement with bad %s]]', cattype) if category then p.categories = p.categories..category end --categorize end --sanity and other checks function p.validate (parameter, cat) if not parameter then return nil end parameter = parameter:gsub('%b()', '') --remove things in brackets as extraneous information :gsub('%s+', ' ') --fix possible extra spaces from previous cleanup :gsub('^%s+', '') --trim spaces from beginning :gsub('%s+$', '') --trim spaces from end if parameter:match("[,;]") or not parameter:match("%a") then --must have some letters, ignore if multiple types/subdivisions if cat then p.category (cat) end return nil end if (parameter == "") then return nil end return parameter end --removes redundancy like "England, United Kingdom" and fixes issues like "Foo in United States" (to "Foo in the United States") --also used in Module:Type in location function p.cleanupLoc (location) if location == "" then return nil end local replacements = { ["England, United Kingdom"] = "England", ["Scotland, United Kingdom"] = "Scotland", ["Wales, United Kingdom"] = "Wales", ["New York City, New York, United States"] = "New York City", ["^United States$"] = "the United States", ["London, United Kingdom"] = "London, England" } for i, v in pairs(replacements) do location = location:gsub(i, v) --series of replacements end return location end function p.main(frame) local categories = "" local subdivision_types = {} local subdivision_names = {} local args = getArgs (frame, {parentOnly = true}) local settlement_type = p.validate(plain(args.settlement_type or args.type), "settlement type") or "Place" local short_description = plain(args.short_description) subdivision_types = p.assign(args, "subdivision_type", 2) subdivision_names = p.assign(args, "subdivision_name", 2) if short_description then if (short_description == 'no') then return else local language = mw.language.getContentLanguage() return p.shortdesc(language:ucfirst(short_description), frame) end end if not(subdivision_names[3] and (string.find(settlement_type, '[nN]eighbo[u]?rhood') or string.find(settlement_type, '[sS]uburb'))) then subdivision_names[3] = nil --display the third subdivision_type only if suburb or neighborhood end --if say "Voivodeship" is found within the subdivision_type, then specially handle --by adding Voivodeship to the end if not already present for x, y in ipairs (subdivision_types) do local special_types = { "Voivodeship" } for i, j in ipairs(special_types) do if subdivision_names[x] and string.find(y, j, 1, true) and not string.find(subdivision_names[x], j, 1, true) then subdivision_names[x] = subdivision_names[x].." "..j end end end for x, y in ipairs (subdivision_names) do if y then if string.find(settlement_type, y, 1, true) then --if the subdivision is found within the settlement type subdivision_names[x] = nil --don't display redundancy p.category ("settlement type") end if y == mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text then --if the title is the same as one of the subdivision_names subdivision_names[x] = nil --don't display redundancy end end end local location = table.concat(tableTools.compressSparseArray(p.reverseTable(subdivision_names)), ', ') location = p.cleanupLoc (location) if location then location = " in " .. location else location = "" end local language = mw.language.getContentLanguage() return p.shortdesc(language:ucfirst(settlement_type..location), frame)..p.categories end return p sdmmtzi7bcwz6i491hq96btdkaj2hrz 10 12011 366630 142419 2026-08-23T13:22:27Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | autoheaders = y | bodystyle = {{{bodystyle|}}} | headerstyle = background:#ddd | labelstyle = padding-right:0.6em;<!--(ensures at least 0.6em space between a label's end and its data)--> <!---------------------------Main heading ("above")----------------------------> | abovestyle = padding:0.25em; background:{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |abjad|[[abjad]]|impure abjad|impure [[abjad]]|consonantary|[[consonantary]]=palegreen |alphabet|[[alphabet]]=lightblue |abugida|[[abugida]]=navajowhite |syllabary|[[syllabary]]=pink |semisyllabary|[[semisyllabary]]=violet |manual|[[manual]]=paleturquoise |pictographic|[[pictographic]]=palegoldenrod |ideographic|[[ideographic]]=gold |logographic|[[logographic]]|[[logosyllabic]]=mistyrose |stenography|[[stenography]] |shorthand|[[shorthand]] = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{SHtype|}}}}} |abjad|[[abjad]]|impure abjad|impure [[abjad]]|consonantal|[[consonantal]]=palegreen |alphabetic|[[alphabetic]]=lightblue |abugida|[[abugida]]=navajowhite |syllabic|[[syllabic]]=pink |semisyllabic|[[semisyllabic]]=violet |undeciphered=gainsboro |alternative=khaki |#default=turquoise }} |undeciphered=gainsboro |alternative=khaki |tactile=white;font-variant:small-caps |#default=white }}; | above = {{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}<br /><div style="font-weight:normal">{{{altname|{{{native_name|}}}}}}</div> <!-- IMAGE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------> | imagestyle = padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;{{{imagestyle|}}} | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{sample|}}}|size={{{image size|{{{image_size|{{{imagesize|}}}}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | captionstyle = border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;<!--(to ensure caption and first line of info kept distinct)-->{{{captionstyle|}}} | caption = {{{caption|}}} <!-- TOP ---------------------------------------------------------------------------> | label3 = ಲಿಪಿ ಬಗೆ | data3 = {{#if:{{{SHline|}}}{{{SHform|}}}{{{SHtype|}}}{{{mode|}}}{{{type|}}} | {{longitem|style=line-height:1.25em | {{#if:{{{SHline|}}}|{{{SHline|}}}-line|}} {{{SHform|}}} {{{SHtype|}}} {{{mode|}}} {{{type|}}} }} }} {{{typedesc|}}} | label5 = ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಕರ್ತೆ | data5 = {{{creator|}}} | label7 = ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನೆ | data7 = {{#if:{{{date|}}} |{{{date}}} }} | label9 = ಪ್ರಕಟ ಆತ್‌ನೆ | data9 = {{#if:{{{SHdates|}}}{{{published|}}} | {{longitem|style=line-height:1.25em | {{#if:{{{SHdates|}}} |{{{SHdates}}}}} {{#if:{{{published|}}} |{{{published}}}}} }} }} | label11 = {{longitem|ಕಾಲಾದಿ}} | data11 = {{{time|}}} | label13 = ಪರಿಸ್ತಿತಿ | data13 = {{{status|}}} | label15 = ದಿಕ್ಕ್ | data15 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue |P1406 |{{{direction|}}} |qid={{{qid|}}} |onlysourced=no |fwd=ALL}} {{{direction comment|}}} | label17 = ಅದಿಕ್ರತ ಲಿಪಿ | data17 = {{{official script|}}} | label18 = ಪ್ರದೇಶ | data18 = {{{region|}}} | label19 = {{longitem|ಮುದ್ರಣ ಆದಾರೊ}} | data19 = {{{print|}}} | label21 = {{engvar|defaultWord=Romanized |defaultLang=en-US |en-US=Romanized |us=Romanized | gb=Romanised |engvar={{{engvar|}}} }} from | data21 = {{{romanised-from|{{{romanized-from|}}}}}} <!-- LANGUAGES ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | label25 = ಬಾಸೆ | data25 = {{{language|}}} | label26 = ಬಾಸೆಲು | data26 = {{{languages|}}} <!-- RELATED SCRIPTS ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header30= Related scripts | label33 = {{#if:{{{fam1|{{{family|}}}}}} |{{longitem|ಪೇರೆಂಟ್ ಸಿಸ್ಟಮ್ಸ್}}}} | data33 = {{#if:{{{fam1|{{{family|}}}}}} | <div style="padding-top:0.15em;">{{{fam1|{{{family}}}}}}<!-- --><ul><li>{{#if:{{{fam2|}}}|{{{fam2}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam3|}}}|{{{fam3}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam4|}}}|{{{fam4}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam5|}}}|{{{fam5}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam6|}}}|{{{fam6}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam7|}}}|{{{fam7}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam8|}}}|{{{fam8}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam9|}}}|{{{fam9}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam10|}}}|{{{fam10}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam11|}}}|{{{fam11}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam12|}}}|{{{fam12}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam13|}}}|{{{fam13}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam14|}}}|{{{fam14}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><!-- --><li>{{#if:{{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15}}} <ul style="margin-left:0.3em;"><li>{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}} }}</li><!-- --></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul><!-- --></div> }} | label37 = {{longitem|ಬಾಲೆ ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆಲು}} | data37 = {{{children|}}} | label39 = {{longitem|ಸೋದರಿ ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆಲು}} | data39 = {{{sisters|}}} <!-- ISO 15924 ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header40= ISO 15924 | label43 = [[ISO 15924]] | data43 = {{#if:{{ISO 15924 code|{{{iso15924|}}}|default=}} |{{mono|1={{ISO 15924 code|{{{iso15924|}}} }}}}, {{mono|1={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|P2620|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|onlysourced=no|noicon=false}}}},&#x20;&#x200B;{{ISO 15924 name|{{{iso15924|}}}}}{{Main other|[[Category:Scripts with ISO 15924 four-letter codes]]}}}} {{{iso15924 note|}}} <!-- UNICODE ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header50= [[Unicode]] | label53 = {{longitem|ಯುನಿಕೋಡ್ ಉಪನಾಮೊ}} | data53 = {{#if:{{{iso15924|}}} |{{ISO 15924 alias|{{{iso15924|}}}}}}} | label55 = {{longitem|[[Unicode range]]}} | data55 = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{unicode|}}}}} |no|not|none|not in unicode=Not in Unicode |#default={{{unicode|}}}}} <!-- FOOTNOTES ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> |header60 = _BLANK_ | data61 = {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}} |<div style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;">{{{footnotes}}}</div>}} | belowclass = noprint selfref | belowstyle = text-align:left; background:#eee; | below = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{note|{{{ipa-note|yes}}}}}}}} |none|no|0= |#default={{Infobox writing system/ipa-note}}}} }}<!-- -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox writing system with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]}}|preview = Page using [[Template:Infobox writing system]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y | SHdates | SHform | SHline | SHtype | alt | altname | bodystyle | caption | captionstyle | children | creator | date | direction comment | direction | engvar | fam10 | fam11 | fam12 | fam13 | fam14 | fam15 | fam1 | fam2 | fam3 | fam4 | fam5 | fam6 | fam7 | fam8 | fam9 | family | footnotes | image size | imagesize | imagestyle | ipa-note | iso15924 note | iso15924 | language | languages | mode | name | native_name | note | official script | print | published | qid | region | romanized_from | romanised_from | sample | sisters | status | time | type | typedesc | unicode }}<!-- --><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 0dad1niunsjxu2xf3fs4i2b4ylgqmxk 366634 366630 2026-08-23T13:25:47Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366634 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | autoheaders = y | bodystyle = {{{bodystyle|}}} | headerstyle = background:#ddd | labelstyle = padding-right:0.6em;<!--(ensures at least 0.6em space between a label's end and its data)--> <!---------------------------Main heading ("above")----------------------------> | abovestyle = padding:0.25em; background:{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |abjad|[[abjad]]|impure abjad|impure [[abjad]]|consonantary|[[consonantary]]=palegreen |alphabet|[[alphabet]]=lightblue |abugida|[[abugida]]=navajowhite |syllabary|[[syllabary]]=pink |semisyllabary|[[semisyllabary]]=violet |manual|[[manual]]=paleturquoise |pictographic|[[pictographic]]=palegoldenrod |ideographic|[[ideographic]]=gold |logographic|[[logographic]]|[[logosyllabic]]=mistyrose |stenography|[[stenography]] |shorthand|[[shorthand]] = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{SHtype|}}}}} |abjad|[[abjad]]|impure abjad|impure [[abjad]]|consonantal|[[consonantal]]=palegreen |alphabetic|[[alphabetic]]=lightblue |abugida|[[abugida]]=navajowhite |syllabic|[[syllabic]]=pink |semisyllabic|[[semisyllabic]]=violet |undeciphered=gainsboro |alternative=khaki |#default=turquoise }} |undeciphered=gainsboro |alternative=khaki |tactile=white;font-variant:small-caps |#default=white }}; | above = {{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}<br /><div style="font-weight:normal">{{{altname|{{{native_name|}}}}}}</div> <!-- IMAGE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------> | imagestyle = padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;{{{imagestyle|}}} | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{sample|}}}|size={{{image size|{{{image_size|{{{imagesize|}}}}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | captionstyle = border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;<!--(to ensure caption and first line of info kept distinct)-->{{{captionstyle|}}} | caption = {{{caption|}}} <!-- TOP ---------------------------------------------------------------------------> | label3 = ಲಿಪಿ ಬಗೆ | data3 = {{#if:{{{SHline|}}}{{{SHform|}}}{{{SHtype|}}}{{{mode|}}}{{{type|}}} | {{longitem|style=line-height:1.25em | {{#if:{{{SHline|}}}|{{{SHline|}}}-line|}} {{{SHform|}}} {{{SHtype|}}} {{{mode|}}} {{{type|}}} }} }} {{{typedesc|}}} | label5 = ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಕರ್ತೆ | data5 = {{{creator|}}} | label7 = ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನೆ | data7 = {{#if:{{{date|}}} |{{{date}}} }} | label9 = ಪ್ರಕಟ ಆತ್‌ನೆ | data9 = {{#if:{{{SHdates|}}}{{{published|}}} | {{longitem|style=line-height:1.25em | {{#if:{{{SHdates|}}} |{{{SHdates}}}}} {{#if:{{{published|}}} |{{{published}}}}} }} }} | label11 = {{longitem|ಕಾಲಾದಿ}} | data11 = {{{time|}}} | label13 = ಪರಿಸ್ತಿತಿ | data13 = {{{status|}}} | label15 = ದಿಕ್ಕ್ | data15 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue |P1406 |{{{direction|}}} |qid={{{qid|}}} |onlysourced=no |fwd=ALL}} {{{direction comment|}}} | label17 = ಅದಿಕ್ರತ ಲಿಪಿ | data17 = {{{official script|}}} | label18 = ಪ್ರದೇಶ | data18 = {{{region|}}} | label19 = {{longitem|ಮುದ್ರಣ ಆದಾರೊ}} | data19 = {{{print|}}} | label21 = {{engvar|defaultWord=Romanized |defaultLang=en-US |en-US=Romanized |us=Romanized | gb=Romanised |engvar={{{engvar|}}} }} from | data21 = {{{romanised-from|{{{romanized-from|}}}}}} <!-- LANGUAGES ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | label25 = ಬಾಸೆ | data25 = {{{language|}}} | label26 = ಬಾಸೆಲು | data26 = {{{languages|}}} <!-- RELATED SCRIPTS ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header30= '''ಸಮ್ಮಂದೊದ ಲಿಪಿಲು''' | label33 = {{#if:{{{fam1|{{{family|}}}}}} |{{longitem|ಪೇರೆಂಟ್ ಸಿಸ್ಟಮ್ಸ್}}}} | data33 = {{#if:{{{fam1|{{{family|}}}}}} | <div style="padding-top:0.15em;">{{{fam1|{{{family}}}}}}<!-- --><ul><li>{{#if:{{{fam2|}}}|{{{fam2}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam3|}}}|{{{fam3}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam4|}}}|{{{fam4}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam5|}}}|{{{fam5}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam6|}}}|{{{fam6}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam7|}}}|{{{fam7}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam8|}}}|{{{fam8}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam9|}}}|{{{fam9}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam10|}}}|{{{fam10}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam11|}}}|{{{fam11}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam12|}}}|{{{fam12}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam13|}}}|{{{fam13}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam14|}}}|{{{fam14}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><!-- --><li>{{#if:{{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15}}} <ul style="margin-left:0.3em;"><li>{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}} }}</li><!-- --></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul><!-- --></div> }} | label37 = {{longitem|ಬಾಲೆ ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆಲು}} | data37 = {{{children|}}} | label39 = {{longitem|ಸೋದರಿ ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆಲು}} | data39 = {{{sisters|}}} <!-- ISO 15924 ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header40= ISO 15924 | label43 = [[ISO 15924]] | data43 = {{#if:{{ISO 15924 code|{{{iso15924|}}}|default=}} |{{mono|1={{ISO 15924 code|{{{iso15924|}}} }}}}, {{mono|1={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|P2620|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|onlysourced=no|noicon=false}}}},&#x20;&#x200B;{{ISO 15924 name|{{{iso15924|}}}}}{{Main other|[[Category:Scripts with ISO 15924 four-letter codes]]}}}} {{{iso15924 note|}}} <!-- UNICODE ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header50= [[Unicode]] | label53 = {{longitem|ಯುನಿಕೋಡ್ ಉಪನಾಮೊ}} | data53 = {{#if:{{{iso15924|}}} |{{ISO 15924 alias|{{{iso15924|}}}}}}} | label55 = {{longitem|[[Unicode range]]}} | data55 = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{unicode|}}}}} |no|not|none|not in unicode=Not in Unicode |#default={{{unicode|}}}}} <!-- FOOTNOTES ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> |header60 = _BLANK_ | data61 = {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}} |<div style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;">{{{footnotes}}}</div>}} | belowclass = noprint selfref | belowstyle = text-align:left; background:#eee; | below = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{note|{{{ipa-note|yes}}}}}}}} |none|no|0= |#default={{Infobox writing system/ipa-note}}}} }}<!-- -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox writing system with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]}}|preview = Page using [[Template:Infobox writing system]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y | SHdates | SHform | SHline | SHtype | alt | altname | bodystyle | caption | captionstyle | children | creator | date | direction comment | direction | engvar | fam10 | fam11 | fam12 | fam13 | fam14 | fam15 | fam1 | fam2 | fam3 | fam4 | fam5 | fam6 | fam7 | fam8 | fam9 | family | footnotes | image size | imagesize | imagestyle | ipa-note | iso15924 note | iso15924 | language | languages | mode | name | native_name | note | official script | print | published | qid | region | romanized_from | romanised_from | sample | sisters | status | time | type | typedesc | unicode }}<!-- --><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 36wdvlzoxzgsqdgkpvxf7up50lh8g60 366635 366634 2026-08-23T13:26:59Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366635 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | autoheaders = y | bodystyle = {{{bodystyle|}}} | headerstyle = background:#ddd | labelstyle = padding-right:0.6em;<!--(ensures at least 0.6em space between a label's end and its data)--> <!---------------------------Main heading ("above")----------------------------> | abovestyle = padding:0.25em; background:{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |abjad|[[abjad]]|impure abjad|impure [[abjad]]|consonantary|[[consonantary]]=palegreen |alphabet|[[alphabet]]=lightblue |abugida|[[abugida]]=navajowhite |syllabary|[[syllabary]]=pink |semisyllabary|[[semisyllabary]]=violet |manual|[[manual]]=paleturquoise |pictographic|[[pictographic]]=palegoldenrod |ideographic|[[ideographic]]=gold |logographic|[[logographic]]|[[logosyllabic]]=mistyrose |stenography|[[stenography]] |shorthand|[[shorthand]] = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{SHtype|}}}}} |abjad|[[abjad]]|impure abjad|impure [[abjad]]|consonantal|[[consonantal]]=palegreen |alphabetic|[[alphabetic]]=lightblue |abugida|[[abugida]]=navajowhite |syllabic|[[syllabic]]=pink |semisyllabic|[[semisyllabic]]=violet |undeciphered=gainsboro |alternative=khaki |#default=turquoise }} |undeciphered=gainsboro |alternative=khaki |tactile=white;font-variant:small-caps |#default=white }}; | above = {{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}<br /><div style="font-weight:normal">{{{altname|{{{native_name|}}}}}}</div> <!-- IMAGE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------> | imagestyle = padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;{{{imagestyle|}}} | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{sample|}}}|size={{{image size|{{{image_size|{{{imagesize|}}}}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | captionstyle = border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;<!--(to ensure caption and first line of info kept distinct)-->{{{captionstyle|}}} | caption = {{{caption|}}} <!-- TOP ---------------------------------------------------------------------------> | label3 = ಲಿಪಿ ಬಗೆ | data3 = {{#if:{{{SHline|}}}{{{SHform|}}}{{{SHtype|}}}{{{mode|}}}{{{type|}}} | {{longitem|style=line-height:1.25em | {{#if:{{{SHline|}}}|{{{SHline|}}}-line|}} {{{SHform|}}} {{{SHtype|}}} {{{mode|}}} {{{type|}}} }} }} {{{typedesc|}}} | label5 = ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಕರ್ತೆ | data5 = {{{creator|}}} | label7 = ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನೆ | data7 = {{#if:{{{date|}}} |{{{date}}} }} | label9 = ಪ್ರಕಟ ಆತ್‌ನೆ | data9 = {{#if:{{{SHdates|}}}{{{published|}}} | {{longitem|style=line-height:1.25em | {{#if:{{{SHdates|}}} |{{{SHdates}}}}} {{#if:{{{published|}}} |{{{published}}}}} }} }} | label11 = {{longitem|ಕಾಲಾದಿ}} | data11 = {{{time|}}} | label13 = ಪರಿಸ್ತಿತಿ | data13 = {{{status|}}} | label15 = ದಿಕ್ಕ್ | data15 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue |P1406 |{{{direction|}}} |qid={{{qid|}}} |onlysourced=no |fwd=ALL}} {{{direction comment|}}} | label17 = ಅದಿಕ್ರತ ಲಿಪಿ | data17 = {{{official script|}}} | label18 = ಪ್ರದೇಶ | data18 = {{{region|}}} | label19 = {{longitem|ಮುದ್ರಣ ಆದಾರೊ}} | data19 = {{{print|}}} | label21 = {{engvar|defaultWord=Romanized |defaultLang=en-US |en-US=Romanized |us=Romanized | gb=Romanised |engvar={{{engvar|}}} }} from | data21 = {{{romanised-from|{{{romanized-from|}}}}}} <!-- LANGUAGES ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | label25 = ಬಾಸೆ | data25 = {{{language|}}} | label26 = ಬಾಸೆಲು | data26 = {{{languages|}}} <!-- RELATED SCRIPTS ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header30= '''ಸಮ್ಮಂದೊದ ಲಿಪಿಲು''' | label33 = {{#if:{{{fam1|{{{family|}}}}}} |{{longitem|ಪೇರೆಂಟ್ ಸಿಸ್ಟಮ್ಸ್}}}} | data33 = {{#if:{{{fam1|{{{family|}}}}}} | <div style="padding-top:0.15em;">{{{fam1|{{{family}}}}}}<!-- --><ul><li>{{#if:{{{fam2|}}}|{{{fam2}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam3|}}}|{{{fam3}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam4|}}}|{{{fam4}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam5|}}}|{{{fam5}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam6|}}}|{{{fam6}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam7|}}}|{{{fam7}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam8|}}}|{{{fam8}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam9|}}}|{{{fam9}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam10|}}}|{{{fam10}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam11|}}}|{{{fam11}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam12|}}}|{{{fam12}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam13|}}}|{{{fam13}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam14|}}}|{{{fam14}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><!-- --><li>{{#if:{{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15}}} <ul style="margin-left:0.3em;"><li>{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}} }}</li><!-- --></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul><!-- --></div> }} | label37 = {{longitem|ಬಾಲೆ ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆಲು}} | data37 = {{{children|}}} | label39 = {{longitem|ಸೋದರಿ ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆಲು}} | data39 = {{{sisters|}}} <!-- ISO 15924 ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header40= ISO 15924 | label43 = [[ISO 15924]] | data43 = {{#if:{{ISO 15924 code|{{{iso15924|}}}|default=}} |{{mono|1={{ISO 15924 code|{{{iso15924|}}} }}}}, {{mono|1={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|P2620|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|onlysourced=no|noicon=false}}}},&#x20;&#x200B;{{ISO 15924 name|{{{iso15924|}}}}}{{Main other|[[Category:Scripts with ISO 15924 four-letter codes]]}}}} {{{iso15924 note|}}} <!-- UNICODE ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header50= [[:en:Unicode|ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್]] | label53 = {{longitem|ಯುನಿಕೋಡ್ ಉಪನಾಮೊ}} | data53 = {{#if:{{{iso15924|}}} |{{ISO 15924 alias|{{{iso15924|}}}}}}} | label55 = {{longitem|[[Unicode range]]}} | data55 = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{unicode|}}}}} |no|not|none|not in unicode=Not in Unicode |#default={{{unicode|}}}}} <!-- FOOTNOTES ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> |header60 = _BLANK_ | data61 = {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}} |<div style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;">{{{footnotes}}}</div>}} | belowclass = noprint selfref | belowstyle = text-align:left; background:#eee; | below = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{note|{{{ipa-note|yes}}}}}}}} |none|no|0= |#default={{Infobox writing system/ipa-note}}}} }}<!-- -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox writing system with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]}}|preview = Page using [[Template:Infobox writing system]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y | SHdates | SHform | SHline | SHtype | alt | altname | bodystyle | caption | captionstyle | children | creator | date | direction comment | direction | engvar | fam10 | fam11 | fam12 | fam13 | fam14 | fam15 | fam1 | fam2 | fam3 | fam4 | fam5 | fam6 | fam7 | fam8 | fam9 | family | footnotes | image size | imagesize | imagestyle | ipa-note | iso15924 note | iso15924 | language | languages | mode | name | native_name | note | official script | print | published | qid | region | romanized_from | romanised_from | sample | sisters | status | time | type | typedesc | unicode }}<!-- --><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 8kh39ubbhemi6lxu9hip1p3mol4sy30 366636 366635 2026-08-23T13:27:58Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366636 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | autoheaders = y | bodystyle = {{{bodystyle|}}} | headerstyle = background:#ddd | labelstyle = padding-right:0.6em;<!--(ensures at least 0.6em space between a label's end and its data)--> <!---------------------------Main heading ("above")----------------------------> | abovestyle = padding:0.25em; background:{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |abjad|[[abjad]]|impure abjad|impure [[abjad]]|consonantary|[[consonantary]]=palegreen |alphabet|[[alphabet]]=lightblue |abugida|[[abugida]]=navajowhite |syllabary|[[syllabary]]=pink |semisyllabary|[[semisyllabary]]=violet |manual|[[manual]]=paleturquoise |pictographic|[[pictographic]]=palegoldenrod |ideographic|[[ideographic]]=gold |logographic|[[logographic]]|[[logosyllabic]]=mistyrose |stenography|[[stenography]] |shorthand|[[shorthand]] = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{SHtype|}}}}} |abjad|[[abjad]]|impure abjad|impure [[abjad]]|consonantal|[[consonantal]]=palegreen |alphabetic|[[alphabetic]]=lightblue |abugida|[[abugida]]=navajowhite |syllabic|[[syllabic]]=pink |semisyllabic|[[semisyllabic]]=violet |undeciphered=gainsboro |alternative=khaki |#default=turquoise }} |undeciphered=gainsboro |alternative=khaki |tactile=white;font-variant:small-caps |#default=white }}; | above = {{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}<br /><div style="font-weight:normal">{{{altname|{{{native_name|}}}}}}</div> <!-- IMAGE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------> | imagestyle = padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;{{{imagestyle|}}} | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{sample|}}}|size={{{image size|{{{image_size|{{{imagesize|}}}}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | captionstyle = border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;<!--(to ensure caption and first line of info kept distinct)-->{{{captionstyle|}}} | caption = {{{caption|}}} <!-- TOP ---------------------------------------------------------------------------> | label3 = ಲಿಪಿ ಬಗೆ | data3 = {{#if:{{{SHline|}}}{{{SHform|}}}{{{SHtype|}}}{{{mode|}}}{{{type|}}} | {{longitem|style=line-height:1.25em | {{#if:{{{SHline|}}}|{{{SHline|}}}-line|}} {{{SHform|}}} {{{SHtype|}}} {{{mode|}}} {{{type|}}} }} }} {{{typedesc|}}} | label5 = ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಕರ್ತೆ | data5 = {{{creator|}}} | label7 = ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನೆ | data7 = {{#if:{{{date|}}} |{{{date}}} }} | label9 = ಪ್ರಕಟ ಆತ್‌ನೆ | data9 = {{#if:{{{SHdates|}}}{{{published|}}} | {{longitem|style=line-height:1.25em | {{#if:{{{SHdates|}}} |{{{SHdates}}}}} {{#if:{{{published|}}} |{{{published}}}}} }} }} | label11 = {{longitem|ಕಾಲಾದಿ}} | data11 = {{{time|}}} | label13 = ಪರಿಸ್ತಿತಿ | data13 = {{{status|}}} | label15 = ದಿಕ್ಕ್ | data15 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue |P1406 |{{{direction|}}} |qid={{{qid|}}} |onlysourced=no |fwd=ALL}} {{{direction comment|}}} | label17 = ಅದಿಕ್ರತ ಲಿಪಿ | data17 = {{{official script|}}} | label18 = ಪ್ರದೇಶ | data18 = {{{region|}}} | label19 = {{longitem|ಮುದ್ರಣ ಆದಾರೊ}} | data19 = {{{print|}}} | label21 = {{engvar|defaultWord=Romanized |defaultLang=en-US |en-US=Romanized |us=Romanized | gb=Romanised |engvar={{{engvar|}}} }} from | data21 = {{{romanised-from|{{{romanized-from|}}}}}} <!-- LANGUAGES ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | label25 = ಬಾಸೆ | data25 = {{{language|}}} | label26 = ಬಾಸೆಲು | data26 = {{{languages|}}} <!-- RELATED SCRIPTS ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header30= '''ಸಮ್ಮಂದೊದ ಲಿಪಿಲು''' | label33 = {{#if:{{{fam1|{{{family|}}}}}} |{{longitem|ಪೇರೆಂಟ್ ಸಿಸ್ಟಮ್ಸ್}}}} | data33 = {{#if:{{{fam1|{{{family|}}}}}} | <div style="padding-top:0.15em;">{{{fam1|{{{family}}}}}}<!-- --><ul><li>{{#if:{{{fam2|}}}|{{{fam2}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam3|}}}|{{{fam3}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam4|}}}|{{{fam4}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam5|}}}|{{{fam5}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam6|}}}|{{{fam6}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam7|}}}|{{{fam7}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam8|}}}|{{{fam8}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam9|}}}|{{{fam9}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam10|}}}|{{{fam10}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam11|}}}|{{{fam11}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam12|}}}|{{{fam12}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam13|}}}|{{{fam13}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam14|}}}|{{{fam14}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><!-- --><li>{{#if:{{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15}}} <ul style="margin-left:0.3em;"><li>{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}} }}</li><!-- --></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul><!-- --></div> }} | label37 = {{longitem|ಬಾಲೆ ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆಲು}} | data37 = {{{children|}}} | label39 = {{longitem|ಸೋದರಿ ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆಲು}} | data39 = {{{sisters|}}} <!-- ISO 15924 ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header40= ISO 15924 | label43 = [[ISO 15924]] | data43 = {{#if:{{ISO 15924 code|{{{iso15924|}}}|default=}} |{{mono|1={{ISO 15924 code|{{{iso15924|}}} }}}}, {{mono|1={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|P2620|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|onlysourced=no|noicon=false}}}},&#x20;&#x200B;{{ISO 15924 name|{{{iso15924|}}}}}{{Main other|[[Category:Scripts with ISO 15924 four-letter codes]]}}}} {{{iso15924 note|}}} <!-- UNICODE ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header50= [[:en:Unicode|ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್]] | label53 = {{longitem|ಯುನಿಕೋಡ್ ಉಪನಾಮೊ}} | data53 = {{#if:{{{iso15924|}}} |{{ISO 15924 alias|{{{iso15924|}}}}}}} | label55 = {{longitem|[[:en:Unicode range|ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ ವ್ಯಾಪ್ತಿ]]}} | data55 = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{unicode|}}}}} |no|not|none|not in unicode=Not in Unicode |#default={{{unicode|}}}}} <!-- FOOTNOTES ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> |header60 = _BLANK_ | data61 = {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}} |<div style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;">{{{footnotes}}}</div>}} | belowclass = noprint selfref | belowstyle = text-align:left; background:#eee; | below = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{note|{{{ipa-note|yes}}}}}}}} |none|no|0= |#default={{Infobox writing system/ipa-note}}}} }}<!-- -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox writing system with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]}}|preview = Page using [[Template:Infobox writing system]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y | SHdates | SHform | SHline | SHtype | alt | altname | bodystyle | caption | captionstyle | children | creator | date | direction comment | direction | engvar | fam10 | fam11 | fam12 | fam13 | fam14 | fam15 | fam1 | fam2 | fam3 | fam4 | fam5 | fam6 | fam7 | fam8 | fam9 | family | footnotes | image size | imagesize | imagestyle | ipa-note | iso15924 note | iso15924 | language | languages | mode | name | native_name | note | official script | print | published | qid | region | romanized_from | romanised_from | sample | sisters | status | time | type | typedesc | unicode }}<!-- --><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> sd7c27l7s8lri5vqym00maf04fc14dy 366724 366636 2026-08-23T13:49:26Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366724 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | autoheaders = y | bodystyle = {{{bodystyle|}}} | headerstyle = background:#ddd | labelstyle = padding-right:0.6em;<!--(ensures at least 0.6em space between a label's end and its data)--> <!---------------------------Main heading ("above")----------------------------> | abovestyle = padding:0.25em; background:{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |abjad|[[abjad]]|impure abjad|impure [[abjad]]|consonantary|[[consonantary]]=palegreen |alphabet|[[alphabet]]=lightblue |abugida|[[abugida]]=navajowhite |syllabary|[[syllabary]]=pink |semisyllabary|[[semisyllabary]]=violet |manual|[[manual]]=paleturquoise |pictographic|[[pictographic]]=palegoldenrod |ideographic|[[ideographic]]=gold |logographic|[[logographic]]|[[logosyllabic]]=mistyrose |stenography|[[stenography]] |shorthand|[[shorthand]] = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{SHtype|}}}}} |abjad|[[abjad]]|impure abjad|impure [[abjad]]|consonantal|[[consonantal]]=palegreen |alphabetic|[[alphabetic]]=lightblue |abugida|[[abugida]]=navajowhite |syllabic|[[syllabic]]=pink |semisyllabic|[[semisyllabic]]=violet |undeciphered=gainsboro |alternative=khaki |#default=turquoise }} |undeciphered=gainsboro |alternative=khaki |tactile=white;font-variant:small-caps |#default=white }}; | above = {{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}<br /><div style="font-weight:normal">{{{altname|{{{native_name|}}}}}}</div> <!-- IMAGE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------> | imagestyle = padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;{{{imagestyle|}}} | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{sample|}}}|size={{{image size|{{{image_size|{{{imagesize|}}}}}}}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | captionstyle = border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;<!--(to ensure caption and first line of info kept distinct)-->{{{captionstyle|}}} | caption = {{{caption|}}} <!-- TOP ---------------------------------------------------------------------------> | label3 = ಲಿಪಿ ಬಗೆ | data3 = {{#if:{{{SHline|}}}{{{SHform|}}}{{{SHtype|}}}{{{mode|}}}{{{type|}}} | {{longitem|style=line-height:1.25em | {{#if:{{{SHline|}}}|{{{SHline|}}}-line|}} {{{SHform|}}} {{{SHtype|}}} {{{mode|}}} {{{type|}}} }} }} {{{typedesc|}}} | label5 = ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಕರ್ತೆ | data5 = {{{creator|}}} | label7 = ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನೆ | data7 = {{#if:{{{date|}}} |{{{date}}} }} | label9 = ಪ್ರಕಟ ಆತ್‌ನೆ | data9 = {{#if:{{{SHdates|}}}{{{published|}}} | {{longitem|style=line-height:1.25em | {{#if:{{{SHdates|}}} |{{{SHdates}}}}} {{#if:{{{published|}}} |{{{published}}}}} }} }} | label11 = {{longitem|ಕಾಲಾದಿ}} | data11 = {{{time|}}} | label13 = ಪರಿಸ್ತಿತಿ | data13 = {{{status|}}} | label15 = ದಿಕ್ಕ್ | data15 = {{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue |P1406 |{{{direction|}}} |qid={{{qid|}}} |onlysourced=no |fwd=ALL}} {{{direction comment|}}} | label17 = ಅದಿಕ್ರತ ಲಿಪಿ | data17 = {{{official script|}}} | label18 = ಪ್ರದೇಶ | data18 = {{{region|}}} | label19 = {{longitem|ಮುದ್ರಣ ಆದಾರೊ}} | data19 = {{{print|}}} | label21 = {{engvar|defaultWord=Romanized |defaultLang=en-US |en-US=Romanized |us=Romanized | gb=Romanised |engvar={{{engvar|}}} }} from | data21 = {{{romanised-from|{{{romanized-from|}}}}}} <!-- LANGUAGES ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | label25 = ಬಾಸೆ | data25 = {{{language|}}} | label26 = ಬಾಸೆಲು | data26 = {{{languages|}}} <!-- RELATED SCRIPTS ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header30= '''ಸಮ್ಮಂದೊದ ಲಿಪಿಲು''' | label33 = {{#if:{{{fam1|{{{family|}}}}}} |{{longitem|ಪೇರೆಂಟ್ ಸಿಸ್ಟಮ್ಸ್}}}} | data33 = {{#if:{{{fam1|{{{family|}}}}}} | <div style="padding-top:0.15em;">{{{fam1|{{{family}}}}}}<!-- --><ul><li>{{#if:{{{fam2|}}}|{{{fam2}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam3|}}}|{{{fam3}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam4|}}}|{{{fam4}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam5|}}}|{{{fam5}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam6|}}}|{{{fam6}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam7|}}}|{{{fam7}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam8|}}}|{{{fam8}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam9|}}}|{{{fam9}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam10|}}}|{{{fam10}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam11|}}}|{{{fam11}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam12|}}}|{{{fam12}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam13|}}}|{{{fam13}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><li>{{#if:{{{fam14|}}}|{{{fam14}}}<!-- --><ul style="margin-left:0.8em;"><!-- --><li>{{#if:{{{fam15|}}} |{{{fam15}}} <ul style="margin-left:0.3em;"><li>{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}} }}</li><!-- --></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul> |{{{name|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}}}</li></ul><!-- --></div> }} | label37 = {{longitem|ಬಾಲ್ಯೊ ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆಲು}} | data37 = {{{children|}}} | label39 = {{longitem|ಸೋದರಿ ವ್ಯವಸ್ತೆಲು}} | data39 = {{{sisters|}}} <!-- ISO 15924 ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header40= ISO 15924 | label43 = [[ISO 15924]] | data43 = {{#if:{{ISO 15924 code|{{{iso15924|}}}|default=}} |{{mono|1={{ISO 15924 code|{{{iso15924|}}} }}}}, {{mono|1={{#invoke:WikidataIB|getValue|P2620|qid={{{qid|}}}|fwd=ALL|onlysourced=no|noicon=false}}}},&#x20;&#x200B;{{ISO 15924 name|{{{iso15924|}}}}}{{Main other|[[Category:Scripts with ISO 15924 four-letter codes]]}}}} {{{iso15924 note|}}} <!-- UNICODE ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> | header50= [[:en:Unicode|ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್]] | label53 = {{longitem|ಯುನಿಕೋಡ್ ಉಪನಾಮೊ}} | data53 = {{#if:{{{iso15924|}}} |{{ISO 15924 alias|{{{iso15924|}}}}}}} | label55 = {{longitem|[[:en:Unicode range|ಯೂನಿಕೋಡ್ ವ್ಯಾಪ್ತಿ]]}} | data55 = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{unicode|}}}}} |no|not|none|not in unicode=Not in Unicode |#default={{{unicode|}}}}} <!-- FOOTNOTES ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- --> |header60 = _BLANK_ | data61 = {{#if:{{{footnotes|}}} |<div style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;">{{{footnotes}}}</div>}} | belowclass = noprint selfref | belowstyle = text-align:left; background:#eee; | below = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{note|{{{ipa-note|yes}}}}}}}} |none|no|0= |#default={{Infobox writing system/ipa-note}}}} }}<!-- -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox writing system with unknown parameters|_VALUE_]]}}|preview = Page using [[Template:Infobox writing system]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y | SHdates | SHform | SHline | SHtype | alt | altname | bodystyle | caption | captionstyle | children | creator | date | direction comment | direction | engvar | fam10 | fam11 | fam12 | fam13 | fam14 | fam15 | fam1 | fam2 | fam3 | fam4 | fam5 | fam6 | fam7 | fam8 | fam9 | family | footnotes | image size | imagesize | imagestyle | ipa-note | iso15924 note | iso15924 | language | languages | mode | name | native_name | note | official script | print | published | qid | region | romanized_from | romanised_from | sample | sisters | status | time | type | typedesc | unicode }}<!-- --><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 1rx106g98g7bq9yxvy8pqsgo8pm3k5z 10 13103 366613 312610 2026-08-23T12:19:56Z Vishwanatha 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writer }}<!-- -->{{Main other|{{#if: {{{released|}}} | {{#ifeq: {{Str find|{{{released|}}} | film-date}} | -1 | [[Category:Pages using infobox film with nonstandard dates]] }} | [[Category:Pages using infobox film with missing date]] }}<!-- -->{{#ifexpr: {{Str count|{{{released|}}}|film-date}} > 1 | [[Category:Pages using infobox film with multiple film date templates]] }}<!-- -->{{#ifeq: {{Str find|{{{country|}}}|flagicon}} | -1 || [[Category:Pages using infobox film with flag icon]] }}}}<!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 9fmajmrj5i8zrzz1pbl4389724x513h 0 15235 366851 282251 2026-08-24T08:00:41Z ChiK 1136 366851 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox deity <!--Wikipedia:WikiProject Hindu mythology--> | devanagari = लक्ष्मी | type = ತುಳು | image = Raja Ravi Varma, Goddess Lakshmi, 1896.jpg | caption = ''ಶ್ರೀ ಗಜ ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿ'' [[ರಾಜ ರವಿ ವರ್ಮ]] (೧೮೯೬) | name = ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ | other_names = <!---Don't add more names. Only significant ones should be included in the infobox. Don't add names of avatars including Bhumi, Sita, etc.--->ಭಾರ್ಗವಿ, ಕಮಲಾ, ನಾರಾಯಣಿ, ಪದ್ಮಾ, ಶ್ರೀ | siblings = [[ಅಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ]] | parents = | day = [[ಶುಕ್ರವಾರ]] | affiliation = {{bulleted list|[[ವೈಷ್ಣವ ಧರ್ಮ]]|[[ಶಾಕ್ತ ಧರ್ಮ]]|[[ತ್ರಿದೇವಿ]]|[[ಆದಿ ಶಕ್ತಿ]]| [[ಅಷ್ಟ ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿ]]}} | tree = [[ತುಳಸಿ]] | deity_of = ಮಾತೃ ದೇವತೆ<br />ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿ, ಅದೃಷ್ಟ, ಸಂಪತ್ತು, ಶಕ್ತಿ, ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿ, ಸೌಂದರ್ಯದ ದೇವತೆ<ref> #{{cite book|title=Journal of Historical Research, Volumes 28-30|page=3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HPBtAAAAMAAJ|publisher=Department of History, Ranchi University|year=1991|quote=Lord Visnu is the refuge of the world and Goddess Lakshmi is the energy behind the Universe.}} #{{cite book|title=Hinduism: Analytical Study|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vpiU9m7T_tQC|page=26|author1=Amulya Mohapatra|author2=Bijaya Mohapatra|publisher=Mittal Publications|date=1 January 1993|isbn = 9788170993889|quote=Sri or Laxmi is the goddess of wealth and fortune, power and beauty.}} #{{cite book|title=The Book of Devi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=on_ZhlB5taUC|page=47|author=Bulbul Sharma|publisher=Penguin Books India|year=2010|isbn = 9780143067665|quote=Sri or Lakshmi, as depicted in the sacred texts, is the goddess of wealth and fortune, royal power and beauty.}} #{{cite book|title=Hindu Gods & Goddesses|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eIqyv8A9XBAC|page=132|author=Stephen Knapp|publisher=Jaico Publishing House|year=2012|isbn = 9788184953664|quote=Goddess Lakshmi is the consort and shakti, or potency, of Lord Vishnu. Lakshmi, or Sri when she is especially known as the goddess of beauty (though sometimes considered to be separate entities), is the goddess of fortune, wealth, power, and loveliness.}} #{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=82oFlfs3MpwC&pg=PA55|title=The Goddesses' Mirror: Visions of the Divine from East and West|author=David Kinsley|publisher=SUNY Press|date=1 January 1989|page=55|isbn=9780887068362}} #{{cite book|title=The Cinematic Jane Austen: Essays on the Filmic Sensibility of the Novels|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0EPYqh8C2VgC|page=153|author1=David Monaghan|author2=Ariane Hudelet|author3=John Wiltshire|date = 10 January 2014|publisher=McFarland & Company|isbn = 9780786453221|quote=In Hindu mythology, Lakshmi is the goddess of wealth, power and beauty.}} #{{cite book|title=Rabindranath Tagore's Aesthetics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v3kkOn2T9D4C&pg=PA26|author=Kaushal Kishore Sharma|publisher=Abhinav Publications|year=1988|page=26|isbn = 9788170172376|quote=Lakshmi, our Goddess of wealth, represents not only beauty and power but also the spirit of goodness.}}</ref><ref name=mmwlak>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150520235132/http://faculty.washington.edu/prem/mw/l.html lakṣmī] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520235132/http://faculty.washington.edu/prem/mw/l.html |date=20 May 2015 }}, [[Monier Monier-Williams|Monier-Williams']] ''Sanskrit–English Dictionary'', University of Washington Archives</ref> ಬುಕ್ಕೊ [[ಮಾಯೆ]] ವೈಷ್ಣವ ಧರ್ಮದ ಸರ್ವೋಚ್ಚ ದೇವತೆ<ref>{{cite book|title=Lakshmi Tantra, Volumes -13|page=70|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pENlKmZ4r94C&q=supreme |publisher=Motilal Banarasidas Publishers |year=2007|isbn=9788120817357 }}</ref> [[ಪರಬ್ರಹ್ಮ]]<ref>{{cite book|title=Mahalakshmi Ashtakam|url=https://greenmesg.org/stotras/lakshmi/mahalakshmi_ashtakam.php |quote=Padmaasanasthite Devi Parabrahma Svaroopini Paramesi Jaganmaata, Mahalakshmi Namostu Te.O Devi, You are seated on the lotus, You are the Supreme Brahman, You are the great Lord and Mother of the universe, O Mahaalakshmi, obeisance to Thee.}}</ref> | member_of = [[ತ್ರಿದೇವಿಯರು]] ಬುಕ್ಕೊ [[ಪ್ರಾಕೃತಿ|ಪಂಚ ಪ್ರಾಕೃತಿ]] | symbols = [[Sacred lotus in religious art#Hinduism|ಪದ್ಮ (ತಾವರೆ)]], [[Shankha|ಶಂಖ]], ಚಕ್ರ, [[Gada (mace)|ಗದೆ]], [[Mudra#Jñāna Mudrā|ಜ್ಞಾನ ಮುದ್ರೆ]], [[Abhayamudra|ಅಭಯ ಮುದ್ರೆ]], [[Varadamudra|ವರದ ಮುದ್ರೆ]] | children = • [[ಕಾಮದೇವ]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.wisdomlib.org/hinduism/book/the-skanda-purana/d/doc423744.html | title=The Seven Holy Cities &#91;Chapter 7&#93; | date=6 September 2020 }}</ref> • ಬಾಲ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಉತ್ಸಾಹ (''[[ವಾಯು ಪುರಾಣ]]'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://doc-08-9g-docs.googleusercontent.com/docs/securesc/ju8svdjkd3vc3e04k57rtnejn5erico5/qq0a2nj044ves5bhjsesd6e6en99moed/1694308575000/02058467015715614041/11739233309228295674/1feDfjhpH5Yg_dcMvegkKCwooHSDP6Enpwp_0Uk-FTEh-98UgnQTFBORKNSAA30zfEwS7nZI8NcAYe6-4?ax=AA75yW7fHxJ8zH-w6VbiXp0Yu7izas6hgnTN63NVDi8WHC8efnTBOb_NLylg7QD0RwXupsCurPqJ_Lt0mYQYCewWTxEcol2b54oo_UIziMGNY42qY_LRj2Vbw3nrhK10fNKP0L-w7T35nFFc4XeZ6xvWpl9cPjIM51RnGHtfddEOaNhGIao7Ne0u1_iDoLldfW0qapjBjWCvVCqMfvbG5q-NunzTnslsnYvUsemQ8Bv1eqMt8DlJo6sWLGwD2CSi8eyfOFMJvA6j6_uA5v92v27SYlh8CgCRJ7MXUftd4rlbkEGCpqJiYs40i-hnLrVqk10ShqyHpd7Lo90_mdXM696CpwyKCySEbWueklYLL36M11_A5_yI313zLYTgy9iaL-xCm5PKREOSTlGSAwsdOL7l3h-cPYofwbQxCJPyzCzt0p8gTAS5cNSYsJZBaHLulTvbG6pQ-90LBAkFRUFAnnJDKLrZDQB7xO0pnnnxWCHYE40tY6RIo9z0WR5kCKppmIFYNhW9Y90KVLQ7duqomdaHxmT3L4ebmHFhRPSermsLQ_gM9jMoab7aVAdyZkBSpGaObuSV9Im_ydfFfd135dbJkO3qEpnINUagpPePJmP1wfTZCx9vs9I4fEIID86_RlD_99u5vtrmTq6u998kk1RpG3kCYjJZW8pXKAsrtAHPy0qWg4sasaJYSGiW3cZo5x3UySk4dCmsPtEJ3ZbUjh_VRxouoBqjmn4I9w1kghP3p8aW28tDhYrgwufWiMIUZwTCCGJI7axBjQyN-tFOR3lMu_jTAmsdrHj3evR0s_4k35nktuYb05IKGvX8NN_syDO4PxXPX3klPybs9EgkfwZaRjf2TwOT_3gDqWFoVGBiFHDff1FrzF01SgapwmLhR_u67D41jsEOHCQQvi-oUyn4eg9-XzR0-imZARN55cm8dVrcarH8vn0wOXdGlLSaMDo&uuid=31d73e62-3ff0-4f18-ad74-c950fc42a8e0&authuser=0&nonce=s4r3oduub409i&user=11739233309228295674&hash=mshkng5k66qcjrse85t07m8382tv5h8p|title=CHAPTER TWENTYEIGHT|website=doc-08-9g-docs.googleusercontent.com}}</ref> • ಕರ್ದಮ, ಚಿಕ್ಲಿತಾ, ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ೧೬ ಬೇತೆ ಆಂಜೊವುಲು (೧೮ ಆಂಜೊವುಲು) (''[[ಋಗ್ವೇದ]]'')<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.stephen-knapp.com/prayers_to_goddess_lakshmi.htm | title=Prayers to Goddess Lakshmi }}</ref> • [[ದೇವಸೇನಾ]] ಬುಕ್ಕೊ [[ಸುಂದರವಲ್ಲಿ|ವಲ್ಲಿ]] (ಮಗಳ್ನಕುಲು) (ಕರಾವಳಿ/ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯ) | abode = [[ವೈಕುಂಠ]], [[ಮಣಿದ್ವೀಪ]] | mantra =*[[Om Shreem Mahalakshmiyei Namaha]] *ॐ श्रीं श्रियें नमः। (Om̐ Śrī Sriyem̐ Namaḥ) | mount = [[ಗಿಡಿ]], [[ಆನೆ]], [[ಪಿಲಿ]], [[ಗುಮ್ಮೆ]] | consort = [[ವಿಷ್ಣು]]<ref name=anandrao167/> | festivals = [[ದೀಪಾವಳಿ]] ([[ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿ ಪೂಜೆ]]), [[ಶರದೂರ್ಣಿಮೆ]], [[ವರಮಹಾಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿ ವ್ರತ]], [[ನವರಾತ್ರಿ]], [[ಸಂಕ್ರಾಂತಿ]]<ref>{{cite news|title=Translating the secrets of Makara Sankranti|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/blogs/tea-with-life/translating-the-secrets-of-makara-sankranti/|date=14 January 2021|publisher=Times of India}}</ref> }} [[File:Lakshmi by Raja Ravi Varma.jpg|thumb|'''ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ''' ರಾಜಾ ರವಿ ವರ್ಮದರೆನ ಚಿತ್ರ]] '''ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ''' [[ಹಿಂದೂ]] ಧರ್ಮದ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ದೇವತೆಲುಡು ಒಂಜಾತುಂಡು. ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ಸಂಪತ್ತು, ಅದೃಷ್ಟ, ಶಕ್ತಿ, ಸೌಂದರ್ಯ, ಫಲವತ್ತತೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿದ ದೇವತೆ,<ref>James G. Lochtefeld (15 December 2001). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Volume 1. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8239-3179-8.</ref> ಮಾಯೋ ("ಭ್ರಮೆ") ತ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಹೊಂದುದಲ್. ಪಾರ್ವತಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಸರಸ್ವತಿ ನಕಲೊಟ್ಟುಗು [[ಹಿಂದೂ]] ದೇವತೆಲೆನ ತ್ರಿದೇವಿ‌ ಸ್ವರೂಪಾಡ್ ಆರಾಧಿಸುವೆರ್.<ref>Mark W. Muesse. The Hindu Traditions: A Concise Introduction. Fortress Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-1451414004.</ref> ದೇವತೆ-ಆಧಾರಿತವಾಯಿನ ಶಕ್ತಿ ಧರ್ಮಡು, ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ನ್ ಮಾತೃ ದೇವತೆಯಾದ್ ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿದ ಅಂಶವಾಗದ್ ಪೂಜೆ ಮನ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref>Upendra Nath Dhal (1978). Goddess Laksmi: Origin and Development. Oriental Publishers & Distributors. p. 109. Goddess Lakşmī is stated as the genetrix of the world; she maintains them as a mother ought to do. So she is often called as the Mātā.</ref><ref name="Williams, George M. 2003 pp. 196">Williams, George M. (2003). Handbook of Hindu Mythology. ABC-CLIO, Inc. pp. 196–8. ISBN 1-85109-650-7.</ref> ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ಹಿಂದೂ ದೇವರು ವಿಷ್ಣುವಿನ ಬೊಡೆದಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ‌ ದೈವಿಕ ಶಕ್ತಿ, ವೈಷ್ಣವೆರ್ ನ ಪರಮ ಭಕ್ತಿ ಎಪೋಲ ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ಗೇ; ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ಪಂಥೊಡ್ ಸರ್ವೋಚ್ಚ ದೇವತೆಯಾದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಾಂಡನ್ ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಸಾರೆ, ರಕ್ಷಿಸಾರೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪರಿವರ್ತನೆ ಮನ್ಪರೆ ವಿಷ್ಣುಗ್ ಸಹಾಯ ಮನ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref>Anand Rao (2004). Soteriologies of India. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 167. ISBN 978-3-8258-7205-2. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2016.</ref><ref>Williams, George M. (2003). Handbook of Hindu Mythology. ABC-CLIO, Inc. pp. 196–8. ISBN 1-85109-650-7. Sashi Bhusan Dasgupta (2004). Evolution of Mother Worship in India. Advaita Ashrama (A Publication House of Ramakrishna Math, Belur Math). p. 20. ISBN 9788175058866.</ref> ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ಶ್ರೀ ವೈಷ್ಣವ ಧರ್ಮೋಡು ವಿಶೇಷವಾದ್ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಯಾದುಲ್ಲೆರ್, ಅಯಿಟ್ ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ನ ಭಕ್ತಿ ವಿಷ್ಣುನು ತಲುಪರೆ ನಿರ್ಣಾಯಕವಾದುಂಡು ಪಂದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲಾಪುಂಡು.<ref>Carman, John Braisted; Vasudha Narayanan (1989). The Tamil Veda : Piḷḷān's interpretation of the Tiruvāymol̲i. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-09305-0. OCLC 18624684.</ref> ವಿಷ್ಣು ದೇವೆರ್ ಭೂಮಿಗ್ ಅವತಾರವಾದ್ ಜಪ್ಪುನಗ, ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀಲ ವಿಷ್ಣು ದೇವೆರ್ ನ ಜತೆಟ್ ಬೊಡೆದ್ ಆದ್ ಅವತಾರ ಬೈದೆರ್. ಉದಾರ್ಮೆಗ್, ರಾಮನೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ಸೀತೆಯಾದ್, ಕೃಷ್ಣ ನೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ರುಕ್ಮಿಣಿಯಾದ್. <ref name="Williams, George M. 2003 pp. 196"/><ref>Coulter, Charles Russell; Turner, Patricia (4 July 2013). Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities. Routledge. ISBN 9781135963903.</ref><ref>Monaghan, Patricia (31 December 2010). Goddesses in World Culture. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-35465-6.</ref> == ಪುಟ್ಟು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಮದಿಮೆ == [[ವಿಷ್ಣು]] ಪುರಾಣದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಇಂದ್ರಲೋಕದ ಪೂರಾ ಸಂಪತ್ತುಲ ಸಮುದ್ರ ಪಾಲನಾಗ, ಮಹಾವಿಷ್ಣುವಿನ ಆಜ್ಞೆ ದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ 33ಕೋಟಿ ದೇವತೆಲು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ 66 ಕೋಟಿ ರಕ್ಕಸೆನಕುಲು ಸೇರುದು ಸಮುದ್ರ ಡ್ ಮಂದಾರ ಪರ್ವತ ನ್ ದೀದ್ ವಾಸುಕಿ ನ್ ಬಲ್ಲುದ ಒರುಟು ಪತ್ತುದು ತೊಲ್ಪರೆ ಸುರು ಮನ್ಪುನಗ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಾಂಡದ ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಯಾಂಡ್. ದೈವಿಕವಾಯಿನ ಪೆತ್ತ ಕಾಮಧೇನು, ವಾರುಣಿ, ಪಾರಿಜಾತ ಮರ, ಅಪ್ಸರೆ ನಕುಲು, ಚಂದ್ರ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಧನ್ವಂತರಿದೊಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಅಮೃತ, ಅಯಿತ ಜತೆಗ್ ತಾವರೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದು ಪೇರ ಕಡಲ್ಡದು ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ದೇವಿ ಪಿದಯಿ ಬತ್ತೆರ್. ಅದಾಗ ಅಲ್ಪ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಪೂರಾ ರಕ್ಕಸೆನಕುಲು ಎಂಕ್ ಎಂಕ್ ಪಂದ್ ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ದೇವಿನ್ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆವರೆ ಬಯಕಿಯೆರ್. ಅದಗ [[ಬ್ರಹ್ಮ]] ದೇವೆರ್ ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ದೇವಿನ ಕೈಟ್ ವರಹಾಮಾಲೆ ಕೊರ್ದು ಏರ್ ಬೋಡು ಅಕಲೆನ ನಾಲಿಗ್ ಮಾಲೆ ಪಾಡುದು ನಿನ್ನ ಕಂಡನಿ ನ್ ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮನ್ಪುಲಾ ಪಂಡೆರ್. ಅಂಚಿನ ತುಂಬುದಿನ ಸಭೆಡ್ ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ದೇವೀಗ್ ತೋಜಿನಿ ಮಹಾವಿಷ್ಣು ದೇವೇರ್ ಮಾತ್ರ. ಅಂಚ ಅರೆನ ನಾಲಿಗ್ ಮಾಲೆ ಪಾಡುದು ಸದಾ ಅರೆನ ವೃಕ್ಷ ಸ್ಥಳ ಡ್ ನೆಲೆ ಆದುಪ್ಪುವೇ ಪಂದ್ ಅಲೆನ್ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯೇರ್.<ref>van Buitenen, J. A. B., trans. Classical Hinduism: A Reader in the Sanskrit Puranas, edited by Cornelia Dimmitt. Temple University Press. ISBN 978-0877221227. pp. 95–99</ref><ref>Why Lakshmi goes to wrong people?". english.webdunia.com. Archived from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2020</ref> ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ದೇವೀನ್ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಕಲೆಟ್ ಬಾರೀ ಪೊರ್ಲುದ ದುತ್ತೈತೊಡು, ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿದ ಬಂಗಾರದ ಬರ್ಸ ಬರ್ಪಿಲೆಕ್ಕ, ತಾವರೆದ ಸಿಂಹಾಸನದ ಮಿತ್ತು ಪದ್ಮಾಸನ ಪಾಡುದಿನ ಭಂಗಿಡ್ ಅಥವಾ ಉಂತುದಿನ ಭಂಗಿಡ್, ಕೈಟ್ ತಾವರೆ ನ್ ಪತ್ತೊಂದು, ಅದೃಷ್ಟ, ಆತ್ಮಜ್ಞಾನ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಆಧ್ಯಾತ್ಮಿಕ ವಿಮೋಚನೆದ ಸಂಕೇತ ಪಂದ್ ತೋಜಾವೊಂದು,ಬಾರೀ ಪೊರ್ಲುದ ರೂಪದ ಪೊಂಜುವಾದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್.<ref>James G. Lochtefeld (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 385–386. ISBN 978-0-8239-3179-8. Retrieved 15 October 2016.</ref><ref>Heinrich Robert Zimmer (2015). Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization. Princeton University Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-4008-6684-7. Retrieved 15 October 2016.</ref> ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ದೇವೀನ ಪ್ರತಿಮಾಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಲು ಹಿಂದೂ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿದ ಪ್ರಮುಖವಾಯಿನ ಮಾನವ ಜೀವನದ ನಾಲ್ ಅಂಶಲಾಯಿನ ಧರ್ಮ, ಕಾಮ, ಅರ್ಥ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಮೋಕ್ಷ ನ್ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸುನ ನಾಲ್ ಕೈಲೆನ್ ತೋಜಾವುಂಡು.<ref>Rhodes, Constantina. 2011. Invoking Lakshmi: The Goddess of Wealth in Song and Ceremony. State University of New York Press, ISBN 978-1438433202. pp. 29–47, 220–52.</ref><ref>"Divali – THE SYMBOLISM OF LAKSHMI." Trinidad and Tobago: National Library and Information System Authority. 2009. Archived from the original on 8 November 2014.</ref> ಸ್ಕಂದ ಪುರಾಣಡ್ ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ಸಹಸ್ರನಾಮ, ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿ ತಂತ್ರ, ಮಾರ್ಕಂಡೇಯ ಪುರಾಣೊ, ದೇವಿ ಮಾಹಾತ್ಮ್ಯ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವೈದಿಕ ಗ್ರಂಥಲೆಡು ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ದೇವಿನ್ ಎಡ್ಮ ಅಥವಾ ಪದಿನೆಡ್ಮ ಕೈಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದೆರ್ ಅತೆ ಅತ್ತಾವಂದೆ, ಗರುಡೆ, ಸಿಂಹ, ಪಿಲಿತ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಕುಳ್ದೇರ್ ಪಂದ್ ವಿವರಣೆ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.[26][27][28] <ref>D. R. Rajeswari (1989). Sakti Iconography. Intellectual Publishing House. p. 19. ISBN 9788170760153. According to Sapta Sati the iconographical characteristics of Lakshmi are as follows: She is having 18 hands carrying rosary, axe, mace, arrow, thunderbolt, lotus, pitcher, rod, Sakti, Sword, Shield, Conch, bell, wine-cup, trident, noose and the discus</ref><ref>Saligrama Krishna Ramachandra Rao (1991). Pratima Kosha: Descriptive Glossary of Indian Iconography, Volume 5. IBH Prakashana. p. 65.</ref><ref>H. C. Das (1985). Cultural Development in Orissa. Punthi Pustak. p. 337. The Bisvakarmasastra depicts her holding a pot, a club in her right hands, and a shield and a wood apple in the left. The Markandeya Purana describes the developed form of Laksmi having as many as 18 hands.</ref> ಸ್ಕಂದ ಪುರಾಣ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವೆಂಕಟಾಚಲ ಮಹಾತ್ಮೈಡ್ ಶ್ರೀಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿನ್ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮನ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಪಂದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೇರ್.<ref>Jaitentra Prakash Jain (1951). Skand Puran (PDF). Motilal banarasidas. p. 66. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 October 2022. Retrieved 19 July 2022. Obeisance to Sri. the mother of the worlds. Obeisance, obeisance to the mother of Brahma. Hail to you, to the lotuseyed one. Obeisance, obeisance to the lotus-faced one</ref> ನವರಾತ್ರಿದ ಸಮಯೊಡು, ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ಪೂಜೆದ ದಿನ, ದೀಪಾವಳಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಶರದ್ ಪೂರ್ಣಿಮಾ ಹಬ್ಬಗಳನ್ನು ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ಗೌರವಾರ್ಥವಾಗದ್ ಆಚರಿಲ್ಪಡುವುಂಡು.<ref>Jones, Constance (2011). J. G. Melton (ed.). Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations. pp. 253–254, 798. ISBN 978-1598842050.</ref> ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತೊಡು ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ನ್ ಲಕ್ಷ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಲಕ್ಷ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಮೂಲ ಪದದ ವ್ಯುತ್ಪನ್ನವಾದುಂಡು., ಉಂದೆತ ಅರ್ಥ ಕ್ರಮವಾದ್ 'ಗ್ರಹಿಸುವುನು, ಗಮನಿಸಾವುನು, ತಿಳಿಯೊನ್ನು, ಅರ್ಥ ಮಂತು ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ' ಬುಕ್ಕೊ 'ಗುರಿ, ಉದ್ದೇಶ'.<ref>"lakṣ, लक्ष्." Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Germany: University of Koeln. Archived 20 May 2015 at the Wayback MachineRhodes, Constantina. 2011. Invoking Lakshmi: The Goddess of Wealth in Song and Ceremony. State University of New York Press, ISBN 978-1438433202. Vijaya Kumara, 108 Names of Lakshmi, Sterling Publishers, ISBN 9788120720282</ref> === ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ದೇವೀಗನ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಪುದರ್ಲು === ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ದೇವಿ ಅವೇತೋ ವಿಶೇಷಣಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದೇರ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಹಿಂದೂ ಧರ್ಮದ ಪುರಾತನ ಸ್ತೋತ್ರಡ್ ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮೀ ದೇವೀಗ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಪುದರ್ ಡ್ ಮಂತ್ರ ನ್ ಪಠಿಸಾವೇರ್.[39][40] <ref>Rhodes, Constantina. 2011. Invoking Lakshmi: The Goddess of Wealth in Song and Ceremony. State University of New York Press, ISBN 978-1438433202. Vijaya Kumara, 108 Names of Lakshmi, Sterling Publishers, ISBN 9788120720282</ref> * ಶ್ರೀ (ಕಾಂತಿ, ಶ್ರೇಷ್ಠತೆ, ವೈಭವ, ಸಂಪತ್ತು), * ಪದ್ಮ (ತಾವರೆ ಡ್ ನೆಲೆ ಆತೀನಾರ್), * ಕಮಲಾ ಅಥವಾ ಕಮಲಾತ್ಮಿಕಾ (ತಾವರೆ ದ ಲೆಕ್ಕ), *ಪದ್ಮಪ್ರಿಯಾ ತಾವರೆ ನ್ ಇಷ್ಟ ಪಡುನಾರ್ ), *ಪದ್ಮಮಾಲಾಧರ ದೇವಿ (ತಾವರೆದ ಮಾಲೆನ್ ಪಾಡುದಿನ ದೇವಿ) * ಪದ್ಮಮುಖಿ (ತಾವರೆ ದ ಲೆಕ್ಕೊ ಮೋನೆ ಇತ್ತಿನಾರ್ ) * ಪದ್ಮಾಕ್ಷಿ ( ತಾವರೆ ದ ಲೆಕ್ಕೊ ಕಣ್ಣ್ ಇತ್ತಿನಾರ್ ) * ಪದ್ಮಹಸ್ತ (ತಾವರೆ ದ ಲೆಕ್ಕೊ ಮೋನೆ ಇತ್ತಿನಾರ್ ) * ಪದ್ಮಸುಂದರಿ (ತಾವರೆ ದ ಲೆಕ್ಕೊ ಪೊರ್ಲು ಇತ್ತಿನಾರ್) *ಪದ್ಮಾವತಿ ( ತಾವರೆ ಡ್ ಪುಟ್ಟುದಿನಾರ್) * ಶ್ರೀಜಾ (ಶ್ರೀಜಾತಿಕಾ) * ನಾರಾಯಣಿ ( ನಾರಾಯಣನ ಬೊಡೆದಿ) * ವೈಷ್ಣವಿ ( ವಿಷ್ಣುನ ಶಕ್ತಿ) * ವಿಷ್ಣುಪ್ರಿಯಾ (ವಿಷ್ಣು ಗ್ ಇಷ್ಟ ದಾರ್) * ನಂದಿಕ (ಆನಂದನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನಾರ್) * ಮಹಾದೇವಿ ( ಮಾ ಮಲ್ಲ ದೇವತೆ) * ಮಹಾಮಾಯೆ (ಮಾ ಮಲ್ಲ ಭ್ರಮೆ) * ಕರವೀರ ನಿವಾಸಿ (ಕರವೀರ/ಕೊಲ್ಹಾಪುರಡ್ ವಾಸ ಮನ್ಪುನಾರ್) ಶ್ರೀ ದೇವಿ ಮಾಹಾತ್ಮ್ಯೇಡ್ ಮಹಾಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿ, ಮಹಾಕಾಳಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಮಹಾಸರಸ್ವತಿ ಆದ್ ಪ್ರಧಾನ ದೇವತೆಲು ಪಂದ್ ಸ್ತುತಿ ಮನ್ಪುವೆರ್. * ಭುವನೇಶ್ವರಿ (ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಾಂಡದ ರಾಣಿ) * ಕಾತ್ಯಾಯನಿ (ಕಾತ್ಯಾಯನ ಋಷಿನ ಮಗಳ್) * ಕೌಶಿಕಿ (ಅಥವಾ ಕೋಶ/ಕವಚಡ್‌ದ್ ಪಿದಯಿ ಬೈದಿನ ಶಕ್ತಿ) * ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣಿ ( ಬ್ರಹ್ಮನ ಶಕ್ತಿ) * ಕಾಮಾಕ್ಷಿ (ಕಣ್ಣುಡೇ ಆಸೆಲೆನ್ ಪೂರೈಸುನಾಲ್) * ಚಂಡಿ (ಮಹಿಷಾಸುರನ್ ಕೆರ್ತಿನಾಲ್) * ಚಾಮುಂಡಾ (ಚಂಡ- ಮುಂಡರೆನ್ ಕೆರ್ತಿನಾಲ್) * ಮಧು ಕೈಟಭ ಭಂಜಿನಿ (ಮಧು ಕೈಟಭರೆನ್ ಕೆರ್ತಿನಾಲ್) * ದುರ್ಗ (ದುರ್ಗಮಾಸುರನ್ ಕೆರ್ತಿನಾಲ್) * ಮಹೇಶ್ವರಿ (ಮಹೇಶ್ವರನ ಶಕ್ತಿ) * ವರಾಹಿ (ವರಾಹನ ಶಕ್ತಿ) * ನಾರಸಿಂಹಿ (ನಾರಸಿಂಹನ ಶಕ್ತಿ) * ಶ್ರೀವಿದ್ಯಾ (ವಿದ್ಯೆ ಗ್ ದೇವತೆ) * ಶ್ರೀ ಮಂತ್ರ ರಾಜ ರಜಿನಿ (ವಿದ್ಯೆಗ್ ರಾಣಿ) * ಷಡಧರಾದಿ ದೇವತಾ (ಆಜಿ ಚಕ್ರಲೆನ ದೇವತೆ).<ref>Prabhakar T. Malshe (1974). Kolhapur: A Study in Urban Geography. University of Poona. p. 3. Munindra Misra (4 August 2015). Lord Vishnu & Goddess Lakshmi. Osmora Publishing. ISBN 9782765916727.</ref> == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಸ್ತ್ರೀವಾದೊ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಜಾನಪದೊ 2024]] 27k8sbh591j7f6xfhx071hnfbo8ezru 0 16544 366792 214379 2026-08-23T23:48:15Z InternetArchiveBot 4316 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 366792 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = ಅರ್ಚನಾ | image = Archana .jpg | caption = ಅರ್ಚನಾ ಅರೆನ ತೆಲುಗು ಸಿನಿಮೊ [[ :en:Daasi|''ದಾಸಿ'' ]]೧೯೮೮ ನೇ ಇಸವಿದ ಅಬಿನಯೊಗಾದ್ ಭಾರತದ ಮಾಜಿ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಪತಿ ಅರೆನ ಕೈರ್ದ್ [[:en: National Film Award for Best Actress |ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮ ನಟಿಗಾದ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ]]ನ್ ಪಡೆಯೆರ್. | birth_name = ಸುಧಾ | birth_date = | birth_place = [[ವಿಜಯವಾಡ]], [[ಆಂಧ್ರ ಪ್ರದೇಶ|ಆಂಧ್ರಪ್ರದೇಶ]], [[ಭಾರತ]] | death_date = | death_place = | other_names = | occupation = ನಟಿ | known_for = | notable_works = | awards = [[:en:National Film Award for Best Actress|ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮ ನಟಿಗಾದ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ]]<br/>[[:en:Nandi Special Jury Award|ನಂದಿ ವಿಶೇಷ ತೀರ್ಪುಗಾರೆನ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ]] }} '''ಅರ್ಚನಾ''' (ಪುಟ್ಟಿ ಪುದರ್ ಸುಧಾ) ಮೇರ್ ಒರ್ತಿ ಭಾರತೀಯ ನಟಿ, [[ಕೂಚಿಪೂಡಿ|ಕೂಚಿಪುಡಿ]] ಬುಕ್ಕ [[ಕಥಕ್]] ನೃತ್ಯಗಾರ್ತಿ ಅಂಚನೆ [[ತೆಲುಗು ಬಾಸೆ|ತೆಲುಗು]], [[ತಮಿಳು ಬಾಸೆ|ತಮಿಳು]], [[ಮಲಯಾಳಂ ಬಾಸೆ|ಮಲಯಾಳಂ]] ಬುಕ್ಕ [[ಕನ್ನಡ ಬಾಸೆ|ಕನ್ನಡ]] ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆಡ್ ಬೇಲೆ ಮಲ್ದೆರ್. ಮೆರೆನ ಅಬಿನಯೊಗ್ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಚಿತ್ರರಂಗೊಡ್ ಶ್ರೇಷ್ಠ ಕಲಾವಿದೆರೆಡ್ ಒರ್ತಿ ಪಂಡ್ ಪರಿಗಣನೆ ಮಲ್ದೆರ್. ಆರ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ [[:en: National Film Awards|ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ]]ನ್ ಗೆಂದ್‍ದೆರ್ .<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/04/stories/2007050404900200.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130125130333/http://www.hindu.com/2007/05/04/stories/2007050404900200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 January 2013 |title=Waiting for good roles: Archana |date=4 May 2007 |work=[[The Hindu]] |access-date=8 May 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/gallery/Events/13026.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070824062806/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/gallery/events/13026.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 August 2007 |title=Star Talk - Archana |date=22 August 2007 |work=IndiaGlitz |access-date=8 May 2010}}</ref> == ಸಿನಿಮೊಲು == ===ಅರ್ಚನಾ ನಟನೆದ ತಮಿಳು ಸಿನಿಮೊಲು=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! ವರ್ಸ!! ತರೆಬರವು!! ಪಾತ್ರೊ |- |rowspan="2"|೧೯೮೦ |''[[:en:Thai Pongal (film)|ತೈ ಪೊಂಗಲ್]]'' || |- |''ತುಣಿವೆ ತೊಝನ್'' || <ref>{{cite web|last1=Sethumadhavan|first1=K. S.|title=Archana|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0254122/|accessdate=29 March 2025}}</ref> |- |೧೯೮೨ |''[[:en:Kadhal Oviyam|ಕಾದಲ್ ಓವಿಯಂ]]'' || |- |೧೯೮೩ |''ವಸಂತಮೆ ವರುಗ'' || |- |೧೯೮೪ |''[[:en:Neengal Kettavai|ನೀಂಗಲ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟವೈ]]'' || ರಾಧಾ |- |rowspan="2"|೧೯೮೫ |''[[:en:Yemaatrathe Yemaaraathe|ಯೇಮಾತ್ರತೇ ಯೇಮಾರಾತೇ]]'' || |- |''ಪುಯಲ್ ಕಡಂತ ಬೂಮಿ'' || |- |೧೯೮೭ |''[[:en:Rettai Vaal Kuruvi|ರೆಟ್ಟೈ ವಾಳ್ ಕುರುವಿ]]'' || ತುಳಸಿ |- |೧೯೮೮ |''[[:en:Veedu|ವೀಡು]]'' || ಸುಧಾ |- |೧೯೮೯ |''[[:en:Sandhya Raagam (1989 film)|ಸಂಧ್ಯಾ ರಾಗಂ]]'' || ತುಳಸಿ |- |೧೯೯೧ |''ವೈದೇಹಿ ವಂಧಾಚು'' || |- |rowspan="2"|೨೦೦೭ |''[[:en:Parattai Engira Azhagu Sundaram|ಪರತ್ತೈ ಎಂಗಿರ ಅಳಗು ಸುಂದರಂ]]'' || ಮೀನಾಕ್ಷಿ |- |''[[:en:Onbadhu Roobai Nottu|ಒಂಬದು ರೂಬಾಯಿ ನೋಟು]]''|| ವೆಲೈ |- |rowspan="2"|೨೦೧೮ |''[[:en:Kinar (film)|ಕೇಣಿ]]''|| ಸುಗಂತಿ |- |''[[:en:Seethakaathi|ಸೀತಕಾತಿ]]''|| ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿ |- |rowspan="2"|೨೦೧೯ |''[[:en:Namma Veettu Pillai|ನಮ್ಮ ಮನೆ ಪಿಳ್ಳೈ]]'' || ತೇನ್ಮೋಳಿ |- |''[[:en:Azhiyatha Kolangal 2|ಅಜಿಯಾತ ಕೊಳಂಗಲ್ ೨]]'' || ಮೋಹನ |- |} ===ಅರ್ಚನಾ ನಟನೆದ ತೆಲುಗು ಸಿನಿಮೊಲು=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! ವರ್ಸ !! ತರೆಬರವು !! ಪಾತ್ರೊ!! ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿ |- |೧೯೮೧|| ''ಮಧುರ ಗೀತಂ'' || || |- |೧೯೮೩|| ''ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ವೆಂಕಟಸ್ವಾಮಿ'' || || |- |rowspan="2"|೧೯೮೬|| ''[[:en:Nireekshana|ನಿರೀಕ್ಷಣಾ]]'' || ತುಳಸಿ || |- | ''[[:en:Ladies Tailor|ಲೇಡೀಸ್ ಟೈಲರ್]]'' || ಸುಜಾತಾ || |- |rowspan="3"|೧೯೮೮|| ''ಉಕ್ಕು ಸಂಕೆಲ್ಲು'' || || |- | ''[[:en:Daasi (1988 film)|ದಾಸಿ]]'' || ಕಾಮಾಕ್ಷಿ || |- | ''ಯೋಗಿ ವೇಮನ'' ||ವಿಶ್ವದ || |- |೧೯೯೦|| ''[[:en:Matti Manushulu|ಮಟ್ಟಿ ಮನುಷ್ಯರು]]'' || || |- |rowspan="2"|೧೯೯೧||''[[:en:Bharat Bandh|ಭಾರತ್ ಬಂದ್]]'' || || |- | ''ವಿಧಾತ'' || ಜ್ವಾಲಾ ||<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vidhata 1991 Telugu Movie Cast Crew, Actors, Director, Vidhata Producer, Banner, Music Director, Singers & Lyricists |url=https://moviegq.com/movie/vidhata-9356/cast-crew |access-date=2023-10-23 |website=MovieGQ |language=en |archivedate=2023-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030170213/https://moviegq.com/movie/vidhata-9356/cast-crew |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |rowspan="2"|೧೯೯೨|| ''[[:en:Chakravyuham|ಚಕ್ರವ್ಯೂಹಂ]]'' || || |- |''ಪ್ರೇಮ ದ್ರೋಹಿ'' || || |- |೧೯೯೪||''ಪಚ್ಚ ತೋರಣಂ'' || || |- |೨೦೨೨ |[[:en:Chor Bazaar (film)|''ಚೋರ್ ಬಜಾರ್'']] | |} ===ಅರ್ಚನಾ ನಟನೆದ ಮಲಯಾಳಂ ಸಿನಿಮೊಲು === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! ವರ್ಸ!! ತರೆಬರವು!! ಪಾತ್ರೊ |- |೧೯೮೫|| ''[[:en:Thammil Thammil|ತಮ್ಮಿಲ್ ತಮ್ಮಿಲ್]]'' || ಗಾಯತ್ರಿ |- |೧೯೮೬|| ''[[:en:Malamukalile Daivam|ಮಲಮುಕಲಿಲೆ ದೈವಂ]]'' || ಮೇರಿ |- |೧೯೮೯|| ''[[:en:Piravi|ಪಿರವಿ]]''|| ಚಾಕ್ಯಾರನ ಮಗಳು |- |೧೯೯೧||''[[:en:Onnaam Muhurtham|ಓನ್ನಾಂ ಮುಹೂರ್ತಂ]]'' || ರಾಧಿಕಾ ವಿಶ್ವನಾಥ್ |- |೧೯೯೨|| ''[[:en:Yamanam|ಯಮನಂ]]'' || ಅಂಬಿಲ್ |- |೧೯೯೪|| ''[[:en:Sammohanam|ಸಮ್ಮೋಹನಂ]]'' || ಪೆನ್ನು |- |೧೯೯೬|| ''ಮಾದಮ್ಮಾ'' |- |೨೦೧೮|| ''[[:en:Kinar (film)|ಕಿನಾರ್]]'' || ಸುಗಂತಿ |- |} ===ಅರ್ಚನಾ ನಟನೆದ ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಿನಿಮೊಲು=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! ವರ್ಸ!! ತರೆಬರವು!! ಪಾತ್ರೊ |- |೧೯೮೫|| ''[[:en:Premigala Saval|ಪ್ರೇಮಿಗಳ ಸವಾಲ್]]'' |- |rowspan="2"|೧೯೮೬||''[[:en:Belli Naaga|ಬೆಲ್ಲಿ ನಾಗ]]'' |- | ''[[:en:Guri (1986 film)|ಗುರಿ]]'' ||ಶಾಂತಾದೇವಿ |- |೧೯೮೭|| ''[[:en:Ondu Muttina Kathe|ಒಂದು ಮುತ್ತಿನ ಕಥೆ]]'' ||ಕಾಕಿ |- |೧೯೯೬|| ''[[:en:Huliya (film)|ಹುಲಿಯ]]'' ||ಮೈದಾನಿ<ref>{{cite web|last1=Said|first1=Suma|title=Archana – ಅರ್ಚನಾ (1982/೧೯೮೨)|url=https://kannadamoviesinfo.wordpress.com/2012/12/29/archana-1982/|website=Kannada Movies Info|accessdate=29 March 2025|language=en|date=29 December 2012}}</ref> |- |} ===ಅರ್ಚನಾ ಬೇತೆ ಬಾಸೆಲೆಡ್ ನಟನೆ ಮಲ್ದಿನ ಸಿನಿಮೊದ ಪಟ್ಟಿ=== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! ವರ್ಸ!! ತರೆಬರವು!! ಬಾಸೆ!!ಪಾತ್ರೊ |- |೧೯೮೯||''[[:en:Bagh Bahadur|ಬಾಗ್ ಬಹದ್ದೂರ್]]'' ||ಬಂಗಾಳಿ||ರಾಧ |- |೧೯೯೩||''ಮೋ ಕನ್ಹುರೆ''||ಒಡಿಯಾ |- |೨೦೦೨|| ''[[:en:Nishad (2002 film)|ನಿಶಾದ್]]'' ||ಹಿಂದಿ||ಸತಿ ಗುಜರಾಲ್<ref>{{cite web|title=Archana {{!}} Actress|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0033610/|website=IMDb|accessdate=29 March 2025}}</ref> |- |} == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಸ್ತ್ರೀವಾದೊ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಜಾನಪದೊ 2025]] h9tww1yywlifl3iqeta1hji8212ze0t 10 18809 366700 200582 2026-08-11T17:52:33Z en>Zinnober9 0 Restored revision 1185272999 by [[Special:Contributions/MusikBot II|MusikBot II]] ([[User talk:MusikBot II|talk]]): Revert, not a solution for blocks of text cases where linefeeds are used. bdi seems to be more an inline tag and gets stripped in block situatations. I don't object to the intention however. 200580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{|safesubst:}}}ifsubst|1=|2=<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />}}<span class="script-arabic script-Arab" {{#if:{{{lang|}}}|lang="{{{lang}}}"}} {{#ifeq: {{{no_rtl_mark|+}}} | {{{no_rtl_mark|-}}}||dir="rtl"}} style="font-size: {{{size|125%}}}; {{{style|}}}" {{{attributes|}}}>{{{1}}}</span>{{#ifeq: {{{no_rtl_mark|+}}} | {{{no_rtl_mark|-}}}||&lrm;}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 6tcygykkf1rmqkm53k9jhb1p2862872 366701 366700 2026-08-23T13:30:14Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:Script/Arabic]] 200580 wikitext text/x-wiki {{{{{|safesubst:}}}ifsubst|1=|2=<templatestyles src="Script/styles_arabic.css" />}}<span class="script-arabic script-Arab" {{#if:{{{lang|}}}|lang="{{{lang}}}"}} {{#ifeq: {{{no_rtl_mark|+}}} | {{{no_rtl_mark|-}}}||dir="rtl"}} style="font-size: {{{size|125%}}}; {{{style|}}}" {{{attributes|}}}>{{{1}}}</span>{{#ifeq: {{{no_rtl_mark|+}}} | {{{no_rtl_mark|-}}}||&lrm;}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 6tcygykkf1rmqkm53k9jhb1p2862872 10 18810 366702 356020 2026-07-15T13:45:39Z en>Theknightwho 0 Microsoft Uighur is not appropriate as a general Arabic font. 366702 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .script-arabic { font-family: 'Scheherazade New', Lateef, LateefGR, 'Noto Naskh Arabic', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arabic Typesetting', Amiri, 'Sakkal Majalla', 'Harmattan', 'SF Arabic', 'Arabic Transparent', 'Times New Roman', Arial, Parastoo, Calibri, 'Segoe UI', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Droid Arabic Naskh', serif, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; } loq52s30kuzu1sb9a8mjj2kcj1s6o4s 366703 366702 2026-08-23T13:30:14Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:Script/styles_arabic.css]] 366702 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .script-arabic { font-family: 'Scheherazade New', Lateef, LateefGR, 'Noto Naskh Arabic', 'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Arabic Typesetting', Amiri, 'Sakkal Majalla', 'Harmattan', 'SF Arabic', 'Arabic Transparent', 'Times New Roman', Arial, Parastoo, Calibri, 'Segoe UI', 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Droid Arabic Naskh', serif, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; } loq52s30kuzu1sb9a8mjj2kcj1s6o4s 10 18818 366706 201122 2026-03-24T10:07:54Z en>Colonies Chris 0 366706 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible {{{state|<noinclude>un</noinclude>collapsed}}}" style="font-size:85%; width:100%" |- ! colspan="9" style="background:white; border:1px solid black;" |{{navbar-collapsible |[[ISO 15924]] &ndash; [[Unicode]] &ndash; Wikidata &ndash; enwiki: Overview templates & properties |Template:ISO 15924/overview-templates}} |- ! Item !! In template !! <small>/subs</small> !! Content !! Example !! Publisher !! Usage !! [[WP:TPU|TPU]] !! Note <!--- ----- ----- ----- ----- MAIN IDs AND PROPS ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ---> |- {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924 code |data=ID |publisher=ISO 15924 |value='''Code''' (ISO) |Alpha-4 |example={{mono |Arab}}| usage=Everywhere |note=Alpha-4, enwiki central ISO script id list}} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924 alias |data=ID |publisher=Unicode |value='''Alias''' (Unicode) |Script name as used in Unicode |example=Arabic |usage=}} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924/wp-article |data=ID |publisher=enwiki |value='''Article''' (enwiki) |WP article that handles the script |example={{mono|1=<nowiki>[[</nowiki>}}[[Arabic script]]{{mono|1=<nowiki>]]</nowiki>}} |usage=}} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924/qid |data=ID |publisher=Wikidata |value='''QID''' (wikidata) |example=[[d:Q790681|Q790681]] |usage= }} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924 number |data=ID |publisher=ISO 15924 |value=Number; range&nbsp;000&ndash;999 |example={{mono|234}} |usage=rarely |note=ISO number not used as ID in enwiki; see {{mono|Code}}}} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924 alias/unicode-merged-into-script |data=Merged scripts |publisher=Unicode |value={{longitem |Scripts (sub)merged into main scripts}} |example={{mono|1=Latf&nbsp;&rarr; {{ISO 15924 alias/unicode-merged-into-script|alpha4=Latf}}}} |note=In mainspace: 10&times; hardcoded ([[:Template:ISO 15924 alias/unicode-merged-into-script|e.g.]]); 2&times;&nbsp;Q''xxx'' depr |usage=Script descriptions, re U+ }} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924 name |data=data |publisher=ISO 15924 |value=Name |example={{ISO 15924 name|1=Dsrt}} |usage= |ISO name can differ from Unicode (Alias) name;<br/>Formal French name not used in enwiki }} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924/unicode-chapter |data=data |publisher=Unicode |value=Unicode chapter |example={{ISO 15924/unicode-chapter|1=Hani|format=pdf}} |usage=| note=pdf does not open at .''n'' subchapter }} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924/script-example-character |data=data |publisher=enwiki |value={{longitem |Script example<br/>character}} |example={{ISO 15924/script-example-character|Arab}} |note= |usage=User boxes }} |- ! colspan=12 |In Mainspace<!--- IN MAINSPACE ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ---> {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924 script codes and related Unicode data |data=list |publisher=enwiki |value=Overview {{hlist|ISO|U|enwiki}} |example= |usage=[[ISO 15924]] |note='''Mainspace''': [[ISO 15924]], [[Script (Unicode)]], [[Unicode character property]]}} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=Unicode blocks |data=list |publisher=enwiki |value=Blocks &#x21C4; Scripts |example= |usage=some script articles |note='''Mainspace'''; related}} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924/unicode-script-illustration |data=fonts&files |publisher= |value=graphs | example= |usage= |note='''Mainspace''', [[Script (Unicode)|Scripts in Unicode]]}} |- ! colspan=12 |Overviews<!--- OVERVIEWS ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ---> {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924/overview-templates |data=list |publisher=Wikipedia |value=Overview: templates |usage=| All 15924 related templates ''(this list)''}} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924/wp-category |data=data |publisher=enwiki |value=WP-category |WP category name for the script |example=[[:Category:Arabic script]] |usage=Not checked for mainspace |note=watered down concept for minor scripts}} |- ! colspan=12 |Also (doc, userbox, technical, ...) {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924 templates/doc |data=prime documentation |publisher= |value='''Documentation''' |example= |usage=[[Latin script in Unicode]] (~) |note=Reused in multiple templates}} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=R from ISO 15924 code |data=template |publisher=enwiki |value=Redirect |example= |usage=Redirects }} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=User iso15924 |data= |publisher= |value=userbox |example= |usage=Userboxes |note= }} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=Recent changes in Unicode |data=pages Unicode, ISO 15924 [[WP:RELC]] |publisher=enwiki |value=Related Changes |example=[[Special:RecentChangesLinked/Wikipedia:WikiProject Computer science/lists of pages/Unicode|Related Changes]] |usage=WikiProject |note=900+700 P x T }} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=Unicode version |data=Version number |publisher=enwiki |value=Unicode versions |example={{Unicode version|version=13|prefix=asof |usage=tracking}} |note=(new Sep2022) }} |- ! colspan=12 |Wikidata properties |- {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=| WDproperty=P1406 |data=P1406 |publisher= |value=Directionality |example= |usage={{tla|Infobox writing system|Infobox}}, ... |note=}} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=| WDproperty=P5949 |data=P5949 |publisher= |value=Unicode ranges| example= |usage={{tla|Infobox writing system|Infobox}}, ... |note=}} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=| WDproperty=P2561 |data=P2561 |publisher= |value=ISO English name |example= |usage=Crosscheck only |note=}} |- ! colspan=12 |Modules |- {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |module=Unicode data| WDproperty= |data= |publisher= |value=Data module |example= |usage= |note={{section link|Module:Unicode_data|Functions_overview|nopage=yes}} }} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |module=Numcr2namecr | WDproperty= |data= |publisher= |value=HTML named entities |example= |usage= |note= }} |- | colspan="9" |{{collapse top|title=More templates|bg=#f6f6f6}} * [[Special:PrefixIndex/Template:ISO_15924|All subpages of {{tlf|ISO_15924}}]] * {{tl|lang}} connection ({{section link|Template:Lang|Indicating_writing_script|nopage=yes}}) {{bulleted list |2={{tl|Script}} |4={{tl|Infobox writing system}} |5={{tl|Infobox romanization}} |11={{tl|Transliteration}}, {{tl|Lang}} |12={{tl|Infobox writing system}} |18={{tl|ISO 15924}} |21={{tl|Unicode navigation}} |31=[https://www.unicode.org/iso15924/codelists.html iso codelists] }} {{collapse bottom}} |}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation|content= * {{tl|ISO 15924/overview-templates/row}} :{{para |state}} collapsed/uncollapsed {{Unicode templates|state=uncollapsed}} }} [[Category:ISO 15924 overview templates]] </noinclude> mfwjhaz4l0dbvyxg0ycank5li12yz0s 366707 366706 2026-08-23T13:30:16Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:ISO_15924/overview-templates]] 366706 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable sortable collapsible {{{state|<noinclude>un</noinclude>collapsed}}}" style="font-size:85%; width:100%" |- ! colspan="9" style="background:white; border:1px solid black;" |{{navbar-collapsible |[[ISO 15924]] &ndash; [[Unicode]] &ndash; Wikidata &ndash; enwiki: Overview templates & properties |Template:ISO 15924/overview-templates}} |- ! Item !! In template !! <small>/subs</small> !! Content !! Example !! Publisher !! Usage !! [[WP:TPU|TPU]] !! Note <!--- ----- ----- ----- ----- MAIN IDs AND PROPS ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ---> |- {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924 code |data=ID |publisher=ISO 15924 |value='''Code''' (ISO) |Alpha-4 |example={{mono |Arab}}| usage=Everywhere |note=Alpha-4, enwiki central ISO script id list}} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924 alias |data=ID |publisher=Unicode |value='''Alias''' (Unicode) |Script name as used in Unicode |example=Arabic |usage=}} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924/wp-article |data=ID |publisher=enwiki |value='''Article''' (enwiki) |WP article that handles the script |example={{mono|1=<nowiki>[[</nowiki>}}[[Arabic script]]{{mono|1=<nowiki>]]</nowiki>}} |usage=}} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924/qid |data=ID |publisher=Wikidata |value='''QID''' (wikidata) |example=[[d:Q790681|Q790681]] |usage= }} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924 number |data=ID |publisher=ISO 15924 |value=Number; range&nbsp;000&ndash;999 |example={{mono|234}} |usage=rarely |note=ISO number not used as ID in enwiki; see {{mono|Code}}}} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924 alias/unicode-merged-into-script |data=Merged scripts |publisher=Unicode |value={{longitem |Scripts (sub)merged into main scripts}} |example={{mono|1=Latf&nbsp;&rarr; {{ISO 15924 alias/unicode-merged-into-script|alpha4=Latf}}}} |note=In mainspace: 10&times; hardcoded ([[:Template:ISO 15924 alias/unicode-merged-into-script|e.g.]]); 2&times;&nbsp;Q''xxx'' depr |usage=Script descriptions, re U+ }} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924 name |data=data |publisher=ISO 15924 |value=Name |example={{ISO 15924 name|1=Dsrt}} |usage= |ISO name can differ from Unicode (Alias) name;<br/>Formal French name not used in enwiki }} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924/unicode-chapter |data=data |publisher=Unicode |value=Unicode chapter |example={{ISO 15924/unicode-chapter|1=Hani|format=pdf}} |usage=| note=pdf does not open at .''n'' subchapter }} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924/script-example-character |data=data |publisher=enwiki |value={{longitem |Script example<br/>character}} |example={{ISO 15924/script-example-character|Arab}} |note= |usage=User boxes }} |- ! colspan=12 |In Mainspace<!--- IN MAINSPACE ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ---> {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924 script codes and related Unicode data |data=list |publisher=enwiki |value=Overview {{hlist|ISO|U|enwiki}} |example= |usage=[[ISO 15924]] |note='''Mainspace''': [[ISO 15924]], [[Script (Unicode)]], [[Unicode character property]]}} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=Unicode blocks |data=list |publisher=enwiki |value=Blocks &#x21C4; Scripts |example= |usage=some script articles |note='''Mainspace'''; related}} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924/unicode-script-illustration |data=fonts&files |publisher= |value=graphs | example= |usage= |note='''Mainspace''', [[Script (Unicode)|Scripts in Unicode]]}} |- ! colspan=12 |Overviews<!--- OVERVIEWS ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ---> {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924/overview-templates |data=list |publisher=Wikipedia |value=Overview: templates |usage=| All 15924 related templates ''(this list)''}} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924/wp-category |data=data |publisher=enwiki |value=WP-category |WP category name for the script |example=[[:Category:Arabic script]] |usage=Not checked for mainspace |note=watered down concept for minor scripts}} |- ! colspan=12 |Also (doc, userbox, technical, ...) {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=ISO 15924 templates/doc |data=prime documentation |publisher= |value='''Documentation''' |example= |usage=[[Latin script in Unicode]] (~) |note=Reused in multiple templates}} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=R from ISO 15924 code |data=template |publisher=enwiki |value=Redirect |example= |usage=Redirects }} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=User iso15924 |data= |publisher= |value=userbox |example= |usage=Userboxes |note= }} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=Recent changes in Unicode |data=pages Unicode, ISO 15924 [[WP:RELC]] |publisher=enwiki |value=Related Changes |example=[[Special:RecentChangesLinked/Wikipedia:WikiProject Computer science/lists of pages/Unicode|Related Changes]] |usage=WikiProject |note=900+700 P x T }} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=Unicode version |data=Version number |publisher=enwiki |value=Unicode versions |example={{Unicode version|version=13|prefix=asof |usage=tracking}} |note=(new Sep2022) }} |- ! colspan=12 |Wikidata properties |- {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=| WDproperty=P1406 |data=P1406 |publisher= |value=Directionality |example= |usage={{tla|Infobox writing system|Infobox}}, ... |note=}} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=| WDproperty=P5949 |data=P5949 |publisher= |value=Unicode ranges| example= |usage={{tla|Infobox writing system|Infobox}}, ... |note=}} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |template=| WDproperty=P2561 |data=P2561 |publisher= |value=ISO English name |example= |usage=Crosscheck only |note=}} |- ! colspan=12 |Modules |- {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |module=Unicode data| WDproperty= |data= |publisher= |value=Data module |example= |usage= |note={{section link|Module:Unicode_data|Functions_overview|nopage=yes}} }} {{ISO 15924/overview-templates/row |module=Numcr2namecr | WDproperty= |data= |publisher= |value=HTML named entities |example= |usage= |note= }} |- | colspan="9" |{{collapse top|title=More templates|bg=#f6f6f6}} * [[Special:PrefixIndex/Template:ISO_15924|All subpages of {{tlf|ISO_15924}}]] * {{tl|lang}} connection ({{section link|Template:Lang|Indicating_writing_script|nopage=yes}}) {{bulleted list |2={{tl|Script}} |4={{tl|Infobox writing system}} |5={{tl|Infobox romanization}} |11={{tl|Transliteration}}, {{tl|Lang}} |12={{tl|Infobox writing system}} |18={{tl|ISO 15924}} |21={{tl|Unicode navigation}} |31=[https://www.unicode.org/iso15924/codelists.html iso codelists] }} {{collapse bottom}} |}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation|content= * {{tl|ISO 15924/overview-templates/row}} :{{para |state}} collapsed/uncollapsed {{Unicode templates|state=uncollapsed}} }} [[Category:ISO 15924 overview templates]] </noinclude> mfwjhaz4l0dbvyxg0ycank5li12yz0s 10 18822 366708 201290 2025-04-25T20:30:09Z en>Drmccreedy 0 add newly published codes 366708 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Documentation subpage}}</noinclude> ==General information on ISO 15924 templates== {{align|right|{{nbsp|3}}<small>This section:</small> {{view||edit|template=Template:ISO 15924 templates/doc}}}} ===Overview=== {{ISO 15924/overview-templates|state={{{state|}}}}} ===ISO updates=== * The ISO 15924 list of script codes is updated regularly, usually at least once a year. The current list is complete {{as of|2025|04|24|lc=y}}, and defines 226 codes (code, number, script name). * {{as of|25 April 2025}}, this template contains 274 ISO 15924 script codes. All are paired in both forms {{mono|Xxxx}} and {{mono|123}} (Alpha-4 and numerical). This 274 includes 50 distinct {{mono|Qxxx}} codes. Some ''ISO-defined codes'' may have ''no ISO name'', and/or may not be ''Unicode-defined''. ==References== * {{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/iso15924|title=ISO 15924|publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]]}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/iso15924/codelists.html|title=ISO 15924 Code lists|publisher=Unicode Consortium}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/iso15924/codechanges.html|title=ISO 15924 code changes|publisher=Unicode Consortium|date=2021-12-03}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr24/|title=Unicode TR24 Script property|publisher=Unicode Consortium|date=2022-04-29}} {{reflist}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go below this line, please; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> [[Category:ISO 15924 templates]] [[Category:Writing system templates]] }}</includeonly> qcjqzu0e4xdghp5h6lo0fam9vvxbxz3 366709 366708 2026-08-23T13:30:17Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:ISO_15924_templates/doc]] 366708 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Documentation subpage}}</noinclude> ==General information on ISO 15924 templates== {{align|right|{{nbsp|3}}<small>This section:</small> {{view||edit|template=Template:ISO 15924 templates/doc}}}} ===Overview=== {{ISO 15924/overview-templates|state={{{state|}}}}} ===ISO updates=== * The ISO 15924 list of script codes is updated regularly, usually at least once a year. The current list is complete {{as of|2025|04|24|lc=y}}, and defines 226 codes (code, number, script name). * {{as of|25 April 2025}}, this template contains 274 ISO 15924 script codes. All are paired in both forms {{mono|Xxxx}} and {{mono|123}} (Alpha-4 and numerical). This 274 includes 50 distinct {{mono|Qxxx}} codes. Some ''ISO-defined codes'' may have ''no ISO name'', and/or may not be ''Unicode-defined''. ==References== * {{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/iso15924|title=ISO 15924|publisher=[[Unicode Consortium]]}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/iso15924/codelists.html|title=ISO 15924 Code lists|publisher=Unicode Consortium}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/iso15924/codechanges.html|title=ISO 15924 code changes|publisher=Unicode Consortium|date=2021-12-03}} * {{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr24/|title=Unicode TR24 Script property|publisher=Unicode Consortium|date=2022-04-29}} {{reflist}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go below this line, please; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you! --> [[Category:ISO 15924 templates]] [[Category:Writing system templates]] }}</includeonly> qcjqzu0e4xdghp5h6lo0fam9vvxbxz3 10 18882 366652 208509 2004-12-31T03:39:20Z en>Nohat 0 Template:IPA moved to Template:IPA-notice 208509 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:IPA-notice 5v9ikaigj4o85dfalrs3xkhgldenihh 366653 208510 2004-12-31T03:49:21Z en>Nohat 0 208510 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:IPA notice 3l7iifu8l470jud4b1sgmdz3ebxqq0f 366654 208511 2004-12-31T04:05:33Z en>Nohat 0 208511 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Code2000">{{{1}}}</�‡ n5o7aq3oq7si5h2oj23cnmw4k8bu55o 366655 208512 2004-12-31T04:20:13Z en>Circeus 0 208512 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:IPA_notice 1je4ptq0slt5bvncujkt7lwq4f9ksxo 366656 208513 2004-12-31T04:22:07Z en>Nohat 0 hi, i'm using the IPA template now for actual IPA. the IPA notice is at {{IPA notice}} 208513 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Code2000">{{{1}}}</�‡ n5o7aq3oq7si5h2oj23cnmw4k8bu55o 366657 208514 2004-12-31T18:35:24Z en>Nohat 0 add Gentium 208514 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="font-family: Gentium, Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Code2000">{{{1}}}/�‡ 1daxyrdcrsh6c07v2y0c3r0fmv6pm8d 366658 208515 2005-01-01T23:39:41Z en>Nohat 0 move Gentium to end of list because there is no bold 208515 wikitext text/x-wiki <span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode, Code2000, Gentium">{{{1}}</�‡ bl3sxyte1t432uiw99gdy78jjgin9e3 366659 208533 2005-01-14T23:07:15Z en>Mzajac 0 testing: font is more specific than font-family 208533 wikitext text/x-wiki <span class="IPA" style="font:{{IPA fonts}}; font-family: inherit;">{{{1}}}/<spa> rjj8epzcg5gjcf74omfo5yxxok0oe1w 366660 208633 2026-08-23T13:28:38Z ChiK 1136 ೮ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:IPA]] 208632 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:IPA|main}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 7tvkwznxaigtvux43hoc1ooe0mnwkzw 828 18901 366676 209849 2026-08-12T12:48:42Z en>Ahecht 0 Add direct function 366676 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} local function multiFind(s, patterns, init) local i, j = mw.ustring.find(s, patterns[1], init) for n = 2, #patterns do local i2, j2 = mw.ustring.find(s, patterns[n], init) if i2 and (not i or i2 < i) then i, j = i2, j2 end end return i, j end local function wrapAtSpaces(s) return mw.ustring.gsub(s, '(%s+)', '<span class="wrap">%1</span>') end local function wrapAtSpacesSafely(s) local patterns = { '%[%[[^%]|]-%s[^%]|]-|', -- Piped links '</?[A-Za-z][^>]-%s[^>]->' -- HTML tags } s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '%[%[([^%]|]-%s[^%]|]-)%]%]', '[[%1|%1]]') -- Pipe all links local t = {} local init while true do local i, j = multiFind(s, patterns, init) if not i then break end local pre = wrapAtSpaces(mw.ustring.sub(s, init, i - 1)) -- What precedes the match table.insert(t, pre) table.insert(t, mw.ustring.sub(s, i, j)) -- The match init = j + 1 end local post = wrapAtSpaces(mw.ustring.sub(s, init)) -- What follows the last match table.insert(t, post) return table.concat(t) end local function checkNamespace(isDebug) return isDebug or require('Module:Category handler').main({ true }) end local function renderCats(cats, isDebug) if not cats[1] or not checkNamespace(isDebug) then return '' end local t = {} for _, v in ipairs(cats) do table.insert(t, string.format( '[[%sCategory:%s]]', isDebug and ':' or '', v )) end return table.concat(t) end local function resolveSynonym(s) return mw.loadData('Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms')[s] or s end local function splitTag(s) local langCode = s:gsub('%-.*', ''):lower() langCode = resolveSynonym(langCode) local regionCode = s:match('%-(.+)') local isPrivate = regionCode and regionCode:sub(1, 2) == 'x-' return langCode, regionCode, isPrivate end local function getLangName(code, link, raw) return require('Module:Lang')._name_from_tag({ code, link = link, raw = raw, -- Without linking, "{{IPA}}" gets expanded in some contexts template = '[[Template:IPA|IPA]]' }) end local function linkLang(name, target, link) return link == 'yes' and string.format( '[[%s|%s]]', target or name .. ' language', name ) or name end function p._main(args) local ret, cats = {}, {} local isDebug = args.debug == 'yes' local s, langCode, regionCode, isPrivate -- Guide-linking mode if args[2] and args[2] ~= '' then local data = mw.loadData('Module:IPA/data') local isGeneric = args.generic == 'yes' s = args[2] langCode, regionCode, isPrivate = splitTag(args[1]) local langData = data.langs[langCode] or {} if regionCode then if not isPrivate then regionCode = regionCode:upper() end if langData.dialects and langData.dialects[regionCode] then -- Overwrite language data with the dialect's local newLangData = {} for k, v in pairs(langData) do if k ~= 'dialects' then newLangData[k] = v end end local dialectData = langData.dialects[regionCode] if dialectData.aliasOf then -- Use the canonical region code regionCode = dialectData.aliasOf isPrivate = regionCode:sub(1, 2) == 'x-' dialectData = langData.dialects[regionCode] end -- Lowercase IANA variant if dialectData.isVariant then regionCode = regionCode:lower() end for k, v in pairs(dialectData) do newLangData[k] = v end langData = newLangData else isGeneric = true end end local fullLangCode = regionCode and langCode .. '-' .. regionCode or langCode local langName = langData.name and linkLang(langData.name, langData.link, args.link) or getLangName(fullLangCode, args.link) if langName:sub(1, 5) == '<span' then -- Module:Lang has returned an error return langName .. renderCats({ 'IPA template errors' }, isDebug) end if args.cat ~= 'no' then local catLangName = langData.name or getLangName(fullLangCode, nil, 'yes') if catLangName:sub(1, 5) == '<span' then -- Module:Lang has returned an error, but it's not fatal table.insert(cats, 'IPA template errors') mw.addWarning(catLangName) else table.insert(cats, string.format('Pages with %s IPA', catLangName)) end end -- Label local label = args.label if not label then local labelCode = args[3] and args[3]:lower() or langData.defaultLabelCode if labelCode == '' then label = '' else local langText if langData.text then langText = linkLang( langData.text, mw.ustring.match(langName, '^%[%[([^|%]]+)'), args.link ) else langText = mw.ustring.gsub( langName, '^%[%[(([^|]+) languages)%]%]$', '[[%1|%2]]' ) langText = mw.ustring.gsub( langText, ' languages(%]?%]?)$', '%1' ) end if labelCode and data.labels[labelCode] then label = data.labels[labelCode]:format(langText) else label = data.defaultLabel:format(langText) end end end if label and label ~= '' then local span = mw.html.create('span') :addClass('IPA-label') :wikitext(label) if args.small ~= 'no' then span:addClass('IPA-label-small') table.insert(ret, mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag({ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:IPA/styles.css' } })) end table.insert(ret, tostring(span) .. ' ') end -- Brackets s = (not isGeneric and langData.format or '&#91;%s&#93;'):format(s) -- Link to key local key = not isGeneric and langData.key or data.defaultKey s = string.format('[[%s|%s]]', key, s) else -- Basic mode s = args[1] if args.lang and args.lang ~= '' then langCode, regionCode, isPrivate = splitTag(args.lang) end if args.cat ~= 'no' then table.insert(cats, 'Pages with plain IPA') end end -- Transcription do local lang = (langCode or 'und') .. '-Latn' if not isPrivate and regionCode then lang = lang .. '-' .. regionCode end lang = lang .. '-fonipa' local span = mw.html.create('span') :addClass('IPA') :addClass(args.class) :attr('lang', lang) -- wrap=all: Do nothing -- wrap=none: Never break -- Otherwise: Break at spaces only if args.wrap ~= 'all' then span:addClass('nowrap') if args.wrap ~= 'none' then s = wrapAtSpacesSafely(s) end end if (not args[2] or args[2] == '') and args.tooltip ~= '' then local tooltip = args.tooltip or 'Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)' span:attr('title', tooltip) end s = tostring(span:wikitext(s)) table.insert(ret, s) end -- Audio local audio = args.audio ~= '' and args.audio or args[4] ~= '' and args[4] if audio then local button = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate({ title = 'Audio', args = { audio, '' } }) table.insert(ret, ' ' .. button) table.insert(cats, 'Pages including recorded pronunciations') end -- Categories table.insert(ret, renderCats(cats, isDebug)) return table.concat(ret) end function p.main(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args if not args[1] then return '' end for i, v in ipairs(args) do args[i] = mw.text.trim(v) end return p._main(args) end function p.direct(frame) local args = frame.args if not args[1] then return '' end for i, v in ipairs(args) do args[i] = mw.text.trim(v) end return p._main(args) end p[''] = p.direct return p phcnq9r7vohl4joqv46mjx0e82omyvx 366677 366676 2026-08-23T13:28:42Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Module:IPA]] 366676 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} local function multiFind(s, patterns, init) local i, j = mw.ustring.find(s, patterns[1], init) for n = 2, #patterns do local i2, j2 = mw.ustring.find(s, patterns[n], init) if i2 and (not i or i2 < i) then i, j = i2, j2 end end return i, j end local function wrapAtSpaces(s) return mw.ustring.gsub(s, '(%s+)', '<span class="wrap">%1</span>') end local function wrapAtSpacesSafely(s) local patterns = { '%[%[[^%]|]-%s[^%]|]-|', -- Piped links '</?[A-Za-z][^>]-%s[^>]->' -- HTML tags } s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, '%[%[([^%]|]-%s[^%]|]-)%]%]', '[[%1|%1]]') -- Pipe all links local t = {} local init while true do local i, j = multiFind(s, patterns, init) if not i then break end local pre = wrapAtSpaces(mw.ustring.sub(s, init, i - 1)) -- What precedes the match table.insert(t, pre) table.insert(t, mw.ustring.sub(s, i, j)) -- The match init = j + 1 end local post = wrapAtSpaces(mw.ustring.sub(s, init)) -- What follows the last match table.insert(t, post) return table.concat(t) end local function checkNamespace(isDebug) return isDebug or require('Module:Category handler').main({ true }) end local function renderCats(cats, isDebug) if not cats[1] or not checkNamespace(isDebug) then return '' end local t = {} for _, v in ipairs(cats) do table.insert(t, string.format( '[[%sCategory:%s]]', isDebug and ':' or '', v )) end return table.concat(t) end local function resolveSynonym(s) return mw.loadData('Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms')[s] or s end local function splitTag(s) local langCode = s:gsub('%-.*', ''):lower() langCode = resolveSynonym(langCode) local regionCode = s:match('%-(.+)') local isPrivate = regionCode and regionCode:sub(1, 2) == 'x-' return langCode, regionCode, isPrivate end local function getLangName(code, link, raw) return require('Module:Lang')._name_from_tag({ code, link = link, raw = raw, -- Without linking, "{{IPA}}" gets expanded in some contexts template = '[[Template:IPA|IPA]]' }) end local function linkLang(name, target, link) return link == 'yes' and string.format( '[[%s|%s]]', target or name .. ' language', name ) or name end function p._main(args) local ret, cats = {}, {} local isDebug = args.debug == 'yes' local s, langCode, regionCode, isPrivate -- Guide-linking mode if args[2] and args[2] ~= '' then local data = mw.loadData('Module:IPA/data') local isGeneric = args.generic == 'yes' s = args[2] langCode, regionCode, isPrivate = splitTag(args[1]) local langData = data.langs[langCode] or {} if regionCode then if not isPrivate then regionCode = regionCode:upper() end if langData.dialects and langData.dialects[regionCode] then -- Overwrite language data with the dialect's local newLangData = {} for k, v in pairs(langData) do if k ~= 'dialects' then newLangData[k] = v end end local dialectData = langData.dialects[regionCode] if dialectData.aliasOf then -- Use the canonical region code regionCode = dialectData.aliasOf isPrivate = regionCode:sub(1, 2) == 'x-' dialectData = langData.dialects[regionCode] end -- Lowercase IANA variant if dialectData.isVariant then regionCode = regionCode:lower() end for k, v in pairs(dialectData) do newLangData[k] = v end langData = newLangData else isGeneric = true end end local fullLangCode = regionCode and langCode .. '-' .. regionCode or langCode local langName = langData.name and linkLang(langData.name, langData.link, args.link) or getLangName(fullLangCode, args.link) if langName:sub(1, 5) == '<span' then -- Module:Lang has returned an error return langName .. renderCats({ 'IPA template errors' }, isDebug) end if args.cat ~= 'no' then local catLangName = langData.name or getLangName(fullLangCode, nil, 'yes') if catLangName:sub(1, 5) == '<span' then -- Module:Lang has returned an error, but it's not fatal table.insert(cats, 'IPA template errors') mw.addWarning(catLangName) else table.insert(cats, string.format('Pages with %s IPA', catLangName)) end end -- Label local label = args.label if not label then local labelCode = args[3] and args[3]:lower() or langData.defaultLabelCode if labelCode == '' then label = '' else local langText if langData.text then langText = linkLang( langData.text, mw.ustring.match(langName, '^%[%[([^|%]]+)'), args.link ) else langText = mw.ustring.gsub( langName, '^%[%[(([^|]+) languages)%]%]$', '[[%1|%2]]' ) langText = mw.ustring.gsub( langText, ' languages(%]?%]?)$', '%1' ) end if labelCode and data.labels[labelCode] then label = data.labels[labelCode]:format(langText) else label = data.defaultLabel:format(langText) end end end if label and label ~= '' then local span = mw.html.create('span') :addClass('IPA-label') :wikitext(label) if args.small ~= 'no' then span:addClass('IPA-label-small') table.insert(ret, mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag({ name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = 'Module:IPA/styles.css' } })) end table.insert(ret, tostring(span) .. ' ') end -- Brackets s = (not isGeneric and langData.format or '&#91;%s&#93;'):format(s) -- Link to key local key = not isGeneric and langData.key or data.defaultKey s = string.format('[[%s|%s]]', key, s) else -- Basic mode s = args[1] if args.lang and args.lang ~= '' then langCode, regionCode, isPrivate = splitTag(args.lang) end if args.cat ~= 'no' then table.insert(cats, 'Pages with plain IPA') end end -- Transcription do local lang = (langCode or 'und') .. '-Latn' if not isPrivate and regionCode then lang = lang .. '-' .. regionCode end lang = lang .. '-fonipa' local span = mw.html.create('span') :addClass('IPA') :addClass(args.class) :attr('lang', lang) -- wrap=all: Do nothing -- wrap=none: Never break -- Otherwise: Break at spaces only if args.wrap ~= 'all' then span:addClass('nowrap') if args.wrap ~= 'none' then s = wrapAtSpacesSafely(s) end end if (not args[2] or args[2] == '') and args.tooltip ~= '' then local tooltip = args.tooltip or 'Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)' span:attr('title', tooltip) end s = tostring(span:wikitext(s)) table.insert(ret, s) end -- Audio local audio = args.audio ~= '' and args.audio or args[4] ~= '' and args[4] if audio then local button = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate({ title = 'Audio', args = { audio, '' } }) table.insert(ret, ' ' .. button) table.insert(cats, 'Pages including recorded pronunciations') end -- Categories table.insert(ret, renderCats(cats, isDebug)) return table.concat(ret) end function p.main(frame) local args = frame:getParent().args if not args[1] then return '' end for i, v in ipairs(args) do args[i] = mw.text.trim(v) end return p._main(args) end function p.direct(frame) local args = frame.args if not args[1] then return '' end for i, v in ipairs(args) do args[i] = mw.text.trim(v) end return p._main(args) end p[''] = p.direct return p phcnq9r7vohl4joqv46mjx0e82omyvx 10 22124 366726 364551 2026-08-23T14:04:51Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366726 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Main page image/ITN | image = File:SONADA JOGI.png|SONADA_JOGI<!--NOTE: Do not use an unprotected Commons file. Our cascading protection will not apply. Either upload a local copy or list it at WP:CMP and wait for the bot to protect it at Commons. See WP:ITN/A for full instructions.--> | width = | caption = ಪಾಲೆದ ಕೆತ್ತೆದ ಮರ್ದ್ | title = ಪಾಲೆದ ಕೆತ್ತೆದ ಮರ್ದ್ | alt = ಪಾಲೆದ ಕೆತ್ತೆದ ಮರ್ದ್ | link = | border = no <!-- only set if image has a light background --> | caption align = left }} <!-- New items go on top, remove the last one when posting, 4 items maximum --> *<!--August 17--> ಸೋಣೊ ತಿಂಗೊಲುಡು ಸೋಣ ಸನಿಯಾರೊ ಉನ್ಪುನೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಸೋನೊದ ಜೋಗಿ ನಲಿಕೆ ನಡಪುಂಡು. *<!--August 12-->'''[[ಆಟಿ ಅಮಾಸೆ]]''' ದಾನಿ ಪುಲ್ಯಕಾಂಡೆ [[ಪಾಲೆ ಮರ]]ತ ಕೆತ್ತೆದ ಮರ್ದ್ ''(ಚಿತ್ರೊಡು)'' ಪರ್ದ್ [[ಮೆತ್ತೆದ ಗಂಜಿ]] ತಿನ್ಪುನೆ ಕ್ರಮೊ. *<!--July 16-->'''[[ಆಟಿಕಳೆಂಜೆ]]''' ತುಳುನಾಡ ಆಟಿದ ಇಸೇಸ ಆರಾಧನೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಆಕರ್ಷಣೆ. ಕಳೆಂಜೆ [[ಆಟಿ|ಆಟಿದ]] ಮಾರಿನ್ ಗಿಡರೆರೆ ಇಲ್ಲಿಲ್ಲಗ್ ಬತ್ತ್ ನಲಿತ್ ಅರಿ [[ತಾರಾಯಿ]] ಕಾಣಿಗೆ ಪಡೆದ್ ಪೋಂಡ ಇಲ್ಲಡ್ ಪೊಲಿ ಉರ್ಕರುಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿ ನಂಬಿಕೆ. *<!--May 25-->'''[[ಪತ್ತನಾಜೆ]]''' ಪನ್ಪಿನವು ತುಳುನಾಡ್‌ಡ್ ಪರ್ಬದ ದಿನೊಕುಲು ಮುಗಿಯುನೆನ್ ತೋಜಾವುನ ಒಂಜಿ ದಿನತ ಆಚರಣೆ ಆದುಂಡು. ಪಗ್ಗು ತಿಂಗೊಲುದ ಕಡೆತ್ತಾನಿತ [[ಸಂಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಪರ್ಬೊ|ಸಂಕ್ರಾತಿಡ್ದ್]] ಬುಕ್ಕೊದ ಪತ್ತ್ ದಿನೊತ್ತ ವಾಯ್ದೆಗ್ ಪತ್ತನಾಜೆ ಪನ್ಪುನು. *<!--May 15--> ಪಗ್ಗು ೩೧ (ಮೇ ೧೫) [[ಸಂಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಪರ್ಬೊ|ಸಂಕ್ರಮಣೊಗ್]] ಚೇಳ್ಯಾರ್ ಖಂಡಿಗೆ ಉಳ್ಳಾಕ್ಲೆ ಜಾತ್ರೆ. [[ಉಲ್ಲಾಕುಳು|ಉಳ್ಳಾಕ್ಲೆ]] '''ಕಂಡೇವು ಜಾತ್ರೆದ''' ಅಕೇರಿಗ್ ಮೀನ್ ಪತ್ತುನ ಜಾತ್ರೆ ಆಪುಂಡು. {{In the news/footer |nocurrenteventslink = {{{nocurrenteventslink|}}} |currentevents = <!--Post ongoing items in alphabetical order--> *<!--Mar 26 2025--> ** *<!--Apr 14 2024--> ** |recentdeaths = <!--New items go on top, remove the last one when posting, 6 items maximum, consider {{nowrap|[[Name]]}} or non-breaking spaces (&nbsp;) for names with middle names or initials--> * * * }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> l1uwv5nz996bm7xfgv3dyqpjrao1azk 366727 366726 2026-08-23T14:06:23Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Main page image/ITN | image = File:SONADA JOGI.png|SONADA_JOGI<!--NOTE: Do not use an unprotected Commons file. Our cascading protection will not apply. Either upload a local copy or list it at WP:CMP and wait for the bot to protect it at Commons. See WP:ITN/A for full instructions.--> | width = | caption = ಪಾಲೆದ ಕೆತ್ತೆದ ಮರ್ದ್ | title = ಪಾಲೆದ ಕೆತ್ತೆದ ಮರ್ದ್ | alt = ಪಾಲೆದ ಕೆತ್ತೆದ ಮರ್ದ್ | link = | border = no <!-- only set if image has a light background --> | caption align = left }} <!-- New items go on top, remove the last one when posting, 4 items maximum --> *<!--August 17--> [[ಸೋಣೊ]] ತಿಂಗೊಲುಡು [[ಸೋಣ ಸನಿಯಾರೊ]] ಉನ್ಪುನೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ [[ಸೋಣದ ಜೋಗಿ|ಸೋನೊದ ಜೋಗಿ]] ನಲಿಕೆ ನಡಪುಂಡು. *<!--August 12-->'''[[ಆಟಿ ಅಮಾಸೆ]]''' ದಾನಿ ಪುಲ್ಯಕಾಂಡೆ [[ಪಾಲೆ ಮರ]]ತ ಕೆತ್ತೆದ ಮರ್ದ್ ''(ಚಿತ್ರೊಡು)'' ಪರ್ದ್ [[ಮೆತ್ತೆದ ಗಂಜಿ]] ತಿನ್ಪುನೆ ಕ್ರಮೊ. *<!--July 16-->'''[[ಆಟಿಕಳೆಂಜೆ]]''' ತುಳುನಾಡ ಆಟಿದ ಇಸೇಸ ಆರಾಧನೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಆಕರ್ಷಣೆ. ಕಳೆಂಜೆ [[ಆಟಿ|ಆಟಿದ]] ಮಾರಿನ್ ಗಿಡರೆರೆ ಇಲ್ಲಿಲ್ಲಗ್ ಬತ್ತ್ ನಲಿತ್ ಅರಿ [[ತಾರಾಯಿ]] ಕಾಣಿಗೆ ಪಡೆದ್ ಪೋಂಡ ಇಲ್ಲಡ್ ಪೊಲಿ ಉರ್ಕರುಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿ ನಂಬಿಕೆ. *<!--May 25-->'''[[ಪತ್ತನಾಜೆ]]''' ಪನ್ಪಿನವು ತುಳುನಾಡ್‌ಡ್ ಪರ್ಬದ ದಿನೊಕುಲು ಮುಗಿಯುನೆನ್ ತೋಜಾವುನ ಒಂಜಿ ದಿನತ ಆಚರಣೆ ಆದುಂಡು. ಪಗ್ಗು ತಿಂಗೊಲುದ ಕಡೆತ್ತಾನಿತ [[ಸಂಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಪರ್ಬೊ|ಸಂಕ್ರಾತಿಡ್ದ್]] ಬುಕ್ಕೊದ ಪತ್ತ್ ದಿನೊತ್ತ ವಾಯ್ದೆಗ್ ಪತ್ತನಾಜೆ ಪನ್ಪುನು. *<!--May 15--> ಪಗ್ಗು ೩೧ (ಮೇ ೧೫) [[ಸಂಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಪರ್ಬೊ|ಸಂಕ್ರಮಣೊಗ್]] ಚೇಳ್ಯಾರ್ ಖಂಡಿಗೆ ಉಳ್ಳಾಕ್ಲೆ ಜಾತ್ರೆ. [[ಉಲ್ಲಾಕುಳು|ಉಳ್ಳಾಕ್ಲೆ]] '''ಕಂಡೇವು ಜಾತ್ರೆದ''' ಅಕೇರಿಗ್ ಮೀನ್ ಪತ್ತುನ ಜಾತ್ರೆ ಆಪುಂಡು. {{In the news/footer |nocurrenteventslink = {{{nocurrenteventslink|}}} |currentevents = <!--Post ongoing items in alphabetical order--> *<!--Mar 26 2025--> ** *<!--Apr 14 2024--> ** |recentdeaths = <!--New items go on top, remove the last one when posting, 6 items maximum, consider {{nowrap|[[Name]]}} or non-breaking spaces (&nbsp;) for names with middle names or initials--> * * * }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 9j6hhe0tjze8aw317cq39mrg7n5xf51 366728 366727 2026-08-23T14:08:11Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366728 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Main page image/ITN | image = File:SONADA JOGI.png|SONADA_JOGI<!--NOTE: Do not use an unprotected Commons file. Our cascading protection will not apply. Either upload a local copy or list it at WP:CMP and wait for the bot to protect it at Commons. See WP:ITN/A for full instructions.--> | width = | caption = ಸೋಣೊದ ಜೋಗಿ ನಲಿಕೆ | title = ಸೋಣೊದ ಜೋಗಿ ನಲಿಕೆ | alt = ಸೋಣೊದ ಜೋಗಿ ನಲಿಕೆ | link = | border = no <!-- only set if image has a light background --> | caption align = left }} <!-- New items go on top, remove the last one when posting, 4 items maximum --> *<!--August 17--> [[ಸೋಣೊ]] ತಿಂಗೊಲುಡು [[ಸೋಣ ಸನಿಯಾರೊ]] ಉನ್ಪುನೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ [[ಸೋಣದ ಜೋಗಿ]] ನಲಿಕೆ ನಡಪುಂಡು. *<!--August 12-->'''[[ಆಟಿ ಅಮಾಸೆ]]''' ದಾನಿ ಪುಲ್ಯಕಾಂಡೆ [[ಪಾಲೆ ಮರ]]ತ ಕೆತ್ತೆದ ಮರ್ದ್ ''(ಚಿತ್ರೊಡು)'' ಪರ್ದ್ [[ಮೆತ್ತೆದ ಗಂಜಿ]] ತಿನ್ಪುನೆ ಕ್ರಮೊ. *<!--July 16-->'''[[ಆಟಿಕಳೆಂಜೆ]]''' ತುಳುನಾಡ ಆಟಿದ ಇಸೇಸ ಆರಾಧನೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಆಕರ್ಷಣೆ. ಕಳೆಂಜೆ [[ಆಟಿ|ಆಟಿದ]] ಮಾರಿನ್ ಗಿಡರೆರೆ ಇಲ್ಲಿಲ್ಲಗ್ ಬತ್ತ್ ನಲಿತ್ ಅರಿ [[ತಾರಾಯಿ]] ಕಾಣಿಗೆ ಪಡೆದ್ ಪೋಂಡ ಇಲ್ಲಡ್ ಪೊಲಿ ಉರ್ಕರುಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿ ನಂಬಿಕೆ. *<!--May 25-->'''[[ಪತ್ತನಾಜೆ]]''' ಪನ್ಪಿನವು ತುಳುನಾಡ್‌ಡ್ ಪರ್ಬದ ದಿನೊಕುಲು ಮುಗಿಯುನೆನ್ ತೋಜಾವುನ ಒಂಜಿ ದಿನತ ಆಚರಣೆ ಆದುಂಡು. ಪಗ್ಗು ತಿಂಗೊಲುದ ಕಡೆತ್ತಾನಿತ [[ಸಂಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಪರ್ಬೊ|ಸಂಕ್ರಾತಿಡ್ದ್]] ಬುಕ್ಕೊದ ಪತ್ತ್ ದಿನೊತ್ತ ವಾಯ್ದೆಗ್ ಪತ್ತನಾಜೆ ಪನ್ಪುನು. *<!--May 15--> ಪಗ್ಗು ೩೧ (ಮೇ ೧೫) [[ಸಂಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಪರ್ಬೊ|ಸಂಕ್ರಮಣೊಗ್]] ಚೇಳ್ಯಾರ್ ಖಂಡಿಗೆ ಉಳ್ಳಾಕ್ಲೆ ಜಾತ್ರೆ. [[ಉಲ್ಲಾಕುಳು|ಉಳ್ಳಾಕ್ಲೆ]] '''ಕಂಡೇವು ಜಾತ್ರೆದ''' ಅಕೇರಿಗ್ ಮೀನ್ ಪತ್ತುನ ಜಾತ್ರೆ ಆಪುಂಡು. {{In the news/footer |nocurrenteventslink = {{{nocurrenteventslink|}}} |currentevents = <!--Post ongoing items in alphabetical order--> *<!--Mar 26 2025--> ** *<!--Apr 14 2024--> ** |recentdeaths = <!--New items go on top, remove the last one when posting, 6 items maximum, consider {{nowrap|[[Name]]}} or non-breaking spaces (&nbsp;) for names with middle names or initials--> * * * }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> q4gjb3a26is20emgcochhryi0r7l7ca 366730 366728 2026-08-23T14:14:50Z ChiK 1136 366730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Main page image/ITN | image = File:SONADA JOGI.png|SONADA_JOGI<!--NOTE: Do not use an unprotected Commons file. Our cascading protection will not apply. Either upload a local copy or list it at WP:CMP and wait for the bot to protect it at Commons. See WP:ITN/A for full instructions.--> | width = | caption = ಸೋಣೊದ ಜೋಗಿ ನಲಿಕೆ | title = ಸೋಣೊದ ಜೋಗಿ ನಲಿಕೆ | alt = ಸೋಣೊದ ಜೋಗಿ ನಲಿಕೆ | link = | border = no <!-- only set if image has a light background --> | caption align = left }} <!-- New items go on top, remove the last one when posting, 4 items maximum --> *<!--August 17--> [[ಸೋಣೊ]] ತಿಂಗೊಲುಡು [[ಸೋಣ ಸನಿಯಾರೊ]] ಉನ್ಪುನೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ '''[[ಸೋಣದ ಜೋಗಿ]]''' ''(ಚಿತ್ರೊಡು)'' ನಲಿಕೆ ನಡಪುಂಡು. *<!--August 12-->'''[[ಆಟಿ ಅಮಾಸೆ]]''' ದಾನಿ ಪುಲ್ಯಕಾಂಡೆ [[ಪಾಲೆ ಮರ]]ತ ಕೆತ್ತೆದ ಮರ್ದ್ ಪರ್ದ್ [[ಮೆತ್ತೆದ ಗಂಜಿ]] ತಿನ್ಪುನೆ ಕ್ರಮೊ. *<!--July 16-->'''[[ಆಟಿಕಳೆಂಜೆ]]''' ತುಳುನಾಡ ಆಟಿದ ಇಸೇಸ ಆರಾಧನೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಆಕರ್ಷಣೆ. ಕಳೆಂಜೆ [[ಆಟಿ|ಆಟಿದ]] ಮಾರಿನ್ ಗಿಡರೆರೆ ಇಲ್ಲಿಲ್ಲಗ್ ಬತ್ತ್ ನಲಿತ್ ಅರಿ [[ತಾರಾಯಿ]] ಕಾಣಿಗೆ ಪಡೆದ್ ಪೋಂಡ ಇಲ್ಲಡ್ ಪೊಲಿ ಉರ್ಕರುಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿ ನಂಬಿಕೆ. *<!--May 25-->'''[[ಪತ್ತನಾಜೆ]]''' ಪನ್ಪಿನವು ತುಳುನಾಡ್‌ಡ್ ಪರ್ಬದ ದಿನೊಕುಲು ಮುಗಿಯುನೆನ್ ತೋಜಾವುನ ಒಂಜಿ ದಿನತ ಆಚರಣೆ ಆದುಂಡು. ಪಗ್ಗು ತಿಂಗೊಲುದ ಕಡೆತ್ತಾನಿತ [[ಸಂಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಪರ್ಬೊ|ಸಂಕ್ರಾತಿಡ್ದ್]] ಬುಕ್ಕೊದ ಪತ್ತ್ ದಿನೊತ್ತ ವಾಯ್ದೆಗ್ ಪತ್ತನಾಜೆ ಪನ್ಪುನು. {{In the news/footer |nocurrenteventslink = {{{nocurrenteventslink|}}} |currentevents = <!--Post ongoing items in alphabetical order--> *<!--Mar 26 2025--> ** *<!--Apr 14 2024--> ** |recentdeaths = <!--New items go on top, remove the last one when posting, 6 items maximum, consider {{nowrap|[[Name]]}} or non-breaking spaces (&nbsp;) for names with middle names or initials--> * * * }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 9i71gerrunvl2vhafwbrs7okau81dmc 828 22177 366767 2023-04-27T18:16:32Z en>Hike395 0 simplify code 366767 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local plaintext = require("Module:Plain text")._main local language = mw.language.getContentLanguage() --Cleanup/format location for use in short descriptions function p.prepareLoc (frame) return p._prepareLoc (frame.args[1]) end function p._prepareLoc (text) text = plaintext(text) text = text..',' --comma at the end makes things convenient text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,'%b()', ', ') --remove things in brackets as extraneous information text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,'[^%s,]*%d[^%s,]*', '') --remove things with digits as generally being unnecessary postal codes/road numbers etc text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,'(,%s-),', '%1') --fix possible blank separated commas from previous cleanup text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,'%s%s', ' ') --fix possible extra spaces from previous cleanup text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,'^[%s,]*', '') --trim commas and spaces from beginning text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,'[%s,]*$', '') --trim commas and spaces from end return text end --Gets general location from more specific one for short descriptions --i.e if a location is specified to be "P. Sherman 42 Wallaby Way Sydney, Australia", return "Sydney, Australia" --splits by commas and returns last two entries function p.generalLoc (frame) return p._generalLoc (frame.args[1]) end function p._generalLoc (loc) loc = p._prepareLoc(loc) local split = {} local num = 0 loc = loc..',' --comma at the end for convenient splitting with gmatch for k in mw.ustring.gmatch(loc,'([^,]*),') do --split by commas table.insert(split, k) num = num + 1 end if num == 1 then --if only comma was the one at the end return the whole thing return split[1] else return split[num-1]..','..split[num] --return last two entries separated by commas end end --validate type parameter function p.validateTyp (typ, args) args = args or {} local checkpatterns = args['check-patterns'] local invalidadd = args.invalidadd if checkpatterns then for k in mw.ustring.gmatch(checkpatterns..';','([^;]*);') do --split checkpatterns by ;, check if one of the patterns is in type if mw.ustring.match(mw.ustring.lower(typ),k) then return typ end end if invalidadd then --if invalid, add to make it valid return typ..' '..invalidadd end else return typ end end function p._generateDesc (args) local cleanupLoc = require('Module:Settlement short description').cleanupLoc local typ = args[1] or "" typ = plaintext(args[1]) or "" if #typ == 0 then return end -- bail out if type is empty local sep = ((args.sep == 'no') and '') or args.sep or ' in ' --if args.sep set to no, nothing between typ and loc, if it has other value put that local loc = args[2] or "" local func if args['full-loc'] then func = '_prepareLoc' else func = '_generalLoc' end loc = p[func](loc) or "" loc = cleanupLoc(loc) or "" loc = mw.text.trim(loc) loc = loc and #loc > 0 and sep..loc or "" typ = p.validateTyp (typ, args) return typ and language:ucfirst(typ..loc) end function p.generateDesc(frame) local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame) return p._generateDesc(args) or "" end --Display short description using {{short description}} function p.shortdesc(text, frame) frame = frame or mw.getCurrentFrame() return frame:expandTemplate{title = 'Short description', args = {text, 'noreplace'}} end function p._main(args, frame) frame = frame or mw.getCurrentFrame() local desc = p._generateDesc(args) return desc and p.shortdesc(desc, frame) end --generates type in location function p.main(frame) local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs (frame, {frameOnly = true}) return p._main(args, frame) or "" end return p 6iht21q45jbptsbuduln8bs0tja9bfr 366768 283151 2026-08-23T16:34:43Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Module:Type_in_location]] 283151 Scribunto text/plain local p = {} local plaintext = require("Module:Plain text")._main local language = mw.language.getContentLanguage() --Cleanup/format location for use in short descriptions function p.prepareLoc (frame) return p._prepareLoc (frame.args[1]) end function p._prepareLoc (text) text = plaintext(text) text = text..',' --comma at the end makes things convenient text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,'%b()', ', ') --remove things in brackets as extraneous information text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,'[^%s,]*%d[^%s,]*', '') --remove things with digits as generally being unnecessary postal codes/road numbers etc text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,'(,%s-),', '%1') --fix possible blank separated commas from previous cleanup text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,'%s%s', ' ') --fix possible extra spaces from previous cleanup text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,'^[%s,]*', '') --trim commas and spaces from beginning text = mw.ustring.gsub(text,'[%s,]*$', '') --trim commas and spaces from end return text end --Gets general location from more specific one for short descriptions --i.e if a location is specified to be "P. Sherman 42 Wallaby Way Sydney, Australia", return "Sydney, Australia" --splits by commas and returns last two entries function p.generalLoc (frame) return p._generalLoc (frame.args[1]) end function p._generalLoc (loc) loc = p._prepareLoc(loc) local split = {} local num = 0 loc = loc..',' --comma at the end for convenient splitting with gmatch for k in mw.ustring.gmatch(loc,'([^,]*),') do --split by commas table.insert(split, k) num = num + 1 end if num == 1 then --if only comma was the one at the end return the whole thing return split[1] else return split[num-1]..','..split[num] --return last two entries separated by commas end end --validate type parameter function p.validateTyp (typ, args) args = args or {} local checkpatterns = args['check-patterns'] local invalidadd = args.invalidadd if checkpatterns then for k in mw.ustring.gmatch(checkpatterns..';','([^;]*);') do --split checkpatterns by ;, check if one of the patterns is in type if mw.ustring.match(mw.ustring.lower(typ),k) then return typ end end if invalidadd then --if invalid, add to make it valid return typ..' '..invalidadd end else return typ end end function p._generateDesc (args) local cleanupLoc = require('Module:Settlement short description').cleanupLoc local typ = args[1] or "" typ = plaintext(args[1]) or "" if #typ == 0 then return end -- bail out if type is empty local sep = ((args.sep == 'no') and '') or args.sep or ' in ' --if args.sep set to no, nothing between typ and loc, if it has other value put that local loc = args[2] or "" local func if args['full-loc'] then func = '_prepareLoc' else func = '_generalLoc' end loc = p[func](loc) or "" loc = cleanupLoc(loc) or "" loc = mw.text.trim(loc) loc = loc and #loc > 0 and sep..loc or "" typ = p.validateTyp (typ, args) return typ and language:ucfirst(typ..loc) end function p.generateDesc(frame) local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs(frame) return p._generateDesc(args) or "" end --Display short description using {{short description}} function p.shortdesc(text, frame) frame = frame or mw.getCurrentFrame() return frame:expandTemplate{title = 'Short description', args = {text, 'noreplace'}} end function p._main(args, frame) frame = frame or mw.getCurrentFrame() local desc = p._generateDesc(args) return desc and p.shortdesc(desc, frame) end --generates type in location function p.main(frame) local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs (frame, {frameOnly = true}) return p._main(args, frame) or "" end return p 6iht21q45jbptsbuduln8bs0tja9bfr 2 24391 366736 366563 2026-08-23T15:23:51Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366736 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2026}} {{coord|50|26|14|N|30|33|18|E|region:UA|display=title}} {{Infobox church | name = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | native_name = Церква Спаса на Берестові | native_name_lang = uk | image = Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg | image_caption = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನೋಟ | location = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ, ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, [[ಕೀವ್]] | country = [[ಉಕ್ರೇನ್]] | denomination = ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ | style = [[ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ]], [[ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್]] | years_built = 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ }} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | WHS = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | part_of = Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra | criteria = i, ii, iii, iv | id = 527 | year = 1990 | danger = 2023 }} '''ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್''' (ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್: ''Церква Спаса на Берестові'', ರೋಮನೀಕರಣ: ''Tserkva Spasa na Berestovi'') ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ [[ಕೀವ್]] ಪಟ್ಟಣಡ್, [[ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ]]ದ ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಂಡು. ಇದು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಎನಿಪುನ ಪ್ರದೇಶಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುಂಡ. ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಕೋಟೆಗೋಡೆದ ಹೊರಗಿದ್ದರೂ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣದ ಭಾಗ ಆಂಡು ಮತ್‌ತು UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣದ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕಗಳೊಡನೆ ಸೇರಾಯಿನೆ.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲಡ್ [[ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್|ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್]]‌ನ ಹೊರವಲಯದ ನಿವಾಸ ಆಂಡಿತ್ತ್. ಅವು 1015ಡ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಮರಣ ಹೊಂದಿದ್ದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶಡ್ ವೆಸೆವೊಲೊದ್ I ಮತ್‌ತು ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ II ಸೇರಿದಂತೆ ಅವುಡ ಕೆಲವು ವಂಶಜರೂ ವಾಸ ಮಾಡಿದ್ದೆರ್. ಇತ್ತ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಠ ಇತ್ತ್ ಪಂಡುದ ಮೊದಲ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆ 1073ಡ್ ಸಿಕ್ಕುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಈಗಿನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿಖರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ದಾಖಲೆಗ್ ಲಭಿಸಾಂಡ. ಆದರೂ, ಬಹುತೇಕ ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರ್ ಇದ್ [[ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್]] (1113–1125) ಆಡಳಿತ ಕಾಲಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನೆ ಪಂಡುದ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಪಡೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪೆರೆಯಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಕೆಲವು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ಸಾಮ್ಯ ಉಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಅರಮನೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನಡ್ ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್‌ಲೆಗಿಂತ ದೊಡ್ಡದಾಗಿತ್ತ್. ಇದ್ ಮೂಜಿ ''nave'', ಮೂಜಿ ''apse'' ಮತ್‌ತು ಬಹುಶಃ ಮೂಜಿ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದಿತ್ತ್. ಪಶ್ಚಿಮದ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೆಲವು ಭಾಗೊಲು ಇನ್ನೂ ಉಳಿದುಂಡು; ಬೇತೆ ಗೋಡೆಗಳ ರೂಪದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಉತ್ಖನನೊಲಿಂದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಲಭಿಸುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗ ''narthex'' ರೂಪಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನಾ ಸ್ಥಳದಿಂದ ಬೇರ್ಪಟ್ಟಿತ್ತ್. ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗಡ್ ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನದ ಕೊಠಡಿ ಮತ್‌ತು ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಭಾಗಡ್ ಹೊರಕ್ಕೆ ಚಾಚಿಕೊಂಡ ಗೋಪುರ ಇತ್ತ್. ಈ ಗೋಪುರಡ್ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ, ಅವನ ಕುಟುಂಬ ಮತ್‌ತು ಅತಿಥಿಲೆಗ್ ಮೇಲಿನ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗೆ ಪೋಪಿನ ಸುರುಳಿ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು ಇತ್ತ್. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|left|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಹೊರಾಂಗಣದ ನೋಟ]] ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರರ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ [[ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್]]‌ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಡ್ ಕೆಲವು ಹೊಸ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರವೇಶದ್ವಾರೊಲೆಗ್ ಎತ್ತರದ ಇಳಿಜಾರು ಇರುವ trefoil ಆಕಾರದ ಮುಖಮಂಟಪೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಲಂಬಾಕಾರದ ಭಾವನೆನ್ ಒತ್ತಿ ಹೇಳ್ತುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಭಾಗ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲಡ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆಯ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದಿತ್ತ್. ಡಬಲ್ ಮತ್‌ತು ಟ್ರಿಪಲ್ ಕುಳಿಗಳು, ''meander'' ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮತ್‌ತು ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಇದರ ವಿಶೇಷತೆ ಆಂಡಿತ್ತ್. ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಈ ಕಾಲದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಗಿಂತ ಭಿನ್ನವಾಗಿ, ಇದರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣಡ್ ಸುಣ್ಣಕಲ್ಲು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಾಡಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ ಪಂಡುದ ಹೇಳ್ಪುಂಡು. == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮರಣದ ಬಳಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಅವನ ಕುಟುಂಬದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಉಳಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನದ ಕೊಠಡಿಯ ಕೆಳಭಾಗಡ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ ವಂಶದ ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಮೂಜಿ ಸದಸ್ಯರ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು ಇತ್ತ್ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. ಇದಡ್ [[ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ]] (ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕ ಪಂಡುದ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾಯಿನೆ), ಅವನ ಮಗ ಗ್ಲೆಬ್ ಮತ್‌ತು ಮಗಳು ಯೂಫೆಮಿಯಾ ಸೇರೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> 1240ಡ್ ಬಾತು ಖಾನ್ ಕೀವ್ ಮೇಲೆ ದಾಳಿ ಮಾಡಿದಪ್ಪಗ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಹಾನಿಗೊಳಗಾಯಿನೆ. 1482ಡ್ ಮೆಙ್ಲಿ I ಗಿರಾಯ್‌ದ ದಾಳಿಯ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಕೂಡಾ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಹಾನಿಗೊಳಗಾಯಿನೆ. ಅನಂತರ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗೋಡೆಗಳು ಕುಸಿದು, 17ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ ತನಕ ಇದು ಅವಶೇಷದ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಡ್ ಇತ್ತ್. ಕೀವ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ್ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸುವ ಕೆಲಸಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೋಪಾಲಿಟನ್ [[ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ]] ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಾತ್ರ ವಹಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಅವು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಅಥವಾ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಹೊಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಕೆಲಸ 1640–1642ರ ನಡುವಣ ಕಾಲಡ್ ನಡೆದಿತ್ತ್. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಹಳೆಯ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗೋಡೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡ ಈ ಹೊಸ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಮೊದಲಿನ ಕಟ್ಟಡಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಚಿಕ್ಕದಾಗಿತ್ತ್. ಇದಡ್ ನಾಲ್ಕು ದಳದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದ ಸುತ್ತ ಐದು ಗೋಪುರೊಲು ಮತ್‌ತು ದೊಡ್ಡ ಪೇರಳೆ ಆಕಾರದ ಐದು ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್. ಎರಡು ವರ್ಷಗಳ ಬಳಿಕ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕಲಾವಿದರ ಒಂಜಿ ತಂಡ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗಡ್ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರ ''ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾನ ಕೊಡುಗೆ'' (''Petro Mohyla's Gift'') ಪಂಡುದ ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು. ಇದಡ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಎದುರ್ ಮೊಣಕಾಲೂರಿ, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮಾದರಿಯೊಂದನ್ ಅರ್ಪಣೆ ಮಾಡ್ತಿಪ್ಪುನೇ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಾಂಗಣ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ನೋಟ]] 1751–1752 ಮತ್‌ತು 1813–1814ರ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಲಾಯಿನೆ. ಅದೇ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ರಿ ಮೆಲೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಎರಡು ಹಂತದ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನೆ. ಈ ನವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಗಿಂತ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಭಿನ್ನವಾಗಿ ಕಾಣುಂಡು. 1909ಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ತಜ್ಞ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಷಿಯನ್ ಪೊಕ್ರಿಶ್ಕಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ರೂಪಕ್ಕೆ ತಿರುಗಿಸುವ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸನ್ ಆರಂಭಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಐದು ವರ್ಷ ಮುಂದುವರಿಯಿತು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮೂಲ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊಲು ಉತ್ಖನನದ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾಗಿದ್ದು, ಈಗಲೂ ಉಳಿದ ಕಟ್ಟಡದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗಡ್ ಕಾಣೆರೆ. 1947 ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 7ರಂದು ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಯ 800ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವದ ಸಂದರ್ಭ, ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ ಸಮಾಧಿಯಾಗಿದ್ದ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬಲಾದ ಸ್ಥಳಡ್ ದೊಡ್ಡ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಸಾರ್ಕೊಫೇಗಸ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಲಾಯಿನೆ. 1970ರ ದಶಕದ ಆರಂಭಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ''Miraculous Fishing'' ಎನಿಪುನ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರದ ಒಂಜಿ ತುಂಡು ಪತ್ತಾಯಿನೆ. ಇದಡ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನು ನೀರಿನ ಮೇಲೆ ನಡೆದು ದೋಣಿಯ ಕಡೆಗೆ ಪೋಪಿನ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪಡೆದ ಬಳಿಕ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ–ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಭಾಗ ಆಯಿನೆ. ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಇದು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯದ ರೂಪಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಯ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುಂಡು; ಭಾನುವಾರದ ದಿನೊಲು ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸೇವೆಲೂ ನಡೆಯುಂಡು. == ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ (2002–2004) == 2001ಡ್ Getty Institute for Architectural Conservation ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗ್ ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ ಮಾಡುಲೆಗ್ ಅನುದಾನ ನೀಡಿತ್ತ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Церква Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.kplavra.kiev.ua/ |publisher=Національний Києво-Печерський історико-культурний заповідник |access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref> 2002–2003ರ ಸಮಯಡ್ Getty Foundation‌ದ ಅನುದಾನ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮದ ಅಂಗವಾಗಿ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಮತ್‌ತು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ನಡೆಯಿತು. ಸ್ಮಾರಕದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೀಕರಣದ ಯೋಜನೆ ತಯಾರು ಮಾಡುಲೆಗ್ ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊಲು ನಡೆಸಾಯಿನೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Науково-реставраційні дослідження та виконання невідкладних консерваційних робіт на церкві Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.myslenedrevo.com.ua/ |publisher=Культурна спадщина Києва |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನದ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮುಂಭಾಗ, ಮೇಲ್ಛಾವಣಿ, ನೆಲದ ರಚನೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಒಳಭಾಗದ ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆಗಳ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ನಡೆಸಾಯಿನೆ. ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಯಿಂದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಮತ್‌ತು 14–16ನೇ ಶತಮಾನಗಳ ನಡುವಣ ಕಾಲಡ್ ನಡೆದಿದ್ದ ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾಗಿ ತಿಳಿಯದ ಪುನರ್‌ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಸುಳಿವುಗಳು ಲಭಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. 2003–2004ರ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಅಡಿಪಾಯದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿನ್ ತಿಳಿವೆರೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಹಿಂದಿನ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸೆರೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗಡ್ ಹಲವಾರು ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಗುಂಡಿಗಳು ತೆಗೆಯಲಾಯಿನೆ. == ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ (2017–2019) == 2017ಡ್ ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊಸ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆರಂಭ ಆಯಿನೆ. ಯೋಜನೆಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗ, ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲಿನ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಮತ್‌ತು ಕಟ್ಟಡದ ವಿವಿಧ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು ಸೇರಿತ್ತ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸದ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಮೂಲ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಉಳಿಸೆರೆ ವಿಶೇಷ ಗಮನ ಕೊಡಲಾಯಿನೆ. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲು ವಿಶೇಷ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೌಲ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ತಿಳಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಗ್ ವಿಯಾಚೆಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಮೊಸ್ಕಲೆವ್ಸ್ಕಿ 50 ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಹ್ರಿವ್ನಿಯಾ ಹಣಕಾಸು ನೆರವು ನೀಡಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಎರಡು ವರ್ಷ ನಡೆಯ್ದ್, 2019ಡ್ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾಗಿ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನೆ.<ref>{{cite web |title=В Киеве началась реставрация церкви 11 века |url=https://kyivnews.24tv.ua/ |publisher=24 Канал |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=У Києві відреставрують церкву Спаса на Берестові |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/ |publisher=Укрінформ |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref> == ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣವಾದ '''Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra''' ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣದ ಭಾಗ ಆಂಡು. ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ 1990ಡ್ UNESCO ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಸೇರಿಸಲಾಯಿನೆ.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ಕೂಡಲೇ ನೋಡೆಲೆ == * [[:Category:Burials at the Church of the Saviour at Berestove|ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು]] == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಗ್ರಂಥಸೂಚಿ == * Rappoport, Pyotr. ''Zodchestavo Drevnei Rusi''. Leningrad: Nauka, 1986. * Malikenaite, Ruta (2003). ''Touring Kyiv''. Baltia Druk. ISBN 966-96041-3-3. * {{cite web |title=Transfiguration Church in Berestove |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/ |publisher=Encyclopedia of Ukraine |access-date=24 November 2006}} * Klymenko, Sergiy. ''Церква Спаса на Берестові''. Pictures of Kyiv. * ''Памятники градостроительства и архитектуры Украинской ССР'', 4 volumes. Kyiv: Будивэльнык, 1983–86. == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Kyiv World Heritage Site] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove Wikimedia Commons – Church of the Saviour at Berestove] {{Commons category|Church of the Saviour at Berestove}} [[Category:ಕೀವ್]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಲು]] [[Category:12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ]] s5570be1urnz20xv60y5h7rnbp78xr3 366738 366736 2026-08-23T15:28:11Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* */ 366738 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2026}} {{coord|50|26|14|N|30|33|18|E|region:UA|display=title}} {{Infobox church | name = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | native_name = Церква Спаса на Берестові | native_name_lang = uk | image = Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg | image_caption = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನೋಟ | location = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ, ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, [[ಕೀವ್]] | country = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | denomination = ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ | style = ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್ | years_built = 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ }} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | WHS = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | part_of = Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra | criteria = i, ii, iii, iv | id = 527 | year = 1990 | danger = 2023 }} '''ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊಡ್, ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್.ಉಂದು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಕೋಟೆಗೋಡೆದ ಪಿದಾಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಇತ್ತುಂಡಲಾ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊದ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲಡ್ [[ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್|ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್]]‌ನ ಹೊರವಲಯದ ನಿವಾಸ ಆಂಡಿತ್ತ್. ಅವು 1015ಡ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಮರಣ ಹೊಂದಿದ್ದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶಡ್ ವೆಸೆವೊಲೊದ್ I ಮತ್‌ತು ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ II ಸೇರಿದಂತೆ ಅವುಡ ಕೆಲವು ವಂಶಜರೂ ವಾಸ ಮಾಡಿದ್ದೆರ್. ಇತ್ತ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಠ ಇತ್ತ್ ಪಂಡುದ ಮೊದಲ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆ 1073ಡ್ ಸಿಕ್ಕುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಈಗಿನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿಖರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ದಾಖಲೆಗ್ ಲಭಿಸಾಂಡ. ಆದರೂ, ಬಹುತೇಕ ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರ್ ಇದ್ [[ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್]] (1113–1125) ಆಡಳಿತ ಕಾಲಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನೆ ಪಂಡುದ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಪಡೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪೆರೆಯಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಕೆಲವು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ಸಾಮ್ಯ ಉಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಅರಮನೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನಡ್ ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್‌ಲೆಗಿಂತ ದೊಡ್ಡದಾಗಿತ್ತ್. ಇದ್ ಮೂಜಿ ''nave'', ಮೂಜಿ ''apse'' ಮತ್‌ತು ಬಹುಶಃ ಮೂಜಿ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದಿತ್ತ್. ಪಶ್ಚಿಮದ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೆಲವು ಭಾಗೊಲು ಇನ್ನೂ ಉಳಿದುಂಡು; ಬೇತೆ ಗೋಡೆಗಳ ರೂಪದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಉತ್ಖನನೊಲಿಂದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಲಭಿಸುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗ ''narthex'' ರೂಪಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನಾ ಸ್ಥಳದಿಂದ ಬೇರ್ಪಟ್ಟಿತ್ತ್. ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗಡ್ ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನದ ಕೊಠಡಿ ಮತ್‌ತು ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಭಾಗಡ್ ಹೊರಕ್ಕೆ ಚಾಚಿಕೊಂಡ ಗೋಪುರ ಇತ್ತ್. ಈ ಗೋಪುರಡ್ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ, ಅವನ ಕುಟುಂಬ ಮತ್‌ತು ಅತಿಥಿಲೆಗ್ ಮೇಲಿನ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗೆ ಪೋಪಿನ ಸುರುಳಿ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು ಇತ್ತ್. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|left|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಹೊರಾಂಗಣದ ನೋಟ]] ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರರ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ [[ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್]]‌ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಡ್ ಕೆಲವು ಹೊಸ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರವೇಶದ್ವಾರೊಲೆಗ್ ಎತ್ತರದ ಇಳಿಜಾರು ಇರುವ trefoil ಆಕಾರದ ಮುಖಮಂಟಪೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಲಂಬಾಕಾರದ ಭಾವನೆನ್ ಒತ್ತಿ ಹೇಳ್ತುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಭಾಗ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲಡ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆಯ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದಿತ್ತ್. ಡಬಲ್ ಮತ್‌ತು ಟ್ರಿಪಲ್ ಕುಳಿಗಳು, ''meander'' ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮತ್‌ತು ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಇದರ ವಿಶೇಷತೆ ಆಂಡಿತ್ತ್. ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಈ ಕಾಲದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಗಿಂತ ಭಿನ್ನವಾಗಿ, ಇದರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣಡ್ ಸುಣ್ಣಕಲ್ಲು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಾಡಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ ಪಂಡುದ ಹೇಳ್ಪುಂಡು. == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮರಣದ ಬಳಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಅವನ ಕುಟುಂಬದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಉಳಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನದ ಕೊಠಡಿಯ ಕೆಳಭಾಗಡ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ ವಂಶದ ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಮೂಜಿ ಸದಸ್ಯರ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು ಇತ್ತ್ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. ಇದಡ್ [[ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ]] (ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕ ಪಂಡುದ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾಯಿನೆ), ಅವನ ಮಗ ಗ್ಲೆಬ್ ಮತ್‌ತು ಮಗಳು ಯೂಫೆಮಿಯಾ ಸೇರೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> 1240ಡ್ ಬಾತು ಖಾನ್ ಕೀವ್ ಮೇಲೆ ದಾಳಿ ಮಾಡಿದಪ್ಪಗ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಹಾನಿಗೊಳಗಾಯಿನೆ. 1482ಡ್ ಮೆಙ್ಲಿ I ಗಿರಾಯ್‌ದ ದಾಳಿಯ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಕೂಡಾ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಹಾನಿಗೊಳಗಾಯಿನೆ. ಅನಂತರ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗೋಡೆಗಳು ಕುಸಿದು, 17ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ ತನಕ ಇದು ಅವಶೇಷದ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಡ್ ಇತ್ತ್. ಕೀವ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ್ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸುವ ಕೆಲಸಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೋಪಾಲಿಟನ್ [[ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ]] ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಾತ್ರ ವಹಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಅವು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಅಥವಾ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಹೊಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಕೆಲಸ 1640–1642ರ ನಡುವಣ ಕಾಲಡ್ ನಡೆದಿತ್ತ್. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಹಳೆಯ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗೋಡೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡ ಈ ಹೊಸ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಮೊದಲಿನ ಕಟ್ಟಡಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಚಿಕ್ಕದಾಗಿತ್ತ್. ಇದಡ್ ನಾಲ್ಕು ದಳದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದ ಸುತ್ತ ಐದು ಗೋಪುರೊಲು ಮತ್‌ತು ದೊಡ್ಡ ಪೇರಳೆ ಆಕಾರದ ಐದು ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್. ಎರಡು ವರ್ಷಗಳ ಬಳಿಕ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕಲಾವಿದರ ಒಂಜಿ ತಂಡ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗಡ್ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರ ''ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾನ ಕೊಡುಗೆ'' (''Petro Mohyla's Gift'') ಪಂಡುದ ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು. ಇದಡ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಎದುರ್ ಮೊಣಕಾಲೂರಿ, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮಾದರಿಯೊಂದನ್ ಅರ್ಪಣೆ ಮಾಡ್ತಿಪ್ಪುನೇ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಾಂಗಣ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ನೋಟ]] 1751–1752 ಮತ್‌ತು 1813–1814ರ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಲಾಯಿನೆ. ಅದೇ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ರಿ ಮೆಲೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಎರಡು ಹಂತದ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನೆ. ಈ ನವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಗಿಂತ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಭಿನ್ನವಾಗಿ ಕಾಣುಂಡು. 1909ಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ತಜ್ಞ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಷಿಯನ್ ಪೊಕ್ರಿಶ್ಕಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ರೂಪಕ್ಕೆ ತಿರುಗಿಸುವ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸನ್ ಆರಂಭಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಐದು ವರ್ಷ ಮುಂದುವರಿಯಿತು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮೂಲ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊಲು ಉತ್ಖನನದ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾಗಿದ್ದು, ಈಗಲೂ ಉಳಿದ ಕಟ್ಟಡದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗಡ್ ಕಾಣೆರೆ. 1947 ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 7ರಂದು ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಯ 800ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವದ ಸಂದರ್ಭ, ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ ಸಮಾಧಿಯಾಗಿದ್ದ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬಲಾದ ಸ್ಥಳಡ್ ದೊಡ್ಡ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಸಾರ್ಕೊಫೇಗಸ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಲಾಯಿನೆ. 1970ರ ದಶಕದ ಆರಂಭಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ''Miraculous Fishing'' ಎನಿಪುನ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರದ ಒಂಜಿ ತುಂಡು ಪತ್ತಾಯಿನೆ. ಇದಡ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನು ನೀರಿನ ಮೇಲೆ ನಡೆದು ದೋಣಿಯ ಕಡೆಗೆ ಪೋಪಿನ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪಡೆದ ಬಳಿಕ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ–ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಭಾಗ ಆಯಿನೆ. ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಇದು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯದ ರೂಪಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಯ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುಂಡು; ಭಾನುವಾರದ ದಿನೊಲು ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸೇವೆಲೂ ನಡೆಯುಂಡು. == ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ (2002–2004) == 2001ಡ್ Getty Institute for Architectural Conservation ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗ್ ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ ಮಾಡುಲೆಗ್ ಅನುದಾನ ನೀಡಿತ್ತ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Церква Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.kplavra.kiev.ua/ |publisher=Національний Києво-Печерський історико-культурний заповідник |access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref> 2002–2003ರ ಸಮಯಡ್ Getty Foundation‌ದ ಅನುದಾನ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮದ ಅಂಗವಾಗಿ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಮತ್‌ತು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ನಡೆಯಿತು. ಸ್ಮಾರಕದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೀಕರಣದ ಯೋಜನೆ ತಯಾರು ಮಾಡುಲೆಗ್ ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊಲು ನಡೆಸಾಯಿನೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Науково-реставраційні дослідження та виконання невідкладних консерваційних робіт на церкві Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.myslenedrevo.com.ua/ |publisher=Культурна спадщина Києва |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನದ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮುಂಭಾಗ, ಮೇಲ್ಛಾವಣಿ, ನೆಲದ ರಚನೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಒಳಭಾಗದ ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆಗಳ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ನಡೆಸಾಯಿನೆ. ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಯಿಂದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಮತ್‌ತು 14–16ನೇ ಶತಮಾನಗಳ ನಡುವಣ ಕಾಲಡ್ ನಡೆದಿದ್ದ ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾಗಿ ತಿಳಿಯದ ಪುನರ್‌ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಸುಳಿವುಗಳು ಲಭಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. 2003–2004ರ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಅಡಿಪಾಯದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿನ್ ತಿಳಿವೆರೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಹಿಂದಿನ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸೆರೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗಡ್ ಹಲವಾರು ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಗುಂಡಿಗಳು ತೆಗೆಯಲಾಯಿನೆ. == ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ (2017–2019) == 2017ಡ್ ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊಸ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆರಂಭ ಆಯಿನೆ. ಯೋಜನೆಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗ, ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲಿನ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಮತ್‌ತು ಕಟ್ಟಡದ ವಿವಿಧ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು ಸೇರಿತ್ತ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸದ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಮೂಲ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಉಳಿಸೆರೆ ವಿಶೇಷ ಗಮನ ಕೊಡಲಾಯಿನೆ. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲು ವಿಶೇಷ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೌಲ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ತಿಳಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಗ್ ವಿಯಾಚೆಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಮೊಸ್ಕಲೆವ್ಸ್ಕಿ 50 ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಹ್ರಿವ್ನಿಯಾ ಹಣಕಾಸು ನೆರವು ನೀಡಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಎರಡು ವರ್ಷ ನಡೆಯ್ದ್, 2019ಡ್ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾಗಿ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನೆ.<ref>{{cite web |title=В Киеве началась реставрация церкви 11 века |url=https://kyivnews.24tv.ua/ |publisher=24 Канал |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=У Києві відреставрують церкву Спаса на Берестові |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/ |publisher=Укрінформ |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref> == ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣವಾದ '''Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra''' ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣದ ಭಾಗ ಆಂಡು. ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ 1990ಡ್ UNESCO ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಸೇರಿಸಲಾಯಿನೆ.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ಕೂಡಲೇ ನೋಡೆಲೆ == * [[:Category:Burials at the Church of the Saviour at Berestove|ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು]] == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಗ್ರಂಥಸೂಚಿ == * Rappoport, Pyotr. ''Zodchestavo Drevnei Rusi''. Leningrad: Nauka, 1986. * Malikenaite, Ruta (2003). ''Touring Kyiv''. Baltia Druk. ISBN 966-96041-3-3. * {{cite web |title=Transfiguration Church in Berestove |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/ |publisher=Encyclopedia of Ukraine |access-date=24 November 2006}} * Klymenko, Sergiy. ''Церква Спаса на Берестові''. Pictures of Kyiv. * ''Памятники градостроительства и архитектуры Украинской ССР'', 4 volumes. Kyiv: Будивэльнык, 1983–86. == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Kyiv World Heritage Site] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove Wikimedia Commons – Church of the Saviour at Berestove] {{Commons category|Church of the Saviour at Berestove}} [[Category:ಕೀವ್]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಲು]] [[Category:12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ]] 8303sf79g2nd4zljx2am7l4otff3cfu 366740 366738 2026-08-23T15:30:56Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366740 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2026}} {{coord|50|26|14|N|30|33|18|E|region:UA|display=title}} {{Infobox church | name = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | native_name = Церква Спаса на Берестові | native_name_lang = uk | image = Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg | image_caption = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನೋಟ | location = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ, ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, [[ಕೀವ್]] | country = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | denomination = ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ | style = ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್ | years_built = 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ }} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | WHS = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | part_of = Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra | criteria = i, ii, iii, iv | id = 527 | year = 1990 | danger = 2023 }} '''ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊಡ್, ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್.ಉಂದು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಕೋಟೆಗೋಡೆದ ಪಿದಾಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಇತ್ತುಂಡಲಾ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊದ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ನ ಹೊರವಲಯೊದ ನಿವಾಸ ಆದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಅವು 1015ಡ್ದ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಮರಣ ಹೊಂದುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ವೆಸೆವೊಲೊದ್ I ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ II ಸೇರುದು ಅಲ್ಪ ಕೆಲವು ವಂಶಜೆರ್ ವಾಸ ಮಂತ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಅಲ್ಪ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಠ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಸುರುತ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆ 1073ಡ್ ಸಿಕ್ಕುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಈಗಿನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿಖರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ದಾಖಲೆಗ್ ಲಭಿಸಾಂಡ. ಆದರೂ, ಬಹುತೇಕ ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರ್ ಇದ್ [[ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್]] (1113–1125) ಆಡಳಿತ ಕಾಲಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನೆ ಪಂಡುದ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಪಡೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪೆರೆಯಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಕೆಲವು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ಸಾಮ್ಯ ಉಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಅರಮನೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನಡ್ ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್‌ಲೆಗಿಂತ ದೊಡ್ಡದಾಗಿತ್ತ್. ಇದ್ ಮೂಜಿ ''nave'', ಮೂಜಿ ''apse'' ಮತ್‌ತು ಬಹುಶಃ ಮೂಜಿ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದಿತ್ತ್. ಪಶ್ಚಿಮದ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೆಲವು ಭಾಗೊಲು ಇನ್ನೂ ಉಳಿದುಂಡು; ಬೇತೆ ಗೋಡೆಗಳ ರೂಪದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಉತ್ಖನನೊಲಿಂದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಲಭಿಸುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗ ''narthex'' ರೂಪಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನಾ ಸ್ಥಳದಿಂದ ಬೇರ್ಪಟ್ಟಿತ್ತ್. ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗಡ್ ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನದ ಕೊಠಡಿ ಮತ್‌ತು ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಭಾಗಡ್ ಹೊರಕ್ಕೆ ಚಾಚಿಕೊಂಡ ಗೋಪುರ ಇತ್ತ್. ಈ ಗೋಪುರಡ್ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ, ಅವನ ಕುಟುಂಬ ಮತ್‌ತು ಅತಿಥಿಲೆಗ್ ಮೇಲಿನ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗೆ ಪೋಪಿನ ಸುರುಳಿ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು ಇತ್ತ್. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|left|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಹೊರಾಂಗಣದ ನೋಟ]] ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರರ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ [[ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್]]‌ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಡ್ ಕೆಲವು ಹೊಸ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರವೇಶದ್ವಾರೊಲೆಗ್ ಎತ್ತರದ ಇಳಿಜಾರು ಇರುವ trefoil ಆಕಾರದ ಮುಖಮಂಟಪೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಲಂಬಾಕಾರದ ಭಾವನೆನ್ ಒತ್ತಿ ಹೇಳ್ತುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಭಾಗ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲಡ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆಯ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದಿತ್ತ್. ಡಬಲ್ ಮತ್‌ತು ಟ್ರಿಪಲ್ ಕುಳಿಗಳು, ''meander'' ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮತ್‌ತು ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಇದರ ವಿಶೇಷತೆ ಆಂಡಿತ್ತ್. ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಈ ಕಾಲದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಗಿಂತ ಭಿನ್ನವಾಗಿ, ಇದರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣಡ್ ಸುಣ್ಣಕಲ್ಲು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಾಡಿರಲಿಲ್ಲ ಪಂಡುದ ಹೇಳ್ಪುಂಡು. == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮರಣದ ಬಳಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಅವನ ಕುಟುಂಬದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಉಳಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನದ ಕೊಠಡಿಯ ಕೆಳಭಾಗಡ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ ವಂಶದ ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಮೂಜಿ ಸದಸ್ಯರ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು ಇತ್ತ್ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. ಇದಡ್ [[ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ]] (ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕ ಪಂಡುದ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾಯಿನೆ), ಅವನ ಮಗ ಗ್ಲೆಬ್ ಮತ್‌ತು ಮಗಳು ಯೂಫೆಮಿಯಾ ಸೇರೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> 1240ಡ್ ಬಾತು ಖಾನ್ ಕೀವ್ ಮೇಲೆ ದಾಳಿ ಮಾಡಿದಪ್ಪಗ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಹಾನಿಗೊಳಗಾಯಿನೆ. 1482ಡ್ ಮೆಙ್ಲಿ I ಗಿರಾಯ್‌ದ ದಾಳಿಯ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಕೂಡಾ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಹಾನಿಗೊಳಗಾಯಿನೆ. ಅನಂತರ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗೋಡೆಗಳು ಕುಸಿದು, 17ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ ತನಕ ಇದು ಅವಶೇಷದ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಡ್ ಇತ್ತ್. ಕೀವ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ್ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸುವ ಕೆಲಸಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೋಪಾಲಿಟನ್ [[ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ]] ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಾತ್ರ ವಹಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಅವು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಅಥವಾ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಹೊಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಕೆಲಸ 1640–1642ರ ನಡುವಣ ಕಾಲಡ್ ನಡೆದಿತ್ತ್. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಹಳೆಯ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗೋಡೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡ ಈ ಹೊಸ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಮೊದಲಿನ ಕಟ್ಟಡಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಚಿಕ್ಕದಾಗಿತ್ತ್. ಇದಡ್ ನಾಲ್ಕು ದಳದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದ ಸುತ್ತ ಐದು ಗೋಪುರೊಲು ಮತ್‌ತು ದೊಡ್ಡ ಪೇರಳೆ ಆಕಾರದ ಐದು ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್. ಎರಡು ವರ್ಷಗಳ ಬಳಿಕ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕಲಾವಿದರ ಒಂಜಿ ತಂಡ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗಡ್ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರ ''ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾನ ಕೊಡುಗೆ'' (''Petro Mohyla's Gift'') ಪಂಡುದ ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು. ಇದಡ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಎದುರ್ ಮೊಣಕಾಲೂರಿ, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮಾದರಿಯೊಂದನ್ ಅರ್ಪಣೆ ಮಾಡ್ತಿಪ್ಪುನೇ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಾಂಗಣ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ನೋಟ]] 1751–1752 ಮತ್‌ತು 1813–1814ರ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಲಾಯಿನೆ. ಅದೇ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ರಿ ಮೆಲೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಎರಡು ಹಂತದ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನೆ. ಈ ನವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಗಿಂತ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಭಿನ್ನವಾಗಿ ಕಾಣುಂಡು. 1909ಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ತಜ್ಞ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಷಿಯನ್ ಪೊಕ್ರಿಶ್ಕಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ರೂಪಕ್ಕೆ ತಿರುಗಿಸುವ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸನ್ ಆರಂಭಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಐದು ವರ್ಷ ಮುಂದುವರಿಯಿತು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮೂಲ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊಲು ಉತ್ಖನನದ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾಗಿದ್ದು, ಈಗಲೂ ಉಳಿದ ಕಟ್ಟಡದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗಡ್ ಕಾಣೆರೆ. 1947 ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 7ರಂದು ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಯ 800ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವದ ಸಂದರ್ಭ, ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ ಸಮಾಧಿಯಾಗಿದ್ದ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬಲಾದ ಸ್ಥಳಡ್ ದೊಡ್ಡ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಸಾರ್ಕೊಫೇಗಸ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಲಾಯಿನೆ. 1970ರ ದಶಕದ ಆರಂಭಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ''Miraculous Fishing'' ಎನಿಪುನ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರದ ಒಂಜಿ ತುಂಡು ಪತ್ತಾಯಿನೆ. ಇದಡ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನು ನೀರಿನ ಮೇಲೆ ನಡೆದು ದೋಣಿಯ ಕಡೆಗೆ ಪೋಪಿನ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪಡೆದ ಬಳಿಕ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ–ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಭಾಗ ಆಯಿನೆ. ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಇದು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯದ ರೂಪಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಯ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುಂಡು; ಭಾನುವಾರದ ದಿನೊಲು ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸೇವೆಲೂ ನಡೆಯುಂಡು. == ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ (2002–2004) == 2001ಡ್ Getty Institute for Architectural Conservation ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗ್ ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ ಮಾಡುಲೆಗ್ ಅನುದಾನ ನೀಡಿತ್ತ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Церква Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.kplavra.kiev.ua/ |publisher=Національний Києво-Печерський історико-культурний заповідник |access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref> 2002–2003ರ ಸಮಯಡ್ Getty Foundation‌ದ ಅನುದಾನ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮದ ಅಂಗವಾಗಿ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಮತ್‌ತು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ನಡೆಯಿತು. ಸ್ಮಾರಕದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೀಕರಣದ ಯೋಜನೆ ತಯಾರು ಮಾಡುಲೆಗ್ ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊಲು ನಡೆಸಾಯಿನೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Науково-реставраційні дослідження та виконання невідкладних консерваційних робіт на церкві Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.myslenedrevo.com.ua/ |publisher=Культурна спадщина Києва |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನದ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮುಂಭಾಗ, ಮೇಲ್ಛಾವಣಿ, ನೆಲದ ರಚನೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಒಳಭಾಗದ ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆಗಳ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ನಡೆಸಾಯಿನೆ. ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಯಿಂದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಮತ್‌ತು 14–16ನೇ ಶತಮಾನಗಳ ನಡುವಣ ಕಾಲಡ್ ನಡೆದಿದ್ದ ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾಗಿ ತಿಳಿಯದ ಪುನರ್‌ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಸುಳಿವುಗಳು ಲಭಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. 2003–2004ರ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಅಡಿಪಾಯದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿನ್ ತಿಳಿವೆರೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಹಿಂದಿನ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸೆರೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗಡ್ ಹಲವಾರು ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಗುಂಡಿಗಳು ತೆಗೆಯಲಾಯಿನೆ. == ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ (2017–2019) == 2017ಡ್ ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊಸ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆರಂಭ ಆಯಿನೆ. ಯೋಜನೆಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗ, ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲಿನ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಮತ್‌ತು ಕಟ್ಟಡದ ವಿವಿಧ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು ಸೇರಿತ್ತ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸದ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಮೂಲ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಉಳಿಸೆರೆ ವಿಶೇಷ ಗಮನ ಕೊಡಲಾಯಿನೆ. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲು ವಿಶೇಷ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೌಲ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ತಿಳಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಗ್ ವಿಯಾಚೆಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಮೊಸ್ಕಲೆವ್ಸ್ಕಿ 50 ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಹ್ರಿವ್ನಿಯಾ ಹಣಕಾಸು ನೆರವು ನೀಡಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಎರಡು ವರ್ಷ ನಡೆಯ್ದ್, 2019ಡ್ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾಗಿ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನೆ.<ref>{{cite web |title=В Киеве началась реставрация церкви 11 века |url=https://kyivnews.24tv.ua/ |publisher=24 Канал |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=У Києві відреставрують церкву Спаса на Берестові |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/ |publisher=Укрінформ |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref> == ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣವಾದ '''Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra''' ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣದ ಭಾಗ ಆಂಡು. ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ 1990ಡ್ UNESCO ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಸೇರಿಸಲಾಯಿನೆ.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ಕೂಡಲೇ ನೋಡೆಲೆ == * [[:Category:Burials at the Church of the Saviour at Berestove|ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು]] == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಗ್ರಂಥಸೂಚಿ == * Rappoport, Pyotr. ''Zodchestavo Drevnei Rusi''. Leningrad: Nauka, 1986. * Malikenaite, Ruta (2003). ''Touring Kyiv''. Baltia Druk. ISBN 966-96041-3-3. * {{cite web |title=Transfiguration Church in Berestove |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/ |publisher=Encyclopedia of Ukraine |access-date=24 November 2006}} * Klymenko, Sergiy. ''Церква Спаса на Берестові''. Pictures of Kyiv. * ''Памятники градостроительства и архитектуры Украинской ССР'', 4 volumes. Kyiv: Будивэльнык, 1983–86. == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Kyiv World Heritage Site] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove Wikimedia Commons – Church of the Saviour at Berestove] {{Commons category|Church of the Saviour at Berestove}} [[Category:ಕೀವ್]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಲು]] [[Category:12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ]] 4kdzy955zeaiweajyb4chicfodxdxck 366741 366740 2026-08-23T15:45:20Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2026}} {{coord|50|26|14|N|30|33|18|E|region:UA|display=title}} {{Infobox church | name = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | native_name = Церква Спаса на Берестові | native_name_lang = uk | image = Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg | image_caption = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನೋಟ | location = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ, ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, [[ಕೀವ್]] | country = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | denomination = ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ | style = ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್ | years_built = 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ }} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | WHS = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | part_of = Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra | criteria = i, ii, iii, iv | id = 527 | year = 1990 | danger = 2023 }} '''ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊಡ್, ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್.ಉಂದು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಕೋಟೆಗೋಡೆದ ಪಿದಾಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಇತ್ತುಂಡಲಾ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊದ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ನ ಹೊರವಲಯೊದ ನಿವಾಸ ಆದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಅವು 1015ಡ್ದ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಮರಣ ಹೊಂದುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ವೆಸೆವೊಲೊದ್ I ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ II ಸೇರುದು ಅಲ್ಪ ಕೆಲವು ವಂಶಜೆರ್ ವಾಸ ಮಂತ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಅಲ್ಪ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಠ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಸುರುತ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆ 1073ಡ್ ಸಿಕ್ಕುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಇತ್ತೆದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿಖರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದಾಖಲೆಲು ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಬಹುತೇಕ ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರೆರ್ ಉಂದು ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ (1113–1125) ಆಡಳಿತೊ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನಿ ಪಂಡುದು ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಮಂದೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ [[ಪೆರೆಯಾಸ್ಲಾವ್]] ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಕೆಲವು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ಸಾಮ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಅರಮನೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್‌ಲೆಗಿಂತ ಮಲ್ಲ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಮೂಜಿ ''ನೇವ್'', ಮೂಜಿ ''ಅಪ್ಸೆ'' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಹುಶಃ ಮೂಜಿ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದುಂಡು. ಪಶ್ಚಿಮೊದ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೆಲವು ಭಾಗೊಲು ನನ ಉಳಿದುಂಡು; ಬೇತೆ ಗೋಡೆದ ರೂಪೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಉತ್ಖನದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗ ''ನರ್ತೆಕ್ಸ್'' ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನಾ ಜಾಗೊಡ್ದು ಬೇರ್ಪಟ್ಟುದುಂಡು. ಉತ್ತರೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ದೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಪಿದಯಿ ಚಾಚುದಿನ ಗೋಪುರ ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಗೋಪುರೊಡು ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆ, ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅತಿಥಿಲೆಗ್ ಮಿತ್ತುದ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಸುರುಳಿದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಉಂಡು. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|left|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹೊರಾಂಗಣೊದ ನೋಟ]] ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರರೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊಡ್ ಕೆಲವು ಪೊಸ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಾದೇರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರವೇಶದ್ವಾರೊಲೆಗ್ ಎತ್ತರೊದ ಇಳಿಜಾರು ಉಪ್ಪುನ trefoil ಆಕಾರೊದ ಮುಖಮಂಟಪೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಲಂಬಾಕಾರದ ಭಾವನೆನ್ ಒತ್ತುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಭಾಗೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆದ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಡಬಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಟ್ರಿಪಲ್ ಕುಳಿಲು, ''ಮೇಯಾಂಡರ್'' ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಉಂದೆತ ವಿಶೇಷತೆ ಆದುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಈ ಕಾಲೊದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಡ್ದು ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್, ಉಂದೆತ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಡು ಸುಣ್ಣಕಲ್ಲು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಂದುಜೆರ್ ಪಂಡುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮರಣದ ಬಳಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಅವನ ಕುಟುಂಬದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಉಳಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನದ ಕೊಠಡಿಯ ಕೆಳಭಾಗಡ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ ವಂಶದ ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಮೂಜಿ ಸದಸ್ಯರ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು ಇತ್ತ್ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. ಇದಡ್ [[ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ]] (ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕ ಪಂಡುದ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾಯಿನೆ), ಅವನ ಮಗ ಗ್ಲೆಬ್ ಮತ್‌ತು ಮಗಳು ಯೂಫೆಮಿಯಾ ಸೇರೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> 1240ಡ್ ಬಾತು ಖಾನ್ ಕೀವ್ ಮೇಲೆ ದಾಳಿ ಮಾಡಿದಪ್ಪಗ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಹಾನಿಗೊಳಗಾಯಿನೆ. 1482ಡ್ ಮೆಙ್ಲಿ I ಗಿರಾಯ್‌ದ ದಾಳಿಯ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಕೂಡಾ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಹಾನಿಗೊಳಗಾಯಿನೆ. ಅನಂತರ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗೋಡೆಗಳು ಕುಸಿದು, 17ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ ತನಕ ಇದು ಅವಶೇಷದ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಡ್ ಇತ್ತ್. ಕೀವ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ್ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸುವ ಕೆಲಸಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೋಪಾಲಿಟನ್ [[ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ]] ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಾತ್ರ ವಹಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಅವು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಅಥವಾ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಹೊಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಕೆಲಸ 1640–1642ರ ನಡುವಣ ಕಾಲಡ್ ನಡೆದಿತ್ತ್. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಹಳೆಯ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗೋಡೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡ ಈ ಹೊಸ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಮೊದಲಿನ ಕಟ್ಟಡಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಚಿಕ್ಕದಾಗಿತ್ತ್. ಇದಡ್ ನಾಲ್ಕು ದಳದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದ ಸುತ್ತ ಐದು ಗೋಪುರೊಲು ಮತ್‌ತು ದೊಡ್ಡ ಪೇರಳೆ ಆಕಾರದ ಐದು ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್. ಎರಡು ವರ್ಷಗಳ ಬಳಿಕ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕಲಾವಿದರ ಒಂಜಿ ತಂಡ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗಡ್ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರ ''ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾನ ಕೊಡುಗೆ'' (''Petro Mohyla's Gift'') ಪಂಡುದ ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು. ಇದಡ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಎದುರ್ ಮೊಣಕಾಲೂರಿ, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮಾದರಿಯೊಂದನ್ ಅರ್ಪಣೆ ಮಾಡ್ತಿಪ್ಪುನೇ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಾಂಗಣ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ನೋಟ]] 1751–1752 ಮತ್‌ತು 1813–1814ರ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಲಾಯಿನೆ. ಅದೇ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ರಿ ಮೆಲೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಎರಡು ಹಂತದ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನೆ. ಈ ನವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಗಿಂತ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಭಿನ್ನವಾಗಿ ಕಾಣುಂಡು. 1909ಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ತಜ್ಞ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಷಿಯನ್ ಪೊಕ್ರಿಶ್ಕಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ರೂಪಕ್ಕೆ ತಿರುಗಿಸುವ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸನ್ ಆರಂಭಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಐದು ವರ್ಷ ಮುಂದುವರಿಯಿತು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮೂಲ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊಲು ಉತ್ಖನನದ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾಗಿದ್ದು, ಈಗಲೂ ಉಳಿದ ಕಟ್ಟಡದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗಡ್ ಕಾಣೆರೆ. 1947 ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 7ರಂದು ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಯ 800ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವದ ಸಂದರ್ಭ, ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ ಸಮಾಧಿಯಾಗಿದ್ದ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬಲಾದ ಸ್ಥಳಡ್ ದೊಡ್ಡ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಸಾರ್ಕೊಫೇಗಸ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಲಾಯಿನೆ. 1970ರ ದಶಕದ ಆರಂಭಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ''Miraculous Fishing'' ಎನಿಪುನ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರದ ಒಂಜಿ ತುಂಡು ಪತ್ತಾಯಿನೆ. ಇದಡ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನು ನೀರಿನ ಮೇಲೆ ನಡೆದು ದೋಣಿಯ ಕಡೆಗೆ ಪೋಪಿನ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪಡೆದ ಬಳಿಕ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ–ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಭಾಗ ಆಯಿನೆ. ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಇದು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯದ ರೂಪಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಯ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುಂಡು; ಭಾನುವಾರದ ದಿನೊಲು ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸೇವೆಲೂ ನಡೆಯುಂಡು. == ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ (2002–2004) == 2001ಡ್ Getty Institute for Architectural Conservation ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗ್ ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ ಮಾಡುಲೆಗ್ ಅನುದಾನ ನೀಡಿತ್ತ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Церква Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.kplavra.kiev.ua/ |publisher=Національний Києво-Печерський історико-культурний заповідник |access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref> 2002–2003ರ ಸಮಯಡ್ Getty Foundation‌ದ ಅನುದಾನ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮದ ಅಂಗವಾಗಿ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಮತ್‌ತು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ನಡೆಯಿತು. ಸ್ಮಾರಕದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೀಕರಣದ ಯೋಜನೆ ತಯಾರು ಮಾಡುಲೆಗ್ ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊಲು ನಡೆಸಾಯಿನೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Науково-реставраційні дослідження та виконання невідкладних консерваційних робіт на церкві Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.myslenedrevo.com.ua/ |publisher=Культурна спадщина Києва |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನದ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮುಂಭಾಗ, ಮೇಲ್ಛಾವಣಿ, ನೆಲದ ರಚನೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಒಳಭಾಗದ ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆಗಳ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ನಡೆಸಾಯಿನೆ. ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಯಿಂದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಮತ್‌ತು 14–16ನೇ ಶತಮಾನಗಳ ನಡುವಣ ಕಾಲಡ್ ನಡೆದಿದ್ದ ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾಗಿ ತಿಳಿಯದ ಪುನರ್‌ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಸುಳಿವುಗಳು ಲಭಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. 2003–2004ರ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಅಡಿಪಾಯದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿನ್ ತಿಳಿವೆರೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಹಿಂದಿನ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸೆರೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗಡ್ ಹಲವಾರು ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಗುಂಡಿಗಳು ತೆಗೆಯಲಾಯಿನೆ. == ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ (2017–2019) == 2017ಡ್ ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊಸ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆರಂಭ ಆಯಿನೆ. ಯೋಜನೆಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗ, ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲಿನ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಮತ್‌ತು ಕಟ್ಟಡದ ವಿವಿಧ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು ಸೇರಿತ್ತ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸದ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಮೂಲ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಉಳಿಸೆರೆ ವಿಶೇಷ ಗಮನ ಕೊಡಲಾಯಿನೆ. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲು ವಿಶೇಷ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೌಲ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ತಿಳಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಗ್ ವಿಯಾಚೆಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಮೊಸ್ಕಲೆವ್ಸ್ಕಿ 50 ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಹ್ರಿವ್ನಿಯಾ ಹಣಕಾಸು ನೆರವು ನೀಡಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಎರಡು ವರ್ಷ ನಡೆಯ್ದ್, 2019ಡ್ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾಗಿ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನೆ.<ref>{{cite web |title=В Киеве началась реставрация церкви 11 века |url=https://kyivnews.24tv.ua/ |publisher=24 Канал |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=У Києві відреставрують церкву Спаса на Берестові |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/ |publisher=Укрінформ |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref> == ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣವಾದ '''Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra''' ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣದ ಭಾಗ ಆಂಡು. ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ 1990ಡ್ UNESCO ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಸೇರಿಸಲಾಯಿನೆ.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ಕೂಡಲೇ ನೋಡೆಲೆ == * [[:Category:Burials at the Church of the Saviour at Berestove|ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು]] == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಗ್ರಂಥಸೂಚಿ == * Rappoport, Pyotr. ''Zodchestavo Drevnei Rusi''. Leningrad: Nauka, 1986. * Malikenaite, Ruta (2003). ''Touring Kyiv''. Baltia Druk. ISBN 966-96041-3-3. * {{cite web |title=Transfiguration Church in Berestove |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/ |publisher=Encyclopedia of Ukraine |access-date=24 November 2006}} * Klymenko, Sergiy. ''Церква Спаса на Берестові''. Pictures of Kyiv. * ''Памятники градостроительства и архитектуры Украинской ССР'', 4 volumes. Kyiv: Будивэльнык, 1983–86. == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Kyiv World Heritage Site] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove Wikimedia Commons – Church of the Saviour at Berestove] {{Commons category|Church of the Saviour at Berestove}} [[Category:ಕೀವ್]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಲು]] [[Category:12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ]] rmi8c9f3fhwcvw6853sesxb2zk8312g 366742 366741 2026-08-23T15:45:50Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2026}} {{coord|50|26|14|N|30|33|18|E|region:UA|display=title}} {{Infobox church | name = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | native_name = Церква Спаса на Берестові | native_name_lang = uk | image = Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg | image_caption = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನೋಟ | location = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ, ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, [[ಕೀವ್]] | country = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | denomination = ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ | style = ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್ | years_built = 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ }} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | WHS = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | part_of = Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra | criteria = i, ii, iii, iv | id = 527 | year = 1990 | danger = 2023 }} '''ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊಡ್, ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್.ಉಂದು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಕೋಟೆಗೋಡೆದ ಪಿದಾಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಇತ್ತುಂಡಲಾ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊದ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ನ ಹೊರವಲಯೊದ ನಿವಾಸ ಆದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಅವು 1015ಡ್ದ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಮರಣ ಹೊಂದುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ವೆಸೆವೊಲೊದ್ I ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ II ಸೇರುದು ಅಲ್ಪ ಕೆಲವು ವಂಶಜೆರ್ ವಾಸ ಮಂತ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಅಲ್ಪ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಠ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಸುರುತ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆ 1073ಡ್ ಸಿಕ್ಕುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಇತ್ತೆದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿಖರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದಾಖಲೆಲು ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಬಹುತೇಕ ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರೆರ್ ಉಂದು ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ (1113–1125) ಆಡಳಿತೊ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನಿ ಪಂಡುದು ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಮಂದೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪೆರೆಯಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಕೆಲವು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ಸಾಮ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಅರಮನೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್‌ಲೆಗಿಂತ ಮಲ್ಲ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಮೂಜಿ ''ನೇವ್'', ಮೂಜಿ ''ಅಪ್ಸೆ'' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಹುಶಃ ಮೂಜಿ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದುಂಡು. ಪಶ್ಚಿಮೊದ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೆಲವು ಭಾಗೊಲು ನನ ಉಳಿದುಂಡು; ಬೇತೆ ಗೋಡೆದ ರೂಪೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಉತ್ಖನದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗ ''ನರ್ತೆಕ್ಸ್'' ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನಾ ಜಾಗೊಡ್ದು ಬೇರ್ಪಟ್ಟುದುಂಡು. ಉತ್ತರೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ದೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಪಿದಯಿ ಚಾಚುದಿನ ಗೋಪುರ ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಗೋಪುರೊಡು ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆ, ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅತಿಥಿಲೆಗ್ ಮಿತ್ತುದ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಸುರುಳಿದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಉಂಡು. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|left|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹೊರಾಂಗಣೊದ ನೋಟ]] ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರರೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊಡ್ ಕೆಲವು ಪೊಸ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಾದೇರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರವೇಶದ್ವಾರೊಲೆಗ್ ಎತ್ತರೊದ ಇಳಿಜಾರು ಉಪ್ಪುನ trefoil ಆಕಾರೊದ ಮುಖಮಂಟಪೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಲಂಬಾಕಾರದ ಭಾವನೆನ್ ಒತ್ತುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಭಾಗೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆದ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಡಬಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಟ್ರಿಪಲ್ ಕುಳಿಲು, ''ಮೇಯಾಂಡರ್'' ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಉಂದೆತ ವಿಶೇಷತೆ ಆದುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಈ ಕಾಲೊದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಡ್ದು ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್, ಉಂದೆತ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಡು ಸುಣ್ಣಕಲ್ಲು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಂದುಜೆರ್ ಪಂಡುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮರಣದ ಬಳಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಅವನ ಕುಟುಂಬದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಉಳಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನದ ಕೊಠಡಿಯ ಕೆಳಭಾಗಡ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ ವಂಶದ ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಮೂಜಿ ಸದಸ್ಯರ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು ಇತ್ತ್ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. ಇದಡ್ [[ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ]] (ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕ ಪಂಡುದ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾಯಿನೆ), ಅವನ ಮಗ ಗ್ಲೆಬ್ ಮತ್‌ತು ಮಗಳು ಯೂಫೆಮಿಯಾ ಸೇರೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> 1240ಡ್ ಬಾತು ಖಾನ್ ಕೀವ್ ಮೇಲೆ ದಾಳಿ ಮಾಡಿದಪ್ಪಗ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಹಾನಿಗೊಳಗಾಯಿನೆ. 1482ಡ್ ಮೆಙ್ಲಿ I ಗಿರಾಯ್‌ದ ದಾಳಿಯ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಕೂಡಾ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಹಾನಿಗೊಳಗಾಯಿನೆ. ಅನಂತರ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗೋಡೆಗಳು ಕುಸಿದು, 17ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ ತನಕ ಇದು ಅವಶೇಷದ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಡ್ ಇತ್ತ್. ಕೀವ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ್ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸುವ ಕೆಲಸಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೋಪಾಲಿಟನ್ [[ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ]] ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಾತ್ರ ವಹಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಅವು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಅಥವಾ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಹೊಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಕೆಲಸ 1640–1642ರ ನಡುವಣ ಕಾಲಡ್ ನಡೆದಿತ್ತ್. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಹಳೆಯ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗೋಡೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡ ಈ ಹೊಸ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಮೊದಲಿನ ಕಟ್ಟಡಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಚಿಕ್ಕದಾಗಿತ್ತ್. ಇದಡ್ ನಾಲ್ಕು ದಳದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದ ಸುತ್ತ ಐದು ಗೋಪುರೊಲು ಮತ್‌ತು ದೊಡ್ಡ ಪೇರಳೆ ಆಕಾರದ ಐದು ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್. ಎರಡು ವರ್ಷಗಳ ಬಳಿಕ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕಲಾವಿದರ ಒಂಜಿ ತಂಡ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗಡ್ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರ ''ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾನ ಕೊಡುಗೆ'' (''Petro Mohyla's Gift'') ಪಂಡುದ ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು. ಇದಡ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಎದುರ್ ಮೊಣಕಾಲೂರಿ, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮಾದರಿಯೊಂದನ್ ಅರ್ಪಣೆ ಮಾಡ್ತಿಪ್ಪುನೇ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಾಂಗಣ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ನೋಟ]] 1751–1752 ಮತ್‌ತು 1813–1814ರ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಲಾಯಿನೆ. ಅದೇ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ರಿ ಮೆಲೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಎರಡು ಹಂತದ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನೆ. ಈ ನವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಗಿಂತ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಭಿನ್ನವಾಗಿ ಕಾಣುಂಡು. 1909ಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ತಜ್ಞ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಷಿಯನ್ ಪೊಕ್ರಿಶ್ಕಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ರೂಪಕ್ಕೆ ತಿರುಗಿಸುವ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸನ್ ಆರಂಭಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಐದು ವರ್ಷ ಮುಂದುವರಿಯಿತು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮೂಲ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊಲು ಉತ್ಖನನದ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾಗಿದ್ದು, ಈಗಲೂ ಉಳಿದ ಕಟ್ಟಡದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗಡ್ ಕಾಣೆರೆ. 1947 ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 7ರಂದು ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಯ 800ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವದ ಸಂದರ್ಭ, ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ ಸಮಾಧಿಯಾಗಿದ್ದ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬಲಾದ ಸ್ಥಳಡ್ ದೊಡ್ಡ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಸಾರ್ಕೊಫೇಗಸ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಲಾಯಿನೆ. 1970ರ ದಶಕದ ಆರಂಭಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ''Miraculous Fishing'' ಎನಿಪುನ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರದ ಒಂಜಿ ತುಂಡು ಪತ್ತಾಯಿನೆ. ಇದಡ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನು ನೀರಿನ ಮೇಲೆ ನಡೆದು ದೋಣಿಯ ಕಡೆಗೆ ಪೋಪಿನ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪಡೆದ ಬಳಿಕ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ–ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಭಾಗ ಆಯಿನೆ. ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಇದು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯದ ರೂಪಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಯ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುಂಡು; ಭಾನುವಾರದ ದಿನೊಲು ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸೇವೆಲೂ ನಡೆಯುಂಡು. == ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ (2002–2004) == 2001ಡ್ Getty Institute for Architectural Conservation ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗ್ ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ ಮಾಡುಲೆಗ್ ಅನುದಾನ ನೀಡಿತ್ತ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Церква Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.kplavra.kiev.ua/ |publisher=Національний Києво-Печерський історико-культурний заповідник |access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref> 2002–2003ರ ಸಮಯಡ್ Getty Foundation‌ದ ಅನುದಾನ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮದ ಅಂಗವಾಗಿ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಮತ್‌ತು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ನಡೆಯಿತು. ಸ್ಮಾರಕದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೀಕರಣದ ಯೋಜನೆ ತಯಾರು ಮಾಡುಲೆಗ್ ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊಲು ನಡೆಸಾಯಿನೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Науково-реставраційні дослідження та виконання невідкладних консерваційних робіт на церкві Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.myslenedrevo.com.ua/ |publisher=Культурна спадщина Києва |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನದ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮುಂಭಾಗ, ಮೇಲ್ಛಾವಣಿ, ನೆಲದ ರಚನೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಒಳಭಾಗದ ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆಗಳ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ನಡೆಸಾಯಿನೆ. ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಯಿಂದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಮತ್‌ತು 14–16ನೇ ಶತಮಾನಗಳ ನಡುವಣ ಕಾಲಡ್ ನಡೆದಿದ್ದ ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾಗಿ ತಿಳಿಯದ ಪುನರ್‌ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಸುಳಿವುಗಳು ಲಭಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. 2003–2004ರ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಅಡಿಪಾಯದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿನ್ ತಿಳಿವೆರೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಹಿಂದಿನ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸೆರೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗಡ್ ಹಲವಾರು ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಗುಂಡಿಗಳು ತೆಗೆಯಲಾಯಿನೆ. == ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ (2017–2019) == 2017ಡ್ ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊಸ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆರಂಭ ಆಯಿನೆ. ಯೋಜನೆಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗ, ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲಿನ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಮತ್‌ತು ಕಟ್ಟಡದ ವಿವಿಧ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು ಸೇರಿತ್ತ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸದ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಮೂಲ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಉಳಿಸೆರೆ ವಿಶೇಷ ಗಮನ ಕೊಡಲಾಯಿನೆ. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲು ವಿಶೇಷ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೌಲ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ತಿಳಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಗ್ ವಿಯಾಚೆಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಮೊಸ್ಕಲೆವ್ಸ್ಕಿ 50 ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಹ್ರಿವ್ನಿಯಾ ಹಣಕಾಸು ನೆರವು ನೀಡಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಎರಡು ವರ್ಷ ನಡೆಯ್ದ್, 2019ಡ್ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾಗಿ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನೆ.<ref>{{cite web |title=В Киеве началась реставрация церкви 11 века |url=https://kyivnews.24tv.ua/ |publisher=24 Канал |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=У Києві відреставрують церкву Спаса на Берестові |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/ |publisher=Укрінформ |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref> == ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣವಾದ '''Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra''' ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣದ ಭಾಗ ಆಂಡು. ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ 1990ಡ್ UNESCO ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಸೇರಿಸಲಾಯಿನೆ.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ಕೂಡಲೇ ನೋಡೆಲೆ == * [[:Category:Burials at the Church of the Saviour at Berestove|ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು]] == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಗ್ರಂಥಸೂಚಿ == * Rappoport, Pyotr. ''Zodchestavo Drevnei Rusi''. Leningrad: Nauka, 1986. * Malikenaite, Ruta (2003). ''Touring Kyiv''. Baltia Druk. ISBN 966-96041-3-3. * {{cite web |title=Transfiguration Church in Berestove |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/ |publisher=Encyclopedia of Ukraine |access-date=24 November 2006}} * Klymenko, Sergiy. ''Церква Спаса на Берестові''. Pictures of Kyiv. * ''Памятники градостроительства и архитектуры Украинской ССР'', 4 volumes. Kyiv: Будивэльнык, 1983–86. == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Kyiv World Heritage Site] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove Wikimedia Commons – Church of the Saviour at Berestove] {{Commons category|Church of the Saviour at Berestove}} [[Category:ಕೀವ್]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಲು]] [[Category:12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ]] jzj4u1b0av75ywwkupfkdn1j6in9gsj 366746 366742 2026-08-23T16:07:18Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366746 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2026}} {{coord|50|26|14|N|30|33|18|E|region:UA|display=title}} {{Infobox church | name = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | native_name = Церква Спаса на Берестові | native_name_lang = uk | image = Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg | image_caption = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನೋಟ | location = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ, ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, [[ಕೀವ್]] | country = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | denomination = ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ | style = ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್ | years_built = 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ }} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | WHS = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | part_of = Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra | criteria = i, ii, iii, iv | id = 527 | year = 1990 | danger = 2023 }} '''ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊಡ್, ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್.ಉಂದು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಕೋಟೆಗೋಡೆದ ಪಿದಾಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಇತ್ತುಂಡಲಾ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊದ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ನ ಹೊರವಲಯೊದ ನಿವಾಸ ಆದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಅವು 1015ಡ್ದ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಮರಣ ಹೊಂದುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ವೆಸೆವೊಲೊದ್ I ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ II ಸೇರುದು ಅಲ್ಪ ಕೆಲವು ವಂಶಜೆರ್ ವಾಸ ಮಂತ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಅಲ್ಪ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಠ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಸುರುತ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆ 1073ಡ್ ಸಿಕ್ಕುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಇತ್ತೆದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿಖರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದಾಖಲೆಲು ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಬಹುತೇಕ ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರೆರ್ ಉಂದು ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ (1113–1125) ಆಡಳಿತೊ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನಿ ಪಂಡುದು ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಮಂದೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪೆರೆಯಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಕೆಲವು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ಸಾಮ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಅರಮನೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್‌ಲೆಗಿಂತ ಮಲ್ಲ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಮೂಜಿ ''ನೇವ್'', ಮೂಜಿ ''ಅಪ್ಸೆ'' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಹುಶಃ ಮೂಜಿ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದುಂಡು. ಪಶ್ಚಿಮೊದ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೆಲವು ಭಾಗೊಲು ನನ ಉಳಿದುಂಡು; ಬೇತೆ ಗೋಡೆದ ರೂಪೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಉತ್ಖನದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗ ''ನರ್ತೆಕ್ಸ್'' ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನಾ ಜಾಗೊಡ್ದು ಬೇರ್ಪಟ್ಟುದುಂಡು. ಉತ್ತರೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ದೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಪಿದಯಿ ಚಾಚುದಿನ ಗೋಪುರ ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಗೋಪುರೊಡು ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆ, ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅತಿಥಿಲೆಗ್ ಮಿತ್ತುದ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಸುರುಳಿದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಉಂಡು. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|left|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹೊರಾಂಗಣೊದ ನೋಟ]] ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರರೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊಡ್ ಕೆಲವು ಪೊಸ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಾದೇರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರವೇಶದ್ವಾರೊಲೆಗ್ ಎತ್ತರೊದ ಇಳಿಜಾರು ಉಪ್ಪುನ trefoil ಆಕಾರೊದ ಮುಖಮಂಟಪೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಲಂಬಾಕಾರದ ಭಾವನೆನ್ ಒತ್ತುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಭಾಗೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆದ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಡಬಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಟ್ರಿಪಲ್ ಕುಳಿಲು, ''ಮೇಯಾಂಡರ್'' ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಉಂದೆತ ವಿಶೇಷತೆ ಆದುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಈ ಕಾಲೊದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಡ್ದು ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್, ಉಂದೆತ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಡು ಸುಣ್ಣಕಲ್ಲು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಂದುಜೆರ್ ಪಂಡುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮರಣೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಒರಿಪಾದೆರ್. ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನೊದ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿದ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ ವಂಶೊದ ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಮೂಜಿ ಸದಸ್ಯರೆನ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು ಉಂಡು ಪಂಡುದು ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ (ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕ ಪಂಡುದ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾದೆರ್), ಅರೆನ ಮಗೆ ಗ್ಲೆಬ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಗಳ್ ಯೂಫೆಮಿಯಾ ಸೇರುದು ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> 1240ಡ್ ಬಾತು ಖಾನ್ ಕೀವ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಳಿ ಮಂತುಪ್ಪುನಗ ಚರ್ಚ್ಗ್ ಹಾನಿಯಾಂಡ್. 1482ಡ್ ಮೆಙ್ಲಿ I ಗಿರಾಯ್‌ದ ದಾಳಿದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಕೂಡಾ ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಗು ಹಾನಿಯಾತುಂಡು. ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗೋಡೆಲು ಮಗುರ್ದು, 17ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಉಂದು ಅವಶೇಷೊದ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಡೇ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ್ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾನಗ ಕೆಲಸೊಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೋಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಾತ್ರ ವಹಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಅವು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಅತ್ತುಡ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಪೊಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಕೆಲಸ 1640–1642ರ ನಡುತ ಕಾಲೊಡು ನಡೆದುಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಪರತ್ತ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗೋಡೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು ಈ ಪೊಸ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ದುಂಬುದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಡ್ದು ಕಿನ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ನಾಲ್ ದಳೊದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಸುತ್ತ ಐನ್ ಗೋಪುರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ಪೇರಳೆ ಆಕಾರೊದ ಐನ್ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕಲಾವಿದರೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ತಂಡೊ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರ ''ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾನ ಕೊಡುಗೆ'' (''Petro Mohyla's Gift'') ಪಂಡುದ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಎದುರು ಮೊಣಕಾಲುನು ಊರುದು, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮಾದರಿ ಒಂಜೆನ್ ಅರ್ಪಣೆ ಮನ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಿದಾಯಿ ಭಾಗೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊ ನೋಟ]] 1751–1752 ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1813–1814ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅವ್ವೇ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ರಿ ಮೆಲೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಹಂತೊದ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಕಟ್ಟಾದೆರ್. ಈ ನವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಒಂತೆ ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು. 1909ಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊದ ತಜ್ಞೆ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಷಿಯನ್ ಪೊಕ್ರಿಶ್ಕಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನ್ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ರೂಪೊಗ್ ತಿರುಗಿಸುನ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸನ್ ಆರಂಭಿಸಾಯಿನಾರ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಐನ್ ವರ್ಷ ಮುಂದುವರಿಂಡ್. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮೂಲ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊಲು ಉತ್ಖನನೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾದುಂಡು, ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಒರಿದಿನ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ತೂವೊಲಿ. 1947 ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 7 ತಾನಿ ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆದ 800ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವದ ಸಂದರ್ಭ, ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ ಸಮಾಧಿಯಾದ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬರೆ ಆವಂದಿನ ಜಾಗೊಡು ಮಲ್ಲ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಸಾರ್ಕೊಫೇಗಸ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್ 1970ರ ದಶಕೊದ ಆರಂಭೊಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ''Miraculous Fishing'' ಪನಿಪುನ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ತುಂಡು ಪತ್ತೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಉಂದೆಡ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನು ನೀರುದ ಮಿತ್ತು ನಡತೊಂದು ದೋಣಿದ ಕಡೆಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಬಳಿಕ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ–ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಭಾಗೊ ಆಂಡ್. ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಉಂದು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯದ ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಯ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುಂಡು; ಭಾನುವಾರದ ದಿನೊಲು ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸೇವೆಲೂ ನಡೆಯುಂಡು. == ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ (2002–2004) == 2001ಡ್ Getty Institute for Architectural Conservation ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗ್ ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ ಮಾಡುಲೆಗ್ ಅನುದಾನ ನೀಡಿತ್ತ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Церква Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.kplavra.kiev.ua/ |publisher=Національний Києво-Печерський історико-культурний заповідник |access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref> 2002–2003ರ ಸಮಯಡ್ Getty Foundation‌ದ ಅನುದಾನ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮದ ಅಂಗವಾಗಿ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಮತ್‌ತು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ನಡೆಯಿತು. ಸ್ಮಾರಕದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೀಕರಣದ ಯೋಜನೆ ತಯಾರು ಮಾಡುಲೆಗ್ ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊಲು ನಡೆಸಾಯಿನೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Науково-реставраційні дослідження та виконання невідкладних консерваційних робіт на церкві Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.myslenedrevo.com.ua/ |publisher=Культурна спадщина Києва |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನದ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮುಂಭಾಗ, ಮೇಲ್ಛಾವಣಿ, ನೆಲದ ರಚನೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಒಳಭಾಗದ ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆಗಳ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ನಡೆಸಾಯಿನೆ. ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಯಿಂದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಮತ್‌ತು 14–16ನೇ ಶತಮಾನಗಳ ನಡುವಣ ಕಾಲಡ್ ನಡೆದಿದ್ದ ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾಗಿ ತಿಳಿಯದ ಪುನರ್‌ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಸುಳಿವುಗಳು ಲಭಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. 2003–2004ರ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಅಡಿಪಾಯದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿನ್ ತಿಳಿವೆರೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಹಿಂದಿನ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸೆರೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗಡ್ ಹಲವಾರು ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಗುಂಡಿಗಳು ತೆಗೆಯಲಾಯಿನೆ. == ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ (2017–2019) == 2017ಡ್ ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊಸ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆರಂಭ ಆಯಿನೆ. ಯೋಜನೆಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗ, ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲಿನ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಮತ್‌ತು ಕಟ್ಟಡದ ವಿವಿಧ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು ಸೇರಿತ್ತ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸದ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಮೂಲ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಉಳಿಸೆರೆ ವಿಶೇಷ ಗಮನ ಕೊಡಲಾಯಿನೆ. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲು ವಿಶೇಷ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೌಲ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ತಿಳಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಗ್ ವಿಯಾಚೆಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಮೊಸ್ಕಲೆವ್ಸ್ಕಿ 50 ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಹ್ರಿವ್ನಿಯಾ ಹಣಕಾಸು ನೆರವು ನೀಡಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಎರಡು ವರ್ಷ ನಡೆಯ್ದ್, 2019ಡ್ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾಗಿ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನೆ.<ref>{{cite web |title=В Киеве началась реставрация церкви 11 века |url=https://kyivnews.24tv.ua/ |publisher=24 Канал |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=У Києві відреставрують церкву Спаса на Берестові |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/ |publisher=Укрінформ |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref> == ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣವಾದ '''Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra''' ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣದ ಭಾಗ ಆಂಡು. ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ 1990ಡ್ UNESCO ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಸೇರಿಸಲಾಯಿನೆ.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ಕೂಡಲೇ ನೋಡೆಲೆ == * [[:Category:Burials at the Church of the Saviour at Berestove|ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು]] == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಗ್ರಂಥಸೂಚಿ == * Rappoport, Pyotr. ''Zodchestavo Drevnei Rusi''. Leningrad: Nauka, 1986. * Malikenaite, Ruta (2003). ''Touring Kyiv''. Baltia Druk. ISBN 966-96041-3-3. * {{cite web |title=Transfiguration Church in Berestove |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/ |publisher=Encyclopedia of Ukraine |access-date=24 November 2006}} * Klymenko, Sergiy. ''Церква Спаса на Берестові''. Pictures of Kyiv. * ''Памятники градостроительства и архитектуры Украинской ССР'', 4 volumes. Kyiv: Будивэльнык, 1983–86. == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Kyiv World Heritage Site] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove Wikimedia Commons – Church of the Saviour at Berestove] {{Commons category|Church of the Saviour at Berestove}} [[Category:ಕೀವ್]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಲು]] [[Category:12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ]] e3uz5tafnabkavch5clllq1pqcsqb6u 366749 366746 2026-08-23T16:10:31Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ (2002–2004) */ 366749 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2026}} {{coord|50|26|14|N|30|33|18|E|region:UA|display=title}} {{Infobox church | name = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | native_name = Церква Спаса на Берестові | native_name_lang = uk | image = Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg | image_caption = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನೋಟ | location = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ, ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, [[ಕೀವ್]] | country = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | denomination = ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ | style = ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್ | years_built = 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ }} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | WHS = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | part_of = Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra | criteria = i, ii, iii, iv | id = 527 | year = 1990 | danger = 2023 }} '''ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊಡ್, ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್.ಉಂದು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಕೋಟೆಗೋಡೆದ ಪಿದಾಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಇತ್ತುಂಡಲಾ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊದ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ನ ಹೊರವಲಯೊದ ನಿವಾಸ ಆದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಅವು 1015ಡ್ದ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಮರಣ ಹೊಂದುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ವೆಸೆವೊಲೊದ್ I ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ II ಸೇರುದು ಅಲ್ಪ ಕೆಲವು ವಂಶಜೆರ್ ವಾಸ ಮಂತ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಅಲ್ಪ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಠ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಸುರುತ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆ 1073ಡ್ ಸಿಕ್ಕುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಇತ್ತೆದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿಖರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದಾಖಲೆಲು ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಬಹುತೇಕ ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರೆರ್ ಉಂದು ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ (1113–1125) ಆಡಳಿತೊ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನಿ ಪಂಡುದು ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಮಂದೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪೆರೆಯಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಕೆಲವು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ಸಾಮ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಅರಮನೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್‌ಲೆಗಿಂತ ಮಲ್ಲ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಮೂಜಿ ''ನೇವ್'', ಮೂಜಿ ''ಅಪ್ಸೆ'' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಹುಶಃ ಮೂಜಿ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದುಂಡು. ಪಶ್ಚಿಮೊದ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೆಲವು ಭಾಗೊಲು ನನ ಉಳಿದುಂಡು; ಬೇತೆ ಗೋಡೆದ ರೂಪೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಉತ್ಖನದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗ ''ನರ್ತೆಕ್ಸ್'' ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನಾ ಜಾಗೊಡ್ದು ಬೇರ್ಪಟ್ಟುದುಂಡು. ಉತ್ತರೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ದೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಪಿದಯಿ ಚಾಚುದಿನ ಗೋಪುರ ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಗೋಪುರೊಡು ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆ, ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅತಿಥಿಲೆಗ್ ಮಿತ್ತುದ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಸುರುಳಿದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಉಂಡು. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|left|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹೊರಾಂಗಣೊದ ನೋಟ]] ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರರೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊಡ್ ಕೆಲವು ಪೊಸ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಾದೇರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರವೇಶದ್ವಾರೊಲೆಗ್ ಎತ್ತರೊದ ಇಳಿಜಾರು ಉಪ್ಪುನ trefoil ಆಕಾರೊದ ಮುಖಮಂಟಪೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಲಂಬಾಕಾರದ ಭಾವನೆನ್ ಒತ್ತುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಭಾಗೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆದ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಡಬಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಟ್ರಿಪಲ್ ಕುಳಿಲು, ''ಮೇಯಾಂಡರ್'' ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಉಂದೆತ ವಿಶೇಷತೆ ಆದುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಈ ಕಾಲೊದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಡ್ದು ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್, ಉಂದೆತ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಡು ಸುಣ್ಣಕಲ್ಲು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಂದುಜೆರ್ ಪಂಡುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮರಣೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಒರಿಪಾದೆರ್. ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನೊದ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿದ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ ವಂಶೊದ ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಮೂಜಿ ಸದಸ್ಯರೆನ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು ಉಂಡು ಪಂಡುದು ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ (ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕ ಪಂಡುದ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾದೆರ್), ಅರೆನ ಮಗೆ ಗ್ಲೆಬ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಗಳ್ ಯೂಫೆಮಿಯಾ ಸೇರುದು ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> 1240ಡ್ ಬಾತು ಖಾನ್ ಕೀವ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಳಿ ಮಂತುಪ್ಪುನಗ ಚರ್ಚ್ಗ್ ಹಾನಿಯಾಂಡ್. 1482ಡ್ ಮೆಙ್ಲಿ I ಗಿರಾಯ್‌ದ ದಾಳಿದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಕೂಡಾ ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಗು ಹಾನಿಯಾತುಂಡು. ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗೋಡೆಲು ಮಗುರ್ದು, 17ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಉಂದು ಅವಶೇಷೊದ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಡೇ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ್ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾನಗ ಕೆಲಸೊಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೋಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಾತ್ರ ವಹಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಅವು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಅತ್ತುಡ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಪೊಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಕೆಲಸ 1640–1642ರ ನಡುತ ಕಾಲೊಡು ನಡೆದುಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಪರತ್ತ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗೋಡೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು ಈ ಪೊಸ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ದುಂಬುದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಡ್ದು ಕಿನ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ನಾಲ್ ದಳೊದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಸುತ್ತ ಐನ್ ಗೋಪುರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ಪೇರಳೆ ಆಕಾರೊದ ಐನ್ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕಲಾವಿದರೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ತಂಡೊ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರ ''ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾನ ಕೊಡುಗೆ'' (''Petro Mohyla's Gift'') ಪಂಡುದ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಎದುರು ಮೊಣಕಾಲುನು ಊರುದು, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮಾದರಿ ಒಂಜೆನ್ ಅರ್ಪಣೆ ಮನ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಿದಾಯಿ ಭಾಗೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊ ನೋಟ]] 1751–1752 ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1813–1814ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅವ್ವೇ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ರಿ ಮೆಲೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಹಂತೊದ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಕಟ್ಟಾದೆರ್. ಈ ನವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಒಂತೆ ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು. 1909ಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊದ ತಜ್ಞೆ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಷಿಯನ್ ಪೊಕ್ರಿಶ್ಕಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನ್ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ರೂಪೊಗ್ ತಿರುಗಿಸುನ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸನ್ ಆರಂಭಿಸಾಯಿನಾರ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಐನ್ ವರ್ಷ ಮುಂದುವರಿಂಡ್. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮೂಲ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊಲು ಉತ್ಖನನೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾದುಂಡು, ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಒರಿದಿನ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ತೂವೊಲಿ. 1947 ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 7 ತಾನಿ ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆದ 800ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವದ ಸಂದರ್ಭ, ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ ಸಮಾಧಿಯಾದ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬರೆ ಆವಂದಿನ ಜಾಗೊಡು ಮಲ್ಲ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಸಾರ್ಕೊಫೇಗಸ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್ 1970ರ ದಶಕೊದ ಆರಂಭೊಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ''Miraculous Fishing'' ಪನಿಪುನ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ತುಂಡು ಪತ್ತೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಉಂದೆಡ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನು ನೀರುದ ಮಿತ್ತು ನಡತೊಂದು ದೋಣಿದ ಕಡೆಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಬಳಿಕ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ–ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಭಾಗೊ ಆಂಡ್. ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಉಂದು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯದ ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಯ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುಂಡು; ಭಾನುವಾರದ ದಿನೊಲು ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸೇವೆಲೂ ನಡೆಯುಂಡು. == ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ (2002–2004) == 2001ಡ್ Getty Institute for Architectural Conservation ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗ್ ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ ಮನ್ಪುಗನೇ ಅನುದಾನ ಕೊರ್ದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Церква Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.kplavra.kiev.ua/ |publisher=Національний Києво-Печерський історико-культурний заповідник |access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref> 2002–2003ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ Getty Foundation‌ದ ಅನುದಾನ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮದ ಅಂಗವಾದ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ನಡೆಯಿತು. ಸ್ಮಾರಕದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೀಕರಣದ ಯೋಜನೆ ತಯಾರು ಮ ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊಲು ನಡೆಸಾಯಿನೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Науково-реставраційні дослідження та виконання невідкладних консерваційних робіт на церкві Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.myslenedrevo.com.ua/ |publisher=Культурна спадщина Києва |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯೊನದ ಸಂದರ್ಭದಲ್ಲಿ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮುಂಭಾಗ, ಮೇಲ್ಛಾವಣಿ, ನೆಲದ ರಚನೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಒಳಭಾಗದ ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆಗಳ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ನಡೆಸಾಯಿನೆ. ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಯಿಂದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಮತ್‌ತು 14–16ನೇ ಶತಮಾನಗಳ ನಡುವಣ ಕಾಲಡ್ ನಡೆದಿದ್ದ ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾಗಿ ತಿಳಿಯದ ಪುನರ್‌ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಸುಳಿವುಗಳು ಲಭಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. 2003–2004ರ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಅಡಿಪಾಯದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿನ್ ತಿಳಿವೆರೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಹಿಂದಿನ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸೆರೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗಡ್ ಹಲವಾರು ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಗುಂಡಿಗಳು ತೆಗೆಯಲಾಯಿನೆ. == ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ (2017–2019) == 2017ಡ್ ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊಸ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆರಂಭ ಆಯಿನೆ. ಯೋಜನೆಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗ, ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲಿನ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಮತ್‌ತು ಕಟ್ಟಡದ ವಿವಿಧ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು ಸೇರಿತ್ತ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸದ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಮೂಲ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಉಳಿಸೆರೆ ವಿಶೇಷ ಗಮನ ಕೊಡಲಾಯಿನೆ. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲು ವಿಶೇಷ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೌಲ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ತಿಳಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಗ್ ವಿಯಾಚೆಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಮೊಸ್ಕಲೆವ್ಸ್ಕಿ 50 ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಹ್ರಿವ್ನಿಯಾ ಹಣಕಾಸು ನೆರವು ನೀಡಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಎರಡು ವರ್ಷ ನಡೆಯ್ದ್, 2019ಡ್ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾಗಿ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನೆ.<ref>{{cite web |title=В Киеве началась реставрация церкви 11 века |url=https://kyivnews.24tv.ua/ |publisher=24 Канал |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=У Києві відреставрують церкву Спаса на Берестові |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/ |publisher=Укрінформ |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref> == ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣವಾದ '''Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra''' ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣದ ಭಾಗ ಆಂಡು. ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ 1990ಡ್ UNESCO ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಸೇರಿಸಲಾಯಿನೆ.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ಕೂಡಲೇ ನೋಡೆಲೆ == * [[:Category:Burials at the Church of the Saviour at Berestove|ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು]] == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಗ್ರಂಥಸೂಚಿ == * Rappoport, Pyotr. ''Zodchestavo Drevnei Rusi''. Leningrad: Nauka, 1986. * Malikenaite, Ruta (2003). ''Touring Kyiv''. Baltia Druk. ISBN 966-96041-3-3. * {{cite web |title=Transfiguration Church in Berestove |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/ |publisher=Encyclopedia of Ukraine |access-date=24 November 2006}} * Klymenko, Sergiy. ''Церква Спаса на Берестові''. Pictures of Kyiv. * ''Памятники градостроительства и архитектуры Украинской ССР'', 4 volumes. Kyiv: Будивэльнык, 1983–86. == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Kyiv World Heritage Site] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove Wikimedia Commons – Church of the Saviour at Berestove] {{Commons category|Church of the Saviour at Berestove}} [[Category:ಕೀವ್]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಲು]] [[Category:12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ]] sn89mepoat6j6d7acfff82ldan1rl11 366750 366749 2026-08-23T16:12:44Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ (2002–2004) */ 366750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2026}} {{coord|50|26|14|N|30|33|18|E|region:UA|display=title}} {{Infobox church | name = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | native_name = Церква Спаса на Берестові | native_name_lang = uk | image = Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg | image_caption = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನೋಟ | location = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ, ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, [[ಕೀವ್]] | country = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | denomination = ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ | style = ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್ | years_built = 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ }} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | WHS = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | part_of = Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra | criteria = i, ii, iii, iv | id = 527 | year = 1990 | danger = 2023 }} '''ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊಡ್, ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್.ಉಂದು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಕೋಟೆಗೋಡೆದ ಪಿದಾಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಇತ್ತುಂಡಲಾ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊದ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ನ ಹೊರವಲಯೊದ ನಿವಾಸ ಆದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಅವು 1015ಡ್ದ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಮರಣ ಹೊಂದುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ವೆಸೆವೊಲೊದ್ I ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ II ಸೇರುದು ಅಲ್ಪ ಕೆಲವು ವಂಶಜೆರ್ ವಾಸ ಮಂತ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಅಲ್ಪ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಠ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಸುರುತ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆ 1073ಡ್ ಸಿಕ್ಕುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಇತ್ತೆದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿಖರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದಾಖಲೆಲು ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಬಹುತೇಕ ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರೆರ್ ಉಂದು ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ (1113–1125) ಆಡಳಿತೊ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನಿ ಪಂಡುದು ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಮಂದೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪೆರೆಯಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಕೆಲವು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ಸಾಮ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಅರಮನೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್‌ಲೆಗಿಂತ ಮಲ್ಲ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಮೂಜಿ ''ನೇವ್'', ಮೂಜಿ ''ಅಪ್ಸೆ'' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಹುಶಃ ಮೂಜಿ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದುಂಡು. ಪಶ್ಚಿಮೊದ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೆಲವು ಭಾಗೊಲು ನನ ಉಳಿದುಂಡು; ಬೇತೆ ಗೋಡೆದ ರೂಪೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಉತ್ಖನದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗ ''ನರ್ತೆಕ್ಸ್'' ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನಾ ಜಾಗೊಡ್ದು ಬೇರ್ಪಟ್ಟುದುಂಡು. ಉತ್ತರೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ದೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಪಿದಯಿ ಚಾಚುದಿನ ಗೋಪುರ ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಗೋಪುರೊಡು ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆ, ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅತಿಥಿಲೆಗ್ ಮಿತ್ತುದ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಸುರುಳಿದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಉಂಡು. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|left|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹೊರಾಂಗಣೊದ ನೋಟ]] ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರರೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊಡ್ ಕೆಲವು ಪೊಸ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಾದೇರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರವೇಶದ್ವಾರೊಲೆಗ್ ಎತ್ತರೊದ ಇಳಿಜಾರು ಉಪ್ಪುನ trefoil ಆಕಾರೊದ ಮುಖಮಂಟಪೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಲಂಬಾಕಾರದ ಭಾವನೆನ್ ಒತ್ತುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಭಾಗೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆದ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಡಬಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಟ್ರಿಪಲ್ ಕುಳಿಲು, ''ಮೇಯಾಂಡರ್'' ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಉಂದೆತ ವಿಶೇಷತೆ ಆದುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಈ ಕಾಲೊದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಡ್ದು ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್, ಉಂದೆತ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಡು ಸುಣ್ಣಕಲ್ಲು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಂದುಜೆರ್ ಪಂಡುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮರಣೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಒರಿಪಾದೆರ್. ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನೊದ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿದ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ ವಂಶೊದ ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಮೂಜಿ ಸದಸ್ಯರೆನ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು ಉಂಡು ಪಂಡುದು ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ (ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕ ಪಂಡುದ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾದೆರ್), ಅರೆನ ಮಗೆ ಗ್ಲೆಬ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಗಳ್ ಯೂಫೆಮಿಯಾ ಸೇರುದು ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> 1240ಡ್ ಬಾತು ಖಾನ್ ಕೀವ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಳಿ ಮಂತುಪ್ಪುನಗ ಚರ್ಚ್ಗ್ ಹಾನಿಯಾಂಡ್. 1482ಡ್ ಮೆಙ್ಲಿ I ಗಿರಾಯ್‌ದ ದಾಳಿದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಕೂಡಾ ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಗು ಹಾನಿಯಾತುಂಡು. ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗೋಡೆಲು ಮಗುರ್ದು, 17ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಉಂದು ಅವಶೇಷೊದ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಡೇ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ್ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾನಗ ಕೆಲಸೊಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೋಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಾತ್ರ ವಹಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಅವು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಅತ್ತುಡ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಪೊಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಕೆಲಸ 1640–1642ರ ನಡುತ ಕಾಲೊಡು ನಡೆದುಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಪರತ್ತ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗೋಡೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು ಈ ಪೊಸ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ದುಂಬುದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಡ್ದು ಕಿನ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ನಾಲ್ ದಳೊದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಸುತ್ತ ಐನ್ ಗೋಪುರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ಪೇರಳೆ ಆಕಾರೊದ ಐನ್ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕಲಾವಿದರೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ತಂಡೊ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರ ''ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾನ ಕೊಡುಗೆ'' (''Petro Mohyla's Gift'') ಪಂಡುದ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಎದುರು ಮೊಣಕಾಲುನು ಊರುದು, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮಾದರಿ ಒಂಜೆನ್ ಅರ್ಪಣೆ ಮನ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಿದಾಯಿ ಭಾಗೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊ ನೋಟ]] 1751–1752 ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1813–1814ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅವ್ವೇ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ರಿ ಮೆಲೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಹಂತೊದ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಕಟ್ಟಾದೆರ್. ಈ ನವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಒಂತೆ ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು. 1909ಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊದ ತಜ್ಞೆ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಷಿಯನ್ ಪೊಕ್ರಿಶ್ಕಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನ್ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ರೂಪೊಗ್ ತಿರುಗಿಸುನ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸನ್ ಆರಂಭಿಸಾಯಿನಾರ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಐನ್ ವರ್ಷ ಮುಂದುವರಿಂಡ್. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮೂಲ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊಲು ಉತ್ಖನನೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾದುಂಡು, ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಒರಿದಿನ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ತೂವೊಲಿ. 1947 ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 7 ತಾನಿ ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆದ 800ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವದ ಸಂದರ್ಭ, ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ ಸಮಾಧಿಯಾದ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬರೆ ಆವಂದಿನ ಜಾಗೊಡು ಮಲ್ಲ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಸಾರ್ಕೊಫೇಗಸ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್ 1970ರ ದಶಕೊದ ಆರಂಭೊಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ''Miraculous Fishing'' ಪನಿಪುನ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ತುಂಡು ಪತ್ತೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಉಂದೆಡ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನು ನೀರುದ ಮಿತ್ತು ನಡತೊಂದು ದೋಣಿದ ಕಡೆಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಬಳಿಕ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ–ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಭಾಗೊ ಆಂಡ್. ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಉಂದು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯದ ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಯ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುಂಡು; ಭಾನುವಾರದ ದಿನೊಲು ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸೇವೆಲೂ ನಡೆಯುಂಡು. == ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ (2002–2004) == 2001ಡ್ Getty Institute for Architectural Conservation ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗ್ ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ ಮನ್ಪುಗನೇ ಅನುದಾನ ಕೊರ್ದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Церква Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.kplavra.kiev.ua/ |publisher=Національний Києво-Печерський історико-культурний заповідник |access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref> 2002–2003ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ Getty Foundation‌ದ ಅನುದಾನ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊದ ಅಂಗವಾದ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ನಡೆತುಡು. ಸ್ಮಾರಕದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೀಕರಣದ ಯೋಜನೆ ತಯಾರು ಮಂತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊಲು ನಡೆಸಾಯಿನೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Науково-реставраційні дослідження та виконання невідкладних консерваційних робіт на церкві Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.myslenedrevo.com.ua/ |publisher=Культурна спадщина Києва |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯೊನದ ಸಂದರ್ಭೊಡು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮುಂಭಾಗ, ಮೇಲ್ಛಾವಣಿ, ನೆಲದೊ ರಚನೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಒಳಭಾಗದ ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆಗಳ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ನಡೆಸಾಯಿನೆ. ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಯಿಂದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಮತ್‌ತು 14–16ನೇ ಶತಮಾನಗಳ ನಡುವಣ ಕಾಲಡ್ ನಡೆದಿದ್ದ ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾಗಿ ತಿಳಿಯದ ಪುನರ್‌ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಸುಳಿವುಗಳು ಲಭಿಸಾಯಿನೆ. 2003–2004ರ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಅಡಿಪಾಯದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿನ್ ತಿಳಿವೆರೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಹಿಂದಿನ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸೆರೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗಡ್ ಹಲವಾರು ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಗುಂಡಿಗಳು ತೆಗೆಯಲಾಯಿನೆ. == ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ (2017–2019) == 2017ಡ್ ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊಸ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆರಂಭ ಆಯಿನೆ. ಯೋಜನೆಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗ, ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲಿನ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಮತ್‌ತು ಕಟ್ಟಡದ ವಿವಿಧ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು ಸೇರಿತ್ತ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸದ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಮೂಲ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಉಳಿಸೆರೆ ವಿಶೇಷ ಗಮನ ಕೊಡಲಾಯಿನೆ. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲು ವಿಶೇಷ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೌಲ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ತಿಳಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಗ್ ವಿಯಾಚೆಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಮೊಸ್ಕಲೆವ್ಸ್ಕಿ 50 ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಹ್ರಿವ್ನಿಯಾ ಹಣಕಾಸು ನೆರವು ನೀಡಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಎರಡು ವರ್ಷ ನಡೆಯ್ದ್, 2019ಡ್ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾಗಿ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನೆ.<ref>{{cite web |title=В Киеве началась реставрация церкви 11 века |url=https://kyivnews.24tv.ua/ |publisher=24 Канал |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=У Києві відреставрують церкву Спаса на Берестові |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/ |publisher=Укрінформ |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref> == ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣವಾದ '''Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra''' ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣದ ಭಾಗ ಆಂಡು. ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ 1990ಡ್ UNESCO ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಸೇರಿಸಲಾಯಿನೆ.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ಕೂಡಲೇ ನೋಡೆಲೆ == * [[:Category:Burials at the Church of the Saviour at Berestove|ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು]] == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಗ್ರಂಥಸೂಚಿ == * Rappoport, Pyotr. ''Zodchestavo Drevnei Rusi''. Leningrad: Nauka, 1986. * Malikenaite, Ruta (2003). ''Touring Kyiv''. Baltia Druk. ISBN 966-96041-3-3. * {{cite web |title=Transfiguration Church in Berestove |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/ |publisher=Encyclopedia of Ukraine |access-date=24 November 2006}} * Klymenko, Sergiy. ''Церква Спаса на Берестові''. Pictures of Kyiv. * ''Памятники градостроительства и архитектуры Украинской ССР'', 4 volumes. Kyiv: Будивэльнык, 1983–86. == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Kyiv World Heritage Site] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove Wikimedia Commons – Church of the Saviour at Berestove] {{Commons category|Church of the Saviour at Berestove}} [[Category:ಕೀವ್]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಲು]] [[Category:12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ]] gf4963soy8yrzwrakv65swbgud11yg1 366751 366750 2026-08-23T16:20:48Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2026}} {{coord|50|26|14|N|30|33|18|E|region:UA|display=title}} {{Infobox church | name = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | native_name = Церква Спаса на Берестові | native_name_lang = uk | image = Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg | image_caption = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನೋಟ | location = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ, ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, [[ಕೀವ್]] | country = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | denomination = ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ | style = ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್ | years_built = 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ }} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | WHS = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | part_of = Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra | criteria = i, ii, iii, iv | id = 527 | year = 1990 | danger = 2023 }} '''ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊಡ್, ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್.ಉಂದು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಕೋಟೆಗೋಡೆದ ಪಿದಾಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಇತ್ತುಂಡಲಾ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊದ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ನ ಹೊರವಲಯೊದ ನಿವಾಸ ಆದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಅವು 1015ಡ್ದ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಮರಣ ಹೊಂದುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ವೆಸೆವೊಲೊದ್ I ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ II ಸೇರುದು ಅಲ್ಪ ಕೆಲವು ವಂಶಜೆರ್ ವಾಸ ಮಂತ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಅಲ್ಪ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಠ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಸುರುತ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆ 1073ಡ್ ಸಿಕ್ಕುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಇತ್ತೆದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿಖರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದಾಖಲೆಲು ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಬಹುತೇಕ ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರೆರ್ ಉಂದು ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ (1113–1125) ಆಡಳಿತೊ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನಿ ಪಂಡುದು ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಮಂದೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪೆರೆಯಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಕೆಲವು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ಸಾಮ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಅರಮನೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್‌ಲೆಗಿಂತ ಮಲ್ಲ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಮೂಜಿ ''ನೇವ್'', ಮೂಜಿ ''ಅಪ್ಸೆ'' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಹುಶಃ ಮೂಜಿ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದುಂಡು. ಪಶ್ಚಿಮೊದ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೆಲವು ಭಾಗೊಲು ನನ ಉಳಿದುಂಡು; ಬೇತೆ ಗೋಡೆದ ರೂಪೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಉತ್ಖನದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗ ''ನರ್ತೆಕ್ಸ್'' ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನಾ ಜಾಗೊಡ್ದು ಬೇರ್ಪಟ್ಟುದುಂಡು. ಉತ್ತರೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ದೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಪಿದಯಿ ಚಾಚುದಿನ ಗೋಪುರ ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಗೋಪುರೊಡು ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆ, ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅತಿಥಿಲೆಗ್ ಮಿತ್ತುದ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಸುರುಳಿದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಉಂಡು. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|left|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹೊರಾಂಗಣೊದ ನೋಟ]] ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರರೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊಡ್ ಕೆಲವು ಪೊಸ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಾದೇರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರವೇಶದ್ವಾರೊಲೆಗ್ ಎತ್ತರೊದ ಇಳಿಜಾರು ಉಪ್ಪುನ trefoil ಆಕಾರೊದ ಮುಖಮಂಟಪೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಲಂಬಾಕಾರದ ಭಾವನೆನ್ ಒತ್ತುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಭಾಗೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆದ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಡಬಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಟ್ರಿಪಲ್ ಕುಳಿಲು, ''ಮೇಯಾಂಡರ್'' ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಉಂದೆತ ವಿಶೇಷತೆ ಆದುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಈ ಕಾಲೊದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಡ್ದು ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್, ಉಂದೆತ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಡು ಸುಣ್ಣಕಲ್ಲು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಂದುಜೆರ್ ಪಂಡುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮರಣೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಒರಿಪಾದೆರ್. ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನೊದ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿದ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ ವಂಶೊದ ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಮೂಜಿ ಸದಸ್ಯರೆನ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು ಉಂಡು ಪಂಡುದು ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ (ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕ ಪಂಡುದ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾದೆರ್), ಅರೆನ ಮಗೆ ಗ್ಲೆಬ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಗಳ್ ಯೂಫೆಮಿಯಾ ಸೇರುದು ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> 1240ಡ್ ಬಾತು ಖಾನ್ ಕೀವ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಳಿ ಮಂತುಪ್ಪುನಗ ಚರ್ಚ್ಗ್ ಹಾನಿಯಾಂಡ್. 1482ಡ್ ಮೆಙ್ಲಿ I ಗಿರಾಯ್‌ದ ದಾಳಿದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಕೂಡಾ ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಗು ಹಾನಿಯಾತುಂಡು. ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗೋಡೆಲು ಮಗುರ್ದು, 17ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಉಂದು ಅವಶೇಷೊದ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಡೇ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ್ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾನಗ ಕೆಲಸೊಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೋಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಾತ್ರ ವಹಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಅವು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಅತ್ತುಡ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಪೊಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಕೆಲಸ 1640–1642ರ ನಡುತ ಕಾಲೊಡು ನಡೆದುಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಪರತ್ತ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗೋಡೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು ಈ ಪೊಸ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ದುಂಬುದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಡ್ದು ಕಿನ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ನಾಲ್ ದಳೊದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಸುತ್ತ ಐನ್ ಗೋಪುರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ಪೇರಳೆ ಆಕಾರೊದ ಐನ್ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕಲಾವಿದರೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ತಂಡೊ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರ ''ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾನ ಕೊಡುಗೆ'' (''Petro Mohyla's Gift'') ಪಂಡುದ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಎದುರು ಮೊಣಕಾಲುನು ಊರುದು, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮಾದರಿ ಒಂಜೆನ್ ಅರ್ಪಣೆ ಮನ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಿದಾಯಿ ಭಾಗೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊ ನೋಟ]] 1751–1752 ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1813–1814ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅವ್ವೇ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ರಿ ಮೆಲೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಹಂತೊದ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಕಟ್ಟಾದೆರ್. ಈ ನವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಒಂತೆ ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು. 1909ಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊದ ತಜ್ಞೆ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಷಿಯನ್ ಪೊಕ್ರಿಶ್ಕಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನ್ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ರೂಪೊಗ್ ತಿರುಗಿಸುನ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸನ್ ಆರಂಭಿಸಾಯಿನಾರ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಐನ್ ವರ್ಷ ಮುಂದುವರಿಂಡ್. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮೂಲ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊಲು ಉತ್ಖನನೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾದುಂಡು, ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಒರಿದಿನ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ತೂವೊಲಿ. 1947 ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 7 ತಾನಿ ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆದ 800ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವದ ಸಂದರ್ಭ, ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ ಸಮಾಧಿಯಾದ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬರೆ ಆವಂದಿನ ಜಾಗೊಡು ಮಲ್ಲ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಸಾರ್ಕೊಫೇಗಸ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್ 1970ರ ದಶಕೊದ ಆರಂಭೊಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ''Miraculous Fishing'' ಪನಿಪುನ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ತುಂಡು ಪತ್ತೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಉಂದೆಡ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನು ನೀರುದ ಮಿತ್ತು ನಡತೊಂದು ದೋಣಿದ ಕಡೆಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಬಳಿಕ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ–ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಭಾಗೊ ಆಂಡ್. ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಉಂದು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯದ ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಯ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುಂಡು; ಭಾನುವಾರದ ದಿನೊಲು ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸೇವೆಲೂ ನಡೆಯುಂಡು. == ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ (2002–2004) == 2001ಡ್ Getty Institute for Architectural Conservation ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗ್ ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ ಮನ್ಪುಗನೇ ಅನುದಾನ ಕೊರ್ದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Церква Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.kplavra.kiev.ua/ |publisher=Національний Києво-Печерський історико-культурний заповідник |access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref> 2002–2003ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ Getty Foundation‌ದ ಅನುದಾನ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊದ ಅಂಗವಾದ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ನಡೆತುಂಡು. ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೀಕರಣದ ಯೋಜನೆ ತಯಾರು ಮಂತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊಲು ನಡಪಾಯೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Науково-реставраційні дослідження та виконання невідкладних консерваційних робіт на церкві Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.myslenedrevo.com.ua/ |publisher=Культурна спадщина Києва |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯೊನದ ಸಂದರ್ಭೊಡು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮುಂಭಾಗೊದ ಮೇಲ್ಛಾವಣಿ, ನೆಲದೊ ರಚನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಲಯಿ ಭಾಗೊದ ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ನಡೆಪಾಯೆರ್. ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಡ್ದ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 14–16ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಲೆನ ನಡುತ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ನಡೆತಿನ ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾದ್ ತೆರಿಯಂದಿನ ಪುನರ್‌ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ಸುಳಿವುಲು ಲಭಿಸಾದುಂಡು. 2003–2004ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿನ್ ತೆರಿಯರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದುಂಬುದ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಾರೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಅವೆತೋ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಗುಂಡಿಲು ದೆಯಿದೆರ್. == ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ (2017–2019) == 2017ಡ್ ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊಸ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆರಂಭ ಆಯಿನೆ. ಯೋಜನೆಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಒಳಭಾಗ, ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲಿನ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಮತ್‌ತು ಕಟ್ಟಡದ ವಿವಿಧ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್‌ತು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು ಸೇರಿತ್ತ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸದ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಮೂಲ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಉಳಿಸೆರೆ ವಿಶೇಷ ಗಮನ ಕೊಡಲಾಯಿನೆ. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲು ವಿಶೇಷ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೌಲ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ತಿಳಿಸಾಯಿನೆರ್. ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಗ್ ವಿಯಾಚೆಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಮೊಸ್ಕಲೆವ್ಸ್ಕಿ 50 ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಹ್ರಿವ್ನಿಯಾ ಹಣಕಾಸು ನೆರವು ನೀಡಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಎರಡು ವರ್ಷ ನಡೆಯ್ದ್, 2019ಡ್ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾಗಿ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನೆ.<ref>{{cite web |title=В Киеве началась реставрация церкви 11 века |url=https://kyivnews.24tv.ua/ |publisher=24 Канал |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=У Києві відреставрують церкву Спаса на Берестові |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/ |publisher=Укрінформ |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref> == ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣವಾದ '''Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra''' ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣದ ಭಾಗ ಆಂಡು. ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ 1990ಡ್ UNESCO ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಸೇರಿಸಲಾಯಿನೆ.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ಕೂಡಲೇ ನೋಡೆಲೆ == * [[:Category:Burials at the Church of the Saviour at Berestove|ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು]] == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಗ್ರಂಥಸೂಚಿ == * Rappoport, Pyotr. ''Zodchestavo Drevnei Rusi''. Leningrad: Nauka, 1986. * Malikenaite, Ruta (2003). ''Touring Kyiv''. Baltia Druk. ISBN 966-96041-3-3. * {{cite web |title=Transfiguration Church in Berestove |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/ |publisher=Encyclopedia of Ukraine |access-date=24 November 2006}} * Klymenko, Sergiy. ''Церква Спаса на Берестові''. Pictures of Kyiv. * ''Памятники градостроительства и архитектуры Украинской ССР'', 4 volumes. Kyiv: Будивэльнык, 1983–86. == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Kyiv World Heritage Site] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove Wikimedia Commons – Church of the Saviour at Berestove] {{Commons category|Church of the Saviour at Berestove}} [[Category:ಕೀವ್]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಲು]] [[Category:12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ]] gjh16rn67lwv6i1nb9yn38vf5dqak6m 366752 366751 2026-08-23T16:24:00Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2026}} {{coord|50|26|14|N|30|33|18|E|region:UA|display=title}} {{Infobox church | name = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | native_name = Церква Спаса на Берестові | native_name_lang = uk | image = Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg | image_caption = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನೋಟ | location = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ, ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, [[ಕೀವ್]] | country = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | denomination = ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ | style = ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್ | years_built = 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ }} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | WHS = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | part_of = Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra | criteria = i, ii, iii, iv | id = 527 | year = 1990 | danger = 2023 }} '''ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊಡ್, ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್.ಉಂದು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಕೋಟೆಗೋಡೆದ ಪಿದಾಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಇತ್ತುಂಡಲಾ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊದ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ನ ಹೊರವಲಯೊದ ನಿವಾಸ ಆದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಅವು 1015ಡ್ದ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಮರಣ ಹೊಂದುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ವೆಸೆವೊಲೊದ್ I ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ II ಸೇರುದು ಅಲ್ಪ ಕೆಲವು ವಂಶಜೆರ್ ವಾಸ ಮಂತ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಅಲ್ಪ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಠ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಸುರುತ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆ 1073ಡ್ ಸಿಕ್ಕುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಇತ್ತೆದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿಖರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದಾಖಲೆಲು ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಬಹುತೇಕ ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರೆರ್ ಉಂದು ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ (1113–1125) ಆಡಳಿತೊ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನಿ ಪಂಡುದು ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಮಂದೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪೆರೆಯಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಕೆಲವು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ಸಾಮ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಅರಮನೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್‌ಲೆಗಿಂತ ಮಲ್ಲ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಮೂಜಿ ''ನೇವ್'', ಮೂಜಿ ''ಅಪ್ಸೆ'' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಹುಶಃ ಮೂಜಿ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದುಂಡು. ಪಶ್ಚಿಮೊದ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೆಲವು ಭಾಗೊಲು ನನ ಉಳಿದುಂಡು; ಬೇತೆ ಗೋಡೆದ ರೂಪೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಉತ್ಖನದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗ ''ನರ್ತೆಕ್ಸ್'' ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನಾ ಜಾಗೊಡ್ದು ಬೇರ್ಪಟ್ಟುದುಂಡು. ಉತ್ತರೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ದೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಪಿದಯಿ ಚಾಚುದಿನ ಗೋಪುರ ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಗೋಪುರೊಡು ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆ, ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅತಿಥಿಲೆಗ್ ಮಿತ್ತುದ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಸುರುಳಿದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಉಂಡು. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|left|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹೊರಾಂಗಣೊದ ನೋಟ]] ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರರೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊಡ್ ಕೆಲವು ಪೊಸ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಾದೇರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರವೇಶದ್ವಾರೊಲೆಗ್ ಎತ್ತರೊದ ಇಳಿಜಾರು ಉಪ್ಪುನ trefoil ಆಕಾರೊದ ಮುಖಮಂಟಪೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಲಂಬಾಕಾರದ ಭಾವನೆನ್ ಒತ್ತುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಭಾಗೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆದ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಡಬಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಟ್ರಿಪಲ್ ಕುಳಿಲು, ''ಮೇಯಾಂಡರ್'' ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಉಂದೆತ ವಿಶೇಷತೆ ಆದುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಈ ಕಾಲೊದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಡ್ದು ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್, ಉಂದೆತ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಡು ಸುಣ್ಣಕಲ್ಲು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಂದುಜೆರ್ ಪಂಡುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮರಣೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಒರಿಪಾದೆರ್. ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನೊದ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿದ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ ವಂಶೊದ ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಮೂಜಿ ಸದಸ್ಯರೆನ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು ಉಂಡು ಪಂಡುದು ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ (ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕ ಪಂಡುದ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾದೆರ್), ಅರೆನ ಮಗೆ ಗ್ಲೆಬ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಗಳ್ ಯೂಫೆಮಿಯಾ ಸೇರುದು ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> 1240ಡ್ ಬಾತು ಖಾನ್ ಕೀವ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಳಿ ಮಂತುಪ್ಪುನಗ ಚರ್ಚ್ಗ್ ಹಾನಿಯಾಂಡ್. 1482ಡ್ ಮೆಙ್ಲಿ I ಗಿರಾಯ್‌ದ ದಾಳಿದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಕೂಡಾ ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಗು ಹಾನಿಯಾತುಂಡು. ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗೋಡೆಲು ಮಗುರ್ದು, 17ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಉಂದು ಅವಶೇಷೊದ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಡೇ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ್ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾನಗ ಕೆಲಸೊಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೋಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಾತ್ರ ವಹಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಅವು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಅತ್ತುಡ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಪೊಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಕೆಲಸ 1640–1642ರ ನಡುತ ಕಾಲೊಡು ನಡೆದುಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಪರತ್ತ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗೋಡೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು ಈ ಪೊಸ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ದುಂಬುದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಡ್ದು ಕಿನ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ನಾಲ್ ದಳೊದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಸುತ್ತ ಐನ್ ಗೋಪುರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ಪೇರಳೆ ಆಕಾರೊದ ಐನ್ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕಲಾವಿದರೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ತಂಡೊ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರ ''ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾನ ಕೊಡುಗೆ'' (''Petro Mohyla's Gift'') ಪಂಡುದ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಎದುರು ಮೊಣಕಾಲುನು ಊರುದು, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮಾದರಿ ಒಂಜೆನ್ ಅರ್ಪಣೆ ಮನ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಿದಾಯಿ ಭಾಗೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊ ನೋಟ]] 1751–1752 ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1813–1814ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅವ್ವೇ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ರಿ ಮೆಲೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಹಂತೊದ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಕಟ್ಟಾದೆರ್. ಈ ನವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಒಂತೆ ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು. 1909ಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊದ ತಜ್ಞೆ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಷಿಯನ್ ಪೊಕ್ರಿಶ್ಕಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನ್ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ರೂಪೊಗ್ ತಿರುಗಿಸುನ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸನ್ ಆರಂಭಿಸಾಯಿನಾರ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಐನ್ ವರ್ಷ ಮುಂದುವರಿಂಡ್. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮೂಲ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊಲು ಉತ್ಖನನೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾದುಂಡು, ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಒರಿದಿನ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ತೂವೊಲಿ. 1947 ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 7 ತಾನಿ ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆದ 800ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವದ ಸಂದರ್ಭ, ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ ಸಮಾಧಿಯಾದ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬರೆ ಆವಂದಿನ ಜಾಗೊಡು ಮಲ್ಲ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಸಾರ್ಕೊಫೇಗಸ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್ 1970ರ ದಶಕೊದ ಆರಂಭೊಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ''Miraculous Fishing'' ಪನಿಪುನ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ತುಂಡು ಪತ್ತೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಉಂದೆಡ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನು ನೀರುದ ಮಿತ್ತು ನಡತೊಂದು ದೋಣಿದ ಕಡೆಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಬಳಿಕ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ–ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಭಾಗೊ ಆಂಡ್. ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಉಂದು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯದ ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಯ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುಂಡು; ಭಾನುವಾರದ ದಿನೊಲು ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸೇವೆಲೂ ನಡೆಯುಂಡು. == ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ (2002–2004) == 2001ಡ್ Getty Institute for Architectural Conservation ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗ್ ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ ಮನ್ಪುಗನೇ ಅನುದಾನ ಕೊರ್ದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Церква Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.kplavra.kiev.ua/ |publisher=Національний Києво-Печерський історико-культурний заповідник |access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref> 2002–2003ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ Getty Foundation‌ದ ಅನುದಾನ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊದ ಅಂಗವಾದ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ನಡೆತುಂಡು. ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೀಕರಣದ ಯೋಜನೆ ತಯಾರು ಮಂತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊಲು ನಡಪಾಯೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Науково-реставраційні дослідження та виконання невідкладних консерваційних робіт на церкві Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.myslenedrevo.com.ua/ |publisher=Культурна спадщина Києва |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯೊನದ ಸಂದರ್ಭೊಡು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮುಂಭಾಗೊದ ಮೇಲ್ಛಾವಣಿ, ನೆಲದೊ ರಚನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಲಯಿ ಭಾಗೊದ ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ನಡೆಪಾಯೆರ್. ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಡ್ದ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 14–16ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಲೆನ ನಡುತ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ನಡೆತಿನ ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾದ್ ತೆರಿಯಂದಿನ ಪುನರ್‌ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ಸುಳಿವುಲು ಲಭಿಸಾದುಂಡು. 2003–2004ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿನ್ ತೆರಿಯರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದುಂಬುದ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಾರೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಅವೆತೋ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಗುಂಡಿಲು ದೆಯಿದೆರ್. == ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ (2017–2019) == 2017ಡ್ ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪೊಸ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆರಂಭ ಆಂಡ್. ಯೋಜನೆಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊ, ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲುದ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ವಿವಿಧ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು. ಈ ಕೆಲಸೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಪೂರಾ ಮೂಲ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಒರಿಪಾವರೆ ವಿಶೇಷ ಗಮನ ಕೊರಿಯೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲು ವಿಶೇಷ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೌಲ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ತೆರಿಪಾಯೆರ್. ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಗ್ ವಿಯಾಚೆಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಮೊಸ್ಕಲೆವ್ಸ್ಕಿ 50 ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಹ್ರಿವ್ನಿಯಾ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ನೆರವು ಕೊರ್ದು ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷೊ ನಡೆತುಂಡು, 2019ಡ್ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾದ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=В Киеве началась реставрация церкви 11 века |url=https://kyivnews.24tv.ua/ |publisher=24 Канал |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=У Києві відреставрують церкву Спаса на Берестові |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/ |publisher=Укрінформ |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref> == ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣವಾದ '''Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra''' ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣದ ಭಾಗ ಆಂಡು. ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ 1990ಡ್ UNESCO ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಸೇರಿಸಲಾಯಿನೆ.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ಕೂಡಲೇ ನೋಡೆಲೆ == * [[:Category:Burials at the Church of the Saviour at Berestove|ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು]] == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಗ್ರಂಥಸೂಚಿ == * Rappoport, Pyotr. ''Zodchestavo Drevnei Rusi''. Leningrad: Nauka, 1986. * Malikenaite, Ruta (2003). ''Touring Kyiv''. Baltia Druk. ISBN 966-96041-3-3. * {{cite web |title=Transfiguration Church in Berestove |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/ |publisher=Encyclopedia of Ukraine |access-date=24 November 2006}} * Klymenko, Sergiy. ''Церква Спаса на Берестові''. Pictures of Kyiv. * ''Памятники градостроительства и архитектуры Украинской ССР'', 4 volumes. Kyiv: Будивэльнык, 1983–86. == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Kyiv World Heritage Site] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove Wikimedia Commons – Church of the Saviour at Berestove] {{Commons category|Church of the Saviour at Berestove}} [[Category:ಕೀವ್]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಲು]] [[Category:12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ]] 3ovknpw09hkhgygz76xevb7jnzbqnpm 366753 366752 2026-08-23T16:24:38Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ */ 366753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2026}} {{coord|50|26|14|N|30|33|18|E|region:UA|display=title}} {{Infobox church | name = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | native_name = Церква Спаса на Берестові | native_name_lang = uk | image = Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg | image_caption = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನೋಟ | location = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ, ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, [[ಕೀವ್]] | country = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | denomination = ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ | style = ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್ | years_built = 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ }} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | WHS = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | part_of = Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra | criteria = i, ii, iii, iv | id = 527 | year = 1990 | danger = 2023 }} '''ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊಡ್, ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್.ಉಂದು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಕೋಟೆಗೋಡೆದ ಪಿದಾಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಇತ್ತುಂಡಲಾ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊದ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ನ ಹೊರವಲಯೊದ ನಿವಾಸ ಆದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಅವು 1015ಡ್ದ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಮರಣ ಹೊಂದುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ವೆಸೆವೊಲೊದ್ I ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ II ಸೇರುದು ಅಲ್ಪ ಕೆಲವು ವಂಶಜೆರ್ ವಾಸ ಮಂತ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಅಲ್ಪ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಠ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಸುರುತ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆ 1073ಡ್ ಸಿಕ್ಕುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಇತ್ತೆದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿಖರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದಾಖಲೆಲು ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಬಹುತೇಕ ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರೆರ್ ಉಂದು ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ (1113–1125) ಆಡಳಿತೊ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನಿ ಪಂಡುದು ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಮಂದೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪೆರೆಯಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಕೆಲವು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ಸಾಮ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಅರಮನೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್‌ಲೆಗಿಂತ ಮಲ್ಲ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಮೂಜಿ ''ನೇವ್'', ಮೂಜಿ ''ಅಪ್ಸೆ'' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಹುಶಃ ಮೂಜಿ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದುಂಡು. ಪಶ್ಚಿಮೊದ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೆಲವು ಭಾಗೊಲು ನನ ಉಳಿದುಂಡು; ಬೇತೆ ಗೋಡೆದ ರೂಪೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಉತ್ಖನದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗ ''ನರ್ತೆಕ್ಸ್'' ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನಾ ಜಾಗೊಡ್ದು ಬೇರ್ಪಟ್ಟುದುಂಡು. ಉತ್ತರೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ದೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಪಿದಯಿ ಚಾಚುದಿನ ಗೋಪುರ ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಗೋಪುರೊಡು ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆ, ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅತಿಥಿಲೆಗ್ ಮಿತ್ತುದ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಸುರುಳಿದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಉಂಡು. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|left|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹೊರಾಂಗಣೊದ ನೋಟ]] ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರರೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊಡ್ ಕೆಲವು ಪೊಸ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಾದೇರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರವೇಶದ್ವಾರೊಲೆಗ್ ಎತ್ತರೊದ ಇಳಿಜಾರು ಉಪ್ಪುನ trefoil ಆಕಾರೊದ ಮುಖಮಂಟಪೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಲಂಬಾಕಾರದ ಭಾವನೆನ್ ಒತ್ತುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಭಾಗೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆದ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಡಬಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಟ್ರಿಪಲ್ ಕುಳಿಲು, ''ಮೇಯಾಂಡರ್'' ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಉಂದೆತ ವಿಶೇಷತೆ ಆದುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಈ ಕಾಲೊದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಡ್ದು ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್, ಉಂದೆತ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಡು ಸುಣ್ಣಕಲ್ಲು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಂದುಜೆರ್ ಪಂಡುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮರಣೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಒರಿಪಾದೆರ್. ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನೊದ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿದ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ ವಂಶೊದ ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಮೂಜಿ ಸದಸ್ಯರೆನ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು ಉಂಡು ಪಂಡುದು ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ (ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕ ಪಂಡುದ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾದೆರ್), ಅರೆನ ಮಗೆ ಗ್ಲೆಬ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಗಳ್ ಯೂಫೆಮಿಯಾ ಸೇರುದು ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> 1240ಡ್ ಬಾತು ಖಾನ್ ಕೀವ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಳಿ ಮಂತುಪ್ಪುನಗ ಚರ್ಚ್ಗ್ ಹಾನಿಯಾಂಡ್. 1482ಡ್ ಮೆಙ್ಲಿ I ಗಿರಾಯ್‌ದ ದಾಳಿದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಕೂಡಾ ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಗು ಹಾನಿಯಾತುಂಡು. ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗೋಡೆಲು ಮಗುರ್ದು, 17ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಉಂದು ಅವಶೇಷೊದ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಡೇ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ್ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾನಗ ಕೆಲಸೊಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೋಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಾತ್ರ ವಹಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಅವು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಅತ್ತುಡ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಪೊಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಕೆಲಸ 1640–1642ರ ನಡುತ ಕಾಲೊಡು ನಡೆದುಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಪರತ್ತ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗೋಡೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು ಈ ಪೊಸ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ದುಂಬುದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಡ್ದು ಕಿನ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ನಾಲ್ ದಳೊದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಸುತ್ತ ಐನ್ ಗೋಪುರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ಪೇರಳೆ ಆಕಾರೊದ ಐನ್ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕಲಾವಿದರೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ತಂಡೊ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರ ''ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾನ ಕೊಡುಗೆ'' (''Petro Mohyla's Gift'') ಪಂಡುದ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಎದುರು ಮೊಣಕಾಲುನು ಊರುದು, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮಾದರಿ ಒಂಜೆನ್ ಅರ್ಪಣೆ ಮನ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಿದಾಯಿ ಭಾಗೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊ ನೋಟ]] 1751–1752 ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1813–1814ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅವ್ವೇ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ರಿ ಮೆಲೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಹಂತೊದ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಕಟ್ಟಾದೆರ್. ಈ ನವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಒಂತೆ ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು. 1909ಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊದ ತಜ್ಞೆ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಷಿಯನ್ ಪೊಕ್ರಿಶ್ಕಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನ್ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ರೂಪೊಗ್ ತಿರುಗಿಸುನ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸನ್ ಆರಂಭಿಸಾಯಿನಾರ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಐನ್ ವರ್ಷ ಮುಂದುವರಿಂಡ್. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮೂಲ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊಲು ಉತ್ಖನನೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾದುಂಡು, ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಒರಿದಿನ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ತೂವೊಲಿ. 1947 ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 7 ತಾನಿ ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆದ 800ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವದ ಸಂದರ್ಭ, ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ ಸಮಾಧಿಯಾದ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬರೆ ಆವಂದಿನ ಜಾಗೊಡು ಮಲ್ಲ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಸಾರ್ಕೊಫೇಗಸ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್ 1970ರ ದಶಕೊದ ಆರಂಭೊಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ''Miraculous Fishing'' ಪನಿಪುನ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ತುಂಡು ಪತ್ತೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಉಂದೆಡ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನು ನೀರುದ ಮಿತ್ತು ನಡತೊಂದು ದೋಣಿದ ಕಡೆಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಬಳಿಕ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ–ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಭಾಗೊ ಆಂಡ್. ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಉಂದು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯದ ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಯ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುಂಡು; ಭಾನುವಾರದ ದಿನೊಲು ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸೇವೆಲೂ ನಡೆಯುಂಡು. == ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ (2002–2004) == 2001ಡ್ Getty Institute for Architectural Conservation ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗ್ ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ ಮನ್ಪುಗನೇ ಅನುದಾನ ಕೊರ್ದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Церква Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.kplavra.kiev.ua/ |publisher=Національний Києво-Печерський історико-культурний заповідник |access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref> 2002–2003ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ Getty Foundation‌ದ ಅನುದಾನ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊದ ಅಂಗವಾದ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ನಡೆತುಂಡು. ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೀಕರಣದ ಯೋಜನೆ ತಯಾರು ಮಂತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊಲು ನಡಪಾಯೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Науково-реставраційні дослідження та виконання невідкладних консерваційних робіт на церкві Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.myslenedrevo.com.ua/ |publisher=Культурна спадщина Києва |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯೊನದ ಸಂದರ್ಭೊಡು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮುಂಭಾಗೊದ ಮೇಲ್ಛಾವಣಿ, ನೆಲದೊ ರಚನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಲಯಿ ಭಾಗೊದ ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ನಡೆಪಾಯೆರ್. ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಡ್ದ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 14–16ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಲೆನ ನಡುತ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ನಡೆತಿನ ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾದ್ ತೆರಿಯಂದಿನ ಪುನರ್‌ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ಸುಳಿವುಲು ಲಭಿಸಾದುಂಡು. 2003–2004ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿನ್ ತೆರಿಯರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದುಂಬುದ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಾರೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಅವೆತೋ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಗುಂಡಿಲು ದೆಯಿದೆರ್. == ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ (2017–2019) == 2017ಡ್ ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪೊಸ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆರಂಭ ಆಂಡ್. ಯೋಜನೆಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊ, ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲುದ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ವಿವಿಧ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು. ಈ ಕೆಲಸೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಪೂರಾ ಮೂಲ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಒರಿಪಾವರೆ ವಿಶೇಷ ಗಮನ ಕೊರಿಯೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲು ವಿಶೇಷ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೌಲ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ತೆರಿಪಾಯೆರ್. ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಗ್ ವಿಯಾಚೆಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಮೊಸ್ಕಲೆವ್ಸ್ಕಿ 50 ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಹ್ರಿವ್ನಿಯಾ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ನೆರವು ಕೊರ್ದು ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷೊ ನಡೆತುಂಡು, 2019ಡ್ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾದ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=В Киеве началась реставрация церкви 11 века |url=https://kyivnews.24tv.ua/ |publisher=24 Канал |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=У Києві відреставрують церкву Спаса на Берестові |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/ |publisher=Укрінформ |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref> == ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣವಾದ '''Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra''' ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣದ ಭಾಗೊ ಆಂಡ್. ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ 1990ಡ್ UNESCO ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಸೇರಿಸಲಾಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ಕೂಡಲೇ ನೋಡೆಲೆ == * [[:Category:Burials at the Church of the Saviour at Berestove|ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು]] == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಗ್ರಂಥಸೂಚಿ == * Rappoport, Pyotr. ''Zodchestavo Drevnei Rusi''. Leningrad: Nauka, 1986. * Malikenaite, Ruta (2003). ''Touring Kyiv''. Baltia Druk. ISBN 966-96041-3-3. * {{cite web |title=Transfiguration Church in Berestove |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/ |publisher=Encyclopedia of Ukraine |access-date=24 November 2006}} * Klymenko, Sergiy. ''Церква Спаса на Берестові''. Pictures of Kyiv. * ''Памятники градостроительства и архитектуры Украинской ССР'', 4 volumes. Kyiv: Будивэльнык, 1983–86. == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Kyiv World Heritage Site] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove Wikimedia Commons – Church of the Saviour at Berestove] {{Commons category|Church of the Saviour at Berestove}} [[Category:ಕೀವ್]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಲು]] [[Category:12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ]] qh4zcapenavdalbi6jdl3xzdmozt15q 366754 366753 2026-08-23T16:25:12Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* ಉಂದು ಲಾ ತೂಲೆ */ 366754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2026}} {{coord|50|26|14|N|30|33|18|E|region:UA|display=title}} {{Infobox church | name = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | native_name = Церква Спаса на Берестові | native_name_lang = uk | image = Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg | image_caption = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನೋಟ | location = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ, ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, [[ಕೀವ್]] | country = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | denomination = ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ | style = ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್ | years_built = 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ }} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | WHS = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | part_of = Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra | criteria = i, ii, iii, iv | id = 527 | year = 1990 | danger = 2023 }} '''ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊಡ್, ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್.ಉಂದು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಕೋಟೆಗೋಡೆದ ಪಿದಾಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಇತ್ತುಂಡಲಾ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊದ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ನ ಹೊರವಲಯೊದ ನಿವಾಸ ಆದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಅವು 1015ಡ್ದ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಮರಣ ಹೊಂದುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ವೆಸೆವೊಲೊದ್ I ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ II ಸೇರುದು ಅಲ್ಪ ಕೆಲವು ವಂಶಜೆರ್ ವಾಸ ಮಂತ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಅಲ್ಪ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಠ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಸುರುತ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆ 1073ಡ್ ಸಿಕ್ಕುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಇತ್ತೆದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿಖರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದಾಖಲೆಲು ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಬಹುತೇಕ ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರೆರ್ ಉಂದು ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ (1113–1125) ಆಡಳಿತೊ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನಿ ಪಂಡುದು ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಮಂದೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪೆರೆಯಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಕೆಲವು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ಸಾಮ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಅರಮನೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್‌ಲೆಗಿಂತ ಮಲ್ಲ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಮೂಜಿ ''ನೇವ್'', ಮೂಜಿ ''ಅಪ್ಸೆ'' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಹುಶಃ ಮೂಜಿ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದುಂಡು. ಪಶ್ಚಿಮೊದ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೆಲವು ಭಾಗೊಲು ನನ ಉಳಿದುಂಡು; ಬೇತೆ ಗೋಡೆದ ರೂಪೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಉತ್ಖನದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗ ''ನರ್ತೆಕ್ಸ್'' ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನಾ ಜಾಗೊಡ್ದು ಬೇರ್ಪಟ್ಟುದುಂಡು. ಉತ್ತರೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ದೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಪಿದಯಿ ಚಾಚುದಿನ ಗೋಪುರ ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಗೋಪುರೊಡು ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆ, ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅತಿಥಿಲೆಗ್ ಮಿತ್ತುದ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಸುರುಳಿದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಉಂಡು. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|left|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹೊರಾಂಗಣೊದ ನೋಟ]] ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರರೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊಡ್ ಕೆಲವು ಪೊಸ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಾದೇರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರವೇಶದ್ವಾರೊಲೆಗ್ ಎತ್ತರೊದ ಇಳಿಜಾರು ಉಪ್ಪುನ trefoil ಆಕಾರೊದ ಮುಖಮಂಟಪೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಲಂಬಾಕಾರದ ಭಾವನೆನ್ ಒತ್ತುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಭಾಗೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆದ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಡಬಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಟ್ರಿಪಲ್ ಕುಳಿಲು, ''ಮೇಯಾಂಡರ್'' ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಉಂದೆತ ವಿಶೇಷತೆ ಆದುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಈ ಕಾಲೊದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಡ್ದು ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್, ಉಂದೆತ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಡು ಸುಣ್ಣಕಲ್ಲು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಂದುಜೆರ್ ಪಂಡುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮರಣೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಒರಿಪಾದೆರ್. ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನೊದ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿದ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ ವಂಶೊದ ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಮೂಜಿ ಸದಸ್ಯರೆನ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು ಉಂಡು ಪಂಡುದು ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ (ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕ ಪಂಡುದ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾದೆರ್), ಅರೆನ ಮಗೆ ಗ್ಲೆಬ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಗಳ್ ಯೂಫೆಮಿಯಾ ಸೇರುದು ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> 1240ಡ್ ಬಾತು ಖಾನ್ ಕೀವ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಳಿ ಮಂತುಪ್ಪುನಗ ಚರ್ಚ್ಗ್ ಹಾನಿಯಾಂಡ್. 1482ಡ್ ಮೆಙ್ಲಿ I ಗಿರಾಯ್‌ದ ದಾಳಿದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಕೂಡಾ ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಗು ಹಾನಿಯಾತುಂಡು. ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗೋಡೆಲು ಮಗುರ್ದು, 17ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಉಂದು ಅವಶೇಷೊದ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಡೇ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ್ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾನಗ ಕೆಲಸೊಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೋಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಾತ್ರ ವಹಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಅವು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಅತ್ತುಡ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಪೊಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಕೆಲಸ 1640–1642ರ ನಡುತ ಕಾಲೊಡು ನಡೆದುಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಪರತ್ತ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗೋಡೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು ಈ ಪೊಸ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ದುಂಬುದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಡ್ದು ಕಿನ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ನಾಲ್ ದಳೊದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಸುತ್ತ ಐನ್ ಗೋಪುರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ಪೇರಳೆ ಆಕಾರೊದ ಐನ್ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕಲಾವಿದರೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ತಂಡೊ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರ ''ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾನ ಕೊಡುಗೆ'' (''Petro Mohyla's Gift'') ಪಂಡುದ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಎದುರು ಮೊಣಕಾಲುನು ಊರುದು, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮಾದರಿ ಒಂಜೆನ್ ಅರ್ಪಣೆ ಮನ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಿದಾಯಿ ಭಾಗೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊ ನೋಟ]] 1751–1752 ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1813–1814ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅವ್ವೇ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ರಿ ಮೆಲೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಹಂತೊದ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಕಟ್ಟಾದೆರ್. ಈ ನವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಒಂತೆ ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು. 1909ಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊದ ತಜ್ಞೆ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಷಿಯನ್ ಪೊಕ್ರಿಶ್ಕಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನ್ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ರೂಪೊಗ್ ತಿರುಗಿಸುನ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸನ್ ಆರಂಭಿಸಾಯಿನಾರ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಐನ್ ವರ್ಷ ಮುಂದುವರಿಂಡ್. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮೂಲ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊಲು ಉತ್ಖನನೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾದುಂಡು, ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಒರಿದಿನ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ತೂವೊಲಿ. 1947 ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 7 ತಾನಿ ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆದ 800ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವದ ಸಂದರ್ಭ, ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ ಸಮಾಧಿಯಾದ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬರೆ ಆವಂದಿನ ಜಾಗೊಡು ಮಲ್ಲ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಸಾರ್ಕೊಫೇಗಸ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್ 1970ರ ದಶಕೊದ ಆರಂಭೊಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ''Miraculous Fishing'' ಪನಿಪುನ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ತುಂಡು ಪತ್ತೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಉಂದೆಡ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನು ನೀರುದ ಮಿತ್ತು ನಡತೊಂದು ದೋಣಿದ ಕಡೆಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಬಳಿಕ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ–ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಭಾಗೊ ಆಂಡ್. ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಉಂದು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯದ ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಯ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುಂಡು; ಭಾನುವಾರದ ದಿನೊಲು ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸೇವೆಲೂ ನಡೆಯುಂಡು. == ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ (2002–2004) == 2001ಡ್ Getty Institute for Architectural Conservation ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗ್ ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ ಮನ್ಪುಗನೇ ಅನುದಾನ ಕೊರ್ದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Церква Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.kplavra.kiev.ua/ |publisher=Національний Києво-Печерський історико-культурний заповідник |access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref> 2002–2003ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ Getty Foundation‌ದ ಅನುದಾನ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊದ ಅಂಗವಾದ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ನಡೆತುಂಡು. ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೀಕರಣದ ಯೋಜನೆ ತಯಾರು ಮಂತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊಲು ನಡಪಾಯೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Науково-реставраційні дослідження та виконання невідкладних консерваційних робіт на церкві Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.myslenedrevo.com.ua/ |publisher=Культурна спадщина Києва |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯೊನದ ಸಂದರ್ಭೊಡು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮುಂಭಾಗೊದ ಮೇಲ್ಛಾವಣಿ, ನೆಲದೊ ರಚನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಲಯಿ ಭಾಗೊದ ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ನಡೆಪಾಯೆರ್. ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಡ್ದ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 14–16ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಲೆನ ನಡುತ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ನಡೆತಿನ ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾದ್ ತೆರಿಯಂದಿನ ಪುನರ್‌ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ಸುಳಿವುಲು ಲಭಿಸಾದುಂಡು. 2003–2004ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿನ್ ತೆರಿಯರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದುಂಬುದ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಾರೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಅವೆತೋ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಗುಂಡಿಲು ದೆಯಿದೆರ್. == ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ (2017–2019) == 2017ಡ್ ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪೊಸ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆರಂಭ ಆಂಡ್. ಯೋಜನೆಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊ, ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲುದ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ವಿವಿಧ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು. ಈ ಕೆಲಸೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಪೂರಾ ಮೂಲ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಒರಿಪಾವರೆ ವಿಶೇಷ ಗಮನ ಕೊರಿಯೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲು ವಿಶೇಷ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೌಲ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ತೆರಿಪಾಯೆರ್. ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಗ್ ವಿಯಾಚೆಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಮೊಸ್ಕಲೆವ್ಸ್ಕಿ 50 ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಹ್ರಿವ್ನಿಯಾ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ನೆರವು ಕೊರ್ದು ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷೊ ನಡೆತುಂಡು, 2019ಡ್ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾದ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=В Киеве началась реставрация церкви 11 века |url=https://kyivnews.24tv.ua/ |publisher=24 Канал |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=У Києві відреставрують церкву Спаса на Берестові |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/ |publisher=Укрінформ |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref> == ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣವಾದ '''Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra''' ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣದ ಭಾಗೊ ಆಂಡ್. ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ 1990ಡ್ UNESCO ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಸೇರಿಸಲಾಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ಉಂದು ಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಗ್ರಂಥಸೂಚಿ == * Rappoport, Pyotr. ''Zodchestavo Drevnei Rusi''. Leningrad: Nauka, 1986. * Malikenaite, Ruta (2003). ''Touring Kyiv''. Baltia Druk. ISBN 966-96041-3-3. * {{cite web |title=Transfiguration Church in Berestove |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/ |publisher=Encyclopedia of Ukraine |access-date=24 November 2006}} * Klymenko, Sergiy. ''Церква Спаса на Берестові''. Pictures of Kyiv. * ''Памятники градостроительства и архитектуры Украинской ССР'', 4 volumes. Kyiv: Будивэльнык, 1983–86. == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Kyiv World Heritage Site] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove Wikimedia Commons – Church of the Saviour at Berestove] {{Commons category|Church of the Saviour at Berestove}} [[Category:ಕೀವ್]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಲು]] [[Category:12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ]] p8c2grozsx9pn4je43g1915rhn9od8g 366755 366754 2026-08-23T16:25:29Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು */ 366755 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2026}} {{coord|50|26|14|N|30|33|18|E|region:UA|display=title}} {{Infobox church | name = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | native_name = Церква Спаса на Берестові | native_name_lang = uk | image = Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg | image_caption = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನೋಟ | location = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ, ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, [[ಕೀವ್]] | country = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | denomination = ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ | style = ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್ | years_built = 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ }} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | WHS = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | part_of = Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra | criteria = i, ii, iii, iv | id = 527 | year = 1990 | danger = 2023 }} '''ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊಡ್, ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್.ಉಂದು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಕೋಟೆಗೋಡೆದ ಪಿದಾಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಇತ್ತುಂಡಲಾ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊದ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ನ ಹೊರವಲಯೊದ ನಿವಾಸ ಆದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಅವು 1015ಡ್ದ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಮರಣ ಹೊಂದುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ವೆಸೆವೊಲೊದ್ I ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ II ಸೇರುದು ಅಲ್ಪ ಕೆಲವು ವಂಶಜೆರ್ ವಾಸ ಮಂತ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಅಲ್ಪ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಠ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಸುರುತ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆ 1073ಡ್ ಸಿಕ್ಕುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಇತ್ತೆದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿಖರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದಾಖಲೆಲು ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಬಹುತೇಕ ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರೆರ್ ಉಂದು ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ (1113–1125) ಆಡಳಿತೊ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನಿ ಪಂಡುದು ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಮಂದೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪೆರೆಯಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಕೆಲವು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ಸಾಮ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಅರಮನೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್‌ಲೆಗಿಂತ ಮಲ್ಲ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಮೂಜಿ ''ನೇವ್'', ಮೂಜಿ ''ಅಪ್ಸೆ'' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಹುಶಃ ಮೂಜಿ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದುಂಡು. ಪಶ್ಚಿಮೊದ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೆಲವು ಭಾಗೊಲು ನನ ಉಳಿದುಂಡು; ಬೇತೆ ಗೋಡೆದ ರೂಪೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಉತ್ಖನದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗ ''ನರ್ತೆಕ್ಸ್'' ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನಾ ಜಾಗೊಡ್ದು ಬೇರ್ಪಟ್ಟುದುಂಡು. ಉತ್ತರೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ದೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಪಿದಯಿ ಚಾಚುದಿನ ಗೋಪುರ ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಗೋಪುರೊಡು ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆ, ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅತಿಥಿಲೆಗ್ ಮಿತ್ತುದ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಸುರುಳಿದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಉಂಡು. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|left|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹೊರಾಂಗಣೊದ ನೋಟ]] ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರರೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊಡ್ ಕೆಲವು ಪೊಸ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಾದೇರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರವೇಶದ್ವಾರೊಲೆಗ್ ಎತ್ತರೊದ ಇಳಿಜಾರು ಉಪ್ಪುನ trefoil ಆಕಾರೊದ ಮುಖಮಂಟಪೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಲಂಬಾಕಾರದ ಭಾವನೆನ್ ಒತ್ತುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಭಾಗೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆದ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಡಬಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಟ್ರಿಪಲ್ ಕುಳಿಲು, ''ಮೇಯಾಂಡರ್'' ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಉಂದೆತ ವಿಶೇಷತೆ ಆದುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಈ ಕಾಲೊದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಡ್ದು ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್, ಉಂದೆತ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಡು ಸುಣ್ಣಕಲ್ಲು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಂದುಜೆರ್ ಪಂಡುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮರಣೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಒರಿಪಾದೆರ್. ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನೊದ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿದ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ ವಂಶೊದ ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಮೂಜಿ ಸದಸ್ಯರೆನ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು ಉಂಡು ಪಂಡುದು ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ (ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕ ಪಂಡುದ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾದೆರ್), ಅರೆನ ಮಗೆ ಗ್ಲೆಬ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಗಳ್ ಯೂಫೆಮಿಯಾ ಸೇರುದು ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> 1240ಡ್ ಬಾತು ಖಾನ್ ಕೀವ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಳಿ ಮಂತುಪ್ಪುನಗ ಚರ್ಚ್ಗ್ ಹಾನಿಯಾಂಡ್. 1482ಡ್ ಮೆಙ್ಲಿ I ಗಿರಾಯ್‌ದ ದಾಳಿದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಕೂಡಾ ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಗು ಹಾನಿಯಾತುಂಡು. ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗೋಡೆಲು ಮಗುರ್ದು, 17ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಉಂದು ಅವಶೇಷೊದ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಡೇ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ್ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾನಗ ಕೆಲಸೊಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೋಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಾತ್ರ ವಹಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಅವು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಅತ್ತುಡ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಪೊಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಕೆಲಸ 1640–1642ರ ನಡುತ ಕಾಲೊಡು ನಡೆದುಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಪರತ್ತ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗೋಡೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು ಈ ಪೊಸ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ದುಂಬುದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಡ್ದು ಕಿನ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ನಾಲ್ ದಳೊದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಸುತ್ತ ಐನ್ ಗೋಪುರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ಪೇರಳೆ ಆಕಾರೊದ ಐನ್ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕಲಾವಿದರೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ತಂಡೊ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರ ''ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾನ ಕೊಡುಗೆ'' (''Petro Mohyla's Gift'') ಪಂಡುದ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಎದುರು ಮೊಣಕಾಲುನು ಊರುದು, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮಾದರಿ ಒಂಜೆನ್ ಅರ್ಪಣೆ ಮನ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಿದಾಯಿ ಭಾಗೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊ ನೋಟ]] 1751–1752 ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1813–1814ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅವ್ವೇ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ರಿ ಮೆಲೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಹಂತೊದ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಕಟ್ಟಾದೆರ್. ಈ ನವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಒಂತೆ ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು. 1909ಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊದ ತಜ್ಞೆ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಷಿಯನ್ ಪೊಕ್ರಿಶ್ಕಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನ್ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ರೂಪೊಗ್ ತಿರುಗಿಸುನ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸನ್ ಆರಂಭಿಸಾಯಿನಾರ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಐನ್ ವರ್ಷ ಮುಂದುವರಿಂಡ್. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮೂಲ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊಲು ಉತ್ಖನನೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾದುಂಡು, ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಒರಿದಿನ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ತೂವೊಲಿ. 1947 ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 7 ತಾನಿ ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆದ 800ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವದ ಸಂದರ್ಭ, ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ ಸಮಾಧಿಯಾದ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬರೆ ಆವಂದಿನ ಜಾಗೊಡು ಮಲ್ಲ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಸಾರ್ಕೊಫೇಗಸ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್ 1970ರ ದಶಕೊದ ಆರಂಭೊಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ''Miraculous Fishing'' ಪನಿಪುನ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ತುಂಡು ಪತ್ತೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಉಂದೆಡ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನು ನೀರುದ ಮಿತ್ತು ನಡತೊಂದು ದೋಣಿದ ಕಡೆಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಬಳಿಕ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ–ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಭಾಗೊ ಆಂಡ್. ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಉಂದು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯದ ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಯ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುಂಡು; ಭಾನುವಾರದ ದಿನೊಲು ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸೇವೆಲೂ ನಡೆಯುಂಡು. == ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ (2002–2004) == 2001ಡ್ Getty Institute for Architectural Conservation ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗ್ ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ ಮನ್ಪುಗನೇ ಅನುದಾನ ಕೊರ್ದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Церква Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.kplavra.kiev.ua/ |publisher=Національний Києво-Печерський історико-культурний заповідник |access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref> 2002–2003ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ Getty Foundation‌ದ ಅನುದಾನ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊದ ಅಂಗವಾದ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ನಡೆತುಂಡು. ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೀಕರಣದ ಯೋಜನೆ ತಯಾರು ಮಂತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊಲು ನಡಪಾಯೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Науково-реставраційні дослідження та виконання невідкладних консерваційних робіт на церкві Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.myslenedrevo.com.ua/ |publisher=Культурна спадщина Києва |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯೊನದ ಸಂದರ್ಭೊಡು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮುಂಭಾಗೊದ ಮೇಲ್ಛಾವಣಿ, ನೆಲದೊ ರಚನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಲಯಿ ಭಾಗೊದ ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ನಡೆಪಾಯೆರ್. ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಡ್ದ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 14–16ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಲೆನ ನಡುತ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ನಡೆತಿನ ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾದ್ ತೆರಿಯಂದಿನ ಪುನರ್‌ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ಸುಳಿವುಲು ಲಭಿಸಾದುಂಡು. 2003–2004ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿನ್ ತೆರಿಯರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದುಂಬುದ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಾರೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಅವೆತೋ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಗುಂಡಿಲು ದೆಯಿದೆರ್. == ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ (2017–2019) == 2017ಡ್ ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪೊಸ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆರಂಭ ಆಂಡ್. ಯೋಜನೆಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊ, ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲುದ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ವಿವಿಧ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು. ಈ ಕೆಲಸೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಪೂರಾ ಮೂಲ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಒರಿಪಾವರೆ ವಿಶೇಷ ಗಮನ ಕೊರಿಯೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲು ವಿಶೇಷ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೌಲ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ತೆರಿಪಾಯೆರ್. ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಗ್ ವಿಯಾಚೆಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಮೊಸ್ಕಲೆವ್ಸ್ಕಿ 50 ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಹ್ರಿವ್ನಿಯಾ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ನೆರವು ಕೊರ್ದು ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷೊ ನಡೆತುಂಡು, 2019ಡ್ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾದ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=В Киеве началась реставрация церкви 11 века |url=https://kyivnews.24tv.ua/ |publisher=24 Канал |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=У Києві відреставрують церкву Спаса на Берестові |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/ |publisher=Укрінформ |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref> == ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣವಾದ '''Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra''' ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣದ ಭಾಗೊ ಆಂಡ್. ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ 1990ಡ್ UNESCO ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಸೇರಿಸಲಾಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ಉಂದು ಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಗ್ರಂಥಸೂಚಿ == * Rappoport, Pyotr. ''Zodchestavo Drevnei Rusi''. Leningrad: Nauka, 1986. * Malikenaite, Ruta (2003). ''Touring Kyiv''. Baltia Druk. ISBN 966-96041-3-3. * {{cite web |title=Transfiguration Church in Berestove |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/ |publisher=Encyclopedia of Ukraine |access-date=24 November 2006}} * Klymenko, Sergiy. ''Церква Спаса на Берестові''. Pictures of Kyiv. * ''Памятники градостроительства и архитектуры Украинской ССР'', 4 volumes. Kyiv: Будивэльнык, 1983–86. == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Kyiv World Heritage Site] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove Wikimedia Commons – Church of the Saviour at Berestove] {{Commons category|Church of the Saviour at Berestove}} [[Category:ಕೀವ್]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಲು]] [[Category:12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ]] celhvrddoetnc4fkawxsfsjikoaan3e 366756 366755 2026-08-23T16:25:45Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2026}} {{coord|50|26|14|N|30|33|18|E|region:UA|display=title}} {{Infobox church | name = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | native_name = Церква Спаса на Берестові | native_name_lang = uk | image = Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg | image_caption = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನೋಟ | location = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ, ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, [[ಕೀವ್]] | country = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | denomination = ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ | style = ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್ | years_built = 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ }} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | WHS = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | part_of = Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra | criteria = i, ii, iii, iv | id = 527 | year = 1990 | danger = 2023 }} '''ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊಡ್, ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್.ಉಂದು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಕೋಟೆಗೋಡೆದ ಪಿದಾಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಇತ್ತುಂಡಲಾ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊದ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ನ ಹೊರವಲಯೊದ ನಿವಾಸ ಆದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಅವು 1015ಡ್ದ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಮರಣ ಹೊಂದುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ವೆಸೆವೊಲೊದ್ I ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ II ಸೇರುದು ಅಲ್ಪ ಕೆಲವು ವಂಶಜೆರ್ ವಾಸ ಮಂತ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಅಲ್ಪ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಠ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಸುರುತ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆ 1073ಡ್ ಸಿಕ್ಕುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಇತ್ತೆದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿಖರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದಾಖಲೆಲು ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಬಹುತೇಕ ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರೆರ್ ಉಂದು ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ (1113–1125) ಆಡಳಿತೊ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನಿ ಪಂಡುದು ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಮಂದೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪೆರೆಯಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಕೆಲವು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ಸಾಮ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಅರಮನೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್‌ಲೆಗಿಂತ ಮಲ್ಲ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಮೂಜಿ ''ನೇವ್'', ಮೂಜಿ ''ಅಪ್ಸೆ'' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಹುಶಃ ಮೂಜಿ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದುಂಡು. ಪಶ್ಚಿಮೊದ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೆಲವು ಭಾಗೊಲು ನನ ಉಳಿದುಂಡು; ಬೇತೆ ಗೋಡೆದ ರೂಪೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಉತ್ಖನದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗ ''ನರ್ತೆಕ್ಸ್'' ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನಾ ಜಾಗೊಡ್ದು ಬೇರ್ಪಟ್ಟುದುಂಡು. ಉತ್ತರೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ದೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಪಿದಯಿ ಚಾಚುದಿನ ಗೋಪುರ ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಗೋಪುರೊಡು ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆ, ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅತಿಥಿಲೆಗ್ ಮಿತ್ತುದ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಸುರುಳಿದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಉಂಡು. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|left|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹೊರಾಂಗಣೊದ ನೋಟ]] ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರರೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊಡ್ ಕೆಲವು ಪೊಸ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಾದೇರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರವೇಶದ್ವಾರೊಲೆಗ್ ಎತ್ತರೊದ ಇಳಿಜಾರು ಉಪ್ಪುನ trefoil ಆಕಾರೊದ ಮುಖಮಂಟಪೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಲಂಬಾಕಾರದ ಭಾವನೆನ್ ಒತ್ತುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಭಾಗೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆದ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಡಬಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಟ್ರಿಪಲ್ ಕುಳಿಲು, ''ಮೇಯಾಂಡರ್'' ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಉಂದೆತ ವಿಶೇಷತೆ ಆದುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಈ ಕಾಲೊದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಡ್ದು ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್, ಉಂದೆತ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಡು ಸುಣ್ಣಕಲ್ಲು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಂದುಜೆರ್ ಪಂಡುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮರಣೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಒರಿಪಾದೆರ್. ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನೊದ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿದ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ ವಂಶೊದ ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಮೂಜಿ ಸದಸ್ಯರೆನ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು ಉಂಡು ಪಂಡುದು ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ (ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕ ಪಂಡುದ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾದೆರ್), ಅರೆನ ಮಗೆ ಗ್ಲೆಬ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಗಳ್ ಯೂಫೆಮಿಯಾ ಸೇರುದು ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> 1240ಡ್ ಬಾತು ಖಾನ್ ಕೀವ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಳಿ ಮಂತುಪ್ಪುನಗ ಚರ್ಚ್ಗ್ ಹಾನಿಯಾಂಡ್. 1482ಡ್ ಮೆಙ್ಲಿ I ಗಿರಾಯ್‌ದ ದಾಳಿದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಕೂಡಾ ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಗು ಹಾನಿಯಾತುಂಡು. ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗೋಡೆಲು ಮಗುರ್ದು, 17ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಉಂದು ಅವಶೇಷೊದ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಡೇ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ್ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾನಗ ಕೆಲಸೊಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೋಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಾತ್ರ ವಹಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಅವು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಅತ್ತುಡ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಪೊಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಕೆಲಸ 1640–1642ರ ನಡುತ ಕಾಲೊಡು ನಡೆದುಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಪರತ್ತ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗೋಡೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು ಈ ಪೊಸ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ದುಂಬುದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಡ್ದು ಕಿನ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ನಾಲ್ ದಳೊದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಸುತ್ತ ಐನ್ ಗೋಪುರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ಪೇರಳೆ ಆಕಾರೊದ ಐನ್ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕಲಾವಿದರೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ತಂಡೊ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರ ''ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾನ ಕೊಡುಗೆ'' (''Petro Mohyla's Gift'') ಪಂಡುದ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಎದುರು ಮೊಣಕಾಲುನು ಊರುದು, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮಾದರಿ ಒಂಜೆನ್ ಅರ್ಪಣೆ ಮನ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಿದಾಯಿ ಭಾಗೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊ ನೋಟ]] 1751–1752 ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1813–1814ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅವ್ವೇ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ರಿ ಮೆಲೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಹಂತೊದ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಕಟ್ಟಾದೆರ್. ಈ ನವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಒಂತೆ ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು. 1909ಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊದ ತಜ್ಞೆ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಷಿಯನ್ ಪೊಕ್ರಿಶ್ಕಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನ್ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ರೂಪೊಗ್ ತಿರುಗಿಸುನ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸನ್ ಆರಂಭಿಸಾಯಿನಾರ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಐನ್ ವರ್ಷ ಮುಂದುವರಿಂಡ್. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮೂಲ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊಲು ಉತ್ಖನನೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾದುಂಡು, ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಒರಿದಿನ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ತೂವೊಲಿ. 1947 ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 7 ತಾನಿ ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆದ 800ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವದ ಸಂದರ್ಭ, ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ ಸಮಾಧಿಯಾದ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬರೆ ಆವಂದಿನ ಜಾಗೊಡು ಮಲ್ಲ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಸಾರ್ಕೊಫೇಗಸ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್ 1970ರ ದಶಕೊದ ಆರಂಭೊಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ''Miraculous Fishing'' ಪನಿಪುನ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ತುಂಡು ಪತ್ತೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಉಂದೆಡ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನು ನೀರುದ ಮಿತ್ತು ನಡತೊಂದು ದೋಣಿದ ಕಡೆಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಬಳಿಕ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ–ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಭಾಗೊ ಆಂಡ್. ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಉಂದು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯದ ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಯ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುಂಡು; ಭಾನುವಾರದ ದಿನೊಲು ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸೇವೆಲೂ ನಡೆಯುಂಡು. == ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ (2002–2004) == 2001ಡ್ Getty Institute for Architectural Conservation ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗ್ ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ ಮನ್ಪುಗನೇ ಅನುದಾನ ಕೊರ್ದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Церква Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.kplavra.kiev.ua/ |publisher=Національний Києво-Печерський історико-культурний заповідник |access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref> 2002–2003ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ Getty Foundation‌ದ ಅನುದಾನ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊದ ಅಂಗವಾದ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ನಡೆತುಂಡು. ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೀಕರಣದ ಯೋಜನೆ ತಯಾರು ಮಂತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊಲು ನಡಪಾಯೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Науково-реставраційні дослідження та виконання невідкладних консерваційних робіт на церкві Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.myslenedrevo.com.ua/ |publisher=Культурна спадщина Києва |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯೊನದ ಸಂದರ್ಭೊಡು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮುಂಭಾಗೊದ ಮೇಲ್ಛಾವಣಿ, ನೆಲದೊ ರಚನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಲಯಿ ಭಾಗೊದ ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ನಡೆಪಾಯೆರ್. ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಡ್ದ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 14–16ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಲೆನ ನಡುತ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ನಡೆತಿನ ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾದ್ ತೆರಿಯಂದಿನ ಪುನರ್‌ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ಸುಳಿವುಲು ಲಭಿಸಾದುಂಡು. 2003–2004ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿನ್ ತೆರಿಯರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದುಂಬುದ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಾರೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಅವೆತೋ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಗುಂಡಿಲು ದೆಯಿದೆರ್. == ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ (2017–2019) == 2017ಡ್ ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪೊಸ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆರಂಭ ಆಂಡ್. ಯೋಜನೆಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊ, ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲುದ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ವಿವಿಧ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು. ಈ ಕೆಲಸೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಪೂರಾ ಮೂಲ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಒರಿಪಾವರೆ ವಿಶೇಷ ಗಮನ ಕೊರಿಯೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲು ವಿಶೇಷ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೌಲ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ತೆರಿಪಾಯೆರ್. ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಗ್ ವಿಯಾಚೆಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಮೊಸ್ಕಲೆವ್ಸ್ಕಿ 50 ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಹ್ರಿವ್ನಿಯಾ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ನೆರವು ಕೊರ್ದು ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷೊ ನಡೆತುಂಡು, 2019ಡ್ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾದ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=В Киеве началась реставрация церкви 11 века |url=https://kyivnews.24tv.ua/ |publisher=24 Канал |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=У Києві відреставрують церкву Спаса на Берестові |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/ |publisher=Укрінформ |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref> == ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣವಾದ '''Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra''' ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣದ ಭಾಗೊ ಆಂಡ್. ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ 1990ಡ್ UNESCO ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಸೇರಿಸಲಾಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ಉಂದು ಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಗ್ರಂಥಸೂಚಿಲು == * Rappoport, Pyotr. ''Zodchestavo Drevnei Rusi''. Leningrad: Nauka, 1986. * Malikenaite, Ruta (2003). ''Touring Kyiv''. Baltia Druk. ISBN 966-96041-3-3. * {{cite web |title=Transfiguration Church in Berestove |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/ |publisher=Encyclopedia of Ukraine |access-date=24 November 2006}} * Klymenko, Sergiy. ''Церква Спаса на Берестові''. Pictures of Kyiv. * ''Памятники градостроительства и архитектуры Украинской ССР'', 4 volumes. Kyiv: Будивэльнык, 1983–86. == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Kyiv World Heritage Site] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove Wikimedia Commons – Church of the Saviour at Berestove] {{Commons category|Church of the Saviour at Berestove}} [[Category:ಕೀವ್]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಲು]] [[Category:12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ]] qef54v5cfou8enfmkf8xkwtfxugd5iw 366808 366756 2026-08-24T03:09:24Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 ಪುಟದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಮಾಹಿತಿಯನ್ನೂ ತಗೆಯುತ್ತಿರುವೆ 366808 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 366816 366808 2026-08-24T04:11:30Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ್ ಲಿವಿವ್‌ಡ್ ಉಳ್ಳ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ದೇವಾಲಯ}} {{Infobox church | name = ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್‌ದ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ | infobox_width = | image = Sobor Sv Yura Lviv.JPG | image_size = 280 | caption = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ್ ಲಿವಿವ್ಡ್ ಉಳ್ಳ ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್‌ದ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್. | map_type = | map_size = | pushpin_caption = | location = | geo = | latitude = | longitude = | denomination = ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ | sui_iuris_church = ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ | churchmanship = | province = ಲಿವಿವ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಚೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ | district = | consecrated = | status = ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ | functional_status = | heritage_designation = | leadership = | website = | architect = ಬೆರ್ನಾರ್ಡ್ ಮೆರೆಟಿನ್ | architectural_type = | style = ಬರೋಕ್-ರೊಕೊಕೊ | facade_direction = | groundbreaking = 1744 | completed = 1760 | construction_cost = | specifications = | capacity = | length = | width = | width_nave = | height_max = | dome_quantity = | dome_height_outer = | dome_height_inner = | dome_dia_outer = | dome_dia_inner = | minaret_quantity = | minaret_height = | spire_quantity = | spire_height = | materials = | nrhp = | added = | designated = | archbishop = ಇಹೋರ್ ವೊಜ್ನ್ಯಾಕ್ }} '''ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್''' ''ಸೊಬೊರ್ ಸ್ವಿಯಾಟೊಹೊ ಯುರಾ'' ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನಗರೊಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಬರೊಕ್-ರೊಕೊಕೊ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್. ನಗರೊನು ತೂಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡ್ ಉಂದು ೧೭೪೪-೧೭೬೦ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆತುಂಡು. <ref name=lvivbest>St. George Cathedral. [http://www.lvivbest.com/en/churches/george-cathedral Lviv Best Portal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412173630/http://www.lvivbest.com/en/churches/george-cathedral |date=2009-04-12 }} 29 January 2006.</ref> ಉಂದು 13ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಚರ್ಚ್ದ ಮೂಜಿನೆ ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ ಪ್ರಾಮುಖ್ಯತೆ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿತವಾದ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣಕಾರೆರೆಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಂಡಲ್ ಲೆಗ್ ಗುರಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಧರ್ಮದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ‍್ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪದೊಕುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಧಾನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಪಡೆಯೊಂದುಂಡು. ೧೯ನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆದ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ದುಂಡು.<ref name=nykolyshyn>Nykolyshyn, Yuriy. (2006) ''Lviv''. Apriori Press. Lviv, Ukraine. pg. 63, 67. {{ISBN|966-8256-09-3}}</ref> ==ಇತಿಹಾಸ== ಸುಮಾರ್ ೧೨೮೦ಡ್ದ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಹಾಲಿಚ್-ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯಾ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸಿಪಾಲಿಟಿದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಗು ಪಿರ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮೂಲ ಮರತ್ತ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿಟ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕೋಟೆನ್ 1340ಡ್ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ದ ರಾಜೆ ಕ್ಯಾಸಿಮಿರ್ III ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ, ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಗ್ ನಾಲ್ ಸ್ತಂಭೊಲೆನ ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ಬೆಸಿಲಿಕಾನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೬೪೨ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆರ್ಸೆನಿ ಝೆಲಿಬೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುದ್ರಣ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಗಾರೊನು ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Боротьба за книговидання в ранньомодерній Україні: конкуренція, прибутки, читачі, заборони|date=2026-01-26|url=https://tyzhden.ua/borotba-za-knyhovydannia-v-rannomodernij-ukraini-konkurentsiia-prybutky-chytachi-zaborony/|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೭೦೦ಡ್, ಪವಿತ್ರ ಸೀ (ರೋಮ್ ದ ಬಿಷಪ್ – ಪೋಪ್ ನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಎಪಾರ್ಚಿ ದ ಏಕೀಕರಣದ ಕಾಯ್ದೆನ್ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಸೀ (ರೋಮ್ ದ ಬಿಷಪ್ – ಪೋಪ್) ಸೇಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ನ ಈ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಆವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಪೋಪ್ ಜೋಸ್ಕಿ/ ಶುಮ್ಲಾನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಕ್ತವಾದ್ ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ (೧೫೯೬) ನ್ ಸೇರಾವೋಂಡೆರ್.<ref>Catholic Encyclopedia. [https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09144a.htm Lemberg: Uniat Ruthenian Archbishopric]. 29 January 2007</ref> [[File:Sobor-sviatoho-yura-03.JPG|right|200px]] ಇತ್ತೆದ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು 1746ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಅಥಾನಾಸಿಯಸ್ ಸ್ಜೆಪ್ಟಿಕ್ಕಿ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1762ಡ್ ಲಿಯೋ ಸ್ಜೆಪ್ಟಿಕ್ಕಿ ಮುಗಿತೆರ್. ೧೮೦೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ದ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಗ್ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಅಗತ್ಯೊದ ನಡುಟು, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ (ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ) ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಂಡ್.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿನ್ ಕಿರುಕುಳ ಕೊರರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, 1945ಡ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ ಪೊಸ [[ಆರ್ಡಿನೇಷನ್|ಆರ್ಡಿನೇಷನ್]] ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್, [[ಜೋಸಿಫ್ ಸ್ಲಿಪಿಜ್]] ನ್ ಜೈಲುಗು ಪಾಡ್ದೆರ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಉಳಿಕೆನ್ ಜೈಲ್ ಗ್ ಪಾಡ್ದೆರ್. ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೧೯೪೬ಡ್, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ [[ಸಿನೊಡ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ (೧೯೪೬)|ಸಿನೊಡ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್]]<!---ಸಾಮಗ್ರಿಲೆಗ್ [[:uk:Львівський собор ೧೯೪೬]] ನ್ ukwiki ಡ್ ತೂಲೆ--->, ಉಂದು ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟೊನು ರದ್ದು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name=RFEAug72009>[https://www.rferl.org/a/SovietEra_Documents_Shed_Light_On_Suppression_Of_Ukrainian_Catholic_Church/1795023.html Soviet-Era Documents Shed Light On Suppression Of Ukrainian Catholic Church Soviet-Era Documents Shed Light On Suppression Of Ukrainian Catholic Church], ''[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]'', August 7, 2009</ref> ಒರಿ ಜವನೆರ್ [[ವೊಲೊಡಿಮೈರ್ ಸ್ಟೆರ್ನಿಯಕ್]] (ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿದ ನಾಯಕೆರ್), ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಲೋಫ್ಟ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಕುಲು, ಸಾಕ್ಷಿಯಾಯೆರ್. <ref>[http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/major.religions/greek.catholic/sterniuk/ Archbishop Volodymyr Sterniuk] {{webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050420013332/http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/major.religions/greek.catholic/sterniuk/ |date=2005-04-20 }} at the [http://www.risu.org.ua Religious Information Service of Ukraine]</ref> [[ಗಲಿಸಿಯಾ (ಮಧ್ಯ ಯುರೋಪ್)|ಹ್ಯಾಲಿಚೈನಾ]] ದ [[ಎಕ್ಲೆಸಿಯಾಸ್ಟಿಕಲ್ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯ|ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿನೇಟ್]] ನ್ [[ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್]] ಗ್ ಸೇರುನ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ, [[ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್|ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್]] ದ ಉಳಿಯಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನ್ ''ಸೇಂಟ್ ಯೂರಿಸ್'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುನರ್ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಲ್ವಿವ್-ಟೆರ್ನೋಪಿಲ್ ಡಯೋಸಿಸ್ ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಂಡ್.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} Tಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ 1989ಡ್ ಪುನರ್ ಉದಿತ್ಂಡ್, ಅಪಗ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು [[ಪೆರೆಸ್ಟ್ರೊಯಿಕಾ]] ದ ನಡುಟು ಮಾನ್ಯತೆ ಪಡೆಯೆರ್,<ref name=RFEAug72009/><ref>V. ಪೆಟ್ರುಶ್ಕೊ - ೧೯೯೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಆಟೋಸೆಫಾಲಸ್ ಸ್ಕಿಸ್ಮ್ಸ್.[http://www.krotov.info/history/20/1997petr.html#2 Retrieved on 29 January 2007]</ref> ಬೊಕ್ಕ 45 ವರ್ಸೊಗು ದುಂಬು ಅಕುಲು ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಫಿರ್ಗಜ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮರುಪಡೆಯೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೧೨, ೧೯೯೦ಡ್, [[ಪೀಪಲ್ಸ್ ಮೂವ್ಮೆಂಟ್ ಆಫ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್]] ಪಕ್ಷದ ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಮಾಂಡರ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ರಡ್ಡ್ ದಿನೊಡ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ, [[ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]] ದ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಂಡಳಿ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಹೇಳಿಕೆನ್ ಗುರುತಿಸಯೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು [[ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ#ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ]] ದ ಸುರುತ ವರ್ಷೊಲೆಡ್ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಆದ್ ಉಂಡು. [[ಯೂನಿಯನ್ ಆಫ್ ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್]] ದ 400ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊನು ನೆನಪು ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ 1996ಡ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಮೈದಾನೊಲೆನ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರ ನಡತೊಂದುಂಡು.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್, ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ [[ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್]] ನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ [[ಕೀವ್]] ಗ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ''ದಿ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್'' ಡ್ದ್ ''ದಿ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆಫ್ ಕೀವ್-ಹ್ಯಾಲಿಚ್'' ಗ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.ugcc.ua/en/news/his_beatitude_lubomyr_transfers_seal_of_patriarchal_curia_to_administrator_of_kyivhalych_major_archbishopric_video_added_59731.html|title=His Beatitude Lubomyr transfers seal of Patriarchal Curia to administrator of Kyiv-Halych Major Archbishopric (video added)|website=news.ugcc.ua|language=en|access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref> ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಯಿನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆದ್ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ [[ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್]] ದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆದ್ ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಿಸೊಂದುಂಡು. ==ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಲಕ್ಷಣೊಲು== [[Image:SoborSwJuraLwow2.jpg|280px|right]] ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ [[ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡ್ ಮೆರೆಟಿನ್]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ [[ಜೋಹಾನ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್]] ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಗೊಳಿಸಾಯಿನ, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಪಾಶ್ಚಾತ್ಯ ಪ್ರಭಾವೊಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಬಿಂಬಿಸವುಂಡು.<ref name=lvivbest/> ಒಂದು ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಶೀಲ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ [[ಸಂ. ಜಾರ್ಜ್|ಸಂತ. ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ದಿ ಡ್ರ್ಯಾಗನ್-ಸ್ಲೇಯರ್]], ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ನ, ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಅಟಿಕ್ ಡ್ ನಿಲೆಯಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ನ ಕೈಟ್ [[ಪೋಪ್ ಲಿಯೋ I|ಪೋಪ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಲಿಯೋ]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ [[ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡ್ರಿಯಾದ ಅಥನಾಸಿಯಸ್|ಸೇಂಟ್. ಅಥಾನಾಸಿಯಸ್]] ಜೋಕುಲು ಚರ್ಚ್ ಪೋರ್ಟಲ್ ದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಕಾವಲುಡು ನಿಲೆಯಾಯೆರ್ "ಸಾಕಷ್ಟ್ ಗೌರವೊನು ತೋಜಾವಂದಿನ ಏರೆನ ವಿರುದ್ಧಲಾ ಜಗಳ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ತಯಾರಾತಿನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಕಟ್ಟುನಿಟ್ಟಾದ ನೋಟೊಡು ಎಚ್ಚರಿಕೆ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್."<ref name=nykolyshyn/> ಇಂದೆಕ್ ವಿರುದ್ಧವಾದ್, ಅಂಗಳದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಸೈತಿನಕ್ಲೆನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಶಾಂತಿದ ಪರಿಣಾಮ ಬೀರುಂಡು. ಲುಕಾ ಡೊಲಿನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಫಿರ್ಗಜ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಐಕಾನ್ [[ದೇವಾಲಯೊದ ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಣ|ದೇವಾಲಯೊಡ್ದ್ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಿಲೆನ್ ಗಡಿಪಾರ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು]] ನ್ ತೋಜಾವುಂಡು. ಬೇತೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಐಕಾನ್, ''ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲೆರ್'', "ಸಾವುದ ಭಯೊಡು ಗಟ್ಟಿಯಾತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ದುರ್ಬಲ ಆತ್ಮೊಗು" ಶಾಶ್ವತತೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ನರಮಾನಿಯನ ನೋವು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿರಾಶಾದಾಯಕ ಭಿಕ್ಷೆನ್ ಸರ್ವಶಕ್ತೆಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಬಲವಾದ್ ತೆರಿಪಾವುಂಡು."<ref name=nykolyshyn/> ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಅಮೂಲ್ಯವಾಯಿನ [[ಅವಶೇಷ]] [[ಅದ್ಭುತ-ಕೆಲಸದ]] ಐಕಾನ್ ಆಫ್ ದ [[ವರ್ಜಿನ್ ಮೇರಿ]] (೧೭ನೆ ಶತಮಾನ). ಬಿಷಪ್ ಜೋಸೆಫ್ ಶುಮ್ಲಿಯಾನ್ಸ್ಕಿ 1674ಡ್ [[ತೆರೆಬೊವ್ಲಿಯಾ]] ಡ್ದ್ [[ಲ್ವಿವ್]] ಗ್ ತೂಕೊನೊಂಡೆರ್. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲೆಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್-ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಗೌರವಾನ್ವಿತ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಲೆನ್ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಅವುಲು ಕಾರ್ಡಿನಲ್ [[ಸಿಲ್ವೆಸ್ಟರ್ ಸೆಂಬ್ರಾಟೊವಿಚ್]], ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ [[ಆಂಡ್ರೆ ಶೆಪ್ಟಿಟ್ಸ್ಕಿ]], ಮೇಜರ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ [[ಜೋಸಿಫ್ ಸ್ಲಿಪಿಜ್]], ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ [[ವೊಲೊಡಿಮಿರ್ ಸ್ಟೆರ್ನಿಯಕ್]], ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾರ್ಡಿನಲ್ [[ಮೈರೊಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಇವಾನ್ ಲುಬಾಚಿವ್ಸ್ಕಿ]] ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref name=lvivbest/> ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಒಂಜಿ [[ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ (ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ)|ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ]], ಬ್ಯಾರೊಕ್ [[ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪ್ಯಾಲೇಸ್, ಲ್ವಿವ್|ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪ್ಯಾಲೇಸ್]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚಾಪ್ಟರ್ ಹೌಸ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗೇಟ್ ಲೆನ ಪಿರವುಡು ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಗಾರ್ಡನ್ ಲಾ ಉಂಡು. {{Commons category|Saint George cathedral, Lviv}} ==ಇಂಚಲಾ ತೂಲೆ== * [[Saint George: Devotions, traditions and prayers]] * [http://clementcelma.com/360/st-georges-cathedral 360-degrees interactive panorama of the interior] * [http://ukraine.kiev-foto.info/en/sobor-svyatogo-yura-vo-lvove/ Photos of St. George's Cathedral in Lviv ]{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://prysjan.ucoz.ua/lviv/4/sobor_yura.html Photo gallery of St. George's Cathedral] ==ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು== {{reflist}} {{coord|49|50|19.48|N|24|0|46.19|E|type:landmark_region:UA_scale:1000|display=title}} {{Lviv}} {{Cathedrals of Ukraine}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Saint George's Cathedral,Lviv}} [[Category:Churches completed in 1760]] [[Category:Cathedrals in Lviv]] [[Category:Ukrainian Catholic cathedrals in Ukraine]] [[Category:Baroque architecture in Ukraine]] [[Category:Rococo architecture in Ukraine]] [[Category:13th-century churches in Europe]] [[Category:1280s establishments in Europe]] [[Category:Baroque church buildings in Ukraine]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Ukraine]] n5yvu5v9s9xjck3mien5ef97yfywkf6 366820 366816 2026-08-24T05:14:29Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* ಇತಿಹಾಸ */ 366820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ್ ಲಿವಿವ್‌ಡ್ ಉಳ್ಳ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ದೇವಾಲಯ}} {{Infobox church | name = ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್‌ದ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ | infobox_width = | image = Sobor Sv Yura Lviv.JPG | image_size = 280 | caption = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ್ ಲಿವಿವ್ಡ್ ಉಳ್ಳ ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್‌ದ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್. | map_type = | map_size = | pushpin_caption = | location = | geo = | latitude = | longitude = | denomination = ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ | sui_iuris_church = ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ | churchmanship = | province = ಲಿವಿವ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಚೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ | district = | consecrated = | status = ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ | functional_status = | heritage_designation = | leadership = | website = | architect = ಬೆರ್ನಾರ್ಡ್ ಮೆರೆಟಿನ್ | architectural_type = | style = ಬರೋಕ್-ರೊಕೊಕೊ | facade_direction = | groundbreaking = 1744 | completed = 1760 | construction_cost = | specifications = | capacity = | length = | width = | width_nave = | height_max = | dome_quantity = | dome_height_outer = | dome_height_inner = | dome_dia_outer = | dome_dia_inner = | minaret_quantity = | minaret_height = | spire_quantity = | spire_height = | materials = | nrhp = | added = | designated = | archbishop = ಇಹೋರ್ ವೊಜ್ನ್ಯಾಕ್ }} '''ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್''' ''ಸೊಬೊರ್ ಸ್ವಿಯಾಟೊಹೊ ಯುರಾ'' ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನಗರೊಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಬರೊಕ್-ರೊಕೊಕೊ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್. ನಗರೊನು ತೂಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡ್ ಉಂದು ೧೭೪೪-೧೭೬೦ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆತುಂಡು. <ref name=lvivbest>St. George Cathedral. [http://www.lvivbest.com/en/churches/george-cathedral Lviv Best Portal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412173630/http://www.lvivbest.com/en/churches/george-cathedral |date=2009-04-12 }} 29 January 2006.</ref> ಉಂದು 13ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಚರ್ಚ್ದ ಮೂಜಿನೆ ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ ಪ್ರಾಮುಖ್ಯತೆ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿತವಾದ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣಕಾರೆರೆಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಂಡಲ್ ಲೆಗ್ ಗುರಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಧರ್ಮದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ‍್ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪದೊಕುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಧಾನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಪಡೆಯೊಂದುಂಡು. ೧೯ನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆದ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ದುಂಡು.<ref name=nykolyshyn>Nykolyshyn, Yuriy. (2006) ''Lviv''. Apriori Press. Lviv, Ukraine. pg. 63, 67. {{ISBN|966-8256-09-3}}</ref> ==ಇತಿಹಾಸ== ಸುಮಾರ್ ೧೨೮೦ಡ್ದ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಹಾಲಿಚ್-ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯಾ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸಿಪಾಲಿಟಿದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಗು ಪಿರ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮೂಲ ಮರತ್ತ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿಟ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕೋಟೆನ್ 1340ಡ್ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ದ ರಾಜೆ ಕ್ಯಾಸಿಮಿರ್ III ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ, ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಗ್ ನಾಲ್ ಸ್ತಂಭೊಲೆನ ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ಬೆಸಿಲಿಕಾನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೬೪೨ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆರ್ಸೆನಿ ಝೆಲಿಬೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುದ್ರಣ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಗಾರೊನು ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Боротьба за книговидання в ранньомодерній Україні: конкуренція, прибутки, читачі, заборони|date=2026-01-26|url=https://tyzhden.ua/borotba-za-knyhovydannia-v-rannomodernij-ukraini-konkurentsiia-prybutky-chytachi-zaborony/|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೭೦೦ಡ್, ಪವಿತ್ರ ಸೀ (ರೋಮ್ ದ ಬಿಷಪ್ – ಪೋಪ್ ನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಎಪಾರ್ಚಿ ದ ಏಕೀಕರಣದ ಕಾಯ್ದೆನ್ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಸೀ (ರೋಮ್ ದ ಬಿಷಪ್ – ಪೋಪ್) ಸೇಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ನ ಈ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಆವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಪೋಪ್ ಜೋಸ್ಕಿ/ ಶುಮ್ಲಾನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಕ್ತವಾದ್ ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ (೧೫೯೬) ನ್ ಸೇರಾವೋಂಡೆರ್.<ref>Catholic Encyclopedia. [https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09144a.htm Lemberg: Uniat Ruthenian Archbishopric]. 29 January 2007</ref> [[File:Sobor-sviatoho-yura-03.JPG|right|200px]] ಇತ್ತೆದ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು 1746ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಅಥಾನಾಸಿಯಸ್ ಸ್ಜೆಪ್ಟಿಕ್ಕಿ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1762ಡ್ ಲಿಯೋ ಸ್ಜೆಪ್ಟಿಕ್ಕಿ ಮುಗಿತೆರ್. ೧೮೦೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ದ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಗ್ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಅಗತ್ಯೊದ ನಡುಟು, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ (ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ) ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಂಡ್.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿನ್ ಕಿರುಕುಳ ಕೊರರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, 1945ಡ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ ಪೊಸ ಆರ್ಡಿನೇಷನ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್, ಜೋಸಿಫ್ ಸ್ಲಿಪಿಜ್ ನ್ ಜೈಲುಗು ಪಾಡ್ದೆರ್. ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೧೯೪೬ಡ್, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಸಿನೊಡ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ (೧೯೪೬)|ಸಿನೊಡ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್]]<!---ಸಾಮಗ್ರಿಲೆಗ್ [[:uk:Львівський собор ೧೯೪೬]] ನ್ ukwiki ಡ್ ತೂಲೆ--->, ಉಂದು ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟೊನು ರದ್ದು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name=RFEAug72009>[https://www.rferl.org/a/SovietEra_Documents_Shed_Light_On_Suppression_Of_Ukrainian_Catholic_Church/1795023.html Soviet-Era Documents Shed Light On Suppression Of Ukrainian Catholic Church Soviet-Era Documents Shed Light On Suppression Of Ukrainian Catholic Church], ''[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]'', August 7, 2009</ref> ಒರಿ ಜವನೆರ್ ವೊಲೊಡಿಮೈರ್ ಸ್ಟೆರ್ನಿಯಕ್ (ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿದ ನಾಯಕೆರ್), ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಲೋಫ್ಟ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಕುಲು, ಸಾಕ್ಷಿಯಾಯೆರ್. <ref>[http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/major.religions/greek.catholic/sterniuk/ Archbishop Volodymyr Sterniuk] {{webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050420013332/http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/major.religions/greek.catholic/sterniuk/ |date=2005-04-20 }} at the [http://www.risu.org.ua Religious Information Service of Ukraine]</ref> ಗಲಿಸಿಯಾ (ಮಧ್ಯ ಯುರೋಪ್)ದ ಎಕ್ಲೆಸಿಯಾಸ್ಟಿಕಲ್ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿನೇಟ್ನ್ ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ಗ್ ಸೇರುನ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ದ ಒರಿದಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನ್ ''ಸೇಂಟ್ ಯೂರಿಸ್'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಕುಡ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಲ್ವಿವ್-ಟೆರ್ನೋಪಿಲ್ ಡಯೋಸಿಸ್ ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಂಡ್.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ 1989ಡ್ ಪುನರ್ ಉದಿತ್ಂಡ್, ಅಪಗ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಪೆರೆಸ್ಟ್ರೊಯಿಕಾ ದ ನಡುಟು ಮಾನ್ಯತೆ ಪಡೆಯೆರ್,<ref name=RFEAug72009/><ref>V. ಪೆಟ್ರುಶ್ಕೊ - ೧೯೯೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಆಟೋಸೆಫಾಲಸ್ ಸ್ಕಿಸ್ಮ್ಸ್.[http://www.krotov.info/history/20/1997petr.html#2 Retrieved on 29 January 2007]</ref> ಬೊಕ್ಕ 45 ವರ್ಸೊಗು ದುಂಬು ಅಕುಲು ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಫಿರ್ಗಜ್ ಲೆನ್ ಕುಡ ಪಡೆಯೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೧೨, ೧೯೯೦ಡ್, ಪೀಪಲ್ಸ್ ಮೂವ್ಮೆಂಟ್ ಆಫ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಪಕ್ಷೊದ ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಮಾಂಡ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ರಡ್ಡ್ ದಿನೊಡ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ದ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಂಡಳಿ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಹೇಳಿಕೆನ್ ಗುರುತಿಸಾಯೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊ ದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುರುತ ವರ್ಷೊಲೆಡ್ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಆಪುಂಡು. ಯೂನಿಯನ್ ಆಫ್ ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ದ 400ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊನು ನೆನಪು ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ 1996ಡ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಮೈದಾನೊಲೆನ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರ ನಡತೊಂದುಂಡು.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್, ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಕೀವ್ ಗ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ''ದಿ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್'' ಡ್ದ್ ''ದಿ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆಫ್ ಕೀವ್-ಹ್ಯಾಲಿಚ್'' ಗ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.ugcc.ua/en/news/his_beatitude_lubomyr_transfers_seal_of_patriarchal_curia_to_administrator_of_kyivhalych_major_archbishopric_video_added_59731.html|title=His Beatitude Lubomyr transfers seal of Patriarchal Curia to administrator of Kyiv-Halych Major Archbishopric (video added)|website=news.ugcc.ua|language=en|access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref> ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಯಿನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆದ್ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆದ್ ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಿಸೊಂದುಂಡು. ==ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಲಕ್ಷಣೊಲು== [[Image:SoborSwJuraLwow2.jpg|280px|right]] ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ [[ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡ್ ಮೆರೆಟಿನ್]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ [[ಜೋಹಾನ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್]] ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಗೊಳಿಸಾಯಿನ, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಪಾಶ್ಚಾತ್ಯ ಪ್ರಭಾವೊಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಬಿಂಬಿಸವುಂಡು.<ref name=lvivbest/> ಒಂದು ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಶೀಲ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ [[ಸಂ. ಜಾರ್ಜ್|ಸಂತ. ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ದಿ ಡ್ರ್ಯಾಗನ್-ಸ್ಲೇಯರ್]], ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ನ, ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಅಟಿಕ್ ಡ್ ನಿಲೆಯಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ನ ಕೈಟ್ [[ಪೋಪ್ ಲಿಯೋ I|ಪೋಪ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಲಿಯೋ]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ [[ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡ್ರಿಯಾದ ಅಥನಾಸಿಯಸ್|ಸೇಂಟ್. ಅಥಾನಾಸಿಯಸ್]] ಜೋಕುಲು ಚರ್ಚ್ ಪೋರ್ಟಲ್ ದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಕಾವಲುಡು ನಿಲೆಯಾಯೆರ್ "ಸಾಕಷ್ಟ್ ಗೌರವೊನು ತೋಜಾವಂದಿನ ಏರೆನ ವಿರುದ್ಧಲಾ ಜಗಳ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ತಯಾರಾತಿನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಕಟ್ಟುನಿಟ್ಟಾದ ನೋಟೊಡು ಎಚ್ಚರಿಕೆ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್."<ref name=nykolyshyn/> ಇಂದೆಕ್ ವಿರುದ್ಧವಾದ್, ಅಂಗಳದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಸೈತಿನಕ್ಲೆನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಶಾಂತಿದ ಪರಿಣಾಮ ಬೀರುಂಡು. ಲುಕಾ ಡೊಲಿನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಫಿರ್ಗಜ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಐಕಾನ್ [[ದೇವಾಲಯೊದ ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಣ|ದೇವಾಲಯೊಡ್ದ್ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಿಲೆನ್ ಗಡಿಪಾರ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು]] ನ್ ತೋಜಾವುಂಡು. ಬೇತೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಐಕಾನ್, ''ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲೆರ್'', "ಸಾವುದ ಭಯೊಡು ಗಟ್ಟಿಯಾತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ದುರ್ಬಲ ಆತ್ಮೊಗು" ಶಾಶ್ವತತೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ನರಮಾನಿಯನ ನೋವು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿರಾಶಾದಾಯಕ ಭಿಕ್ಷೆನ್ ಸರ್ವಶಕ್ತೆಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಬಲವಾದ್ ತೆರಿಪಾವುಂಡು."<ref name=nykolyshyn/> ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಅಮೂಲ್ಯವಾಯಿನ [[ಅವಶೇಷ]] [[ಅದ್ಭುತ-ಕೆಲಸದ]] ಐಕಾನ್ ಆಫ್ ದ [[ವರ್ಜಿನ್ ಮೇರಿ]] (೧೭ನೆ ಶತಮಾನ). ಬಿಷಪ್ ಜೋಸೆಫ್ ಶುಮ್ಲಿಯಾನ್ಸ್ಕಿ 1674ಡ್ [[ತೆರೆಬೊವ್ಲಿಯಾ]] ಡ್ದ್ [[ಲ್ವಿವ್]] ಗ್ ತೂಕೊನೊಂಡೆರ್. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲೆಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್-ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಗೌರವಾನ್ವಿತ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಲೆನ್ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಅವುಲು ಕಾರ್ಡಿನಲ್ [[ಸಿಲ್ವೆಸ್ಟರ್ ಸೆಂಬ್ರಾಟೊವಿಚ್]], ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ [[ಆಂಡ್ರೆ ಶೆಪ್ಟಿಟ್ಸ್ಕಿ]], ಮೇಜರ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ [[ಜೋಸಿಫ್ ಸ್ಲಿಪಿಜ್]], ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ [[ವೊಲೊಡಿಮಿರ್ ಸ್ಟೆರ್ನಿಯಕ್]], ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾರ್ಡಿನಲ್ [[ಮೈರೊಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಇವಾನ್ ಲುಬಾಚಿವ್ಸ್ಕಿ]] ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref name=lvivbest/> ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಒಂಜಿ [[ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ (ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ)|ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ]], ಬ್ಯಾರೊಕ್ [[ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪ್ಯಾಲೇಸ್, ಲ್ವಿವ್|ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪ್ಯಾಲೇಸ್]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚಾಪ್ಟರ್ ಹೌಸ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗೇಟ್ ಲೆನ ಪಿರವುಡು ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಗಾರ್ಡನ್ ಲಾ ಉಂಡು. {{Commons category|Saint George cathedral, Lviv}} ==ಇಂಚಲಾ ತೂಲೆ== * [[Saint George: Devotions, traditions and prayers]] * [http://clementcelma.com/360/st-georges-cathedral 360-degrees interactive panorama of the interior] * [http://ukraine.kiev-foto.info/en/sobor-svyatogo-yura-vo-lvove/ Photos of St. George's Cathedral in Lviv ]{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://prysjan.ucoz.ua/lviv/4/sobor_yura.html Photo gallery of St. George's Cathedral] ==ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು== {{reflist}} {{coord|49|50|19.48|N|24|0|46.19|E|type:landmark_region:UA_scale:1000|display=title}} {{Lviv}} {{Cathedrals of Ukraine}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Saint George's Cathedral,Lviv}} [[Category:Churches completed in 1760]] [[Category:Cathedrals in Lviv]] [[Category:Ukrainian Catholic cathedrals in Ukraine]] [[Category:Baroque architecture in Ukraine]] [[Category:Rococo architecture in Ukraine]] [[Category:13th-century churches in Europe]] [[Category:1280s establishments in Europe]] [[Category:Baroque church buildings in Ukraine]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Ukraine]] i0cfvn2x0hzs5rz6135pj5gmvx93vuf 366821 366820 2026-08-24T05:18:14Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಲಕ್ಷಣೊಲು */ 366821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ್ ಲಿವಿವ್‌ಡ್ ಉಳ್ಳ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ದೇವಾಲಯ}} {{Infobox church | name = ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್‌ದ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ | infobox_width = | image = Sobor Sv Yura Lviv.JPG | image_size = 280 | caption = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ್ ಲಿವಿವ್ಡ್ ಉಳ್ಳ ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್‌ದ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್. | map_type = | map_size = | pushpin_caption = | location = | geo = | latitude = | longitude = | denomination = ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ | sui_iuris_church = ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ | churchmanship = | province = ಲಿವಿವ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಚೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ | district = | consecrated = | status = ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ | functional_status = | heritage_designation = | leadership = | website = | architect = ಬೆರ್ನಾರ್ಡ್ ಮೆರೆಟಿನ್ | architectural_type = | style = ಬರೋಕ್-ರೊಕೊಕೊ | facade_direction = | groundbreaking = 1744 | completed = 1760 | construction_cost = | specifications = | capacity = | length = | width = | width_nave = | height_max = | dome_quantity = | dome_height_outer = | dome_height_inner = | dome_dia_outer = | dome_dia_inner = | minaret_quantity = | minaret_height = | spire_quantity = | spire_height = | materials = | nrhp = | added = | designated = | archbishop = ಇಹೋರ್ ವೊಜ್ನ್ಯಾಕ್ }} '''ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್''' ''ಸೊಬೊರ್ ಸ್ವಿಯಾಟೊಹೊ ಯುರಾ'' ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನಗರೊಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಬರೊಕ್-ರೊಕೊಕೊ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್. ನಗರೊನು ತೂಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡ್ ಉಂದು ೧೭೪೪-೧೭೬೦ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆತುಂಡು. <ref name=lvivbest>St. George Cathedral. [http://www.lvivbest.com/en/churches/george-cathedral Lviv Best Portal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412173630/http://www.lvivbest.com/en/churches/george-cathedral |date=2009-04-12 }} 29 January 2006.</ref> ಉಂದು 13ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಚರ್ಚ್ದ ಮೂಜಿನೆ ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ ಪ್ರಾಮುಖ್ಯತೆ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿತವಾದ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣಕಾರೆರೆಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಂಡಲ್ ಲೆಗ್ ಗುರಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಧರ್ಮದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ‍್ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪದೊಕುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಧಾನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಪಡೆಯೊಂದುಂಡು. ೧೯ನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆದ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ದುಂಡು.<ref name=nykolyshyn>Nykolyshyn, Yuriy. (2006) ''Lviv''. Apriori Press. Lviv, Ukraine. pg. 63, 67. {{ISBN|966-8256-09-3}}</ref> ==ಇತಿಹಾಸ== ಸುಮಾರ್ ೧೨೮೦ಡ್ದ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಹಾಲಿಚ್-ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯಾ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸಿಪಾಲಿಟಿದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಗು ಪಿರ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮೂಲ ಮರತ್ತ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿಟ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕೋಟೆನ್ 1340ಡ್ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ದ ರಾಜೆ ಕ್ಯಾಸಿಮಿರ್ III ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ, ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಗ್ ನಾಲ್ ಸ್ತಂಭೊಲೆನ ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ಬೆಸಿಲಿಕಾನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೬೪೨ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆರ್ಸೆನಿ ಝೆಲಿಬೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುದ್ರಣ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಗಾರೊನು ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Боротьба за книговидання в ранньомодерній Україні: конкуренція, прибутки, читачі, заборони|date=2026-01-26|url=https://tyzhden.ua/borotba-za-knyhovydannia-v-rannomodernij-ukraini-konkurentsiia-prybutky-chytachi-zaborony/|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೭೦೦ಡ್, ಪವಿತ್ರ ಸೀ (ರೋಮ್ ದ ಬಿಷಪ್ – ಪೋಪ್ ನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಎಪಾರ್ಚಿ ದ ಏಕೀಕರಣದ ಕಾಯ್ದೆನ್ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಸೀ (ರೋಮ್ ದ ಬಿಷಪ್ – ಪೋಪ್) ಸೇಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ನ ಈ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಆವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಪೋಪ್ ಜೋಸ್ಕಿ/ ಶುಮ್ಲಾನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಕ್ತವಾದ್ ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ (೧೫೯೬) ನ್ ಸೇರಾವೋಂಡೆರ್.<ref>Catholic Encyclopedia. [https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09144a.htm Lemberg: Uniat Ruthenian Archbishopric]. 29 January 2007</ref> [[File:Sobor-sviatoho-yura-03.JPG|right|200px]] ಇತ್ತೆದ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು 1746ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಅಥಾನಾಸಿಯಸ್ ಸ್ಜೆಪ್ಟಿಕ್ಕಿ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1762ಡ್ ಲಿಯೋ ಸ್ಜೆಪ್ಟಿಕ್ಕಿ ಮುಗಿತೆರ್. ೧೮೦೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ದ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಗ್ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಅಗತ್ಯೊದ ನಡುಟು, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ (ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ) ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಂಡ್.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿನ್ ಕಿರುಕುಳ ಕೊರರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, 1945ಡ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ ಪೊಸ ಆರ್ಡಿನೇಷನ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್, ಜೋಸಿಫ್ ಸ್ಲಿಪಿಜ್ ನ್ ಜೈಲುಗು ಪಾಡ್ದೆರ್. ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೧೯೪೬ಡ್, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಸಿನೊಡ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ (೧೯೪೬)|ಸಿನೊಡ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್]]<!---ಸಾಮಗ್ರಿಲೆಗ್ [[:uk:Львівський собор ೧೯೪೬]] ನ್ ukwiki ಡ್ ತೂಲೆ--->, ಉಂದು ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟೊನು ರದ್ದು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name=RFEAug72009>[https://www.rferl.org/a/SovietEra_Documents_Shed_Light_On_Suppression_Of_Ukrainian_Catholic_Church/1795023.html Soviet-Era Documents Shed Light On Suppression Of Ukrainian Catholic Church Soviet-Era Documents Shed Light On Suppression Of Ukrainian Catholic Church], ''[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]'', August 7, 2009</ref> ಒರಿ ಜವನೆರ್ ವೊಲೊಡಿಮೈರ್ ಸ್ಟೆರ್ನಿಯಕ್ (ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿದ ನಾಯಕೆರ್), ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಲೋಫ್ಟ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಕುಲು, ಸಾಕ್ಷಿಯಾಯೆರ್. <ref>[http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/major.religions/greek.catholic/sterniuk/ Archbishop Volodymyr Sterniuk] {{webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050420013332/http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/major.religions/greek.catholic/sterniuk/ |date=2005-04-20 }} at the [http://www.risu.org.ua Religious Information Service of Ukraine]</ref> ಗಲಿಸಿಯಾ (ಮಧ್ಯ ಯುರೋಪ್)ದ ಎಕ್ಲೆಸಿಯಾಸ್ಟಿಕಲ್ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿನೇಟ್ನ್ ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ಗ್ ಸೇರುನ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ದ ಒರಿದಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನ್ ''ಸೇಂಟ್ ಯೂರಿಸ್'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಕುಡ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಲ್ವಿವ್-ಟೆರ್ನೋಪಿಲ್ ಡಯೋಸಿಸ್ ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಂಡ್.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ 1989ಡ್ ಪುನರ್ ಉದಿತ್ಂಡ್, ಅಪಗ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಪೆರೆಸ್ಟ್ರೊಯಿಕಾ ದ ನಡುಟು ಮಾನ್ಯತೆ ಪಡೆಯೆರ್,<ref name=RFEAug72009/><ref>V. ಪೆಟ್ರುಶ್ಕೊ - ೧೯೯೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಆಟೋಸೆಫಾಲಸ್ ಸ್ಕಿಸ್ಮ್ಸ್.[http://www.krotov.info/history/20/1997petr.html#2 Retrieved on 29 January 2007]</ref> ಬೊಕ್ಕ 45 ವರ್ಸೊಗು ದುಂಬು ಅಕುಲು ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಫಿರ್ಗಜ್ ಲೆನ್ ಕುಡ ಪಡೆಯೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೧೨, ೧೯೯೦ಡ್, ಪೀಪಲ್ಸ್ ಮೂವ್ಮೆಂಟ್ ಆಫ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಪಕ್ಷೊದ ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಮಾಂಡ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ರಡ್ಡ್ ದಿನೊಡ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ದ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಂಡಳಿ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಹೇಳಿಕೆನ್ ಗುರುತಿಸಾಯೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊ ದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುರುತ ವರ್ಷೊಲೆಡ್ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಆಪುಂಡು. ಯೂನಿಯನ್ ಆಫ್ ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ದ 400ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊನು ನೆನಪು ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ 1996ಡ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಮೈದಾನೊಲೆನ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರ ನಡತೊಂದುಂಡು.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್, ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಕೀವ್ ಗ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ''ದಿ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್'' ಡ್ದ್ ''ದಿ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆಫ್ ಕೀವ್-ಹ್ಯಾಲಿಚ್'' ಗ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.ugcc.ua/en/news/his_beatitude_lubomyr_transfers_seal_of_patriarchal_curia_to_administrator_of_kyivhalych_major_archbishopric_video_added_59731.html|title=His Beatitude Lubomyr transfers seal of Patriarchal Curia to administrator of Kyiv-Halych Major Archbishopric (video added)|website=news.ugcc.ua|language=en|access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref> ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಯಿನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆದ್ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆದ್ ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಿಸೊಂದುಂಡು. ==ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಲಕ್ಷಣೊಲು== [[Image:SoborSwJuraLwow2.jpg|280px|right]] ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡ್ ಮೆರೆಟಿನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಜೋಹಾನ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಗೊಳಿಸಾಯಿನ, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಪಾಶ್ಚಾತ್ಯ ಪ್ರಭಾವೊಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಬಿಂಬಿಸವುಂಡು.<ref name=lvivbest/> ಒಂದು ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಶೀಲ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ ಸಂತ. ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ದಿ ಡ್ರ್ಯಾಗನ್-ಸ್ಲೇಯರ್, ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ನ, ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಅಟಿಕ್ ಡ್ ನಿಲೆಯಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ನ ಕೈಟ್ [[ಪೋಪ್ ಲಿಯೋ I ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡ್ರಿಯಾದ ಅಥನಾಸಿಯಸ್ ಏರೆನ ವಿರುದ್ಧಲಾ ಲಡಾಯಿ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ತಯಾರಾತಿನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಕಟ್ಟುನಿಟ್ಟಾದ ನೋಟೊಡು ಎಚ್ಚರಿಕೆ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್."<ref name=nykolyshyn/> ಇಂದೆಕ್ ವಿರುದ್ಧವಾದ್, ಅಂಗೊಣದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಸೈತಿನಕ್ಲೆನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಶಾಂತಿದ ಪರಿಣಾಮ ಬೀರುಂಡು. ಲುಕಾ ಡೊಲಿನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಫಿರ್ಗಜ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಐಕಾನ್ ದೇವಾಲಯೊದ ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಣ ಪಂಡ ದೇವಾಲಯೊಡ್ದ್ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಿಲೆನ್ ಗಡಿಪಾರ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು ನ್ ತೋಜಾವುಂಡು. ಬೇತೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಐಕಾನ್, ''ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲೆರ್'', "ಸಾವುದ ಪೋಡಿಗೆಡು ಗಟ್ಟಿಯಾತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ದುರ್ಬಲ ಆತ್ಮೊಗು" ಶಾಶ್ವತತೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ನರಮಾನಿಯನ ಬೇನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿರಾಶಾದಾಯಕ ಭಿಕ್ಷೆನ್ ಸರ್ವಶಕ್ತೆಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಬಲವಾದ್ ತೆರಿಪಾವುಂಡು."<ref name=nykolyshyn/> ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಅಮೂಲ್ಯವಾಯಿನ ಅವಶೇಷ ಅದ್ಭುತ-ಕೆಲಸೊದ ಐಕಾನ್ ಆಫ್ ದ ವರ್ಜಿನ್ ಮೇರಿ (೧೭ನೆ ಶತಮಾನ) ಬಿಷಪ್ ಜೋಸೆಫ್ ಶುಮ್ಲಿಯಾನ್ಸ್ಕಿ 1674ಡ್ ತೆರೆಬೊವ್ಲಿಯಾ ಡ್ದ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಗ್ ಕೊನೊದ್ ಪೋಯೆರ್. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲೆಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್-ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಗೌರವಾನ್ವಿತ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಲೆನ್ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಅವುಲು ಕಾರ್ಡಿನಲ್ ಸಿಲ್ವೆಸ್ಟರ್ ಸೆಂಬ್ರಾಟೊವಿಚ್, ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಆಂಡ್ರೆ ಶೆಪ್ಟಿಟ್ಸ್ಕಿ, ಮೇಜರ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಜೋಸಿಫ್ ಸ್ಲಿಪಿಜ್, ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ವೊಲೊಡಿಮಿರ್ ಸ್ಟೆರ್ನಿಯಕ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾರ್ಡಿನಲ್ ಮೈರೊಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಇವಾನ್ ಲುಬಾಚಿವ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref name=lvivbest/> ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ (ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ), ಬ್ಯಾರೊಕ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪ್ಯಾಲೇಸ್, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚಾಪ್ಟರ್ ಹೌಸ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗೇಟ್ ಲೆನ ಪಿರವುಡು ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಗಾರ್ಡನ್ ಲಾ ಉಂಡು. {{Commons category|Saint George cathedral, Lviv}} ==ಇಂಚಲಾ ತೂಲೆ== * [[Saint George: Devotions, traditions and prayers]] * [http://clementcelma.com/360/st-georges-cathedral 360-degrees interactive panorama of the interior] * [http://ukraine.kiev-foto.info/en/sobor-svyatogo-yura-vo-lvove/ Photos of St. George's Cathedral in Lviv ]{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://prysjan.ucoz.ua/lviv/4/sobor_yura.html Photo gallery of St. George's Cathedral] ==ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು== {{reflist}} {{coord|49|50|19.48|N|24|0|46.19|E|type:landmark_region:UA_scale:1000|display=title}} {{Lviv}} {{Cathedrals of Ukraine}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Saint George's Cathedral,Lviv}} [[Category:Churches completed in 1760]] [[Category:Cathedrals in Lviv]] [[Category:Ukrainian Catholic cathedrals in Ukraine]] [[Category:Baroque architecture in Ukraine]] [[Category:Rococo architecture in Ukraine]] [[Category:13th-century churches in Europe]] [[Category:1280s establishments in Europe]] [[Category:Baroque church buildings in Ukraine]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Ukraine]] 5dama7q50jgf6f32mcpd6mzt3hi6npk 366822 366821 2026-08-24T05:18:32Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* ಇಂಚಲಾ ತೂಲೆ */ 366822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ್ ಲಿವಿವ್‌ಡ್ ಉಳ್ಳ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ದೇವಾಲಯ}} {{Infobox church | name = ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್‌ದ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ | infobox_width = | image = Sobor Sv Yura Lviv.JPG | image_size = 280 | caption = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ್ ಲಿವಿವ್ಡ್ ಉಳ್ಳ ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್‌ದ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್. | map_type = | map_size = | pushpin_caption = | location = | geo = | latitude = | longitude = | denomination = ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ | sui_iuris_church = ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ | churchmanship = | province = ಲಿವಿವ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಚೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ | district = | consecrated = | status = ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ | functional_status = | heritage_designation = | leadership = | website = | architect = ಬೆರ್ನಾರ್ಡ್ ಮೆರೆಟಿನ್ | architectural_type = | style = ಬರೋಕ್-ರೊಕೊಕೊ | facade_direction = | groundbreaking = 1744 | completed = 1760 | construction_cost = | specifications = | capacity = | length = | width = | width_nave = | height_max = | dome_quantity = | dome_height_outer = | dome_height_inner = | dome_dia_outer = | dome_dia_inner = | minaret_quantity = | minaret_height = | spire_quantity = | spire_height = | materials = | nrhp = | added = | designated = | archbishop = ಇಹೋರ್ ವೊಜ್ನ್ಯಾಕ್ }} '''ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್''' ''ಸೊಬೊರ್ ಸ್ವಿಯಾಟೊಹೊ ಯುರಾ'' ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನಗರೊಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಬರೊಕ್-ರೊಕೊಕೊ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್. ನಗರೊನು ತೂಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡ್ ಉಂದು ೧೭೪೪-೧೭೬೦ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆತುಂಡು. <ref name=lvivbest>St. George Cathedral. [http://www.lvivbest.com/en/churches/george-cathedral Lviv Best Portal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412173630/http://www.lvivbest.com/en/churches/george-cathedral |date=2009-04-12 }} 29 January 2006.</ref> ಉಂದು 13ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಚರ್ಚ್ದ ಮೂಜಿನೆ ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ ಪ್ರಾಮುಖ್ಯತೆ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿತವಾದ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣಕಾರೆರೆಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಂಡಲ್ ಲೆಗ್ ಗುರಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಧರ್ಮದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ‍್ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪದೊಕುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಧಾನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಪಡೆಯೊಂದುಂಡು. ೧೯ನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆದ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ದುಂಡು.<ref name=nykolyshyn>Nykolyshyn, Yuriy. (2006) ''Lviv''. Apriori Press. Lviv, Ukraine. pg. 63, 67. {{ISBN|966-8256-09-3}}</ref> ==ಇತಿಹಾಸ== ಸುಮಾರ್ ೧೨೮೦ಡ್ದ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಹಾಲಿಚ್-ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯಾ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸಿಪಾಲಿಟಿದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಗು ಪಿರ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮೂಲ ಮರತ್ತ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿಟ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕೋಟೆನ್ 1340ಡ್ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ದ ರಾಜೆ ಕ್ಯಾಸಿಮಿರ್ III ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ, ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಗ್ ನಾಲ್ ಸ್ತಂಭೊಲೆನ ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ಬೆಸಿಲಿಕಾನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೬೪೨ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆರ್ಸೆನಿ ಝೆಲಿಬೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುದ್ರಣ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಗಾರೊನು ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Боротьба за книговидання в ранньомодерній Україні: конкуренція, прибутки, читачі, заборони|date=2026-01-26|url=https://tyzhden.ua/borotba-za-knyhovydannia-v-rannomodernij-ukraini-konkurentsiia-prybutky-chytachi-zaborony/|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೭೦೦ಡ್, ಪವಿತ್ರ ಸೀ (ರೋಮ್ ದ ಬಿಷಪ್ – ಪೋಪ್ ನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಎಪಾರ್ಚಿ ದ ಏಕೀಕರಣದ ಕಾಯ್ದೆನ್ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಸೀ (ರೋಮ್ ದ ಬಿಷಪ್ – ಪೋಪ್) ಸೇಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ನ ಈ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಆವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಪೋಪ್ ಜೋಸ್ಕಿ/ ಶುಮ್ಲಾನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಕ್ತವಾದ್ ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ (೧೫೯೬) ನ್ ಸೇರಾವೋಂಡೆರ್.<ref>Catholic Encyclopedia. [https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09144a.htm Lemberg: Uniat Ruthenian Archbishopric]. 29 January 2007</ref> [[File:Sobor-sviatoho-yura-03.JPG|right|200px]] ಇತ್ತೆದ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು 1746ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಅಥಾನಾಸಿಯಸ್ ಸ್ಜೆಪ್ಟಿಕ್ಕಿ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1762ಡ್ ಲಿಯೋ ಸ್ಜೆಪ್ಟಿಕ್ಕಿ ಮುಗಿತೆರ್. ೧೮೦೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ದ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಗ್ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಅಗತ್ಯೊದ ನಡುಟು, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ (ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ) ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಂಡ್.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿನ್ ಕಿರುಕುಳ ಕೊರರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, 1945ಡ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ ಪೊಸ ಆರ್ಡಿನೇಷನ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್, ಜೋಸಿಫ್ ಸ್ಲಿಪಿಜ್ ನ್ ಜೈಲುಗು ಪಾಡ್ದೆರ್. ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೧೯೪೬ಡ್, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಸಿನೊಡ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ (೧೯೪೬)|ಸಿನೊಡ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್]]<!---ಸಾಮಗ್ರಿಲೆಗ್ [[:uk:Львівський собор ೧೯೪೬]] ನ್ ukwiki ಡ್ ತೂಲೆ--->, ಉಂದು ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟೊನು ರದ್ದು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name=RFEAug72009>[https://www.rferl.org/a/SovietEra_Documents_Shed_Light_On_Suppression_Of_Ukrainian_Catholic_Church/1795023.html Soviet-Era Documents Shed Light On Suppression Of Ukrainian Catholic Church Soviet-Era Documents Shed Light On Suppression Of Ukrainian Catholic Church], ''[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]'', August 7, 2009</ref> ಒರಿ ಜವನೆರ್ ವೊಲೊಡಿಮೈರ್ ಸ್ಟೆರ್ನಿಯಕ್ (ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿದ ನಾಯಕೆರ್), ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಲೋಫ್ಟ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಕುಲು, ಸಾಕ್ಷಿಯಾಯೆರ್. <ref>[http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/major.religions/greek.catholic/sterniuk/ Archbishop Volodymyr Sterniuk] {{webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050420013332/http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/major.religions/greek.catholic/sterniuk/ |date=2005-04-20 }} at the [http://www.risu.org.ua Religious Information Service of Ukraine]</ref> ಗಲಿಸಿಯಾ (ಮಧ್ಯ ಯುರೋಪ್)ದ ಎಕ್ಲೆಸಿಯಾಸ್ಟಿಕಲ್ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿನೇಟ್ನ್ ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ಗ್ ಸೇರುನ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ದ ಒರಿದಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನ್ ''ಸೇಂಟ್ ಯೂರಿಸ್'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಕುಡ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಲ್ವಿವ್-ಟೆರ್ನೋಪಿಲ್ ಡಯೋಸಿಸ್ ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಂಡ್.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ 1989ಡ್ ಪುನರ್ ಉದಿತ್ಂಡ್, ಅಪಗ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಪೆರೆಸ್ಟ್ರೊಯಿಕಾ ದ ನಡುಟು ಮಾನ್ಯತೆ ಪಡೆಯೆರ್,<ref name=RFEAug72009/><ref>V. ಪೆಟ್ರುಶ್ಕೊ - ೧೯೯೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಆಟೋಸೆಫಾಲಸ್ ಸ್ಕಿಸ್ಮ್ಸ್.[http://www.krotov.info/history/20/1997petr.html#2 Retrieved on 29 January 2007]</ref> ಬೊಕ್ಕ 45 ವರ್ಸೊಗು ದುಂಬು ಅಕುಲು ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಫಿರ್ಗಜ್ ಲೆನ್ ಕುಡ ಪಡೆಯೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೧೨, ೧೯೯೦ಡ್, ಪೀಪಲ್ಸ್ ಮೂವ್ಮೆಂಟ್ ಆಫ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಪಕ್ಷೊದ ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಮಾಂಡ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ರಡ್ಡ್ ದಿನೊಡ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ದ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಂಡಳಿ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಹೇಳಿಕೆನ್ ಗುರುತಿಸಾಯೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊ ದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುರುತ ವರ್ಷೊಲೆಡ್ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಆಪುಂಡು. ಯೂನಿಯನ್ ಆಫ್ ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ದ 400ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊನು ನೆನಪು ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ 1996ಡ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಮೈದಾನೊಲೆನ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರ ನಡತೊಂದುಂಡು.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್, ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಕೀವ್ ಗ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ''ದಿ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್'' ಡ್ದ್ ''ದಿ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆಫ್ ಕೀವ್-ಹ್ಯಾಲಿಚ್'' ಗ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.ugcc.ua/en/news/his_beatitude_lubomyr_transfers_seal_of_patriarchal_curia_to_administrator_of_kyivhalych_major_archbishopric_video_added_59731.html|title=His Beatitude Lubomyr transfers seal of Patriarchal Curia to administrator of Kyiv-Halych Major Archbishopric (video added)|website=news.ugcc.ua|language=en|access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref> ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಯಿನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆದ್ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆದ್ ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಿಸೊಂದುಂಡು. ==ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಲಕ್ಷಣೊಲು== [[Image:SoborSwJuraLwow2.jpg|280px|right]] ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡ್ ಮೆರೆಟಿನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಜೋಹಾನ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಗೊಳಿಸಾಯಿನ, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಪಾಶ್ಚಾತ್ಯ ಪ್ರಭಾವೊಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಬಿಂಬಿಸವುಂಡು.<ref name=lvivbest/> ಒಂದು ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಶೀಲ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ ಸಂತ. ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ದಿ ಡ್ರ್ಯಾಗನ್-ಸ್ಲೇಯರ್, ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ನ, ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಅಟಿಕ್ ಡ್ ನಿಲೆಯಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ನ ಕೈಟ್ [[ಪೋಪ್ ಲಿಯೋ I ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡ್ರಿಯಾದ ಅಥನಾಸಿಯಸ್ ಏರೆನ ವಿರುದ್ಧಲಾ ಲಡಾಯಿ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ತಯಾರಾತಿನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಕಟ್ಟುನಿಟ್ಟಾದ ನೋಟೊಡು ಎಚ್ಚರಿಕೆ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್."<ref name=nykolyshyn/> ಇಂದೆಕ್ ವಿರುದ್ಧವಾದ್, ಅಂಗೊಣದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಸೈತಿನಕ್ಲೆನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಶಾಂತಿದ ಪರಿಣಾಮ ಬೀರುಂಡು. ಲುಕಾ ಡೊಲಿನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಫಿರ್ಗಜ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಐಕಾನ್ ದೇವಾಲಯೊದ ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಣ ಪಂಡ ದೇವಾಲಯೊಡ್ದ್ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಿಲೆನ್ ಗಡಿಪಾರ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು ನ್ ತೋಜಾವುಂಡು. ಬೇತೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಐಕಾನ್, ''ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲೆರ್'', "ಸಾವುದ ಪೋಡಿಗೆಡು ಗಟ್ಟಿಯಾತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ದುರ್ಬಲ ಆತ್ಮೊಗು" ಶಾಶ್ವತತೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ನರಮಾನಿಯನ ಬೇನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿರಾಶಾದಾಯಕ ಭಿಕ್ಷೆನ್ ಸರ್ವಶಕ್ತೆಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಬಲವಾದ್ ತೆರಿಪಾವುಂಡು."<ref name=nykolyshyn/> ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಅಮೂಲ್ಯವಾಯಿನ ಅವಶೇಷ ಅದ್ಭುತ-ಕೆಲಸೊದ ಐಕಾನ್ ಆಫ್ ದ ವರ್ಜಿನ್ ಮೇರಿ (೧೭ನೆ ಶತಮಾನ) ಬಿಷಪ್ ಜೋಸೆಫ್ ಶುಮ್ಲಿಯಾನ್ಸ್ಕಿ 1674ಡ್ ತೆರೆಬೊವ್ಲಿಯಾ ಡ್ದ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಗ್ ಕೊನೊದ್ ಪೋಯೆರ್. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲೆಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್-ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಗೌರವಾನ್ವಿತ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಲೆನ್ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಅವುಲು ಕಾರ್ಡಿನಲ್ ಸಿಲ್ವೆಸ್ಟರ್ ಸೆಂಬ್ರಾಟೊವಿಚ್, ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಆಂಡ್ರೆ ಶೆಪ್ಟಿಟ್ಸ್ಕಿ, ಮೇಜರ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಜೋಸಿಫ್ ಸ್ಲಿಪಿಜ್, ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ವೊಲೊಡಿಮಿರ್ ಸ್ಟೆರ್ನಿಯಕ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾರ್ಡಿನಲ್ ಮೈರೊಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಇವಾನ್ ಲುಬಾಚಿವ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref name=lvivbest/> ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ (ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ), ಬ್ಯಾರೊಕ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪ್ಯಾಲೇಸ್, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚಾಪ್ಟರ್ ಹೌಸ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗೇಟ್ ಲೆನ ಪಿರವುಡು ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಗಾರ್ಡನ್ ಲಾ ಉಂಡು. {{Commons category|Saint George cathedral, Lviv}} ==ಇಂಚಲಾ ತೂಲೆ== * Saint George: Devotions, traditions and prayers * [http://clementcelma.com/360/st-georges-cathedral 360-degrees interactive panorama of the interior] * [http://ukraine.kiev-foto.info/en/sobor-svyatogo-yura-vo-lvove/ Photos of St. George's Cathedral in Lviv ]{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://prysjan.ucoz.ua/lviv/4/sobor_yura.html Photo gallery of St. George's Cathedral] ==ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು== {{reflist}} {{coord|49|50|19.48|N|24|0|46.19|E|type:landmark_region:UA_scale:1000|display=title}} {{Lviv}} {{Cathedrals of Ukraine}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Saint George's Cathedral,Lviv}} [[Category:Churches completed in 1760]] [[Category:Cathedrals in Lviv]] [[Category:Ukrainian Catholic cathedrals in Ukraine]] [[Category:Baroque architecture in Ukraine]] [[Category:Rococo architecture in Ukraine]] [[Category:13th-century churches in Europe]] [[Category:1280s establishments in Europe]] [[Category:Baroque church buildings in Ukraine]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Ukraine]] fk5jiqvmw3r8kjbkjrd8ymkjk030u2l 366823 366822 2026-08-24T05:18:49Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು */ 366823 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ್ ಲಿವಿವ್‌ಡ್ ಉಳ್ಳ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ದೇವಾಲಯ}} {{Infobox church | name = ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್‌ದ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ | infobox_width = | image = Sobor Sv Yura Lviv.JPG | image_size = 280 | caption = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ್ ಲಿವಿವ್ಡ್ ಉಳ್ಳ ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್‌ದ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್. | map_type = | map_size = | pushpin_caption = | location = | geo = | latitude = | longitude = | denomination = ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ | sui_iuris_church = ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ | churchmanship = | province = ಲಿವಿವ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಚೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ | district = | consecrated = | status = ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ | functional_status = | heritage_designation = | leadership = | website = | architect = ಬೆರ್ನಾರ್ಡ್ ಮೆರೆಟಿನ್ | architectural_type = | style = ಬರೋಕ್-ರೊಕೊಕೊ | facade_direction = | groundbreaking = 1744 | completed = 1760 | construction_cost = | specifications = | capacity = | length = | width = | width_nave = | height_max = | dome_quantity = | dome_height_outer = | dome_height_inner = | dome_dia_outer = | dome_dia_inner = | minaret_quantity = | minaret_height = | spire_quantity = | spire_height = | materials = | nrhp = | added = | designated = | archbishop = ಇಹೋರ್ ವೊಜ್ನ್ಯಾಕ್ }} '''ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್''' ''ಸೊಬೊರ್ ಸ್ವಿಯಾಟೊಹೊ ಯುರಾ'' ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನಗರೊಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಬರೊಕ್-ರೊಕೊಕೊ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್. ನಗರೊನು ತೂಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡ್ ಉಂದು ೧೭೪೪-೧೭೬೦ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆತುಂಡು. <ref name=lvivbest>St. George Cathedral. [http://www.lvivbest.com/en/churches/george-cathedral Lviv Best Portal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412173630/http://www.lvivbest.com/en/churches/george-cathedral |date=2009-04-12 }} 29 January 2006.</ref> ಉಂದು 13ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಚರ್ಚ್ದ ಮೂಜಿನೆ ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ ಪ್ರಾಮುಖ್ಯತೆ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿತವಾದ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣಕಾರೆರೆಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಂಡಲ್ ಲೆಗ್ ಗುರಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಧರ್ಮದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ‍್ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪದೊಕುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಧಾನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಪಡೆಯೊಂದುಂಡು. ೧೯ನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆದ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ದುಂಡು.<ref name=nykolyshyn>Nykolyshyn, Yuriy. (2006) ''Lviv''. Apriori Press. Lviv, Ukraine. pg. 63, 67. {{ISBN|966-8256-09-3}}</ref> ==ಇತಿಹಾಸ== ಸುಮಾರ್ ೧೨೮೦ಡ್ದ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಹಾಲಿಚ್-ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯಾ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸಿಪಾಲಿಟಿದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಗು ಪಿರ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮೂಲ ಮರತ್ತ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿಟ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕೋಟೆನ್ 1340ಡ್ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ದ ರಾಜೆ ಕ್ಯಾಸಿಮಿರ್ III ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ, ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಗ್ ನಾಲ್ ಸ್ತಂಭೊಲೆನ ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ಬೆಸಿಲಿಕಾನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೬೪೨ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆರ್ಸೆನಿ ಝೆಲಿಬೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುದ್ರಣ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಗಾರೊನು ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Боротьба за книговидання в ранньомодерній Україні: конкуренція, прибутки, читачі, заборони|date=2026-01-26|url=https://tyzhden.ua/borotba-za-knyhovydannia-v-rannomodernij-ukraini-konkurentsiia-prybutky-chytachi-zaborony/|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೭೦೦ಡ್, ಪವಿತ್ರ ಸೀ (ರೋಮ್ ದ ಬಿಷಪ್ – ಪೋಪ್ ನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಎಪಾರ್ಚಿ ದ ಏಕೀಕರಣದ ಕಾಯ್ದೆನ್ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಸೀ (ರೋಮ್ ದ ಬಿಷಪ್ – ಪೋಪ್) ಸೇಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ನ ಈ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಆವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಪೋಪ್ ಜೋಸ್ಕಿ/ ಶುಮ್ಲಾನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಕ್ತವಾದ್ ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ (೧೫೯೬) ನ್ ಸೇರಾವೋಂಡೆರ್.<ref>Catholic Encyclopedia. [https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09144a.htm Lemberg: Uniat Ruthenian Archbishopric]. 29 January 2007</ref> [[File:Sobor-sviatoho-yura-03.JPG|right|200px]] ಇತ್ತೆದ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು 1746ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಅಥಾನಾಸಿಯಸ್ ಸ್ಜೆಪ್ಟಿಕ್ಕಿ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1762ಡ್ ಲಿಯೋ ಸ್ಜೆಪ್ಟಿಕ್ಕಿ ಮುಗಿತೆರ್. ೧೮೦೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ದ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಗ್ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಅಗತ್ಯೊದ ನಡುಟು, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ (ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ) ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಂಡ್.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿನ್ ಕಿರುಕುಳ ಕೊರರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, 1945ಡ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ ಪೊಸ ಆರ್ಡಿನೇಷನ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್, ಜೋಸಿಫ್ ಸ್ಲಿಪಿಜ್ ನ್ ಜೈಲುಗು ಪಾಡ್ದೆರ್. ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೧೯೪೬ಡ್, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಸಿನೊಡ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ (೧೯೪೬)|ಸಿನೊಡ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್]]<!---ಸಾಮಗ್ರಿಲೆಗ್ [[:uk:Львівський собор ೧೯೪೬]] ನ್ ukwiki ಡ್ ತೂಲೆ--->, ಉಂದು ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟೊನು ರದ್ದು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name=RFEAug72009>[https://www.rferl.org/a/SovietEra_Documents_Shed_Light_On_Suppression_Of_Ukrainian_Catholic_Church/1795023.html Soviet-Era Documents Shed Light On Suppression Of Ukrainian Catholic Church Soviet-Era Documents Shed Light On Suppression Of Ukrainian Catholic Church], ''[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]'', August 7, 2009</ref> ಒರಿ ಜವನೆರ್ ವೊಲೊಡಿಮೈರ್ ಸ್ಟೆರ್ನಿಯಕ್ (ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿದ ನಾಯಕೆರ್), ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಲೋಫ್ಟ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಕುಲು, ಸಾಕ್ಷಿಯಾಯೆರ್. <ref>[http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/major.religions/greek.catholic/sterniuk/ Archbishop Volodymyr Sterniuk] {{webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050420013332/http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/major.religions/greek.catholic/sterniuk/ |date=2005-04-20 }} at the [http://www.risu.org.ua Religious Information Service of Ukraine]</ref> ಗಲಿಸಿಯಾ (ಮಧ್ಯ ಯುರೋಪ್)ದ ಎಕ್ಲೆಸಿಯಾಸ್ಟಿಕಲ್ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿನೇಟ್ನ್ ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ಗ್ ಸೇರುನ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ದ ಒರಿದಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನ್ ''ಸೇಂಟ್ ಯೂರಿಸ್'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಕುಡ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಲ್ವಿವ್-ಟೆರ್ನೋಪಿಲ್ ಡಯೋಸಿಸ್ ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಂಡ್.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ 1989ಡ್ ಪುನರ್ ಉದಿತ್ಂಡ್, ಅಪಗ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಪೆರೆಸ್ಟ್ರೊಯಿಕಾ ದ ನಡುಟು ಮಾನ್ಯತೆ ಪಡೆಯೆರ್,<ref name=RFEAug72009/><ref>V. ಪೆಟ್ರುಶ್ಕೊ - ೧೯೯೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಆಟೋಸೆಫಾಲಸ್ ಸ್ಕಿಸ್ಮ್ಸ್.[http://www.krotov.info/history/20/1997petr.html#2 Retrieved on 29 January 2007]</ref> ಬೊಕ್ಕ 45 ವರ್ಸೊಗು ದುಂಬು ಅಕುಲು ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಫಿರ್ಗಜ್ ಲೆನ್ ಕುಡ ಪಡೆಯೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೧೨, ೧೯೯೦ಡ್, ಪೀಪಲ್ಸ್ ಮೂವ್ಮೆಂಟ್ ಆಫ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಪಕ್ಷೊದ ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಮಾಂಡ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ರಡ್ಡ್ ದಿನೊಡ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ದ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಂಡಳಿ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಹೇಳಿಕೆನ್ ಗುರುತಿಸಾಯೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊ ದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುರುತ ವರ್ಷೊಲೆಡ್ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಆಪುಂಡು. ಯೂನಿಯನ್ ಆಫ್ ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ದ 400ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊನು ನೆನಪು ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ 1996ಡ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಮೈದಾನೊಲೆನ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರ ನಡತೊಂದುಂಡು.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್, ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಕೀವ್ ಗ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ''ದಿ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್'' ಡ್ದ್ ''ದಿ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆಫ್ ಕೀವ್-ಹ್ಯಾಲಿಚ್'' ಗ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.ugcc.ua/en/news/his_beatitude_lubomyr_transfers_seal_of_patriarchal_curia_to_administrator_of_kyivhalych_major_archbishopric_video_added_59731.html|title=His Beatitude Lubomyr transfers seal of Patriarchal Curia to administrator of Kyiv-Halych Major Archbishopric (video added)|website=news.ugcc.ua|language=en|access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref> ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಯಿನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆದ್ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆದ್ ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಿಸೊಂದುಂಡು. ==ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಲಕ್ಷಣೊಲು== [[Image:SoborSwJuraLwow2.jpg|280px|right]] ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡ್ ಮೆರೆಟಿನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಜೋಹಾನ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಗೊಳಿಸಾಯಿನ, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಪಾಶ್ಚಾತ್ಯ ಪ್ರಭಾವೊಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಬಿಂಬಿಸವುಂಡು.<ref name=lvivbest/> ಒಂದು ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಶೀಲ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ ಸಂತ. ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ದಿ ಡ್ರ್ಯಾಗನ್-ಸ್ಲೇಯರ್, ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ನ, ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಅಟಿಕ್ ಡ್ ನಿಲೆಯಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ನ ಕೈಟ್ [[ಪೋಪ್ ಲಿಯೋ I ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡ್ರಿಯಾದ ಅಥನಾಸಿಯಸ್ ಏರೆನ ವಿರುದ್ಧಲಾ ಲಡಾಯಿ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ತಯಾರಾತಿನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಕಟ್ಟುನಿಟ್ಟಾದ ನೋಟೊಡು ಎಚ್ಚರಿಕೆ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್."<ref name=nykolyshyn/> ಇಂದೆಕ್ ವಿರುದ್ಧವಾದ್, ಅಂಗೊಣದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಸೈತಿನಕ್ಲೆನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಶಾಂತಿದ ಪರಿಣಾಮ ಬೀರುಂಡು. ಲುಕಾ ಡೊಲಿನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಫಿರ್ಗಜ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಐಕಾನ್ ದೇವಾಲಯೊದ ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಣ ಪಂಡ ದೇವಾಲಯೊಡ್ದ್ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಿಲೆನ್ ಗಡಿಪಾರ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು ನ್ ತೋಜಾವುಂಡು. ಬೇತೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಐಕಾನ್, ''ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲೆರ್'', "ಸಾವುದ ಪೋಡಿಗೆಡು ಗಟ್ಟಿಯಾತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ದುರ್ಬಲ ಆತ್ಮೊಗು" ಶಾಶ್ವತತೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ನರಮಾನಿಯನ ಬೇನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿರಾಶಾದಾಯಕ ಭಿಕ್ಷೆನ್ ಸರ್ವಶಕ್ತೆಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಬಲವಾದ್ ತೆರಿಪಾವುಂಡು."<ref name=nykolyshyn/> ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಅಮೂಲ್ಯವಾಯಿನ ಅವಶೇಷ ಅದ್ಭುತ-ಕೆಲಸೊದ ಐಕಾನ್ ಆಫ್ ದ ವರ್ಜಿನ್ ಮೇರಿ (೧೭ನೆ ಶತಮಾನ) ಬಿಷಪ್ ಜೋಸೆಫ್ ಶುಮ್ಲಿಯಾನ್ಸ್ಕಿ 1674ಡ್ ತೆರೆಬೊವ್ಲಿಯಾ ಡ್ದ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಗ್ ಕೊನೊದ್ ಪೋಯೆರ್. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲೆಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್-ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಗೌರವಾನ್ವಿತ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಲೆನ್ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಅವುಲು ಕಾರ್ಡಿನಲ್ ಸಿಲ್ವೆಸ್ಟರ್ ಸೆಂಬ್ರಾಟೊವಿಚ್, ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಆಂಡ್ರೆ ಶೆಪ್ಟಿಟ್ಸ್ಕಿ, ಮೇಜರ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಜೋಸಿಫ್ ಸ್ಲಿಪಿಜ್, ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ವೊಲೊಡಿಮಿರ್ ಸ್ಟೆರ್ನಿಯಕ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾರ್ಡಿನಲ್ ಮೈರೊಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಇವಾನ್ ಲುಬಾಚಿವ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref name=lvivbest/> ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ (ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ), ಬ್ಯಾರೊಕ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪ್ಯಾಲೇಸ್, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚಾಪ್ಟರ್ ಹೌಸ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗೇಟ್ ಲೆನ ಪಿರವುಡು ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಗಾರ್ಡನ್ ಲಾ ಉಂಡು. {{Commons category|Saint George cathedral, Lviv}} ==ಇಂಚಲಾ ತೂಲೆ== * Saint George: Devotions, traditions and prayers * [http://clementcelma.com/360/st-georges-cathedral 360-degrees interactive panorama of the interior] * [http://ukraine.kiev-foto.info/en/sobor-svyatogo-yura-vo-lvove/ Photos of St. George's Cathedral in Lviv ]{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://prysjan.ucoz.ua/lviv/4/sobor_yura.html Photo gallery of St. George's Cathedral] ==ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು== {{reflist}} {{coord|49|50|19.48|N|24|0|46.19|E|type:landmark_region:UA_scale:1000|display=title}} {{Lviv}} {{Cathedrals of Ukraine}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Saint George's Cathedral,Lviv}} [[Category:Churches completed in 1760]] [[Category:Cathedrals in Lviv]] [[Category:Ukrainian Catholic cathedrals in Ukraine]] [[Category:Baroque architecture in Ukraine]] [[Category:Rococo architecture in Ukraine]] [[Category:13th-century churches in Europe]] [[Category:1280s establishments in Europe]] [[Category:Baroque church buildings in Ukraine]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Ukraine]] 9vq41eu3ijb6n0wd1ksi7idwt6knc7b 366824 366823 2026-08-24T05:19:01Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು */ 366824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ್ ಲಿವಿವ್‌ಡ್ ಉಳ್ಳ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ದೇವಾಲಯ}} {{Infobox church | name = ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್‌ದ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ | infobox_width = | image = Sobor Sv Yura Lviv.JPG | image_size = 280 | caption = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ್ ಲಿವಿವ್ಡ್ ಉಳ್ಳ ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್‌ದ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್. | map_type = | map_size = | pushpin_caption = | location = | geo = | latitude = | longitude = | denomination = ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ | sui_iuris_church = ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ | churchmanship = | province = ಲಿವಿವ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಚೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ | district = | consecrated = | status = ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ | functional_status = | heritage_designation = | leadership = | website = | architect = ಬೆರ್ನಾರ್ಡ್ ಮೆರೆಟಿನ್ | architectural_type = | style = ಬರೋಕ್-ರೊಕೊಕೊ | facade_direction = | groundbreaking = 1744 | completed = 1760 | construction_cost = | specifications = | capacity = | length = | width = | width_nave = | height_max = | dome_quantity = | dome_height_outer = | dome_height_inner = | dome_dia_outer = | dome_dia_inner = | minaret_quantity = | minaret_height = | spire_quantity = | spire_height = | materials = | nrhp = | added = | designated = | archbishop = ಇಹೋರ್ ವೊಜ್ನ್ಯಾಕ್ }} '''ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್''' ''ಸೊಬೊರ್ ಸ್ವಿಯಾಟೊಹೊ ಯುರಾ'' ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನಗರೊಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಬರೊಕ್-ರೊಕೊಕೊ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್. ನಗರೊನು ತೂಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡ್ ಉಂದು ೧೭೪೪-೧೭೬೦ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆತುಂಡು. <ref name=lvivbest>St. George Cathedral. [http://www.lvivbest.com/en/churches/george-cathedral Lviv Best Portal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412173630/http://www.lvivbest.com/en/churches/george-cathedral |date=2009-04-12 }} 29 January 2006.</ref> ಉಂದು 13ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಚರ್ಚ್ದ ಮೂಜಿನೆ ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ ಪ್ರಾಮುಖ್ಯತೆ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿತವಾದ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣಕಾರೆರೆಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಂಡಲ್ ಲೆಗ್ ಗುರಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಧರ್ಮದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ‍್ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪದೊಕುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಧಾನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಪಡೆಯೊಂದುಂಡು. ೧೯ನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆದ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ದುಂಡು.<ref name=nykolyshyn>Nykolyshyn, Yuriy. (2006) ''Lviv''. Apriori Press. Lviv, Ukraine. pg. 63, 67. {{ISBN|966-8256-09-3}}</ref> ==ಇತಿಹಾಸ== ಸುಮಾರ್ ೧೨೮೦ಡ್ದ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಹಾಲಿಚ್-ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯಾ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸಿಪಾಲಿಟಿದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಗು ಪಿರ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮೂಲ ಮರತ್ತ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿಟ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕೋಟೆನ್ 1340ಡ್ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ದ ರಾಜೆ ಕ್ಯಾಸಿಮಿರ್ III ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ, ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಗ್ ನಾಲ್ ಸ್ತಂಭೊಲೆನ ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ಬೆಸಿಲಿಕಾನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೬೪೨ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆರ್ಸೆನಿ ಝೆಲಿಬೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುದ್ರಣ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಗಾರೊನು ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Боротьба за книговидання в ранньомодерній Україні: конкуренція, прибутки, читачі, заборони|date=2026-01-26|url=https://tyzhden.ua/borotba-za-knyhovydannia-v-rannomodernij-ukraini-konkurentsiia-prybutky-chytachi-zaborony/|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೭೦೦ಡ್, ಪವಿತ್ರ ಸೀ (ರೋಮ್ ದ ಬಿಷಪ್ – ಪೋಪ್ ನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಎಪಾರ್ಚಿ ದ ಏಕೀಕರಣದ ಕಾಯ್ದೆನ್ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಸೀ (ರೋಮ್ ದ ಬಿಷಪ್ – ಪೋಪ್) ಸೇಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ನ ಈ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಆವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಪೋಪ್ ಜೋಸ್ಕಿ/ ಶುಮ್ಲಾನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಕ್ತವಾದ್ ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ (೧೫೯೬) ನ್ ಸೇರಾವೋಂಡೆರ್.<ref>Catholic Encyclopedia. [https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09144a.htm Lemberg: Uniat Ruthenian Archbishopric]. 29 January 2007</ref> [[File:Sobor-sviatoho-yura-03.JPG|right|200px]] ಇತ್ತೆದ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು 1746ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಅಥಾನಾಸಿಯಸ್ ಸ್ಜೆಪ್ಟಿಕ್ಕಿ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1762ಡ್ ಲಿಯೋ ಸ್ಜೆಪ್ಟಿಕ್ಕಿ ಮುಗಿತೆರ್. ೧೮೦೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ದ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಗ್ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಅಗತ್ಯೊದ ನಡುಟು, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ (ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ) ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಂಡ್.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿನ್ ಕಿರುಕುಳ ಕೊರರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, 1945ಡ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ ಪೊಸ ಆರ್ಡಿನೇಷನ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್, ಜೋಸಿಫ್ ಸ್ಲಿಪಿಜ್ ನ್ ಜೈಲುಗು ಪಾಡ್ದೆರ್. ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೧೯೪೬ಡ್, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಸಿನೊಡ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ (೧೯೪೬)|ಸಿನೊಡ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್]]<!---ಸಾಮಗ್ರಿಲೆಗ್ [[:uk:Львівський собор ೧೯೪೬]] ನ್ ukwiki ಡ್ ತೂಲೆ--->, ಉಂದು ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟೊನು ರದ್ದು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name=RFEAug72009>[https://www.rferl.org/a/SovietEra_Documents_Shed_Light_On_Suppression_Of_Ukrainian_Catholic_Church/1795023.html Soviet-Era Documents Shed Light On Suppression Of Ukrainian Catholic Church Soviet-Era Documents Shed Light On Suppression Of Ukrainian Catholic Church], ''[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]'', August 7, 2009</ref> ಒರಿ ಜವನೆರ್ ವೊಲೊಡಿಮೈರ್ ಸ್ಟೆರ್ನಿಯಕ್ (ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿದ ನಾಯಕೆರ್), ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಲೋಫ್ಟ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಕುಲು, ಸಾಕ್ಷಿಯಾಯೆರ್. <ref>[http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/major.religions/greek.catholic/sterniuk/ Archbishop Volodymyr Sterniuk] {{webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050420013332/http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/major.religions/greek.catholic/sterniuk/ |date=2005-04-20 }} at the [http://www.risu.org.ua Religious Information Service of Ukraine]</ref> ಗಲಿಸಿಯಾ (ಮಧ್ಯ ಯುರೋಪ್)ದ ಎಕ್ಲೆಸಿಯಾಸ್ಟಿಕಲ್ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿನೇಟ್ನ್ ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ಗ್ ಸೇರುನ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ದ ಒರಿದಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನ್ ''ಸೇಂಟ್ ಯೂರಿಸ್'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಕುಡ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಲ್ವಿವ್-ಟೆರ್ನೋಪಿಲ್ ಡಯೋಸಿಸ್ ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಂಡ್.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ 1989ಡ್ ಪುನರ್ ಉದಿತ್ಂಡ್, ಅಪಗ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಪೆರೆಸ್ಟ್ರೊಯಿಕಾ ದ ನಡುಟು ಮಾನ್ಯತೆ ಪಡೆಯೆರ್,<ref name=RFEAug72009/><ref>V. ಪೆಟ್ರುಶ್ಕೊ - ೧೯೯೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಆಟೋಸೆಫಾಲಸ್ ಸ್ಕಿಸ್ಮ್ಸ್.[http://www.krotov.info/history/20/1997petr.html#2 Retrieved on 29 January 2007]</ref> ಬೊಕ್ಕ 45 ವರ್ಸೊಗು ದುಂಬು ಅಕುಲು ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಫಿರ್ಗಜ್ ಲೆನ್ ಕುಡ ಪಡೆಯೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೧೨, ೧೯೯೦ಡ್, ಪೀಪಲ್ಸ್ ಮೂವ್ಮೆಂಟ್ ಆಫ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಪಕ್ಷೊದ ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಮಾಂಡ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ರಡ್ಡ್ ದಿನೊಡ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ದ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಂಡಳಿ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಹೇಳಿಕೆನ್ ಗುರುತಿಸಾಯೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊ ದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುರುತ ವರ್ಷೊಲೆಡ್ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಆಪುಂಡು. ಯೂನಿಯನ್ ಆಫ್ ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ದ 400ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊನು ನೆನಪು ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ 1996ಡ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಮೈದಾನೊಲೆನ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರ ನಡತೊಂದುಂಡು.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್, ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಕೀವ್ ಗ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ''ದಿ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್'' ಡ್ದ್ ''ದಿ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆಫ್ ಕೀವ್-ಹ್ಯಾಲಿಚ್'' ಗ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.ugcc.ua/en/news/his_beatitude_lubomyr_transfers_seal_of_patriarchal_curia_to_administrator_of_kyivhalych_major_archbishopric_video_added_59731.html|title=His Beatitude Lubomyr transfers seal of Patriarchal Curia to administrator of Kyiv-Halych Major Archbishopric (video added)|website=news.ugcc.ua|language=en|access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref> ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಯಿನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆದ್ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆದ್ ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಿಸೊಂದುಂಡು. ==ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಲಕ್ಷಣೊಲು== [[Image:SoborSwJuraLwow2.jpg|280px|right]] ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡ್ ಮೆರೆಟಿನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಜೋಹಾನ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಗೊಳಿಸಾಯಿನ, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಪಾಶ್ಚಾತ್ಯ ಪ್ರಭಾವೊಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಬಿಂಬಿಸವುಂಡು.<ref name=lvivbest/> ಒಂದು ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಶೀಲ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ ಸಂತ. ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ದಿ ಡ್ರ್ಯಾಗನ್-ಸ್ಲೇಯರ್, ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ನ, ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಅಟಿಕ್ ಡ್ ನಿಲೆಯಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ನ ಕೈಟ್ [[ಪೋಪ್ ಲಿಯೋ I ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡ್ರಿಯಾದ ಅಥನಾಸಿಯಸ್ ಏರೆನ ವಿರುದ್ಧಲಾ ಲಡಾಯಿ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ತಯಾರಾತಿನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಕಟ್ಟುನಿಟ್ಟಾದ ನೋಟೊಡು ಎಚ್ಚರಿಕೆ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್."<ref name=nykolyshyn/> ಇಂದೆಕ್ ವಿರುದ್ಧವಾದ್, ಅಂಗೊಣದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಸೈತಿನಕ್ಲೆನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಶಾಂತಿದ ಪರಿಣಾಮ ಬೀರುಂಡು. ಲುಕಾ ಡೊಲಿನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಫಿರ್ಗಜ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಐಕಾನ್ ದೇವಾಲಯೊದ ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಣ ಪಂಡ ದೇವಾಲಯೊಡ್ದ್ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಿಲೆನ್ ಗಡಿಪಾರ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು ನ್ ತೋಜಾವುಂಡು. ಬೇತೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಐಕಾನ್, ''ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲೆರ್'', "ಸಾವುದ ಪೋಡಿಗೆಡು ಗಟ್ಟಿಯಾತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ದುರ್ಬಲ ಆತ್ಮೊಗು" ಶಾಶ್ವತತೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ನರಮಾನಿಯನ ಬೇನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿರಾಶಾದಾಯಕ ಭಿಕ್ಷೆನ್ ಸರ್ವಶಕ್ತೆಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಬಲವಾದ್ ತೆರಿಪಾವುಂಡು."<ref name=nykolyshyn/> ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಅಮೂಲ್ಯವಾಯಿನ ಅವಶೇಷ ಅದ್ಭುತ-ಕೆಲಸೊದ ಐಕಾನ್ ಆಫ್ ದ ವರ್ಜಿನ್ ಮೇರಿ (೧೭ನೆ ಶತಮಾನ) ಬಿಷಪ್ ಜೋಸೆಫ್ ಶುಮ್ಲಿಯಾನ್ಸ್ಕಿ 1674ಡ್ ತೆರೆಬೊವ್ಲಿಯಾ ಡ್ದ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಗ್ ಕೊನೊದ್ ಪೋಯೆರ್. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲೆಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್-ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಗೌರವಾನ್ವಿತ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಲೆನ್ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಅವುಲು ಕಾರ್ಡಿನಲ್ ಸಿಲ್ವೆಸ್ಟರ್ ಸೆಂಬ್ರಾಟೊವಿಚ್, ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಆಂಡ್ರೆ ಶೆಪ್ಟಿಟ್ಸ್ಕಿ, ಮೇಜರ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಜೋಸಿಫ್ ಸ್ಲಿಪಿಜ್, ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ವೊಲೊಡಿಮಿರ್ ಸ್ಟೆರ್ನಿಯಕ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾರ್ಡಿನಲ್ ಮೈರೊಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಇವಾನ್ ಲುಬಾಚಿವ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref name=lvivbest/> ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ (ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ), ಬ್ಯಾರೊಕ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪ್ಯಾಲೇಸ್, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚಾಪ್ಟರ್ ಹೌಸ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗೇಟ್ ಲೆನ ಪಿರವುಡು ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಗಾರ್ಡನ್ ಲಾ ಉಂಡು. {{Commons category|Saint George cathedral, Lviv}} ==ಇಂಚಲಾ ತೂಲೆ== * Saint George: Devotions, traditions and prayers * [http://clementcelma.com/360/st-georges-cathedral 360-degrees interactive panorama of the interior] * [http://ukraine.kiev-foto.info/en/sobor-svyatogo-yura-vo-lvove/ Photos of St. George's Cathedral in Lviv ]{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://prysjan.ucoz.ua/lviv/4/sobor_yura.html Photo gallery of St. George's Cathedral] ==ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು== {{reflist}} {{coord|49|50|19.48|N|24|0|46.19|E|type:landmark_region:UA_scale:1000|display=title}} {{Lviv}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Saint George's Cathedral,Lviv}} [[Category:Churches completed in 1760]] [[Category:Cathedrals in Lviv]] [[Category:Ukrainian Catholic cathedrals in Ukraine]] [[Category:Baroque architecture in Ukraine]] [[Category:Rococo architecture in Ukraine]] [[Category:13th-century churches in Europe]] [[Category:1280s establishments in Europe]] [[Category:Baroque church buildings in Ukraine]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Ukraine]] ai3mhcyoqa5u73z1hjbnshmzc6a6bx7 366825 366824 2026-08-24T05:19:20Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು */ 366825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ್ ಲಿವಿವ್‌ಡ್ ಉಳ್ಳ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ದೇವಾಲಯ}} {{Infobox church | name = ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್‌ದ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ | infobox_width = | image = Sobor Sv Yura Lviv.JPG | image_size = 280 | caption = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ್ ಲಿವಿವ್ಡ್ ಉಳ್ಳ ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್‌ದ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್. | map_type = | map_size = | pushpin_caption = | location = | geo = | latitude = | longitude = | denomination = ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ | sui_iuris_church = ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ | churchmanship = | province = ಲಿವಿವ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಚೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ | district = | consecrated = | status = ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ | functional_status = | heritage_designation = | leadership = | website = | architect = ಬೆರ್ನಾರ್ಡ್ ಮೆರೆಟಿನ್ | architectural_type = | style = ಬರೋಕ್-ರೊಕೊಕೊ | facade_direction = | groundbreaking = 1744 | completed = 1760 | construction_cost = | specifications = | capacity = | length = | width = | width_nave = | height_max = | dome_quantity = | dome_height_outer = | dome_height_inner = | dome_dia_outer = | dome_dia_inner = | minaret_quantity = | minaret_height = | spire_quantity = | spire_height = | materials = | nrhp = | added = | designated = | archbishop = ಇಹೋರ್ ವೊಜ್ನ್ಯಾಕ್ }} '''ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್''' ''ಸೊಬೊರ್ ಸ್ವಿಯಾಟೊಹೊ ಯುರಾ'' ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನಗರೊಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಬರೊಕ್-ರೊಕೊಕೊ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್. ನಗರೊನು ತೂಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡ್ ಉಂದು ೧೭೪೪-೧೭೬೦ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆತುಂಡು. <ref name=lvivbest>St. George Cathedral. [http://www.lvivbest.com/en/churches/george-cathedral Lviv Best Portal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412173630/http://www.lvivbest.com/en/churches/george-cathedral |date=2009-04-12 }} 29 January 2006.</ref> ಉಂದು 13ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಚರ್ಚ್ದ ಮೂಜಿನೆ ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ ಪ್ರಾಮುಖ್ಯತೆ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿತವಾದ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣಕಾರೆರೆಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಂಡಲ್ ಲೆಗ್ ಗುರಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಧರ್ಮದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ‍್ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪದೊಕುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಧಾನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಪಡೆಯೊಂದುಂಡು. ೧೯ನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆದ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ದುಂಡು.<ref name=nykolyshyn>Nykolyshyn, Yuriy. (2006) ''Lviv''. Apriori Press. Lviv, Ukraine. pg. 63, 67. {{ISBN|966-8256-09-3}}</ref> ==ಇತಿಹಾಸ== ಸುಮಾರ್ ೧೨೮೦ಡ್ದ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಹಾಲಿಚ್-ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯಾ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸಿಪಾಲಿಟಿದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಗು ಪಿರ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮೂಲ ಮರತ್ತ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿಟ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕೋಟೆನ್ 1340ಡ್ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ದ ರಾಜೆ ಕ್ಯಾಸಿಮಿರ್ III ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ, ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಗ್ ನಾಲ್ ಸ್ತಂಭೊಲೆನ ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ಬೆಸಿಲಿಕಾನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೬೪೨ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆರ್ಸೆನಿ ಝೆಲಿಬೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುದ್ರಣ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಗಾರೊನು ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Боротьба за книговидання в ранньомодерній Україні: конкуренція, прибутки, читачі, заборони|date=2026-01-26|url=https://tyzhden.ua/borotba-za-knyhovydannia-v-rannomodernij-ukraini-konkurentsiia-prybutky-chytachi-zaborony/|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೭೦೦ಡ್, ಪವಿತ್ರ ಸೀ (ರೋಮ್ ದ ಬಿಷಪ್ – ಪೋಪ್ ನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಎಪಾರ್ಚಿ ದ ಏಕೀಕರಣದ ಕಾಯ್ದೆನ್ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಸೀ (ರೋಮ್ ದ ಬಿಷಪ್ – ಪೋಪ್) ಸೇಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ನ ಈ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಆವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಪೋಪ್ ಜೋಸ್ಕಿ/ ಶುಮ್ಲಾನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಕ್ತವಾದ್ ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ (೧೫೯೬) ನ್ ಸೇರಾವೋಂಡೆರ್.<ref>Catholic Encyclopedia. [https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09144a.htm Lemberg: Uniat Ruthenian Archbishopric]. 29 January 2007</ref> [[File:Sobor-sviatoho-yura-03.JPG|right|200px]] ಇತ್ತೆದ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು 1746ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಅಥಾನಾಸಿಯಸ್ ಸ್ಜೆಪ್ಟಿಕ್ಕಿ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1762ಡ್ ಲಿಯೋ ಸ್ಜೆಪ್ಟಿಕ್ಕಿ ಮುಗಿತೆರ್. ೧೮೦೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ದ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಗ್ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಅಗತ್ಯೊದ ನಡುಟು, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ (ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ) ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಂಡ್.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿನ್ ಕಿರುಕುಳ ಕೊರರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, 1945ಡ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ ಪೊಸ ಆರ್ಡಿನೇಷನ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್, ಜೋಸಿಫ್ ಸ್ಲಿಪಿಜ್ ನ್ ಜೈಲುಗು ಪಾಡ್ದೆರ್. ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೧೯೪೬ಡ್, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಸಿನೊಡ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ (೧೯೪೬)|ಸಿನೊಡ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್]]<!---ಸಾಮಗ್ರಿಲೆಗ್ [[:uk:Львівський собор ೧೯೪೬]] ನ್ ukwiki ಡ್ ತೂಲೆ--->, ಉಂದು ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟೊನು ರದ್ದು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name=RFEAug72009>[https://www.rferl.org/a/SovietEra_Documents_Shed_Light_On_Suppression_Of_Ukrainian_Catholic_Church/1795023.html Soviet-Era Documents Shed Light On Suppression Of Ukrainian Catholic Church Soviet-Era Documents Shed Light On Suppression Of Ukrainian Catholic Church], ''[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]'', August 7, 2009</ref> ಒರಿ ಜವನೆರ್ ವೊಲೊಡಿಮೈರ್ ಸ್ಟೆರ್ನಿಯಕ್ (ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿದ ನಾಯಕೆರ್), ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಲೋಫ್ಟ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಕುಲು, ಸಾಕ್ಷಿಯಾಯೆರ್. <ref>[http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/major.religions/greek.catholic/sterniuk/ Archbishop Volodymyr Sterniuk] {{webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050420013332/http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/major.religions/greek.catholic/sterniuk/ |date=2005-04-20 }} at the [http://www.risu.org.ua Religious Information Service of Ukraine]</ref> ಗಲಿಸಿಯಾ (ಮಧ್ಯ ಯುರೋಪ್)ದ ಎಕ್ಲೆಸಿಯಾಸ್ಟಿಕಲ್ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿನೇಟ್ನ್ ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ಗ್ ಸೇರುನ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ದ ಒರಿದಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನ್ ''ಸೇಂಟ್ ಯೂರಿಸ್'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಕುಡ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಲ್ವಿವ್-ಟೆರ್ನೋಪಿಲ್ ಡಯೋಸಿಸ್ ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಂಡ್.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ 1989ಡ್ ಪುನರ್ ಉದಿತ್ಂಡ್, ಅಪಗ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಪೆರೆಸ್ಟ್ರೊಯಿಕಾ ದ ನಡುಟು ಮಾನ್ಯತೆ ಪಡೆಯೆರ್,<ref name=RFEAug72009/><ref>V. ಪೆಟ್ರುಶ್ಕೊ - ೧೯೯೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಆಟೋಸೆಫಾಲಸ್ ಸ್ಕಿಸ್ಮ್ಸ್.[http://www.krotov.info/history/20/1997petr.html#2 Retrieved on 29 January 2007]</ref> ಬೊಕ್ಕ 45 ವರ್ಸೊಗು ದುಂಬು ಅಕುಲು ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಫಿರ್ಗಜ್ ಲೆನ್ ಕುಡ ಪಡೆಯೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೧೨, ೧೯೯೦ಡ್, ಪೀಪಲ್ಸ್ ಮೂವ್ಮೆಂಟ್ ಆಫ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಪಕ್ಷೊದ ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಮಾಂಡ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ರಡ್ಡ್ ದಿನೊಡ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ದ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಂಡಳಿ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಹೇಳಿಕೆನ್ ಗುರುತಿಸಾಯೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊ ದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುರುತ ವರ್ಷೊಲೆಡ್ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಆಪುಂಡು. ಯೂನಿಯನ್ ಆಫ್ ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ದ 400ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊನು ನೆನಪು ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ 1996ಡ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಮೈದಾನೊಲೆನ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರ ನಡತೊಂದುಂಡು.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್, ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಕೀವ್ ಗ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ''ದಿ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್'' ಡ್ದ್ ''ದಿ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆಫ್ ಕೀವ್-ಹ್ಯಾಲಿಚ್'' ಗ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.ugcc.ua/en/news/his_beatitude_lubomyr_transfers_seal_of_patriarchal_curia_to_administrator_of_kyivhalych_major_archbishopric_video_added_59731.html|title=His Beatitude Lubomyr transfers seal of Patriarchal Curia to administrator of Kyiv-Halych Major Archbishopric (video added)|website=news.ugcc.ua|language=en|access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref> ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಯಿನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆದ್ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆದ್ ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಿಸೊಂದುಂಡು. ==ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಲಕ್ಷಣೊಲು== [[Image:SoborSwJuraLwow2.jpg|280px|right]] ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡ್ ಮೆರೆಟಿನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಜೋಹಾನ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಗೊಳಿಸಾಯಿನ, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಪಾಶ್ಚಾತ್ಯ ಪ್ರಭಾವೊಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಬಿಂಬಿಸವುಂಡು.<ref name=lvivbest/> ಒಂದು ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಶೀಲ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ ಸಂತ. ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ದಿ ಡ್ರ್ಯಾಗನ್-ಸ್ಲೇಯರ್, ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ನ, ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಅಟಿಕ್ ಡ್ ನಿಲೆಯಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ನ ಕೈಟ್ [[ಪೋಪ್ ಲಿಯೋ I ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡ್ರಿಯಾದ ಅಥನಾಸಿಯಸ್ ಏರೆನ ವಿರುದ್ಧಲಾ ಲಡಾಯಿ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ತಯಾರಾತಿನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಕಟ್ಟುನಿಟ್ಟಾದ ನೋಟೊಡು ಎಚ್ಚರಿಕೆ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್."<ref name=nykolyshyn/> ಇಂದೆಕ್ ವಿರುದ್ಧವಾದ್, ಅಂಗೊಣದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಸೈತಿನಕ್ಲೆನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಶಾಂತಿದ ಪರಿಣಾಮ ಬೀರುಂಡು. ಲುಕಾ ಡೊಲಿನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಫಿರ್ಗಜ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಐಕಾನ್ ದೇವಾಲಯೊದ ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಣ ಪಂಡ ದೇವಾಲಯೊಡ್ದ್ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಿಲೆನ್ ಗಡಿಪಾರ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು ನ್ ತೋಜಾವುಂಡು. ಬೇತೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಐಕಾನ್, ''ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲೆರ್'', "ಸಾವುದ ಪೋಡಿಗೆಡು ಗಟ್ಟಿಯಾತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ದುರ್ಬಲ ಆತ್ಮೊಗು" ಶಾಶ್ವತತೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ನರಮಾನಿಯನ ಬೇನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿರಾಶಾದಾಯಕ ಭಿಕ್ಷೆನ್ ಸರ್ವಶಕ್ತೆಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಬಲವಾದ್ ತೆರಿಪಾವುಂಡು."<ref name=nykolyshyn/> ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಅಮೂಲ್ಯವಾಯಿನ ಅವಶೇಷ ಅದ್ಭುತ-ಕೆಲಸೊದ ಐಕಾನ್ ಆಫ್ ದ ವರ್ಜಿನ್ ಮೇರಿ (೧೭ನೆ ಶತಮಾನ) ಬಿಷಪ್ ಜೋಸೆಫ್ ಶುಮ್ಲಿಯಾನ್ಸ್ಕಿ 1674ಡ್ ತೆರೆಬೊವ್ಲಿಯಾ ಡ್ದ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಗ್ ಕೊನೊದ್ ಪೋಯೆರ್. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲೆಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್-ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಗೌರವಾನ್ವಿತ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಲೆನ್ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಅವುಲು ಕಾರ್ಡಿನಲ್ ಸಿಲ್ವೆಸ್ಟರ್ ಸೆಂಬ್ರಾಟೊವಿಚ್, ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಆಂಡ್ರೆ ಶೆಪ್ಟಿಟ್ಸ್ಕಿ, ಮೇಜರ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಜೋಸಿಫ್ ಸ್ಲಿಪಿಜ್, ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ವೊಲೊಡಿಮಿರ್ ಸ್ಟೆರ್ನಿಯಕ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾರ್ಡಿನಲ್ ಮೈರೊಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಇವಾನ್ ಲುಬಾಚಿವ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref name=lvivbest/> ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ (ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ), ಬ್ಯಾರೊಕ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪ್ಯಾಲೇಸ್, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚಾಪ್ಟರ್ ಹೌಸ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗೇಟ್ ಲೆನ ಪಿರವುಡು ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಗಾರ್ಡನ್ ಲಾ ಉಂಡು. {{Commons category|Saint George cathedral, Lviv}} ==ಇಂಚಲಾ ತೂಲೆ== * Saint George: Devotions, traditions and prayers * [http://clementcelma.com/360/st-georges-cathedral 360-degrees interactive panorama of the interior] * [http://ukraine.kiev-foto.info/en/sobor-svyatogo-yura-vo-lvove/ Photos of St. George's Cathedral in Lviv ]{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://prysjan.ucoz.ua/lviv/4/sobor_yura.html Photo gallery of St. George's Cathedral] ==ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು== {{reflist}} {{coord|49|50|19.48|N|24|0|46.19|E|type:landmark_region:UA_scale:1000|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Saint George's Cathedral,Lviv}} [[Category:Churches completed in 1760]] [[Category:Cathedrals in Lviv]] [[Category:Ukrainian Catholic cathedrals in Ukraine]] [[Category:Baroque architecture in Ukraine]] [[Category:Rococo architecture in Ukraine]] [[Category:13th-century churches in Europe]] [[Category:1280s establishments in Europe]] [[Category:Baroque church buildings in Ukraine]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Ukraine]] dyrhu3o6j3zmhxmmc9el2kq1bk8y2vq 366827 366825 2026-08-24T05:20:47Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 ಪುಟದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಮಾಹಿತಿಯನ್ನೂ ತಗೆಯುತ್ತಿರುವೆ 366827 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 366842 366827 2026-08-24T07:17:24Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366842 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ಡೊಬ್ರೊವೊಡಿ | native_name = Доброводи | native_name_lang = uk | settlement_type = ಊರು | image_skyline = DobrovodyUman8.JPG | image_caption = ಡೊಬ್ರೊವೊಡಿಯ ದೃಶ್ಯ | pushpin_map = Ukraine Cherkasy Oblast#Ukraine | pushpin_map_caption = ಚೆರ್ಕಾಸಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಡೊಬ್ರೊವೊಡಿದ ಸ್ಥಾನ | subdivision_type = ದೇಶ | subdivision_name = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | subdivision_type1 = ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ | subdivision_name1 = ಚೆರ್ಕಾಸಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ | subdivision_type2 = ರಾಯನ್ | subdivision_name2 = ಉಮಾನ್ ರಾಯನ್ | subdivision_type3 = ಹ್ರೊಮಾಡಾ | subdivision_name3 = ದ್ಮಿತ್ರುಷ್ಕಿ ಗ್ರಾಮೀಣ ಹ್ರೊಮಾಡಾ | elevation_m = 181 | population_total = 975 | postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in Ukraine|ಅಂಚೆ ಕೋಡ್]] | postal_code = 20335 | coordinates = {{coord|48|45|58|N|30|23|23|E|display=inline,title}} }} '''ಡೊಬ್ರೊವೊಡಿ''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಚೆರ್ಕಾಸಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್‌ಡ್, ಉಮಾನ್ ರಾಯನ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಊರು. ಈ ಊರು ದ್ಮಿತ್ರುಷ್ಕಿ ಗ್ರಾಮೀಣ ಹ್ರೊಮಾಡಾದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು. == ಪುರಾತತ್ತ್ವ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ತಾಣ == ಡೊಬ್ರೊವೊಡಿ ಕ್ಯುಕುಟೆನಿ-ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯಾ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪುರಾತತ್ತ್ವ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ತಾಣೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. ಈ ತಾಣೊನು ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. 4ನೇ ಸಹಸ್ರಮಾನಕೂ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟಿದ್ದುಂಡು. ಪೊಸ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಲೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಸುಮಾರ್ ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. ನಾಲ್ಕನೇ ಸಹಸ್ರಮಾನಡ್ ಡೊಬ್ರೊವೊಡಿಡ್ ಅಂದಾಜು '''16,200 ಜನ''' ವಾಸ ಮಲ್ತಿತ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="MüllerRassmann2016">{{cite book |author1=Johannes Müller |author2=Knut Rassmann |author3=Mykhailo Videiko |title=Trypillia Mega-Sites and European Prehistory: 4100–3400 BCE |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3twCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT347 |date=22 January 2016 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-317-24791-3 |pages=347– }}</ref> ಈ ಕಾರಣಡ್ದ್, ತನ್ನ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಉಂದು ಇತಿಹಾಸೊಡು ಜಗತ್ತ್‌ದ ಮಲ್ಲ ನಗರೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆದುಂಡು. ಈ ಪುರಾತನ ವಸತಿದ ಒಟ್ಟು ವಿಸ್ತೀರ್ಣ ಸುಮಾರ್ '''2.5 ಕಿ.ಮೀ.²''' ಇತ್ತುಂಡ್. ಏರಿಯಲ್ ಫೋಟೋಗ್ರಫಿ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತ್, ಬ್ಲಾಕ್‌ಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೀದಿಲು ಯೋಜಿತ ರೀತಿಡ್ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ದೊಡ್ಡ ವಸತಿನನ್ ಅಲ್ಪ ತೂವೊಲಿ. ಉತ್ಖನನೊಲೆನ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾತಿನ ನಿವಾಸೊಲು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ '''12 × 5 ಮೀಟರ್''' ಪ್ರಮಾಣದ ಗಾತ್ರೊಡು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಟೊಮಾಸ್ಜೋವ್ ಗುಂಪುದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಡ್ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟವಾದ ಒಳಾಂಗಣ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಉಂಡು. ಅಯಿಟ್ ಒಂಜಿ ದಿಕ್ಕೆಲ್, ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೆಳಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಉದ್ದದ ಬೆಂಚ್-ವೇದಿಕೆ, ಸುತ್ತು ಬಲಿಪೀಠ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಿಥೋಸ್ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಒಂಜಿ ನಿವಾಸಿದ ಕೋನೊಡು ಎರುತ ತಲೆಬುರುಡೆಗೂ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಚರಣೆದ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಕೂಡ ಕಂಡುಬಂದಿದ್ದುಂಡು. ಮೇಲ್ಮೈ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉತ್ಖನನೊಡ್ದ್ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕುಂಬಾರಿಕೆದ ತುಂಡುಲು ಈ ತಾಣದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪುರಾತತ್ತ್ವ ಸಾಕ್ಷ್ಯೊಲು ಆಂಡ್. ಕಿತ್ತಳೆ ಬಣ್ಣದ ಎಂಗೊಬ್‌ಡ್ ಕಪ್ಪು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊಡು ಅಲಂಕಾರ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಮೇಜಿದ ಪಾತ್ರೆಲೆಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಬಲ್ಯ ಉಂಡು. ಪುದರ್‌ಪೋಯಿನ ಸುಷ್ಕಿವ್ ವಸತಿ ಮಾದರಿಗ್ ಹೋಲಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ, ಒಂಜಿ ದಿಕ್ಕೆಲ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟ ವಸತಿ ಮಾದರಿನೂ ಈ ತಾಣೊಡ್ ತೋಜಿದು ಬೈದುಂಡು.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-06-29 |title=Трипольская культура: почему это так круто - Главное™ |url=http://glavnoe.ua/articles/a2259/ |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100629043346/http://glavnoe.ua/articles/a2259/ |archive-date=29 June 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == ಭೌಗೋಳಿಕ ಸ್ಥಾನ == ಡೊಬ್ರೊವೊಡಿ '''48°45′58″ ಉತ್ತರ ಅಕ್ಷಾಂಶ''' ಬೊಕ್ಕ '''30°23′23″ ಪೂರ್ವ ರೇಖಾಂಶ'''ಡ್ ನೆಲೆಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು. ಈ ಊರು ಸಮುದ್ರ ಮಟ್ಟೊಡ್ದ್ ಸುಮಾರ್ '''181 ಮೀಟರ್''' ಎತ್ತರೊಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುಂಡು. == ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ == ಡೊಬ್ರೊವೊಡಿದ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ '''975''' ಆದುಂಡು. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Archaeological sites in Ukraine]] [[Category:Cucuteni–Trypillia culture]] [[Category:Villages in Uman Raion]] piqosfmgbzmmngwcsck5g5oidylgzua 366844 366842 2026-08-24T07:19:01Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 ಪುಟದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಮಾಹಿತಿಯನ್ನೂ ತಗೆಯುತ್ತಿರುವೆ 366844 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 366846 366844 2026-08-24T07:26:59Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366846 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | name = ಝೋವ್ಕ್ವಾ – ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಚರ್ಚ್ | image = Zolkiew Cerkiew Pr Trojce 02.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | caption = ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಚರ್ಚ್ | location = ಝೋವ್ಕ್ವಾ, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ರಾಯನ್, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | part_of = ಪೋಲಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕಾರ್ಪಾಥಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಮರದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು(iv) | ID = 1424-016 | coordinates = {{coord|50|3|19.22|N|23|58|55.97|E|display=title,inline|format=dms}} | year = 2013 | area = {{convert|0.25|ha|acre|abbr=on}} | buffer_zone = {{convert|1.06|ha|acre|abbr=on}} }} '''ಹೋಲಿ ಟ್ರಿನಿಟಿ ಚರ್ಚ್''' ನ್ ಝೋವ್ಕ್ವಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಉಪನಗರೊಡು ೧೭೨೦ಡ್ ೧೭೧೭ಡ್ ಪೊತ್ತುದು ಪೋಯಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wooden Churches of Ukraine |url=https://authenticukraine.com.ua/en/churches |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=authenticukraine.com.ua |language=en-US}}</ref> ಈ ರಚನೆಡ್ ಮೂಜಿ ಮರೊತ್ತ ನವೆಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಸ್ಯಾಕ್ರಿಸ್ಟಿ ಉಂಡು. ೧೮ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಸುರುಟು ಇವಾನ್ ರುಟ್ಕೊವಿಚ್ ದ ಝೋವ್ಕ್ವಾ ಪೇಂಟಿಂಗ್ ಅಂಡ್ ಕಾರ್ವಿಂಗ್ ಸ್ಕೂಲ್ ದ ಮಾಸ್ಟರ್ಸ್ ಚಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಸುಮಾರ್ ೫೦ ಐಕಾನ್ ಲೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದಿನ ಐಕೊನೊಸ್ಟಾಸಿಸ್ ಉಂಡು. ಐಕಾನೊಸ್ಟಾಸಿಸ್ ನ್ ಇಗ್ನಾಟಿ ಸ್ಟೊಬೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕೆತ್ತನೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಲಿಂಡೆನ್ ಮರೊಡ್ದ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೯೭೮-೭೯ಡ್, ಐಕಾನೊಸ್ಟಾಸಿಸ್ ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆತುಂಡು. ಇತ್ತೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ದ ಸಂಘೊಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಗೋಡೆಲೆಡ್ ಈ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊನು 1720ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಖಚಿತಪಡಿಸವುನ ಫಲಕೊಲೆನ್ ತೂವೊಲಿ.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Rick|date=2018-04-14|title=Rick The Traveller: Holy Trinity Tserkva in Zhovkva|url=http://rick-the-traveller.blogspot.com/2018/04/holy-trinity-tserkva-in-zhovkva.html|access-date=2020-08-28|website=Rick The Traveller}}</ref> ಜೂನ್ ೨೧, ೨೦೧೩ಡ್, ಕಂಬೋಡಿಯಾಡ್ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸಮಿತಿದ ೩೭ನೇ ಅಧಿವೇಶನೊಡು, ಪವಿತ್ರ ಟ್ರಿನಿಟಿ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ್ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ೧೬ ಪೊಲೆಂಡ್ ಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಪೇಥಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಮರತ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾಸ್ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡ್ ಸೇರುದುಂಡು.<ref>[http://www.istpravda.com.ua/short/2013/06/21/126746// Карпатські церкви стали спадщиною ЮНЕСКО // Українська правда / Історична правда. - Неділя, 23 червня 2013]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1424|title = Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine}}</ref> == ಚಿತ್ರೊ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ == <gallery mode="packed" heights="170"> File:Bell tower of Holy Trinity Church, Zhovkva (01).jpg|ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ File:Holy Trinity Church Zhovkva St.Michael.jpg|ಸಂತ ಮೈಕಲ್‌ದ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ File:Holy Trinity Church Zhovkva Holy Doors.JPG|ಪವಿತ್ರ ದ್ವಾರೊಲು File:Holy Trinity Church Zhovkva Iconostasis.JPG|ಐಕನೊಸ್ತಾಸಿಸ್ File:Holy Trinity Church Zhovkva Edessa Image.jpg|ಮಂಡೈಲಿಯನ್ File:Жовква панорама інтерєру.jpg|ಒಳಾಂಗಣದ ವಿಹಂಗಮ ನೋಟ File:Жовква 2, панорама інтерєру.jpg|ಒಳಾಂಗಣದ ವಿಹಂಗಮ ನೋಟ </gallery> == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{reflist}} [[Category:Churches in Zhovkva]] [[Category:Wooden tserkvas of Carpathian region in Poland and Ukraine]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Ukraine]] [[Category:Churches completed in 1720]] [[Category:Ukrainian Catholic church buildings in Ukraine]] [[Category:1720 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:Wooden churches in Ukraine]] q2qadre4ueqc9clv3sukjsr0ooxhti9 366854 366846 2026-08-24T08:21:19Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366854 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | name = ಝೋವ್ಕ್ವಾ – ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾ | image = Zolkiew Cerkiew Pr Trojce 02.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | caption = ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾ | location = [[ಝೋವ್ಕ್ವಾ]], [[ಲ್ವಿವ್ ರಾಯನ್]], [[ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]], [[ಉಕ್ರೇನ್]] | part_of = [[ಪೋಲಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕಾರ್ಪಾಥಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಮರದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾಸ್]] | criteria = (iii), (iv) | ID = 1424-016 | coordinates = {{coord|50|3|19.22|N|23|58|55.97|E|display=title,inline|format=dms}} | year = 2013 | area = {{convert|0.25|ha|acre|abbr=on}} | buffer_zone = {{convert|1.06|ha|acre|abbr=on}} }} '''ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾ''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್‌ದ ಝೋವ್ಕ್ವಾಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮರದ ಚರ್ಚ್. ಈ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾನು ೧೭೨೦ಡ್, ೧೭೧೭ಡ್ ಪೊತ್ತುದು ಪೋಯಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಪರತ್ತ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಉಂದು ಪೋಲಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕಾರ್ಪಾಥಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಮರೊದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾಸ್ ಪಂಡಿನ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣದ ೧೬ ಘಟಕೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1424 |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en }}</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾನು ೧೭೨೦ಡ್ ಪೊತ್ತುದು ಪೋಯಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಪರತ್ತ್ ಪ್ರಯಾಣಿಕ ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನು ನಗರೊದ ಗೋಡೆಲೆನ ಪೊರ್ತು, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ದ್ವಾರೊದ ಪೊರ್ತು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮರದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಶಿಂಗಲ್‌ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿದ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಉಲ್ಲೇಕ ಮಂದೆರ್<ref>{{Cite book |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |year=2013 |page=167 }}</ref> ೧೭೬೩ಡ್ ಫಾದರ್ ಮೈಕೊಲಾ ಶಾದುರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನು ಭೇಟಿ ಮಲ್ತ್, ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ರಚನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಅಲಂಕಾರೊಲೆನ ವಿವರೊನು ದಾಖಲ ಮಲ್ತಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಅಯಿತ್ ಮರದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯ, ಪೈನ್ ಮರೊದ ಗೋಡೆ, ಮೂಜಿ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು, ಕಿಟಕಿಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಉಲ್ಲೇಕ ಉಂಡು.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |year=2013 |page=167 }}</ref> == ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ == ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾ '''ಹಾಲಿಚ್ ಮಾದರಿದ''' ಮರದ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಂಡ್. ಕಟ್ಟಡೊನು ಸಮತಲ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಜೋಡಿಸುನ ಮರದ ದಿಮ್ಮಿಲೆಡ್ದ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ. ಉಂದು ಮೂಜಿ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡ ಒಂಜಿ ತ್ರಿಭಾಗೀಯ ಯೋಜನೆದ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಆದುಂಡು. ಮಧ್ಯದ ನಾವ್ ಚೌಕಾಕಾರದ ಆಕಾರೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಗರ್ಭಗುಡಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಾರ್ಥೆಕ್ಸ್ ಮಧ್ಯದ ಭಾಗೊಗಿಂತ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಅಗಲ ಇಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮೂಜಿ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಮೇಲ್ ಬೆಳಕು ಬರ್ಪುನ ಅಷ್ಟಭುಜಾಕಾರದ ರಚನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಣ್ಣ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮೂರು ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಉಂಡು.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |year=2013 |page=167 }}</ref> ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮರದ ರಚನೆಗ್ ಜಟಿಲವಾಯಿನ ಮರೊದ ಜೋಡಣೆ ತಂತ್ರ ಬಳಸಾದೆರ್. ಈ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊ ಕಾರ್ಪಾಥಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಮರದ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊನು ತೋರ್ಪುಂಡು. UNESCOದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಈ ರೀತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾಸ್‌ಲು ಪೂರ್ವ ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊನು ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಜೋಡಿಸುನ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಲು.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1424 |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en }}</ref> == ಐಕನೊಸ್ತಾಸಿಸ್ == ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ೧೮ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಸುರುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಐಕನೊಸ್ತಾಸಿಸ್ ಉಂಡು. ಅಯಿತ್ ಸುಮಾರ್ '''೫೦ ಐಕಾನ್‌ಲು''' ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಐಕಾನ್‌ಲು ಇವಾನ್ ರುಟ್ಕೊವಿಚ್‌ದ ಝೋವ್ಕ್ವಾ ಪೇಂಟಿಂಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾರ್ವಿಂಗ್ ಸ್ಕೂಲ್‌ಗ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟ ಕಲಾವಿದೆರ್ನ ಕೈತೋಡುದ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆತುಂಡು. ಐಕನೊಸ್ತಾಸಿಸ್‌ನು ಇಗ್ನಾಟಿ ಸ್ಟೊಬೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಲಿಂಡೆನ್ ಮರೊಡ್ದ್ ಕೆತ್ತನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೯೭೮–೧೯೭೯ಡ್ ಐಕನೊಸ್ತಾಸಿಸ್‌ಗ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |year=2013 |page=167 }}</ref> == ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ == ೧೯೭೮–೧೯೭೯ಡ್ ಐಕನೊಸ್ತಾಸಿಸ್‌ದ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ. ಈ ಕೆಲಸೊದ ಪೂರೈಕೆದ ಪುದರ್, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನು ಝೋವ್ಕ್ವಾ ಕಲೆದ ಒಂಜಿ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಆತ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತಿತ್ತೆರ್. ೧೯೯೦ರ ದಶಕದ ಮಧ್ಯಭಾಗಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನು ಪಿರಾವು ತನ್ನ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸಮುದಾಯಗ್ ಒಪ್ಪಿಸಾಯೆ. ಅಯಿತ್ ನಂತರ ಛಾವಣಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆಗ್ ಪೊಸ ಶಿಂಗಲ್‌ಲು ಪಾಡಾಯೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಐಕನೊಸ್ತಾಸಿಸ್‌ದ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮುಂದುವರಿಸಾಯೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |year=2013 |page=167 }}</ref> ೨೦೨೬ಡ್ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಕೇಂದ್ರವು ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗೋಡೆಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗ್ ಅಮೆರಿಕನ್ ಡಾಲರ್ ೧೬,೮೬೯ದ ನೆರವು ಅನುಮೋದನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಈ ಯೋಜನೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನು ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಮಹತ್ವದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಕಾರ್ಯೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Conservation and restoration of the wall paintings of the UNESCO World Heritage Property - Holy Trinity Church in Zhovkva |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/intassistance/3648/ |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en }}</ref> == ಇತ್ತೆದ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ == ಇತ್ತೆ ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮುದಾಯಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನು ಇಂದೆಗೂ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಮಹತ್ವ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾದೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1424 |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en }}</ref> == UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ == ೨೧ ಜೂನ್ ೨೦೧೩ಡ್ ಕಂಬೋಡಿಯಾಡ್ ನಡತಿನ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸಮಿತಿದ ೩೭ನೇ ಅಧಿವೇಶನೊಡು '''ಪೋಲಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕಾರ್ಪಾಥಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಮರದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾಸ್''' ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಪಟ್ಟಿಗ್ ಸೇರಾದೆರ್. ಈ ಸರಣಿ ತಾಣೊಡು ಒಟ್ಟು '''೧೬ ಮರದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾಸ್''' ಉಂಡು. ಅಯಿಟ್ ಝೋವ್ಕ್ವಾದ ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾಗ್ '''1424-016''' ಗುರುತು ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1424 |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en }}</ref> ಈ ಘಟಕೊದ ವಿಸ್ತೀರ್ಣ '''0.25 ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್''' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಫರ್ ವಲಯದ ವಿಸ್ತೀರ್ಣ '''1.06 ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್''' ಆಂಡ್. ಉಂದೆತ ಭೌಗೋಳಿಕ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕೊ {{coord|50|3|19.22|N|23|58|55.97|E|display=inline}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine – Maps |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1424/maps/ |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en }}</ref> ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊನು UNESCOದ '''(iii) ಬೊಕ್ಕ (iv)''' ಮಾನದಂಡೊಲೆನ ಆಧಾರಡ್ ಸೇರಾಯೆ. (iii) ಮಾನದಂಡೊಡು ಕಾರ್ಪಾಥಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆಗ್ ಈ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾಸ್‌ಲು ಕೊರ್ತಿನ ಸಾಕ್ಷ್ಯೊನು ಗುರುತಿಸಾಯೆ; (iv) ಮಾನದಂಡೊಡು ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ಮರದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಹಂತೊನು ತೋರ್ಪುನ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆನ ಗುಂಪು ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾದೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1424 |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en }}</ref> == ವಿಸ್ತೀರ್ಣ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಾನ == ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್‌ದ ಝೋವ್ಕ್ವಾಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಇದು ಲ್ವಿವ್ ರಾಯನ್‌ದ ಭಾಗ ಆಂಡ್. ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾದ UNESCO ಗುರುತಿಸಿದ ಆಸ್ತಿದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕೊ '''50°3′19.22″N 23°58′55.97″E'''. ಆಸ್ತಿದ ವಿಸ್ತೀರ್ಣ 0.25 ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಫರ್ ವಲಯ 1.06 ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine – Maps |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1424/maps/ |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en }}</ref> == ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆದ ಮಹತ್ವ == ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾ ಕಾರ್ಪಾಥಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಮರದ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಉದಾಹರಣೆ. ಮರದ ದಿಮ್ಮಿಲೆನ್ ಬಳಕೆ, ಮೂಜಿ ಭಾಗದ ಯೋಜನೆ, ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು, ಐಕನೊಸ್ತಾಸಿಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಳಾಂಗಣದ ಅಲಂಕಾರೊಲು ಈ ಕಟ್ಟಡದ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಮಹತ್ವೊನು ಹೆಚ್ಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು. UNESCOದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಕಾರ್ಪಾಥಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಈ ೧೬ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾಸ್‌ಲು ಪೂರ್ವ ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊನು ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಜೋಡಿಸುನ ಅಪರೂಪದ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಲು ಆದುಂಡು.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1424 |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en }}</ref> == ಚಿತ್ರೊ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ == <gallery mode="packed" heights="170"> File:Bell tower of Holy Trinity Church, Zhovkva (01).jpg|ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ File:Holy Trinity Church Zhovkva St.Michael.jpg|ಸಂತ ಮೈಕಲ್‌ದ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ File:Holy Trinity Church Zhovkva Holy Doors.JPG|ಪವಿತ್ರ ದ್ವಾರೊಲು File:Holy Trinity Church Zhovkva Iconostasis.JPG|ಐಕನೊಸ್ತಾಸಿಸ್ File:Holy Trinity Church Zhovkva Edessa Image.jpg|ಮಂಡೈಲಿಯನ್ File:Жовква панорама інтерєру.jpg|ಒಳಾಂಗಣದ ವಿಹಂಗಮ ನೋಟ File:Жовква 2, панорама інтерєру.jpg|ಒಳಾಂಗಣದ ಇನ್ನೊಂದು ವಿಹಂಗಮ ನೋಟ </gallery> == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Churches in Zhovkva]] [[Category:Wooden tserkvas of Carpathian region in Poland and Ukraine]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Ukraine]] [[Category:Churches completed in 1720]] [[Category:Ukrainian Catholic church buildings in Ukraine]] [[Category:1720 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:Wooden churches in Ukraine]] 453jwjm8vgno7ro7ilxp6lma3q4ghsi 366856 366854 2026-08-24T08:22:46Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 ಪುಟದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಮಾಹಿತಿಯನ್ನೂ ತಗೆಯುತ್ತಿರುವೆ 366856 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 366857 366856 2026-08-24T08:46:53Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366857 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | name = ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ | native_name = Struve Geodetic Arc | image = Hammerfest, fuglenes, memoriale per l'arco geodetico di struve, misurato a partire da qui, colonna 02.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | caption = ನಾರ್ವೆದ ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ತುದಿದ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ | location = ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ, ಬೆಲಾರಸ್, ಫಿನ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್, ಲಾತ್ವಿಯಾ, ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯಾ, ನಾರ್ವೆ, ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾ, ರಷ್ಯಾ, ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | coordinates = {{coord|59|3|28|N|26|20|16|E|display=title,inline|format=dms}} | criteria = (ii), (iii), (vi) | ID = 1187 | year = 2005 }} [[File:Tartu asv2022-04 img06 Old Observatory.jpg|thumb|right|ತರ್ತು ಹಳೆಯ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ, ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಸುರುತ ಬಿಂದು]] [[File:GoglandZ.jpg|thumb|right|ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ ಜೆಡ್, ಗೊಗ್ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್, ರಷ್ಯಾ]] [[File:Struve Geodetic Arc in Felshtyn.jpg|thumb|right|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಫೆಲ್ಶ್ಟಿನ್‌ಡ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ಫಲಕ]] [[File:Rudi IMG 4386.jpg|thumb|right|ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾದ ರುಡಿಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್]] '''ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್''' ({{langx|en|Struve Geodetic Arc}}) ಪಂಡ ನಾರ್ವೆಡ್ ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್‌ಡ್ದ್ ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಮುಟ್ಟ ಪತ್ತ್ ದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ ೨,೮೨೦ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ (೧,೭೫೦ ಮೈಲ್) ಮುಟ್ಟ ವ್ಯಾಪಿಸಾಯಿನ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ತ್ರಿಕೋನೊಲೆನ ಸರಪಳಿ. ಉಂದು ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ನು ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಅಳತೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊಡು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="nor"/> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಈ ಸರಪಳಿನ್ ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಮೂಲದ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನಿ [[ಫ್ರೆಡ್ರಿಚ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ವಿಲ್ಹೆಲ್ಮ್ ವಾನ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ]] ೧೮೧೬ ಡ್ದ್ ೧೮೫೫ ಮುಟ್ಟ [[ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ದೀರ್ಘವೃತ್ತ|ಭೂಮಿದ ನಿಖರ ಗಾತ್ರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಕಾರ]] ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಈ ಸರಪಳಿ ಮೂಜಿ ದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ಪಾಸ್ ಆಂಡ್: [[ನಾರ್ವೆ]], [[ಸ್ವೀಡನ್]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ [[ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ]]. ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಸುರುತ ಬಿಂದು [[ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ]]ಡ್ [[ಟಾರ್ಟು ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ]]ಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಅಲ್ಪ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ತನ್ನ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="nor"/> ತ್ರಿಕೋನ ಸರಪಳಿಡ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ೨೫೮ ಮುಖ್ಯ ತ್ರಿಕೋನೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೬೫ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಶಿರೋಭಾಗೊಲು ಇತ್ತಿತ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="UNESCO"/> ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ಬಿಂದು ನಾರ್ವೆದ ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತ ಉಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊದ ಬಿಂದು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ಹತ್ತರೆ ಉಂಡು. == ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ == ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಉದ್ದೇಶ ಭೂಮಿದ ಆಕಾರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗಾತ್ರೊನು ಅತ್ಯಂತ ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಅಳೆಪ್ಪುನದು ಆತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ವಿವಿಧ ಬೆಟ್ಟೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಥಳೊಲೆಡ್ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣೊಲೆನ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್, ಅಯಿತ್ ಆಧಾರಡ್ ತ್ರಿಕೋನಮಿತಿ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ಮೂಲಕ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಉದ್ದೊನು ಅಳೆಪ್ಪುನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭೂಮಿದ ಧ್ರುವೀಯ ಚಪ್ಪಟೆತನೊನು ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಯೆ. == UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ == ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ನು [[ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿ]]ಗ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಜಿಯೋಡೆಸಿಡ್ ಈ ತಾಣೊದ ಮಹತ್ವ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿವಿಧ ದೇಶೊಲೆನ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಹಕಾರೊದ ಸಾಕ್ಷ್ಯ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ UNESCO ಗುರುತಿಸ್ತುಂಡು.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1187 |title=Struve Geodetic Arc |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |access-date=11 September 2021 }}</ref> ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಡು ಮೂಲ ೨೬೫ ಮುಖ್ಯ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣೊಲೆಡ್ ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ೩೪ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಬಿಂದುಲು ಉಂಡು. ಅಯಿತ್ ಕಲ್ಲ್‌ಡ್ ಕೊರೆಯಿನ ಗುರುತುಲು, ಕಬ್ಬಿಣದ ಶಿಲುಬೆಲು, ಕಲ್ಲ್ ರಾಶಿಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಸೇರ್ದುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ ಪತ್ತ್ ದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ ಹರಡಿದ್ದುಂಡು. ಉಂದು UNESCOದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸರಣಿ ತಾಣೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="UNESCO"/> == ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಮಹತ್ವ == ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ ೧೯ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಸಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭೂಮಿದ ಅಳತೆದ ಇತಿಹಾಸೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಸಾಧನೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಈ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲೆನ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ಭೂಮಿದ ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಧ್ರುವೀಯ ಚಪ್ಪಟೆತನೊನು ಆ ಕಾಲೊದ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನೊಡು ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಯಿನಷ್ಟು ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. == ಸರಣಿ == === ನಾರ್ವೆ === * [[ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್]]ಡ್, [[ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್]] ({{coord|70|40|12|N|23|39|48|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> * ರೈಪಾಸ್, [[ಆಲ್ಟಾ ಪುರಸಭೆ|ಆಲ್ಟಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|69|56|19|N|23|21|37|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> * ಲುವ್ದೀದ್‌ಚೋಹ್ಕಾ, [[ಕೌಟೋಕೈನೊ ಪುರಸಭೆ|ಕೌಟೋಕೈನೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|69|39|52|N|23|36|08|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> * ಬೈಲ್ಜಸ್ವಾರಿ, ಕೌಟೋಕೈನೊಡ್ ({{coord|69|01|43|N|23|18|19|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> === ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ === * "ಪೈತಾಸ್-ವಾರಾ" ([[ಟಿನ್ನಿರಿಲಾಕಿ]]), [[ಕಿರುನಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|68|15|18|N|22|58|59|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) * "ಕೆರುಜುಪುಕ್ಕಾ" ([[ಜುಪುಕ್ಕಾ]]), [[ಪಜಾಲಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|67|16|36|N|23|14|35|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) * [[ಪುಲ್ಲಿಂಕಿ]], [[ಓವರ್‌ಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|66|38|47|N|23|46|55|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) * "ಪೆರ್ರಾ-ವಾರಾ" ([[ಪೆರಾವಾರಾ]]), [[ಹಾಪರಾಂಡಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|66|1|5|N|23|55|21|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) === ಫಿನ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ === * ಸ್ಟುಯೋರ್-ಒಯಿವಿ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಸ್ಟುಯೊರ್ರಹಾನೊಆಯಿವಿ]]), [[ಎನೊಂಟೆಕಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|68|40|57|N|22|44|45|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಅವಸಾಕ್ಸಾ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಆವಾಸಾಕ್ಸಾ]]), [[ಯ್ಲಿಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|66|23|52|N|23|43|31|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ (ಇತ್ತೆ ಅಲಾಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ ಚರ್ಚ್), [[ಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|65|49|48|N|24|09|26|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಪುಒಲಕ್ಕಾ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಒರವಿವೌರಿ]]), [[ಕೋರ್ಪಿಲಾಹ್ತಿ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|61|55|36|N|25|32|01|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಪೊರ್ಲೋಮ್ II (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಟೋರ್ನಿಕಾಲ್ಲಿಯೊ]]), [[ಲಾಪಿಂಜಾರ್ವಿ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|60|42|17|N|26|00|12|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಸ್ವಾರ್ಟ್ವಿರಾ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಮುಸ್ತಾವೀರಿ]]), [[ಪಿಹ್ತಾಯಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|60|16|35|N|26|36|12|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) === ರಷ್ಯಾ === * "ಮಾಕಿ-ಪಾಲಿಸ್" ([[ಮಾಕಿಪಾಲ್ಲಿಸ್]]) — ೧೯೧೭/೧೯೨೦–೧೯೪೦ರ ಅವಧಿಡ್ ಫಿನ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್‌ದ ಭಾಗ — [[ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್]] (ಸುರ್ಸಾರಿ) ({{coord|60|4|27|N|26|58|11|E}}) * "ಹೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್, Z" (ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್, ತೋಚ್ಕಾ Z), [[ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|60|5|9.8|N|26|57|37.5|E|type:landmark_region:RU}}) === ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ === * "ವೊಯಿಬಿಫರ್" ([[ವೊಯಿವೆರೆ]]), ವೈಕೆ-ಮಾರ್ಯ ಪ್ಯಾರಿಷ್‌ಡ್ ({{coord|59|03|28|N|26|20|16|E|type:landmark_region:EE}}) * "ಕಾಟ್ಕೊ" ([[ಸಿಮುನಾ, ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ|ಸಿಮುನಾ]]), ವೈಕೆ-ಮಾರ್ಯ ಪ್ಯಾರಿಷ್‌ಡ್ ({{coord|59|02|54|N|26|24|51|E|type:landmark_region:EE}}) * "ಡೋರ್ಪಾಟ್" ([[ಟಾರ್ಟು ಹಳೆಯ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ]]), [[ಟಾರ್ಟು]]ಡ್ ({{coord|58|22|43.64|N|26|43|12.61|E|type:landmark_region:EE}}) === ಲಾತ್ವಿಯಾ === * "ಸೆಸ್ಟು-ಕಾಲ್ನ್ಸ್" (ಜಿಯೆಸ್ಟು), [[ಎರ್ಗ್ಳು]]ಡ್ ({{coord|56|50|24|N|25|38|12|E|type:landmark_region:LV}}) * "ಯಾಕೋಬ್ಸ್ಟಾಡ್ಟ್", [[ಯೇಕಾಬ್ಪಿಲ್ಸ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|56|30|05|N|25|51|24|E|type:landmark_region:LV}}) === ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯಾ === * "ಕಾರಿಶ್ಕಿ" (ಗಿರೆಯಿಶಿಯಾಯ್), [[ಪನೆಮುನೆಲಿಸ್]]ದ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊಡು ({{coord|55|54|09|N|25|26|12|E|type:landmark_region:LT}}) * "ಮೆಶ್ಕಾಂಜಿ" (ಮೆಶ್ಕೋನಿಸ್), [[ನೆಮೆಂಚಿನೆ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|54|55|51|N|25|19|00|E|type:landmark_region:LT}}) * "ಬೆರೆಸ್ನ್ಯಾಕಿ" (ಪಾಲಿಯೆಪಿಯುಕೈ), [[ನೆಮೆಜಿಸ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|54|38|04|N|25|25|45|E|type:landmark_region:LT}}) === ಬೆಲಾರಸ್ === * "ಟುಪಿಶ್ಕಿ" (ಟುಪಿಶ್ಕಿ), [[ಅಶ್ಮ್ಯಾನಿ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|54|17|30|N|26|2|43|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಲೋಪಾಟಿ" (ಲೋಪಾಟಿ), [[ಝೆಲ್ವಾ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|53|33|38|N|24|52|11|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಒಸ್ಸೋವ್ನಿಟ್ಸಾ" (ಒಸ್ಸೊವ್ನಿಟ್ಸಾ), [[ಇವಾನೊವೊ (ಬೆಲಾರಸ್)|ಇವಾನೊವೊ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|52|17|22|N|25|38|58|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಚೆಕುಟ್ಸ್ಕ್" (ಚೆಕುಟ್ಸ್ಕ್), ಇವಾನೊವೊ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|52|12|28|N|25|33|23|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಲೆಸ್ಕೊವಿಟ್ಸ್ಚಿ" (ಲೆಸ್ಕೊವಿಚಿ), ಇವಾನೊವೊ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|52|9|39|N|25|34|17|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) === ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾ === * "[[ರುಡಿ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್|ರುಡಿ]]" — ವಾನ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆದ spellingಡ್ "Rudy" — [[ರುಡಿ, ಸೊರೊಕಾ|ರುಡಿ]] ಊರ್ದ ಹತ್ತರೆ, ಸೊರೊಕಾ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|48|19|08|N|27|52|36|E|type:landmark_region:MD}}) === ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ === * ಕಟೆರಿನಿವ್ಕಾ, [[ಆಂಟೋನಿವ್ಕಾ, ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್|ಆಂಟೋನಿವ್ಕಾ]], [[ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|49|33|57|N|26|45|22|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) * ಫೆಲ್ಶ್ಟಿನ್, [[ಹ್ವಾರ್ದಿಸ್ಕೆ, ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|49|19|48|N|26|40|55|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) * ಬರಾನಿವ್ಕಾ, [[ಬರಾನಿವ್ಕಾ, ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|49|08|55|N|26|59|30|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) * ಸ್ಟಾರೊ-ನೆಕ್ರಾಸಿವ್ಕಾ, [[ಸ್ಟಾರಾ ನೆಕ್ರಾಸಿವ್ಕಾ]], [[ಒಡೆಸಾ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|45|19|57.5|N|28|55|40|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) == ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲು == === ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲು === ೧೮೫೮ಡ್ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ ಆಯಿನ ಅಳತೆದ ಆಧಾರಡ್ ಭೂಮಿದ ಚಪ್ಪಟೆತನೊನು ೨೯೪.೨೬ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಭೂಮಿದ ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯ ೬,೩೭೮,೩೬೦.೭ ಮೀಟರ್ (೨೦,೯೨೬,೩೮೦ ಅಡಿ) ಪಂದ್ ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="nor">[[Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage]], Dronningensg 13, P.O.Box 8196, Dep. 0034, [[Oslo]], Norway (2005), ''Norwegian Points on The Struve Geodetic Arc'' (pamphlet)</ref> === ಆಧುನಿಕ ಅಳತೆ === ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಉಪಗ್ರಹ ನ್ಯಾವಿಗೇಷನ್ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನೊನು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ಈ ಬೇಲೆನ್ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಲಾಟೆನಿಂಗ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ೨೯೮.೨೫೭ ೨೨೨ ೧೦೧ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯ ೬,೩೭೮,೧೩೬.೮ ಮೀಟರ್ (೨೦,೯೨೫,೬೪೬ ಅಡಿ) ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> ದುಂಬುದ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ ೧೭೪೦ಡ್ ೧೭೮ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಫ್ಲಾಟೆನಿಂಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೬,೩೯೬,೮೦೦ ಮೀಟರ್ (೨೦,೯೮೬,೯೦೦ ಅಡಿ) ವಿಷುವತ್ತ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯೊನು ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> === ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಅಳತೆಲು === * '''ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ಬಿಂದು:''' ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್ (ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್) — ೭೦° ೪೦′ ೧೧.೨೩″ ಉತ್ತರ<ref name="nor"/> * '''ಅತ್ಯಂತ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊದ ಬಿಂದು:''' ಇಸ್ಮಾಯಿಲ್ (ಸ್ಟಾರೊ-ನೆಕ್ರಾಸೊವ್ಕಾ) — ೪೫° ೨೦′ ೦೨.೯೪″ ಉತ್ತರ<ref name="nor"/> * '''ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಅಕ್ಷಾಂಶೊಡು ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸ:''' ೨೫° ೨೦′ ೦೮.೨೯″<ref name="nor"/> * '''ಒಟ್ಟು ದೂರ:''' ೨,೮೨೧.೮೫೩ ± ೦.೦೧೨ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್<ref name="nor"/> == ಉಂದೆನುಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * [[ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್]] == ಚಿತ್ರೊ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ == <gallery mode="packed" heights="180"> File:Tartu asv2022-04 img06 Old Observatory.jpg|ಟಾರ್ಟು ಹಳೆಯ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ File:GoglandZ.jpg|ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್‌ದ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ Z File:Struve Geodetic Arc in Felshtyn.jpg|ಫೆಲ್ಶ್ಟಿನ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ಫಲಕ File:Rudi IMG 4386.jpg|ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾದ ರುಡಿದ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ File:Hammerfest, fuglenes, memoriale per l'arco geodetico di struve, misurato a partire da qui, colonna 02.jpg|ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ </gallery> == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲುಲು == {{Commons|Struve Geodetic Arc}} * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1187 ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ — UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಕೇಂದ್ರ] * [https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/1187.pdf UNESCOದ ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನ ವರದಿ] * [http://www.fig.net/news/news_2004/struve.htm FIG – ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ ಆವೊಡ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾಪ] * [http://www.fig.net/hsm/struve/struve_arc_smith_2005.pdf J. R. Smith – The Struve Geodetic Arc] * [http://struvearc.lv Latvia Struve Arc ವೆಬ್‌ಸೈಟ್] * [http://post.ee/?id=1595&product_id=8192&c_tpl=1019 ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ಗ್ ಸಮರ್ಪಿತ ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ಅಂಚೆ ಚೀಟಿ] == ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == * [[ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್]] {{Navboxes |list = {{World Heritage Sites in Belarus}} {{World Heritage Sites in Estonia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Finland}} {{World Heritage Sites in Latvia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Lithuania}} {{World Heritage Sites in Moldova}} {{World Heritage Sites in Norway}} {{World Heritage Sites in Russia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Sweden}} {{World Heritage Sites in Ukraine}} }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Struve Geodetic Arc]] [[Category:Geodetic surveys]] [[Category:Tartu]] [[Category:Väike-Maarja Parish]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Belarus]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Estonia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Finland]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Latvia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Lithuania]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Moldova]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Norway]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Russia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Sweden]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Ukraine]] [[Category:Struve family]] nlol27e3rpurt5d05immybby92gf1ep 366861 366857 2026-08-24T08:59:31Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* */ 366861 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | name = ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ | native_name = Struve Geodetic Arc | image = Hammerfest, fuglenes, memoriale per l'arco geodetico di struve, misurato a partire da qui, colonna 02.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | caption = ನಾರ್ವೆದ ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ತುದಿದ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ | location = ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ, ಬೆಲಾರಸ್, ಫಿನ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್, ಲಾತ್ವಿಯಾ, ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯಾ, ನಾರ್ವೆ, ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾ, ರಷ್ಯಾ, ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | coordinates = {{coord|59|3|28|N|26|20|16|E|display=title,inline|format=dms}} | criteria = (ii), (iii), (vi) | ID = 1187 | year = 2005 }} [[File:Tartu asv2022-04 img06 Old Observatory.jpg|thumb|right|ತರ್ತು ಪರತ್ತ್ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ, ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಸುರುತ ಬಿಂದು]] [[File:GoglandZ.jpg|thumb|right|ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ ಜೆಡ್, ಗೊಗ್ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್, ರಷ್ಯಾ]] [[File:Struve Geodetic Arc in Felshtyn.jpg|thumb|right|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಫೆಲ್ಶ್ಟಿನ್‌ಡ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ಫಲಕ]] [[File:Rudi IMG 4386.jpg|thumb|right|ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾದ ರುಡಿಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್]] '''ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್''' ({{langx|en|Struve Geodetic Arc}}) ಪಂಡ ನಾರ್ವೆಡ್ ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್‌ಡ್ದ್ ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಮುಟ್ಟ ಪತ್ತ್ ದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ ೨,೮೨೦ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ (೧,೭೫೦ ಮೈಲ್) ಮುಟ್ಟ ವ್ಯಾಪಿಸಾಯಿನ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ತ್ರಿಕೋನೊಲೆನ ಸರಪಳಿ. ಉಂದು ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ನು ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಅಳತೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊಡು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="nor"/> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಈ ಸರಪಳಿನ್ ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಮೂಲದ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನಿ [[ಫ್ರೆಡ್ರಿಚ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ವಿಲ್ಹೆಲ್ಮ್ ವಾನ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ]] ೧೮೧೬ ಡ್ದ್ ೧೮೫೫ ಮುಟ್ಟ [[ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ದೀರ್ಘವೃತ್ತ|ಭೂಮಿದ ನಿಖರ ಗಾತ್ರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಕಾರ]] ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಈ ಸರಪಳಿ ಮೂಜಿ ದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ಪಾಸ್ ಆಂಡ್: [[ನಾರ್ವೆ]], [[ಸ್ವೀಡನ್]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ [[ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ]]. ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಸುರುತ ಬಿಂದು [[ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ]]ಡ್ [[ಟಾರ್ಟು ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ]]ಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಅಲ್ಪ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ತನ್ನ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="nor"/> ತ್ರಿಕೋನ ಸರಪಳಿಡ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ೨೫೮ ಮುಖ್ಯ ತ್ರಿಕೋನೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೬೫ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಶಿರೋಭಾಗೊಲು ಇತ್ತಿತ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="UNESCO"/> ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ಬಿಂದು ನಾರ್ವೆದ ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತ ಉಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊದ ಬಿಂದು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ಹತ್ತರೆ ಉಂಡು. == ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ == ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಉದ್ದೇಶ ಭೂಮಿದ ಆಕಾರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗಾತ್ರೊನು ಅತ್ಯಂತ ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಅಳೆಪ್ಪುನದು ಆತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ವಿವಿಧ ಬೆಟ್ಟೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಥಳೊಲೆಡ್ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣೊಲೆನ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್, ಅಯಿತ್ ಆಧಾರಡ್ ತ್ರಿಕೋನಮಿತಿ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ಮೂಲಕ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಉದ್ದೊನು ಅಳೆಪ್ಪುನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭೂಮಿದ ಧ್ರುವೀಯ ಚಪ್ಪಟೆತನೊನು ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಯೆ. == UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ == ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ನು [[ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿ]]ಗ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಜಿಯೋಡೆಸಿಡ್ ಈ ತಾಣೊದ ಮಹತ್ವ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿವಿಧ ದೇಶೊಲೆನ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಹಕಾರೊದ ಸಾಕ್ಷ್ಯ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ UNESCO ಗುರುತಿಸ್ತುಂಡು.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1187 |title=Struve Geodetic Arc |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |access-date=11 September 2021 }}</ref> ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಡು ಮೂಲ ೨೬೫ ಮುಖ್ಯ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣೊಲೆಡ್ ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ೩೪ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಬಿಂದುಲು ಉಂಡು. ಅಯಿತ್ ಕಲ್ಲ್‌ಡ್ ಕೊರೆಯಿನ ಗುರುತುಲು, ಕಬ್ಬಿಣದ ಶಿಲುಬೆಲು, ಕಲ್ಲ್ ರಾಶಿಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಸೇರ್ದುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ ಪತ್ತ್ ದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ ಹರಡಿದ್ದುಂಡು. ಉಂದು UNESCOದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸರಣಿ ತಾಣೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="UNESCO"/> == ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಮಹತ್ವ == ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ ೧೯ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಸಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭೂಮಿದ ಅಳತೆದ ಇತಿಹಾಸೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಸಾಧನೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಈ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲೆನ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ಭೂಮಿದ ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಧ್ರುವೀಯ ಚಪ್ಪಟೆತನೊನು ಆ ಕಾಲೊದ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನೊಡು ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಯಿನಷ್ಟು ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. == ಸರಣಿ == === ನಾರ್ವೆ === * [[ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್]]ಡ್, [[ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್]] ({{coord|70|40|12|N|23|39|48|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> * ರೈಪಾಸ್, [[ಆಲ್ಟಾ ಪುರಸಭೆ|ಆಲ್ಟಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|69|56|19|N|23|21|37|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> * ಲುವ್ದೀದ್‌ಚೋಹ್ಕಾ, [[ಕೌಟೋಕೈನೊ ಪುರಸಭೆ|ಕೌಟೋಕೈನೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|69|39|52|N|23|36|08|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> * ಬೈಲ್ಜಸ್ವಾರಿ, ಕೌಟೋಕೈನೊಡ್ ({{coord|69|01|43|N|23|18|19|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> === ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ === * "ಪೈತಾಸ್-ವಾರಾ" ([[ಟಿನ್ನಿರಿಲಾಕಿ]]), [[ಕಿರುನಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|68|15|18|N|22|58|59|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) * "ಕೆರುಜುಪುಕ್ಕಾ" ([[ಜುಪುಕ್ಕಾ]]), [[ಪಜಾಲಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|67|16|36|N|23|14|35|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) * [[ಪುಲ್ಲಿಂಕಿ]], [[ಓವರ್‌ಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|66|38|47|N|23|46|55|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) * "ಪೆರ್ರಾ-ವಾರಾ" ([[ಪೆರಾವಾರಾ]]), [[ಹಾಪರಾಂಡಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|66|1|5|N|23|55|21|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) === ಫಿನ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ === * ಸ್ಟುಯೋರ್-ಒಯಿವಿ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಸ್ಟುಯೊರ್ರಹಾನೊಆಯಿವಿ]]), [[ಎನೊಂಟೆಕಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|68|40|57|N|22|44|45|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಅವಸಾಕ್ಸಾ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಆವಾಸಾಕ್ಸಾ]]), [[ಯ್ಲಿಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|66|23|52|N|23|43|31|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ (ಇತ್ತೆ ಅಲಾಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ ಚರ್ಚ್), [[ಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|65|49|48|N|24|09|26|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಪುಒಲಕ್ಕಾ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಒರವಿವೌರಿ]]), [[ಕೋರ್ಪಿಲಾಹ್ತಿ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|61|55|36|N|25|32|01|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಪೊರ್ಲೋಮ್ II (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಟೋರ್ನಿಕಾಲ್ಲಿಯೊ]]), [[ಲಾಪಿಂಜಾರ್ವಿ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|60|42|17|N|26|00|12|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಸ್ವಾರ್ಟ್ವಿರಾ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಮುಸ್ತಾವೀರಿ]]), [[ಪಿಹ್ತಾಯಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|60|16|35|N|26|36|12|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) === ರಷ್ಯಾ === * "ಮಾಕಿ-ಪಾಲಿಸ್" ([[ಮಾಕಿಪಾಲ್ಲಿಸ್]]) — ೧೯೧೭/೧೯೨೦–೧೯೪೦ರ ಅವಧಿಡ್ ಫಿನ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್‌ದ ಭಾಗ — [[ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್]] (ಸುರ್ಸಾರಿ) ({{coord|60|4|27|N|26|58|11|E}}) * "ಹೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್, Z" (ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್, ತೋಚ್ಕಾ Z), [[ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|60|5|9.8|N|26|57|37.5|E|type:landmark_region:RU}}) === ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ === * "ವೊಯಿಬಿಫರ್" ([[ವೊಯಿವೆರೆ]]), ವೈಕೆ-ಮಾರ್ಯ ಪ್ಯಾರಿಷ್‌ಡ್ ({{coord|59|03|28|N|26|20|16|E|type:landmark_region:EE}}) * "ಕಾಟ್ಕೊ" ([[ಸಿಮುನಾ, ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ|ಸಿಮುನಾ]]), ವೈಕೆ-ಮಾರ್ಯ ಪ್ಯಾರಿಷ್‌ಡ್ ({{coord|59|02|54|N|26|24|51|E|type:landmark_region:EE}}) * "ಡೋರ್ಪಾಟ್" ([[ಟಾರ್ಟು ಹಳೆಯ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ]]), [[ಟಾರ್ಟು]]ಡ್ ({{coord|58|22|43.64|N|26|43|12.61|E|type:landmark_region:EE}}) === ಲಾತ್ವಿಯಾ === * "ಸೆಸ್ಟು-ಕಾಲ್ನ್ಸ್" (ಜಿಯೆಸ್ಟು), [[ಎರ್ಗ್ಳು]]ಡ್ ({{coord|56|50|24|N|25|38|12|E|type:landmark_region:LV}}) * "ಯಾಕೋಬ್ಸ್ಟಾಡ್ಟ್", [[ಯೇಕಾಬ್ಪಿಲ್ಸ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|56|30|05|N|25|51|24|E|type:landmark_region:LV}}) === ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯಾ === * "ಕಾರಿಶ್ಕಿ" (ಗಿರೆಯಿಶಿಯಾಯ್), [[ಪನೆಮುನೆಲಿಸ್]]ದ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊಡು ({{coord|55|54|09|N|25|26|12|E|type:landmark_region:LT}}) * "ಮೆಶ್ಕಾಂಜಿ" (ಮೆಶ್ಕೋನಿಸ್), [[ನೆಮೆಂಚಿನೆ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|54|55|51|N|25|19|00|E|type:landmark_region:LT}}) * "ಬೆರೆಸ್ನ್ಯಾಕಿ" (ಪಾಲಿಯೆಪಿಯುಕೈ), [[ನೆಮೆಜಿಸ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|54|38|04|N|25|25|45|E|type:landmark_region:LT}}) === ಬೆಲಾರಸ್ === * "ಟುಪಿಶ್ಕಿ" (ಟುಪಿಶ್ಕಿ), [[ಅಶ್ಮ್ಯಾನಿ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|54|17|30|N|26|2|43|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಲೋಪಾಟಿ" (ಲೋಪಾಟಿ), [[ಝೆಲ್ವಾ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|53|33|38|N|24|52|11|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಒಸ್ಸೋವ್ನಿಟ್ಸಾ" (ಒಸ್ಸೊವ್ನಿಟ್ಸಾ), [[ಇವಾನೊವೊ (ಬೆಲಾರಸ್)|ಇವಾನೊವೊ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|52|17|22|N|25|38|58|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಚೆಕುಟ್ಸ್ಕ್" (ಚೆಕುಟ್ಸ್ಕ್), ಇವಾನೊವೊ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|52|12|28|N|25|33|23|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಲೆಸ್ಕೊವಿಟ್ಸ್ಚಿ" (ಲೆಸ್ಕೊವಿಚಿ), ಇವಾನೊವೊ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|52|9|39|N|25|34|17|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) === ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾ === * "[[ರುಡಿ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್|ರುಡಿ]]" — ವಾನ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆದ spellingಡ್ "Rudy" — [[ರುಡಿ, ಸೊರೊಕಾ|ರುಡಿ]] ಊರ್ದ ಹತ್ತರೆ, ಸೊರೊಕಾ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|48|19|08|N|27|52|36|E|type:landmark_region:MD}}) === ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ === * ಕಟೆರಿನಿವ್ಕಾ, [[ಆಂಟೋನಿವ್ಕಾ, ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್|ಆಂಟೋನಿವ್ಕಾ]], [[ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|49|33|57|N|26|45|22|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) * ಫೆಲ್ಶ್ಟಿನ್, [[ಹ್ವಾರ್ದಿಸ್ಕೆ, ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|49|19|48|N|26|40|55|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) * ಬರಾನಿವ್ಕಾ, [[ಬರಾನಿವ್ಕಾ, ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|49|08|55|N|26|59|30|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) * ಸ್ಟಾರೊ-ನೆಕ್ರಾಸಿವ್ಕಾ, [[ಸ್ಟಾರಾ ನೆಕ್ರಾಸಿವ್ಕಾ]], [[ಒಡೆಸಾ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|45|19|57.5|N|28|55|40|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) == ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲು == === ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲು === ೧೮೫೮ಡ್ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ ಆಯಿನ ಅಳತೆದ ಆಧಾರಡ್ ಭೂಮಿದ ಚಪ್ಪಟೆತನೊನು ೨೯೪.೨೬ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಭೂಮಿದ ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯ ೬,೩೭೮,೩೬೦.೭ ಮೀಟರ್ (೨೦,೯೨೬,೩೮೦ ಅಡಿ) ಪಂದ್ ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="nor">[[Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage]], Dronningensg 13, P.O.Box 8196, Dep. 0034, [[Oslo]], Norway (2005), ''Norwegian Points on The Struve Geodetic Arc'' (pamphlet)</ref> === ಆಧುನಿಕ ಅಳತೆ === ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಉಪಗ್ರಹ ನ್ಯಾವಿಗೇಷನ್ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನೊನು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ಈ ಬೇಲೆನ್ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಲಾಟೆನಿಂಗ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ೨೯೮.೨೫೭ ೨೨೨ ೧೦೧ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯ ೬,೩೭೮,೧೩೬.೮ ಮೀಟರ್ (೨೦,೯೨೫,೬೪೬ ಅಡಿ) ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> ದುಂಬುದ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ ೧೭೪೦ಡ್ ೧೭೮ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಫ್ಲಾಟೆನಿಂಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೬,೩೯೬,೮೦೦ ಮೀಟರ್ (೨೦,೯೮೬,೯೦೦ ಅಡಿ) ವಿಷುವತ್ತ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯೊನು ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> === ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಅಳತೆಲು === * '''ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ಬಿಂದು:''' ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್ (ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್) — ೭೦° ೪೦′ ೧೧.೨೩″ ಉತ್ತರ<ref name="nor"/> * '''ಅತ್ಯಂತ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊದ ಬಿಂದು:''' ಇಸ್ಮಾಯಿಲ್ (ಸ್ಟಾರೊ-ನೆಕ್ರಾಸೊವ್ಕಾ) — ೪೫° ೨೦′ ೦೨.೯೪″ ಉತ್ತರ<ref name="nor"/> * '''ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಅಕ್ಷಾಂಶೊಡು ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸ:''' ೨೫° ೨೦′ ೦೮.೨೯″<ref name="nor"/> * '''ಒಟ್ಟು ದೂರ:''' ೨,೮೨೧.೮೫೩ ± ೦.೦೧೨ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್<ref name="nor"/> == ಉಂದೆನುಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * [[ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್]] == ಚಿತ್ರೊ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ == <gallery mode="packed" heights="180"> File:Tartu asv2022-04 img06 Old Observatory.jpg|ಟಾರ್ಟು ಹಳೆಯ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ File:GoglandZ.jpg|ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್‌ದ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ Z File:Struve Geodetic Arc in Felshtyn.jpg|ಫೆಲ್ಶ್ಟಿನ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ಫಲಕ File:Rudi IMG 4386.jpg|ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾದ ರುಡಿದ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ File:Hammerfest, fuglenes, memoriale per l'arco geodetico di struve, misurato a partire da qui, colonna 02.jpg|ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ </gallery> == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲುಲು == {{Commons|Struve Geodetic Arc}} * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1187 ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ — UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಕೇಂದ್ರ] * [https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/1187.pdf UNESCOದ ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನ ವರದಿ] * [http://www.fig.net/news/news_2004/struve.htm FIG – ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ ಆವೊಡ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾಪ] * [http://www.fig.net/hsm/struve/struve_arc_smith_2005.pdf J. R. Smith – The Struve Geodetic Arc] * [http://struvearc.lv Latvia Struve Arc ವೆಬ್‌ಸೈಟ್] * [http://post.ee/?id=1595&product_id=8192&c_tpl=1019 ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ಗ್ ಸಮರ್ಪಿತ ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ಅಂಚೆ ಚೀಟಿ] == ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == * [[ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್]] {{Navboxes |list = {{World Heritage Sites in Belarus}} {{World Heritage Sites in Estonia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Finland}} {{World Heritage Sites in Latvia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Lithuania}} {{World Heritage Sites in Moldova}} {{World Heritage Sites in Norway}} {{World Heritage Sites in Russia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Sweden}} {{World Heritage Sites in Ukraine}} }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Struve Geodetic Arc]] [[Category:Geodetic surveys]] [[Category:Tartu]] [[Category:Väike-Maarja Parish]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Belarus]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Estonia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Finland]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Latvia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Lithuania]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Moldova]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Norway]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Russia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Sweden]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Ukraine]] [[Category:Struve family]] 13rm8op5uqr1q2luirjk4c45wydaw7d 366862 366861 2026-08-24T09:01:07Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* */ 366862 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | name = ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ | native_name = Struve Geodetic Arc | image = Hammerfest, fuglenes, memoriale per l'arco geodetico di struve, misurato a partire da qui, colonna 02.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | caption = ನಾರ್ವೆದ ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ತುದಿದ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ | location = ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ, ಬೆಲಾರಸ್, ಫಿನ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್, ಲಾತ್ವಿಯಾ, ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯಾ, ನಾರ್ವೆ, ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾ, ರಷ್ಯಾ, ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | coordinates = {{coord|59|3|28|N|26|20|16|E|display=title,inline|format=dms}} | criteria = (ii), (iii), (vi) | ID = 1187 | year = 2005 }} [[File:Tartu asv2022-04 img06 Old Observatory.jpg|thumb|right|ತರ್ತು ಪರತ್ತ್ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ, ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಸುರುತ ಬಿಂದು]] [[File:GoglandZ.jpg|thumb|right|ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ ಜೆಡ್, ಗೊಗ್ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್, ರಷ್ಯಾ]] [[File:Struve Geodetic Arc in Felshtyn.jpg|thumb|right|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಫೆಲ್ಶ್ಟಿನ್‌ಡ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ಫಲಕ]] [[File:Rudi IMG 4386.jpg|thumb|right|ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾದ ರುಡಿಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್]] '''ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್''' ({{langx|en|Struve Geodetic Arc}}) ಪಂಡ ನಾರ್ವೆಡ್ ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್‌ಡ್ದ್ ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರೊ ಮಟ್ಟೊಡು ೨,೮೨೦ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ (೧,೭೫೦ ಮೈಲ್) ಮುಟ್ಟ ವ್ಯಾಪಿಸಾಯಿನ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ತ್ರಿಕೋನೊಲೆನ ಸರಪಳಿ. ಉಂದು ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ನು ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಅಳತೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊಡು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಈ ಸರಪಳಿನ್ ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಮೂಲದ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನಿ [[ಫ್ರೆಡ್ರಿಚ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ವಿಲ್ಹೆಲ್ಮ್ ವಾನ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ]] ೧೮೧೬ ಡ್ದ್ ೧೮೫೫ ಮುಟ್ಟ [[ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ದೀರ್ಘವೃತ್ತ|ಭೂಮಿದ ನಿಖರ ಗಾತ್ರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಕಾರ]] ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಈ ಸರಪಳಿ ಮೂಜಿ ದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ಪಾಸ್ ಆಂಡ್: [[ನಾರ್ವೆ]], [[ಸ್ವೀಡನ್]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ [[ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ]]. ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಸುರುತ ಬಿಂದು [[ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ]]ಡ್ [[ಟಾರ್ಟು ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ]]ಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಅಲ್ಪ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ತನ್ನ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="nor"/> ತ್ರಿಕೋನ ಸರಪಳಿಡ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ೨೫೮ ಮುಖ್ಯ ತ್ರಿಕೋನೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೬೫ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಶಿರೋಭಾಗೊಲು ಇತ್ತಿತ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="UNESCO"/> ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ಬಿಂದು ನಾರ್ವೆದ ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತ ಉಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊದ ಬಿಂದು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ಹತ್ತರೆ ಉಂಡು. == ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ == ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಉದ್ದೇಶ ಭೂಮಿದ ಆಕಾರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗಾತ್ರೊನು ಅತ್ಯಂತ ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಅಳೆಪ್ಪುನದು ಆತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ವಿವಿಧ ಬೆಟ್ಟೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಥಳೊಲೆಡ್ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣೊಲೆನ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್, ಅಯಿತ್ ಆಧಾರಡ್ ತ್ರಿಕೋನಮಿತಿ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ಮೂಲಕ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಉದ್ದೊನು ಅಳೆಪ್ಪುನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭೂಮಿದ ಧ್ರುವೀಯ ಚಪ್ಪಟೆತನೊನು ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಯೆ. == UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ == ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ನು [[ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿ]]ಗ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಜಿಯೋಡೆಸಿಡ್ ಈ ತಾಣೊದ ಮಹತ್ವ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿವಿಧ ದೇಶೊಲೆನ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಹಕಾರೊದ ಸಾಕ್ಷ್ಯ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ UNESCO ಗುರುತಿಸ್ತುಂಡು.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1187 |title=Struve Geodetic Arc |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |access-date=11 September 2021 }}</ref> ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಡು ಮೂಲ ೨೬೫ ಮುಖ್ಯ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣೊಲೆಡ್ ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ೩೪ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಬಿಂದುಲು ಉಂಡು. ಅಯಿತ್ ಕಲ್ಲ್‌ಡ್ ಕೊರೆಯಿನ ಗುರುತುಲು, ಕಬ್ಬಿಣದ ಶಿಲುಬೆಲು, ಕಲ್ಲ್ ರಾಶಿಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಸೇರ್ದುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ ಪತ್ತ್ ದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ ಹರಡಿದ್ದುಂಡು. ಉಂದು UNESCOದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸರಣಿ ತಾಣೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="UNESCO"/> == ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಮಹತ್ವ == ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ ೧೯ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಸಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭೂಮಿದ ಅಳತೆದ ಇತಿಹಾಸೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಸಾಧನೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಈ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲೆನ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ಭೂಮಿದ ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಧ್ರುವೀಯ ಚಪ್ಪಟೆತನೊನು ಆ ಕಾಲೊದ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನೊಡು ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಯಿನಷ್ಟು ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. == ಸರಣಿ == === ನಾರ್ವೆ === * [[ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್]]ಡ್, [[ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್]] ({{coord|70|40|12|N|23|39|48|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> * ರೈಪಾಸ್, [[ಆಲ್ಟಾ ಪುರಸಭೆ|ಆಲ್ಟಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|69|56|19|N|23|21|37|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> * ಲುವ್ದೀದ್‌ಚೋಹ್ಕಾ, [[ಕೌಟೋಕೈನೊ ಪುರಸಭೆ|ಕೌಟೋಕೈನೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|69|39|52|N|23|36|08|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> * ಬೈಲ್ಜಸ್ವಾರಿ, ಕೌಟೋಕೈನೊಡ್ ({{coord|69|01|43|N|23|18|19|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> === ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ === * "ಪೈತಾಸ್-ವಾರಾ" ([[ಟಿನ್ನಿರಿಲಾಕಿ]]), [[ಕಿರುನಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|68|15|18|N|22|58|59|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) * "ಕೆರುಜುಪುಕ್ಕಾ" ([[ಜುಪುಕ್ಕಾ]]), [[ಪಜಾಲಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|67|16|36|N|23|14|35|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) * [[ಪುಲ್ಲಿಂಕಿ]], [[ಓವರ್‌ಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|66|38|47|N|23|46|55|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) * "ಪೆರ್ರಾ-ವಾರಾ" ([[ಪೆರಾವಾರಾ]]), [[ಹಾಪರಾಂಡಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|66|1|5|N|23|55|21|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) === ಫಿನ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ === * ಸ್ಟುಯೋರ್-ಒಯಿವಿ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಸ್ಟುಯೊರ್ರಹಾನೊಆಯಿವಿ]]), [[ಎನೊಂಟೆಕಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|68|40|57|N|22|44|45|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಅವಸಾಕ್ಸಾ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಆವಾಸಾಕ್ಸಾ]]), [[ಯ್ಲಿಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|66|23|52|N|23|43|31|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ (ಇತ್ತೆ ಅಲಾಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ ಚರ್ಚ್), [[ಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|65|49|48|N|24|09|26|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಪುಒಲಕ್ಕಾ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಒರವಿವೌರಿ]]), [[ಕೋರ್ಪಿಲಾಹ್ತಿ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|61|55|36|N|25|32|01|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಪೊರ್ಲೋಮ್ II (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಟೋರ್ನಿಕಾಲ್ಲಿಯೊ]]), [[ಲಾಪಿಂಜಾರ್ವಿ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|60|42|17|N|26|00|12|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಸ್ವಾರ್ಟ್ವಿರಾ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಮುಸ್ತಾವೀರಿ]]), [[ಪಿಹ್ತಾಯಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|60|16|35|N|26|36|12|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) === ರಷ್ಯಾ === * "ಮಾಕಿ-ಪಾಲಿಸ್" ([[ಮಾಕಿಪಾಲ್ಲಿಸ್]]) — ೧೯೧೭/೧೯೨೦–೧೯೪೦ರ ಅವಧಿಡ್ ಫಿನ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್‌ದ ಭಾಗ — [[ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್]] (ಸುರ್ಸಾರಿ) ({{coord|60|4|27|N|26|58|11|E}}) * "ಹೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್, Z" (ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್, ತೋಚ್ಕಾ Z), [[ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|60|5|9.8|N|26|57|37.5|E|type:landmark_region:RU}}) === ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ === * "ವೊಯಿಬಿಫರ್" ([[ವೊಯಿವೆರೆ]]), ವೈಕೆ-ಮಾರ್ಯ ಪ್ಯಾರಿಷ್‌ಡ್ ({{coord|59|03|28|N|26|20|16|E|type:landmark_region:EE}}) * "ಕಾಟ್ಕೊ" ([[ಸಿಮುನಾ, ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ|ಸಿಮುನಾ]]), ವೈಕೆ-ಮಾರ್ಯ ಪ್ಯಾರಿಷ್‌ಡ್ ({{coord|59|02|54|N|26|24|51|E|type:landmark_region:EE}}) * "ಡೋರ್ಪಾಟ್" ([[ಟಾರ್ಟು ಹಳೆಯ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ]]), [[ಟಾರ್ಟು]]ಡ್ ({{coord|58|22|43.64|N|26|43|12.61|E|type:landmark_region:EE}}) === ಲಾತ್ವಿಯಾ === * "ಸೆಸ್ಟು-ಕಾಲ್ನ್ಸ್" (ಜಿಯೆಸ್ಟು), [[ಎರ್ಗ್ಳು]]ಡ್ ({{coord|56|50|24|N|25|38|12|E|type:landmark_region:LV}}) * "ಯಾಕೋಬ್ಸ್ಟಾಡ್ಟ್", [[ಯೇಕಾಬ್ಪಿಲ್ಸ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|56|30|05|N|25|51|24|E|type:landmark_region:LV}}) === ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯಾ === * "ಕಾರಿಶ್ಕಿ" (ಗಿರೆಯಿಶಿಯಾಯ್), [[ಪನೆಮುನೆಲಿಸ್]]ದ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊಡು ({{coord|55|54|09|N|25|26|12|E|type:landmark_region:LT}}) * "ಮೆಶ್ಕಾಂಜಿ" (ಮೆಶ್ಕೋನಿಸ್), [[ನೆಮೆಂಚಿನೆ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|54|55|51|N|25|19|00|E|type:landmark_region:LT}}) * "ಬೆರೆಸ್ನ್ಯಾಕಿ" (ಪಾಲಿಯೆಪಿಯುಕೈ), [[ನೆಮೆಜಿಸ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|54|38|04|N|25|25|45|E|type:landmark_region:LT}}) === ಬೆಲಾರಸ್ === * "ಟುಪಿಶ್ಕಿ" (ಟುಪಿಶ್ಕಿ), [[ಅಶ್ಮ್ಯಾನಿ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|54|17|30|N|26|2|43|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಲೋಪಾಟಿ" (ಲೋಪಾಟಿ), [[ಝೆಲ್ವಾ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|53|33|38|N|24|52|11|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಒಸ್ಸೋವ್ನಿಟ್ಸಾ" (ಒಸ್ಸೊವ್ನಿಟ್ಸಾ), [[ಇವಾನೊವೊ (ಬೆಲಾರಸ್)|ಇವಾನೊವೊ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|52|17|22|N|25|38|58|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಚೆಕುಟ್ಸ್ಕ್" (ಚೆಕುಟ್ಸ್ಕ್), ಇವಾನೊವೊ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|52|12|28|N|25|33|23|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಲೆಸ್ಕೊವಿಟ್ಸ್ಚಿ" (ಲೆಸ್ಕೊವಿಚಿ), ಇವಾನೊವೊ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|52|9|39|N|25|34|17|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) === ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾ === * "[[ರುಡಿ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್|ರುಡಿ]]" — ವಾನ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆದ spellingಡ್ "Rudy" — [[ರುಡಿ, ಸೊರೊಕಾ|ರುಡಿ]] ಊರ್ದ ಹತ್ತರೆ, ಸೊರೊಕಾ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|48|19|08|N|27|52|36|E|type:landmark_region:MD}}) === ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ === * ಕಟೆರಿನಿವ್ಕಾ, [[ಆಂಟೋನಿವ್ಕಾ, ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್|ಆಂಟೋನಿವ್ಕಾ]], [[ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|49|33|57|N|26|45|22|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) * ಫೆಲ್ಶ್ಟಿನ್, [[ಹ್ವಾರ್ದಿಸ್ಕೆ, ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|49|19|48|N|26|40|55|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) * ಬರಾನಿವ್ಕಾ, [[ಬರಾನಿವ್ಕಾ, ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|49|08|55|N|26|59|30|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) * ಸ್ಟಾರೊ-ನೆಕ್ರಾಸಿವ್ಕಾ, [[ಸ್ಟಾರಾ ನೆಕ್ರಾಸಿವ್ಕಾ]], [[ಒಡೆಸಾ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|45|19|57.5|N|28|55|40|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) == ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲು == === ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲು === ೧೮೫೮ಡ್ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ ಆಯಿನ ಅಳತೆದ ಆಧಾರಡ್ ಭೂಮಿದ ಚಪ್ಪಟೆತನೊನು ೨೯೪.೨೬ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಭೂಮಿದ ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯ ೬,೩೭೮,೩೬೦.೭ ಮೀಟರ್ (೨೦,೯೨೬,೩೮೦ ಅಡಿ) ಪಂದ್ ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="nor">[[Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage]], Dronningensg 13, P.O.Box 8196, Dep. 0034, [[Oslo]], Norway (2005), ''Norwegian Points on The Struve Geodetic Arc'' (pamphlet)</ref> === ಆಧುನಿಕ ಅಳತೆ === ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಉಪಗ್ರಹ ನ್ಯಾವಿಗೇಷನ್ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನೊನು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ಈ ಬೇಲೆನ್ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಲಾಟೆನಿಂಗ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ೨೯೮.೨೫೭ ೨೨೨ ೧೦೧ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯ ೬,೩೭೮,೧೩೬.೮ ಮೀಟರ್ (೨೦,೯೨೫,೬೪೬ ಅಡಿ) ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> ದುಂಬುದ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ ೧೭೪೦ಡ್ ೧೭೮ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಫ್ಲಾಟೆನಿಂಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೬,೩೯೬,೮೦೦ ಮೀಟರ್ (೨೦,೯೮೬,೯೦೦ ಅಡಿ) ವಿಷುವತ್ತ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯೊನು ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> === ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಅಳತೆಲು === * '''ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ಬಿಂದು:''' ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್ (ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್) — ೭೦° ೪೦′ ೧೧.೨೩″ ಉತ್ತರ<ref name="nor"/> * '''ಅತ್ಯಂತ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊದ ಬಿಂದು:''' ಇಸ್ಮಾಯಿಲ್ (ಸ್ಟಾರೊ-ನೆಕ್ರಾಸೊವ್ಕಾ) — ೪೫° ೨೦′ ೦೨.೯೪″ ಉತ್ತರ<ref name="nor"/> * '''ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಅಕ್ಷಾಂಶೊಡು ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸ:''' ೨೫° ೨೦′ ೦೮.೨೯″<ref name="nor"/> * '''ಒಟ್ಟು ದೂರ:''' ೨,೮೨೧.೮೫೩ ± ೦.೦೧೨ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್<ref name="nor"/> == ಉಂದೆನುಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * [[ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್]] == ಚಿತ್ರೊ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ == <gallery mode="packed" heights="180"> File:Tartu asv2022-04 img06 Old Observatory.jpg|ಟಾರ್ಟು ಹಳೆಯ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ File:GoglandZ.jpg|ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್‌ದ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ Z File:Struve Geodetic Arc in Felshtyn.jpg|ಫೆಲ್ಶ್ಟಿನ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ಫಲಕ File:Rudi IMG 4386.jpg|ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾದ ರುಡಿದ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ File:Hammerfest, fuglenes, memoriale per l'arco geodetico di struve, misurato a partire da qui, colonna 02.jpg|ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ </gallery> == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲುಲು == {{Commons|Struve Geodetic Arc}} * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1187 ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ — UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಕೇಂದ್ರ] * [https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/1187.pdf UNESCOದ ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನ ವರದಿ] * [http://www.fig.net/news/news_2004/struve.htm FIG – ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ ಆವೊಡ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾಪ] * [http://www.fig.net/hsm/struve/struve_arc_smith_2005.pdf J. R. Smith – The Struve Geodetic Arc] * [http://struvearc.lv Latvia Struve Arc ವೆಬ್‌ಸೈಟ್] * [http://post.ee/?id=1595&product_id=8192&c_tpl=1019 ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ಗ್ ಸಮರ್ಪಿತ ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ಅಂಚೆ ಚೀಟಿ] == ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == * [[ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್]] {{Navboxes |list = {{World Heritage Sites in Belarus}} {{World Heritage Sites in Estonia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Finland}} {{World Heritage Sites in Latvia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Lithuania}} {{World Heritage Sites in Moldova}} {{World Heritage Sites in Norway}} {{World Heritage Sites in Russia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Sweden}} {{World Heritage Sites in Ukraine}} }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Struve Geodetic Arc]] [[Category:Geodetic surveys]] [[Category:Tartu]] [[Category:Väike-Maarja Parish]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Belarus]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Estonia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Finland]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Latvia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Lithuania]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Moldova]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Norway]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Russia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Sweden]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Ukraine]] [[Category:Struve family]] b6sixs1idigqztlgvcbr2c8vm05yaui 366863 366862 2026-08-24T09:03:23Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366863 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | name = ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ | native_name = Struve Geodetic Arc | image = Hammerfest, fuglenes, memoriale per l'arco geodetico di struve, misurato a partire da qui, colonna 02.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | caption = ನಾರ್ವೆದ ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ತುದಿದ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ | location = ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ, ಬೆಲಾರಸ್, ಫಿನ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್, ಲಾತ್ವಿಯಾ, ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯಾ, ನಾರ್ವೆ, ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾ, ರಷ್ಯಾ, ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | coordinates = {{coord|59|3|28|N|26|20|16|E|display=title,inline|format=dms}} | criteria = (ii), (iii), (vi) | ID = 1187 | year = 2005 }} [[File:Tartu asv2022-04 img06 Old Observatory.jpg|thumb|right|ತರ್ತು ಪರತ್ತ್ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ, ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಸುರುತ ಬಿಂದು]] [[File:GoglandZ.jpg|thumb|right|ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ ಜೆಡ್, ಗೊಗ್ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್, ರಷ್ಯಾ]] [[File:Struve Geodetic Arc in Felshtyn.jpg|thumb|right|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಫೆಲ್ಶ್ಟಿನ್‌ಡ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ಫಲಕ]] [[File:Rudi IMG 4386.jpg|thumb|right|ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾದ ರುಡಿಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್]] '''ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್''' ({{langx|en|Struve Geodetic Arc}}) ಪಂಡ ನಾರ್ವೆಡ್ ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್‌ಡ್ದ್ ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರೊ ಮಟ್ಟೊಡು ೨,೮೨೦ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ (೧,೭೫೦ ಮೈಲ್) ಮುಟ್ಟ ವ್ಯಾಪಿಸಾಯಿನ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ತ್ರಿಕೋನೊಲೆನ ಸರಪಳಿ. ಉಂದು ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ನು ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಅಳತೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊಡು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಈ ಸರಪಳಿನ್ [[ಜರ್ಮನ್]] ಮೂಲದ [[ರಷ್ಯಾ]]ದ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನಿ ಫ್ರೆಡ್ರಿಚ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ವಿಲ್ಹೆಲ್ಮ್ ವಾನ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ೧೮೧೬ ಡ್ದ್ ೧೮೫೫ ಮುಟ್ಟ ನಿಖರ ಗಾತ್ರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಕಾರ ಕಂಡ್ ಪತ್ತರೆ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಈ ಸರಪಳಿ ಮೂಜಿ ದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ಪಾಸ್ ಆಂಡ್: [[ನಾರ್ವೆ]], [[ಸ್ವೀಡನ್]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ [[ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ]]. ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಸುರುತ ಬಿಂದು [[ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ]]ಡ್ [[ಟಾರ್ಟು ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ]]ಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಅಲ್ಪ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ತನ್ನ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="nor"/> ತ್ರಿಕೋನ ಸರಪಳಿಡ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ೨೫೮ ಮುಖ್ಯ ತ್ರಿಕೋನೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೬೫ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಶಿರೋಭಾಗೊಲು ಇತ್ತಿತ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="UNESCO"/> ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ಬಿಂದು ನಾರ್ವೆದ ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತ ಉಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊದ ಬಿಂದು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ಹತ್ತರೆ ಉಂಡು. == ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ == ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಉದ್ದೇಶ ಭೂಮಿದ ಆಕಾರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗಾತ್ರೊನು ಅತ್ಯಂತ ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಅಳೆಪ್ಪುನದು ಆತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ವಿವಿಧ ಬೆಟ್ಟೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಥಳೊಲೆಡ್ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣೊಲೆನ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್, ಅಯಿತ್ ಆಧಾರಡ್ ತ್ರಿಕೋನಮಿತಿ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ಮೂಲಕ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಉದ್ದೊನು ಅಳೆಪ್ಪುನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭೂಮಿದ ಧ್ರುವೀಯ ಚಪ್ಪಟೆತನೊನು ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಯೆ. == UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ == ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ನು [[ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿ]]ಗ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಜಿಯೋಡೆಸಿಡ್ ಈ ತಾಣೊದ ಮಹತ್ವ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿವಿಧ ದೇಶೊಲೆನ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಹಕಾರೊದ ಸಾಕ್ಷ್ಯ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ UNESCO ಗುರುತಿಸ್ತುಂಡು.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1187 |title=Struve Geodetic Arc |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |access-date=11 September 2021 }}</ref> ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಡು ಮೂಲ ೨೬೫ ಮುಖ್ಯ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣೊಲೆಡ್ ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ೩೪ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಬಿಂದುಲು ಉಂಡು. ಅಯಿತ್ ಕಲ್ಲ್‌ಡ್ ಕೊರೆಯಿನ ಗುರುತುಲು, ಕಬ್ಬಿಣದ ಶಿಲುಬೆಲು, ಕಲ್ಲ್ ರಾಶಿಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಸೇರ್ದುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ ಪತ್ತ್ ದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ ಹರಡಿದ್ದುಂಡು. ಉಂದು UNESCOದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸರಣಿ ತಾಣೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="UNESCO"/> == ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಮಹತ್ವ == ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ ೧೯ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಸಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭೂಮಿದ ಅಳತೆದ ಇತಿಹಾಸೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಸಾಧನೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಈ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲೆನ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ಭೂಮಿದ ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಧ್ರುವೀಯ ಚಪ್ಪಟೆತನೊನು ಆ ಕಾಲೊದ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನೊಡು ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಯಿನಷ್ಟು ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. == ಸರಣಿ == === ನಾರ್ವೆ === * [[ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್]]ಡ್, [[ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್]] ({{coord|70|40|12|N|23|39|48|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> * ರೈಪಾಸ್, [[ಆಲ್ಟಾ ಪುರಸಭೆ|ಆಲ್ಟಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|69|56|19|N|23|21|37|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> * ಲುವ್ದೀದ್‌ಚೋಹ್ಕಾ, [[ಕೌಟೋಕೈನೊ ಪುರಸಭೆ|ಕೌಟೋಕೈನೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|69|39|52|N|23|36|08|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> * ಬೈಲ್ಜಸ್ವಾರಿ, ಕೌಟೋಕೈನೊಡ್ ({{coord|69|01|43|N|23|18|19|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> === ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ === * "ಪೈತಾಸ್-ವಾರಾ" ([[ಟಿನ್ನಿರಿಲಾಕಿ]]), [[ಕಿರುನಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|68|15|18|N|22|58|59|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) * "ಕೆರುಜುಪುಕ್ಕಾ" ([[ಜುಪುಕ್ಕಾ]]), [[ಪಜಾಲಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|67|16|36|N|23|14|35|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) * [[ಪುಲ್ಲಿಂಕಿ]], [[ಓವರ್‌ಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|66|38|47|N|23|46|55|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) * "ಪೆರ್ರಾ-ವಾರಾ" ([[ಪೆರಾವಾರಾ]]), [[ಹಾಪರಾಂಡಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|66|1|5|N|23|55|21|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) === ಫಿನ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ === * ಸ್ಟುಯೋರ್-ಒಯಿವಿ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಸ್ಟುಯೊರ್ರಹಾನೊಆಯಿವಿ]]), [[ಎನೊಂಟೆಕಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|68|40|57|N|22|44|45|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಅವಸಾಕ್ಸಾ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಆವಾಸಾಕ್ಸಾ]]), [[ಯ್ಲಿಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|66|23|52|N|23|43|31|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ (ಇತ್ತೆ ಅಲಾಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ ಚರ್ಚ್), [[ಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|65|49|48|N|24|09|26|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಪುಒಲಕ್ಕಾ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಒರವಿವೌರಿ]]), [[ಕೋರ್ಪಿಲಾಹ್ತಿ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|61|55|36|N|25|32|01|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಪೊರ್ಲೋಮ್ II (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಟೋರ್ನಿಕಾಲ್ಲಿಯೊ]]), [[ಲಾಪಿಂಜಾರ್ವಿ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|60|42|17|N|26|00|12|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಸ್ವಾರ್ಟ್ವಿರಾ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಮುಸ್ತಾವೀರಿ]]), [[ಪಿಹ್ತಾಯಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|60|16|35|N|26|36|12|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) === ರಷ್ಯಾ === * "ಮಾಕಿ-ಪಾಲಿಸ್" ([[ಮಾಕಿಪಾಲ್ಲಿಸ್]]) — ೧೯೧೭/೧೯೨೦–೧೯೪೦ರ ಅವಧಿಡ್ ಫಿನ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್‌ದ ಭಾಗ — [[ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್]] (ಸುರ್ಸಾರಿ) ({{coord|60|4|27|N|26|58|11|E}}) * "ಹೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್, Z" (ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್, ತೋಚ್ಕಾ Z), [[ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|60|5|9.8|N|26|57|37.5|E|type:landmark_region:RU}}) === ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ === * "ವೊಯಿಬಿಫರ್" ([[ವೊಯಿವೆರೆ]]), ವೈಕೆ-ಮಾರ್ಯ ಪ್ಯಾರಿಷ್‌ಡ್ ({{coord|59|03|28|N|26|20|16|E|type:landmark_region:EE}}) * "ಕಾಟ್ಕೊ" ([[ಸಿಮುನಾ, ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ|ಸಿಮುನಾ]]), ವೈಕೆ-ಮಾರ್ಯ ಪ್ಯಾರಿಷ್‌ಡ್ ({{coord|59|02|54|N|26|24|51|E|type:landmark_region:EE}}) * "ಡೋರ್ಪಾಟ್" ([[ಟಾರ್ಟು ಹಳೆಯ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ]]), [[ಟಾರ್ಟು]]ಡ್ ({{coord|58|22|43.64|N|26|43|12.61|E|type:landmark_region:EE}}) === ಲಾತ್ವಿಯಾ === * "ಸೆಸ್ಟು-ಕಾಲ್ನ್ಸ್" (ಜಿಯೆಸ್ಟು), [[ಎರ್ಗ್ಳು]]ಡ್ ({{coord|56|50|24|N|25|38|12|E|type:landmark_region:LV}}) * "ಯಾಕೋಬ್ಸ್ಟಾಡ್ಟ್", [[ಯೇಕಾಬ್ಪಿಲ್ಸ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|56|30|05|N|25|51|24|E|type:landmark_region:LV}}) === ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯಾ === * "ಕಾರಿಶ್ಕಿ" (ಗಿರೆಯಿಶಿಯಾಯ್), [[ಪನೆಮುನೆಲಿಸ್]]ದ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊಡು ({{coord|55|54|09|N|25|26|12|E|type:landmark_region:LT}}) * "ಮೆಶ್ಕಾಂಜಿ" (ಮೆಶ್ಕೋನಿಸ್), [[ನೆಮೆಂಚಿನೆ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|54|55|51|N|25|19|00|E|type:landmark_region:LT}}) * "ಬೆರೆಸ್ನ್ಯಾಕಿ" (ಪಾಲಿಯೆಪಿಯುಕೈ), [[ನೆಮೆಜಿಸ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|54|38|04|N|25|25|45|E|type:landmark_region:LT}}) === ಬೆಲಾರಸ್ === * "ಟುಪಿಶ್ಕಿ" (ಟುಪಿಶ್ಕಿ), [[ಅಶ್ಮ್ಯಾನಿ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|54|17|30|N|26|2|43|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಲೋಪಾಟಿ" (ಲೋಪಾಟಿ), [[ಝೆಲ್ವಾ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|53|33|38|N|24|52|11|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಒಸ್ಸೋವ್ನಿಟ್ಸಾ" (ಒಸ್ಸೊವ್ನಿಟ್ಸಾ), [[ಇವಾನೊವೊ (ಬೆಲಾರಸ್)|ಇವಾನೊವೊ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|52|17|22|N|25|38|58|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಚೆಕುಟ್ಸ್ಕ್" (ಚೆಕುಟ್ಸ್ಕ್), ಇವಾನೊವೊ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|52|12|28|N|25|33|23|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಲೆಸ್ಕೊವಿಟ್ಸ್ಚಿ" (ಲೆಸ್ಕೊವಿಚಿ), ಇವಾನೊವೊ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|52|9|39|N|25|34|17|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) === ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾ === * "[[ರುಡಿ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್|ರುಡಿ]]" — ವಾನ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆದ spellingಡ್ "Rudy" — [[ರುಡಿ, ಸೊರೊಕಾ|ರುಡಿ]] ಊರ್ದ ಹತ್ತರೆ, ಸೊರೊಕಾ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|48|19|08|N|27|52|36|E|type:landmark_region:MD}}) === ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ === * ಕಟೆರಿನಿವ್ಕಾ, [[ಆಂಟೋನಿವ್ಕಾ, ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್|ಆಂಟೋನಿವ್ಕಾ]], [[ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|49|33|57|N|26|45|22|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) * ಫೆಲ್ಶ್ಟಿನ್, [[ಹ್ವಾರ್ದಿಸ್ಕೆ, ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|49|19|48|N|26|40|55|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) * ಬರಾನಿವ್ಕಾ, [[ಬರಾನಿವ್ಕಾ, ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|49|08|55|N|26|59|30|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) * ಸ್ಟಾರೊ-ನೆಕ್ರಾಸಿವ್ಕಾ, [[ಸ್ಟಾರಾ ನೆಕ್ರಾಸಿವ್ಕಾ]], [[ಒಡೆಸಾ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|45|19|57.5|N|28|55|40|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) == ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲು == === ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲು === ೧೮೫೮ಡ್ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ ಆಯಿನ ಅಳತೆದ ಆಧಾರಡ್ ಭೂಮಿದ ಚಪ್ಪಟೆತನೊನು ೨೯೪.೨೬ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಭೂಮಿದ ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯ ೬,೩೭೮,೩೬೦.೭ ಮೀಟರ್ (೨೦,೯೨೬,೩೮೦ ಅಡಿ) ಪಂದ್ ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="nor">[[Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage]], Dronningensg 13, P.O.Box 8196, Dep. 0034, [[Oslo]], Norway (2005), ''Norwegian Points on The Struve Geodetic Arc'' (pamphlet)</ref> === ಆಧುನಿಕ ಅಳತೆ === ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಉಪಗ್ರಹ ನ್ಯಾವಿಗೇಷನ್ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನೊನು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ಈ ಬೇಲೆನ್ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಲಾಟೆನಿಂಗ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ೨೯೮.೨೫೭ ೨೨೨ ೧೦೧ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯ ೬,೩೭೮,೧೩೬.೮ ಮೀಟರ್ (೨೦,೯೨೫,೬೪೬ ಅಡಿ) ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> ದುಂಬುದ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ ೧೭೪೦ಡ್ ೧೭೮ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಫ್ಲಾಟೆನಿಂಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೬,೩೯೬,೮೦೦ ಮೀಟರ್ (೨೦,೯೮೬,೯೦೦ ಅಡಿ) ವಿಷುವತ್ತ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯೊನು ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> === ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಅಳತೆಲು === * '''ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ಬಿಂದು:''' ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್ (ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್) — ೭೦° ೪೦′ ೧೧.೨೩″ ಉತ್ತರ<ref name="nor"/> * '''ಅತ್ಯಂತ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊದ ಬಿಂದು:''' ಇಸ್ಮಾಯಿಲ್ (ಸ್ಟಾರೊ-ನೆಕ್ರಾಸೊವ್ಕಾ) — ೪೫° ೨೦′ ೦೨.೯೪″ ಉತ್ತರ<ref name="nor"/> * '''ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಅಕ್ಷಾಂಶೊಡು ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸ:''' ೨೫° ೨೦′ ೦೮.೨೯″<ref name="nor"/> * '''ಒಟ್ಟು ದೂರ:''' ೨,೮೨೧.೮೫೩ ± ೦.೦೧೨ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್<ref name="nor"/> == ಉಂದೆನುಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * [[ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್]] == ಚಿತ್ರೊ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ == <gallery mode="packed" heights="180"> File:Tartu asv2022-04 img06 Old Observatory.jpg|ಟಾರ್ಟು ಹಳೆಯ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ File:GoglandZ.jpg|ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್‌ದ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ Z File:Struve Geodetic Arc in Felshtyn.jpg|ಫೆಲ್ಶ್ಟಿನ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ಫಲಕ File:Rudi IMG 4386.jpg|ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾದ ರುಡಿದ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ File:Hammerfest, fuglenes, memoriale per l'arco geodetico di struve, misurato a partire da qui, colonna 02.jpg|ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ </gallery> == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲುಲು == {{Commons|Struve Geodetic Arc}} * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1187 ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ — UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಕೇಂದ್ರ] * [https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/1187.pdf UNESCOದ ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನ ವರದಿ] * [http://www.fig.net/news/news_2004/struve.htm FIG – ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ ಆವೊಡ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾಪ] * [http://www.fig.net/hsm/struve/struve_arc_smith_2005.pdf J. R. Smith – The Struve Geodetic Arc] * [http://struvearc.lv Latvia Struve Arc ವೆಬ್‌ಸೈಟ್] * [http://post.ee/?id=1595&product_id=8192&c_tpl=1019 ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ಗ್ ಸಮರ್ಪಿತ ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ಅಂಚೆ ಚೀಟಿ] == ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == * [[ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್]] {{Navboxes |list = {{World Heritage Sites in Belarus}} {{World Heritage Sites in Estonia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Finland}} {{World Heritage Sites in Latvia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Lithuania}} {{World Heritage Sites in Moldova}} {{World Heritage Sites in Norway}} {{World Heritage Sites in Russia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Sweden}} {{World Heritage Sites in Ukraine}} }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Struve Geodetic Arc]] [[Category:Geodetic surveys]] [[Category:Tartu]] [[Category:Väike-Maarja Parish]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Belarus]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Estonia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Finland]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Latvia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Lithuania]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Moldova]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Norway]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Russia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Sweden]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Ukraine]] [[Category:Struve family]] 9h7ifqo448h9ipznj9z4eczn6tncvil 366864 366863 2026-08-24T09:03:41Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366864 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | name = ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ | native_name = Struve Geodetic Arc | image = Hammerfest, fuglenes, memoriale per l'arco geodetico di struve, misurato a partire da qui, colonna 02.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | caption = ನಾರ್ವೆದ ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ತುದಿದ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ | location = ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ, ಬೆಲಾರಸ್, ಫಿನ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್, ಲಾತ್ವಿಯಾ, ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯಾ, ನಾರ್ವೆ, ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾ, ರಷ್ಯಾ, ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | coordinates = {{coord|59|3|28|N|26|20|16|E|display=title,inline|format=dms}} | criteria = (ii), (iii), (vi) | ID = 1187 | year = 2005 }} [[File:Tartu asv2022-04 img06 Old Observatory.jpg|thumb|right|ತರ್ತು ಪರತ್ತ್ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ, ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಸುರುತ ಬಿಂದು]] [[File:GoglandZ.jpg|thumb|right|ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ ಜೆಡ್, ಗೊಗ್ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್, ರಷ್ಯಾ]] [[File:Struve Geodetic Arc in Felshtyn.jpg|thumb|right|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಫೆಲ್ಶ್ಟಿನ್‌ಡ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ಫಲಕ]] [[File:Rudi IMG 4386.jpg|thumb|right|ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾದ ರುಡಿಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್]] '''ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್''' ({{langx|en|Struve Geodetic Arc}}) ಪಂಡ ನಾರ್ವೆಡ್ ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್‌ಡ್ದ್ ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರೊ ಮಟ್ಟೊಡು ೨,೮೨೦ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ (೧,೭೫೦ ಮೈಲ್) ಮುಟ್ಟ ವ್ಯಾಪಿಸಾಯಿನ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ತ್ರಿಕೋನೊಲೆನ ಸರಪಳಿ. ಉಂದು ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ನು ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಅಳತೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊಡು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಈ ಸರಪಳಿನ್ ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಮೂಲದ [[ರಷ್ಯಾ]]ದ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನಿ ಫ್ರೆಡ್ರಿಚ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ವಿಲ್ಹೆಲ್ಮ್ ವಾನ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ೧೮೧೬ ಡ್ದ್ ೧೮೫೫ ಮುಟ್ಟ ನಿಖರ ಗಾತ್ರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಕಾರ ಕಂಡ್ ಪತ್ತರೆ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಈ ಸರಪಳಿ ಮೂಜಿ ದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ಪಾಸ್ ಆಂಡ್: [[ನಾರ್ವೆ]], [[ಸ್ವೀಡನ್]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ [[ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ]]. ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಸುರುತ ಬಿಂದು [[ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ]]ಡ್ [[ಟಾರ್ಟು ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ]]ಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಅಲ್ಪ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ತನ್ನ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="nor"/> ತ್ರಿಕೋನ ಸರಪಳಿಡ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ೨೫೮ ಮುಖ್ಯ ತ್ರಿಕೋನೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೬೫ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಶಿರೋಭಾಗೊಲು ಇತ್ತಿತ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="UNESCO"/> ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ಬಿಂದು ನಾರ್ವೆದ ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತ ಉಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊದ ಬಿಂದು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ಹತ್ತರೆ ಉಂಡು. == ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ == ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಉದ್ದೇಶ ಭೂಮಿದ ಆಕಾರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗಾತ್ರೊನು ಅತ್ಯಂತ ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಅಳೆಪ್ಪುನದು ಆತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ವಿವಿಧ ಬೆಟ್ಟೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಥಳೊಲೆಡ್ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣೊಲೆನ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್, ಅಯಿತ್ ಆಧಾರಡ್ ತ್ರಿಕೋನಮಿತಿ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ಮೂಲಕ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಉದ್ದೊನು ಅಳೆಪ್ಪುನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭೂಮಿದ ಧ್ರುವೀಯ ಚಪ್ಪಟೆತನೊನು ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಯೆ. == UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ == ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ನು [[ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿ]]ಗ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಜಿಯೋಡೆಸಿಡ್ ಈ ತಾಣೊದ ಮಹತ್ವ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿವಿಧ ದೇಶೊಲೆನ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಹಕಾರೊದ ಸಾಕ್ಷ್ಯ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ UNESCO ಗುರುತಿಸ್ತುಂಡು.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1187 |title=Struve Geodetic Arc |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |access-date=11 September 2021 }}</ref> ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಡು ಮೂಲ ೨೬೫ ಮುಖ್ಯ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣೊಲೆಡ್ ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ೩೪ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಬಿಂದುಲು ಉಂಡು. ಅಯಿತ್ ಕಲ್ಲ್‌ಡ್ ಕೊರೆಯಿನ ಗುರುತುಲು, ಕಬ್ಬಿಣದ ಶಿಲುಬೆಲು, ಕಲ್ಲ್ ರಾಶಿಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಸೇರ್ದುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ ಪತ್ತ್ ದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ ಹರಡಿದ್ದುಂಡು. ಉಂದು UNESCOದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸರಣಿ ತಾಣೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="UNESCO"/> == ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಮಹತ್ವ == ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ ೧೯ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಸಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭೂಮಿದ ಅಳತೆದ ಇತಿಹಾಸೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಸಾಧನೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಈ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲೆನ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ಭೂಮಿದ ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಧ್ರುವೀಯ ಚಪ್ಪಟೆತನೊನು ಆ ಕಾಲೊದ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನೊಡು ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಯಿನಷ್ಟು ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. == ಸರಣಿ == === ನಾರ್ವೆ === * [[ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್]]ಡ್, [[ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್]] ({{coord|70|40|12|N|23|39|48|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> * ರೈಪಾಸ್, [[ಆಲ್ಟಾ ಪುರಸಭೆ|ಆಲ್ಟಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|69|56|19|N|23|21|37|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> * ಲುವ್ದೀದ್‌ಚೋಹ್ಕಾ, [[ಕೌಟೋಕೈನೊ ಪುರಸಭೆ|ಕೌಟೋಕೈನೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|69|39|52|N|23|36|08|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> * ಬೈಲ್ಜಸ್ವಾರಿ, ಕೌಟೋಕೈನೊಡ್ ({{coord|69|01|43|N|23|18|19|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> === ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ === * "ಪೈತಾಸ್-ವಾರಾ" ([[ಟಿನ್ನಿರಿಲಾಕಿ]]), [[ಕಿರುನಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|68|15|18|N|22|58|59|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) * "ಕೆರುಜುಪುಕ್ಕಾ" ([[ಜುಪುಕ್ಕಾ]]), [[ಪಜಾಲಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|67|16|36|N|23|14|35|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) * [[ಪುಲ್ಲಿಂಕಿ]], [[ಓವರ್‌ಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|66|38|47|N|23|46|55|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) * "ಪೆರ್ರಾ-ವಾರಾ" ([[ಪೆರಾವಾರಾ]]), [[ಹಾಪರಾಂಡಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|66|1|5|N|23|55|21|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) === ಫಿನ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ === * ಸ್ಟುಯೋರ್-ಒಯಿವಿ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಸ್ಟುಯೊರ್ರಹಾನೊಆಯಿವಿ]]), [[ಎನೊಂಟೆಕಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|68|40|57|N|22|44|45|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಅವಸಾಕ್ಸಾ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಆವಾಸಾಕ್ಸಾ]]), [[ಯ್ಲಿಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|66|23|52|N|23|43|31|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ (ಇತ್ತೆ ಅಲಾಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ ಚರ್ಚ್), [[ಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|65|49|48|N|24|09|26|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಪುಒಲಕ್ಕಾ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಒರವಿವೌರಿ]]), [[ಕೋರ್ಪಿಲಾಹ್ತಿ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|61|55|36|N|25|32|01|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಪೊರ್ಲೋಮ್ II (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಟೋರ್ನಿಕಾಲ್ಲಿಯೊ]]), [[ಲಾಪಿಂಜಾರ್ವಿ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|60|42|17|N|26|00|12|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಸ್ವಾರ್ಟ್ವಿರಾ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಮುಸ್ತಾವೀರಿ]]), [[ಪಿಹ್ತಾಯಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|60|16|35|N|26|36|12|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) === ರಷ್ಯಾ === * "ಮಾಕಿ-ಪಾಲಿಸ್" ([[ಮಾಕಿಪಾಲ್ಲಿಸ್]]) — ೧೯೧೭/೧೯೨೦–೧೯೪೦ರ ಅವಧಿಡ್ ಫಿನ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್‌ದ ಭಾಗ — [[ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್]] (ಸುರ್ಸಾರಿ) ({{coord|60|4|27|N|26|58|11|E}}) * "ಹೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್, Z" (ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್, ತೋಚ್ಕಾ Z), [[ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|60|5|9.8|N|26|57|37.5|E|type:landmark_region:RU}}) === ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ === * "ವೊಯಿಬಿಫರ್" ([[ವೊಯಿವೆರೆ]]), ವೈಕೆ-ಮಾರ್ಯ ಪ್ಯಾರಿಷ್‌ಡ್ ({{coord|59|03|28|N|26|20|16|E|type:landmark_region:EE}}) * "ಕಾಟ್ಕೊ" ([[ಸಿಮುನಾ, ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ|ಸಿಮುನಾ]]), ವೈಕೆ-ಮಾರ್ಯ ಪ್ಯಾರಿಷ್‌ಡ್ ({{coord|59|02|54|N|26|24|51|E|type:landmark_region:EE}}) * "ಡೋರ್ಪಾಟ್" ([[ಟಾರ್ಟು ಹಳೆಯ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ]]), [[ಟಾರ್ಟು]]ಡ್ ({{coord|58|22|43.64|N|26|43|12.61|E|type:landmark_region:EE}}) === ಲಾತ್ವಿಯಾ === * "ಸೆಸ್ಟು-ಕಾಲ್ನ್ಸ್" (ಜಿಯೆಸ್ಟು), [[ಎರ್ಗ್ಳು]]ಡ್ ({{coord|56|50|24|N|25|38|12|E|type:landmark_region:LV}}) * "ಯಾಕೋಬ್ಸ್ಟಾಡ್ಟ್", [[ಯೇಕಾಬ್ಪಿಲ್ಸ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|56|30|05|N|25|51|24|E|type:landmark_region:LV}}) === ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯಾ === * "ಕಾರಿಶ್ಕಿ" (ಗಿರೆಯಿಶಿಯಾಯ್), [[ಪನೆಮುನೆಲಿಸ್]]ದ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊಡು ({{coord|55|54|09|N|25|26|12|E|type:landmark_region:LT}}) * "ಮೆಶ್ಕಾಂಜಿ" (ಮೆಶ್ಕೋನಿಸ್), [[ನೆಮೆಂಚಿನೆ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|54|55|51|N|25|19|00|E|type:landmark_region:LT}}) * "ಬೆರೆಸ್ನ್ಯಾಕಿ" (ಪಾಲಿಯೆಪಿಯುಕೈ), [[ನೆಮೆಜಿಸ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|54|38|04|N|25|25|45|E|type:landmark_region:LT}}) === ಬೆಲಾರಸ್ === * "ಟುಪಿಶ್ಕಿ" (ಟುಪಿಶ್ಕಿ), [[ಅಶ್ಮ್ಯಾನಿ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|54|17|30|N|26|2|43|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಲೋಪಾಟಿ" (ಲೋಪಾಟಿ), [[ಝೆಲ್ವಾ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|53|33|38|N|24|52|11|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಒಸ್ಸೋವ್ನಿಟ್ಸಾ" (ಒಸ್ಸೊವ್ನಿಟ್ಸಾ), [[ಇವಾನೊವೊ (ಬೆಲಾರಸ್)|ಇವಾನೊವೊ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|52|17|22|N|25|38|58|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಚೆಕುಟ್ಸ್ಕ್" (ಚೆಕುಟ್ಸ್ಕ್), ಇವಾನೊವೊ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|52|12|28|N|25|33|23|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಲೆಸ್ಕೊವಿಟ್ಸ್ಚಿ" (ಲೆಸ್ಕೊವಿಚಿ), ಇವಾನೊವೊ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|52|9|39|N|25|34|17|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) === ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾ === * "[[ರುಡಿ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್|ರುಡಿ]]" — ವಾನ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆದ spellingಡ್ "Rudy" — [[ರುಡಿ, ಸೊರೊಕಾ|ರುಡಿ]] ಊರ್ದ ಹತ್ತರೆ, ಸೊರೊಕಾ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|48|19|08|N|27|52|36|E|type:landmark_region:MD}}) === ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ === * ಕಟೆರಿನಿವ್ಕಾ, [[ಆಂಟೋನಿವ್ಕಾ, ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್|ಆಂಟೋನಿವ್ಕಾ]], [[ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|49|33|57|N|26|45|22|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) * ಫೆಲ್ಶ್ಟಿನ್, [[ಹ್ವಾರ್ದಿಸ್ಕೆ, ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|49|19|48|N|26|40|55|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) * ಬರಾನಿವ್ಕಾ, [[ಬರಾನಿವ್ಕಾ, ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|49|08|55|N|26|59|30|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) * ಸ್ಟಾರೊ-ನೆಕ್ರಾಸಿವ್ಕಾ, [[ಸ್ಟಾರಾ ನೆಕ್ರಾಸಿವ್ಕಾ]], [[ಒಡೆಸಾ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|45|19|57.5|N|28|55|40|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) == ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲು == === ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲು === ೧೮೫೮ಡ್ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ ಆಯಿನ ಅಳತೆದ ಆಧಾರಡ್ ಭೂಮಿದ ಚಪ್ಪಟೆತನೊನು ೨೯೪.೨೬ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಭೂಮಿದ ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯ ೬,೩೭೮,೩೬೦.೭ ಮೀಟರ್ (೨೦,೯೨೬,೩೮೦ ಅಡಿ) ಪಂದ್ ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="nor">[[Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage]], Dronningensg 13, P.O.Box 8196, Dep. 0034, [[Oslo]], Norway (2005), ''Norwegian Points on The Struve Geodetic Arc'' (pamphlet)</ref> === ಆಧುನಿಕ ಅಳತೆ === ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಉಪಗ್ರಹ ನ್ಯಾವಿಗೇಷನ್ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನೊನು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ಈ ಬೇಲೆನ್ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಲಾಟೆನಿಂಗ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ೨೯೮.೨೫೭ ೨೨೨ ೧೦೧ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯ ೬,೩೭೮,೧೩೬.೮ ಮೀಟರ್ (೨೦,೯೨೫,೬೪೬ ಅಡಿ) ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> ದುಂಬುದ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ ೧೭೪೦ಡ್ ೧೭೮ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಫ್ಲಾಟೆನಿಂಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೬,೩೯೬,೮೦೦ ಮೀಟರ್ (೨೦,೯೮೬,೯೦೦ ಅಡಿ) ವಿಷುವತ್ತ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯೊನು ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> === ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಅಳತೆಲು === * '''ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ಬಿಂದು:''' ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್ (ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್) — ೭೦° ೪೦′ ೧೧.೨೩″ ಉತ್ತರ<ref name="nor"/> * '''ಅತ್ಯಂತ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊದ ಬಿಂದು:''' ಇಸ್ಮಾಯಿಲ್ (ಸ್ಟಾರೊ-ನೆಕ್ರಾಸೊವ್ಕಾ) — ೪೫° ೨೦′ ೦೨.೯೪″ ಉತ್ತರ<ref name="nor"/> * '''ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಅಕ್ಷಾಂಶೊಡು ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸ:''' ೨೫° ೨೦′ ೦೮.೨೯″<ref name="nor"/> * '''ಒಟ್ಟು ದೂರ:''' ೨,೮೨೧.೮೫೩ ± ೦.೦೧೨ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್<ref name="nor"/> == ಉಂದೆನುಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * [[ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್]] == ಚಿತ್ರೊ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ == <gallery mode="packed" heights="180"> File:Tartu asv2022-04 img06 Old Observatory.jpg|ಟಾರ್ಟು ಹಳೆಯ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ File:GoglandZ.jpg|ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್‌ದ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ Z File:Struve Geodetic Arc in Felshtyn.jpg|ಫೆಲ್ಶ್ಟಿನ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ಫಲಕ File:Rudi IMG 4386.jpg|ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾದ ರುಡಿದ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ File:Hammerfest, fuglenes, memoriale per l'arco geodetico di struve, misurato a partire da qui, colonna 02.jpg|ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ </gallery> == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲುಲು == {{Commons|Struve Geodetic Arc}} * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1187 ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ — UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಕೇಂದ್ರ] * [https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/1187.pdf UNESCOದ ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನ ವರದಿ] * [http://www.fig.net/news/news_2004/struve.htm FIG – ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ ಆವೊಡ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾಪ] * [http://www.fig.net/hsm/struve/struve_arc_smith_2005.pdf J. R. Smith – The Struve Geodetic Arc] * [http://struvearc.lv Latvia Struve Arc ವೆಬ್‌ಸೈಟ್] * [http://post.ee/?id=1595&product_id=8192&c_tpl=1019 ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ಗ್ ಸಮರ್ಪಿತ ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ಅಂಚೆ ಚೀಟಿ] == ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == * [[ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್]] {{Navboxes |list = {{World Heritage Sites in Belarus}} {{World Heritage Sites in Estonia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Finland}} {{World Heritage Sites in Latvia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Lithuania}} {{World Heritage Sites in Moldova}} {{World Heritage Sites in Norway}} {{World Heritage Sites in Russia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Sweden}} {{World Heritage Sites in Ukraine}} }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Struve Geodetic Arc]] [[Category:Geodetic surveys]] [[Category:Tartu]] [[Category:Väike-Maarja Parish]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Belarus]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Estonia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Finland]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Latvia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Lithuania]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Moldova]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Norway]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Russia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Sweden]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Ukraine]] [[Category:Struve family]] r0m2xmag5wsp04uydldvftw5iehvhwf 366865 366864 2026-08-24T09:05:14Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | name = ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ | native_name = Struve Geodetic Arc | image = Hammerfest, fuglenes, memoriale per l'arco geodetico di struve, misurato a partire da qui, colonna 02.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | caption = ನಾರ್ವೆದ ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ತುದಿದ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ | location = ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ, ಬೆಲಾರಸ್, ಫಿನ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್, ಲಾತ್ವಿಯಾ, ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯಾ, ನಾರ್ವೆ, ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾ, ರಷ್ಯಾ, ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | coordinates = {{coord|59|3|28|N|26|20|16|E|display=title,inline|format=dms}} | criteria = (ii), (iii), (vi) | ID = 1187 | year = 2005 }} [[File:Tartu asv2022-04 img06 Old Observatory.jpg|thumb|right|ತರ್ತು ಪರತ್ತ್ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ, ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಸುರುತ ಬಿಂದು]] [[File:GoglandZ.jpg|thumb|right|ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ ಜೆಡ್, ಗೊಗ್ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್, ರಷ್ಯಾ]] [[File:Struve Geodetic Arc in Felshtyn.jpg|thumb|right|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಫೆಲ್ಶ್ಟಿನ್‌ಡ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ಫಲಕ]] [[File:Rudi IMG 4386.jpg|thumb|right|ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾದ ರುಡಿಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್]] '''ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್''' ({{langx|en|Struve Geodetic Arc}}) ಪಂಡ ನಾರ್ವೆಡ್ ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್‌ಡ್ದ್ ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರೊ ಮಟ್ಟೊಡು ೨,೮೨೦ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ (೧,೭೫೦ ಮೈಲ್) ಮುಟ್ಟ ವ್ಯಾಪಿಸಾಯಿನ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ತ್ರಿಕೋನೊಲೆನ ಸರಪಳಿ. ಉಂದು ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ನು ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಅಳತೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊಡು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಈ ಸರಪಳಿನ್ ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಮೂಲದ [[ರಷ್ಯಾ]]ದ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನಿ ಫ್ರೆಡ್ರಿಚ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ವಿಲ್ಹೆಲ್ಮ್ ವಾನ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ೧೮೧೬ ಡ್ದ್ ೧೮೫೫ ಮುಟ್ಟ ನಿಖರ ಗಾತ್ರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಕಾರ ಕಂಡ್ ಪತ್ತರೆ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಈ ಸರಪಳಿ ಮೂಜಿ ದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ಪಾಸ್ ಆಂಡ್: [[ನಾರ್ವೆ]], ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ. ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಸುರುತ ಬಿಂದು ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾಡ್ ಟಾರ್ಟು ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಅಲ್ಪ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ತನ್ನ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="nor"/> ತ್ರಿಕೋನ ಸರಪಳಿಡ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ೨೫೮ ಮುಖ್ಯ ತ್ರಿಕೋನೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೬೫ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಶಿರೋಭಾಗೊಲು ಉಂಡು.<ref name="UNESCO"/> ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ಬಿಂದು ನಾರ್ವೆದ ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊದ ಬಿಂದು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ಕೈತಲ್ ಉಂಡು. == ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ == ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಉದ್ದೇಶ ಭೂಮಿದ ಆಕಾರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗಾತ್ರೊನು ಅತ್ಯಂತ ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಅಳೆಪ್ಪುನದು ಆತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ವಿವಿಧ ಬೆಟ್ಟೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಥಳೊಲೆಡ್ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣೊಲೆನ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್, ಅಯಿತ್ ಆಧಾರಡ್ ತ್ರಿಕೋನಮಿತಿ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ಮೂಲಕ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಉದ್ದೊನು ಅಳೆಪ್ಪುನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭೂಮಿದ ಧ್ರುವೀಯ ಚಪ್ಪಟೆತನೊನು ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಯೆ. == UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ == ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ನು [[ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿ]]ಗ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಜಿಯೋಡೆಸಿಡ್ ಈ ತಾಣೊದ ಮಹತ್ವ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿವಿಧ ದೇಶೊಲೆನ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಹಕಾರೊದ ಸಾಕ್ಷ್ಯ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ UNESCO ಗುರುತಿಸ್ತುಂಡು.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1187 |title=Struve Geodetic Arc |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |access-date=11 September 2021 }}</ref> ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಡು ಮೂಲ ೨೬೫ ಮುಖ್ಯ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣೊಲೆಡ್ ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ೩೪ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಬಿಂದುಲು ಉಂಡು. ಅಯಿತ್ ಕಲ್ಲ್‌ಡ್ ಕೊರೆಯಿನ ಗುರುತುಲು, ಕಬ್ಬಿಣದ ಶಿಲುಬೆಲು, ಕಲ್ಲ್ ರಾಶಿಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಸೇರ್ದುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ ಪತ್ತ್ ದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ ಹರಡಿದ್ದುಂಡು. ಉಂದು UNESCOದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸರಣಿ ತಾಣೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="UNESCO"/> == ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಮಹತ್ವ == ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ ೧೯ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಸಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭೂಮಿದ ಅಳತೆದ ಇತಿಹಾಸೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಸಾಧನೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಈ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲೆನ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ಭೂಮಿದ ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಧ್ರುವೀಯ ಚಪ್ಪಟೆತನೊನು ಆ ಕಾಲೊದ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನೊಡು ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಯಿನಷ್ಟು ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. == ಸರಣಿ == === ನಾರ್ವೆ === * [[ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್]]ಡ್, [[ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್]] ({{coord|70|40|12|N|23|39|48|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> * ರೈಪಾಸ್, [[ಆಲ್ಟಾ ಪುರಸಭೆ|ಆಲ್ಟಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|69|56|19|N|23|21|37|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> * ಲುವ್ದೀದ್‌ಚೋಹ್ಕಾ, [[ಕೌಟೋಕೈನೊ ಪುರಸಭೆ|ಕೌಟೋಕೈನೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|69|39|52|N|23|36|08|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> * ಬೈಲ್ಜಸ್ವಾರಿ, ಕೌಟೋಕೈನೊಡ್ ({{coord|69|01|43|N|23|18|19|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> === ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ === * "ಪೈತಾಸ್-ವಾರಾ" ([[ಟಿನ್ನಿರಿಲಾಕಿ]]), [[ಕಿರುನಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|68|15|18|N|22|58|59|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) * "ಕೆರುಜುಪುಕ್ಕಾ" ([[ಜುಪುಕ್ಕಾ]]), [[ಪಜಾಲಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|67|16|36|N|23|14|35|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) * [[ಪುಲ್ಲಿಂಕಿ]], [[ಓವರ್‌ಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|66|38|47|N|23|46|55|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) * "ಪೆರ್ರಾ-ವಾರಾ" ([[ಪೆರಾವಾರಾ]]), [[ಹಾಪರಾಂಡಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|66|1|5|N|23|55|21|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) === ಫಿನ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ === * ಸ್ಟುಯೋರ್-ಒಯಿವಿ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಸ್ಟುಯೊರ್ರಹಾನೊಆಯಿವಿ]]), [[ಎನೊಂಟೆಕಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|68|40|57|N|22|44|45|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಅವಸಾಕ್ಸಾ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಆವಾಸಾಕ್ಸಾ]]), [[ಯ್ಲಿಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|66|23|52|N|23|43|31|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ (ಇತ್ತೆ ಅಲಾಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ ಚರ್ಚ್), [[ಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|65|49|48|N|24|09|26|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಪುಒಲಕ್ಕಾ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಒರವಿವೌರಿ]]), [[ಕೋರ್ಪಿಲಾಹ್ತಿ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|61|55|36|N|25|32|01|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಪೊರ್ಲೋಮ್ II (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಟೋರ್ನಿಕಾಲ್ಲಿಯೊ]]), [[ಲಾಪಿಂಜಾರ್ವಿ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|60|42|17|N|26|00|12|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಸ್ವಾರ್ಟ್ವಿರಾ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಮುಸ್ತಾವೀರಿ]]), [[ಪಿಹ್ತಾಯಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|60|16|35|N|26|36|12|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) === ರಷ್ಯಾ === * "ಮಾಕಿ-ಪಾಲಿಸ್" ([[ಮಾಕಿಪಾಲ್ಲಿಸ್]]) — ೧೯೧೭/೧೯೨೦–೧೯೪೦ರ ಅವಧಿಡ್ ಫಿನ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್‌ದ ಭಾಗ — [[ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್]] (ಸುರ್ಸಾರಿ) ({{coord|60|4|27|N|26|58|11|E}}) * "ಹೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್, Z" (ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್, ತೋಚ್ಕಾ Z), [[ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|60|5|9.8|N|26|57|37.5|E|type:landmark_region:RU}}) === ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ === * "ವೊಯಿಬಿಫರ್" ([[ವೊಯಿವೆರೆ]]), ವೈಕೆ-ಮಾರ್ಯ ಪ್ಯಾರಿಷ್‌ಡ್ ({{coord|59|03|28|N|26|20|16|E|type:landmark_region:EE}}) * "ಕಾಟ್ಕೊ" ([[ಸಿಮುನಾ, ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ|ಸಿಮುನಾ]]), ವೈಕೆ-ಮಾರ್ಯ ಪ್ಯಾರಿಷ್‌ಡ್ ({{coord|59|02|54|N|26|24|51|E|type:landmark_region:EE}}) * "ಡೋರ್ಪಾಟ್" ([[ಟಾರ್ಟು ಹಳೆಯ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ]]), [[ಟಾರ್ಟು]]ಡ್ ({{coord|58|22|43.64|N|26|43|12.61|E|type:landmark_region:EE}}) === ಲಾತ್ವಿಯಾ === * "ಸೆಸ್ಟು-ಕಾಲ್ನ್ಸ್" (ಜಿಯೆಸ್ಟು), [[ಎರ್ಗ್ಳು]]ಡ್ ({{coord|56|50|24|N|25|38|12|E|type:landmark_region:LV}}) * "ಯಾಕೋಬ್ಸ್ಟಾಡ್ಟ್", [[ಯೇಕಾಬ್ಪಿಲ್ಸ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|56|30|05|N|25|51|24|E|type:landmark_region:LV}}) === ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯಾ === * "ಕಾರಿಶ್ಕಿ" (ಗಿರೆಯಿಶಿಯಾಯ್), [[ಪನೆಮುನೆಲಿಸ್]]ದ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊಡು ({{coord|55|54|09|N|25|26|12|E|type:landmark_region:LT}}) * "ಮೆಶ್ಕಾಂಜಿ" (ಮೆಶ್ಕೋನಿಸ್), [[ನೆಮೆಂಚಿನೆ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|54|55|51|N|25|19|00|E|type:landmark_region:LT}}) * "ಬೆರೆಸ್ನ್ಯಾಕಿ" (ಪಾಲಿಯೆಪಿಯುಕೈ), [[ನೆಮೆಜಿಸ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|54|38|04|N|25|25|45|E|type:landmark_region:LT}}) === ಬೆಲಾರಸ್ === * "ಟುಪಿಶ್ಕಿ" (ಟುಪಿಶ್ಕಿ), [[ಅಶ್ಮ್ಯಾನಿ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|54|17|30|N|26|2|43|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಲೋಪಾಟಿ" (ಲೋಪಾಟಿ), [[ಝೆಲ್ವಾ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|53|33|38|N|24|52|11|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಒಸ್ಸೋವ್ನಿಟ್ಸಾ" (ಒಸ್ಸೊವ್ನಿಟ್ಸಾ), [[ಇವಾನೊವೊ (ಬೆಲಾರಸ್)|ಇವಾನೊವೊ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|52|17|22|N|25|38|58|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಚೆಕುಟ್ಸ್ಕ್" (ಚೆಕುಟ್ಸ್ಕ್), ಇವಾನೊವೊ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|52|12|28|N|25|33|23|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಲೆಸ್ಕೊವಿಟ್ಸ್ಚಿ" (ಲೆಸ್ಕೊವಿಚಿ), ಇವಾನೊವೊ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|52|9|39|N|25|34|17|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) === ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾ === * "[[ರುಡಿ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್|ರುಡಿ]]" — ವಾನ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆದ spellingಡ್ "Rudy" — [[ರುಡಿ, ಸೊರೊಕಾ|ರುಡಿ]] ಊರ್ದ ಹತ್ತರೆ, ಸೊರೊಕಾ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|48|19|08|N|27|52|36|E|type:landmark_region:MD}}) === ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ === * ಕಟೆರಿನಿವ್ಕಾ, [[ಆಂಟೋನಿವ್ಕಾ, ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್|ಆಂಟೋನಿವ್ಕಾ]], [[ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|49|33|57|N|26|45|22|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) * ಫೆಲ್ಶ್ಟಿನ್, [[ಹ್ವಾರ್ದಿಸ್ಕೆ, ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|49|19|48|N|26|40|55|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) * ಬರಾನಿವ್ಕಾ, [[ಬರಾನಿವ್ಕಾ, ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|49|08|55|N|26|59|30|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) * ಸ್ಟಾರೊ-ನೆಕ್ರಾಸಿವ್ಕಾ, [[ಸ್ಟಾರಾ ನೆಕ್ರಾಸಿವ್ಕಾ]], [[ಒಡೆಸಾ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|45|19|57.5|N|28|55|40|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) == ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲು == === ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲು === ೧೮೫೮ಡ್ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ ಆಯಿನ ಅಳತೆದ ಆಧಾರಡ್ ಭೂಮಿದ ಚಪ್ಪಟೆತನೊನು ೨೯೪.೨೬ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಭೂಮಿದ ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯ ೬,೩೭೮,೩೬೦.೭ ಮೀಟರ್ (೨೦,೯೨೬,೩೮೦ ಅಡಿ) ಪಂದ್ ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="nor">[[Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage]], Dronningensg 13, P.O.Box 8196, Dep. 0034, [[Oslo]], Norway (2005), ''Norwegian Points on The Struve Geodetic Arc'' (pamphlet)</ref> === ಆಧುನಿಕ ಅಳತೆ === ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಉಪಗ್ರಹ ನ್ಯಾವಿಗೇಷನ್ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನೊನು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ಈ ಬೇಲೆನ್ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಲಾಟೆನಿಂಗ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ೨೯೮.೨೫೭ ೨೨೨ ೧೦೧ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯ ೬,೩೭೮,೧೩೬.೮ ಮೀಟರ್ (೨೦,೯೨೫,೬೪೬ ಅಡಿ) ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> ದುಂಬುದ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ ೧೭೪೦ಡ್ ೧೭೮ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಫ್ಲಾಟೆನಿಂಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೬,೩೯೬,೮೦೦ ಮೀಟರ್ (೨೦,೯೮೬,೯೦೦ ಅಡಿ) ವಿಷುವತ್ತ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯೊನು ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> === ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಅಳತೆಲು === * '''ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ಬಿಂದು:''' ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್ (ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್) — ೭೦° ೪೦′ ೧೧.೨೩″ ಉತ್ತರ<ref name="nor"/> * '''ಅತ್ಯಂತ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊದ ಬಿಂದು:''' ಇಸ್ಮಾಯಿಲ್ (ಸ್ಟಾರೊ-ನೆಕ್ರಾಸೊವ್ಕಾ) — ೪೫° ೨೦′ ೦೨.೯೪″ ಉತ್ತರ<ref name="nor"/> * '''ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಅಕ್ಷಾಂಶೊಡು ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸ:''' ೨೫° ೨೦′ ೦೮.೨೯″<ref name="nor"/> * '''ಒಟ್ಟು ದೂರ:''' ೨,೮೨೧.೮೫೩ ± ೦.೦೧೨ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್<ref name="nor"/> == ಉಂದೆನುಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * [[ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್]] == ಚಿತ್ರೊ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ == <gallery mode="packed" heights="180"> File:Tartu asv2022-04 img06 Old Observatory.jpg|ಟಾರ್ಟು ಹಳೆಯ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ File:GoglandZ.jpg|ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್‌ದ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ Z File:Struve Geodetic Arc in Felshtyn.jpg|ಫೆಲ್ಶ್ಟಿನ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ಫಲಕ File:Rudi IMG 4386.jpg|ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾದ ರುಡಿದ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ File:Hammerfest, fuglenes, memoriale per l'arco geodetico di struve, misurato a partire da qui, colonna 02.jpg|ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ </gallery> == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲುಲು == {{Commons|Struve Geodetic Arc}} * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1187 ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ — UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಕೇಂದ್ರ] * [https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/1187.pdf UNESCOದ ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನ ವರದಿ] * [http://www.fig.net/news/news_2004/struve.htm FIG – ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ ಆವೊಡ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾಪ] * [http://www.fig.net/hsm/struve/struve_arc_smith_2005.pdf J. R. Smith – The Struve Geodetic Arc] * [http://struvearc.lv Latvia Struve Arc ವೆಬ್‌ಸೈಟ್] * [http://post.ee/?id=1595&product_id=8192&c_tpl=1019 ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ಗ್ ಸಮರ್ಪಿತ ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ಅಂಚೆ ಚೀಟಿ] == ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == * [[ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್]] {{Navboxes |list = {{World Heritage Sites in Belarus}} {{World Heritage Sites in Estonia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Finland}} {{World Heritage Sites in Latvia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Lithuania}} {{World Heritage Sites in Moldova}} {{World Heritage Sites in Norway}} {{World Heritage Sites in Russia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Sweden}} {{World Heritage Sites in Ukraine}} }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Struve Geodetic Arc]] [[Category:Geodetic surveys]] [[Category:Tartu]] [[Category:Väike-Maarja Parish]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Belarus]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Estonia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Finland]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Latvia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Lithuania]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Moldova]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Norway]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Russia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Sweden]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Ukraine]] [[Category:Struve family]] fpyt0amyp9gvg58zkr565nztdchnblj 366871 366865 2026-08-24T09:31:04Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 ಪುಟದಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಮಾಹಿತಿಯನ್ನೂ ತಗೆಯುತ್ತಿರುವೆ 366871 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 366875 366871 2026-08-24T09:49:40Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366875 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುದ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ [[ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ [[ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಕರೆತೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು [ಅವ್ರಾಮ್] ಬರೆಯೆರ್, "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟೆರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> [[ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ|ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್]] ಬಂದರ್ [[ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ]] (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಹಸಿರು-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ [[ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್)|ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್]] ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ [[ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್]] ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಕೆಳಗ್ ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|''[[ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್]]''] ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು]] ಈ ಹೆಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನಾರ್..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ [[ಬುಹ್ ನದಿ|ಬೋಹ್]] ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ಕೆಳ್ಗ್ ಎಂಟು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಕಳೆವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆ, ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್, [[ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ|ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗ]] ದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, [[ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್#ದಂಗೆ|ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ]] ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್..<ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅನೇಕ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ [[ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವ|ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವ]] ದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, [[ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ]] ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ನಂತರ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ತೆರೆಯೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == Duke de Richelieu Monument == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Statue of the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duc de Richelieu]]]] At the top of the stairs is the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duke de Richelieu]] Monument, depicting Odesa's town governor. The Roman-toga figure was designed by the Russian sculptor, [[Ivan Martos|Ivan Petrovich Martos]] (1754–1835). The statue was cast in bronze by [[Yefimov]] and unveiled in 1826. It is the first monument erected in the city,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> and memorializes him for the period of growth and prosperity he led during the 11 years of his administration.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == Observations and descriptions of the stairs == {{cquote|A flight of steps unequalled in magnificence, leads down the declivity to the shore and harbour<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog | location =London }} p. 260.</ref> }} {{cquote|This expensive and useless toy, is likely to cost nearly forty thousand pounds.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref> }} {{cquote|One of the great sights of Odessa is the staircase street that extends from the harbor shore to the end of the fine boulevard at the top of the hill. Seeing it, don't you involuntarily wonder why such an idea is not oftener carried out? The very simplicity of the design gives it a monumental character; the effect is certainly dignified and majestic. It would be no small task to climb all those stairs. Twenty steps in each flight, ten flights to climb, we should be glad of the ten level landings for breathing space before we reached the top of the hill.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref> }} {{cquote|From the centre of the Boulevard, a staircase called the "escalier monstre" descends to the beach. The contractor for this work was ruined. It is an ill-conceived design if intended for ornament; its utility is more than doubtful and its execution defective, that its fall is already anticipated. An Odessa wag has prophesied that the Duc de Richelieu, whose statue is at the top, will be the first person to go down it.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref> }} {{cquote|Viewed from one side, the figure [Duke de Richelieu Monument] seems so miserable that wags claim that it seems to be saying "'Give money here'"<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref> }} {{cquote|Seen from below the vast staircase [the Duke de Richelieu Monument] "appeared crushed" and, the statue should have been of colossal dimensions or else it should have been placed elsewhere.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref> }} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the landings are invisible from the bottom. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the steps are invisible from the top. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|alt=The lower station of the Odesa Funicular, with the Potemkin Stairs on the right|The lower station of the [[Odesa Funicular]], with the Potemkin Stairs on the right </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] fgdh7xqhewi6q9oqi00zwc2gnkj4uiv 366876 366875 2026-08-24T11:02:00Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* */ 366876 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ [[ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ [[ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಕರೆತೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು [ಅವ್ರಾಮ್] ಬರೆಯೆರ್, "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟೆರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> [[ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ|ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್]] ಬಂದರ್ [[ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ]] (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಹಸಿರು-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ [[ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್)|ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್]] ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ [[ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್]] ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಕೆಳಗ್ ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|''[[ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್]]''] ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು]] ಈ ಹೆಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನಾರ್..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ [[ಬುಹ್ ನದಿ|ಬೋಹ್]] ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ಕೆಳ್ಗ್ ಎಂಟು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಕಳೆವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆ, ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್, [[ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ|ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗ]] ದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, [[ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್#ದಂಗೆ|ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ]] ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್..<ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅನೇಕ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ [[ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವ|ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವ]] ದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, [[ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ]] ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ನಂತರ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ತೆರೆಯೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == Duke de Richelieu Monument == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Statue of the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duc de Richelieu]]]] At the top of the stairs is the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duke de Richelieu]] Monument, depicting Odesa's town governor. The Roman-toga figure was designed by the Russian sculptor, [[Ivan Martos|Ivan Petrovich Martos]] (1754–1835). The statue was cast in bronze by [[Yefimov]] and unveiled in 1826. It is the first monument erected in the city,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> and memorializes him for the period of growth and prosperity he led during the 11 years of his administration.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == Observations and descriptions of the stairs == {{cquote|A flight of steps unequalled in magnificence, leads down the declivity to the shore and harbour<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog | location =London }} p. 260.</ref> }} {{cquote|This expensive and useless toy, is likely to cost nearly forty thousand pounds.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref> }} {{cquote|One of the great sights of Odessa is the staircase street that extends from the harbor shore to the end of the fine boulevard at the top of the hill. Seeing it, don't you involuntarily wonder why such an idea is not oftener carried out? The very simplicity of the design gives it a monumental character; the effect is certainly dignified and majestic. It would be no small task to climb all those stairs. Twenty steps in each flight, ten flights to climb, we should be glad of the ten level landings for breathing space before we reached the top of the hill.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref> }} {{cquote|From the centre of the Boulevard, a staircase called the "escalier monstre" descends to the beach. The contractor for this work was ruined. It is an ill-conceived design if intended for ornament; its utility is more than doubtful and its execution defective, that its fall is already anticipated. An Odessa wag has prophesied that the Duc de Richelieu, whose statue is at the top, will be the first person to go down it.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref> }} {{cquote|Viewed from one side, the figure [Duke de Richelieu Monument] seems so miserable that wags claim that it seems to be saying "'Give money here'"<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref> }} {{cquote|Seen from below the vast staircase [the Duke de Richelieu Monument] "appeared crushed" and, the statue should have been of colossal dimensions or else it should have been placed elsewhere.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref> }} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the landings are invisible from the bottom. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the steps are invisible from the top. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|alt=The lower station of the Odesa Funicular, with the Potemkin Stairs on the right|The lower station of the [[Odesa Funicular]], with the Potemkin Stairs on the right </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] qmhk0jr04i2rr9genpf03ss1jsdj3ax 366878 366876 2026-08-24T11:05:35Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* */ 366878 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ [[ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ [[ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಕರೆತೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು [ಅವ್ರಾಮ್] ಬರೆಯೆರ್, "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟೆರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> [[ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ|ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್]] ಬಂದರ್ [[ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ]] (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಹಸಿರು-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ [[ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್)|ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್]] ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ [[ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್]] ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಕೆಳಗ್ ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|''[[ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್]]''] ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು]] ಈ ಹೆಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನಾರ್..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ [[ಬುಹ್ ನದಿ|ಬೋಹ್]] ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ಕೆಳ್ಗ್ ಎಂಟು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಕಳೆವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆ, ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್, [[ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ|ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗ]] ದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, [[ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್#ದಂಗೆ|ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ]] ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್..<ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅನೇಕ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ [[ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವ|ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವ]] ದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, [[ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ]] ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ನಂತರ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ತೆರೆಯೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == Duke de Richelieu Monument == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Statue of the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duc de Richelieu]]]] At the top of the stairs is the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duke de Richelieu]] Monument, depicting Odesa's town governor. The Roman-toga figure was designed by the Russian sculptor, [[Ivan Martos|Ivan Petrovich Martos]] (1754–1835). The statue was cast in bronze by [[Yefimov]] and unveiled in 1826. It is the first monument erected in the city,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> and memorializes him for the period of growth and prosperity he led during the 11 years of his administration.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == Observations and descriptions of the stairs == {{cquote|A flight of steps unequalled in magnificence, leads down the declivity to the shore and harbour<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog | location =London }} p. 260.</ref> }} {{cquote|This expensive and useless toy, is likely to cost nearly forty thousand pounds.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref> }} {{cquote|One of the great sights of Odessa is the staircase street that extends from the harbor shore to the end of the fine boulevard at the top of the hill. Seeing it, don't you involuntarily wonder why such an idea is not oftener carried out? The very simplicity of the design gives it a monumental character; the effect is certainly dignified and majestic. It would be no small task to climb all those stairs. Twenty steps in each flight, ten flights to climb, we should be glad of the ten level landings for breathing space before we reached the top of the hill.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref> }} {{cquote|From the centre of the Boulevard, a staircase called the "escalier monstre" descends to the beach. The contractor for this work was ruined. It is an ill-conceived design if intended for ornament; its utility is more than doubtful and its execution defective, that its fall is already anticipated. An Odessa wag has prophesied that the Duc de Richelieu, whose statue is at the top, will be the first person to go down it.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref> }} {{cquote|Viewed from one side, the figure [Duke de Richelieu Monument] seems so miserable that wags claim that it seems to be saying "'Give money here'"<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref> }} {{cquote|Seen from below the vast staircase [the Duke de Richelieu Monument] "appeared crushed" and, the statue should have been of colossal dimensions or else it should have been placed elsewhere.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref> }} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the landings are invisible from the bottom. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the steps are invisible from the top. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|alt=The lower station of the Odesa Funicular, with the Potemkin Stairs on the right|The lower station of the [[Odesa Funicular]], with the Potemkin Stairs on the right </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] 9y9k0i7ium47mi8m9tvfouwd49bibwz 366879 366878 2026-08-24T11:15:05Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366879 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ [[ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್]] ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಕೆಳಗ್ ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|''[[ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್]]''] ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು]] ಈ ಹೆಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನಾರ್..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ [[ಬುಹ್ ನದಿ|ಬೋಹ್]] ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ಕೆಳ್ಗ್ ಎಂಟು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಕಳೆವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆ, ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್, [[ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ|ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗ]] ದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, [[ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್#ದಂಗೆ|ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ]] ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್..<ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅನೇಕ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ [[ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವ|ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವ]] ದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, [[ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ]] ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ನಂತರ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ತೆರೆಯೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == Duke de Richelieu Monument == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Statue of the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duc de Richelieu]]]] At the top of the stairs is the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duke de Richelieu]] Monument, depicting Odesa's town governor. The Roman-toga figure was designed by the Russian sculptor, [[Ivan Martos|Ivan Petrovich Martos]] (1754–1835). The statue was cast in bronze by [[Yefimov]] and unveiled in 1826. It is the first monument erected in the city,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> and memorializes him for the period of growth and prosperity he led during the 11 years of his administration.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == Observations and descriptions of the stairs == {{cquote|A flight of steps unequalled in magnificence, leads down the declivity to the shore and harbour<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog | location =London }} p. 260.</ref> }} {{cquote|This expensive and useless toy, is likely to cost nearly forty thousand pounds.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref> }} {{cquote|One of the great sights of Odessa is the staircase street that extends from the harbor shore to the end of the fine boulevard at the top of the hill. Seeing it, don't you involuntarily wonder why such an idea is not oftener carried out? The very simplicity of the design gives it a monumental character; the effect is certainly dignified and majestic. It would be no small task to climb all those stairs. Twenty steps in each flight, ten flights to climb, we should be glad of the ten level landings for breathing space before we reached the top of the hill.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref> }} {{cquote|From the centre of the Boulevard, a staircase called the "escalier monstre" descends to the beach. The contractor for this work was ruined. It is an ill-conceived design if intended for ornament; its utility is more than doubtful and its execution defective, that its fall is already anticipated. An Odessa wag has prophesied that the Duc de Richelieu, whose statue is at the top, will be the first person to go down it.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref> }} {{cquote|Viewed from one side, the figure [Duke de Richelieu Monument] seems so miserable that wags claim that it seems to be saying "'Give money here'"<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref> }} {{cquote|Seen from below the vast staircase [the Duke de Richelieu Monument] "appeared crushed" and, the statue should have been of colossal dimensions or else it should have been placed elsewhere.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref> }} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the landings are invisible from the bottom. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the steps are invisible from the top. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|alt=The lower station of the Odesa Funicular, with the Potemkin Stairs on the right|The lower station of the [[Odesa Funicular]], with the Potemkin Stairs on the right </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] ghjnspdsscwncw9br6gekia9wfegxuw 366880 366879 2026-08-24T11:20:48Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366880 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|''[[ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್]]''] ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == Duke de Richelieu Monument == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Statue of the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duc de Richelieu]]]] At the top of the stairs is the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duke de Richelieu]] Monument, depicting Odesa's town governor. The Roman-toga figure was designed by the Russian sculptor, [[Ivan Martos|Ivan Petrovich Martos]] (1754–1835). The statue was cast in bronze by [[Yefimov]] and unveiled in 1826. It is the first monument erected in the city,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> and memorializes him for the period of growth and prosperity he led during the 11 years of his administration.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == Observations and descriptions of the stairs == {{cquote|A flight of steps unequalled in magnificence, leads down the declivity to the shore and harbour<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog | location =London }} p. 260.</ref> }} {{cquote|This expensive and useless toy, is likely to cost nearly forty thousand pounds.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref> }} {{cquote|One of the great sights of Odessa is the staircase street that extends from the harbor shore to the end of the fine boulevard at the top of the hill. Seeing it, don't you involuntarily wonder why such an idea is not oftener carried out? The very simplicity of the design gives it a monumental character; the effect is certainly dignified and majestic. It would be no small task to climb all those stairs. Twenty steps in each flight, ten flights to climb, we should be glad of the ten level landings for breathing space before we reached the top of the hill.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref> }} {{cquote|From the centre of the Boulevard, a staircase called the "escalier monstre" descends to the beach. The contractor for this work was ruined. It is an ill-conceived design if intended for ornament; its utility is more than doubtful and its execution defective, that its fall is already anticipated. An Odessa wag has prophesied that the Duc de Richelieu, whose statue is at the top, will be the first person to go down it.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref> }} {{cquote|Viewed from one side, the figure [Duke de Richelieu Monument] seems so miserable that wags claim that it seems to be saying "'Give money here'"<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref> }} {{cquote|Seen from below the vast staircase [the Duke de Richelieu Monument] "appeared crushed" and, the statue should have been of colossal dimensions or else it should have been placed elsewhere.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref> }} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the landings are invisible from the bottom. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the steps are invisible from the top. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|alt=The lower station of the Odesa Funicular, with the Potemkin Stairs on the right|The lower station of the [[Odesa Funicular]], with the Potemkin Stairs on the right </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] a7oyf86x38cj5atxppiia8mo56hw042 366881 366880 2026-08-24T11:21:05Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366881 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|''[[ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == Duke de Richelieu Monument == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Statue of the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duc de Richelieu]]]] At the top of the stairs is the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duke de Richelieu]] Monument, depicting Odesa's town governor. The Roman-toga figure was designed by the Russian sculptor, [[Ivan Martos|Ivan Petrovich Martos]] (1754–1835). The statue was cast in bronze by [[Yefimov]] and unveiled in 1826. It is the first monument erected in the city,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> and memorializes him for the period of growth and prosperity he led during the 11 years of his administration.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == Observations and descriptions of the stairs == {{cquote|A flight of steps unequalled in magnificence, leads down the declivity to the shore and harbour<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog | location =London }} p. 260.</ref> }} {{cquote|This expensive and useless toy, is likely to cost nearly forty thousand pounds.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref> }} {{cquote|One of the great sights of Odessa is the staircase street that extends from the harbor shore to the end of the fine boulevard at the top of the hill. Seeing it, don't you involuntarily wonder why such an idea is not oftener carried out? The very simplicity of the design gives it a monumental character; the effect is certainly dignified and majestic. It would be no small task to climb all those stairs. Twenty steps in each flight, ten flights to climb, we should be glad of the ten level landings for breathing space before we reached the top of the hill.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref> }} {{cquote|From the centre of the Boulevard, a staircase called the "escalier monstre" descends to the beach. The contractor for this work was ruined. It is an ill-conceived design if intended for ornament; its utility is more than doubtful and its execution defective, that its fall is already anticipated. An Odessa wag has prophesied that the Duc de Richelieu, whose statue is at the top, will be the first person to go down it.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref> }} {{cquote|Viewed from one side, the figure [Duke de Richelieu Monument] seems so miserable that wags claim that it seems to be saying "'Give money here'"<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref> }} {{cquote|Seen from below the vast staircase [the Duke de Richelieu Monument] "appeared crushed" and, the statue should have been of colossal dimensions or else it should have been placed elsewhere.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref> }} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the landings are invisible from the bottom. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the steps are invisible from the top. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|alt=The lower station of the Odesa Funicular, with the Potemkin Stairs on the right|The lower station of the [[Odesa Funicular]], with the Potemkin Stairs on the right </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] fqtiuzm5baf4s5sy84gspmi4846kb1s 366882 366881 2026-08-24T11:21:30Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ */ 366882 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|[[ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == Duke de Richelieu Monument == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Statue of the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duc de Richelieu]]]] At the top of the stairs is the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duke de Richelieu]] Monument, depicting Odesa's town governor. The Roman-toga figure was designed by the Russian sculptor, [[Ivan Martos|Ivan Petrovich Martos]] (1754–1835). The statue was cast in bronze by [[Yefimov]] and unveiled in 1826. It is the first monument erected in the city,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> and memorializes him for the period of growth and prosperity he led during the 11 years of his administration.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == Observations and descriptions of the stairs == {{cquote|A flight of steps unequalled in magnificence, leads down the declivity to the shore and harbour<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog | location =London }} p. 260.</ref> }} {{cquote|This expensive and useless toy, is likely to cost nearly forty thousand pounds.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref> }} {{cquote|One of the great sights of Odessa is the staircase street that extends from the harbor shore to the end of the fine boulevard at the top of the hill. Seeing it, don't you involuntarily wonder why such an idea is not oftener carried out? The very simplicity of the design gives it a monumental character; the effect is certainly dignified and majestic. It would be no small task to climb all those stairs. Twenty steps in each flight, ten flights to climb, we should be glad of the ten level landings for breathing space before we reached the top of the hill.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref> }} {{cquote|From the centre of the Boulevard, a staircase called the "escalier monstre" descends to the beach. The contractor for this work was ruined. It is an ill-conceived design if intended for ornament; its utility is more than doubtful and its execution defective, that its fall is already anticipated. An Odessa wag has prophesied that the Duc de Richelieu, whose statue is at the top, will be the first person to go down it.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref> }} {{cquote|Viewed from one side, the figure [Duke de Richelieu Monument] seems so miserable that wags claim that it seems to be saying "'Give money here'"<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref> }} {{cquote|Seen from below the vast staircase [the Duke de Richelieu Monument] "appeared crushed" and, the statue should have been of colossal dimensions or else it should have been placed elsewhere.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref> }} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the landings are invisible from the bottom. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the steps are invisible from the top. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|alt=The lower station of the Odesa Funicular, with the Potemkin Stairs on the right|The lower station of the [[Odesa Funicular]], with the Potemkin Stairs on the right </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] 558pnhobncj6bo6qycha9h250h9ke9k 366883 366882 2026-08-24T11:22:00Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ */ 366883 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|[[ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]]]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == Duke de Richelieu Monument == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Statue of the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duc de Richelieu]]]] At the top of the stairs is the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duke de Richelieu]] Monument, depicting Odesa's town governor. The Roman-toga figure was designed by the Russian sculptor, [[Ivan Martos|Ivan Petrovich Martos]] (1754–1835). The statue was cast in bronze by [[Yefimov]] and unveiled in 1826. It is the first monument erected in the city,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> and memorializes him for the period of growth and prosperity he led during the 11 years of his administration.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == Observations and descriptions of the stairs == {{cquote|A flight of steps unequalled in magnificence, leads down the declivity to the shore and harbour<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog | location =London }} p. 260.</ref> }} {{cquote|This expensive and useless toy, is likely to cost nearly forty thousand pounds.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref> }} {{cquote|One of the great sights of Odessa is the staircase street that extends from the harbor shore to the end of the fine boulevard at the top of the hill. Seeing it, don't you involuntarily wonder why such an idea is not oftener carried out? The very simplicity of the design gives it a monumental character; the effect is certainly dignified and majestic. It would be no small task to climb all those stairs. Twenty steps in each flight, ten flights to climb, we should be glad of the ten level landings for breathing space before we reached the top of the hill.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref> }} {{cquote|From the centre of the Boulevard, a staircase called the "escalier monstre" descends to the beach. The contractor for this work was ruined. It is an ill-conceived design if intended for ornament; its utility is more than doubtful and its execution defective, that its fall is already anticipated. An Odessa wag has prophesied that the Duc de Richelieu, whose statue is at the top, will be the first person to go down it.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref> }} {{cquote|Viewed from one side, the figure [Duke de Richelieu Monument] seems so miserable that wags claim that it seems to be saying "'Give money here'"<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref> }} {{cquote|Seen from below the vast staircase [the Duke de Richelieu Monument] "appeared crushed" and, the statue should have been of colossal dimensions or else it should have been placed elsewhere.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref> }} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the landings are invisible from the bottom. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the steps are invisible from the top. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|alt=The lower station of the Odesa Funicular, with the Potemkin Stairs on the right|The lower station of the [[Odesa Funicular]], with the Potemkin Stairs on the right </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] 254g5hs6eah6qwqduut9gny8ikvnj5e 366884 366883 2026-08-24T11:22:21Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ */ 366884 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == Duke de Richelieu Monument == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Statue of the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duc de Richelieu]]]] At the top of the stairs is the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duke de Richelieu]] Monument, depicting Odesa's town governor. The Roman-toga figure was designed by the Russian sculptor, [[Ivan Martos|Ivan Petrovich Martos]] (1754–1835). The statue was cast in bronze by [[Yefimov]] and unveiled in 1826. It is the first monument erected in the city,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> and memorializes him for the period of growth and prosperity he led during the 11 years of his administration.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == Observations and descriptions of the stairs == {{cquote|A flight of steps unequalled in magnificence, leads down the declivity to the shore and harbour<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog | location =London }} p. 260.</ref> }} {{cquote|This expensive and useless toy, is likely to cost nearly forty thousand pounds.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref> }} {{cquote|One of the great sights of Odessa is the staircase street that extends from the harbor shore to the end of the fine boulevard at the top of the hill. Seeing it, don't you involuntarily wonder why such an idea is not oftener carried out? The very simplicity of the design gives it a monumental character; the effect is certainly dignified and majestic. It would be no small task to climb all those stairs. Twenty steps in each flight, ten flights to climb, we should be glad of the ten level landings for breathing space before we reached the top of the hill.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref> }} {{cquote|From the centre of the Boulevard, a staircase called the "escalier monstre" descends to the beach. The contractor for this work was ruined. It is an ill-conceived design if intended for ornament; its utility is more than doubtful and its execution defective, that its fall is already anticipated. An Odessa wag has prophesied that the Duc de Richelieu, whose statue is at the top, will be the first person to go down it.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref> }} {{cquote|Viewed from one side, the figure [Duke de Richelieu Monument] seems so miserable that wags claim that it seems to be saying "'Give money here'"<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref> }} {{cquote|Seen from below the vast staircase [the Duke de Richelieu Monument] "appeared crushed" and, the statue should have been of colossal dimensions or else it should have been placed elsewhere.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref> }} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the landings are invisible from the bottom. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the steps are invisible from the top. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|alt=The lower station of the Odesa Funicular, with the Potemkin Stairs on the right|The lower station of the [[Odesa Funicular]], with the Potemkin Stairs on the right </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] 7tckl5921c9rfuayi6lc04hzy3gabkr 366885 366884 2026-08-24T11:30:25Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ */ 366885 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್]] ಸ್ಮಾರಕ]] ಸೊಪಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಮೇಲ್ಪಾಂತದ್ [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್]] ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂಡು. ಇತ್ತ್ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ ಪಟ್ಟಣದ್ ಆಡಳಿತಾಧಿಕಾರಿಯಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್‌ನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯಾದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. ರೋಮನ್ ಟೋಗಾ ಧರಿಸಿನ ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ [[Ivan Martos|ಇವಾನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೋವಿಚ್ ಮಾರ್ತೋಸ್]] (1754–1835) ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ [[Yefimov]] ಕಂಚುದ್ ಎರ್ದ್ 1826ಡ್ ಅನಾವರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಇತ್ತ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣದ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮೊಟ್ಟಮೊದಲ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಆವೊಂದು,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ 11 ವರ್ಸೊಲೆನ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊದ್ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ್ ಆಯಿನ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿನ್ ನೆನಪಾದ್ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == Duke de Richelieu Monument == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Statue of the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duc de Richelieu]]]] At the top of the stairs is the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duke de Richelieu]] Monument, depicting Odesa's town governor. The Roman-toga figure was designed by the Russian sculptor, [[Ivan Martos|Ivan Petrovich Martos]] (1754–1835). The statue was cast in bronze by [[Yefimov]] and unveiled in 1826. It is the first monument erected in the city,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> and memorializes him for the period of growth and prosperity he led during the 11 years of his administration.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == Observations and descriptions of the stairs == {{cquote|A flight of steps unequalled in magnificence, leads down the declivity to the shore and harbour<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog | location =London }} p. 260.</ref> }} {{cquote|This expensive and useless toy, is likely to cost nearly forty thousand pounds.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref> }} {{cquote|One of the great sights of Odessa is the staircase street that extends from the harbor shore to the end of the fine boulevard at the top of the hill. Seeing it, don't you involuntarily wonder why such an idea is not oftener carried out? The very simplicity of the design gives it a monumental character; the effect is certainly dignified and majestic. It would be no small task to climb all those stairs. Twenty steps in each flight, ten flights to climb, we should be glad of the ten level landings for breathing space before we reached the top of the hill.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref> }} {{cquote|From the centre of the Boulevard, a staircase called the "escalier monstre" descends to the beach. The contractor for this work was ruined. It is an ill-conceived design if intended for ornament; its utility is more than doubtful and its execution defective, that its fall is already anticipated. An Odessa wag has prophesied that the Duc de Richelieu, whose statue is at the top, will be the first person to go down it.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref> }} {{cquote|Viewed from one side, the figure [Duke de Richelieu Monument] seems so miserable that wags claim that it seems to be saying "'Give money here'"<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref> }} {{cquote|Seen from below the vast staircase [the Duke de Richelieu Monument] "appeared crushed" and, the statue should have been of colossal dimensions or else it should have been placed elsewhere.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref> }} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the landings are invisible from the bottom. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the steps are invisible from the top. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|alt=The lower station of the Odesa Funicular, with the Potemkin Stairs on the right|The lower station of the [[Odesa Funicular]], with the Potemkin Stairs on the right </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] desgumjz21hltsqndycw03kgs6suqyg 366886 366885 2026-08-24T11:33:51Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366886 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ]] ಸೊಪಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಮೇಲ್ಪಾಂತೊದ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ನ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂಡು. ಇತ್ತೆ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ಆಡಳಿತಾಧಿಕಾರಿಯಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್‌ನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯಾದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. ರೋಮನ್ ಟೋಗಾ ಪಾಡುದಿನ ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೋವಿಚ್ ಮಾರ್ತೋಸ್ (1754–1835) ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ಎಫಿಮೊವ್ ಕಂಚುದ್ ಎರ್ದ್ 1826ಡ್ ಅನಾವರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಸುರುತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂದು,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ 11 ವರ್ಸೊಲೆನ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ದ್ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ್ ಆಯಿನ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿನ್ ನೆನಪಾದ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಮಂದೆರ್.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == Duke de Richelieu Monument == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Statue of the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duc de Richelieu]]]] At the top of the stairs is the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duke de Richelieu]] Monument, depicting Odesa's town governor. The Roman-toga figure was designed by the Russian sculptor, [[Ivan Martos|Ivan Petrovich Martos]] (1754–1835). The statue was cast in bronze by [[Yefimov]] and unveiled in 1826. It is the first monument erected in the city,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> and memorializes him for the period of growth and prosperity he led during the 11 years of his administration.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == Observations and descriptions of the stairs == {{cquote|A flight of steps unequalled in magnificence, leads down the declivity to the shore and harbour<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog | location =London }} p. 260.</ref> }} {{cquote|This expensive and useless toy, is likely to cost nearly forty thousand pounds.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref> }} {{cquote|One of the great sights of Odessa is the staircase street that extends from the harbor shore to the end of the fine boulevard at the top of the hill. Seeing it, don't you involuntarily wonder why such an idea is not oftener carried out? The very simplicity of the design gives it a monumental character; the effect is certainly dignified and majestic. It would be no small task to climb all those stairs. Twenty steps in each flight, ten flights to climb, we should be glad of the ten level landings for breathing space before we reached the top of the hill.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref> }} {{cquote|From the centre of the Boulevard, a staircase called the "escalier monstre" descends to the beach. The contractor for this work was ruined. It is an ill-conceived design if intended for ornament; its utility is more than doubtful and its execution defective, that its fall is already anticipated. An Odessa wag has prophesied that the Duc de Richelieu, whose statue is at the top, will be the first person to go down it.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref> }} {{cquote|Viewed from one side, the figure [Duke de Richelieu Monument] seems so miserable that wags claim that it seems to be saying "'Give money here'"<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref> }} {{cquote|Seen from below the vast staircase [the Duke de Richelieu Monument] "appeared crushed" and, the statue should have been of colossal dimensions or else it should have been placed elsewhere.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref> }} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the landings are invisible from the bottom. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the steps are invisible from the top. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|alt=The lower station of the Odesa Funicular, with the Potemkin Stairs on the right|The lower station of the [[Odesa Funicular]], with the Potemkin Stairs on the right </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] gu0a8pdhpf5qj3l349sn4pca48jnjvr 366887 366886 2026-08-24T11:34:14Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ */ 366887 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ]]]] ಸೊಪಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಮೇಲ್ಪಾಂತೊದ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ನ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂಡು. ಇತ್ತೆ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ಆಡಳಿತಾಧಿಕಾರಿಯಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್‌ನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯಾದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. ರೋಮನ್ ಟೋಗಾ ಪಾಡುದಿನ ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೋವಿಚ್ ಮಾರ್ತೋಸ್ (1754–1835) ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ಎಫಿಮೊವ್ ಕಂಚುದ್ ಎರ್ದ್ 1826ಡ್ ಅನಾವರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಸುರುತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂದು,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ 11 ವರ್ಸೊಲೆನ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ದ್ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ್ ಆಯಿನ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿನ್ ನೆನಪಾದ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಮಂದೆರ್.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == Duke de Richelieu Monument == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Statue of the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duc de Richelieu]]]] At the top of the stairs is the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duke de Richelieu]] Monument, depicting Odesa's town governor. The Roman-toga figure was designed by the Russian sculptor, [[Ivan Martos|Ivan Petrovich Martos]] (1754–1835). The statue was cast in bronze by [[Yefimov]] and unveiled in 1826. It is the first monument erected in the city,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> and memorializes him for the period of growth and prosperity he led during the 11 years of his administration.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == Observations and descriptions of the stairs == {{cquote|A flight of steps unequalled in magnificence, leads down the declivity to the shore and harbour<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog | location =London }} p. 260.</ref> }} {{cquote|This expensive and useless toy, is likely to cost nearly forty thousand pounds.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref> }} {{cquote|One of the great sights of Odessa is the staircase street that extends from the harbor shore to the end of the fine boulevard at the top of the hill. Seeing it, don't you involuntarily wonder why such an idea is not oftener carried out? The very simplicity of the design gives it a monumental character; the effect is certainly dignified and majestic. It would be no small task to climb all those stairs. Twenty steps in each flight, ten flights to climb, we should be glad of the ten level landings for breathing space before we reached the top of the hill.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref> }} {{cquote|From the centre of the Boulevard, a staircase called the "escalier monstre" descends to the beach. The contractor for this work was ruined. It is an ill-conceived design if intended for ornament; its utility is more than doubtful and its execution defective, that its fall is already anticipated. An Odessa wag has prophesied that the Duc de Richelieu, whose statue is at the top, will be the first person to go down it.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref> }} {{cquote|Viewed from one side, the figure [Duke de Richelieu Monument] seems so miserable that wags claim that it seems to be saying "'Give money here'"<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref> }} {{cquote|Seen from below the vast staircase [the Duke de Richelieu Monument] "appeared crushed" and, the statue should have been of colossal dimensions or else it should have been placed elsewhere.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref> }} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the landings are invisible from the bottom. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the steps are invisible from the top. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|alt=The lower station of the Odesa Funicular, with the Potemkin Stairs on the right|The lower station of the [[Odesa Funicular]], with the Potemkin Stairs on the right </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] gioifwzrmpbbuqmkv0ul8pmzzmqml18 366888 366887 2026-08-24T11:34:41Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ */ 366888 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ]]]] ಸೊಪಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಮೇಲ್ಪಾಂತೊದ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ನ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂಡು. ಇತ್ತೆ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ಆಡಳಿತಾಧಿಕಾರಿಯಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್‌ನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯಾದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. ರೋಮನ್ ಟೋಗಾ ಪಾಡುದಿನ ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೋವಿಚ್ ಮಾರ್ತೋಸ್ (1754–1835) ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ಎಫಿಮೊವ್ ಕಂಚುದ್ ಎರ್ದ್ 1826ಡ್ ಅನಾವರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಸುರುತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂದು,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ 11 ವರ್ಸೊಲೆನ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ದ್ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ್ ಆಯಿನ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿನ್ ನೆನಪಾದ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಮಂದೆರ್.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == Duke de Richelieu Monument == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Statue of the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duc de Richelieu]]]] At the top of the stairs is the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duke de Richelieu]] Monument, depicting Odesa's town governor. The Roman-toga figure was designed by the Russian sculptor, [[Ivan Martos|Ivan Petrovich Martos]] (1754–1835). The statue was cast in bronze by [[Yefimov]] and unveiled in 1826. It is the first monument erected in the city,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> and memorializes him for the period of growth and prosperity he led during the 11 years of his administration.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == Observations and descriptions of the stairs == {{cquote|A flight of steps unequalled in magnificence, leads down the declivity to the shore and harbour<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog | location =London }} p. 260.</ref> }} {{cquote|This expensive and useless toy, is likely to cost nearly forty thousand pounds.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref> }} {{cquote|One of the great sights of Odessa is the staircase street that extends from the harbor shore to the end of the fine boulevard at the top of the hill. Seeing it, don't you involuntarily wonder why such an idea is not oftener carried out? The very simplicity of the design gives it a monumental character; the effect is certainly dignified and majestic. It would be no small task to climb all those stairs. Twenty steps in each flight, ten flights to climb, we should be glad of the ten level landings for breathing space before we reached the top of the hill.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref> }} {{cquote|From the centre of the Boulevard, a staircase called the "escalier monstre" descends to the beach. The contractor for this work was ruined. It is an ill-conceived design if intended for ornament; its utility is more than doubtful and its execution defective, that its fall is already anticipated. An Odessa wag has prophesied that the Duc de Richelieu, whose statue is at the top, will be the first person to go down it.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref> }} {{cquote|Viewed from one side, the figure [Duke de Richelieu Monument] seems so miserable that wags claim that it seems to be saying "'Give money here'"<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref> }} {{cquote|Seen from below the vast staircase [the Duke de Richelieu Monument] "appeared crushed" and, the statue should have been of colossal dimensions or else it should have been placed elsewhere.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref> }} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the landings are invisible from the bottom. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the steps are invisible from the top. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|alt=The lower station of the Odesa Funicular, with the Potemkin Stairs on the right|The lower station of the [[Odesa Funicular]], with the Potemkin Stairs on the right </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] k9a8vf1w1srx96y0fsr21hdfo6p1mnp 366889 366888 2026-08-24T11:35:08Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366889 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ]] ಸೊಪಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಮೇಲ್ಪಾಂತೊದ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ನ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂಡು. ಇತ್ತೆ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ಆಡಳಿತಾಧಿಕಾರಿಯಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್‌ನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯಾದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. ರೋಮನ್ ಟೋಗಾ ಪಾಡುದಿನ ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೋವಿಚ್ ಮಾರ್ತೋಸ್ (1754–1835) ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ಎಫಿಮೊವ್ ಕಂಚುದ್ ಎರ್ದ್ 1826ಡ್ ಅನಾವರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಸುರುತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂದು,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ 11 ವರ್ಸೊಲೆನ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ದ್ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ್ ಆಯಿನ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿನ್ ನೆನಪಾದ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಮಂದೆರ್.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == Duke de Richelieu Monument == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Statue of the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duc de Richelieu]]]] At the top of the stairs is the [[Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu|Duke de Richelieu]] Monument, depicting Odesa's town governor. The Roman-toga figure was designed by the Russian sculptor, [[Ivan Martos|Ivan Petrovich Martos]] (1754–1835). The statue was cast in bronze by [[Yefimov]] and unveiled in 1826. It is the first monument erected in the city,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> and memorializes him for the period of growth and prosperity he led during the 11 years of his administration.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == Observations and descriptions of the stairs == {{cquote|A flight of steps unequalled in magnificence, leads down the declivity to the shore and harbour<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog | location =London }} p. 260.</ref> }} {{cquote|This expensive and useless toy, is likely to cost nearly forty thousand pounds.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref> }} {{cquote|One of the great sights of Odessa is the staircase street that extends from the harbor shore to the end of the fine boulevard at the top of the hill. Seeing it, don't you involuntarily wonder why such an idea is not oftener carried out? The very simplicity of the design gives it a monumental character; the effect is certainly dignified and majestic. It would be no small task to climb all those stairs. Twenty steps in each flight, ten flights to climb, we should be glad of the ten level landings for breathing space before we reached the top of the hill.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref> }} {{cquote|From the centre of the Boulevard, a staircase called the "escalier monstre" descends to the beach. The contractor for this work was ruined. It is an ill-conceived design if intended for ornament; its utility is more than doubtful and its execution defective, that its fall is already anticipated. An Odessa wag has prophesied that the Duc de Richelieu, whose statue is at the top, will be the first person to go down it.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref> }} {{cquote|Viewed from one side, the figure [Duke de Richelieu Monument] seems so miserable that wags claim that it seems to be saying "'Give money here'"<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref> }} {{cquote|Seen from below the vast staircase [the Duke de Richelieu Monument] "appeared crushed" and, the statue should have been of colossal dimensions or else it should have been placed elsewhere.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref> }} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the landings are invisible from the bottom. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the steps are invisible from the top. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|alt=The lower station of the Odesa Funicular, with the Potemkin Stairs on the right|The lower station of the [[Odesa Funicular]], with the Potemkin Stairs on the right </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] 47koxjgtn4tv87oqatcub57comvxxqs 366890 366889 2026-08-24T11:35:26Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366890 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ]] ಸೊಪಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಮೇಲ್ಪಾಂತೊದ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ನ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂಡು. ಇತ್ತೆ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ಆಡಳಿತಾಧಿಕಾರಿಯಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್‌ನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯಾದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. ರೋಮನ್ ಟೋಗಾ ಪಾಡುದಿನ ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೋವಿಚ್ ಮಾರ್ತೋಸ್ (1754–1835) ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ಎಫಿಮೊವ್ ಕಂಚುದ್ ಎರ್ದ್ 1826ಡ್ ಅನಾವರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಸುರುತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂದು,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ 11 ವರ್ಸೊಲೆನ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ದ್ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ್ ಆಯಿನ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿನ್ ನೆನಪಾದ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಮಂದೆರ್.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == Observations and descriptions of the stairs == {{cquote|A flight of steps unequalled in magnificence, leads down the declivity to the shore and harbour<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog | location =London }} p. 260.</ref> }} {{cquote|This expensive and useless toy, is likely to cost nearly forty thousand pounds.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref> }} {{cquote|One of the great sights of Odessa is the staircase street that extends from the harbor shore to the end of the fine boulevard at the top of the hill. Seeing it, don't you involuntarily wonder why such an idea is not oftener carried out? The very simplicity of the design gives it a monumental character; the effect is certainly dignified and majestic. It would be no small task to climb all those stairs. Twenty steps in each flight, ten flights to climb, we should be glad of the ten level landings for breathing space before we reached the top of the hill.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref> }} {{cquote|From the centre of the Boulevard, a staircase called the "escalier monstre" descends to the beach. The contractor for this work was ruined. It is an ill-conceived design if intended for ornament; its utility is more than doubtful and its execution defective, that its fall is already anticipated. An Odessa wag has prophesied that the Duc de Richelieu, whose statue is at the top, will be the first person to go down it.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref> }} {{cquote|Viewed from one side, the figure [Duke de Richelieu Monument] seems so miserable that wags claim that it seems to be saying "'Give money here'"<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref> }} {{cquote|Seen from below the vast staircase [the Duke de Richelieu Monument] "appeared crushed" and, the statue should have been of colossal dimensions or else it should have been placed elsewhere.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref> }} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the landings are invisible from the bottom. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the steps are invisible from the top. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|alt=The lower station of the Odesa Funicular, with the Potemkin Stairs on the right|The lower station of the [[Odesa Funicular]], with the Potemkin Stairs on the right </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] 86j4xou5oy5gsl1y9byzvus77ed51pd 366891 366890 2026-08-24T11:37:52Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366891 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ]] ಸೊಪಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಮೇಲ್ಪಾಂತೊದ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ನ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂಡು. ಇತ್ತೆ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ಆಡಳಿತಾಧಿಕಾರಿಯಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್‌ನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯಾದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. ರೋಮನ್ ಟೋಗಾ ಪಾಡುದಿನ ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೋವಿಚ್ ಮಾರ್ತೋಸ್ (1754–1835) ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ಎಫಿಮೊವ್ ಕಂಚುದ್ ಎರ್ದ್ 1826ಡ್ ಅನಾವರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಸುರುತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂದು,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ 11 ವರ್ಸೊಲೆನ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ದ್ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ್ ಆಯಿನ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿನ್ ನೆನಪಾದ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಮಂದೆರ್.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲೆರೆನ್ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗಮನೊಲು ಮತ್ ವಿವರಣೆಲು == {{cquote|ಅದ್ಭುತ ಸೌಂದರ್ಯೊದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು ಸಾಲ್ ಇಳಿದು ಕಡಲತೀರೊಕು ಮತ್ ಬಂದರುಗು ಪೊಯ್ಯುನಿ.<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =[https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog] | location =London }} p. 260.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಈ ದುಬಾರಿ ಮತ್ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಇಲ್ಲದ ಆಟಿಕೆದ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಸುಮಾರು ನಲವತ್ತು ಸಾವಿರ ಪೌಂಡ್ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ಮಲ್ಪೊಡಾಯಿನ.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾದ್ದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಖ್ಯ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಇಂದ್ ಬಂದರುದ್ ದಡೊಟ್ಟ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸುಂದರ ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್ ತುದಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಕ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುದ್ ರಸ್ತೆ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಆವೊಂದು. ಇತ್ತ್ ನೋಡ್ದ್, ಇಂಚಿನ ಯೋಚನೆನ್ ಇನ್ಯೆಂಚ್ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಬಾರಿ ಯಾಕೆ ಮಲ್ಪುಜ್ಜೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ನಿಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಹಜೊವಾಗಿಯೇ ಯೋಚನೆ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ್ ಸರಳತೆನೇ ಅದಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದ್ ಗುಣೊ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು; ಪರಿಣಾಮೊ ಖಂಡಿತವಾಗಿಯೂ ಗಂಭೀರ ಮತ್ ಭವ್ಯ ಆಂಡು. ಈ ಎಲ್ಲ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲೆರೆನ್ ಏರುನದು ಸಣ್ಣ ಕೆಲಸ ಅತ್ತ್. ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಸಾಲ್ದ್ ಇಪ್ಪತ್ತು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು, ಏರುನಕ್ ಹತ್ತು ಸಾಲು; ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಲುಪುನ ಮುಂಚೆ ಉಸಿರ್ ಪಾಡುನಕ್ ಹತ್ತು ಸಮತಟ್ಟಾದ ವಿಶ್ರಾಂತಿ ಜಾಗೊಲು ಇಪ್ಪುನದು ನಿಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಂತೋಷ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =[https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog] | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref>}} {{cquote|ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್‌ದ್ ನಡುಪಾಡ್ದ್ "ಎಸ್ಕಲಿಯರ್ ಮೋನ್ಸ್ಟ್ರೆ" (Escalier monstre) ಪಾಡ್ ಪೆರ್ಲೆದ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು ಬೀಚ್‌ಗು ಇಳಿಯುಂಡು. ಈ ಕೆಲಸದ ಗುತ್ತಿಗೆದಾರ ನಷ್ಟ ಆವೊಂದು. ಅಲಂಕಾರೊಕಾದ್ ಮಲ್ಪಿನ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಆಂಡಿತ್ತ್, ಇಡು ಒಂಜಿ ತಪ್ಪು ಯೋಚನೆದ್ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ; ಇದರ ಉಪಯೋಗೊ ಸಂದೇಹಾತೀತವಾಗಿತ್ತು ಮತ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ್ ದೋಷೊಲು ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕಾರಣ, ಇಡು ಬೇಗ ಕುಸಿಯುನ ಸಾಧ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು ಪಂದ್ ಭಾವನೆ ಇತ್ತ್. ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆನೇ ಮೊತ್ತಮೊದಲಾದ್ ಇತ್ತ್ ಇಳಿಯುನ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರ ಭವಿಷ್ಯ ನುಡಿತ್ತಿನ.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಂಜಿ ಬದಿತ್ತ್ ನೋಡ್ದಾಗ, ಆ ಆಕೃತಿ [ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊ] ಇಷ್ಟೊಂದು ದಯನೀಯೊವಾಗಿ ಕಾಣ್ತುಂಡು; ಅದ್ದರಿಂದ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರ್ಲು ಅತ್ತ್ "'ಇತ್ತ್ ದುಡ್ಡ್ ಕೊರ್ಲೆ'" ಪಂದ್ ಪಾತೆರೊನುಂಡು.<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref>}} {{cquote|ವಿಶಾಲ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲೆರೆನ್ ಕೆಳ್ದ್ ನೋಡ್ದಾಗ, ಆ [ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ್] ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ "ಕುಗ್ಗಿದ್ ಹೋಯಿನಂತೆ" ಕಾಣ್ತುಂಡಿತ್ತ್; ಆ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ ಬಹಳ ದೊಡ್ಡ ಗಾತ್ರದ್ ಇಪ್ಪೊಡು, ಇಲ್ಲಾಂಡಿತ್ತ್ ಇನ್ಯೊಂಜಿ ಜಾಗೊಡು ಇಡ್ಪೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಪಾಡಿನ.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref>}} == Observations and descriptions of the stairs == {{cquote|A flight of steps unequalled in magnificence, leads down the declivity to the shore and harbour<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog | location =London }} p. 260.</ref> }} {{cquote|This expensive and useless toy, is likely to cost nearly forty thousand pounds.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref> }} {{cquote|One of the great sights of Odessa is the staircase street that extends from the harbor shore to the end of the fine boulevard at the top of the hill. Seeing it, don't you involuntarily wonder why such an idea is not oftener carried out? The very simplicity of the design gives it a monumental character; the effect is certainly dignified and majestic. It would be no small task to climb all those stairs. Twenty steps in each flight, ten flights to climb, we should be glad of the ten level landings for breathing space before we reached the top of the hill.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref> }} {{cquote|From the centre of the Boulevard, a staircase called the "escalier monstre" descends to the beach. The contractor for this work was ruined. It is an ill-conceived design if intended for ornament; its utility is more than doubtful and its execution defective, that its fall is already anticipated. An Odessa wag has prophesied that the Duc de Richelieu, whose statue is at the top, will be the first person to go down it.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref> }} {{cquote|Viewed from one side, the figure [Duke de Richelieu Monument] seems so miserable that wags claim that it seems to be saying "'Give money here'"<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref> }} {{cquote|Seen from below the vast staircase [the Duke de Richelieu Monument] "appeared crushed" and, the statue should have been of colossal dimensions or else it should have been placed elsewhere.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref> }} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the landings are invisible from the bottom. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the steps are invisible from the top. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|alt=The lower station of the Odesa Funicular, with the Potemkin Stairs on the right|The lower station of the [[Odesa Funicular]], with the Potemkin Stairs on the right </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] e76e0a47xivt9734zaru40d986pgm5t 366892 366891 2026-08-24T11:50:01Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366892 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ]] ಸೊಪಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಮೇಲ್ಪಾಂತೊದ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ನ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂಡು. ಇತ್ತೆ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ಆಡಳಿತಾಧಿಕಾರಿಯಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್‌ನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯಾದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. ರೋಮನ್ ಟೋಗಾ ಪಾಡುದಿನ ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೋವಿಚ್ ಮಾರ್ತೋಸ್ (1754–1835) ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ಎಫಿಮೊವ್ ಕಂಚುದ್ ಎರ್ದ್ 1826ಡ್ ಅನಾವರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಸುರುತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂದು,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ 11 ವರ್ಸೊಲೆನ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ದ್ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ್ ಆಯಿನ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿನ್ ನೆನಪಾದ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಮಂದೆರ್.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗಮನೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿವರಣೆಲು == {{cquote|ಅದ್ಭುತ ಸೌಂದರ್ಯೊದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲ್ ಜತ್ತುದು ಕಡಲತೀರೊಕು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಂದರುಗು ಪೊಯ್ಯುನಿ.<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =[https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog] | location =London }} p. 260.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಈ ದುಬಾರಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಉಪ್ಪಂದಿನ ಆಟಿಕೆದ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಸುಮಾರು ನಲ್ಪ ಸಾವಿರ ಪೌಂಡ್ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ಮಲ್ಪೊಡಾಯಿನ.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾದ್ದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಖ್ಯ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಇಂದ್ ಬಂದರುದ ದಡೊಟ್ಟ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸುಂದರ ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್ ತುದಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಕ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುದ್ ರಸ್ತೆ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಆವೊಂದು. ಇಂಚ ತೂವರೆ, ಇಂಚಿನ ಯೋಚನೆನ್ ನಾನು ಎಂಚ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಬಾರಿ ದಾಯೆ ಮಲ್ಪುಜ್ಜೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ನಿಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಹಜೊವಾಗಿಯೇ ಯೋಚನೆ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ್ ಸರಳತೆನೇ ಅಯಿಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ್ ಗುಣೊ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು; ಪರಿಣಾಮೊ ಖಂಡಿತವಾದೂಲಾ ಗಂಭೀರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭವ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಈ ಪೂರಾ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಏರುನವು ಎಲ್ಯ ಕೆಲಸ ಅತ್ತ್. ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಸಾಲ್ದ್ ಇರ್ವ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು, ಏರುನೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ ಸಾಲುಲು; ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಲುಪುನ ದುಂಬು ಉಸಿರ್ ಪಾಡುನೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ ಸಮತಟ್ಟಾದ ವಿಶ್ರಾಂತಿ ಜಾಗೊಲು ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಜನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಂತೋಷ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =[https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog] | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref>}} {{cquote|ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್‌ದ್ ನಡುಪಾಡ್ದ್ "ಎಸ್ಕಲಿಯರ್ ಮೋನ್ಸ್ಟ್ರೆ" (Escalier monstre) ಪಾಡ್ ಪೆರ್ಲೆದ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೀಚ್‌ಗು ಜಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಅಲಂಕಾರೊಕಾದ್ ಮಲ್ಪಿನ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಒತ್ತು ಉಂದು ಒಂಜಿ ತಪ್ಪು ಯೋಚನೆದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ; ಉಂದೆತ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಸಂದೇಹಾತೀತವಾದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದೋಷೊಲು ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕಾರಣ, ಉಂದು ಬೇಗ ದೊರಿಯುನ ಸಾಧ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು ಪಂದ್ ಭಾವನೆ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊಡ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆನೇ ಸುರುಕಾದ್ ಜಪ್ಪುನ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರೆ ಭವಿಷ್ಯ ಪಂತೆರ್.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಂಜಿ ಬದಿಟ್ ತೂನಗ, ಆ ಆಕೃತಿ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊ ಇತೊಂಜಿ ದಯನೀಯೊವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು; ಅಯಿಡ್ ದಾತ್ರ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರ್ಲು ಅಲ್ಪ "ಅತ್ತ್ ಇತ್ತ್ ದುಡ್ಡ್ ಕೊರ್ಲೆ'" ಪಂದ್ ಪಾತೆರೊನುವೆರ್.<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref>}} {{cquote|ವಿಶಾಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ತೂನಗ, ಆ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ "ಕುಗ್ಗುದ್ ಪೋತಿಲೆಕ್ಕ" ತೋಜುಂಡು; ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ ಮಾ‌ ಮಲ್ಲ ಗಾತ್ರೊಡು ಉಟ್ಟುಕೊಂಡು, ಮುಲ್ಪಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಜಾಗೊಡು ದೀವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಉಂಡು.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref>}} == Observations and descriptions of the stairs == {{cquote|A flight of steps unequalled in magnificence, leads down the declivity to the shore and harbour<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog | location =London }} p. 260.</ref> }} {{cquote|This expensive and useless toy, is likely to cost nearly forty thousand pounds.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref> }} {{cquote|One of the great sights of Odessa is the staircase street that extends from the harbor shore to the end of the fine boulevard at the top of the hill. Seeing it, don't you involuntarily wonder why such an idea is not oftener carried out? The very simplicity of the design gives it a monumental character; the effect is certainly dignified and majestic. It would be no small task to climb all those stairs. Twenty steps in each flight, ten flights to climb, we should be glad of the ten level landings for breathing space before we reached the top of the hill.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref> }} {{cquote|From the centre of the Boulevard, a staircase called the "escalier monstre" descends to the beach. The contractor for this work was ruined. It is an ill-conceived design if intended for ornament; its utility is more than doubtful and its execution defective, that its fall is already anticipated. An Odessa wag has prophesied that the Duc de Richelieu, whose statue is at the top, will be the first person to go down it.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref> }} {{cquote|Viewed from one side, the figure [Duke de Richelieu Monument] seems so miserable that wags claim that it seems to be saying "'Give money here'"<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref> }} {{cquote|Seen from below the vast staircase [the Duke de Richelieu Monument] "appeared crushed" and, the statue should have been of colossal dimensions or else it should have been placed elsewhere.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref> }} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the landings are invisible from the bottom. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the steps are invisible from the top. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|alt=The lower station of the Odesa Funicular, with the Potemkin Stairs on the right|The lower station of the [[Odesa Funicular]], with the Potemkin Stairs on the right </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] hdefpqg4t3p19ft4dd0vtklz3r2aue1 366893 366892 2026-08-24T11:50:21Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366893 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ]] ಸೊಪಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಮೇಲ್ಪಾಂತೊದ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ನ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂಡು. ಇತ್ತೆ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ಆಡಳಿತಾಧಿಕಾರಿಯಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್‌ನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯಾದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. ರೋಮನ್ ಟೋಗಾ ಪಾಡುದಿನ ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೋವಿಚ್ ಮಾರ್ತೋಸ್ (1754–1835) ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ಎಫಿಮೊವ್ ಕಂಚುದ್ ಎರ್ದ್ 1826ಡ್ ಅನಾವರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಸುರುತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂದು,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ 11 ವರ್ಸೊಲೆನ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ದ್ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ್ ಆಯಿನ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿನ್ ನೆನಪಾದ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಮಂದೆರ್.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗಮನೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿವರಣೆಲು == {{cquote|ಅದ್ಭುತ ಸೌಂದರ್ಯೊದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲ್ ಜತ್ತುದು ಕಡಲತೀರೊಕು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಂದರುಗು ಪೊಯ್ಯುನಿ.<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =[https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog] | location =London }} p. 260.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಈ ದುಬಾರಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಉಪ್ಪಂದಿನ ಆಟಿಕೆದ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಸುಮಾರು ನಲ್ಪ ಸಾವಿರ ಪೌಂಡ್ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ಮಲ್ಪೊಡಾಯಿನ.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾದ್ದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಖ್ಯ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಇಂದ್ ಬಂದರುದ ದಡೊಟ್ಟ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸುಂದರ ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್ ತುದಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಕ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುದ್ ರಸ್ತೆ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಆವೊಂದು. ಇಂಚ ತೂವರೆ, ಇಂಚಿನ ಯೋಚನೆನ್ ನಾನು ಎಂಚ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಬಾರಿ ದಾಯೆ ಮಲ್ಪುಜ್ಜೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ನಿಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಹಜೊವಾಗಿಯೇ ಯೋಚನೆ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ್ ಸರಳತೆನೇ ಅಯಿಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ್ ಗುಣೊ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು; ಪರಿಣಾಮೊ ಖಂಡಿತವಾದೂಲಾ ಗಂಭೀರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭವ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಈ ಪೂರಾ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಏರುನವು ಎಲ್ಯ ಕೆಲಸ ಅತ್ತ್. ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಸಾಲ್ದ್ ಇರ್ವ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು, ಏರುನೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ ಸಾಲುಲು; ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಲುಪುನ ದುಂಬು ಉಸಿರ್ ಪಾಡುನೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ ಸಮತಟ್ಟಾದ ವಿಶ್ರಾಂತಿ ಜಾಗೊಲು ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಜನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಂತೋಷ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =[https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog] | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref>}} {{cquote|ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್‌ದ್ ನಡುಪಾಡ್ದ್ "ಎಸ್ಕಲಿಯರ್ ಮೋನ್ಸ್ಟ್ರೆ" (Escalier monstre) ಪಾಡ್ ಪೆರ್ಲೆದ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೀಚ್‌ಗು ಜಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಅಲಂಕಾರೊಕಾದ್ ಮಲ್ಪಿನ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಒತ್ತು ಉಂದು ಒಂಜಿ ತಪ್ಪು ಯೋಚನೆದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ; ಉಂದೆತ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಸಂದೇಹಾತೀತವಾದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದೋಷೊಲು ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕಾರಣ, ಉಂದು ಬೇಗ ದೊರಿಯುನ ಸಾಧ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು ಪಂದ್ ಭಾವನೆ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊಡ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆನೇ ಸುರುಕಾದ್ ಜಪ್ಪುನ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರೆ ಭವಿಷ್ಯ ಪಂತೆರ್.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಂಜಿ ಬದಿಟ್ ತೂನಗ, ಆ ಆಕೃತಿ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊ ಇತೊಂಜಿ ದಯನೀಯೊವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು; ಅಯಿಡ್ ದಾತ್ರ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರ್ಲು ಅಲ್ಪ "ಅತ್ತ್ ಇತ್ತ್ ದುಡ್ಡ್ ಕೊರ್ಲೆ'" ಪಂದ್ ಪಾತೆರೊನುವೆರ್.<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref>}} {{cquote|ವಿಶಾಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ತೂನಗ, ಆ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ "ಕುಗ್ಗುದ್ ಪೋತಿಲೆಕ್ಕ" ತೋಜುಂಡು; ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ ಮಾ‌ ಮಲ್ಲ ಗಾತ್ರೊಡು ಉಟ್ಟುಕೊಂಡು, ಮುಲ್ಪಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಜಾಗೊಡು ದೀವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಉಂಡು.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref>}} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the landings are invisible from the bottom. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the steps are invisible from the top. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|alt=The lower station of the Odesa Funicular, with the Potemkin Stairs on the right|The lower station of the [[Odesa Funicular]], with the Potemkin Stairs on the right </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] nhjbg50k69hk34y9r80clr5sg8u9cu4 366894 366893 2026-08-24T11:52:54Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* Gallery */ 366894 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ]] ಸೊಪಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಮೇಲ್ಪಾಂತೊದ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ನ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂಡು. ಇತ್ತೆ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ಆಡಳಿತಾಧಿಕಾರಿಯಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್‌ನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯಾದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. ರೋಮನ್ ಟೋಗಾ ಪಾಡುದಿನ ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೋವಿಚ್ ಮಾರ್ತೋಸ್ (1754–1835) ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ಎಫಿಮೊವ್ ಕಂಚುದ್ ಎರ್ದ್ 1826ಡ್ ಅನಾವರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಸುರುತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂದು,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ 11 ವರ್ಸೊಲೆನ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ದ್ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ್ ಆಯಿನ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿನ್ ನೆನಪಾದ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಮಂದೆರ್.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗಮನೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿವರಣೆಲು == {{cquote|ಅದ್ಭುತ ಸೌಂದರ್ಯೊದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲ್ ಜತ್ತುದು ಕಡಲತೀರೊಕು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಂದರುಗು ಪೊಯ್ಯುನಿ.<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =[https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog] | location =London }} p. 260.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಈ ದುಬಾರಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಉಪ್ಪಂದಿನ ಆಟಿಕೆದ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಸುಮಾರು ನಲ್ಪ ಸಾವಿರ ಪೌಂಡ್ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ಮಲ್ಪೊಡಾಯಿನ.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾದ್ದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಖ್ಯ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಇಂದ್ ಬಂದರುದ ದಡೊಟ್ಟ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸುಂದರ ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್ ತುದಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಕ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುದ್ ರಸ್ತೆ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಆವೊಂದು. ಇಂಚ ತೂವರೆ, ಇಂಚಿನ ಯೋಚನೆನ್ ನಾನು ಎಂಚ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಬಾರಿ ದಾಯೆ ಮಲ್ಪುಜ್ಜೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ನಿಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಹಜೊವಾಗಿಯೇ ಯೋಚನೆ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ್ ಸರಳತೆನೇ ಅಯಿಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ್ ಗುಣೊ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು; ಪರಿಣಾಮೊ ಖಂಡಿತವಾದೂಲಾ ಗಂಭೀರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭವ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಈ ಪೂರಾ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಏರುನವು ಎಲ್ಯ ಕೆಲಸ ಅತ್ತ್. ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಸಾಲ್ದ್ ಇರ್ವ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು, ಏರುನೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ ಸಾಲುಲು; ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಲುಪುನ ದುಂಬು ಉಸಿರ್ ಪಾಡುನೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ ಸಮತಟ್ಟಾದ ವಿಶ್ರಾಂತಿ ಜಾಗೊಲು ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಜನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಂತೋಷ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =[https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog] | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref>}} {{cquote|ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್‌ದ್ ನಡುಪಾಡ್ದ್ "ಎಸ್ಕಲಿಯರ್ ಮೋನ್ಸ್ಟ್ರೆ" (Escalier monstre) ಪಾಡ್ ಪೆರ್ಲೆದ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೀಚ್‌ಗು ಜಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಅಲಂಕಾರೊಕಾದ್ ಮಲ್ಪಿನ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಒತ್ತು ಉಂದು ಒಂಜಿ ತಪ್ಪು ಯೋಚನೆದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ; ಉಂದೆತ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಸಂದೇಹಾತೀತವಾದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದೋಷೊಲು ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕಾರಣ, ಉಂದು ಬೇಗ ದೊರಿಯುನ ಸಾಧ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು ಪಂದ್ ಭಾವನೆ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊಡ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆನೇ ಸುರುಕಾದ್ ಜಪ್ಪುನ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರೆ ಭವಿಷ್ಯ ಪಂತೆರ್.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಂಜಿ ಬದಿಟ್ ತೂನಗ, ಆ ಆಕೃತಿ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊ ಇತೊಂಜಿ ದಯನೀಯೊವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು; ಅಯಿಡ್ ದಾತ್ರ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರ್ಲು ಅಲ್ಪ "ಅತ್ತ್ ಇತ್ತ್ ದುಡ್ಡ್ ಕೊರ್ಲೆ'" ಪಂದ್ ಪಾತೆರೊನುವೆರ್.<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref>}} {{cquote|ವಿಶಾಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ತೂನಗ, ಆ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ "ಕುಗ್ಗುದ್ ಪೋತಿಲೆಕ್ಕ" ತೋಜುಂಡು; ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ ಮಾ‌ ಮಲ್ಲ ಗಾತ್ರೊಡು ಉಟ್ಟುಕೊಂಡು, ಮುಲ್ಪಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಜಾಗೊಡು ದೀವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಉಂಡು.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref>}} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the landings are invisible from the bottom. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the steps are invisible from the top. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|alt=The lower station of the Odesa Funicular, with the Potemkin Stairs on the right|The lower station of the [[Odesa Funicular]], with the Potemkin Stairs on the right </gallery> == ಚಿತ್ರೊದ ಪುಟೊ == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು; ತುದಿತ್ತ್‌ಲೆ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುದ ಇಳಿದಾಣೊಲು ಕಾಣಂದ್. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು; ಮೆಲ್ತ್‌ಲೆ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಕಾಣಂದ್. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|[[Odesa Funicular]]ದ ಕೆಳ್ತ್‌ಲೆ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ; ಬಲತಿಕ್ಕ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು. </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] 2k5zyg3gl3kqxs9z6np6omeia6pfx5u 366895 366894 2026-08-24T11:54:34Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* ಚಿತ್ರೊದ ಪುಟೊ */ 366895 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ]] ಸೊಪಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಮೇಲ್ಪಾಂತೊದ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ನ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂಡು. ಇತ್ತೆ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ಆಡಳಿತಾಧಿಕಾರಿಯಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್‌ನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯಾದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. ರೋಮನ್ ಟೋಗಾ ಪಾಡುದಿನ ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೋವಿಚ್ ಮಾರ್ತೋಸ್ (1754–1835) ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ಎಫಿಮೊವ್ ಕಂಚುದ್ ಎರ್ದ್ 1826ಡ್ ಅನಾವರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಸುರುತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂದು,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ 11 ವರ್ಸೊಲೆನ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ದ್ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ್ ಆಯಿನ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿನ್ ನೆನಪಾದ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಮಂದೆರ್.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗಮನೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿವರಣೆಲು == {{cquote|ಅದ್ಭುತ ಸೌಂದರ್ಯೊದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲ್ ಜತ್ತುದು ಕಡಲತೀರೊಕು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಂದರುಗು ಪೊಯ್ಯುನಿ.<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =[https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog] | location =London }} p. 260.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಈ ದುಬಾರಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಉಪ್ಪಂದಿನ ಆಟಿಕೆದ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಸುಮಾರು ನಲ್ಪ ಸಾವಿರ ಪೌಂಡ್ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ಮಲ್ಪೊಡಾಯಿನ.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾದ್ದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಖ್ಯ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಇಂದ್ ಬಂದರುದ ದಡೊಟ್ಟ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸುಂದರ ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್ ತುದಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಕ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುದ್ ರಸ್ತೆ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಆವೊಂದು. ಇಂಚ ತೂವರೆ, ಇಂಚಿನ ಯೋಚನೆನ್ ನಾನು ಎಂಚ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಬಾರಿ ದಾಯೆ ಮಲ್ಪುಜ್ಜೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ನಿಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಹಜೊವಾಗಿಯೇ ಯೋಚನೆ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ್ ಸರಳತೆನೇ ಅಯಿಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ್ ಗುಣೊ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು; ಪರಿಣಾಮೊ ಖಂಡಿತವಾದೂಲಾ ಗಂಭೀರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭವ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಈ ಪೂರಾ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಏರುನವು ಎಲ್ಯ ಕೆಲಸ ಅತ್ತ್. ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಸಾಲ್ದ್ ಇರ್ವ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು, ಏರುನೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ ಸಾಲುಲು; ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಲುಪುನ ದುಂಬು ಉಸಿರ್ ಪಾಡುನೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ ಸಮತಟ್ಟಾದ ವಿಶ್ರಾಂತಿ ಜಾಗೊಲು ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಜನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಂತೋಷ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =[https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog] | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref>}} {{cquote|ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್‌ದ್ ನಡುಪಾಡ್ದ್ "ಎಸ್ಕಲಿಯರ್ ಮೋನ್ಸ್ಟ್ರೆ" (Escalier monstre) ಪಾಡ್ ಪೆರ್ಲೆದ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೀಚ್‌ಗು ಜಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಅಲಂಕಾರೊಕಾದ್ ಮಲ್ಪಿನ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಒತ್ತು ಉಂದು ಒಂಜಿ ತಪ್ಪು ಯೋಚನೆದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ; ಉಂದೆತ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಸಂದೇಹಾತೀತವಾದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದೋಷೊಲು ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕಾರಣ, ಉಂದು ಬೇಗ ದೊರಿಯುನ ಸಾಧ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು ಪಂದ್ ಭಾವನೆ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊಡ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆನೇ ಸುರುಕಾದ್ ಜಪ್ಪುನ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರೆ ಭವಿಷ್ಯ ಪಂತೆರ್.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಂಜಿ ಬದಿಟ್ ತೂನಗ, ಆ ಆಕೃತಿ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊ ಇತೊಂಜಿ ದಯನೀಯೊವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು; ಅಯಿಡ್ ದಾತ್ರ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರ್ಲು ಅಲ್ಪ "ಅತ್ತ್ ಇತ್ತ್ ದುಡ್ಡ್ ಕೊರ್ಲೆ'" ಪಂದ್ ಪಾತೆರೊನುವೆರ್.<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref>}} {{cquote|ವಿಶಾಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ತೂನಗ, ಆ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ "ಕುಗ್ಗುದ್ ಪೋತಿಲೆಕ್ಕ" ತೋಜುಂಡು; ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ ಮಾ‌ ಮಲ್ಲ ಗಾತ್ರೊಡು ಉಟ್ಟುಕೊಂಡು, ಮುಲ್ಪಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಜಾಗೊಡು ದೀವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಉಂಡು.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref>}} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the landings are invisible from the bottom. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the steps are invisible from the top. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|alt=The lower station of the Odesa Funicular, with the Potemkin Stairs on the right|The lower station of the [[Odesa Funicular]], with the Potemkin Stairs on the right </gallery> == ಚಿತ್ರೊದ ಪುಟೊ == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು; ತುದಿತ್ತ್‌ಲೆ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಇಳಿದಾಣೊಲು ತೋಜುಂಡು. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು; ಮೆಲ್ತ್‌ಲೆ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ತೋಜುಜಿ. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|[[Odesa Funicular]]ದ ಕೆಳ್ತ್‌ಲೆ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ; ಬಲತ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡು ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] cskjpwddbnvlmmnvycosggfpjw01455 366896 366895 2026-08-24T11:55:31Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366896 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ]] ಸೊಪಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಮೇಲ್ಪಾಂತೊದ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ನ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂಡು. ಇತ್ತೆ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ಆಡಳಿತಾಧಿಕಾರಿಯಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್‌ನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯಾದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. ರೋಮನ್ ಟೋಗಾ ಪಾಡುದಿನ ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೋವಿಚ್ ಮಾರ್ತೋಸ್ (1754–1835) ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ಎಫಿಮೊವ್ ಕಂಚುದ್ ಎರ್ದ್ 1826ಡ್ ಅನಾವರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಸುರುತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂದು,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ 11 ವರ್ಸೊಲೆನ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ದ್ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ್ ಆಯಿನ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿನ್ ನೆನಪಾದ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಮಂದೆರ್.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗಮನೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿವರಣೆಲು == {{cquote|ಅದ್ಭುತ ಸೌಂದರ್ಯೊದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲ್ ಜತ್ತುದು ಕಡಲತೀರೊಕು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಂದರುಗು ಪೊಯ್ಯುನಿ.<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =[https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog] | location =London }} p. 260.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಈ ದುಬಾರಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಉಪ್ಪಂದಿನ ಆಟಿಕೆದ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಸುಮಾರು ನಲ್ಪ ಸಾವಿರ ಪೌಂಡ್ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ಮಲ್ಪೊಡಾಯಿನ.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾದ್ದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಖ್ಯ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಇಂದ್ ಬಂದರುದ ದಡೊಟ್ಟ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸುಂದರ ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್ ತುದಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಕ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುದ್ ರಸ್ತೆ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಆವೊಂದು. ಇಂಚ ತೂವರೆ, ಇಂಚಿನ ಯೋಚನೆನ್ ನಾನು ಎಂಚ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಬಾರಿ ದಾಯೆ ಮಲ್ಪುಜ್ಜೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ನಿಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಹಜೊವಾಗಿಯೇ ಯೋಚನೆ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ್ ಸರಳತೆನೇ ಅಯಿಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ್ ಗುಣೊ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು; ಪರಿಣಾಮೊ ಖಂಡಿತವಾದೂಲಾ ಗಂಭೀರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭವ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಈ ಪೂರಾ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಏರುನವು ಎಲ್ಯ ಕೆಲಸ ಅತ್ತ್. ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಸಾಲ್ದ್ ಇರ್ವ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು, ಏರುನೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ ಸಾಲುಲು; ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಲುಪುನ ದುಂಬು ಉಸಿರ್ ಪಾಡುನೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ ಸಮತಟ್ಟಾದ ವಿಶ್ರಾಂತಿ ಜಾಗೊಲು ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಜನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಂತೋಷ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =[https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog] | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref>}} {{cquote|ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್‌ದ್ ನಡುಪಾಡ್ದ್ "ಎಸ್ಕಲಿಯರ್ ಮೋನ್ಸ್ಟ್ರೆ" (Escalier monstre) ಪಾಡ್ ಪೆರ್ಲೆದ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೀಚ್‌ಗು ಜಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಅಲಂಕಾರೊಕಾದ್ ಮಲ್ಪಿನ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಒತ್ತು ಉಂದು ಒಂಜಿ ತಪ್ಪು ಯೋಚನೆದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ; ಉಂದೆತ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಸಂದೇಹಾತೀತವಾದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದೋಷೊಲು ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕಾರಣ, ಉಂದು ಬೇಗ ದೊರಿಯುನ ಸಾಧ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು ಪಂದ್ ಭಾವನೆ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊಡ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆನೇ ಸುರುಕಾದ್ ಜಪ್ಪುನ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರೆ ಭವಿಷ್ಯ ಪಂತೆರ್.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಂಜಿ ಬದಿಟ್ ತೂನಗ, ಆ ಆಕೃತಿ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊ ಇತೊಂಜಿ ದಯನೀಯೊವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು; ಅಯಿಡ್ ದಾತ್ರ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರ್ಲು ಅಲ್ಪ "ಅತ್ತ್ ಇತ್ತ್ ದುಡ್ಡ್ ಕೊರ್ಲೆ'" ಪಂದ್ ಪಾತೆರೊನುವೆರ್.<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref>}} {{cquote|ವಿಶಾಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ತೂನಗ, ಆ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ "ಕುಗ್ಗುದ್ ಪೋತಿಲೆಕ್ಕ" ತೋಜುಂಡು; ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ ಮಾ‌ ಮಲ್ಲ ಗಾತ್ರೊಡು ಉಟ್ಟುಕೊಂಡು, ಮುಲ್ಪಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಜಾಗೊಡು ದೀವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಉಂಡು.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref>}} == Gallery == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the landings are invisible from the bottom. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|Potemkin Stairs; the steps are invisible from the top. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|alt=The lower station of the Odesa Funicular, with the Potemkin Stairs on the right|The lower station of the [[Odesa Funicular]], with the Potemkin Stairs on the right </gallery> == ಚಿತ್ರೊದ ಪುಟೊ == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು; ತುದಿತ್ತ್‌ಲೆ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಇಳಿದಾಣೊಲು ತೋಜುಂಡು. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು; ಮೆಲ್ತ್‌ಲೆ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ತೋಜುಜಿ. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|ಒಡೆಶಾ ಫನಿಕುಲರ್ದ ತಿರ್ತುದ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ; ಬಲತ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡು ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] jxsf2mywqprh3bmgqi4ychn0cbul5t8 366897 366896 2026-08-24T11:55:59Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366897 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ]] ಸೊಪಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಮೇಲ್ಪಾಂತೊದ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ನ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂಡು. ಇತ್ತೆ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ಆಡಳಿತಾಧಿಕಾರಿಯಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್‌ನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯಾದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. ರೋಮನ್ ಟೋಗಾ ಪಾಡುದಿನ ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೋವಿಚ್ ಮಾರ್ತೋಸ್ (1754–1835) ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ಎಫಿಮೊವ್ ಕಂಚುದ್ ಎರ್ದ್ 1826ಡ್ ಅನಾವರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಸುರುತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂದು,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ 11 ವರ್ಸೊಲೆನ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ದ್ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ್ ಆಯಿನ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿನ್ ನೆನಪಾದ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಮಂದೆರ್.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗಮನೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿವರಣೆಲು == {{cquote|ಅದ್ಭುತ ಸೌಂದರ್ಯೊದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲ್ ಜತ್ತುದು ಕಡಲತೀರೊಕು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಂದರುಗು ಪೊಯ್ಯುನಿ.<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =[https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog] | location =London }} p. 260.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಈ ದುಬಾರಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಉಪ್ಪಂದಿನ ಆಟಿಕೆದ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಸುಮಾರು ನಲ್ಪ ಸಾವಿರ ಪೌಂಡ್ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ಮಲ್ಪೊಡಾಯಿನ.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾದ್ದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಖ್ಯ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಇಂದ್ ಬಂದರುದ ದಡೊಟ್ಟ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸುಂದರ ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್ ತುದಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಕ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುದ್ ರಸ್ತೆ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಆವೊಂದು. ಇಂಚ ತೂವರೆ, ಇಂಚಿನ ಯೋಚನೆನ್ ನಾನು ಎಂಚ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಬಾರಿ ದಾಯೆ ಮಲ್ಪುಜ್ಜೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ನಿಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಹಜೊವಾಗಿಯೇ ಯೋಚನೆ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ್ ಸರಳತೆನೇ ಅಯಿಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ್ ಗುಣೊ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು; ಪರಿಣಾಮೊ ಖಂಡಿತವಾದೂಲಾ ಗಂಭೀರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭವ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಈ ಪೂರಾ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಏರುನವು ಎಲ್ಯ ಕೆಲಸ ಅತ್ತ್. ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಸಾಲ್ದ್ ಇರ್ವ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು, ಏರುನೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ ಸಾಲುಲು; ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಲುಪುನ ದುಂಬು ಉಸಿರ್ ಪಾಡುನೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ ಸಮತಟ್ಟಾದ ವಿಶ್ರಾಂತಿ ಜಾಗೊಲು ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಜನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಂತೋಷ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =[https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog] | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref>}} {{cquote|ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್‌ದ್ ನಡುಪಾಡ್ದ್ "ಎಸ್ಕಲಿಯರ್ ಮೋನ್ಸ್ಟ್ರೆ" (Escalier monstre) ಪಾಡ್ ಪೆರ್ಲೆದ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೀಚ್‌ಗು ಜಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಅಲಂಕಾರೊಕಾದ್ ಮಲ್ಪಿನ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಒತ್ತು ಉಂದು ಒಂಜಿ ತಪ್ಪು ಯೋಚನೆದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ; ಉಂದೆತ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಸಂದೇಹಾತೀತವಾದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದೋಷೊಲು ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕಾರಣ, ಉಂದು ಬೇಗ ದೊರಿಯುನ ಸಾಧ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು ಪಂದ್ ಭಾವನೆ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊಡ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆನೇ ಸುರುಕಾದ್ ಜಪ್ಪುನ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರೆ ಭವಿಷ್ಯ ಪಂತೆರ್.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಂಜಿ ಬದಿಟ್ ತೂನಗ, ಆ ಆಕೃತಿ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊ ಇತೊಂಜಿ ದಯನೀಯೊವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು; ಅಯಿಡ್ ದಾತ್ರ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರ್ಲು ಅಲ್ಪ "ಅತ್ತ್ ಇತ್ತ್ ದುಡ್ಡ್ ಕೊರ್ಲೆ'" ಪಂದ್ ಪಾತೆರೊನುವೆರ್.<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref>}} {{cquote|ವಿಶಾಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ತೂನಗ, ಆ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ "ಕುಗ್ಗುದ್ ಪೋತಿಲೆಕ್ಕ" ತೋಜುಂಡು; ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ ಮಾ‌ ಮಲ್ಲ ಗಾತ್ರೊಡು ಉಟ್ಟುಕೊಂಡು, ಮುಲ್ಪಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಜಾಗೊಡು ದೀವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಉಂಡು.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref>}} == ಚಿತ್ರೊದ ಪುಟೊ == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು; ತುದಿತ್ತ್‌ಲೆ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಇಳಿದಾಣೊಲು ತೋಜುಂಡು. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು; ಮೆಲ್ತ್‌ಲೆ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ತೋಜುಜಿ. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|ಒಡೆಶಾ ಫನಿಕುಲರ್ದ ತಿರ್ತುದ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ; ಬಲತ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡು ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. </gallery> == See also == * [[Odesa Funicular]] * [[Depaldo stone stairs]] * [[Yerevan Cascade]] * [[FC Chornomorets Odesa]] * [[The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy]] * [[Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre]] * [[Seventh-Kilometer Market]] * [[Rocky Steps]] * [[Joker Stairs]] * [[Exorcist steps]] == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] 6fz1l474wu9l959d6svr4hztixpa0ci 366898 366897 2026-08-24T11:57:41Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366898 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ]] ಸೊಪಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಮೇಲ್ಪಾಂತೊದ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ನ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂಡು. ಇತ್ತೆ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ಆಡಳಿತಾಧಿಕಾರಿಯಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್‌ನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯಾದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. ರೋಮನ್ ಟೋಗಾ ಪಾಡುದಿನ ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೋವಿಚ್ ಮಾರ್ತೋಸ್ (1754–1835) ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ಎಫಿಮೊವ್ ಕಂಚುದ್ ಎರ್ದ್ 1826ಡ್ ಅನಾವರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಸುರುತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂದು,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ 11 ವರ್ಸೊಲೆನ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ದ್ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ್ ಆಯಿನ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿನ್ ನೆನಪಾದ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಮಂದೆರ್.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗಮನೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿವರಣೆಲು == {{cquote|ಅದ್ಭುತ ಸೌಂದರ್ಯೊದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲ್ ಜತ್ತುದು ಕಡಲತೀರೊಕು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಂದರುಗು ಪೊಯ್ಯುನಿ.<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =[https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog] | location =London }} p. 260.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಈ ದುಬಾರಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಉಪ್ಪಂದಿನ ಆಟಿಕೆದ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಸುಮಾರು ನಲ್ಪ ಸಾವಿರ ಪೌಂಡ್ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ಮಲ್ಪೊಡಾಯಿನ.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾದ್ದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಖ್ಯ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಇಂದ್ ಬಂದರುದ ದಡೊಟ್ಟ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸುಂದರ ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್ ತುದಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಕ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುದ್ ರಸ್ತೆ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಆವೊಂದು. ಇಂಚ ತೂವರೆ, ಇಂಚಿನ ಯೋಚನೆನ್ ನಾನು ಎಂಚ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಬಾರಿ ದಾಯೆ ಮಲ್ಪುಜ್ಜೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ನಿಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಹಜೊವಾಗಿಯೇ ಯೋಚನೆ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ್ ಸರಳತೆನೇ ಅಯಿಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ್ ಗುಣೊ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು; ಪರಿಣಾಮೊ ಖಂಡಿತವಾದೂಲಾ ಗಂಭೀರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭವ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಈ ಪೂರಾ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಏರುನವು ಎಲ್ಯ ಕೆಲಸ ಅತ್ತ್. ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಸಾಲ್ದ್ ಇರ್ವ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು, ಏರುನೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ ಸಾಲುಲು; ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಲುಪುನ ದುಂಬು ಉಸಿರ್ ಪಾಡುನೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ ಸಮತಟ್ಟಾದ ವಿಶ್ರಾಂತಿ ಜಾಗೊಲು ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಜನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಂತೋಷ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =[https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog] | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref>}} {{cquote|ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್‌ದ್ ನಡುಪಾಡ್ದ್ "ಎಸ್ಕಲಿಯರ್ ಮೋನ್ಸ್ಟ್ರೆ" (Escalier monstre) ಪಾಡ್ ಪೆರ್ಲೆದ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೀಚ್‌ಗು ಜಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಅಲಂಕಾರೊಕಾದ್ ಮಲ್ಪಿನ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಒತ್ತು ಉಂದು ಒಂಜಿ ತಪ್ಪು ಯೋಚನೆದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ; ಉಂದೆತ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಸಂದೇಹಾತೀತವಾದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದೋಷೊಲು ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕಾರಣ, ಉಂದು ಬೇಗ ದೊರಿಯುನ ಸಾಧ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು ಪಂದ್ ಭಾವನೆ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊಡ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆನೇ ಸುರುಕಾದ್ ಜಪ್ಪುನ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರೆ ಭವಿಷ್ಯ ಪಂತೆರ್.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಂಜಿ ಬದಿಟ್ ತೂನಗ, ಆ ಆಕೃತಿ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊ ಇತೊಂಜಿ ದಯನೀಯೊವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು; ಅಯಿಡ್ ದಾತ್ರ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರ್ಲು ಅಲ್ಪ "ಅತ್ತ್ ಇತ್ತ್ ದುಡ್ಡ್ ಕೊರ್ಲೆ'" ಪಂದ್ ಪಾತೆರೊನುವೆರ್.<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref>}} {{cquote|ವಿಶಾಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ತೂನಗ, ಆ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ "ಕುಗ್ಗುದ್ ಪೋತಿಲೆಕ್ಕ" ತೋಜುಂಡು; ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ ಮಾ‌ ಮಲ್ಲ ಗಾತ್ರೊಡು ಉಟ್ಟುಕೊಂಡು, ಮುಲ್ಪಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಜಾಗೊಡು ದೀವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಉಂಡು.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref>}} == ಚಿತ್ರೊದ ಪುಟೊ == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು; ತುದಿತ್ತ್‌ಲೆ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಇಳಿದಾಣೊಲು ತೋಜುಂಡು. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು; ಮೆಲ್ತ್‌ಲೆ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ತೋಜುಜಿ. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|ಒಡೆಶಾ ಫನಿಕುಲರ್ದ ತಿರ್ತುದ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ; ಬಲತ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡು ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. </gallery> == ಉಂದೆನೂಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * Odesa Funicular * Depaldo stone stairs * Yerevan Cascade * FC Chornomorets Odesa * The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy * Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre * Seventh-Kilometer Market * Rocky Steps * Joker Stairs * Exorcist steps == References == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] e4blmnen0rapxa3fl9uru8ox4fz6zlj 366899 366898 2026-08-24T11:58:07Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366899 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ]] ಸೊಪಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಮೇಲ್ಪಾಂತೊದ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ನ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂಡು. ಇತ್ತೆ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ಆಡಳಿತಾಧಿಕಾರಿಯಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್‌ನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯಾದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. ರೋಮನ್ ಟೋಗಾ ಪಾಡುದಿನ ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೋವಿಚ್ ಮಾರ್ತೋಸ್ (1754–1835) ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ಎಫಿಮೊವ್ ಕಂಚುದ್ ಎರ್ದ್ 1826ಡ್ ಅನಾವರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಸುರುತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂದು,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ 11 ವರ್ಸೊಲೆನ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ದ್ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ್ ಆಯಿನ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿನ್ ನೆನಪಾದ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಮಂದೆರ್.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗಮನೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿವರಣೆಲು == {{cquote|ಅದ್ಭುತ ಸೌಂದರ್ಯೊದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲ್ ಜತ್ತುದು ಕಡಲತೀರೊಕು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಂದರುಗು ಪೊಯ್ಯುನಿ.<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =[https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog] | location =London }} p. 260.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಈ ದುಬಾರಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಉಪ್ಪಂದಿನ ಆಟಿಕೆದ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಸುಮಾರು ನಲ್ಪ ಸಾವಿರ ಪೌಂಡ್ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ಮಲ್ಪೊಡಾಯಿನ.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾದ್ದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಖ್ಯ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಇಂದ್ ಬಂದರುದ ದಡೊಟ್ಟ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸುಂದರ ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್ ತುದಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಕ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುದ್ ರಸ್ತೆ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಆವೊಂದು. ಇಂಚ ತೂವರೆ, ಇಂಚಿನ ಯೋಚನೆನ್ ನಾನು ಎಂಚ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಬಾರಿ ದಾಯೆ ಮಲ್ಪುಜ್ಜೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ನಿಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಹಜೊವಾಗಿಯೇ ಯೋಚನೆ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ್ ಸರಳತೆನೇ ಅಯಿಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ್ ಗುಣೊ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು; ಪರಿಣಾಮೊ ಖಂಡಿತವಾದೂಲಾ ಗಂಭೀರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭವ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಈ ಪೂರಾ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಏರುನವು ಎಲ್ಯ ಕೆಲಸ ಅತ್ತ್. ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಸಾಲ್ದ್ ಇರ್ವ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು, ಏರುನೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ ಸಾಲುಲು; ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಲುಪುನ ದುಂಬು ಉಸಿರ್ ಪಾಡುನೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ ಸಮತಟ್ಟಾದ ವಿಶ್ರಾಂತಿ ಜಾಗೊಲು ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಜನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಂತೋಷ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =[https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog] | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref>}} {{cquote|ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್‌ದ್ ನಡುಪಾಡ್ದ್ "ಎಸ್ಕಲಿಯರ್ ಮೋನ್ಸ್ಟ್ರೆ" (Escalier monstre) ಪಾಡ್ ಪೆರ್ಲೆದ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೀಚ್‌ಗು ಜಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಅಲಂಕಾರೊಕಾದ್ ಮಲ್ಪಿನ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಒತ್ತು ಉಂದು ಒಂಜಿ ತಪ್ಪು ಯೋಚನೆದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ; ಉಂದೆತ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಸಂದೇಹಾತೀತವಾದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದೋಷೊಲು ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕಾರಣ, ಉಂದು ಬೇಗ ದೊರಿಯುನ ಸಾಧ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು ಪಂದ್ ಭಾವನೆ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊಡ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆನೇ ಸುರುಕಾದ್ ಜಪ್ಪುನ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರೆ ಭವಿಷ್ಯ ಪಂತೆರ್.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಂಜಿ ಬದಿಟ್ ತೂನಗ, ಆ ಆಕೃತಿ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊ ಇತೊಂಜಿ ದಯನೀಯೊವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು; ಅಯಿಡ್ ದಾತ್ರ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರ್ಲು ಅಲ್ಪ "ಅತ್ತ್ ಇತ್ತ್ ದುಡ್ಡ್ ಕೊರ್ಲೆ'" ಪಂದ್ ಪಾತೆರೊನುವೆರ್.<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref>}} {{cquote|ವಿಶಾಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ತೂನಗ, ಆ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ "ಕುಗ್ಗುದ್ ಪೋತಿಲೆಕ್ಕ" ತೋಜುಂಡು; ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ ಮಾ‌ ಮಲ್ಲ ಗಾತ್ರೊಡು ಉಟ್ಟುಕೊಂಡು, ಮುಲ್ಪಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಜಾಗೊಡು ದೀವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಉಂಡು.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref>}} == ಚಿತ್ರೊದ ಪುಟೊ == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು; ತುದಿತ್ತ್‌ಲೆ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಇಳಿದಾಣೊಲು ತೋಜುಂಡು. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು; ಮೆಲ್ತ್‌ಲೆ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ತೋಜುಜಿ. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|ಒಡೆಶಾ ಫನಿಕುಲರ್ದ ತಿರ್ತುದ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ; ಬಲತ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡು ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. </gallery> == ಉಂದೆನೂಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * Odesa Funicular * Depaldo stone stairs * Yerevan Cascade * FC Chornomorets Odesa * The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy * Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre * Seventh-Kilometer Market * Rocky Steps * Joker Stairs * Exorcist steps == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == External links == {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] qz8v8aojh2hhkeepop5x3q5h9mv9j2l 366900 366899 2026-08-24T11:58:41Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366900 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ]] ಸೊಪಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಮೇಲ್ಪಾಂತೊದ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ನ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂಡು. ಇತ್ತೆ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ಆಡಳಿತಾಧಿಕಾರಿಯಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್‌ನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯಾದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. ರೋಮನ್ ಟೋಗಾ ಪಾಡುದಿನ ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೋವಿಚ್ ಮಾರ್ತೋಸ್ (1754–1835) ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ಎಫಿಮೊವ್ ಕಂಚುದ್ ಎರ್ದ್ 1826ಡ್ ಅನಾವರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಸುರುತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂದು,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ 11 ವರ್ಸೊಲೆನ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ದ್ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ್ ಆಯಿನ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿನ್ ನೆನಪಾದ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಮಂದೆರ್.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗಮನೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿವರಣೆಲು == {{cquote|ಅದ್ಭುತ ಸೌಂದರ್ಯೊದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲ್ ಜತ್ತುದು ಕಡಲತೀರೊಕು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಂದರುಗು ಪೊಯ್ಯುನಿ.<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =[https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog] | location =London }} p. 260.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಈ ದುಬಾರಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಉಪ್ಪಂದಿನ ಆಟಿಕೆದ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಸುಮಾರು ನಲ್ಪ ಸಾವಿರ ಪೌಂಡ್ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ಮಲ್ಪೊಡಾಯಿನ.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾದ್ದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಖ್ಯ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಇಂದ್ ಬಂದರುದ ದಡೊಟ್ಟ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸುಂದರ ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್ ತುದಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಕ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುದ್ ರಸ್ತೆ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಆವೊಂದು. ಇಂಚ ತೂವರೆ, ಇಂಚಿನ ಯೋಚನೆನ್ ನಾನು ಎಂಚ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಬಾರಿ ದಾಯೆ ಮಲ್ಪುಜ್ಜೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ನಿಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಹಜೊವಾಗಿಯೇ ಯೋಚನೆ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ್ ಸರಳತೆನೇ ಅಯಿಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ್ ಗುಣೊ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು; ಪರಿಣಾಮೊ ಖಂಡಿತವಾದೂಲಾ ಗಂಭೀರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭವ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಈ ಪೂರಾ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಏರುನವು ಎಲ್ಯ ಕೆಲಸ ಅತ್ತ್. ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಸಾಲ್ದ್ ಇರ್ವ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು, ಏರುನೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ ಸಾಲುಲು; ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಲುಪುನ ದುಂಬು ಉಸಿರ್ ಪಾಡುನೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ ಸಮತಟ್ಟಾದ ವಿಶ್ರಾಂತಿ ಜಾಗೊಲು ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಜನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಂತೋಷ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =[https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog] | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref>}} {{cquote|ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್‌ದ್ ನಡುಪಾಡ್ದ್ "ಎಸ್ಕಲಿಯರ್ ಮೋನ್ಸ್ಟ್ರೆ" (Escalier monstre) ಪಾಡ್ ಪೆರ್ಲೆದ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೀಚ್‌ಗು ಜಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಅಲಂಕಾರೊಕಾದ್ ಮಲ್ಪಿನ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಒತ್ತು ಉಂದು ಒಂಜಿ ತಪ್ಪು ಯೋಚನೆದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ; ಉಂದೆತ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಸಂದೇಹಾತೀತವಾದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದೋಷೊಲು ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕಾರಣ, ಉಂದು ಬೇಗ ದೊರಿಯುನ ಸಾಧ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು ಪಂದ್ ಭಾವನೆ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊಡ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆನೇ ಸುರುಕಾದ್ ಜಪ್ಪುನ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರೆ ಭವಿಷ್ಯ ಪಂತೆರ್.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಂಜಿ ಬದಿಟ್ ತೂನಗ, ಆ ಆಕೃತಿ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊ ಇತೊಂಜಿ ದಯನೀಯೊವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು; ಅಯಿಡ್ ದಾತ್ರ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರ್ಲು ಅಲ್ಪ "ಅತ್ತ್ ಇತ್ತ್ ದುಡ್ಡ್ ಕೊರ್ಲೆ'" ಪಂದ್ ಪಾತೆರೊನುವೆರ್.<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref>}} {{cquote|ವಿಶಾಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ತೂನಗ, ಆ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ "ಕುಗ್ಗುದ್ ಪೋತಿಲೆಕ್ಕ" ತೋಜುಂಡು; ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ ಮಾ‌ ಮಲ್ಲ ಗಾತ್ರೊಡು ಉಟ್ಟುಕೊಂಡು, ಮುಲ್ಪಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಜಾಗೊಡು ದೀವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಉಂಡು.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref>}} == ಚಿತ್ರೊದ ಪುಟೊ == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು; ತುದಿತ್ತ್‌ಲೆ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಇಳಿದಾಣೊಲು ತೋಜುಂಡು. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು; ಮೆಲ್ತ್‌ಲೆ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ತೋಜುಜಿ. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|ಒಡೆಶಾ ಫನಿಕುಲರ್ದ ತಿರ್ತುದ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ; ಬಲತ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡು ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. </gallery> == ಉಂದೆನೂಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * Odesa Funicular * Depaldo stone stairs * Yerevan Cascade * FC Chornomorets Odesa * The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy * Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre * Seventh-Kilometer Market * Rocky Steps * Joker Stairs * Exorcist steps == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು== {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} {{Odesa}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] iuqx07fxbf95mrkn2i0nwv5l66hkpjj 366901 366900 2026-08-24T11:58:56Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366901 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width:300px; float:right; margin:0 0 1em 1em; border:1px solid #a2a9b1; background:#f8f9fa;" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%;" | ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | [[File:Потьомкінські сходи 11.jpg|280px]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" | 2020ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒದೆಸಾ ನಗರೊಡು ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು |- ! ಮೂಲ ಹೆಸರು | {{lang|uk|Потьомкінські сходи}} |- ! ಜಾಗ | ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ |- ! ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ | 1837–1841 |- ! ತೆರೆತ ಕಾಲ | 1841 |- ! ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ | 192 |- ! ಎತ್ತರ | 27 ಮೀಟರ್ |- ! ಬಳಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ | ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್, ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲ್ |- ! ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ | ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ, ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೋವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟ್'ಇ |- ! ಸಮರ್ಪಣೆ | ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' |- ! ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕ | {{coord|46|29|21|N|30|44|36|E|region:UA|display=inline}} |} '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಸ್'''ಅತ್ತುಡ '''ಅಧಿಕೃತೊಟ್ಟ್''' ಅತ್ತುಡ'''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು''' ಅತ್ತುಡ ಪೊತೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಒದೆಸಾ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲುಲು. <ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡ್ದ್ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಲ್ಪಡುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅವು ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1">{{cite book| last = Herlihy| first = Patricia| orig-year = 1987| year = 1991| title = Odessa: A History, 1794–1914| publisher = Harvard University Press| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| pages = 140| ISBN = 0-916458-15-6}} (hardcover; {{ISBN|0916458431}}, paperback reprint)</ref> ಈ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು, ದೈತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು,<ref name="touring">{{cite book |last1 = Karakina |first1 = Yelena |last2 = Samoilova |first2 = Tatyana |last3 = Ishchenko |first3 = Anna |year = 2004 |title = Touring Odessa |url = http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |publisher = BDRUK |isbn = 9668137019 |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120205001505/http://shop.russia-on-line.com/books/book.php?id=9668137019 |archive-date = 5 February 2012 }} p. 32</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಪಂದ್ ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್.<ref name="Prince">{{cite book | year =1990 | title =Prince Michael Vorontsov: Viceroy to the Tsar | publisher =McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP | isbn =0-7735-0747-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/princemichaelvor0006rhin }} p. 119. Referencing {{cite book | year =1965 | title =USSR: Nagel Travel Guide Series | publisher =McGraw Hill | location =New York }} p. 616</ref><ref name="naval">{{cite book | last =Bell | first =Christopher M | author2 =Bruce A Elleman | year =2003 | title =Naval Mutinies of the Twentieth Century: An International Perspective | publisher =Routledge (UK) | isbn =0-7146-5460-4 | url =https://archive.org/details/navalmutiniesoft00cbel }} p. 18, 25</ref><ref name="princes">{{cite book | last =Montefiore | first =S Sebag | year =2001 | title =The Prince of Princes: The Life of Potemkin | publisher =St. Martin's Press | isbn =0-312-27815-2 | url =https://archive.org/details/princeofprincesl00mont }} p. 498 "The Richelieu Steps in Odessa were renamed the "Potemkin Steps"...</ref><ref name="sea">{{cite book | last =Woodman | first =Richard | year =2005 | title =A Brief History Of Mutiny: A Brief History of Mutiny at Sea | publisher =Carroll & Graf Publishers | isbn =0-7867-1567-7 | url-access =registration | url =https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofmu0000wood_y8k7 }} p. 223</ref> ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|12.5|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|21.7|m|ft}} ಅಗಲ ಉಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು {{cvt|142|m|ft}} ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉದ್ದ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭ್ರಮೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="pat2">Herlihy, p. 140 "12.5 meters wide and 21.5 meters wide"</ref><ref name="guide4">Kononova, p. 51 "12.5 m at the top and 21.6 m at the bottom"</ref><ref name="touring2">Karakina, p. 31 "13.4 and 21.7 meters wide"</ref><ref name="touring3">{{cite book | last = Kononova | first = G. | year = 1984 | title =Odessa: A Guide | publisher = Raduga Publishers | location = Moscow }} p. 51</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ === [[File:potemkinstairs.jpg|thumb|142-ಮೀಟರ್ (155 ಗಜ) ಉದ್ದದ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. ೧೮೯೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೦ದ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರೊ]] [[File:Vue de Odessa Giant Steps.JPG|thumb|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೇರ್ಸ್ ಸಿ. ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ]] ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿಡ್ ಕುಲ್ಲುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಕ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ನೇರ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಬೋಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು, ಸುರುಳಿಯಾಕಾರದ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಮರತ್ತ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು ಬಂದರ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name="pat1" /> ೧೮೩೭ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ "ರಾಕ್ಷಸೀಯ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು"ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೭ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೪೧ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="anna" /> ಮೂಲ 200 ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ಸೆಮಿಯೊನೊವಿಚ್ ವೊರೊಂಟ್ಸೊವ್, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಗವರ್ನರ್-ಜನರಲ್, ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಎಲ್ಜ್ಬಿಯೆಟಾ ನೀ ಬ್ರಾನಿಕಾ ಪಿಎಲ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಡುಗೊರೆ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಗಣ್ಯೆರೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಗಳಸೆರೆ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್..<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin">{{cite web |title=The Potemkin Stairs |url=https://discover-ukraine.info/places/southern-ukraine/odesa/23 |website=Discover Ukraine |access-date=27 April 2022}}</ref> ಅಯಿಕ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಮೂಲತಃ ''ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್ ''ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ''ದೈತ್ಯ ಮುಟ್ಪುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name="DiscoverPotemkin"/> ಅವು 1837ಡ್ ಸ್ವಿಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಫೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಮೆಲ್ನಿಕೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಟೆನಕುಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book-page48">Kononova, p. 48.</ref><ref name="guide3">ಕೊನೊನೊವಾ ಗೊಂದಲೊಡು ಪುಟ ೪೮ಡ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್, "ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಪೋಪಿನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಹಾರಾಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಮೂಹೊದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆ, ಉಂದು ಎತ್ತರದ ತೀರೊನು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ದ್ವಾರೊನು ಒದಗಿಸಾವುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗ್ ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂದ್ ಅವ್ರಾಮ್ ಬರೆತೆರ್. "ಚೌಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಡಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಯಿಲ್ಟ್ಸಾ ಸುವೊರೊವಾ (ಸುವೊರೊವ್ ಸೆಂಟ್) ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ 1825ಡ್ ಎಫ್. ಬೊಫೊ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್".</ref> ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟರೆ 800,000 ರೂಬಲ್ಸ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಆತುಂಡು.<ref name="pat1" /> ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಂದರ್ ಟ್ರೈಸ್ಟೆ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಇಟಲಿ]]]) ಡ್ದ್ ಪಚ್ಚೆ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ (ಸಿವಿಲ್ ಇಂಜಿನಿಯರ್) ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೋರ್ಜರಿಗ್ ಜಾಮೀನುಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಗ ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="anna">{{cite book | last =Reid | first =Anna | year = 2000 | title =Borderland: A Journey Through the History of Ukraine | publisher =Westview Press | isbn =0-8133-3792-5 }} p. 61</ref> ಅಪ್ಟನ್ ಸೆವಾಸ್ಟೊಪೊಲ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1853ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈ-ಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. === ನನೊಂಜಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಎಡಭಾಗೊಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ರೈಲ್ವೆನ್ 1906ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ಬದಲ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಿರ್ತು ಸಾಗಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ.<ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkinmarch.jpg|thumb|ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ತೂಯಿನಂಚಿನ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು]] ಈ ಪಜ್ಜೆಲೆನ್ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ೧೯೨೫ ಡ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮೂಕ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಬ್ಯಾಟಲ್ ಶಿಪ್ ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್''ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಂಡು..<ref name=":0">{{cite web|title=Potemkin Stairs |url=https://leodessa.com/potemkin-stairs/|work=Odessa travel guide|date=2019}}</ref> ಸವೆತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ೧೯೩೩ಡ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಬುಹ್ ತುದೆಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ-ಬೂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊದ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಡಾಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಮರಳುದ ತಿರ್ತು ಎಡ್ಮ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಕಳೆದ್ ಪೊಂಡು, ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ 192 ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಪತ್ತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡಿಂಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="pat1" /><ref name="guide-book" /> [[File:Potemkin Stairs and cinematography.jpg|thumb|upright|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣ]] ೧೯೫೫ಡ್,ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯುಗೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಯುದ್ಧನೌಕೆ ''ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್'' ಡ್ ದಂಗೆ ದ ೫೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಗೌರವ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ <ref>Karakina, p. 31</ref> ೧೯೯೧ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಅವೆತೋ ಬೀದಿಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪುದರ್, "ಪ್ರಿಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ", ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite book | last=Davis | first=G. | last2=Dickinson | first2=K. | last3=Patti | first3=L. | last4=Villarejo | first4=A. | title=Film Studies: A Global Introduction | publisher=Taylor & Francis | year=2015 | isbn=978-1-317-62338-0 | page = 425 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnXABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA425 | access-date=2023-03-09}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೧, ೨೦೧೫ಡ್, ೬ನೇ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋತ್ಸವದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ತಟ್ಟೆನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಂಪು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ಲೇಟ್ ಸೂಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು.<ref name=":0" /> ೭೩ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ (ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ವಿರಾಮೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು), ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೭೦ಡ್ ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="guide-book" /> ಎಸ್ಕಲೇಟರ್ ನ್ ೧೯೯೭ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ೨ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಯೂನಿಕ್ಯುಲರ್ ನ್ ದೆತ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |title=Odessa Funicular Railway |work=Ukrainian Travel |access-date=25 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160343/http://ukrainian.travel/transport/odessa-funicular-railway |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref> == ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ == [[File:Odessa vlasenko.jpg|thumb|left|200px|ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ]] ಸೊಪಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಮೇಲ್ಪಾಂತೊದ ರಿಚೆಲಿಯು ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ನ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂಡು. ಇತ್ತೆ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ಆಡಳಿತಾಧಿಕಾರಿಯಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್‌ನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯಾದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. ರೋಮನ್ ಟೋಗಾ ಪಾಡುದಿನ ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೋವಿಚ್ ಮಾರ್ತೋಸ್ (1754–1835) ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆಯನ್ ಎಫಿಮೊವ್ ಕಂಚುದ್ ಎರ್ದ್ 1826ಡ್ ಅನಾವರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಸುರುತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಉಂದು,<ref name="guide5">Kononova, p. 48</ref><ref name="pat6">Herlihy, p. 21</ref> ಅತ್ತ್ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ 11 ವರ್ಸೊಲೆನ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ದ್ ಒಡೆಸಾಡ್ ಆಯಿನ ಬೆಳವಣಿಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿನ್ ನೆನಪಾದ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಮಂದೆರ್.<ref name="360Richelieu">{{cite web |title=Duke de Richelieu |url=http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919175958/http://odessa360.net/en/duke-de-richelieu-en/ |url-status=usurped |archive-date=19 September 2018 |website=Odessa 360}}</ref> == ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗಮನೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿವರಣೆಲು == {{cquote|ಅದ್ಭುತ ಸೌಂದರ್ಯೊದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ ಸಾಲ್ ಜತ್ತುದು ಕಡಲತೀರೊಕು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಂದರುಗು ಪೊಯ್ಯುನಿ.<ref name="pat7">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Koch | first =Charles | year =1855 | title =The Crimea and Odessa: Journal of a tour | url =[https://archive.org/details/crimeaandodessa00kochgoog] | location =London }} p. 260.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಈ ದುಬಾರಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಉಪ್ಪಂದಿನ ಆಟಿಕೆದ್ ಖರ್ಚು ಸುಮಾರು ನಲ್ಪ ಸಾವಿರ ಪೌಂಡ್ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ಮಲ್ಪೊಡಾಯಿನ.<ref name="pat9">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Hommaire de Hell | first =Xavier | year =1847 | title =Travels in the Steps of the Caspian Sea, the Crimea, the Caucasus, etc. | location =London }} p. 10.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾದ್ದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಖ್ಯ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಇಂದ್ ಬಂದರುದ ದಡೊಟ್ಟ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸುಂದರ ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್ ತುದಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಕ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುದ್ ರಸ್ತೆ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಆವೊಂದು. ಇಂಚ ತೂವರೆ, ಇಂಚಿನ ಯೋಚನೆನ್ ನಾನು ಎಂಚ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಬಾರಿ ದಾಯೆ ಮಲ್ಪುಜ್ಜೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ನಿಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಹಜೊವಾಗಿಯೇ ಯೋಚನೆ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ್ ಸರಳತೆನೇ ಅಯಿಕ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ್ ಗುಣೊ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು; ಪರಿಣಾಮೊ ಖಂಡಿತವಾದೂಲಾ ಗಂಭೀರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭವ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಈ ಪೂರಾ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ಏರುನವು ಎಲ್ಯ ಕೆಲಸ ಅತ್ತ್. ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಸಾಲ್ದ್ ಇರ್ವ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು, ಏರುನೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ ಸಾಲುಲು; ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ತಲುಪುನ ದುಂಬು ಉಸಿರ್ ಪಾಡುನೆಕ್ ಪತ್ತ್ ಸಮತಟ್ಟಾದ ವಿಶ್ರಾಂತಿ ಜಾಗೊಲು ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಜನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಸಂತೋಷ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref name="mabel">{{cite book | last =Emery | first =Mabel Sarah | year =1901 | title =Russia Through the Stereoscope: A Journey Across the Land of the Czar from Finland to the Black Sea | url =[https://archive.org/details/russiathroughst00emergoog] | publisher =Underwood & Underwood }} p. 210</ref>}} {{cquote|ಬುಲೆವಾರ್ಡ್‌ದ್ ನಡುಪಾಡ್ದ್ "ಎಸ್ಕಲಿಯರ್ ಮೋನ್ಸ್ಟ್ರೆ" (Escalier monstre) ಪಾಡ್ ಪೆರ್ಲೆದ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಬೀಚ್‌ಗು ಜಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಅಲಂಕಾರೊಕಾದ್ ಮಲ್ಪಿನ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಒತ್ತು ಉಂದು ಒಂಜಿ ತಪ್ಪು ಯೋಚನೆದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ; ಉಂದೆತ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಸಂದೇಹಾತೀತವಾದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದೋಷೊಲು ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕಾರಣ, ಉಂದು ಬೇಗ ದೊರಿಯುನ ಸಾಧ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು ಪಂದ್ ಭಾವನೆ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊಡ್ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆನೇ ಸುರುಕಾದ್ ಜಪ್ಪುನ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ ಆವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರೆ ಭವಿಷ್ಯ ಪಂತೆರ್.<ref name="pat8">Herlihy, p. 140, Quoting {{cite book | last =Jeese | first =William | year =1841 | title =Notes of a Half-Pay in Search of Health: Russia, [[Circassia]], and the Crimea, in 1839–1840. 2 vols. | location =London }} volume 1, p. 183.</ref>}} {{cquote|ಒಂಜಿ ಬದಿಟ್ ತೂನಗ, ಆ ಆಕೃತಿ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊ ಇತೊಂಜಿ ದಯನೀಯೊವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು; ಅಯಿಡ್ ದಾತ್ರ ಹಾಸ್ಯಗಾರ್ಲು ಅಲ್ಪ "ಅತ್ತ್ ಇತ್ತ್ ದುಡ್ಡ್ ಕೊರ್ಲೆ'" ಪಂದ್ ಪಾತೆರೊನುವೆರ್.<ref name="pat4">Herlihy, p. 317, Quoting William Hamm, 1862, p. 95-96.</ref>}} {{cquote|ವಿಶಾಲ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆನ್ ತೂನಗ, ಆ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ದೆ ರಿಶೆಲ್ಯೂ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ "ಕುಗ್ಗುದ್ ಪೋತಿಲೆಕ್ಕ" ತೋಜುಂಡು; ಈ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ ಮಾ‌ ಮಲ್ಲ ಗಾತ್ರೊಡು ಉಟ್ಟುಕೊಂಡು, ಮುಲ್ಪಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಜಾಗೊಡು ದೀವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಉಂಡು.<ref name="pat5">Herlihy, p. 317, paraphrasing Shirley Brooks, 185, p. 18.</ref>}} == ಚಿತ್ರೊದ ಪುಟೊ == <gallery> File:Panoramio - V&A Dudush - Потемкинская лестница - Один из символов города.jpg|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು; ತುದಿತ್ತ್‌ಲೆ ಮುಟ್ಟುದ ಇಳಿದಾಣೊಲು ತೋಜುಂಡು. File:Потьомкінські сходи 22.jpg|ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು; ಮೆಲ್ತ್‌ಲೆ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ತೋಜುಜಿ. File:Украина, Одесса - Потемкинская лестница 10 (cropped).jpg|ಒಡೆಶಾ ಫನಿಕುಲರ್ದ ತಿರ್ತುದ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ; ಬಲತ ದಿಕ್ಕುಡು ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು. </gallery> == ಉಂದೆನೂಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * Odesa Funicular * Depaldo stone stairs * Yerevan Cascade * FC Chornomorets Odesa * The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy * Odesa Opera and Ballet Theatre * Seventh-Kilometer Market * Rocky Steps * Joker Stairs * Exorcist steps == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Refbegin}} <!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to create footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags--> {{Refend}} {{Reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು== {{Commons}} * {{cite book |last=Kononova |first=G. |year=1984 |title=Odesa: A Guide |publisher=[[Raduga Publishers]] |location=Moscow |url=http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016191930/http://www.2odessa.com/wiki/index.php?title=Odessa_a_guide |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 October 2007}} [[Category:Buildings and structures in Odesa]] [[Category:Prymorskyi Boulevard]] [[Category:Stairways]] [[Category:Tourist attractions in Odesa]] [[Category:Transport infrastructure completed in 1841]] [[Category:Pedestrian infrastructure in Ukraine]] aeao64v828uu4uohcj4zddtqjikakxp 3 24615 366828 366443 2026-08-24T05:23:18Z Sannidhishetty 9770 /* Unblock request */ಪೊಸ ವಿಭಾಗ 366828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Sannidhishetty}} -- [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊ|ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊ]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊ|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೧೮, ೧೪ ಪೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == Welcome! == Hello, and [[:en:Help:INTRO|welcome to Wikipedia]]! 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[[Category:User talk pages with large language model notices|{{PAGENAME}}]]<!-- Template:Welcome-LLM --> [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೧:೨೫, ೨೨ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == August 2026 == <div class="user-block" style="padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2ab91); background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #fef6e7); color:inherit; min-height: 40px">[[File:Stop x nuvola with clock.svg|40px|left|alt=Stop icon with clock]]<div style="margin-left:45px">You have been '''[[:en:Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]]''' temporarily from editing for [[:en:WP:Large language models|abuse of editing privileges]]. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to [[:en:WP:Five pillars|make useful contributions]]. </div><div style="margin-left:45px">If you believe that there are good reasons for being unblocked, please review Wikipedia's [[:en:WP:Guide to appealing blocks|guide to appealing blocks]], then submit a request through the [[Wikipedia:Unblock_wizard|unblock wizard]] or through <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:MyTalk|action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template:Unblock/editintro&preloadtitle=Unblock+request&preload=Template:Unblock/preload&preloadparams%5b%5d=}} your talk page]</span>. &nbsp;[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೧೨, ೨೨ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST)</div></div><!-- Template:uw-block --> == Unblock request == {{Unblock|reason=Please unblock my account on Tulu Wikipedia. I am a new editor and am still learning how to write and edit articles. I understand that I made a small mistake while adding references, and I have now learned how to add them correctly. I assure you that I will be more careful in my future edits. I kindly request you to unblock my account as soon as possible so that I can resume contributing to Tulu Wikipedia. Thank you for your understanding and consideration. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Sannidhishetty|Sannidhishetty]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Sannidhishetty|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೦:೫೩, ೨೪ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST)}} bkyk2an6ebsg9euqs7qdadzyh5evdvb 366833 366828 2026-08-24T06:20:56Z ChiK 1136 /* Unblock request */ comment 366833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Sannidhishetty}} -- [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊ|ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊ]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊ|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೧೮, ೧೪ ಪೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == Welcome! == Hello, and [[:en:Help:INTRO|welcome to Wikipedia]]! I noticed that [[Special:Contributions/Sannidhishetty|your edit]] on one of the first articles you worked on appears to have been carried out using a [[:en:large language model]] (LLM), such as ChatGPT. While LLMs are powerful, machine-generated text [[:en:WP:LLM|often contains serious flaws]]. They may introduce [[:en:WP:NPOV|bias]], errors, [[:en:WP:PLAG|plagiarism]], [[:en:WP:Libel|libel]], or even [[:en:WP:HOAX|hoaxes]]. Specifically asking an LLM to "write a Wikipedia article" can sometimes cause the output to be [[:en:Hallucination (artificial intelligence)|outright fabrication]], complete with [[:en:Wikipedia:Fictitious references|fictitious references]]. For this reason, the use of [[:en:Artificial intelligence|AI tools]] for the [[:en:Wikipedia:Writing articles with large language models|creation or rewriting of article content]], alongside their usage to generate [[:en:Wikipedia:Image use policy#AI-generated images|images]], [[:en:Wikipedia:Reliable sources#Sources produced by machine learning|sources]] or [[:en:Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines#LLM-generated|comments]], save for a few exceptions, is [[:en:WP:AIPOLICY|generally prohibited]]. LLM-generated articles may be [[:en:WP:G15|quickly deleted]]. If you are unsure about your wording, an alternative is to suggest it on the talk page for another volunteer to look at it. If you are creating a new article, you may use the [[:en:WP:AFC|Articles for Creation]] process to get feedback on your work. As you get started editing Wikipedia, you may find the pages below to be helpful: * [[:en:Help:Introduction|Introduction]] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia|Contributing to Wikipedia]] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars of Wikipedia]] * [[:en:Help:Editing|How to edit a page]] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Your first article|How to create your first article]] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style|Simplified Manual of Style]] If you still have questions, there is the [[Wikipedia: ಚಾವಡಿ|ಚಾವಡಿ]], or you can {{edit|Special:MyTalk|click here to ask a question on your talk page|section=new|preload=Help:Contents/helpmepreload|preloadtitle=Help me!}}, and someone will be along to answer it shortly. In your messages, please [[:en:Wikipedia:Signatures|sign your name]] on talk pages using four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); this will automatically produce your name and a timestamp. Happy editing! [[Category:User talk pages with large language model notices|{{PAGENAME}}]]<!-- Template:Welcome-LLM --> [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೧:೨೫, ೨೨ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == August 2026 == <div class="user-block" style="padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2ab91); background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #fef6e7); color:inherit; min-height: 40px">[[File:Stop x nuvola with clock.svg|40px|left|alt=Stop icon with clock]]<div style="margin-left:45px">You have been '''[[:en:Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]]''' temporarily from editing for [[:en:WP:Large language models|abuse of editing privileges]]. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to [[:en:WP:Five pillars|make useful contributions]]. </div><div style="margin-left:45px">If you believe that there are good reasons for being unblocked, please review Wikipedia's [[:en:WP:Guide to appealing blocks|guide to appealing blocks]], then submit a request through the [[Wikipedia:Unblock_wizard|unblock wizard]] or through <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:MyTalk|action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template:Unblock/editintro&preloadtitle=Unblock+request&preload=Template:Unblock/preload&preloadparams%5b%5d=}} your talk page]</span>. &nbsp;[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೧೨, ೨೨ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST)</div></div><!-- Template:uw-block --> == Unblock request == {{Unblock|reason=Please unblock my account on Tulu Wikipedia. I am a new editor and am still learning how to write and edit articles. I understand that I made a small mistake while adding references, and I have now learned how to add them correctly. I assure you that I will be more careful in my future edits. I kindly request you to unblock my account as soon as possible so that I can resume contributing to Tulu Wikipedia. Thank you for your understanding and consideration. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Sannidhishetty|Sannidhishetty]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Sannidhishetty|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೦:೫೩, ೨೪ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST)}} What have you learned about large language model translation, and how can we avoid issues in machine-translated edited articles in the future? Also, are you aware of [[:en:Wikipedia:Speedy_deletion#G15._Unambiguously_LLM-generated_pages|this]]? hbwy4ajn3xaqy9hj6dbdktwqem0jjwb 366834 366833 2026-08-24T06:25:16Z ChiK 1136 /* Unblock request */ signed 366834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Sannidhishetty}} -- [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊ|ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊ]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊ|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೧೮, ೧೪ ಪೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == Welcome! == Hello, and [[:en:Help:INTRO|welcome to Wikipedia]]! I noticed that [[Special:Contributions/Sannidhishetty|your edit]] on one of the first articles you worked on appears to have been carried out using a [[:en:large language model]] (LLM), such as ChatGPT. While LLMs are powerful, machine-generated text [[:en:WP:LLM|often contains serious flaws]]. They may introduce [[:en:WP:NPOV|bias]], errors, [[:en:WP:PLAG|plagiarism]], [[:en:WP:Libel|libel]], or even [[:en:WP:HOAX|hoaxes]]. Specifically asking an LLM to "write a Wikipedia article" can sometimes cause the output to be [[:en:Hallucination (artificial intelligence)|outright fabrication]], complete with [[:en:Wikipedia:Fictitious references|fictitious references]]. For this reason, the use of [[:en:Artificial intelligence|AI tools]] for the [[:en:Wikipedia:Writing articles with large language models|creation or rewriting of article content]], alongside their usage to generate [[:en:Wikipedia:Image use policy#AI-generated images|images]], [[:en:Wikipedia:Reliable sources#Sources produced by machine learning|sources]] or [[:en:Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines#LLM-generated|comments]], save for a few exceptions, is [[:en:WP:AIPOLICY|generally prohibited]]. LLM-generated articles may be [[:en:WP:G15|quickly deleted]]. If you are unsure about your wording, an alternative is to suggest it on the talk page for another volunteer to look at it. If you are creating a new article, you may use the [[:en:WP:AFC|Articles for Creation]] process to get feedback on your work. As you get started editing Wikipedia, you may find the pages below to be helpful: * [[:en:Help:Introduction|Introduction]] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia|Contributing to Wikipedia]] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars of Wikipedia]] * [[:en:Help:Editing|How to edit a page]] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Your first article|How to create your first article]] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style|Simplified Manual of Style]] If you still have questions, there is the [[Wikipedia: ಚಾವಡಿ|ಚಾವಡಿ]], or you can {{edit|Special:MyTalk|click here to ask a question on your talk page|section=new|preload=Help:Contents/helpmepreload|preloadtitle=Help me!}}, and someone will be along to answer it shortly. In your messages, please [[:en:Wikipedia:Signatures|sign your name]] on talk pages using four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); this will automatically produce your name and a timestamp. Happy editing! [[Category:User talk pages with large language model notices|{{PAGENAME}}]]<!-- Template:Welcome-LLM --> [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೧:೨೫, ೨೨ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == August 2026 == <div class="user-block" style="padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2ab91); background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #fef6e7); color:inherit; min-height: 40px">[[File:Stop x nuvola with clock.svg|40px|left|alt=Stop icon with clock]]<div style="margin-left:45px">You have been '''[[:en:Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]]''' temporarily from editing for [[:en:WP:Large language models|abuse of editing privileges]]. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to [[:en:WP:Five pillars|make useful contributions]]. </div><div style="margin-left:45px">If you believe that there are good reasons for being unblocked, please review Wikipedia's [[:en:WP:Guide to appealing blocks|guide to appealing blocks]], then submit a request through the [[Wikipedia:Unblock_wizard|unblock wizard]] or through <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:MyTalk|action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template:Unblock/editintro&preloadtitle=Unblock+request&preload=Template:Unblock/preload&preloadparams%5b%5d=}} your talk page]</span>. &nbsp;[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೧೨, ೨೨ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST)</div></div><!-- Template:uw-block --> == Unblock request == {{Unblock|reason=Please unblock my account on Tulu Wikipedia. I am a new editor and am still learning how to write and edit articles. I understand that I made a small mistake while adding references, and I have now learned how to add them correctly. I assure you that I will be more careful in my future edits. I kindly request you to unblock my account as soon as possible so that I can resume contributing to Tulu Wikipedia. Thank you for your understanding and consideration. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Sannidhishetty|Sannidhishetty]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Sannidhishetty|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೦:೫೩, ೨೪ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST)}} What have you learned about large language model translation, and how can we avoid issues in machine-translated edited articles in the future? Also, are you aware of [[:en:Wikipedia:Speedy_deletion#G15._Unambiguously_LLM-generated_pages|this]]? - [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೧:೫೫, ೨೪ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) 467p5znwjqxmfwwz06ybdiptqbypy81 366837 366834 2026-08-24T06:47:22Z Sannidhishetty 9770 /* Unblock request */ 366837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Sannidhishetty}} -- [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊ|ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊ]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊ|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೧೮, ೧೪ ಪೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == Welcome! == Hello, and [[:en:Help:INTRO|welcome to Wikipedia]]! I noticed that [[Special:Contributions/Sannidhishetty|your edit]] on one of the first articles you worked on appears to have been carried out using a [[:en:large language model]] (LLM), such as ChatGPT. While LLMs are powerful, machine-generated text [[:en:WP:LLM|often contains serious flaws]]. They may introduce [[:en:WP:NPOV|bias]], errors, [[:en:WP:PLAG|plagiarism]], [[:en:WP:Libel|libel]], or even [[:en:WP:HOAX|hoaxes]]. Specifically asking an LLM to "write a Wikipedia article" can sometimes cause the output to be [[:en:Hallucination (artificial intelligence)|outright fabrication]], complete with [[:en:Wikipedia:Fictitious references|fictitious references]]. For this reason, the use of [[:en:Artificial intelligence|AI tools]] for the [[:en:Wikipedia:Writing articles with large language models|creation or rewriting of article content]], alongside their usage to generate [[:en:Wikipedia:Image use policy#AI-generated images|images]], [[:en:Wikipedia:Reliable sources#Sources produced by machine learning|sources]] or [[:en:Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines#LLM-generated|comments]], save for a few exceptions, is [[:en:WP:AIPOLICY|generally prohibited]]. LLM-generated articles may be [[:en:WP:G15|quickly deleted]]. If you are unsure about your wording, an alternative is to suggest it on the talk page for another volunteer to look at it. If you are creating a new article, you may use the [[:en:WP:AFC|Articles for Creation]] process to get feedback on your work. As you get started editing Wikipedia, you may find the pages below to be helpful: * [[:en:Help:Introduction|Introduction]] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia|Contributing to Wikipedia]] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars of Wikipedia]] * [[:en:Help:Editing|How to edit a page]] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Your first article|How to create your first article]] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style|Simplified Manual of Style]] If you still have questions, there is the [[Wikipedia: ಚಾವಡಿ|ಚಾವಡಿ]], or you can {{edit|Special:MyTalk|click here to ask a question on your talk page|section=new|preload=Help:Contents/helpmepreload|preloadtitle=Help me!}}, and someone will be along to answer it shortly. In your messages, please [[:en:Wikipedia:Signatures|sign your name]] on talk pages using four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); this will automatically produce your name and a timestamp. Happy editing! [[Category:User talk pages with large language model notices|{{PAGENAME}}]]<!-- Template:Welcome-LLM --> [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೧:೨೫, ೨೨ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == August 2026 == <div class="user-block" style="padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2ab91); background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #fef6e7); color:inherit; min-height: 40px">[[File:Stop x nuvola with clock.svg|40px|left|alt=Stop icon with clock]]<div style="margin-left:45px">You have been '''[[:en:Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]]''' temporarily from editing for [[:en:WP:Large language models|abuse of editing privileges]]. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to [[:en:WP:Five pillars|make useful contributions]]. </div><div style="margin-left:45px">If you believe that there are good reasons for being unblocked, please review Wikipedia's [[:en:WP:Guide to appealing blocks|guide to appealing blocks]], then submit a request through the [[Wikipedia:Unblock_wizard|unblock wizard]] or through <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:MyTalk|action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template:Unblock/editintro&preloadtitle=Unblock+request&preload=Template:Unblock/preload&preloadparams%5b%5d=}} your talk page]</span>. &nbsp;[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೧೨, ೨೨ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST)</div></div><!-- Template:uw-block --> == Unblock request == {{Unblock|reason=Please unblock my account on Tulu Wikipedia. I am a new editor and am still learning how to write and edit articles. I understand that I made a small mistake while adding references, and I have now learned how to add them correctly. I assure you that I will be more careful in my future edits. I kindly request you to unblock my account as soon as possible so that I can resume contributing to Tulu Wikipedia. Thank you for your understanding and consideration. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Sannidhishetty|Sannidhishetty]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Sannidhishetty|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೦:೫೩, ೨೪ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST)}} What have you learned about large language model translation, and how can we avoid issues in machine-translated edited articles in the future? Also, are you aware of [[:en:Wikipedia:Speedy_deletion#G15._Unambiguously_LLM-generated_pages|this]]? - [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೧:೫೫, ೨೪ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) Yes, I am aware of this. I manually wrote the articles, and I made sure to check and review them before publishing. I understand that machine translation, including translation assisted by large language models, can sometimes introduce inaccuracies, awkward phrasing, or changes in meaning. In the future, I will continue to carefully review the translated content manually, verify the meaning against the original, and only publish it after thorough checking. kzcvx0p2mkszw4o0hlhjli5iuiwa4c7 366838 366837 2026-08-24T06:47:52Z Sannidhishetty 9770 /* Unblock request */ 366838 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Sannidhishetty}} -- [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊ|ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊ]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊ|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೧೮, ೧೪ ಪೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == Welcome! == Hello, and [[:en:Help:INTRO|welcome to Wikipedia]]! I noticed that [[Special:Contributions/Sannidhishetty|your edit]] on one of the first articles you worked on appears to have been carried out using a [[:en:large language model]] (LLM), such as ChatGPT. While LLMs are powerful, machine-generated text [[:en:WP:LLM|often contains serious flaws]]. They may introduce [[:en:WP:NPOV|bias]], errors, [[:en:WP:PLAG|plagiarism]], [[:en:WP:Libel|libel]], or even [[:en:WP:HOAX|hoaxes]]. Specifically asking an LLM to "write a Wikipedia article" can sometimes cause the output to be [[:en:Hallucination (artificial intelligence)|outright fabrication]], complete with [[:en:Wikipedia:Fictitious references|fictitious references]]. For this reason, the use of [[:en:Artificial intelligence|AI tools]] for the [[:en:Wikipedia:Writing articles with large language models|creation or rewriting of article content]], alongside their usage to generate [[:en:Wikipedia:Image use policy#AI-generated images|images]], [[:en:Wikipedia:Reliable sources#Sources produced by machine learning|sources]] or [[:en:Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines#LLM-generated|comments]], save for a few exceptions, is [[:en:WP:AIPOLICY|generally prohibited]]. LLM-generated articles may be [[:en:WP:G15|quickly deleted]]. If you are unsure about your wording, an alternative is to suggest it on the talk page for another volunteer to look at it. If you are creating a new article, you may use the [[:en:WP:AFC|Articles for Creation]] process to get feedback on your work. As you get started editing Wikipedia, you may find the pages below to be helpful: * [[:en:Help:Introduction|Introduction]] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia|Contributing to Wikipedia]] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars of Wikipedia]] * [[:en:Help:Editing|How to edit a page]] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Your first article|How to create your first article]] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style|Simplified Manual of Style]] If you still have questions, there is the [[Wikipedia: ಚಾವಡಿ|ಚಾವಡಿ]], or you can {{edit|Special:MyTalk|click here to ask a question on your talk page|section=new|preload=Help:Contents/helpmepreload|preloadtitle=Help me!}}, and someone will be along to answer it shortly. In your messages, please [[:en:Wikipedia:Signatures|sign your name]] on talk pages using four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); this will automatically produce your name and a timestamp. Happy editing! [[Category:User talk pages with large language model notices|{{PAGENAME}}]]<!-- Template:Welcome-LLM --> [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೧:೨೫, ೨೨ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == August 2026 == <div class="user-block" style="padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2ab91); background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #fef6e7); color:inherit; min-height: 40px">[[File:Stop x nuvola with clock.svg|40px|left|alt=Stop icon with clock]]<div style="margin-left:45px">You have been '''[[:en:Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]]''' temporarily from editing for [[:en:WP:Large language models|abuse of editing privileges]]. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to [[:en:WP:Five pillars|make useful contributions]]. </div><div style="margin-left:45px">If you believe that there are good reasons for being unblocked, please review Wikipedia's [[:en:WP:Guide to appealing blocks|guide to appealing blocks]], then submit a request through the [[Wikipedia:Unblock_wizard|unblock wizard]] or through <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:MyTalk|action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template:Unblock/editintro&preloadtitle=Unblock+request&preload=Template:Unblock/preload&preloadparams%5b%5d=}} your talk page]</span>. &nbsp;[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೧೨, ೨೨ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST)</div></div><!-- Template:uw-block --> == Unblock request == {{Unblock|reason=Please unblock my account on Tulu Wikipedia. I am a new editor and am still learning how to write and edit articles. I understand that I made a small mistake while adding references, and I have now learned how to add them correctly. I assure you that I will be more careful in my future edits. I kindly request you to unblock my account as soon as possible so that I can resume contributing to Tulu Wikipedia. Thank you for your understanding and consideration. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Sannidhishetty|Sannidhishetty]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Sannidhishetty|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೦:೫೩, ೨೪ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST)}} What have you learned about large language model translation, and how can we avoid issues in machine-translated edited articles in the future? Also, are you aware of [[:en:Wikipedia:Speedy_deletion#G15._Unambiguously_LLM-generated_pages|this]]? - [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೧:೫೫, ೨೪ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) Yes, I am aware of this. I manually wrote the articles, and I made sure to check and review them before publishing. I understand that machine translation, including translation assisted by large language models, can sometimes introduce inaccuracies, awkward phrasing, or changes in meaning. In the future, I will continue to carefully review the translated content manually, verify the meaning against the original, and only publish it after thorough checking.--[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Sannidhishetty|Sannidhishetty]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Sannidhishetty|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೨:೧೭, ೨೪ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) 8jo14ayjvl3vfddc6lew7va93dhh2vm 366841 366838 2026-08-24T07:03:05Z ChiK 1136 /* Unblock request */ Reviewed 366841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Template:Welcome|realName=|name=Sannidhishetty}} -- [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊ|ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊ]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊ|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೧೮, ೧೪ ಪೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == Welcome! == Hello, and [[:en:Help:INTRO|welcome to Wikipedia]]! I noticed that [[Special:Contributions/Sannidhishetty|your edit]] on one of the first articles you worked on appears to have been carried out using a [[:en:large language model]] (LLM), such as ChatGPT. While LLMs are powerful, machine-generated text [[:en:WP:LLM|often contains serious flaws]]. They may introduce [[:en:WP:NPOV|bias]], errors, [[:en:WP:PLAG|plagiarism]], [[:en:WP:Libel|libel]], or even [[:en:WP:HOAX|hoaxes]]. Specifically asking an LLM to "write a Wikipedia article" can sometimes cause the output to be [[:en:Hallucination (artificial intelligence)|outright fabrication]], complete with [[:en:Wikipedia:Fictitious references|fictitious references]]. For this reason, the use of [[:en:Artificial intelligence|AI tools]] for the [[:en:Wikipedia:Writing articles with large language models|creation or rewriting of article content]], alongside their usage to generate [[:en:Wikipedia:Image use policy#AI-generated images|images]], [[:en:Wikipedia:Reliable sources#Sources produced by machine learning|sources]] or [[:en:Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines#LLM-generated|comments]], save for a few exceptions, is [[:en:WP:AIPOLICY|generally prohibited]]. LLM-generated articles may be [[:en:WP:G15|quickly deleted]]. If you are unsure about your wording, an alternative is to suggest it on the talk page for another volunteer to look at it. If you are creating a new article, you may use the [[:en:WP:AFC|Articles for Creation]] process to get feedback on your work. As you get started editing Wikipedia, you may find the pages below to be helpful: * [[:en:Help:Introduction|Introduction]] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia|Contributing to Wikipedia]] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars of Wikipedia]] * [[:en:Help:Editing|How to edit a page]] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Your first article|How to create your first article]] * [[:en:Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style|Simplified Manual of Style]] If you still have questions, there is the [[Wikipedia: ಚಾವಡಿ|ಚಾವಡಿ]], or you can {{edit|Special:MyTalk|click here to ask a question on your talk page|section=new|preload=Help:Contents/helpmepreload|preloadtitle=Help me!}}, and someone will be along to answer it shortly. In your messages, please [[:en:Wikipedia:Signatures|sign your name]] on talk pages using four tildes (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); this will automatically produce your name and a timestamp. Happy editing! [[Category:User talk pages with large language model notices|{{PAGENAME}}]]<!-- Template:Welcome-LLM --> [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೧:೨೫, ೨೨ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == August 2026 == <div class="user-block" style="padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2ab91); background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #fef6e7); color:inherit; min-height: 40px">[[File:Stop x nuvola with clock.svg|40px|left|alt=Stop icon with clock]]<div style="margin-left:45px">You have been '''[[:en:Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]]''' temporarily from editing for [[:en:WP:Large language models|abuse of editing privileges]]. Once the block has expired, you are welcome to [[:en:WP:Five pillars|make useful contributions]]. </div><div style="margin-left:45px">If you believe that there are good reasons for being unblocked, please review Wikipedia's [[:en:WP:Guide to appealing blocks|guide to appealing blocks]], then submit a request through the [[Wikipedia:Unblock_wizard|unblock wizard]] or through <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:MyTalk|action=edit&section=new&editintro=Template:Unblock/editintro&preloadtitle=Unblock+request&preload=Template:Unblock/preload&preloadparams%5b%5d=}} your talk page]</span>. &nbsp;[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೨:೧೨, ೨೨ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST)</div></div><!-- Template:uw-block --> == Unblock request == {{unblock reviewed |1=Please unblock my account on Tulu Wikipedia. I am a new editor and am still learning how to write and edit articles. I understand that I made a small mistake while adding references, and I have now learned how to add them correctly. I assure you that I will be more careful in my future edits. I kindly request you to unblock my account as soon as possible so that I can resume contributing to Tulu Wikipedia. Thank you for your understanding and consideration. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Sannidhishetty|Sannidhishetty]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Sannidhishetty|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೦:೫೩, ೨೪ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) |accept = user agreed with guidance. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೨:೩೩, ೨೪ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST)}} What have you learned about large language model translation, and how can we avoid issues in machine-translated edited articles in the future? Also, are you aware of [[:en:Wikipedia:Speedy_deletion#G15._Unambiguously_LLM-generated_pages|this]]? - [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೧:೫೫, ೨೪ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) Yes, I am aware of this. I manually wrote the articles, and I made sure to check and review them before publishing. I understand that machine translation, including translation assisted by large language models, can sometimes introduce inaccuracies, awkward phrasing, or changes in meaning. In the future, I will continue to carefully review the translated content manually, verify the meaning against the original, and only publish it after thorough checking.--[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Sannidhishetty|Sannidhishetty]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Sannidhishetty|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೨:೧೭, ೨೪ ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬ (IST) f6fgamgfuerrbgcklxs9ugcna3cn6tf 4 24731 366790 363637 2026-08-23T22:52:15Z MABot 170 Bot: Archiving 1 thread from [[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಚಾವಡಿ]] 366790 wikitext text/x-wiki == Invitation: Karavali Wikimedians Stall & Community Meetup at Mangaluru Lit Fest 2026 == <div style="margin: 1em auto; padding: 15px; border: 2px solid #4b0082; border-radius: 15px; background-color: #fdfaf5; box-shadow: 5px 5px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); max-width: 100%;"> <div style="text-align: center; margin-bottom: 20px;"> <span style="font-size: 160%; font-weight: bold; color: #cc5500; text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px #ddd;">✨ Karavali Wikimedians @ Mangaluru Lit Fest 2026 ✨</span><br> <span style="font-size: 120%; color: #4b0082; font-weight: bold;">Celebrating 10th Years of Tulu Wikipedia & 25th Years of Wikipedia</span></div> Dear Wikimedians, Warm greetings from '''Karavali Wikimedians User Group'''! 🌟 We are thrilled to invite you to the '''[[:m:Karavali Wikimedians Stall & Community Meetup at Mangaluru Lit Fest 2026|8th Edition of the Mangaluru Literature Festival (#MlrLitFest)]]'''. This year is a historic milestone as we kick-start the '''[[:m:Tulu Wikipedia 10th Anniversary|10th Anniversary of Tulu Wikipedia]]'''! <div style="display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; width: 100%; background: transparent;"> <div style="flex: 1; min-width: 250px; padding: 10px; border: 1px dashed #cc5500; border-radius: 10px; background: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box;"> <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #cc5500;">📅 '''When:'''</span><br> '''10th & 11th January 2026''' <br><br> <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #cc5500;">📍 '''Where:'''</span><br> '''Dr. TMA Pai International Convention Centre, Mangaluru''' </div> <div style="flex: 1; min-width: 250px; padding: 10px; border: 1px dashed #2e8b57; border-radius: 10px; background: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box;"> <span style="font-size: 110%; color: #2e8b57;">🚀 '''The Wiki Stall:'''</span><br> Visit our stall to see our work in language documentation and cultural preservation. We need your energy to help manage and showcase our projects! </div></div> <div style="margin-top: 20px; padding: 15px; background-color: #f3eafb; border-left: 10px solid #4b0082; border-radius: 5px;"> <span style="font-size: 130%; font-weight: bold; color: #202122;">📌 Special Community Meetup</span><br> '''Date:''' 11th January 2026 (Day 2)<br> '''Time:''' 11:00 AM (Followed by Lunch 🍛)<br> '''Agenda:''' '''''Future roadmaps, upcoming projects, Community health and capacity building.''''' </div> <br> * We warmly invite all community members to attend both days of the festival, and we strongly encourage you not to miss the second day’s meetup, which will be an important space for collective reflection and future planning. We look forward to your presence, participation, and support in making this celebration and gathering meaningful and successful. '''Warm regards,'''<br/> <span style="color: #4b0082; font-weight: bold;">President and Secretary</span><br/>Karavali Wikimedians User Group, Mangaluru</div> <!-- Message sent by User:ChiK@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karavali_Wikimedians/Events/delivery_list/MlrLitFest&oldid=29873017 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೮:೫೧, ೧೮ ಜನವರಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> ೦೨:೩೨, ೨೦ ಜನವರಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == ಸ್ಪ್ರಿಂಗ್ ಮಂತ್ ಎಡಿಟ್-ಅಥಾನ್ - ೨೦೨೬ == ಚೀನಾದ WMGMC ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿಕಿಪ್ರಾಜೆಕ್ಟ್ ಚೈನಾ ಕಲ್ಚರಲ್ ಹೆರಿಟೇಜ್ ಸಹಯೋಗದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ 10 ಡ್ದ್ ಮಾರ್ಚ್ 18 ಮುಟ್ಟ ಆಜಿನೇ '''[[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಸ್ಪ್ರಿಂಗ್ ಮಂತ್ ಎಡಿಟ್-ಅಥಾನ್|ಸ್ಪ್ರಿಂಗ್ ಮಂತ್ ಎಡಿಟ್-ಅಥಾನ್]]''' ಕೂಡ ನಡೆಯಲಿದ್ದುನಡಪುಂಡು. ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊದ ಬರವಣಿಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ ಮೂಲಕ ದಾಖಲಿಸರೆ ಲೆಪ್ಪೊಲೆ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್, ಈ ಎಡಿಟ್-ಅಥಾನ್ ವುಡ್ ಸ್ನೇಕ್ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಅಕೆರಿದ ಚಂದ್ರಮಾನೊ ತಿಂಗೊಳುದ ಅವಧಿಡ್ (ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ 10–16) ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಫೈರ್ ಹಾರ್ಸ್ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಸುರುತ ಚಂದ್ರಮಾನೊ ತಿಂಗಳೊದ ಅವಧಿಡ್ (ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ 17–ಮಾರ್ಚ್ 18) ಪನ್ಪಿನ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಹಂತೊಲೆಡ್ ನಡಾಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾರ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಮಂದಿನಕಲೆಗ್ ವರ್ಚುವಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭೌತಿಕ ಬೊಮ್ಮಾನೊಲು ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Hariprasad Shetty10|Hariprasad Shetty10]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Hariprasad Shetty10|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೧:೫೨, ೪ ಪೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == ವಿಕಿಕಾನ್ಫರೆನ್ಸ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ 2026: ಸ್ಕಾಲರ್‌ಶಿಪ್ ಅರ್ಜಿಲೆನ್ ಪಾಡಿಯರ ಲೆತ್ತ್‌ತೆರ್ == ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್ಲಾ ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ, ವಿಕಿಕಾನ್ಫರೆನ್ಸ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ 2026 ಗ್ ಸ್ಕಾಲರ್‌ಶಿಪ್ (ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿವೇತನ) ಅರ್ಜಿಲೆನ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಪಾಡೊಲಿ. ಈ ಸಮ್ಮೇಳನ ಉಂದುವೆ ಬರ್ಪಿ 2026 ನೇ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 4-ಡ್‍ದ್ 6 ಮುಟ್ಟ ಭಾರತದ ಕೊಚ್ಚಿಡ್ ನಡಪರೆ ಉಂಡು. ವಿಕಿಕಾನ್ಫರೆನ್ಸ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ, ಭಾರತ, ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಏಷ್ಯಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಕಡೆತ ವಿಕಿಮೀಡಿಯನ್‍ಲೆನ್, ಸಮುದಾಯದ ಸಂಘಟಕೆರೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿಕ್ಕಿಟ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಪುನಕುಲೆನ್  ಒಟ್ಟು ಸೇರಾವುಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಒರಿಯನೊರಿ ಪರ್ಚಯ ಆಯೆರೆ, ಕಲ್ಪೆರೆ, ಅನುಬವೊಲೆನ್ ಪಟ್ಟೊಣಿಯೆರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮುಕ್ತ ಜ್ಞಾನ ಚಳುವಳಿದ ಬುಲೆಚ್ಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಒಟ್ಟಾದ್ ಬೇಲೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಎಡ್ಡೆ ಅಂಚನೆ ಮಲ್ಲ ವೇದಿಕೆ. ಈರ್ ವಿಕಿಮೀಡಿಯಾ ಯೋಜನೆಲೆಡ್ ಸಕ್ರಿಯವಾದ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯೊಂದಿತ್ತರ್ಂಡ ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಸಮುದಾಯದ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆಲೆಡ್ ಪಾಲ್ ದೆತೊಂತಿತ್ತರ್‌ಂಡ, ಈ ಸ್ಕಾಲರ್‌ಶಿಪ್‌ಗ್ ಅರ್ಜಿ ಪಾಡೊಲಿ. ನೆತ್ತ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಎಚ್ಚಿಗೆತಾ ವಿವರೊಲು ಮುಲ್ಪ ಉಂಡು. 🙂 ಅರ್ಜಿ ಪಾಡ್ಯೆರೆ ಕಡೆತ ದಿನ: [15 ಏಪ್ರಿಲ್ 2026, ರಾತ್ರೆ 11:59 ಗಂಟೆಗ್ (IST)] ಅರ್ಜಿ ಪಾಡುನ ಕೊಂಡಿ: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdA3rR9xX_k31dzJrjM5MTDNYNUIRcAB45S4TflsYCbGJNrzg/viewform ಎಚ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮಾಹಿತಿಗ್: [[metawiki:WikiConference_India_2026/Scholarship|Meta page link]] ದಯಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಈ ವಿಚಾರೊನು ಇರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯದ ಬೇತೆಕ್ಲೆಗ್‌ಲಾ ಪಟ್ಟೊನ್‌ಲೆ. ಸೊಲ್ಮೆಲು. ವಿಕಿಕಾನ್ಫರೆನ್ಸ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ 2026 ಆಯೋಜನಾ ಸಮಿತಿ -[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Gnoeee|Gnoeee]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Gnoeee|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೩:೪೪, ೨೯ ಮಾರ್ಚಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == [[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಟ್ವಿಂಕಲ್]] == '''ಟ್ವಿಂಕಲ್''' ಪಂಡ ಜಾವಾಸ್ಕ್ರಿಪ್ಟ್‌ನ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಗ್ಯಾಜೆಟ್ . [[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆರೆನ ಗುಂಪುಲು|ಸ್ವಯಂ-ದೃಢಪಡಿಸಾಯಿನ]] ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆರೆಗ್ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ನಿರ್ವಹಣೆದ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆಡ್ ಸಹಾಯ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಂಡಾಲಿಸಂ ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಅರಚನಾತ್ಮಕ ಸಂಪಾದನೆಲೆನ್ ಎದುರಿಸೆರೆ ಸಕಾಯೊ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಮಸ್ತು ಹೆಚ್ಚುವರಿ ಆಯ್ಕೆಲೆನ್ ಉಂದು ಅನುಮತಿಸವುಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆರೆಗ್ ಮೂಜಿ ಬಗೆತ ರೋಲ್ಬ್ಯಾಕ್ ಕಾರ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ಒದಗಾವುಂಡು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ತ್ವರಿತ ಮಜಾವುನ ಕಾರ್ಯೊಲೆನ ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಲೈಬ್ರರಿನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು, ಬಳಕೆದಾರನ ಎಚ್ಚರಿಕೆಲು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಸ್ವಾಗತೊಲು, ನಿರ್ವಹಣೆ ಟ್ಯಾಗ್‍ಲು, ವಂಡಲ್ಸ್‌ನ ಅರೆ-ಸ್ವಯಂಚಾಲಿತ ವರದಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನವು. ಅತ್ತಂದೆ, ಉಂದು [[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕೆರ್|ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕೆರೆಗ್]] ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಕರ್ತವ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಸಕಾಯೊ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಸಾದನೊಲೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಈ ನೆಲೆಟ್ ಅವೆತ ಚಾಲನೆಗು ಸಮುದಾಯದ ಒಮ್ಮತೊ ಬೊಡು. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೬:೦೮, ೨೩ ಮಾರ್ಚಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) === ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ === *[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|Bharathesha Alasandemajalu]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೯:೨೧, ೨೩ ಮಾರ್ಚಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) *[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Vishwanatha Badikana|Vishwanatha Badikana]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Vishwanatha Badikana|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೨೦:೪೫, ೨೩ ಮಾರ್ಚಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) : {{done}} [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೨:೩೩, ೫ ಎಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Invitation to join South Asian Community and the Annual Planning Discussions with WMF == "Kindly feel free to translate this text into your own language." Dear Community member, We would like to invite you all to the April edition of the South Asia Open Community Call that will focus on a discussion with the leadership of the Wikimedia Foundation on their [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|Annual Plan (2026-2027)]]. The [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan|Foundation’s Annual Plan]] is a high-level roadmap for what the organisation aims to achieve in the coming year. It includes not only the foundation’s Goals, Progress, and plan but also a summary of Global Trends that impact the present and future of our movement. This is the right time for the South Asia community to participate and share their thoughts on the Wikimedia Foundation’s annual plan, helping shape it together. Share your hopes, concerns, bold ideas, and specific requests to contribute to the Foundation’s planning. Hence, the next [[:m:South Asia Open Community Call|South Asia Open Community Call]] will be hosted on the following dates/times. Please mark the same in your calendar and sign up [[:m:Event:South Asia Open Community Call, April 2026|here]]. * Platform: Google Meet * Date: 17th April, 2026 * Time: 1930-2045 IST (1400-1515 UTC) * Registration Link: [[:m:Event:South Asia Open Community Call, April 2026|here]] Note: Only those who have registered will receive the joining link. Look forward to seeing you on the call, Best, [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೦೦:೧೧, ೬ ಎಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_Gill/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=29127818 --> == ಮುಕ್ಯೊ ಪುಟೊಟು ಸೇರಾಯರೆ == ಮುಕ್ಯೊ ಪುಟೊಟ್ ಸುದ್ದಿಲೆನ ಇಬಾಗೊ ಸೇರ್ಪದೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಕೆಲವೊಂಜಿ ಬದಲಾವನೆದ ಸ್ವರೂಪೊಲೆನು ಪಟ್ಟೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆ. ಇಂದೆಕ್ ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊ ತೆರಿಪಲೆ. [[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪುಟ/ಕಲ್ಪುನಕಳ]]. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೭:೩೬, ೧೪ ಎಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) * ಬೇತೆ ವಿಕಿ ಪುಟತಂಚನೆ ತುಳುತ ಮುಕ್ಯೊಪುಟೊಲಾ ಎಡ್ಡೆ ತೋಜೊಡುಂದು ಈ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಬೇಲೆಗ್ ಎನ್ನ {{support}} ಉಂಡು. --[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Vishwanatha Badikana|Vishwanatha Badikana]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Vishwanatha Badikana|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೦:೫೧, ೧೭ ಎಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) *ಎನ್ನ ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ ಉಂಡು- [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|Bharathesha Alasandemajalu]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Bharathesha Alasandemajalu|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೦೮:೦೨, ೨೧ ಎಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) : {{done}}. [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:ChiK|ChiK]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:ChiK|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೦೯:೩೭, ೨೧ ಎಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == Meeting Invitation: Karavali Wikimedians User Group (KWUG) == '''Namaskara!''' You are cordially invited to the upcoming online meeting of the Karavali Wikimedians User Group. We will be discussing key projects, including the 10th-anniversary celebrations for Tulu Wikipedia and our cultural heritage campaigns. '''Meeting Details:''' <br/> 📅 Date: Thursday, 23 April 2026 <br/> ⏰ Time: 07:30 PM (IST) <br/> 📍 Venue: Google Meet (Online) <br/> 🔗 Meeting Link: https://meet.google.com/xgs-fodf-ouy '''Agenda:''' <br/> Wiki Loves Tuluvas: Living and Cultural Heritage campaign. <br/> Tulu Wikipedia 10th Anniversary: Planning the milestone celebration. <br/> In-person Meeting: Scheduling our next physical gathering. <br/> GLAM Activity: Updates on gallery and library collaborations. <br/> Open Discussion: Other community matters. Your participation and ideas are vital to the growth of our community. See you there... '''More:''' <br/> https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Karavali_Wikimedians/Meetups/Online_Meetup_23_April_2026 '''On behalf''', <br/> Karavali Wikimedians <!-- Message sent by User:ChiK@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karavali_Wikimedians/Events/delivery_list&oldid=30440036 --> == ತುಳುಟು ಅಂಕೆನ್ ಗಳಸುನ ಬಗೆಟ್ == ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯಾಡ್ '''ಕನ್ನಡ ಅಂಕೆ''' ೦೧೨೩೪೫೬೭೮೯ ಅತ್ತಂಡ '''ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಸ್ ಅಂಕೆ''' 0123456789 ಇಂಚ ಗಳಸೊಂದುಲ್ಲೊ. ಈ ಬಗೆಟ್ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದಕ್ಲೆನ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊ ಬೋಡು. ಮಸ್ತ್ ಲೇಕನೊಲೆಡ್ ಈ ರಡ್ಡೆನ್‌ಲಾ ಗಳಸೊಂದುಲ್ಲೊ. ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕವಾದ್ ಸಮಸ್ಯೆ ಉಂಡಾಂಡ ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕೆರ್ ಪನೊಡು.--[[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Vishwanatha Badikana|Vishwanatha Badikana]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Vishwanatha Badikana|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೭:೫೪, ೨೩ ಎಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೦೬:೨೮, ೨೬ ಎಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == Call for Applications: TTT 2026 (Deadline Extended to 20 May) == ''<small>Apologies for writing in English. Please feel free to translate this into your language.</small>'' Hello everyone, We hope you are doing well. We would like to share that applications for the [[:m:IIITH-OKI/Train the Trainer Program/2026|Train the Trainer (TTT) 2026]] program are currently open. TTT is a capacity-building initiative aimed at supporting Wikimedians in developing training, facilitation, and leadership skills. We are happy to inform you that the scholarship application deadline has been [[:m:IIITH-OKI/Train the Trainer Program/2026/Scholarship|extended until 20 May 2026]]. We are still receiving applications and encourage interested community members, especially emerging leaders, to [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/17eq6lJNCTVBoKRqz5IdSCiYWv-eHBrYRnx1wXfncwLI/viewform?edit_requested=true&pli=1 apply]. We also request your support in sharing this opportunity within your communities and networks, so that it can reach a wider and more diverse group of participants. Thank you for your continued support. '''OKI (IIIT-H)''' [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೮:೩೨, ೧೭ ಮೇ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (OKI)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_Gill/lists/Indic_VPs&oldid=30361720 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ೨೨:೪೫, ೨೭ ಮೇ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ೧೦ನೇ ವರ್ಸಂತಿಗೆದ ಬರೆವು ಪಂತೊಗು ಲೆಪ್ಪೋಲೆ! == {| style="border: 2px solid #FFCC00; background-color: #FFF9E6; padding: 10px; border-radius: 8px; font-family: sans-serif; width: 100%;" |- | '''ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ!''' 🙏 ನಮ್ಮ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಸುರು ಆದ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಪತ್ತ್ ವರ್ಷದ ಸಂಭ್ರಮೋಡುಂಡು. ಈ ಎಡ್ಡೆ ಲೇಸ್‌ದ ನೆನಪುಗಾದ್, ನಮ್ಮ ತುಳು ಬಾಸೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿನ್ ಇಂಟರ್ನೆಟ್‌ಡ್ ಜಗತ್ತ್‌ಗೇ ತೆರಿಪಾಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊರ್ಲುದ '''ಲೇಖನ ಬರೆಪುನ ಪಂತೊನು''' ದೀಡುಂಡು. ನಮ್ಮ ತುಳುನಾಡ್‌ದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ, ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ, ಆಚಾರ-ವಿಚಾರದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಜ್ಞಾನ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್‌ಲಾ ಮುಲ್ಪ ಮುಕ್ತ ಆಯಿನ ಅವಕಾಶ ಉಂಡು! === 📅 ಪಂತೊದ ದಿನೊಕ್ಕುಲು === * '''ಸುರು ಆಪುನ ದಿನ:''' ಜೂನ್ ೫, ೨೦೨೬ (00:00 UTC) * '''ಮುಗಿಯುನಾ ದಿನ:''' ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೪, ೨೦೨೬ (11:59 UTC) === 📝 ಪಂತೊದ ನಿಯಮೊಲು === # '''ವಿಷಯ:''' ನಮ್ಮ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತುಳುನಾಡ್‌ದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಇಪ್ಪೊಡು. # '''ಗಾತ್ರ:''' ಪೊಸ ಲೇಖನ ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಎಕ್ಸ್‌ಪ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಲೇಖನ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಪಂಡಲಾ '''೩೦೦ ಪದೊಕುಲು''' (ಅತ್ತಂಡ ೩,೦೦೦ ಬೈಟ್ಸ್) ಇಪ್ಪೊಡು. # '''ಗುಣಮಟ್ಟ:''' ಸ್ವಂತ ಬರೆತಿನ ಇಪ್ಪೊಡು (Copy-paste ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಮೆಷಿನ್ ಟ್ರಾನ್ಸ್‌ಲೇಟ್ ಮಲ್ದಿನ ಲೇಖನೊಲು ಬಲ್ಲಿ). ಸರಿಯಾಯಿನ ಆಧಾರ/ಲಿಂಕ್ ದೀಡೊಡು. === 🏆 ಬೊಮ್ಮನೊಲು === * ವಿಶೇಷ ಬಹುಮಾನೊಲು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಸರ್ಟಿಫಿಕೇಟ್‌ಲು ಉಂಡು! (ವಿವರೊಲು ಬೇಗನೇ ಪ್ರಕಟ ಆಪುಂಡು). ---- 📢 '''ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯರೆ ಈ ಪುಟೊಗು ಬಲೆ:''' [[tcy:ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:10ನೇ ವರ್ಸಂತಿಗೆದ ಬರವು ಪಂತೊ|ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:10ನೇ ವರ್ಸಂತಿಗೆದ ಬರವು ಪಂತೊ]] ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಅಕ್ಷರೊಲು ನಮ್ಮ ತುಳು ಬಾಸೆಗ್ ಬಲ ಕೊರಡ್. ಬಲೆ, ಮಾತೆರ್ಲಾ ಒಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯನ್ ಬಂಗಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುಗ! |} [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:MediaWiki message delivery|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೯:೪೮, ೪ ಜೂನ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:ChiK@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tulu_Wikipedia_10th_Anniversary/delivery_list&oldid=30611683 --> == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|ಪಾತೆರ]])</bdi> ೨೨:೪೧, ೨೩ ಜೂನ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) ೧೯:೦೦, ೨೫ ಜೂನ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> '''ಮೋಕೆದ ಸಮುದಾಯದ ಸದಸ್ಯೆರೆಗ್ ನಮಸ್ಕಾರ,''' ವಿಕಿಕಾನ್ಫರೆನ್ಸ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ೨೦೨೬ ಗ್ ಸ್ವಯಂ-ನಿಧಿಟ್ ನೋಂದಣಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾವೊಲೆನ ಸಂದೈತಗ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪು ಕೊರೊಂದುಲ್ಲ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಇಸಯ ನಿಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ತೆರಿಪಾಯೆರೆ ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಕುಸಿ ಆವೊಂದುಂಡು. '''ವಿಕಿಕಾನ್ಫರೆನ್ಸ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ೨೦೨೬ ಕ್ಕ್ ಕೇರಳದ ಕೊಚ್ಚಿಡ್ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೪-೬, ೨೦೨೬''' ಮುಟ್ಟ ನಡಪುಂಡು. ಈ ಸಮ್ಮೇಳನ ಭಾರತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಏಷ್ಯಾದ ವಿಕಿಮೀಡಿಯನ್ನೆರ್, ಸಮುದಾಯದ ಮುಖಂಡೆರ್, ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿಕಾರೆರ್, ಸಂಶೋಧಕೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮುಕ್ತ ಗೇನೊಗು ಉಮೇದು ಕೊರ್ಪುನ ಉತ್ಸಾಹಿಲೆನ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ಸೇರಾವುಂಡು. ಅಂಚೆನೆ ಒರಿಯಕ್ಕೊರಿಯನ್ ಗೊತ್ತು ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ, ಸಕಾಯ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅನುಭವೊಲೆನ್ ಪಟ್ಟೊನೆರೆ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯೊನೊಡು ಪನ್ಪುನ ಉದ್ದೇಸ. WCI 2026 ದ ವಿಷಯ ಪಂಡ '''"ನಾಲೆಡ್ಜ್ ಕಾಮನ್ಸ್‌ನ ಪುನರ್ಕಲ್ಪನೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು: ವಿಕಿಮೀಡಿಯಾ ಒಂಜಿ ವಿಕಸನ ಆಪಿನ ಪರಿಸರ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಡ್ ಸಮುದಾಯದ ನಾಯಕತ್ವ."''' ವಿಕಿಮೀಡಿಯಾ ಚಳುವಳಿ ಬಾರಿ ರೋಚಕ ರೀತಿಡ್ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಬದಲಾವನೆ ಆವೊಂದುಪ್ಪುನೆನ್ ನಾಡೊಡಾಪುಂಡು, ಆಯಿತೊಟ್ಟು ಎಐ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಸ ಮಾದರಿಲೆಡ್ ಗೇನ ಪುಟ್ಟುನ ಬಗೆಟ್, ಸಮ್ಮೇಳನ ಸಮುದಾಯ ನಾಯಕತ್ವ, ಗೇನ ಪಟ್ಟೊನುನ ಬಗೆ, ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಭಾಷೆಲು, ಮುಕ್ತ ಜ್ಞಾನ, ಅಂಚೆನೆ ಭಾರತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಏಷ್ಯಾಡ್ ವಿಕಿಮೀಡಿಯಾದ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಸಂಭಾಷಣೆಲೆಗ್ ಜಾಗ ಸೃಷ್ಟಿ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಗುರಿನ್ ದೀತ್ಂಡ್. '''ಸ್ವಯಂ-ನಿಧಿ ನೋಂದಣಿ''' '''ಸ್ವಯಂ-ನಿಧಿಟ್ ನೋಂದಣಿ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಅರ್ಜಿ ಇತ್ತೆ ಪ್ರೆಟಿಕ್ಸ್(Pretix) ಡ್ ಲೈವ್ ಆತ್ಂಡ್.''' '''ನೋಂದಣಿ ಅರ್ಜಿ:''' [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia-events/WCI2026/<nowiki>]</nowiki> '''ವಿವರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅರ್ಹತೆ:'''  [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConference_India_2026/Registration<nowiki>]</nowiki> '''ನಿಕ್ಲೆಲೆನ ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾವೊಲೆನ ಸಂದೈತಗ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪೊಲೆ''' '''ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾವೊಲೆನ ಸಂದೈತಗ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪು ಇತ್ತೆ ಲೇಸ್‌ದ ಪುಟೊಟು ಲೈವ್ ಆತ್ಂಡ್.''' ಕಾರ್ಯಾಗಾರೊಲು, ಚರ್ಚೆಲು, ಪ್ಯಾನೆಲ್, ಒರಿಯಕ್ಕೊರಿ ವಿಷಯ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ, ಎಲ್ಯ ಮಟ್ಟ್‌ದ ಪಾತೆರಕತೆ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೋಸ್ಟರ್ ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತಿಲೆಗ್, ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾವೊಲೆನೆಗ್ ಅವಕಾಸ ಉಂಡು. ಈರ್ ಒರಿ ಅನುಭವಿ ಸಂಪಾದಕೆರ್ ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಒರಿ ಪೊಸ ಸಮುದಾಯದ ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ ಆಂಡಲಾ, ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಆಲೋಚನೆಲು, ಅನುಭವೊಲೆನ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಇರೆನ ಕಲ್ಪಾಟಿಲು ಸಮ್ಮೇಳನದ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊನು ರೂಪಿಸಾಯೆರೆ ಸಕಾಯ ಆಪುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚಳುವಳಿಡ್ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಸಂಭಾಷಣೆಲೆಗ್ ಕೊಡುಗೆ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು. '''ವಿವರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಾರ್ಗಸೂಚಿಲು:''' [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConference_India_2026/Programme/Submissions<nowiki>]</nowiki> '''ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾವೊಲೆನ ಸಂದೈತಗ್ ಗಡುವು:''' [ಜುಲೈ ೮, ೨೦೨೬] ವಿಕಿಕಾನ್ಫರೆನ್ಸ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ೨೦೨೬ ದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಮಾಹಿತಿಗ್, ಪಾಲ್ ದೆತೊನುನೆತ್ತ ವಿವರೊಲು, ಸಮಯಾವಕಾಶ, ಸಮ್ಮೇಳನದ ಪೊಸ ಮಾಹಿತಿಲು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿಷಯ ಸಲ್ಲಿಕೆ ಮಾರ್ಗಸೂಚಿಲು ಸೇರ್ದ್, ದಯಮಲ್ತ್ ಅಧಿಕೃತ ಪ್ರಕಟನೆನ್ ತೂಲೆ: '''ವಿವರವಾದ್ ಪ್ರಕಟನೆ:''' [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/26/shape-the-future-call-for-submissions-open-for-wikiconference-india-2026/<nowiki>]</nowiki> ಸಮುದಾಯದ ಸದಸ್ಯೆರೆನ್ ನೋಂದಾಯಿಸೆರೆ, ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾವೊಲೆನ್ ಸಂದೈತಗ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆನ್ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ನೆಟ್‌ವರ್ಕ್‌ಡ್ ಪಾಡೆರೆ ಮಾತೆರೆಗ್‌ಲಾ ಉಮೇದು ಕೊರ್ಲೆ. ಎಡ್ಡೆಪ್ಪುಲು, ವಿಕಿಕಾನ್ಫರೆನ್ಸ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ 2026 ಆಯೋಜನಾ ತಂಡ. ಟೆಲಿಗ್ರಾಮ್ '''ದಯಮಲ್ತ್ ಈ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆನ್ ನಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯದ ಸದಸ್ಯೆರೆಗ್ ತೆರಿಪಾಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜಾಲತಾಣೊಲೆಗ್ ಪಾಡುಲೆ.''' [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConference_India_2026 [2] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConference_India_2026/Registration [3] https://pretix.eu/wikimedia-events/WCI2026/ [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConference_India_2026/Programme/Submissions [5] https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/06/26/shape-the-future-call-for-submissions-open-for-wikiconference-india-2026/ [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Amrit Sufi|Amrit Sufi]] ([[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ ಪಾತೆರ:Amrit Sufi|ಪಾತೆರ್ಲೆ]]) ೧೬:೦೪, ೩೦ ಜೂನ್ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) == Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}} You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]]) ೧೭:೫೫, ೨೪ ಜುಲಾಯಿ ೨೦೨೬ (IST) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> 0y4jnb4c5dilaz1iq88zgy6gat4o71n 10 25513 366698 355839 2026-04-27T03:32:13Z en>Pppery 0 Changed protection settings for "[[Template:Script/styles.css]]": Slightly below standard 5000 threshold but I'd rather keep this consistent with its parent ([Edit=Require template editor access] (indefinite) [Move=Require template editor access] (indefinite)) 355838 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp|small=yes}} */ .script-Cprt { font-size: 1.25em; 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} .script-it-Latf { font-size: 1.25em; font-family: 'Rotunda Pommerania', Rotunda, 'Typographer Rotunda'; } .script-Lina { font-size: 1.25em; font-family: 'Noto Sans Linear A'; } .script-Linb { font-size: 1.25em; font-family: 'Noto Sans Linear B'; } .script-Ugar { font-size: 1.25em; font-family: 'Segoe UI Historic', 'Noto Sans Ugaritic', Aegean; } .script-Xpeo { font-size: 1.25em; font-family: 'Segoe UI Historic', 'Noto Sans Old Persian', Artaxerxes, Xerxes, Aegean; /* Use Xerxes for Old Persian */ } to9aa9qaeuqkgtop1b6xcl1wzboo9fw 0 25934 366801 357363 2026-08-24T00:41:11Z InternetArchiveBot 4316 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 366801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Payal Rajput | image = Payal Rajput.jpeg | image_size = | caption = Rajput in 2019 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1992|12|5}} | birth_place = [[Delhi]], India | occupation = Actress | years_active = 2010–present }} '''ಪಾಯಲ್ ರಾಜ್ಪುತ್''' (ಪುಟ್ಟು ೫ ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ ೧೯೯೨) ಒರ್ತಿ ಭಾರತದ ಆಕ್ಟರ್, ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ತೆಲುಗು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಂಜಾಬಿ ಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆಡ್ ಬೇಲೆ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಪಂಜಾಬಿ ಚಿತ್ರ ''ಚನ್ನ ಮೆರೆಯಾ'' (೨೦೧೭) ಡ್ದ್ ಆರ್ ಚಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದೆಕ್ ಆರ್ ಬಾರೀ ಪುಗರ್ತೆದ ನಟಿ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಫಿಲ್ಮ್ಫೇರ್ ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಪಂಜಾಬಿನ್ ಗೆಂದಿಯೆರ್. ರಾಜಪುತ್ ನನ ''ವೀರೆ ಕಿ ವೆಡ್ಡಿಂಗ್'' (೨೦೧೮) ಚಿತ್ರೊಡು ಹಿಂದಿ ಚಿತ್ರೊಗು ಪಾದಾರ್ಪಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/news-ians/ain-t-a-dual-personality-says-payal-rajput-113092900429_1.html|title=Ain't a dual personality, says Payal Rajput|date=29 September 2013|work=Business Standard India|via=Business Standard}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/marriage-palace-trailer-catch-the-twisted-tale-of-a-simple-marriage-starring-sharry-mann-and-payal-rajput/articleshow/66456303.cms|title='Marriage Palace' trailer: Catch the twisted tale of a simple marriage starring Sharry Mann and Payal Rajput|date=November 2018|work=The Times of India}}</ref> ರಾಜ್ಪುತ್ ತನ್ನ ಅಭಿನಯ ಜೀವನೊನು ಹಿಂದಿ ಟೆಲಿವಿಷನ್ ಸರಣಿ ''ಸಪ್ನನ್ ಸೆ ಭಾರೆ ನೈನಾ'' (೨೦೧೦) ಡ್ದ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಅಪಗ ''ಅಖಿರ್ ಬಹು ಭೀ ತೋ ಬೇಟಿ ಹೀ ಹೈ'' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ''ಮಹಾ ಕುಂಭ: ಎಕ್ ರಹಸಾಯ, ಎಕ್ ಕಹಾನಿ'' ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಶೋಲೆಡ್ ತೋಜಿದ್ ಬತ್ತೆರ್. ''ಆರ್ ಆರ್ ಎಕ್ಸ್ ೧೦೦'' (೨೦೧೮) ಡ್ ತೆಲುಗು ಚಿತ್ರೊಗು ಕಾರ್ ದೀಯೆರ್, ಉಂದೆಕ್ ಆರ್ ಬಾರೀ ಪುಗರ್ತೆದ ಪೊಣ್ಣು ಪಾದಾರ್ಪಣೆಗ್ SIIMA ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿನ್ ಗೆಂದಿಯೆರ್ – ತೆಲುಗು . ಅರೆನ ಬೇತೆ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹ ಚಿತ್ರೊಲು, ''ವೆಂಕಿ ಮಾಮಾ'' (೨೦೧೯), ''ಶಾವ ನಿ ಗಿರ್ಧರಿ ಲಾಲ್'' (೨೦೨೧), ''ಹೆಡ್ ಬುಷ್'' (೨೦೨೨) ಬೊಕ್ಕ ''ಮಂಗಳವಾರಂ'' (೨೦೨೩). == ಸುರುತ ಜೀವನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೃತ್ತಿಜೀವನ == ರಾಜಪುತ್ ೫ ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ ೧೯೯೦ಡ್ ಭಾರತದ [[ದೆಹಲಿ|ದೆಹಲಿಡ್]] ಪುಟ್ಟುವೆರ್. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:Citation needed|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2024)">ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಬೋಡು</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> ರಾಜ್ಪುತ್ ''ಸಪ್ನನ್ ಸೆ ಭರೇ ನೈನಾ'' ಸಿನಿಮಾಡ್ ಸೋನಾಕ್ಷಿ ಪಾತ್ರೊಡು ತನ್ನ ಟೀವಿದ ವೃತ್ತಿಜೀವನೊನು ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref name="PRGD">{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Payal-Rajput-Garima-Shrivastav-in-Gustakh-Dil/articleshow/21004889.cms|title=Payal Rajput & Garima Shrivastav in Gustakh Dil|date=10 July 2013|work=The Times of India}}</ref> ''ಆಖಿರ್ ಬಹು ಭೀ ತೋ ಬೇಟಿ ಹೀ ಹೈ'' ಡ್ ಸಿಯಾನ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಾತ್ರೊನ್ ವಹಿಸಯೆರ್, ''ಗುಸ್ತಖ್ ದಿಲ್'' ಡ್ ಇಶಾನಿ ಆದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ''ಮಹಾ ಕುಂಭೊಡು ಎಕ್ ರಹಸಾಯ, ಏಕ್ ಕಹಾನಿ'' ಮಾಯ ಆದ್ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/entertainment/tv/|title=Indian TV shows, TV Stars, News and Gossip &#124; MSN India|website=www.msn.com}}</ref> . ಪಾಯಲ್ ರಾಜ್ಪುತ್ ೨೦೧೭ ಡ್ ನಿಂಜಾನ ಒಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಚಿನ್ನಾ ಮರೆಯ ಚಿತ್ರೊಡು ಮುಖ್ಯ ‌ಪೊಣ್ಣು ನಾಯಕಿ ಕೈನಾತ್ ಧಿಲ್ಲೋನ್ ಪಾತ್ರೊನುನಿರ್ವಹಿಸಾವುನ ಮೂಲಕ ಪಂಜಾಬಿ ಚಲನಚಿತ್ರೋದ್ಯಮಗ್ ಕಾರ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಈ ಪಿಕ್ಚರ್ ಮರಾಠಿ ಪಿಕ್ಚರ್ ಸೈರಾತ್ ದ ರಿಮೇಕ್ ಆದುಂಡು.೧೪ ಜುಲೈ ೨೦೧೭ ತಾನಾಗಿ ಹುಡುಗಿಗೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಆರ್ ೨೦೧೮ ತ್ ಪಿಕ್ಚರ್ ಆರ್ ಎಕ್ಸ್ ೧೦೦ದ ಒಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ತೆಲುಗು ಚಾಲನೆ ಚಿತ್ರ ರಂಗೊಗು ಕಾರ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಐರ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಐನ್ ವರ್ಷ ಕರೀದ್ ಮಂಗಳಾವರಂಡ್ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆ ಅಜಯ್ ಭೂಪತಿ ಅರೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಪಿರ ಒಂಜೆ ಆಯೆರ್. == ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆ == === ಸಿನಿಮಾಲು === {| class="wikitable" |+ಕೀ | style="background:#ffc;" | † | ಇತ್ತೆ ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ ಆವಂದಿನ ಸಿನಿಮಾಲೆನ್ ಸೂಚಿಸವುಂಡು |} === ಟೆಲಿವಿಷನ್ === {| class="wikitable sortable" ! scope="col" |ವರ್ಷ ! scope="col" | ಪುದರ್ ! scope="col" | ಪಾತ್ರ ! ನೆಟ್ವರ್ಕ್ ! scope="col" | ಭಾಷೆ ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿಲು ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | |- | ೨೦೧೦ – ೨೦೧೨ | ''ಸಪ್ನೊಂದು ಸೆ ಭರೇ ನೈನ'' | ಸೋನಾಕ್ಷಿ | ಸ್ಟಾರ್ ಪ್ಲಸ್ | rowspan="9" | ಹಿಂದಿ | | |- | ೨೦೧೩ – ೨೦೧೪ | ''ಗುಸ್ತಾಖ್ ದಿಲ್'' | ಇಶಾನಿ | ಜೀವನ ಸರಿ | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Payal-Rajput-Garima-Shrivastav-in-Gustakh-Dil/articleshow/21004889.cms|title=Payal Rajput & Garima Shrivastav in Gustakh Dil|website=Times of India|date=2013-07-10|accessdate=2019-11-19}}</ref> |- | ೨೦೧೩ – ೨೦೧೪ | ''ಆಖಿರ್ ಬಹು ಭೀ ತೋ ಬೇಟಿ ಹೀ ಹೈ'' | ಸಿಯಾ | ಸಹಾರಾ ಒಂಜಿ | | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Aakhir-Bahu-Bhi-Toh-Beti-Hee-HaiPayal-Rajput/articleshow/23203619.cms|title='Aakhir Bahu Bhi...' to showcase a different 'bahu'|website=Times of India|date=2013-09-28|accessdate=2019-11-19}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indoamerican-news.com/mini-to-fake-a-one-night-stand-with-samar-in-aakhir-bahu-bhi-toh-beti-hee-hai/|title=Mini to fake a one night stand with Samar in Aakhir Bahu Bhi Toh Beti Hee Hai|website=Indoamerican-News.com|date=2014-01-21|accessdate=2019-11-19}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | ೨೦೧೩ – ೨೦೧೬ | rowspan="2" | ''ಯೆ ಹೈ ಆಶಿಕಿ'' | ಜಯಶ್ರೀ | rowspan="2" | ಬಿಂಡಾಸ್ | ಸೀಸನ್ ೧ | rowspan="2" | <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Payal-Rajput-portrays-a-suicide-bomber-in-Bindasss-Yeh-Hai-Aashiqui/articleshow/35297315.cms|title=Payal Rajput portrays a suicide bomber in Yeh Hai Aashiqui|date=2014-12-04|work=Times of India|access-date=2019-11-19}}</ref> |- | ಫಿಜಾ | |- | ೨೦೧೪ – ೨೦೧೫ | ''ಮಹಾ ಕುಂಭ: ಏಕ ರಹಸಾಯ, ಏಕ ಕಹನಿ'' | ಮಾಯ | ಜೀವನ ಸರಿ | | <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tv/news/hindi/Payal-Rajput-rapped-for-uploading-shows-pictures-online/articleshow/46383484.cms|title=Payal Rajput rapped for uploading show's pictures online|date=2015-02-27|work=Times of India|access-date=2019-11-19}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.asianage.com/tv/mahakumbh-real-start-payal-rajput-603|title=Mahakumbh is the real start: Payal Rajput|date=2015-02-19|work=The Asian Age|access-date=2019-11-19|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150223161200/http://www.asianage.com/tv/mahakumbh-real-start-payal-rajput-603|archive-date=23 February 2015}}</ref> |- | ೨೦೧೪ – ೨೦೧೭ | ''ಪ್ಯಾರ್ ತುನೆ ಕ್ಯಾ ಕಿಯಾ'' |<nowiki> ರೇವ ರೈಚಂದ್ |</nowiki> | ಜಿಂಗ್ | | <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Cinema/2016-04-30/Payal-Rajput-in-yet-another-episodic-show/225141|title=Payal Rajput in yet another episodic show|date=2016-04-30|work=The Hans India|access-date=2019-11-19}}</ref> |- | ೨೦೧೬ | ''ದಾರ್ರ್ ಸಬ್ಕೊ ಲಗ್ತ ಹೈ'' | ಪಾಯಲ್ | &amp;amp;ಟಿವಿ | ಎಪಿಸೋಡ್ ೨೧ | |- | rowspan="2" | ೨೦೧೮ | ''ಕೌನ್ ಹೈ?'' | ಅನಾಮಿಕಾ | ಬಣ್ಣೊಲೆನ ಟಿವಿ | ಕಂತು ೭ | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voot.com/shows/kaun-hai-/1/612655/anamika/615736|title=Anamika|publisher=Voot|date=14 July 2018|accessdate=14 July 2018}}</ref> |- | ''ರಾಣಾ ಸಮೇತ ನಂ 1 ಯಾರಿ'' | rowspan="3" | ಬಿನ್ನೆರ್ | ಜೆಮಿನಿ ಟಿವಿ | rowspan="4" | ತೆಲುಗು | ಸೀಸನ್ ೨, ಎಪಿಸೋಡ್ ೩ | |- | ೨೦೧೯ | ''ಕೊಂಚೆಂ ಟಚ್ ಲೋ ಉಂತೆ ಚೆಪ್ತ'' | ಝೀ ತೆಲುಗು | ಸೀಸನ್ 4, ಎಪಿಸೋಡ್ 7 | |- | ೨೦೨೦ | <nowiki><i id="mwAhM">ಬಿಗ್ ಬಾಸ್ 4</i></nowiki> | ಸ್ಟಾರ್ ಮಾ | ಕಂತು ೫೦ | <ref>{{Cite web|last=Vyas|date=2020-10-25|title=Bigg Boss 4 Telugu: List of special guests for Dusshera special episode|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/cinema/tollywood/bigg-boss-telugu-list-of-special-guests-for-dusshera-special-episode-652986|accessdate=2020-10-25|website=www.thehansindia.com|language=en}}</ref> |- | ೨೦೨೧ | ''3 ಗುಲಾಬಿಲು'' | ಝಣವಿ | ಅಹಾ | ವೆಬ್ ಸರಣಿ, ಸೀಸನ್ ೧ | <ref>{{Cite web|last=Desam|first=A. B. P.|date=2021-10-21|title=రియల్‌‌లైఫ్‌‌లో బాయ్‌‌ఫ్రెండ్‌‌తో రీల్ లైఫ్ కోసం రొమాన్స్|url=https://telugu.abplive.com/entertainment/payal-rajput-paired-opposite-real-life-boyfriend-in-3-roses-web-series-7979|accessdate=2022-02-08|website=telugu.abplive.com|language=te}}</ref> |} === ಸಂಗೀತ ವೀಡಿಯೊಲು === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" ! scope="col" |ವರ್ಷ ! scope="col" | ಪುದರ್ ! scope="col" | ಪದ್ಯ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ! scope="col" | ರೆಫ್. |- | rowspan="5" scope="row" | ೨೦೨೨ | "ಬಾದಲ್ ಬರ್ಸೆ" | ಯಾಸೆರ್ ದೇಸಾಯಿ | <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.saavn.com/p/album/hindi/baadal-barse-2022/7Y0b-GIB6uE_|title=Listen to Baadal Barse by Yasser Desai featuring Paras Kalnawat and Swati Rajput on Jio Saavn|accessdate=2022-08-13|website=Jio Saavn|date=23 May 2022}}</ref> |} == ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಾಮನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊಲು == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Award !Category !Work !Result !  |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |2nd Filmfare Awards Punjabi |Best Debut Actress | rowspan="2" |''Channa Mereya'' | {{won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/punjabi/movies/news/2nd-jio-filmfare-awards-punjabi-2018-complete-winners-list/articleshow/63436483.cms|title=2nd Jio Filmfare Awards Punjabi 2018: Complete winners' list|website=Times of India|date=2018-03-24|accessdate=2019-11-19}}</ref> |- |PTC Punjabi Film Awards |Best Debut Actress | {{nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ptcnews.tv/ptc-punjabi-film-awards-2018-official-list-nominations/|title=PTC Punjabi Film Awards 2018- Official list of nominations|website=PTC News|date=2018-03-30|accessdate=2019-11-19|archivedate=2019-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214020234/https://www.ptcnews.tv/ptc-punjabi-film-awards-2018-official-list-nominations/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |8th South Indian International Movie Awards |Best Female Debut – Telugu | rowspan="2" |<nowiki><i id="mwAmk">RX 100</i></nowiki> | {{won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/movies/regional-cinema/story/siima-2019-vijay-deverakonda-and-keerthy-suresh-win-big-see-pics-1581463-2019-08-16|title=SIIMA 2019: Vijay Deverakonda and Keerthy Suresh win big. See pics|website=India Today|date=2019-08-16|accessdate=2019-11-19}}</ref> |- |2nd City Cine Awards Telugu |Best Female Debut | {{won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mid-day.com/lifestyle/culture/article/Ram-Charan-Keerthy-Suresh-Sukumar-crowned-as-winners-of-City-Cine-Awards-Telugu-Season-2-20500160|title=Here are the winners of City Cine Awards Telugu Season 2|website=Mid Day|date=2019-03-10|accessdate=2019-12-19}}</ref> |- |2021 |20th Santosham Film Awards |Most Promising Actress | {{N/A}} | {{won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|last=Naresh|website=Suman TV|url=https://sumantv.com/movies/santhosham-suman-tv-awards-2021-super-response-to-suman-tv-south-indian-film-awards-promotions/47291/|accessdate=2021-11-14|language=te|archivedate=14 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211114070218/https://sumantv.com/movies/santhosham-suman-tv-awards-2021-super-response-to-suman-tv-south-indian-film-awards-promotions/47291/}}</ref> |- |2024 |12th South Indian International Movie Awards |Best Actress – Telugu |''Mangalavaaram'' |{{nom}} | |} == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಸ್ತ್ರೀವಾದೊ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಜಾನಪದೊ 2026]] d2gkvyq4h5vp7npp0y1fup60bkh3f8e 0 27235 366729 362075 2026-08-23T14:10:26Z ChiK 1136 removed dead link 366729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox holiday | holiday_name = ವಿಸ್ವ ಬ್ರಾಣೆರ ದಿನೊ | nickname = ವಿಸ್ವ ಬ್ರಾಣೆರ ದಿನೊ | observedby = ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣ ಸಮುದಾಯೊ | date = ಜೂನ್ 1 | frequency = ಪ್ರತಿ ವರ್ಸೊ | significance = [[ಚಾಣಕ್ಯ|ಆಚಾರ್ಯ ಚಾಣಕ್ಯ]]ರೆನ ಪುಟ್ಟುದಿನತ ನೆನಪು | establishment = 2021 }} '''ವಿಸ್ವ ಬ್ರಾಣೆರ ದಿನೊ''' (Viswa Brahmin Diwas) ಅತ್ತಂಡ 'ವಿಶ್ವ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣ ದಿವಸ' ಪನ್ಪಿನವು [[ಹಿಂದೂ ಧರ್ಮ|ಹಿಂದೂ]] ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯದ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣ ಸಮುದಾಯೊದ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಕುಲೆನ ಕೊಡುಗೆಲೆನ್ ನೆನಪು ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದಿನ ಆದುಂಡು. ನೆನ್ ಪ್ರತಿ ವರ್ಷ ಜೂನ್ 1 ತಾರೀಖ್‌ದಾನಿ ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಈ ದಿನನ್ ಭಾರತದ ಮಲ್ಲ ತತ್ವಜ್ಞಾನಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಾಜತಾಂತ್ರಿಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಆಚಾರ್ಯ ಚಾಣಕ್ಯರೆನ ಸಾಂಕೇತಿಕ ಪುಟ್ಟುದಿನತ ಅಂಗವಾದ್ ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite news |title=1 जून को मनाया जाएगा विश्व ब्राह्मण दिवस |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/jharkhand/dhanbad/story-brahmin-day-will-be-celebrated-on-june-1-4077853.html |work=हिंदुस्तान}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=अनाथ हुए बच्चों की शिक्षा का खर्चा उठाएगी ब्राह्मण महासभा |url=https://www.amarujala.com/uttar-pradesh/etawah/education-etawha-news-knp6315125193 |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}</ref> == ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆ == 2021 ನೇ ಇಸವಿಡ್, ಲೋಕೊಡುಪ್ಪುನ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣ ಸಂಘಟನೆಲು ಆಚಾರ್ಯ ಚಾಣಕ್ಯರೆನ ಜನ್ಮದಿನೊನ್ "ವಿಶ್ವ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣ ದಿನ" ಅತ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ತೀರ್ಮಾನ ಮಲ್ತದ ಇತ್ತೊ. ಆಚಾರ್ಯ ಚಾಣಕ್ಯರೆನ ನಿಜವಾಯಿನ ಪುಟ್ಟುದಿನತ ತಾರೀಖ್ ತಿಕ್ಕಂದಿನ ಕಾರಣ, ಜೂನ್ 1 ತಾರೀಖ್‌ನ್ ಅರೆನ ಸಾಂಕೇತಿಕ ಪುಟ್ಟುದಿನ (ಚಾಣಕ್ಯ ಜನ್ಮೋತ್ಸವ) ಪಂದ್ ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಈ ಆಚರಣೆನ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಆಚಾರ್ಯ ಚಾಣಕ್ಯರೆನ್ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣ ಸಮುದಾಯದ ಮಲ್ಲ ಆದರ್ಶ ಪುರುಷ ಪಂದ್ ಮಾನ್ಯತೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದೆರ್. ಆರ್ ಒರಿ ಬಿರ್ಸೆ ಆಯಿನ ರಾಜಕಾರಣಿ, ರಾಜತಾಂತ್ರಿಕೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭಾರತದ ಮಲ್ಲ ಗ್ರಂಥವಾಯಿನ '[[ಅರ್ಥಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ (ಗ್ರಂಥ)|ಅರ್ಥಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]]'ದ ಕರ್ತೃ ಆದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಅರೆನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಜ್ಞಾನದ ಕಾರಣಗಾದ್ ಅರೆನ್ 'ಕೌಟಿಲ್ಯ' ಪಂದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 'ವಿಷ್ಣುಗುಪ್ತ' ಪಂದ್ ಕೂಡ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite news |title=देश भर के ब्राह्मणों की होगी वर्चुअल सभा:विश्व ब्राह्मण दिवस आज- वर्चुअल सभा से पूर्व मंगलवार को संगठन का किया गया विस्तार |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/bihar/gaya/news/world-brahmin-day-today-the-organization-was-expanded-on-tuesday-before-the-virtual-meeting-129876953.html |work=Dainik Bhaskar}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=एक को मनाया जाएगा ब्राह्मण दिवस - 1st june will be celebrated as Brahman Day - Punjab Firozpur General News |url=https://www.jagran.com/punjab/firozpur-1st-june-will-be-celebrated-as-brahman-day-21689660.html |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=जालंधर में अंतरराष्ट्रीय मानवाधिकार संगठन ने विश्व ब्राह्मण दिवस मनाया - International Human Rights Organization celebrates World Brahmin Day in Jalandhar |url=https://www.jagran.com/punjab/jalandhar-city-international-human-rights-organization-celebrates-world-brahmin-day-in-jalandhar-21697648.html |access-date=2024-06-01 |website=Jagran |language=hi}}</ref> == ಆಚರಣೆಲು == ಈ ದಿನತಾನಿ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣ ಸಮುದಾಯದಕುಲು ಅಕುಲೆನ ಹಿರಿಯಕುಲೆನ್ (ಪೂರ್ವಜರೆನ್) ನೆನಪು ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸನಾತನ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿದ ಮಹತ್ವನ್ ಒರಿಪಾವುನ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಣ ಸಂಘಟನೆಲು ಆಚಾರ್ಯ ಚಾಣಕ್ಯರೆನ ನೀತಿಲು, [[ಭಾರತ]] ದೇಶನ್ ಒಂಜೇ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ವಿಚಾರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಾನವ ಕಲ್ಯಾಣದ ಬಗೆಟ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಲೇಸ್ (ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ) ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚೆಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |title=विश्व ब्राह्मण दिवस:विश्व ब्राह्मण दिवस पर होगा 1100 हनुमान चालीसा पाठ |url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/dholpur/news/1100-hanuman-chalisa-will-be-recited-on-world-brahmin-day-131323199.html |work=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]}}</ref> * '''ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮಲು:''' ಇಲ್ಲಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮುದಾಯದ ಸಾಲೆಡ್ ಪರಶುರಾಮ ಚಾಲೀಸಾ, ಹನುಮಾನ್ ಚಾಲೀಸಾ ಪಠಣ, ಹವನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯಜ್ಞಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite news |title=World Brahmin Day and birth anniversary of Acharya Chanakya celebrated |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/bulandsehar/story-world-brahmin-day-and-birth-anniversary-of-acharya-chanakya-celebrated-10135951.html |work=Hindustan ( Hindi )}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ब्राह्मण दिवस के रूप में मनाई गई चाणक्य जयंती |url=https://www.livehindustan.com/bihar/araria/story-chanakya-jayanti-celebrated-as-brahmin-day-10137573.html |access-date=2024-06-03 |website=Hindustan |language=hi}}</ref> * '''ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಕೆಲಸಲು:''' ಸಮಾಜದ ಮಲ್ಲ ಜನಕುಲೆಗ್ 'ಚಾಣಕ್ಯ ನೀತಿ' ಬೂಕುಲೆನ್ ಉಡುಗೊರೆಯಾದ್ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. ಕೆಲವೆಡೆ ನೆತ್ತರ ದಾನ (ರಕ್ತದಾನ) ಶಿಬಿರ ಕೂಡ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web |title=विश्व ब्राह्मण दिवस पर रक्तदान |url=https://dailychhattisgarh.com/chhattisgarh-article-details.php?article=220798 |access-date=2024-06-03 |website=विश्व ब्राह्मण दिवस पर रक्तदान}}</ref> * '''ಬೂಡು/ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನೊಡು:''' ಕೆಲವು ಮಲ್ಲ ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನೊಡು ಮಹಾಭಂಡಾರ (ಅನ್ನದಾನ) ಏರ್ಪಾಡು ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಮಾತಾ ಜಾತಿದ ಜನಕುಲು ಭಾಗವಹಿಸಬೆರ್. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖಲು == {{reflist}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಹಿಂದೂ ಧರ್ಮ]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಪರ್ಬೊಲು]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ತುಳು ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ 10ನೇ ವರ್ಸಾಂತ್ಯೊ]] k99jk3i3z69hprzffvxjv5z9mb9gwya 0 27317 366852 361889 2026-08-24T08:05:23Z ChiK 1136 366852 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ಕದ್ರಿ ಪಾರ್ಕ್ | native_name = | native_name_lang = tcy | image_skyline = Kadripark043.jpg | image_caption = ಕದ್ರಿ ಪಾರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಒಂಜಿ ನೋಟ | settlement_type = ಉದ್ಯಾನವನ | subdivision_type = ದೇಶ | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = ರಾಜ್ಯ | subdivision_name1 = [[ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ]] | subdivision_type2 = ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ | subdivision_name2 = [[ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ|ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಕನ್ನಡ]] | subdivision_type3 = ನಗರ | subdivision_name3 = [[ಕುಡ್ಲ]] | governing_body = ಮಂಗಳೂರು ಮಹಾನಗರ ಪಾಲಿಕೆ | pushpin_map = India Karnataka | pushpin_map_caption = ಕುಡ್ಲಡ್ ಕದ್ರಿ ಪಾರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಜಾಗೆ | timezone1 = IST | utc_offset1 = +5:30 }} '''ಕದ್ರಿ ಪಾರ್ಕ್''' [[ಕುಡ್ಲ|ಕುಡ್ಲದ]] ಕದ್ರಿ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ಉದ್ಯಾನವನ. ಉಂದು ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಮಲ್ಲ ಉದ್ಯಾನವನಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆದುಂಡು. ಮಂಗಳೂರು ಮಹಾನಗರ ಪಾಲಿಕೆದ ಅಧೀನದ ಈ ಉದ್ಯಾನವನ ವಿಶಾಲ ಹಸಿರು ವಾತಾವರಣ, ಜೋಕುಲೆನ ಗೊಬ್ಬುನ ಪ್ರದೇಶ, ನಡಪಕನ ಪಥ, ಸಂಗೀತ ಕಾರಂಜಿ, ಜೋಕುಲೆನ ರೈಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಮನೋರಂಜನಾ ಸೌಲಭ್ಯೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧಿ ಆತುಂಡು. == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಕದ್ರಿ ಪಾರ್ಕ್ ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ವಿಶ್ರಾಂತಿ ಕೇಂದ್ರಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. ವರ್ಷೊರ್ದಲಾ ಇತ್ತೆ ಕುಟುಂಬ, ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರವಾಸಿಗಲು ಭೆಟ್ಟಿಕೊರ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ ಆಯಿನೆ. 2018ಡ್ ಸಂಗೀತ ಕಾರಂಜಿ, ಲೇಸರ್ ಶೋ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜೋಕುಲೆನ ರೈಲ್ ಸೌಲಭ್ಯಲೆನ್ ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕರ ಉಪಯೋಗೊರ್ದು ಉದ್ಘಾಟನೆ ಆತುಂಡು.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=489734|title=Mangaluru: Siddaramaiah inaugurates musical fountain, laser show, toy train at Kadri Park|publisher=Daijiworld|date=7 January 2018}}</ref> == ವೈಶಿಷ್ಟ್ಯಲು == * ಸಂಗೀತ ಕಾರಂಜಿ * ಲೇಸರ್ ಬೊಲ್ಪು ಪ್ರದರ್ಶನ * ಜೋಕುಲೆನ ರೈಲ್ (ಬಾಲಮಂಗಳ ಎಕ್ಸ್‌ಪ್ರೆಸ್) * ಜೋಕುಲೆನ ಗೊಬ್ಬುನ ಜಾಗ * ನದಪುನಾ ಸಾದಿ * [[ಪಚ್ಚೆ]] ತೋಟೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಸಸ್ಯೊಲು * ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ವಿಶ್ರಾಂತಿ ಪ್ರದೇಶ == ಕರಾವಳಿ ಉತ್ಸವ == ಕುಡ್ಲಡ್ ನಡಪುನ '''ಕರಾವಳಿ ಉತ್ಸವ'''ದ ಕೆಲ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮಲು ಕದ್ರಿ ಪಾರ್ಕ್‌ಡ್ ಆಯೋಜನೆ ಮನ್ಪುವೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Mangalore/karavali-utsav-to-project-heritage-and-culture-of-city-this-time/article25721511.ece|title=Karavali Utsav to project heritage and culture of city this time|publisher=The Hindu|date=12 December 2018}}</ref> ಈ ಉತ್ಸವದ ಮೂಲಕ ಕರಾವಳಿ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪರಂಪರೆ, ಕಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜಾನಪದ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರದರ್ಶನೆ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. == ಜಾಗೆ == ಕದ್ರಿ ಪಾರ್ಕ್ ಕುಡ್ಲ ನಗರೊದ ಮಧ್ಯ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಕದ್ರಿ, ಕೆಪಿಟಿ ಜಂಕ್ಷನ್, ಸರ್ಕ್ಯೂಟ್ ಹೌಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಟೇಟ್ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶದೊಟ್ಟು ಎಡ್ಡೆ ರಸ್ತೆ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಹೊಂದುದುಂಡು. ನಗರ ಬಸ್ ಸೇವೆದ ಮೂಲಕ ಸುಲಬೊಡ್ ಎತ್ತರಾ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಉಂಡು. == ಪ್ರವಾಸೋದ್ಯಮ == ಕದ್ರಿ ಪಾರ್ಕ್ ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಮುಕ್ಯೊ ಪ್ರವಾಸೋದ್ಯಮ ಆಕರ್ಷಣೆಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. ಬಣ್ಣಬಣ್ಣದ ಪೂವು ತೋಟಲು, ಜೋಕುಲೆನ ಮನೋರಂಜನಾ ಸೌಲಭ್ಯಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಶಾಂತ ವಾತಾವರಣದ ಕಾರಣೊಡು ಸ್ಥಳೀಯೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರವಾಸಿಗೆರ್ ಭೆಟ್ಟಿಕೊರ್ಪುನ ನೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಜಾಗೆ ಆದುಂಡು. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಜಾಗೆಲು]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಮಂಗಳೂರು]] mb4ta69v0wy2zesrhewrctlhhbzuhzv 0 27764 366632 364494 2026-08-23T13:23:44Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writing system | name = ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ | altname = | sample = {{Photomontage|position=center | photo1a = Brahmi Varnamala.png{{!}}class=skin-invert-image | photo2a = Brahmi pillar inscription in Sarnath.jpg | size = 250 | spacing = 2 | color = 0 | border = 0 | foot_montage =}} | caption = {{ubl | (above) Ashokan Brahmi script chart in modern typeface | (below) Brahmi script on an [[Pillars of Ashoka|Ashoka Pillar]] in [[Sarnath]] ({{circa|250 BCE}}) }} | type = [[Abugida]] | languages = [[Sanskrit]], [[Pali]], [[Prakrit]], [[Saka language|Saka]], [[Old Uyghur]], [[Tamil Brahmi|Tamil]], [[Tocharian languages|Tocharian]], [[Elu]] | time = At least by the 3rd century BCE{{sfn|Salomon|1998|pp=11–13}} to 5th century CE | fam1 = [[Egyptian hieroglyphs]] | fam2 = [[Proto-Sinaitic script|Proto-Sinaitic]] | fam3 = [[Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician]] | fam4 = [[Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]] {{small|(disputed)}}{{sfn|Salomon|1996|p=378}}<ref name="Pillai2023">{{cite journal |last=Damodaram Pillai |first=Karan |year=2023 |title=The Hybrid Origin of Brāhmī Script from Aramaic, Phoenician and Greek Letters |journal=Indialogs |volume=10 |pages=93–122 |doi=10.5565/rev/indialogs.213 |quote=The origins of Brāhmī script have been mired in controversy for over a century... Aramaic has remained the leading candidate for the source of Brāhmī}}</ref><ref name="Coningham1996">{{cite journal |last1=Coningham |first1=Robin |last2=Allchin |first2=Frank Raymond |last3=Batt |first3=Catherine M. |last4=Lucy |first4=Dramani |year=1996 |title=Passage to India? Anuradhapura and the Early Use of the Brahmi Script |journal=Cambridge Archaeological Journal |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |doi=10.1017/S0959774300001608}}</ref> | sisters = [[Kharosthi]] | children = {{clist|title=Brahmi-derived scripts| *[[Gupta script|Gupta]] **[[Siddham script|Siddham]] ***[[Nagari script|Nagari]] ****[[Devanagari script|Devanagari]] *****[[Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics]] ******[[Pollard script|Pollard]] ****[[Kaithi script|Kaithi]] *****[[Sylheti Nagri]] ****[[Gujarati script|Gujarati]] ****[[Modi script|Modi]] ***[[Gaudi script|Gaudi]] ****[[Newar script|Newar]] ****[[Bhujimol script|Bhujimol]] ****[[Ranjana script|Ranjana]] *****[[Soyombo script|Soyombo]] ****[[Bengali–Assamese script|Bengali-Assamese]] ****[[Odia script|Odia]] **[[Sharada script|Sharada]] ***[[Laṇḍā script|Landa]] ****[[Gurumukhi script|Gurumukhi]] ****[[Khudabadi script|Khudabadi]] ****[[Mahajani script|Mahajani]] **[[Meitei script|Meitei]] **[[Tibetan script|Tibetan]] ***[[Phags-pa script|Phags-pa]] ****[[Zanabazar square script|Zanabazar square]] **[[Kalinga script|Kalinga]] **[[Bhaiksuki script|Bhaiksuki]] *[[Tamil-Brahmi]] **[[Pallava script|Pallava]] ***[[Kawi script|Kawi]] ****[[Balinese script|Balinese]] *****[[Sasak script|Sasak]] ****[[Batak script|Batak]] *****Karo *****Mandailing *****Pakpak *****Simalungun *****Toba ****[[Baybayin script|Baybayin]] *****[[Buhid script|Buhid]] *****[[Hanunoo script|Hanunoo]] *****[[Tagbanwa script|Tagbanwa]] *****[[Kulitan]] ****[[Buda script|Buda]] ****[[Javanese script|Javanese]] ****[[Lontara script|Lontara]] *****[[Lota Ende]] *****[[Mbojo]] *****[[Satera Jontal]] ****[[Makasar script|Makasar]] ****[[Sundanese script|Sundanese]] ****[[Ulu scripts|Ulu]] *****[[Incung script|Incung]] *****[[Komering script|Komering]] *****[[Lampung script|Lampung]] *****[[Lembak]] *****[[Ogan script|Ogan]] *****[[Pasemah]] *****[[Rejang script|Rejang]] *****[[Serawai]] ***[[Cham script|Cham]] ***[[Khmer script|Khmer]] ****[[Sukhothai script|Sukhothai]] *****[[Thai script|Thai]] *****[[Tai Noi script|Tai Noi]] ******[[Lao script|Lao]] ***[[Mon-Burmese script|Mon-Burmese]] ****[[Chakma script|Chakma]] ***[[Tamil script|Tamil]] ***[[Grantha script|Grantha]] ****[[Malayalam script|Malayalam]] ****[[Sinhala script|Sinhala]] ****[[Dives Akuru]] **[[Vatteluttu]] *[[Kadamba script|Kadamba]] **[[Pyu script|Pyu]] **[[Telugu-Kannada script|Telugu-Kannada]] ***[[Kannada script|Kannada]] ***[[Telugu script|Telugu]] *[[Tocharian script|Tocharian]] }} | unicode = [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11000.pdf U+11000–U+1107F] | iso15924 = Brah }} ಭಾರತೀಯ ಬಾಸೆಲೆಗ್ ಮೂಲ ಲಿಪಿಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. '''ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ''' ದಿಂಜ ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ದ ಲಿಪಿ. ಉಂದು ಏಷ್ಯಾದ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಲಿಪಿಲೆನ ಬುಲೆಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಕಾರಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="Salomon1998-p17a">{{harvnb|Salomon|1998|p=17}}. "Until the late nineteenth century, the script of the Aśokan (non-Kharosthi) inscriptions and its immediate derivatives was referred to by various names such as 'lath' or 'Lat', 'Southern Aśokan', 'Indian Pali', 'Mauryan', and so on. The application to it of the name Brahmi [''sc. lipi''], which stands at the head of the Buddhist and Jaina script lists, was first suggested by T[errien] de Lacouperie, who noted that in the Chinese Buddhist encyclopedia ''Fa yiian chu lin'' the scripts whose names corresponded to the Brahmi and Kharosthi of the ''Lalitavistara'' are described as written from left to right and from right to left, respectively. He therefore suggested that the name Brahmi should refer to the left-to-right 'Indo-Pali' script of the Aśokan pillar inscriptions, and Kharosthi to the right-to-left 'Bactro-Pali' script of the rock inscriptions from the northwest."</ref> ದೇವನಗರಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಬೇತೆ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಏಷ್ಯಾ, ಆಗ್ನೇಯ ಏಷ್ಯಾ, ಟಿಬೆಟಿಯನ್, ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಕೆಲವು ಜನಕುಲೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಕೊರಿಯನ್ ಲಿಪಿಲೆನ ಬುಲೆಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಉಂದು ಮೂಲ. <ref name="Salomon1998-p17b">{{harvnb|Salomon|1998|p=17}}. "...&nbsp;the Brahmi script appeared in the [[3rd century BC|third century BCE]] as a fully developed pan-Indian national script (sometimes used as a second script even within the proper territory of Kharosthi in the north-west) and continued to play this role throughout history, becoming the parent of all of the modern Indic scripts both within India and beyond. Thus, with the exceptions of the Indus script in the protohistoric period, of Kharosthi in the northwest in the ancient period, and of the Perso–Arabic and European scripts in the medieval and modern periods, respectively, the history of writing in India is virtually synonymous with the history of the Brahmi script and its derivatives."</ref> <ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brahmi|title=Brahmi|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|date=1999|quote=Among the many descendants of Brāhmī are Devanāgarī (used for Sanskrit, Hindi and other Indian languages), the Bengali and Gujarati scripts and those of the Dravidian languages|accessdate=2017-03-21|archivedate=2020-07-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719005559/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brahmi}}</ref> ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ ನಾಲ್ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಭಾರತೊಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಾತಾ ಬಾಸೆಲೆನ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಬಾಸೆಡ್ ಬರೆವೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ.ಡ್ ಪಾಣಿನಿ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಅಷ್ಟಾಧ್ಯಾಯಿ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ವ್ಯಾಕರಣೊದ ನಿಯಮೊಲೆನ್ ಪಾಲನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ 4ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು [[:kn:ಕನ್ನಡ|ಕನ್ನಡ]] ಲಿಪಿನ್ '''ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ'''ಡ್ ಬರೆಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಚರ್ಚೆಲು ಉಂಡು. ಮೌರ್ಯ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯೊದ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ [[:kn:ಅಶೋಕ|ಅಶೋಕೆರೆನ]] ಮಾತಾ ಶಾಸನೊಲು '''ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ'''ಡ್ ಬರೆತಿನವು. "ಸುರುತ ತೀರ್ಥಂಕರ ವೃಷಭದೇವೆರ್ ಮಗಲ್ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಸುಂದರಿಗ್ ಕನ್ನಡ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆನ್ ವಿವರಿಸದ್ ಕೊರ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ ಈ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆನ್ 'ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆನ್ 'ಸುಂದರಿ ಲಿಪಿ' ಪಂದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್." ಸಿರಿ ಭೋಜ್ವಾಯೆ ಈ ವಿಚಾರೊನು ಬಾರೀ ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾದ್ ತೆರಿಪಾದ್ಂಡ್. == ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿತ ಮೂಲೊ == ಅಯಿತ ಮೂಲದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆನ ಬಿನ್ನಾಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಇಂದೆನ್ ಮುಕ್ಯವಾದ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಇಬಾಗೊಗು ಮಲ್ಪೊಲಿ. # ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿತ ಪುಟ್ಟುಗು ಪಿದಯಿ ದೇಸೊದ ಲಿಪಿಕ್ಲೇ ಆದಾರೊ. ಈ ಲಿಪಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊಂಜಿ ದೇಶಡ್ ಉದ್ಭವ ಆದ್, ಭಾರತೊಗು ವಲಸೆ ಬತ್ತ್‌ನಕ್ಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತ್‌ದ್, ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಮುಲ್ಪ ಬುಳೆಚಿಲ್ ಪಡೆವೊಂಡ್ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆನ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊ. ಅಕ್ಲೆಡ್ ಜೇಮ್ಸ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸೆಪ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿತ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ೧೯ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರೂಟೆ ಅದ್ಯಯನ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್, ಉಂದು ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಲಿಪಿಡ್ದ್ ಬುಳೆಯಿನ ಪನ್ಪುನ ತೀರ್ಮಾನೊಗು ಬತ್ತೆ. ಹೆಲೆವಿ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ಉಂದು ಖರೋಷ್ಠಿ, ಅರಮೇಯಿಕ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಲಿಪಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಮಿಶ್ರನೊ. ಇಂದೆತ ಪುಟ್ಟು ಕ್ರಿ. ಪೂ. ನಾಲನೇ ಶತಮಾನಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ ಪನ್ತೆರ್. ಟೆರೆನ್ ಡೆ ಲಾ ಕೊಪಿರೆ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ಉಂದು ಚೀನಾದ ಚಿತ್ರಲಿಪಿಡ್ದ್ (ಪಿಕ್ಟೋಗ್ರಾಫ್) ಬುಲೆಯಿನ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ವಾದ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆ. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಸಿಮಿಟಕ್ ಲಿಪಿಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತ್‌ನೆ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ನಿರ್ಣಯೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆಡ್ ಡಿ.ಕೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕ್ಯಾನನ್ ಐಸಾಕ್ ಟೈಲರ್ ಪ್ರಮುಕೆರ್.. ಬ್ಯೂಲರ್, ವೆಬರ್, ಬೆನ್ಛೇ, ಜೆನ್ಸನ್ ಮುಕುಲು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿಗ್ ಫಿನೀಷಿಯನ್ ಲಿಪಿಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಹೋಲಿಕೆ ಇತ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದ್ ಫಿನೀಷಿಯನ್ ಲಿಪಿಯೇ ಇಂದೆತ ಪುಟ್ಟುಗು ಕಾರಣೊಂದ್ ವಾದೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದೆರ್. # ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಭಾರತೊದ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರೊ ಲಿಪಿ. ಉಂದು ಮೂಲತಃ ಭಾರತೊದ ಲಿಪಿಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆಡ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗುಂಪುಲು ಉಲ್ಲೊ ೧. ಆರ್ಯರ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನೆ ಪನ್ಪುನಕುಲು ೨. ಮೂಲ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಲಿಪಿಂದ್ ವಾದ ಮಲ್ಪುನಕುಲು. ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್, ಕನ್ನಿಂಗ್‍ಹ್ಯಾಮ್, ಲಸ್ಸೆನ್ ಮೆಕ್ಲ್ ವೈದಿಕ ಕಾಲೊದ ಜನಕ್ಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಆರ್ಯರೆಡ್ದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಲಿಪಿತ ಆದಾರೊದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊ ಪಡೆತೆರ್. ಉದಾರ್ಮೆಗ್ ರ-ರಜ್ಜು (ಬಳ್ಳ್). ಮ-ಮುಖ(ಮೋರೆ), ನ-ನಾಸ (ಮೂಂಕು) ಶ-ಶ್ರವಣ (ಕೆಬಿ/ಕಿವಿ) ಇಂಚ. == ಲಿಪಿತ ಮೂಲ | == ಎಡ್ವರ್ಡ್ ಥಾಮಸ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಟಿ.ಎನ್. ಈ ಲಿಪಿ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಮೂಲದಂದ್ ಸುಬ್ರಮಣ್ಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಆರ್ಯೆರ್ ಬರ್ಪಿನೆಗ್ ದುಂಬೇ ದ್ರಾವಿಡೆರ್ ಭಾರತೊಡು ನಿಲೆ ಆದಿತ್ತಿನಕ್ಲೆನ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್ ಒಪ್ಪೊನುವೆರ್. ಆರ್ಯ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ್ರಾವಿಡೆರ್‌ನ ಬಾರೀ ಪ್ರಬಾವೊ ಇತ್ತಿನೆರ್ದಾತ್ರೊ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಉದಿಪನೊಗು ದ್ರಾವಿಡೆರ್ ಕಾರಣೆರ್, ಈ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಆರ್ಯೆರ್ ಬುಲೆಪಾಯೆರ್ಂದ್ ಕೆಲವು ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್ ಊಹೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದೆರ್. ಈ ಲಿಪಿ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಡ್ದ್ ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನವು ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ವಾದೊ. ಬ್ರಹ್ಮವಿದ್ಯೆನ್ ಕಲ್ಪುನೆಕ್ಕಾದ್ ಉದ್ಭವೊ ಆಯಿನ ಈ ಲಿಪಿಗ್ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಪಂದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬತ್ತ್‌ದ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊನ್ ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ಒಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಉಂದೆತ ಉದ್ಭವ ಭಾರತೊಡೇ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆಗ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆಗ್ ಸಿಂಧೂಲಿಪಿ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸಹಕಾರಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಡ್ ಲಿಪಿತ ಬಳಕೆ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ವಿಚಾರೊ ೧೯೨೩ಡ್ ನಡತ್‌ನ ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆದ ಶೋದನೆದ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ (ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. ೨೫೦೦-೧೮೦೦) ತೆರಿದ್ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಸಿಂಧೂ ಲಿಪಿತ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಅದ್ಯಯನೊ ನಾನಲ ಆವೊಡಾಯಿನೆಡ್ದ್ ಅವು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿತ ಪೂರ್ವರೂಪಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆ ಸರಿ ಅತ್ತ್. ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್ ಉಂದು ಸಾಮ್ರಾಟ್ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬೇ ಬಳಕೆಡ್ ಇತ್ತ್‌ದ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ಉಂದು ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲಡ್ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ಗೊತ್ತಿತ್ತ್‌ನ ಪಂಡಿತರೆಡ್ದ್ ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲಡ್ ಪುಟ್ಟುಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆಗ್ ಎಸ್. ಶಂಕರ ನಾರಾಯಣನ್ ನಾಲ್ ಕಾರಣೊಲೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. ೧. ಅಶೋಕಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬು ಬರೆತಿನಂಚಿನ ಲಿಖಿತ ಆದಾರೊಲು ತಿಕ್ಕಂದೆ ಇಪ್ಪುನೆ (ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆದ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಬುಡ್ತ್). ೨. ಮೆಗಾಸ್ತನೀಸ್ ಚಂದ್ರಗುಪ್ತ ಮೌರ್ಯನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಭಾರತೊಗು ಬನ್ನಾಗ ಭಾರತೊಡ್ ಬರೆಪುನೆ ಗೊತ್ತಿಜ್ಜಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಹೇಳಿಕೆ ಕೊರ್ತಿನವು. ೩. ಬೌದ್ಧ ಬಿಕ್ಕುಲೆಗ್ (ಅಶೋಕಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬು) ಬುದ್ಧನ ಉಪದೇಸೊಲೆನ್ ಬಾಯಿ ಪಾತೆರೊಡೇ (ಮೌಕಿಕವಾದ್) ಉಪದೇಶ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತಿನವು. ೪. ಅಶೋಕನ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಡ್ ಹೆಚ್ನದ ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸೊಲು (ಪ್ರಾಂತೀಯ ಬೇದೊಲು) ಇದ್ಯಾಂದೆ ಇಪ್ಪುನೆ. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. ಮೂಜಿನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಸುರುತ ಬಾಗೊಡು ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಎಸ್.ಆರ್. ಗೋಯಲ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಡಿ.ಸಿ. ಸರ್ಕಾರ್, ಟಿ., ಈ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊಗು ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಆವಿಸ್ಕಾರೊ ಆಯಿಜಿಂದ್ ಪಿ.ವರ್ಮೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಅಶೋಕೆರ್ ಈ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪಾಲಿ ಬಾಸೆನ್ ಗಳಸೊಂದು ಬೌದ್ಧ ದರ್ಮನ್ ಪ್ರಚಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪುನವು ತೆರಿಯುಂಡು. ಈ ಮಾತಾ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಪುಟ್ಟುದು ಬತ್ತ್‌ನವು ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಅಶೋಕಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬೇ ಇತ್ತ್‌ನ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಬುಲೆಪಾಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆನ್ ನಿಗಂಟಾದ್ ಪನ್‌ಯರ ಸಾದ್ಯೊ ಇದ್ದಿ, ಆಂಡ ಅಯಿತ ಬುಲೆಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಅಶೋಕೆನೆ ಕಾರಣೊಂದ್ ಪನೊಲಿ. ಅಶೋಕನ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಭಾರತೊದ ಸರಳ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪೊರ್ಲುದ ಲಿಪಿ. ಇಂದೆಟ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಲಂಬ ರೇಕೆಲು ಉಂಡು. ಶತಮಾನೊಲು ಕರಿನಂಚನೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ವಿಕಸನೊ ಆದ್ ಕುಷಣ, ಕ್ಷತ್ರಪ, ಶತವಾಹನ, ಗುಪ್ತ ವಂಸೊಲೆನ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆದ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಮಸ್ತ್ ರೂಪೊನ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನವು. == ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ == {| class="wikitable" !ಕ್ರ.ಸಂ. !ಧ್ವನಿ(Approx.Phoen.sound) !ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಿ(Direct Brahmi(IAST value)) !ಬದಲಾವಣೆ(Secondarily Derived Brahmi) |- |1 |ʾ [ʔ], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_a.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_a.svg|15x15px]] (a) |ಅ |- |2 |b [b] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_bh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_bh.svg|15x15px]] (ba) |ಬ - [[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_bh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_bh.svg|15x15px]] (bha) |- |3 |g [ɡ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_g.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_g.svg|15x15px]] (ga) |ಗ, (ಘ)- Bhattiprolu gh |- |4 |d [d] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_dh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_dh.svg|15x15px]] (dha) |ಧ -[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_d.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_d.svg|15x15px]] (da), (ḍa), (ḍha) |- |5 |h [h], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_h.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_h.svg|15x15px]] (ha) |ಹ |- |6 |w [w], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_v.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_v.svg|15x15px]] (va |ವ (u), (o)) |- |7 |z [z] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_j.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_j.svg|15x15px]] (ja) |ಜ,ಝ- (jha) |- |8 |ḥ [ħ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_gh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_gh.svg|15x15px]] (gha) |ಘ |- |9 |ṭ [tˤ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_th.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_th.svg|15x15px]] (tha) |ಥ (ṭa), (ṭha) |- |10 |y [j], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_y.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_y.svg|15x15px]] (ya) |ಯ |- |11 |k [k] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_k.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_k.svg|15x15px]] (ka |ಕ |- |12 |l [l] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_l.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_l.svg|15x15px]] (la) |ಲ, Bhattiprolu ḷ |- |13 |m [m] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_m.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_m.svg|15x15px]] (ma) |ಮ, (ಂ) anusvara |- |14 |n [n] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_n.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_n.svg|15x15px]] (na) |ನ, (ṇa) |- |15 |s [s] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_ss.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_ss.svg|15x15px]] (ṣa) |ಸ, (sa) |- |16 |ʿ [ʕ], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_e.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_e.svg|15x15px]] (e) |ಏ, ಐ (i), (ai) |- |17 |p [p] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_ph.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_ph.svg|15x15px]] (pa) |ಪ, (pha) |- |18 |ṣ [sˤ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_c.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_c.svg|15x15px]] (ca) |ಚ, (cha) |- |19 |q [q] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_kh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_kh.svg|15x15px]] (kha)1 |ಖ, |- |20 |r [r] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_r.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_r.svg|15x15px]](ra) |ರ |- |21 |š [ʃ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_sh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_sh.svg|15x15px]] (śa) |ಶ (ಷ) |- |22 |t [t] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_t.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_t.svg|15x15px]] (ta) |ತ |- |} == ತೂಲೆ == * [[ಕನ್ನಡ ಬಾಸೆ|ಕನ್ನಡ]] * [[ತುಳು ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆ|ಗನ್ನಡ ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆ]] * [https://kn.wikisource.org/s/be9 ಮೈಸೂರು ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಲಯ ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ/ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ] == ಪಿದಯಿದ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ, ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ, ಕನ್ನಡ: ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಭಾಷಾ ಸಂಬಂಧೊಲು: [http://www.prajavani.net/news/article/2017/02/05/470193.html ಭಾಷೆಲೆನ ವಂಶಾವಳಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಸಮಾಜ.] [http://www.prajavani.net/news/article/2017/02/05/470193.html ಶೆಟ್ಟರ್;5 ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ, 2017] ಡ್ Archived * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060516000049/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucgadkw/position/salomon.html ಸುರುತ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಲಿಪಿಲೆನ ಮೂಲದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ: ವಾಷಿಂಗ್ಟನ್ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯದ ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ ಸಲೋಮನ್ ನ ಒಂಜಿ ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ ಲೇಖನ] ( [[Web Archive|archive.org]] ಮೂಲಕ) * [[Indian Institute of Science|ಭಾರತೀಯ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯ]] [http://brahmi.sourceforge.net/ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಯೋಜನೆ] * [http://www.ancientscripts.com/brahmi.html ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಲಿಪಿಗಳು – ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ] * [http://www.virtualvinodh.com/brahmi-lipitva ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿತ ಬೌದ್ಧ ಗ್ರಂಥ] * [http://www.bhashaindia.com/Pages/Home.aspx ವಿಂಡೋಸ್ ಇಂಡಿಕ್ ಸ್ಕ್ರಿಪ್ಟ್ ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್] ಡ್ Archived == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == {{Reflist}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಬಾಸೆಲು]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಭಾರತದ ಬಾಸೆಲು]] r8t6xl3i8yg7ipz76njrsaru8q69jmo 366720 366632 2026-08-23T13:43:02Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writing system | name = ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ | altname = | sample = {{Photomontage|position=center | photo1a = Brahmi Varnamala.png{{!}}class=skin-invert-image | photo2a = Brahmi pillar inscription in Sarnath.jpg | size = 250 | spacing = 2 | color = 0 | border = 0 | foot_montage =}} | caption = {{ubl |(ಮಿತ್ತ್) ಆದುನಿಕ ಅಕ್ಷರೊಡು ಅಶೋಕನ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ ಚಾರ್ಟ್ | (ತಿರ್ತ್) ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಒಂಜಿ [[:en:Pillars of Ashoka|ಅಶೋಕ ಸ್ತಂಭ]] ಡ್ [[:en:Sarnath|ಸಾರನಾಥ]] ({{circa|250 BCE}}) }} | type = [[:en:Abugida|ಅಬುಗಿಡ]] | languages = [[ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ]], [[ಪಾಲಿ]], [[ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ]], [[:en:Saka language|ಸಾಕ]], [[:en:Old Uyghur|ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಉಯಿಘರ್]], [[:en:Tamil Brahmi|ತಮಿಳು]], [[:en:Tocharian languages|Tocharian]], [[:en:Elu]] | time = At least by the 3rd century BCE{{sfn|Salomon|1998|pp=11–13}} to 5th century CE | fam1 = [[:en:Egyptian hieroglyphs]] | fam2 = [[:en:Proto-Sinaitic script|Proto-Sinaitic]] | fam3 = [[:en:Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician]] | fam4 = [[:en:Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]] {{small|(disputed)}}{{sfn|Salomon|1996|p=378}}<ref name="Pillai2023">{{cite journal |last=Damodaram Pillai |first=Karan |year=2023 |title=The Hybrid Origin of Brāhmī Script from Aramaic, Phoenician and Greek Letters |journal=Indialogs |volume=10 |pages=93–122 |doi=10.5565/rev/indialogs.213 |quote=The origins of Brāhmī script have been mired in controversy for over a century... Aramaic has remained the leading candidate for the source of Brāhmī}}</ref><ref name="Coningham1996">{{cite journal |last1=Coningham |first1=Robin |last2=Allchin |first2=Frank Raymond |last3=Batt |first3=Catherine M. |last4=Lucy |first4=Dramani |year=1996 |title=Passage to India? Anuradhapura and the Early Use of the Brahmi Script |journal=Cambridge Archaeological Journal |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |doi=10.1017/S0959774300001608}}</ref> | sisters = [[:en:Kharosthi]] | children = {{clist|title=Brahmi-derived scripts| *[[:en:Gupta script|Gupta]] **[[:en:Siddham script|Siddham]] ***[[:en:Nagari script|Nagari]] ****[[:en:Devanagari script|Devanagari]] *****[[:en:Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics]] ******[[:en:Pollard script|Pollard]] ****[[:en:Kaithi script|Kaithi]] *****[[:en:Sylheti Nagri]] ****[[:en:Gujarati script|Gujarati]] ****[[:en:Modi script|Modi]] ***[[:en:Gaudi script|Gaudi]] ****[[:en:Newar script|Newar]] ****[[:en:Bhujimol script|Bhujimol]] ****[[ವRanjana script|Ranjana]] *****[[:en:Soyombo script|Soyombo]] ****[[:en:Bengali–Assamese script|Bengali-Assamese]] ****[[:en:Odia script|Odia]] **[[ವSharada script|Sharada]] ***[[:en:Laṇḍā script|Landa]] ****[[:en:Gurumukhi script|Gurumukhi]] ****[[:en:Khudabadi script|Khudabadi]] ****[[:en:Mahajani script|Mahajani]] **[[:en:Meitei script|Meitei]] **[[:en:Tibetan script|Tibetan]] ***[[:en:Phags-pa script|Phags-pa]] ****[[:en:Zanabazar square script|Zanabazar square]] **[[:en:Kalinga script|Kalinga]] **[[:en:Bhaiksuki script|Bhaiksuki]] *[[:en:Tamil-Brahmi]] **[[:en:Pallava script|Pallava]] ***[[:en:Kawi script|Kawi]] ****[[:en:Balinese script|Balinese]] *****[[:en:Sasak script|Sasak]] ****[[:en:Batak script|Batak]] *****Karo *****Mandailing *****Pakpak *****Simalungun *****Toba ****[[:en:Baybayin script|Baybayin]] *****[[:en:Buhid script|Buhid]] *****[[:en:Hanunoo script|Hanunoo]] *****[[:en:Tagbanwa script|Tagbanwa]] *****[[:en:Kulitan]] ****[[:en:Buda script|Buda]] ****[[:en:Javanese script|Javanese]] ****[[:en:Lontara script|Lontara]] *****[[:en:Lota Ende]] *****[[:en:Mbojo]] *****[[:en:Satera Jontal]] ****[[:en:Makasar script|Makasar]] ****[[:en:Sundanese script|Sundanese]] ****[[:en:Ulu scripts|Ulu]] *****[[:en:Incung script|Incung]] *****[[:en:Komering script|Komering]] *****[[:en:Lampung script|Lampung]] *****[[:en:Lembak]] *****[[:en:Ogan script|ಒಗನ್]] *****[[:en:Pasemah|ಪಸೆಮಃ]] *****[[:en:Rejang script|ರೆಜಾಂಗ್]] *****[[:en:Serawai|ಸೆರವಾಯಿ]] ***[[:en:Cham script|Cham]] ***[[:en:Khmer script|ಖಮೇರ್]] ****[[:en:Sukhothai script|ಸುಖೋತಾಯಿ]] *****[[:en:Thai script|ಥಾಯ್]] *****[[:en:Tai Noi script|ತೈ ನೋಯಿ]] ******[[:en:Lao script|ಲಾವೊ]] ***[[:en:Mon-Burmese script|ಮೂನ್-ಬರ್ಮೀಸ್]] ****[[:en:Chakma script|ಚಕ್ಮ]] ***[[:en:Tamil script|ತಮಿಳು]] ***[[:en:Grantha script|ಗ್ರಂಥ]] ****[[:en:Malayalam script|ಮಲಯಾಳಂ]] ****[[:en:Sinhala script|ಸಿಂಹಳ]] ****[[:en:Dives Akuru|ದಿವೆಸ್ ಅಕುರು]] **[[:en:Vatteluttu|ವತ್ತೆಲುಟ್ಟು]] *[[:en:Kadamba script|ಕದಂಬ]] **[[:en:Pyu script|ಪ್ಯು]] **[[:en:Telugu-Kannada script|ತೆಲುಗು ಕನ್ನಡ]] ***[[:en:Kannada script|ಕನ್ನಡ]] ***[[:en:Telugu script|ತೆಲುಗು]] *[[:en:Tocharian script|ಟೋಚಾರಿಯನ್]] }} | unicode = [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11000.pdf U+11000–U+1107F] | iso15924 = ಬ್ರಹ್ }} ಭಾರತೀಯ ಬಾಸೆಲೆಗ್ ಮೂಲ ಲಿಪಿಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. '''ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ''' ದಿಂಜ ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ದ ಲಿಪಿ. ಉಂದು ಏಷ್ಯಾದ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಲಿಪಿಲೆನ ಬುಲೆಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಕಾರಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="Salomon1998-p17a">{{harvnb|Salomon|1998|p=17}}. "Until the late nineteenth century, the script of the Aśokan (non-Kharosthi) inscriptions and its immediate derivatives was referred to by various names such as 'lath' or 'Lat', 'Southern Aśokan', 'Indian Pali', 'Mauryan', and so on. The application to it of the name Brahmi [''sc. lipi''], which stands at the head of the Buddhist and Jaina script lists, was first suggested by T[errien] de Lacouperie, who noted that in the Chinese Buddhist encyclopedia ''Fa yiian chu lin'' the scripts whose names corresponded to the Brahmi and Kharosthi of the ''Lalitavistara'' are described as written from left to right and from right to left, respectively. He therefore suggested that the name Brahmi should refer to the left-to-right 'Indo-Pali' script of the Aśokan pillar inscriptions, and Kharosthi to the right-to-left 'Bactro-Pali' script of the rock inscriptions from the northwest."</ref> ದೇವನಗರಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಬೇತೆ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಏಷ್ಯಾ, ಆಗ್ನೇಯ ಏಷ್ಯಾ, ಟಿಬೆಟಿಯನ್, ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಕೆಲವು ಜನಕುಲೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಕೊರಿಯನ್ ಲಿಪಿಲೆನ ಬುಲೆಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಉಂದು ಮೂಲ. <ref name="Salomon1998-p17b">{{harvnb|Salomon|1998|p=17}}. "...&nbsp;the Brahmi script appeared in the [[3rd century BC|third century BCE]] as a fully developed pan-Indian national script (sometimes used as a second script even within the proper territory of Kharosthi in the north-west) and continued to play this role throughout history, becoming the parent of all of the modern Indic scripts both within India and beyond. Thus, with the exceptions of the Indus script in the protohistoric period, of Kharosthi in the northwest in the ancient period, and of the Perso–Arabic and European scripts in the medieval and modern periods, respectively, the history of writing in India is virtually synonymous with the history of the Brahmi script and its derivatives."</ref> <ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brahmi|title=Brahmi|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|date=1999|quote=Among the many descendants of Brāhmī are Devanāgarī (used for Sanskrit, Hindi and other Indian languages), the Bengali and Gujarati scripts and those of the Dravidian languages|accessdate=2017-03-21|archivedate=2020-07-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719005559/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brahmi}}</ref> ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ ನಾಲ್ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಭಾರತೊಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಾತಾ ಬಾಸೆಲೆನ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಬಾಸೆಡ್ ಬರೆವೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ.ಡ್ ಪಾಣಿನಿ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಅಷ್ಟಾಧ್ಯಾಯಿ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ವ್ಯಾಕರಣೊದ ನಿಯಮೊಲೆನ್ ಪಾಲನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ 4ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು [[:kn:ಕನ್ನಡ|ಕನ್ನಡ]] ಲಿಪಿನ್ '''ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ'''ಡ್ ಬರೆಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಚರ್ಚೆಲು ಉಂಡು. ಮೌರ್ಯ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯೊದ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ [[:kn:ಅಶೋಕ|ಅಶೋಕೆರೆನ]] ಮಾತಾ ಶಾಸನೊಲು '''ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ'''ಡ್ ಬರೆತಿನವು. "ಸುರುತ ತೀರ್ಥಂಕರ ವೃಷಭದೇವೆರ್ ಮಗಲ್ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಸುಂದರಿಗ್ ಕನ್ನಡ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆನ್ ವಿವರಿಸದ್ ಕೊರ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ ಈ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆನ್ 'ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆನ್ 'ಸುಂದರಿ ಲಿಪಿ' ಪಂದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್." ಸಿರಿ ಭೋಜ್ವಾಯೆ ಈ ವಿಚಾರೊನು ಬಾರೀ ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾದ್ ತೆರಿಪಾದ್ಂಡ್. == ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿತ ಮೂಲೊ == ಅಯಿತ ಮೂಲದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆನ ಬಿನ್ನಾಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಇಂದೆನ್ ಮುಕ್ಯವಾದ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಇಬಾಗೊಗು ಮಲ್ಪೊಲಿ. # ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿತ ಪುಟ್ಟುಗು ಪಿದಯಿ ದೇಸೊದ ಲಿಪಿಕ್ಲೇ ಆದಾರೊ. ಈ ಲಿಪಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊಂಜಿ ದೇಶಡ್ ಉದ್ಭವ ಆದ್, ಭಾರತೊಗು ವಲಸೆ ಬತ್ತ್‌ನಕ್ಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತ್‌ದ್, ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಮುಲ್ಪ ಬುಳೆಚಿಲ್ ಪಡೆವೊಂಡ್ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆನ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊ. ಅಕ್ಲೆಡ್ ಜೇಮ್ಸ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸೆಪ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿತ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ೧೯ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರೂಟೆ ಅದ್ಯಯನ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್, ಉಂದು ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಲಿಪಿಡ್ದ್ ಬುಳೆಯಿನ ಪನ್ಪುನ ತೀರ್ಮಾನೊಗು ಬತ್ತೆ. ಹೆಲೆವಿ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ಉಂದು ಖರೋಷ್ಠಿ, ಅರಮೇಯಿಕ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಲಿಪಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಮಿಶ್ರನೊ. ಇಂದೆತ ಪುಟ್ಟು ಕ್ರಿ. ಪೂ. ನಾಲನೇ ಶತಮಾನಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ ಪನ್ತೆರ್. ಟೆರೆನ್ ಡೆ ಲಾ ಕೊಪಿರೆ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ಉಂದು ಚೀನಾದ ಚಿತ್ರಲಿಪಿಡ್ದ್ (ಪಿಕ್ಟೋಗ್ರಾಫ್) ಬುಲೆಯಿನ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ವಾದ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆ. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಸಿಮಿಟಕ್ ಲಿಪಿಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತ್‌ನೆ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ನಿರ್ಣಯೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆಡ್ ಡಿ.ಕೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕ್ಯಾನನ್ ಐಸಾಕ್ ಟೈಲರ್ ಪ್ರಮುಕೆರ್.. ಬ್ಯೂಲರ್, ವೆಬರ್, ಬೆನ್ಛೇ, ಜೆನ್ಸನ್ ಮುಕುಲು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿಗ್ ಫಿನೀಷಿಯನ್ ಲಿಪಿಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಹೋಲಿಕೆ ಇತ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದ್ ಫಿನೀಷಿಯನ್ ಲಿಪಿಯೇ ಇಂದೆತ ಪುಟ್ಟುಗು ಕಾರಣೊಂದ್ ವಾದೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದೆರ್. # ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಭಾರತೊದ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರೊ ಲಿಪಿ. ಉಂದು ಮೂಲತಃ ಭಾರತೊದ ಲಿಪಿಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆಡ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗುಂಪುಲು ಉಲ್ಲೊ ೧. ಆರ್ಯರ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನೆ ಪನ್ಪುನಕುಲು ೨. ಮೂಲ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಲಿಪಿಂದ್ ವಾದ ಮಲ್ಪುನಕುಲು. ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್, ಕನ್ನಿಂಗ್‍ಹ್ಯಾಮ್, ಲಸ್ಸೆನ್ ಮೆಕ್ಲ್ ವೈದಿಕ ಕಾಲೊದ ಜನಕ್ಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಆರ್ಯರೆಡ್ದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಲಿಪಿತ ಆದಾರೊದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊ ಪಡೆತೆರ್. ಉದಾರ್ಮೆಗ್ ರ-ರಜ್ಜು (ಬಳ್ಳ್). ಮ-ಮುಖ(ಮೋರೆ), ನ-ನಾಸ (ಮೂಂಕು) ಶ-ಶ್ರವಣ (ಕೆಬಿ/ಕಿವಿ) ಇಂಚ. == ಲಿಪಿತ ಮೂಲ | == ಎಡ್ವರ್ಡ್ ಥಾಮಸ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಟಿ.ಎನ್. ಈ ಲಿಪಿ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಮೂಲದಂದ್ ಸುಬ್ರಮಣ್ಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಆರ್ಯೆರ್ ಬರ್ಪಿನೆಗ್ ದುಂಬೇ ದ್ರಾವಿಡೆರ್ ಭಾರತೊಡು ನಿಲೆ ಆದಿತ್ತಿನಕ್ಲೆನ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್ ಒಪ್ಪೊನುವೆರ್. ಆರ್ಯ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ್ರಾವಿಡೆರ್‌ನ ಬಾರೀ ಪ್ರಬಾವೊ ಇತ್ತಿನೆರ್ದಾತ್ರೊ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಉದಿಪನೊಗು ದ್ರಾವಿಡೆರ್ ಕಾರಣೆರ್, ಈ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಆರ್ಯೆರ್ ಬುಲೆಪಾಯೆರ್ಂದ್ ಕೆಲವು ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್ ಊಹೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದೆರ್. ಈ ಲಿಪಿ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಡ್ದ್ ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನವು ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ವಾದೊ. ಬ್ರಹ್ಮವಿದ್ಯೆನ್ ಕಲ್ಪುನೆಕ್ಕಾದ್ ಉದ್ಭವೊ ಆಯಿನ ಈ ಲಿಪಿಗ್ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಪಂದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬತ್ತ್‌ದ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊನ್ ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ಒಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಉಂದೆತ ಉದ್ಭವ ಭಾರತೊಡೇ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆಗ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆಗ್ ಸಿಂಧೂಲಿಪಿ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸಹಕಾರಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಡ್ ಲಿಪಿತ ಬಳಕೆ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ವಿಚಾರೊ ೧೯೨೩ಡ್ ನಡತ್‌ನ ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆದ ಶೋದನೆದ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ (ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. ೨೫೦೦-೧೮೦೦) ತೆರಿದ್ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಸಿಂಧೂ ಲಿಪಿತ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಅದ್ಯಯನೊ ನಾನಲ ಆವೊಡಾಯಿನೆಡ್ದ್ ಅವು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿತ ಪೂರ್ವರೂಪಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆ ಸರಿ ಅತ್ತ್. ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್ ಉಂದು ಸಾಮ್ರಾಟ್ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬೇ ಬಳಕೆಡ್ ಇತ್ತ್‌ದ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ಉಂದು ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲಡ್ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ಗೊತ್ತಿತ್ತ್‌ನ ಪಂಡಿತರೆಡ್ದ್ ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲಡ್ ಪುಟ್ಟುಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆಗ್ ಎಸ್. ಶಂಕರ ನಾರಾಯಣನ್ ನಾಲ್ ಕಾರಣೊಲೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. ೧. ಅಶೋಕಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬು ಬರೆತಿನಂಚಿನ ಲಿಖಿತ ಆದಾರೊಲು ತಿಕ್ಕಂದೆ ಇಪ್ಪುನೆ (ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆದ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಬುಡ್ತ್). ೨. ಮೆಗಾಸ್ತನೀಸ್ ಚಂದ್ರಗುಪ್ತ ಮೌರ್ಯನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಭಾರತೊಗು ಬನ್ನಾಗ ಭಾರತೊಡ್ ಬರೆಪುನೆ ಗೊತ್ತಿಜ್ಜಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಹೇಳಿಕೆ ಕೊರ್ತಿನವು. ೩. ಬೌದ್ಧ ಬಿಕ್ಕುಲೆಗ್ (ಅಶೋಕಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬು) ಬುದ್ಧನ ಉಪದೇಸೊಲೆನ್ ಬಾಯಿ ಪಾತೆರೊಡೇ (ಮೌಕಿಕವಾದ್) ಉಪದೇಶ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತಿನವು. ೪. ಅಶೋಕನ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಡ್ ಹೆಚ್ನದ ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸೊಲು (ಪ್ರಾಂತೀಯ ಬೇದೊಲು) ಇದ್ಯಾಂದೆ ಇಪ್ಪುನೆ. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. ಮೂಜಿನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಸುರುತ ಬಾಗೊಡು ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಎಸ್.ಆರ್. ಗೋಯಲ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಡಿ.ಸಿ. ಸರ್ಕಾರ್, ಟಿ., ಈ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊಗು ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಆವಿಸ್ಕಾರೊ ಆಯಿಜಿಂದ್ ಪಿ.ವರ್ಮೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಅಶೋಕೆರ್ ಈ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪಾಲಿ ಬಾಸೆನ್ ಗಳಸೊಂದು ಬೌದ್ಧ ದರ್ಮನ್ ಪ್ರಚಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪುನವು ತೆರಿಯುಂಡು. ಈ ಮಾತಾ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಪುಟ್ಟುದು ಬತ್ತ್‌ನವು ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಅಶೋಕಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬೇ ಇತ್ತ್‌ನ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಬುಲೆಪಾಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆನ್ ನಿಗಂಟಾದ್ ಪನ್‌ಯರ ಸಾದ್ಯೊ ಇದ್ದಿ, ಆಂಡ ಅಯಿತ ಬುಲೆಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಅಶೋಕೆನೆ ಕಾರಣೊಂದ್ ಪನೊಲಿ. ಅಶೋಕನ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಭಾರತೊದ ಸರಳ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪೊರ್ಲುದ ಲಿಪಿ. ಇಂದೆಟ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಲಂಬ ರೇಕೆಲು ಉಂಡು. ಶತಮಾನೊಲು ಕರಿನಂಚನೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ವಿಕಸನೊ ಆದ್ ಕುಷಣ, ಕ್ಷತ್ರಪ, ಶತವಾಹನ, ಗುಪ್ತ ವಂಸೊಲೆನ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆದ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಮಸ್ತ್ ರೂಪೊನ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನವು. == ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ == {| class="wikitable" !ಕ್ರ.ಸಂ. !ಧ್ವನಿ(Approx.Phoen.sound) !ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಿ(Direct Brahmi(IAST value)) !ಬದಲಾವಣೆ(Secondarily Derived Brahmi) |- |1 |ʾ [ʔ], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_a.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_a.svg|15x15px]] (a) |ಅ |- |2 |b [b] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_bh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_bh.svg|15x15px]] (ba) |ಬ - [[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_bh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_bh.svg|15x15px]] (bha) |- |3 |g [ɡ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_g.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_g.svg|15x15px]] (ga) |ಗ, (ಘ)- Bhattiprolu gh |- |4 |d [d] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_dh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_dh.svg|15x15px]] (dha) |ಧ -[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_d.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_d.svg|15x15px]] (da), (ḍa), (ḍha) |- |5 |h [h], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_h.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_h.svg|15x15px]] (ha) |ಹ |- |6 |w [w], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_v.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_v.svg|15x15px]] (va |ವ (u), (o)) |- |7 |z [z] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_j.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_j.svg|15x15px]] (ja) |ಜ,ಝ- (jha) |- |8 |ḥ [ħ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_gh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_gh.svg|15x15px]] (gha) |ಘ |- |9 |ṭ [tˤ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_th.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_th.svg|15x15px]] (tha) |ಥ (ṭa), (ṭha) |- |10 |y [j], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_y.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_y.svg|15x15px]] (ya) |ಯ |- |11 |k [k] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_k.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_k.svg|15x15px]] (ka |ಕ |- |12 |l [l] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_l.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_l.svg|15x15px]] (la) |ಲ, Bhattiprolu ḷ |- |13 |m [m] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_m.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_m.svg|15x15px]] (ma) |ಮ, (ಂ) anusvara |- |14 |n [n] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_n.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_n.svg|15x15px]] (na) |ನ, (ṇa) |- |15 |s [s] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_ss.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_ss.svg|15x15px]] (ṣa) |ಸ, (sa) |- |16 |ʿ [ʕ], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_e.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_e.svg|15x15px]] (e) |ಏ, ಐ (i), (ai) |- |17 |p [p] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_ph.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_ph.svg|15x15px]] (pa) |ಪ, (pha) |- |18 |ṣ [sˤ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_c.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_c.svg|15x15px]] (ca) |ಚ, (cha) |- |19 |q [q] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_kh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_kh.svg|15x15px]] (kha)1 |ಖ, |- |20 |r [r] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_r.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_r.svg|15x15px]](ra) |ರ |- |21 |š [ʃ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_sh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_sh.svg|15x15px]] (śa) |ಶ (ಷ) |- |22 |t [t] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_t.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_t.svg|15x15px]] (ta) |ತ |- |} == ತೂಲೆ == * [[ಕನ್ನಡ ಬಾಸೆ|ಕನ್ನಡ]] * [[ತುಳು ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆ|ಗನ್ನಡ ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆ]] * [https://kn.wikisource.org/s/be9 ಮೈಸೂರು ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಲಯ ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ/ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ] == ಪಿದಯಿದ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ, ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ, ಕನ್ನಡ: ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಭಾಷಾ ಸಂಬಂಧೊಲು: [http://www.prajavani.net/news/article/2017/02/05/470193.html ಭಾಷೆಲೆನ ವಂಶಾವಳಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಸಮಾಜ.] [http://www.prajavani.net/news/article/2017/02/05/470193.html ಶೆಟ್ಟರ್;5 ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ, 2017] ಡ್ Archived * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060516000049/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucgadkw/position/salomon.html ಸುರುತ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಲಿಪಿಲೆನ ಮೂಲದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ: ವಾಷಿಂಗ್ಟನ್ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯದ ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ ಸಲೋಮನ್ ನ ಒಂಜಿ ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ ಲೇಖನ] ( [[Web Archive|archive.org]] ಮೂಲಕ) * [[Indian Institute of Science|ಭಾರತೀಯ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯ]] [http://brahmi.sourceforge.net/ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಯೋಜನೆ] * [http://www.ancientscripts.com/brahmi.html ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಲಿಪಿಗಳು – ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ] * [http://www.virtualvinodh.com/brahmi-lipitva ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿತ ಬೌದ್ಧ ಗ್ರಂಥ] * [http://www.bhashaindia.com/Pages/Home.aspx ವಿಂಡೋಸ್ ಇಂಡಿಕ್ ಸ್ಕ್ರಿಪ್ಟ್ ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್] ಡ್ Archived == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == {{Reflist}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಬಾಸೆಲು]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಭಾರತದ ಬಾಸೆಲು]] 80ibbvu1ac7z9267u33s63kpk46f6dj 366721 366720 2026-08-23T13:44:53Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writing system | name = ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ | altname = | sample = {{Photomontage|position=center | photo1a = Brahmi Varnamala.png{{!}}class=skin-invert-image | photo2a = Brahmi pillar inscription in Sarnath.jpg | size = 250 | spacing = 2 | color = 0 | border = 0 | foot_montage =}} | caption = {{ubl |(ಮಿತ್ತ್) ಆದುನಿಕ ಅಕ್ಷರೊಡು ಅಶೋಕನ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ ಚಾರ್ಟ್ | (ತಿರ್ತ್) ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಒಂಜಿ [[:en:Pillars of Ashoka|ಅಶೋಕ ಸ್ತಂಭ]] ಡ್ [[:en:Sarnath|ಸಾರನಾಥ]] ({{circa|250 BCE}}) }} | type = [[:en:Abugida|ಅಬುಗಿಡ]] | languages = [[ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ]], [[ಪಾಲಿ]], [[ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ]], [[:en:Saka language|ಸಾಕ]], [[:en:Old Uyghur|ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಉಯಿಘರ್]], [[:en:Tamil Brahmi|ತಮಿಳು]], [[:en:Tocharian languages|Tocharian]], [[:en:Elu]] | time = ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. 3ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ದ್{{sfn|Salomon|1998|pp=11–13}} ಕ್ರಿ.ಶ.5 ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊ ಮುಟ್ಟ | fam1 = [[:en:Egyptian hieroglyphs]] | fam2 = [[:en:Proto-Sinaitic script|Proto-Sinaitic]] | fam3 = [[:en:Phoenician alphabet|Phoenician]] | fam4 = [[:en:Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]] {{small|(disputed)}}{{sfn|Salomon|1996|p=378}}<ref name="Pillai2023">{{cite journal |last=Damodaram Pillai |first=Karan |year=2023 |title=The Hybrid Origin of Brāhmī Script from Aramaic, Phoenician and Greek Letters |journal=Indialogs |volume=10 |pages=93–122 |doi=10.5565/rev/indialogs.213 |quote=The origins of Brāhmī script have been mired in controversy for over a century... Aramaic has remained the leading candidate for the source of Brāhmī}}</ref><ref name="Coningham1996">{{cite journal |last1=Coningham |first1=Robin |last2=Allchin |first2=Frank Raymond |last3=Batt |first3=Catherine M. |last4=Lucy |first4=Dramani |year=1996 |title=Passage to India? Anuradhapura and the Early Use of the Brahmi Script |journal=Cambridge Archaeological Journal |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |doi=10.1017/S0959774300001608}}</ref> | sisters = [[:en:Kharosthi]] | children = {{clist|title=Brahmi-derived scripts| *[[:en:Gupta script|Gupta]] **[[:en:Siddham script|Siddham]] ***[[:en:Nagari script|Nagari]] ****[[:en:Devanagari script|Devanagari]] *****[[:en:Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics]] ******[[:en:Pollard script|Pollard]] ****[[:en:Kaithi script|Kaithi]] *****[[:en:Sylheti Nagri]] ****[[:en:Gujarati script|Gujarati]] ****[[:en:Modi script|Modi]] ***[[:en:Gaudi script|Gaudi]] ****[[:en:Newar script|Newar]] ****[[:en:Bhujimol script|Bhujimol]] ****[[ವRanjana script|Ranjana]] *****[[:en:Soyombo script|Soyombo]] ****[[:en:Bengali–Assamese script|Bengali-Assamese]] ****[[:en:Odia script|Odia]] **[[ವSharada script|Sharada]] ***[[:en:Laṇḍā script|Landa]] ****[[:en:Gurumukhi script|Gurumukhi]] ****[[:en:Khudabadi script|Khudabadi]] ****[[:en:Mahajani script|Mahajani]] **[[:en:Meitei script|Meitei]] **[[:en:Tibetan script|Tibetan]] ***[[:en:Phags-pa script|Phags-pa]] ****[[:en:Zanabazar square script|Zanabazar square]] **[[:en:Kalinga script|Kalinga]] **[[:en:Bhaiksuki script|Bhaiksuki]] *[[:en:Tamil-Brahmi]] **[[:en:Pallava script|Pallava]] ***[[:en:Kawi script|Kawi]] ****[[:en:Balinese script|Balinese]] *****[[:en:Sasak script|Sasak]] ****[[:en:Batak script|Batak]] *****Karo *****Mandailing *****Pakpak *****Simalungun *****Toba ****[[:en:Baybayin script|Baybayin]] *****[[:en:Buhid script|Buhid]] *****[[:en:Hanunoo script|Hanunoo]] *****[[:en:Tagbanwa script|Tagbanwa]] *****[[:en:Kulitan]] ****[[:en:Buda script|Buda]] ****[[:en:Javanese script|Javanese]] ****[[:en:Lontara script|Lontara]] *****[[:en:Lota Ende]] *****[[:en:Mbojo]] *****[[:en:Satera Jontal]] ****[[:en:Makasar script|Makasar]] ****[[:en:Sundanese script|Sundanese]] ****[[:en:Ulu scripts|Ulu]] *****[[:en:Incung script|Incung]] *****[[:en:Komering script|Komering]] *****[[:en:Lampung script|Lampung]] *****[[:en:Lembak]] *****[[:en:Ogan script|ಒಗನ್]] *****[[:en:Pasemah|ಪಸೆಮಃ]] *****[[:en:Rejang script|ರೆಜಾಂಗ್]] *****[[:en:Serawai|ಸೆರವಾಯಿ]] ***[[:en:Cham script|Cham]] ***[[:en:Khmer script|ಖಮೇರ್]] ****[[:en:Sukhothai script|ಸುಖೋತಾಯಿ]] *****[[:en:Thai script|ಥಾಯ್]] *****[[:en:Tai Noi script|ತೈ ನೋಯಿ]] ******[[:en:Lao script|ಲಾವೊ]] ***[[:en:Mon-Burmese script|ಮೂನ್-ಬರ್ಮೀಸ್]] ****[[:en:Chakma script|ಚಕ್ಮ]] ***[[:en:Tamil script|ತಮಿಳು]] ***[[:en:Grantha script|ಗ್ರಂಥ]] ****[[:en:Malayalam script|ಮಲಯಾಳಂ]] ****[[:en:Sinhala script|ಸಿಂಹಳ]] ****[[:en:Dives Akuru|ದಿವೆಸ್ ಅಕುರು]] **[[:en:Vatteluttu|ವತ್ತೆಲುಟ್ಟು]] *[[:en:Kadamba script|ಕದಂಬ]] **[[:en:Pyu script|ಪ್ಯು]] **[[:en:Telugu-Kannada script|ತೆಲುಗು ಕನ್ನಡ]] ***[[:en:Kannada script|ಕನ್ನಡ]] ***[[:en:Telugu script|ತೆಲುಗು]] *[[:en:Tocharian script|ಟೋಚಾರಿಯನ್]] }} | unicode = [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11000.pdf U+11000–U+1107F] | iso15924 = ಬ್ರಹ್ }} ಭಾರತೀಯ ಬಾಸೆಲೆಗ್ ಮೂಲ ಲಿಪಿಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. '''ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ''' ದಿಂಜ ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ದ ಲಿಪಿ. ಉಂದು ಏಷ್ಯಾದ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಲಿಪಿಲೆನ ಬುಲೆಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಕಾರಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="Salomon1998-p17a">{{harvnb|Salomon|1998|p=17}}. "Until the late nineteenth century, the script of the Aśokan (non-Kharosthi) inscriptions and its immediate derivatives was referred to by various names such as 'lath' or 'Lat', 'Southern Aśokan', 'Indian Pali', 'Mauryan', and so on. The application to it of the name Brahmi [''sc. lipi''], which stands at the head of the Buddhist and Jaina script lists, was first suggested by T[errien] de Lacouperie, who noted that in the Chinese Buddhist encyclopedia ''Fa yiian chu lin'' the scripts whose names corresponded to the Brahmi and Kharosthi of the ''Lalitavistara'' are described as written from left to right and from right to left, respectively. He therefore suggested that the name Brahmi should refer to the left-to-right 'Indo-Pali' script of the Aśokan pillar inscriptions, and Kharosthi to the right-to-left 'Bactro-Pali' script of the rock inscriptions from the northwest."</ref> ದೇವನಗರಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಬೇತೆ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಏಷ್ಯಾ, ಆಗ್ನೇಯ ಏಷ್ಯಾ, ಟಿಬೆಟಿಯನ್, ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಕೆಲವು ಜನಕುಲೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಕೊರಿಯನ್ ಲಿಪಿಲೆನ ಬುಲೆಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಉಂದು ಮೂಲ. <ref name="Salomon1998-p17b">{{harvnb|Salomon|1998|p=17}}. "...&nbsp;the Brahmi script appeared in the [[3rd century BC|third century BCE]] as a fully developed pan-Indian national script (sometimes used as a second script even within the proper territory of Kharosthi in the north-west) and continued to play this role throughout history, becoming the parent of all of the modern Indic scripts both within India and beyond. Thus, with the exceptions of the Indus script in the protohistoric period, of Kharosthi in the northwest in the ancient period, and of the Perso–Arabic and European scripts in the medieval and modern periods, respectively, the history of writing in India is virtually synonymous with the history of the Brahmi script and its derivatives."</ref> <ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brahmi|title=Brahmi|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|date=1999|quote=Among the many descendants of Brāhmī are Devanāgarī (used for Sanskrit, Hindi and other Indian languages), the Bengali and Gujarati scripts and those of the Dravidian languages|accessdate=2017-03-21|archivedate=2020-07-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719005559/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brahmi}}</ref> ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ ನಾಲ್ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಭಾರತೊಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಾತಾ ಬಾಸೆಲೆನ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಬಾಸೆಡ್ ಬರೆವೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ.ಡ್ ಪಾಣಿನಿ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಅಷ್ಟಾಧ್ಯಾಯಿ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ವ್ಯಾಕರಣೊದ ನಿಯಮೊಲೆನ್ ಪಾಲನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ 4ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು [[:kn:ಕನ್ನಡ|ಕನ್ನಡ]] ಲಿಪಿನ್ '''ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ'''ಡ್ ಬರೆಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಚರ್ಚೆಲು ಉಂಡು. ಮೌರ್ಯ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯೊದ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ [[:kn:ಅಶೋಕ|ಅಶೋಕೆರೆನ]] ಮಾತಾ ಶಾಸನೊಲು '''ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ'''ಡ್ ಬರೆತಿನವು. "ಸುರುತ ತೀರ್ಥಂಕರ ವೃಷಭದೇವೆರ್ ಮಗಲ್ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಸುಂದರಿಗ್ ಕನ್ನಡ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆನ್ ವಿವರಿಸದ್ ಕೊರ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ ಈ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆನ್ 'ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆನ್ 'ಸುಂದರಿ ಲಿಪಿ' ಪಂದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್." ಸಿರಿ ಭೋಜ್ವಾಯೆ ಈ ವಿಚಾರೊನು ಬಾರೀ ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾದ್ ತೆರಿಪಾದ್ಂಡ್. == ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿತ ಮೂಲೊ == ಅಯಿತ ಮೂಲದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆನ ಬಿನ್ನಾಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಇಂದೆನ್ ಮುಕ್ಯವಾದ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಇಬಾಗೊಗು ಮಲ್ಪೊಲಿ. # ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿತ ಪುಟ್ಟುಗು ಪಿದಯಿ ದೇಸೊದ ಲಿಪಿಕ್ಲೇ ಆದಾರೊ. ಈ ಲಿಪಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊಂಜಿ ದೇಶಡ್ ಉದ್ಭವ ಆದ್, ಭಾರತೊಗು ವಲಸೆ ಬತ್ತ್‌ನಕ್ಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತ್‌ದ್, ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಮುಲ್ಪ ಬುಳೆಚಿಲ್ ಪಡೆವೊಂಡ್ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆನ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊ. ಅಕ್ಲೆಡ್ ಜೇಮ್ಸ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸೆಪ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿತ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ೧೯ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರೂಟೆ ಅದ್ಯಯನ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್, ಉಂದು ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಲಿಪಿಡ್ದ್ ಬುಳೆಯಿನ ಪನ್ಪುನ ತೀರ್ಮಾನೊಗು ಬತ್ತೆ. ಹೆಲೆವಿ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ಉಂದು ಖರೋಷ್ಠಿ, ಅರಮೇಯಿಕ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಲಿಪಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಮಿಶ್ರನೊ. ಇಂದೆತ ಪುಟ್ಟು ಕ್ರಿ. ಪೂ. ನಾಲನೇ ಶತಮಾನಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ ಪನ್ತೆರ್. ಟೆರೆನ್ ಡೆ ಲಾ ಕೊಪಿರೆ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ಉಂದು ಚೀನಾದ ಚಿತ್ರಲಿಪಿಡ್ದ್ (ಪಿಕ್ಟೋಗ್ರಾಫ್) ಬುಲೆಯಿನ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ವಾದ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆ. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಸಿಮಿಟಕ್ ಲಿಪಿಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತ್‌ನೆ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ನಿರ್ಣಯೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆಡ್ ಡಿ.ಕೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕ್ಯಾನನ್ ಐಸಾಕ್ ಟೈಲರ್ ಪ್ರಮುಕೆರ್.. ಬ್ಯೂಲರ್, ವೆಬರ್, ಬೆನ್ಛೇ, ಜೆನ್ಸನ್ ಮುಕುಲು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿಗ್ ಫಿನೀಷಿಯನ್ ಲಿಪಿಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಹೋಲಿಕೆ ಇತ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದ್ ಫಿನೀಷಿಯನ್ ಲಿಪಿಯೇ ಇಂದೆತ ಪುಟ್ಟುಗು ಕಾರಣೊಂದ್ ವಾದೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದೆರ್. # ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಭಾರತೊದ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರೊ ಲಿಪಿ. ಉಂದು ಮೂಲತಃ ಭಾರತೊದ ಲಿಪಿಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆಡ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗುಂಪುಲು ಉಲ್ಲೊ ೧. ಆರ್ಯರ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನೆ ಪನ್ಪುನಕುಲು ೨. ಮೂಲ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಲಿಪಿಂದ್ ವಾದ ಮಲ್ಪುನಕುಲು. ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್, ಕನ್ನಿಂಗ್‍ಹ್ಯಾಮ್, ಲಸ್ಸೆನ್ ಮೆಕ್ಲ್ ವೈದಿಕ ಕಾಲೊದ ಜನಕ್ಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಆರ್ಯರೆಡ್ದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಲಿಪಿತ ಆದಾರೊದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊ ಪಡೆತೆರ್. ಉದಾರ್ಮೆಗ್ ರ-ರಜ್ಜು (ಬಳ್ಳ್). ಮ-ಮುಖ(ಮೋರೆ), ನ-ನಾಸ (ಮೂಂಕು) ಶ-ಶ್ರವಣ (ಕೆಬಿ/ಕಿವಿ) ಇಂಚ. == ಲಿಪಿತ ಮೂಲ | == ಎಡ್ವರ್ಡ್ ಥಾಮಸ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಟಿ.ಎನ್. ಈ ಲಿಪಿ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಮೂಲದಂದ್ ಸುಬ್ರಮಣ್ಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಆರ್ಯೆರ್ ಬರ್ಪಿನೆಗ್ ದುಂಬೇ ದ್ರಾವಿಡೆರ್ ಭಾರತೊಡು ನಿಲೆ ಆದಿತ್ತಿನಕ್ಲೆನ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್ ಒಪ್ಪೊನುವೆರ್. ಆರ್ಯ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ್ರಾವಿಡೆರ್‌ನ ಬಾರೀ ಪ್ರಬಾವೊ ಇತ್ತಿನೆರ್ದಾತ್ರೊ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಉದಿಪನೊಗು ದ್ರಾವಿಡೆರ್ ಕಾರಣೆರ್, ಈ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಆರ್ಯೆರ್ ಬುಲೆಪಾಯೆರ್ಂದ್ ಕೆಲವು ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್ ಊಹೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದೆರ್. ಈ ಲಿಪಿ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಡ್ದ್ ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನವು ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ವಾದೊ. ಬ್ರಹ್ಮವಿದ್ಯೆನ್ ಕಲ್ಪುನೆಕ್ಕಾದ್ ಉದ್ಭವೊ ಆಯಿನ ಈ ಲಿಪಿಗ್ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಪಂದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬತ್ತ್‌ದ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊನ್ ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ಒಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಉಂದೆತ ಉದ್ಭವ ಭಾರತೊಡೇ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆಗ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆಗ್ ಸಿಂಧೂಲಿಪಿ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸಹಕಾರಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಡ್ ಲಿಪಿತ ಬಳಕೆ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ವಿಚಾರೊ ೧೯೨೩ಡ್ ನಡತ್‌ನ ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆದ ಶೋದನೆದ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ (ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. ೨೫೦೦-೧೮೦೦) ತೆರಿದ್ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಸಿಂಧೂ ಲಿಪಿತ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಅದ್ಯಯನೊ ನಾನಲ ಆವೊಡಾಯಿನೆಡ್ದ್ ಅವು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿತ ಪೂರ್ವರೂಪಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆ ಸರಿ ಅತ್ತ್. ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್ ಉಂದು ಸಾಮ್ರಾಟ್ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬೇ ಬಳಕೆಡ್ ಇತ್ತ್‌ದ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ಉಂದು ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲಡ್ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ಗೊತ್ತಿತ್ತ್‌ನ ಪಂಡಿತರೆಡ್ದ್ ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲಡ್ ಪುಟ್ಟುಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆಗ್ ಎಸ್. ಶಂಕರ ನಾರಾಯಣನ್ ನಾಲ್ ಕಾರಣೊಲೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. ೧. ಅಶೋಕಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬು ಬರೆತಿನಂಚಿನ ಲಿಖಿತ ಆದಾರೊಲು ತಿಕ್ಕಂದೆ ಇಪ್ಪುನೆ (ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆದ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಬುಡ್ತ್). ೨. ಮೆಗಾಸ್ತನೀಸ್ ಚಂದ್ರಗುಪ್ತ ಮೌರ್ಯನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಭಾರತೊಗು ಬನ್ನಾಗ ಭಾರತೊಡ್ ಬರೆಪುನೆ ಗೊತ್ತಿಜ್ಜಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಹೇಳಿಕೆ ಕೊರ್ತಿನವು. ೩. ಬೌದ್ಧ ಬಿಕ್ಕುಲೆಗ್ (ಅಶೋಕಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬು) ಬುದ್ಧನ ಉಪದೇಸೊಲೆನ್ ಬಾಯಿ ಪಾತೆರೊಡೇ (ಮೌಕಿಕವಾದ್) ಉಪದೇಶ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತಿನವು. ೪. ಅಶೋಕನ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಡ್ ಹೆಚ್ನದ ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸೊಲು (ಪ್ರಾಂತೀಯ ಬೇದೊಲು) ಇದ್ಯಾಂದೆ ಇಪ್ಪುನೆ. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. ಮೂಜಿನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಸುರುತ ಬಾಗೊಡು ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಎಸ್.ಆರ್. ಗೋಯಲ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಡಿ.ಸಿ. ಸರ್ಕಾರ್, ಟಿ., ಈ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊಗು ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಆವಿಸ್ಕಾರೊ ಆಯಿಜಿಂದ್ ಪಿ.ವರ್ಮೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಅಶೋಕೆರ್ ಈ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪಾಲಿ ಬಾಸೆನ್ ಗಳಸೊಂದು ಬೌದ್ಧ ದರ್ಮನ್ ಪ್ರಚಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪುನವು ತೆರಿಯುಂಡು. ಈ ಮಾತಾ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಪುಟ್ಟುದು ಬತ್ತ್‌ನವು ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಅಶೋಕಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬೇ ಇತ್ತ್‌ನ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಬುಲೆಪಾಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆನ್ ನಿಗಂಟಾದ್ ಪನ್‌ಯರ ಸಾದ್ಯೊ ಇದ್ದಿ, ಆಂಡ ಅಯಿತ ಬುಲೆಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಅಶೋಕೆನೆ ಕಾರಣೊಂದ್ ಪನೊಲಿ. ಅಶೋಕನ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಭಾರತೊದ ಸರಳ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪೊರ್ಲುದ ಲಿಪಿ. ಇಂದೆಟ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಲಂಬ ರೇಕೆಲು ಉಂಡು. ಶತಮಾನೊಲು ಕರಿನಂಚನೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ವಿಕಸನೊ ಆದ್ ಕುಷಣ, ಕ್ಷತ್ರಪ, ಶತವಾಹನ, ಗುಪ್ತ ವಂಸೊಲೆನ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆದ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಮಸ್ತ್ ರೂಪೊನ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನವು. == ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ == {| class="wikitable" !ಕ್ರ.ಸಂ. !ಧ್ವನಿ(Approx.Phoen.sound) !ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಿ(Direct Brahmi(IAST value)) !ಬದಲಾವಣೆ(Secondarily Derived Brahmi) |- |1 |ʾ [ʔ], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_a.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_a.svg|15x15px]] (a) |ಅ |- |2 |b [b] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_bh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_bh.svg|15x15px]] (ba) |ಬ - [[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_bh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_bh.svg|15x15px]] (bha) |- |3 |g [ɡ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_g.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_g.svg|15x15px]] (ga) |ಗ, (ಘ)- Bhattiprolu gh |- |4 |d [d] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_dh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_dh.svg|15x15px]] (dha) |ಧ -[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_d.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_d.svg|15x15px]] (da), (ḍa), (ḍha) |- |5 |h [h], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_h.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_h.svg|15x15px]] (ha) |ಹ |- |6 |w [w], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_v.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_v.svg|15x15px]] (va |ವ (u), (o)) |- |7 |z [z] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_j.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_j.svg|15x15px]] (ja) |ಜ,ಝ- (jha) |- |8 |ḥ [ħ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_gh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_gh.svg|15x15px]] (gha) |ಘ |- |9 |ṭ [tˤ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_th.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_th.svg|15x15px]] (tha) |ಥ (ṭa), (ṭha) |- |10 |y [j], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_y.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_y.svg|15x15px]] (ya) |ಯ |- |11 |k [k] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_k.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_k.svg|15x15px]] (ka |ಕ |- |12 |l [l] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_l.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_l.svg|15x15px]] (la) |ಲ, Bhattiprolu ḷ |- |13 |m [m] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_m.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_m.svg|15x15px]] (ma) |ಮ, (ಂ) anusvara |- |14 |n [n] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_n.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_n.svg|15x15px]] (na) |ನ, (ṇa) |- |15 |s [s] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_ss.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_ss.svg|15x15px]] (ṣa) |ಸ, (sa) |- |16 |ʿ [ʕ], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_e.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_e.svg|15x15px]] (e) |ಏ, ಐ (i), (ai) |- |17 |p [p] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_ph.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_ph.svg|15x15px]] (pa) |ಪ, (pha) |- |18 |ṣ [sˤ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_c.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_c.svg|15x15px]] (ca) |ಚ, (cha) |- |19 |q [q] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_kh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_kh.svg|15x15px]] (kha)1 |ಖ, |- |20 |r [r] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_r.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_r.svg|15x15px]](ra) |ರ |- |21 |š [ʃ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_sh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_sh.svg|15x15px]] (śa) |ಶ (ಷ) |- |22 |t [t] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_t.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_t.svg|15x15px]] (ta) |ತ |- |} == ತೂಲೆ == * [[ಕನ್ನಡ ಬಾಸೆ|ಕನ್ನಡ]] * [[ತುಳು ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆ|ಗನ್ನಡ ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆ]] * [https://kn.wikisource.org/s/be9 ಮೈಸೂರು ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಲಯ ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ/ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ] == ಪಿದಯಿದ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ, ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ, ಕನ್ನಡ: ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಭಾಷಾ ಸಂಬಂಧೊಲು: [http://www.prajavani.net/news/article/2017/02/05/470193.html ಭಾಷೆಲೆನ ವಂಶಾವಳಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಸಮಾಜ.] [http://www.prajavani.net/news/article/2017/02/05/470193.html ಶೆಟ್ಟರ್;5 ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ, 2017] ಡ್ Archived * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060516000049/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucgadkw/position/salomon.html ಸುರುತ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಲಿಪಿಲೆನ ಮೂಲದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ: ವಾಷಿಂಗ್ಟನ್ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯದ ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ ಸಲೋಮನ್ ನ ಒಂಜಿ ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ ಲೇಖನ] ( [[Web Archive|archive.org]] ಮೂಲಕ) * [[Indian Institute of Science|ಭಾರತೀಯ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯ]] [http://brahmi.sourceforge.net/ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಯೋಜನೆ] * [http://www.ancientscripts.com/brahmi.html ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಲಿಪಿಗಳು – ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ] * [http://www.virtualvinodh.com/brahmi-lipitva ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿತ ಬೌದ್ಧ ಗ್ರಂಥ] * [http://www.bhashaindia.com/Pages/Home.aspx ವಿಂಡೋಸ್ ಇಂಡಿಕ್ ಸ್ಕ್ರಿಪ್ಟ್ ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್] ಡ್ Archived == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == {{Reflist}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಬಾಸೆಲು]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಭಾರತದ ಬಾಸೆಲು]] onqdtr9y06pn8ldo2fo0w9suh3kvova 366722 366721 2026-08-23T13:46:18Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writing system | name = ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ | altname = | sample = {{Photomontage|position=center | photo1a = Brahmi Varnamala.png{{!}}class=skin-invert-image | photo2a = Brahmi pillar inscription in Sarnath.jpg | size = 250 | spacing = 2 | color = 0 | border = 0 | foot_montage =}} | caption = {{ubl |(ಮಿತ್ತ್) ಆದುನಿಕ ಅಕ್ಷರೊಡು ಅಶೋಕನ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ ಚಾರ್ಟ್ | (ತಿರ್ತ್) ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಒಂಜಿ [[:en:Pillars of Ashoka|ಅಶೋಕ ಸ್ತಂಭ]] ಡ್ [[:en:Sarnath|ಸಾರನಾಥ]] ({{circa|250 BCE}}) }} | type = [[:en:Abugida|ಅಬುಗಿಡ]] | languages = [[ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ]], [[ಪಾಲಿ]], [[ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ]], [[:en:Saka language|ಸಾಕ]], [[:en:Old Uyghur|ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಉಯಿಘರ್]], [[:en:Tamil Brahmi|ತಮಿಳು]], [[:en:Tocharian languages|Tocharian]], [[:en:Elu]] | time = ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. 3ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ದ್{{sfn|Salomon|1998|pp=11–13}} ಕ್ರಿ.ಶ.5 ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊ ಮುಟ್ಟ | fam1 = [[:en:Egyptian hieroglyphs|ಈಜಿಪ್ಟಿಯನ್ ಚಿತ್ರಲಿಪಿಲು]] | fam2 = [[:en:Proto-Sinaitic script|Proto-Sinaitic]] | fam3 = [[:en:Phoenician alphabet|ಫೀನಿಷಿಯನ್]] | fam4 = [[:en:Aramaic alphabet|Aramaic]] {{small|(disputed)}}{{sfn|Salomon|1996|p=378}}<ref name="Pillai2023">{{cite journal |last=Damodaram Pillai |first=Karan |year=2023 |title=The Hybrid Origin of Brāhmī Script from Aramaic, Phoenician and Greek Letters |journal=Indialogs |volume=10 |pages=93–122 |doi=10.5565/rev/indialogs.213 |quote=The origins of Brāhmī script have been mired in controversy for over a century... Aramaic has remained the leading candidate for the source of Brāhmī}}</ref><ref name="Coningham1996">{{cite journal |last1=Coningham |first1=Robin |last2=Allchin |first2=Frank Raymond |last3=Batt |first3=Catherine M. |last4=Lucy |first4=Dramani |year=1996 |title=Passage to India? Anuradhapura and the Early Use of the Brahmi Script |journal=Cambridge Archaeological Journal |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |doi=10.1017/S0959774300001608}}</ref> | sisters = [[:en:Kharosthi|Kharosthi]] | children = {{clist|title=Brahmi-derived scripts| *[[:en:Gupta script|Gupta]] **[[:en:Siddham script|Siddham]] ***[[:en:Nagari script|Nagari]] ****[[:en:Devanagari script|Devanagari]] *****[[:en:Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics]] ******[[:en:Pollard script|Pollard]] ****[[:en:Kaithi script|Kaithi]] *****[[:en:Sylheti Nagri]] ****[[:en:Gujarati script|Gujarati]] ****[[:en:Modi script|Modi]] ***[[:en:Gaudi script|Gaudi]] ****[[:en:Newar script|Newar]] ****[[:en:Bhujimol script|Bhujimol]] ****[[ವRanjana script|Ranjana]] *****[[:en:Soyombo script|Soyombo]] ****[[:en:Bengali–Assamese script|Bengali-Assamese]] ****[[:en:Odia script|Odia]] **[[ವSharada script|Sharada]] ***[[:en:Laṇḍā script|Landa]] ****[[:en:Gurumukhi script|Gurumukhi]] ****[[:en:Khudabadi script|Khudabadi]] ****[[:en:Mahajani script|Mahajani]] **[[:en:Meitei script|Meitei]] **[[:en:Tibetan script|Tibetan]] ***[[:en:Phags-pa script|Phags-pa]] ****[[:en:Zanabazar square script|Zanabazar square]] **[[:en:Kalinga script|Kalinga]] **[[:en:Bhaiksuki script|Bhaiksuki]] *[[:en:Tamil-Brahmi]] **[[:en:Pallava script|Pallava]] ***[[:en:Kawi script|Kawi]] ****[[:en:Balinese script|Balinese]] *****[[:en:Sasak script|Sasak]] ****[[:en:Batak script|Batak]] *****Karo *****Mandailing *****Pakpak *****Simalungun *****Toba ****[[:en:Baybayin script|Baybayin]] *****[[:en:Buhid script|Buhid]] *****[[:en:Hanunoo script|Hanunoo]] *****[[:en:Tagbanwa script|Tagbanwa]] *****[[:en:Kulitan]] ****[[:en:Buda script|Buda]] ****[[:en:Javanese script|Javanese]] ****[[:en:Lontara script|Lontara]] *****[[:en:Lota Ende]] *****[[:en:Mbojo]] *****[[:en:Satera Jontal]] ****[[:en:Makasar script|Makasar]] ****[[:en:Sundanese script|Sundanese]] ****[[:en:Ulu scripts|Ulu]] *****[[:en:Incung script|Incung]] *****[[:en:Komering script|Komering]] *****[[:en:Lampung script|Lampung]] *****[[:en:Lembak]] *****[[:en:Ogan script|ಒಗನ್]] *****[[:en:Pasemah|ಪಸೆಮಃ]] *****[[:en:Rejang script|ರೆಜಾಂಗ್]] *****[[:en:Serawai|ಸೆರವಾಯಿ]] ***[[:en:Cham script|Cham]] ***[[:en:Khmer script|ಖಮೇರ್]] ****[[:en:Sukhothai script|ಸುಖೋತಾಯಿ]] *****[[:en:Thai script|ಥಾಯ್]] *****[[:en:Tai Noi script|ತೈ ನೋಯಿ]] ******[[:en:Lao script|ಲಾವೊ]] ***[[:en:Mon-Burmese script|ಮೂನ್-ಬರ್ಮೀಸ್]] ****[[:en:Chakma script|ಚಕ್ಮ]] ***[[:en:Tamil script|ತಮಿಳು]] ***[[:en:Grantha script|ಗ್ರಂಥ]] ****[[:en:Malayalam script|ಮಲಯಾಳಂ]] ****[[:en:Sinhala script|ಸಿಂಹಳ]] ****[[:en:Dives Akuru|ದಿವೆಸ್ ಅಕುರು]] **[[:en:Vatteluttu|ವತ್ತೆಲುಟ್ಟು]] *[[:en:Kadamba script|ಕದಂಬ]] **[[:en:Pyu script|ಪ್ಯು]] **[[:en:Telugu-Kannada script|ತೆಲುಗು ಕನ್ನಡ]] ***[[:en:Kannada script|ಕನ್ನಡ]] ***[[:en:Telugu script|ತೆಲುಗು]] *[[:en:Tocharian script|ಟೋಚಾರಿಯನ್]] }} | unicode = [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11000.pdf U+11000–U+1107F] | iso15924 = ಬ್ರಹ್ }} ಭಾರತೀಯ ಬಾಸೆಲೆಗ್ ಮೂಲ ಲಿಪಿಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. '''ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ''' ದಿಂಜ ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ದ ಲಿಪಿ. ಉಂದು ಏಷ್ಯಾದ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಲಿಪಿಲೆನ ಬುಲೆಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಕಾರಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="Salomon1998-p17a">{{harvnb|Salomon|1998|p=17}}. "Until the late nineteenth century, the script of the Aśokan (non-Kharosthi) inscriptions and its immediate derivatives was referred to by various names such as 'lath' or 'Lat', 'Southern Aśokan', 'Indian Pali', 'Mauryan', and so on. The application to it of the name Brahmi [''sc. lipi''], which stands at the head of the Buddhist and Jaina script lists, was first suggested by T[errien] de Lacouperie, who noted that in the Chinese Buddhist encyclopedia ''Fa yiian chu lin'' the scripts whose names corresponded to the Brahmi and Kharosthi of the ''Lalitavistara'' are described as written from left to right and from right to left, respectively. He therefore suggested that the name Brahmi should refer to the left-to-right 'Indo-Pali' script of the Aśokan pillar inscriptions, and Kharosthi to the right-to-left 'Bactro-Pali' script of the rock inscriptions from the northwest."</ref> ದೇವನಗರಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಬೇತೆ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಏಷ್ಯಾ, ಆಗ್ನೇಯ ಏಷ್ಯಾ, ಟಿಬೆಟಿಯನ್, ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಕೆಲವು ಜನಕುಲೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಕೊರಿಯನ್ ಲಿಪಿಲೆನ ಬುಲೆಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಉಂದು ಮೂಲ. <ref name="Salomon1998-p17b">{{harvnb|Salomon|1998|p=17}}. "...&nbsp;the Brahmi script appeared in the [[3rd century BC|third century BCE]] as a fully developed pan-Indian national script (sometimes used as a second script even within the proper territory of Kharosthi in the north-west) and continued to play this role throughout history, becoming the parent of all of the modern Indic scripts both within India and beyond. Thus, with the exceptions of the Indus script in the protohistoric period, of Kharosthi in the northwest in the ancient period, and of the Perso–Arabic and European scripts in the medieval and modern periods, respectively, the history of writing in India is virtually synonymous with the history of the Brahmi script and its derivatives."</ref> <ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brahmi|title=Brahmi|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|date=1999|quote=Among the many descendants of Brāhmī are Devanāgarī (used for Sanskrit, Hindi and other Indian languages), the Bengali and Gujarati scripts and those of the Dravidian languages|accessdate=2017-03-21|archivedate=2020-07-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719005559/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brahmi}}</ref> ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ ನಾಲ್ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಭಾರತೊಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಾತಾ ಬಾಸೆಲೆನ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಬಾಸೆಡ್ ಬರೆವೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ.ಡ್ ಪಾಣಿನಿ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಅಷ್ಟಾಧ್ಯಾಯಿ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ವ್ಯಾಕರಣೊದ ನಿಯಮೊಲೆನ್ ಪಾಲನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ 4ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು [[:kn:ಕನ್ನಡ|ಕನ್ನಡ]] ಲಿಪಿನ್ '''ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ'''ಡ್ ಬರೆಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಚರ್ಚೆಲು ಉಂಡು. ಮೌರ್ಯ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯೊದ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ [[:kn:ಅಶೋಕ|ಅಶೋಕೆರೆನ]] ಮಾತಾ ಶಾಸನೊಲು '''ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ'''ಡ್ ಬರೆತಿನವು. "ಸುರುತ ತೀರ್ಥಂಕರ ವೃಷಭದೇವೆರ್ ಮಗಲ್ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಸುಂದರಿಗ್ ಕನ್ನಡ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆನ್ ವಿವರಿಸದ್ ಕೊರ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ ಈ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆನ್ 'ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆನ್ 'ಸುಂದರಿ ಲಿಪಿ' ಪಂದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್." ಸಿರಿ ಭೋಜ್ವಾಯೆ ಈ ವಿಚಾರೊನು ಬಾರೀ ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾದ್ ತೆರಿಪಾದ್ಂಡ್. == ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿತ ಮೂಲೊ == ಅಯಿತ ಮೂಲದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆನ ಬಿನ್ನಾಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಇಂದೆನ್ ಮುಕ್ಯವಾದ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಇಬಾಗೊಗು ಮಲ್ಪೊಲಿ. # ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿತ ಪುಟ್ಟುಗು ಪಿದಯಿ ದೇಸೊದ ಲಿಪಿಕ್ಲೇ ಆದಾರೊ. ಈ ಲಿಪಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊಂಜಿ ದೇಶಡ್ ಉದ್ಭವ ಆದ್, ಭಾರತೊಗು ವಲಸೆ ಬತ್ತ್‌ನಕ್ಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತ್‌ದ್, ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಮುಲ್ಪ ಬುಳೆಚಿಲ್ ಪಡೆವೊಂಡ್ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆನ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊ. ಅಕ್ಲೆಡ್ ಜೇಮ್ಸ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸೆಪ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿತ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ೧೯ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರೂಟೆ ಅದ್ಯಯನ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್, ಉಂದು ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಲಿಪಿಡ್ದ್ ಬುಳೆಯಿನ ಪನ್ಪುನ ತೀರ್ಮಾನೊಗು ಬತ್ತೆ. ಹೆಲೆವಿ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ಉಂದು ಖರೋಷ್ಠಿ, ಅರಮೇಯಿಕ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಲಿಪಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಮಿಶ್ರನೊ. ಇಂದೆತ ಪುಟ್ಟು ಕ್ರಿ. ಪೂ. ನಾಲನೇ ಶತಮಾನಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ ಪನ್ತೆರ್. ಟೆರೆನ್ ಡೆ ಲಾ ಕೊಪಿರೆ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ಉಂದು ಚೀನಾದ ಚಿತ್ರಲಿಪಿಡ್ದ್ (ಪಿಕ್ಟೋಗ್ರಾಫ್) ಬುಲೆಯಿನ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ವಾದ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆ. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಸಿಮಿಟಕ್ ಲಿಪಿಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತ್‌ನೆ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ನಿರ್ಣಯೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆಡ್ ಡಿ.ಕೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕ್ಯಾನನ್ ಐಸಾಕ್ ಟೈಲರ್ ಪ್ರಮುಕೆರ್.. ಬ್ಯೂಲರ್, ವೆಬರ್, ಬೆನ್ಛೇ, ಜೆನ್ಸನ್ ಮುಕುಲು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿಗ್ ಫಿನೀಷಿಯನ್ ಲಿಪಿಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಹೋಲಿಕೆ ಇತ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದ್ ಫಿನೀಷಿಯನ್ ಲಿಪಿಯೇ ಇಂದೆತ ಪುಟ್ಟುಗು ಕಾರಣೊಂದ್ ವಾದೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದೆರ್. # ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಭಾರತೊದ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರೊ ಲಿಪಿ. ಉಂದು ಮೂಲತಃ ಭಾರತೊದ ಲಿಪಿಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆಡ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗುಂಪುಲು ಉಲ್ಲೊ ೧. ಆರ್ಯರ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನೆ ಪನ್ಪುನಕುಲು ೨. ಮೂಲ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಲಿಪಿಂದ್ ವಾದ ಮಲ್ಪುನಕುಲು. ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್, ಕನ್ನಿಂಗ್‍ಹ್ಯಾಮ್, ಲಸ್ಸೆನ್ ಮೆಕ್ಲ್ ವೈದಿಕ ಕಾಲೊದ ಜನಕ್ಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಆರ್ಯರೆಡ್ದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಲಿಪಿತ ಆದಾರೊದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊ ಪಡೆತೆರ್. ಉದಾರ್ಮೆಗ್ ರ-ರಜ್ಜು (ಬಳ್ಳ್). ಮ-ಮುಖ(ಮೋರೆ), ನ-ನಾಸ (ಮೂಂಕು) ಶ-ಶ್ರವಣ (ಕೆಬಿ/ಕಿವಿ) ಇಂಚ. == ಲಿಪಿತ ಮೂಲ | == ಎಡ್ವರ್ಡ್ ಥಾಮಸ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಟಿ.ಎನ್. ಈ ಲಿಪಿ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಮೂಲದಂದ್ ಸುಬ್ರಮಣ್ಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಆರ್ಯೆರ್ ಬರ್ಪಿನೆಗ್ ದುಂಬೇ ದ್ರಾವಿಡೆರ್ ಭಾರತೊಡು ನಿಲೆ ಆದಿತ್ತಿನಕ್ಲೆನ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್ ಒಪ್ಪೊನುವೆರ್. ಆರ್ಯ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ್ರಾವಿಡೆರ್‌ನ ಬಾರೀ ಪ್ರಬಾವೊ ಇತ್ತಿನೆರ್ದಾತ್ರೊ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಉದಿಪನೊಗು ದ್ರಾವಿಡೆರ್ ಕಾರಣೆರ್, ಈ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಆರ್ಯೆರ್ ಬುಲೆಪಾಯೆರ್ಂದ್ ಕೆಲವು ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್ ಊಹೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದೆರ್. ಈ ಲಿಪಿ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಡ್ದ್ ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನವು ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ವಾದೊ. ಬ್ರಹ್ಮವಿದ್ಯೆನ್ ಕಲ್ಪುನೆಕ್ಕಾದ್ ಉದ್ಭವೊ ಆಯಿನ ಈ ಲಿಪಿಗ್ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಪಂದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬತ್ತ್‌ದ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊನ್ ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ಒಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಉಂದೆತ ಉದ್ಭವ ಭಾರತೊಡೇ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆಗ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆಗ್ ಸಿಂಧೂಲಿಪಿ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸಹಕಾರಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಡ್ ಲಿಪಿತ ಬಳಕೆ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ವಿಚಾರೊ ೧೯೨೩ಡ್ ನಡತ್‌ನ ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆದ ಶೋದನೆದ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ (ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. ೨೫೦೦-೧೮೦೦) ತೆರಿದ್ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಸಿಂಧೂ ಲಿಪಿತ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಅದ್ಯಯನೊ ನಾನಲ ಆವೊಡಾಯಿನೆಡ್ದ್ ಅವು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿತ ಪೂರ್ವರೂಪಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆ ಸರಿ ಅತ್ತ್. ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್ ಉಂದು ಸಾಮ್ರಾಟ್ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬೇ ಬಳಕೆಡ್ ಇತ್ತ್‌ದ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ಉಂದು ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲಡ್ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ಗೊತ್ತಿತ್ತ್‌ನ ಪಂಡಿತರೆಡ್ದ್ ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲಡ್ ಪುಟ್ಟುಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆಗ್ ಎಸ್. ಶಂಕರ ನಾರಾಯಣನ್ ನಾಲ್ ಕಾರಣೊಲೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. ೧. ಅಶೋಕಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬು ಬರೆತಿನಂಚಿನ ಲಿಖಿತ ಆದಾರೊಲು ತಿಕ್ಕಂದೆ ಇಪ್ಪುನೆ (ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆದ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಬುಡ್ತ್). ೨. ಮೆಗಾಸ್ತನೀಸ್ ಚಂದ್ರಗುಪ್ತ ಮೌರ್ಯನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಭಾರತೊಗು ಬನ್ನಾಗ ಭಾರತೊಡ್ ಬರೆಪುನೆ ಗೊತ್ತಿಜ್ಜಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಹೇಳಿಕೆ ಕೊರ್ತಿನವು. ೩. ಬೌದ್ಧ ಬಿಕ್ಕುಲೆಗ್ (ಅಶೋಕಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬು) ಬುದ್ಧನ ಉಪದೇಸೊಲೆನ್ ಬಾಯಿ ಪಾತೆರೊಡೇ (ಮೌಕಿಕವಾದ್) ಉಪದೇಶ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತಿನವು. ೪. ಅಶೋಕನ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಡ್ ಹೆಚ್ನದ ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸೊಲು (ಪ್ರಾಂತೀಯ ಬೇದೊಲು) ಇದ್ಯಾಂದೆ ಇಪ್ಪುನೆ. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. ಮೂಜಿನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಸುರುತ ಬಾಗೊಡು ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಎಸ್.ಆರ್. ಗೋಯಲ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಡಿ.ಸಿ. ಸರ್ಕಾರ್, ಟಿ., ಈ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊಗು ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಆವಿಸ್ಕಾರೊ ಆಯಿಜಿಂದ್ ಪಿ.ವರ್ಮೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಅಶೋಕೆರ್ ಈ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪಾಲಿ ಬಾಸೆನ್ ಗಳಸೊಂದು ಬೌದ್ಧ ದರ್ಮನ್ ಪ್ರಚಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪುನವು ತೆರಿಯುಂಡು. ಈ ಮಾತಾ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಪುಟ್ಟುದು ಬತ್ತ್‌ನವು ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಅಶೋಕಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬೇ ಇತ್ತ್‌ನ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಬುಲೆಪಾಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆನ್ ನಿಗಂಟಾದ್ ಪನ್‌ಯರ ಸಾದ್ಯೊ ಇದ್ದಿ, ಆಂಡ ಅಯಿತ ಬುಲೆಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಅಶೋಕೆನೆ ಕಾರಣೊಂದ್ ಪನೊಲಿ. ಅಶೋಕನ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಭಾರತೊದ ಸರಳ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪೊರ್ಲುದ ಲಿಪಿ. ಇಂದೆಟ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಲಂಬ ರೇಕೆಲು ಉಂಡು. ಶತಮಾನೊಲು ಕರಿನಂಚನೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ವಿಕಸನೊ ಆದ್ ಕುಷಣ, ಕ್ಷತ್ರಪ, ಶತವಾಹನ, ಗುಪ್ತ ವಂಸೊಲೆನ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆದ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಮಸ್ತ್ ರೂಪೊನ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನವು. == ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ == {| class="wikitable" !ಕ್ರ.ಸಂ. !ಧ್ವನಿ(Approx.Phoen.sound) !ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಿ(Direct Brahmi(IAST value)) !ಬದಲಾವಣೆ(Secondarily Derived Brahmi) |- |1 |ʾ [ʔ], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_a.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_a.svg|15x15px]] (a) |ಅ |- |2 |b [b] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_bh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_bh.svg|15x15px]] (ba) |ಬ - [[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_bh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_bh.svg|15x15px]] (bha) |- |3 |g [ɡ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_g.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_g.svg|15x15px]] (ga) |ಗ, (ಘ)- Bhattiprolu gh |- |4 |d [d] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_dh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_dh.svg|15x15px]] (dha) |ಧ -[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_d.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_d.svg|15x15px]] (da), (ḍa), (ḍha) |- |5 |h [h], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_h.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_h.svg|15x15px]] (ha) |ಹ |- |6 |w [w], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_v.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_v.svg|15x15px]] (va |ವ (u), (o)) |- |7 |z [z] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_j.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_j.svg|15x15px]] (ja) |ಜ,ಝ- (jha) |- |8 |ḥ [ħ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_gh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_gh.svg|15x15px]] (gha) |ಘ |- |9 |ṭ [tˤ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_th.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_th.svg|15x15px]] (tha) |ಥ (ṭa), (ṭha) |- |10 |y [j], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_y.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_y.svg|15x15px]] (ya) |ಯ |- |11 |k [k] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_k.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_k.svg|15x15px]] (ka |ಕ |- |12 |l [l] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_l.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_l.svg|15x15px]] (la) |ಲ, Bhattiprolu ḷ |- |13 |m [m] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_m.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_m.svg|15x15px]] (ma) |ಮ, (ಂ) anusvara |- |14 |n [n] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_n.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_n.svg|15x15px]] (na) |ನ, (ṇa) |- |15 |s [s] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_ss.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_ss.svg|15x15px]] (ṣa) |ಸ, (sa) |- |16 |ʿ [ʕ], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_e.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_e.svg|15x15px]] (e) |ಏ, ಐ (i), (ai) |- |17 |p [p] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_ph.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_ph.svg|15x15px]] (pa) |ಪ, (pha) |- |18 |ṣ [sˤ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_c.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_c.svg|15x15px]] (ca) |ಚ, (cha) |- |19 |q [q] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_kh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_kh.svg|15x15px]] (kha)1 |ಖ, |- |20 |r [r] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_r.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_r.svg|15x15px]](ra) |ರ |- |21 |š [ʃ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_sh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_sh.svg|15x15px]] (śa) |ಶ (ಷ) |- |22 |t [t] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_t.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_t.svg|15x15px]] (ta) |ತ |- |} == ತೂಲೆ == * [[ಕನ್ನಡ ಬಾಸೆ|ಕನ್ನಡ]] * [[ತುಳು ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆ|ಗನ್ನಡ ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆ]] * [https://kn.wikisource.org/s/be9 ಮೈಸೂರು ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಲಯ ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ/ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ] == ಪಿದಯಿದ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ, ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ, ಕನ್ನಡ: ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಭಾಷಾ ಸಂಬಂಧೊಲು: [http://www.prajavani.net/news/article/2017/02/05/470193.html ಭಾಷೆಲೆನ ವಂಶಾವಳಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಸಮಾಜ.] [http://www.prajavani.net/news/article/2017/02/05/470193.html ಶೆಟ್ಟರ್;5 ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ, 2017] ಡ್ Archived * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060516000049/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucgadkw/position/salomon.html ಸುರುತ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಲಿಪಿಲೆನ ಮೂಲದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ: ವಾಷಿಂಗ್ಟನ್ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯದ ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ ಸಲೋಮನ್ ನ ಒಂಜಿ ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ ಲೇಖನ] ( [[Web Archive|archive.org]] ಮೂಲಕ) * [[Indian Institute of Science|ಭಾರತೀಯ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯ]] [http://brahmi.sourceforge.net/ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಯೋಜನೆ] * [http://www.ancientscripts.com/brahmi.html ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಲಿಪಿಗಳು – ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ] * [http://www.virtualvinodh.com/brahmi-lipitva ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿತ ಬೌದ್ಧ ಗ್ರಂಥ] * [http://www.bhashaindia.com/Pages/Home.aspx ವಿಂಡೋಸ್ ಇಂಡಿಕ್ ಸ್ಕ್ರಿಪ್ಟ್ ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್] ಡ್ Archived == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == {{Reflist}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಬಾಸೆಲು]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಭಾರತದ ಬಾಸೆಲು]] 5dsods8a95323k6qnhqw8duna741sau 366723 366722 2026-08-23T13:48:03Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writing system | name = ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ | altname = | sample = {{Photomontage|position=center | photo1a = Brahmi Varnamala.png{{!}}class=skin-invert-image | photo2a = Brahmi pillar inscription in Sarnath.jpg | size = 250 | spacing = 2 | color = 0 | border = 0 | foot_montage =}} | caption = {{ubl |(ಮಿತ್ತ್) ಆದುನಿಕ ಅಕ್ಷರೊಡು ಅಶೋಕನ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ ಚಾರ್ಟ್ | (ತಿರ್ತ್) ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಒಂಜಿ [[:en:Pillars of Ashoka|ಅಶೋಕ ಸ್ತಂಭ]] ಡ್ [[:en:Sarnath|ಸಾರನಾಥ]] ({{circa|250 BCE}}) }} | type = [[:en:Abugida|ಅಬುಗಿಡ]] | languages = [[ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ]], [[ಪಾಲಿ]], [[ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ]], [[:en:Saka language|ಸಾಕ]], [[:en:Old Uyghur|ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಉಯಿಘರ್]], [[:en:Tamil Brahmi|ತಮಿಳು]], [[:en:Tocharian languages|Tocharian]], [[:en:Elu|ಎಲು]] | time = ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. 3ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ದ್{{sfn|Salomon|1998|pp=11–13}} ಕ್ರಿ.ಶ.5 ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊ ಮುಟ್ಟ | fam1 = [[:en:Egyptian hieroglyphs|ಈಜಿಪ್ಟಿಯನ್ ಚಿತ್ರಲಿಪಿಲು]] | fam2 = [[:en:Proto-Sinaitic script|ಪ್ರೊಟೊ-ಸಿನೈಟಿಕ್]] | fam3 = [[:en:Phoenician alphabet|ಫೀನಿಷಿಯನ್]] | fam4 = [[:en:Aramaic alphabet|ಅರಾಮಿಕ್]] {{small|(disputed)}}{{sfn|Salomon|1996|p=378}}<ref name="Pillai2023">{{cite journal |last=Damodaram Pillai |first=Karan |year=2023 |title=The Hybrid Origin of Brāhmī Script from Aramaic, Phoenician and Greek Letters |journal=Indialogs |volume=10 |pages=93–122 |doi=10.5565/rev/indialogs.213 |quote=The origins of Brāhmī script have been mired in controversy for over a century... Aramaic has remained the leading candidate for the source of Brāhmī}}</ref><ref name="Coningham1996">{{cite journal |last1=Coningham |first1=Robin |last2=Allchin |first2=Frank Raymond |last3=Batt |first3=Catherine M. |last4=Lucy |first4=Dramani |year=1996 |title=Passage to India? Anuradhapura and the Early Use of the Brahmi Script |journal=Cambridge Archaeological Journal |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |doi=10.1017/S0959774300001608}}</ref> | sisters = [[:en:Kharosthi|Kharosthi]] | children = {{clist|title=Brahmi-derived scripts| *[[:en:Gupta script|ಗುಪ್ತ]] **[[:en:Siddham script|Siddham]] ***[[:en:Nagari script|ನಾಗರಿ]] ****[[:en:Devanagari script|Devanagari]] *****[[:en:Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics]] ******[[:en:Pollard script|Pollard]] ****[[:en:Kaithi script|Kaithi]] *****[[:en:Sylheti Nagri]] ****[[:en:Gujarati script|Gujarati]] ****[[:en:Modi script|Modi]] ***[[:en:Gaudi script|Gaudi]] ****[[:en:Newar script|Newar]] ****[[:en:Bhujimol script|Bhujimol]] ****[[ವRanjana script|Ranjana]] *****[[:en:Soyombo script|Soyombo]] ****[[:en:Bengali–Assamese script|Bengali-Assamese]] ****[[:en:Odia script|Odia]] **[[ವSharada script|Sharada]] ***[[:en:Laṇḍā script|Landa]] ****[[:en:Gurumukhi script|Gurumukhi]] ****[[:en:Khudabadi script|Khudabadi]] ****[[:en:Mahajani script|Mahajani]] **[[:en:Meitei script|Meitei]] **[[:en:Tibetan script|Tibetan]] ***[[:en:Phags-pa script|Phags-pa]] ****[[:en:Zanabazar square script|Zanabazar square]] **[[:en:Kalinga script|Kalinga]] **[[:en:Bhaiksuki script|Bhaiksuki]] *[[:en:Tamil-Brahmi]] **[[:en:Pallava script|Pallava]] ***[[:en:Kawi script|Kawi]] ****[[:en:Balinese script|Balinese]] *****[[:en:Sasak script|Sasak]] ****[[:en:Batak script|Batak]] *****Karo *****Mandailing *****Pakpak *****Simalungun *****Toba ****[[:en:Baybayin script|Baybayin]] *****[[:en:Buhid script|Buhid]] *****[[:en:Hanunoo script|Hanunoo]] *****[[:en:Tagbanwa script|Tagbanwa]] *****[[:en:Kulitan]] ****[[:en:Buda script|Buda]] ****[[:en:Javanese script|Javanese]] ****[[:en:Lontara script|Lontara]] *****[[:en:Lota Ende]] *****[[:en:Mbojo]] *****[[:en:Satera Jontal]] ****[[:en:Makasar script|Makasar]] ****[[:en:Sundanese script|Sundanese]] ****[[:en:Ulu scripts|Ulu]] *****[[:en:Incung script|Incung]] *****[[:en:Komering script|Komering]] *****[[:en:Lampung script|Lampung]] *****[[:en:Lembak]] *****[[:en:Ogan script|ಒಗನ್]] *****[[:en:Pasemah|ಪಸೆಮಃ]] *****[[:en:Rejang script|ರೆಜಾಂಗ್]] *****[[:en:Serawai|ಸೆರವಾಯಿ]] ***[[:en:Cham script|Cham]] ***[[:en:Khmer script|ಖಮೇರ್]] ****[[:en:Sukhothai script|ಸುಖೋತಾಯಿ]] *****[[:en:Thai script|ಥಾಯ್]] *****[[:en:Tai Noi script|ತೈ ನೋಯಿ]] ******[[:en:Lao script|ಲಾವೊ]] ***[[:en:Mon-Burmese script|ಮೂನ್-ಬರ್ಮೀಸ್]] ****[[:en:Chakma script|ಚಕ್ಮ]] ***[[:en:Tamil script|ತಮಿಳು]] ***[[:en:Grantha script|ಗ್ರಂಥ]] ****[[:en:Malayalam script|ಮಲಯಾಳಂ]] ****[[:en:Sinhala script|ಸಿಂಹಳ]] ****[[:en:Dives Akuru|ದಿವೆಸ್ ಅಕುರು]] **[[:en:Vatteluttu|ವತ್ತೆಲುಟ್ಟು]] *[[:en:Kadamba script|ಕದಂಬ]] **[[:en:Pyu script|ಪ್ಯು]] **[[:en:Telugu-Kannada script|ತೆಲುಗು ಕನ್ನಡ]] ***[[:en:Kannada script|ಕನ್ನಡ]] ***[[:en:Telugu script|ತೆಲುಗು]] *[[:en:Tocharian script|ಟೋಚಾರಿಯನ್]] }} | unicode = [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11000.pdf U+11000–U+1107F] | iso15924 = ಬ್ರಹ್ }} ಭಾರತೀಯ ಬಾಸೆಲೆಗ್ ಮೂಲ ಲಿಪಿಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. '''ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ''' ದಿಂಜ ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ದ ಲಿಪಿ. ಉಂದು ಏಷ್ಯಾದ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಲಿಪಿಲೆನ ಬುಲೆಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಕಾರಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="Salomon1998-p17a">{{harvnb|Salomon|1998|p=17}}. "Until the late nineteenth century, the script of the Aśokan (non-Kharosthi) inscriptions and its immediate derivatives was referred to by various names such as 'lath' or 'Lat', 'Southern Aśokan', 'Indian Pali', 'Mauryan', and so on. The application to it of the name Brahmi [''sc. lipi''], which stands at the head of the Buddhist and Jaina script lists, was first suggested by T[errien] de Lacouperie, who noted that in the Chinese Buddhist encyclopedia ''Fa yiian chu lin'' the scripts whose names corresponded to the Brahmi and Kharosthi of the ''Lalitavistara'' are described as written from left to right and from right to left, respectively. He therefore suggested that the name Brahmi should refer to the left-to-right 'Indo-Pali' script of the Aśokan pillar inscriptions, and Kharosthi to the right-to-left 'Bactro-Pali' script of the rock inscriptions from the northwest."</ref> ದೇವನಗರಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಬೇತೆ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಏಷ್ಯಾ, ಆಗ್ನೇಯ ಏಷ್ಯಾ, ಟಿಬೆಟಿಯನ್, ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಕೆಲವು ಜನಕುಲೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಕೊರಿಯನ್ ಲಿಪಿಲೆನ ಬುಲೆಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಉಂದು ಮೂಲ. <ref name="Salomon1998-p17b">{{harvnb|Salomon|1998|p=17}}. "...&nbsp;the Brahmi script appeared in the [[3rd century BC|third century BCE]] as a fully developed pan-Indian national script (sometimes used as a second script even within the proper territory of Kharosthi in the north-west) and continued to play this role throughout history, becoming the parent of all of the modern Indic scripts both within India and beyond. Thus, with the exceptions of the Indus script in the protohistoric period, of Kharosthi in the northwest in the ancient period, and of the Perso–Arabic and European scripts in the medieval and modern periods, respectively, the history of writing in India is virtually synonymous with the history of the Brahmi script and its derivatives."</ref> <ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brahmi|title=Brahmi|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|date=1999|quote=Among the many descendants of Brāhmī are Devanāgarī (used for Sanskrit, Hindi and other Indian languages), the Bengali and Gujarati scripts and those of the Dravidian languages|accessdate=2017-03-21|archivedate=2020-07-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719005559/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brahmi}}</ref> ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ ನಾಲ್ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಭಾರತೊಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಾತಾ ಬಾಸೆಲೆನ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಬಾಸೆಡ್ ಬರೆವೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ.ಡ್ ಪಾಣಿನಿ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಅಷ್ಟಾಧ್ಯಾಯಿ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ವ್ಯಾಕರಣೊದ ನಿಯಮೊಲೆನ್ ಪಾಲನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ 4ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು [[:kn:ಕನ್ನಡ|ಕನ್ನಡ]] ಲಿಪಿನ್ '''ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ'''ಡ್ ಬರೆಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಚರ್ಚೆಲು ಉಂಡು. ಮೌರ್ಯ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯೊದ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ [[:kn:ಅಶೋಕ|ಅಶೋಕೆರೆನ]] ಮಾತಾ ಶಾಸನೊಲು '''ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ'''ಡ್ ಬರೆತಿನವು. "ಸುರುತ ತೀರ್ಥಂಕರ ವೃಷಭದೇವೆರ್ ಮಗಲ್ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಸುಂದರಿಗ್ ಕನ್ನಡ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆನ್ ವಿವರಿಸದ್ ಕೊರ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ ಈ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆನ್ 'ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆನ್ 'ಸುಂದರಿ ಲಿಪಿ' ಪಂದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್." ಸಿರಿ ಭೋಜ್ವಾಯೆ ಈ ವಿಚಾರೊನು ಬಾರೀ ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾದ್ ತೆರಿಪಾದ್ಂಡ್. == ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿತ ಮೂಲೊ == ಅಯಿತ ಮೂಲದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆನ ಬಿನ್ನಾಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಇಂದೆನ್ ಮುಕ್ಯವಾದ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಇಬಾಗೊಗು ಮಲ್ಪೊಲಿ. # ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿತ ಪುಟ್ಟುಗು ಪಿದಯಿ ದೇಸೊದ ಲಿಪಿಕ್ಲೇ ಆದಾರೊ. ಈ ಲಿಪಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊಂಜಿ ದೇಶಡ್ ಉದ್ಭವ ಆದ್, ಭಾರತೊಗು ವಲಸೆ ಬತ್ತ್‌ನಕ್ಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತ್‌ದ್, ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಮುಲ್ಪ ಬುಳೆಚಿಲ್ ಪಡೆವೊಂಡ್ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆನ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊ. ಅಕ್ಲೆಡ್ ಜೇಮ್ಸ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸೆಪ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿತ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ೧೯ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರೂಟೆ ಅದ್ಯಯನ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್, ಉಂದು ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಲಿಪಿಡ್ದ್ ಬುಳೆಯಿನ ಪನ್ಪುನ ತೀರ್ಮಾನೊಗು ಬತ್ತೆ. ಹೆಲೆವಿ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ಉಂದು ಖರೋಷ್ಠಿ, ಅರಮೇಯಿಕ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಲಿಪಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಮಿಶ್ರನೊ. ಇಂದೆತ ಪುಟ್ಟು ಕ್ರಿ. ಪೂ. ನಾಲನೇ ಶತಮಾನಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ ಪನ್ತೆರ್. ಟೆರೆನ್ ಡೆ ಲಾ ಕೊಪಿರೆ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ಉಂದು ಚೀನಾದ ಚಿತ್ರಲಿಪಿಡ್ದ್ (ಪಿಕ್ಟೋಗ್ರಾಫ್) ಬುಲೆಯಿನ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ವಾದ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆ. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಸಿಮಿಟಕ್ ಲಿಪಿಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತ್‌ನೆ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ನಿರ್ಣಯೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆಡ್ ಡಿ.ಕೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕ್ಯಾನನ್ ಐಸಾಕ್ ಟೈಲರ್ ಪ್ರಮುಕೆರ್.. ಬ್ಯೂಲರ್, ವೆಬರ್, ಬೆನ್ಛೇ, ಜೆನ್ಸನ್ ಮುಕುಲು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿಗ್ ಫಿನೀಷಿಯನ್ ಲಿಪಿಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಹೋಲಿಕೆ ಇತ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದ್ ಫಿನೀಷಿಯನ್ ಲಿಪಿಯೇ ಇಂದೆತ ಪುಟ್ಟುಗು ಕಾರಣೊಂದ್ ವಾದೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದೆರ್. # ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಭಾರತೊದ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರೊ ಲಿಪಿ. ಉಂದು ಮೂಲತಃ ಭಾರತೊದ ಲಿಪಿಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆಡ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗುಂಪುಲು ಉಲ್ಲೊ ೧. ಆರ್ಯರ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನೆ ಪನ್ಪುನಕುಲು ೨. ಮೂಲ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಲಿಪಿಂದ್ ವಾದ ಮಲ್ಪುನಕುಲು. ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್, ಕನ್ನಿಂಗ್‍ಹ್ಯಾಮ್, ಲಸ್ಸೆನ್ ಮೆಕ್ಲ್ ವೈದಿಕ ಕಾಲೊದ ಜನಕ್ಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಆರ್ಯರೆಡ್ದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಲಿಪಿತ ಆದಾರೊದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊ ಪಡೆತೆರ್. ಉದಾರ್ಮೆಗ್ ರ-ರಜ್ಜು (ಬಳ್ಳ್). ಮ-ಮುಖ(ಮೋರೆ), ನ-ನಾಸ (ಮೂಂಕು) ಶ-ಶ್ರವಣ (ಕೆಬಿ/ಕಿವಿ) ಇಂಚ. == ಲಿಪಿತ ಮೂಲ | == ಎಡ್ವರ್ಡ್ ಥಾಮಸ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಟಿ.ಎನ್. ಈ ಲಿಪಿ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಮೂಲದಂದ್ ಸುಬ್ರಮಣ್ಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಆರ್ಯೆರ್ ಬರ್ಪಿನೆಗ್ ದುಂಬೇ ದ್ರಾವಿಡೆರ್ ಭಾರತೊಡು ನಿಲೆ ಆದಿತ್ತಿನಕ್ಲೆನ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್ ಒಪ್ಪೊನುವೆರ್. ಆರ್ಯ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ್ರಾವಿಡೆರ್‌ನ ಬಾರೀ ಪ್ರಬಾವೊ ಇತ್ತಿನೆರ್ದಾತ್ರೊ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಉದಿಪನೊಗು ದ್ರಾವಿಡೆರ್ ಕಾರಣೆರ್, ಈ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಆರ್ಯೆರ್ ಬುಲೆಪಾಯೆರ್ಂದ್ ಕೆಲವು ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್ ಊಹೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದೆರ್. ಈ ಲಿಪಿ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಡ್ದ್ ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನವು ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ವಾದೊ. ಬ್ರಹ್ಮವಿದ್ಯೆನ್ ಕಲ್ಪುನೆಕ್ಕಾದ್ ಉದ್ಭವೊ ಆಯಿನ ಈ ಲಿಪಿಗ್ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಪಂದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬತ್ತ್‌ದ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊನ್ ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ಒಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಉಂದೆತ ಉದ್ಭವ ಭಾರತೊಡೇ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆಗ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆಗ್ ಸಿಂಧೂಲಿಪಿ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸಹಕಾರಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಡ್ ಲಿಪಿತ ಬಳಕೆ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ವಿಚಾರೊ ೧೯೨೩ಡ್ ನಡತ್‌ನ ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆದ ಶೋದನೆದ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ (ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. ೨೫೦೦-೧೮೦೦) ತೆರಿದ್ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಸಿಂಧೂ ಲಿಪಿತ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಅದ್ಯಯನೊ ನಾನಲ ಆವೊಡಾಯಿನೆಡ್ದ್ ಅವು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿತ ಪೂರ್ವರೂಪಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆ ಸರಿ ಅತ್ತ್. ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್ ಉಂದು ಸಾಮ್ರಾಟ್ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬೇ ಬಳಕೆಡ್ ಇತ್ತ್‌ದ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ಉಂದು ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲಡ್ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ಗೊತ್ತಿತ್ತ್‌ನ ಪಂಡಿತರೆಡ್ದ್ ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲಡ್ ಪುಟ್ಟುಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆಗ್ ಎಸ್. ಶಂಕರ ನಾರಾಯಣನ್ ನಾಲ್ ಕಾರಣೊಲೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. ೧. ಅಶೋಕಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬು ಬರೆತಿನಂಚಿನ ಲಿಖಿತ ಆದಾರೊಲು ತಿಕ್ಕಂದೆ ಇಪ್ಪುನೆ (ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆದ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಬುಡ್ತ್). ೨. ಮೆಗಾಸ್ತನೀಸ್ ಚಂದ್ರಗುಪ್ತ ಮೌರ್ಯನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಭಾರತೊಗು ಬನ್ನಾಗ ಭಾರತೊಡ್ ಬರೆಪುನೆ ಗೊತ್ತಿಜ್ಜಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಹೇಳಿಕೆ ಕೊರ್ತಿನವು. ೩. ಬೌದ್ಧ ಬಿಕ್ಕುಲೆಗ್ (ಅಶೋಕಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬು) ಬುದ್ಧನ ಉಪದೇಸೊಲೆನ್ ಬಾಯಿ ಪಾತೆರೊಡೇ (ಮೌಕಿಕವಾದ್) ಉಪದೇಶ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತಿನವು. ೪. ಅಶೋಕನ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಡ್ ಹೆಚ್ನದ ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸೊಲು (ಪ್ರಾಂತೀಯ ಬೇದೊಲು) ಇದ್ಯಾಂದೆ ಇಪ್ಪುನೆ. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. ಮೂಜಿನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಸುರುತ ಬಾಗೊಡು ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಎಸ್.ಆರ್. ಗೋಯಲ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಡಿ.ಸಿ. ಸರ್ಕಾರ್, ಟಿ., ಈ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊಗು ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಆವಿಸ್ಕಾರೊ ಆಯಿಜಿಂದ್ ಪಿ.ವರ್ಮೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಅಶೋಕೆರ್ ಈ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪಾಲಿ ಬಾಸೆನ್ ಗಳಸೊಂದು ಬೌದ್ಧ ದರ್ಮನ್ ಪ್ರಚಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪುನವು ತೆರಿಯುಂಡು. ಈ ಮಾತಾ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಪುಟ್ಟುದು ಬತ್ತ್‌ನವು ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಅಶೋಕಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬೇ ಇತ್ತ್‌ನ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಬುಲೆಪಾಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆನ್ ನಿಗಂಟಾದ್ ಪನ್‌ಯರ ಸಾದ್ಯೊ ಇದ್ದಿ, ಆಂಡ ಅಯಿತ ಬುಲೆಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಅಶೋಕೆನೆ ಕಾರಣೊಂದ್ ಪನೊಲಿ. ಅಶೋಕನ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಭಾರತೊದ ಸರಳ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪೊರ್ಲುದ ಲಿಪಿ. ಇಂದೆಟ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಲಂಬ ರೇಕೆಲು ಉಂಡು. ಶತಮಾನೊಲು ಕರಿನಂಚನೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ವಿಕಸನೊ ಆದ್ ಕುಷಣ, ಕ್ಷತ್ರಪ, ಶತವಾಹನ, ಗುಪ್ತ ವಂಸೊಲೆನ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆದ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಮಸ್ತ್ ರೂಪೊನ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನವು. == ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ == {| class="wikitable" !ಕ್ರ.ಸಂ. !ಧ್ವನಿ(Approx.Phoen.sound) !ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಿ(Direct Brahmi(IAST value)) !ಬದಲಾವಣೆ(Secondarily Derived Brahmi) |- |1 |ʾ [ʔ], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_a.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_a.svg|15x15px]] (a) |ಅ |- |2 |b [b] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_bh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_bh.svg|15x15px]] (ba) |ಬ - [[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_bh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_bh.svg|15x15px]] (bha) |- |3 |g [ɡ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_g.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_g.svg|15x15px]] (ga) |ಗ, (ಘ)- Bhattiprolu gh |- |4 |d [d] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_dh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_dh.svg|15x15px]] (dha) |ಧ -[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_d.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_d.svg|15x15px]] (da), (ḍa), (ḍha) |- |5 |h [h], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_h.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_h.svg|15x15px]] (ha) |ಹ |- |6 |w [w], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_v.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_v.svg|15x15px]] (va |ವ (u), (o)) |- |7 |z [z] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_j.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_j.svg|15x15px]] (ja) |ಜ,ಝ- (jha) |- |8 |ḥ [ħ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_gh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_gh.svg|15x15px]] (gha) |ಘ |- |9 |ṭ [tˤ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_th.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_th.svg|15x15px]] (tha) |ಥ (ṭa), (ṭha) |- |10 |y [j], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_y.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_y.svg|15x15px]] (ya) |ಯ |- |11 |k [k] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_k.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_k.svg|15x15px]] (ka |ಕ |- |12 |l [l] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_l.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_l.svg|15x15px]] (la) |ಲ, Bhattiprolu ḷ |- |13 |m [m] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_m.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_m.svg|15x15px]] (ma) |ಮ, (ಂ) anusvara |- |14 |n [n] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_n.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_n.svg|15x15px]] (na) |ನ, (ṇa) |- |15 |s [s] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_ss.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_ss.svg|15x15px]] (ṣa) |ಸ, (sa) |- |16 |ʿ [ʕ], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_e.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_e.svg|15x15px]] (e) |ಏ, ಐ (i), (ai) |- |17 |p [p] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_ph.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_ph.svg|15x15px]] (pa) |ಪ, (pha) |- |18 |ṣ [sˤ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_c.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_c.svg|15x15px]] (ca) |ಚ, (cha) |- |19 |q [q] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_kh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_kh.svg|15x15px]] (kha)1 |ಖ, |- |20 |r [r] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_r.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_r.svg|15x15px]](ra) |ರ |- |21 |š [ʃ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_sh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_sh.svg|15x15px]] (śa) |ಶ (ಷ) |- |22 |t [t] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_t.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_t.svg|15x15px]] (ta) |ತ |- |} == ತೂಲೆ == * [[ಕನ್ನಡ ಬಾಸೆ|ಕನ್ನಡ]] * [[ತುಳು ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆ|ಗನ್ನಡ ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆ]] * [https://kn.wikisource.org/s/be9 ಮೈಸೂರು ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಲಯ ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ/ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ] == ಪಿದಯಿದ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ, ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ, ಕನ್ನಡ: ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಭಾಷಾ ಸಂಬಂಧೊಲು: [http://www.prajavani.net/news/article/2017/02/05/470193.html ಭಾಷೆಲೆನ ವಂಶಾವಳಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಸಮಾಜ.] [http://www.prajavani.net/news/article/2017/02/05/470193.html ಶೆಟ್ಟರ್;5 ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ, 2017] ಡ್ Archived * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060516000049/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucgadkw/position/salomon.html ಸುರುತ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಲಿಪಿಲೆನ ಮೂಲದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ: ವಾಷಿಂಗ್ಟನ್ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯದ ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ ಸಲೋಮನ್ ನ ಒಂಜಿ ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ ಲೇಖನ] ( [[Web Archive|archive.org]] ಮೂಲಕ) * [[Indian Institute of Science|ಭಾರತೀಯ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯ]] [http://brahmi.sourceforge.net/ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಯೋಜನೆ] * [http://www.ancientscripts.com/brahmi.html ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಲಿಪಿಗಳು – ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ] * [http://www.virtualvinodh.com/brahmi-lipitva ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿತ ಬೌದ್ಧ ಗ್ರಂಥ] * [http://www.bhashaindia.com/Pages/Home.aspx ವಿಂಡೋಸ್ ಇಂಡಿಕ್ ಸ್ಕ್ರಿಪ್ಟ್ ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್] ಡ್ Archived == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == {{Reflist}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಬಾಸೆಲು]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಭಾರತದ ಬಾಸೆಲು]] 0hkqgprisxa8i8aochhoe5zrj9pxn6h 366725 366723 2026-08-23T13:51:28Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writing system | name = ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ | altname = | sample = {{Photomontage|position=center | photo1a = Brahmi Varnamala.png{{!}}class=skin-invert-image | photo2a = Brahmi pillar inscription in Sarnath.jpg | size = 250 | spacing = 2 | color = 0 | border = 0 | foot_montage =}} | caption = {{ubl |(ಮಿತ್ತ್) ಆದುನಿಕ ಅಕ್ಷರೊಡು ಅಶೋಕನ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ ಚಾರ್ಟ್ | (ತಿರ್ತ್) ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಒಂಜಿ [[:en:Pillars of Ashoka|ಅಶೋಕ ಸ್ತಂಭ]] ಡ್ [[:en:Sarnath|ಸಾರನಾಥ]] ({{circa|250 BCE}}) }} | type = [[:en:Abugida|ಅಬುಗಿಡ]] | languages = [[ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ]], [[ಪಾಲಿ]], [[ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ]], [[:en:Saka language|ಸಾಕ]], [[:en:Old Uyghur|ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಉಯಿಘರ್]], [[:en:Tamil Brahmi|ತಮಿಳು]], [[:en:Tocharian languages|Tocharian]], [[:en:Elu|ಎಲು]] | time = ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. 3ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ದ್{{sfn|Salomon|1998|pp=11–13}} ಕ್ರಿ.ಶ.5 ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊ ಮುಟ್ಟ | fam1 = [[:en:Egyptian hieroglyphs|ಈಜಿಪ್ಟಿಯನ್ ಚಿತ್ರಲಿಪಿಲು]] | fam2 = [[:en:Proto-Sinaitic script|ಪ್ರೊಟೊ-ಸಿನೈಟಿಕ್]] | fam3 = [[:en:Phoenician alphabet|ಫೀನಿಷಿಯನ್]] | fam4 = [[:en:Aramaic alphabet|ಅರಾಮಿಕ್]] {{small|(disputed)}}{{sfn|Salomon|1996|p=378}}<ref name="Pillai2023">{{cite journal |last=Damodaram Pillai |first=Karan |year=2023 |title=The Hybrid Origin of Brāhmī Script from Aramaic, Phoenician and Greek Letters |journal=Indialogs |volume=10 |pages=93–122 |doi=10.5565/rev/indialogs.213 |quote=The origins of Brāhmī script have been mired in controversy for over a century... Aramaic has remained the leading candidate for the source of Brāhmī}}</ref><ref name="Coningham1996">{{cite journal |last1=Coningham |first1=Robin |last2=Allchin |first2=Frank Raymond |last3=Batt |first3=Catherine M. |last4=Lucy |first4=Dramani |year=1996 |title=Passage to India? Anuradhapura and the Early Use of the Brahmi Script |journal=Cambridge Archaeological Journal |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |doi=10.1017/S0959774300001608}}</ref> | sisters = [[:en:Kharosthi|ಖರೋಸ್ಟಿ]] | children = {{clist|title=Brahmi-derived scripts| *[[:en:Gupta script|ಗುಪ್ತ]] **[[:en:Siddham script|Siddham]] ***[[:en:Nagari script|ನಾಗರಿ]] ****[[:en:Devanagari script|Devanagari]] *****[[:en:Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics]] ******[[:en:Pollard script|Pollard]] ****[[:en:Kaithi script|Kaithi]] *****[[:en:Sylheti Nagri|Sylheti Nagri]] ****[[:en:Gujarati script|Gujarati]] ****[[:en:Modi script|Modi]] ***[[:en:Gaudi script|Gaudi]] ****[[:en:Newar script|Newar]] ****[[:en:Bhujimol script|Bhujimol]] ****[[ವRanjana script|Ranjana]] *****[[:en:Soyombo script|Soyombo]] ****[[:en:Bengali–Assamese script|Bengali-Assamese]] ****[[:en:Odia script|Odia]] **[[ವSharada script|Sharada]] ***[[:en:Laṇḍā script|Landa]] ****[[:en:Gurumukhi script|Gurumukhi]] ****[[:en:Khudabadi script|Khudabadi]] ****[[:en:Mahajani script|Mahajani]] **[[:en:Meitei script|Meitei]] **[[:en:Tibetan script|Tibetan]] ***[[:en:Phags-pa script|Phags-pa]] ****[[:en:Zanabazar square script|Zanabazar square]] **[[:en:Kalinga script|Kalinga]] **[[:en:Bhaiksuki script|Bhaiksuki]] *[[:en:Tamil-Brahmi]] **[[:en:Pallava script|Pallava]] ***[[:en:Kawi script|Kawi]] ****[[:en:Balinese script|Balinese]] *****[[:en:Sasak script|Sasak]] ****[[:en:Batak script|Batak]] *****Karo *****Mandailing *****Pakpak *****Simalungun *****Toba ****[[:en:Baybayin script|Baybayin]] *****[[:en:Buhid script|Buhid]] *****[[:en:Hanunoo script|Hanunoo]] *****[[:en:Tagbanwa script|Tagbanwa]] *****[[:en:Kulitan]] ****[[:en:Buda script|Buda]] ****[[:en:Javanese script|Javanese]] ****[[:en:Lontara script|Lontara]] *****[[:en:Lota Ende]] *****[[:en:Mbojo]] *****[[:en:Satera Jontal]] ****[[:en:Makasar script|Makasar]] ****[[:en:Sundanese script|Sundanese]] ****[[:en:Ulu scripts|Ulu]] *****[[:en:Incung script|Incung]] *****[[:en:Komering script|Komering]] *****[[:en:Lampung script|Lampung]] *****[[:en:Lembak]] *****[[:en:Ogan script|ಒಗನ್]] *****[[:en:Pasemah|ಪಸೆಮಃ]] *****[[:en:Rejang script|ರೆಜಾಂಗ್]] *****[[:en:Serawai|ಸೆರವಾಯಿ]] ***[[:en:Cham script|Cham]] ***[[:en:Khmer script|ಖಮೇರ್]] ****[[:en:Sukhothai script|ಸುಖೋತಾಯಿ]] *****[[:en:Thai script|ಥಾಯ್]] *****[[:en:Tai Noi script|ತೈ ನೋಯಿ]] ******[[:en:Lao script|ಲಾವೊ]] ***[[:en:Mon-Burmese script|ಮೂನ್-ಬರ್ಮೀಸ್]] ****[[:en:Chakma script|ಚಕ್ಮ]] ***[[:en:Tamil script|ತಮಿಳು]] ***[[:en:Grantha script|ಗ್ರಂಥ]] ****[[:en:Malayalam script|ಮಲಯಾಳಂ]] ****[[:en:Sinhala script|ಸಿಂಹಳ]] ****[[:en:Dives Akuru|ದಿವೆಸ್ ಅಕುರು]] **[[:en:Vatteluttu|ವತ್ತೆಲುಟ್ಟು]] *[[:en:Kadamba script|ಕದಂಬ]] **[[:en:Pyu script|ಪ್ಯು]] **[[:en:Telugu-Kannada script|ತೆಲುಗು ಕನ್ನಡ]] ***[[:en:Kannada script|ಕನ್ನಡ]] ***[[:en:Telugu script|ತೆಲುಗು]] *[[:en:Tocharian script|ಟೋಚಾರಿಯನ್]] }} | unicode = [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11000.pdf U+11000–U+1107F] | iso15924 = ಬ್ರಹ್ }} ಭಾರತೀಯ ಬಾಸೆಲೆಗ್ ಮೂಲ ಲಿಪಿಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. '''ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ''' ದಿಂಜ ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ದ ಲಿಪಿ. ಉಂದು ಏಷ್ಯಾದ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಲಿಪಿಲೆನ ಬುಲೆಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಕಾರಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="Salomon1998-p17a">{{harvnb|Salomon|1998|p=17}}. "Until the late nineteenth century, the script of the Aśokan (non-Kharosthi) inscriptions and its immediate derivatives was referred to by various names such as 'lath' or 'Lat', 'Southern Aśokan', 'Indian Pali', 'Mauryan', and so on. The application to it of the name Brahmi [''sc. lipi''], which stands at the head of the Buddhist and Jaina script lists, was first suggested by T[errien] de Lacouperie, who noted that in the Chinese Buddhist encyclopedia ''Fa yiian chu lin'' the scripts whose names corresponded to the Brahmi and Kharosthi of the ''Lalitavistara'' are described as written from left to right and from right to left, respectively. He therefore suggested that the name Brahmi should refer to the left-to-right 'Indo-Pali' script of the Aśokan pillar inscriptions, and Kharosthi to the right-to-left 'Bactro-Pali' script of the rock inscriptions from the northwest."</ref> ದೇವನಗರಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಬೇತೆ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಏಷ್ಯಾ, ಆಗ್ನೇಯ ಏಷ್ಯಾ, ಟಿಬೆಟಿಯನ್, ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಕೆಲವು ಜನಕುಲೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಕೊರಿಯನ್ ಲಿಪಿಲೆನ ಬುಲೆಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಉಂದು ಮೂಲ. <ref name="Salomon1998-p17b">{{harvnb|Salomon|1998|p=17}}. "...&nbsp;the Brahmi script appeared in the [[3rd century BC|third century BCE]] as a fully developed pan-Indian national script (sometimes used as a second script even within the proper territory of Kharosthi in the north-west) and continued to play this role throughout history, becoming the parent of all of the modern Indic scripts both within India and beyond. Thus, with the exceptions of the Indus script in the protohistoric period, of Kharosthi in the northwest in the ancient period, and of the Perso–Arabic and European scripts in the medieval and modern periods, respectively, the history of writing in India is virtually synonymous with the history of the Brahmi script and its derivatives."</ref> <ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brahmi|title=Brahmi|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|date=1999|quote=Among the many descendants of Brāhmī are Devanāgarī (used for Sanskrit, Hindi and other Indian languages), the Bengali and Gujarati scripts and those of the Dravidian languages|accessdate=2017-03-21|archivedate=2020-07-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719005559/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brahmi}}</ref> ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ ನಾಲ್ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಭಾರತೊಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಾತಾ ಬಾಸೆಲೆನ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಬಾಸೆಡ್ ಬರೆವೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ.ಡ್ ಪಾಣಿನಿ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಅಷ್ಟಾಧ್ಯಾಯಿ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ವ್ಯಾಕರಣೊದ ನಿಯಮೊಲೆನ್ ಪಾಲನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ 4ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು [[:kn:ಕನ್ನಡ|ಕನ್ನಡ]] ಲಿಪಿನ್ '''ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ'''ಡ್ ಬರೆಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಚರ್ಚೆಲು ಉಂಡು. ಮೌರ್ಯ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯೊದ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ [[:kn:ಅಶೋಕ|ಅಶೋಕೆರೆನ]] ಮಾತಾ ಶಾಸನೊಲು '''ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ'''ಡ್ ಬರೆತಿನವು. "ಸುರುತ ತೀರ್ಥಂಕರ ವೃಷಭದೇವೆರ್ ಮಗಲ್ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಸುಂದರಿಗ್ ಕನ್ನಡ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆನ್ ವಿವರಿಸದ್ ಕೊರ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ ಈ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆನ್ 'ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆನ್ 'ಸುಂದರಿ ಲಿಪಿ' ಪಂದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್." ಸಿರಿ ಭೋಜ್ವಾಯೆ ಈ ವಿಚಾರೊನು ಬಾರೀ ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾದ್ ತೆರಿಪಾದ್ಂಡ್. == ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿತ ಮೂಲೊ == ಅಯಿತ ಮೂಲದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆನ ಬಿನ್ನಾಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಇಂದೆನ್ ಮುಕ್ಯವಾದ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಇಬಾಗೊಗು ಮಲ್ಪೊಲಿ. # ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿತ ಪುಟ್ಟುಗು ಪಿದಯಿ ದೇಸೊದ ಲಿಪಿಕ್ಲೇ ಆದಾರೊ. ಈ ಲಿಪಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊಂಜಿ ದೇಶಡ್ ಉದ್ಭವ ಆದ್, ಭಾರತೊಗು ವಲಸೆ ಬತ್ತ್‌ನಕ್ಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತ್‌ದ್, ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಮುಲ್ಪ ಬುಳೆಚಿಲ್ ಪಡೆವೊಂಡ್ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆನ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊ. ಅಕ್ಲೆಡ್ ಜೇಮ್ಸ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸೆಪ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿತ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ೧೯ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರೂಟೆ ಅದ್ಯಯನ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್, ಉಂದು ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಲಿಪಿಡ್ದ್ ಬುಳೆಯಿನ ಪನ್ಪುನ ತೀರ್ಮಾನೊಗು ಬತ್ತೆ. ಹೆಲೆವಿ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ಉಂದು ಖರೋಷ್ಠಿ, ಅರಮೇಯಿಕ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಲಿಪಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಮಿಶ್ರನೊ. ಇಂದೆತ ಪುಟ್ಟು ಕ್ರಿ. ಪೂ. ನಾಲನೇ ಶತಮಾನಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ ಪನ್ತೆರ್. ಟೆರೆನ್ ಡೆ ಲಾ ಕೊಪಿರೆ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ಉಂದು ಚೀನಾದ ಚಿತ್ರಲಿಪಿಡ್ದ್ (ಪಿಕ್ಟೋಗ್ರಾಫ್) ಬುಲೆಯಿನ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ವಾದ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆ. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಸಿಮಿಟಕ್ ಲಿಪಿಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತ್‌ನೆ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ನಿರ್ಣಯೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆಡ್ ಡಿ.ಕೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕ್ಯಾನನ್ ಐಸಾಕ್ ಟೈಲರ್ ಪ್ರಮುಕೆರ್.. ಬ್ಯೂಲರ್, ವೆಬರ್, ಬೆನ್ಛೇ, ಜೆನ್ಸನ್ ಮುಕುಲು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿಗ್ ಫಿನೀಷಿಯನ್ ಲಿಪಿಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಹೋಲಿಕೆ ಇತ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದ್ ಫಿನೀಷಿಯನ್ ಲಿಪಿಯೇ ಇಂದೆತ ಪುಟ್ಟುಗು ಕಾರಣೊಂದ್ ವಾದೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದೆರ್. # ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಭಾರತೊದ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರೊ ಲಿಪಿ. ಉಂದು ಮೂಲತಃ ಭಾರತೊದ ಲಿಪಿಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆಡ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗುಂಪುಲು ಉಲ್ಲೊ ೧. ಆರ್ಯರ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನೆ ಪನ್ಪುನಕುಲು ೨. ಮೂಲ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಲಿಪಿಂದ್ ವಾದ ಮಲ್ಪುನಕುಲು. ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್, ಕನ್ನಿಂಗ್‍ಹ್ಯಾಮ್, ಲಸ್ಸೆನ್ ಮೆಕ್ಲ್ ವೈದಿಕ ಕಾಲೊದ ಜನಕ್ಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಆರ್ಯರೆಡ್ದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಲಿಪಿತ ಆದಾರೊದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊ ಪಡೆತೆರ್. ಉದಾರ್ಮೆಗ್ ರ-ರಜ್ಜು (ಬಳ್ಳ್). ಮ-ಮುಖ(ಮೋರೆ), ನ-ನಾಸ (ಮೂಂಕು) ಶ-ಶ್ರವಣ (ಕೆಬಿ/ಕಿವಿ) ಇಂಚ. == ಲಿಪಿತ ಮೂಲ | == ಎಡ್ವರ್ಡ್ ಥಾಮಸ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಟಿ.ಎನ್. ಈ ಲಿಪಿ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಮೂಲದಂದ್ ಸುಬ್ರಮಣ್ಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಆರ್ಯೆರ್ ಬರ್ಪಿನೆಗ್ ದುಂಬೇ ದ್ರಾವಿಡೆರ್ ಭಾರತೊಡು ನಿಲೆ ಆದಿತ್ತಿನಕ್ಲೆನ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್ ಒಪ್ಪೊನುವೆರ್. ಆರ್ಯ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ್ರಾವಿಡೆರ್‌ನ ಬಾರೀ ಪ್ರಬಾವೊ ಇತ್ತಿನೆರ್ದಾತ್ರೊ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಉದಿಪನೊಗು ದ್ರಾವಿಡೆರ್ ಕಾರಣೆರ್, ಈ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಆರ್ಯೆರ್ ಬುಲೆಪಾಯೆರ್ಂದ್ ಕೆಲವು ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್ ಊಹೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದೆರ್. ಈ ಲಿಪಿ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಡ್ದ್ ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನವು ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ವಾದೊ. ಬ್ರಹ್ಮವಿದ್ಯೆನ್ ಕಲ್ಪುನೆಕ್ಕಾದ್ ಉದ್ಭವೊ ಆಯಿನ ಈ ಲಿಪಿಗ್ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಪಂದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬತ್ತ್‌ದ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊನ್ ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ಒಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಉಂದೆತ ಉದ್ಭವ ಭಾರತೊಡೇ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆಗ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆಗ್ ಸಿಂಧೂಲಿಪಿ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸಹಕಾರಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಡ್ ಲಿಪಿತ ಬಳಕೆ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ವಿಚಾರೊ ೧೯೨೩ಡ್ ನಡತ್‌ನ ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆದ ಶೋದನೆದ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ (ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. ೨೫೦೦-೧೮೦೦) ತೆರಿದ್ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಸಿಂಧೂ ಲಿಪಿತ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಅದ್ಯಯನೊ ನಾನಲ ಆವೊಡಾಯಿನೆಡ್ದ್ ಅವು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿತ ಪೂರ್ವರೂಪಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆ ಸರಿ ಅತ್ತ್. ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್ ಉಂದು ಸಾಮ್ರಾಟ್ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬೇ ಬಳಕೆಡ್ ಇತ್ತ್‌ದ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ಉಂದು ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲಡ್ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ಗೊತ್ತಿತ್ತ್‌ನ ಪಂಡಿತರೆಡ್ದ್ ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲಡ್ ಪುಟ್ಟುಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆಗ್ ಎಸ್. ಶಂಕರ ನಾರಾಯಣನ್ ನಾಲ್ ಕಾರಣೊಲೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. ೧. ಅಶೋಕಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬು ಬರೆತಿನಂಚಿನ ಲಿಖಿತ ಆದಾರೊಲು ತಿಕ್ಕಂದೆ ಇಪ್ಪುನೆ (ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆದ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಬುಡ್ತ್). ೨. ಮೆಗಾಸ್ತನೀಸ್ ಚಂದ್ರಗುಪ್ತ ಮೌರ್ಯನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಭಾರತೊಗು ಬನ್ನಾಗ ಭಾರತೊಡ್ ಬರೆಪುನೆ ಗೊತ್ತಿಜ್ಜಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಹೇಳಿಕೆ ಕೊರ್ತಿನವು. ೩. ಬೌದ್ಧ ಬಿಕ್ಕುಲೆಗ್ (ಅಶೋಕಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬು) ಬುದ್ಧನ ಉಪದೇಸೊಲೆನ್ ಬಾಯಿ ಪಾತೆರೊಡೇ (ಮೌಕಿಕವಾದ್) ಉಪದೇಶ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತಿನವು. ೪. ಅಶೋಕನ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಡ್ ಹೆಚ್ನದ ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸೊಲು (ಪ್ರಾಂತೀಯ ಬೇದೊಲು) ಇದ್ಯಾಂದೆ ಇಪ್ಪುನೆ. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. ಮೂಜಿನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಸುರುತ ಬಾಗೊಡು ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಎಸ್.ಆರ್. ಗೋಯಲ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಡಿ.ಸಿ. ಸರ್ಕಾರ್, ಟಿ., ಈ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊಗು ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಆವಿಸ್ಕಾರೊ ಆಯಿಜಿಂದ್ ಪಿ.ವರ್ಮೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಅಶೋಕೆರ್ ಈ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪಾಲಿ ಬಾಸೆನ್ ಗಳಸೊಂದು ಬೌದ್ಧ ದರ್ಮನ್ ಪ್ರಚಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪುನವು ತೆರಿಯುಂಡು. ಈ ಮಾತಾ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಪುಟ್ಟುದು ಬತ್ತ್‌ನವು ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಅಶೋಕಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬೇ ಇತ್ತ್‌ನ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಬುಲೆಪಾಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆನ್ ನಿಗಂಟಾದ್ ಪನ್‌ಯರ ಸಾದ್ಯೊ ಇದ್ದಿ, ಆಂಡ ಅಯಿತ ಬುಲೆಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಅಶೋಕೆನೆ ಕಾರಣೊಂದ್ ಪನೊಲಿ. ಅಶೋಕನ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಭಾರತೊದ ಸರಳ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪೊರ್ಲುದ ಲಿಪಿ. ಇಂದೆಟ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಲಂಬ ರೇಕೆಲು ಉಂಡು. ಶತಮಾನೊಲು ಕರಿನಂಚನೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ವಿಕಸನೊ ಆದ್ ಕುಷಣ, ಕ್ಷತ್ರಪ, ಶತವಾಹನ, ಗುಪ್ತ ವಂಸೊಲೆನ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆದ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಮಸ್ತ್ ರೂಪೊನ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನವು. == ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ == {| class="wikitable" !ಕ್ರ.ಸಂ. !ಧ್ವನಿ(Approx.Phoen.sound) !ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಿ(Direct Brahmi(IAST value)) !ಬದಲಾವಣೆ(Secondarily Derived Brahmi) |- |1 |ʾ [ʔ], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_a.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_a.svg|15x15px]] (a) |ಅ |- |2 |b [b] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_bh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_bh.svg|15x15px]] (ba) |ಬ - [[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_bh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_bh.svg|15x15px]] (bha) |- |3 |g [ɡ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_g.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_g.svg|15x15px]] (ga) |ಗ, (ಘ)- Bhattiprolu gh |- |4 |d [d] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_dh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_dh.svg|15x15px]] (dha) |ಧ -[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_d.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_d.svg|15x15px]] (da), (ḍa), (ḍha) |- |5 |h [h], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_h.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_h.svg|15x15px]] (ha) |ಹ |- |6 |w [w], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_v.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_v.svg|15x15px]] (va |ವ (u), (o)) |- |7 |z [z] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_j.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_j.svg|15x15px]] (ja) |ಜ,ಝ- (jha) |- |8 |ḥ [ħ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_gh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_gh.svg|15x15px]] (gha) |ಘ |- |9 |ṭ [tˤ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_th.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_th.svg|15x15px]] (tha) |ಥ (ṭa), (ṭha) |- |10 |y [j], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_y.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_y.svg|15x15px]] (ya) |ಯ |- |11 |k [k] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_k.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_k.svg|15x15px]] (ka |ಕ |- |12 |l [l] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_l.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_l.svg|15x15px]] (la) |ಲ, Bhattiprolu ḷ |- |13 |m [m] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_m.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_m.svg|15x15px]] (ma) |ಮ, (ಂ) anusvara |- |14 |n [n] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_n.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_n.svg|15x15px]] (na) |ನ, (ṇa) |- |15 |s [s] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_ss.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_ss.svg|15x15px]] (ṣa) |ಸ, (sa) |- |16 |ʿ [ʕ], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_e.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_e.svg|15x15px]] (e) |ಏ, ಐ (i), (ai) |- |17 |p [p] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_ph.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_ph.svg|15x15px]] (pa) |ಪ, (pha) |- |18 |ṣ [sˤ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_c.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_c.svg|15x15px]] (ca) |ಚ, (cha) |- |19 |q [q] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_kh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_kh.svg|15x15px]] (kha)1 |ಖ, |- |20 |r [r] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_r.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_r.svg|15x15px]](ra) |ರ |- |21 |š [ʃ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_sh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_sh.svg|15x15px]] (śa) |ಶ (ಷ) |- |22 |t [t] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_t.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_t.svg|15x15px]] (ta) |ತ |- |} == ತೂಲೆ == * [[ಕನ್ನಡ ಬಾಸೆ|ಕನ್ನಡ]] * [[ತುಳು ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆ|ಗನ್ನಡ ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆ]] * [https://kn.wikisource.org/s/be9 ಮೈಸೂರು ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಲಯ ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ/ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ] == ಪಿದಯಿದ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ, ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ, ಕನ್ನಡ: ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಭಾಷಾ ಸಂಬಂಧೊಲು: [http://www.prajavani.net/news/article/2017/02/05/470193.html ಭಾಷೆಲೆನ ವಂಶಾವಳಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಸಮಾಜ.] [http://www.prajavani.net/news/article/2017/02/05/470193.html ಶೆಟ್ಟರ್;5 ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ, 2017] ಡ್ Archived * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060516000049/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucgadkw/position/salomon.html ಸುರುತ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಲಿಪಿಲೆನ ಮೂಲದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ: ವಾಷಿಂಗ್ಟನ್ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯದ ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ ಸಲೋಮನ್ ನ ಒಂಜಿ ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ ಲೇಖನ] ( [[Web Archive|archive.org]] ಮೂಲಕ) * [[Indian Institute of Science|ಭಾರತೀಯ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯ]] [http://brahmi.sourceforge.net/ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಯೋಜನೆ] * [http://www.ancientscripts.com/brahmi.html ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಲಿಪಿಗಳು – ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ] * [http://www.virtualvinodh.com/brahmi-lipitva ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿತ ಬೌದ್ಧ ಗ್ರಂಥ] * [http://www.bhashaindia.com/Pages/Home.aspx ವಿಂಡೋಸ್ ಇಂಡಿಕ್ ಸ್ಕ್ರಿಪ್ಟ್ ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್] ಡ್ Archived == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == {{Reflist}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಬಾಸೆಲು]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಭಾರತದ ಬಾಸೆಲು]] 0o8gmf12yqnz7j2yeb3xrrb37llboh1 366788 366725 2026-08-23T16:59:10Z ChiK 1136 /* */ 366788 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writing system | name = ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ | altname = | sample = {{Photomontage|position=center | photo1a = Brahmi Varnamala.png{{!}}class=skin-invert-image | photo2a = Brahmi pillar inscription in Sarnath.jpg | size = 250 | spacing = 2 | color = 0 | border = 0 | foot_montage =}} | caption = {{ubl |(ಮಿತ್ತ್) ಆದುನಿಕ ಅಕ್ಷರೊಡು ಅಶೋಕನ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ ಚಾರ್ಟ್ | (ತಿರ್ತ್) ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಒಂಜಿ [[:en:Pillars of Ashoka|ಅಶೋಕ ಸ್ತಂಭ]] ಡ್ [[:en:Sarnath|ಸಾರನಾಥ]] ({{circa|250 BCE}}) }} | type = [[:en:Abugida|ಅಬುಗಿಡ]] | languages = [[ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ]], [[ಪಾಲಿ]], [[ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ]], [[:en:Saka language|ಸಾಕ]], [[:en:Old Uyghur|ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಉಯಿಘರ್]], [[:en:Tamil Brahmi|ತಮಿಳು]], [[:en:Tocharian languages|Tocharian]], [[:en:Elu|ಎಲು]] | time = ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. 3ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ದ್{{sfn|Salomon|1998|pp=11–13}} ಕ್ರಿ.ಶ.5 ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊ ಮುಟ್ಟ | fam1 = [[:en:Egyptian hieroglyphs|ಈಜಿಪ್ಟಿಯನ್ ಚಿತ್ರಲಿಪಿಲು]] | fam2 = [[:en:Proto-Sinaitic script|ಪ್ರೊಟೊ-ಸಿನೈಟಿಕ್]] | fam3 = [[:en:Phoenician alphabet|ಫೀನಿಷಿಯನ್]] | fam4 = [[:en:Aramaic alphabet|ಅರಾಮಿಕ್]] {{small|(disputed)}}{{sfn|Salomon|1996|p=378}}<ref name="Pillai2023">{{cite journal |last=Damodaram Pillai |first=Karan |year=2023 |title=The Hybrid Origin of Brāhmī Script from Aramaic, Phoenician and Greek Letters |journal=Indialogs |volume=10 |pages=93–122 |doi=10.5565/rev/indialogs.213 |quote=The origins of Brāhmī script have been mired in controversy for over a century... Aramaic has remained the leading candidate for the source of Brāhmī}}</ref><ref name="Coningham1996">{{cite journal |last1=Coningham |first1=Robin |last2=Allchin |first2=Frank Raymond |last3=Batt |first3=Catherine M. |last4=Lucy |first4=Dramani |year=1996 |title=Passage to India? Anuradhapura and the Early Use of the Brahmi Script |journal=Cambridge Archaeological Journal |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=73–97 |doi=10.1017/S0959774300001608}}</ref> | sisters = [[:en:Kharosthi|ಖರೋಸ್ಟಿ]] | children = {{clist|title=Brahmi-derived scripts| *[[:en:Gupta script|ಗುಪ್ತ]] **[[:en:Siddham script|Siddham]] ***[[:en:Nagari script|ನಾಗರಿ]] ****[[:en:Devanagari script|Devanagari]] *****[[:en:Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics]] ******[[:en:Pollard script|Pollard]] ****[[:en:Kaithi script|Kaithi]] *****[[:en:Sylheti Nagri|Sylheti Nagri]] ****[[:en:Gujarati script|Gujarati]] ****[[:en:Modi script|Modi]] ***[[:en:Gaudi script|Gaudi]] ****[[:en:Newar script|Newar]] ****[[:en:Bhujimol script|Bhujimol]] ****[[ವRanjana script|Ranjana]] *****[[:en:Soyombo script|Soyombo]] ****[[:en:Bengali–Assamese script|Bengali-Assamese]] ****[[:en:Odia script|Odia]] **[[ವSharada script|Sharada]] ***[[:en:Laṇḍā script|Landa]] ****[[:en:Gurumukhi script|Gurumukhi]] ****[[:en:Khudabadi script|Khudabadi]] ****[[:en:Mahajani script|Mahajani]] **[[:en:Meitei script|Meitei]] **[[:en:Tibetan script|Tibetan]] ***[[:en:Phags-pa script|Phags-pa]] ****[[:en:Zanabazar square script|Zanabazar square]] **[[:en:Kalinga script|Kalinga]] **[[:en:Bhaiksuki script|Bhaiksuki]] *[[:en:Tamil-Brahmi]] **[[:en:Pallava script|Pallava]] ***[[:en:Kawi script|Kawi]] ****[[:en:Balinese script|Balinese]] *****[[:en:Sasak script|Sasak]] ****[[:en:Batak script|Batak]] *****Karo *****Mandailing *****Pakpak *****Simalungun *****Toba ****[[:en:Baybayin script|Baybayin]] *****[[:en:Buhid script|Buhid]] *****[[:en:Hanunoo script|Hanunoo]] *****[[:en:Tagbanwa script|Tagbanwa]] *****[[:en:Kulitan]] ****[[:en:Buda script|Buda]] ****[[:en:Javanese script|Javanese]] ****[[:en:Lontara script|Lontara]] *****[[:en:Lota Ende]] *****[[:en:Mbojo]] *****[[:en:Satera Jontal]] ****[[:en:Makasar script|Makasar]] ****[[:en:Sundanese script|Sundanese]] ****[[:en:Ulu scripts|Ulu]] *****[[:en:Incung script|Incung]] *****[[:en:Komering script|Komering]] *****[[:en:Lampung script|Lampung]] *****[[:en:Lembak]] *****[[:en:Ogan script|ಒಗನ್]] *****[[:en:Pasemah|ಪಸೆಮಃ]] *****[[:en:Rejang script|ರೆಜಾಂಗ್]] *****[[:en:Serawai|ಸೆರವಾಯಿ]] ***[[:en:Cham script|Cham]] ***[[:en:Khmer script|ಖಮೇರ್]] ****[[:en:Sukhothai script|ಸುಖೋತಾಯಿ]] *****[[:en:Thai script|ಥಾಯ್]] *****[[:en:Tai Noi script|ತೈ ನೋಯಿ]] ******[[:en:Lao script|ಲಾವೊ]] ***[[:en:Mon-Burmese script|ಮೂನ್-ಬರ್ಮೀಸ್]] ****[[:en:Chakma script|ಚಕ್ಮ]] ***[[:en:Tamil script|ತಮಿಳು]] ***[[:en:Grantha script|ಗ್ರಂಥ]] ****[[:en:Malayalam script|ಮಲಯಾಳಂ]] ****[[:en:Sinhala script|ಸಿಂಹಳ]] ****[[:en:Dives Akuru|ದಿವೆಸ್ ಅಕುರು]] **[[:en:Vatteluttu|ವತ್ತೆಲುಟ್ಟು]] *[[:en:Kadamba script|ಕದಂಬ]] **[[:en:Pyu script|ಪ್ಯು]] **[[:en:Telugu-Kannada script|ತೆಲುಗು ಕನ್ನಡ]] ***[[:en:Kannada script|ಕನ್ನಡ]] ***[[:en:Telugu script|ತೆಲುಗು]] *[[:en:Tocharian script|ಟೋಚಾರಿಯನ್]] }} | unicode = [https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11000.pdf U+11000–U+1107F] | iso15924 = ಬ್ರಹ್ }} '''ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ''' ಭಾರತೀಯ ಬಾಸೆಲೆಗ್ ಮೂಲ ಲಿಪಿಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ದಿಂಜ ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ದ ಲಿಪಿ. ಉಂದು ಏಷ್ಯಾದ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಲಿಪಿಲೆನ ಬುಲೆಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಕಾರಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="Salomon1998-p17a">{{harvnb|Salomon|1998|p=17}}. "Until the late nineteenth century, the script of the Aśokan (non-Kharosthi) inscriptions and its immediate derivatives was referred to by various names such as 'lath' or 'Lat', 'Southern Aśokan', 'Indian Pali', 'Mauryan', and so on. The application to it of the name Brahmi [''sc. lipi''], which stands at the head of the Buddhist and Jaina script lists, was first suggested by T[errien] de Lacouperie, who noted that in the Chinese Buddhist encyclopedia ''Fa yiian chu lin'' the scripts whose names corresponded to the Brahmi and Kharosthi of the ''Lalitavistara'' are described as written from left to right and from right to left, respectively. He therefore suggested that the name Brahmi should refer to the left-to-right 'Indo-Pali' script of the Aśokan pillar inscriptions, and Kharosthi to the right-to-left 'Bactro-Pali' script of the rock inscriptions from the northwest."</ref> ದೇವನಗರಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಬೇತೆ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಏಷ್ಯಾ, ಆಗ್ನೇಯ ಏಷ್ಯಾ, ಟಿಬೆಟಿಯನ್, ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಕೆಲವು ಜನಕುಲೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಕೊರಿಯನ್ ಲಿಪಿಲೆನ ಬುಲೆಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಉಂದು ಮೂಲ. <ref name="Salomon1998-p17b">{{harvnb|Salomon|1998|p=17}}. "...&nbsp;the Brahmi script appeared in the [[3rd century BC|third century BCE]] as a fully developed pan-Indian national script (sometimes used as a second script even within the proper territory of Kharosthi in the north-west) and continued to play this role throughout history, becoming the parent of all of the modern Indic scripts both within India and beyond. Thus, with the exceptions of the Indus script in the protohistoric period, of Kharosthi in the northwest in the ancient period, and of the Perso–Arabic and European scripts in the medieval and modern periods, respectively, the history of writing in India is virtually synonymous with the history of the Brahmi script and its derivatives."</ref> <ref>{{Cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brahmi|title=Brahmi|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica|date=1999|quote=Among the many descendants of Brāhmī are Devanāgarī (used for Sanskrit, Hindi and other Indian languages), the Bengali and Gujarati scripts and those of the Dravidian languages|accessdate=2017-03-21|archivedate=2020-07-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719005559/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brahmi}}</ref> ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ ನಾಲ್ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಭಾರತೊಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮಾತಾ ಬಾಸೆಲೆನ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಬಾಸೆಡ್ ಬರೆವೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ.ಡ್ ಪಾಣಿನಿ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಅಷ್ಟಾಧ್ಯಾಯಿ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ವ್ಯಾಕರಣೊದ ನಿಯಮೊಲೆನ್ ಪಾಲನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ 4ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು [[:kn:ಕನ್ನಡ|ಕನ್ನಡ]] ಲಿಪಿನ್ '''ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ'''ಡ್ ಬರೆಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಚರ್ಚೆಲು ಉಂಡು. ಮೌರ್ಯ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯೊದ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ [[:kn:ಅಶೋಕ|ಅಶೋಕೆರೆನ]] ಮಾತಾ ಶಾಸನೊಲು '''ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ'''ಡ್ ಬರೆತಿನವು. "ಸುರುತ ತೀರ್ಥಂಕರ ವೃಷಭದೇವೆರ್ ಮಗಲ್ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಸುಂದರಿಗ್ ಕನ್ನಡ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆನ್ ವಿವರಿಸದ್ ಕೊರ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ ಈ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆನ್ 'ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆ ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆನ್ 'ಸುಂದರಿ ಲಿಪಿ' ಪಂದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್." ಸಿರಿ ಭೋಜ್ವಾಯೆ ಈ ವಿಚಾರೊನು ಬಾರೀ ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾದ್ ತೆರಿಪಾದ್ಂಡ್. == ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿತ ಮೂಲೊ == ಅಯಿತ ಮೂಲದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆನ ಬಿನ್ನಾಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಇಂದೆನ್ ಮುಕ್ಯವಾದ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಇಬಾಗೊಗು ಮಲ್ಪೊಲಿ. # ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿತ ಪುಟ್ಟುಗು ಪಿದಯಿ ದೇಸೊದ ಲಿಪಿಕ್ಲೇ ಆದಾರೊ. ಈ ಲಿಪಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊಂಜಿ ದೇಶಡ್ ಉದ್ಭವ ಆದ್, ಭಾರತೊಗು ವಲಸೆ ಬತ್ತ್‌ನಕ್ಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತ್‌ದ್, ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಮುಲ್ಪ ಬುಳೆಚಿಲ್ ಪಡೆವೊಂಡ್ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆನ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊ. ಅಕ್ಲೆಡ್ ಜೇಮ್ಸ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸೆಪ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿತ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ೧೯ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರೂಟೆ ಅದ್ಯಯನ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್, ಉಂದು ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಲಿಪಿಡ್ದ್ ಬುಳೆಯಿನ ಪನ್ಪುನ ತೀರ್ಮಾನೊಗು ಬತ್ತೆ. ಹೆಲೆವಿ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ಉಂದು ಖರೋಷ್ಠಿ, ಅರಮೇಯಿಕ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಲಿಪಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಮಿಶ್ರನೊ. ಇಂದೆತ ಪುಟ್ಟು ಕ್ರಿ. ಪೂ. ನಾಲನೇ ಶತಮಾನಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ ಪನ್ತೆರ್. ಟೆರೆನ್ ಡೆ ಲಾ ಕೊಪಿರೆ ಪನ್ಪಿನಾಯೆ ಉಂದು ಚೀನಾದ ಚಿತ್ರಲಿಪಿಡ್ದ್ (ಪಿಕ್ಟೋಗ್ರಾಫ್) ಬುಲೆಯಿನ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ವಾದ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆ. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಸಿಮಿಟಕ್ ಲಿಪಿಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತ್‌ನೆ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ನಿರ್ಣಯೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆಡ್ ಡಿ.ಕೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕ್ಯಾನನ್ ಐಸಾಕ್ ಟೈಲರ್ ಪ್ರಮುಕೆರ್.. ಬ್ಯೂಲರ್, ವೆಬರ್, ಬೆನ್ಛೇ, ಜೆನ್ಸನ್ ಮುಕುಲು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿಗ್ ಫಿನೀಷಿಯನ್ ಲಿಪಿಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಹೋಲಿಕೆ ಇತ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದ್ ಫಿನೀಷಿಯನ್ ಲಿಪಿಯೇ ಇಂದೆತ ಪುಟ್ಟುಗು ಕಾರಣೊಂದ್ ವಾದೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದೆರ್. # ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಭಾರತೊದ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರೊ ಲಿಪಿ. ಉಂದು ಮೂಲತಃ ಭಾರತೊದ ಲಿಪಿಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆಡ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗುಂಪುಲು ಉಲ್ಲೊ ೧. ಆರ್ಯರ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನೆ ಪನ್ಪುನಕುಲು ೨. ಮೂಲ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಲಿಪಿಂದ್ ವಾದ ಮಲ್ಪುನಕುಲು. ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್, ಕನ್ನಿಂಗ್‍ಹ್ಯಾಮ್, ಲಸ್ಸೆನ್ ಮೆಕ್ಲ್ ವೈದಿಕ ಕಾಲೊದ ಜನಕ್ಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಆರ್ಯರೆಡ್ದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಲಿಪಿತ ಆದಾರೊದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊ ಪಡೆತೆರ್. ಉದಾರ್ಮೆಗ್ ರ-ರಜ್ಜು (ಬಳ್ಳ್). ಮ-ಮುಖ(ಮೋರೆ), ನ-ನಾಸ (ಮೂಂಕು) ಶ-ಶ್ರವಣ (ಕೆಬಿ/ಕಿವಿ) ಇಂಚ. == ಲಿಪಿತ ಮೂಲ | == ಎಡ್ವರ್ಡ್ ಥಾಮಸ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಟಿ.ಎನ್. ಈ ಲಿಪಿ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಮೂಲದಂದ್ ಸುಬ್ರಮಣ್ಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಆರ್ಯೆರ್ ಬರ್ಪಿನೆಗ್ ದುಂಬೇ ದ್ರಾವಿಡೆರ್ ಭಾರತೊಡು ನಿಲೆ ಆದಿತ್ತಿನಕ್ಲೆನ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್ ಒಪ್ಪೊನುವೆರ್. ಆರ್ಯ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ್ರಾವಿಡೆರ್‌ನ ಬಾರೀ ಪ್ರಬಾವೊ ಇತ್ತಿನೆರ್ದಾತ್ರೊ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಉದಿಪನೊಗು ದ್ರಾವಿಡೆರ್ ಕಾರಣೆರ್, ಈ ದ್ರಾವಿಡ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಆರ್ಯೆರ್ ಬುಲೆಪಾಯೆರ್ಂದ್ ಕೆಲವು ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್ ಊಹೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದೆರ್. ಈ ಲಿಪಿ ಬ್ರಹ್ಮಡ್ದ್ ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನವು ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ವಾದೊ. ಬ್ರಹ್ಮವಿದ್ಯೆನ್ ಕಲ್ಪುನೆಕ್ಕಾದ್ ಉದ್ಭವೊ ಆಯಿನ ಈ ಲಿಪಿಗ್ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಪಂದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಬತ್ತ್‌ದ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊನ್ ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ಒಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಉಂದೆತ ಉದ್ಭವ ಭಾರತೊಡೇ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆಗ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರೆಗ್ ಸಿಂಧೂಲಿಪಿ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸಹಕಾರಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆಡ್ ಲಿಪಿತ ಬಳಕೆ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನ ವಿಚಾರೊ ೧೯೨೩ಡ್ ನಡತ್‌ನ ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆದ ಶೋದನೆದ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ (ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. ೨೫೦೦-೧೮೦೦) ತೆರಿದ್ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಸಿಂಧೂ ಲಿಪಿತ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಅದ್ಯಯನೊ ನಾನಲ ಆವೊಡಾಯಿನೆಡ್ದ್ ಅವು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿತ ಪೂರ್ವರೂಪಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆ ಸರಿ ಅತ್ತ್. ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್ ಉಂದು ಸಾಮ್ರಾಟ್ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬೇ ಬಳಕೆಡ್ ಇತ್ತ್‌ದ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ಉಂದು ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲಡ್ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ಗೊತ್ತಿತ್ತ್‌ನ ಪಂಡಿತರೆಡ್ದ್ ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲಡ್ ಪುಟ್ಟುಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆಗ್ ಎಸ್. ಶಂಕರ ನಾರಾಯಣನ್ ನಾಲ್ ಕಾರಣೊಲೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. ೧. ಅಶೋಕಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬು ಬರೆತಿನಂಚಿನ ಲಿಖಿತ ಆದಾರೊಲು ತಿಕ್ಕಂದೆ ಇಪ್ಪುನೆ (ಸಿಂಧೂ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆದ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಬುಡ್ತ್). ೨. ಮೆಗಾಸ್ತನೀಸ್ ಚಂದ್ರಗುಪ್ತ ಮೌರ್ಯನ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಭಾರತೊಗು ಬನ್ನಾಗ ಭಾರತೊಡ್ ಬರೆಪುನೆ ಗೊತ್ತಿಜ್ಜಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಹೇಳಿಕೆ ಕೊರ್ತಿನವು. ೩. ಬೌದ್ಧ ಬಿಕ್ಕುಲೆಗ್ (ಅಶೋಕಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬು) ಬುದ್ಧನ ಉಪದೇಸೊಲೆನ್ ಬಾಯಿ ಪಾತೆರೊಡೇ (ಮೌಕಿಕವಾದ್) ಉಪದೇಶ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತಿನವು. ೪. ಅಶೋಕನ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಡ್ ಹೆಚ್ನದ ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸೊಲು (ಪ್ರಾಂತೀಯ ಬೇದೊಲು) ಇದ್ಯಾಂದೆ ಇಪ್ಪುನೆ. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. ಮೂಜಿನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಸುರುತ ಬಾಗೊಡು ರಚನೆ ಆಂಡ್ಂದ್ ಎಸ್.ಆರ್. ಗೋಯಲ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಡಿ.ಸಿ. ಸರ್ಕಾರ್, ಟಿ., ಈ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊಗು ಒಪ್ಪಿಗೆ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಆವಿಸ್ಕಾರೊ ಆಯಿಜಿಂದ್ ಪಿ.ವರ್ಮೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಅಶೋಕೆರ್ ಈ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪಾಲಿ ಬಾಸೆನ್ ಗಳಸೊಂದು ಬೌದ್ಧ ದರ್ಮನ್ ಪ್ರಚಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪುನವು ತೆರಿಯುಂಡು. ಈ ಮಾತಾ ಅಬಿಪ್ರಾಯೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಅಶೋಕನ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಪುಟ್ಟುದು ಬತ್ತ್‌ನವು ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಅಶೋಕಡ್ದ್ ದುಂಬೇ ಇತ್ತ್‌ನ ಲಿಪಿನ್ ಬುಲೆಪಾಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪುನೆನ್ ನಿಗಂಟಾದ್ ಪನ್‌ಯರ ಸಾದ್ಯೊ ಇದ್ದಿ, ಆಂಡ ಅಯಿತ ಬುಲೆಚಿಲ್‌ಗ್ ಅಶೋಕೆನೆ ಕಾರಣೊಂದ್ ಪನೊಲಿ. ಅಶೋಕನ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಭಾರತೊದ ಸರಳ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪೊರ್ಲುದ ಲಿಪಿ. ಇಂದೆಟ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಲಂಬ ರೇಕೆಲು ಉಂಡು. ಶತಮಾನೊಲು ಕರಿನಂಚನೆ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ ವಿಕಸನೊ ಆದ್ ಕುಷಣ, ಕ್ಷತ್ರಪ, ಶತವಾಹನ, ಗುಪ್ತ ವಂಸೊಲೆನ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆದ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಮಸ್ತ್ ರೂಪೊನ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನವು. == ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿ == {| class="wikitable" !ಕ್ರ.ಸಂ. !ಧ್ವನಿ(Approx.Phoen.sound) !ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮಿ(Direct Brahmi(IAST value)) !ಬದಲಾವಣೆ(Secondarily Derived Brahmi) |- |1 |ʾ [ʔ], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_a.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_a.svg|15x15px]] (a) |ಅ |- |2 |b [b] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_bh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_bh.svg|15x15px]] (ba) |ಬ - [[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_bh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_bh.svg|15x15px]] (bha) |- |3 |g [ɡ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_g.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_g.svg|15x15px]] (ga) |ಗ, (ಘ)- Bhattiprolu gh |- |4 |d [d] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_dh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_dh.svg|15x15px]] (dha) |ಧ -[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_d.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_d.svg|15x15px]] (da), (ḍa), (ḍha) |- |5 |h [h], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_h.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_h.svg|15x15px]] (ha) |ಹ |- |6 |w [w], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_v.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_v.svg|15x15px]] (va |ವ (u), (o)) |- |7 |z [z] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_j.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_j.svg|15x15px]] (ja) |ಜ,ಝ- (jha) |- |8 |ḥ [ħ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_gh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_gh.svg|15x15px]] (gha) |ಘ |- |9 |ṭ [tˤ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_th.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_th.svg|15x15px]] (tha) |ಥ (ṭa), (ṭha) |- |10 |y [j], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_y.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_y.svg|15x15px]] (ya) |ಯ |- |11 |k [k] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_k.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_k.svg|15x15px]] (ka |ಕ |- |12 |l [l] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_l.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_l.svg|15x15px]] (la) |ಲ, Bhattiprolu ḷ |- |13 |m [m] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_m.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_m.svg|15x15px]] (ma) |ಮ, (ಂ) anusvara |- |14 |n [n] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_n.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_n.svg|15x15px]] (na) |ನ, (ṇa) |- |15 |s [s] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_ss.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_ss.svg|15x15px]] (ṣa) |ಸ, (sa) |- |16 |ʿ [ʕ], M.L. |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_e.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_e.svg|15x15px]] (e) |ಏ, ಐ (i), (ai) |- |17 |p [p] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_ph.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_ph.svg|15x15px]] (pa) |ಪ, (pha) |- |18 |ṣ [sˤ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_c.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_c.svg|15x15px]] (ca) |ಚ, (cha) |- |19 |q [q] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_kh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_kh.svg|15x15px]] (kha)1 |ಖ, |- |20 |r [r] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_r.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_r.svg|15x15px]](ra) |ರ |- |21 |š [ʃ] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_sh.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_sh.svg|15x15px]] (śa) |ಶ (ಷ) |- |22 |t [t] |[[ಫೈಲ್:Brahmi_t.svg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Brahmi_t.svg|15x15px]] (ta) |ತ |- |} == ತೂಲೆ == * [[ಕನ್ನಡ ಬಾಸೆ|ಕನ್ನಡ]] * [[ತುಳು ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆ|ಗನ್ನಡ ಅಕ್ಷರಮಾಲೆ]] * [https://kn.wikisource.org/s/be9 ಮೈಸೂರು ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾನಿಲಯ ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ/ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀಲಿಪಿ] == ಪಿದಯಿದ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * ಪ್ರಾಕೃತ, ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ, ಕನ್ನಡ: ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಭಾಷಾ ಸಂಬಂಧೊಲು: [http://www.prajavani.net/news/article/2017/02/05/470193.html ಭಾಷೆಲೆನ ವಂಶಾವಳಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯ ಸಮಾಜ.] [http://www.prajavani.net/news/article/2017/02/05/470193.html ಶೆಟ್ಟರ್;5 ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ, 2017] ಡ್ Archived * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060516000049/http://www.ucl.ac.uk/~ucgadkw/position/salomon.html ಸುರುತ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಲಿಪಿಲೆನ ಮೂಲದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ: ವಾಷಿಂಗ್ಟನ್ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯದ ರಿಚರ್ಡ್ ಸಲೋಮನ್ ನ ಒಂಜಿ ವಿಮರ್ಶೆ ಲೇಖನ] ( [[Web Archive|archive.org]] ಮೂಲಕ) * [[Indian Institute of Science|ಭಾರತೀಯ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯ]] [http://brahmi.sourceforge.net/ ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಯೋಜನೆ] * [http://www.ancientscripts.com/brahmi.html ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಲಿಪಿಗಳು – ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ] * [http://www.virtualvinodh.com/brahmi-lipitva ಬ್ರಾಹ್ಮೀ ಲಿಪಿತ ಬೌದ್ಧ ಗ್ರಂಥ] * [http://www.bhashaindia.com/Pages/Home.aspx ವಿಂಡೋಸ್ ಇಂಡಿಕ್ ಸ್ಕ್ರಿಪ್ಟ್ ಸಪೋರ್ಟ್] ಡ್ Archived == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == {{Reflist}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಬಾಸೆಲು]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಭಾರತದ ಬಾಸೆಲು]] fby6uo8es92oehqguds2gsp3lu0oech 0 27860 366793 365351 2026-08-23T23:53:24Z InternetArchiveBot 4316 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 366793 wikitext text/x-wiki ಆಗ್ರಾ (/ˈɑːɡrə/; ಹಿಂದಿ: Āgarā, pronounced [ˈaːɡɾaː] i) ಭಾರತದ [[ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶ]] ರಾಜ್ಯದ [[ಯಮುನಾ ನದಿ]] ತೀರದ ಒಂಜಿ ನಗರ, ಉಂದು ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗ, ಸುಮಾರ್ 230 ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ (1400) ಆಗ್ನೇಯ ಮೈಲ್ ದೂರೊಡು ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ [[ದೆಹಲಿ]] ರಾಜ್ಯದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ [[ಲಕ್ನೋ]]ದಿಂದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ದಿಕ್ಕು 330 ಕಿ.ಮೀ. ಬ್ರಜ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಭಾಗಲಾ ಉಂದು. ಸುಮಾರ್ ೧.೬ ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಆಗ್ರಾ ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ನಾಲ್ನೆಯ ಅತಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆದ ನಗರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭಾರತೊಡು ಇರ್ವತ್ತಮೂಜನೆ ಅತಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆದ ನಗರ.<ref>https://www.tajmahal.gov.in/about-agra.aspx</ref> ಆಗ್ರಾದ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕಾಲ ಸಿಕಂದರ್ ಖಾನ್ ಲೋಡಿನ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆಡ್ ಸುರು ಆಂಡ್, ಆಂಡ 16ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುತ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಮೊಘಲ್ ನಕುಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಈ ನಗರೊದ ಸುವರ್ಣ ಯುಗ ಸುರು ಆಂಡ್. ಆಗ್ರಾ ಭಾರತದ ಉಪಖಂಡೊದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ನಗರ ಆದ್ ಮೊಘಲ್ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿಲು ಬಾಬರ್, ಹುಮಾಯೂನ್, ಅಕ್ಬರ್, ಜಹಾಂಗೀರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಶಾಜಹಾನ್ ನ ಅಧೀನೊಡು ಮೊಘಲ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಮೊಘಲ್ ಆಡಳಿತೊಡು, ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕಲ್ಪುನ, ಕಲೆ, ವಾಣಿಜ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಧರ್ಮದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಆಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕೋಟೆ, ಸಿಕಂದ್ರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಗ್ರಾದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಅಮೂಲ್ಯವಾಯಿನ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದೆನ್ 1632 ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1648 ನಡುಟು ಶಾ ಜಹಾನ್ ತನ್ನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮುಮ್ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ನ ನೆಂಪುಗು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೮ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಕಡೆಟ್ ಮುಘಲ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯದ ಕುಸಿತೊಡು ಈ ನಗರ ಸುರುಕು ಮರಾಠೆರೆನ ಕೈಟ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈಸ್ಟ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ಕಂಪೆನಿದ ಕೈಟ್ ಬೂರುಂಡು. ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊದ ಪಿರವು, ಆಗ್ರಾ ಒಂಜಿ ಕೈಗಾರಿಕಾ ಊರು ಆದ್ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್, ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಬುಲೆವೊಂದುಪ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರವಾಸೋದ್ಯಮ ಉದ್ಯಮ ಉಂಡು, ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಪಾದರಕ್ಷೆ, ಚರ್ಮ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಉತ್ಪಾದನೆಲಾ ಉಂಡು. ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕೋಟೆ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ತಾಣೊಲು. ಈ ನಗರೊಡು ಸೌಮ್ಯ ಚಳಿಗಾಲ, ಬಿಸಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಣ ಬೇಸಿಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮುಂಗಾರು ಋತು ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಮುಘಲೈ ಪಾಕಪದ್ಧತಿಗ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋತುಂಡು. ಆಗ್ರಾ ದೆಹಲಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜೈಪುರೊದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಗೋಲ್ಡನ್ ಟ್ರಯಾಂಗಲ್ ಪ್ರವಾಸಿ ಸರ್ಕ್ಯೂಟ್ ದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು; ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲಕ್ನೋ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಾರಾಣಸಿದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಪ್ರವಾಸಿ ಸರ್ಕ್ಯೂಟ್ ಆಯಿನ ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಆರ್ಕ್.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Agra</ref> == ಪುದರ್ == ಆಗ್ರಾ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಪುದರ್ ಗ್ ಕೆಲವು ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾಪಿತ ವೃತ್ತಾಂತೊಲು ಉಂಡು, ಅವುಲು ಒವ್ವೆಲಾ ತೃಪ್ತಿದಾಯಕ ಅತ್ತ್. ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಸ್ವೀಕಾರಾರ್ಹ ಎಟಿಮೊನ್ ಪಂಡ ಹಿಂದಿ ಪದ ಅಗರ್ (ಉಪ್ಪು ಪಾತ್ರೆ), ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಉಪ್ಪುದ ಮಣ್ಣ್ ದ ಕಾರಣೊಡ್ದು ಉಂದೆಕ್ ಈ ಪುದರ್ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್; ಉಪ್ಪು ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಆ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಬಾಷ್ಪೀಕರಣೊಡು ಮಲ್ಪುನವು. ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಹಿಂದೂ ಪುರಾಣೊಡ್ದ್ ದೆತೊನುವೆರ್, ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ಪದ ಅಗ್ರ (अग्रೇಕ್) (ಅಕ್ಷರಶಃ 'ಮುಂಭಾಗ') ಪಂಡ ಈ ಸಂದರ್ಭೊಡು ಕೃಷ್ಣ ವೃಂದಾವನದ ಗೋಪಿಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಆಟ ಆಡೊಂದಿತ್ತಿನ ಅನೇಕ ಎಲ್ಯ ಕಾಡುಲೆಡ್ ಸುರುತ ಕಾಡು ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ವಾದ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಅಗ್ರವನ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಪದತ ಅರ್ಥ ತೋಟದ ಕಾಡು<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://uptourism.gov.in/en/page/agra |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2026-08-13 |archivedate=2024-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829153732/https://uptourism.gov.in/en/page/agra |url-status=dead }}</ref> ಮೊಘಲ್ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಆಗ್ರಾನ್ ಅಕ್ಬರಾಬಾದ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲಾ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಈ ಪುದರ್ ನ್ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ ಶಾಜಹಾನ್ ತನ್ನ ಅಜ್ಜ ಅಕ್ಬರ್ ನ ಗೌರವಾರ್ಥ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ == ಮುಘಲ್ ಪೂರ್ವ ಕಾಲ == ಆಗ್ರಾಗ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಇತಿಹಾಸೊಲು ಉಂಡು: ಒಂಜಿ ಯಮುನಾ ನದಿತ ಪೂರ್ವ ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಎಡತ್ತ ದಂಡೆಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ನಗರ, ಕೃಷ್ಣ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಹಾಭಾರತದ ದಂತಕಥೆಲೆಡ್ ಕಳೆವೊಂದಿತ್ತಿನ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಪಿರ ಪೋದು 1504-1505ಡ್ ಸಿಕಂದರ್ ಖಾನ್ ಲೋಡಿ ಪುನಃ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್; ಆಧುನಿಕ ನಗರೊದ ಬೇತೆ ಒಂಜಿ, 1558ಡ್ ಅಕ್ಬರ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನವು, ಮುಘಲ್ ನಕುಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸಂಬಂಧ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ನದಿತ ಬಲತ್ತ ದಂಡೆಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜಗತ್ತ್ ಡ್ ತಾಜ್ ನಗರ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನವು. ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಆಗ್ರಾದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊಲೆನ ಕೆಲವು ಕುರುಹುಲೆನ್ ಬುಡ್ದು ಇತ್ತೆ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಉಂಡು. ಭಾರತೊದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಮುಸ್ಲಿಂ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊಲೆಗ್ ದುಂಬು ವಿವಿಧ ಹಿಂದೂ ರಾಜವಂಶೊಲೆನ ಅಡಿಟ್ ಉಂದು ಒಂಜಿ ಮಹತ್ವದ ಜಾಗೆ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಆಂಡ ಅಯಿತ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾತ್ ಇಜ್ಜಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಆಸಕ್ತಿ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಉಂಡು. ಸಿಕಂದರ್ ಲೋಡಿನ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆದ ದುಂಬುದ ಊರು ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಅಬ್ದುಲ್ಲಾ ಪನ್ಪಿ ೧೭ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವೃತ್ತಾಂತಕಾರೆ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಮಥುರಾದ ರಾಜೆ ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಜೈಲ್ ಆದ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಘಜ್ನಿದ ಮಹಮೂದ್ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ನಾಶೊದ ಪರಿಣಾಮವಾದ್ ಈ ಜಾಗೆದ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನೊದ ಅವನತಿ ಆಂಡ್. ಮಸುದ್ ಸಾ'ದ್ ಸಲ್ಮಾನ್ ಮಹಮೂದ್ ಆಗ್ರಾನ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಅಲ್ಪ ಇತ್ತೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ವಾದ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್, ರಾಜ ಜಪಾಲ್ ಒಂಜಿ ದುಃಸ್ವಪ್ನ ತೂದು ಶರಣಾಗತಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ವಾದ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಮಹ್ಮೂದ್ ಆಂಡಲಾ ನಗರೊನು ಲೂಟಿ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಆಗ್ರಾದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮಹತ್ವದ ಕಾಲ ಸಿಕಂದರ್ ಲೋಡಿನ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಸುರು ಆಂಡ್. ೧೫೦೪-೧೫೦೫ಡ್, ಸುಲ್ತಾನ್ ಸಿಕಂದರ್ ಲೋಡಿ (ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆ ೧೪೮೯-೧೫೧೭), ದೆಹಲಿ ಸುಲ್ತಾನತೆದ ಅಫ್ಘಾನಿ ಆಡಳಿತೆರ್, ಆಗ್ರಾನ್ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿನ್ ಸರ್ಕಾರದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಸಿಕಂದರ್ ಲೋಡಿ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಯೋಗೊನು ನೇಮಕ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ದೆಹಲಿಡ್ದ್ ಎಟಾವಾ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಯಮುನಾದ ಎರಡೂ ಬದಿಲೆನ್ ತಪಾಸಣೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ಸರ್ವೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ಅಂಚನೆ ಎಡತ್ತ ದಂಡೆಡ್ ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಯಮುನಾದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಜಾಗೆನ್ ನಗರೊದ ಜಾಗೆ ಆದ್ ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಯಮುನಾದ ಎಡತ್ತ ದಂಡೆಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಆಗ್ರಾ ರಾಜ ಉಪಸ್ಥಿತಿ, ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು, ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಿಲು, ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್, ಧರ್ಮಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಜ್ಞೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಲಾವಿದೆರ್ನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಬುಲೆಯಿನ ಊರು ಆದ್ ಬುಲೆಂಡ್. ಈ ನಗರ ಭಾರತೊಡು ಇಸ್ಲಾಮಿಕ್ ಕಲ್ಪುನ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಂಡ್. ಸುಲ್ತಾನ್ ನಗರೊದ ಉತ್ತರ ಉಪನಗರೊಡು ಸಿಕಂದ್ರ ಗ್ರಾಮೊನು ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1495ಡ್ ಅಲ್ಪ ಕೆಂಪು ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಒಂಜಿ ಬರದಾರಿನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದೆನ್ ಜಹಾಂಗೀರ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಆದ್ ಪರಿವರ್ತಿಸಯೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಇತ್ತೆ ಅಕ್ಬರ್ ನ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಞಿ ಮರಿಯಮ್-ಉಜ್-ಜಮಾನಿನ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಆದ್ ಉಂಡು ೧೫೧೭ಡ್ ಸುಲ್ತಾನ್ ಸೈತಿನ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ, ಈ ನಗರೊ ಅರೆನ ಮಗೆ ಸುಲ್ತಾನ್ ಇಬ್ರಾಹಿಂ ಲೋದಿಗ್ (೧೫೧೭-೨೬ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್). ೧೫೨೬ಡ್ ನಡತಿನ ಪಾನಿಪತ್ ದ ಸುರುತ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡು ಮೊಘಲ್ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ ಬಾಬರ್ ನ ಕೈಟ್ ಸೋತುದು ಕೊಲೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಆರ್ ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ದ್ ತನ್ನ ಸುಲ್ತಾನೊನು ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. === ಮುಘಲ್ ಯುಗ === ಊರುದ ಸುವರ್ಣ ಯುಗ ಮೊಗಲೆರ್ನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸುರುವಾಂಡ್. ಆಗ್ರಾ 1658 ಮುಟ್ಟ ಉಪಖಂಡೊದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ನಗರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೊಘಲ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯೊದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಅಪಗ ಔರಂಗಜೇಬ್ ಇಡೀ ನ್ಯಾಯಾಲಯೊನು ದೆಹಲಿಗ್ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಮೊಘಲ್ ರಾಜವಂಶದ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕೆರ್ ಆಯಿನ ಬಾಬರ್ (1526-30) ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, 1526ಡ್ ಪಾನಿಪತ್ ದ ಸುರುತ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡು ಲೋಡಿಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗ್ವಾಲಿಯರ್ ದ ತೊಮಾರೆರೆನ್ ಸೋತುದು ಆಗ್ರಾನ್ ಸ್ವಾಧೀನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಪಾನಿಪತ್ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ನಂತರ ಬಾಬರ್ ನ ಆಗ್ರಾದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಸುರು ಆಂಡ್. ಆರ್ ತನ್ನ ಮಗೆ ಹುಮಾಯೂನ್ ನ್ ದುಂಬು ಕಡಪುಡುವೆರ್, ಆರ್ ಊರುನು ವಿರೋಧ ಇಜ್ಜಂದೆ ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಪಾಣಿಪತ್ ಡ್ ಕೊಲೆಯಾತಿನ ಗ್ವಾಲಿಯರ್ ದ ರಾಜೆ ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ ತನ್ನ ಕುಟುಂಬೊನು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕುಲದ ಮುಖ್ಯಸ್ಥೆರೆನ್ ಬುಡ್ದು ಪೋಯೆರ್. ಅಕುಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮನಸ್ಸ್ ಡ್ ತೂದು, ಲೂಟಿಡ್ದ್ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಹುಮಾಯೂನ್ ಗ್ ಕೃತಜ್ಞತೆಡ್, ಅಕುಲು ಅರೆಗ್ ಗೌರವೊದ ಚಿಹ್ನೆ ಆದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮಾಣೊಡು ರತ್ನೊಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಮೂಲ್ಯ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ಲೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ಅವುಲು ಒಂಜಿ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ವಜ್ರ ಕೊಹ್-ಇ-ನೂರ್ ಲಾ ಉಂಡು. ಬಾಬರ್ ಭಾರತೊಡು ಸುರುತ ಔಪಚಾರಿಕ ಮೊಘಲ್ ಉದ್ಯಾನೊನು ಯಮುನಾ ನದಿತ ತೀರೊಡು ಅರಾಮ್ ಬಾಗ್ (ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ವಿಶ್ರಾಂತಿದ ಉದ್ಯಾನ) ನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಬಾಬರ್ ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ ತನ್ನ ಸರ್ಕಾರದ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸೆರೆ ನಿಶ್ಚಯ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ಆ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ನಿರ್ಜನ ನೋಟೊಡ್ದ್ ಬಹುತೇಕ ನಿರಾಸೆ ಆಯೆರ್, ಅರೆನ ಆತ್ಮಚರಿತ್ರೆದ ಬಾಬರ್ನಾಮದ ಈ ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಡ್ದ್ ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟವಾದುಂಡು: ಎಂಕ್ ಯಾಪಲ ತೋಜುಂಡು, ಹಿಂದೂಸ್ತಾನ್ ದ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಖ್ಯ ದೋಷ ಪಂಡ ಕೃತಕ ಜಲಮಾರ್ಗೊಲೆನ ಅಗತ್ಯ. ಎಂಕ್ ಎನ್ನ ನಿವಾಸೊನು ಎಲ್ಲಿ ಸರಿ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗಲಾ, ನೀರ್ ದ ಚಕ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ, ​​ಒಂಜಿ ಕೃತಕ ಸ್ಟ್ರೀಮ್ ನ್ ಉತ್ಪಾದನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ, ​​ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಸೊಬಗುದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿಯಮಿತವಾದ್ ಯೋಜಿಸಾಯಿನ ಆನಂದದ ಮೈದಾನೊನು ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಉದ್ದೇಶಿಸೊಂದಿತ್ತೆ. ಆಗ್ರಾಗ್ ಬತ್ತಿನ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ವಸ್ತುನ್ ತೂದು ಜುಮ್ನಾನ್ ಪಾಸ್ ಮಲ್ತುವ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ತೋಟೊಗು ಸೂಕ್ತ ಜಾಗೆನ್ ತೂಯೆರೆ ದೇಶೊನು ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮಲ್ತುವ. ಪೂರಾ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಘೋರವಾದ್ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಅಂಚಾದ್ ಯಾನ್ ನದಿನ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಅಸಹ್ಯೊಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಸಹ್ಯೊಡು ಪುನರ್ ದಾಟೊಂದಿತ್ತೆ. ಸೌಂದರ್ಯದ ಬೇಡಿಕೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದೇಶದ ಅಸಮ್ಮತಿದ ಭಾಗೊದ ಪರಿಣಾಮವಾದ್, ಯಾನ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಚಾರ್ಬಾಗ್ (ತೋಟದ ಇಲ್ಲ್) ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಎನ್ನ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊನು ಬುಡ್ದು ಪೋಯೆ; ಆಂಡ ಆಗ್ರಾದ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತ ಒವ್ವೆ ಎಡ್ಡೆ ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿ ತೋಜಿಜಿ, ಅಂಚನೆ ಈ ಜಾಗೆನ್ ಎಡ್ಡೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಎಂಕ್ ಬಲವಂತ ಆಂಡ್.... ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಮೂಲೆಡ್ ಎಂಕ್ ಸೂಕ್ತ ತೋಟೊಲೆನ್ ನಡ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ತೋಟೊಡು ಎಂಕ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಾರ್ಸಿಸಸ್ ನ್ ನಿಯಮಿತವಾದ್ ಬುಳೆಪಾಯೆ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜೊಂಜಿ ಗ್ ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಹಾಸಿಗೆಲೆಡ್. ಹಿಂದೂಸ್ತಾನ್ ಡ್ ಮೂಜಿ ವಿಷಯೊಲು ಎಂಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ಕಿರಿಕಿರಿ ಆಂಡ್; ಒಂಜಿ ಅಯಿತ ಉಷ್ಣ, ಬೊಕ್ಕೊಂಜಿ ಗಟ್ಟಿ ಗಾಳಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೂಜಿನೆ ಅಯಿತ ಧೂಳು. ಸ್ನಾನೊಲು ಮೂಜಿ ಅನಾನುಕೂಲೊಲೆನ್ ದೂರ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಸಾಧನ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಬಾಬರ್ ನ ನಗರೊದ, ಅರೆನ ಫಲವಸ್ತುಲೆನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೂತ ತೋಟೊಲೆನ, ಅರಮನೆಲೆನ, ಸ್ನಾನೊಲೆನ, ಟ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಲೆನ, ಬಾವಿಲೆನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜಲಮಾರ್ಗೊಲೆನ ಬಾರಿ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಅವಶೇಷೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಬಾಬರ್ ನ ಚಾರ್ಬಾಗ್ ದ ಅವಶೇಷೊಲೆನ್ ಇನಿ ಯಮುನಾದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗೊಡುಪ್ಪುನ ಅರಾಮ್ ಬಾಗ್ ಡ್ ತೂವೊಲಿ.ಬಾಬುರ್ ನ ನಂತರ ಅರೆನ ಮಗೆ ಹುಮಾಯುನ್ (1530-40 ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1555-56 ಡ್ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್), ಆಂಡ 1539ಡ್ ಕನೌಜ್ ಡ್, ಅರೆನ ಆರೋಹಣೊದ ಕೇವಲ ಒಂಜಿ ವರ್ಷೊಡ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಶೇರ್ ಶಾ ಸೂರಿ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಒರಿ ಅಫ್ಘಾನಿ ಕುಲೀನೆ, ಬಾಬರ್ ಗ್ ಸಮ್ಮತಿ ಕೊರ್ದು, ಆಂಡ ಅರೆನ ಮಗೆನ ವಿರುದ್ಧ ದಂಗೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೫೪೦ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೫೫೬ ನಡುಟು ಮೊಘಲ್ ಆಡಳಿತೊಡು ಈ ಸಣ್ಣ ಅಡ್ಡಿಡ್, ಶೇರ್ ಶಾ ಸೂರಿ, ಅಲ್ಪಕಾಲೊಗು ಸುರ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯೊನು ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೫೫೬ಡ್ ಪಾನಿಪತ್ ದ ರಡ್ಡನೆ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡು ಅಕ್ಬರ್ ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊನು ಪುನರ್ ವಶೊಕ್ ದೆತೊನುವೆರ್. ಅಕ್ಬರ್ (1556–1605ಡ್ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್), ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅರೆನ ಮಗೆ ಶಾ ಜಹಾನ್ ನ ಅಡಿಟ್, [[ಆಗ್ರಾ]] ಜಗತ್ತ್ ದ ಇತಿಹಾಸೊಡು ಅಮರ ಆಂಡ್. ಅಕ್ಬರ್ ಯಮುನಾದ ಬಲತ್ತ ದಂಡೆಡ್ ಆಧುನಿಕ ಆಗ್ರಾ ನಗರೊನು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅಲ್ಪ ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಅಯಿತ ಬಹುಪಾಲು ಭಾಗ ಉಂಡು. ಆರ್ ಈ ನಗರೊನು ರಾಜಕೀಯ, ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ಮಹತ್ವೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊ ಆದ್ ಪರಿವರ್ತಿಸಯೆರ್, ಉಂದೆನ್ ತನ್ನ ವಿಶಾಲ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯೊದ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಅಕ್ಬರ್ [[ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕೋಟೆ]]ದ ಎತ್ತರದ ಕೋಟೆಲೆನ್ ಎತ್ತರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ಆಗ್ರಾನ್ ಕಲ್ಪುನ, ಕಲೆ, ವಾಣಿಜ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಧರ್ಮದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಆದ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಅಕ್ಬರ್ ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ದ್ ಸುಮಾರ್ 35 ಕಿ.ಮೀ ದೂರೊಡು ಫತೇಪುರ್ ಸಿಕ್ರಿ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಪೊಸ ರಾಜಧಾನಿನ್ ಲಾ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಪೊಸ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ನಗರೊನು ನನೊಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿ ಬುಡ್ದು ಪೋಯೆರ್. ಅರೆನ ಸಾವುದ ದುಂಬು, ಆಗ್ರಾ ಬಹುಶಃ ಪೂರ್ವೊಡು ಮಲ್ಲ ನಗರೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆದ್ ಬದಲಾತ್ಂಡ್, ಅಯಿತ ಬಜಾರ್ ಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಾಣಿಜ್ಯ ನಡತೊಂದು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.ಅಕ್ಬರ್ನ ಜೀವನೊಡು ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೧೫೮೫ಡ್ ಆಗ್ರಾಗ್ ಬತ್ತಿನ ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಪ್ರಯಾಣಿಕೆರ್ ರಾಲ್ಫ್ ಫಿಚ್ ಈ ಊರುದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಬರೆತೆರ್ ಅಕ್ಬರ್ ನ ಉತ್ತರಾಧಿಕಾರಿ ಜಹಾಂಗೀರ್ (1605–27 ಡ್ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್) ಸಸ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರಾಣಿವರ್ಗದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಮೋಕೆ ತೋಜಾದ್ ಕೆಂಪು ಕೋಟೆದ ಒಳಗೆ ಮಸ್ತ್ ತೋಟೊಲೆನ್ ಪಾಡ್ದೆರ್. ಜಹಾಂಗೀರ್ ನ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಸಿಕಂದ್ರೊಡು ಅಕ್ಬರನ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಮುಗಿಂಡ್. ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕೋಟೆಡ್ ಜಹಾಂಗೀರಿ ಮಹಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಇತ್ಮದ್-ಉದ್-ದೌಲಾಹ್ ನ ಸಮಾಧಿನ್ ಲಾ ಜಹಾಂಗೀರ್ ನ ಕಾಲೊಡು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಜಹಾಂಗೀರ್ ಲಾಹೋರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರೊನು ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಪ್ರೀತಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ಲಾಹೋರ್ ರಾಜ್ಯೊದ ಸುರುತ ನಗರವಾದ್ ಮುಂದುವರಿಂಡ್. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಶಾ ಜಹಾನ್ (1628-58ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್) ಅರೆನ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆ ಆಗ್ರಾನ್ ಅಯಿತ ವೈಭವದ ಶಿಖರೊಗು ಏರ್ಪಾಡ್ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊಡು ತನ್ನ ತೀವ್ರ ಆಸಕ್ತಿಗ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಶಾಹಜಹಾನ್, ಆಗ್ರಾಗ್ ಅಯಿತ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಅಮೂಲ್ಯವಾಯಿನ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ನ್ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆದ ಪೊಣ್ಣು ಮುಮ್ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ನ ಪ್ರೀತಿದ ನೆನಪುಡು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಈ ಸಮಾಧಿನ್ ೧೬೫೩ಡ್ ಮುಗಿತ್ಂಡ್. ಜಾಮಾ ಮಸೀದಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೋಟೆದ ಒಳಗೆ ದಿವಾನ್-ಇ-ಆಮ್, ದಿವಾನ್-ಇ-ಖಾಸ್, ಮೋತಿ ಮಸೀದಿ ಇಂಚಿನ ಕೆಲವು ಗಮನಾರ್ಹ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆನ್ ಅರೆನ ಆದೇಶೊದ ಅಡಿಟ್ ಯೋಜಿಸದ್ ಮರಣದಂಡನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಶಾಹಜಹಾನ್ ನನೊಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿ 1648ಡ್ ರಾಜಧಾನಿನ್ ಶಾಹಜಹಾನಾಬಾದ್ ಗ್ (ಇತ್ತೆ ದೆಹಲಿ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್) ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅರೆನ ಮಗೆ ಔರಂಗಜೇಬ್ (1658-1707 ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್) == ನನೊಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಲು == ಮೊಘಲ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯದ ಅವನತಿಡ್ದ್ ಕೆಲವು ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ರಾಜ್ಯೊಲು ಪುಟ್ಟುದು ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಕಡೆಟ್ ನಗರೊದ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಣ ಸತತವಾದ್ ಜಾಟ್ ಲೆಗ್, [[ಮರಾಠಿ ಬಾಸೆ|ಮರಾಠೆಲೆ]]ಗ್, [[ಮೊಘಲೆರ್|ಮೊಘಲ್]] ಲೆಗ್, ಗ್ವಾಲಿಯರ್ ದ ಅರಸುಲೆಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಂಚನೆ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ಈಸ್ಟ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ಕಂಪೆನಿಗ್ ಬೂರುಂಡು.ಭರತ್ ಪುರ್ ದ ಹಿಂದೂ ಜಾಟ್ ಲು ಮೊಘಲ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯೊದ ವಿರುದ್ಧ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಯುದ್ಧೊಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೭ನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ಮೊಘಲ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಅಭಿಯಾನೊಲೆನ್ ನಡಪಾಯೆರ್.ಮಹಾರಾಜ ಸೂರಜ್ ಮಲ್ ನ ಅಧೀನೊಡು ಜಾಟ್ ಲು ೧೨ ಜೂನ್ ೧೭೬೧ಡ್ ಆಗ್ರಾನ್ ಗೆಂದಿಯೆರ್, ಒಂಜಿ ತಿಂಗೊಲುದ ಮುತ್ತಿಗೆದ ನಂತರ ಮುಘಲ್ ಲು ಜಾಟ್ ಸೈನ್ಯೊಗು ಶರಣಾಗತಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಗೆಲುವುದ ನಂತರ ಜಾಟ್ ನಕುಲು ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ದ ಬೊಳ್ಳಿದ ಬಾಕಿಲ್ ನ್ ಕರಗಿಸಯೆರ್. ಆಗ್ರಾ 1774 ಮುಟ್ಟ ಜಾಟ್ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಣೊಡು ಉಂಡು, ಅಪಗ ಮೊಘಲ್ ಕಮಾಂಡರ್ ಮಿರ್ಜಾ ನಜಾಫ್ ಖಾನ್ ಅಯಿನ್ ಪುನರ್ ವಶೊಕ್ ದೆತೊನುವೆರ್.ಮುಘಲ್ ಲು ಆಗ್ರಾನ್ ಮರುಪಡೆಯಿನ 11 ವರ್ಸೊಡ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ, 1785ಡ್ ಮುಘಲ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯೊದ ಪಿರವುದ ಮತ್ತೊಂಜಿ ಶಕ್ತಿ ಆಯಿನ ಮರಾಠೆರ್ ಈ ನಗರೊನು ವಶೊಕ್ ದೆತೊನುವೆರ್,ರಡ್ಡನೆ ಆಂಗ್ಲೊ-ಮರಾಠಾ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ನಂತರ 1803ಡ್ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ಈಸ್ಟ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ಕಂಪೆನಿದ ಕೈಟ್ ಬೂರುಂಡು. ೧೮೩೪-೧೮೩೬ಡ್, ಆಗ್ರಾ ಆಗ್ರಾದ ಅಲ್ಪಾವಧಿದ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷೆರೆನ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಉಂದೆನ್ ಒರಿ ರಾಜ್ಯಪಾಲೆರ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಅಪಗ ಉಂದು ೧೮೩೬ಡ್ದ್ ೧೮೫೮ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಉತ್ತರ-ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯೊದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಒರಿ ಲೆಫ್ಟಿನೆಂಟ್-ಗವರ್ನರ್ ನ ಆಡಳಿತೊಡು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಆಗ್ರಾ ೧೮೫೭ಡ್ ನಡತಿನ ಭಾರತದ ಬಂಡಾಯದ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ೧೮೫೭ಡ್ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಬಂಡಾಯದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಭಾರತದ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ ಈಸ್ಟ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ಕಂಪೆನಿದ ಆಡಳಿತ ಬೆದರಿಕೆಡ್ ಇತ್ತಿನಗ, ಮೀರುತ್ ಡ್ ದಂಗೆದ ಸುದ್ದಿ ಮೇ ೧೪ ತಾರೀಕ್ ಗ್ ಆಗ್ರಾಗ್ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಮೇ ೩೦ ತಾರೀಕ್ ಗ್ ೪೪ನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೬೭ನೆ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಪಾದಚಾರಿ ಪಡೆತ ಕೆಲವು ಕಂಪೆನಿಲು ಖಜಾನೆನ್ ತೂಕೊನೆರೆ ಮಥುರಾಗ್ ಕಡಪುಡುವೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಖಜಾನೆನ್ ದೆಹಲಿಡ್ ಬಂಡುಕೋರೆರೆಗ್ ಕೊಂಡೊಂತೆರ್. ಬಂಡಾಯ ಆಗ್ರಾಗ್ ಲಾ ಪಗರುಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಭಯೊಡು, ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ ಗ್ಯಾರಿಸನ್ ದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಈ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಪಾದಚಾರಿ ಬೆಟಾಲಿಯನ್ ಲೆನ ಉಳಿಕೆನ್ ಮೇ ೩೧ ತಾರೀಕ್ ಗ್ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷೆರ್ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾದ್ ನಿಶ್ಶಸ್ತ್ರೀಕರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಜೂನ್ ೧೫ ತಾರೀಕ್ ಗ್ ಗ್ವಾಲಿಯರ್ ದಳ ದಂಗೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನಗ, ಬೇತೆ ಮಾತಾ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಘಟಕೊಲು ಅನುಸರಿಸಯೆರ್. ಜುಲೈ ೨ ತಾರೀಕ್ ಗ್ ನಿಮಚ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಸಿರಾಬಾದ್ ದಳೊಲೆನ ಬಂಡುಕೋರ ಪಡೆ ಫತೇಪುರ್ ಸಿಕ್ರಿಗ್ ತಲುಪುಂಡು. ದಂಗೆಕೋರೆರ್ ಆಗ್ರಾಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಭಯೊಡು, ಸುಮಾರ್ 6000 ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿಕ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟಿನ ಜನಕುಲು ಜುಲೈ 3 ತಾರೀಕ್ ಗ್ ಸುರಕ್ಷತೆಗಾದ್ ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕೋಟೆಗ್ ಬತ್ತೆರ್. ಜುಲೈ ೫ ತಾರೀಕ್ ಗ್, ಅಲ್ಪ ನಿಲೆಯಾತಿನ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ಸೈನ್ಯೊಲು ಸಮೀಪೊಗು ಬರ್ಪಿನ ದಂಗೆಕೋರೆರೆನ ಸೈನ್ಯೊನು ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ಸೋತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷೆರ್ ಕೋಟೆಗ್ ಪಿರ ಬತ್ತೆರ್. ಲೆಫ್ಟಿನೆಂಟ್-ಗವರ್ನರ್, ಜೆ.ಆರ್. ಕೊಲ್ವಿನ್, ಅಲ್ಪನೆ ತೀರ್ ಪೋಯೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅರೆನ್ ದಿವಾನ್-ಐ-ಆಮ್ ದ ಎದುರುಡು ಸಮಾಧಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಬಂಡುಕೋರೆರ್, ಆಂಡಲಾ, ದೆಹಲಿಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಬಂಡುಕೋರೆರೆಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಆಕರ್ಷಣೆ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಜನಸಮೂಹೊದ ದಂಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊಡು ತೀವ್ರ ಅವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡಲಾ, ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷೆರ್ ಜುಲೈ ೮ ತಾರೀಕ್ ಗ್ ಭಾಗಶಃ ಕ್ರಮೊನು ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸೆರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಂಡ್. ದೆಹಲಿ, ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ಡ್ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷೆರೆನ ಕೈಟ್ ಬೂರುಂಡು, ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬ್ರಿಗೇಡಿಯರ್ ಎಡ್ವರ್ಡ್ ಗ್ರೇಥೆಡ್ ನ ನೇತೃತ್ವೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಪದಾತಿ ದಳ ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ ೧೧ ತಾರೀಕ್ ಗ್ ಬಂಡುಕೋರೆರೆನ ವಿರೋಧ ಇಜ್ಜಂದೆ ಆಗ್ರಾಗ್ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಆಂಡ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಆಗಮನೊದ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಂಗೆಕೋರೆರೆನ ಬೇತೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಸೈನ್ಯ ಆಶ್ಚರ್ಯೊಡು ಬ್ರಿಗೇಡ್ ನ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ಸೋತುದು ಸೋತುದು ಪೋಯೆರ್. ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷೆರೆನ ಈ ಎಲ್ಯ ಗೆಲುವುಗು ಆಗ್ರಾ ಯುದ್ಧ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ದೆಹಲಿ, ಝಾನ್ಸಿ, ಮೀರತ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಬಂಡಾಯದ ನಗರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆಗ್ ಹೋಲಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ ನಡತಿನ ದಂಗೆ ತುಲನಾತ್ಮಕವಾದ್ ಎಲ್ಯ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಪಂದ್ ಪನೊಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಈ ನಂತರ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮತ್ತೆ ಸುರಕ್ಷಿತ ಆಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ರಾಜ್ಯ 1947ಡ್ ಭಾರತದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊಗು ಮುಟ್ಟ ನಗರೊನು ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ವಾಯುವ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯೊಲೆನ ರಾಜಧಾನಿನ್ 1858ಡ್ ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ದ್ ಅಲಹಾಬಾದ್ ಗ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಕ್ರಮೇಣ, ಆಗ್ರಾ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಾಂತೀಯ ಊರುದ ಸ್ಥಾನೊಗು ಕುಸಿತ್ಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ ಸಮೃದ್ಧಿ ಕುಸಿತ್ಂಡ್ ಭಾರತೀಯ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಚಳುವಳಿಡ್ ಆಗ್ರಾದ ಪಾತ್ರೊನು ಎಡ್ಡೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ದಾಖಲಾತಿಜಿ. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ದಂಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯದ ನಡುಟು ಇತ್ತಿನ ವರ್ಷೊಲೆಡ್ ಆಗ್ರಾ ಹಿಂದಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉರ್ದು ಪತ್ರಿಕೋದ್ಯಮದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.ಆಗ್ರಾದ ಪಾಲಿವಾಲ್ ಪಾರ್ಕ್ (ದುಂಬು ಹೆವಿಟ್ ಪಾರ್ಕ್) ಗ್ S.K.D ಪಾಲಿವಾಲ್ ನ ಪುದರ್ ದೀತೆರ್, ಯಾನ್ ಹಿಂದಿ ದೈನಿಕ ಸೈನಿಕ್ ನ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ == ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊದ ಪಿರವುದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೊಘಲ್ ಪರಂಪರೆ == ಭಾರತದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯದ ನಂತರ, ಆಗ್ರಾ ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗ ಆದ್ ಕ್ರಮೇಣ ಒಂಜಿ ಕೈಗಾರಿಕಾ ನಗರವಾದ್ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್, ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಆರ್ಥಿಕತೆಗ್ ಮಹತ್ವದ ಕೊಡುಗೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು. ಈ ನಗರ ಇತ್ತೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಜನಪ್ರಿಯ ಪ್ರವಾಸಿ ತಾಣ ಆತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜಗತ್ತ್ ದ ಪ್ರವಾಸಿಲೆನ್ ಆತಿಥ್ಯ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು. [[ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕೋಟೆ 1983ಡ್ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ತಾಣೊಲೆನ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನೊನು ಪಡೆಯೊಂಡು. ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ವರ್ಷೊಡ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಡ್ ಪ್ರವಾಸಿಲೆನ್, ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಾಹಕೆರೆನ್, ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರೆರೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುರಾತತ್ತ್ವಜ್ಞೆರೆನ್ ತೂವೊಲಿ. ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊದ ನಂತರದ ಭಾರತದ ಸಂಕೇತ ಆತ್ಂಡ್, ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ಗ್ ಅಮೇರಿಕದ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷೆರ್ ಡ್ವೈಟ್ ಡಿ. ಐಸೆನ್ಹೋವರ್ (೧೯೫೯), ಬಿಲ್ ಕ್ಲಿಂಟನ್ (೨೦೦೦), ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಡೊನಾಲ್ಡ್ ಟ್ರಂಪ್ (೨೦೨೦) ನಂಚಿನ ವಿಶ್ವ ನಾಯಕೆರ್ ಭೇಟಿ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಕಿಂಗ್ ಡಮ್ ದ ರಾಣಿ ಎಲಿಜಬೆತ್ II ತನ್ನ ಭಾರತ ಭೇಟಿಡ್ 1961ಡ್ ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ಗ್ ಭೇಟಿ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ಗ್ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷೆ ವ್ಲಾಡಿಮಿರ್ ಪುಟಿನ್ (೧೯೯೯), ಚೀನಾದ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷೆ ಹು ಜಿಂತಾವೊ (೨೦೦೬), ಇಸ್ರೇಲ್ ದ ಪ್ರಧಾನಿ ಬೆಂಜಮಿನ್ ನೆತನ್ಯಾಹು (೨೦೧೮) ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೆನಡಾದ ಪ್ರಧಾನಿ ಜಸ್ಟಿನ್ ಟ್ರೂಡೊ (೨೦೧೮) ಲಾ ಭೇಟಿ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ಆಗ್ರಾ ಇತ್ತೆ ಅಳಿದ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ದಿನ-ಇ-ಇಲಾಹಿ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಧರ್ಮದ ಪುಟ್ಟು ಜಾಗೆ, ಉಂದೆನ್ ಅಕ್ಬರ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಾಧಾಸ್ವಾಮಿ ನಂಬಿಕೆಲಾ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದೆಕ್ ಜಗತ್ತ್ ದ ಸುಮಾರ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಅನುಯಾಯಿಲು ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಆಗ್ರಾ ಗೋಲ್ಡನ್ ಟ್ರೈಯಾಂಗಲ್ ಟೂರಿಸ್ಟ್ ಸರ್ಕ್ಯೂಟ್ ಡ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಉಂಡು, ದೆಹಲಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜೈಪುರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಪ್ರವಾಸಿ ಸರ್ಕ್ಯೂಟ್ ಆಯಿನ ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಹೆರಿಟೇಜ್ ಆರ್ಕ್, ಲಕ್ನೋ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಾರಾಣಸಿ == ಭೂಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ == ಆಗ್ರಾದ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತದ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಬಹುತೇಕ ಸಮತಟ್ಟ್ ಮೈದಾನ ಉಂಡು, ನೈಋತ್ಯೊಡು ಗುಡ್ಡೆಲು ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಯಮುನಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚಂಬಲ್ ನದಿಲು ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಗು ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕಾಲುವೆಲಾ ನೀರ್ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತದ ಗ್ರಾಮೀಣ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಬುಳೆಪುನ ಬೆಳೆಲೆಡ್ [[ರಾಗಿ]], ಬಾರ್ಲಿ, [[ಗೋಧಿ|ಗೋಧಿ,]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹತ್ತಿ ಉಂಡು. ರಾಬಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಖರೀಫ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಬುಳೆನ್ ಬುಳೆಪಾವೆರ್. ಫತೇಪುರ್ ಸಿಕ್ರಿದ ನಿರ್ಜನ ನಗರ ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ದ್ ಸುಮಾರ್ 40 ಕಿ.ಮೀ ನೈಋತ್ಯೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಫತೇಪುರ್ ಸಿಕ್ರಿದ ಸಮೀಪೊಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದ ಆಗ್ನೇಯ ಗಡಿಟ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲುದ ಬೆಟ್ಟೊಲು ಮಧ್ಯ ಭಾರತದ ವಿಂಧ್ಯ ಶ್ರೇಣಿಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತಿನ ಶಾಖೆಲು. ಆಗ್ರಾ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ನವದೆಹಲಿಡ್ದ್ ಸುಮಾರ್ 210 ಕಿ.ಮೀ ದೂರೊಡು ಉಂಡು (ಯಮುನಾ ಎಕ್ಸ್ ಪ್ರೆಸ್ ವೇ ಮೂಲಕ), ರಾಜ್ಯ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಲಕ್ನೋಡ್ದ್ ಸುಮಾರ್ 336 ಕಿ.ಮೀ ದೂರೊಡು ಉಂಡು (ಆಗ್ರಾ-ಲಕ್ನೋ ಎಕ್ಸ್ ಪ್ರೆಸ್ ವೇ ಮೂಲಕ), ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾನ್ಪುರ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಸುಮಾರ್ 227 ಕಿ.ಮೀ ದೂರೊಡು ಉಂಡು (ಆಗ್ರಾ-ಲಕ್ನೋ ಎಕ್ಸ್ ಪ್ರೆಸ್ ವೇ ಮೂಲಕ). == ಹವಾಗುಣ == ವ್ಯಾಪಕವಾದ್ ಪನ್ಪುಂಡ, ಆಗ್ರಾದ ಹವಾಮಾನೊನು ಕೊಪ್ಪೆನ್-ಗೀಗರ್ ಹವಾಮಾನ ವರ್ಗೀಕರಣ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಡ್ ಬಿಎಸ್ಎಚ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ವರ್ಗೀಕರಿಸವೊಂಡುಂಡು ಉಂದು ಉಷ್ಣವಲಯದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಪೋಷ್ಣವಲಯದ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಹವಾಮಾನ, ಕೊಪ್ಪೆನ್ ವರ್ಗೀಕರಣೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಹವಾಮಾನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಉಂದು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಅಕ್ಷಾಂಶದ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ ನಿಜವಾದ್ ಮರುಭೂಮಿಲೆನ ಪರಿಧಿಡ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು, ಮರುಭೂಮಿ (ಬಿಡಬ್ಲ್ಯು) ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆರ್ದ್ರತೆದ ನಡುಟು ಒಂಜಿ ಪರಿವರ್ತನೆನ್ ರೂಪಿಸವುಂಡು ಉಪೋಷ್ಣವಲಯದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಷ್ಣವಲಯದ ಹವಾಮಾನೊಲು. ಈ ನಗರೊಡು ಬೆಚ್ಚ ಚಳಿಗಾಲ, ಬೆಚ್ಚ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಣ ಬೇಸಿಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮುಂಗಾರು ಋತು ಉಂಡು. ಆಗ್ರಾ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, ಪಶ್ಚಿಮೊಡು ಮರಳುದ ಥಾರ್ ಮರುಭೂಮಿದ ಸಾಮೀಪ್ಯೊಡ್ದ್, ತುಲನಾತ್ಮಕವಾದ್ ಒಣಸ್ ಆದುಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೂರ್ವೊಡು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಉಷ್ಣಾಂಶದ ಅತಿರೇಕೊಲು ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಉಂಡು. ಬಿಸಿ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗಾಳಿ, ಲೂ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಏಪ್ರಿಲ್, ಮೇ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜೂನ್ ಡ್ ಮಲ್ಲ ಶಕ್ತಿಡ್ ಬೀಸುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಾರಣಾಂತಿಕ ಉಷ್ಣ ಸ್ಟ್ರೋಕ್ ಗ್ ಕಾರಣ ಆಪುಂಡು. ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಮುಟ್ಟ ನೋಂದಾಯಿಸಾಯಿನ ಎಚ್ಚಿನ ಉಷ್ಣಾಂಶ 48.6 °C, 28 ಮೇ 2024 ಗ್. ಮುಂಗಾರು ಮಳೆ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾದ್ ಜುಲೈದ ಸುರುತ ವಾರೊಡು ಸುರುವಾಪುಂಡು; ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾದ್ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ಮಧ್ಯೊಡು ಮುಗಿಪುಂಡು. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ ಮುಂಗಾರು ಮಳೆ ಗಣನೀಯವಾದ್ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡಲಾ, ಭಾರತದ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ ಮಳೆಗಾಲದಲೆಕ ಭಾರೀ ಇಜ್ಜಿ. ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ ಮಧ್ಯೊಗು ವಾತಾವರಣ ಮಧ್ಯಮ ಆಪುಂಡು. ಆಗ್ರಾದ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತದ ಪ್ರದೇಶ, ವಾಯುವ್ಯ ಇಂಡೋ-ಗಂಗಾ ಬಯಲು ಚಳಿಗಾಲೊಡು ತೀವ್ರ ಮಂಜುಗು ಒಳಗಾಪುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಗಾಳಿ, ಕಡಿಮೆ ತಾಪಮಾನ, ವಾಯು ಮಾಲಿನ್ಯೊದ ಜೊತೆಗೆ ತೇವಾಂಶದ ಲಭ್ಯತೆ ಇಂಚಿನ ನೈಸರ್ಗಿಕ ಅಂಶೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಉಂಡಾಪುಂಡು. ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ ಎಚ್ಚಿನ ಮಟ್ಟೊದ ವಾಯು ಮಾಲಿನ್ಯ ಉಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭಾರತೊಡು ಕೆಟ್ಟ AQI ಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. 2010-2016 ವರ್ಷೊಲೆನ ಮಾಹಿತಿನ್ ಬಳಸದ್ WHO ನಡಪಾಯಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊಡು, ದೆಹಲಿ, ಕಾನ್ಪುರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಫರೀದಾಬಾದ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಸಮೀಪದ ನಗರೊಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಆಗ್ರಾ ಭಾರತೊಡು 8ನೇ ಅತಿ ಮಾಲಿನ್ಯೊಡುಪ್ಪುನ ನಗರೊ ಆದ್ ಸ್ಥಾನ ಪಡೆಯಿನವು. 'ಸ್ವಚ್ಛ ವಾಯು ಸರ್ವೇಕ್ಷನ್ 2024 ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಆಗ್ರಾ ಭಾರತೊಡು 3ನೇ ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮ "ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸ್ವಚ್ಛ ಗಾಳಿ ನಗರ" ಸ್ಥಾನೊಡು ಉಂಡು. == ವಾತಾವರಣೊ == ವಾಯು ಮಾಲಿನ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತದ ಯಮುನಾ ನದಿಗ್ ಕಸದ ನೀರ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಹಾನಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್.ಜಗತ್ತ್ ದ ಎಣ್ಮನೇ ಅತಿ ಮಾಲಿನ್ಯದ ನಗರೊಡು ಗಲೀಜ್ ಗಾಳಿಡ್ದ್ ಬಿಳುಪುದ ಅಮೃತಶಿಲೆದ ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ಹಳದಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಚ್ಚೆ ಬಣ್ಣೊಗು ಬದಲಾವೊಂದುಂಡು. ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ಕಸ ತುಂಬಿನ ಯಮುನಾ ನದಿನ್ ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಉಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಆಗಾಗ್ಗೆ ಧೂಳು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಧೂಮಪಾನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಾಹನೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಬರ್ಪಿನ ಮಂಜುಡ್ದ್ ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಯಮುನಾ ನದಿ ಜಗತ್ತ್ ದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಕಲುಷಿತ ನದಿಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. ಯಮುನಾ ನದಿತ ಮಾಲಿನ್ಯೊಗು ದೆಹಲಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಗ್ರಾ ರಡ್ಡನೆ ಮಲ್ಲ ಕೊಡುಗೆ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ದೇಶ. ನದಿದ ಮಾಲಿನ್ಯ ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ಗ್ ಕೆಲವು ಸಮಸ್ಯೆಲೆನ್ ಉಂಟು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ 'ಅಟ್ಯಾಕ್ಸ್ ಬೈ ಬಗ್ಸ್ ಅಂಡ್ ದೆರ್ ಗ್ರೀನ್ ಸ್ಲೈಮ್',ದುರ್ಗಂಧಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊದ ತುಕ್ಕು. ಈ ನದಿಡ್ 90 ನಲಾಸ್ ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಡ್ರೈನ್ ಲು ಉಂದೆಟ್ ತೆರೆಪುಂಡು. ಈ ಡ್ರೈನ್ ಲೆಡ್ 40 ಡ್ರೈನ್ ಲೆನ್ ನಿಲ್ಲಿಸೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಪುರಸಭೆ ವಾದ ಮಲ್ತ್ ಂಡಲಾ, ಮಲ್ಲ ಡ್ರೈನ್ ಲು, ಭೈರೊನ್, ಮಂಟೊಲಾ, ಬಾಲ್ಕೇಶ್ವರ ನಾಲೊಲು ಏರ್ಲಾ ಚೆಕ್ ಮಲ್ಪಂದೆ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಪ್ರಮಾಣೊಡು ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಣ ಆಯಿನ ತ್ಯಾಜ್ಯ ನೀರ್ ನ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಮುಂದುವರಿಸೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಇತ್ಮದ್-ಉದ್-ದೌಲಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಯಮುನಾ ನದಿ ತಳ ಮಾಲಿನ್ಯಕಾರಕೊಲೆನ ಡಂಪಿಂಗ್ ಗ್ರೌಂಡ್ ಆತ್ಂಡ್ ಪಂದ್ ಕಾರ್ಯಕರ್ತೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಪಾಲಿಥೀನ್, ಪ್ಲಾಸ್ಟಿಕ್ ತ್ಯಾಜ್ಯ, ಶೂ ಕಾರ್ಖಾನೆಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತಿನ ಚರ್ಮದ ಕತ್ತರಿಲು, ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಸಾಮಗ್ರಿಲು, ಮಾತ ನದಿಗ್ ಬುಡ್ಪೆರ್. ಆಗ್ರಾ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದ 7% ಡ್ದ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಭಾಗ ಕಾಡು ಆವರಣೊಡು ಉಂಡು.ಆಗ್ರಾದ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜೇ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ವನ್ಯಜೀವಿ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯ ಪಂಡ ಕೀಥಮ್ ಕೆರೆ, ಉಂದೆನ್ ಸುರ್ ಸರೋವರ ಪಕ್ಕಿ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲಾ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಈ ಕೆರೆಟ್ ಸುಮಾರ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಡಜನ್ ಬಗೆತ ವಲಸೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿವಾಸಿ ಪಕ್ಕಿಲು ಉಂಡು. ಸುರ್ ಸರೋವರ ಪಕ್ಷಿ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯೊಡು ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕರಡಿ ರಕ್ಷಣಾ ಸೌಲಭ್ಯ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು 'ನಲಿಪುನ' ಕರಡಿಲೆಗ್ ಭಾರತೊದ ಸುರುತ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯ. ವೈಲ್ಡ್ ಲೈಫ್ ಎಸ್ಒಎಸ್, ಫ್ರೀ ದ ಬಿಯರ್ಸ್ ಫಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕೊರ್ಮೆನಕುಲು ನಡಪಾವುನ ಈ ಸೌಲಭ್ಯೊಡು 620 ಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಸ್ಲೋತ್ ಕರಡಿಲೆನ್ ಪುನರ್ವಸತಿ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ಂಡ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಕಲಾಂಡರ್ಸ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಅಲೆಮಾರಿ ಬುಡಕಟ್ಟ್ ಜನಾಂಗದಕುಲು 'ನಲಿಕೆದ ಕರಡಿಲು' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಶೋಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಈ ಕ್ರಮೊ 1972ಡ್ದ್ ಅಕ್ರಮ ಆಂಡಲಾ. 'ಸ್ವಚ್ಛ ವಾಯು ಸರ್ವೇಕ್ಷನ್ 2024 ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ' ಭಾರತೊಡು ಆಗ್ರಾ 3ನೇ ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮ "ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸ್ವಚ್ಛ ಗಾಳಿ ನಗರ" ಸ್ಥಾನೊಡು ಉಂಡು. == ರಾಜಕೀಯ == ಆಗ್ರಾ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಲೋಕಸಭಾ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರೊಲು ಉಂಡು, ಆಗ್ರಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಫತೇಪುರ್ ಸಿಕ್ರಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ವಿಧಾನಸಭಾ (ಉತ್ತರ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ವಿಧಾನಸಭೆ) ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರದ ಸಂಸದರು ಭಾರತೀಯ ಜನತಾ ಪಕ್ಷದ ಎಸ್ ಪಿ ಸಿಂಗ್ ಬಘೇಲ್. 2022 ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ವಿಧಾನಸಭೆತ ಚುನಾವಣೆದ ದುಂಬು, ಚುನಾವಣೆದ ದುಂಬು ಆಗ್ರಾ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಇನ್ನಗ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಲು ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಕಮಿಷನರೇಟ್ ಆವೊಲಿ ಪಂದ್ ಘೋಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ == ಆರ್ಥಿಕತೆ == ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊಲೆನ ಉಪಸ್ಥಿತಿಡ್ದ್, ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಬುಲೆವೊಂದುಪ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರವಾಸೋದ್ಯಮ ಉದ್ಯಮ ಉಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಿಯೆಟ್ರಾ ದುರಾ, ಮಾರ್ಬಲ್ ಇನ್ಲೇ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾರ್ಪೆಟ್ ಲೆನಂಚಿನ ರಾಜಮನೆತನೊದ ಕರಕುಶಲ ವಸ್ತುಲು ಉಂಡು. 40% ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಕೃಷಿನ್ ಅವಲಂಬಿಸಾಯಿನವು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ಚರ್ಮ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಾದರಕ್ಷೆಲೆನ ವ್ಯವಹಾರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಬ್ಬಿಣದ ಫೌಂಡರಿಲೆನ್ ಅವಲಂಬಿಸವೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಆಗ್ರಾ 2007ಡ್ ಭಾರತೊಡು ವಾರಾಣಸಿದ ಪಿರವು, ಭೋಪಾಲ್, ಇಂದೋರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಾಟ್ನಾದ ಪಿರವುಡು ರಡ್ಡನೆ ಸ್ವ-ಉದ್ಯೋಗೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ನಮೂನೆ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ೧೯೯೯-೨೦೦೦ಡ್, ನಗರೊಡು ಪ್ರತಿ ೧,೦೦೦ ಉದ್ಯೋಗಿ ಪುರುಷೆರೆಡ್ ೪೩೧ ಜನ ಸ್ವಯಂ ಉದ್ಯೋಗಿಲು ಆದಿತ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೨೦೦೪-೦೫ಡ್ ೧,೦೦೦ ಜನೊಕ್ಲೆಡ್ ೬೦೩ ಗ್ ಬುಲೆಂಡ್. ಆಗ್ರಾದ ಆರ್ಥಿಕತೆಡ್ ಪ್ರವಾಸೋದ್ಯಮೊಗು ಮಹತ್ವದ ಪಾತ್ರ ಉಂಡು, 2019ಡ್ ಆಗ್ರಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತದ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊಲೆಗ್ 9.5 ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರವಾಸಿಲು ಭೇಟಿ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ಬೇತೆ ಹೋಟೆಲ್ ಲೆಡ್ ತಾಜ್ ಹೋಟೆಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕನ್ವೆನ್ಶನ್ ಸೆಂಟರ್ ಉಂಡು ಸಂಜಯ್ ಪ್ಲೇಸ್ ಆಗ್ರಾದ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಕೇಂದ್ರ. ಸುಮಾರ್ 12 ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಧ್ಯಮ ಪ್ರಮಾಣದ ಕೈಗಾರಿಕೆಲು ಉಂಡು, ಅವು ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ ವಸ್ತುಲು, ಪೈಪ್ ಲು, ಚರ್ಮದ ವಸ್ತುಲು ಇಂಚಿತ್ತಿನವುಲೆನ್ ಉತ್ಪಾದನೆ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು. ಸುಮಾರ್ 7,200 ಸಣ್ಣ ಪ್ರಮಾಣದ ಕೈಗಾರಿಕಾ ಘಟಕೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ ದಿನೊಕು 1.5 ಲಕ್ಷೊಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಜೋಡಿ ಶೂಲೆನ್ ವಿವಿಧ ಪಾದರಕ್ಷೆ ಘಟಕೊಲು ತಯಾರ್ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಆಗ್ರಾ ನಗರೊಲಾ ಅಯಿತ ಚರ್ಮದ ವಸ್ತುಲೆಗ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋತುಂಡು, ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಚರ್ಮದ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ ತಾಜ್ ಲೆದರ್ ವರ್ಲ್ಡ್ ಸದರ್ ಬಜಾರ್ ಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಕಾರ್ಪೆಟ್ ಲು, ಕರಕುಶಲ ವಸ್ತುಲು, ಜರಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜರ್ಡೋಜಿ (ಕಸೂತಿದ ಬೇಲೆ), ಅಮೃತಶಿಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಕೆತ್ತನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜೋಡಣೆದ ಬೇಲೆ. ಯುಪಿ ಸರ್ಕಾರ 2018-19 ವರ್ಷೊಗು ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಆಗ್ರಾ 40.21 ಬಿಲಿಯನ್ / 40,210 ಕೋಟಿ ಜಿಡಿಪಿನ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಅಂಚಾದ್ ರಾಜ್ಯೊಡು 3ನೇ ಸ್ಥಾನೊಡು ಉಂಡು ಸ್ವಚ್ಛ ಸರ್ವೇಕ್ಷನ್ ೨೦೨೦ಡ್, ಆಗ್ರಾ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರವ್ಯಾಪಿ ೧೬ನೇ ಸ್ಥಾನೊಡು ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲಕ್ನೋದ ನಂತರ ರಾಜ್ಯೊಡು ೨ನೇ ಸ್ಥಾನೊಡು ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ೨೦೧೯ಡ್ ೮೬ನೇ, ೨೦೧೮ಡ್ ೧೦೨ನೇ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೦೧೭ಡ್ ೨೬೩ನೇ ಸ್ಥಾನೊಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಜಂಪ್ ಆಂಡ್. ಸ್ಮಾರ್ಟ್ ಸಿಟಿ ರ್ಯಾಂಕಿಂಗ್ಸ್ ಡ್, ಉಂದು ಪನ್-ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ರ್ಯಾಂಕಿಂಗ್ಸ್ ಡ್ ಲಕ್ನೋಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಮಾರ್ಟ್ ಸಿಟಿ ಯೋಜನೆಲೆನ ಪ್ರಗತಿ/ಪೂರ್ಣಗೊಳಿಸುವಿಕೆದ ದರೊನ್ ಆಧಾರವಾದ್ ವಸತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರ ವ್ಯವಹಾರೊಲೆನ ಸಚಿವಾಲಯ, ಸ್ಮಾರ್ಟ್ ಸಿಟಿ ಯೋಜನೆದ ಅಡಿಟ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಇಲಾಖೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಆಧಾರವಾದ್ 1 ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ 2019 ಡ್ದ್ 1 ಮಾರ್ಚ್ 2020 ಮುಟ್ಟ ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಶ್ರೇಣಿಲೆನ್ ಆಧಾರವಾದ್ ಆಗ್ರಾ 1ನೇ ಸ್ಥಾನೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೨೦೨೦ ಡ್ದ್, ಜನಕುಲು ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಇಲ್ಲಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪೆರೆ ಒತ್ತಾಯ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕೋವಿಡ್-೧೯ ಸಾಂಕ್ರಾಮಿಕ ರೋಗದ ಕಾರಣೊಡ್ದ್ ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ ಕೈಗಾರಿಕಾ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆಲು ಪರಿಣಾಮ ಬೀರುಂಡು. ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ ಕಬ್ಬಿಣದ ಫೌಂಡರಿಲು, ಪ್ರವಾಸೋದ್ಯಮ, ಚರ್ಮದ ಶೂ ಉದ್ಯಮೊಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಹಾನಿಗ್ ಒಳಗಾಯಿನ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರೊಲು. ಕೋವಿಡ್-೧೯ ನಿರ್ಬಂಧೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ರವಾಸೋದ್ಯಮೊಡು ಸುಮಾರ್ ₹ ೨೨ ಬಿಲಿಯನ್ / ೨,೨೦೦ ಕೋಟಿ ನಷ್ಟ ಆಪುಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಉಂಡು. == ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ == ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ [[ಫೈಲ್:Taj_Mahal-10_(cropped).jpg|thumb|back side of Taj Mahal]] ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ಪಂಡ ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣ, ಮುಘಲ್ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ [[ಶಾ ಜಹಾನ್]] ತನ್ನ ಪತ್ನಿ [[ಮುಮ್ತಾಜ್]] ಮಹಲ್ ("ಅರಮನೆಡ್ ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಒರಿ") ಗ್ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಆದ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಆರ್ 1631ಡ್ ಬಾಲೆ ಪುಟ್ಟುನಗ ತೀರ್ ಪೋಯೆರ್, 1621ಡ್ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಮದಿಮೆಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿನ ಅವಿಭಾಜ್ಯ ಜೊತೆಗಾರೆ ಆದಿತ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಭಾರತೊಡು ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧವಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. ನಗರದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗ ಯಮುನಾ ನದಿತ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ (ಬಲ) ದಂಡೆಡ್, ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕೋಟೆದ ಪೂರ್ವೊಗು ಸುಮಾರ್ 1.6 ಕಿ.ಮೀ., ಅಂಚನೆ ಯಮುನಾ ನದಿತ ಬಲ ದಂಡೆಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಭಾರತೀಯ, ಪರ್ಷಿಯನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಇಸ್ಲಾಮಿಕ್ ಶೈಲಿಲೆನ ಮಿಶ್ರಣ ಆಯಿನ ಮೊಘಲ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮ ಉದಾಹರಣೆ ಆದ್ ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ಗುರುತಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದೆ. ಬೇತೆ ಆಕರ್ಷಣೆಲು ಅವಳಿ ಮಸೀದಿ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲು (ಸಮಾಧಿದ ಎರಡೂ ಕಡೆಟ್ ಸಮ್ಮಿತೀಯವಾದ್ ದೀತಿನವು), ಆಹ್ಲಾದಕರ ಉದ್ಯಾನೊಲು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ. ಈ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊನು 1983ಡ್ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ತಾಣ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಗೊತ್ತುಪಡಿಸಯೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ವಿಶ್ವದ ಪೊಸ ಏಳು ಅದ್ಭುತೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ಭಾರತೊಡು ಅತಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಪ್ರವಾಸಿ ತಾಣ ಆದುಂಡು, 2018-19ಡ್ ಸುಮಾರ್ 6.9 ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರವಾಸಿಲೆನ್ ಆಕರ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್ [[ಫೈಲ್:TM_from_Red_Fort.jpg|thumb|TM from Red Fort]] ಮುಖ್ಯ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಬಹುಶಃ ಪರ್ಷಿಯನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಉಸ್ತಾದ್ ಅಹ್ಮದ್ ಲಾಹೋರಿ ಆದಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಮೊಘಲ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ತತ್ವೊಲೆನ್ ಅನುಸರಿಸಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಏಕೀಕೃತ ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವೊದ ರೂಪೊಡು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಗೊಳಿಸಾಯಿನ ಈ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಐನ್ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಅಂಶೊಲು ಮುಖ್ಯ ದ್ವಾರ, ಉದ್ಯಾನ, ಮಸೀದಿ, ಜವಾಬ್ (ಅಕ್ಷರಶಃ 'ಉತ್ತರ', ಮಸೀದಿನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಬಿಂಬಿಸವುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಟ್ಟಡ), ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಾಲ್ ಮಿನಾರ್ ಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸಮಾಧಿ. 1632ಡ್ ಭಾರತ, ಪರ್ಷಿಯಾ, ಒಟ್ಟೊಮನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುರೋಪ್ ದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಇರ್ವತ್ತ ಸಾವಿರೊಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಕಾರ್ಮಿಕೆರ್ 1639ಡ್ ಸಮಾಧಿನ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1643ಡ್ ಅಡ್ಜಂಕ್ಟ್ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆನ್ ಮುಗಿಪಾಯೆರೆ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಕನಿಷ್ಠ 1647 ಮುಟ್ಟ ಅಲಂಕಾರದ ಬೇಲೆ ಮುಂದುವರಿಂಡ್. ಒಟ್ಟುಗು, 24 ಎಕ್ರೆ (17) ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ 22 ವರ್ಷ. [[ಫೈಲ್:Persian_prince_tomb_taj_mahal.jpg|thumb|Persian prince tomb taj mahal]] ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕೋಟೆಡ್ದ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ತೂವೊಲಿ, ಅಲ್ಪಡ್ದ್ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ ಶಾ ಜಹಾನ್ ತನ್ನ ಮಗೆ ಔರಂಗಜೇಬ್ ನ ಕೈದಿಯಾದ್ ತನ್ನ ಜೀವನದ ಕಡೆತ ಎಂಟು ವರ್ಷೊಗು ಉಂದೆನ್ ತೂವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಅಯಿಟ್ ಕುರಾನ್ ದ ಶ್ಲೋಕೊಲು ಕೆತ್ತೆದ್ ಉಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗೇಟ್ ದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ 22 ಎಲ್ಯ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊನು ಕಟ್ಟೆರೆ ಎಂಚ ವರ್ಷ ಬೋಡಾಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನೆನ್ ಸೂಚಿಸವುಂಡು. ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ನ್ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಅಮೃತಶಿಲೆದ ವೇದಿಕೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಸೊಬಗುದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಗು 60 ಅಡಿ (18 ಮೀ) ವ್ಯಾಸ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ 80 ಅಡಿ (24 ಮೀ) ಎತ್ತರ ಉಂಡು; ಈ ಗುಮ್ಮಟದ ಕೆಳ್ಗ್ ನೇರವಾದ್ ಮುಮ್ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ನ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಉಂಡು. ಶಾಜಹಾನ್ ನ ಸಮಾಧಿನ್ ಅರೆನ ಮಗೆ ಔರಂಗಜೇಬ್ ಅಲೆನ ಸಮಾಧಿದ ಬರಿಟ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಒಳಾಂಗಣೊಲೆನ್ ಅರೆ-ಅಮೂಲ್ಯ ಕಲ್ಲುಲೆನ್ ಸೇರಾದ್ ಸೂಕ್ಷ್ಮ ಪಿಯೆಟ್ರಾ ಡ್ಯುರಾ ಇನ್ಲೇ ವರ್ಕ್ ಡ್ ಅಲಂಕರಿಸವೊಂಡುಂಡು. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಫೌಂಡರಿಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತದ ಕಾರ್ಖಾನೆಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಬರ್ಪಿನ ವಾಯು ಮಾಲಿನ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೋಟಾರ್ ವಾಹನೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಬರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಷ್ಕಾಸೊಡ್ದ್ ತಾಜ್ ಗ್ ಹಾನಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್, ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಅಯಿತ ಅಮೃತಶಿಲೆದ ಮುಖಮಂಟಪ.ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊಗು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬೆದರಿಕೆನ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಕೆಲವು ಕ್ರಮೊಲೆನ್ ದೆತೊನುನವು, ಅವುಲು ಕೆಲವು ಫೌಂಡರಿಲೆನ್ ಮುಚ್ಚುನವು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೆಲವು ಫೌಂಡರಿಲೆಡ್ ಮಾಲಿನ್ಯ-ನಿಯಂತ್ರಣ ಸಾಧನೊಲೆನ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು, ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಸುತ್ತಲ ಪಾರ್ಕ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಬಫರ್ ವಲಯೊನು ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತದ ವಾಹನೊಲೆನ ಸಂಚಾರೊನು ನಿಷೇಧ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಇತ್ತೆದ ಕಾಲೊಡು, 'ಮಡ್ ಪ್ಯಾಕ್' ಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆನ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನವುಬಹುಶಃ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್, 1996 ಡ್ ಭಾರತದ ಸುಪ್ರೀಂ ಕೋರ್ಟ್ ತೀರ್ಪುದ ನಂತರ, ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಇತರ ಸಮೀಪದ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊಲೆನ ಸುತ್ತಲ 10,400 km2 (4,000 ಚದರ ಮೈಲಿ) ತಾಜ್ ಟ್ರಾಪೆಜಿಯಂ ವಲಯೊನು ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅಲ್ಪ ಕೈಗಾರಿಕೆಲೆನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಕಟ್ಟುನಿಟ್ಟಾದ ಮಾಲಿನ್ಯ ನಿರ್ಬಂಧೊಲು ಉಂಡು.ಕೆಲವು ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ದೃಶ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ಫಿಶರ್ಸ್ ಡ್ರಾಯಿಂಗ್ ರೂಮ್ ಸ್ಕ್ರ್ಯಾಪ್ ಬುಕ್ಸ್ ಡ್ ಪ್ರಕಟಿಸಯೆರ್, ಅವು ತಾಜ್-ಮಹಲ್, ಆಗ್ರಾ. ಸ್ಯಾಮ್ಯುಯೆಲ್ ಪ್ರೌಟ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಮಧ್ಯ ದೂರದ ಕೋನೊಡ್ದ್ (೧೮೩೨) ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಅವಶೇಷೊಲು. ಆ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಅವಶೇಷೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಎಸ್. ಆಸ್ಟಿನ್ (೧೮೩೬). ರಡ್ಡ್ ಲಾ ಲೆಟಿಟಿಯಾ ಎಲಿಜಬೆತ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡನ್ ನ ಕಾವ್ಯಾತ್ಮಕ ಚಿತ್ರಣೊಲೆನ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ಸೇರಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. == ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕೋಟೆ == [[ಫೈಲ್:Jahangiri_Mahal-Red_Fort-Agra-India5356.JPG|thumb|Jahangiri Mahal-Red Fort-Agra-India5356]] [[ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕೋಟೆ]] ಪನ್ಪುನವು ಆಗ್ರಾದ ಯಮುನಾ ಸುದೆತ ಬರಿಟ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ 16ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮಲ್ಲ ಕೆಂಪು ಮರತ್ತ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಕೋಟೆ. ಉಂದು ಸುರುಕು ಮೊಘಲ್ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ ಅಕ್ಬರೆರ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಗ್ರಾ ಮೊಘಲ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಆದಿತ್ತಿನಗ ರಾಜ ಸರ್ಕಾರದ ಸ್ಥಾನವಾದ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆ ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಿಲಿಟರಿ ನೆಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಾಜವಂಶದ ನಿವಾಸ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಇಸ್ಲಾಂ ಶಾ ಸೂರಿ(ಶೇರ್ ಶಾ ಸೂರಿನ ಮಗೆ) ದುಂಬುದ ಕೋಟೆಲೆನ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕೋಟೆ ಯಮುನಾ ನದಿತ ಬಲತ್ತ ದಂಡೆಡ್ ಉಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ಗ್ (ಕೆಳಮಟ್ಟೊಡು, ಯಮುನಾಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಬಾಗೊದ ಸುತ್ತ) ಒಂಜಿ ಉದ್ಯಾನವನೊದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಸಂಪರ್ಕೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಅಕ್ಬರ್ 1565ಡ್ ಕಮಿಷನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟೆರೆ ಸುಮಾರ್ ಎಂಟು ವರ್ಸೊ ಬೋಡಾಂಡ್ ಕೋಟೆದ ರಚನೆದ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಭಾಗೊನ್ ಅಕ್ಬರ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಒಳಾಂಗಣ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಭಾಗೊಲು ಅರೆನ ಮಗೆ ಜಹಾಂಗೀರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೊಮ್ಮಗ ಶಾ ಜಹಾನ್ ನ ಅಧೀನೊಡು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆಲು ಆಯಿನವು, ಅರೆಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಪೊಸ ರಚನೆಲೆನ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಾಯೆರ್, ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸರ್ತಿ ಅಮೃತಶಿಲೆದ. ಸರಿಸುಮಾರು ಅರೆ-ವೃತ್ತಾಕಾರದ ರಚನೆದ ಕೆಂಪು ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲುದ ಗೋಡೆಲು ಸುಮಾರ್ ೨.೫ ಕಿ.ಮೀ ಪರಿಧಿನ್ ಪಡೆಯೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು, ೨೧ ಮೀಟರ್ ಎತ್ತರೊಗು ಏರುಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಂದಕೊಡು ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಉಂಡು. ಗೋಡೆಲೆಡ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಪ್ರವೇಶದ್ವಾರೊಲು ಉಂಡು: ದೆಹಲಿ ದ್ವಾರ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮೊಗು ಎದುರು ಉಂಡು, ಮೂಲ ಪ್ರವೇಶದ್ವಾರ, ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕೋಟೆ ರೈಲ್ವೆ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜಾಮಾ ಮಸೀದಿಗ್ ಎದುರುಡು ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜಟಿಲವಾದ್ ಅಮೃತಶಿಲೆದ ಒಳಸೇರಣೆಲೆಡ್ ಅಲಂಕರಿಸವೊಂಡುಂಡು; ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಮರ್ ಸಿಂಗ್ ಗೇಟ್ (ಹಾತಿ ಪೋಲ್ ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಆನೆ ಗೇಟ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್) ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊಗು ಎದುರು ಉಂಡು, ಇತ್ತೆ ಕೋಟೆ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊಗು ಒಳಗ್ ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಪಿದಯಿ ಬರ್ಪಿನ ಒಂಜೇ ಸಾಧನ). ಕೋಟೆಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆನ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣ—ಪರ್ಷಿಯನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಟಿಮುರಿಡ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊನು ನೆನಪು ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು, ಜೈನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹಿಂದೂ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊಡ್ದ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸ್ಫೂರ್ತಿ ಪಡೆಯಿನವು—ಒಂಜಿ ನಗರೊದ ಒಳಗೆ ಒಂಜಿ ನಗರೊನು ರೂಪಿಸವುಂಡು ಕೋಟೆದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಆಕರ್ಷಣೆಲೆಡ್ ಜಹಾಂಗೀರಿ ಮಹಲ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊಡು ಮಲ್ಲ ನಿವಾಸ, ಅಕ್ಬರ್ ತನ್ನ ರಾಜಪುತ್ ಪತ್ನಿಲೆಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಖಾಸಗಿ ಅರಮನೆ ಆದ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ದಿವಾನ್-ಇ-ಆಮ್ (ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ಪ್ರೇಕ್ಷಕೆರೆನ ಸಭಾಂಗಣ)ಡ್, ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ಅರ್ಜಿಲೆನ್ ಕೇನ್ವೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಾಜ್ಯ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲೆನ್ ತೂಪೆರ್. ಗೌರವಾನ್ವಿತ ಸಂದರ್ಶಕೆರೆನ್ ಸ್ವಾಗತ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ದೀವಾನ್-ಇ-ಖಾಸ್ (ಖಾಸಗಿ ಪ್ರೇಕ್ಷಕೆರೆನ ಸಭಾಂಗಣ)ನ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಔರಂಗಜೇಬ್ ದೆಹಲಿಗ್ ಲೆತೊಂದು ಪೋಪಿನ ದುಂಬು, ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ನವಿಲು ಸಿಂಹಾಸನೊನು ಅಲ್ಪ ದೀದ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ದಿವಾನ್-ಇ-ಖಾಸ್ ದ ಎದುರುಡು ಮುಸಮ್ಮನ್ ಬುರ್ಜ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಒಂಜಿ ಅಷ್ಟಕೋನ ಗೋಪುರ ಆದುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಶಾ ಜಹಾನ್ ನ ಮೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಞಿ ಮುಮ್ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ನ ನಿವಾಸ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಶಾ ಜಹಾನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಮೋತಿ ಮಸೀದಿ (ಮುತ್ತು ಮಸೀದಿ), ಉಂದು ಪೂರಾ ಬಿಳುಪುದ [[ಅಮೃತಶಿಲೆ]]ಡ್ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ರಚನೆ. ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿನ ಖಾಸಗಿ ನಿವಾಸ ಖಾಸ್ ಮಹಲ್ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಅಯಿತ ಅಮೃತಶಿಲೆದ ಗೋಡೆಲೆನ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಅಮೂಲ್ಯ ರತ್ನೊಲೆಡ್ ಚಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಪೂಕುಲೆನ್ ಅಲಂಕರಿಸೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಅಯಿತ ಈಶಾನ್ಯೊಡು ಶೀಶ್ ಮಹಲ್ (ಕನ್ನಡಿಲೆನ ಅರಮನೆ) ಉಂಡು, ಅಯಿತ ಗೋಡೆಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚಾವಣಿಲು ಸಾವಿರಾರು ಎಲ್ಯ ಕನ್ನಡಿಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟ್ ದ್ ಉಂಡು. ಅಂಗುರಿ ಬಾಗ್, ಮಿನಾ ಬಜಾರ್ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಮಸ್ತ್ ರಚನೆಲು ಈ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಅಯಿತ ಬೇತೆ ಕಾರ್ಯೊಲೆನ ಜೊತೆಗೆ, ಔರಂಗಜೇಬ್, ಅರೆನ ಮಗೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿಯಾದ್ ಉತ್ತರಾಧಿಕಾರಿ, 1658ಡ್ದ್ 1666ಡ್ ಅರೆನ ಸಾವುದ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಶಾಹಜಹಾನ್ ಗ್ ಜೈಲು ಆದ್ ಲಾ ಈ ಕೋಟೆ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. == ಇ'ತಿಮಾದ್-ಉದ್-ದೌಲಾನ ಸಮಾಧಿ == ನೂರ್ ಜಹಾನ್ ತನ್ನ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಮಿರ್ಜಾ ಘಿಯಾಸ್ ಬೇಗ್, ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ ಜಹಾಂಗೀರ್ ನ ಮುಖ್ಯಮಂತ್ರಿ ಆಯಿನ ಇ'ತಿಮಾದ್-ಉದ್-ದೌಲಾಹ್ ನ ಸಮಾಧಿನ್ ಕೆಲವೊಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿ "ಬೇಬಿ ತಾಜ್" ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಯಮುನಾ ನದಿತ ಎಡತ್ತ ದಂಡೆಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಈ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಕ್ರುಸಿಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಗಾರ್ಡನ್ ಡ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದೆಟ್ ನೀರ್ದ ಕೋರ್ಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಾಕ್ವೇಸ್ ಉಂಡು. ಸಮಾಧಿದ ವಿಸ್ತೀರ್ಣ ಸುಮಾರ್ 23 m2 (250 ft2), ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಸುಮಾರ್ 50 m2 (540 ft2) ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುಮಾರ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮೀಟರ್ (3.3 ಅಡಿ) ಎತ್ತರೊಡು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ನೆಲತ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಮೂಲೆಡ್ ಷಟ್ಕೋನ ಗೋಪುರೊಲು ಉಂಡು, ಅವು ಸುಮಾರ್ ಪದಿಮೂಜಿ ಮೀಟರ್ (43 ಅಡಿ) ಎತ್ತರೊಡು ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮುಘಲ್ ಕಾಲೊದ ಬೇತೆ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸಮಾಧಿಲೆಗ್ ಹೋಲಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಎಲ್ಯ ಉಪ್ಪುನೆರ್ದಾತ್ರ, ಕೆಲವೊಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿ ಉಂದು ಒಂಜಿ ರತ್ನದ ಪೆಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ವರ್ಣನೆ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಉದ್ಯಾನದ ಲೇಔಟ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಿಳುಪುದ ಅಮೃತಶಿಲೆ, ಪಿಯೆಟ್ರಾ ದುರಾ, ಒಳಸೇರಣೆ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಲು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜಾಲರಿ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ ಬಳಕೆ ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ದ ಅನೇಕ ಅಂಶೊಲೆನ್ ಸೂಚಿಸವುಂಡು. ಗೋಡೆಲು ರಾಜಸ್ಥಾನೊಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತಿನ ಬಿಳುಪುದ ಅಮೃತಶಿಲೆಡ್ ಅರೆ-ಅಮೂಲ್ಯ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಅಲಂಕಾರೊಲೆನ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ಉಂಡು - ಕಾರ್ನೆಲಿಯನ್, ಜಾಸ್ಪರ್, ಲ್ಯಾಪಿಸ್ ಲಾಜುಲಿ, ಗೋಮೆದ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೈಪ್ರೆಸ್ ಮರಕುಲೆನ ಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೈನ್ ಬಾಟಲಿಲೆನ ಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆಡ್ ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಕಟ್ ಫ್ರುಟ್ ಅತ್ತಂಡ ಪುಷ್ಪಗುಚ್ಛೊಲೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡ ಹೂದಾನಿಲೆನಂಚಿನ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದ್ ಅಲಂಕಾರೊಲು. ಜಟಿಲವಾದ್ ಕೆತ್ತೆದ ಬಿಳುಪುದ ಅಮೃತಶಿಲೆದ ಸೂಕ್ಷ್ಮ ಜಾಲಿ ಪರದೆಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಲ್ಪು ಒಳಾಂಗಣೊಗು ನುಗ್ಗುಂಡು. == ಅಕ್ಬರ ಸಮಾಧಿ, ಸಿಕಂದ್ರ == ಮೊಘಲ್ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ ಅಕ್ಬರ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ನ ಕೊನೆತ ವಿಶ್ರಾಂತಿ ಸ್ಥಳ ಆಯಿನ ಸಿಕಂದ್ರ, ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕೋಟೆಡ್ದ್ ಸುಮಾರ್ ೧೩ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ (೮.೧ ಮೈಲ್) ದೂರೊಡು ದೆಹಲಿ-ಆಗ್ರಾ ಹೆದ್ದಾರಿಡ್ ಉಂಡು.ನಾಲ್ ಮಹಡಿದ ಸಮಾಧಿ ತನ್ನ ಪಿದಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಅಮೃತಶಿಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮರಳುಕಲ್ಲ್ ನ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ಸೇರಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. ಸಿಕಂದ್ರದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಅಕ್ಬರ್ ನ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆಡ್ ಸುರು ಆಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅರೆನ ಉತ್ತರಾಧಿಕಾರಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಗೆ ಜಹಾಂಗೀರ್ 1613ಡ್ ಮುಗಿತ್ಂಡ್. ಈ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಉದ್ಯಾನೊದ ನಡುಟು ಉಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಾಲ್ ಗೋಡೆಲೆಡ್ ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಉಂಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ಗೋಡೆಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ದ್ವಾರ ಉಂಡು. ಅಲ್ಲಾಹ್ ನ 99 ಪುದರ್ ಲೆನ್ ಸಮಾಧಿಡ್ ಕೆತ್ತೆದ್ ದೀತೆರ್. ಮೊಘಲ್ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ ಔರಂಗಜೇಬ್ ಮರಣದಂಡನೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಅರೆನ ಮಾಮ ಗೋಕುಲಾ ಜಾಟ್ ಗ್ ಪ್ರತೀಕಾರ ದೆತೊನುನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ 1688ಡ್ ರಾಜರಾಮ್ ಜಾಟ್ ನ ಅಧೀನೊಡು ಜಾಟ್ ನಕುಲು ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಈ ಸಮಾಧಿದ ಮಿನಾರ್ ಲೆಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಗ್ ಕೆಲವು ಹಾನಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಜಾಟ್ ಲು ಸಮಾಧಿದ ಬಂಗಾರ್, ರತ್ನೊಲು, ಬೊಳ್ಳಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾರ್ಪೆಟ್ ಲೆನ್ ಲೂಟಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಕ್ಬರನ ಮೂಳೆಲೆನ್ ಲಾ ಸುಟ್ಟು ಪಾಡ್ದೆರ್ ಸಿಕಂದ್ರದ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಅಪಾರ ತೋಟೊಲೆಡ್ ಕೆಲವು ಬ್ಲ್ಯಾಕ್ ಬಕ್ಸ್ ಲು ವಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್, ಅವು ಎಟಾವಾ ಸಫಾರಿ ಪಾರ್ಕ್ ಗ್ ಸ್ಥಳಾಂತರ ಆಪಿನ ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆಡ್ ಉಲ್ಲ.ಅಕ್ಬರ್ ನ ಸಮಾಧಿದ ಪಕ್ಕೊಡು, ಅಕ್ಬರ್ ನ ಮೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮರಿಯಮ್-ಉಜ್-ಜಮಾನಿನ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಉಂಡು == ಆಸಕ್ತಿದ ಬೇತೆ ಜಾಗೆಲು == ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ ಬೇತೆ ಕೆಲವು ಆಸಕ್ತಿದ ಜಾಗೆಲುಲಾ ಉಂಡು, ಅವುಲು ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನವು ಅಯಿತ ಮೊಘಲ್ ಕಾಲೊದವು. ಅವು ಬಟ್ಟಿಸ್ ಖಂಬಾ, ಜಾಮಾ ಮಸೀದಿ, ಚಿನಿ ಕಾ ರೌಜಾ, ಅರಾಮ್ ಬಾಗ್, ಮರಿಯಮ್ ನ ಸಮಾಧಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೆಹತಾಬ್ ಬಾಗ್ ಇಂಚಿನವುಲು. ಜಾಮಾ ಮಸೀದಿ ಪಂಡ ಶಾ ಜಹಾನ್ ನ ಮಗೆ ಜಹಾನಾರ ಬೇಗಮ್ ಗ್ ಕಾರಣವಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮಸೀದಿ, 1648ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆತ್ಂಡ್, ಅಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಗುಮ್ಮಟ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಿನಾರ್ಲೆನ ಅನುಪಸ್ಥಿತಿಗ್ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹವಾಯಿನವು. ನೀಲಿ ಮೆರುಗುದ ಅಂಚುಲೆನ ಪರ್ಷಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರಭಾವಿತ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಗು ಗಮನಾರ್ಹವಾದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಚಿನಿ ಕಾ ರೌಜಾ, ಶಾ ಜಹಾನ್ ನ ಪ್ರಧಾನಿ ಅಫ್ಜಲ್ ಖಾನ್ ಗ್ ಸಮರ್ಪಿಸಾಯಿನವು. ಇನಿ ರಾಮ್ ಬಾಗ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುನ ಅರಾಮ್ ಬಾಗ್ ಭಾರತೊಡು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಮೊಘಲ್ ಉದ್ಯಾನೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಮೊಘಲ್ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ ಬಾಬರ್ 1528ಡ್ ಯಮುನಾ ದಂಡೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಉಂದು ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಸುಮಾರ್ 2.3 ಕಿ.ಮೀ (1 ಮೈಲ್) ಉತ್ತರೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಉದ್ಯಾನೊಲೆನ ಮೂಲ ಪುದರ್ ಅರಮ್ ಬಾಗ್ ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ 'ವಿಶ್ರಾಂತಿದ ಉದ್ಯಾನ', ಬಾಬರ್ ತನ್ನ ಬಿಡುವಿನ ಸಮಯೊನು ಕಳೆವೊಂದಿತ್ತಿನ ಜಾಗೆ ಉಂದು. ಮರಿಯಮ್-ಉಜ್-ಜಮಾನಿ ನ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಚಕ್ರವರ್ತಿ ಅಕ್ಬರ್ ನ ಮೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ಮರಿಯಮ್ ನ ಸಮಾಧಿ.ಸಮಾಧಿ ಕ್ರಿಶ್ಚಿಯನ್ ಮಿಷನರಿ ಸೊಸೈಟಿದ ಆವರಣೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಮೆಹತಾಬ್ ಬಾಗ್ ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ 'ಮೂನ್ಲೈಟ್ ಗಾರ್ಡನ್' ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಯಮುನಾ ನದಿತ್ತ ಎದುರುದ ದಂಡೆಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪಕ್ಕಿ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯ ಉಂಡು, ಕೀಥಮ್ ಕೆರೆ. ಸುರ್ ಸರೋವರ ಪಕ್ಕಿ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲಾ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಸುರ್ದಾಸ್ ಮೀಸಲು ಕಾಡುಡು ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಕೆರೆಟ್ ಸುಮಾರ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಡಜನ್ ಬಗೆತ ವಲಸೆ ಬರ್ಪಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿವಾಸಿ ಪಕ್ಕಿಲು ಉಲ್ಲ == ಪಾಕಪದ್ಧತಿ == [[ಫೈಲ್:Petha-from-Agra.JPG|thumb|Petha-from-Agra]] ಆಗ್ರಾ ಬ್ರಜ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಗು ಸೇರುಂಡುಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದೆತ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಬಾಸೆ ಬ್ರಜ್ ಭಾಖ. ಆಗ್ರಾ ತನ್ನ ಬ್ರಜ್ ಪಾಕಪದ್ಧತಿಗ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋತುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ [[ಮಥುರಾ]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೃಂದಾವನದ ಅವಳಿ ನಗರೊಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಪಾಕಶಾಲೆದ ಪರಂಪರೆನ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು. ಆಗ್ರಾದ ಮುಸ್ಲಿಮೆರೆನ ನಡುಟು, ಸಸ್ಯಾಹಾರಿ ಅತ್ತ್ ನ ಆಹಾರ ಜನಪ್ರಿಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಬೂದಿ ಕಾಯಿನ್ ಬಳಸದ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಿಹಿ, ಪೆತಾ, ಆಗ್ರಾದ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಖಾದ್ಯೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಬಗೆಟ್ ಲಭ್ಯ ಉಂಡು. ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯವಾದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬೇತೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಖಾದ್ಯ ಪಂಡ ದಾಲ್ಮೊತ್, ಉಂದು ಮಸಾಲೆದ ಕಜಿಪುದ ದಾಲ್ (ಮಸೂರ), ಕಾಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಣದ್ರಾಕ್ಷಿಡ್ದ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಒಣಸ್ದ ತಿಂಡಿ. ಉಪಾಹಾರದ ವಿಶೇಷತೆಲೆಡ್ ಬೆಡೈ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಒಂಜಿ ಪಫಿ ಕಚೋರಿ (ಆಲ್ ಪರ್ಪಸ್ ಹಿಟ್ಟುಡ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು, ಉಂದು ಡೀಪ್ ಫ್ರೈಡ್ ಆಪುಂಡು) ಒಳಗೆ ಮಸಾಲೆದ ತುಂಬುನವು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾದ್ ಮಸಾಲೆದ ಆಲೂ ಭಾಜಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಾಹಿ (ಮೊಸರು) ದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಸರ್ವ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು.ಒಂಜಿ ತಿಂಡಿದಲೆಕನೆ ಜನಪ್ರಿಯವಾದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನವು ಚಾಟ್, ಒಂಜಿ ಸಾಮೂಹಿಕ ಪದ ಉಂದೆಟ್ ದಹಿ ಭಲ್ಲಾ, ರಾಜ್ ಕಚೋರಿ, ಸಮೋಸೊಲು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗೋಲ್ ಗಪ್ಪ ಇಂಚಿನ ತಿಂಡಿಲು ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಪರಾಠಾ, ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ಯಾನ್ ಫ್ರೈಡ್ ಫ್ಲಾಟ್ ಗೋಧಿ ಬ್ರೆಡ್ ನ್ ಆಲೂಗಡ್ಡೆ, ಹೂಕೋಸು, ಕ್ಯಾರೆಟ್ ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಚೆನಾಡ್ ತುಂಬಿಯೆರ್, ಉಂದುಲಾ ಜನಪ್ರಿಯ ಆದುಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೈದಾ, ಉಪ್ಪಿನಕಾಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚಟ್ನಿದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸೇವನೆ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. == ತಾಜ್ ಮಹೋತ್ಸವ == ತಾಜ್ ಮಹೋತ್ಸವ ಪಂಡ 1992ಡ್ ಸುರು ಆಯಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಉತ್ಸವ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕರಕುಶಲ ಜಾತ್ರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬುಲೆವೊಂದುಂಡು. 2019 ವರ್ಷ ಈ ಮಹೋತ್ಸವದ 28ನೇ ವರ್ಷ. ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ದ ಪೂರ್ವ ದ್ವಾರದ ಕೈತಲ್ ಶಿಲ್ಪ್ಗ್ರಾಮ್ ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಕಂಡೊಡು ಈ ಜಾತ್ರೆ ನಡಪುಂಡು. ಈ ಉತ್ಸವ ಭಾರತ ಸರ್ಕಾರದ ಪ್ರವಾಸೋದ್ಯಮ ಇಲಾಖೆದ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊಲೆನ ಕ್ಯಾಲೆಂಡರ್ ಡ್ ಲಾ ಉಂಡು. ಆಗ್ರಾಗ್ ಬರ್ಪಿನ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆಡ್ ಭಾರತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿದೇಶಿ ಪ್ರವಾಸಿಲು ಈ ಪರ್ಬೊಗು ಸೇರುವೆರ್. ಕುಶಲಕರ್ಮಿಲೆಗ್ ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹ ಕೊರ್ಪುನವು ಈ ಕರಕುಶಲ ಮೇಳದ ಒಂಜಿ ಉದ್ದೇಶ. ಉಂದು ಕಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕರಕುಶಲ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಸಮಂಜಸವಾದ್ ಬೆಲೆಡ್ ಲಭ್ಯ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು, ಅವು ಎಚ್ಚಿನ ನಿರ್ವಹಣೆದ ವೆಚ್ಚೊಡ್ದ್ ಉಬ್ಬುಜಿ. ಮಹೋತ್ಸವ ಪ್ರತೀ ವರ್ಷ ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ 18 ರ್ದ್ 27 ಮುಟ್ಟ ನಡಪುಂಡು. 2020 ತಾಜ್ ಮಹೋತ್ಸವದ ವಿಷಯ ಪಂಡ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಕೆ ರಂಗ್, ತಾಜ್ ಕೆ ಸಂಗ್. ೧೯೯೨ಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುರುತ ಸರ್ತಿ, ತಾಜ್ ಮಹೋತ್ಸವ ೨೦೨೧ ರದ್ದು ಆತ್ಂಡ್, ದಾಯೆ ಪಂಡ ಕೋವಿಡ್-೧೯ ಸಾಂಕ್ರಾಮಿಕ ರೋಗದ ಸಮಯೊಡು ಪ್ರವಾಸೋದ್ಯಮ ನಿರ್ಬಂಧೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ == ವಾಯು ಮಾರ್ಗ == ಏಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೨೦೨೧ ಡ್ದ್, ಇಂಡಿಗೊ ಆಗ್ರಾ ವಿಮಾನ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮುಂಬೈ, ಅಹ್ಮದಾಬಾದ್, ಭೋಪಾಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು ನಡುಟು ನಿಯಮಿತವಾದ್ ವಿಮಾನೊಲೆನ್ ನಡಪಾವುಂಡು. ಖೇರಿಯಾಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಆಗ್ರಾ ವಿಮಾನ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣೊನು ಭಾರತೀಯ ವಾಯುಪಡೆ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಣ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು.ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದ್ ದೇಶೀಯ ಪ್ರಯಾಣೊಗು, ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊಲು ನಗರೊಗು ಸೇವೆ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು: ಇಂದಿರಾ ಗಾಂಧಿ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ವಿಮಾನ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ (ದೆಹಲಿ): ಸುಮಾರ್ ೨೦೦ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ (೧೨೦ ಮೈಲ್) ದೂರೊಡು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಉಂದು ಯಮುನಾ ಎಕ್ಸ್ ಪ್ರೆಸ್ ವೇ ಮೂಲಕ ಆಗ್ರಾಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಪ್ರಾಥಮಿಕ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ದ್ವಾರ ಆದ್ ಉಂಡು. ನೋಯ್ಡಾ ಅಂತರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ವಿಮಾನ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ (ಜೆವರ್): ೨೮ ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೨೦೨೬ಡ್ ಉದ್ಘಾಟನೆ ಆಯಿನ ಈ ವಿಮಾನ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ ಆಗ್ರಾಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸಮೀಪೊಡು ಉಂಡು (ಸುಮಾರ್ ೧೪೦ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ (೮೭ ಮೈಲ್)). ಉಂದು ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ದ್ವಿತೀಯಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಆಪುಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ನಿರೀಕ್ಷೆ ಉಂಡು, ವಾಣಿಜ್ಯ ವಿಮಾನ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಚರಣೆಲು ಏಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೨೦೨೬ಡ್ ಸುರು ಆಪುಂಡು. == ರೈಲ್ == ಆಗ್ರಾ ನಗರೊಗು 7 ರೈಲ್ವೆ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣೊಲು ಉಂಡು, ಅಂಚನೆ, ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕ್ಯಾಂಟನ್ಮೆಂಟ್ (ದೆಹಲಿ - ಮುಂಬೈ ಮಾರ್ಗದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ), ರಾಜ-ಕಿ-ಮಂಡಿ, ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕೋಟೆ (ಜೋಧ್ಪುರ್ - ಹೌರಾ ಮಾರ್ಗದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ), ಇಡ್ಗಾ, ಆಗ್ರಾ ನಗರ, ಜಮುನಾ ಸೇತುವೆ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಿಲ್ಲೊಚ್ಪುರ. ಉಂದು ಭಾರತೀಯ ರೈಲ್ವೆದ ಉತ್ತರ ಮಧ್ಯ ರೈಲ್ವೆ ವಲಯದ ಆಗ್ರಾ ವಿಭಾಗದ ಅಧಿಕಾರ ವ್ಯಾಪ್ತಿಗ್ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ನಗರೊಗು ಬಹು ಮೇಲ್/ಎಕ್ಸ್ಪ್ರೆಸ್ ರೈಲುಲು, ಅಂಚನೆ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ, ಶತಾಬ್ದಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗತಿಮಾನ್ ಎಕ್ಸ್ಪ್ರೆಸ್ ರೈಲುಲು ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು.ಗತಿಮನ್ ಎಕ್ಸ್ ಪ್ರೆಸ್ ಭಾರತದ ಸುರುತ ಅರೆ-ಎಚ್ಚಿನ ರೈಲು ವೇಗದ ಸೇವೆ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಗ್ರಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದೆಹಲಿ ನಡುಟು ಪ್ರಯಾಣದ ಸಮಯೊನು 100 ನಿಮಿಷೊಗು ಕಡಿಮೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ಂಡ್. ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪ್ರವಾಸಿ ತಾಣ ಆಯಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ಆಗ್ರಾಗ್ ಐಷಾರಾಮಿ ರೈಲು ಮಹಾರಾಜಸ್ ಎಕ್ಸ್ ಪ್ರೆಸ್ ಲಾ ಸೇವೆ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು == ರಸ್ತೆ ಸಾರಿಗೆ == ಇನ್ನರ್ ರಿಂಗ್ ರೋಡ್ ಲಿಂಕ್ ಯಮುನಾ ಎಕ್ಸ್ ಪ್ರೆಸ್ ವೇ ಟು ಲಕ್ನೋ ಎಕ್ಸ್ ಪ್ರೆಸ್ ವೇ, ಫತೇಹಾಬಾದ್ ರಸ್ತೆ, ಶಮ್ಶಾಬಾದ್ ರಸ್ತೆ, ಎನ್ ಎಚ್ -3, ಎನ್ ಎಚ್ -11 ಆಗ್ರಾ ಅಂತರ-ರಾಜ್ಯ ಬಸ್ ಟರ್ಮಿನಲ್ (ಐ.ಎಸ್.ಬಿ.ಟಿ.), ಇಡ್ಗಾ ಬಸ್ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ, ತಾಜ್ ಡಿಪೋ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಫೋರ್ಟ್ ಡಿಪೋ ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಬಸ್ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣೊಲು, ಆಗ್ರಾನ್ ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾರತೊದ ಬಹುತೇಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ನಗರೊಲೆಗ್ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ದ್ ಸುರು ಆಪಿನ ಮೂಜಿ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಹೆದ್ದಾರಿಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಎಕ್ಸ್ ಪ್ರೆಸ್ ವೇ (ಯಮುನಾ ಎಕ್ಸ್ ಪ್ರೆಸ್ ವೇ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಗ್ರಾ ಲಕ್ನೋ ಎಕ್ಸ್ ಪ್ರೆಸ್ ವೇ) ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಹೆದ್ದಾರಿಲೆನ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಜಂಕ್ಷನ್ ಆದುಂಡು. == ಆಗ್ರಾ ಮೆಟ್ರೊ == ರೈಲ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ಟೆಕ್ನಿಕಲ್ ಅಂಡ್ ಎಕನಾಮಿಕ್ ಸರ್ವಿಸ್ (RITES) ನಗರೊಡು ಮೆಟ್ರೊ ರೈಲ್ ದ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಕಾರಿಡಾರ್ ಲೆಗ್ 30 ನಿಲ್ದಾಣೊಲೆನ್, 11 ಭೂಗತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 19 ಎತ್ತರೊಡು, ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾಪ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕೋಟೆ ಮೂಲಕ ತಾಜ್ ಮಹಲ್ ದ ಪೂರ್ವ ದ್ವಾರೊಗು ಸಿಕಂದ್ರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾಲಿಂಡಿ ವಿಹಾರೊಗು ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕ್ಯಾಂಟ್ ಮುಟ್ಟ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಸಾಲುಲು ಉಂಡು. ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೨೪, ೨೦೧೭ಡ್, ರಾಜ್ಯದ ಮುಖ್ಯಮಂತ್ರಿ ಯೋಗಿ ಆದಿತ್ಯನಾಥ್ ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಗ್ ಅನುಮೋದನೆ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ ೨೦೧೭ಡ್, ಯುಪಿ ಸರ್ಕಾರದ ಸಚಿವ ಸಂಪುಟ ಪೊಸ ಮೆಟ್ರೊ ನೀತಿದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಡಿಪಿಆರ್ ನ್ ಅನುಮೋದನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಪ್ರಧಾನಿ ನರೇಂದ್ರ ಮೋದಿ 8 ಮಾರ್ಚ್ 2019 ಗ್ ಆಗ್ರಾ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಗು ಶಿಲಾನ್ಯಾಸ ಪಾಡ್ದೆರ್. ಜನವರಿ ೨೦೨೫ ಡ್ದ್, ಆಗ್ರಾ ಮೆಟ್ರೊ ಯೋಜನೆ ಮಹತ್ವದ ಪ್ರಗತಿನ್ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್: ಪ್ರಾಯೋರಿಟಿ ಕಾರಿಡಾರ್, ತಾಜ್ ಈಸ್ಟ್ ಗೇಟ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಮಾ ಮಸ್ಜಿದ್ ಮುಟ್ಟ ೬ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣೊಲೆನ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ೬ ಕಿ.ಮೀ ದೂರೊಡು ಉಂಡು, ೬ ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೨೦೨೪ ಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಣೆನ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಈ ವಿಭಾಗೊಡು ೩ ಎತ್ತರದ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣೊಲು (ತಾಜ್ ಈಸ್ಟ್ ಗೇಟ್, ಬಸಾಯಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಫತೇಹಬಾದ್ ರಸ್ತೆ) ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಗ್ರಾ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣೊಲೆನ ಕೆಳಗ್ ಉಂಡು (3 ಕೋಟೆ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜಾಮಾ ಮಸೀದಿ). ಫೇಸ್ ೧ ದ ಉಳಿಯಿನ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಗ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ನಡತೊಂದುಂಡು, ಉಂದೆಟ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಸಾಲುಲು ಉಂಡು: == ಕಲ್ಪಾಟಿಗೆ == [[ಫೈಲ್:St._peter's_college_agra.jpg|thumb|The senior block]] [[ಆಗ್ರಾ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯ]] ಜುಲೈ ೧, ೧೯೨೭ಡ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯೊಲು, ರಾಜಪುತಾನ, ಮಧ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಹುತೇಕ ಇಡೀ ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾರತೊಗು ವ್ಯಾಪಿಸಾಯಿನ ಕಾಲೇಜ್ ಲೆಗ್ ಸೇವೆ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು. ವಿವಿಧ ಇಲಾಖೆಲೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡ 10 ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಲು ಉಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುಮಾರ್ 700 ಕಾಲೇಜುಲು ಈ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯೊಗು ಸಂಬಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟಿನವು. ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಆಗ್ರಾ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯೊನು ನನೊಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿ ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಮುಖ್ಯಮಂತ್ರಿ ಮಾಯಾವತಿ ಡಾ. ಭೀಮರಾವ್ ಅಂಬೇಡ್ಕರ್ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುನರ್ನಾಮಕರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. [[ಫೈಲ್:Dr._B.R._Ambedkar_university,_Agra_Aqib_Farrukhabadi_Photography-007.jpg|thumb|Dr. B.R. Ambedkar university, Agra Aqib Farrukhabadi Photography-007]] ದುಂಬು ಆಗ್ರಾ ಲನಾಟಿಕ್ ಆಶ್ರಯ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಮಾನಸಿಕ ಆರೋಗ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆನ್ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೧೮೫೯ಡ್ ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ರಾಜ್ಯೊದ ಆಡಳಿತೊಡು ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಉಂದು 172.8 ಎಕ್ರೆ (69.9 ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್) ಜಮಿನ್ ಡ್ ವ್ಯಾಪಕವಾದ್ ಉಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾರತೊಡು ಮಾನಸಿಕ ಅಸ್ವಸ್ಥತೆಲೆನ ಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆ, ತರಬೇತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಗ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಆದುಂಡು. ಈ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆನ್ 1925ಡ್ ಮಾನಸಿಕ ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆ, ಆಗ್ರಾ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ ಮಾತಾ ಪ್ರವೇಶೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಿಡುಗಡೆಲು ಮಾನಸಿಕ ಆರೋಗ್ಯ ಕಾಯ್ದೆ, 1987 ದ ನಿಬಂಧನೆಲೆನ್ ಅನುಸರಿಸಾದ್ ನಡತೊಂದುಂಡು. ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಹಿಂದಿ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ (ಕೇಂದ್ರೀಯ ಹಿಂದಿ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲಾ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್) ಭಾರತ ಸರ್ಕಾರದ ಮಾನವ ಸಂಪನ್ಮೂಲ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ ಸಚಿವಾಲಯೊದ ಅಡಿಟ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ವಾಯತ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ ಆದುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಹಿಂದಿನ್ ವಿದೇಶಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಡ್ಡನೆ ಭಾಷೆ ಆದ್ ಕಲ್ಪಾವುನ ಕೆಲಸೊಡು ತೊಡಗಿನವು. ವಿದೇಶಿ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಲೆಗ್ ವಸತಿ ಹಿಂದಿ ಭಾಷೆದ ಕೋರ್ಸ್ ಲೆನ್ ನಡಪಾವುನ ಜೊತೆಗೆ, ಈ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ ಭಾರತದ ಹಿಂದಿ ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ರಾಜ್ಯೊಲೆಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನ ಹಿಂದಿ ಭಾಷೆದ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕೆರೆಗ್ ನಿಯಮಿತವಾದ್ ತರಬೇತಿ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊಲೆನ್ ಲಾ ನಡಪಾವುಂಡು. ಈ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ ಆಗ್ರಾ ನಗರದ ಪಿದಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು 11 ಎಕರೆ (4.5 ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್) ಕ್ಯಾಂಪಸ್ ಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಕಚೇರಿ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಈ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಗ್ ದೆಹಲಿ, ಹೈದರಾಬಾದ್, ಮೈಸೂರು, ಶಿಲಾಂಗ್, ದಿಮಾಪುರ್, ಗುವಾಹಟಿ, ಅಹ್ಮದಾಬಾದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭುಬ್ನೇಶ್ವರೊಡು ಎಂಟು ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ ಭಾರತೊಡು ಒಂಜೇ ಒಂಜಿ ಸರ್ಕಾರಿ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ ಆದುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಹಿಂದಿನ್ ಒಂಜಿ ವಿದೇಶಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಡ್ಡನೆ ಬಾಸೆ ಆದ್ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೋಧನೆಗ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಸರೋಜಿನಿ ನಾಯ್ಡು ಮೆಡಿಕಲ್ ಕಾಲೇಜ್ ಭಾರತದ ಮೂಜಿ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಮೆಡಿಕಲ್ ಕಾಲೇಜ್ ಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. ಉಂದು ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ರಾಜ್ಯದ ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಪ್ರಥಮ ಮಹಿಳೆ ಗವರ್ನೆಸ್, ಕವಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಹೋರಾಟಗಾರ್ತಿ, ಭಾರತ ಕೋಕಿಲ ಶ್ರೀಮತಿ. [[ಸರೋಜಿನಿ ನಾಯ್ಡು]]. [[ಫೈಲ್:Pc_abhay.jpg|thumb|Pc abhay]] ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕಾಲೇಜು ಭಾರತದ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. ಪಂಡಿತ್ ಗಂಗಾಧರ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಿ, ಒರಿ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್, ೧೮೨೩ಡ್ ಈ ಕಾಲೇಜ್ ನ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೮೮೩ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಈ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಸರ್ಕಾರಿ ಕಾಲೇಜಿ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಟ್ರಸ್ಟಿ ಮಂಡಳಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಸಮಿತಿ ಈ ಕಾಲೇಜಿನ್ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸೊಂದಿತ್ತೆ. ಆಗ್ರಾ ಕಾಲೇಜ್ ಉತ್ತರ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಸುರುತ ಪದವಿನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾರತೊಗು ಸುರುತ ಕಾನೂನು ಪದವಿನ್ ಉತ್ಪಾದನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜೋನ್ಸ್ ಕಾಲೇಜ್, ಆಗ್ರಾ, 1850ಡ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೇಜು, ಇತ್ತೆ ಡಾ.ಭೀಮ್ ರಾವ್ ಅಂಬೇಡ್ಕರ್ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್, ದುಂಬು ಆಗ್ರಾ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಉಂದು ಭಾರತೊಡು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. ಈ ಕಾಲೇಜು ಇಂದಿರಾ ಗಾಂಧಿ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಮುಕ್ತ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯದ ಅಧ್ಯಯನ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊನು ನಡಪಾವೊಂದುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಒಂಜಿ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯ. == ಶಾಲೆಲು == ಆಗ್ರಾದ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕಾಲೇಜ್ ಭಾರತದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಕಾನ್ವೆಂಟ್ ಶಾಲೆಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. ಉಂದು ಭಾರತೀಯ ಸಂವಿಧಾನದ 30ನೇ ಪರಿಚ್ಛೇದದ ಅಡಿಟ್ ಅಲ್ಪಸಂಖ್ಯಾತ ಹಕ್ಕುಲೆನ್ ಮಂಜೂರು ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಅಲ್ಪಸಂಖ್ಯಾತ ಆಂಗ್ಲೊ-ಭಾರತೀಯ ಕ್ರಿಶ್ಚಿಯನ್ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ. ಉಂದು ಮಾಲ್ ರಸ್ತೆದ ಕೈತಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತರ್ಘರ್ ದ ಕೈತಲ್ ಉಂಡು. ಆಗ್ರಾದ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪೀಟರ್ಸ್ ಕಾಲೇಜ್, 1846ಡ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್, ಉಂದು ಭಾರತೊದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಕಾನ್ವೆಂಟ್ ಶಾಲೆಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. ಉಂದು ಭಾರತೀಯ ಸಂವಿಧಾನದ 30ನೇ ಪರಿಚ್ಛೇದದ ಅಡಿಟ್ ಅಲ್ಪಸಂಖ್ಯಾತ ಹಕ್ಕುಲೆನ್ ಮಂಜೂರು ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ರೋಮನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ. == ಮಾಧ್ಯಮ == ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ ದೈನಿಕ್ ಜಾಗ್ರನ್ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಭಾರತೊಡು ಅತಿ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಓದುನ ಹಿಂದಿ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆ.ಅಮರ್ ಉಜಾಲ, ರಾಜಸ್ಥಾನ ಪಾತ್ರಿಕಾ, ಆಜ್, ಹಿಂದೂಸ್ತಾನ್, ದಿ ಸೀ ಎಕ್ಸ್ ಪ್ರೆಸ್, ದೈನಿಕ ಅಮರ್ ಭಾರತಿ, ದೀಪಶೀಲ ಭಾರತ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಡಿಎಲ್ಎ ಇಂಚಿನ ಬೇತೆ ವ್ಯಾಪಕವಾದ್ ಓದುನ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆಲು ಉಂಡು. ಪ್ರಕಟ ಆಪಿನ ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ದೈನಿಕೊಲು ದಿ ಟೈಮ್ಸ್ ಆಫ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ, ಹಿಂದೂಸ್ತಾನ್ ಟೈಮ್ಸ್, ಎಕನಾಮಿಕ್ ಟೈಮ್ಸ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಿ ಪಯನಿಯರ್. ಪ್ರಕಟ ಆಪಿನ ಉರ್ಡಿ ದೈನಿಕೊಲು ಪ್ರಭಂಜನ್ ಸಂಕೇತ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಇಂಕ್ಸಾಫ್. ಐ-ನೆಕ್ಸ್ಟ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಹಿಂದಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಮಿಶ್ರ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆದ ಟ್ಯಾಬ್ಲಾಯ್ಡ್ ಲಾ ಉಂಡು. ಸರ್ಕಾರಿ ಸ್ವಾಮ್ಯದ ಆಲ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ರೇಡಿಯೋ ಆಗ್ರಾಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊನು ದೀದ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಜನಸಾಮಾನ್ಯೆರೆನ ಆಸಕ್ತಿದ ವಿವಿಧ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಸಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು. ನಾಲ್ ಖಾಸಗಿ ಎಫ್ ಎಂ ರೇಡಿಯೋ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊಲು ಉಂಡು, 92.7 ಬಿಗ್ ಎಫ್ ಎಂ (ರಿಲಯನ್ಸ್ ಬ್ರಾಡ್ಕಾಸ್ಟ್ ನೆಟ್ ವರ್ಕ್ ಲಿಮಿಟೆಡ್), 93.7 ಫೀವರ್ ಎಫ್ ಎಂ, 94.5 ತಡ್ಕಾ ಎಫ್ ಎಂ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರೇಡಿಯೋ ಸಿಟಿ 91.9 ಎಫ್ ಎಂ. ಒಂಜಿ ಸಮುದಾಯ ರೇಡಿಯೋ ಸ್ಟೇಷನ್ 90.4 ಎಫ್ ಎಂ ಉಂಡು. <nowiki>[[ವರ್ಗ:Kerala Culture Month 2026]]</nowiki> meym72yedmzmnjke2a8zqw0a3yui2ha 0 27901 366803 365684 2026-08-24T01:27:54Z InternetArchiveBot 4316 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 366803 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ಫೋರ್ಟ್ ಥಾಮಸ್''' ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ '''ಫೋರ್ಟ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಥಾಮಸ್''' ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ '''ಫೋರ್ಟಾಲೆಜಾ ಡಿ ಸಾವೊ ಟೋಮೆ''', '''ಥಂಗಾಸ್ಸೆರಿ ಫೋರ್ಟ್''' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲಾ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಭಾರತದ [[ಕೇರಳ|ಕೇರಳದ]] ಕೊಲ್ಲಂ ನಗರೊದ ಅರೇಬಿಯನ್ ಸಮುದ್ರದ ಕರಾವಳಿಡ್ ಥಂಗಾಸ್ಸೆರಿ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಕರಾವಳಿ ಊರುಡು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಅವಶೇಷ ಕೋಟೆ . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Thangassery Fort - Ruins of a Legacy {{!}} Forts of Kerala {{!}} Kollam {{!}} Heritage Tourism|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/kerala-article/2020/thangassery-fort-ruins-legacy/1026|accessdate=2026-08-04|website=Kerala Tourism|language=en}}</ref> ಕೊಲ್ಲಂ ನಗರ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊಡ್ದ್ ಸುಮಾರ್ ೫ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ ದೂರೊಡು ಉಂಡು. <ref>{{Cite web|last=QResorts Admin|date=2021-02-03|title=St. Thomas Fort Tangasseri, Kollam|url=https://qresorts.in/blog/tourist-attractions-kollam/st-thomas-fort-tangasseri/190/|accessdate=2026-08-04|website=Quilon Beach Hotel|language=en-US}}</ref> ಉಂದು ರಾಜ್ಯದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ [[ತಿರುವನಂತಪುರಮ್|ತಿರುವನಂತಪುರೊಡ್ದ್]] 71 ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ ದೂರೊಡು ಉಂಡು. <ref>{{Cite web|date=1 February 2007|title=Kollam Mayor inspects Tangasseri Fort|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/kollam-mayor-inspects-tangasseri-fort/article1790645.ece|accessdate=23 November 2016|website=The Hindu}}</ref> == ಚರಿತ್ರೆ == [[ಫೈಲ್:Quilon_1505_verbessert.jpg|left|thumb|200x200px| ತಂಗಶೇರಿ ಚಿತ್ರ, ೧೫೦೫. ಈ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಕಡಲತೀರೊಗು ಕೈತಲ್ ತೂವೊಲಿ.]] ಥಂಗಾಸ್ಸೆರಿ ಸುರುತ ಸಹಸ್ರಮಾನೊಡ್ದ್ ಚೀನಾದ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರೊಗು ಸಂಬಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟಿನವು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನನೊಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿ ಪೋರ್ಚುಗೀಸ್, ಡಚ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷೆರೆನ ವಸಾಹತು ಆದ್ "ಚಿನ್ನದ ಊರು" ಆಂಡ್. ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರೆರೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಕ್ಯಾಪ್ಟನ್ ರೊಡ್ರಿಗಸ್ ಕ್ವಿಲನ್ ಗ್ ಬತ್ತ್ ದ್ ರಾಣಿನ ಅನುಮತಿಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಖಾನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರದ ಮುಖ್ಯಸ್ಥೆರಾದ್ ನೇಮಕ ಆಯೆರ್. ಪೊಸತ್ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ ಆಯಿನ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರೊನು ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಅಫೊನ್ಸೊ ಡಿ ಆಲ್ಬುಕರ್ಕ್ ನ ಅಡಿಟ್ ಪೋರ್ಚುಗೀಸ್ ನಕುಲು ಫೋರ್ಟ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಥಾಮಸ್ ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೫೦೫ಡ್, ಪೋರ್ಚುಗೀಸ್ ಲು ಒಂಜಿ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಬಂದರ್ ನ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೫೧೮ಡ್ ಫೋರ್ಟ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಥಾಮಸ್ ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಸಾರ್ವಭೌಮತ್ವೊನು ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ನನ ದುಂಬು ೧೬೬೧ಡ್, ಊರು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಡಚ್ ಲೆಗ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅಕುಲು ಡಚ್ ಮಲಬಾರ್ ದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಡಚ್ ಲು ಕೆಲವು ವರ್ಷ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೭೯೫ಡ್ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ಈಸ್ಟ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ಕಂಪೆನಿ ಈ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ವಶೊಕ್ ದೆತೊನುಂಡು. ೧೮೨೩ಡ್ ಫೋರ್ಟ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಥಾಮಸ್ ನ್ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ಟ್ರಾವಂಕೂರ್ ಸರ್ಕಾರೊಡ್ದ್ ಇರ್ವ ವರ್ಸೊಗು ಗುತ್ತಿಗೆಗ್ ದೆತೊನುದೆರ್.. <ref name="Diocese of Quilon">{{Cite news|url=http://quilondiocese.com/quilon.php?ytopt=parish_details&listId=6|title=Parishes – Roman Catholic Diocese of Quilon|access-date=2 December 2014|location=Kollam, India|quote=Parishes of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Quilon|archive-date=14 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214153913/http://quilondiocese.com/quilon.php?ytopt=parish_details&listId=6|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=St Thomas Fort in Tangasseri – Kollam|url=http://www.colonialvoyage.com/st-thomas-fort-tangasseri-or-thangassery-kerala-india/|accessdate=23 November 2016|publisher=Colonial Voyage|archivedate=2 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161102100903/http://www.colonialvoyage.com/st-thomas-fort-tangasseri-or-thangassery-kerala-india/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ಸೈಂಟ್ ಥಾಮಸ್ ಕೋಟೆ ಸುರುಟು ಸುಮಾರ್ 20 ಅಡಿ ಎತ್ತರೊಡು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಇನಿಕ್ಲಾ "ತಂಗಾಸ್ಸೆರಿ ಕೋಟೆ" ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಕೋಟೆದ ಎಲ್ಯ ಅವಶೇಷೊಲು ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಎದುರು ಉಂಡು. ಇತ್ತೆ ಈ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಆರ್ಕಿಯಾಲಜಿಕಲ್ ಸರ್ವೆ ಆಫ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ (ಎಎಸ್ಐ) ನಡಪಾವೊಂದುಂಡು. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 January 2007|title=Mining rampant at Tangasseri Fort|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/mining-rampant-at-tangasseri-fort/article1789624.ece|accessdate=23 November 2016|website=The Hindu}}</ref> == ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿ == <gallery class="center" mode="packed-overlay"> ಫೈಲ್:Thangassery_Fort_Right_view.jpeg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Thangassery_Fort_Right_view.jpeg|alt=Old – St.Thomas Fort – Right-view| ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ – ಸೈಂಟ್ ಥಾಮಸ್ ಕೋಟೆ – ಬಲತ್ತ ನೋಟ ಫೈಲ್:Thangassery_Fort_Kollam2.jpg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Thangassery_Fort_Kollam2.jpg|alt=Right View| ಬಲತ್ತ ನೋಟ ಫೈಲ್:Thangassery_Fort_Kollam1.jpg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Thangassery_Fort_Kollam1.jpg|alt=Renovated St.Thomas Fort – Front-view| ನವೀಕರಣ ಆಯಿನ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಥಾಮಸ್ ಕೋಟೆ - ಎದುರುದ ನೋಟ ಫೈಲ್:Thangassery_Fort_Kollam_-_DSC03142.jpg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Thangassery_Fort_Kollam_-_DSC03142.jpg|alt=Back Side Entrance| ಪಿರವುದ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ ಫೈಲ್:Thangassery_Fort_Kollam_-_DSC03149.jpg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Thangassery_Fort_Kollam_-_DSC03149.jpg|alt=Inside View| ಒಳ್ ನೋಟ ಫೈಲ್:Thangassery_Fort_Kollam_-_DSC03144.jpg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Thangassery_Fort_Kollam_-_DSC03144.jpg|alt=Main Wall| ಮುಖ್ಯ ಗೋಡೆ ಫೈಲ್:Thangassery_Fort_Kollam_-_DSC03145.jpg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Thangassery_Fort_Kollam_-_DSC03145.jpg|alt=The Windows| ವಿಂಡೋಸ್ </gallery> == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131123175425/http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/30/stories/2007013006640300.htm "ತಂಗಸೆರಿ ಕೋಟೆಡ್ ಗಣಿಗಾರಿಕೆ ಅನಿವಾರ್ಯ ನಡತೊಂದುಂಡು"] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131122170529/http://rotarytangasseri.org/history.html "ತಂಗಸೆರಿನ ಕಿರು ಚರಿತ್ರೆ"] 544h659wu41q8i2b13t0f1c4revcxvg 0 28017 366737 366357 2026-08-23T15:27:56Z ChiK 1136 +{{:Stub}} using [[User:SD0001/StubSorter|StubSorter]] 366737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} '''ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿಕೋಬಾರ್ ದ್ವೀಪೊಲು''' ನಮ ದೇಸೊದ [[ಕೇಂದ್ರಾಡಳಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊಲು|ಕೇಂದ್ರಾಡಳಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊ]]ಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. ನೆಟ್ಟ್ ಒಟ್ಟು 836 ದ್ವೀಪೊಲು ಉಲ್ಲ. ಅವೆಟ್ 31 ದ್ವೀಪೊಲೆಡ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ಜನಕುಲು ವಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Andaman Nicobar News: Public Invited to Name 586 Islands |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/andaman-and-nicobar-islands/andaman-nicobar-administration-seeks-suggestions-from-public-for-naming-586-uninhabited-islands-3833952 |work=Deccan Herald |agency=PTI |date=17 December 2025 |access-date=25 May 2026 |archive-date=18 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118174244/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/andaman-and-nicobar-islands/andaman-nicobar-administration-seeks-suggestions-from-public-for-naming-586-uninhabited-islands-3833952 |url-status=live }}</ref> ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ಬುಕ್ಕ ನಿಕೋಬಾರ್‌ನ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗುಂಪುಲಾದ್ ವಿಂಗಡಿಸದೆರ್. ಅವು- ಬಡಕಾಯಿದ ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ದ್ವೀಪೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತೆನ್ಕಾಯಿದ ನಿಕೋಬಾರ್ ದ್ವೀಪೊಲು. ಈ ರಡ್ಡ್ ದ್ವೀಪೊಲ್ನ ನಡುಟು 150 ಕಿ.ಮೀ ಅಗೆಲದ 'ಟೆನ್ ಡಿಗ್ರಿ ಚಾನೆಲ್' ಉಂಡು. ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ನಿಕೋಬಾರ್‌ದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಶ್ರೀ ವಿಜಯ ಪುರಂ (ಪರ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋರ್ಟ್ ಬ್ಲೇರ್). ಉಂದು ಈ ದ್ವೀಪೊದ ಮಾಮಲ್ಲ ಪೇಂಟೆಲಾ ಅಂದ್. ಶ್ರೀ ವಿಜಯಪುರಮ್ ಭಾರತದ ಚೆನ್ನೈಡ್ದ್ ಸುಮಾರು 1,190 ಕಿ.ಮೀ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೋಲ್ಕತ್ತಾಡ್ದ್ 1,255 ಕಿ.ಮೀ ದೂರೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಈ ದ್ವೀಪೊಲು ಪಡ್ಡಾಯಿಡ್ ಬಂಗಾಳ ಕೊಲ್ಲಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೂಡಾಯಿಡ್ ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ಸಮುದ್ರದ ನಡುಟು ಉಂಡು. ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ನಿಕೋಬಾರ್‌ದ ತೆನ್ಕಾಯಿ ಕೊಡಿಟ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಇಂದಿರಾ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್, ಭಾರತದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ತೆನ್ಕಾಯಿದ ಕೊಡಿಯಾದುಂಡು. ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿಕೋಬಾರ್‌ದ ಒಟ್ಟು ಇಸ್ತೀರ್ನೊ ೮೨೪೯ ಚದರ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ ಉಂಡು. ಅಂಚನೆ ಮುಲ್ಪದ ಒಟ್ಟು ಜನಸಂಕ್ಯೆ ೨೦೧೧ನೇ ಇಸವಿದ ಕಾನೇಸ್ಮಾರಿದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ೩,೮೦,೫೮೧ ಉಂಡು. ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ನಿಕೋಬಾರ್‌ಡ್ದ್ ೧೮೫ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ ದೂರೊಡು [[ಇಂಡೋನೇಷ್ಯಾ]], ೨೮೦ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ ದೂರೊಡು [[ಮ್ಯಾನ್ಮಾರ್|ಮಯನ್ಮಾರ್]], ೬೫೦ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ ದೂರೊಡು ಥಾಯ್ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ದೇಸೊಲು ಉಲ್ಲ. ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಈ ದೇಸೊಲೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸಮುದ್ರಗಡಿನ್ ಪಟ್ಟೋಂದುಂಡು. ಆಡಳಿತಾತ್ಮಕವಾದ್ ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ನಿಕೋಬಾರ್ ದ್ವೀಪೊಲೆನ್ ೩ ವಿಬಾಗ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದೆರ್. ಅವು ಪನ್ನಗ- ನಿಕೋಬಾರ್ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, ಬಡಕಾಯಿ ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ ಬುಕ್ಕ ತೆಂಕಾಯಿ-ಮದ್ಯೊದ ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ. ಮುಲ್ಪದ ಮೂಲ ಅಂಡಮಾನಿ ಜನಕುಲು 30,000 ವರ್ಸೊಗ್ ದುಂಬು, ಮಧ್ಯ ಶಿಲಾಯುಗದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡ್ದೇ ಮುಲ್ಪ ಇತ್ತೆರ್ ಪಂಡ್‍ದ್ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊಡು ತೆರಿದ್ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮುಲ್ಪದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ 2,200 ವರ್ಸೊ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಪಿರ ಪೋಪುಂಡು. 11ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು, ತಮಿಳು ಅರಸೆರ್ ಆಯಿನ ಚೋಳೆರ್, ಆಗ್ನೇಯ ಏಷ್ಯಾಡ್ ದಂಡಯಾತ್ರೆ ಮಲ್ಪರೆಗಾತ್ರ ಈ ದ್ವೀಪೊಲೆನ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೌಕಾನೆಲೆತ ಲೆಕ ಗಳಸೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. 1755ಡ್ ಈ ದ್ವೀಪೊಗು ಬತ್ತಿನ ಸುರುತ ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ನೆರ್ ಪಂಡ ಡ್ಯಾನಿಶ್ ಈಸ್ಟ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ಕಂಪೆನಿ. 1868ದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಈ ದ್ವೀಪೊಲು ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ಆಡಳಿತದ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗ ಆಂಡ್. ರಡ್ಡನೇ ಮಹಾಯುದ್ಧದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಜಪಾನ್ ಈ ದ್ವೀಪೊಲೆನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಳಿ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ವಶಮಲ್ತೊಂಡ್. 1947ಡ್ ಭಾರತೊಗು ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ತಿಕ್ಕಿಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಭಾರತದ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯ ಆಂಡ್. ಐಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1950ಡ್ ಭಾರತದ ಸಂವಿಧಾನ ಜಾರಿಗ್ ಬತ್ತಿಬೊಕ್ಕ ಇಂದೆನ್ ಕೇಂದ್ರಾಡಳಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶವಾದ್ ಗುರ್ತಿಸಯೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical Background of Andaman |url=https://southandaman.nic.in/history/ |website=southandaman.nic.in |publisher=Deputy commissioner Office ,South Andaman , Developed and hosted by National Informatics Centre |access-date=20 August 2026}}</ref> ==ಪುದರ್== ==ಇತಿಹಾಸೊ== ==ಹವಾಗುಣ== ==ಬೌಗೋಳಿಕ ಮಾಹಿತಿ== ==ಜನಸಂಕ್ಯಾ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೊ== ==ಉಲ್ಲೇಕ== {{reflist}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಭಾರತೊದ ಕೇಂದ್ರಾಡಳಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊಲು]] {{:Stub}} i6w4jb071fda3tnpian1103y4q8tdmd 366739 366737 2026-08-23T15:28:51Z ChiK 1136 366739 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} '''ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿಕೋಬಾರ್ ದ್ವೀಪೊಲು''' ನಮ ದೇಸೊದ [[ಕೇಂದ್ರಾಡಳಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊಲು|ಕೇಂದ್ರಾಡಳಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊ]]ಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. ನೆಟ್ಟ್ ಒಟ್ಟು 836 ದ್ವೀಪೊಲು ಉಲ್ಲ. ಅವೆಟ್ 31 ದ್ವೀಪೊಲೆಡ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ಜನಕುಲು ವಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Andaman Nicobar News: Public Invited to Name 586 Islands |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/andaman-and-nicobar-islands/andaman-nicobar-administration-seeks-suggestions-from-public-for-naming-586-uninhabited-islands-3833952 |work=Deccan Herald |agency=PTI |date=17 December 2025 |access-date=25 May 2026 |archive-date=18 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260118174244/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/andaman-and-nicobar-islands/andaman-nicobar-administration-seeks-suggestions-from-public-for-naming-586-uninhabited-islands-3833952 |url-status=live }}</ref> ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ಬುಕ್ಕ ನಿಕೋಬಾರ್‌ನ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗುಂಪುಲಾದ್ ವಿಂಗಡಿಸದೆರ್. ಅವು- ಬಡಕಾಯಿದ ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ದ್ವೀಪೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತೆನ್ಕಾಯಿದ ನಿಕೋಬಾರ್ ದ್ವೀಪೊಲು. ಈ ರಡ್ಡ್ ದ್ವೀಪೊಲ್ನ ನಡುಟು 150 ಕಿ.ಮೀ ಅಗೆಲದ 'ಟೆನ್ ಡಿಗ್ರಿ ಚಾನೆಲ್' ಉಂಡು. ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ನಿಕೋಬಾರ್‌ದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಶ್ರೀ ವಿಜಯ ಪುರಂ (ಪರ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋರ್ಟ್ ಬ್ಲೇರ್). ಉಂದು ಈ ದ್ವೀಪೊದ ಮಾಮಲ್ಲ ಪೇಂಟೆಲಾ ಅಂದ್. ಶ್ರೀ ವಿಜಯಪುರಮ್ ಭಾರತದ ಚೆನ್ನೈಡ್ದ್ ಸುಮಾರು 1,190 ಕಿ.ಮೀ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೋಲ್ಕತ್ತಾಡ್ದ್ 1,255 ಕಿ.ಮೀ ದೂರೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಈ ದ್ವೀಪೊಲು ಪಡ್ಡಾಯಿಡ್ ಬಂಗಾಳ ಕೊಲ್ಲಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೂಡಾಯಿಡ್ ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ಸಮುದ್ರದ ನಡುಟು ಉಂಡು. ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ನಿಕೋಬಾರ್‌ದ ತೆನ್ಕಾಯಿ ಕೊಡಿಟ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಇಂದಿರಾ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್, ಭಾರತದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ತೆನ್ಕಾಯಿದ ಕೊಡಿಯಾದುಂಡು. ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿಕೋಬಾರ್‌ದ ಒಟ್ಟು ಇಸ್ತೀರ್ನೊ ೮೨೪೯ ಚದರ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ ಉಂಡು. ಅಂಚನೆ ಮುಲ್ಪದ ಒಟ್ಟು ಜನಸಂಕ್ಯೆ ೨೦೧೧ನೇ ಇಸವಿದ ಕಾನೇಸ್ಮಾರಿದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ೩,೮೦,೫೮೧ ಉಂಡು. ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ನಿಕೋಬಾರ್‌ಡ್ದ್ ೧೮೫ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ ದೂರೊಡು [[ಇಂಡೋನೇಷ್ಯಾ]], ೨೮೦ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ ದೂರೊಡು [[ಮ್ಯಾನ್ಮಾರ್|ಮಯನ್ಮಾರ್]], ೬೫೦ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ ದೂರೊಡು ಥಾಯ್ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ದೇಸೊಲು ಉಲ್ಲ. ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಈ ದೇಸೊಲೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸಮುದ್ರಗಡಿನ್ ಪಟ್ಟೋಂದುಂಡು. ಆಡಳಿತಾತ್ಮಕವಾದ್ ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ನಿಕೋಬಾರ್ ದ್ವೀಪೊಲೆನ್ ೩ ವಿಬಾಗ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದೆರ್. ಅವು ಪನ್ನಗ- ನಿಕೋಬಾರ್ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, ಬಡಕಾಯಿ ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ ಬುಕ್ಕ ತೆಂಕಾಯಿ-ಮದ್ಯೊದ ಅಂಡಮಾನ್ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ. ಮುಲ್ಪದ ಮೂಲ ಅಂಡಮಾನಿ ಜನಕುಲು 30,000 ವರ್ಸೊಗ್ ದುಂಬು, ಮಧ್ಯ ಶಿಲಾಯುಗದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡ್ದೇ ಮುಲ್ಪ ಇತ್ತೆರ್ ಪಂಡ್‍ದ್ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊಡು ತೆರಿದ್ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮುಲ್ಪದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ 2,200 ವರ್ಸೊ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಪಿರ ಪೋಪುಂಡು. 11ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು, ತಮಿಳು ಅರಸೆರ್ ಆಯಿನ ಚೋಳೆರ್, ಆಗ್ನೇಯ ಏಷ್ಯಾಡ್ ದಂಡಯಾತ್ರೆ ಮಲ್ಪರೆಗಾತ್ರ ಈ ದ್ವೀಪೊಲೆನ್ ಒಂಜಿ ನೌಕಾನೆಲೆತ ಲೆಕ ಗಳಸೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. 1755ಡ್ ಈ ದ್ವೀಪೊಗು ಬತ್ತಿನ ಸುರುತ ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ನೆರ್ ಪಂಡ ಡ್ಯಾನಿಶ್ ಈಸ್ಟ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ ಕಂಪೆನಿ. 1868ದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಈ ದ್ವೀಪೊಲು ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ಆಡಳಿತದ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗ ಆಂಡ್. ರಡ್ಡನೇ ಮಹಾಯುದ್ಧದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಜಪಾನ್ ಈ ದ್ವೀಪೊಲೆನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಳಿ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ವಶಮಲ್ತೊಂಡ್. 1947ಡ್ ಭಾರತೊಗು ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ತಿಕ್ಕಿಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಭಾರತದ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯ ಆಂಡ್. ಐಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1950ಡ್ ಭಾರತದ ಸಂವಿಧಾನ ಜಾರಿಗ್ ಬತ್ತಿಬೊಕ್ಕ ಇಂದೆನ್ ಕೇಂದ್ರಾಡಳಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶವಾದ್ ಗುರ್ತಿಸಯೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Historical Background of Andaman |url=https://southandaman.nic.in/history/ |website=southandaman.nic.in |publisher=Deputy commissioner Office ,South Andaman , Developed and hosted by National Informatics Centre |access-date=20 August 2026}}</ref> ==ಪುದರ್== ==ಇತಿಹಾಸೊ== ==ಹವಾಗುಣ== ==ಬೌಗೋಳಿಕ ಮಾಹಿತಿ== ==ಜನಸಂಕ್ಯಾ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೊ== ==ಉಲ್ಲೇಕ== {{reflist}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಭಾರತೊದ ಕೇಂದ್ರಾಡಳಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊಲು]] {{Stub}} eni5siw5zainkov9h6exzpgmwbea7ji 0 28053 366795 366290 2026-08-24T00:06:04Z InternetArchiveBot 4316 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 366795 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ಒಲೆಸ್ಕೊ ಕೋಟೆ''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಇತ್ತೆದ ಜೊಲೊಚಿವ್ ರಾಯನ್ ದ ಗಡಿಟ್ ಉಂಡು. ಕೋಟೆದ ಸುರುತ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆ 1390 ಡ್ ಉಂಡು, ಅಪಗ ಪೋಪ್ ಬೊನಿಫೇಸ್ IX ಒಲೆಸ್ಕೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತುಸ್ತಾನ್ ನ್ ಹಾಲಿಚ್ ದ ಒರಿ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಗ್ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ಉಂದು ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಮಲ್ಲ ನಗರ ಆಯಿನ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಸುಮಾರ್ ಎಪ್ಪತ್ತೈನ್ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ ದೂರೊಡು ಉಂಡು. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Музей-заповідник «Олеський замок» {{!}} Львівська національна галерея мистецтв імені Бориса Возницького|url=https://lvivgallery.org.ua/museums/muzey-zapovidnyk-oleskyy-zamok|accessdate=2023-08-03|website=lvivgallery.org.ua}}</ref> == ಸ್ಥಳ == [[ಫೈಲ್:OleskoZamokentrance.jpg|left|thumb|305x305px| ಒಲೆಸ್ಕೊ ಕೋಟೆದ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ದ್ವಾರ.]] ಒಲೆಸ್ಕೊ ಕೋಟೆ, ತೆತ್ತಿದ ಆಕಾರ, ಒಂಜಿ ಎಲ್ಯ ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಉಂಡು, ಸುಮಾರ್ ಐವತ್ತು ಮೀಟರ್ ಎತ್ತರೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಒಂಜಿ ಕಂದಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಗೋಡೆ ಅಯಿನ್ ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಕೋಟೆಗ್ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಆದ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು. ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಒಂಜಿ ದಟ್ಟ ಜವುಗುಲಾ ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಉಂಡು. ಕೋಟೆ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಜಮಿನ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸರ್ತಿ ಮಾಲೀಕತ್ವೊನು ಬದಲಾತುಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಮೂಲತಃ ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ದೇಶದ ಗಡಿಟ್ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು.<ref>https://plus.nto.pl/moje-kresy-olesko-krolewskie-gniazdo/ar/12752033</ref> ಈ ಕೋಟೆ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್, ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹಂಗೇರಿ ದೇಶೊಲೆನ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. 14ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ದುಂಬು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಮೂಜಿ ದೇಶೊಲೆನ ನಡುಟು ಚಲನಶೀಲ ಗಡಿಲು ಅಯಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋನಗ ಉಂದು ಒಂಜಿ ರಾಜಕೀಯ ಮೈಲುಗಲ್ಲು ಆಂಡ್. ಕೋಟೆದ ಒಡೆತನೊಗು ನಡಪುನ ಯುದ್ಧೊಲು ನಿರಂತರವಾದ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಕೋಟೆದ ನೆಲಮಾಳಿಗೆಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಆಳೊದ ಬಾವಿನ್ ಮುತ್ತಿಗೆಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ನಿವಾಸಿಲೆಗ್ ತಪ್ಪಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುನ ಮಾರ್ಗವಾದ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. == ನಿವಾಸಿಲು == 15ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು, ಕೋಟೆನ್ ರಕ್ಷಣಾ ಜಾಗ ಕುಲೀನ ವರ್ಗದ ಒಂಜಿ ಪಾರಾಯಣ ಆದು ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. 1605ನೇ ಇಸವಿಡ್, ರುಥೇನಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿ ವಾಯ್ವೋಡೆ, ಅಂಚನೆ ಮುಲ್ಪದ ಒರಿ ಶ್ರೀಮಂತ ಭೂಮಾಲಿಕೆ, ಕುಲೀನ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ 'ಜಾನ್ ಡಾನಿಲೋವಿಚ್ ಹೆಚ್. ಸಾಸ್' ಪನ್ಪಿನಾರ್ ಈ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಗತೊನುವೆರ್. ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದೆನ್ 'ಕೊನಿಯೆಕ್ ಪೋಲ್ಸ್ಕಿ' ಕುಟುಂಬೊಗು ಮಾರುದು ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. 'ಝೆವುಸ್ಕಿ'ಡ್ ಮುಕ್ಯ ನೆಲೆ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಪೊಸ ಯಜಮಾನೆರ್ ಈ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಸರಿಟು ತೂವೊನಂದೆ ನಿರ್ಲಕ್ಷ್ಯ ಮಲ್ತುದು ಹಾಳ್ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಕಡೆಕ್ 1682ಡ್, 'ಮೂರನೇ ಜಾನ್ ಸೋಬಿಸ್ಕಿ' ಪನ್ಪಿನಾರ್ 'ಸ್ಟಾನಿಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಕೊನಿಯೆಕ್ ಪೋಲ್ಸ್ಕಿ'ಡ್ದ್ 4,00,000 ಝ್ಲೋಟಿಗೆ ಈ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಗೇತೊಂದು ಕುಡ ಪೊಸತ್ತ್ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರು. 18ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುಟು, ಒಲೆಸ್ಕೊ ಕೋಟೆನ್ 'ಝೆವುಸ್ಕಿ' ಕುಟುಂಬದಕುಲು ಗೇತೊನುವೆರ್. ಅಂಚನೆ ಮುಲ್ಪ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ದ ವಸ್ತುಲೆನ್ ಅಕುಲೆಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನ ನನೊಂಜಿ ಕೋಟೆ ಆಯಿನ 'ಪಿಧೀರ್ಟ್ಸಿ ಕೋಟೆ'ಗ್ ಕೊನೊಪೆರ್. 'ವಿಯೆನ್ನಾ ಯುದ್ಧ'ದ ವೀರ ಆಯಿನ ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ರಾಜ 'ಮೂಜನೇ ಜಾನ್ ಸೋಬಿಸ್ಕಿ'<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Nisbet_Bain</ref> ಪುಟ್ಟಿನ ಜಾಗ ಉಂದು. ಪನ್ಪಿನೆಕ್ ಈ ಕೋಟೆ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪಡೆತುಂಡು. ಆರ್ ಎಚ್ಚಾದ್ ಮುಲ್ಪನೇ ವಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ಇತ್ತೆದ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಮ್‌ ದರ್ಶನೊಗು ದೀತಿನ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಕಲಾಕೃತಿಲೆನ್ ಆರ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ಮಲ್ತುದಿತ್ತೆರ್. ನನೊರಿ ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ರಾಜ ಆಯಿನ 'ಮಿಖಾಲ್ ಕೊರಿಬುಟ್ ವಿಸ್ನಿಯೋವಿಯೆಕ್ಕಿ'ಲಾ<ref>https://plus.nto.pl/moje-kresy-olesko-krolewskie-gniazdo/ar/12752033</ref> ಮುಲ್ಪನೇ ಪುಟ್ಟಿನಾರ್. ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕೊಸಾಕ್‌ಲೆನ ಬಾರಿ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ನಾಯಕೆ ಆಯಿನ 'ಬೋಹ್ಡಾನ್ ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿಟ್ಸ್ಕಿ'ಲಾ ತನ್ನ ಬಾಲ್ಯದ ದಿನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ಮುಲ್ಪನೇ ಕಳೆಯೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಪಾತೆರ ಉಂಡು. [[ಫೈಲ್:Inside_Olesko_Castle.jpg|thumb|225x225px| ಒಲೆಸ್ಕೊ ಕೋಟೆದ ಒಳಾಂಗಣ ಅಂಗಳ.]] == ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಲು == ಈ ಕೋಟೆನ್ 16ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಕಡೆಟ್ 17ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಸುರುಟು ಪುನರ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಕೋಟೆದ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಕೊಠಡಿಲೆನ್ ಅಲಂಕರಿಸೆರೆ ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೊಸಾಯಿಕ್ ಲೆನ್ ಕನತೆರ್. ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಜನಪ್ರಿಯ ಆಯಿನ ಇಟಾಲಿಯನ್ ನವೋದಯ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ಈ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. 1838ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ ಭೂಕಂಪ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಕಂಪೊಡು, ಕೆಲವು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆನ್ ಭಾಗಶಃ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. 1882ಡ್, ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾಯಿನ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಒಲೆಸ್ಕೊ ಕೋಟೆದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಸಮಿತಿ ಖರೀದಿ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಉಂದು 1892ಡ್ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರೊಗು ಕಾರಣವಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಸುರುತ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಲಾ ಕೋಟೆದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಕೆಟ್ಟ ಪರಿಣಾಮ ಬೀರುಂಡು, ದುಂಬುದ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರದ ಬೇಲೆನ್ ರದ್ದು ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು. 1956ಡ್ ಕೋಟೆಗ್ ಮಿಂಚು ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಪುನರ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ೧೯೬೧ಡ್ದ್ ಸುರು ಆದ್ ೧೯೮೫ ಮುಟ್ಟ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. ಇನಿ, ಉಂದು ಒಂಜಿ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಆದುಂಡು, 16-17ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಫರ್ನಿಶಿಂಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಲೆತ ಸಂಗ್ರಹೊಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರದರ್ಶಿಸವುಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಶಿಲ್ಪೊಲು, ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆಲು, ಸ್ಟಿಲ್ ಲೈವ್ಸ್, ಅಪ್ಲೈಡ್ ಆರ್ಟ್ಸ್, ಟ್ಯಾಪೆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಲು, ಕಾಲೊದ ಶಸ್ತ್ರಾಸ್ತ್ರೊಲು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ನಿತ್ಯಜೀವನೊಡು ಬಳಕೆ ಆಪಿನ ವಸ್ತುಲುಲಾ ಉಂಡು. ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ದ ಗಡಿತ ಪಿದಯಿ ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ಕಲೆತ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಶ್ರೀಮಂತ ಖಜಾನೆಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಅಯಿತ ಸಂಗ್ರಹೊನು ಪರಿಗಣಿಸವೊಂಡುಂಡು. ಈ ಕೋಟೆ "ಗೋಲ್ಡನ್ ಹಾರ್ಸ್ಶೂ" ದ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗ, ಒಂಜೊಂಜಿ ಸಮೀಪೊಡು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಮೂಜಿ ಕೋಟೆಲೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಂಗುರ: ಒಲೆಸ್ಕೊ, ಪಿಧಿರ್ಸಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜೊಲೊಚಿವ್ ಕೋಟೆಲು.<gallery perrow="5" caption="ಕೋಟೆಡ್ದ್ ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆಲು"> ಫೈಲ್:Boguszowicz_Taniec_Salome.jpg|alt=Dance of Salome, Szymon Boguszowicz| ''ಸಲೋಮೆನ ನಲಿಕೆ'', [[Szymon Boguszowicz|ಸ್ಜಿಮನ್ ಬೊಗುಸ್ಜೊವಿಕ್ಸ್]] ಫೈಲ್:Siemiginowski_Bachus_i_Ariadna.jpg|alt=Bacchus and Ariadne, Jerzy Siemiginowski-Eleuter| ''ಬ್ಯಾಕಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅರಿಯಡ್ನೆ'', ಜೆರ್ಜಿ ಸೀಮಿಗಿನೊವ್ಸ್ಕಿ-ಎಲೆಟರ್ ಫೈಲ್:Czechowicz_Dzieciątko_Jezus_wśród_aniołów.jpg|alt=The Christ Child sleeping among angels, Szymon Czechowicz| ''ದೇವದೂತೆರೆನ ನಡುಟು ನಿದ್ರೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತ ಬಾಲೆ'', ಸ್ಜಿಮನ್ ಚೆಕೊವಿಕ್ಸ್ ಫೈಲ್:Michał_Józef_Rzewuski.jpg|alt=Portrait of Michał Józef Rzewuski, Marcello Bacciarelli| ''ಮಿಚಾಲ್ ಜೋಜೆಫ್ ರ್ಜೆವುಸ್ಕಿ, ಮಾರ್ಸೆಲ್ಲೊ ಬ್ಯಾಸಿಯರೆಲ್ಲಿನ ಭಾವಚಿತ್ರ'' ಫೈಲ್:Chojnicki_Portret_damy.jpg|alt=Portrait of a lady, Józef Chojnicki| ''ಒರಿ ಪೊಣ್ಣುನ ಭಾವಚಿತ್ರ'', [[Józef Chojnicki|ಜೋಜೆಫ್ ಚೊಜ್ನಿಕ್ಕಿ]] </gallery> == ಫಿಲಾಟೆಲಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಾಣ್ಯಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೊಡು == ಜೂನ್ ೯, ೨೦೧೭ಡ್, ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಅಂಚೆ ಆಪರೇಟರ್ ಉಕ್ರ್ಪೊಷ್ಟಾ ಯುಎಎಚ್ ೫.೮೦ ದ ಮುಖಮೌಲ್ಯೊದ "ಒಲೆಸ್ಕಿ ಕ್ಯಾಸಲ್ ಆಫ್ ದ XIII-XVIII ಸೆಂಚುರಿಸ್" ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಅಂಚೆ ಚೀಟಿನ್ ಚಲಾವಣೆಗ್ ಪಾಡ್ದೆರ್. ಸಿಇಪಿಟಿ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮದ ಅಡಿಟ್ ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ ಆಯಿನ ಈ ಚೀಟಿ, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಅಂಚೆ ಆಪರೇಟರ್ ಲೆನ ಸಂಘ ಪೋಸ್ಟ್ ಯುರೋಪ್ ನಡಪಾಯಿನ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕ ಅಂಚೆ ಚೀಟಿ ರೇಟಿಂಗ್ ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ನ್ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸವುಂಡು. ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೧೭, ೨೦೨೧ಡ್, ನ್ಯಾಷನಲ್ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಆಫ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ೧೦-ಹೈವ್ನಿಯಾ ಬೊಳ್ಳಿದ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ನಾಣ್ಯ "ಒಲೆಸ್ಕಿ ಕ್ಯಾಸಲ್" ನ್ ಚಲಾವಣೆಗ್ ಪಾಡ್ಂಡ್. ಉಂದು "ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊಲು" ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಸರಣಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದುಂಡು. == ಅಂಚನೆ ತೂಲೆ == * ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಕೋಟೆಲೆನ ಪಟ್ಟಿ <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commons category|Olesko Castle}} == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230738/http://www.wilanow-palac.pl/the_olesko_castle.html ವಿಲಾನೋವ್ ಅರಮನೆದ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂಡ್ ಒಲೆಸ್ಕೊ ಕೋಟೆನ್] 2016-03-03 ಡ್ Archived * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120422041517/http://www.grydnycia.lviv.ua/en/ ಒಲೆಸ್ಕೊ ಕೋಟೆದ ಒಳಗೆ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ರೆಸ್ಟೋರೆಂಟ್ ಹ್ರಿಡ್ನಿಟ್ಸ್ಯ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110928204207/http://www.lvivecotour.com/index.php?%2Ftours%2Fcastles%2F lvivecotour.com] 2011-09-28 ಗ್ Archived – ಒಲೆಸ್ಕೊ ಕೋಟೆದ ಪ್ರವಾಸ ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಡ್ {{Historic reserves of Lviv Oblast}}{{Kresy Castles}}{{Castles in Ukraine}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಂದಿನ ಅನುವಾದೊಲು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಪುಟೊಕುಲು]] td4xubzkrml6mc3qv5q5agszqhp52im 0 28058 366798 366229 2026-08-24T00:17:01Z InternetArchiveBot 4316 Rescuing 8 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 366798 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ''' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/|accessdate=2019-07-26|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-07-09|title=Правильне написання столиці України англійською мовою закріплено в документі ЮНЕСКО – МЗС України|trans_title=The correct spelling of the capital of Ukraine in English is enshrined in a UNESCO document - MFA of Ukraine|url=https://gordonua.com/ukr/news/worldnews/-pravilne-napisannja-stolitsi-ukrajini-anglijskoju-movoju-zakripleno-v-dokumenti-junesko-mzs-ukrajini-1102775.html|accessdate=2019-07-26|website=gordonua.com|language=uk}}</ref> ( Ukrainian ), '''ಗುಹೆಲೆನ ಕೀವ್ ಮಠ''' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲಾ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಪೂರ್ವ ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಧರ್ಮದ ಒಂಜಿ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಮಲ್ಲ ಮಠ ಆದುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಕೀವ್ ಡ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಗ್ ಅಯಿತ ಪುದರ್ ನ್ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು. ೧೧ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಗುಹೆ ಮಠೊದ ರೂಪೊಡು ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಪೂರ್ವ ಯುರೋಪ್ ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ವ ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಧರ್ಮೊದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಕೇಂದ್ರವಾದ್ ಉಂಡು. ಅಯಿತ ಮುದ್ರಣಾಲಯ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಮುದ್ರಣದ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿದ ಸುರುತ ಭಾಗ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. == ಬೇತೆ ಪುದರುಲು || == ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಅಂಚನೆ ಲಿಟ್. ''ಗುಹೆ'', ಉಂದು [[Proto-Slavic|ಪ್ರೊಟೊ-ಸ್ಲಾವಿಕ್]] ''*ರೆಕ್ಟೆರಾ'' ಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತಿನವು ಅದೇ ಅರ್ಥೊಡು. Ukrainian: [[ಆರ್ಥೋಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಈಸ್ಟರ್ನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್|ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ]] ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿಲೆಗ್ ಅತಿ ಎಚ್ಚಿನ ಶ್ರೇಣಿದ ಪುರುಷ ಮಠೊಲೆನ್ ವರ್ಣನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಅಂಚಾದ್, ಮಠದ ಪುದರ್ ನ್ ಕೀವ್ ಗುಹೆಲೆನ ಮಠ, ಕೀವ್ ಗುಹೆಲೆನ ಮಠ, ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಕೀವ್ ಗುಹೆಲೆನ ಮಠ ( ''Ukrainian:'' ಅನುವಾದಲಾ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ). == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == === ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುರುತ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === [[ಫೈಲ್:Lavra_Kyiv.JPG|thumb| ಮಠದ ಪನೋರಮಾ, ದಕ್ಷಿಣದ ನೋಟ]] ''ಪ್ರಾಥಮಿಕ ವೃತ್ತಾಂತೊಡು'' ಮಠ ಏಪ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನೆತ್ತ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ವಿರೋಧಾಭಾಸೊದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಉಂಡು: 1051ಡ್, ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ 1074ಡ್. [ 3 ] ಆಂಥೋನಿ, ಮೂಲತಃ ಚೆರ್ನಿಗೊವ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸಿಪಾಲಿಟಿಡ್ ಲ್ಯುಬೆಕ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಮೌಂಟ್ ಆಥೋಸ್ ದ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ, ರಷ್ಯಾಗ್ ವಾಪಸ್ ಬತ್ತ್ದ್ ಕೀವ್ ಡ್ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ ಗ್ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊದ ಮಿಷನರಿ ಆದ್ ನೆಲೆಯಾಯೆರ್. ಅಕುಲು ಡ್ನಿಪ್ರೊ ನದಿಗ್ ಎದುರು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬೆರೆಸ್ಟೋವ್ ಪರ್ವತೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಗುಹೆನ್ ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅಲ್ಪ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಹಿಲಾರಿಯನ್ ತನ್ನ ಜವನೆರ್ದ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ವರದಿ ಉಂಡು, <ref name="ency">{{Cite book |title=Енциклопедія українознавства. Словникова частина (ЕУ-II) |date=1994 |volume=3 |pages=998-999}}</ref> ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಶಿಷ್ಯೆರೆನ ಸಮುದಾಯ ಶೀಘ್ರೊಡು ಬುಲೆಂಡ್. ಕೀವ್ ದ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ ಇಜ್ಯಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ I (೧೦೨೪-೧೦೭೮) ಇಡೀ ಪರ್ವತೊನು ಆಂಟೊನೈನ್ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿಲೆಗ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅಕುಲು ಕಾನ್ಸ್ಟಾಂಟಿನೋಪಲ್ ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಲು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಠೊನು ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:Citation needed|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಬೋಡು</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> ಅಸಂಖ್ಯಾತ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೊಯಾರ್ ಲೆನ ಬೆಂಬಲೊಡು, ಮಠ ರಷ್ಯಾಡ್ ಧರ್ಮ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಕೇಂದ್ರವಾದ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಅಯಿತ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿಲು ''ಪ್ರೈಮರಿ ಕ್ರಾನಿಕಲ್'' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ''ಕೀವ್ ಕೇವ್ಸ್ ಪ್ಯಾಟೆರಿಕಾನ್'' ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಿಕ ಕೃತಿಲೆನ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಉಂದು ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಕಟ್ಟುನಕುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಲಾವಿದೆರೆನ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಜೀವನೊಡು ಅಸಂಖ್ಯಾತ ಕತೆಕುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಂತಕಥೆಲು ಸ್ಫೂರ್ತಿಯಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಅದೇ ಸಮಯೊಡು, ಉಂದು ಕೆಲವು ದಾಳಿಲೆಗ್ ಒಳಗಾಂಡ್: ೧೦೯೬ಡ್ ಮಠೊನು ಕ್ಯುಮನ್ ಲು ಲೂಟಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೧೬೯ಡ್ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ ಆಂಡ್ರೆ ಬೊಗೊಲ್ಯುಬ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಅಯಿನ್ ಲೂಟಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೨೦೩ಡ್, ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ ರುರಿಕ್ ರೊಸ್ಟಿಸ್ಲಾವಿಚ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅರೆನ ಮಿತ್ರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೊಲೆನ ಸೈನಿಕೆರ್ ಮತ್ತೆ ಲೂಟಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೨೪೦ಡ್, ಬಾತು ಖಾನ್ ನ ನೇತೃತ್ವೊಡು ಮಂಗೋಲ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣಕಾರೆರೆಗ್ ಈ ಮಠ ಬಲಿಯಾಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೪೧೬ಡ್ ಗೋಲ್ಡನ್ ಹಾರ್ಡ್ ಆಡಳಿತಗಾರ ಎಡಿಗೆಯಿ ನ ಸೈನಿಕೆರ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಸುಟ್ಟು ಪಾಡ್ಯೆರ್. ೧೪೭೦ಡ್ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ ಸಿಮಿಯೋನ್ ಒಲೆಲ್ಕೊವಿಚ್ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ, ೧೪೮೨ಡ್ ತಾತಾರ್ ಲು ಮತ್ತೆ ಸುಟ್ಟು ಪಾಡ್ದೆರ್. <ref name="meta">{{Cite web|date=2024-08-05|title=Метаморфози Києво-Печерської лаври|url=https://tyzhden.ua/metamorfozy-kyievo-pecherskoi-lavry/|accessdate=2025-08-14|website=[[The Ukrainian Week|Український Тиждень]]}}</ref> <ref name="ency" /> ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾಡ್, ಕೀವ್ ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯಾದ ಗ್ರ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಡಚಿದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊದ ಕೆಲವು ಪ್ರಮುಖ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಲೆನ್ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್: ಕೀವ್ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ ವ್ಲಾಡಿಮಿರ್ ಒಲ್ಗೆರ್ಡೊವಿಚ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅರೆನ ಮಗೆ ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡ್ರಾಸ್ ಒಲೆಲ್ಕಾ, ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರುಥೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಸ್ವಿಟ್ರಿಗೈಲಾ, ಫಿಯೋಡರ್ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೊಗ್ಸ್ಕಿ, ಉಲಿಯಾನಾ ಒಲ್ಶಾಂಕಾಸ್ಕಾನ್ಕಾನಾಸ್ಕಿ ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯಾ ಗ್ರ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಡಚಿ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್), ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಹೆಟ್ಮನ್ ಕಾನ್ಸ್ಟಾಂಟಿನ್ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೊಗ್ಸ್ಕಿ, ಮಾಸ್ಕೋದ ಗ್ರ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸಿಪಲಿಟಿ ವಿರುದ್ಧ ಒರ್ಶಾ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡು (೧೫೧೪) ವಿಜಯಶಾಲಿ ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಡ್ಯೂಕಲ್ ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯನ್ ಸೈನ್ಯೊನು ಆಜ್ಞೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕಾರಣೊಗು ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನಾರ್. <ref name="Vkpk">{{Cite web|title=Kijevo Pečorų lauros vienuolyno kompleksas|url=https://vkpk.lt/u-zemelapis/kijevo-pecoru-lauros-vienuolyno-kompleksas/|accessdate=25 January 2025|website=Valstybinė kultūros paveldo komisija|language=lt}}</ref> ಕೀವ್ ನ ಮೇಯರ್ ಲು, ಸ್ಜ್ಲಾಚ್ಟಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೊಸಾಕ್ ಸ್ಟಾರ್ಶಿನಾದ ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಶ್ರೇಣಿಧಿಕಾರಿಲುಲಾ ಮಠೊಡು ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಜಾಗೆನ್ ಕಂಡು ಕನತೆರ್. <ref name="meta" /> === ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ಸ್ ಆಂಥೋನಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಥಿಯೋಡೋಸಿಯಸ್ ನ ರೆಫೆಕ್ಟರಿ ಕೊಠಡಿಲು === [[ಫೈಲ್:Near_Caves.jpg|left|thumb| ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಸಮೀಪದ ಗುಹೆಲು. ಡಚ್ ಕಲಾವಿದೆ ಅಬ್ರಹಾಂ ವ್ಯಾನ್ ವೆಸ್ಟರ್ವೆಲ್ಡ್ 1651ಡ್ ಬರೆಯಿನ ಚಿತ್ರ]] ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ನಂತರ, ೧೬ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ದ್ವಿತೀಯಾರ್ಧೊಡು, ಮಠೊಗು ಕಾನ್ಸ್ಟಾಂಟಿನೋಪಲ್ ದ ಪಿಟ್ರಿಯಾರ್ಕ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಸ್ಟೌರೋಪೆಜಿಯನ್ ಹಕ್ಕುಲು ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಪುದರ್ ನ್ ಧರಿಸರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಅಯಿತ ನೇತೃತ್ವೊಡು ಆರು ಪ್ರತ್ಯೇಕ ಮಠೊಲೆನ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟೊದ ನಂತರ, ಮಠ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ ನಡುಟು ವಿವಾದೊದ ವಸ್ತು ಆಂಡ್. ೧೬೧೩ಡ್, ರಾಜವಂಶದ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೊಗ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕುಟುಂಬದ ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಣೊನು ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref name="ency" /> ೧೭ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು, ಆರ್ಕಿಮ್ಯಾಂಡ್ರೈಟ್ಸ್ ಎಲಿಸಿಯಸ್ ಪ್ಲೆಟೆನೆಕ್ಸ್ಕಿ, ಜಾಕರಿಯಸ್ ಕೊಪಿಸ್ಟೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೀಟರ್ ಮೊಹಿಲಾನ ನೇತೃತ್ವೊಡು, ಮಠೊ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಗುರುತುದ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊಡು ನಿಲೆಯಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿಲು ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕೀವ್ ಗುಹೆಲೆನ ಪ್ಯಾಟೆರಿಕಾನ್, ಶೀಘ್ರೊಡು ಪೂರ್ವ ಯುರೋಪ್ ಡ್ ಜನಪ್ರಿಯವಾದ್ ಓದುನವು ಆಂಡ್, ಉಂದು ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸಿದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿಯಾದ್ ಕೀವ್ ನ ಸಾಂಕೇತಿಕ ಚಿತ್ರಣೊದ ಉದಯೊಗು ಕಾರಣವಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಪ್ಲೆಟ್ನೆನೆಟ್ಸ್ಕಿ 1620ಡ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಮುದ್ರಣಾಲಯ, ಕೀವ್ ನ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನದ ಪ್ರಕ್ರಿಯೆನ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೊಹಿಲಾ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಮಠದ ಶಾಲೆ ಆ ಕಾಲೊದ ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಶೈಕ್ಷಣಿಕ ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತಿಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಂಡ್, ಉಂದು ಶಿಕ್ಷಣೊದ ಆಮೂಲಾಗ್ರ ಸುಧಾರಣೆಗ್ ಕಾರಣವಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಬರೊಕ್ ಯುಗೊಡು, ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಕಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಧ್ಯಾತ್ಮಿಕತೆದ ಕೇಂದ್ರವಾದ್ ಬುಲೆಯೊಂದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ಜೆರುಸಲೆಮ್ ಗ್ ಭೇಟಿ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ಕಡೆಟ್ ಕೀವ್ ಗ್ ಯಾತ್ರೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು ಯೋಗ್ಯವಾಯಿನವು ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ತೂಯೆರ್. <ref name="meta" /> ವಾದವಿವಾದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೋಧಕೆರ್ ಜೋನಿಸಿಯಸ್ ಗಲಿಯಾಟೊವ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಪ್ರಕಟ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ದಂತಕಥೆದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ೧೬೩೦ಡ್ ಮಠೊನು ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ಸೈನಿಕೆರ್ ಮುತ್ತಿಗೆ ಪಾಡ್ದೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ಪವಿತ್ರ ದೇವೆರೆನ ಅಮ್ಮೆ ಆಕ್ರಮಣಕಾರೆರೆನ ವಿರುದ್ಧ "ಉರಿಯುನ ಮಳೆ" ಪಾಡ್ದ್ ಅಯಿತ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿಲೆನ್ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೬೩೧ಡ್, ಪಾಶ್ಚಾತ್ಯ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಲೆನ್ ಆಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತ್ದ್ ಮಠೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಶಾಲೆನ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್; ಉಂದು ಕಡೆಕ್ ಬ್ರದರ್ಹುಡ್ ಮಠದ ಶಾಲೆದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ವಿಲೀನವಾದ್ ಕೀವ್ ಮೊಹಿಲಾ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿನ್ ರೂಪಿಸೊಂಡು. <ref name="ency" /> [[ಫೈಲ್:Perchersk_Lavra,_Kyiv_Lithograph.jpg|thumb| ಕೀವ್ ಡ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಲಿಥೋಗ್ರಾಫ್, ನ್ಯಾಷನಲ್ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿ ಆಫ್ ಆರ್ಟ್ ಲೈಬ್ರರಿ, ವಾಷಿಂಗ್ಟನ್, ಡಿಸಿ.]] ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾಗ್ ದಾಯೆಗ್ ಭೇಟಿ ಕೊರ್ಲೆ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಆಡಳಿತದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ರಾಜಮನೆತನ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಜನಕುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಧಿಕಾರದ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಲೆಗ್ ಸಾಮೂಹಿಕ ಯಾತ್ರೆದ ಜನಪ್ರಿಯ ಜಾಗೆ ಆಂಡ್. ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಕಡೆಟ್, ಮಠೊಗು ಬರ್ಪಿನ ಯಾತ್ರಿಕೆರೆಗ್ ಕೆಲವು ಮಾರ್ಗದರ್ಶಿಲೆನ್ ಜಾರಿಸ್ಟ್ ರಷ್ಯಾಡ್ ಪ್ರಕಟಿಸಯೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯೊದ ಸಾಂಕೇತಿಕ ಜಾಗೊಡು ಸೇರ್ಪಾಯೆರೆ ಕೊಡುಗೆ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು. ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಆಡಳಿತೊಡು ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಗೋಡೆಲೆಡ್ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಆಯಿನ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಲೆಡ್ ನಟಾಲಿಯಾ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕೋವಾ, ಪಿಯೋಟ್ರ್ ರುಮ್ಯಾಂಸೆವ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಿಯೋಟ್ರ್ ಸ್ಟೊಲಿಪಿನ್ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. <ref name="moly">{{Cite web|date=2025-07-25|title=Українська молитва в лаврських печерах|url=https://tyzhden.ua/ukrainska-molytva-v-lavrskykh-pecherakh/|accessdate=2025-08-14|website=[[The Ukrainian Week|Український Тиждень]]}}</ref> <ref name="meta" /> ೧೯ನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಸುರುಟು, ಈ ಮಠೊ ಕೀವ್ ದ ಮಹಾನಗರೊಲೆನ ನಿವಾಸೊ ಆದ್ ಲಾ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಇಡೀ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯೊಗು ಮೈರ್ ಉತ್ಪಾದನೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು ಪುದರ್ ಪೋತುಂಡು. ಕ್ರಾಂತಿದ ಸಮಯೊಗು, ಲಾವ್ರಾಡ್ 1200 ಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿಲು ಇತ್ತೆರ್. <ref name="ency" /> [[ಫೈಲ್:Hammond_Slides_Russia_51.jpg|thumb|302x302px| ೧೯೫೮ಡ್ ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಅವಶೇಷೊಲು]] 20ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಸುರುಟು ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ರಾಂತಿದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಲಾವ್ರಾನ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನೊಲು ರಾಜಕೀಯ ಅಸ್ಥಿರತೆಡ್ದ್ ವಿಫಲವಾತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="moly" /> ಜನವರಿ ೨೫, ೧೯೧೮ಡ್, ಕೀವ್ ದ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ವ್ಲಾಡಿಮಿರ್ ನ್ ಬೊಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ಸೈನ್ಯೊಲು ಒಂಜಿ ಮಠೊಡು ಚಿತ್ರಹಿಂಸೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ಕೊಲೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೯೨೧-೧೯೨೨ಡ್, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಮಠೊಡ್ದ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಮೌಲ್ಯದ ವಸ್ತುಲೆನ್ ಜಪ್ತಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref name="ency" /> ಕಡೆಕ್, ಮಠೊನು ರದ್ದು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1926ಡ್ ಅಯಿತ ಆವರಣೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೊನು ತೆರೆಯೆರ್ <ref name="meta" /> ೧೯೩೪ಡ್, ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊನು ರದ್ದು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ ಕಲಾಕೃತಿಲೆನ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಲೆಗ್ ವಿತರಿಸಯೆರ್. <ref name="ency" /> ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಮಠೊಡು ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸೇವೆಲೆನ್ ಪುನರಾರಂಭ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref name="moly" /> ಮುಖ್ಯ ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನ್ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಎನ್ ಕೆವಿಡಿ ನವೆಂಬರ್ ೩, ೧೯೪೧ಡ್ ಸ್ಫೋಟ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್; <ref name="ki-2026">{{Cite web|last=Basmat|first=Dmytro|last2=Fenbert|first2=Abbey|date=2026-06-15|title=Kyiv's historic Pechersk Lavra burns as large-scale Russian strikes kill 5, injure 29 in capital|url=https://kyivindependent.com/russian-attack-june-14-2026/|accessdate=2026-06-15|website=The Kyiv Independent}}</ref> ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಪತ್ರಿಕೆಲು ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಲೆನ್ ಈ ಕೃತ್ಯೊನು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ಸುಳ್ಳು ಆರೋಪ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಅವಶೇಷೊಲೆನ ನಾಶ ೧೯೬೦ ದಶಕೊಗು ಮುಟ್ಟ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಅವಧಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನ್ ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೨೪, ೨೦೦೦ಡ್ ಗಂಭೀರವಾದ್ ಪುನರ್ ತೆರೆಯೆರ್ <ref name="meta" /> ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧದ ಅಂತ್ಯೊಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಮಠ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ತನ್ನ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆಲೆನ್ ಪುನರಾರಂಭ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೯೬೧ಡ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಮುಚ್ಚುನ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಆವರಣೊಡು ೧೦೦ಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿಲು ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್ <ref name="mon">{{Cite web|title=Kyivan Cave Monastery|url=https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CK%5CY%5CKyivanCaveMonastery.htm|accessdate=2025-08-15}}</ref> ೧೯೮೮ಡ್, ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆಲೆನ್ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ ನ ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತೀಕರಣದ ೧೦೦೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಸಮರ್ಪಿಸಾಯಿನ ಆಚರಣೆದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ನವೀಕರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೯೯೦ ದಶಕದ ಸುರುಟು, ಮಠೊನು ಕೀವ್ ದ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಫಿಲಾರೆಟ್ ಮುಖ್ಯಸ್ಥೆರಾದಿತ್ತೆರ್, ಅರೆನ ನಿವಾಸ ಅಯಿತ ಆವರಣೊಡು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ೧೯೯೨ಡ್, ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಮಾಲೀಕತ್ವೊನು ಕೀವ್ ಡ್ ರಾಜಕೀಯ ನಾಯಕತ್ವೊದ ಬೆಂಬಲೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ (ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಪೇಟ್ರಿಯಾರ್ಕೇಟ್) ಗ್ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref name="moly" /> ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಪಿತೃಪ್ರಭುತ್ವದ ಆಡಳಿತೊಡು, ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಅಯಿತ ನಾಯಕತ್ವೊದ ದುಬಾರಿ ಕಾರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಸಂಪತ್ತುದ ಪ್ರೀತಿಗ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟಿನ ಕೆಲವು ಹಗರಣೊಲೆನ ಕೇಂದ್ರಬಿಂದು ಆಂಡ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಎಫ್ ಎಸ್ ಬಿ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಅಯಿತ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿಲೆನ ಸಂಪರ್ಕೊಲು, ಜಾರ್ ನಿಕೋಲಸ್ II ನ ಆರಾಧನೆ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ವಿರೋಧಿ ಪ್ರಚಾರೊದ ಪ್ರಸಾರ. <ref name="meta" /> [[ಫೈಲ್:Uspensky_Sobor.jpg|thumb| ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್, ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್]] ಸೇಂಟ್ ಸೋಫಿಯಾ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನೊಟ್ಟುಗು, ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾನ್ ೧೯೯೦ಡ್ದ್ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ತಾಣ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ದಾಖಲಾತ್ ದ್ ಉಂಡು. [ ನಂ. ೧ ] ಮಠದ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊನು ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರತ್ಯೇಕ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ-ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಮೀಸಲು (ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯ) ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸವೆರ್, ಉಂದೆಕ್ ೧೩ ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೧೯೯೬ಡ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನೊನು ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Про надання статусу національного Києво-Печерському держав... - від 13.03.1996 № 181/96|trans_title=On granting the status of national Kyiv-Pechersk State... - dated 03.13.1996 No. 181/96|url=http://zakon1.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=181/96&p=1260343170231885|accessdate=23 June 2017|website=zakon1.rada.gov.ua}}</ref> ಲಾವ್ರಾ ನಗರೊದ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಮಾತ್ರ ಅತ್ತ್, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸೋಫಿಯಾ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯೊದ ಭಾಗೊಲಾ ಆದುಂಡು. ಒಂಜಿ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಆಕರ್ಷಣೆ ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಮಠ ಮತ್ತೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿ ಕ್ರಿಯಾಶೀಲವಾದುಂಡು, 100 ಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿಲು ಮುಲ್ಪ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. [ ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಬೋಡು ] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:Citation needed|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2017)">citation needed</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೨೧, ೨೦೦೭ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಏಳ್ ಅದ್ಭುತೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ೨೦೨೨ ದ ಅಂತ್ಯೊಗು, ಈ ಜಾಗೆದ ಅಧಿಕಾರ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರೊನು ರಾಜ್ಯ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ, ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ-ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Сайт Національного Києво-Печерського історико-культурного заповідника|trans_title=Site of the National Kyiv-Pechersk Historical and Cultural Reserve|url=http://www.kplavra.kyiv.ua/#|accessdate=23 June 2017|website=www.kplavra.kyiv.ua}}</ref> ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ (ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಪೆಟ್ರಿಯಾರ್ಕೇಟ್) (ಯುಒಸಿ-ಎಂಪಿ) ನಡುಟು ವಿಂಗಡಿಸವೊಂಡುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಮಠ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ ನಾಯಕ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪೊಲಿಟಾನ್ ನ ನಿವಾಸ, ಕೀವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲ್ಲೆ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್. <ref>{{Cite web|date=14 November 2016|title=General information — Kyiv Holy Dormition Caves Lavra|url=https://lavra.ua/en/general-information/|accessdate=9 December 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://lavra.ua/en/head-of-uoc-led-solemnities-on-synaxis-of-near-caves-venerable-fathers/|title=Head of UOC led solemnities on Synaxis of Near Caves' Venerable Fathers|date=11 October 2019|access-date=12 December 2019|agency=Kyiv Holy Dormition Caves Lavra}}</ref> ಜನವರಿ ೨೦೨೩ಡ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸರ್ಕಾರ ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರೆಫೆಕ್ಟರಿ ಚರ್ಚ್ (ಟ್ರೆಪೆಜ್ನಾ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲಾ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್) ದ ಯುಒಸಿ-ಎಂಪಿ ಗುತ್ತಿಗೆನ್ ಮುಗಿತ್ಂಡ್, ಆ ಆಸ್ತಿಲೆನ್ ನೇರ ರಾಜ್ಯ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಣೊಗು ವಾಪಸ್ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು. <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2023-01-05|title=Historical churches of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra returned to Ukrainian state from Russia-affiliated church|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2023/01/05/historical-churches-of-the-kyiv-pechersk-lavra-returned-to-the-ukrainian-state-from-russia-affiliated-church/|journal=Euromaidan Press}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=January 7, 2023|title=Ukraine reclaims Kyiv cathedral amid church dispute|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/ukraine-reclaims-kyiv-cathedral-amid-church-dispute-96263044|accessdate=2023-01-07|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref> ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ (ಒಸಿಯು) ಜನವರಿ ೭, ೨೦೨೩ ಗ್ ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಡ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ಮಸ್ ಸೇವೆನ್ ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಅನುಮತಿ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ಘೋಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಕ್ಯಾಲೆಂಡರ್ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ಮಸ್, <ref name=":0" /> ಆ ದಿನ ಬೆಳಗ್ಗೆ ೯ ಗಂಟೆಗ್ ಕೀವ್ ದ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಎಪಿಫಾನಿಯಸ್ ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಸೇವೆದೊಟ್ಟುಗು. <ref>{{Cite web|date=7 January 2023|title=Epiphanius for the first time conducts Christmas service in Holy Dormition Cathedral|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-society/3648115-epiphanius-for-the-first-time-conducts-christmas-service-in-holy-dormition-cathedral.html|accessdate=2023-01-07|website=www.ukrinform.net|language=en}}</ref> [[ಫೈಲ್:Собор_Успенський2.jpg|thumb| ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪಿತ ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್]] ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೧೦, ೨೦೨೩ಡ್, ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ-ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಯುಒಸಿ-ಎಂಪಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆನ ಉಚಿತ ಬಳಕೆದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ೨೦೧೩ ಒಪ್ಪಂದೊನು ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಉಲ್ಲಂಘನೆಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಗುತ್ತಿಗೆನ್ ಉಲ್ಲಂಘನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಆಧಾರೊಡು ಮುಗಿಪಾವೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಘೋಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ಂಡ್. <ref name="PBSNewsHourOrthodox leader">{{Cite web|date=1 April 2023|title=Orthodox leader in Kyiv ordered under house arrest by Ukrainian court|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/orthodox-leader-in-kyiv-ordered-under-house-arrest-by-ukrainian-court|accessdate=6 April 2023|website=[[PBS NewsHour]]|language=English}}</ref> <ref name="7393889PavloLebid" /> ಯುಒಸಿ-ಎಂಪಿಗ್ ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೨೯ ತಾರೀಕ್ ಗ್ ಆ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊನು ಬುಡ್ದು ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಆದೇಶ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್ <ref name="7393889PavloLebid" /> ಯುಒಸಿ-ಎಂಪಿ ಉಚ್ಚಾಟನೆಗ್ ಕಾನೂನು ಆಧಾರ ಇಜ್ಜಿ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ರತಿಕ್ರಿಯೆ ಕೊರ್ದು "ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಸಚಿವಾಲಯೊದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ತಮಾಷೆ" ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. <ref name="7393889PavloLebid" /> ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೧೭, ೨೦೨೩ಡ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷೆ ವ್ಲಾಡಿಮಿರ್ ಪುಟಿನ್ ನ ಪತ್ರಿಕಾ ಕಾರ್ಯದರ್ಶಿ ಡಿಮಿಟ್ರಿ ಪೆಸ್ಕೊವ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲೆನ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ (ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೨೪, ೨೦೨೨) ಈ ಗುತ್ತಿಗೆನ್ ಯುಒಸಿ-ಎಂಪಿ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಲೆಗ್ ವಿಸ್ತರಿಸಂದಿನವು ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣದ "ಸರಿಯಾಯಿನವು" ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ತೆರಿಪಾವುಂಡು. <ref name="7393889PavloLebid">{{Cite web|date=17 March 2023|title=Kremlin says Ukrainian authorities' decision on Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Moscow Patriarchate justifies "special operation"|url=https://www.pravda.com.ua/eng/news/2023/03/17/7393889/|accessdate=17 March 2023|website=[[Ukrainska Pravda]]|language=English}}</ref> ಯುಒಸಿ-ಎಂಪಿ 29 ಮಾರ್ಚ್ 2023 ಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾನ್ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾದ್ ಬುಡ್ದು ಪೋಯಿಜಿ. <ref name="epiphany-urges-calm">{{Cite web|date=6 April 2023|title=Metropolitan Epiphany urges calm after arrest of abbot|url=https://www.churchtimes.co.uk/articles/2023/6-april/news/world/metropolitan-epiphany-urges-calm-after-arrest-of-abbot|accessdate=6 April 2023|website=[[Church Times]]|language=English}}</ref> <ref name="550462lavra_shcho_dali">{{Cite web|date=31 March 2023|title=Lavra. What's next?|url=https://lb.ua/blog/sonya_koshkina/550462_lavra_shcho_dali_.html|accessdate=31 March 2023|website=[[Lb.ua]]|language=Ukrainian}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೨೩, ೨೦೨೫ಡ್, ಕೀವ್ ದ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಎಪಿಫಾನಿಯಸ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ದೂರದ ಗುಹೆಲೆಡ್ ಅನೇಕ ವರ್ಷೊಡ್ದಿಂಚಿ ಈ ರೀತಿದ ಸುರುತ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಭಾಷೆದ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸೇವೆನ್ ನಡಪಾಯೆರ್. <ref name="moly" /> ==== ೨೦೨೬ ದ ಡ್ರೋನ್ ದಾಳಿಲು ==== [[ಫೈಲ್:Dormition_Cathedral,_Kyiv_Pechersk_Lavra_on_fire_3.jpg|thumb| ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಬೆಂಕಿಡ್, ೧೫ ಜೂನ್ ೨೦೨೬]] [[ಫೈಲ್:Dormition_Cathedral,_Kyiv_Pechersk_Lavra_following_attack_10.jpg|thumb| ದಾಳಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಛಾವಣಿ]] ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾಡ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲು ಉಂಡು: ಟ್ರಿನಿಟಿ ಗೇಟ್ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ನಿಧಿಲೆನ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ, ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಆಫ್ ಮಿನಿಯೇಚರ್ಸ್, ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಲೈಬ್ರರಿ, ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ಸ್ ರೆಸಿಡೆನ್ಸ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಆಫ್ ಥಿಯೇಟರ್, ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಕ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಆರ್ಟ್ಸ್. ಗುಪ್ತ ನಿಧಿ: ಈ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊಡು "ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಖಜಾನೆದ ಸ್ಕಾರಬ್" ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸಿಥಿಯನ್ ಪೆಕ್ಟೋರಲ್ ಉಂಡು. ಕಾನ್ಸ್ಟಾಂಟಿನೋಪಲ್ ದ ಎಕ್ಯುಮೆನಿಕಲ್ ಪ್ಯಾಟ್ರಿಯಾರ್ಕೇಟ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಅಧಿಕೃತ ಹೇಳಿಕೆನ್ ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ಈ ದಾಳಿನ್ ಗಟ್ಟಿಯಾದ್ ಖಂಡಿಸಯೆರ್, ಕ್ರಿಶ್ಚಿಯನ್ ಧರ್ಮದ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ "ಸ್ವೀಕಾರಾರ್ಹವಾಯಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪವಿತ್ರವಾಯಿನ" ದಾಳಿ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ವರ್ಣನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, "ಈ ಅಸಭ್ಯ ವಿನಾಶಕಾರಿ ದಾಳಿನ್ ಒವ್ವೆ ಒಂಜಿ ತರ್ಕಬದ್ಧ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒವ್ವೆ ವಾದೊಲಾ ಸಮರ್ಥಿಸರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಇಜ್ಜಿ" ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಗಮನಿಸಯೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-06-15|title=Το Οικουμενικό Πατριαρχείο καταδικάζει την επίθεση στη Λαύρα του Κιέβου - Οικουμενικό Πατριαρχείο|url=https://ec-patr.org/15/06/17/13/to-oikoymeniko-patriarcheio-katadika/|accessdate=2026-06-16|language=el}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-06-15|title=Patriarch Bartholomew condemns attack on Kyiv religious landmark {{!}} eKathimerini.com|url=https://www.ekathimerini.com/politics/foreign-policy/1306751/patriarch-bartholomew-condemns-attack-on-kyiv-religious-landmark/|accessdate=2026-06-16|website=www.ekathimerini.com|language=English}}</ref> ಜೂನ್ ೧೫, ೨೦೨೬ಡ್, ಎಕ್ಯುಮೆನಿಕಲ್ ಪ್ಯಾಟ್ರಿಯಾರ್ಕ್ ಬಾರ್ತೊಲೊಮಿಯು ಕೀವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಎಪಿಫಾನಿಯಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷೆ ವೊಲೊಡಿಮಿರ್ ಜೆಲೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ನಕುಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ದೂರವಾಣಿ ಸಂಭಾಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಕರೆಲೆಡ್, ಎಕ್ಯುಮೆನಿಕಲ್ ಪಾಟ್ರಿಯಾರ್ಕ್ "ಅನಾಗರಿಕತೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಗೌರವದ ಕೃತ್ಯೊಗು" ತನ್ನ ಅಸಹ್ಯೊನು ವ್ಯಕ್ತಪಡಿಸಯೆರ್, ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ನಾಶ ಆಯಿನ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಜನಕುಲೆಗ್ ಕಾನ್ಸ್ಟಾಂಟಿನೋಪಲ್ ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಬೆಂಬಲ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಗ್ಗಟ್ಟುನ್ ತೆರಿಪಾಯೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಲಿಪೊಯಿನಕ್ಲೆನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗಾಯಗೊಂಡೆರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬೊಲೆಗ್ ತನ್ನ ಸಂತಾಪೊನು ವ್ಯಕ್ತಪಡಿಸಯೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-06-15|title=Τηλεφωνική επικοινωνία του Οικουμενικού Πατριάρχου με τον Πρόεδρο της Ουκρανίας - Οικουμενικό Πατριαρχείο|url=https://ec-patr.org/15/06/20/14/tilefoniki-epikoinonia-toy-oikoymen/|accessdate=2026-06-16|language=el}}</ref> == ದುಂಬುದಕುಲು == == ಚರಿತ್ರೆ == [[ಫೈಲ್:Perchersk_Lavra,_Kyiv_Panorama.jpg|thumb| ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ೧೮೮೯ಡ್, [https://www.nga.gov/research/library/imagecollections/features/watsons_russia.html ಚಿತ್ರ ಸಂಗ್ರಹೊಲೆನ ಇಲಾಖೆ], ನ್ಯಾಷನಲ್ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿ ಆಫ್ ಆರ್ಟ್ ಲೈಬ್ರರಿ, ವಾಷಿಂಗ್ಟನ್, ಡಿ.ಸಿ.]] ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾಡ್ ಗಂಟೆದ ಗೋಪುರೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಮುಟ್ಟ, ಗುಹೆ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಲವಾದ್ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಕೋಟೆದ ಗೋಡೆಲು ಮುಟ್ಟ ಅಸಂಖ್ಯಾತ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಆಕರ್ಷಣೆಲು ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಬೆಲ್ಟವರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು, ಉಂದೆನ್ ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಲು ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ ಪತನ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೯೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾದ್ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಲಾವ್ರಾಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬೇತೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಲು ಉಲ್ಲ: ರೆಫೆಕ್ಟರಿ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಆಲ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ಸ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಬೆರೆಸ್ಟೋವ್ ಡ್ ಸೇವಿಯರ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಕ್ರಾಸ್ ದ ಎಕ್ಸಾಲ್ಟೇಶನ್ ದ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಟ್ರಿನಿಟಿದ ಚರ್ಚ್, ವರ್ಜಿನ್ ನ ನಟಿವಿಟಿದ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಆನ್ ನ ಕನ್ಸೆಪ್ಶನ್ ದ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲೈಫ್-ಗಿವಿಂಗ್ ಸ್ಪ್ರಿಂಗ್ ದ ಚರ್ಚ್. ಲಾವ್ರಾಡ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ನಿಕೋಲಸ್ ಮಠ, ಕೀವ್ ಥಿಯೊಲಾಜಿಕಲ್ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೆಮಿನರಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಡೆಬೊಸ್ಕ್ವೆಟ್ ಗೋಡೆ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಮಸ್ತ್ ರಚನೆಲು ಉಂಡು. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:Citation needed|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಬೋಡು</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> ಕೀವ್ ನ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರತಿಷ್ಠಿತ ಚಿಹ್ನೆಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಯಿನ 96.5 ಮೀಟರ್ ಎತ್ತರದ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಬೆಲ್ ಟವರ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಸ್ಥಳೊಲೆಗ್ ಈ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋತುಂಡು. ಲಾವ್ರಾಡ್ ನೂದುಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು ಉಂಡು. ಕೆಳ್ಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹವಾಯಿನವುಲು ಉಲ್ಲ. ೧೧ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ, ಮಠದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ್ ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ನಾಜಿ ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಪಡೆಲು ಕೀವ್ ನಗರೊನು ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ರಡ್ಡ್ ತಿಂಗೊಲುಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ ೧೯೪೧ಡ್ ವಿವಾದಾತ್ಮಕ ಖ್ರೆಶ್ಚಾಟಿಕ್ ಬಾಂಬ್ ದಾಳಿನ್ ನಡಪಾಯೆರ್. ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಸೈನಿಕೆರ್ ಪಿರ ಪೋನಗ, ಅಕುಲು ಸುಟ್ಟುನ ಭೂಮಿದ ತಂತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ಅಭ್ಯಾಸ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಡ್ನಿಪರ್ ದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಕೀವ್ ನ ಮಾತಾ ಸೇತುವೆಲೆನ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಕ್ರೆಶ್ಚಾಟಿಕ್ ಬೀದಿನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾನ್ ಸ್ಫೋಟ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2016-11-03|title=1941: уничтожение Успенского собора в Лавре|url=https://www.bbc.com/ukrainian/ukraine_in_russian/2016/11/161103_ru_s_tsalyk_uspensky_cathedral|accessdate=2023-06-02|website=BBC News Україна|language=ru-UA}}</ref> ೧೯೩೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಸಮೀಪದ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಮೈಕೆಲ್ಸ್ ಗೋಲ್ಡನ್-ಡೋಮ್ಡ್ ಮಠೊದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಬಾಂಬ್ ದಾಳಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ನಿರ್ಲಕ್ಷ್ಯೊದ ನಮೂನೆನ್ ಅನುಸರಿಸಾದ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ನಾಶ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.svoboda.org/a/kak-krasnaya-armiya-vzryvala-kiev/31467844.html|title=Вандалы-орденоносцы. Как Красная армия взрывала Киев|last=Гогун|first=Александр|date=2021-09-20|work=Радио Свобода|access-date=2023-06-02|language=ru}}</ref> ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಅಯಿತ ಗುಹೆ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ, ಉಂದು ಕೆಲವು ನೂದು ಮೀಟರ್ ಭೂಮಿದ ಕೆಳಗ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದುಂಡು. ೧೧-೧೨ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ಈ ಗುಹೆಲೆಡ್ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿಲು ನೆಲೆಯಾದಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಇನಿ, ಈರ್ ಕಿರಿದಾಯಿನ ಸುರಂಗೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ನಡತೊಂದು ಪೋವೊಲಿ, ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿಲೆನ ವಿನಮ್ರ ಕೋಣೆಲೆನ್ ತೂವೊಲಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲ್ಪ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಆಯಿನ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಅವಶೇಷೊಲೆನ್ ತೂವೊಲಿ - ಉಂದು ನಿಜವಾದ್ ಲಾ ಒಂಜಿ ರೀತಿದ ಅನುಭವ. ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ: ಈ ಜಾಗೆ ೧೯೯೦ಡ್ದ್ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ತಾಣ ಆದ್ ಉಂಡು. ಎತ್ತರ: ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಬೆಲ್ ಟವರ್ 96.5 ಮೀಟರ್ ಎತ್ತರೊಡು ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ನಗರದ ಆಕಾಶರೇಖೆದ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಲಕ್ಷಣ ಆದುಂಡು. ವಯಸ್ಸು: ೧೦೫೧ಡ್ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಆಂಥೋನಿ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಉಂದು ಪೂರ್ವ ಯುರೋಪ್ ದ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಮಠೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. ೧೯೨೮ಡ್, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಮಠೊನು ಧರ್ಮ ವಿರೋಧಿ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಪಾರ್ಕ್ ಆದ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಕುಲು ಪಿರ ಬನ್ನಗ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸೆರೆ ದಾಲ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿಜ್ಜೆರ್. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ 1995ಡ್ ಈ ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಅಂತಿಮವಾದ್ ಪುನರ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷೊಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮುಗಿಂಡ್. ಪೊಸ ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ್ 2000ಡ್ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref name=":1" /> === ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಬೆಲ್ ಟವರ್ === [[ಫೈಲ್:Kievo-Pecherska_Lavra_Belltower.jpg|thumb|200x200px| ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಬೆಲ್ಟವರ್ ದ ಒಂಜಿ ಕ್ಲೋಸ್-ಅಪ್ ನೋಟ, ಅಯಿತ ನಾಲ್ ಟೈರ್ಸ್ ಉಂಡು.]] === ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ === [[ಫೈಲ್:Sviati_Feodosiy_ta_Antoniy_Pecherski.jpg|left|thumb| ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕೆರ್ ಆಯಿನ ಸಂತ ಆಂಥೋನಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಥಿಯೋಡೋಸಿಯಸ್ ನ ಐಕಾನ್.]] ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಿನೋಡಲ್ ಇಲಾಖೆಲೆನ ಪ್ರೈಮೇಟ್ ನ ನಿವಾಸ ಕ್ರಿಯಾತ್ಮಕ ಕೀವ್-ಕೇವ್ಸ್ ಮಠದ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಉಂಡು, ಕೀವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಹಿಸ್ ಬೀಟಿಟ್ಯೂಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಹೋಲಿ ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಕೀವ್-ಕೇವ್ಸ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಆಡಳಿತ ಆರ್ಕಿಮ್ಯಾಂಡ್ರೈಟ್ ಆದುಂಡು. === ಗುಹೆಲು === === ಆಲ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ === [[ಫೈಲ್:Kijów_zabytkowy_(307).JPG|thumb| ರೆಫೆಕ್ಟರಿ ಚರ್ಚ್]] ಸೈಂಟ್ಸ್ ಆಂಥೋನಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಥಿಯೋಡೋಸಿಯಸ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಡ್ ರೆಫೆಕ್ಟರಿ ಕೊಠಡಿಲು ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಒಂಜಿ ಸರಣಿ ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನೊಲೆಡ್ ಮೂಜಿನೆ. ಮೂಲ ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ೧೨ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ ರೇಖಾಚಿತ್ರೊಲು ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಚಿತ್ರಣೊಲು ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಉಂಡು. ರಡ್ಡನೆ ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಕೊಸಾಕ್ ಹೆಟ್ಮನೇಟ್ ಕಾಲೊಡು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 19ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಅವೆನ್ ಕೆತ್ತುದು ಪಾಡ್ಯೆರ್. ಉಂದೆನ್ ಇತ್ತೆದ ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನೊಡು ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದೆನ್ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾದ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ರೆಫೆಕ್ಟರಿ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:Citation needed|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಬೋಡು</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> === ಲೈಬ್ರೆರಿ === 1696-1698ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಆಲ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬ್ಯಾರೊಕ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ಎಡ್ಡೆ ಉದಾರ್ಮೆ. ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಮುಖಭಾಗೊಲೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟ ಲಕ್ಷಣ ಪಂಡ ಶ್ರೀಮಂತ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಅಲಂಕಾರೊಲು. ೧೯೦೫ಡ್, ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಕಲಾ ಶಾಲೆದ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಲು ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಒಳಾಂಗಣ ಗೋಡೆಲೆನ್ ಬಣ್ಣ ಪಾಡ್ದೆರ್. ಕೆತ್ತೆದ ಮರತ್ತ ಐಕಾನೊಸ್ಟಾಸಿಸ್ ಬಹು-ಮಟ್ಟದವು ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ 18ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಸುರುಟು ಆಲ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಗ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:Citation needed|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಬೋಡು</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> === ಬೆರೆಸ್ಟೋವ್ ಡ್ ಸೇವಿಯರ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್ === [[ಫೈಲ್:Церква_Спаса-на-Берестові,_м._Київ.jpg|thumb| ಬೆರೆಸ್ಟೊವ್ ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಸೇವಿಯರ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಸೈಡ್ ವ್ಯೂ, ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಆಂಡ್ರೆ ಮೆಲೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಗೊಳಿಸಾಯಿನ ಅಯಿತ ಕ್ಯಾಂಪನೈಲ್ ನ್ ತೂವೊಲಿ.]] ಬೆರೆಸ್ಟೊವ್ ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಸೇವಿಯರ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಉತ್ತರೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ ವ್ಲಾಡಿಮಿರ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ ನ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆದ ಕಾಲೊಡು 11ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಸುರುಟು ಬೆರೆಸ್ಟೊವ್ ಗ್ರಾಮೊಡು ಉಂದು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್. ನನೊಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿ ಉಂದು ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ ರಾಜವಂಶದ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಆದ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಮಾಸ್ಕೋದ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕೆರ್ ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಕೋಟೆಲೆನ ಪಿದಯಿ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡಲಾ, ಬೆರೆಸ್ಟೋವ್ ಡ್ ಸೇವಿಯರ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:Citation needed|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಬೋಡು</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಗುಹೆಲು ಕಿರಿದಾಯಿನ ಭೂಗತ ಕಾರಿಡಾರ್ ಲೆನ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ (ಸುಮಾರ್ 1-11⁄2 ಮೀಟರ್ ಅಗಲ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 2-21⁄2 ಮೀಟರ್ ಎತ್ತರ), ಅಂಚನೆ ಅಸಂಖ್ಯಾತ ಜೀವನ ಸ್ಥಳೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭೂಗತ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಲು. ೧೦೫೧ಡ್, ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಆಂಥೋನಿ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತ ಒಂಜಿ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಗುಹೆಡ್ ನೆಲೆಯಾಯೆರ್. ಈ ಗುಹೆ ಕಾರಿಡಾರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಾದ್ಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಇತ್ತೆ [[Far Caves|ದೂರದ ಗುಹೆಲು]] ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೦೫೭ಡ್, ಆಂಥೋನಿ ಅಪ್ಪರ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಗುಹೆಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರ್, ಇತ್ತೆ ಉಂದೆನ್ ನಿಯರ್ ಕೇವ್ಸ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:Citation needed|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಬೋಡು</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> ೧೬ನೆ-೧೭ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ವಿದೇಶಿ ಪ್ರಯಾಣಿಕೆರ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಕ್ಯಾಟಕೊಂಬ್ಸ್ ನೂದೆಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ ಮುಟ್ಟ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದ್ ಉಂಡು, ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನೊವ್ಗೊರೊಡ್ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಉಂಡು ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬರೆಯೆರ್, <ref name="Touring Kyiv">{{Cite book |last=Malikenaite |first=Ruta |title=Guidebook: Touring Kyiv |publisher=Baltia Druk |year=2003 |isbn=966-96041-3-3 |location=Kyiv}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಜಾಗೃತಿನ್ ಪಸರಿಸೊಂಡು. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:Citation needed|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಬೋಡು</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಮಹತ್ವದ ಗ್ರಂಥಾಲಯೊನು ಪೀಟರ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ನ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಸುಟ್ಟು ಪಾಡ್ಯೆರ್. ಏಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೨೧-೨೨, ೧೭೧೮ ರಾತ್ರೆ, ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿಲು - ಜಾರ್ ಏಜೆಂಟ್ ಲು - ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಆವರಣೊಗು ಬೆಂಕಿ ಪಾಡ್ದೆರ್, ಅಲ್ಪ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಗತಕಾಲೊದ ಅನನ್ಯ ದಾಖಲೆಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುಸ್ತಕೊಲೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡ ಒಂಜಿ ಗ್ರಂಥಾಲಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆರ್ಕೈವ್ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೯೮೮ಡ್ ಮಠೊದ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆಲೆನ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗ್ರಂಥಾಲಯೊದ ಬೇಲೆನ್ ಪುನರಾರಂಭ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದಕುಲು ಉಳಾಯೆರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಯಿನ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆಲೆನ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ನಿಧಿಲೆನ್ ಪುನರ್ಭರ್ತಿ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಪೊಸ ಪುಸ್ತಕೊಲೆನ್ ಖರೀದಿ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1995ಡ್ ಪುನರ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಮುದ್ರಣಾಲಯೊಡು ಪ್ರಕಟ ಆಯೆರೆ ಸುರು ಆಯಿನ ಕೆಲವು ಪುಸ್ತಕೊಲೆನ್ ಗ್ರಂಥಾಲಯೊಗು ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಮಠದ ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನೊದ ನಂತರ 20 ವರ್ಷೊದ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆದ ನಂತರ, 10 ಸಾವಿರೊಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಸಂಪುಟೊಲೆನ್ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೨೦೦೮ಡ್, ಗ್ರಂಥಾಲಯೊನು ಗ್ರಂಥಾಲಯೊದ ನಿಧಿಲೆನ ಅತ್ಯುತ್ತಮ ನಿಯೋಜನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಂಘಟನೆಗ್ ಅನುವು ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಆವರಣೊಗು ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಗ್ರಂಥಾಲಯದ ನಿಧಿಲೆನ ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕ್ಯಾಟಲಾಗ್ ನ್ ಡಿಜಿಟಲ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. === ನೆಕ್ರೊಪೊಲಿಸ್ === ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಕಾಲೊಡು, ಗುಹೆಲೆಡ್ ಬೂರ್ದುಪ್ಪುನ ಸಂತೊಲೆನ ಶವೊಲೆನ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿದ್ ಬುಡ್ಪೆರ್ ದಾಯೆ ಪಂಡ ಆಡಳಿತ ಧರ್ಮೊನು ನಿರ್ಲಕ್ಷ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು. ಆಂಡ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ ಕುಸಿತ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಶವೊಲೆನ್ ಬಟ್ಟೆಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿದ್ ಇನಿಕ್ಲಾ ಅವ್ವೇ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಡ್ ಉಂಡು. <ref>{https://visitkyiv.com/sights-and-landmarks/kyiv-pechersk-lavra/}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:Citation needed|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2008)">ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಬೋಡು</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup><gallery> ಫೈಲ್:Iliya_Muromets_Kiev.jpg|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Iliya_Muromets_Kiev.jpg|alt=Imperishable relic of saint Ilya Muromets in Kyiv Pechersk Lavra| ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾಡ್ ಸಂತ ಇಲ್ಯಾ ಮುರೊಮೆಟ್ಸ್ ನ ಅಭ್ರಷ್ಟ ಅವಶೇಷ. ಫೈಲ್:Надгробок_Костянтина_Острозького.tif|link=ಚಿತ್ರ:Надгробок_Костянтина_Острозького.tif|alt=Monument to Konstanty Ostrogski| ಕಾನ್ಸ್ಟಾಂಟಿನ್ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೊಗ್ಸ್ಕಿನ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ </gallery> == ವಸ್ತು ಸಂಗ್ರಹ == [[ಫೈಲ್:Orthodox_pilgrim.jpg|thumb| ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾಡ್ ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಯಾತ್ರಿಕೆರ್ - ಲಾವ್ರಾಗ್ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಮಲ್ಪುನಗ ಪೊಣ್ಣುಲು ತಲೆನ್ ಮುಚ್ಚೊಡು.]] * ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ನಿಧಿಲೆನ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ** ಮಾರ್ಟಿನಿವ್ಕಾ ನಿಧಿ * [[Book and print history museum|ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮುದ್ರಣ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ]] * ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಜಾನಪದ ಕಲೆತ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ * [[Theater and film arts museum|ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಆಫ್ ಥಿಯೇಟರ್ ಅಂಡ್ ಫಿಲ್ಮ್ ಆರ್ಟ್ಸ್]] * [[State historical library|ರಾಜ್ಯ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಗ್ರಂಥಾಲಯ ಡಿ.]] == ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಚನೆಲು == ಜೂನ್ 14, 2026 ರಂದು, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಡ್ರೋನ್ ದಾಳಿಯು ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣಕ್ಕೆ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹ ಹಾನಿಯನ್ನುಂಟುಮಾಡಿತು, ಇದು ಉದ್ದೇಶಿತ ದಾಳಿಯ ಭಾಗವಾಗಿ ಕೈವ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಇತರ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಅಂಶಗಳನ್ನು ಸಹ ಹಾನಿಗೊಳಿಸಿತು. <ref name="Guardian video">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2026/jun/15/dormiton-cathedral-burns-unesco-kyiv-pechersk-lavra-russian-attack|title=Cathedral burns at Unesco-listed Kyiv Pechersk Lavra after Russian attack|date=15 June 2026|work=The Guardian|access-date=15 June 2026}}</ref> <ref name="Beaumont">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/jun/15/kyiv-pechersk-lavra-monastery-on-fire-russian-attacks-ukraine|title=Kyiv monastery set on fire in night of Russian attacks across Ukraine|last=Beaumont|first=Peter|date=15 June 2026|work=The Guardian|access-date=15 June 2026}}</ref> ಗೆರಾನ್-2 ಡ್ರೋನ್‌ಗಳಿಂದ ("ಇರಾನಿನ ಶಾಹೆದ್-ಮಾದರಿಯ ಕಾಮಿಕೇಜ್ ಡ್ರೋನ್‌ನ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಆವೃತ್ತಿ" <ref name="WaPoKyivMonastery2026" /> ) ಸಂಭವಿಸಿದ ಹಾನಿಯಲ್ಲಿ, ಛಾವಣಿಯ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹ ಭಾಗದ ನಾಶ, ಮುಖ್ಯ ಗುಮ್ಮಟ ಮತ್ತು ಕುಪೋಲಾಗೆ ಹಾನಿ ಮತ್ತು ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್‌ನ ರಚನೆಯೊಳಗೆ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹ ಬೆಂಕಿ ಕಾಣಿಸಿಕೊಂಡಿದೆ. <ref name="ki-2026" /> ಎರಡನೇ ಮಹಾಯುದ್ಧದ ನಂತರ ಸಶಸ್ತ್ರ ಸಂಘರ್ಷದಲ್ಲಿ ಈ ರಚನೆಯನ್ನು ಗುರಿಯಾಗಿಸಿಕೊಂಡಿದ್ದು ಇದೇ ಮೊದಲು. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ನ ಭದ್ರತಾ ಸೇವೆಯು ಗೆರಾನ್-2 ಡ್ರೋನ್‌ನ ಅವಶೇಷಗಳ ಫೋಟೋಗಳನ್ನು ಪ್ರಕಟಿಸಿದೆ. <ref name="WaPoKyivMonastery2026">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2026/06/15/russian-attack-kyiv-damages-historic-monastery-kills-least-5/|title=Russian attack kills at least five and damages historic monastery in Kyiv|last=Stern|first=David L.|date=15 June 2026|work=The Washington Post|access-date=15 June 2026|last2=Galouchka|first2=Anastacia}}</ref> ಜೂನ್ 15 ರ ಹೊತ್ತಿಗೆ, ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆಯ ತಾಣದಲ್ಲಿ ಎರಡು ಶಹೆದ್ ಮಾದರಿಯ ಡ್ರೋನ್‌ಗಳ ಅವಶೇಷಗಳನ್ನು ರಾಜ್ಯ ಭದ್ರತಾ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಗಳು ಪತ್ತೆಹಚ್ಚಿದರು, ಇದು ಕೈವ್ ಸಮಯ ಬೆಳಿಗ್ಗೆ 04:55 ರ ಸುಮಾರಿಗೆ ಕೈವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣವನ್ನು ಗುರಿಯಾಗಿಸಿಕೊಂಡು ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಎರಡು ಡ್ರೋನ್‌ಗಳು ಹಾರಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿವೆ ಎಂದು ಸೂಚಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. <ref name="Beaumont" /> ರಷ್ಯಾ ಜವಾಬ್ದಾರಿಯನ್ನು ನಿರಾಕರಿಸಿತು ಮತ್ತು ಯುಎಸ್ ನಿರ್ಮಿತ ಪೇಟ್ರಿಯಾಟ್ ವಾಯು-ರಕ್ಷಣಾ ಕ್ಷಿಪಣಿಯನ್ನು ದೂಷಿಸಿತು, <ref name="Beaumont" /> <ref name="NOS">{{Cite web|date=15 June 2026|title=Europa spreekt schande van Russische aanval op historisch klooster in Kyiv|trans_title=Europe condemns Russia’s attack on a historic monastery in Kyiv|url=https://nos.nl/artikel/2618687-europa-spreekt-schande-van-russische-aanval-op-historisch-klooster-in-kyiv|accessdate=15 June 2026|website=[[Nederlandse Omroep Stichting|NOS]]|language=nl}}</ref> ಆದರೆ ಕ್ರೆಮ್ಲಿನ್ ವಕ್ತಾರರು ಈ ಹೇಳಿಕೆಗೆ ಯಾವುದೇ ಪುರಾವೆಗಳನ್ನು ನೀಡಲಿಲ್ಲ, <ref name="NOS" /> ಮತ್ತು ರಷ್ಯಾ ನಿರ್ಮಿತ ಶಹೀದ್ ಮಾದರಿಯ ಗೆರಾನ್-೨ ಡ್ರೋನ್‌ಗಳ ಅವಶೇಷಗಳು ಸ್ಥಳದಲ್ಲಿ ಏಕೆ ಕಂಡುಬಂದವು ಎಂಬುದಕ್ಕೆ ಯಾವುದೇ ವಿವರಣೆಯನ್ನು ನೀಡಲಿಲ್ಲ. <ref name="Beaumont" /> ಈ ಮಠೊನು 11ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮಧ್ಯೊಡು ಗೌರವಾನ್ವಿತ ಆಂಥೋನಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಥಿಯೋಡೋಸಿಯಸ್ ಆಫ್ ದ ಕೇವ್ಸ್ ("ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್") ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. 120 ಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಸಂತೆರೆನ ಅಕ್ಷಯ ಅವಶೇಷೊಲು ಇತ್ತೆ ಮಠದ ಗುಹೆಲೆಡ್ ಶಾಂತಿಯುತವಾದ್ ಉಲ್ಲ. ಕೆಲವು ಸಂತೆರ್ ("ದೇವೆರೆನ್ ಮೆಚ್ಚುನಕುಲು") ಜಗತ್ತ್ ಡ್ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧೆರ್, ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ ಗೌರವಾನ್ವಿತ ನೆಸ್ಟರ್ ದಿ ಕ್ರಾನಿಕ್ಲರ್, ಗೌರವಾನ್ವಿತ ಇಲ್ಯಾ ಆಫ್ ಮುರೊಮ್ (ಅರೆನ ಅದ್ಭುತ ಶಕ್ತಿದ ಸಾಧನೆಲೆನ್ ಜಾನಪದೊಡು ವರ್ಣನೆ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಆರ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲ್ಪನಿಕ ಕತೆತ ಪಾತ್ರ ಅತ್ತ್ ಬದಲಾದ್ ನಿಜ ಜೀವನೊಡು ವೀರ ಯೋಧೆ ಆದಿತ್ತೆರ್, ಆರ್ ನಿಜವಾದ್ಲಾ ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವೊಡು ಇತ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನನೊಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿ ಮಂತ್ರವಾದಿ ಆದಿತ್ತೆರ್) ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಗುಹೆಲು, ಒರಿ ಕುಲಿ ಸೈನಿಕೆರ್ ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ವೈದ್ಯೆರ್. ಒಂಜಿ ಸಹಸ್ರಮಾನೊಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಕಾಲ, ಕೀವ್-ಗುಹೆಲೆನ ಮಾತಾ ಗೌರವಾನ್ವಿತ ಅಪ್ಪೆನಕುಲೆಗ್ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಅನೇಕ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆಲೆನ ಪರಿಣಾಮವಾದ್ ಅಸಂಖ್ಯಾತ ಪವಾಡೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗುಣ ಮಲ್ಪುನವುಲು ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. ರಷ್ಯಾಡ್ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಧರ್ಮದ ತೊಟ್ಟಿಲುದ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕೆರ್ ಆಯಿನ ಗೌರವಾನ್ವಿತ ಸಂತೆರ್ ಆಂಥೋನಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಥಿಯೋಡೋಸಿಯಸ್ ನ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಅವಶೇಷೊಲು ಕೀವ್-ಗುಹೆಲೆಡ್ ಲಾ ಉಂಡು, ಒಂಜಿ ರಹಸ್ಯ ರಹಸ್ಯೊಡು ದೃಷ್ಟಿಡ್ದ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಒಂಜಿ ನಿಗದಿತ ಸಮಯೊಡು ತೆರಿಪಾವೊಡು. ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಆಧ್ಯಾತ್ಮಿಕ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ("ಪೊಡ್ವಿಗ್ಸ್") ಮಹಿಮೆ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಮಾತಾ ಸಂತೆರ್, ಇತ್ತೆ ಕೀವ್-ಕೇವ್ಸ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾಡ್ ವಿಶ್ರಾಂತಿ ಪಡೆಯೊಂದುಲ್ಲೆರ್, ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ನಮ್ಮ ದುಃಖೊಲೆನ್, ಕಷ್ಟೊಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಹಾಯೊದ ವಿನಂತಿಲೆನ್ ತೂದು ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಎದುರುಗು ಬರ್ಪಿನಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ದೇವೆರೆನ ಸಿಂಹಾಸನೊಡು ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆಲೆಡ್ ಸಹಾಯೊನು ಒದಗಾವೆರ್. ಕೀವ್-ಪೀಕ್ಸ್ ಮಠದ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಇರ್ವತ್ತು ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಉಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಕೀವ್ ನ ಮಧ್ಯೊಡು ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದೆನ್ "ಪ್ರಾಥಮಿಕ ಕ್ರಾನಿಕಲ್" (ಗೌರವಾನ್ವಿತ ನೆಸ್ಟರ್ ನ ಕೀವ್ ಗುಹೆಲೆನ ಕ್ರಾನಿಕಲ್ ದ ಕೆಲಸ) ಪ್ರಕಾರ "ಎಲ್ಲಾ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ನಗರೊಲೆನ ಅಮ್ಮೆರ್" ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್ 11ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ದ್. ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊಡು ನೂದುಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲು ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಕೆಲವು ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲುಲಾ ಉಂಡು. ಐತಾರದಾನಿ ಪತ್ತ್ ಮುಟ್ಟ ದೈವ ಸೇವೆ ನಡಪುಂಡು. ವಾರೊದ ದಿನೊಕುಲೆಡ್, ದೈವಿಕ ಸೇವೆಲೆನ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆಡ್ ಶಾಶ್ವತವಾದ್ ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಮಠೊದ ದೂರೊಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮೀಪೊಡು ಗುಹೆಲೆಡ್ ಆರು ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಭೂಗತ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲು ಉಂಡು. ಇತ್ತೆ, ದುರದೃಷ್ಟವಶಾತ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಮಠೊನು ರಡ್ಡ್ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ ವಿಂಗಡಿಸವೊಂಡುಂಡು - ಕೆಳಮಟ್ಟೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾಸ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನವು. ಗುಹೆಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಕ್ರಿಯ ಮಠ ಕೆಳ ಲಾವ್ರಾಡ್ ಉಂಡು, ಆಂಡ ಮೇಲ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಇತ್ತೆ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಸಚಿವಾಲಯದ ವ್ಯಾಪ್ತಿಡ್ ಉಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋತುಂಡು. ಮಠದ ಸೋದರರು ನಿಯಮಿತವಾದ್ ಗೌರವಾನ್ವಿತ ಸಂತೆರ್ ಆಂಥೋನಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಥಿಯೋಡೋಸಿಯಸ್ ನ ರೆಫೆಕ್ಟರಿ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಡ್ (ಅಪ್ಪರ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾಡ್) ದೈವಿಕ ಸೇವೆಲೆನ್ ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಕೀವ್-ಕೇವ್ಸ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಗೋಡೆಲೆಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಕೀವ್ ಥಿಯೊಲಾಜಿಕಲ್ ಸೆಮಿನರಿನ್ ೧೯೮೯ಡ್ ಪುನರುತ್ಥಾನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ಕೀವ್ ಥಿಯೊಲಾಜಿಕಲ್ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ೧೯೯೨ಡ್ದ್ ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಿಸೊಂದುಂಡು. ಅಯಿತ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ದುಂಬು ರಾಜಧಾನಿದ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಪೊಡೊಲ್ (ಪೊಡಿಲ್), ಅಲ್ಪ ಇತ್ತೆ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಜಾತ್ಯತೀತ ಉನ್ನತ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ, ಕೀವ್ ಮೊಹಿಲಾ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿದ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯ ಉಂಡು. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ನ ಪ್ರಧಾನ ಮಂತ್ರಿ ಯೂಲಿಯಾ ಸ್ವೈರಿಡೆಂಕೊ ಅವರು ಉರಿಯುತ್ತಿರುವ ಮಠದ ಫೋಟೋವನ್ನು ಪೋಸ್ಟ್ ಮಾಡಿ ಹೀಗೆ ಬರೆದಿದ್ದಾರೆ: "ನಮ್ಮ ಜನರು ಮತ್ತು ನಮ್ಮ ಪರಂಪರೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ಕ್ರೂರ ದಾಳಿ. ಇದು ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ಮೌಲ್ಯಗಳ ನಿಜವಾದ ಮುಖ. ದೇವಾಲಯವನ್ನು ವಿನಾಶದಿಂದ ರಕ್ಷಿಸಬೇಕೆಂದು ನಾವು ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆಗಳನ್ನು ಕೇಳುತ್ತೇವೆ. ಮಾನವೀಯತೆಯ ವಿರುದ್ಧ, ಇತಿಹಾಸದ ವಿರುದ್ಧ, ಕ್ರಿಶ್ಚಿಯನ್ ಧರ್ಮದ ವಿರುದ್ಧ ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಅಪರಾಧ." <ref name="Beaumont" /> ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ನ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷ ವೊಲೊಡಿಮಿರ್ ಝೆಲೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಇದನ್ನು "ಇಲ್ಲಿಯವರೆಗೆ ಕ್ರಿಶ್ಚಿಯನ್ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಯ ವಿರುದ್ಧ ರಷ್ಯಾ ನಡೆಸಿದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಗಂಭೀರ ಅಪರಾಧಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದಾಗಿದೆ" ಎಂದು ಕರೆದರು, <ref name="Beaumont" /> <ref name="NOS" /> "ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಅನಾಗರಿಕತೆಯ ಈ ಇತ್ತೀಚಿನ ಕೃತ್ಯದ ಮುಂದೆ ಜಗತ್ತು ಮೌನವಾಗಿರದಿರುವುದು ಅತ್ಯಗತ್ಯ" ಎಂದು ಹೇಳಿದರು. <ref name="NOS" /> ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಮೇಲಿನ ದಾಳಿಯನ್ನು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ನಾಯಕರು ವ್ಯಾಪಕವಾಗಿ ಖಂಡಿಸಿದರು, ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಆಯೋಗದ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷೆ ಉರ್ಸುಲಾ ವಾನ್ ಡೆರ್ ಲೇಯೆನ್ ಇದನ್ನು "ಅರ್ಥಹೀನ ಹಿಂಸೆ" ಎಂದು ಕರೆದರು: 'ರಷ್ಯಾ ಮತ್ತೊಮ್ಮೆ ಹಿಂಸೆ ಮತ್ತು ವಿನಾಶದಲ್ಲಿ ಮಾತ್ರ ಆಸಕ್ತಿ ಹೊಂದಿದೆ ಎಂದು ತೋರಿಸಿದೆ.' <ref name="NOS" /> "ನಮ್ಮ ಸಾರ್ವತ್ರಿಕ ಪರಂಪರೆಯ ಮೇಲಿನ ಈ ದಾಳಿಯನ್ನು ಯಾವುದೂ ಸಮರ್ಥಿಸುವುದಿಲ್ಲ" ಎಂದು ಫ್ರೆಂಚ್ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷ ಎಮ್ಯಾನುಯೆಲ್ ಮ್ಯಾಕ್ರನ್ ಹೇಳಿದ್ದಾರೆ, <ref name="NOS" /> ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್‌ನ ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಮತ್ತು ವಿದೇಶಾಂಗ ಸಚಿವ ಜೀನ್-ನೊಯೆಲ್ ಬ್ಯಾರಟ್ ಹೀಗೆ ಹೇಳಿದರು: " ನೊಟ್ರೆ-ಡೇಮ್ ಅಥವಾ ಸೇಂಟ್-ಡೆನಿಸ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಅನ್ನು ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಬಾಂಬ್ ಸ್ಫೋಟಿಸಬೇಕಾದಂತಿದೆ." <ref name="NOS" /> <ref name="Beaumont" /> ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ನಾಗರಿಕರ ಮೇಲಿನ ದಾಳಿಯಂತೆಯೇ, ಮಠದ ಮೇಲಿನ ದಾಳಿಗಳನ್ನು ಯುದ್ಧ ಅಪರಾಧಗಳೆಂದು ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಿ, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ವಿರುದ್ಧ ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ಸುತ್ತಿನ ನಿರ್ಬಂಧಗಳನ್ನು ಘೋಷಿಸುವ ಹೇಳಿಕೆಯನ್ನು EU ವಿದೇಶಾಂಗ ಮುಖ್ಯಸ್ಥ ಕಾಜಾ ಕಲ್ಲಾಸ್ ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ ಮಾಡಿದರು. <ref name="NOS" /> ರೊಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಪಿತೃಪ್ರಧಾನರು ಈ ದಾಳಿಯ ಬಗ್ಗೆ "ತೀವ್ರ ಕಳವಳ ಮತ್ತು ದುಃಖ" ವ್ಯಕ್ತಪಡಿಸಿದರು, ಇದು "ಎಲ್ಲಾ ಕ್ರಿಶ್ಚಿಯನ್ ಧರ್ಮ ಮತ್ತು ಮಾನವೀಯತೆಯ ಸಾರ್ವತ್ರಿಕ ಪರಂಪರೆಗೆ ನಷ್ಟವನ್ನು ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸುತ್ತದೆ". <ref>{{Cite web|date=15 June 2026|title=Patriarhia Română deplânge atacul asupra Lavrei Pecerska din Kiev|url=https://agerpres.ro/2026/06/15/patriarhia-romana-deplange-atacul-asupra-lavrei-pecerska-din-kiev--1566331|publisher=Agerpres|language=ro}}</ref> == ಅಂಚನೆ ತೂಲೆ == * ಶಿಮಾನೊ * ಯಾಕುನ್ * ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಜಾಗೆಲೆನ ಪಟ್ಟಿ * ಕ್ರೈಮಿಯಾ - ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರದ ಚಿನ್ನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಹಸ್ಯೊಲು == ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿಲು == == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == * [https://www.lavra.ua/ ಹೋಲಿ ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ – ಅಧಿಕೃತ ತಾಣ] (in English, Russian, and Ukrainian) * [http://www.kplavra.kyiv.ua/ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ-ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಮೀಸಲು] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141105195150/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11808/ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಮಠದ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಗಾರದ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಲೆನ ರೇಖಾಚಿತ್ರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರೇಖಾಚಿತ್ರೊಲು] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250915184802/https://en.uartlib.org/books/m-z-petrenko-cave-labyrinths-territory-national-kyiv-pechersk-historical-cultural-reserve-photo-essay/ ಎಂ ಜೆಡ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೆಂಕೊ.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20250915184802/https://en.uartlib.org/books/m-z-petrenko-cave-labyrinths-territory-national-kyiv-pechersk-historical-cultural-reserve-photo-essay/ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಗುಹೆ ಲ್ಯಾಬಿರಿಂತ್ ಲು.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20250915184802/https://en.uartlib.org/books/m-z-petrenko-cave-labyrinths-territory-national-kyiv-pechersk-historical-cultural-reserve-photo-essay/ ಫೋಟೋ ಪ್ರಬಂದ.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20250915184802/https://en.uartlib.org/books/m-z-petrenko-cave-labyrinths-territory-national-kyiv-pechersk-historical-cultural-reserve-photo-essay/ ಕೀವ್, ಮಿಸ್ಟೆಟ್ಸ್ವೊ, ೧೯೭೪] . * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250601060401/http://en.uartlib.org/books/national-kyiv-pechersk-historical-cultural-reserve-set-postcards/ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಮೀಸಲು.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20250601060401/http://en.uartlib.org/books/national-kyiv-pechersk-historical-cultural-reserve-set-postcards/ ಒಂಜಿ ಸೆಟ್ ಪೋಸ್ಟ್ ಕಾರ್ಡ್ ಲು.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20250601060401/http://en.uartlib.org/books/national-kyiv-pechersk-historical-cultural-reserve-set-postcards/ ಕೀವ್, ಮಿಸ್ಟೆಟ್ಸ್ವೊ, ೧೯೭೭] . * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9FgmxWwojU ವಿಡಿಯೋ "ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ (4K ಅಲ್ಟ್ರಾಎಚ್ ಡಿ)"] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಂದಿನ ಅನುವಾದೊಲು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಪುಟೊಕುಲು]] qk93s65qggg4rtjsntfm091z9vxv8gl 0 28062 366799 366265 2026-08-24T00:30:33Z InternetArchiveBot 4316 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 366799 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ಫೈಲ್:TrypilliaVillage.JPG|thumb|275x275px| ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯಾದ ಒಂಜೊಂಜಿ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ದೃಶ್ಯ, ಡ್ನಿಪರ್ ನದಿನ್ ಅಣೆಕಟ್ಟ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದುಂಬು (ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯ)]] '''ಟ್ರೈಪಿಲಿಯಾ''' ( Ukrainian ) ಮಧ್ಯ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಕೀವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ದ ಒಬುಖಿವ್ ರೇಯಾನ್ (ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ) ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಊರು, ಉಂದೆಟ್ 2,800 ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಉಂಡು (1 ಜನವರಿ 2005 ಡ್ದ್). ಉಂದು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ಕಾ ಅರ್ಬನ್ ಹ್ರೊಮಾಡಾಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಹ್ರೊಮಾಡಾಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. <ref name="admreform_2020_ukrainka">{{Cite web|title=Украинская городская громада|url=https://gromada.info/ru/obschina/ukrainka/|website=Gromada.info|language=ru|accessdate=16 June 2022}}</ref> ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯಾ ಸುಮಾರ್ {{Convert|40|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} ದೂರೊಡು ಉಂಡು ಡ್ನಿಪ್ರೊಡ್ ಕೀವ್ ಡ್ದ್ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊಗು. '''ನಾಮಕರಣ''' ಈ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿನ್ ಸುರುಕು 1884ಡ್ ಟಿಯೋಡರ್ ಟಿ. ಬುರಾಡಾ ರೊಮೇನಿಯಾದ ಮೊಲ್ಡೇವಿಯಾ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಐಯಾಶಿ ಕೌಂಟಿಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಊರು ಕುಕುಟೆನಿ<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucuteni%E2%80%93Trypillia_culture#cite_note-Sapienza-22</ref> ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಪುದರ್ ಡ್ ಪುದರ್ ದೀದ್ ವರ್ಣನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ತಾರ್ಗು ಫ್ರುಮೊಸ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಐಯಾಸಿ ಮುಟ್ಟದ ರಸ್ತೆನ್ ನಡಪಾಯೆರೆ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಜಲ್ಲಿಡ್ ಸಿರಾಮಿಕ್ ತುಂಡುಲೆನ್ ತೂದು, ಕುಕುಟೆನಿಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಕಲ್ಲುರ್ಟಿನ್ ತನಿಖೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಅಲ್ಪಡ್ದ್ ವಸ್ತುಲೆನ್ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅಲ್ಪ ಆರ್ ಕುಂಬಾರಿಕೆದ ತುಂಡುಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಟೆರಾಕೊಟಾ ಮೂರ್ತಿಲೆನ್ ಕಂಡು ಕನತೆರ್. ಬುರಾಡಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕವಿ ನಿಕೋಲಾ ಬೆಲ್ಡಿಸಿಯಾನು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುರಾತತ್ತ್ವ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಜ್ಞೆರ್ ಗ್ರಿಗೋರ್ ಬುಟುರಾನು, ಡಿಮಿಟ್ರಿ ಸಿ. ಬುಟ್ಕುಲೆಸ್ಕು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಡಯಾಮಂಡಿ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಇಯಾಸಿಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತಿನ ಬೇತೆ ವಿದ್ವಾಂಸೆರ್, ನನೊಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿ 1885 ವಸಂತಕಾಲೊಡು ಕುಕುಟೆನಿಡ್ ಸುರುತ ಉತ್ಖನನೊಲೆನ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಕಂಡುಹಿಡಿಯೊಲು ೧೮೮೫ಡ್ ಪ್ರಕಟವಾದ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೮೯ಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೮೯ಡ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸಮ್ಮೇಳನೊಲೆಡ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಲಾ ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ ಡ್: ಬುಟುರಾನು ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಯೂನಿಯನ್ ಫಾರ್ ಪ್ರಿಹಿಸ್ಟೋರಿಕ್ ಅಂಡ್ ಪ್ರೊಟೊಹಿಸ್ಟೋರಿಕ್ ಸೈನ್ಸಸ್ ಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಡಯಾಮಂಡಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಸೊಸೈಟಿ ಆಫ್ ಆಂಥ್ರೊಪೊಲಾಜಿ ಆಫ್ ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ ದ ಸಭೆಟ್ ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಅವ್ವೇ ಸಮಯೊಡು, ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಗ್ ಕಾರಣವಾದ್ ಸುರುತ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ತಾಣೊಲೆನ್ ವಿನ್ಸೆಂಕ್ ಚ್ವೊಜ್ಕಾ (ವಿಕೆಂಟಿ ಖ್ವೊಯ್ಕಾ), ಒರಿ ಚೆಕ್-ಜನಿಸಿದ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಪುರಾತತ್ವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಜ್ಞೆರ್, ಕೀವ್ ಡ್ ಕಿರಿಲಿವ್ಸ್ಕಾ ಬೀದಿ ೫೫ ಡ್ ಕಂಡು ಕನತೆರ್. ಅರೆನ ಆವಿಷ್ಕಾರೊಲೆನ ವರ್ಷೊನು ೧೮೯೩,[೧೬೮] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೬೭] ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿಡ್ ವಾದ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೮೮೭.[೨೮] ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ವಿನ್ಸೆಂಕ್ ಚ್ವೊಜ್ಕಾ 1897ಡ್ 11ನೇ ಪುರಾತತ್ವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಜ್ಞೆರೆನ ಕಾಂಗ್ರೆಸ್ ಡ್ ತನ್ನ ಕಂಡುಹಿಡಿಯೊಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯಾ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿನ್ ಕಂಡುಹಿಡಿಯೆರೆ ಅಧಿಕೃತ ದಿನಾಂಕ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಣ‌ನೆ ಮಲ್ದೆರ್. ಅವ್ವೇ ವರ್ಷೊಡು, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಕೀವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ಡ್ ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯಾ (ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್: Трипилля) ಗ್ರಾಮೊಡು ಇಂಚಿನ ಕಲಾಕೃತಿಲೆನ್ ತೂಯೆರ್. ಫಲವಾದ್, ಈ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿನ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆಲೆಡ್ (ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನನೊಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ರಷ್ಯಾಡ್) 'ಟ್ರಿಪೊಲಿ' (ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ 'ಟ್ರಿಪೊಲಿ', ರಷ್ಯನ್ Тರಿполье ಡ್ದ್), 'ಟ್ರಿಪೊಲಿಯನ್' ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ 'ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯಾ' ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಗುರುತಿಸಯೆರ್. ಇನಿ, ರೊಮೇನಿಯಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತಿನವುಲು ಒಂಜೇ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊಗು ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಗುರುತಿಸವೊಂಡುಂಡು. ಉಂದೆನ್ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾದ್ ರೊಮೇನಿಯಾಡ್ ಕುಕುಟೆನಿ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯಾ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಡ್, "ಕುಕುಟೆನಿ-ಟ್ರಿಪೊಲಿ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ" ಪನ್ಪಿನವು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾದ್ ಇಡೀ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿನ್ ಸೂಚಿಸರೆ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಆಪುಂಡು,[೨೯] ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟೊದ ವಿಸರ್ಜನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಭಾಷೆಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತಿನ "ಕುಕುಟೆನಿ-ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯಾ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ" ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಪದ ಕರೆನ್ಸಿನ್ ಗಳಸೊಂಡು. '''ಭೂಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ''' ಕುಕುಟೆನಿ-ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯಾ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಇತ್ತೆದ ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾ, ಪೂರ್ವ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈಶಾನ್ಯ ರೊಮೇನಿಯಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ, ಮಧ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಕೆಲವು ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ ಬುಲೆವೊಂದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಐರನ್ ಗೇಟ್ಸ್ ದ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತ ಡ್ಯಾನ್ಯೂಬ್ ನದಿ ಜಲಾನಯನ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಡ್ನಿಪರ್ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಈಶಾನ್ಯೊಗು ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಉಂದು ಮಧ್ಯ ಕಾರ್ಪೇಥಿಯನ್ ಪರ್ವತೊಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಶ್ರೇಣಿದ ಎರಡೂ ಬದಿಟ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬಯಲುಲು, ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾಡು ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡ್. ಅಯಿತ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೂಲ ಮಧ್ಯೊಡ್ದ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಡ್ನಿಸ್ಟರ್ (ಪೊಡೊಲಿಯನ್ ಅಪ್ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್) ಮುಟ್ಟ ಉಂಡು.[೩] ಅಟ್ಲಾಂಟಿಕ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಬ್ಬೋರಿಯಲ್ ಹವಾಮಾನ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಬುಲೆವೊಂದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಯುರೋಪ್ ಕಡೆತ ಹಿಮಯುಗದ ಅಂತ್ಯೊಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ ಬೆಚ್ಚ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತೇವಾಂಶೊಡು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಕೃಷಿಗ್ ಅನುಕೂಲಕರ ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿಲೆನ್ ಸೃಷ್ಟಿ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೨೦೦೩ಡ್, ಸುಮಾರ್ ೩,೦೦೦ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ತಾಣೊಲೆನ್ ಗುರುತಿಸಯೆರ್,[೨೧] ಎಲ್ಯ ಊರುಲೆಡ್ದ್ "ಅನೇಕ ಕಂದಕೊಲೆಡ್ ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ನೂದೆಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ನಿವಾಸೊಲೆನ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವಸತಿ ಸ್ಥಾನೊಲು"<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucuteni%E2%80%93Trypillia_culture#cite_ref-31</ref> == ಚರಿತ್ರೆ == [[ಫೈಲ್:TrypillianPottery.JPG|thumb|250x250px| ಟ್ರೈಪಿಲಿಯನ್ ಪಾತ್ರೆಲು (ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯ)]] ಟ್ರೈಪಿಲಿಯಾದ ಸಮೀಪೊಡು ಪುರಾತತ್ತ್ವಜ್ಞೆ ವಿಕೆಂಟಿ ಖ್ವೊಯ್ಕಾ ಕುಕುಟೆನಿ-ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯನ್ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿದ ಒಂಜಿ ವಿಸ್ತಾರವಾದ್ ನವಶಿಲಾಯುಗದ ತಾಣೊನು ಕಂಡು ಕನತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಪೂರ್ವ ಯುರೋಪ್ ದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ನವಶಿಲಾಯುಗ -ಚಾಲ್ಕೋಲಿಥಿಕ್ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mantu|first=Cornelia-Magda|title=Cucuteni–Tripolye cultural complex: relations and synchronisms with other contemporaneous cultures from the Black Sea area|journal=Studia Antiqua et Archaeologica|volume=VII|pages=267|publisher=Iaşi University|location=Iaşi, Romania|date=2000|url=http://cisa.uaic.ro/saa/no7.htm|oclc=228808567}}</ref> ಖ್ವೊಯಿಕಾ 1897ಡ್ ತನ್ನ ಕಂಡುಹಿಡಿಯೊಲೆನ್ 11ನೇ ಪುರಾತತ್ವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಜ್ಞೆರೆನ ಕಾಂಗ್ರೆಸ್ ಗ್ ವರದಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಈ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿದ ಅನ್ವೇಷಣೆದ ಅಧಿಕೃತ ದಿನಾಂಕೊನು ಗುರುತು ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Taranec|first=Natalie|title=The Trypilska Kultura - The Spiritual Birthplace of Ukraine?|publisher=The Trypillian Civilization Society|url=http://www.trypillia.com/articles/eng/re1.shtml|accessdate=21 November 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091102230006/http://www.trypillia.com/articles/eng/re1.shtml|archivedate=November 2, 2009}}</ref> ''ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯಾ'' ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಪುದರ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಭಾಷೆಡ್ 'ಮೂಜಿ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರೊಲು' ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಅರ್ಥ. 1093ಡ್ ಸ್ಟುಗ್ನಾ ನದಿತ ಯುದ್ಧೊಗು ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟ್ ದ್ ಕೀವಾನ್ ವೃತ್ತಾಂತಕಾರೆರ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಸುರುಕು ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೨ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು, ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯಾ ಒಂಜಿ ಕೋಟೆ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಉಂದು ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಡ್ದ್ ಕೀವ್ ಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲೆನ್ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು. ಅಯಿತ ಒರಿ ಆಡಳಿತೆರ್ ಮ್ಸ್ಟಿಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಮ್ಸ್ಟಿಸ್ಲಾವಿಚ್ ಆದಿತ್ತೆರ್. ನನೊಂಜಿ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು, ಊರು ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಆಂಡ್. ೧೯೧೯ಡ್ ಉಂದು ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯಾ ಘಟನೆದ ಸ್ಥಳ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಡ್ಯಾನಿಲೊ ಟೆರ್ಪಿಲೋನ ನೇತೃತ್ವೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸೈನ್ಯೊಲು ಬೊಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ಲೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ಘಟಕೊನು ಸೋತೆರ್. == ಅಂಚನೆ ತೂಲೆ == * ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ * ನವಶಿಲಾಯುಗದ ಯುರೋಪ್ == ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿಲು == {{Reflist|30em}} == ಗ್ರಂಥಸೂಚಿ == * ವಿದೇಕೊ ಎಂ ಯು. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230312134045/http://www.iananu.kiev.ua/privatl/pages/Widejko/index.html ಯುರೋಪ್ ದ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನೊಡು ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯಾ ನಾಗರಿಕತೆ] . ಕೀವ್ ಡೊಮೇನ್ ಆರ್ಕಿಯಾಲಜಿಕಲ್ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ, ಕೀವ್, ೨೦೦೫. == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಲಿಂಕ್ ಲು == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091029053457/http://www.trypillia.com/museum/index.shtml ಟ್ರೈಪಿಲಿಯನ್ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ] * [http://faculty.gvsu.edu/nikitin/ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ನವಶಿಲಾ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091106232051/http://www.trypillia.com/info/index.shtml ದಿ ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯಾ-ಯುಎಸ್ಎ-ಪ್ರಾಜೆಕ್ಟ್] ದಿ ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯನ್ ಸಿವಿಲೈಸೇಶನ್ ಸೊಸೈಟಿ ಮುಖಪುಟ (ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಡ್). * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091128091014/http://www.arattagar.co.uk/Aratta/Trypillia/Trypillia.html ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯನ್ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ] ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯನ್ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಯುಕೆ ಮೂಲದ "ಅರಟ್ಟಾಗರ್" ಗುಂಪುದ ಒಂಜಿ ಪುಟ, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯನ್ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಗ್ ಗುಂಪುದ ಪ್ರವಾಸದ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಎಡ್ಡೆ ಫೋಟೋಗ್ರಾಫ್ ಲು ಉಂಡು (ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಡ್). ifmlvlu8babvghqkcy7nw0c1d4awmdc 0 28098 366794 366422 2026-08-23T23:56:55Z InternetArchiveBot 4316 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 366794 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2026}} {{Infobox document | name = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಘೋಷಣೆ | native_name = Акт проголошення незалежності України | native_name_lang = uk | image = Declaration of Independence of Ukraine, 1991.jpg | image_size = 280px | caption = 24 ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ 1991ಡ್ ಅಂಗೀಕಾರ ಆಯಿನ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಘೋಷಣೆದ ಟೈಪ್ ಮಲ್ಪಾಯಿನ ಪ್ರತಿ | type = ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಘೋಷಣೆ | date_created = 24 ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ 1991 | date_ratified = 24 ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ 1991 | location = ಸೆಂಟ್ರಲ್ ಸ್ಟೇಟ್ ಆರ್ಕೈವ್ ಆಫ್ ದಿ ಹೈಯರ್ ಗವರ್ನಿಂಗ್ ಬಾಡೀಸ್ ಆಫ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್, ಕೀವ್ | author = [[en:Levko Lukianenko|ಲೆವ್ಕೊ ಲುಕ್ಯಾನೆಂಕೊ]] | signatories = [[en:Leonid Kravchuk|ಲಿಯೊನಿದ್ ಕ್ರಾವ್ಚುಕ್]] | purpose = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಘೋಷಣೆ | wikisource = Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine }} '''ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಘೋಷಣೆ''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ನು ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯೂನಿಯನ್ಡ್ದ್ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ ರಾಜ್ಯ ಪಂದ್ ಘೋಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕಾಯ್ದೆ. ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಸಮಾಜವಾದಿ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯೊದ ಸುಪ್ರೀಂ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ (ವರ್ಖೋವ್ನಾ ರಾಡಾ) ಈ ಕಾಯ್ದೆನು 24 ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ 1991ಡ್ ಅಂಗೀಕಾರ ಮಲ್ತುಂಡು. <ref>{{cite web |title=Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/en/1427-12 |website=Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine |access-date=22 August 2026}}</ref> ಈ ಕಾಯ್ದೆ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ರಾಜ್ಯ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊನು ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯೂನಿಯನ್‌ ಕುಡ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತುಂಡು. 1 ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ 1991ಡ್ ನಡತಿನ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಜನಮತಗಣನೆಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಜನಕುಲು ಈ ಘೋಷಣೆಗ್ ವ್ಯಾಪಕ ಬೆಂಬಲ ಕೊರ್ಯೆರ್. ಜನಮತಗಣನೆದ ಪಿರವುಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಗು ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಮಾನ್ಯತೆ ಬೇಗೊಡು ಸಿಕ್ಕುಂಡು. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯೂನಿಯನ್‌ದ 26 ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ 1991ಡ್ ಆಯಿನ ಅಧಿಕೃತ ವಿಸರ್ಜನೆಗ್ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಕಾರಣೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಂಡ್. <ref>{{cite book |last=Magocsi |first=Paul Robert |title=A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2010 |pages=722–723 |isbn=978-1-4426-1021-7}}</ref> [[File:Declaration of Independence of Ukraine, 1991.jpg|thumb|right|250px|24 ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ 1991ಡ್ ಅಂಗೀಕಾರ ಆಯಿನ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಘೋಷಣೆದ ಮೂಲ ದಾಖಲೆ]] == ಅಂಗೀಕಾರ == 19 ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ 1991ಡ್ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯೂನಿಯನ್‌ಡ್ದ್ ಕಠಿಣ ಪಂಥೀಯ ಕಮ್ಯೂನಿಸ್ಟ್ ನಾಯಕರೆರ್ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಕಮ್ಯೂನಿಸ್ಟ್ ಪಕ್ಷೊದ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಣೊನು ಕುಡ ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸುನ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊಡು ದಂಗೆ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ದಂಗೆ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನೊ ವಿಫಲ ಆಯಿನ ಕೂಡಲೇ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಘೋಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ರಾಜಕೀಯ ಒತ್ತಡ ಬಲವಾಂಡು. <ref>{{cite book |last=Magocsi |first=Paul Robert |title=A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2010 |pages=722–723 |isbn=978-1-4426-1021-7}}</ref> ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಘೋಷಣೆದ ಪಠ್ಯೊನು 23 ಆಗಸ್ಟ್‌ದ ರಾತ್ರಿ ದ 24 ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ 1991ದ ಕಾಂಡೆದ ನಡುಟು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ [[en:Levko Lukianenko|ಲೆವ್ಕೊ ಲುಕ್ಯಾನೆಂಕೊ]], [[en:Serhiy Holovatyi|ಸೆರಿಹಿ ಹೊಲೊವಾತ್ಯಿ]], [[en:Mykhailo Horyn|ಮಿಖಾಯ್ಲೊ ಹೊರಿನ್]], ಇವಾನ್ ಜಾಯೆಟ್ಸ್ ಮತ್‍ತು [[en:Vyacheslav Chornovil|ವ್ಯಾಚೆಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಚೊರ್ನೊವಿಲ್]] ತಯಾರ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref>{{cite web |title=A reform that ruined the Soviet Union |url=https://ukrainianweek.com/a-reform-that-ruined-the-soviet-union/ |website=The Ukrainian Week |date=10 November 2018 |access-date=22 August 2026}}</ref> 24 ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ 1991ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸಂಸತ್ 11 ಗಂಟೆದ ತುರ್ತು ಅಧಿವೇಶನೊನು ನಡಪಾಂಡ್. ಈ ಅಧಿವೇಶನೊಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಘೋಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ವಿಚಾರೊನು ಚರ್ಚೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref>{{cite web |title=Historic vote for independence |url=https://www.ukrweekly.com/old/archive/1991/359107.shtml |website=The Ukrainian Weekly |date=1 September 1991 |access-date=22 August 2026}}</ref> ಸುರುಕು ಜನಮತಗಣನೆದ ಮೂಲಕ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊನು ದೃಢೀಕರಿಸುನ ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾವೊನು ಚರ್ಚೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ರಾಜಿ ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾವೊನು 321 ಮತ ಪರವಾದ್, 2 ಮತ ವಿರುದ್ಧವಾದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 6 ತಟಸ್ಥ ಮತೊ ಅಂಗೀಕಾರ ಆಂಡ್. <ref>{{cite web |title=Як Верховна Рада ухвалила проголошення Незалежності |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=example |website=Suspilne |date=24 August 2021 |access-date=22 August 2026}}</ref> ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 18:00 ಗಂಟೆಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಘೋಷಣೆದ ಕಾಯ್ದೆಗ್ ಮತದಾನ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. ಒಟ್ಟು 362 ಸದಸ್ಯೆರೆರ್ ಹಾಜರಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಅಕಲೆನ ಪೈಕಿ '''346 ಸದಸ್ಯೆರೆರ್ ಪರವಾದ್''', '''1 ಸದಸ್ಯೊ ವಿರುದ್ಧವಾದ್''', '''3 ಸದಸ್ಯೆರೆರ್ ತಟಸ್ಥ''' ಮತ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ '''12 ಸದಸ್ಯೆರೆರ್ ಮತ ಪಾಡುದಿನೇ ಇಜ್ಜಿ'''. ಈ ಮೂಲಕ ಕಾಯ್ದೆನು ಭಾರಿ ಬಹು ಮತೊಡು ಅಂಗೀಕಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref>{{cite book |last=Magocsi |first=Paul Robert |title=A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2010 |pages=722–723 |isbn=978-1-4426-1021-7}}</ref> [[File:Verkhovna Rada votes for Independence of Ukraine (remake).png|thumb|right|250px|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಘೋಷಣೆಗ್ ಮತದಾನ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದೃಶ್ಯೊ]] ಅವ್ವೇ ದಿನೊ ಸಂಸತ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಘೋಷಣೆಗ್ ಬೆಂಬಲ ಕೊರೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಜನಮತಗಣನೆ ನಡಪುನ ನಿರ್ಣಯೊನು ಮಲ್ತುಂಡು. ಜನಮತಗಣನೆ ನಡಪುನ ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾವೊನು ವಿರೋಧ ಪಕ್ಷದ ನಾಯಕರೆರ್ ಇಹೋರ್ ಯುಖ್ನೊವ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದ್ಮಿತ್ರೊ ಪಾವ್ಲಿಚ್ಕೊ ಮಂಡಿಸಾಯೆರ್. <ref>{{cite web |title=Historic vote for independence |url=https://www.ukrweekly.com/old/archive/1991/359107.shtml |website=The Ukrainian Weekly |date=1 September 1991 |access-date=22 August 2026}}</ref> ಸಂಸತ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಗಾರ್ಡ್ ರಚನೆಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಭೂಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಸಶಸ್ತ್ರ ಪಡೆಲೆನ ಅಧಿಕಾರೊನು ಸಂಸತ್ತುಗ್ ತರ್ಪುನ ವಿಚಾರೊಲೆನೂ ನಿರ್ಣಯ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref>{{cite web |title=Historic vote for independence |url=https://www.ukrweekly.com/old/archive/1991/359107.shtml |website=The Ukrainian Weekly |date=1 September 1991 |access-date=22 August 2026}}</ref> [[File:Akt nezalezhnosti.jpg|thumb|right|220px|1 ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ 1991ಡ್ ನಡತಿನ ಜನಮತಗಣನೆದ ಮತಪತ್ರೊಡ್ ಮುದ್ರಿಸಾಯಿನ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಘೋಷಣೆ]] == ಜನಮತಗಣನೆ == 1 ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ 1991ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಘೋಷಣೆನು ದೃಢೀಕರಿಸುನ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಜನಮತಗಣನೆ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. ಮತದಾರೆರೆಗ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಘೋಷಣೆದ ಕಾಯ್ದೆನು ದೃಢೀಕರಿಸೊಡಾ ಪಂದ್ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಕೇಂಡೆರ್. <ref>{{cite web |title=1991 Ukrainian independence referendum |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Ukrainian_independence_referendum |website=Wikipedia |access-date=22 August 2026}}</ref> ಒಟ್ಟು '''92% ಮತದಾರೆರ್''' ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊದ ಪರವಾದ್ ಮತ ಕೊರ್ಯೆರ್. ಸುಮಾರು '''84% ಮತದಾರೆರ್''' ಮತದಾನೊಡ್ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯೆರ್. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಪೂರಾ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯಗ್ ಬಹುಮತೊದ ಬೆಂಬಲ ಸಿಕ್ಕುಂಡು. <ref>{{cite web |title=1991 Ukrainian independence referendum |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Ukrainian_independence_referendum |website=Wikipedia |access-date=22 August 2026}}</ref> ಜನಮತಗಣನೆದ ದಿನೊಡೇ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸುರುತ ನೇರ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷೀಯ ಚುನಾವಣೆ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. ಆಜಿ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷೀಯ ಅಭ್ಯರ್ಥಿಲೆಲ್ಲ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊನು ಬೆಂಬಲ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜನಕುಲು ''Yes'' ಪಂದ್ ಮತ ಕೊರೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಪ್ರಚಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref>{{cite web |title=1991 Ukrainian independence referendum |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Ukrainian_independence_referendum |website=Wikipedia |access-date=22 August 2026}}</ref> ಈ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಡ್ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯೂನಿಯನ್ ಒಟ್ಟುಗೂಡಿಸಾಯಿನ ರಾಜ್ಯೊ ಪಂದ್ ಉಳಿಯುನ ಸಾಧ್ಯತೆ ಮಸ್ಕತ್ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯೂನಿಯನ್‌ಡ್ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಪಿರವುಡ್ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಾಜಕೀಯವಾದ್ ಅತಿ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯೊಲೆನೆಟ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಂಡ್. <ref>{{cite book |last=Magocsi |first=Paul Robert |title=A History of Ukraine: The Land and Its Peoples |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=2010 |pages=722–723 |isbn=978-1-4426-1021-7}}</ref> ಒಂಜಿ ವಾರದ ಪಿರವುಡ್ ಪೊಸ ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಆಯಿನ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷ ಲಿಯೊನಿದ್ ಕ್ರಾವ್ಚುಕ್ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷ [[en:Boris Yeltsin|ಬೊರಿಸ್ ಯೆಲ್ತ್ಸಿನ್]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಲಾರಸ್‌ದ ನಾಯಕ [[en:Stanislav Shushkevich|ಸ್ಟಾನಿಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಶುಶ್ಕೆವಿಚ್]] ಇರೆನ್‌ದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ [[en:Belovezh Accords|ಬೆಲೊವೆಝ್ ಒಪ್ಪಂದೊ]]ಗ್ ಸಹಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಒಪ್ಪಂದೊಡ್ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯೂನಿಯನ್ ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವ ಮುಗಿಂಡ್ ಪಂದ್ ಘೋಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref>{{cite book |last1=Saunders |first1=Robert A. |last2=Strukov |first2=Vlad |title=Historical Dictionary of the Russian Federation |publisher=Scarecrow Press |year=2010 |page=75 |isbn=978-0-8108-5475-8}}</ref> 26 ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ 1991ಡ್ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯೂನಿಯನ್ ಅಧಿಕೃತವಾದ್ ವಿಸರ್ಜನೆ ಆಂಡ್. <ref>{{cite book |last1=Carlisle |first1=Rodney P. |last2=Golson |first2=J. Geoffrey |title=Turning Points – Actual and Alternate Histories: The Reagan Era from the Iran Crisis to Kosovo |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2007 |page=111 |isbn=978-1-85109-885-5}}</ref> 24 ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ದಿನೊನು 1992 ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ '''ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ದಿನ''' ಪಂದ್ ಆಚರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. <ref>{{cite book |title=Ukraine Intelligence & Security Activities and Operations Handbook |publisher=International Business Publications |year=2009 |page=268 |isbn=978-0-7397-1661-4}}</ref> == ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಮಾನ್ಯತೆ == [[File:Leonid Kravchuk.jpg|thumb|right|200px|ಲಿಯೊನಿದ್ ಕ್ರಾವ್ಚುಕ್ — ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸುರುತ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಘೋಷಣೆದ ಸಮಯೊದ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ದ ಸಂಸತ್ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷೆ]] ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಜನಮತಗಣನೆದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಮಾನ್ಯತೆ ಶೀಘ್ರೊಡ್ ಬತ್ತುಂಡು. [[en:Poland|ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ [[en:Canada|ಕೆನಡಾ]] 2 ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ 1991ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊನು ಮಾನ್ಯ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಸುರುತ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೊಲೆನ ಪೈಕಿ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. <ref>{{cite book |last=Solchanyk |first=Roman |title=Ukraine and Russia: The Post-Soviet Transition |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2001 |page=100 |isbn=978-0-7425-1018-0}}</ref> ಅವ್ವೇ ದಿನ ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಫೆಡರೇಟಿವ್ ಸೋಷಲಿಸ್ಟ್ ರಿಪಬ್ಲಿಕ್‌ದ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷೆ [[en:Boris Yeltsin|ಬೊರಿಸ್ ಯೆಲ್ತ್ಸಿನ್]] ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊನು ಮಾನ್ಯ ಮಲ್ತೇರ್ ಪಂದ್ ವರದಿ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref>{{cite news |title=Ex-Communist Wins in Ukraine; Yeltsin Recognizes Independence |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/03/world/ex-communist-wins-in-ukraine-yeltsin-recognizes-independence.html |work=The New York Times |date=3 December 1991 |access-date=22 August 2026}}</ref> [[File:George H. W. Bush presidential portrait.jpg|thumb|right|200px|ಅಮೆರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನದ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಎಚ್. ಡಬ್ಲ್ಯೂ. ಬುಶ್]] [[en:United States|ಅಮೆರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ]] 25 ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ 1991ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊನು ಅಧಿಕೃತವಾಗಿ ಮಾನ್ಯ ಮಲ್ಪುನು. <ref>{{cite web |title=A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: Ukraine |url=https://history.state.gov/countries/ukraine |website=Office of the Historian, United States Department of State |access-date=22 August 2026}}</ref> 1991ದ ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ ಅಂತ್ಯೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊನು 68 ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೊಲು ಮಾನ್ಯ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. 1992ಡ್ ನನ 64 ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೊಲು ಮಾನ್ಯತೆ ಕೊರ್ಯೆರ್. <ref>{{cite web |title=Ukrainian Independence |url=http://wnu-ukraine.com/news/politics/?id=1320 |website=Worldwide News Ukraine |date=2012 |access-date=22 August 2026 |archivedate=4 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104074354/http://wnu-ukraine.com/news/politics/?id=1320 |url-status=bot: unknown }}</ref> ಜನವರಿ 1992ಡ್ ಅಮೆರಿಕ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಎಚ್. ಡಬ್ಲ್ಯೂ. ಬುಶ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದುಂಬುದ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯೂನಿಯನ್‌ದ ಬೇತೆ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯೊಲೆಗ್ ಮಾನವೀಯ ಸಹಾಯ ಕೊರೊಡಾಯಿನ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊನು ಅನುಮೋದಿಸಾಯೆರ್. <ref>{{cite web |title=Remarks at the International Conference on Humanitarian Assistance to the Former U.S.S.R. |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/remarks-the-international-conference-humanitarian-assistance-the-former-ussr |website=The American Presidency Project |date=22 January 1992 |access-date=22 August 2026}}</ref> == ಪಠ್ಯ == {{Quote |text= '''ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಘೋಷಣೆದ ಕಾಯ್ದೆ''' 19 ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ 1991ಡ್ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯೂನಿಯನ್‌ಡ್ ನಡತಿನ ರಾಜ್ಯ ದಂಗೆದ ಕಾರಣೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ನು ಸುತ್ತುವರಿತಿನ ಗಂಭೀರ ಅಪಾಯೊನು ಗಮನೊಡು ಕಂತ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಸಾವಿರ ವರ್ಷೊಲೆನ ರಾಜ್ಯ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಪರಂಪರೆನು ಮುಂದುವರಿಸಾದ್, ವಿಶ್ವಸಂಸ್ಥೆದ ಘೋಷಣಾಪತ್ರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಕಾನೂನು ದಾಖಲೆಲೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಒಂಜಿ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಗ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸ್ವಯಂ-ನಿರ್ಣಯದ ಹಕ್ಕ್‌ದ ಆಧಾರೊಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ರಾಜ್ಯ ಸಾರ್ವಭೌಮತ್ವೊದ ಘೋಷಣೆನ್ ಜಾರಿಗೆ ಕಂತ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಸಮಾಜವಾದಿ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯೊದ ವರ್ಖೋವ್ನಾ ರಾಡಾ ಗಂಭೀರವಾದ್ '''ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ರಾಜ್ಯ — ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ — ರಚನೆನು ಘೋಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನು''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಭೂಪ್ರದೇಶ ಅವಿಭಾಜ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಲ್ಲಂಘನೆಗ್ ಒಳಪಡುಂಡು ಈ ದಿನೊತ ದುಂಬು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸಂವಿಧಾನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾನೂನುಲೆ ಮಾತ್ರ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಭೂಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ಜಾರಿಗೆ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಈ ಕಾಯ್ದೆನು ಅಂಗೀಕಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಕ್ಷಣೊಡ್ದ್ ಜಾರಿಗೆ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. — ವರ್ಖೋವ್ನಾ ರಾಡಾ ಆಫ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್, 24 ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ 1991 }} ಈ ಪಠ್ಯೊದ ಮೂಲ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ದಾಖಲೆ 24 ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ 1991ಡ್ ಅಂಗೀಕಾರ ಆಯಿನ ಅಧಿಕೃತ ಕಾಯ್ದೆ. <ref>{{cite web |title=Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/en/1427-12 |website=Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine |access-date=22 August 2026}}</ref> [[File:Resolution On the Independence of Ukraine.jpg|thumb|right|220px|24 ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ 1991ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊನು ಘೋಷಿಸಾಯಿನ ಸಂಸತ್ ನಿರ್ಣಯೊದ ದಾಖಲೆ]] == ಟಿಪ್ಪಣಿಲು == {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲುಲು == * [https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/en/1427-12 ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ವರ್ಖೋವ್ನಾ ರಾಡಾ — ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಘೋಷಣೆದ ಅಧಿಕೃತ ದಾಖಲೆ] * [https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Act_of_Declaration_of_Independence_of_Ukraine Wikisource — Act of Declaration of Independence of Ukraine] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ukraine_Independence_Act Wikimedia Commons — Ukraine Independence Act] * [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_Ukraine English Wikipedia — Declaration of Independence of Ukraine] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:1991ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:1991ದ ದಾಖಲೆಲು]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಘೋಷಣೆಲು]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಯೂನಿಯನ್‌ದ ವಿಸರ್ಜನೆ]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಚಳುವಳಿ]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:1991ಡ್ ಕಾನೂನು]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸಂಬಂಧೊಲು]] ei3nmd7byq5wzxrnuw3hettvji3vfyd 0 28102 366796 366437 2026-08-24T00:06:08Z InternetArchiveBot 4316 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 366796 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|೧೪ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಕೋಟೆ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೋಹ್‌ಡ್}} {{Infobox military installation | name = | ensign = | ensign_size = | native_name = Острозький замок | location = [[ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೋಹ್‌ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌]] | image = Острог. Замок..jpg | image_alt = Photograph of castle | caption = | image2 = <!--secondary image, major command emblems for airfields -->}} ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೋಹ್ ಕೋಟೆ (ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್: Острозький замок, ಲಿಪ್ಯಂತರಣ: Ostroz'kyi zamok; ಪೋಲಿಷ್: Zamek w Ostrogu) ಉಂದು ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ರಿವ್ನೆ ಓಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್‌ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೋಹ್ ನಗರದ ಒಂಜಿ ಕೋಟೆ ಆದುಂಡು. ೧೪ನೇ, ೧೫ನೇ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೬ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಲೆಡ್, ಈ ಕೋಟೆ ಪ್ರಬಲವಾಯಿನ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೋಹ್ ಮನೆತನದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಭದ್ರಕೋಟೆ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಇತ್ತೆ ಉಂದು ಭಗ್ನಾವಸ್ಥೆಡ್ ಉಂಡು. == ಜಾಗ == ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೋಹ್ ಕೋಟೆ ಉಂದು ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ರಿವ್ನೆ ಓಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೋಹ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣದ ಒಂಜಿ ಕೋಟೆ ಆದುಂಡು. ಈ ಕೋಟೆದ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊಡು ನಾಲ್ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ರಚನೆಲು ಉಂಡು: {{Ill|ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೋಹ್ ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯ|uk|Острозький краєзнавчий музей}}<ref>https://ostrohcastle.com.ua/krayeznavchyj-muzej/</ref> ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಕಾವಲು ಗೋಪುರ ಬೊಹೊಯಾವ್ಲೆನ್ಸ್ಕಾ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಪೊಸ ಗೋಪುರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೫ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟ್‌ನ ಗಂಟೆ ಗೋಪುರ. ಈ ಕೋಟೆ ಒಂತೆ ಎಲ್ಯ ಎತ್ತರೊಡುಪ್ಪುನ ಅಂಡಾಕಾರದ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ನೈಸರ್ಗಿಕ ಭೂಗೋಳ ಕೋಟೆದ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊನು ಭದ್ರ ಮಲ್ಪರೆ ಸಹಾಯ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ಂಡ್; ಕೋಟೆದ ತೆಂಕಾಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೂಡಾಯಿ ಮೈ ೨೦ ಮೀಟರ್ ಎತ್ತರದ ಬಂಡೆದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಉಂಡು, ಅಂಚನೆ ಬಡಕಾಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಡ್ಡಾಯಿ ಮೈಟ್ ದುಂಬು ಇತ್ತಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಕಮರಿದ ಬದಲ್ಗ್ ಕಂದಕಲೆದ ಸಾಲ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ನಗರೊನು ಕೋಟೆರ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು. == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ೧೨೪೧ದ [[ಮಂಗೋಲಿಯನ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣರ್ದ್]] ದುಂಬು ಈ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ಸುರುತ ಮರತ ಕೋಟೆಲೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟ್‌ದಿತ್ತೆರ್, ಅಂಡ ಆ ಆಕ್ರಮಣದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಅವು ನಾಶ ಆಂಡು. ೧೪ನೇ, ೧೫ನೇ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೬ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಲೆಡ್, ಈ ಕೋಟೆ ಪ್ರಬಲವಾಯಿನ [[ಆಸ್ಟ್ರೋಗ್ಸ್ಕಿ|ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೋಹ್ ಮನೆತನದ]] ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಭದ್ರಕೋಟೆ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೩೮೬ರ್ದ್, ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೋಹ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣವು ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಕಟ್ಟ್‌ದಿನ [[ಆಸ್ಟ್ರೋಗ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕುಟುಂಬ|ಆಸ್ಟ್ರೋಗ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕುಟುಂಬೊಗು]] ಸೇರ್ದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಆಸ್ಟ್ರೋಗ್ಸ್ಕಿಲೆನ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆಡ್, ಈ ಪಟ್ಟಣದ ಪ್ರಾಮುಖ್ಯತೆ ಜಾಸ್ತಿಯಾಂಡ್.<ref name="Int1">{{cite web |title=Ostroh |url=https://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CO%5CS%5COstroh.htm |website=Internet Encyclopaedia of Ukraine |publisher=Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies |access-date=10 September 2023}}</ref> ಈ ಅವಶೇಷೊಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆ ಕುಟುಂಬದ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕೆರಾಯಿನ [[ಡ್ಯಾನಿಲೋ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೋಜ್ಕಿ|ಡ್ಯಾನಿಲೋ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೋಜ್ಕಿ]] ನಗರದ ಸುಡೋವಿ ಬೆಟ್ಟಡ್ ಕುಡ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯೆರ್. ಅವೆರ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಲು ಆತ್ಂಡ್, ಅಂಡಲಾ ಈ ಕೋಟೆದ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣ ತನ್ನ [[ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ|ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊನು]] ಒರಿತೊಂದುಂಡು. ೨೦ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುಟು, [[ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಜನಕುಲೆನ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ|ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಜನಕುಲೆನ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟದ]] ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಶಾಖೆದ ನಾಯಕೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೋಹ್‌ದ ಧರ್ಮಗುರು ಮೈಖೈಲೊ ಟುಚೆಮ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮೆರೆನ ಮುತುವರ್ಜಿಕೆಡ್ ಈ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಆ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಈ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೊನು ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೦೯-೧೯೧೬ಡ್ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೋಹ್‌ದ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆರೆನ ಪುದರ್‌ಡ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ [[ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಸಹೋದರತ್ವ]] ಒಂಜಿ ಟುಚೆಮ್ಸ್ಕಿನ ನಾಯಕತ್ವಡ್ ಸಕ್ರಿಯವಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref>{{Cite book|title=For Faith, Tsar and Kobzar: Little Russian Monarchists and the Ukrainian National Movement|author1=Klymentii I. Fedevych|author2= Klymentii K. Fedevych|date=2017|publisher=[[Krytyka]]|page=165|isbn=9789662789058}}</ref> ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗೋಪುರೊಲೆನ್ಲಾ ಪದ್ನೈದನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ರಡ್ಡನೇ ಅರ್ಧಭಾಗೊಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪದ್ನಾಜನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಸುರುಟು ಮರಳುಗಲ್ಲುರ್ದು ಕಟ್ಟ್‌ದೆರ್. ಅವು ಮೂಜಿ ಅಂತಸ್ತಿನ ರಚನೆಲಾದಿತ್ತ್‌ದ್, ಅಂಡಾಕಾರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಯತಾಕಾರೊನು ಒಟ್ಟುಸೇರಾಯಿನ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊನು ಹೊಂದ್ಂಡ್. ೧೯೮೫ರ್ದ್, ಲುಟ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಗೋಪುರಡ್ ಪುಸ್ತಕದ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಂಡು. ಟಾಟರ್ ಗೋಪುರ ಹಾಳಾದ್ ಪೋತ್ಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಟ್ಟಡದ ದೀರ್ಘವೃತ್ತದ ಭಾಗದ ಮಲ್ಲೊಂಜಿ ಪಾಲ್ ನಾಶವಾತ್ಂಡ್. == ಪರಂಪರೆ == ಈ ಕೋಟೆ ಭಗ್ನಾವಸ್ಥೆಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಒಂಜಿ ಎಲ್ಯ ಕಂದಕಡ್ದ್ ಬೇತೆಯಾಯಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಎಲ್ಯ ಉದ್ಯಾನವನ ಕೋಟೆದ ಕೈತಲ್ಡ್ ಉಂಡು. [[ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೋಹ್ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ|ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೋಹ್ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿದ]] ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಯಾಯಿನ ೪೦೦ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವದ ನೆನಪುಗಾದ್, ೧೯೭೮ಡ್ ಈ ಉದ್ಯಾನವನೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊನು ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ದುಂಬು ಉಂದೇ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಅಲ್ಪ [[ಇವಾನ್ ಫಿಯೊಡೊರೊವ್ (ಮುದ್ರಕ)|ಇವಾನ್ ಫೆಡೊರೊವ್]] "ಅಜ್ಬುಕಾ" (''ವರ್ಣಮಾಲೆ'') ಬೊಕ್ಕ [[ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೋಗ್ ಬೈಬಲ್|ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೋಗ್ ಬೈಬಲ್‌ನ್]] ಮುದ್ರಣ ಮಲ್ತಿದಿತ್ತೆರ್. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{reflist|30em}} == ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಓದುಗಾದ್ == * {{cite journal |last1=ಅತಮಾನೆಂಕೊ |first1=ವಿ. |title=Опис Острозької волості 1654 року |journal=ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಕಿಯೋಗ್ರಾಫಿಕ್ ಇಯರ್‌ಬುಕ್ |date=೨೦೦೪ |volume=೮/೯ |pages=೫೦೪{{ndash}}೫೨೮ |url=https://chtyvo.org.ua/authors/Atamanenko_Viktor/Opys_Ostrozkoi_volosti_1654_roku/ |ref=none |trans-title=೧೬೫೪ಡ್ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೋಹ್ ಪ್ಯಾರಿಷ್‌ದ ವಿವರಣೆ |language=uk}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080507190237/http://7chudes.in.ua/info/142.htm](http://7chudes.in.ua/info/142.htm)|title=ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೋಹ್‌ದ ಕೋಟೆ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣ=೧೨ ಮೇ ೨೦೦೮ |work=[[Seven Wonders of Ukraine|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಏಳ್ ಅದ್ಭುತೊಲು]] * {{cite web|url=http://www.history.univ.kiev.ua/portall/castle.html|title=Ostroh Castle|access-date=2008-05-12|work=[[Kiev University|National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv]]|language=uk|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507072445/http://www.history.univ.kiev.ua/portall/castle.html|archive-date=7 May 2008}} == ಪಿದಾಯಿದ ಸಂಪರ್ಕೊಲು == {{commonscat|Ostroh Castle}} * [http://castles.com.ua/ostrog.html ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೋಹ್] ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕೋಟೆಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆದ ಜಾಲತಾಣರ್ದ್ (ಸ್ವಯಂ ಪ್ರಕಟಿತ) * [http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Ostrozkyj_zamok ''ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಇತಿಹಾಸದ ವಿಶ್ವಕೋಶ''ರ್ದ್ ಲೇಖನ] cddr7kjmtwh61oiloen45lfrb7nkcff 0 28123 366800 366571 2026-08-24T00:30:57Z InternetArchiveBot 4316 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 366800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{AI-generated|date=ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬}} {{Reflist}} '''ಡೆರ್ಜ್ಪ್ರೊಮ್''' ( Ukrainian ) ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ '''ಗೊಸ್ಪ್ರೊಮ್''' ( Russian ) ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಪಂಡ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಖಾರ್ಕಿವ್ ಡ್ ಫ್ರೀಡಮ್ ಸ್ಕ್ವೇರ್ ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಚೇರಿ ಕಟ್ಟಡ . ಕನ್ಸ್ಟ್ರಕ್ಟಿವಿಸ್ಟ್ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಉಂದು 1928ಡ್ ಮುಗಿನಗ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟೊಡು ಸುರುತ ಆಧುನಿಕ ಗಗನಚುಂಬಿ ಕಟ್ಟಡ <ref>{{Cite web|title=The First Soviet Skyscraper|url=http://travel.uaportal.com/news/52616.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070807173634/http://travel.uaportal.com:80/news/52616.html|archivedate=7 August 2007}}</ref> ಉಂದೆತ ಪುದರ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಪದೊಕುಲೆನ ಸಂಕ್ಷಿಪ್ತ ರೂಪ, ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ತೂಂಡ, ''ರಾಜ್ಯ ಉದ್ಯಮ'' ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಅರ್ಥ. ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಡ್ ಈ ರಚನೆನ್ ರಾಜ್ಯ ಉದ್ಯಮ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಉದ್ಯಮದ ಅರಮನೆ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. '''ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ''' ಡೆರ್ಜ್ಪ್ರೊಮ್ 20ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಸುರುತ ಅರ್ಧೊದ ಆಧುನಿಕ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊನು<ref>https://galinaaksyenova.livejournal.com/10275.html</ref> ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸವುನ ವಿವಿಧ ರಚನೆಲೆಡ್ ವಿಶ್ವ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ಅನನ್ಯ ವಿದ್ಯಮಾನೊ ಆದ್ ತನ್ನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಪಡೆಯೊಂದುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://vecherniy.kharkov.ua/news/26020/ |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2026-08-23 |archivedate=2023-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417063804/https://vecherniy.kharkov.ua/news/26020/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಟೆಂಟೇಟಿವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ದುಂಬೇ ಉಂಡು. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6249/|title=Derzhprom (The State Industry Building)|accessdate=30 April 2026|publisher=World Heritage Centre}}</ref> ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ ೨೮, ೨೦೨೪ಡ್, ಡೆರ್ಜ್ಪ್ರೊಮ್ ನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾ ಬಾಂಬ್ ದಾಳಿ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಉಂದೆಡ್ದ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಹಾನಿ ಆಂಡ್. ಡೆರ್ಜ್ಪ್ರೊಮ್ ಪಂಡ ಖಾರ್ಕಿವ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಕೈಗಾರಿಕಾ, ಆಧುನಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ನಗರೊದ ಸಂಕೇತ. ಡೆರ್ಜ್ಪ್ರೊಮ್ ನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ರಚನಾತ್ಮಕತೆಗ್ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟಿನವು, ಅಯಿತ ರೂಪೊಲು ಕೈಗಾರಿಕಾ ಆದುಂಡು. ಈ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಗ್ ಎಚ್ಚಿನ ಸೌಂದರ್ಯೊದ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾರ್ಯಕಾರಿತ್ವ ಉಂಡು; ಅಯಿತ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು "ಸಂವಹನ ಲೀಪ್" ಗ್ ಹೋಲಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ೧೯೨೦ ದಶಕೊಡು, ಇಂಚಿನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಯುರೋಪ್ ಡ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ಅತ್ತ್ ಜಗತ್ತ್ ಡ್ ಲಾ ಒಂಜಿ ನವೀನತೆ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref>https://www.rusnauka.com/9._EISN_2007/Stroitelstvo/21548.doc.htm</ref> ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಕ್ರಿಯಾತ್ಮಕತೆದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ತಿರ್ತ್ ಕೊರ್ನವು ಪೂರ ಉಂಡು ಯುಟಿಲಿಟೇರಿಯನ್ – ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಕೈಗಾರಿಕಾ ನಿರ್ವಹಣೆದ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆಲೆಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಜಾಗೆ. ಸೈದ್ಧಾಂತಿಕ – ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಗತಿಪರ ವಿದ್ಯಮಾನೊದ ರೂಪೊಡು ಕೈಗಾರಿಕೀಕರಣದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆನ್ ಬಹಿರಂಗ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು. ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ – ಪೊಸ ಖಾರ್ಕಿವ್ ನ ಒಂಜಿ ವಿಶಾಲವಾದ್ ಕೇಂದ್ರ, ಸರ್ಕಾರದ ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕವಾದ್ ಮಹತ್ವದ ವಸ್ತು, ರಜೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರದರ್ಶನೊಲೆನಂಚಿನ ಸಾಮೂಹಿಕ ಘಟನೆಲೆನ ಜಾಗೆ. ಸಾಂಕೇತಿಕ – "ಸಂಘಟಿತ ಲೋಕ", ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಯುಗೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೈಗಾರಿಕೀಕರಣೊದ ಸಂಕೇತ. ಸಂಯೋಜನಾತ್ಮಕ – ನಗರದ ಜಾಗತೀಯ ರಚನೆಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಬಲ್ಯ; ಚೌಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊದ ಜಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು; ಚೌಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊದ ಗಡಿ ಗುರುತು (ಚೌಕದ ಮಟ್ಟೊಡು). ಸಿಮ್ಯಾಟಿಕ್ – ಆರ್ಕಿಟೈಪಲ್ ಯೋಜನೆಲೆಗ್ ಕಾರಣವಾಪುನ ಲ್ಯಾಕೋನಿಕ್ ರೂಪೊಲು; ಭೂದೃಶ್ಯದ ಸಂಕೇತೊಡು ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆ.<ref>https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Derzhprom</ref> == ಚರಿತ್ರೆ == [[ಫೈಲ್:Palace_of_industry.jpg|left|thumb| ೧೯೨೦ ದಶಕದ ಉತ್ತರಾರ್ಧೊಡು ಡೆರ್ಜ್ಪ್ರೊಮ್ ಕಟ್ಟಡ.]] [[ಫೈಲ್:Gosprom_to_Build_1925.jpg|left|thumb| ಡೆರ್ಜ್ಪ್ರೊಮ್ ಕಟ್ಟಡದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ (ಸುಮಾರ್ ೧೯೨೫).]] "ಸುರುತ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಗಗನಚುಂಬಿ" ದ ಅದ್ಭುತ ಉದ್ಘಾಟನೆ ನವೆಂಬರ್ ೭, ೧೯೨೮ಡ್ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="GUE">{{Cite encyclopedia|encyclopedia=[[Great Ukrainian Encyclopedia]]|url=https://vue.gov.ua/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96|accessdate=30 April 2026|last=Vechersky|first=Victor|date=5 April 2022|authorlink=Victor Vechersky|language=uk|trans_title=Derzhprom in Kharkiv|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241116165022/https://vue.gov.ua/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D1%83_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96|archivedate=16 November 2024}}</ref> ಖಾರ್ಕಿವ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಆನಗ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಗೊಳಿಸಾಯಿನ ಕೆಲವು ಪ್ರದರ್ಶನ ಯೋಜನೆಲೆಡ್ ಈ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಒಂಜಿ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಉಂದೆನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಲು ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಸೆರಾಫಿಮೊವ್, ಸ್ಯಾಮ್ಯುಯೆಲ್ ಕ್ರಾವೆಟ್ಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಾರ್ಕ್ ಫೆಲ್ಗರ್ ಮೂಜಿ ವರ್ಸೊಡು ಮಾತ್ರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref name="EHU">{{Cite encyclopedia|year=2021|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine]]|publisher=[[Naukova Dumka]]|location=Kyiv|url=http://www.history.org.ua/?termin=derzhprom_budynok_derzhavnoji_promyslovosti|accessdate=30 April 2026|last=Shvydenko|first=O. O.|editor-last=Smoliy|editor-first=Valeriy|editor-link=Valeriy Smoliy|volume=1 (supplementary)|language=uk|trans_title=DERZHPROM, the Building of State Industry|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250604023430/http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=derzhprom_budynok_derzhavnoji_promyslovosti|archivedate=4 June 2025}}</ref> ೧೯೨೮ಡ್ ಮುಗಿನಗ ಉಂದು ಜಗತ್ತ್ ಡ್ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ವಿಶಾಲವಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ರಚನೆ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೩೦ ದಶಕೊಗು ಮುಟ್ಟ ಅಯಿನ್ ಮೀರ್ದ್ ಪೋಯಿಜಿ. ಚೌಕದ ಮಧ್ಯೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಬಿಂದುಡು ಮಾತ್ರ ಅನುಭವಿಸವೊಲಿ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಸಮರೂಪತೆಡ್ ಉಂದೆತ ಅನನ್ಯ ಲಕ್ಷಣ ಉಂಡು. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ:Citation needed|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2026)">ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಬೋಡು</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> ಅಯಿತ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಡು ಕಾಂಕ್ರೀಟ್ ದ ಬಳಕೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಓವರ್ಹೆಡ್ ವಾಕ್ವೇಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ ಪರಸ್ಪರ ಸಂಬಂಧೊಡುಪ್ಪುನ ಗೋಪುರೊಲೆನ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊನು ಅತ್ಯಂತ ನವೀನವಾದ್ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref>{{Cite web|last=ua_archi|date=13 November 2009|title=Госпром|url=https://ua-archi.livejournal.com/517.html|accessdate=19 April 2021|website=Україна. Архітектура. Історія.}}</ref> ಡೆರ್ಜ್ಪ್ರೊಮ್ ನ ಕಚೇರಿಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಕೊಠಡಿಲು ಏರ್ ಕಂಡಿಷನಿಂಗ್, ಎಲೆಕ್ಟ್ರಿಕಲ್ ಲೈಟಿಂಗ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರೇಡಿಯೋ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ ಲೆನಂಚಿನ ಸುಧಾರಿತ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನೊನು ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಸುರುತ ಕಸದ ಚುಟ್ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="EHU" /> ವಿಮರ್ಶಕೆರ್ ರೆನರ್ ಬನ್ಹ್ಯಾಮ್ ತನ್ನ ''ಥಿಯರಿ ಅಂಡ್ ಡಿಸೈನ್ ಇನ್ ದ ಫಸ್ಟ್ ಮೆಷಿನ್ ಏಜ್'' ಡ್ ಈ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊನು 1920 ದಶಕೊದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಾಧನೆಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಯೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಡೆಸ್ಸಾವು ಬೌಹಾಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರೊಟ್ಟರ್ಡ್ಯಾಮ್ ಡ್ ವ್ಯಾನ್ ನೆಲ್ಲೆ ಫ್ಯಾಕ್ಟರಿಗ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ಹೋಲಿಕೆ ಆಪುಂಡು. ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಈ ರಚನೆಗ್ ಏತ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡಲಾ ಉಂದು ಬದುಕುದು ಉಪ್ಪೆರೆ ಅನುವು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್,  ಆಂಡಲಾ ಸ್ಫೋಟೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಒಳ್ಗ್ ಹಾನಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. <ref>{{Cite web|date=8 November 2024|trans_title=Derzhprom—the most famous Constructivist building and a symbol of Kharkiv, which was damaged twice by Russian aerial bombing|url=https://suspilne.media/culture/867919-derzprom-najvidomisa-konstruktivistska-budivla-ta-simvol-harkova-so-bula-uskodzena-rosijskou-raketou/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260414112548/https://suspilne.media/culture/867919-derzprom-najvidomisa-konstruktivistska-budivla-ta-simvol-harkova-so-bula-uskodzena-rosijskou-raketou/|archivedate=14 April 2026|accessdate=30 April 2026|website=[[Suspilne Kultura]]|language=uk}}</ref> ೧೯೨೬ ವಸಂತ ಋತುಡು, ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ತೊಂದರೆಡ್ದ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ಮುಚ್ಚೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧರಿಸಯೆರ್. ಅಪಗ ರಾಜ್ಯ ಉದ್ಯಮದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಮುಖ್ಯಸ್ಥೆ, ಪಾವ್ಲೋ ರೊಟ್ಟರ್ಟ್, ಮಾಸ್ಕೋಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರ್, ಅಲ್ಪ ಫೆಲಿಕ್ಸ್ ಡ್ಜೆರ್ಜಿನ್ಸ್ಕಿಡ್ದ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಗು ಬೆಂಬಲೊನು ಕಂಡುಕೊನೆರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಂಡ್. ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೧೯೨೬ಡ್, ಆರ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಗಗನಚುಂಬಿ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊನು ಕಟ್ಟೆರೆ ವಾಪಸ್ ಬತ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೧೯೨೬ಡ್ ಅಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಆಧಾರೊಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಗು ಹಣಕಾಸು ಒದಗಿಸೆರೆ ನಿರ್ಧರಿಸಯೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Shuvalova |first=E.A. |title=Conference Materials |last2=Nuriddinov |first2=K.K. |last3=Hovakimyan |first3=S.S. |date=2019 |publisher=LJournal |chapter=Waste wood-based building materials |doi=10.18411/sr-10-06-2019-25 |chapter-url=http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/sr-10-06-2019-25}}</ref> ಡೆರ್ಜ್ಪ್ರೊಮ್ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊನು ಡ್ಜಿಗಾ ವರ್ಟೋವ್ ನ ''ಥ್ರೀ ಸಾಂಗ್ಸ್ ಅಬೌಟ್ ಲೆನಿನ್'' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೆರ್ಗೆ ಐಸೆನ್ಸ್ಟೈನ್ ನ ''ದಿ ಜನರಲ್ ಲೈನ್'' ಇಂಚಿನ ಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆಡ್ ಆಧುನಿಕತೆದ ಸಂಕೇತವಾದ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. 1934ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ರಾಜಧಾನಿನ್ ಕೀವ್ ಗ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ, ಸ್ಟಾಲಿನಿಸ್ಟ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊದ ಪರವಾದ್ ಕನ್ಸ್ಟ್ರಕ್ಟಿವಿಸಂ ನ್ ನನೊಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿ ಖಂಡನೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ನಂತರ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹತೆ ಮರೆಮಾಚಿಂಡ್. ಖಾರ್ಕಿವ್ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಆನಗ ಡೆರ್ಜ್ಪ್ರೊಮ್ ಡ್ ಪಿಪಲ್ಸ್ ಕಮಿಷರ್ಸ್ ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಸಂಖ್ಯಾತ ಸರ್ಕಾರಿ ಇಲಾಖೆಲು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೯೫೦ ದಶಕೊಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಅಯಿತ ಒಂಜಿ ಗೋಪುರೊನು ದೂರದರ್ಶನ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊ ಆದ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ ಛಾವಣಿಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಟಿವಿ ರಿಲೇ ಗೋಪುರೊನು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref name="GUE" /> ಈ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊನು 2017ಡ್ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋದ ತಾತ್ಕಾಲಿಕ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಾಯೆರ್ <ref name="bomb2">{{Cite web|date=2024-10-30|title=Kharkiv’s historic Derzhprom skyscraper becomes latest victim of Russian bombardments|url=https://kyivindependent.com/kharkivs-historic-skyscraper-becomes-the-latest-victim-of-russias-bombardments/|accessdate=2024-10-29|website=The Kyiv Independent|last=Elsa Court|language=en}}</ref> <ref name="bomb">{{Cite web|date=2024-10-29|title=UPDATED: Russia’s attack on Kharkiv injures 9, damages historic landmark|url=https://kyivindependent.com/russia-strikes-center-of-kharkiv-with-aerial-glide-bombs-injuring-at-least-5-people/|accessdate=2024-10-29|website=The Kyiv Independent|last=Kateryna Hodunova|last2=Olena Goncharova|language=en}}</ref> ಡ್ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋದ ತಾತ್ಕಾಲಿಕ ವರ್ಧಿತ ರಕ್ಷಣೆಡ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. [[ಫೈಲ್:Attack_on_Derzhprom,_28_October_2024_(40).jpg|thumb| ೨೦೨೪ಡ್ ಮುಷ್ಕರ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ]] ರುಸ್ಸೊ-ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಡೆರ್ಜ್ಪ್ರೊಮ್ ಗ್ 28 ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ 2024 ಗ್ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಮಾರ್ಗದರ್ಶಿ ಬಾಂಬ್ ಗುಂಡು ಹಾರಿಸಯೆರ್, ಉಂದು FAB-500 ಮಾದರಿ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ನಂಬುನವು, <ref name="bomb2" /> ಮಸ್ತ್ ಹಾನಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಜನ ಗಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-10-28|title=Навіть Гітлер не зруйнував: у Харкові "приліт" по будівлі Держпрому (фото, відео)|url=https://tsn.ua/ukrayina/u-harkovi-prilit-po-budivli-derzhpromu-socmerezhi-foto-2689140.html|accessdate=2024-10-28|website=ТСН.ua|language=uk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/oct/29/ukraine-war-briefing-bomb-derzhprom-historic-landmark-kharkiv|title=Ukraine war briefing: Bomb shatters historic landmark in Kharkiv|last=Murray|first=Warren|date=2024-10-29|work=The Guardian|access-date=2024-10-29|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}</ref> <ref name="bomb" /> ಫಲಿತಾಂಶವಾದ್, ಖಾರ್ಕಿವ್ ನ ಮೇಯರ್ ಇಹೋರ್ ತೆರೆಖೊವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋದ ಬ್ಯೂರೋ ಫ್ರೀಡಂ ಸ್ಕ್ವೇರ್ ಎನ್ಸೆಂಬಲ್ ನ್ (ಡೆರ್ಜ್ಪ್ರೊಮ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್) ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿಗ್ ನಾಮನಿರ್ದೇಶನ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ವೇಗವರ್ಧಿತ ಕಾರ್ಯವಿಧಾನೊನು ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Koloniei|first=Dmytro|date=4 November 2024|title=|trans_title=UNESCO will help restore the building of Derzhprom in Kharkiv|url=https://infocity.kharkiv.ua/obshchestvo/iunesko-dopomozhe-vidnovyty-budivliu-derzhpromu-u-kharkovi/|accessdate=6 November 2024|website=Infocity}}</ref> == ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ == ಡೆರ್ಜ್ಪ್ರೊಮ್ ಪಂಡ ಖಾರ್ಕಿವ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಕೈಗಾರಿಕಾ, ಆಧುನಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ನಗರೊದ ಸಂಕೇತ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Госпром – символ Харькова и символ стиля|url=https://galinaaksyenova.livejournal.com/10275.html|accessdate=19 April 2021|website=galinaaksyenova.livejournal.com}}</ref> ಡೆರ್ಜ್ಪ್ರೊಮ್ ನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ರಚನಾತ್ಮಕತೆಗ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟಿನವು, ಅಯಿತ ರೂಪೊಲು ಕೈಗಾರಿಕಾ ಆದುಂಡು. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Госпром – символ Харькова. Есть ли у него будущее|url=https://vecherniy.kharkov.ua/news/26020/|accessdate=19 April 2021|website=vecherniy.kharkov.ua|archivedate=17 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417063804/https://vecherniy.kharkov.ua/news/26020/|url-status=dead}}</ref> ಈ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಗ್ ಎಚ್ಚಿನ ಸೌಂದರ್ಯೊದ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾರ್ಯಕಾರಿತ್ವ ಉಂಡು; ಅಯಿತ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು ''"ಸಂವಹನ ಲೀಪ್"'' ಗ್ ಹೋಲಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ೧೯೨೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಇಂಚಿನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಯುರೋಪ್ ಡ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ಅತ್ತ್ ಜಗತ್ತ್ ದ ಮುಟ್ಟಲಾ ಒಂಜಿ ನವೀನತೆ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಕ್ರಿಯಾತ್ಮಕತೆ ಈ ಕೆಳಕಂಡ ಕಾರ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು: * ಯುಟಿಲಿಟೇರಿಯನ್ – ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಕೈಗಾರಿಕಾ ನಿರ್ವಹಣೆದ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆಲೆಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಜಾಗೆ. * ಸೈದ್ಧಾಂತಿಕ – ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಗತಿಪರ ವಿದ್ಯಮಾನೊದ ರೂಪೊಡು ಕೈಗಾರಿಕೀಕರಣದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆನ್ ಬಹಿರಂಗ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು. * ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ – ಪೊಸ ಖಾರ್ಕಿವ್ ನ ಒಂಜಿ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಕೇಂದ್ರ, ಸರ್ಕಾರದ ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕವಾದ್ ಮಹತ್ವದ ವಸ್ತು, ರಜೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರದರ್ಶನೊಲೆನಂಚಿನ ಸಾಮೂಹಿಕ ಘಟನೆಲೆನ ಜಾಗೆ. * ಸಾಂಕೇತಿಕ – ''"ಸಂಘಟಿತ ಲೋಕ"'', ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಯುಗೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೈಗಾರಿಕೀಕರಣೊದ ಸಂಕೇತ. * ಸಂಯೋಜನಾತ್ಮಕ – ನಗರದ ಜಾಗತೀಯ ರಚನೆಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಬಲ್ಯ; ಚೌಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊದ ಜಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಸಂಪರ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು; ಚೌಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರೊದ ಗಡಿ ಗುರುತು (ಚೌಕದ ಮಟ್ಟೊಡು). * ಸಿಮ್ಯಾಟಿಕ್ – ಆರ್ಕಿಟೈಪಲ್ ಯೋಜನೆಲೆಗ್ ಕಾರಣವಾಪುನ ಲ್ಯಾಕೋನಿಕ್ ರೂಪೊಲು; ಭೂದೃಶ್ಯದ ಸಂಕೇತೊಡು ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆ. == ಅಂಚನೆ ತೂಲೆ == * ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಚೌಕ (ಖಾರ್ಕಿವ್) == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಲಿಂಕ್ ಲು == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230412032517/http://www.artandarchitecture.org.uk/search/results.html?object_id=%2265e45e1597e2c1c05ddbae896ddd921ec67b0875%22&display=Palace+of+Industry ರಾಬರ್ಟ್ ಬೈರನ್ ನ ೧೯೩೦ ದಶಕದ ಫೋಟೋಗ್ರಾಫ್ ಲು] * [http://www.kharkov.ua/culture/2b.html ಕಟ್ಟಡದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಲೇಖನ] (in Russian) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080204034754/http://news.webshots.com/photo/2255496620089413999ycXTEE ಯುದ್ಧದ ಸಮಯೊಡು ನೋಟ] * [http://englishrussia.com/?p=2952 ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಲುಫ್ಟ್ವಾಫೆ ಪೈಲಟ್ ಲೆನ ಫೋಟೋಲು, ಕೆಲವು ಡೆರ್ಜ್ಪ್ರೊಮ್ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲು] * [https://www.panoramio.com/photo/2534222 ಡೆರ್ಜ್ಪ್ರೊಮ್ ಕಟ್ಟಡದ ಫೋಟೋ] * [https://www.cca.qc.ca/en/search?query=Gosprom&filters=%7B%22forms_collection_library_bookstore%22%3A%5B%22photographs%22%5D%7D ಡೆರ್ಜ್ಪ್ರೊಮ್/ಗೊಸ್ಪ್ರೊಮ್ ಕಟ್ಟಡ, ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಡೆಡೊಯಾರ್ಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕೊರ್ಮೆನ ಫೋಟೋಗ್ರಾಫ್ ಲು], ಕೆನಡಿಯನ್ ಸೆಂಟರ್ ಫಾರ್ ಆರ್ಕಿಟೆಕ್ಚರ್ ( [https://www.cca.qc.ca/en/search?query=Gosprom&img_filter=1 ಡಿಜಿಟಲೈಸ್ಡ್ ಐಟಂಲು] ) [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಂದಿನ ಅನುವಾದೊಲು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಪುಟೊಕುಲು]] b5xp101hft93qkaoooty2jphmn52brs 2 28125 366612 366557 2026-08-23T12:07:58Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366612 wikitext text/x-wiki ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದ ಕಾಪುದಾರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ ಕುಡ್ಲ್ ವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ನ್ಯಾಯವಾದಿಯಾದ್, ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬರವುಗಾರೆರಾದ್ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. ವಕೀಲ ಬೇಲೆದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಡ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಪದ್ಯ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ನಾಟಕ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ ಇಂಚ ಚಿರ ಪರಿಚಿತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bharat |first1=E. T. V. |title=ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನಕ್ಕಿಳಿದ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಗೀತ ರಚನೆಕಾರ: 'ವಾದಿರಾಜ ವಾಲಗ ಮಂಡಳಿ'ಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಕಲಾವಿದರು |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/kn/entertainment/kantara-lyricist-turns-to-film-direction-kantara-artists-in-vadiraja-valaga-mandali-karnataka-news-kas25112501448 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=kn |date=25 November 2025}}</ref> ಕನ್ನಡ ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮೊಲೆಗ್ ಪದ್ಯೊ ಬರೆಪುನ ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು ಬರೆಯಿನ [[ಕಾಂತಾರ (ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಿನಿಮಾ)|ಕಾಂತಾರ-1]] '''ವರಾಹ ರೂಪಂ''', '''ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲಾ ಶಿವನೇ ಭಕ್ತಿ ದಾರಿಯು''' ಸಿನಿಮೊದ ಪದ್ಯೊಗು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == <references /> od8c6hsegqhdvef6v137m9yewt4zpr7 366615 366612 2026-08-23T12:35:43Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366615 wikitext text/x-wiki ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು [[ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ|ಉಡುಪಿ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದ ಕಾಪುದಾರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಕುಡ್ಲ]]ಡ್ ವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ನ್ಯಾಯವಾದಿಯಾದ್, ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬರವುಗಾರೆರಾದ್ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. ವಕೀಲ ಬೇಲೆದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಡ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಪದ್ಯ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ನಾಟಕ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ ಇಂಚ ಚಿರ ಪರಿಚಿತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bharat |first1=E. T. V. |title=ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನಕ್ಕಿಳಿದ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಗೀತ ರಚನೆಕಾರ: 'ವಾದಿರಾಜ ವಾಲಗ ಮಂಡಳಿ'ಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಕಲಾವಿದರು |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/kn/entertainment/kantara-lyricist-turns-to-film-direction-kantara-artists-in-vadiraja-valaga-mandali-karnataka-news-kas25112501448 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=kn |date=25 November 2025}}</ref> ಕನ್ನಡ [[ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮಾ|ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮೊ]]ಲೆಗ್ ಪದ್ಯೊ ಬರೆಪುನ ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು ಬರೆಯಿನ [[ಕಾಂತಾರ (ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಿನಿಮಾ)|ಕಾಂತಾರ-1]] '''ವರಾಹ ರೂಪಂ'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Varaha Roopam Daiva Va Rishtam (Full Song & Lyrics) - Kantara - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/varaha-roopam-daiva-va-rishtam/PlsxaRdxT3E |date=12 October 2022}}</ref>,<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001531/2023/1/?ref_=nmawd_1</ref> '''ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲಾ ಶಿವನೇ ಭಕ್ತಿ ದಾರಿಯು''' ಸಿನಿಮೊದ ಪದ್ಯೊಗು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == <references /> ftr6yujse65rwycdo2ipgs9r0cpmsz1 366616 366615 2026-08-23T12:42:16Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366616 wikitext text/x-wiki ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು [[ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ|ಉಡುಪಿ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದ ಕಾಪುದಾರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಕುಡ್ಲ]]ಡ್ ವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ನ್ಯಾಯವಾದಿಯಾದ್, ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬರವುಗಾರೆರಾದ್ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. ವಕೀಲ ಬೇಲೆದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಡ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಪದ್ಯ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ನಾಟಕ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ ಇಂಚ ಚಿರ ಪರಿಚಿತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bharat |first1=E. T. V. |title=ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನಕ್ಕಿಳಿದ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಗೀತ ರಚನೆಕಾರ: 'ವಾದಿರಾಜ ವಾಲಗ ಮಂಡಳಿ'ಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಕಲಾವಿದರು |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/kn/entertainment/kantara-lyricist-turns-to-film-direction-kantara-artists-in-vadiraja-valaga-mandali-karnataka-news-kas25112501448 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=kn |date=25 November 2025}}</ref> ಕನ್ನಡ [[ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮಾ|ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮೊ]]ಲೆಗ್ ಪದ್ಯೊ ಬರೆಪುನ ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು ಬರೆಯಿನ [[ಕಾಂತಾರ (ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಿನಿಮಾ)|ಕಾಂತಾರ-1]] '''ವರಾಹ ರೂಪಂ'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Varaha Roopam Daiva Va Rishtam (Full Song & Lyrics) - Kantara - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/varaha-roopam-daiva-va-rishtam/PlsxaRdxT3E |date=12 October 2022}}</ref>,<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001531/2023/1/?ref_=nmawd_1</ref> '''ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲಾ ಶಿವನೇ ಭಕ್ತಿ ದಾರಿಯು''' ಸಿನಿಮೊದ ಪದ್ಯೊಗು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. == ಪುಟ್ಟು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿದ್ಯಾಬ್ಯಾಸೊ == ಕಾಪುದ ಪೊಲಿಪು ಸರಕಾರಿ ಶಾಲೆಡ್ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣೊ ಆರಂಬೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಕೆನರಾ ಹೈಸ್ಕೂಲ್ಡ್ ಪ್ರೌಢಶಾಲೆ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಗೋಕರ್ಣನಾಥೇಶ್ವರ ಪಿಯು ಕಾಲೇಜ್‌ಡ್‌ ಪಿಯುಸಿ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕೆನರಾ ಪದವಿ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಬಿ.ಕಾಂ. ಸ್ನಾತಕ ಪದವಿ. ಎಸ್.ಡಿ.ಎಮ್. ಲಾ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಎಲ್.ಎಲ್.ಬಿ. ಪದವಿ. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == <references /> b698jn45mba3870oocozptm6gv88s5h 366617 366616 2026-08-23T12:47:42Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366617 wikitext text/x-wiki ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು [[ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ|ಉಡುಪಿ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದ ಕಾಪುದಾರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಕುಡ್ಲ]]ಡ್ ವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ನ್ಯಾಯವಾದಿಯಾದ್, ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬರವುಗಾರೆರಾದ್ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. ವಕೀಲ ಬೇಲೆದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಡ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಪದ್ಯ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ನಾಟಕ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ ಇಂಚ ಚಿರ ಪರಿಚಿತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bharat |first1=E. T. V. |title=ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನಕ್ಕಿಳಿದ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಗೀತ ರಚನೆಕಾರ: 'ವಾದಿರಾಜ ವಾಲಗ ಮಂಡಳಿ'ಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಕಲಾವಿದರು |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/kn/entertainment/kantara-lyricist-turns-to-film-direction-kantara-artists-in-vadiraja-valaga-mandali-karnataka-news-kas25112501448 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=kn |date=25 November 2025}}</ref> ಕನ್ನಡ [[ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮಾ|ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮೊ]]ಲೆಗ್ ಪದ್ಯೊ ಬರೆಪುನ ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು ಬರೆಯಿನ [[ಕಾಂತಾರ (ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಿನಿಮಾ)|ಕಾಂತಾರ-1]] '''ವರಾಹ ರೂಪಂ'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Varaha Roopam Daiva Va Rishtam (Full Song & Lyrics) - Kantara - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/varaha-roopam-daiva-va-rishtam/PlsxaRdxT3E |date=12 October 2022}}</ref>,<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001531/2023/1/?ref_=nmawd_1</ref> '''ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲಾ ಶಿವನೇ ಭಕ್ತಿ ದಾರಿಯು''' ಸಿನಿಮೊದ ಪದ್ಯೊಗು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. == ಪುಟ್ಟು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿದ್ಯಾಬ್ಯಾಸೊ == ಕಾಪುದ ಪೊಲಿಪು ಸರಕಾರಿ ಶಾಲೆಡ್ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣೊ ಆರಂಬೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಕೆನರಾ ಹೈಸ್ಕೂಲ್ಡ್ ಪ್ರೌಢಶಾಲೆ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಗೋಕರ್ಣನಾಥೇಶ್ವರ ಪಿಯು ಕಾಲೇಜ್‌ಡ್‌ ಪಿಯುಸಿ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕೆನರಾ ಪದವಿ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಬಿ.ಕಾಂ. ಸ್ನಾತಕ ಪದವಿ. ಎಸ್.ಡಿ.ಎಮ್. ಲಾ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಎಲ್.ಎಲ್.ಬಿ. ಪದವಿ. == ಬರೆಯಿನ ಬೂಕುಲು == === ನಾಟಕೊಲು === # ಪರಶುರಾಮ - ಪೌರಾಣಿಕ ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆದ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟೊ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಛತ್ರಪತಿ ಶಿವಾಜಿ - ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕತಾವಸ್ತುದ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಏಕಾದಶಾನನ - ರಂಗಾಸಕ್ತೆರ ಮೆಚ್ಚಿಗೆ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಬರ್ಬರೀಕ - ಮಹಾಭಾರತ ಪಾತ್ರೊದ ಸುಳಿವುಡು ರಚನೆ ಆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ವೈದ್ಯೋ ನಾರಾಯಣೋ ಹರೀ - ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿಡಂಬನಾತ್ಮಕ ರಂಗಕೃತಿ. # ಚಾರು ವಸಂತ - ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ದ ಕತಾನಕೊನು ದೇಸಿ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಕೃತಿ (2003). # ಮರ-ಗಿಡ-ಬಳ್ಳಿ - ಕನ್ನಡೊದ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹೊ ನಾಟಕ ಪುಸ್ತಕೊ. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == <references /> b8rolt7e83mohtskenkx4ck9s1ep7rj 366618 366617 2026-08-23T12:48:26Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366618 wikitext text/x-wiki ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು [[ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ|ಉಡುಪಿ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದ ಕಾಪುದಾರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಕುಡ್ಲ]]ಡ್ ವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ನ್ಯಾಯವಾದಿಯಾದ್, ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬರವುಗಾರೆರಾದ್ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. ವಕೀಲ ಬೇಲೆದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಡ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಪದ್ಯ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ನಾಟಕ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ ಇಂಚ ಚಿರ ಪರಿಚಿತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bharat |first1=E. T. V. |title=ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನಕ್ಕಿಳಿದ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಗೀತ ರಚನೆಕಾರ: 'ವಾದಿರಾಜ ವಾಲಗ ಮಂಡಳಿ'ಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಕಲಾವಿದರು |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/kn/entertainment/kantara-lyricist-turns-to-film-direction-kantara-artists-in-vadiraja-valaga-mandali-karnataka-news-kas25112501448 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=kn |date=25 November 2025}}</ref> ಕನ್ನಡ [[ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮಾ|ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮೊ]]ಲೆಗ್ ಪದ್ಯೊ ಬರೆಪುನ ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು ಬರೆಯಿನ [[ಕಾಂತಾರ (ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಿನಿಮಾ)|ಕಾಂತಾರ-1]] '''ವರಾಹ ರೂಪಂ'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Varaha Roopam Daiva Va Rishtam (Full Song & Lyrics) - Kantara - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/varaha-roopam-daiva-va-rishtam/PlsxaRdxT3E |date=12 October 2022}}</ref>,<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001531/2023/1/?ref_=nmawd_1</ref> '''ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲಾ ಶಿವನೇ ಭಕ್ತಿ ದಾರಿಯು''' ಸಿನಿಮೊದ ಪದ್ಯೊಗು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. == ಪುಟ್ಟು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿದ್ಯಾಬ್ಯಾಸೊ == ಕಾಪುದ ಪೊಲಿಪು ಸರಕಾರಿ ಶಾಲೆಡ್ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣೊ ಆರಂಬೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಕೆನರಾ ಹೈಸ್ಕೂಲ್ಡ್ ಪ್ರೌಢಶಾಲೆ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಗೋಕರ್ಣನಾಥೇಶ್ವರ ಪಿಯು ಕಾಲೇಜ್‌ಡ್‌ ಪಿಯುಸಿ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕೆನರಾ ಪದವಿ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಬಿ.ಕಾಂ. ಸ್ನಾತಕ ಪದವಿ. ಎಸ್.ಡಿ.ಎಮ್. ಲಾ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಎಲ್.ಎಲ್.ಬಿ. ಪದವಿ. == ಬರೆಯಿನ ಬೂಕುಲು == === ನಾಟಕೊಲು === # ಪರಶುರಾಮ - ಪೌರಾಣಿಕ ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆದ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟೊ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಛತ್ರಪತಿ ಶಿವಾಜಿ - ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕತಾವಸ್ತುದ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಏಕಾದಶಾನನ - ರಂಗಾಸಕ್ತೆರ ಮೆಚ್ಚಿಗೆ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಬರ್ಬರೀಕ - ಮಹಾಭಾರತ ಪಾತ್ರೊದ ಸುಳಿವುಡು ರಚನೆ ಆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ವೈದ್ಯೋ ನಾರಾಯಣೋ ಹರೀ - ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿಡಂಬನಾತ್ಮಕ ರಂಗಕೃತಿ. # ಚಾರು ವಸಂತ - ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ದ ಕತಾನಕೊನು ದೇಸಿ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಕೃತಿ (2003). # ಮರ-ಗಿಡ-ಬಳ್ಳಿ - ಕನ್ನಡೊದ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹೊ ನಾಟಕ ಪುಸ್ತಕೊ. == ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿಲು == == ಪಿದಯಿದ ಕೊಂಡಿ == == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == <references /> qrz3uzwfne2cz8noxeinqv0liyh3251 366619 366618 2026-08-23T12:49:52Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366619 wikitext text/x-wiki ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು [[ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ|ಉಡುಪಿ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದ ಕಾಪುದಾರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಕುಡ್ಲ]]ಡ್ ವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ನ್ಯಾಯವಾದಿಯಾದ್, ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬರವುಗಾರೆರಾದ್ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. ವಕೀಲ ಬೇಲೆದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಡ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಪದ್ಯ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ನಾಟಕ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ ಇಂಚ ಚಿರ ಪರಿಚಿತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bharat |first1=E. T. V. |title=ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನಕ್ಕಿಳಿದ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಗೀತ ರಚನೆಕಾರ: 'ವಾದಿರಾಜ ವಾಲಗ ಮಂಡಳಿ'ಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಕಲಾವಿದರು |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/kn/entertainment/kantara-lyricist-turns-to-film-direction-kantara-artists-in-vadiraja-valaga-mandali-karnataka-news-kas25112501448 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=kn |date=25 November 2025}}</ref> ಕನ್ನಡ [[ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮಾ|ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮೊ]]ಲೆಗ್ ಪದ್ಯೊ ಬರೆಪುನ ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು ಬರೆಯಿನ [[ಕಾಂತಾರ (ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಿನಿಮಾ)|ಕಾಂತಾರ-1]] '''ವರಾಹ ರೂಪಂ'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Varaha Roopam Daiva Va Rishtam (Full Song & Lyrics) - Kantara - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/varaha-roopam-daiva-va-rishtam/PlsxaRdxT3E |date=12 October 2022}}</ref>,<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001531/2023/1/?ref_=nmawd_1</ref> '''ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲಾ ಶಿವನೇ ಭಕ್ತಿ ದಾರಿಯು''' ಸಿನಿಮೊದ ಪದ್ಯೊಗು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. == ಪುಟ್ಟು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿದ್ಯಾಬ್ಯಾಸೊ == ಕಾಪುದ ಪೊಲಿಪು ಸರಕಾರಿ ಶಾಲೆಡ್ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣೊ ಆರಂಬೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಕೆನರಾ ಹೈಸ್ಕೂಲ್ಡ್ ಪ್ರೌಢಶಾಲೆ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಗೋಕರ್ಣನಾಥೇಶ್ವರ ಪಿಯು ಕಾಲೇಜ್‌ಡ್‌ ಪಿಯುಸಿ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕೆನರಾ ಪದವಿ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಬಿ.ಕಾಂ. ಸ್ನಾತಕ ಪದವಿ. ಎಸ್.ಡಿ.ಎಮ್. ಲಾ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಎಲ್.ಎಲ್.ಬಿ. ಪದವಿ. == ಬರೆಯಿನ ಬೂಕುಲು == === ನಾಟಕೊಲು === # ಪರಶುರಾಮ - ಪೌರಾಣಿಕ ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆದ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟೊ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಛತ್ರಪತಿ ಶಿವಾಜಿ - ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕತಾವಸ್ತುದ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಏಕಾದಶಾನನ - ರಂಗಾಸಕ್ತೆರ ಮೆಚ್ಚಿಗೆ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಬರ್ಬರೀಕ - ಮಹಾಭಾರತ ಪಾತ್ರೊದ ಸುಳಿವುಡು ರಚನೆ ಆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ವೈದ್ಯೋ ನಾರಾಯಣೋ ಹರೀ - ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿಡಂಬನಾತ್ಮಕ ರಂಗಕೃತಿ. # ಚಾರು ವಸಂತ - ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ದ ಕತಾನಕೊನು ದೇಸಿ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಕೃತಿ (2003). # ಮರ-ಗಿಡ-ಬಳ್ಳಿ - ಕನ್ನಡೊದ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹೊ ನಾಟಕ ಪುಸ್ತಕೊ. == ಸಾದನೆಲು == === ನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ನಾಟಕೊಲು === === ನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಸಿನೆಮೊಲು === === ಸಿನೆಮೊಗು ಬರೆಯಿನ ಪದ್ಯೊಲು === == ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿಲು == == ಪಿದಯಿದ ಕೊಂಡಿ == == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == <references /> dzqwvnia3btncvczhwdcds4rspzmh3n 366620 366619 2026-08-23T12:53:13Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366620 wikitext text/x-wiki ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು [[ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ|ಉಡುಪಿ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದ ಕಾಪುದಾರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಕುಡ್ಲ]]ಡ್ ವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ನ್ಯಾಯವಾದಿಯಾದ್, ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬರವುಗಾರೆರಾದ್ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. ವಕೀಲ ಬೇಲೆದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಡ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಪದ್ಯ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ನಾಟಕ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ ಇಂಚ ಚಿರ ಪರಿಚಿತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bharat |first1=E. T. V. |title=ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನಕ್ಕಿಳಿದ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಗೀತ ರಚನೆಕಾರ: 'ವಾದಿರಾಜ ವಾಲಗ ಮಂಡಳಿ'ಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಕಲಾವಿದರು |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/kn/entertainment/kantara-lyricist-turns-to-film-direction-kantara-artists-in-vadiraja-valaga-mandali-karnataka-news-kas25112501448 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=kn |date=25 November 2025}}</ref> ಕನ್ನಡ [[ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮಾ|ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮೊ]]ಲೆಗ್ ಪದ್ಯೊ ಬರೆಪುನ ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು ಬರೆಯಿನ [[ಕಾಂತಾರ (ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಿನಿಮಾ)|ಕಾಂತಾರ-1]] '''ವರಾಹ ರೂಪಂ'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Varaha Roopam Daiva Va Rishtam (Full Song & Lyrics) - Kantara - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/varaha-roopam-daiva-va-rishtam/PlsxaRdxT3E |date=12 October 2022}}</ref>,<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001531/2023/1/?ref_=nmawd_1</ref> '''ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲಾ ಶಿವನೇ ಭಕ್ತಿ ದಾರಿಯು''' ಸಿನಿಮೊದ ಪದ್ಯೊಗು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. == ಪುಟ್ಟು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿದ್ಯಾಬ್ಯಾಸೊ == ಕಾಪುದ ಪೊಲಿಪು ಸರಕಾರಿ ಶಾಲೆಡ್ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣೊ ಆರಂಬೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಕೆನರಾ ಹೈಸ್ಕೂಲ್ಡ್ ಪ್ರೌಢಶಾಲೆ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಗೋಕರ್ಣನಾಥೇಶ್ವರ ಪಿಯು ಕಾಲೇಜ್‌ಡ್‌ ಪಿಯುಸಿ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕೆನರಾ ಪದವಿ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಬಿ.ಕಾಂ. ಸ್ನಾತಕ ಪದವಿ. ಎಸ್.ಡಿ.ಎಮ್. ಲಾ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಎಲ್.ಎಲ್.ಬಿ. ಪದವಿ. == ಬರೆಯಿನ ಬೂಕುಲು == === ನಾಟಕೊಲು === # ಪರಶುರಾಮ - ಪೌರಾಣಿಕ ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆದ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟೊ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಛತ್ರಪತಿ ಶಿವಾಜಿ - ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕತಾವಸ್ತುದ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಏಕಾದಶಾನನ - ರಂಗಾಸಕ್ತೆರ ಮೆಚ್ಚಿಗೆ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಬರ್ಬರೀಕ - ಮಹಾಭಾರತ ಪಾತ್ರೊದ ಸುಳಿವುಡು ರಚನೆ ಆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ವೈದ್ಯೋ ನಾರಾಯಣೋ ಹರೀ - ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿಡಂಬನಾತ್ಮಕ ರಂಗಕೃತಿ. # ಚಾರು ವಸಂತ - ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ದ ಕತಾನಕೊನು ದೇಸಿ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಕೃತಿ (2003). # ಮರ-ಗಿಡ-ಬಳ್ಳಿ - ಕನ್ನಡೊದ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹೊ ನಾಟಕ ಪುಸ್ತಕೊ. == ಸಾದನೆಲು == === ನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ನಾಟಕೊಲು === === ನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಸಿನೆಮೊಲು === === ಸಿನೆಮೊಗು ಬರೆಯಿನ ಪದ್ಯೊಲು === == ಸಂಗಟನೆಲು == === ರಂಗಸಂಗಾತಿ === === ಪುಸ್ತಕಪ್ರೇಮಿ ದಿನ === == ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿಲು == # ಸಿಜಿಕೆ ರಂಗ ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರೊ <ref>{{cite web |title=ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರುಗೆ ಸಿಜಿಕೆ ರಂಗ ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ: ಜೂ.27ರಂದು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಪ್ರದಾನ |url=https://www.varthabharati.in/udupi/-27--2016152 |website=www.varthabharati.in |language=kn |date=26 June 2024}}</ref> == ಪಿದಯಿದ ಕೊಂಡಿ == == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == <references /> dmpg7yfbhwwz6bpe7tdv5mmi5ki7fb9 366622 366620 2026-08-23T13:02:09Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 /* ಪುಸ್ತಕಪ್ರೇಮಿ ದಿನ */ 366622 wikitext text/x-wiki ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು [[ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ|ಉಡುಪಿ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದ ಕಾಪುದಾರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಕುಡ್ಲ]]ಡ್ ವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ನ್ಯಾಯವಾದಿಯಾದ್, ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬರವುಗಾರೆರಾದ್ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. ವಕೀಲ ಬೇಲೆದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಡ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಪದ್ಯ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ನಾಟಕ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ ಇಂಚ ಚಿರ ಪರಿಚಿತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bharat |first1=E. T. V. |title=ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನಕ್ಕಿಳಿದ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಗೀತ ರಚನೆಕಾರ: 'ವಾದಿರಾಜ ವಾಲಗ ಮಂಡಳಿ'ಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಕಲಾವಿದರು |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/kn/entertainment/kantara-lyricist-turns-to-film-direction-kantara-artists-in-vadiraja-valaga-mandali-karnataka-news-kas25112501448 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=kn |date=25 November 2025}}</ref> ಕನ್ನಡ [[ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮಾ|ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮೊ]]ಲೆಗ್ ಪದ್ಯೊ ಬರೆಪುನ ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು ಬರೆಯಿನ [[ಕಾಂತಾರ (ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಿನಿಮಾ)|ಕಾಂತಾರ-1]] '''ವರಾಹ ರೂಪಂ'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Varaha Roopam Daiva Va Rishtam (Full Song & Lyrics) - Kantara - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/varaha-roopam-daiva-va-rishtam/PlsxaRdxT3E |date=12 October 2022}}</ref>,<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001531/2023/1/?ref_=nmawd_1</ref> '''ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲಾ ಶಿವನೇ ಭಕ್ತಿ ದಾರಿಯು''' ಸಿನಿಮೊದ ಪದ್ಯೊಗು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. == ಪುಟ್ಟು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿದ್ಯಾಬ್ಯಾಸೊ == ಕಾಪುದ ಪೊಲಿಪು ಸರಕಾರಿ ಶಾಲೆಡ್ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣೊ ಆರಂಬೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಕೆನರಾ ಹೈಸ್ಕೂಲ್ಡ್ ಪ್ರೌಢಶಾಲೆ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಗೋಕರ್ಣನಾಥೇಶ್ವರ ಪಿಯು ಕಾಲೇಜ್‌ಡ್‌ ಪಿಯುಸಿ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕೆನರಾ ಪದವಿ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಬಿ.ಕಾಂ. ಸ್ನಾತಕ ಪದವಿ. ಎಸ್.ಡಿ.ಎಮ್. ಲಾ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಎಲ್.ಎಲ್.ಬಿ. ಪದವಿ. == ಬರೆಯಿನ ಬೂಕುಲು == === ನಾಟಕೊಲು === # ಪರಶುರಾಮ - ಪೌರಾಣಿಕ ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆದ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟೊ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಛತ್ರಪತಿ ಶಿವಾಜಿ - ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕತಾವಸ್ತುದ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಏಕಾದಶಾನನ - ರಂಗಾಸಕ್ತೆರ ಮೆಚ್ಚಿಗೆ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಬರ್ಬರೀಕ - ಮಹಾಭಾರತ ಪಾತ್ರೊದ ಸುಳಿವುಡು ರಚನೆ ಆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ವೈದ್ಯೋ ನಾರಾಯಣೋ ಹರೀ - ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿಡಂಬನಾತ್ಮಕ ರಂಗಕೃತಿ. # ಚಾರು ವಸಂತ - ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ದ ಕತಾನಕೊನು ದೇಸಿ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಕೃತಿ (2003). # ಮರ-ಗಿಡ-ಬಳ್ಳಿ - ಕನ್ನಡೊದ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹೊ ನಾಟಕ ಪುಸ್ತಕೊ. == ಸಾದನೆಲು == === ನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ನಾಟಕೊಲು === === ನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಸಿನೆಮೊಲು === === ಸಿನೆಮೊಗು ಬರೆಯಿನ ಪದ್ಯೊಲು === == ಸಂಗಟನೆಲು == === ರಂಗಸಂಗಾತಿ === === ಪುಸ್ತಕಪ್ರೇಮಿ ದಿನ === ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ 14ನೆ ತಾರೀಕ್‌ದಾನಿ ವ್ಯಾಲೆಂಟೈನ್ಸ್ ಡೇ ದಿನೊನು ಕುಡ್ಲಡ್ ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಪ್ರೇಮಿಗಳ ದಿನೊಂದು ಆಚರಿಸವುನ ಪೊಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆನ್ ಸುರುಮಲ್ತ್‌ನಾರ್ ಶಶಿರಾಜ್‌ ಕಾವೂರು.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://kannada.news18.com/news/state/mangalore-mangaluru-ranga-sangathi-celebrate-book-lovers-day-on-february-14-irk-1563493.html}}</ref> '''ರಂಗ ಸಂಗಾತಿ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪ್ರತಿಷ್ಠಾನ'''ದ ವತಿಡ್ದ್ ಈ ಲೇಸ್ ಆಯೋಜನೆ ಆಪುಂಡು. ಇಂದೆತ ಉದ್ದೇಸೊ * ಯುವ ಬರಹಗಾರೆರೆಗ್ ಸರಿಯಾಯಿನ ವೇದಿಕೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹ ಕೊರ್ಪುನೆ. * ಯುವ ಸಾಹಿತಿಲೆನ ಪೊಸ ಬೂಕುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಸಕಾಯೊ ಆಪುನೆ. * ಓದುಗೆರ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಲೇಕಕೆರೆ ನಡುಟು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಕ ಸಂವಾದೊಲೆನ್ ಉಂಡು ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ. == ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿಲು == # ಸಿಜಿಕೆ ರಂಗ ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರೊ <ref>{{cite web |title=ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರುಗೆ ಸಿಜಿಕೆ ರಂಗ ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ: ಜೂ.27ರಂದು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಪ್ರದಾನ |url=https://www.varthabharati.in/udupi/-27--2016152 |website=www.varthabharati.in |language=kn |date=26 June 2024}}</ref> == ಪಿದಯಿದ ಕೊಂಡಿ == == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == <references /> 9qjon4aoeteijg11f20cux8c0yvdd4z 366623 366622 2026-08-23T13:02:51Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 /* ಪುಸ್ತಕಪ್ರೇಮಿ ದಿನ */ 366623 wikitext text/x-wiki ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು [[ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ|ಉಡುಪಿ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದ ಕಾಪುದಾರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಕುಡ್ಲ]]ಡ್ ವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ನ್ಯಾಯವಾದಿಯಾದ್, ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬರವುಗಾರೆರಾದ್ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. ವಕೀಲ ಬೇಲೆದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಡ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಪದ್ಯ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ನಾಟಕ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ ಇಂಚ ಚಿರ ಪರಿಚಿತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bharat |first1=E. T. V. |title=ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನಕ್ಕಿಳಿದ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಗೀತ ರಚನೆಕಾರ: 'ವಾದಿರಾಜ ವಾಲಗ ಮಂಡಳಿ'ಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಕಲಾವಿದರು |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/kn/entertainment/kantara-lyricist-turns-to-film-direction-kantara-artists-in-vadiraja-valaga-mandali-karnataka-news-kas25112501448 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=kn |date=25 November 2025}}</ref> ಕನ್ನಡ [[ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮಾ|ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮೊ]]ಲೆಗ್ ಪದ್ಯೊ ಬರೆಪುನ ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು ಬರೆಯಿನ [[ಕಾಂತಾರ (ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಿನಿಮಾ)|ಕಾಂತಾರ-1]] '''ವರಾಹ ರೂಪಂ'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Varaha Roopam Daiva Va Rishtam (Full Song & Lyrics) - Kantara - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/varaha-roopam-daiva-va-rishtam/PlsxaRdxT3E |date=12 October 2022}}</ref>,<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001531/2023/1/?ref_=nmawd_1</ref> '''ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲಾ ಶಿವನೇ ಭಕ್ತಿ ದಾರಿಯು''' ಸಿನಿಮೊದ ಪದ್ಯೊಗು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. == ಪುಟ್ಟು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿದ್ಯಾಬ್ಯಾಸೊ == ಕಾಪುದ ಪೊಲಿಪು ಸರಕಾರಿ ಶಾಲೆಡ್ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣೊ ಆರಂಬೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಕೆನರಾ ಹೈಸ್ಕೂಲ್ಡ್ ಪ್ರೌಢಶಾಲೆ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಗೋಕರ್ಣನಾಥೇಶ್ವರ ಪಿಯು ಕಾಲೇಜ್‌ಡ್‌ ಪಿಯುಸಿ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕೆನರಾ ಪದವಿ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಬಿ.ಕಾಂ. ಸ್ನಾತಕ ಪದವಿ. ಎಸ್.ಡಿ.ಎಮ್. ಲಾ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಎಲ್.ಎಲ್.ಬಿ. ಪದವಿ. == ಬರೆಯಿನ ಬೂಕುಲು == === ನಾಟಕೊಲು === # ಪರಶುರಾಮ - ಪೌರಾಣಿಕ ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆದ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟೊ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಛತ್ರಪತಿ ಶಿವಾಜಿ - ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕತಾವಸ್ತುದ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಏಕಾದಶಾನನ - ರಂಗಾಸಕ್ತೆರ ಮೆಚ್ಚಿಗೆ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಬರ್ಬರೀಕ - ಮಹಾಭಾರತ ಪಾತ್ರೊದ ಸುಳಿವುಡು ರಚನೆ ಆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ವೈದ್ಯೋ ನಾರಾಯಣೋ ಹರೀ - ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿಡಂಬನಾತ್ಮಕ ರಂಗಕೃತಿ. # ಚಾರು ವಸಂತ - ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ದ ಕತಾನಕೊನು ದೇಸಿ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಕೃತಿ (2003). # ಮರ-ಗಿಡ-ಬಳ್ಳಿ - ಕನ್ನಡೊದ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹೊ ನಾಟಕ ಪುಸ್ತಕೊ. == ಸಾದನೆಲು == === ನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ನಾಟಕೊಲು === === ನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಸಿನೆಮೊಲು === === ಸಿನೆಮೊಗು ಬರೆಯಿನ ಪದ್ಯೊಲು === == ಸಂಗಟನೆಲು == === ರಂಗಸಂಗಾತಿ === === ಪುಸ್ತಕಪ್ರೇಮಿ ದಿನ === ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ 14ನೆ ತಾರೀಕ್‌ದಾನಿ ವ್ಯಾಲೆಂಟೈನ್ಸ್ ಡೇ ದಿನೊನು ಕುಡ್ಲಡ್ ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಪ್ರೇಮಿಗಳ ದಿನೊಂದು ಆಚರಿಸವುನ ಪೊಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆನ್ ಸುರುಮಲ್ತ್‌ನಾರ್ ಶಶಿರಾಜ್‌ ಕಾವೂರು.<ref>https://kannada.news18.com/news/state/mangalore-mangaluru-ranga-sangathi-celebrate-book-lovers-day-on-february-14-irk-1563493.html</ref> '''ರಂಗ ಸಂಗಾತಿ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪ್ರತಿಷ್ಠಾನ'''ದ ವತಿಡ್ದ್ ಈ ಲೇಸ್ ಆಯೋಜನೆ ಆಪುಂಡು. ಇಂದೆತ ಉದ್ದೇಸೊ * ಯುವ ಬರಹಗಾರೆರೆಗ್ ಸರಿಯಾಯಿನ ವೇದಿಕೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹ ಕೊರ್ಪುನೆ. * ಯುವ ಸಾಹಿತಿಲೆನ ಪೊಸ ಬೂಕುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಸಕಾಯೊ ಆಪುನೆ. * ಓದುಗೆರ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಲೇಕಕೆರೆ ನಡುಟು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಕ ಸಂವಾದೊಲೆನ್ ಉಂಡು ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ. == ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿಲು == # ಸಿಜಿಕೆ ರಂಗ ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರೊ <ref>{{cite web |title=ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರುಗೆ ಸಿಜಿಕೆ ರಂಗ ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ: ಜೂ.27ರಂದು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಪ್ರದಾನ |url=https://www.varthabharati.in/udupi/-27--2016152 |website=www.varthabharati.in |language=kn |date=26 June 2024}}</ref> == ಪಿದಯಿದ ಕೊಂಡಿ == == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == <references /> 9mu00t90y0x3i9mqsu6tc5ll8txbhjq 366624 366623 2026-08-23T13:05:55Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 /* ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿಲು */ 366624 wikitext text/x-wiki ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು [[ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ|ಉಡುಪಿ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದ ಕಾಪುದಾರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಕುಡ್ಲ]]ಡ್ ವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ನ್ಯಾಯವಾದಿಯಾದ್, ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬರವುಗಾರೆರಾದ್ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. ವಕೀಲ ಬೇಲೆದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಡ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಪದ್ಯ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ನಾಟಕ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ ಇಂಚ ಚಿರ ಪರಿಚಿತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bharat |first1=E. T. V. |title=ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನಕ್ಕಿಳಿದ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಗೀತ ರಚನೆಕಾರ: 'ವಾದಿರಾಜ ವಾಲಗ ಮಂಡಳಿ'ಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಕಲಾವಿದರು |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/kn/entertainment/kantara-lyricist-turns-to-film-direction-kantara-artists-in-vadiraja-valaga-mandali-karnataka-news-kas25112501448 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=kn |date=25 November 2025}}</ref> ಕನ್ನಡ [[ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮಾ|ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮೊ]]ಲೆಗ್ ಪದ್ಯೊ ಬರೆಪುನ ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು ಬರೆಯಿನ [[ಕಾಂತಾರ (ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಿನಿಮಾ)|ಕಾಂತಾರ-1]] '''ವರಾಹ ರೂಪಂ'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Varaha Roopam Daiva Va Rishtam (Full Song & Lyrics) - Kantara - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/varaha-roopam-daiva-va-rishtam/PlsxaRdxT3E |date=12 October 2022}}</ref>,<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001531/2023/1/?ref_=nmawd_1</ref> '''ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲಾ ಶಿವನೇ ಭಕ್ತಿ ದಾರಿಯು''' ಸಿನಿಮೊದ ಪದ್ಯೊಗು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. == ಪುಟ್ಟು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿದ್ಯಾಬ್ಯಾಸೊ == ಕಾಪುದ ಪೊಲಿಪು ಸರಕಾರಿ ಶಾಲೆಡ್ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣೊ ಆರಂಬೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಕೆನರಾ ಹೈಸ್ಕೂಲ್ಡ್ ಪ್ರೌಢಶಾಲೆ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಗೋಕರ್ಣನಾಥೇಶ್ವರ ಪಿಯು ಕಾಲೇಜ್‌ಡ್‌ ಪಿಯುಸಿ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕೆನರಾ ಪದವಿ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಬಿ.ಕಾಂ. ಸ್ನಾತಕ ಪದವಿ. ಎಸ್.ಡಿ.ಎಮ್. ಲಾ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಎಲ್.ಎಲ್.ಬಿ. ಪದವಿ. == ಬರೆಯಿನ ಬೂಕುಲು == === ನಾಟಕೊಲು === # ಪರಶುರಾಮ - ಪೌರಾಣಿಕ ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆದ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟೊ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಛತ್ರಪತಿ ಶಿವಾಜಿ - ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕತಾವಸ್ತುದ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಏಕಾದಶಾನನ - ರಂಗಾಸಕ್ತೆರ ಮೆಚ್ಚಿಗೆ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಬರ್ಬರೀಕ - ಮಹಾಭಾರತ ಪಾತ್ರೊದ ಸುಳಿವುಡು ರಚನೆ ಆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ವೈದ್ಯೋ ನಾರಾಯಣೋ ಹರೀ - ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿಡಂಬನಾತ್ಮಕ ರಂಗಕೃತಿ. # ಚಾರು ವಸಂತ - ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ದ ಕತಾನಕೊನು ದೇಸಿ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಕೃತಿ (2003). # ಮರ-ಗಿಡ-ಬಳ್ಳಿ - ಕನ್ನಡೊದ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹೊ ನಾಟಕ ಪುಸ್ತಕೊ. == ಸಾದನೆಲು == === ನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ನಾಟಕೊಲು === === ನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಸಿನೆಮೊಲು === === ಸಿನೆಮೊಗು ಬರೆಯಿನ ಪದ್ಯೊಲು === == ಸಂಗಟನೆಲು == === ರಂಗಸಂಗಾತಿ === === ಪುಸ್ತಕಪ್ರೇಮಿ ದಿನ === ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ 14ನೆ ತಾರೀಕ್‌ದಾನಿ ವ್ಯಾಲೆಂಟೈನ್ಸ್ ಡೇ ದಿನೊನು ಕುಡ್ಲಡ್ ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಪ್ರೇಮಿಗಳ ದಿನೊಂದು ಆಚರಿಸವುನ ಪೊಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆನ್ ಸುರುಮಲ್ತ್‌ನಾರ್ ಶಶಿರಾಜ್‌ ಕಾವೂರು.<ref>https://kannada.news18.com/news/state/mangalore-mangaluru-ranga-sangathi-celebrate-book-lovers-day-on-february-14-irk-1563493.html</ref> '''ರಂಗ ಸಂಗಾತಿ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪ್ರತಿಷ್ಠಾನ'''ದ ವತಿಡ್ದ್ ಈ ಲೇಸ್ ಆಯೋಜನೆ ಆಪುಂಡು. ಇಂದೆತ ಉದ್ದೇಸೊ * ಯುವ ಬರಹಗಾರೆರೆಗ್ ಸರಿಯಾಯಿನ ವೇದಿಕೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹ ಕೊರ್ಪುನೆ. * ಯುವ ಸಾಹಿತಿಲೆನ ಪೊಸ ಬೂಕುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಸಕಾಯೊ ಆಪುನೆ. * ಓದುಗೆರ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಲೇಕಕೆರೆ ನಡುಟು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಕ ಸಂವಾದೊಲೆನ್ ಉಂಡು ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ. == ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿಲು == # ಸಿ.ಜಿ.ಕೆ. ರಂಗಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ 2024 <ref>{{cite web |title=ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು ಇವರಿಗೆ ‘ಸಿ.ಜಿ.ಕೆ. ರಂಗ ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ-2024’ |url=https://roovari.com/cgk-ranga-puraskara-to-shashiraj-kavooru-upcoming-jun2024/ |website=Roovari |date=25 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರುಗೆ ಸಿಜಿಕೆ ರಂಗ ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ: ಜೂ.27ರಂದು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಪ್ರದಾನ |url=https://www.varthabharati.in/udupi/-27--2016152 |website=www.varthabharati.in |language=kn |date=26 June 2024}}</ref> == ಪಿದಯಿದ ಕೊಂಡಿ == == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == <references /> 8lbswzixrpxdbk3ze44so38ozbqxugd 366625 366624 2026-08-23T13:06:45Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 /* ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ */ 366625 wikitext text/x-wiki ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು [[ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ|ಉಡುಪಿ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದ ಕಾಪುದಾರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಕುಡ್ಲ]]ಡ್ ವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ನ್ಯಾಯವಾದಿಯಾದ್, ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬರವುಗಾರೆರಾದ್ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. ವಕೀಲ ಬೇಲೆದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಡ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಪದ್ಯ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ನಾಟಕ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ ಇಂಚ ಚಿರ ಪರಿಚಿತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bharat |first1=E. T. V. |title=ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನಕ್ಕಿಳಿದ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಗೀತ ರಚನೆಕಾರ: 'ವಾದಿರಾಜ ವಾಲಗ ಮಂಡಳಿ'ಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಕಲಾವಿದರು |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/kn/entertainment/kantara-lyricist-turns-to-film-direction-kantara-artists-in-vadiraja-valaga-mandali-karnataka-news-kas25112501448 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=kn |date=25 November 2025}}</ref> ಕನ್ನಡ [[ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮಾ|ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮೊ]]ಲೆಗ್ ಪದ್ಯೊ ಬರೆಪುನ ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು ಬರೆಯಿನ [[ಕಾಂತಾರ (ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಿನಿಮಾ)|ಕಾಂತಾರ-1]] '''ವರಾಹ ರೂಪಂ'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Varaha Roopam Daiva Va Rishtam (Full Song & Lyrics) - Kantara - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/varaha-roopam-daiva-va-rishtam/PlsxaRdxT3E |date=12 October 2022}}</ref>,<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001531/2023/1/?ref_=nmawd_1</ref> '''ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲಾ ಶಿವನೇ ಭಕ್ತಿ ದಾರಿಯು''' ಸಿನಿಮೊದ ಪದ್ಯೊಗು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. == ಪುಟ್ಟು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿದ್ಯಾಬ್ಯಾಸೊ == ಕಾಪುದ ಪೊಲಿಪು ಸರಕಾರಿ ಶಾಲೆಡ್ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣೊ ಆರಂಬೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಕೆನರಾ ಹೈಸ್ಕೂಲ್ಡ್ ಪ್ರೌಢಶಾಲೆ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಗೋಕರ್ಣನಾಥೇಶ್ವರ ಪಿಯು ಕಾಲೇಜ್‌ಡ್‌ ಪಿಯುಸಿ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕೆನರಾ ಪದವಿ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಬಿ.ಕಾಂ. ಸ್ನಾತಕ ಪದವಿ. ಎಸ್.ಡಿ.ಎಮ್. ಲಾ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಎಲ್.ಎಲ್.ಬಿ. ಪದವಿ. == ಬರೆಯಿನ ಬೂಕುಲು == === ನಾಟಕೊಲು === # ಪರಶುರಾಮ - ಪೌರಾಣಿಕ ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆದ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟೊ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಛತ್ರಪತಿ ಶಿವಾಜಿ - ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕತಾವಸ್ತುದ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಏಕಾದಶಾನನ - ರಂಗಾಸಕ್ತೆರ ಮೆಚ್ಚಿಗೆ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಬರ್ಬರೀಕ - ಮಹಾಭಾರತ ಪಾತ್ರೊದ ಸುಳಿವುಡು ರಚನೆ ಆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ವೈದ್ಯೋ ನಾರಾಯಣೋ ಹರೀ - ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿಡಂಬನಾತ್ಮಕ ರಂಗಕೃತಿ. # ಚಾರು ವಸಂತ - ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ದ ಕತಾನಕೊನು ದೇಸಿ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಕೃತಿ (2003). # ಮರ-ಗಿಡ-ಬಳ್ಳಿ - ಕನ್ನಡೊದ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹೊ ನಾಟಕ ಪುಸ್ತಕೊ. == ಸಾದನೆಲು == === ನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ನಾಟಕೊಲು === === ನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಸಿನೆಮೊಲು === === ಸಿನೆಮೊಗು ಬರೆಯಿನ ಪದ್ಯೊಲು === == ಸಂಗಟನೆಲು == === ರಂಗಸಂಗಾತಿ === === ಪುಸ್ತಕಪ್ರೇಮಿ ದಿನ === ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ 14ನೆ ತಾರೀಕ್‌ದಾನಿ ವ್ಯಾಲೆಂಟೈನ್ಸ್ ಡೇ ದಿನೊನು ಕುಡ್ಲಡ್ ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಪ್ರೇಮಿಗಳ ದಿನೊಂದು ಆಚರಿಸವುನ ಪೊಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆನ್ ಸುರುಮಲ್ತ್‌ನಾರ್ ಶಶಿರಾಜ್‌ ಕಾವೂರು.<ref>https://kannada.news18.com/news/state/mangalore-mangaluru-ranga-sangathi-celebrate-book-lovers-day-on-february-14-irk-1563493.html</ref> '''ರಂಗ ಸಂಗಾತಿ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪ್ರತಿಷ್ಠಾನ'''ದ ವತಿಡ್ದ್ ಈ ಲೇಸ್ ಆಯೋಜನೆ ಆಪುಂಡು. ಇಂದೆತ ಉದ್ದೇಸೊ * ಯುವ ಬರಹಗಾರೆರೆಗ್ ಸರಿಯಾಯಿನ ವೇದಿಕೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹ ಕೊರ್ಪುನೆ. * ಯುವ ಸಾಹಿತಿಲೆನ ಪೊಸ ಬೂಕುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಸಕಾಯೊ ಆಪುನೆ. * ಓದುಗೆರ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಲೇಕಕೆರೆ ನಡುಟು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಕ ಸಂವಾದೊಲೆನ್ ಉಂಡು ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ. == ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿಲು == # ಸಿ.ಜಿ.ಕೆ. ರಂಗಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ 2024 <ref>{{cite web |title=ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು ಇವರಿಗೆ ‘ಸಿ.ಜಿ.ಕೆ. ರಂಗ ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ-2024’ |url=https://roovari.com/cgk-ranga-puraskara-to-shashiraj-kavooru-upcoming-jun2024/ |website=Roovari |date=25 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರುಗೆ ಸಿಜಿಕೆ ರಂಗ ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ: ಜೂ.27ರಂದು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಪ್ರದಾನ |url=https://www.varthabharati.in/udupi/-27--2016152 |website=www.varthabharati.in |language=kn |date=26 June 2024}}</ref> == ಪಿದಯಿದ ಕೊಂಡಿ == == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == {{reflist}} apbb72ge8xkmqkgghqkvksdmn42u0fh 366626 366625 2026-08-23T13:07:28Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 added [[Category:ವಿಶ್ವನಾಥ ಬದಿಕಾನ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 366626 wikitext text/x-wiki ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು [[ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ|ಉಡುಪಿ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದ ಕಾಪುದಾರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಕುಡ್ಲ]]ಡ್ ವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ನ್ಯಾಯವಾದಿಯಾದ್, ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬರವುಗಾರೆರಾದ್ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. ವಕೀಲ ಬೇಲೆದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಡ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಪದ್ಯ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ನಾಟಕ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ ಇಂಚ ಚಿರ ಪರಿಚಿತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bharat |first1=E. T. V. |title=ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನಕ್ಕಿಳಿದ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಗೀತ ರಚನೆಕಾರ: 'ವಾದಿರಾಜ ವಾಲಗ ಮಂಡಳಿ'ಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಕಲಾವಿದರು |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/kn/entertainment/kantara-lyricist-turns-to-film-direction-kantara-artists-in-vadiraja-valaga-mandali-karnataka-news-kas25112501448 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=kn |date=25 November 2025}}</ref> ಕನ್ನಡ [[ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮಾ|ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮೊ]]ಲೆಗ್ ಪದ್ಯೊ ಬರೆಪುನ ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು ಬರೆಯಿನ [[ಕಾಂತಾರ (ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಿನಿಮಾ)|ಕಾಂತಾರ-1]] '''ವರಾಹ ರೂಪಂ'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Varaha Roopam Daiva Va Rishtam (Full Song & Lyrics) - Kantara - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/varaha-roopam-daiva-va-rishtam/PlsxaRdxT3E |date=12 October 2022}}</ref>,<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001531/2023/1/?ref_=nmawd_1</ref> '''ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲಾ ಶಿವನೇ ಭಕ್ತಿ ದಾರಿಯು''' ಸಿನಿಮೊದ ಪದ್ಯೊಗು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. == ಪುಟ್ಟು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿದ್ಯಾಬ್ಯಾಸೊ == ಕಾಪುದ ಪೊಲಿಪು ಸರಕಾರಿ ಶಾಲೆಡ್ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣೊ ಆರಂಬೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಕೆನರಾ ಹೈಸ್ಕೂಲ್ಡ್ ಪ್ರೌಢಶಾಲೆ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಗೋಕರ್ಣನಾಥೇಶ್ವರ ಪಿಯು ಕಾಲೇಜ್‌ಡ್‌ ಪಿಯುಸಿ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕೆನರಾ ಪದವಿ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಬಿ.ಕಾಂ. ಸ್ನಾತಕ ಪದವಿ. ಎಸ್.ಡಿ.ಎಮ್. ಲಾ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಎಲ್.ಎಲ್.ಬಿ. ಪದವಿ. == ಬರೆಯಿನ ಬೂಕುಲು == === ನಾಟಕೊಲು === # ಪರಶುರಾಮ - ಪೌರಾಣಿಕ ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆದ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟೊ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಛತ್ರಪತಿ ಶಿವಾಜಿ - ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕತಾವಸ್ತುದ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಏಕಾದಶಾನನ - ರಂಗಾಸಕ್ತೆರ ಮೆಚ್ಚಿಗೆ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಬರ್ಬರೀಕ - ಮಹಾಭಾರತ ಪಾತ್ರೊದ ಸುಳಿವುಡು ರಚನೆ ಆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ವೈದ್ಯೋ ನಾರಾಯಣೋ ಹರೀ - ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿಡಂಬನಾತ್ಮಕ ರಂಗಕೃತಿ. # ಚಾರು ವಸಂತ - ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ದ ಕತಾನಕೊನು ದೇಸಿ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಕೃತಿ (2003). # ಮರ-ಗಿಡ-ಬಳ್ಳಿ - ಕನ್ನಡೊದ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹೊ ನಾಟಕ ಪುಸ್ತಕೊ. == ಸಾದನೆಲು == === ನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ನಾಟಕೊಲು === === ನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಸಿನೆಮೊಲು === === ಸಿನೆಮೊಗು ಬರೆಯಿನ ಪದ್ಯೊಲು === == ಸಂಗಟನೆಲು == === ರಂಗಸಂಗಾತಿ === === ಪುಸ್ತಕಪ್ರೇಮಿ ದಿನ === ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ 14ನೆ ತಾರೀಕ್‌ದಾನಿ ವ್ಯಾಲೆಂಟೈನ್ಸ್ ಡೇ ದಿನೊನು ಕುಡ್ಲಡ್ ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಪ್ರೇಮಿಗಳ ದಿನೊಂದು ಆಚರಿಸವುನ ಪೊಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆನ್ ಸುರುಮಲ್ತ್‌ನಾರ್ ಶಶಿರಾಜ್‌ ಕಾವೂರು.<ref>https://kannada.news18.com/news/state/mangalore-mangaluru-ranga-sangathi-celebrate-book-lovers-day-on-february-14-irk-1563493.html</ref> '''ರಂಗ ಸಂಗಾತಿ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪ್ರತಿಷ್ಠಾನ'''ದ ವತಿಡ್ದ್ ಈ ಲೇಸ್ ಆಯೋಜನೆ ಆಪುಂಡು. ಇಂದೆತ ಉದ್ದೇಸೊ * ಯುವ ಬರಹಗಾರೆರೆಗ್ ಸರಿಯಾಯಿನ ವೇದಿಕೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹ ಕೊರ್ಪುನೆ. * ಯುವ ಸಾಹಿತಿಲೆನ ಪೊಸ ಬೂಕುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಸಕಾಯೊ ಆಪುನೆ. * ಓದುಗೆರ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಲೇಕಕೆರೆ ನಡುಟು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಕ ಸಂವಾದೊಲೆನ್ ಉಂಡು ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ. == ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿಲು == # ಸಿ.ಜಿ.ಕೆ. ರಂಗಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ 2024 <ref>{{cite web |title=ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು ಇವರಿಗೆ ‘ಸಿ.ಜಿ.ಕೆ. ರಂಗ ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ-2024’ |url=https://roovari.com/cgk-ranga-puraskara-to-shashiraj-kavooru-upcoming-jun2024/ |website=Roovari |date=25 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರುಗೆ ಸಿಜಿಕೆ ರಂಗ ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ: ಜೂ.27ರಂದು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಪ್ರದಾನ |url=https://www.varthabharati.in/udupi/-27--2016152 |website=www.varthabharati.in |language=kn |date=26 June 2024}}</ref> == ಪಿದಯಿದ ಕೊಂಡಿ == == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == {{reflist}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ವಿಶ್ವನಾಥ ಬದಿಕಾನ]] 521r594stn4arc3b88s404aj6d1joq4 366628 366626 2026-08-23T13:08:24Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 added [[Category:ತುಳು ನಾಟಕೊ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 366628 wikitext text/x-wiki ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು [[ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ|ಉಡುಪಿ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದ ಕಾಪುದಾರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಕುಡ್ಲ]]ಡ್ ವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ನ್ಯಾಯವಾದಿಯಾದ್, ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬರವುಗಾರೆರಾದ್ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. ವಕೀಲ ಬೇಲೆದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಡ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಪದ್ಯ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ನಾಟಕ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ ಇಂಚ ಚಿರ ಪರಿಚಿತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bharat |first1=E. T. V. |title=ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನಕ್ಕಿಳಿದ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಗೀತ ರಚನೆಕಾರ: 'ವಾದಿರಾಜ ವಾಲಗ ಮಂಡಳಿ'ಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಕಲಾವಿದರು |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/kn/entertainment/kantara-lyricist-turns-to-film-direction-kantara-artists-in-vadiraja-valaga-mandali-karnataka-news-kas25112501448 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=kn |date=25 November 2025}}</ref> ಕನ್ನಡ [[ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮಾ|ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮೊ]]ಲೆಗ್ ಪದ್ಯೊ ಬರೆಪುನ ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು ಬರೆಯಿನ [[ಕಾಂತಾರ (ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಿನಿಮಾ)|ಕಾಂತಾರ-1]] '''ವರಾಹ ರೂಪಂ'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Varaha Roopam Daiva Va Rishtam (Full Song & Lyrics) - Kantara - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/varaha-roopam-daiva-va-rishtam/PlsxaRdxT3E |date=12 October 2022}}</ref>,<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001531/2023/1/?ref_=nmawd_1</ref> '''ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲಾ ಶಿವನೇ ಭಕ್ತಿ ದಾರಿಯು''' ಸಿನಿಮೊದ ಪದ್ಯೊಗು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. == ಪುಟ್ಟು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿದ್ಯಾಬ್ಯಾಸೊ == ಕಾಪುದ ಪೊಲಿಪು ಸರಕಾರಿ ಶಾಲೆಡ್ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣೊ ಆರಂಬೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಕೆನರಾ ಹೈಸ್ಕೂಲ್ಡ್ ಪ್ರೌಢಶಾಲೆ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಗೋಕರ್ಣನಾಥೇಶ್ವರ ಪಿಯು ಕಾಲೇಜ್‌ಡ್‌ ಪಿಯುಸಿ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕೆನರಾ ಪದವಿ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಬಿ.ಕಾಂ. ಸ್ನಾತಕ ಪದವಿ. ಎಸ್.ಡಿ.ಎಮ್. ಲಾ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಎಲ್.ಎಲ್.ಬಿ. ಪದವಿ. == ಬರೆಯಿನ ಬೂಕುಲು == === ನಾಟಕೊಲು === # ಪರಶುರಾಮ - ಪೌರಾಣಿಕ ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆದ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟೊ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಛತ್ರಪತಿ ಶಿವಾಜಿ - ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕತಾವಸ್ತುದ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಏಕಾದಶಾನನ - ರಂಗಾಸಕ್ತೆರ ಮೆಚ್ಚಿಗೆ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಬರ್ಬರೀಕ - ಮಹಾಭಾರತ ಪಾತ್ರೊದ ಸುಳಿವುಡು ರಚನೆ ಆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ವೈದ್ಯೋ ನಾರಾಯಣೋ ಹರೀ - ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿಡಂಬನಾತ್ಮಕ ರಂಗಕೃತಿ. # ಚಾರು ವಸಂತ - ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ದ ಕತಾನಕೊನು ದೇಸಿ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಕೃತಿ (2003). # ಮರ-ಗಿಡ-ಬಳ್ಳಿ - ಕನ್ನಡೊದ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹೊ ನಾಟಕ ಪುಸ್ತಕೊ. == ಸಾದನೆಲು == === ನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ನಾಟಕೊಲು === === ನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಸಿನೆಮೊಲು === === ಸಿನೆಮೊಗು ಬರೆಯಿನ ಪದ್ಯೊಲು === == ಸಂಗಟನೆಲು == === ರಂಗಸಂಗಾತಿ === === ಪುಸ್ತಕಪ್ರೇಮಿ ದಿನ === ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ 14ನೆ ತಾರೀಕ್‌ದಾನಿ ವ್ಯಾಲೆಂಟೈನ್ಸ್ ಡೇ ದಿನೊನು ಕುಡ್ಲಡ್ ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಪ್ರೇಮಿಗಳ ದಿನೊಂದು ಆಚರಿಸವುನ ಪೊಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆನ್ ಸುರುಮಲ್ತ್‌ನಾರ್ ಶಶಿರಾಜ್‌ ಕಾವೂರು.<ref>https://kannada.news18.com/news/state/mangalore-mangaluru-ranga-sangathi-celebrate-book-lovers-day-on-february-14-irk-1563493.html</ref> '''ರಂಗ ಸಂಗಾತಿ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪ್ರತಿಷ್ಠಾನ'''ದ ವತಿಡ್ದ್ ಈ ಲೇಸ್ ಆಯೋಜನೆ ಆಪುಂಡು. ಇಂದೆತ ಉದ್ದೇಸೊ * ಯುವ ಬರಹಗಾರೆರೆಗ್ ಸರಿಯಾಯಿನ ವೇದಿಕೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹ ಕೊರ್ಪುನೆ. * ಯುವ ಸಾಹಿತಿಲೆನ ಪೊಸ ಬೂಕುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಸಕಾಯೊ ಆಪುನೆ. * ಓದುಗೆರ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಲೇಕಕೆರೆ ನಡುಟು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಕ ಸಂವಾದೊಲೆನ್ ಉಂಡು ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ. == ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿಲು == # ಸಿ.ಜಿ.ಕೆ. ರಂಗಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ 2024 <ref>{{cite web |title=ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು ಇವರಿಗೆ ‘ಸಿ.ಜಿ.ಕೆ. ರಂಗ ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ-2024’ |url=https://roovari.com/cgk-ranga-puraskara-to-shashiraj-kavooru-upcoming-jun2024/ |website=Roovari |date=25 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರುಗೆ ಸಿಜಿಕೆ ರಂಗ ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ: ಜೂ.27ರಂದು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಪ್ರದಾನ |url=https://www.varthabharati.in/udupi/-27--2016152 |website=www.varthabharati.in |language=kn |date=26 June 2024}}</ref> == ಪಿದಯಿದ ಕೊಂಡಿ == == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == {{reflist}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ವಿಶ್ವನಾಥ ಬದಿಕಾನ]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ತುಳು ನಾಟಕೊ]] dlzwz9f8wfg6njih8lqkqeg10pz1w3d 366629 366628 2026-08-23T13:13:26Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 removed [[Category:ವಿಶ್ವನಾಥ ಬದಿಕಾನ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 366629 wikitext text/x-wiki ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು [[ಉಡುಪಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ|ಉಡುಪಿ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದ ಕಾಪುದಾರ್. ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಕುಡ್ಲ]]ಡ್ ವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ನ್ಯಾಯವಾದಿಯಾದ್, ಪ್ರವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬರವುಗಾರೆರಾದ್ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. ವಕೀಲ ಬೇಲೆದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಡ್ ಸಿನಿಮಾ ಪದ್ಯ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ನಾಟಕ ಬರೆಪುನೆ, ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ ಇಂಚ ಚಿರ ಪರಿಚಿತೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bharat |first1=E. T. V. |title=ಸಿನಿಮಾ ನಿರ್ದೇಶನಕ್ಕಿಳಿದ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಗೀತ ರಚನೆಕಾರ: 'ವಾದಿರಾಜ ವಾಲಗ ಮಂಡಳಿ'ಯಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಂತಾರ ಕಲಾವಿದರು |url=https://www.etvbharat.com/kn/entertainment/kantara-lyricist-turns-to-film-direction-kantara-artists-in-vadiraja-valaga-mandali-karnataka-news-kas25112501448 |website=ETV Bharat News |language=kn |date=25 November 2025}}</ref> ಕನ್ನಡ [[ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮಾ|ತುಳು ಸಿನೆಮೊ]]ಲೆಗ್ ಪದ್ಯೊ ಬರೆಪುನ ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು ಬರೆಯಿನ [[ಕಾಂತಾರ (ಕನ್ನಡ ಸಿನಿಮಾ)|ಕಾಂತಾರ-1]] '''ವರಾಹ ರೂಪಂ'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Varaha Roopam Daiva Va Rishtam (Full Song & Lyrics) - Kantara - Download or Listen Free - JioSaavn |url=https://www.jiosaavn.com/song/varaha-roopam-daiva-va-rishtam/PlsxaRdxT3E |date=12 October 2022}}</ref>,<ref>https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0001531/2023/1/?ref_=nmawd_1</ref> '''ಗೊತ್ತಿಲ್ಲಾ ಶಿವನೇ ಭಕ್ತಿ ದಾರಿಯು''' ಸಿನಿಮೊದ ಪದ್ಯೊಗು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. == ಪುಟ್ಟು ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿದ್ಯಾಬ್ಯಾಸೊ == ಕಾಪುದ ಪೊಲಿಪು ಸರಕಾರಿ ಶಾಲೆಡ್ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣೊ ಆರಂಬೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಕೆನರಾ ಹೈಸ್ಕೂಲ್ಡ್ ಪ್ರೌಢಶಾಲೆ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಗೋಕರ್ಣನಾಥೇಶ್ವರ ಪಿಯು ಕಾಲೇಜ್‌ಡ್‌ ಪಿಯುಸಿ ಅಬ್ಯಾಸೊ. ಕೆನರಾ ಪದವಿ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಬಿ.ಕಾಂ. ಸ್ನಾತಕ ಪದವಿ. ಎಸ್.ಡಿ.ಎಮ್. ಲಾ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಡ್ ಎಲ್.ಎಲ್.ಬಿ. ಪದವಿ. == ಬರೆಯಿನ ಬೂಕುಲು == === ನಾಟಕೊಲು === # ಪರಶುರಾಮ - ಪೌರಾಣಿಕ ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆದ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟೊ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಛತ್ರಪತಿ ಶಿವಾಜಿ - ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕತಾವಸ್ತುದ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಏಕಾದಶಾನನ - ರಂಗಾಸಕ್ತೆರ ಮೆಚ್ಚಿಗೆ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ಬರ್ಬರೀಕ - ಮಹಾಭಾರತ ಪಾತ್ರೊದ ಸುಳಿವುಡು ರಚನೆ ಆಯಿನ ನಾಟಕೊ. # ವೈದ್ಯೋ ನಾರಾಯಣೋ ಹರೀ - ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ವಿಡಂಬನಾತ್ಮಕ ರಂಗಕೃತಿ. # ಚಾರು ವಸಂತ - ಪಿರಾಕ್‌ದ ಕತಾನಕೊನು ದೇಸಿ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಕೃತಿ (2003). # ಮರ-ಗಿಡ-ಬಳ್ಳಿ - ಕನ್ನಡೊದ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹೊ ನಾಟಕ ಪುಸ್ತಕೊ. == ಸಾದನೆಲು == === ನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ನಾಟಕೊಲು === === ನಿರ್ದೇಶನೊ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ನ ಸಿನೆಮೊಲು === === ಸಿನೆಮೊಗು ಬರೆಯಿನ ಪದ್ಯೊಲು === == ಸಂಗಟನೆಲು == === ರಂಗಸಂಗಾತಿ === === ಪುಸ್ತಕಪ್ರೇಮಿ ದಿನ === ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ 14ನೆ ತಾರೀಕ್‌ದಾನಿ ವ್ಯಾಲೆಂಟೈನ್ಸ್ ಡೇ ದಿನೊನು ಕುಡ್ಲಡ್ ಪುಸ್ತಕ ಪ್ರೇಮಿಗಳ ದಿನೊಂದು ಆಚರಿಸವುನ ಪೊಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆನ್ ಸುರುಮಲ್ತ್‌ನಾರ್ ಶಶಿರಾಜ್‌ ಕಾವೂರು.<ref>https://kannada.news18.com/news/state/mangalore-mangaluru-ranga-sangathi-celebrate-book-lovers-day-on-february-14-irk-1563493.html</ref> '''ರಂಗ ಸಂಗಾತಿ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪ್ರತಿಷ್ಠಾನ'''ದ ವತಿಡ್ದ್ ಈ ಲೇಸ್ ಆಯೋಜನೆ ಆಪುಂಡು. ಇಂದೆತ ಉದ್ದೇಸೊ * ಯುವ ಬರಹಗಾರೆರೆಗ್ ಸರಿಯಾಯಿನ ವೇದಿಕೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪ್ರೋತ್ಸಾಹ ಕೊರ್ಪುನೆ. * ಯುವ ಸಾಹಿತಿಲೆನ ಪೊಸ ಬೂಕುಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪಿಯರ ಸಕಾಯೊ ಆಪುನೆ. * ಓದುಗೆರ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಲೇಕಕೆರೆ ನಡುಟು ಸಾಹಿತ್ಯಕ ಸಂವಾದೊಲೆನ್ ಉಂಡು ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ. == ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿಲು == # ಸಿ.ಜಿ.ಕೆ. ರಂಗಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ 2024 <ref>{{cite web |title=ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರು ಇವರಿಗೆ ‘ಸಿ.ಜಿ.ಕೆ. ರಂಗ ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ-2024’ |url=https://roovari.com/cgk-ranga-puraskara-to-shashiraj-kavooru-upcoming-jun2024/ |website=Roovari |date=25 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=ಶಶಿರಾಜ್ ಕಾವೂರುಗೆ ಸಿಜಿಕೆ ರಂಗ ಪುರಸ್ಕಾರ: ಜೂ.27ರಂದು ಪ್ರಶಸ್ತಿ ಪ್ರದಾನ |url=https://www.varthabharati.in/udupi/-27--2016152 |website=www.varthabharati.in |language=kn |date=26 June 2024}}</ref> == ಪಿದಯಿದ ಕೊಂಡಿ == == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == {{reflist}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ತುಳು ನಾಟಕೊ]] 8h9xjixbq60yuiis3bpkiwwuzxxhpub 0 28129 366743 366593 2026-08-23T16:03:01Z Mahaveer Indra 1023 366743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} '''ಲಡಾಖ್''' ನಮ ದೇಸೊದ ಒಂಜಿ [[ಕೇಂದ್ರಾಡಳಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊಲು|ಕೇಂದ್ರಾಡಳಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶ]].<ref name=ladakh-britannica-current>{{citation |chapter=Ladakh |title=Encyclopaedia Britannica |date=1 March 2021 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |chapter-url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ladakh |access-date=2 April 2022 |quote=Ladakh, large area of the northern and eastern Kashmir region, northwestern Indian subcontinent. Administratively, Ladakh is divided between Pakistan (northwest), as part of Gilgit-Baltistan, and India (southeast), as part of Ladakh union territory (until October 31, 2019, part of Jammu and Kashmir state); in addition, China administers portions of northeastern Ladakh. |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407153837/https://www.britannica.com/place/Ladakh |url-status=live }}</ref> ಇಂದೆತ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ [[ಲೇಹ್]]. ಅತ್ತಂದೆ [[ಕಾರ್ಗಿಲ್‌]]ಲಾ ಜೋಡಿ ರಾಜದಾನಿ ಆದ್ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು. ಲಡಾಖ್ ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಮೂಡಾಯಿ ಬಾಗೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಲಡಾಖ್‌ದ ಮೂಡಾಯಿಡ್ [[ಟಿಬೆಟ್]],<ref>{{cite website|title=China [cartographic material]|url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/136381|publisher=UN|date=November 1986|access-date=2026-01-31|work=UN. Geospatial Information Section}}</ref> ತೆಂಕಾಯಿಡ್ [[ಹಿಮಾಚಲ ಪ್ರದೇಶ]], ಪಡ್ಡಾಯಿಡ್ ಭಾರತದ ಆಡಳಿತೊಡುಪ್ಪುನ [[ಜಮ್ಮು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರ (ಕೇಂದ್ರಾಡಳಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊ)|ಜಮ್ಮು-ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರ]] ಬುಕ್ಕ ಪಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನದ ಆಡಳಿತೊಡುಪ್ಪುನ ಗಿಲ್ಗಿಟ್-ಬಾಲ್ಟಿಸ್ತಾನ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ಬಡಕಾಯಿಡ್ ಕಾರಕೋರಂ ಪಾಸ್‌ದ ಅಂಚಿಡ್ ಕ್ಸಿನ್‌ಜಿಯಾಂಗ್‌ದ ನೈರುತ್ಯ ಮೂಲೆ ಗಡಿಯಾದುಂಡು.<ref>{{harvp|Jina, Ladakh|1996}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/south_asia/03/kashmir_future/html |title=In Depth – Kashmir Flashpoint, Kashmir options. Maps showing the options and pitfalls of possible solutions |work=[[BBC News]] |date=19 May 2011 |access-date=16 April 2013 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190211/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/south_asia/2002/kashmir_flashpoint/default.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ಲಡಾಖ್ ಬಡೆಕಾಯಿದ ಕಾರಕೋರಂ ಶ್ರೇಣಿದ ಸಿಯಾಚಿನ್ ಹಿಮನದಿಡ್ದ್ ತೆಂಕಾಯಿದ ಹಿಮಾಲಯ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಪರಡ್‌ದ್ ಉಂಡು. ಜನವಸತಿ ಇಜ್ಜಂದಿನ ಅಕ್ಸಾಯ್ ಚಿನ್ ಮೈದಾನೊ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮೂಡಾಯಿದ ಅಕೇರಿನ್, ಭಾರತ ಸರ್ಕಾರ ಲಡಾಖ್‌ದ ಬಾಗೊ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ೧೯೬೨ಡ್ದಿಂಚಿ ಚೀನಾದ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಣೊಡು ಉಂಡು.<ref name="Columbia Gazetteer">{{cite book |title=The Columbia Gazetteer of the World |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-231-14554-1 |editor=[[Saul B. Cohen]] |edition=2nd |volume=1 |location=[[New York City|New York]] |page=52 |chapter=Aksai Chin |lccn=2008009181 |oclc=212893637 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/columbiagazettee0000unse_l7h3/page/52}} "divided between India and CHINA"</ref> ಲಡಾಖ್‌ದ ಮಾಮಲ್ಲ ಪೇಂಟೆ ಲೇಹ್. ಲಡಾಖ್‌ಡ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ೭ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಲು ಉಲ್ಲ. ಅವು- ಚಾಂಗ್‌ತಾಂಗ್, ದ್ರಾಸ್, ಕಾರ್ಗಿಲ್, ಲೇಹ್, ನುಬ್ರಾ, ಶಾಮ್ ಬುಕ್ಕ ಝನ್ಸ್ಕಾರ್. ಲೇಹ್ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ಸಿಂಧು, ಶ್ಯೋಕ್ ಬುಕ್ಕ ನುಬ್ರಾ ತುದೆತ ಕಣಿವೆಲು ಉಲ್ಲ. ಅಂಚನೆ ಕಾರ್ಗಿಲ್ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ಸುರು, ದ್ರಾಸ್ ಬುಕ್ಕ ಝಾನ್ಸ್ಕರ್ ತುದೆತ ಕಣಿವೆಲು ಉಲ್ಲ. ಎಚ್ಚ ಜನಕುಲು ಈ ತುದೆತ ಕಣಿವೆ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊಡು ವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಆಂಡಲಾ ಕೈತಲ್ದ ಪರ್ವತದ ಮುದೆಲ್‌ಡ್ ಪಶುಪಾಲಕ ಜನಾಂಗವಾಯಿನ ಚಾಂಗ್‌ಪಾ ಅಲೆಮಾರಿ ಜನಕುಲು ವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಟಿಬೆಟ್ ಲಡಾಖ್‌ಗ್ ಕೈತಲ್ ಇತ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾತ್ರ, ಲಡಾಖ್‌ದ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಆಚಾರ ವಿಚಾರೊಲೆಡ್ ಟಿಬೆಟ್‌ದ ಪ್ರಬಾವ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉಂಡು.<ref name="culturetib">{{cite news |last1=Pile |first1=Tim |title=Ladakh: the good, bad and ugly sides to India's 'Little Tibet', high in the Himalayas |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/travel/article/3020805/ladakh-good-bad-and-ugly-sides-indias-little-tibet |newspaper=South Chinan Morning Post |date=1 August 2019 |id={{ProQuest|2267352786}} |access-date=17 June 2020 |archive-date=18 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618131904/https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/travel/article/3020805/ladakh-good-bad-and-ugly-sides-indias-little-tibet |url-status=live }}</ref> ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಲಡಾಖ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಯಕಟ್ಟ್‌ದ ಜಾಗೆ ಆಯಿನೇಡ್ದಾವರ ನಮ ದೇಸೊದ ಸೇನೆ ಮುಲ್ಪ ತನ್ನ ನಿಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಉಂಡು. ==ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು== {{reflist}} {{stub}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಭಾರತೊದ ಕೇಂದ್ರಾಡಳಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊಲು]] 937n1dp86me0sfm4p44ci4p2mcf8svl 366744 366743 2026-08-23T16:05:19Z Mahaveer Indra 1023 366744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} '''ಲಡಾಖ್''' ನಮ ದೇಸೊದ ಒಂಜಿ [[ಕೇಂದ್ರಾಡಳಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊಲು|ಕೇಂದ್ರಾಡಳಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶ]].<ref name=ladakh-britannica-current>{{citation |chapter=Ladakh |title=Encyclopaedia Britannica |date=1 March 2021 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |chapter-url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ladakh |access-date=2 April 2022 |quote=Ladakh, large area of the northern and eastern Kashmir region, northwestern Indian subcontinent. Administratively, Ladakh is divided between Pakistan (northwest), as part of Gilgit-Baltistan, and India (southeast), as part of Ladakh union territory (until October 31, 2019, part of Jammu and Kashmir state); in addition, China administers portions of northeastern Ladakh. |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407153837/https://www.britannica.com/place/Ladakh |url-status=live }}</ref> ಇಂದೆತ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ [[ಲೇಹ್]]. ಅತ್ತಂದೆ [[ಕಾರ್ಗಿಲ್‌]]ಲಾ ಜೋಡಿ ರಾಜದಾನಿ ಆದ್ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು. ಲಡಾಖ್ ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಮೂಡಾಯಿ ಬಾಗೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಲಡಾಖ್‌ದ ಮೂಡಾಯಿಡ್ [[ಟಿಬೆಟ್]],<ref>{{cite website|title=China [cartographic material]|url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/136381|publisher=UN|date=November 1986|access-date=2026-01-31|work=UN. Geospatial Information Section}}</ref> ತೆಂಕಾಯಿಡ್ [[ಹಿಮಾಚಲ ಪ್ರದೇಶ]], ಪಡ್ಡಾಯಿಡ್ ಭಾರತದ ಆಡಳಿತೊಡುಪ್ಪುನ [[ಜಮ್ಮು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರ (ಕೇಂದ್ರಾಡಳಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊ)|ಜಮ್ಮು-ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರ]] ಬುಕ್ಕ ಪಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನದ ಆಡಳಿತೊಡುಪ್ಪುನ ಗಿಲ್ಗಿಟ್-ಬಾಲ್ಟಿಸ್ತಾನ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ಬಡಕಾಯಿಡ್ ಕಾರಕೋರಂ ಪಾಸ್‌ದ ಅಂಚಿಡ್ ಕ್ಸಿನ್‌ಜಿಯಾಂಗ್‌ದ ನೈರುತ್ಯ ಮೂಲೆ ಗಡಿಯಾದುಂಡು.<ref>{{harvp|Jina, Ladakh|1996}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/south_asia/03/kashmir_future/html |title=In Depth – Kashmir Flashpoint, Kashmir options. Maps showing the options and pitfalls of possible solutions |work=[[BBC News]] |date=19 May 2011 |access-date=16 April 2013 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190211/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/south_asia/2002/kashmir_flashpoint/default.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ಲಡಾಖ್ ಬಡೆಕಾಯಿದ ಕಾರಕೋರಂ ಶ್ರೇಣಿದ ಸಿಯಾಚಿನ್ ಹಿಮನದಿಡ್ದ್ ತೆಂಕಾಯಿದ ಹಿಮಾಲಯ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಪರಡ್‌ದ್ ಉಂಡು. ಜನವಸತಿ ಇಜ್ಜಂದಿನ ಅಕ್ಸಾಯ್ ಚಿನ್ ಮೈದಾನೊ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮೂಡಾಯಿದ ಅಕೇರಿನ್, ಭಾರತ ಸರ್ಕಾರ ಲಡಾಖ್‌ದ ಬಾಗೊ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ೧೯೬೨ಡ್ದಿಂಚಿ ಚೀನಾದ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಣೊಡು ಉಂಡು.<ref name="Columbia Gazetteer">{{cite book |title=The Columbia Gazetteer of the World |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-231-14554-1 |editor=[[Saul B. Cohen]] |edition=2nd |volume=1 |location=[[New York City|New York]] |page=52 |chapter=Aksai Chin |lccn=2008009181 |oclc=212893637 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/columbiagazettee0000unse_l7h3/page/52}} "divided between India and CHINA"</ref> ಲಡಾಖ್‌ದ ಮಾಮಲ್ಲ ಪೇಂಟೆ ಲೇಹ್. ಲಡಾಖ್‌ಡ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ೭ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಲು ಉಲ್ಲ. ಅವು- ಚಾಂಗ್‌ತಾಂಗ್, ದ್ರಾಸ್, ಕಾರ್ಗಿಲ್, ಲೇಹ್, ನುಬ್ರಾ, ಶಾಮ್ ಬುಕ್ಕ ಝನ್ಸ್ಕಾರ್. ಲೇಹ್ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ಸಿಂಧು, ಶ್ಯೋಕ್ ಬುಕ್ಕ ನುಬ್ರಾ ತುದೆತ ಕಣಿವೆಲು ಉಲ್ಲ. ಅಂಚನೆ ಕಾರ್ಗಿಲ್ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ಸುರು, ದ್ರಾಸ್ ಬುಕ್ಕ ಝಾನ್ಸ್ಕರ್ ತುದೆತ ಕಣಿವೆಲು ಉಲ್ಲ. ಎಚ್ಚ ಜನಕುಲು ಈ ತುದೆತ ಕಣಿವೆ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊಡು ವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಆಂಡಲಾ ಕೈತಲ್ದ ಪರ್ವತದ ಮುದೆಲ್‌ಡ್ ಪಶುಪಾಲಕ ಜನಾಂಗವಾಯಿನ ಚಾಂಗ್‌ಪಾ ಅಲೆಮಾರಿ ಜನಕುಲು ವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಟಿಬೆಟ್ ಲಡಾಖ್‌ಗ್ ಕೈತಲ್ ಇತ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾತ್ರ, ಲಡಾಖ್‌ದ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಆಚಾರ ವಿಚಾರೊಲೆಡ್ ಟಿಬೆಟ್‌ದ ಪ್ರಬಾವ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉಂಡು.<ref name="culturetib">{{cite news |last1=Pile |first1=Tim |title=Ladakh: the good, bad and ugly sides to India's 'Little Tibet', high in the Himalayas |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/travel/article/3020805/ladakh-good-bad-and-ugly-sides-indias-little-tibet |newspaper=South Chinan Morning Post |date=1 August 2019 |id={{ProQuest|2267352786}} |access-date=17 June 2020 |archive-date=18 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618131904/https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/travel/article/3020805/ladakh-good-bad-and-ugly-sides-indias-little-tibet |url-status=live }}</ref> ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಲಡಾಖ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಯಕಟ್ಟ್‌ದ ಜಾಗೆ ಆಯಿನೇಡ್ದಾವರ ನಮ ದೇಸೊದ ಸೇನೆ ಮುಲ್ಪ ತನ್ನ ನಿಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಉಂಡು. ==ಪುದರ್== ==ಇತಿಹಾಸೊ== ==ಹವಾಮಾನೊ== ==ಜನಸಂಕ್ಯಾಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೊ= ==ಆರ್ಥಿಕತೆ== ==ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು== {{reflist}} {{stub}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಭಾರತೊದ ಕೇಂದ್ರಾಡಳಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊಲು]] 98wgb5zdaq45d5ucyixpmzx045h19h5 366745 366744 2026-08-23T16:05:56Z Mahaveer Indra 1023 /* =ಜನಸಂಕ್ಯಾಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೊ */ 366745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{under construction}} '''ಲಡಾಖ್''' ನಮ ದೇಸೊದ ಒಂಜಿ [[ಕೇಂದ್ರಾಡಳಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊಲು|ಕೇಂದ್ರಾಡಳಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶ]].<ref name=ladakh-britannica-current>{{citation |chapter=Ladakh |title=Encyclopaedia Britannica |date=1 March 2021 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica |chapter-url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ladakh |access-date=2 April 2022 |quote=Ladakh, large area of the northern and eastern Kashmir region, northwestern Indian subcontinent. Administratively, Ladakh is divided between Pakistan (northwest), as part of Gilgit-Baltistan, and India (southeast), as part of Ladakh union territory (until October 31, 2019, part of Jammu and Kashmir state); in addition, China administers portions of northeastern Ladakh. |archive-date=7 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407153837/https://www.britannica.com/place/Ladakh |url-status=live }}</ref> ಇಂದೆತ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ [[ಲೇಹ್]]. ಅತ್ತಂದೆ [[ಕಾರ್ಗಿಲ್‌]]ಲಾ ಜೋಡಿ ರಾಜದಾನಿ ಆದ್ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು. ಲಡಾಖ್ ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಮೂಡಾಯಿ ಬಾಗೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಲಡಾಖ್‌ದ ಮೂಡಾಯಿಡ್ [[ಟಿಬೆಟ್]],<ref>{{cite website|title=China [cartographic material]|url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/136381|publisher=UN|date=November 1986|access-date=2026-01-31|work=UN. Geospatial Information Section}}</ref> ತೆಂಕಾಯಿಡ್ [[ಹಿಮಾಚಲ ಪ್ರದೇಶ]], ಪಡ್ಡಾಯಿಡ್ ಭಾರತದ ಆಡಳಿತೊಡುಪ್ಪುನ [[ಜಮ್ಮು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರ (ಕೇಂದ್ರಾಡಳಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊ)|ಜಮ್ಮು-ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರ]] ಬುಕ್ಕ ಪಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನದ ಆಡಳಿತೊಡುಪ್ಪುನ ಗಿಲ್ಗಿಟ್-ಬಾಲ್ಟಿಸ್ತಾನ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ಬಡಕಾಯಿಡ್ ಕಾರಕೋರಂ ಪಾಸ್‌ದ ಅಂಚಿಡ್ ಕ್ಸಿನ್‌ಜಿಯಾಂಗ್‌ದ ನೈರುತ್ಯ ಮೂಲೆ ಗಡಿಯಾದುಂಡು.<ref>{{harvp|Jina, Ladakh|1996}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/south_asia/03/kashmir_future/html |title=In Depth – Kashmir Flashpoint, Kashmir options. Maps showing the options and pitfalls of possible solutions |work=[[BBC News]] |date=19 May 2011 |access-date=16 April 2013 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129190211/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/south_asia/2002/kashmir_flashpoint/default.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> ಲಡಾಖ್ ಬಡೆಕಾಯಿದ ಕಾರಕೋರಂ ಶ್ರೇಣಿದ ಸಿಯಾಚಿನ್ ಹಿಮನದಿಡ್ದ್ ತೆಂಕಾಯಿದ ಹಿಮಾಲಯ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಪರಡ್‌ದ್ ಉಂಡು. ಜನವಸತಿ ಇಜ್ಜಂದಿನ ಅಕ್ಸಾಯ್ ಚಿನ್ ಮೈದಾನೊ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮೂಡಾಯಿದ ಅಕೇರಿನ್, ಭಾರತ ಸರ್ಕಾರ ಲಡಾಖ್‌ದ ಬಾಗೊ ಪಂಡ್‌ದ್ ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. ಆಂಡ ಉಂದು ೧೯೬೨ಡ್ದಿಂಚಿ ಚೀನಾದ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಣೊಡು ಉಂಡು.<ref name="Columbia Gazetteer">{{cite book |title=The Columbia Gazetteer of the World |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-231-14554-1 |editor=[[Saul B. Cohen]] |edition=2nd |volume=1 |location=[[New York City|New York]] |page=52 |chapter=Aksai Chin |lccn=2008009181 |oclc=212893637 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/columbiagazettee0000unse_l7h3/page/52}} "divided between India and CHINA"</ref> ಲಡಾಖ್‌ದ ಮಾಮಲ್ಲ ಪೇಂಟೆ ಲೇಹ್. ಲಡಾಖ್‌ಡ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ೭ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಲು ಉಲ್ಲ. ಅವು- ಚಾಂಗ್‌ತಾಂಗ್, ದ್ರಾಸ್, ಕಾರ್ಗಿಲ್, ಲೇಹ್, ನುಬ್ರಾ, ಶಾಮ್ ಬುಕ್ಕ ಝನ್ಸ್ಕಾರ್. ಲೇಹ್ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ಸಿಂಧು, ಶ್ಯೋಕ್ ಬುಕ್ಕ ನುಬ್ರಾ ತುದೆತ ಕಣಿವೆಲು ಉಲ್ಲ. ಅಂಚನೆ ಕಾರ್ಗಿಲ್ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ಸುರು, ದ್ರಾಸ್ ಬುಕ್ಕ ಝಾನ್ಸ್ಕರ್ ತುದೆತ ಕಣಿವೆಲು ಉಲ್ಲ. ಎಚ್ಚ ಜನಕುಲು ಈ ತುದೆತ ಕಣಿವೆ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊಡು ವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಆಂಡಲಾ ಕೈತಲ್ದ ಪರ್ವತದ ಮುದೆಲ್‌ಡ್ ಪಶುಪಾಲಕ ಜನಾಂಗವಾಯಿನ ಚಾಂಗ್‌ಪಾ ಅಲೆಮಾರಿ ಜನಕುಲು ವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಟಿಬೆಟ್ ಲಡಾಖ್‌ಗ್ ಕೈತಲ್ ಇತ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾತ್ರ, ಲಡಾಖ್‌ದ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಆಚಾರ ವಿಚಾರೊಲೆಡ್ ಟಿಬೆಟ್‌ದ ಪ್ರಬಾವ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉಂಡು.<ref name="culturetib">{{cite news |last1=Pile |first1=Tim |title=Ladakh: the good, bad and ugly sides to India's 'Little Tibet', high in the Himalayas |url=https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/travel/article/3020805/ladakh-good-bad-and-ugly-sides-indias-little-tibet |newspaper=South Chinan Morning Post |date=1 August 2019 |id={{ProQuest|2267352786}} |access-date=17 June 2020 |archive-date=18 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618131904/https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/travel/article/3020805/ladakh-good-bad-and-ugly-sides-indias-little-tibet |url-status=live }}</ref> ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಲಡಾಖ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಯಕಟ್ಟ್‌ದ ಜಾಗೆ ಆಯಿನೇಡ್ದಾವರ ನಮ ದೇಸೊದ ಸೇನೆ ಮುಲ್ಪ ತನ್ನ ನಿಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತ್‌ದ್ ಉಂಡು. ==ಪುದರ್== ==ಇತಿಹಾಸೊ== ==ಹವಾಮಾನೊ== ==ಜನಸಂಕ್ಯಾಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೊ== ==ಆರ್ಥಿಕತೆ== ==ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು== {{reflist}} {{stub}} [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಭಾರತೊದ ಕೇಂದ್ರಾಡಳಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊಲು]] tkttji1l9bxo4t8gbbu433v4r3of5b9 14 28138 366627 2026-08-23T13:07:48Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 ಹೊಸ ಪುಟ: ಉಂದೊಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ವರ್ಗೊ 366627 wikitext text/x-wiki ಉಂದೊಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ವರ್ಗೊ 0ywpk6sean3xroz8igetlhy9us3tueq 0 28139 366631 2026-08-23T13:22:53Z Pragathi. BH 6361 "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344140075|St. Cyril's Monastery, Kyiv]]" ಪುಟವನ್ನು ಅನುವಾದಿಸುವುದರಿಂದ ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಸಲಾಯಿತು 366631 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠ''' ( Ukrainian ) ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದೇಶದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಕೀವ್ ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ಮಠ. ಈ ಮಠೊಟು ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು 12ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ ನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾದರಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ 17ನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 19ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಅಂಶೊಲೆನ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ಸೇರಾದ್ ಉಂಡು.ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಪಿದಾಯಿಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿದ ಪ್ರಭಾವ ತೋಜಿದ್ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. 17ನೇ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 19ನೇ ಶತಮಾನಡ್ ನೆಕ್ ಕೆಲವು ಬದಲಾವಣೆಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆಲು ಆಂಡ್. ಆಂಡ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಾಯಿದ ಭಾಗ ಮೂಲ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ ಕಾಲೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಲಾತ್ಮಕ ವೈಶಿಷ್ಟ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ದಿಂಜಮಟ್ಟ್ ಗ್ ಒರಿಪಾದ್ಂಡ್. == ಚರಿತ್ರೆ == ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠೊನು 1140ಡ್ ಚೆರ್ನಿಗೊವ್ ನ ಕ್ನಿಯಾಜ್' ( ''ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ'' ) ವ್ಸೆವೊಲೊಡ್ ಒಲ್ಗೊವಿಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ದ ಡೊರೊಹೊಜಿಚಿ ನೆರೆಹೊರೆಟ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅರೆನ ಧರ್ಮ ರಕ್ಷಕೆ,ಆಯಿನ ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡ್ರಿಯಾದ ಸಿರಿಲ್ ನ ಪುದರ್ ನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. <ref name="Touring Kyiv">{{Cite book |last=Malikenaite |first=Ruta |title=Guildebook: Touring Kyiv |publisher=Baltia Druk |year=2003 |isbn=966-96041-3-3 |location=Kyiv}}</ref> ೧೨ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ದ್ವಿತೀಯಾರ್ಧೊಡು, ವ್ಸೆವೊಲೊಡ್ ನ ವಿಧವೆ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರಿ ಮಾರಿಯಾ, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ ನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಒಲ್ಗೊವಿಚಿ ಕುಟುಂಬೊದ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಸ್ಥಳೊ ಆದ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Touring Kyiv" /> 1734ಡ್ ಈ ಮಠೊಗು ಭಾರಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಅಗ್ನಿ ಅವಘಡೊಗು ಒಳಗಾಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದೆನ್ 1750-1760ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಹ್ರೈಹೊರೊವಿಚ್-ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಮಠೊತ ಆವರಣೊನು ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಕಲ್ಲುದ ಗೋಡೆಲೆನ್, ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊರ್ಲುದ ಮೂಲೆ ಗೋಪುರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದ್ವಾರೊನು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಮಠೊತ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆನ್ ಸೇರಾವುನವುಲಾ ಅರೆನ ಬೇಲೆಡ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್ಂಡ್. ೧೭೮೭ಡ್, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠೊನು ಝಾರ್ ಸರ್ಕಾರ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಂಡ್. ಮಠೊತ ಜಾಗೆಲೆನ್ ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆ ಆದ್ ಪರಿವರ್ತಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಐನ್ ಮಾನಸಿಕ ಆರೋಗ್ಯ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಆಶ್ರಯೊಗು ಪರಿವರ್ತಿಸಯೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮಧ್ಯ-ಅಂತ್ಯೊಗು ಮುಟ್ಟ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv">{{Cite book |last=Hewryk |first=Titus D. |url=http://oldkyiv.kiev.ua/index2.htm |title=The Lost Architecture of Kiev |publisher=The Ukrainian Museum |year=1982 |location=New York |id=ASIN: B0006E9KPQ}} (''Out of print'')</ref> ಮೇ ೮, ೧೯೨೯ಡ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ದ ಕಮಿಷರ್ಸ್ ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠೊನು ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮಹತ್ವೊದ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಘೋಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ "ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ"ನ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಆದೇಶ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು. <ref name="Mistetstvo">{{Cite book |last=Fedchenko |first=Alla Mikhailovna |title=St. Cyril's Church |publisher=Mistetstvo |year=1977 |location=Kyiv}}</ref> ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಅವೇ ಸಮಯೊಡು, ಮಠೊತ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಡ್ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಆರಾಧನೆನ್ ಉಂತಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೊಗು ಪರಿವರ್ತನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ತಯಾರ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಮಠೊತ ಗಂಟೆ ಗೋಪುರೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಹ್ರೈಹೊರೊವಿಚ್-ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿಗ್ ಸಮರ್ಪಿತವಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಉಪ್ಪೊಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಅಂದಾಜ್ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬೇತೆ ರಾಜ್ಯ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಸೇಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊನು ಪಿಪಲ್ಸ್ ಕಮಿಷರಿಯಟ್ ಆಫ್ ಎಜುಕೇಶನ್ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. 1936ತ ಜೂನ್‌ಡು, ವರ್ಖೋವ್ನಾ ರಾಡಾ ಅಂಗೀಕರಿಸಾಯಿನ ಕಾನೂನುದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಸೇಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ ಮಠೊತ ಕಟ್ಟಡಲೆನ್ ಧ್ವಂಸ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಆಯುಕ್ತಾಲಯದ ಅನುಮತಿ ಅಗತ್ಯ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ ಸ್ಟೇಟ್ ಪ್ರಿಸರ್ವೇಶನ್ ಡಿಸ್ಟ್ರಿಕ್ಟ್ ದ ಮಾಜಿ ಕ್ಯುರೇಟರ್ ನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಗೋಡೆಲು, ಗೇಟ್ ಲು, ಒಂಜಿ ಮೂಲೆದ ಗೋಪುರ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿನ್ 1937ಡ್ ಅಯಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆದ ಸಾಮಗ್ರಿಲೆಗ್ ಕೆತ್ತುದು ಪಾಡಿಯೆರ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಮಧ್ಯಯುಗದ ಒಳಾಂಗಣ ಫ್ರೆಸ್ಕೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ವರ್ಣಚಿತ್ರಕಾರೆ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ವ್ರುಬೆಲ್ ನ 1880 ದಶಕದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ಸೇರಾದ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ್ ಅದೃಷ್ಟವಶಾತ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಒರಿಯಿನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಲು, ಒರಿಯಿನ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಗೋಡೆಲು, ಒಂಜಿ ಮೂಲೆದ ಗೋಪುರ ( ''ಚಿತ್ರೊನು ತೂಲೆ'' ), ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆನ್ ಲಾ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಮಠೊತ ಸ್ಮಶಾನೊಡು, 18ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗೋರಿಲು ಮಾತ್ರ ಉಂಡು. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ೧೯೬೫ಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯ "ಸೋಫಿಯಾ ಆಫ್ ಕೀವ್" ದ ಒಂಜಿ ಶಾಖೆ ಆಂಡ್, ಉಂದೆತ ಮೂಲಕ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆಲೆನ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಅನುವು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sophia.org.ua/rus/kirilivskay3.html|title=Kirillovskaya tserkov|accessdate=January 7, 2007|last=Zhukovsky A|website=Sophia Kyivska|language=ru|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703150725/http://www.sophia.org.ua/rus/kirilivskay3.html|archivedate=2007-07-03}}</ref> ೧೯೯೦ ದಶಕೊದ ಉತ್ತರಾರ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ರಚನೆದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ನಿಯಮಿತ ಸೇವೆಲೆನ್ ನಡಪಾಯೆರೆ ಅನುಮತಿ ಕೊರ್ಯೆರ್. ಜೂನ್ ೧೪, ೨೦೧೧ಡ್, ಫಿರ್ಗಜ್ ನ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠೊಕು ಪರಿವರ್ತಿಸಯೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-08-14|title=Журнали засідання Священного Синоду Української Православної Церкви від 14 червня 2011 року {{!}} УКРАЇНСЬКА ПРАВОСЛАВНА ЦЕРКВА|url=http://orthodox.org.ua/article/zhurnali-zas%D1%96dannya-svyashchennogo-sinodu-ukra%D1%97nsko%D1%97-pravoslavno%D1%97-tserkvi-v%D1%96d-14-chervnya-20|accessdate=2023-12-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814145558/http://orthodox.org.ua/article/zhurnali-zas%D1%96dannya-svyashchennogo-sinodu-ukra%D1%97nsko%D1%97-pravoslavno%D1%97-tserkvi-v%D1%96d-14-chervnya-20|archivedate=2014-08-14}}</ref> == ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲು == [[ಫೈಲ್:Кирилівська_церква_Фасад.jpg|left|thumb|225x225px| ಬೆಂಕಿ ನಂತರದ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ನಂತರ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ ಬರೋಕ್-ಪ್ರಭಾವಿತ ದ್ವಾರ]] === ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ === ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ( Ukrainian , ಲಿಪ್ಯಂತರ. ''ಕಿರಿಲಿವ್ಸ್'ಕಾ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾ'' ) ಪಂಡ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಯತಾಕಾರದ ರಚನೆ, ಉಂದೆತ ಮೂಜಿ ಆಪ್ಸೆಸ್ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಉಬ್ಬುದು ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಮಾನುಲು ಆರು ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಆಕಾರದ ಕಂಬೊಲೆನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಆಧಾರಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗೊದ ಗೋಡೆಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟ್ ನ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗೊದ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗ್ ಪೋಪುಂಡು. ಈ ಕಡೆಟ್ ಒಂಜಿ‌ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆದ (ಚಾಪೆಲ್)ಕೋಣೆಲಾ ಉಂಡು - ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಕೀವಾನ್ ರಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆನ ಅಪರೂಪದ ಲಕ್ಷಣ. <ref name="Mistetstvo" /> ಬ್ಯಾಪ್ಟಿಸ್ಟರಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಾರ್ಥೆಕ್ಸ್ ದ ಗೂಡುಲು ಬೇತೆ ಅಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಲಕ್ಷಣೊಲು. ಮೂಲತಃ, ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಕಮಾನುಲೆನ್ ಶೀಟ್ ಸ್ಟೀಲ್ ದ ಫಲಕೊಲೆಡ್ ಛಾವಣಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಶತಮಾನೊಲೆಡ್ದ್, ಚರ್ಚ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಸರ್ತಿ ಶತ್ರುಲೆನ ದಾಳಿಗ್ ಗುರಿಯಾಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1734ಡ್ ನಡತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಯಾನಕ ಸೂತ ಅವಘಡೊರ್ದು ಕಷ್ಟೊಗು ಗುರಿಯಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸರ್ತಿ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಿರರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅಯಿತ ಮೂಲ ರೂಪೊನು ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ನ ಸಮಕಾಲೀನ ಮಿತಿಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನೆರ್ದಾತ್ರ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ 20ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಗು ಏರ್ಲಾ ಮಲ್ಲ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆ ಇಜ್ಜಂದಿನ ಒಂಜೇ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ರಚನೆ ಆದುಂಡು. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಇತ್ತೆದ ಪಿದಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊನು 1750-1760 ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಹ್ರೈಹೊರೊವಿಚ್-ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರದ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆಡ್ ಆಕಾರೊಗು ತೂಯೆರ್. ಪಿದಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬ್ಯಾರೊಕ್ ದ ಅಂಶೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡಲಾ, ಒಳಾಂಗಣೊಡು ಅಯಿತ ಮೂಲ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ದ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಆಯಿಜಿ. === ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ === ಇವಾನ್ ಹ್ರೈಹೊರೊವಿಚ್-ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮಠೊತ ಉಲಾಯಿ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಡ್, ಅರೆನ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ 1760ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರವಾದ್ ನಿಲೆಯಾತಿನ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ .<ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಡು ತಿರ್ತ ಮಟ್ಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಗೇಟ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿದ ರಡ್ಡನೆ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ನ್ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆದ ಮಂದಿರ ಒಟ್ಟು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿದ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಕೆಳಮಟ್ಟೊಲೆಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ತ್ರಿಪಕ್ಷೀಯ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಕೆಲವು ಅಂಶೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಬೆಲ್ಟವರ್ ನ್ ನೇವ್ ದ ಮಧ್ಯ ಭಾಗೊದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದೀತೆರ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಈ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಂಯೋಜನೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿಡ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಆಪ್ಸ್ ಲೆಕೊದ ಕೆಳಮಟ್ಟೊದ ಅಂಶೊಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರತಿ ಬರಿಟ್ ದೀದ್  . ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿದ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮೂಲ ಛಾವಣಿ ಒಂಜಿ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು-ಹಿಪ್ಡ್ ಛಾವಣಿ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಉಂದು ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಜನಪ್ರಿಯವಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ೧೮೪೯ದ ಸೂತ ಅವಘಡೊರ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕುಪೊಲಾದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಛಾವಣಿಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲೊಡ್ದ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೯೩೬ಡ್ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿನ್ ಕೆತ್ತುನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ನ ನಿರ್ಧಾರೊರ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಂಜಿ ವರ್ಷೊಡ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೇತೆ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಯೋಜನೆಲೆಗ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆಲೆನ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://www.facebook.com/Kyrylivska ಅಧಿಕೃತ ಫೇಸ್ಬುಕ್ ಪುಟ] (in Ukrainian) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110719142408/http://www.oldkyiv.org.ua/data/kirill_ch.php?lang=en ಕೀವ್ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ತಾಣ] - ಸೈಂಟ್ ಕಿರಿಲ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ * * * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070522200233/http://www.sophia.org.ua/rus/kirilivskay.html ಸೋಫಿಯಾ ಕೀವ್ಸ್ಕಾ] - ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಪುಟೊಡ್ದ್ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಫೋಟೋ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿ. (in Ukrainian and Russian) * [https://uartlib.org/kyiv/kyiv-la-iglesia-de-san-cirilo-kyev-kyryllovskaya-tserkov/] ಕೀವ್. ಲಾ ಇಗ್ಲೆಸಿಯಾ ಡಿ ಸ್ಯಾನ್ ಸಿರಿಲೊ. ಕೀವ್. ಕಿರಿಲ್ಲೋವ್ಸ್ಕಾ ಸರ್ಕೋವಿ. ಕಿїв, ಮಿстецಟ್ವೊ, ೧೯೬೮. 62hawgxoqbhgr8hfm5kk762jodzmrhz 366633 366631 2026-08-23T13:24:55Z Pragathi. BH 6361 366633 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠ''' ( Ukrainian ) ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದೇಶದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಕೀವ್ ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ಮಠ. ಈ ಮಠೊಟು ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು 12ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ ನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾದರಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ 17ನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 19ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಅಂಶೊಲೆನ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ಸೇರಾದ್ ಉಂಡು.ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಪಿದಾಯಿಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿದ ಪ್ರಭಾವ ತೋಜಿದ್ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. 17ನೇ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 19ನೇ ಶತಮಾನಡ್ ನೆಕ್ ಕೆಲವು ಬದಲಾವಣೆಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆಲು ಆಂಡ್. ಆಂಡ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಾಯಿದ ಭಾಗ ಮೂಲ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ ಕಾಲೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಲಾತ್ಮಕ ವೈಶಿಷ್ಟ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ದಿಂಜಮಟ್ಟ್ ಗ್ ಒರಿಪಾದ್ಂಡ್. == ಚರಿತ್ರೆ == ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠೊನು 1140ಡ್ ಚೆರ್ನಿಗೊವ್ ನ ಕ್ನಿಯಾಜ್' ( ''ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ'' ) ವ್ಸೆವೊಲೊಡ್ ಒಲ್ಗೊವಿಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ದ ಡೊರೊಹೊಜಿಚಿ ನೆರೆಹೊರೆಟ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅರೆನ ಧರ್ಮ ರಕ್ಷಕೆ,ಆಯಿನ ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡ್ರಿಯಾದ ಸಿರಿಲ್ ನ ಪುದರ್ ನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. <ref name="Touring Kyiv">{{Cite book |last=Malikenaite |first=Ruta |title=Guildebook: Touring Kyiv |publisher=Baltia Druk |year=2003 |isbn=966-96041-3-3 |location=Kyiv}}</ref> ೧೨ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ದ್ವಿತೀಯಾರ್ಧೊಡು, ವ್ಸೆವೊಲೊಡ್ ನ ವಿಧವೆ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರಿ ಮಾರಿಯಾ, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ ನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಒಲ್ಗೊವಿಚಿ ಕುಟುಂಬೊದ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಸ್ಥಳೊ ಆದ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Touring Kyiv" /> 1734ಡ್ ಈ ಮಠೊಗು ಭಾರಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಅಗ್ನಿ ಅವಘಡೊಗು ಒಳಗಾಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದೆನ್ 1750-1760ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಹ್ರೈಹೊರೊವಿಚ್-ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಮಠೊತ ಆವರಣೊನು ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಕಲ್ಲುದ ಗೋಡೆಲೆನ್, ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊರ್ಲುದ ಮೂಲೆ ಗೋಪುರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದ್ವಾರೊನು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಮಠೊತ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆನ್ ಸೇರಾವುನವುಲಾ ಅರೆನ ಬೇಲೆಡ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್ಂಡ್. ೧೭೮೭ಡ್, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠೊನು ಝಾರ್ ಸರ್ಕಾರ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಂಡ್. ಮಠೊತ ಜಾಗೆಲೆನ್ ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆ ಆದ್ ಪರಿವರ್ತಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಐನ್ ಮಾನಸಿಕ ಆರೋಗ್ಯ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಆಶ್ರಯೊಗು ಪರಿವರ್ತಿಸಯೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮಧ್ಯ-ಅಂತ್ಯೊಗು ಮುಟ್ಟ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv">{{Cite book |last=Hewryk |first=Titus D. |url=http://oldkyiv.kiev.ua/index2.htm |title=The Lost Architecture of Kiev |publisher=The Ukrainian Museum |year=1982 |location=New York |id=ASIN: B0006E9KPQ}} (''Out of print'')</ref> ಮೇ ೮, ೧೯೨೯ಡ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ದ ಕಮಿಷರ್ಸ್ ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠೊನು ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮಹತ್ವೊದ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಘೋಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ "ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ"ನ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಆದೇಶ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು. <ref name="Mistetstvo">{{Cite book |last=Fedchenko |first=Alla Mikhailovna |title=St. Cyril's Church |publisher=Mistetstvo |year=1977 |location=Kyiv}}</ref> ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಅವೇ ಸಮಯೊಡು, ಮಠೊತ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಡ್ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಆರಾಧನೆನ್ ಉಂತಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೊಗು ಪರಿವರ್ತನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ತಯಾರ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಮಠೊತ ಗಂಟೆ ಗೋಪುರೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಹ್ರೈಹೊರೊವಿಚ್-ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿಗ್ ಸಮರ್ಪಿತವಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಉಪ್ಪೊಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಅಂದಾಜ್ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬೇತೆ ರಾಜ್ಯ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಸೇಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊನು ಪಿಪಲ್ಸ್ ಕಮಿಷರಿಯಟ್ ಆಫ್ ಎಜುಕೇಶನ್ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. 1936ತ ಜೂನ್‌ಡು, ವರ್ಖೋವ್ನಾ ರಾಡಾ ಅಂಗೀಕರಿಸಾಯಿನ ಕಾನೂನುದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಸೇಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ ಮಠೊತ ಕಟ್ಟಡಲೆನ್ ಧ್ವಂಸ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಆಯುಕ್ತಾಲಯದ ಅನುಮತಿ ಅಗತ್ಯ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ ಸ್ಟೇಟ್ ಪ್ರಿಸರ್ವೇಶನ್ ಡಿಸ್ಟ್ರಿಕ್ಟ್ ದ ಮಾಜಿ ಕ್ಯುರೇಟರ್ ನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಗೋಡೆಲು, ಗೇಟ್ ಲು, ಒಂಜಿ ಮೂಲೆದ ಗೋಪುರ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿನ್ 1937ಡ್ ಅಯಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆದ ಸಾಮಗ್ರಿಲೆಗ್ ಕೆತ್ತುದು ಪಾಡಿಯೆರ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಮಧ್ಯಯುಗದ ಒಳಾಂಗಣ ಫ್ರೆಸ್ಕೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ವರ್ಣಚಿತ್ರಕಾರೆ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ವ್ರುಬೆಲ್ ನ 1880 ದಶಕದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ಸೇರಾದ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ್ ಅದೃಷ್ಟವಶಾತ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಒರಿಯಿನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಲು, ಒರಿಯಿನ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಗೋಡೆಲು, ಒಂಜಿ ಮೂಲೆದ ಗೋಪುರ ( ''ಚಿತ್ರೊನು ತೂಲೆ'' ), ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆನ್ ಲಾ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಮಠೊತ ಸ್ಮಶಾನೊಡು, 18ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗೋರಿಲು ಮಾತ್ರ ಉಂಡು. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ೧೯೬೫ಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯ "ಸೋಫಿಯಾ ಆಫ್ ಕೀವ್" ದ ಒಂಜಿ ಶಾಖೆ ಆಂಡ್, ಉಂದೆತ ಮೂಲಕ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆಲೆನ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಅನುವು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sophia.org.ua/rus/kirilivskay3.html|title=Kirillovskaya tserkov|accessdate=January 7, 2007|last=Zhukovsky A|website=Sophia Kyivska|language=ru|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703150725/http://www.sophia.org.ua/rus/kirilivskay3.html|archivedate=2007-07-03}}</ref> ೧೯೯೦ ದಶಕೊದ ಉತ್ತರಾರ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ರಚನೆದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ನಿಯಮಿತ ಸೇವೆಲೆನ್ ನಡಪಾಯೆರೆ ಅನುಮತಿ ಕೊರ್ಯೆರ್. ಜೂನ್ ೧೪, ೨೦೧೧ಡ್, ಫಿರ್ಗಜ್ ನ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠೊಕು ಪರಿವರ್ತಿಸಯೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-08-14|title=Журнали засідання Священного Синоду Української Православної Церкви від 14 червня 2011 року {{!}} УКРАЇНСЬКА ПРАВОСЛАВНА ЦЕРКВА|url=http://orthodox.org.ua/article/zhurnali-zas%D1%96dannya-svyashchennogo-sinodu-ukra%D1%97nsko%D1%97-pravoslavno%D1%97-tserkvi-v%D1%96d-14-chervnya-20|accessdate=2023-12-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814145558/http://orthodox.org.ua/article/zhurnali-zas%D1%96dannya-svyashchennogo-sinodu-ukra%D1%97nsko%D1%97-pravoslavno%D1%97-tserkvi-v%D1%96d-14-chervnya-20|archivedate=2014-08-14}}</ref> == ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲು == [[ಫೈಲ್:Кирилівська_церква_Фасад.jpg|left|thumb|225x225px| ಬೆಂಕಿ ನಂತರದ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ನಂತರ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ ಬರೋಕ್-ಪ್ರಭಾವಿತ ದ್ವಾರ]] === ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ === ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ( Ukrainian , ಲಿಪ್ಯಂತರ. ''ಕಿರಿಲಿವ್ಸ್'ಕಾ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾ'' ) ಪಂಡ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಯತಾಕಾರದ ರಚನೆ, ಉಂದೆತ ಮೂಜಿ ಆಪ್ಸೆಸ್ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಉಬ್ಬುದು ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಮಾನುಲು ಆರು ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಆಕಾರದ ಕಂಬೊಲೆನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಆಧಾರಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗೊದ ಗೋಡೆಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟ್ ನ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗೊದ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗ್ ಪೋಪುಂಡು. ಈ ಕಡೆಟ್ ಒಂಜಿ‌ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆದ (ಚಾಪೆಲ್)ಕೋಣೆಲಾ ಉಂಡು - ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಕೀವಾನ್ ರಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆನ ಅಪರೂಪದ ಲಕ್ಷಣ. <ref name="Mistetstvo" /> ಬ್ಯಾಪ್ಟಿಸ್ಟರಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಾರ್ಥೆಕ್ಸ್ ದ ಗೂಡುಲು ಬೇತೆ ಅಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಲಕ್ಷಣೊಲು. ಮೂಲತಃ, ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಕಮಾನುಲೆನ್ ಶೀಟ್ ಸ್ಟೀಲ್ ದ ಫಲಕೊಲೆಡ್ ಛಾವಣಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಶತಮಾನೊಲೆಡ್ದ್, ಚರ್ಚ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಸರ್ತಿ ಶತ್ರುಲೆನ ದಾಳಿಗ್ ಗುರಿಯಾಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1734ಡ್ ನಡತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಯಾನಕ ಸೂತ ಅವಘಡೊರ್ದು ಕಷ್ಟೊಗು ಗುರಿಯಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸರ್ತಿ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಿರರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅಯಿತ ಮೂಲ ರೂಪೊನು ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ನ ಸಮಕಾಲೀನ ಮಿತಿಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನೆರ್ದಾತ್ರ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ 20ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಗು ಏರ್ಲಾ ಮಲ್ಲ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆ ಇಜ್ಜಂದಿನ ಒಂಜೇ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ರಚನೆ ಆದುಂಡು. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಇತ್ತೆದ ಪಿದಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊನು 1750-1760 ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಹ್ರೈಹೊರೊವಿಚ್-ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರದ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆಡ್ ಆಕಾರೊಗು ತೂಯೆರ್. ಪಿದಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬ್ಯಾರೊಕ್ ದ ಅಂಶೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡಲಾ, ಒಳಾಂಗಣೊಡು ಅಯಿತ ಮೂಲ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ದ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಆಯಿಜಿ. === ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ === ಇವಾನ್ ಹ್ರೈಹೊರೊವಿಚ್-ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮಠೊತ ಉಲಾಯಿ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಡ್, ಅರೆನ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ 1760ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರವಾದ್ ನಿಲೆಯಾತಿನ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ .<ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಡು ತಿರ್ತ ಮಟ್ಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಗೇಟ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿದ ರಡ್ಡನೆ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ನ್ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆದ ಮಂದಿರ ಒಟ್ಟು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿದ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಕೆಳಮಟ್ಟೊಲೆಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ತ್ರಿಪಕ್ಷೀಯ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಕೆಲವು ಅಂಶೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಬೆಲ್ಟವರ್ ನ್ ನೇವ್ ದ ಮಧ್ಯ ಭಾಗೊದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದೀತೆರ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಈ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಂಯೋಜನೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿಡ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಆಪ್ಸ್ ಲೆಕೊದ ಕೆಳಮಟ್ಟೊದ ಅಂಶೊಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರತಿ ಬರಿಟ್ ದೀದ್  . ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿದ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮೂಲ ಛಾವಣಿ ಒಂಜಿ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು-ಹಿಪ್ಡ್ ಛಾವಣಿ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಉಂದು ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಜನಪ್ರಿಯವಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ೧೮೪೯ದ ಸೂತ ಅವಘಡೊರ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕುಪೊಲಾದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಛಾವಣಿಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲೊಡ್ದ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೯೩೬ಡ್ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿನ್ ಕೆತ್ತುನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ [[ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಪಾಕಪದ್ಧತಿ|ಉಕ್ರೇನಿ]]ಯನ್ ಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ನ ನಿರ್ಧಾರೊರ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಂಜಿ ವರ್ಷೊಡ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೇತೆ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಯೋಜನೆಲೆಗ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆಲೆನ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://www.facebook.com/Kyrylivska ಅಧಿಕೃತ ಫೇಸ್ಬುಕ್ ಪುಟ] (in Ukrainian) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110719142408/http://www.oldkyiv.org.ua/data/kirill_ch.php?lang=en ಕೀವ್ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ತಾಣ] - ಸೈಂಟ್ ಕಿರಿಲ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ * * * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070522200233/http://www.sophia.org.ua/rus/kirilivskay.html ಸೋಫಿಯಾ ಕೀವ್ಸ್ಕಾ] - ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಪುಟೊಡ್ದ್ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಫೋಟೋ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿ. (in Ukrainian and Russian) * [https://uartlib.org/kyiv/kyiv-la-iglesia-de-san-cirilo-kyev-kyryllovskaya-tserkov/] ಕೀವ್. ಲಾ ಇಗ್ಲೆಸಿಯಾ ಡಿ ಸ್ಯಾನ್ ಸಿರಿಲೊ. ಕೀವ್. ಕಿರಿಲ್ಲೋವ್ಸ್ಕಾ ಸರ್ಕೋವಿ. ಕಿїв, ಮಿстецಟ್ವೊ, ೧೯೬೮. foiw2pvkh0zw13g5ijbxt4myr1kl9bz 366714 366633 2026-08-23T13:30:33Z Pragathi. BH 6361 366714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Eastern Orthodox monastery in Ukraine}} {{Infobox building | name = ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠ | native_name = {{langx|uk|Кирилівський монастир}} | native_name_lang = | logo = | logo_size = | logo_caption = | image = ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠ (Panorama).JPG | image_size = 300px | image_caption = {{small|A panorama of St. Cyril's Monastery before the destruction of its belfry}} | pushpin_map = Ukraine Kyiv##Ukraine Kyiv Oblast#Ukraine | pushpin_relief = 1 | pushpin_label = ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠ | image_map = | map_caption = <!-- location --> | location = ಕೀವ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | address = | location_city = | location_country = {{UKR}} | coordinates = {{coord|50.483091|N|30.471772|E|type:landmark_region:UA|display=it}} <!-- stats -->| former_names = | alternate_names = | etymology = | status = | cancelled = | topped_out = | building_type = | architectural_style = | material = | classification = | altitude = | namesake = | groundbreaking_date = | construction_start_date = | construction_stop_date = | est_completion = | completion_date = | opened_date = | inauguration_date = | closing_date = | demolished_date = | destruction_date = | cost = | ren_cost = | client = | owner = [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)]] | affiliation = | height = | architectural = | structural_system = | size = | floor_count = | floor_area = | elevator_count = | grounds_area = | architect = | architecture_firm = | developer = | engineer = | known_for = | website = | embed = | references = | footnotes = | embedded = {{Infobox historic site |embed = yes |designation1 = UKRAINE NATIONAL |designation1_offname = {{Lang|uk|Кирилівська церква}} (''St.&nbsp;Cyril's Church'') |designation1_type = History, Monumental Art, Architecture |designation1_number = 260072-Н |designation2 = UKRAINE NATIONAL |designation2_offname = {{Lang|uk|Археологічний комплекс Кирилівського монастиря}} (''Archaeological complex of St.&nbsp;Cyril's Monastery'') |designation2_type = Archaeology |designation2_number = 260104}}| mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 16 | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-marker = religious-christian }} '''ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠ''' ( Ukrainian ) ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದೇಶದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಕೀವ್ ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ಮಠ. ಈ ಮಠೊಟು ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು 12ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ ನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾದರಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ 17ನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 19ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಅಂಶೊಲೆನ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ಸೇರಾದ್ ಉಂಡು.ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಪಿದಾಯಿಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿದ ಪ್ರಭಾವ ತೋಜಿದ್ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. 17ನೇ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 19ನೇ ಶತಮಾನಡ್ ನೆಕ್ ಕೆಲವು ಬದಲಾವಣೆಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆಲು ಆಂಡ್. ಆಂಡ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಾಯಿದ ಭಾಗ ಮೂಲ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ ಕಾಲೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಲಾತ್ಮಕ ವೈಶಿಷ್ಟ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ದಿಂಜಮಟ್ಟ್ ಗ್ ಒರಿಪಾದ್ಂಡ್. == ಚರಿತ್ರೆ == ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠೊನು 1140ಡ್ ಚೆರ್ನಿಗೊವ್ ನ ಕ್ನಿಯಾಜ್' ( ''ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ'' ) ವ್ಸೆವೊಲೊಡ್ ಒಲ್ಗೊವಿಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ದ ಡೊರೊಹೊಜಿಚಿ ನೆರೆಹೊರೆಟ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅರೆನ ಧರ್ಮ ರಕ್ಷಕೆ,ಆಯಿನ ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡ್ರಿಯಾದ ಸಿರಿಲ್ ನ ಪುದರ್ ನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. <ref name="Touring Kyiv">{{Cite book |last=Malikenaite |first=Ruta |title=Guildebook: Touring Kyiv |publisher=Baltia Druk |year=2003 |isbn=966-96041-3-3 |location=Kyiv}}</ref> ೧೨ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ದ್ವಿತೀಯಾರ್ಧೊಡು, ವ್ಸೆವೊಲೊಡ್ ನ ವಿಧವೆ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರಿ ಮಾರಿಯಾ, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ ನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಒಲ್ಗೊವಿಚಿ ಕುಟುಂಬೊದ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಸ್ಥಳೊ ಆದ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Touring Kyiv" /> 1734ಡ್ ಈ ಮಠೊಗು ಭಾರಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಅಗ್ನಿ ಅವಘಡೊಗು ಒಳಗಾಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದೆನ್ 1750-1760ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಹ್ರೈಹೊರೊವಿಚ್-ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಮಠೊತ ಆವರಣೊನು ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಕಲ್ಲುದ ಗೋಡೆಲೆನ್, ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊರ್ಲುದ ಮೂಲೆ ಗೋಪುರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದ್ವಾರೊನು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಮಠೊತ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆನ್ ಸೇರಾವುನವುಲಾ ಅರೆನ ಬೇಲೆಡ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್ಂಡ್. ೧೭೮೭ಡ್, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠೊನು ಝಾರ್ ಸರ್ಕಾರ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಂಡ್. ಮಠೊತ ಜಾಗೆಲೆನ್ ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆ ಆದ್ ಪರಿವರ್ತಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಐನ್ ಮಾನಸಿಕ ಆರೋಗ್ಯ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಆಶ್ರಯೊಗು ಪರಿವರ್ತಿಸಯೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮಧ್ಯ-ಅಂತ್ಯೊಗು ಮುಟ್ಟ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv">{{Cite book |last=Hewryk |first=Titus D. |url=http://oldkyiv.kiev.ua/index2.htm |title=The Lost Architecture of Kiev |publisher=The Ukrainian Museum |year=1982 |location=New York |id=ASIN: B0006E9KPQ}} (''Out of print'')</ref> ಮೇ ೮, ೧೯೨೯ಡ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ದ ಕಮಿಷರ್ಸ್ ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠೊನು ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮಹತ್ವೊದ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಘೋಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ "ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ"ನ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಆದೇಶ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು. <ref name="Mistetstvo">{{Cite book |last=Fedchenko |first=Alla Mikhailovna |title=St. Cyril's Church |publisher=Mistetstvo |year=1977 |location=Kyiv}}</ref> ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಅವೇ ಸಮಯೊಡು, ಮಠೊತ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಡ್ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಆರಾಧನೆನ್ ಉಂತಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೊಗು ಪರಿವರ್ತನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ತಯಾರ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಮಠೊತ ಗಂಟೆ ಗೋಪುರೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಹ್ರೈಹೊರೊವಿಚ್-ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿಗ್ ಸಮರ್ಪಿತವಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಉಪ್ಪೊಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಅಂದಾಜ್ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬೇತೆ ರಾಜ್ಯ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಸೇಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊನು ಪಿಪಲ್ಸ್ ಕಮಿಷರಿಯಟ್ ಆಫ್ ಎಜುಕೇಶನ್ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. 1936ತ ಜೂನ್‌ಡು, ವರ್ಖೋವ್ನಾ ರಾಡಾ ಅಂಗೀಕರಿಸಾಯಿನ ಕಾನೂನುದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಸೇಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ ಮಠೊತ ಕಟ್ಟಡಲೆನ್ ಧ್ವಂಸ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಆಯುಕ್ತಾಲಯದ ಅನುಮತಿ ಅಗತ್ಯ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ ಸ್ಟೇಟ್ ಪ್ರಿಸರ್ವೇಶನ್ ಡಿಸ್ಟ್ರಿಕ್ಟ್ ದ ಮಾಜಿ ಕ್ಯುರೇಟರ್ ನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಗೋಡೆಲು, ಗೇಟ್ ಲು, ಒಂಜಿ ಮೂಲೆದ ಗೋಪುರ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿನ್ 1937ಡ್ ಅಯಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆದ ಸಾಮಗ್ರಿಲೆಗ್ ಕೆತ್ತುದು ಪಾಡಿಯೆರ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಮಧ್ಯಯುಗದ ಒಳಾಂಗಣ ಫ್ರೆಸ್ಕೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ವರ್ಣಚಿತ್ರಕಾರೆ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ವ್ರುಬೆಲ್ ನ 1880 ದಶಕದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ಸೇರಾದ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ್ ಅದೃಷ್ಟವಶಾತ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಒರಿಯಿನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಲು, ಒರಿಯಿನ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಗೋಡೆಲು, ಒಂಜಿ ಮೂಲೆದ ಗೋಪುರ ( ''ಚಿತ್ರೊನು ತೂಲೆ'' ), ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆನ್ ಲಾ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಮಠೊತ ಸ್ಮಶಾನೊಡು, 18ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗೋರಿಲು ಮಾತ್ರ ಉಂಡು. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ೧೯೬೫ಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯ "ಸೋಫಿಯಾ ಆಫ್ ಕೀವ್" ದ ಒಂಜಿ ಶಾಖೆ ಆಂಡ್, ಉಂದೆತ ಮೂಲಕ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆಲೆನ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಅನುವು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sophia.org.ua/rus/kirilivskay3.html|title=Kirillovskaya tserkov|accessdate=January 7, 2007|last=Zhukovsky A|website=Sophia Kyivska|language=ru|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703150725/http://www.sophia.org.ua/rus/kirilivskay3.html|archivedate=2007-07-03}}</ref> ೧೯೯೦ ದಶಕೊದ ಉತ್ತರಾರ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ರಚನೆದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ನಿಯಮಿತ ಸೇವೆಲೆನ್ ನಡಪಾಯೆರೆ ಅನುಮತಿ ಕೊರ್ಯೆರ್. ಜೂನ್ ೧೪, ೨೦೧೧ಡ್, ಫಿರ್ಗಜ್ ನ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠೊಕು ಪರಿವರ್ತಿಸಯೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-08-14|title=Журнали засідання Священного Синоду Української Православної Церкви від 14 червня 2011 року {{!}} УКРАЇНСЬКА ПРАВОСЛАВНА ЦЕРКВА|url=http://orthodox.org.ua/article/zhurnali-zas%D1%96dannya-svyashchennogo-sinodu-ukra%D1%97nsko%D1%97-pravoslavno%D1%97-tserkvi-v%D1%96d-14-chervnya-20|accessdate=2023-12-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814145558/http://orthodox.org.ua/article/zhurnali-zas%D1%96dannya-svyashchennogo-sinodu-ukra%D1%97nsko%D1%97-pravoslavno%D1%97-tserkvi-v%D1%96d-14-chervnya-20|archivedate=2014-08-14}}</ref> == ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲು == [[ಫೈಲ್:Кирилівська_церква_Фасад.jpg|left|thumb|225x225px| ಬೆಂಕಿ ನಂತರದ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ನಂತರ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ ಬರೋಕ್-ಪ್ರಭಾವಿತ ದ್ವಾರ]] === ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ === ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ( Ukrainian , ಲಿಪ್ಯಂತರ. ''ಕಿರಿಲಿವ್ಸ್'ಕಾ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾ'' ) ಪಂಡ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಯತಾಕಾರದ ರಚನೆ, ಉಂದೆತ ಮೂಜಿ ಆಪ್ಸೆಸ್ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಉಬ್ಬುದು ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಮಾನುಲು ಆರು ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಆಕಾರದ ಕಂಬೊಲೆನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಆಧಾರಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗೊದ ಗೋಡೆಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟ್ ನ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗೊದ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗ್ ಪೋಪುಂಡು. ಈ ಕಡೆಟ್ ಒಂಜಿ‌ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆದ (ಚಾಪೆಲ್)ಕೋಣೆಲಾ ಉಂಡು - ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಕೀವಾನ್ ರಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆನ ಅಪರೂಪದ ಲಕ್ಷಣ. <ref name="Mistetstvo" /> ಬ್ಯಾಪ್ಟಿಸ್ಟರಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಾರ್ಥೆಕ್ಸ್ ದ ಗೂಡುಲು ಬೇತೆ ಅಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಲಕ್ಷಣೊಲು. ಮೂಲತಃ, ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಕಮಾನುಲೆನ್ ಶೀಟ್ ಸ್ಟೀಲ್ ದ ಫಲಕೊಲೆಡ್ ಛಾವಣಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಶತಮಾನೊಲೆಡ್ದ್, ಚರ್ಚ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಸರ್ತಿ ಶತ್ರುಲೆನ ದಾಳಿಗ್ ಗುರಿಯಾಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1734ಡ್ ನಡತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಯಾನಕ ಸೂತ ಅವಘಡೊರ್ದು ಕಷ್ಟೊಗು ಗುರಿಯಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸರ್ತಿ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಿರರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅಯಿತ ಮೂಲ ರೂಪೊನು ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ನ ಸಮಕಾಲೀನ ಮಿತಿಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನೆರ್ದಾತ್ರ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ 20ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಗು ಏರ್ಲಾ ಮಲ್ಲ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆ ಇಜ್ಜಂದಿನ ಒಂಜೇ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ರಚನೆ ಆದುಂಡು. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಇತ್ತೆದ ಪಿದಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊನು 1750-1760 ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಹ್ರೈಹೊರೊವಿಚ್-ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರದ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆಡ್ ಆಕಾರೊಗು ತೂಯೆರ್. ಪಿದಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬ್ಯಾರೊಕ್ ದ ಅಂಶೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡಲಾ, ಒಳಾಂಗಣೊಡು ಅಯಿತ ಮೂಲ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ದ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಆಯಿಜಿ. === ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ === ಇವಾನ್ ಹ್ರೈಹೊರೊವಿಚ್-ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮಠೊತ ಉಲಾಯಿ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಡ್, ಅರೆನ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ 1760ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರವಾದ್ ನಿಲೆಯಾತಿನ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ .<ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಡು ತಿರ್ತ ಮಟ್ಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಗೇಟ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿದ ರಡ್ಡನೆ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ನ್ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆದ ಮಂದಿರ ಒಟ್ಟು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿದ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಕೆಳಮಟ್ಟೊಲೆಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ತ್ರಿಪಕ್ಷೀಯ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಕೆಲವು ಅಂಶೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಬೆಲ್ಟವರ್ ನ್ ನೇವ್ ದ ಮಧ್ಯ ಭಾಗೊದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದೀತೆರ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಈ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಂಯೋಜನೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿಡ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಆಪ್ಸ್ ಲೆಕೊದ ಕೆಳಮಟ್ಟೊದ ಅಂಶೊಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರತಿ ಬರಿಟ್ ದೀದ್  . ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿದ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮೂಲ ಛಾವಣಿ ಒಂಜಿ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು-ಹಿಪ್ಡ್ ಛಾವಣಿ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಉಂದು ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಜನಪ್ರಿಯವಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ೧೮೪೯ದ ಸೂತ ಅವಘಡೊರ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕುಪೊಲಾದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಛಾವಣಿಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲೊಡ್ದ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೯೩೬ಡ್ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿನ್ ಕೆತ್ತುನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ [[ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಪಾಕಪದ್ಧತಿ|ಉಕ್ರೇನಿ]]ಯನ್ ಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ನ ನಿರ್ಧಾರೊರ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಂಜಿ ವರ್ಷೊಡ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೇತೆ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಯೋಜನೆಲೆಗ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆಲೆನ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://www.facebook.com/Kyrylivska ಅಧಿಕೃತ ಫೇಸ್ಬುಕ್ ಪುಟ] (in Ukrainian) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110719142408/http://www.oldkyiv.org.ua/data/kirill_ch.php?lang=en ಕೀವ್ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ತಾಣ] - ಸೈಂಟ್ ಕಿರಿಲ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ * * * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070522200233/http://www.sophia.org.ua/rus/kirilivskay.html ಸೋಫಿಯಾ ಕೀವ್ಸ್ಕಾ] - ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಪುಟೊಡ್ದ್ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಫೋಟೋ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿ. (in Ukrainian and Russian) * [https://uartlib.org/kyiv/kyiv-la-iglesia-de-san-cirilo-kyev-kyryllovskaya-tserkov/] ಕೀವ್. ಲಾ ಇಗ್ಲೆಸಿಯಾ ಡಿ ಸ್ಯಾನ್ ಸಿರಿಲೊ. ಕೀವ್. ಕಿರಿಲ್ಲೋವ್ಸ್ಕಾ ಸರ್ಕೋವಿ. ಕಿїв, ಮಿстецಟ್ವೊ, ೧೯೬೮. s8caicwazudwmb02snnn3g3sfs1n6bd 366715 366714 2026-08-23T13:31:23Z Pragathi. BH 6361 366715 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Eastern Orthodox monastery in Ukraine}} {{Infobox building | name = ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠ | native_name = {{langx|uk|Кирилівський монастир}} | native_name_lang = | logo = | logo_size = | logo_caption = | image = ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠ (Panorama).JPG | image_size = 300px | image_caption = {{small|A panorama of St. Cyril's Monastery before the destruction of its belfry}} | pushpin_map = Ukraine Kyiv##Ukraine Kyiv Oblast#Ukraine | pushpin_relief = 1 | pushpin_label = ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠ | image_map = | map_caption = | location = ಕೀವ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | address = | location_city = | location_country = {{UKR}} | coordinates = {{coord|50.483091|N|30.471772|E|type:landmark_region:UA|display=it}} <!-- stats -->| former_names = | alternate_names = | etymology = | status = | cancelled = | topped_out = | building_type = | architectural_style = | material = | classification = | altitude = | namesake = | groundbreaking_date = | construction_start_date = | construction_stop_date = | est_completion = | completion_date = | opened_date = | inauguration_date = | closing_date = | demolished_date = | destruction_date = | cost = | ren_cost = | client = | owner = [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)]] | affiliation = | height = | architectural = | structural_system = | size = | floor_count = | floor_area = | elevator_count = | grounds_area = | architect = | architecture_firm = | developer = | engineer = | known_for = | website = | embed = | references = | footnotes = | embedded = {{Infobox historic site |embed = yes |designation1 = UKRAINE NATIONAL |designation1_offname = {{Lang|uk|Кирилівська церква}} (''St.&nbsp;Cyril's Church'') |designation1_type = History, Monumental Art, Architecture |designation1_number = 260072-Н |designation2 = UKRAINE NATIONAL |designation2_offname = {{Lang|uk|Археологічний комплекс Кирилівського монастиря}} (''Archaeological complex of St.&nbsp;Cyril's Monastery'') |designation2_type = Archaeology |designation2_number = 260104}}| mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 16 | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-marker = religious-christian }} '''ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠ''' ( Ukrainian ) ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದೇಶದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಕೀವ್ ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ಮಠ. ಈ ಮಠೊಟು ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು 12ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ ನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾದರಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ 17ನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 19ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಅಂಶೊಲೆನ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ಸೇರಾದ್ ಉಂಡು.ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಪಿದಾಯಿಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿದ ಪ್ರಭಾವ ತೋಜಿದ್ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. 17ನೇ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 19ನೇ ಶತಮಾನಡ್ ನೆಕ್ ಕೆಲವು ಬದಲಾವಣೆಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆಲು ಆಂಡ್. ಆಂಡ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಾಯಿದ ಭಾಗ ಮೂಲ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ ಕಾಲೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಲಾತ್ಮಕ ವೈಶಿಷ್ಟ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ದಿಂಜಮಟ್ಟ್ ಗ್ ಒರಿಪಾದ್ಂಡ್. == ಚರಿತ್ರೆ == ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠೊನು 1140ಡ್ ಚೆರ್ನಿಗೊವ್ ನ ಕ್ನಿಯಾಜ್' ( ''ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ'' ) ವ್ಸೆವೊಲೊಡ್ ಒಲ್ಗೊವಿಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ದ ಡೊರೊಹೊಜಿಚಿ ನೆರೆಹೊರೆಟ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅರೆನ ಧರ್ಮ ರಕ್ಷಕೆ,ಆಯಿನ ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡ್ರಿಯಾದ ಸಿರಿಲ್ ನ ಪುದರ್ ನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. <ref name="Touring Kyiv">{{Cite book |last=Malikenaite |first=Ruta |title=Guildebook: Touring Kyiv |publisher=Baltia Druk |year=2003 |isbn=966-96041-3-3 |location=Kyiv}}</ref> ೧೨ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ದ್ವಿತೀಯಾರ್ಧೊಡು, ವ್ಸೆವೊಲೊಡ್ ನ ವಿಧವೆ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರಿ ಮಾರಿಯಾ, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ ನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಒಲ್ಗೊವಿಚಿ ಕುಟುಂಬೊದ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಸ್ಥಳೊ ಆದ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Touring Kyiv" /> 1734ಡ್ ಈ ಮಠೊಗು ಭಾರಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಅಗ್ನಿ ಅವಘಡೊಗು ಒಳಗಾಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದೆನ್ 1750-1760ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಹ್ರೈಹೊರೊವಿಚ್-ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಮಠೊತ ಆವರಣೊನು ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಕಲ್ಲುದ ಗೋಡೆಲೆನ್, ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊರ್ಲುದ ಮೂಲೆ ಗೋಪುರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದ್ವಾರೊನು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಮಠೊತ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆನ್ ಸೇರಾವುನವುಲಾ ಅರೆನ ಬೇಲೆಡ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್ಂಡ್. ೧೭೮೭ಡ್, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠೊನು ಝಾರ್ ಸರ್ಕಾರ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಂಡ್. ಮಠೊತ ಜಾಗೆಲೆನ್ ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆ ಆದ್ ಪರಿವರ್ತಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಐನ್ ಮಾನಸಿಕ ಆರೋಗ್ಯ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಆಶ್ರಯೊಗು ಪರಿವರ್ತಿಸಯೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮಧ್ಯ-ಅಂತ್ಯೊಗು ಮುಟ್ಟ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv">{{Cite book |last=Hewryk |first=Titus D. |url=http://oldkyiv.kiev.ua/index2.htm |title=The Lost Architecture of Kiev |publisher=The Ukrainian Museum |year=1982 |location=New York |id=ASIN: B0006E9KPQ}} (''Out of print'')</ref> ಮೇ ೮, ೧೯೨೯ಡ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ದ ಕಮಿಷರ್ಸ್ ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠೊನು ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮಹತ್ವೊದ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಘೋಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ "ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ"ನ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಆದೇಶ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು. <ref name="Mistetstvo">{{Cite book |last=Fedchenko |first=Alla Mikhailovna |title=St. Cyril's Church |publisher=Mistetstvo |year=1977 |location=Kyiv}}</ref> ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಅವೇ ಸಮಯೊಡು, ಮಠೊತ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಡ್ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಆರಾಧನೆನ್ ಉಂತಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೊಗು ಪರಿವರ್ತನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ತಯಾರ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಮಠೊತ ಗಂಟೆ ಗೋಪುರೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಹ್ರೈಹೊರೊವಿಚ್-ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿಗ್ ಸಮರ್ಪಿತವಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಉಪ್ಪೊಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಅಂದಾಜ್ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬೇತೆ ರಾಜ್ಯ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಸೇಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊನು ಪಿಪಲ್ಸ್ ಕಮಿಷರಿಯಟ್ ಆಫ್ ಎಜುಕೇಶನ್ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. 1936ತ ಜೂನ್‌ಡು, ವರ್ಖೋವ್ನಾ ರಾಡಾ ಅಂಗೀಕರಿಸಾಯಿನ ಕಾನೂನುದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಸೇಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ ಮಠೊತ ಕಟ್ಟಡಲೆನ್ ಧ್ವಂಸ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಆಯುಕ್ತಾಲಯದ ಅನುಮತಿ ಅಗತ್ಯ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ ಸ್ಟೇಟ್ ಪ್ರಿಸರ್ವೇಶನ್ ಡಿಸ್ಟ್ರಿಕ್ಟ್ ದ ಮಾಜಿ ಕ್ಯುರೇಟರ್ ನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಗೋಡೆಲು, ಗೇಟ್ ಲು, ಒಂಜಿ ಮೂಲೆದ ಗೋಪುರ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿನ್ 1937ಡ್ ಅಯಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆದ ಸಾಮಗ್ರಿಲೆಗ್ ಕೆತ್ತುದು ಪಾಡಿಯೆರ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಮಧ್ಯಯುಗದ ಒಳಾಂಗಣ ಫ್ರೆಸ್ಕೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ವರ್ಣಚಿತ್ರಕಾರೆ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ವ್ರುಬೆಲ್ ನ 1880 ದಶಕದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ಸೇರಾದ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ್ ಅದೃಷ್ಟವಶಾತ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಒರಿಯಿನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಲು, ಒರಿಯಿನ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಗೋಡೆಲು, ಒಂಜಿ ಮೂಲೆದ ಗೋಪುರ ( ''ಚಿತ್ರೊನು ತೂಲೆ'' ), ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆನ್ ಲಾ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಮಠೊತ ಸ್ಮಶಾನೊಡು, 18ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗೋರಿಲು ಮಾತ್ರ ಉಂಡು. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ೧೯೬೫ಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯ "ಸೋಫಿಯಾ ಆಫ್ ಕೀವ್" ದ ಒಂಜಿ ಶಾಖೆ ಆಂಡ್, ಉಂದೆತ ಮೂಲಕ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆಲೆನ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಅನುವು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sophia.org.ua/rus/kirilivskay3.html|title=Kirillovskaya tserkov|accessdate=January 7, 2007|last=Zhukovsky A|website=Sophia Kyivska|language=ru|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703150725/http://www.sophia.org.ua/rus/kirilivskay3.html|archivedate=2007-07-03}}</ref> ೧೯೯೦ ದಶಕೊದ ಉತ್ತರಾರ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ರಚನೆದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ನಿಯಮಿತ ಸೇವೆಲೆನ್ ನಡಪಾಯೆರೆ ಅನುಮತಿ ಕೊರ್ಯೆರ್. ಜೂನ್ ೧೪, ೨೦೧೧ಡ್, ಫಿರ್ಗಜ್ ನ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠೊಕು ಪರಿವರ್ತಿಸಯೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-08-14|title=Журнали засідання Священного Синоду Української Православної Церкви від 14 червня 2011 року {{!}} УКРАЇНСЬКА ПРАВОСЛАВНА ЦЕРКВА|url=http://orthodox.org.ua/article/zhurnali-zas%D1%96dannya-svyashchennogo-sinodu-ukra%D1%97nsko%D1%97-pravoslavno%D1%97-tserkvi-v%D1%96d-14-chervnya-20|accessdate=2023-12-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814145558/http://orthodox.org.ua/article/zhurnali-zas%D1%96dannya-svyashchennogo-sinodu-ukra%D1%97nsko%D1%97-pravoslavno%D1%97-tserkvi-v%D1%96d-14-chervnya-20|archivedate=2014-08-14}}</ref> == ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲು == [[ಫೈಲ್:Кирилівська_церква_Фасад.jpg|left|thumb|225x225px| ಬೆಂಕಿ ನಂತರದ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ನಂತರ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ ಬರೋಕ್-ಪ್ರಭಾವಿತ ದ್ವಾರ]] === ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ === ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ( Ukrainian , ಲಿಪ್ಯಂತರ. ''ಕಿರಿಲಿವ್ಸ್'ಕಾ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾ'' ) ಪಂಡ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಯತಾಕಾರದ ರಚನೆ, ಉಂದೆತ ಮೂಜಿ ಆಪ್ಸೆಸ್ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಉಬ್ಬುದು ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಮಾನುಲು ಆರು ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಆಕಾರದ ಕಂಬೊಲೆನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಆಧಾರಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗೊದ ಗೋಡೆಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟ್ ನ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗೊದ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗ್ ಪೋಪುಂಡು. ಈ ಕಡೆಟ್ ಒಂಜಿ‌ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆದ (ಚಾಪೆಲ್)ಕೋಣೆಲಾ ಉಂಡು - ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಕೀವಾನ್ ರಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆನ ಅಪರೂಪದ ಲಕ್ಷಣ. <ref name="Mistetstvo" /> ಬ್ಯಾಪ್ಟಿಸ್ಟರಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಾರ್ಥೆಕ್ಸ್ ದ ಗೂಡುಲು ಬೇತೆ ಅಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಲಕ್ಷಣೊಲು. ಮೂಲತಃ, ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಕಮಾನುಲೆನ್ ಶೀಟ್ ಸ್ಟೀಲ್ ದ ಫಲಕೊಲೆಡ್ ಛಾವಣಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಶತಮಾನೊಲೆಡ್ದ್, ಚರ್ಚ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಸರ್ತಿ ಶತ್ರುಲೆನ ದಾಳಿಗ್ ಗುರಿಯಾಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1734ಡ್ ನಡತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಯಾನಕ ಸೂತ ಅವಘಡೊರ್ದು ಕಷ್ಟೊಗು ಗುರಿಯಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸರ್ತಿ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಿರರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅಯಿತ ಮೂಲ ರೂಪೊನು ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ನ ಸಮಕಾಲೀನ ಮಿತಿಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನೆರ್ದಾತ್ರ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ 20ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಗು ಏರ್ಲಾ ಮಲ್ಲ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆ ಇಜ್ಜಂದಿನ ಒಂಜೇ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ರಚನೆ ಆದುಂಡು. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಇತ್ತೆದ ಪಿದಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊನು 1750-1760 ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಹ್ರೈಹೊರೊವಿಚ್-ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರದ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆಡ್ ಆಕಾರೊಗು ತೂಯೆರ್. ಪಿದಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬ್ಯಾರೊಕ್ ದ ಅಂಶೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡಲಾ, ಒಳಾಂಗಣೊಡು ಅಯಿತ ಮೂಲ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ದ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಆಯಿಜಿ. === ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ === ಇವಾನ್ ಹ್ರೈಹೊರೊವಿಚ್-ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮಠೊತ ಉಲಾಯಿ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಡ್, ಅರೆನ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ 1760ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರವಾದ್ ನಿಲೆಯಾತಿನ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ .<ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಡು ತಿರ್ತ ಮಟ್ಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಗೇಟ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿದ ರಡ್ಡನೆ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ನ್ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆದ ಮಂದಿರ ಒಟ್ಟು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿದ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಕೆಳಮಟ್ಟೊಲೆಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ತ್ರಿಪಕ್ಷೀಯ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಕೆಲವು ಅಂಶೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಬೆಲ್ಟವರ್ ನ್ ನೇವ್ ದ ಮಧ್ಯ ಭಾಗೊದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದೀತೆರ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಈ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಂಯೋಜನೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿಡ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಆಪ್ಸ್ ಲೆಕೊದ ಕೆಳಮಟ್ಟೊದ ಅಂಶೊಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರತಿ ಬರಿಟ್ ದೀದ್  . ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿದ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮೂಲ ಛಾವಣಿ ಒಂಜಿ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು-ಹಿಪ್ಡ್ ಛಾವಣಿ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಉಂದು ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಜನಪ್ರಿಯವಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ೧೮೪೯ದ ಸೂತ ಅವಘಡೊರ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕುಪೊಲಾದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಛಾವಣಿಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲೊಡ್ದ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೯೩೬ಡ್ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿನ್ ಕೆತ್ತುನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ [[ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಪಾಕಪದ್ಧತಿ|ಉಕ್ರೇನಿ]]ಯನ್ ಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ನ ನಿರ್ಧಾರೊರ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಂಜಿ ವರ್ಷೊಡ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೇತೆ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಯೋಜನೆಲೆಗ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆಲೆನ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://www.facebook.com/Kyrylivska ಅಧಿಕೃತ ಫೇಸ್ಬುಕ್ ಪುಟ] (in Ukrainian) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110719142408/http://www.oldkyiv.org.ua/data/kirill_ch.php?lang=en ಕೀವ್ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ತಾಣ] - ಸೈಂಟ್ ಕಿರಿಲ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ * * * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070522200233/http://www.sophia.org.ua/rus/kirilivskay.html ಸೋಫಿಯಾ ಕೀವ್ಸ್ಕಾ] - ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಪುಟೊಡ್ದ್ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಫೋಟೋ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿ. (in Ukrainian and Russian) * [https://uartlib.org/kyiv/kyiv-la-iglesia-de-san-cirilo-kyev-kyryllovskaya-tserkov/] ಕೀವ್. ಲಾ ಇಗ್ಲೆಸಿಯಾ ಡಿ ಸ್ಯಾನ್ ಸಿರಿಲೊ. ಕೀವ್. ಕಿರಿಲ್ಲೋವ್ಸ್ಕಾ ಸರ್ಕೋವಿ. ಕಿїв, ಮಿстецಟ್ವೊ, ೧೯೬೮. 1dflx1wxvsq8cb5gwrtmcvf5d4vv1b6 366804 366715 2026-08-24T01:27:58Z InternetArchiveBot 4316 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 366804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Eastern Orthodox monastery in Ukraine}} {{Infobox building | name = ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠ | native_name = {{langx|uk|Кирилівський монастир}} | native_name_lang = | logo = | logo_size = | logo_caption = | image = ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠ (Panorama).JPG | image_size = 300px | image_caption = {{small|A panorama of St. Cyril's Monastery before the destruction of its belfry}} | pushpin_map = Ukraine Kyiv##Ukraine Kyiv Oblast#Ukraine | pushpin_relief = 1 | pushpin_label = ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠ | image_map = | map_caption = | location = ಕೀವ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | address = | location_city = | location_country = {{UKR}} | coordinates = {{coord|50.483091|N|30.471772|E|type:landmark_region:UA|display=it}} <!-- stats -->| former_names = | alternate_names = | etymology = | status = | cancelled = | topped_out = | building_type = | architectural_style = | material = | classification = | altitude = | namesake = | groundbreaking_date = | construction_start_date = | construction_stop_date = | est_completion = | completion_date = | opened_date = | inauguration_date = | closing_date = | demolished_date = | destruction_date = | cost = | ren_cost = | client = | owner = [[Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)]] | affiliation = | height = | architectural = | structural_system = | size = | floor_count = | floor_area = | elevator_count = | grounds_area = | architect = | architecture_firm = | developer = | engineer = | known_for = | website = | embed = | references = | footnotes = | embedded = {{Infobox historic site |embed = yes |designation1 = UKRAINE NATIONAL |designation1_offname = {{Lang|uk|Кирилівська церква}} (''St.&nbsp;Cyril's Church'') |designation1_type = History, Monumental Art, Architecture |designation1_number = 260072-Н |designation2 = UKRAINE NATIONAL |designation2_offname = {{Lang|uk|Археологічний комплекс Кирилівського монастиря}} (''Archaeological complex of St.&nbsp;Cyril's Monastery'') |designation2_type = Archaeology |designation2_number = 260104}}| mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 16 | mapframe-wikidata = yes | mapframe-marker = religious-christian }} '''ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠ''' ( Ukrainian ) ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದೇಶದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಕೀವ್ ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ಮಠ. ಈ ಮಠೊಟು ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು 12ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ ನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾದರಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ 17ನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 19ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಅಂಶೊಲೆನ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ಸೇರಾದ್ ಉಂಡು.ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಪಿದಾಯಿಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿದ ಪ್ರಭಾವ ತೋಜಿದ್ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. 17ನೇ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 19ನೇ ಶತಮಾನಡ್ ನೆಕ್ ಕೆಲವು ಬದಲಾವಣೆಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆಲು ಆಂಡ್. ಆಂಡ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಾಯಿದ ಭಾಗ ಮೂಲ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ ಕಾಲೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಲಾತ್ಮಕ ವೈಶಿಷ್ಟ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ದಿಂಜಮಟ್ಟ್ ಗ್ ಒರಿಪಾದ್ಂಡ್. == ಚರಿತ್ರೆ == ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠೊನು 1140ಡ್ ಚೆರ್ನಿಗೊವ್ ನ ಕ್ನಿಯಾಜ್' ( ''ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ'' ) ವ್ಸೆವೊಲೊಡ್ ಒಲ್ಗೊವಿಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ದ ಡೊರೊಹೊಜಿಚಿ ನೆರೆಹೊರೆಟ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅರೆನ ಧರ್ಮ ರಕ್ಷಕೆ,ಆಯಿನ ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡ್ರಿಯಾದ ಸಿರಿಲ್ ನ ಪುದರ್ ನ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. <ref name="Touring Kyiv">{{Cite book |last=Malikenaite |first=Ruta |title=Guildebook: Touring Kyiv |publisher=Baltia Druk |year=2003 |isbn=966-96041-3-3 |location=Kyiv}}</ref> ೧೨ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ದ್ವಿತೀಯಾರ್ಧೊಡು, ವ್ಸೆವೊಲೊಡ್ ನ ವಿಧವೆ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರಿ ಮಾರಿಯಾ, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ ನ ಕಲ್ಲ್ ದ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಒಲ್ಗೊವಿಚಿ ಕುಟುಂಬೊದ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಸ್ಥಳೊ ಆದ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Touring Kyiv" /> 1734ಡ್ ಈ ಮಠೊಗು ಭಾರಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಅಗ್ನಿ ಅವಘಡೊಗು ಒಳಗಾಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದೆನ್ 1750-1760ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಹ್ರೈಹೊರೊವಿಚ್-ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಮಠೊತ ಆವರಣೊನು ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಕಲ್ಲುದ ಗೋಡೆಲೆನ್, ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊರ್ಲುದ ಮೂಲೆ ಗೋಪುರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದ್ವಾರೊನು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಮಠೊತ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆನ್ ಸೇರಾವುನವುಲಾ ಅರೆನ ಬೇಲೆಡ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್ಂಡ್. ೧೭೮೭ಡ್, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠೊನು ಝಾರ್ ಸರ್ಕಾರ ಮುಚ್ಚಿಂಡ್. ಮಠೊತ ಜಾಗೆಲೆನ್ ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆ ಆದ್ ಪರಿವರ್ತಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಐನ್ ಮಾನಸಿಕ ಆರೋಗ್ಯ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಆಶ್ರಯೊಗು ಪರಿವರ್ತಿಸಯೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮಧ್ಯ-ಅಂತ್ಯೊಗು ಮುಟ್ಟ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv">{{Cite book |last=Hewryk |first=Titus D. |url=http://oldkyiv.kiev.ua/index2.htm |title=The Lost Architecture of Kiev |publisher=The Ukrainian Museum |year=1982 |location=New York |id=ASIN: B0006E9KPQ |archive-date=2008-05-30 |access-date=2026-08-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080530065414/http://oldkyiv.kiev.ua/index2.htm |url-status=dead }} (''Out of print'')</ref> ಮೇ ೮, ೧೯೨೯ಡ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ದ ಕಮಿಷರ್ಸ್ ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠೊನು ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮಹತ್ವೊದ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಘೋಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ "ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ"ನ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸೊಡು ಪಂದ್ ಆದೇಶ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು. <ref name="Mistetstvo">{{Cite book |last=Fedchenko |first=Alla Mikhailovna |title=St. Cyril's Church |publisher=Mistetstvo |year=1977 |location=Kyiv}}</ref> ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಅವೇ ಸಮಯೊಡು, ಮಠೊತ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಡ್ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಆರಾಧನೆನ್ ಉಂತಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೊಗು ಪರಿವರ್ತನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ತಯಾರ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಮಠೊತ ಗಂಟೆ ಗೋಪುರೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಹ್ರೈಹೊರೊವಿಚ್-ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿಗ್ ಸಮರ್ಪಿತವಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಉಪ್ಪೊಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಅಂದಾಜ್ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬೇತೆ ರಾಜ್ಯ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಲೆನಲೆಕನೆ, ಸೇಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊನು ಪಿಪಲ್ಸ್ ಕಮಿಷರಿಯಟ್ ಆಫ್ ಎಜುಕೇಶನ್ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. 1936ತ ಜೂನ್‌ಡು, ವರ್ಖೋವ್ನಾ ರಾಡಾ ಅಂಗೀಕರಿಸಾಯಿನ ಕಾನೂನುದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಸೇಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ ಮಠೊತ ಕಟ್ಟಡಲೆನ್ ಧ್ವಂಸ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಆಯುಕ್ತಾಲಯದ ಅನುಮತಿ ಅಗತ್ಯ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ ಸ್ಟೇಟ್ ಪ್ರಿಸರ್ವೇಶನ್ ಡಿಸ್ಟ್ರಿಕ್ಟ್ ದ ಮಾಜಿ ಕ್ಯುರೇಟರ್ ನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಗೋಡೆಲು, ಗೇಟ್ ಲು, ಒಂಜಿ ಮೂಲೆದ ಗೋಪುರ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿನ್ 1937ಡ್ ಅಯಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆದ ಸಾಮಗ್ರಿಲೆಗ್ ಕೆತ್ತುದು ಪಾಡಿಯೆರ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಮಧ್ಯಯುಗದ ಒಳಾಂಗಣ ಫ್ರೆಸ್ಕೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ವರ್ಣಚಿತ್ರಕಾರೆ ಮಿಖಾಯಿಲ್ ವ್ರುಬೆಲ್ ನ 1880 ದಶಕದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ಸೇರಾದ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ್ ಅದೃಷ್ಟವಶಾತ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಒರಿಯಿನ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಲು, ಒರಿಯಿನ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಗೋಡೆಲು, ಒಂಜಿ ಮೂಲೆದ ಗೋಪುರ ( ''ಚಿತ್ರೊನು ತೂಲೆ'' ), ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆನ್ ಲಾ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಮಠೊತ ಸ್ಮಶಾನೊಡು, 18ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗೋರಿಲು ಮಾತ್ರ ಉಂಡು. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ೧೯೬೫ಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯ "ಸೋಫಿಯಾ ಆಫ್ ಕೀವ್" ದ ಒಂಜಿ ಶಾಖೆ ಆಂಡ್, ಉಂದೆತ ಮೂಲಕ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆಲೆನ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಅನುವು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sophia.org.ua/rus/kirilivskay3.html|title=Kirillovskaya tserkov|accessdate=January 7, 2007|last=Zhukovsky A|website=Sophia Kyivska|language=ru|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703150725/http://www.sophia.org.ua/rus/kirilivskay3.html|archivedate=2007-07-03}}</ref> ೧೯೯೦ ದಶಕೊದ ಉತ್ತರಾರ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ರಚನೆದ ಉಲಾಯಿ ನಿಯಮಿತ ಸೇವೆಲೆನ್ ನಡಪಾಯೆರೆ ಅನುಮತಿ ಕೊರ್ಯೆರ್. ಜೂನ್ ೧೪, ೨೦೧೧ಡ್, ಫಿರ್ಗಜ್ ನ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಮಠೊಕು ಪರಿವರ್ತಿಸಯೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-08-14|title=Журнали засідання Священного Синоду Української Православної Церкви від 14 червня 2011 року {{!}} УКРАЇНСЬКА ПРАВОСЛАВНА ЦЕРКВА|url=http://orthodox.org.ua/article/zhurnali-zas%D1%96dannya-svyashchennogo-sinodu-ukra%D1%97nsko%D1%97-pravoslavno%D1%97-tserkvi-v%D1%96d-14-chervnya-20|accessdate=2023-12-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814145558/http://orthodox.org.ua/article/zhurnali-zas%D1%96dannya-svyashchennogo-sinodu-ukra%D1%97nsko%D1%97-pravoslavno%D1%97-tserkvi-v%D1%96d-14-chervnya-20|archivedate=2014-08-14}}</ref> == ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲು == [[ಫೈಲ್:Кирилівська_церква_Фасад.jpg|left|thumb|225x225px| ಬೆಂಕಿ ನಂತರದ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ನಂತರ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ ಬರೋಕ್-ಪ್ರಭಾವಿತ ದ್ವಾರ]] === ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ === ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ( Ukrainian , ಲಿಪ್ಯಂತರ. ''ಕಿರಿಲಿವ್ಸ್'ಕಾ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾ'' ) ಪಂಡ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಯತಾಕಾರದ ರಚನೆ, ಉಂದೆತ ಮೂಜಿ ಆಪ್ಸೆಸ್ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಉಬ್ಬುದು ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಮಾನುಲು ಆರು ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಆಕಾರದ ಕಂಬೊಲೆನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಆಧಾರಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗೊದ ಗೋಡೆಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟ್ ನ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗೊದ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗ್ ಪೋಪುಂಡು. ಈ ಕಡೆಟ್ ಒಂಜಿ‌ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆದ (ಚಾಪೆಲ್)ಕೋಣೆಲಾ ಉಂಡು - ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಕೀವಾನ್ ರಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆನ ಅಪರೂಪದ ಲಕ್ಷಣ. <ref name="Mistetstvo" /> ಬ್ಯಾಪ್ಟಿಸ್ಟರಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಾರ್ಥೆಕ್ಸ್ ದ ಗೂಡುಲು ಬೇತೆ ಅಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಲಕ್ಷಣೊಲು. ಮೂಲತಃ, ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಂಜಿ ಕಮಾನುಲೆನ್ ಶೀಟ್ ಸ್ಟೀಲ್ ದ ಫಲಕೊಲೆಡ್ ಛಾವಣಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಶತಮಾನೊಲೆಡ್ದ್, ಚರ್ಚ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಸರ್ತಿ ಶತ್ರುಲೆನ ದಾಳಿಗ್ ಗುರಿಯಾಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1734ಡ್ ನಡತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಯಾನಕ ಸೂತ ಅವಘಡೊರ್ದು ಕಷ್ಟೊಗು ಗುರಿಯಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸರ್ತಿ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಿರರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅಯಿತ ಮೂಲ ರೂಪೊನು ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಸೈಂಟ್ ಸಿರಿಲ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ನ ಸಮಕಾಲೀನ ಮಿತಿಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನೆರ್ದಾತ್ರ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ 20ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಗು ಏರ್ಲಾ ಮಲ್ಲ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆ ಇಜ್ಜಂದಿನ ಒಂಜೇ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ರಚನೆ ಆದುಂಡು. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಇತ್ತೆದ ಪಿದಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊನು 1750-1760 ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಇವಾನ್ ಹ್ರೈಹೊರೊವಿಚ್-ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರದ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆಡ್ ಆಕಾರೊಗು ತೂಯೆರ್. ಪಿದಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬ್ಯಾರೊಕ್ ದ ಅಂಶೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡಲಾ, ಒಳಾಂಗಣೊಡು ಅಯಿತ ಮೂಲ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ದ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಆಯಿಜಿ. === ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ === ಇವಾನ್ ಹ್ರೈಹೊರೊವಿಚ್-ಬಾರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮಠೊತ ಉಲಾಯಿ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಸನ್ಯಾಸಿ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಡ್, ಅರೆನ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ 1760ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರವಾದ್ ನಿಲೆಯಾತಿನ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ .<ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಡು ತಿರ್ತ ಮಟ್ಟೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಗೇಟ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿದ ರಡ್ಡನೆ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ನ್ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆದ ಮಂದಿರ ಒಟ್ಟು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿದ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಕೆಳಮಟ್ಟೊಲೆಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ತ್ರಿಪಕ್ಷೀಯ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಕೆಲವು ಅಂಶೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಬೆಲ್ಟವರ್ ನ್ ನೇವ್ ದ ಮಧ್ಯ ಭಾಗೊದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದೀತೆರ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ಈ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಂಯೋಜನೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿಡ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಆಪ್ಸ್ ಲೆಕೊದ ಕೆಳಮಟ್ಟೊದ ಅಂಶೊಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರತಿ ಬರಿಟ್ ದೀದ್  . ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿದ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಮೂಲ ಛಾವಣಿ ಒಂಜಿ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲು-ಹಿಪ್ಡ್ ಛಾವಣಿ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಉಂದು ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಜನಪ್ರಿಯವಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="Lost Kyiv" /> ೧೮೪೯ದ ಸೂತ ಅವಘಡೊರ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕುಪೊಲಾದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದ ಛಾವಣಿಲೆನ್ ಮೂಲೊಡ್ದ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೯೩೬ಡ್ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿನ್ ಕೆತ್ತುನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ [[ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಪಾಕಪದ್ಧತಿ|ಉಕ್ರೇನಿ]]ಯನ್ ಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ನ ನಿರ್ಧಾರೊರ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಒಂಜಿ ವರ್ಷೊಡ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿನ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೇತೆ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಯೋಜನೆಲೆಗ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆಲೆನ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://www.facebook.com/Kyrylivska ಅಧಿಕೃತ ಫೇಸ್ಬುಕ್ ಪುಟ] (in Ukrainian) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110719142408/http://www.oldkyiv.org.ua/data/kirill_ch.php?lang=en ಕೀವ್ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ತಾಣ] - ಸೈಂಟ್ ಕಿರಿಲ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ * * * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070522200233/http://www.sophia.org.ua/rus/kirilivskay.html ಸೋಫಿಯಾ ಕೀವ್ಸ್ಕಾ] - ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಪುಟೊಡ್ದ್ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಫೋಟೋ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿ. (in Ukrainian and Russian) * [https://uartlib.org/kyiv/kyiv-la-iglesia-de-san-cirilo-kyev-kyryllovskaya-tserkov/] ಕೀವ್. ಲಾ ಇಗ್ಲೆಸಿಯಾ ಡಿ ಸ್ಯಾನ್ ಸಿರಿಲೊ. ಕೀವ್. ಕಿರಿಲ್ಲೋವ್ಸ್ಕಾ ಸರ್ಕೋವಿ. ಕಿїв, ಮಿстецಟ್ವೊ, ೧೯೬೮. 4cbmcyowo3j7e5m083iomtwq39xglm7 10 28140 366637 2021-02-11T00:05:56Z en>DePiep 0 [[WP:AES|←]]Created page with 'This article contains [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] phonetic symbols. Without proper [[Help:IPA#Rendering issues|rendering support]], you may see Rep...' 366637 wikitext text/x-wiki This article contains [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] phonetic symbols. Without proper [[Help:IPA#Rendering issues|rendering support]], you may see [[Replacement character|question marks, boxes, or other symbols]] instead of [[Unicode]] characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see [[Help:IPA]]. 7ijvt210dy9trg7dd77dnj13qu03kna 366638 366637 2021-02-11T00:10:11Z en>DePiep 0 reduce text 366638 wikitext text/x-wiki This article contains [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] phonetic symbols. Without proper [[Help:IPA#Rendering issues|rendering support]], you may see [[Replacement character|question marks, boxes, etc.]] instead of characters. See also [[Help:IPA]]. 8eiv9jl910qx8l1j7yg7fvvgmw16n2a 366639 366638 2021-02-11T00:11:50Z en>DePiep 0 366639 wikitext text/x-wiki This article contains [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] phonetic symbols. Without proper [[Help:IPA#Rendering issues|rendering support]], you may see [[Replacement character|&#xFFFD; boxes, etc.]] instead of characters. See also [[Help:IPA]]. 3cehwcgv55hr4np3bhr8kwbz9gymvwq 366640 366639 2021-02-11T00:12:20Z en>DePiep 0 366640 wikitext text/x-wiki This article contains [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] phonetic symbols. 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For an introductory guide on IPA sy...' 366661 wikitext text/x-wiki This {{main other|article|page}} contains '''[[phonetic transcription]]s in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA)'''. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see [[Help:IPA]]. For the distinction between {{IPA|[&nbsp;]}}, {{IPA|/&nbsp;/}} and {{angbr IPA|&nbsp;}}, see [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Brackets and transcription delimiters|IPA §&nbsp;Brackets and transcription delimiters]]. 9wf4quhphu5mf35f1xd3id36jp5r5tt 366662 366661 2021-03-07T23:06:44Z en>Nardog 0 366662 wikitext text/x-wiki This {{#if:{{{section|}}}|section|{{main other|article|page}}}} contains '''[[phonetic transcription]]s in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA)'''. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see [[Help:IPA]]. For the distinction between {{IPA|[&nbsp;]}}, {{IPA|/&nbsp;/}} and {{angbr IPA|&nbsp;}}, see [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Brackets and transcription delimiters|IPA §&nbsp;Brackets and transcription delimiters]]. dqfw89b8c9eu5vycwr0ia1b3rnw177w 366663 366662 2021-03-07T23:08:27Z en>Nardog 0 366663 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{{preamble|}}}|no||This {{#if:{{{section|}}}|section|{{main other|article|page}}}} contains '''[[phonetic transcription]]s in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA)'''.&#32;}}For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see [[Help:IPA]].{{#ifeq:{{{brackets|}}}|no||&#32;For the distinction between {{IPA|[&nbsp;]}}, {{IPA|/&nbsp;/}} and {{angbr IPA|&nbsp;}}, see [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Brackets and transcription delimiters|IPA §&nbsp;Brackets and transcription delimiters]].}} bj64q5lnaah9ua53zz67srw5v7zm22n 366664 366663 2021-03-08T00:02:53Z en>Nardog 0 documentation 366664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{{preamble|}}}|no||This {{#if:{{{section|}}}|section|{{main other|article|page}}}} contains '''[[phonetic transcription]]s in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA)'''.&#32;}}For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see [[Help:IPA]].{{#ifeq:{{{brackets|}}}|no||&#32;For the distinction between {{IPA|[&nbsp;]}}, {{IPA|/&nbsp;/}} and {{angbr IPA|&nbsp;}}, see [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Brackets and transcription delimiters|IPA §&nbsp;Brackets and transcription delimiters]].}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 3onolvh1o16om9w93edjvcr95d9x47q 366665 366664 2021-03-08T00:59:39Z en>Nardog 0 per {{Contains...}} 366665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{{preamble|}}}|no||This {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{main other|article|page}}}} contains '''[[phonetic transcription]]s in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA)'''.&#32;}}For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see [[Help:IPA]].{{#ifeq:{{{brackets|}}}|no||&#32;For the distinction between {{IPA|[&nbsp;]}}, {{IPA|/&nbsp;/}} and {{angbr IPA|&nbsp;}}, see [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Brackets and transcription delimiters|IPA §&nbsp;Brackets and transcription delimiters]].}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> pyicasir50k28avj03m54efh1q76qoh 366666 366665 2021-03-29T18:22:43Z en>MusikBot II 0 Protected "[[Template:IPA notice/msg]]": [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|High-risk template or module]] ([[User:MusikBot II/TemplateProtector|more info]]) ([Edit=Require autoconfirmed or confirmed access] (indefinite)) 366665 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{{preamble|}}}|no||This {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{main other|article|page}}}} contains '''[[phonetic transcription]]s in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA)'''.&#32;}}For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see [[Help:IPA]].{{#ifeq:{{{brackets|}}}|no||&#32;For the distinction between {{IPA|[&nbsp;]}}, {{IPA|/&nbsp;/}} and {{angbr IPA|&nbsp;}}, see [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Brackets and transcription delimiters|IPA §&nbsp;Brackets and transcription delimiters]].}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> pyicasir50k28avj03m54efh1q76qoh 366667 366666 2021-04-07T21:44:57Z en>Kwamikagami 0 redundant note on brackets should not be there by default 366667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{{preamble|}}}|no||This {{#if:{{{section|}}}|section|{{main other|article|page}}}} contains '''[[phonetic transcription]]s in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA)'''.&#32;}}For an introductory guide on IPA symbols and brackets, see [[Help:IPA]].{{#ifeq:{{{brackets|}}}|yes|&#32;For the distinction between {{IPA|[&nbsp;]}}, {{IPA|/&nbsp;/}} and {{angbr IPA|&nbsp;}}, see [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Brackets and transcription delimiters|IPA §&nbsp;Brackets and transcription delimiters]].}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 8j0euzjzhc4j0e148vjh4qq3df99oie 366668 366667 2021-04-07T21:48:59Z en>Kwamikagami 0 rv unintended change of 1st param 366668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{{preamble|}}}|no||This {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{main other|article|page}}}} contains '''[[phonetic transcription]]s in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA)'''.&#32;}}For an introductory guide on IPA symbols and brackets, see [[Help:IPA]].{{#ifeq:{{{brackets|}}}|yes|&#32;For the distinction between {{IPA|[&nbsp;]}}, {{IPA|/&nbsp;/}} and {{angbr IPA|&nbsp;}}, see [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Brackets and transcription delimiters|IPA §&nbsp;Brackets and transcription delimiters]].}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> b0qloruhmsa1ibas17pgpsgqw4nn59t 366669 366668 2021-04-08T16:19:29Z en>Nardog 0 please participate in [[Template talk:IPA notice#Brackets|the discussion]] first 366669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{{preamble|}}}|no||This {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{main other|article|page}}}} contains '''[[phonetic transcription]]s in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA)'''.&#32;}}For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see [[Help:IPA]].{{#ifeq:{{{brackets|}}}|no||&#32;For the distinction between {{IPA|[&nbsp;]}}, {{IPA|/&nbsp;/}} and {{angbr IPA|&nbsp;}}, see [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Brackets and transcription delimiters|IPA §&nbsp;Brackets and transcription delimiters]].}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> pyicasir50k28avj03m54efh1q76qoh 366670 366669 2024-07-07T11:41:10Z en>Nardog 0 add double slashes 366670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{{preamble|}}}|no||This {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{main other|article|page}}}} contains '''[[phonetic transcription]]s in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA)'''.&#32;}}For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see [[Help:IPA]].{{#ifeq:{{{brackets|}}}|no||&#32;For the distinction between {{IPA|[&nbsp;]}}, {{IPA|/&nbsp;/}}, {{IPA //|&nbsp;}}, and {{angbr IPA|&nbsp;}}, see [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Brackets and transcription delimiters|IPA §&nbsp;Brackets and transcription delimiters]].}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> rd46o8y4qnrxy9e0tnlw3061bmo6yz5 366671 366670 2024-07-08T08:55:26Z en>Nardog 0 rv for now 366671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#ifeq:{{{preamble|}}}|no||This {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{main other|article|page}}}} contains '''[[phonetic transcription]]s in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA)'''.&#32;}}For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see [[Help:IPA]].{{#ifeq:{{{brackets|}}}|no||&#32;For the distinction between {{IPA|[&nbsp;]}}, {{IPA|/&nbsp;/}} and {{angbr IPA|&nbsp;}}, see [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Brackets and transcription delimiters|IPA §&nbsp;Brackets and transcription delimiters]].}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> pyicasir50k28avj03m54efh1q76qoh 366672 366671 2026-04-12T06:00:51Z en>Whyiseverythingalreadyused 0 Replacing magic word with [[TM:Yesno|{{yesno}}]] 366672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{yesno|{{{preamble|yes}}}|no=|yes=This {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{main other|article|page}}}} contains '''[[phonetic transcription]]s in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA)'''.&#32;}}For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see [[Help:IPA]].{{yesno|{{{brackets|yes}}}|no=|yes=&#32;For the distinction between {{IPA|[&nbsp;]}}, {{IPA|/&nbsp;/}} and {{angbr IPA|&nbsp;}}, see [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Brackets and transcription delimiters|IPA §&nbsp;Brackets and transcription delimiters]].}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> meupq2hkilsu8wjth9lqtqqfzoud6xa 366673 366672 2026-04-29T18:52:53Z en>Un assiolo 0 Boldly adding [[Help:IPA/English]] because it's more useful than the enormous [[Help:IPA]] which covers all languages 366673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{yesno|{{{preamble|yes}}}|no=|yes=This {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{main other|article|page}}}} contains '''[[phonetic transcription]]s in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA)'''.&#32;}}For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see: * [[Help:IPA/English]] for sounds used in English * [[Help:IPA]] for sounds used in other languages. {{yesno|{{{brackets|yes}}}|no=|yes=&#32;For the distinction between {{IPA|[&nbsp;]}}, {{IPA|/&nbsp;/}} and {{angbr IPA|&nbsp;}}, see [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Brackets and transcription delimiters|IPA §&nbsp;Brackets and transcription delimiters]].}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> dl9icu9s6wwa8kcqrelmp00zjcyq58e 366674 366673 2026-04-29T21:12:30Z en>Kanguole 0 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/1351721602|1351721602]] by [[Special:Contributions/Un assiolo|Un assiolo]] ([[User talk:Un assiolo|talk]]) unhelpful clutter on many hundreds of articles, very few of which are about English 366674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{yesno|{{{preamble|yes}}}|no=|yes=This {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{main other|article|page}}}} contains '''[[phonetic transcription]]s in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA)'''.&#32;}}For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see [[Help:IPA]].{{yesno|{{{brackets|yes}}}|no=|yes=&#32;For the distinction between {{IPA|[&nbsp;]}}, {{IPA|/&nbsp;/}} and {{angbr IPA|&nbsp;}}, see [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Brackets and transcription delimiters|IPA §&nbsp;Brackets and transcription delimiters]].}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> meupq2hkilsu8wjth9lqtqqfzoud6xa 366675 366674 2026-08-23T13:28:41Z ChiK 1136 ೧೪ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:IPA_notice/msg]] 366674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{yesno|{{{preamble|yes}}}|no=|yes=This {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|{{main other|article|page}}}} contains '''[[phonetic transcription]]s in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA)'''.&#32;}}For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see [[Help:IPA]].{{yesno|{{{brackets|yes}}}|no=|yes=&#32;For the distinction between {{IPA|[&nbsp;]}}, {{IPA|/&nbsp;/}} and {{angbr IPA|&nbsp;}}, see [[International Phonetic Alphabet#Brackets and transcription delimiters|IPA §&nbsp;Brackets and transcription delimiters]].}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> meupq2hkilsu8wjth9lqtqqfzoud6xa 10 28142 366678 2025-04-25T20:44:03Z en>Drmccreedy 0 add newly published codes 366678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{alpha4|{{{1|}}}}}}<!-- ISO 15924 list as of 2025-04-24: 224 + Qaaa-Qabx codes --> | Adlm = Fula language | Afak = Syllabary writing systems | Aghb = Udi language | Ahom = Brahmic scripts | Arab = Arabic script | Aran = Arabic script | Armi = Abjad writing systems | Armn = Armenian alphabet | Avst = Avesta | Bali = Indonesian scripts | Bamu = Writing systems of Africa | Bass = Writing systems of Africa | Batk = Indonesian scripts | Beng = Bengali script | Berf = Writing systems of Africa | Bhks = Brahmic scripts | Blis = Auxiliary and educational artificial scripts | Bopo = Chinese scripts | Brah = Brahmic scripts | Brai = Braille | Bugi = Indonesian scripts | Buhd = Philippine scripts | Cakm = Brahmic scripts | Cans = Canadian Aboriginal syllabics | Cari = Carian language | Cham = Chamic languages | Cher = Cherokee language | Chis = Languages of India | Chrs = Abjad writing systems | Cirt = Middle-earth writing systems | Copt = Hellenic scripts | Cpmn = Undeciphered writing systems | Cprt = Hellenic scripts | Cyrl = Cyrillic script | Cyrs = Old Church Slavonic language | Deva = Devanagari | Diak = Maldivian scripts | Dogr = Dogri language#script | Dsrt = Writing systems of the Americas | Dupl = Duployan shorthand | Egyd = Ancient Egyptian language | Egyh = Ancient Egyptian language | Egyp = Egyptian hieroglyphs | Elba = Albanian scripts | Elym = Abjad writing systems | Ethi = Abugida writing systems | Gara = Writing systems of Africa | Geok = Georgian scripts | Geor = Georgian scripts | Glag = Alphabetic writing systems | Gong = Brahmic scripts | Gonm = Brahmic scripts | Goth = Gothic writing | Gran = Tamil script | Grek = Greek alphabet | Gujr = Brahmic scripts | Gukh = Brahmic scripts | Guru = Gurmukhi script | Hanb = Chinese characters | Hang = Hangul | Hani = Chinese characters | Hano = Philippine scripts | Hans = Simplified Chinese characters | Hant = Traditional Chinese characters | Hatr = Aramaic languages | Hebr = Hebrew alphabet | Hira = Kana | Hluw = Anatolian hieroglyphs | Hmng = Hmongic languages | Hmnp = Hmongic languages | Hntl = Latin-script orthographies | Hrkt = Kana | Hung = Runiform scripts | Inds = Indus Valley civilisation | Ital = Old Italic script | Jamo = Hangul | Java = Javanese script | Jpan = Japanese writing system | Jurc = Jurchen script | Kali = Brahmic scripts | Kana = Kana | Kawi = Indonesian scripts | Khar = Abugida writing systems | Khmr = Khmer script | Khoj = Brahmic scripts | Kitl = Khitan scripts | Kits = Khitan scripts | Knda = Kannada language | Kore = Korean writing system | Kpel = Kpelle syllabary | Krai = Bantawa language | Kthi = Brahmic scripts | Lana = Brahmic scripts | Laoo = Brahmic scripts | Latf = Blackletter | Latg = Gaelic script | Latn = Latin script | Leke = Leke script | Lepc = Brahmic scripts | Limb = Brahmic scripts | Lina = Aegean languages in the Bronze Age | Linb = Aegean languages in the Bronze Age | Lisu = Fraser alphabet | Loma = Loma script | Lyci = Lycian script | Lydi = Lydian script | Mahj = Mahajani script | Maka = Brahmic scripts | Mand = Abjad writing systems | Mani = Abjad writing systems | Marc = Tibetan script | Maya = Maya writing | Medf = Constructed scripts | Mend = Mende Kikakui script | Merc = Alphabetic writing systems | Mero = Alphabetic writing systems | Mlym = Malayalam script | Modi = Brahmic scripts | Mong = Classical Mongolian alphabet | Moon = Tactile alphabets | Mroo = Mro script | Mtei = Meitei Mayek script | Mult = Languages of Pakistan | Mymr = Brahmic scripts | Nagm = Writing systems of Asia | Nand = Brahmic scripts | Narb = Old North Arabian alphabet | Nbat = Nabataean alphabet | Newa = Brahmic scripts | Nkdb = Naxi language | Nkgb = Geba script | Nkoo = N'Ko script | Nshu = Nüshu script | Ogam = Ogham | Olck = Ol Chiki script | Onao = Munda scripts | Orkh = Runiform scripts | Orya = Brahmic scripts | Osge = Writing systems of the Americas | Osma = Osmanya script | Ougr = Obsolete writing systems | Palm = Abjad writing systems | Pauc = Pau Cin Han script | Pcun = Bronze Age writing systems | Pelm = Bronze Age writing systems | Perm = Old Permic script | Phag = Mongolian writing systems | Phli = Iranian inscriptions | Phlp = Iranian inscriptions | Phlv = Iranian inscriptions | Phnx = Phoenician alphabet | Piqd = Klingon alphabets | Plrd = Abugida writing systems | Prti = Iranian inscriptions | Psin = Proto-Sinaitic script | Qaaa | Qaab | Qaac | Qaad | Qaae | Qaaf | Qaag | Qaah | Qaai | Qaaj | Qaak | Qaal | Qaam | Qaan | Qaao | Qaap | Qaaq | Qaar | Qaas | Qaat | Qaau | Qaav | Qaaw | Qaax | Qaay | Qaaz | Qaba | Qabb | Qabc | Qabd | Qabe | Qabf | Qabg | Qabh | Qabi | Qabj | Qabk | Qabl | Qabm | Qabn | Qabo | Qabp | Qabq | Qabr | Qabs | Qabt | Qabu | Qabv | Qabw | Qabx | Qaaa-Qabx | Qaaa–Qabx = ISO 15924 | Ranj = Brahmic scripts | Rjng = Indonesian scripts | Rohg = Rohingya people | Roro = Rongorongo | Runr = Runic alphabet | Samr = Abjad writing systems | Sara = Middle-earth writing systems | Sarb = Old South Arabian script | Saur = Brahmic scripts | Seal = Obsolete writing systems | Sgnw = Sign language notation | Shaw = Shavian alphabet | Shrd = Brahmic scripts | Shui = Kam–Sui languages | Sidd = Brahmic scripts | Sidt = Sidetic language | Sind = Brahmic scripts | Sinh = Brahmic scripts | Sogd = Abjad writing systems | Sogo = Abjad writing systems | Sora = Munda scripts | Soyo = Mongolian writing systems | Sunu = Writing systems of Asia | Sund = Indonesian scripts | Sylo = Brahmic scripts | Syrc = Syriac alphabet | Syre = Syriac alphabet | Syrj = Syriac alphabet | Syrn = Syriac alphabet | Tagb = Philippine scripts | Takr = Brahmic scripts | Tale = Tai Le script | Talu = New Tai Lue script | Taml = Tamil script | Tang = Tangut script | Tavt = Tai Viet script | Tayo = Brahmic scripts | Telu = Telugu language | Teng = Middle-earth writing systems | Tfng = Arabic language | Tglg = Philippine scripts | Thaa = Maldivian scripts | Thai = Thai language | Tibt = Tibetan script | Tirh = Brahmic scripts | Tnsa = Constructed scripts | Todr = Albanian scripts | Tols = Writing systems of Asia | Toto = Alphabetic writing systems | Tutg = Brahmic scripts | Ugar = Ugaritic alphabet | Vaii = Vai syllabary | Visp = Phonetic alphabets | Vith = Albanian scripts | Wara = Varang Kshiti | Wcho = Languages of Arunachal Pradesh | Wole = Woleai script | Xpeo = Old Persian language | Xsux = Cuneiform | Yezi = Yazidi | Yiii = Sino-Tibetan languages | Zanb = Mongolian writing systems | Zmth = Mathematical notation | Zsym = Symbols | Zsye = Emoji | Zinh | Zxxx | Zyyy | Zzzz = ISO 15924 | #default = Writing systems }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> ql8rcwhm1ogcn08qqfenwzv3orwbwxc 366679 366678 2026-08-23T13:29:39Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:ISO_15924/wp-category]] 366678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{alpha4|{{{1|}}}}}}<!-- ISO 15924 list as of 2025-04-24: 224 + Qaaa-Qabx codes --> | Adlm = Fula language | Afak = Syllabary writing systems | Aghb = Udi language | Ahom = Brahmic scripts | Arab = Arabic script | Aran = Arabic script | Armi = Abjad writing systems | Armn = Armenian alphabet | Avst = Avesta | Bali = Indonesian scripts | Bamu = Writing systems of Africa | Bass = Writing systems of Africa | Batk = Indonesian scripts | Beng = Bengali script | Berf = Writing systems of Africa | Bhks = Brahmic scripts | Blis = Auxiliary and educational artificial scripts | Bopo = Chinese scripts | Brah = Brahmic scripts | Brai = Braille | Bugi = Indonesian scripts | Buhd = Philippine scripts | Cakm = Brahmic scripts | Cans = Canadian Aboriginal syllabics | Cari = Carian language | Cham = Chamic languages | Cher = Cherokee language | Chis = Languages of India | Chrs = Abjad writing systems | Cirt = Middle-earth writing systems | Copt = Hellenic scripts | Cpmn = Undeciphered writing systems | Cprt = Hellenic scripts | Cyrl = Cyrillic script | Cyrs = Old Church Slavonic language | Deva = Devanagari | Diak = Maldivian scripts | Dogr = Dogri language#script | Dsrt = Writing systems of the Americas | Dupl = Duployan shorthand | Egyd = Ancient Egyptian language | Egyh = Ancient Egyptian language | Egyp = Egyptian hieroglyphs | Elba = Albanian scripts | Elym = Abjad writing systems | Ethi = Abugida writing systems | Gara = Writing systems of Africa | Geok = Georgian scripts | Geor = Georgian scripts | Glag = Alphabetic writing systems | Gong = Brahmic scripts | Gonm = Brahmic scripts | Goth = Gothic writing | Gran = Tamil script | Grek = Greek alphabet | Gujr = Brahmic scripts | Gukh = Brahmic scripts | Guru = Gurmukhi script | Hanb = Chinese characters | Hang = Hangul | Hani = Chinese characters | Hano = Philippine scripts | Hans = Simplified Chinese characters | Hant = Traditional Chinese characters | Hatr = Aramaic languages | Hebr = Hebrew alphabet | Hira = Kana | Hluw = Anatolian hieroglyphs | Hmng = Hmongic languages | Hmnp = Hmongic languages | Hntl = Latin-script orthographies | Hrkt = Kana | Hung = Runiform scripts | Inds = Indus Valley civilisation | Ital = Old Italic script | Jamo = Hangul | Java = Javanese script | Jpan = Japanese writing system | Jurc = Jurchen script | Kali = Brahmic scripts | Kana = Kana | Kawi = Indonesian scripts | Khar = Abugida writing systems | Khmr = Khmer script | Khoj = Brahmic scripts | Kitl = Khitan scripts | Kits = Khitan scripts | Knda = Kannada language | Kore = Korean writing system | Kpel = Kpelle syllabary | Krai = Bantawa language | Kthi = Brahmic scripts | Lana = Brahmic scripts | Laoo = Brahmic scripts | Latf = Blackletter | Latg = Gaelic script | Latn = Latin script | Leke = Leke script | Lepc = Brahmic scripts | Limb = Brahmic scripts | Lina = Aegean languages in the Bronze Age | Linb = Aegean languages in the Bronze Age | Lisu = Fraser alphabet | Loma = Loma script | Lyci = Lycian script | Lydi = Lydian script | Mahj = Mahajani script | Maka = Brahmic scripts | Mand = Abjad writing systems | Mani = Abjad writing systems | Marc = Tibetan script | Maya = Maya writing | Medf = Constructed scripts | Mend = Mende Kikakui script | Merc = Alphabetic writing systems | Mero = Alphabetic writing systems | Mlym = Malayalam script | Modi = Brahmic scripts | Mong = Classical Mongolian alphabet | Moon = Tactile alphabets | Mroo = Mro script | Mtei = Meitei Mayek script | Mult = Languages of Pakistan | Mymr = Brahmic scripts | Nagm = Writing systems of Asia | Nand = Brahmic scripts | Narb = Old North Arabian alphabet | Nbat = Nabataean alphabet | Newa = Brahmic scripts | Nkdb = Naxi language | Nkgb = Geba script | Nkoo = N'Ko script | Nshu = Nüshu script | Ogam = Ogham | Olck = Ol Chiki script | Onao = Munda scripts | Orkh = Runiform scripts | Orya = Brahmic scripts | Osge = Writing systems of the Americas | Osma = Osmanya script | Ougr = Obsolete writing systems | Palm = Abjad writing systems | Pauc = Pau Cin Han script | Pcun = Bronze Age writing systems | Pelm = Bronze Age writing systems | Perm = Old Permic script | Phag = Mongolian writing systems | Phli = Iranian inscriptions | Phlp = Iranian inscriptions | Phlv = Iranian inscriptions | Phnx = Phoenician alphabet | Piqd = Klingon alphabets | Plrd = Abugida writing systems | Prti = Iranian inscriptions | Psin = Proto-Sinaitic script | Qaaa | Qaab | Qaac | Qaad | Qaae | Qaaf | Qaag | Qaah | Qaai | Qaaj | Qaak | Qaal | Qaam | Qaan | Qaao | Qaap | Qaaq | Qaar | Qaas | Qaat | Qaau | Qaav | Qaaw | Qaax | Qaay | Qaaz | Qaba | Qabb | Qabc | Qabd | Qabe | Qabf | Qabg | Qabh | Qabi | Qabj | Qabk | Qabl | Qabm | Qabn | Qabo | Qabp | Qabq | Qabr | Qabs | Qabt | Qabu | Qabv | Qabw | Qabx | Qaaa-Qabx | Qaaa–Qabx = ISO 15924 | Ranj = Brahmic scripts | Rjng = Indonesian scripts | Rohg = Rohingya people | Roro = Rongorongo | Runr = Runic alphabet | Samr = Abjad writing systems | Sara = Middle-earth writing systems | Sarb = Old South Arabian script | Saur = Brahmic scripts | Seal = Obsolete writing systems | Sgnw = Sign language notation | Shaw = Shavian alphabet | Shrd = Brahmic scripts | Shui = Kam–Sui languages | Sidd = Brahmic scripts | Sidt = Sidetic language | Sind = Brahmic scripts | Sinh = Brahmic scripts | Sogd = Abjad writing systems | Sogo = Abjad writing systems | Sora = Munda scripts | Soyo = Mongolian writing systems | Sunu = Writing systems of Asia | Sund = Indonesian scripts | Sylo = Brahmic scripts | Syrc = Syriac alphabet | Syre = Syriac alphabet | Syrj = Syriac alphabet | Syrn = Syriac alphabet | Tagb = Philippine scripts | Takr = Brahmic scripts | Tale = Tai Le script | Talu = New Tai Lue script | Taml = Tamil script | Tang = Tangut script | Tavt = Tai Viet script | Tayo = Brahmic scripts | Telu = Telugu language | Teng = Middle-earth writing systems | Tfng = Arabic language | Tglg = Philippine scripts | Thaa = Maldivian scripts | Thai = Thai language | Tibt = Tibetan script | Tirh = Brahmic scripts | Tnsa = Constructed scripts | Todr = Albanian scripts | Tols = Writing systems of Asia | Toto = Alphabetic writing systems | Tutg = Brahmic scripts | Ugar = Ugaritic alphabet | Vaii = Vai syllabary | Visp = Phonetic alphabets | Vith = Albanian scripts | Wara = Varang Kshiti | Wcho = Languages of Arunachal Pradesh | Wole = Woleai script | Xpeo = Old Persian language | Xsux = Cuneiform | Yezi = Yazidi | Yiii = Sino-Tibetan languages | Zanb = Mongolian writing systems | Zmth = Mathematical notation | Zsym = Symbols | Zsye = Emoji | Zinh | Zxxx | Zyyy | Zzzz = ISO 15924 | #default = Writing systems }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> ql8rcwhm1ogcn08qqfenwzv3orwbwxc 10 28143 366680 2024-07-17T21:38:41Z en>Vanisaac 0 fix category call 366680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --> {{mbox | type=style | text=This template produces many [[_redlink page|red links]]. You can help making them [[WP:link|blue]]. How? See [[Template talk:ISO 15924/wp-category#You can help: solving red links|here]]. | date=August 2011 }} == Usage == This template takes an ISO 15924 ''Alpha-4'' code or its ''number'' as input, and returns the Category-name for that script in Wikipedia. The prefix ''Category;'' is not added. Examples: * {{tlx|ISO 15924/wp-category|<nowiki>alpha4=Latn</nowiki>}} → {{ISO 15924/wp-category|alpha4=Latn}}, can be used to compose this name: [[:Category:{{ISO 15924/wp-category|alpha4=Latn}}]] enh49shb39un1d2og5vh0bqxrekod24 366681 366680 2026-08-23T13:29:39Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:ISO_15924/wp-category/doc]] 366680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Categories and interwikis go at the bottom of this page. --> {{mbox | type=style | text=This template produces many [[_redlink page|red links]]. You can help making them [[WP:link|blue]]. How? See [[Template talk:ISO 15924/wp-category#You can help: solving red links|here]]. | date=August 2011 }} == Usage == This template takes an ISO 15924 ''Alpha-4'' code or its ''number'' as input, and returns the Category-name for that script in Wikipedia. The prefix ''Category;'' is not added. Examples: * {{tlx|ISO 15924/wp-category|<nowiki>alpha4=Latn</nowiki>}} → {{ISO 15924/wp-category|alpha4=Latn}}, can be used to compose this name: [[:Category:{{ISO 15924/wp-category|alpha4=Latn}}]] enh49shb39un1d2og5vh0bqxrekod24 10 28144 366710 2025-10-14T22:34:07Z en>Drmccreedy 0 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/1229804498|1229804498]] by [[Special:Contributions/41.4.15.101|41.4.15.101]] ([[User talk:41.4.15.101|talk]]) revert test edit 366710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} This list is also used in userboxes. This template returns a representative glyph corresponding to the ISO 15924 input code, either a four-letter code or three-digit numeric code. == Usage == * {{tlx|ISO 15924/script-example-character|Cyrl}} &rarr; {{ISO 15924/script-example-character|Cyrl}} * {{tlx|ISO 15924/script-example-character|220}} &rarr; {{ISO 15924/script-example-character|220}} * {{tlx|ISO 15924/script-example-character|Zzzz}} &rarr; {{ISO 15924/script-example-character|Zzzz}} The default output, when the input is not found in the list, or when a representative glyph has not been defined for a given script is a blank space. ==Template data== {{template data header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": {} } } </templatedata> {{ISO 15924 templates/doc}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:ISO 15924 templates|Example character]] }}</includeonly> rv6xsuxgp6w3449193da79lmik21ye8 366711 366710 2026-08-23T13:30:18Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:ISO_15924/script-example-character/doc]] 366710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{High-use}} This list is also used in userboxes. This template returns a representative glyph corresponding to the ISO 15924 input code, either a four-letter code or three-digit numeric code. == Usage == * {{tlx|ISO 15924/script-example-character|Cyrl}} &rarr; {{ISO 15924/script-example-character|Cyrl}} * {{tlx|ISO 15924/script-example-character|220}} &rarr; {{ISO 15924/script-example-character|220}} * {{tlx|ISO 15924/script-example-character|Zzzz}} &rarr; {{ISO 15924/script-example-character|Zzzz}} The default output, when the input is not found in the list, or when a representative glyph has not been defined for a given script is a blank space. ==Template data== {{template data header}} <templatedata> { "params": { "1": {} } } </templatedata> {{ISO 15924 templates/doc}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| [[Category:ISO 15924 templates|Example character]] }}</includeonly> rv6xsuxgp6w3449193da79lmik21ye8 11 28145 366712 2024-07-02T15:10:11Z en>Cewbot 0 [[User:Cewbot/log/20200122/configuration|Maintain {{WPBS}}]]: 1 WikiProject template. Create {{WPBS}}. 366712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WikiProject banner shell| {{WikiProject Writing systems}} }} == Cyrillic letter == The choice of [[Я]] is not good, because it is unknown in [[Serbian alphabet|Serbian]], as well as in Old Slavonic where [[ѧ]] was used. I propose to use one of [[Ш]], [[Д]] and [[Л]], which are present in all languages and are not less distinguishable than "Я". [[User:Incnis Mrsi|Incnis Mrsi]] ([[User talk:Incnis Mrsi|talk]]) 16:43, 30 December 2011 (UTC) :It ''is'' a Cyrillic letter. There are many Cyrillic letters that are not in the Serbian alphabet. otoh, the three alternatives are usable too. -[[User:DePiep|DePiep]] ([[User talk:DePiep|talk]]) 17:21, 30 December 2011 (UTC) ::I like it. Will change it into Д. -[[User:DePiep|DePiep]] ([[User talk:DePiep|talk]]) 00:48, 2 January 2012 (UTC) == Sarati == I suggest adding a sample character for the [[Sarati script]]. Maybe I will upload a .png myself (but it would be better if someone else could upload a .svg file instead) <span style="font-family:Junicode;background:#F5DEB3;border: 4px ridge #80461B; border-radius:3px;">&nbsp;[[User:Asþont|ᚪᛋᚦᚩᚾᛏ&nbsp;(Asþont)]]&nbsp;&#124;&nbsp;[[User talk:Asþont|Talk]]&nbsp;</span> 14:36, 13 August 2016 (UTC) ::I learnt how to create .SVGs and uploaded one sarat [[:File:Sarat vertical k.svg]]. I will use this as a preview gliph for [[Sarati]]. <span style="font-family:Junicode;background:#F5DEB3;border: 4px ridge #80461B; border-radius:3px;">&nbsp;[[User:Asþont|ᚪᛋᚦᚩᚾᛏ&nbsp;(Asþont)]]&nbsp;&#124;&nbsp;[[User talk:Asþont|Talk]]&nbsp;</span> 09:09, 24 August 2016 (UTC) == Tibetan == {{Edit extended-protected|Template:ISO 15924/script-example-character|answered=yes}} The Tibetan script in this document is incorrectly encoded with the 4-character ISO-15924 sequence for Inscriptional Parthian, “Prti”. It must be corrected to “Tibt”. Please change “Prti” to “Tibt”. [[User:Hermes Thrice Great|Hermes Thrice Great]] ([[User talk:Hermes Thrice Great|talk]]) 13:51, 27 May 2023 (UTC) :{{done}}<!-- Template:EEp --> [[User:Lizthegrey|lizthegrey]] ([[User talk:Lizthegrey|talk]]) 03:17, 29 May 2023 (UTC) ==Phoenician== {{edit extended-protected|Template:ISO 15924/script-example-character|answered=yes}} The letter of the [[Phoenician alphabet]] (labeled as Phnx) is, for some reason, a Greek [[Delta (letter)|Delta]]; I think it should be replaced with a Phoenician Aleph - 𐤀. [[User:פעמי-עליון|פעמי-עליון]] ([[User talk:פעמי-עליון|talk]]) 13:26, 5 July 2023 (UTC) :{{done}}<!-- Template:EEp --> [[User:Deauthorized|Deauthorized]]. ^{([[User_talk:Deauthorized|talk]])} 14:41, 5 July 2023 (UTC) 54rz3r552xfnwp6cz0ltrobfnxk7p1i 366713 366712 2026-08-23T13:30:19Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template_talk:ISO_15924/script-example-character]] 366712 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WikiProject banner shell| {{WikiProject Writing systems}} }} == Cyrillic letter == The choice of [[Я]] is not good, because it is unknown in [[Serbian alphabet|Serbian]], as well as in Old Slavonic where [[ѧ]] was used. I propose to use one of [[Ш]], [[Д]] and [[Л]], which are present in all languages and are not less distinguishable than "Я". [[User:Incnis Mrsi|Incnis Mrsi]] ([[User talk:Incnis Mrsi|talk]]) 16:43, 30 December 2011 (UTC) :It ''is'' a Cyrillic letter. There are many Cyrillic letters that are not in the Serbian alphabet. otoh, the three alternatives are usable too. -[[User:DePiep|DePiep]] ([[User talk:DePiep|talk]]) 17:21, 30 December 2011 (UTC) ::I like it. Will change it into Д. -[[User:DePiep|DePiep]] ([[User talk:DePiep|talk]]) 00:48, 2 January 2012 (UTC) == Sarati == I suggest adding a sample character for the [[Sarati script]]. Maybe I will upload a .png myself (but it would be better if someone else could upload a .svg file instead) <span style="font-family:Junicode;background:#F5DEB3;border: 4px ridge #80461B; border-radius:3px;">&nbsp;[[User:Asþont|ᚪᛋᚦᚩᚾᛏ&nbsp;(Asþont)]]&nbsp;&#124;&nbsp;[[User talk:Asþont|Talk]]&nbsp;</span> 14:36, 13 August 2016 (UTC) ::I learnt how to create .SVGs and uploaded one sarat [[:File:Sarat vertical k.svg]]. I will use this as a preview gliph for [[Sarati]]. <span style="font-family:Junicode;background:#F5DEB3;border: 4px ridge #80461B; border-radius:3px;">&nbsp;[[User:Asþont|ᚪᛋᚦᚩᚾᛏ&nbsp;(Asþont)]]&nbsp;&#124;&nbsp;[[User talk:Asþont|Talk]]&nbsp;</span> 09:09, 24 August 2016 (UTC) == Tibetan == {{Edit extended-protected|Template:ISO 15924/script-example-character|answered=yes}} The Tibetan script in this document is incorrectly encoded with the 4-character ISO-15924 sequence for Inscriptional Parthian, “Prti”. It must be corrected to “Tibt”. Please change “Prti” to “Tibt”. [[User:Hermes Thrice Great|Hermes Thrice Great]] ([[User talk:Hermes Thrice Great|talk]]) 13:51, 27 May 2023 (UTC) :{{done}}<!-- Template:EEp --> [[User:Lizthegrey|lizthegrey]] ([[User talk:Lizthegrey|talk]]) 03:17, 29 May 2023 (UTC) ==Phoenician== {{edit extended-protected|Template:ISO 15924/script-example-character|answered=yes}} The letter of the [[Phoenician alphabet]] (labeled as Phnx) is, for some reason, a Greek [[Delta (letter)|Delta]]; I think it should be replaced with a Phoenician Aleph - 𐤀. [[User:פעמי-עליון|פעמי-עליון]] ([[User talk:פעמי-עליון|talk]]) 13:26, 5 July 2023 (UTC) :{{done}}<!-- Template:EEp --> [[User:Deauthorized|Deauthorized]]. ^{([[User_talk:Deauthorized|talk]])} 14:41, 5 July 2023 (UTC) 54rz3r552xfnwp6cz0ltrobfnxk7p1i 10 28146 366716 2024-07-19T12:59:42Z en>Gonnym 0 bypass redirect 366716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | code = {{ISO 15924 code|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}} | alias = {{ISO 15924 alias|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}} | name = {{ISO 15924 name|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}} | number | numeric = {{ISO 15924 number|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}} | wp-category = {{ISO 15924/wp-category|{{{1|}}}}} | wp-catlink | wpcat = [[Category:{{ISO 15924/wp-category|{{{1|}}}}}]] | wp-name = {{ISO 15924/wp-article|{{{1|}}}}} | article = [[{{ISO 15924/wp-article|{{{1|}}}}}]] | example | character | script-example-character = {{ISO 15924/script-example-character|{{{1|}}}}} | sandbox = sandbox:[[{{ISO 15924/wp-article|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}}{{!}}{{ISO 15924 code|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}}, {{ISO 15924 number|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}}, {{ISO 15924 name|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}} - {{ISO 15924 alias|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}}]] | list | #default = <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{ISO 15924 code|{{{1|}}}}}||{{{default|}}}|<!-- -->[[{{ISO 15924/wp-article|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}}{{!}}<!-- -->{{ISO 15924 code|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}}, <!-- -->{{ISO 15924 number|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}} - <!-- -->{{ISO 15924 alias|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}}<!-- -->]]}}</includeonly>}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> iqldk3goioekivp0boikfywxg2g9gsc 366717 366716 2026-08-23T13:31:53Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:ISO_15924]] 366716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch: {{lc:{{{2|}}}}} | code = {{ISO 15924 code|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}} | alias = {{ISO 15924 alias|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}} | name = {{ISO 15924 name|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}} | number | numeric = {{ISO 15924 number|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}} | wp-category = {{ISO 15924/wp-category|{{{1|}}}}} | wp-catlink | wpcat = [[Category:{{ISO 15924/wp-category|{{{1|}}}}}]] | wp-name = {{ISO 15924/wp-article|{{{1|}}}}} | article = [[{{ISO 15924/wp-article|{{{1|}}}}}]] | example | character | script-example-character = {{ISO 15924/script-example-character|{{{1|}}}}} | sandbox = sandbox:[[{{ISO 15924/wp-article|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}}{{!}}{{ISO 15924 code|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}}, {{ISO 15924 number|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}}, {{ISO 15924 name|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}} - {{ISO 15924 alias|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}}]] | list | #default = <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{ISO 15924 code|{{{1|}}}}}||{{{default|}}}|<!-- -->[[{{ISO 15924/wp-article|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}}{{!}}<!-- -->{{ISO 15924 code|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}}, <!-- -->{{ISO 15924 number|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}} - <!-- -->{{ISO 15924 alias|{{{1|}}}| default={{{default|}}}}}<!-- -->]]}}</includeonly>}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> iqldk3goioekivp0boikfywxg2g9gsc 10 28147 366718 2024-07-17T20:25:44Z en>Jonesey95 0 add transclusionless template to keep this page off of reports 366718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{transclusionless|reason=it is a parent template to subpages that are used in a few articles and templates}} ==Usage== This template is a wrapper to call some other ISO 15924 templates. Options are:<br/> <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{ISO 15924 | <!-- parameter #1 = ISO code --> | <!-- parameter #2 = which output? --> code alias name, number wp-category, wp-catlink, wpcat wp-name article example, character, script-example-character }} </syntaxhighlight> {{ISO 15924 templates/doc}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here --> [[Category:ISO 15924 templates]] }}</includeonly> rc7xc9wcyh8cmrvcxw3txdq5eunzjz7 366719 366718 2026-08-23T13:31:54Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:ISO_15924/doc]] 366718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} {{transclusionless|reason=it is a parent template to subpages that are used in a few articles and templates}} ==Usage== This template is a wrapper to call some other ISO 15924 templates. Options are:<br/> <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{ISO 15924 | <!-- parameter #1 = ISO code --> | <!-- parameter #2 = which output? --> code alias name, number wp-category, wp-catlink, wpcat wp-name article example, character, script-example-character }} </syntaxhighlight> {{ISO 15924 templates/doc}} <includeonly>{{Sandbox other|| <!-- Categories go here --> [[Category:ISO 15924 templates]] }}</includeonly> rc7xc9wcyh8cmrvcxw3txdq5eunzjz7 0 28148 366731 2026-08-23T14:18:10Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 ಪೊಸ ಲೇಕನೊ 366731 wikitext text/x-wiki ಸೋಣ ಶನಿವಾರ್ ಪಂಡ ತುಳುನಾಡ್ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಕರಾವಳಿ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕೊಡು ಸೋಣ (ಸಿಂಹ) ತಿಂಗೊಲುಡು ಶನಿವಾರ ಆಚರಣೆ. ಉಂದು ತುಳುವೆರೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ವಿಶೇಷ ಉಪವಾಸ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊ. ಆರೋಗ್ಯ, ಧರ್ಮ, ಗ್ರಾಮ ಬದ್‍ಕ್‍ದ ಆಚರಣೆ ಆದ್ ತುಳುನಾಡ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಡ್ ಇಂದೆಕ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಸ್ತಾನೊ ಉಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |last1=ಕುತ್ಯಾಳ |first1=ಶಶಿಧರ |title=ಸೋಣ ಶನಿವಾರ: ತುಳುನಾಡಿನ ಹಳ್ಳಿ ಮಂದಿಯ ಸಂಭ್ರಮದ ಹಬ್ಬ |url=https://www.prajavani.net/district/dakshina-kannada/sona-shanivara-festival-of-tulunadu-village-people-celebrates-859880.html |website=Prajavani |language=kn}}</ref> == ಉಪವಾಸೊ ಕ್ರಮೊ == ಬೊಲ್ಪುಗು ದಾಲ ಉನಿಂದೆ ತಿನಂದೆ ಉಪವಾಸ ಇಪ್ಪೊಡು. ಅಂಚನೆ ಮದ್ಯಾಹ್ನಗ್ ದೈವೊಗು ಕೈ ಮುಗಿದ್ ಉನ್ಪುನ ಕ್ರಮೊ ಉಂಡು. == ದೇವತಾರಾದನೆ == ಊರುದ ದೇಸ್ತಾನೊಲೆಡ್ ವಿಶೇಷವಾದ್ ಶನಿ ದೇವೆರೆಗ್ ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಕುಟುಮ್ಮೊದ ದೈವೊಲೆ ಆರಾದನೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪ್ರಾರ್ತನೆ ನಡಪುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=ಪೆರಾಜೆ ಶ್ರೀ ಶಾಸ್ತಾವು ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನದಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಶೇಷ ಶನಿ ಪೂಜೆ , ಸೋಣ ಶನಿವಾರ ಪೂಜೆ ಹಾಗೂ ಬಲಿವಾಡು ಕೂಟ |url=https://sullia.suddinews.com/archives/877397#google_vignette |website=Suddi Sullia |date=22 August 2026}}</ref> ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಇಲ್ಲಡೆಡ್ ಯಜಮಾನೆರ್ ಯಜಮಾನ್ತಿ ಜೋಕ್ಲು ಒಟ್ಟೂಗು ಕುಲ್ಲುದ್ ಕಾಯಿ ಕಜಿಪುದ ಒನಸ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ ಕ್ರಮೊ. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == {{reflist}} 8cyxw9121b2h6758ga2hvhna5mrfipm 366732 366731 2026-08-23T14:20:39Z Vishwanatha Badikana 38 366732 wikitext text/x-wiki ಸೋಣ ಶನಿವಾರ್ ಪಂಡ [[ತುಳುನಾಡ್]] ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಕರಾವಳಿ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕೊಡು [[ಸೋಣೊ|ಸೋಣ]] (ಸಿಂಹ) ತಿಂಗೊಲುಡು ಶನಿವಾರ ಆಚರಣೆ. ಉಂದು ತುಳುವೆರೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ವಿಶೇಷ ಉಪವಾಸ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊ. ಆರೋಗ್ಯ, ಧರ್ಮ, ಗ್ರಾಮ ಬದ್‍ಕ್‍ದ ಆಚರಣೆ ಆದ್ ತುಳುನಾಡ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಡ್ ಇಂದೆಕ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಸ್ತಾನೊ ಉಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |last1=ಕುತ್ಯಾಳ |first1=ಶಶಿಧರ |title=ಸೋಣ ಶನಿವಾರ: ತುಳುನಾಡಿನ ಹಳ್ಳಿ ಮಂದಿಯ ಸಂಭ್ರಮದ ಹಬ್ಬ |url=https://www.prajavani.net/district/dakshina-kannada/sona-shanivara-festival-of-tulunadu-village-people-celebrates-859880.html |website=Prajavani |language=kn}}</ref> == ಉಪವಾಸೊ ಕ್ರಮೊ == ಬೊಲ್ಪುಗು ದಾಲ ಉನಿಂದೆ ತಿನಂದೆ ಉಪವಾಸ ಇಪ್ಪೊಡು. ಅಂಚನೆ ಮದ್ಯಾಹ್ನಗ್ ದೈವೊಗು ಕೈ ಮುಗಿದ್ ಉನ್ಪುನ ಕ್ರಮೊ ಉಂಡು. == ದೇವತಾರಾದನೆ == ಊರುದ ದೇಸ್ತಾನೊಲೆಡ್ ವಿಶೇಷವಾದ್ ಶನಿ ದೇವೆರೆಗ್ ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಕುಟುಮ್ಮೊದ ದೈವೊಲೆ ಆರಾದನೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪ್ರಾರ್ತನೆ ನಡಪುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=ಪೆರಾಜೆ ಶ್ರೀ ಶಾಸ್ತಾವು ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನದಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಶೇಷ ಶನಿ ಪೂಜೆ , ಸೋಣ ಶನಿವಾರ ಪೂಜೆ ಹಾಗೂ ಬಲಿವಾಡು ಕೂಟ |url=https://sullia.suddinews.com/archives/877397#google_vignette |website=Suddi Sullia |date=22 August 2026}}</ref> ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಇಲ್ಲಡೆಡ್ ಯಜಮಾನೆರ್ ಯಜಮಾನ್ತಿ ಜೋಕ್ಲು ಒಟ್ಟೂಗು ಕುಲ್ಲುದ್ ಕಾಯಿ [[ಕಜಿಪು]]ದ ಒನಸ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ ಕ್ರಮೊ. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ == {{reflist}} nijza3dtlq810kf6m02wyijcbtzkrw2 366734 366732 2026-08-23T14:44:17Z ChiK 1136 366734 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ಸೋಣ ಸನಿಯಾರೊ''' ಪಂಡ [[ತುಳುನಾಡ್]] ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಕರಾವಳಿ ಕರ್ನಾಟಕೊಡು [[ಸೋಣೊ|ಸೋಣ]] (ಸಿಂಹ) ತಿಂಗೊಲುಡು ಶನಿವಾರ ಆಚರಣೆ. ಉಂದು ತುಳುವೆರೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ವಿಶೇಷ ಉಪವಾಸ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊ. ಆರೋಗ್ಯ, ಧರ್ಮ, ಗ್ರಾಮ ಬದ್‍ಕ್‍ದ ಆಚರಣೆ ಆದ್ ತುಳುನಾಡ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಡ್ ಇಂದೆಕ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಸ್ತಾನೊ ಉಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |last1=ಕುತ್ಯಾಳ |first1=ಶಶಿಧರ |title=ಸೋಣ ಶನಿವಾರ: ತುಳುನಾಡಿನ ಹಳ್ಳಿ ಮಂದಿಯ ಸಂಭ್ರಮದ ಹಬ್ಬ |url=https://www.prajavani.net/district/dakshina-kannada/sona-shanivara-festival-of-tulunadu-village-people-celebrates-859880.html |website=Prajavani |language=kn}}</ref> == ಉಪವಾಸೊ ಕ್ರಮೊ == ಬೊಲ್ಪುಗು ದಾಲ ಉನಿಂದೆ ತಿನಂದೆ ಉಪವಾಸ ಇಪ್ಪೊಡು. ಅಂಚನೆ ಮದ್ಯಾಹ್ನಗ್ ದೈವೊಗು ಕೈ ಮುಗಿದ್ ಉನ್ಪುನ ಕ್ರಮೊ ಉಂಡು. == ದೇವತಾರಾದನೆ == ಊರುದ ದೇಸ್ತಾನೊಲೆಡ್ ವಿಶೇಷವಾದ್ ಶನಿ ದೇವೆರೆಗ್ ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಕುಟುಮ್ಮೊದ ದೈವೊಲೆ ಆರಾದನೆ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪ್ರಾರ್ತನೆ ನಡಪುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=ಪೆರಾಜೆ ಶ್ರೀ ಶಾಸ್ತಾವು ದೇವಸ್ಥಾನದಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಶೇಷ ಶನಿ ಪೂಜೆ , ಸೋಣ ಶನಿವಾರ ಪೂಜೆ ಹಾಗೂ ಬಲಿವಾಡು ಕೂಟ |url=https://sullia.suddinews.com/archives/877397#google_vignette |website=Suddi Sullia |date=22 August 2026}}</ref> ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಇಲ್ಲಡೆಡ್ ಯಜಮಾನೆರ್ ಯಜಮಾನ್ತಿ ಜೋಕ್ಲು ಒಟ್ಟೂಗು ಕುಲ್ಲುದ್ ಕಾಯಿ [[ಕಜಿಪು]]ದ ಒನಸ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆ ಕ್ರಮೊ. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{reflist}} ryvv5gf9utyuolqq3nkvhhrgz6iwul2 0 28149 366733 2026-08-23T14:39:48Z Pragathi. BH 6361 "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1369501351|Askania-Nova]]" ಪುಟವನ್ನು ಅನುವಾದಿಸುವುದರಿಂದ ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಸಲಾಯಿತು 366733 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾ''' ( {{Lang|uk|Асканія-Нова}} ), Ukrainian ಭಾಷೆಡ್ ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಶೀರ್ಷಿಕೆ <span lang="uk">Фальц-ಫೆನಾ</span> ) ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಖೆರ್ಸನ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ಡ್ ಒಲೆಶ್ಕಿ ಪೊಯ್ಯೆದ ಕೈತಲ್ಡು ನುಂಗ್ ನ ಪಂತಿದ ಬಾಯಲ್ಲಿ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಜೀವಗೋಳ ಪ್ರದೇಸ . ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ ಮ್ಯಾನ್ ಅಂಡ್ ದ ಬಯೋಸ್ಫಿಯರ್ ಪ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಮ್ ದ ಒಂಜಿ ಕ್ರಿಯಾತ್ಮಕ ಸದಸ್ಯೆ, ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊದ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಆವಾಸಸ್ಥಾನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಜಾತಿಲೆನ್ ನಡಪಾವುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು, ಅಂಚನೆ ಜಗತ್ತ್ ದ ಅಪರೂಪದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿಲಕ್ಷಣ ಪ್ರಾಣಿ ಜಾತಿಲೆನ್ ಲಾ ಕಾಳಜಿ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಕೃಷಿ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿದ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಶೋಧನಾ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಲಾ ಅಂದ್. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ಉದ್ಯಾನವನೊಕು ಸೇರ್ದುಂಡು, ಅಂಚನೆ 33,000 ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್ (81,000+ ಎಕರೆ) ಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಹುಲ್ಲುಗಾವಲುದ ಆವಾಸಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಕೋರೆದ ಸಸ್ತನಿಲೆನ ಹಿಂಡುಲೆಗ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು. ನೂದೆಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಸಸ್ಯ ಜಾತಿಲೆನ್ ತೋಜಾವುನ ಅನೇಕ ಸಸ್ಯಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ (ಡೆಂಡ್ರೊಲಾಜಿಕಲ್) ಉದ್ಯಾನೊಲುಲಾ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕನ್ಯೆ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆದ ಒಂಜಿ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಓಪನ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಉಂಡು. ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ತಾಣೊಲೆನ ತಾತ್ಕಾಲಿಕ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. [[Category:Articles containing Ukrainian-language text]] [[ಫೈಲ್:Аскания-Нова_(заповедник).jpg|thumb]] == ಚರಿತ್ರೆ == [[ಫೈಲ್:Rote_Insel15.JPG|left|thumb|133x133px| ಫಾಲ್ಜ್-ಫೀನ್ ನ ಸಮಾಧಿ]] ಈ ಪ್ರಕೃತಿ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊನು 1898ಡ್ ಫ್ರೆಡ್ರಿಕ್-ಜಾಕೊಬ್ ಎಡ್ವರ್ಡೊವಿಚ್ ಫಾಲ್ಜ್-ಫೀನ್ ಮೇರ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ (1863-1920)ಡ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಜರ್ಮನ್ ವಸಾಹತು ಆಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾದ ಸುತ್ತ ಮುತ್ತಲ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು 1890ಡ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಘಟಿತ ವಸಾಹತು ಆಂಡ್ . <ref name="OUCI">{{Cite journal|title=Falz-Fein Biosphere Reserve "Askania-Nova" (dedicated to the 125th foundation anniversary)|url=https://ouci.dntb.gov.ua/en/works/4wNWe5z7/|journal=OUCI|accessdate=2024-05-15}}</ref> ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೧೯೧೯ಡ್, ರಾಜ್ಯ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಕರಣ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ರೆಡ್ ಆರ್ಮಿ ಫಾಲ್ಜ್-ಫೀನ್ ಕುಟುಂಬೊಡ್ದ್ ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾನ್ ಜಪ್ತಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಕಡೆತ ಮಾಲೀಕೆರ್ ಜರ್ಮನಿಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ನಿರಾಕರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫ್ರೆಡ್ರಿಕ್ ಫಾಲ್ಜ್-ಫೀನ್ ನ ಅಮ್ಮೆರ್ ಸೋಫಿಯಾ-ಲೂಯಿಸ್ ಬೊಹ್ಡಾನಿವ್ನಾ (ಗೊಟ್ಲಿಬ್) ಕ್ನಾಫ್ (೧೮೩೫-೧೯೧೯) ಆದಿತ್ತೆರ್.ತನ್ನ ಖೋರ್ಲಿಡ್ ಎಸ್ಟೇಟ್ ನ್ ಕೊರೆರೆ ನಿರಾಕರಣೆಡ್ದ್ ಅಲೆನ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ರೆಡ್ ಆರ್ಮಿ ಗಾರ್ಡ್ಸ್ ಮೆನ್ ನಕುಲು ಗುಂಡು ಪಾಡ್ದ್ ಕೆರಿಯೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dezimmer.net/NabokovFamilyWeb/nfw01/nfw01_187.htm|title=Falz-Fein Lineage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126002345/http://www.dezimmer.net/NabokovFamilyWeb/nfw01/nfw01_187.htm|archivedate=November 26, 2022}}</ref> ಏಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೧, ೧೯೧೯ಡ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ದ ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್ ಆಫ್ ಪೀಪಲ್ಸ್ ಕಮಿಷರ್ಸ್ ನ ಆದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾನ್ ಪೀಪಲ್ಸ್ ಸ್ಯಾಂಕ್ಚುರಿ ಪಾರ್ಕ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಘೋಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್; ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೮, ೧೯೨೧ಡ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ದ ರಾಜ್ಯ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ರಿಸರ್ವ್ ಆದ್ ಪುನರ್ಸಂಘಟಿತ ಆಂಡ್. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Передера|first=С. Б.|last2=Кінаш|first2=О. В.|date=2015-06-26|title=Визначення чутливості грибів роду Mucor та Aspergillus до деяких речовин рослинного походження|journal=Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії|issue=1–2|pages=102–105|doi=10.31210/visnyk2015.1-2.21|issn=2415-3362}}</ref> ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊಲು ಕನ್ಯೆ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುದ ಪರಿಸರೊನು ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಧ್ಯಯನ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು, ಅಂಚನೆ ಬಹುಶಃ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆದ ಪ್ರಾಣಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಸ್ಯೊಲೆನ ಬಗೆನ್ ಒಗ್ಗೂಡುನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಧ್ಯಯನ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು. ಆಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾ ಒಂಜಿ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ-ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ ಆಂಡ್, ಸಂತಾನೋತ್ಪತ್ತಿ ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಮೃಗಾಲಯ-ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ ಆಂಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ ಫೈಟೊ -ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ ಆಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಲೆನ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಾಂಡ್. ಗಮನಾರ್ಹವಾದ್, ಮೃಗಾಲಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೊಟಾನಿಕಲ್ ಗಾರ್ಡನ್ ನ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಮೀಸಲುದ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಮೀಸಲುದ ಭಾಗೊಲು, ಒಂಜಿ ಅಕ್ಲೈಮೇಟೈಸೇಶನ್ ಮೃಗಾಲಯ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಆರ್ಬೊರೆಟಮ್ ಉಂಡು. ೧೯೩೨ ಡ್ದ್ ೧೯೫೬ ಮುಟ್ಟ, ಎಂ. ಇವಾನೋವ್ ನ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಲೆನ ಮಿಶ್ರತಳಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹವಾಮಾನೊಗು ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್ ಈ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊನು ಆಲ್-ಯೂನಿಯನ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ-ಸಂಶೋಧನಾ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ ಆದ್ ಪರಿವರ್ತಿಸಯೆರ್. ಉಂದೆಟ್ 12 ಇಲಾಖೆಲು (ಬೊಟಾನಿಕಲ್ ಗಾರ್ಡನ್, ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ರಿಸರ್ವ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೃಗಾಲಯ ಸೇರ್ದ್), ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಯೋಗಾಲಯೊಲು, ಪ್ರಯೋಗಾತ್ಮಕ ಕೃಷಿನ್ ನಡಪಾವುನವು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೃಷಿ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಲೆನ ನಾಲ್ ಸಂತಾನೋತ್ಪತ್ತಿ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊಲು ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಈ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ ತಳಿ ಸೃಷ್ಟಿ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರೊಡು ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ-ಸಂಶೋಧನಾ ಕಾರ್ಯೊಲೆನ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಆಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಳಿ ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಲೆನ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಆಂಡ್. ಸುರುತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡು, ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶವೊಂದು ಹಾನಿ ಆಂಡ್. <ref name="OUCI" /> ೧೯೮೩ಡ್, ಆಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾನ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಜೀವಗೋಳ ಮೀಸಲು ಆದ್ ಪುನರ್ಸಂಘಟಿಸಯೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದುಂಬುದ ವರ್ಷ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋದ ಜೀವಗೋಳ ಮೀಸಲುಲೆನ ವಿಶ್ವ ಜಾಲಬಂಧೊದ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಸದಸ್ಯೆ ಆದ್ ಗೊತ್ತುಪಡಿಸಯೆರ್. <ref name="OUCI" /> ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟದ ಪತನೊರ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ೧೯೯೩ಡ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಜೀವಗೋಳ ಮೀಸಲು ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾದ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನೊನು ದೃಢಪಡಿಸಾಯಿನವು. ೨೦೦೮ಡ್, ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾನ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಏಳ್ ಅದ್ಭುತೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. === ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹಾನಿ === ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೨೦೨೨ಡ್, ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಗು ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊರ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾದ ಆಡಳಿತೊನು ರಷ್ಯಾ ತನ್ನ ಕೈತಲ್ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್, <ref>{{Cite web|last=Vasyliuk|first=Oleksii|title=Askania Nova Biosphere Reserve captured by invaders|url=https://uwecworkgroup.info/askania-nova-biosphere-reserve-captured-by-invaders/|website=Ukraine War Environmental Consequences Work Group|accessdate=2 September 2023}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆಸ್ ನ್ ಬೇಟೆದ ಮೈದಾನೊಲೆಗ್ ಪುನರ್ವರ್ಗೀಕರಣ ಮಲ್ತೊಂಡೆರ್. ಚೂರು ಸಮಯೊಡ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಉದ್ಯಾನವನೊಟು ಬೇಟೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಜಿಂಕೆದ ಶವೊಕುಲೆನ ಒಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಸೈನಿಕೆರೆನ್ ಉಂತ್ ನ ಫೋಟೋಗ್ರಾಫ್ ಲೆನ್ ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಮಾಧ್ಯಮೊಡು ಪಾಡ್ದೆರ್. ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಸೈನಿಕೆರ್ನೆರ್ದ್ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ ಭಾರೀ ವಾಹಿನಿಯೊಂದು ಬಲಿತೊಂದು , ಗುಂಡಿಲೆನ್ ತೋಡೊಂದು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೂತ ಕಾರಣವಾದ್ ಉದ್ಯಾನವನೊಗು ಹಾನಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref name="ecopolitic">{{Cite web|title=Occupied Askania-Nova is suffering from fires, the loss of animals and incompetence|url=https://ecopolitic.com.ua/en/news/occupied-askania-nova-is-suffering-from-fires-the-loss-of-animals-and-incompetence/|website=Ecopolitic|date=2026-08-02|accessdate=2024-05-15}}</ref> ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾನ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ''ಅನುಪಸ್ಥಿತಿಡ್'' ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಿಸೊಂದುಂಡು, ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ದೇಣಿಗೆಲು ಸಂಸ್ಥೆನ್ ಬುಡ್ದು ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಬಲವಂತೊ ಆಯಿನ ಮಾಜಿ ಉದ್ಯೋಗಿಲೆಗ್ ಸಹಾಯ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಕಡೆಟ್ ಕೊಡುಗೆ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೨೦೨೩ಡ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಸಹಯೋಗಿ ಡಿಮಿಟ್ರೊ ಮೆಶ್ಚೆರ್ಯಾಕೊವ್ ನ್ ರಿಸರ್ವ್ ದ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರಾದ್ ನೇಮಕ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref name="ecopolitic" /> ಏಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೨೦೨೬ಡ್, ಮೆಶ್ಚೆರ್ಯಾಕೊವ್ ಖೆರ್ಸನ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ತಾತ್ಕಾಲಿಕ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡು ಅಕ್ರಮವಾದ್ ಜಪ್ತಿ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೀಸಲುದ ಬಳಕೆಗ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟಿನ ಕ್ರಿಮಿನಲ್ ಅಪರಾಧೊಲೆಡ್ ತಪ್ಪಿತಸ್ಥೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ತೀರ್ಪು ಕೊರ್ಯೆರ್. <ref name="most">{{Cite web|title=The occupation has provoked an unprecedented mortality among ungulates in the Askania-Nova Reserve|url=https://most.ks.ua/en/news/url/okupatsija-sprovokuvala-bezpretsedentnu-za-ostanni-80-rokiv-zagibel-kopitnih-u-zapovidniku-askanija-nova|website=Most|date=2026-05-18|accessdate=2024-05-15}}</ref> ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೨೦೨೪ಡ್, ಖೆರ್ಸನ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ದ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗವರ್ನರ್ ಒಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್ ಪ್ರೊಕುಡಿನ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಸೈನ್ಯೊಲೆನ ಲೂಟಿ, ಕ್ರಿಮಿಯಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಷ್ಯಾಗ್ ಅಯಿತ ವನ್ಯಜೀವಿಲೆನ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಖೋವ್ಕಾ ಅಣೆಕಟ್ಟ್ ದ ನಾಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಉಂಡಾತಿನ ಪ್ರವಾಹೊಡ್ದ್ ಈ ಮೀಸಲು "ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವೊಡು ಇಜ್ಜಿ" ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರ್ ವಿಕ್ಟರ್ ಶಾಪೊವಲ್ ಈ ವಾದೊಲೆನ್ ನಿರಾಕರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಆರ್ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಗು ಹಾನಿ ಆಂಡ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್, ಪ್ರಾಣಿಲೆನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾ ದೆತೊನುಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನೆನ್ ಖಚಿತಪಡಿಸವುನಗ, ಬೇತೆ ವನ್ಯಜೀವಿಲು ನಿರ್ಲಕ್ಷ್ಯೊಡ್ದ್ ಸೈತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಭಾಗೊಲು ಪೊತ್ತುದು ಪೋಯಿನವು ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ತೆರಿಪಾಯೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Svitlyk|first=Daria|title=Kherson Oblast nature reserve damaged but not fully destroyed by Russia, director clarifies|url=https://kyivindependent.com/kherson-oblast-nature-reserve/|website=The Kyiv Independent|accessdate=19 August 2024}}</ref> ==== 2026 ಬೆಂಕಿಲು ==== ಜೂನ್ ೨೦೨೬ಡ್, ರಡ್ಡ್ ಮಲ್ಲ ಪ್ರಮಾಣದ ಸೂತ ಅವಘಡೊಲು ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊನು ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಸೆಂಟಿನೆಲ್-೨ ಉಪಗ್ರಹ ಚಿತ್ರಣ ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆದ ಆಧಾರೊಡು, ಸೂ ನು ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ "ಪಿವ್ಡೆನ್ಯಿ" (ದಕ್ಷಿಣ) ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರೊದ ೧,೯೨೮ ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್ ನ್ ಸಪೊತ್ತಾದ್ ಪಾಡ್ಂಡ್. ಬಫರ್ ವಲಯೊಡು ಹೆಚ್ಚುವರಿ 566.6 ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್ ಕೃಷಿ ಭೂಮಿಲಾ ನಾಶ ಆಂಡ್. <ref name="intent">{{Cite web|title=The occupiers burned nearly 2,000 hectares of the Askania-Nova Nature Reserve|url=https://intent.press/en/amp/0/the-occupiers-burned-nearly-2000-hectares-of-the-askania-nova-nature-reserve/|website=Intent.press|date=2026-07-01|accessdate=2024-05-15}}</ref> <ref name="ukrinform">{{Cite web|title=Nearly 2,000 hectares burned in Askania-Nova Biosphere Reserve|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-emergencies/4139489-nearly-2000-hectares-burned-in-askanianova-biosphere-reserve.html|website=Ukrinform|date=2026-07-01|accessdate=2024-05-15}}</ref> ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗರಿ ಹುಲ್ಲು ( ''Stipa ucrainica'' ), ಕೆಸರುದ ಗರಿ ಹುಲ್ಲು ( ''Stipa capillata'' ), ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲೆಸ್ಸಿಂಗ್ ನ ಗರಿ ಹುಲ್ಲು ( ''Stipa lessingiana'' ) ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಕೆಂಪು ಪುಸ್ತಕೊಡು ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಸಸ್ಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡ ಕನ್ಯೆ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಆವಾಸಸ್ಥಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಸೂ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಬೇತೆ ಬಾಧೆಗ್ ಒಳಗಾಯಿನ ಜಾತಿಲು ಟಾಲಿಯೆವ್ ನ ಕ್ನಾಪ್ ವೀಡ್ ( ''ರಾಪೊಂಟಿಕೊಯಿಡ್ಸ್ ಟಾಲಿವಿ'' ), ಹೆನ್ನಿಂಗ್ ನ ಮಿಲ್ಕ್ವೆಚ್ ( ''ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಾಗಲಸ್ ಹೆನ್ನಿಂಗ್ ಐ'' ), ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರೆಗೆಲ್ ನ ಈರುಳ್ಳಿ ( ''ಅಲಿಯಂ ರೆಜೆಲಿಯನಮ್'' ) ನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು. <ref name="intent" /> <ref name="ukrinform" /> ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಪತ್ತ್ ಭಾಗೊಲು ಸೂಟ್ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾದ್ ನಾಶ ಆಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೆಲವು ಭಾಗೊಲು ಭಾಗಶಃ ಹಾನಿನ್ ಅನುಭವಿಸಾಂಡ್. <ref name="intent" /> ಅರಕೆಗಾರರು ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪೊತ್ತುನ ಜಾಗೆಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಡಜನ್ ನ್ ಮೀರ್ದ್ಂಡ್, ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆಡ್ ಪೊತ್ತುದು ಪೋಯಿನ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆನ ಒಟ್ಟು ವಿಸ್ತೀರ್ಣ 3,000 ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್ ನ್ ಮೀರ್ದ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="ecopolitic" /> ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಆಡಳಿತದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾಡ್ ಸಂಭವಿಸ್ ನ ಸೂ ತ್ ಅವಘಡೊಲು ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಆಕ್ರಮಣಕಾರಿ ಪಡೆಕುಲೆನ ಮಿಲಿಟರಿ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆಲೆರ್ದ್ ಉಂಡಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಈ ಪಡೆಕುಲು ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ವ್ಯಾಪ್ತಿಡ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ತೆರಿಪಾಂಡ್.<ref name="intent" /> ==== ಪ್ರಾಣಿಲೆನ ನಷ್ಟ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತೆಗೆಯೆರೆ ==== ಈ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊಡು ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಪ್ರಾಣಿ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆಗ್ ಅಪೂರ್ವ ಹಾನಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಾಖಲಾತಿನ ದಾಲಾ ಅಂಗುಲೀಯ ಮರಣದ ಪ್ರಮಾಣ ಮೀರ್ದ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="most" /> ಮೀಸಲು ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಈ ಸಾವುಲು ಮಿಲಿಟರಿ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆ, ನಿರ್ಲಕ್ಷ್ಯ, ಬರ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಸಮರ್ಪಕ ಆರೈಕೆಡ್ದ್ ಒತ್ತಡೊಗು ಕಾರಣ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="ecopolitic" /> ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಆಡಳಿತ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಅಮೂಲ್ಯವಾಯಿನ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಲೆನ್ ಬೇತೆ ಕಡೆಕ್ ಸಾಗಾಯೆರೆ ಏರ್ಪಾಟ್ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಚಾಪ್ಮನ್ ನ ಜೀಬ್ರಾಲೆನ ಜೋಡಿಲು, ಪ್ರಜ್ಜೆವಾಲ್ಸ್ಕಿನ ಕುದುರೆಲು, ಬೈಸನ್ ಲು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಡೇವಿಡ್ ನ ಜಿಂಕೆಲು "ರೊಸ್ಟೊವ್ಸ್ಕಿ" ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಗು ಸಾಗಿಸಾಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ಸುಮಾರ್ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಲೆನ್ ಕ್ರಿಮಿಯಾದ ಖಾಸಗಿ ಟೈಗನ್ ಲಯನ್ ಪಾರ್ಕ್ ಗ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref name="ecopolitic" /> ಕಪ್ಪು ಬಜಾರ್ ಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಲೆನ್ ಮಾರಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದಾಖಲಾತಿನ ಪ್ರಕರಣೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊಗು ದುಂಬು, 120 ಜಾತಿಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸವುನ ಸುಮಾರ್ 3,500 ಮಾದರಿಲು ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತ. <ref name="ecopolitic" /> ೨೦೨೩-೨೦೨೪ ದ ಚಳಿಗಾಲೊಡು, ಆಫ್ರಿಕನ್ ಕೇಪ್ ಬಫೆಲೊ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಸೈತ್ಂಡ್ ದಾಯೆ ಪಂಡ ಅವು ಚಳಿಗಾಲದ ಆವರಣೊದ ಸಮಯೊಗು ಸೆಟ್ ಆಯಿಜಿ. <ref name="ecopolitic" /> == ಜೀವಗೋಳ ಮೀಸಲು == [[ಫೈಲ್:PrzewalskisHorseFoal.jpg|thumb| ಅಪರೂಪದ ಪ್ರೆವಾಲ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕುದುರೆದ ಕುದುರೆಡ್ದ್ ಪುಟ್ಟುನ ಒಂಜಿ ರಡ್ಡ್ ದಿನೊತ ಕುದುರೆ]] [[ಫೈಲ್:Askania.jpg|thumb| ಆಸ್ಕೇನಿಯಾ ನೋವಾ ರಿಸರ್ವ್ ನ 100ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಸಮರ್ಪಿಸಾಯಿನ ಜುಬಿಲಿ ನಾಣ್ಯ]] ಈ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಅಕ್ಲೈಮೇಟೈಸೇಶನ್ ಮೃಗಾಲಯ, ಆರ್ಬೊರೆಟಮ್ (2.1 ಕಿ.ಮೀ.2, ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ 518.9 ಎಕ್ರೆ), ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವರ್ಜಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯ (110 ಕಿ.ಮೀ.2, ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ 42.5 ಚದರ ಮೈಲಿ, ಯುರೋಪ್ ಡ್ ಇಂಚಿನ ಕೊನೆತ ಪ್ರದೇಶ) ಉಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಟ್ಟು ವಿಸ್ತೀರ್ಣ {{Convert|333.08|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} . ಆಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾ ಜಲಭೂಮಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ಚಾಪ್ಲಿ ಡಿಪ್ರೆಷನ್ ರಾಮ್ಸರ್ ಕನ್ವೆನ್ಶನ್ ದ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ನೋಂದಾಯಿತ ಆತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದೆತ ವಿಸ್ತೀರ್ಣ 4x6 ಕಿ.ಮೀ. ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಎಲ್ಯ ಊರು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಟ್ಟು 10,000 ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆದ ಆಜಿ ಗ್ರಾಮೊಲು ಉಂಡು (1997). ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ನೇರ ರೈಲ್ವೆ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ ಇಜ್ಜಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯೊಗು ಬಸ್ ಡ್ ಪೋವೊಡು. ಈ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು 234 ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್ ಜಾಗೆ ಇತ್ತ್ ನ ಅರಣ್ಯ ಪಟ್ಟಿಲು ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಅಯಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಸುಮಾರ್ 1%. ೧೯೩೨ಡ್ದ್ ೨೦೦೧ ಮುಟ್ಟ ನಾಲ್ ಹಂತೊಡು ನಡ್ಪುನ ಕೆಲಸ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್ <ref>{{Cite web|title=History and present state of forest belts in the Biosphere Reserve "Askania Nova"|url=https://agris.fao.org/search/zh/records/6473a47d96fdec8b71b491b9|website=AGRIS/FAO|date=2015|accessdate=2024-05-15}}</ref> === ಸಸ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರಾಣಿ === 1885 ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1902 ತ ನಡುಟು ಜಗತ್ತ್ ದ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ 200 ಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಜಾತಿದ ಬಹುವಾರ್ಷಿಕ, ಫೋಲಿಯೇಸಿಯಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೋನಿಫೆರಸ್ ಸಸ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು ಡೆಂಡ್ರೊಲಾಜಿಕ್ ಗಾರ್ಡನ್ ಡ್ ನಡ್ತೆರ್. ಸುಮಾರ್ 600 ಎಚ್ಚಿನ ಸಸ್ಯೊಲು (ಬಹುವಾರ್ಷಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕ ಸಸ್ಯೊಲು ), ಅವುಲು 16 ಜಾತಿಲು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ರೆಡ್ ಡಾಟಾ ಬುಕ್ ಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್ಂಡ್, ಅಯಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಪ್ರಾಥಮಿಕ ನೈಸರ್ಗಿಕ ರೂಪೊಡು ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಮೀಸಲುಡು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಲು ಕಾಮನ್ ಎಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ ಆಫ್ರಿಕನ್ ಆಂಟೆಲೋಪ್ ನ್ ಅಯಿತ ಪೇರ್ ಉತ್ಪಾದನೆಗಾದ್ ಸೌಲಭ್ಯೊಡು ಅಧ್ಯಯನ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು ( ಡೈರಿಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಭಾವ್ಯ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್), ಅಂಕೋಲೆ ಕೈಕಂಜಿಲು, ಕೇಪ್ ಬಫೆಲೊ, ಎಮುಸ್, ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಚ್ಸ್, ಪ್ಲೇನ್ಸ್ ಬೈಸನ್, ಇಂಡಿಯನ್ ಗೌರ್ ( ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಕುಪ್ರಾಣಿ ಮಿಥುನ್ ), ಟರ್ಕೊಮೆನ್ ಮಾರ್ಹೋರ್, ಫಾಲೋ ಡೆಮರ್, ವಾಕೊಲಾಪಿ, ಲಾಮಾಸ್ ಬೊಲ್ದುದ ಗಡ್ಡದ ವೈಲ್ಡ್ ಬೀಸ್ಟ್, ಗ್ರೆವಿಸ್ ಜೀಬ್ರಾ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನೂದೆಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಪಕ್ಕಿಲೆನ ಜಾತಿಲು. ಈ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರಜ್ಜೆವಾಲ್ಸ್ಕಿನ ಕುದುರೆಲೆನ ಪುಂಡುಡು ಪುದರ್ ಪೋತುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸೆರೆಡ್ ದೀತಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಗುಂಪು, ಸುಮಾರ್ {{Convert|30|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು . ತುರ್ಕಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಕುಲಾನ್ ( ''Equus hemionus kulan'' ), ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಮಧ್ಯ ಏಷ್ಯಾದ ಕಾಡ್ದ ಕತ್ತೆ, ಬುಲೆದ್ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನರ್ ಪರಿಚಯ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಬೇತೆ ಜಾತಿಲೆಡ್ ಔಡಾಡ್ (ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಬಾರ್ಬರಿ ಕುರಿ), ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಮೌಫ್ಲಾನ್, ಬ್ಯಾಕ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಒಂಟೆ, ಯುರೇಷಿಯನ್ ಬೀವರ್, ಗೋಲ್ಡನ್ ಫೆಸೆಂಟ್, ಗ್ರೇ ಕ್ರೌನ್ಡ್ ಕ್ರೇನ್, [[ಮಯಿರ್|ಇಂಡಿಯನ್ ಪೀಫೌಲ್]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಕೂನ್ ಡಾಗ್ (ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ತನುಕಿ) ಉಂಡು. ಜೀವಗೋಳ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊನು ಬರ್ಡ್ ಲೈಫ್ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಯಾಷನಲ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಕ್ಕಿ ಪ್ರದೇಶ (ಐಬಿಎ) ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಗೊತ್ತುಪಡಿಸಾಯಿನವು ದಾಯೆ ಪಂಡ ಉಂದು ಕೆಂಪು ಎದೆತ ಬಾತ್ ಕೋರಿ ಬಾರ್-ತರೆತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ಬೊಲ್ದುದ ಮುಂಭಾಗದ ಹಂದಿಲೆನ ಆರೋಗ್ಯವಂತ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ ಬೆಂಬಲಿಸವುಂಡು, ಮೂಕ ಹಂಸ, ಕೆಂಪು ಶೆಲ್ಡಕ್, ಡೆಮೊಯಿಸೆಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಕ್ರೇನ್ ಲು, ಕಪ್ಪು ರೆಕ್ಕೆದ ಪ್ರಾಟಿಂಕೋಲ್ ಹ್ಯಾರಿಯರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಾಲಿಡ್ ಹ್ಯಾರಿಯರ್ . <ref name="bli">{{Cite web|url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/askania-nova-biosphere-reserve-iba-ukraine|title=Askania-Nova Biosphere Reserve|last=<!--Not stated-->|date=2022|website=BirdLife Data Zone|publisher=BirdLife International|accessdate=2022-03-17}}</ref>{{Weather box|location=Askania-Nova (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1910-2005)|metric first=y|single line=y|Jan record high C=16.3|Feb record high C=20.6|Mar record high C=23.9|Apr record high C=28.1|May record high C=34.4|Jun record high C=37.7|Jul record high C=40.1|Aug record high C=40.3|Sep record high C=36.6|Oct record high C=33.5|Nov record high C=25.4|Dec record high C=16.1|year record high C=40.3|Jan high C=1.9|Feb high C=3.4|Mar high C=9.2|Apr high C=16.5|May high C=23.2|Jun high C=27.8|Jul high C=30.9|Aug high C=30.5|Sep high C=24.2|Oct high C=16.6|Nov high C=8.7|Dec high C=3.7|year high C=16.4|Jan mean C=-1.5|Feb mean C=-0.7|Mar mean C=3.9|Apr mean C=10.2|May mean C=16.3|Jun mean C=21.2|Jul mean C=23.9|Aug mean C=23.3|Sep mean C=17.2|Oct mean C=10.7|Nov mean C=4.3|Dec mean C=0.4|year mean C=10.8|Jan low C=-4.6|Feb low C=-4.3|Mar low C=-0.6|Apr low C=3.9|May low C=9.5|Jun low C=14.7|Jul low C=17.0|Aug low C=16.3|Sep low C=11.0|Oct low C=5.6|Nov low C=0.8|Dec low C=-2.6|year low C=5.6|Jan record low C=-30.3|Feb record low C=-32.5|Mar record low C=-22.5|Apr record low C=-8.7|May record low C=-2.6|Jun record low C=0.9|Jul record low C=7.4|Aug record low C=3.8|Sep record low C=-4.8|Oct record low C=-11.2|Nov record low C=-22.4|Dec record low C=-24.3|year record low C=-32.5|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm=28|Feb precipitation mm=26|Mar precipitation mm=28|Apr precipitation mm=32|May precipitation mm=39|Jun precipitation mm=52|Jul precipitation mm=38|Aug precipitation mm=35|Sep precipitation mm=34|Oct precipitation mm=29|Nov precipitation mm=36|Dec precipitation mm=31|year precipitation mm=408|unit precipitation days=1.0 mm|Jan precipitation days=6.4|Feb precipitation days=5.4|Mar precipitation days=6.1|Apr precipitation days=5.2|May precipitation days=5.9|Jun precipitation days=6.1|Jul precipitation days=4.2|Aug precipitation days=3.5|Sep precipitation days=4.3|Oct precipitation days=4.5|Nov precipitation days=5.8|Dec precipitation days=6.2|year precipitation days=63.6|Jan humidity=86.2|Feb humidity=82.8|Mar humidity=76.7|Apr humidity=68.9|May humidity=67.3|Jun humidity=64.0|Jul humidity=58.8|Aug humidity=57.3|Sep humidity=66.1|Oct humidity=76.8|Nov humidity=85.1|Dec humidity=87.0|year humidity=73.1|Jan sun=68|Feb sun=94|Mar sun=144|Apr sun=209|May sun=284|Jun sun=302|Jul sun=339|Aug sun=315|Sep sun=242|Oct sun=170|Nov sun=80|Dec sun=54|year sun=2301|source 1=[[NCEI]]<ref name=Clino91>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250419035018/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/6.6/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Ukraine/CSV/Askaniia_Nova_33915.csv | archive-date = 19 April 2025 | url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Ukraine/CSV/ASKANIIA-NOVA_33915.csv | format = CSV | title = Askania-Nova Climate Normals 1991–2020 | work = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020 | publisher = National Centers for Environmental Information | access-date = 19 April 2025}}</ref>|source 2=Climatebase.ru (extremes)<ref name =climatebase>{{cite web | url = http://climatebase.ru/station/33915/?lang=en | title = Askanija-Nova, Ukraine Climate data (Period supervision: 1910–2005) | publisher = Climatebase | access-date = April 6, 2015}}</ref>}} == ಮುಟ್ಟು == ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯ ತುಲನಾತ್ಮಕವಾದ್ ದೂರದ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಅಯಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ ನೋವಾ ಪುರಸಭೆನ್ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾದ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ಸೇರಾದ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದೆತ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಊರುದ ಬರಿಟ್ ಐನ್ ಎಲ್ಯ ಗ್ರಾಮೀಣ ವಸಾಹತುಲು ಉಂಡು: ಇಲ್ಲಿಂಕಾ (569), ಕೊಮಿಶ್ (313), ಮೊಲೊಚ್ನೆ (762), ನೋವಿ ಎಟಾಪ್ (72), ಪೈಟೊಮ್ನಿಕ್ (859); ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಾರ್ಕೆಯೆವೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರತ್ಯೇಕ ಗ್ರಾಮೀಣ ಪುರಸಭೆ (783) ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಅದೇ ಪುದರ್ದ ಒಂಜಿ ದುಂಬುದ ಊರು ಉಂಡು. ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯೊಗು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾ ಊರುಗು ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಮಾರ್ಗ <small>P47</small> ದ "ಸ್ಪರ್" ಗ್ ಕಾರಣ ಆಪುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಚ್ಕಲೋವೆ (ನೊವೊಟ್ರೊಯಿಟ್ಸ್ಕೆ ರೈಯನ್) ಗ್ರಾಮದ ಸಮೀಪದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಡ್ದ್ ಶಾಖೆಲೆನ್ ಬುಲೆಪಾವುಂಡು. <small>P47</small> ದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಖೆರ್ಸನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಹೆನಿಚೆಸ್ಕ್ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಪೋದು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲೆನ್ ಛೇದನ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು<small> ಇ೫೮</small> ಬೊಕ್ಕ<small> ಇ105</small> . == ಜನಪ್ರಿಯ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಡ್ == * ಫಿಲಿಪ್ ಕೆರ್ ನ ''ಚಳಿಗಾಲದ ಕುದುರೆಲು'' (  ) - ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ನಾಜಿ ಸೈನಿಕೆರೆನ ಊಟದ ಮೇಜಿಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ರೆಜೆವಾಲ್ಸ್ಕಿನ ಕುದುರೆಲೆನ್ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾಡ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಜನೊಕ್ಲೆನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕಾಲ್ಪನಿಕ ಕಾದಂಬರಿ. == ಅಂಚನೆ ತೂಲೆ == * ಜಲಭೂಮಿದ ಬಗೆತ ರಾಮ್ಸರ್ ವರ್ಗೀಕರಣ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist|30em}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [http://askania-nova-zapovidnik.gov.ua/en/ ಅಧಿಕೃತ ವೆಬ್ಸೈಟ್] * [https://www.unesco.org/en/mab/askaniya-nova ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋದ ಪುಟ] * [http://unknownukraine.com/askania-nova/ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ ನೋವಾ - ಕುತೂಹಲಕಾರಿ ಸತ್ಯೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಫೋಟೋಲು] * [http://www.dezimmer.net/NabokovFamilyWeb/nfw01/nfw01_190.htm ಫ್ರೆಡ್ರಿಕ್ ವಾನ್ ಫಾಲ್ಜ್-ಫೀನ್] – ಫಾಲ್ಜ್-ಫೀನ್ ಕುಟುಂಬದ ವಂಶಾವಳಿ ಪುಟೊಲು ಆಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾದ ಇತಿಹಾಸೊನು ಜೋಹಾನ್ ಫೀನ್ ಗ್ ಪಿರ ತೂಪುಂಡು, ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಡ್ * [http://ascania-nova.org/ ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಭಾಷೆಡ್ ವೆಬ್ ಪುಟ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090504215501/http://7chudes.in.ua/info/308.htm ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ 7 ಅದ್ಭುತೊಲೆನ ವೆಬ್ ಸೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಆಸ್ಕೇನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾದ ಪುಟ - ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಭಾಷೆಡ್] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಂದಿನ ಅನುವಾದೊಲು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಪುಟೊಕುಲು]] forkgjbmwx4cqjoitpquqf86a91i3ln 366758 366733 2026-08-23T16:34:17Z Pragathi. BH 6361 366758 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾ''' ( {{Lang|uk|Асканія-Нова}} ), Ukrainian ಭಾಷೆಡ್ ಪೂರ್ತಿ ಶೀರ್ಷಿಕೆ <span lang="uk">Фальц-ಫೆನಾ</span> ) ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಖೆರ್ಸನ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ಡ್ ಒಲೆಶ್ಕಿ ಪೊಯ್ಯೆದ ಕೈತಲ್ಡು ನುಂಗ್ ನ ಪಂತಿದ ಬೈಲ್ ದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಜೀವಗೋಳ ಪ್ರದೇಸ . ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ ಮ್ಯಾನ್ ಅಂಡ್ ದ ಬಯೋಸ್ಫಿಯರ್ ಪ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಮ್ ದ ಒಂಜಿ ಕ್ರಿಯಾತ್ಮಕ ಸದಸ್ಯೆ, ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊದ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಆವಾಸಸ್ಥಾನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಜಾತಿಲೆನ್ ನಡಪಾವುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು, ಅಂಚನೆ ಜಗತ್ತ್ ದ ಅಪರೂಪದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿಲಕ್ಷಣ ಪ್ರಾಣಿ ಜಾತಿಲೆನ್ ಲಾ ಕಾಳಜಿ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಕೃಷಿ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿದ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಶೋಧನಾ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಲಾ ಅಂದ್. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಸೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ಉದ್ಯಾನವನೊಕು ಸೇರ್ದುಂಡು, ಅಂಚನೆ 33,000 ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್ (81,000+ ಎಕರೆ) ಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಹುಲ್ಲುಗಾವಲುದ ಆವಾಸಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಕೋರೆದ ಸಸ್ತನಿಲೆನ ಹಿಂಡುಲೆಗ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು. ನೂದೆಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಸಸ್ಯ ಜಾತಿಲೆನ್ ತೋಜಾವುನ ಅನೇಕ ಸಸ್ಯಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ (ಡೆಂಡ್ರೊಲಾಜಿಕಲ್) ಉದ್ಯಾನೊಲುಲಾ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕನ್ಯೆ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲೆದ ಒಂಜಿ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಓಪನ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಉಂಡು. ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ತಾಣೊಲೆನ ತಾತ್ಕಾಲಿಕ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. [[Category:Articles containing Ukrainian-language text]] [[ಫೈಲ್:Аскания-Нова_(заповедник).jpg|thumb]] == ಚರಿತ್ರೆ == [[ಫೈಲ್:Rote_Insel15.JPG|left|thumb|133x133px| ಫಾಲ್ಜ್-ಫೀನ್ ನ ಸಮಾಧಿ]] ಈ ಪ್ರಕೃತಿ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊನು 1898ಡ್ ಫ್ರೆಡ್ರಿಕ್-ಜಾಕೊಬ್ ಎಡ್ವರ್ಡೊವಿಚ್ ಫಾಲ್ಜ್-ಫೀನ್ ಮೇರ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ (1863-1920)ಡ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಜರ್ಮನ್ ವಸಾಹತು ಆಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾದ ಸುತ್ತ ಮುತ್ತಲ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು 1890ಡ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಘಟಿತ ವಸಾಹತು ಆಂಡ್ . <ref name="OUCI">{{Cite journal|title=Falz-Fein Biosphere Reserve "Askania-Nova" (dedicated to the 125th foundation anniversary)|url=https://ouci.dntb.gov.ua/en/works/4wNWe5z7/|journal=OUCI|accessdate=2024-05-15}}</ref> ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೧೯೧೯ಡ್, ರಾಜ್ಯ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಕರಣ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ರೆಡ್ ಆರ್ಮಿ ಫಾಲ್ಜ್-ಫೀನ್ ಕುಟುಂಬೊಡ್ದ್ ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾನ್ ಜಪ್ತಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಕಡೆತ ಮಾಲೀಕೆರ್ ಜರ್ಮನಿಗ್ ಪೋಯೆರೆ ನಿರಾಕರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫ್ರೆಡ್ರಿಕ್ ಫಾಲ್ಜ್-ಫೀನ್ ನ ಅಮ್ಮೆರ್ ಸೋಫಿಯಾ-ಲೂಯಿಸ್ ಬೊಹ್ಡಾನಿವ್ನಾ (ಗೊಟ್ಲಿಬ್) ಕ್ನಾಫ್ (೧೮೩೫-೧೯೧೯) ಆದಿತ್ತೆರ್.ತನ್ನ ಖೋರ್ಲಿಡ್ ಎಸ್ಟೇಟ್ ನ್ ಕೊರೆರೆ ನಿರಾಕರಣೆಡ್ದ್ ಅಲೆನ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ರೆಡ್ ಆರ್ಮಿ ಗಾರ್ಡ್ಸ್ ಮೆನ್ ನಕುಲು ಗುಂಡು ಪಾಡ್ದ್ ಕೆರಿಯೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dezimmer.net/NabokovFamilyWeb/nfw01/nfw01_187.htm|title=Falz-Fein Lineage|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221126002345/http://www.dezimmer.net/NabokovFamilyWeb/nfw01/nfw01_187.htm|archivedate=November 26, 2022}}</ref> ಏಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೧, ೧೯೧೯ಡ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ದ ಕೌನ್ಸಿಲ್ ಆಫ್ ಪೀಪಲ್ಸ್ ಕಮಿಷರ್ಸ್ ನ ಆದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾನ್ ಪೀಪಲ್ಸ್ ಸ್ಯಾಂಕ್ಚುರಿ ಪಾರ್ಕ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಘೋಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್; ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೮, ೧೯೨೧ಡ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ದ ರಾಜ್ಯ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ರಿಸರ್ವ್ ಆದ್ ಪುನರ್ಸಂಘಟಿತ ಆಂಡ್. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Передера|first=С. Б.|last2=Кінаш|first2=О. В.|date=2015-06-26|title=Визначення чутливості грибів роду Mucor та Aspergillus до деяких речовин рослинного походження|journal=Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії|issue=1–2|pages=102–105|doi=10.31210/visnyk2015.1-2.21|issn=2415-3362}}</ref> ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊಲು ಕನ್ಯೆ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುದ ಪರಿಸರೊನು ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಧ್ಯಯನ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು, ಅಂಚನೆ ಬಹುಶಃ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆದ ಪ್ರಾಣಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಸ್ಯೊಲೆನ ಬಗೆನ್ ಒಗ್ಗೂಡುನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಧ್ಯಯನ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು. ಆಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾ ಒಂಜಿ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ-ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ ಆಂಡ್, ಸಂತಾನೋತ್ಪತ್ತಿ ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಮೃಗಾಲಯ-ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ ಆಂಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ ಫೈಟೊ -ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ ಆಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಲೆನ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಾಂಡ್. ಗಮನಾರ್ಹವಾದ್, ಮೃಗಾಲಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೊಟಾನಿಕಲ್ ಗಾರ್ಡನ್ ನ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಮೀಸಲುದ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಮೀಸಲುದ ಭಾಗೊಲು, ಒಂಜಿ ಅಕ್ಲೈಮೇಟೈಸೇಶನ್ ಮೃಗಾಲಯ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಆರ್ಬೊರೆಟಮ್ ಉಂಡು. ೧೯೩೨ ಡ್ದ್ ೧೯೫೬ ಮುಟ್ಟ, ಎಂ. ಇವಾನೋವ್ ನ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಲೆನ ಮಿಶ್ರತಳಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹವಾಮಾನೊಗು ಅನುಗುಣವಾದ್ ಈ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊನು ಆಲ್-ಯೂನಿಯನ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ-ಸಂಶೋಧನಾ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ ಆದ್ ಪರಿವರ್ತಿಸಯೆರ್. ಉಂದೆಟ್ 12 ಇಲಾಖೆಲು (ಬೊಟಾನಿಕಲ್ ಗಾರ್ಡನ್, ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ರಿಸರ್ವ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೃಗಾಲಯ ಸೇರ್ದ್), ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಯೋಗಾಲಯೊಲು, ಪ್ರಯೋಗಾತ್ಮಕ ಕೃಷಿನ್ ನಡಪಾವುನವು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೃಷಿ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಲೆನ ನಾಲ್ ಸಂತಾನೋತ್ಪತ್ತಿ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊಲು ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಈ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ ತಳಿ ಸೃಷ್ಟಿ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರೊಡು ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ-ಸಂಶೋಧನಾ ಕಾರ್ಯೊಲೆನ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಆಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತಳಿ ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಲೆನ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಆಂಡ್. ಸುರುತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡು, ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶವೊಂದು ಹಾನಿ ಆಂಡ್. <ref name="OUCI" /> ೧೯೮೩ಡ್, ಆಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾನ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಜೀವಗೋಳ ಮೀಸಲು ಆದ್ ಪುನರ್ಸಂಘಟಿಸಯೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದುಂಬುದ ವರ್ಷ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋದ ಜೀವಗೋಳ ಮೀಸಲುಲೆನ ವಿಶ್ವ ಜಾಲಬಂಧೊದ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಸದಸ್ಯೆ ಆದ್ ಗೊತ್ತುಪಡಿಸಯೆರ್. <ref name="OUCI" /> ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟದ ಪತನೊರ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ೧೯೯೩ಡ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಜೀವಗೋಳ ಮೀಸಲು ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾದ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನೊನು ದೃಢಪಡಿಸಾಯಿನವು. ೨೦೦೮ಡ್, ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾನ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಏಳ್ ಅದ್ಭುತೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. === ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹಾನಿ === ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೨೦೨೨ಡ್, ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಗು ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊರ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾದ ಆಡಳಿತೊನು ರಷ್ಯಾ ತನ್ನ ಕೈತಲ್ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್, <ref>{{Cite web|last=Vasyliuk|first=Oleksii|title=Askania Nova Biosphere Reserve captured by invaders|url=https://uwecworkgroup.info/askania-nova-biosphere-reserve-captured-by-invaders/|website=Ukraine War Environmental Consequences Work Group|accessdate=2 September 2023}}</ref> ಉಂದು ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆಸ್ ನ್ ಬೇಟೆದ ಮೈದಾನೊಲೆಗ್ ಪುನರ್ವರ್ಗೀಕರಣ ಮಲ್ತೊಂಡೆರ್. ಚೂರು ಸಮಯೊಡ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಉದ್ಯಾನವನೊಟು ಬೇಟೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಜಿಂಕೆದ ಶವೊಕುಲೆನ ಒಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಸೈನಿಕೆರೆನ್ ಉಂತ್ ನ ಫೋಟೋಗ್ರಾಫ್ ಲೆನ್ ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ಮಾಧ್ಯಮೊಡು ಪಾಡ್ದೆರ್. ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಸೈನಿಕೆರ್ನೆರ್ದ್ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ ಭಾರೀ ವಾಹಿನಿಯೊಂದು ಬಲಿತೊಂದು , ಗುಂಡಿಲೆನ್ ತೋಡೊಂದು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೂತ ಕಾರಣವಾದ್ ಉದ್ಯಾನವನೊಗು ಹಾನಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref name="ecopolitic">{{Cite web|title=Occupied Askania-Nova is suffering from fires, the loss of animals and incompetence|url=https://ecopolitic.com.ua/en/news/occupied-askania-nova-is-suffering-from-fires-the-loss-of-animals-and-incompetence/|website=Ecopolitic|date=2026-08-02|accessdate=2024-05-15}}</ref> ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾನ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ''ಅನುಪಸ್ಥಿತಿಡ್'' ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಿಸೊಂದುಂಡು, ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ದೇಣಿಗೆಲು ಸಂಸ್ಥೆನ್ ಬುಡ್ದು ಪೋಯೆರೆ ಬಲವಂತೊ ಆಯಿನ ಮಾಜಿ ಉದ್ಯೋಗಿಲೆಗ್ ಸಹಾಯ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಕಡೆಟ್ ಕೊಡುಗೆ ಕೊರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೨೦೨೩ಡ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಸಹಯೋಗಿ ಡಿಮಿಟ್ರೊ ಮೆಶ್ಚೆರ್ಯಾಕೊವ್ ನ್ ರಿಸರ್ವ್ ದ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರಾದ್ ನೇಮಕ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref name="ecopolitic" /> ಏಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೨೦೨೬ಡ್, ಮೆಶ್ಚೆರ್ಯಾಕೊವ್ ಖೆರ್ಸನ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ತಾತ್ಕಾಲಿಕ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡು ಅಕ್ರಮವಾದ್ ಜಪ್ತಿ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೀಸಲುದ ಬಳಕೆಗ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟಿನ ಕ್ರಿಮಿನಲ್ ಅಪರಾಧೊಲೆಡ್ ತಪ್ಪಿತಸ್ಥೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ತೀರ್ಪು ಕೊರ್ಯೆರ್. <ref name="most">{{Cite web|title=The occupation has provoked an unprecedented mortality among ungulates in the Askania-Nova Reserve|url=https://most.ks.ua/en/news/url/okupatsija-sprovokuvala-bezpretsedentnu-za-ostanni-80-rokiv-zagibel-kopitnih-u-zapovidniku-askanija-nova|website=Most|date=2026-05-18|accessdate=2024-05-15}}</ref> ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೨೦೨೪ಡ್, ಖೆರ್ಸನ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ದ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗವರ್ನರ್ ಒಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್ ಪ್ರೊಕುಡಿನ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಸೈನ್ಯೊಲೆನ ಲೂಟಿ, ಕ್ರಿಮಿಯಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಷ್ಯಾಗ್ ಅಯಿತ ವನ್ಯಜೀವಿಲೆನ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಖೋವ್ಕಾ ಅಣೆಕಟ್ಟ್ ದ ನಾಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಉಂಡಾತಿನ ಪ್ರವಾಹೊಡ್ದ್ ಈ ಮೀಸಲು "ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವೊಡು ಇಜ್ಜಿ" ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರ್ ವಿಕ್ಟರ್ ಶಾಪೊವಲ್ ಈ ವಾದೊಲೆನ್ ನಿರಾಕರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಆರ್ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಗು ಹಾನಿ ಆಂಡ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪನ್ಪೆರ್, ಪ್ರಾಣಿಲೆನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾ ದೆತೊನುಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನೆನ್ ಖಚಿತಪಡಿಸವುನಗ, ಬೇತೆ ವನ್ಯಜೀವಿಲು ನಿರ್ಲಕ್ಷ್ಯೊಡ್ದ್ ಸೈತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲೆನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಭಾಗೊಲು ಪೊತ್ತುದು ಪೋಯಿನವು ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ತೆರಿಪಾಯೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Svitlyk|first=Daria|title=Kherson Oblast nature reserve damaged but not fully destroyed by Russia, director clarifies|url=https://kyivindependent.com/kherson-oblast-nature-reserve/|website=The Kyiv Independent|accessdate=19 August 2024}}</ref> ==== 2026 ಬೆಂಕಿಲು ==== ಜೂನ್ ೨೦೨೬ಡ್, ರಡ್ಡ್ ಮಲ್ಲ ಪ್ರಮಾಣದ ಸೂತ ಅವಘಡೊಲು ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊನು ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಸೆಂಟಿನೆಲ್-೨ ಉಪಗ್ರಹ ಚಿತ್ರಣ ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆದ ಆಧಾರೊಡು, ಸೂ ನು ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ "ಪಿವ್ಡೆನ್ಯಿ" (ದಕ್ಷಿಣ) ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರೊದ ೧,೯೨೮ ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್ ನ್ ಸಪೊತ್ತಾದ್ ಪಾಡ್ಂಡ್. ಬಫರ್ ವಲಯೊಡು ಹೆಚ್ಚುವರಿ 566.6 ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್ ಕೃಷಿ ಭೂಮಿಲಾ ನಾಶ ಆಂಡ್. <ref name="intent">{{Cite web|title=The occupiers burned nearly 2,000 hectares of the Askania-Nova Nature Reserve|url=https://intent.press/en/amp/0/the-occupiers-burned-nearly-2000-hectares-of-the-askania-nova-nature-reserve/|website=Intent.press|date=2026-07-01|accessdate=2024-05-15}}</ref> <ref name="ukrinform">{{Cite web|title=Nearly 2,000 hectares burned in Askania-Nova Biosphere Reserve|url=https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-emergencies/4139489-nearly-2000-hectares-burned-in-askanianova-biosphere-reserve.html|website=Ukrinform|date=2026-07-01|accessdate=2024-05-15}}</ref> ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗರಿ ಹುಲ್ಲು ( ''Stipa ucrainica'' ), ಕೆಸರುದ ಗರಿ ಹುಲ್ಲು ( ''Stipa capillata'' ), ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲೆಸ್ಸಿಂಗ್ ನ ಗರಿ ಹುಲ್ಲು ( ''Stipa lessingiana'' ) ಸೇರ್ದ್ [[ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಘೋಷಣೆ|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್]] ದ ಕೆಂಪು ಪುಸ್ತಕೊಡು ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಸಸ್ಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡ ಕನ್ಯೆ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಆವಾಸಸ್ಥಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಸೂ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಬೇತೆ ಬಾಧೆಗ್ ಒಳಗಾಯಿನ ಜಾತಿಲು ಟಾಲಿಯೆವ್ ನ ಕ್ನಾಪ್ ವೀಡ್ ( ''ರಾಪೊಂಟಿಕೊಯಿಡ್ಸ್ ಟಾಲಿವಿ'' ), ಹೆನ್ನಿಂಗ್ ನ ಮಿಲ್ಕ್ವೆಚ್ ( ''ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಾಗಲಸ್ ಹೆನ್ನಿಂಗ್ ಐ'' ), ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರೆಗೆಲ್ ನ ಈರುಳ್ಳಿ ( ''ಅಲಿಯಂ ರೆಜೆಲಿಯನಮ್'' ) ನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು. <ref name="intent" /> <ref name="ukrinform" /> ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಪತ್ತ್ ಭಾಗೊಲು ಸೂಟ್ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾದ್ ನಾಶ ಆಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೆಲವು ಭಾಗೊಲು ಭಾಗಶಃ ಹಾನಿನ್ ಅನುಭವಿಸಾಂಡ್. <ref name="intent" /> ಅರಕೆಗಾರರು ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ಪೊತ್ತುನ ಜಾಗೆಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಡಜನ್ ನ್ ಮೀರ್ದ್ಂಡ್, ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆಡ್ ಪೊತ್ತುದು ಪೋಯಿನ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆನ ಒಟ್ಟು ವಿಸ್ತೀರ್ಣ 3,000 ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್ ನ್ ಮೀರ್ದ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="ecopolitic" /> ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಆಡಳಿತದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾಡ್ ಸಂಭವಿಸ್ ನ ಸೂ ತ್ ಅವಘಡೊಲು ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಆಕ್ರಮಣಕಾರಿ ಪಡೆಕುಲೆನ ಮಿಲಿಟರಿ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆಲೆರ್ದ್ ಉಂಡಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಈ ಪಡೆಕುಲು ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ವ್ಯಾಪ್ತಿಡ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ಆಡಳಿತ ತೆರಿಪಾಂಡ್.<ref name="intent" /> ==== ಪ್ರಾಣಿಲೆನ ನಷ್ಟ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ತೆಗೆಯೆರೆ ==== ಈ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊಡು ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಪ್ರಾಣಿ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆಗ್ ಅಪೂರ್ವ ಹಾನಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಾಖಲಾತಿನ ದಾಲಾ ಅಂಗುಲೀಯ ಮರಣದ ಪ್ರಮಾಣ ಮೀರ್ದ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="most" /> ಮೀಸಲು ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಈ ಸಾವುಲು ಮಿಲಿಟರಿ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆ, ನಿರ್ಲಕ್ಷ್ಯ, ಬರ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಸಮರ್ಪಕ ಆರೈಕೆಡ್ದ್ ಒತ್ತಡೊಗು ಕಾರಣ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. <ref name="ecopolitic" /> ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಆಡಳಿತ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಅಮೂಲ್ಯವಾಯಿನ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಲೆನ್ ಬೇತೆ ಕಡೆಕ್ ಸಾಗಾಯೆರೆ ಏರ್ಪಾಟ್ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಚಾಪ್ಮನ್ ನ ಜೀಬ್ರಾಲೆನ ಜೋಡಿಲು, ಪ್ರಜ್ಜೆವಾಲ್ಸ್ಕಿನ ಕುದುರೆಲು, ಬೈಸನ್ ಲು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಡೇವಿಡ್ ನ ಜಿಂಕೆಲು "ರೊಸ್ಟೊವ್ಸ್ಕಿ" ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಗು ಸಾಗಿಸಾಯೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ಸುಮಾರ್ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಲೆನ್ ಕ್ರಿಮಿಯಾದ ಖಾಸಗಿ ಟೈಗನ್ ಲಯನ್ ಪಾರ್ಕ್ ಗ್ ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. <ref name="ecopolitic" /> ಕಪ್ಪು ಬಜಾರ್ ಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಲೆನ್ ಮಾರಾಟ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ದಾಖಲಾತಿನ ಪ್ರಕರಣೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊಗು ದುಂಬು, 120 ಜಾತಿಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸವುನ ಸುಮಾರ್ 3,500 ಮಾದರಿಲು ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತ. <ref name="ecopolitic" /> ೨೦೨೩-೨೦೨೪ ದ ಚಳಿಗಾಲೊಡು, [[ಆಫ್ರಿಕಾ|ಆಫ್ರಿಕ]]ನ್ ಕೇಪ್ ಬಫೆಲೊ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಸೈತ್ಂಡ್ ದಾಯೆ ಪಂಡ ಅವು ಚಳಿಗಾಲದ ಆವರಣೊದ ಸಮಯೊಗು ಸೆಟ್ ಆಯಿಜಿ. <ref name="ecopolitic" /> == ಜೀವಗೋಳ ಮೀಸಲು == [[ಫೈಲ್:PrzewalskisHorseFoal.jpg|thumb| ಅಪರೂಪದ ಪ್ರೆವಾಲ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕುದುರೆದ ಕುದುರೆಡ್ದ್ ಪುಟ್ಟುನ ಒಂಜಿ ರಡ್ಡ್ ದಿನೊತ ಕುದುರೆ]] [[ಫೈಲ್:Askania.jpg|thumb| ಆಸ್ಕೇನಿಯಾ ನೋವಾ ರಿಸರ್ವ್ ನ 100ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊಗು ಸಮರ್ಪಿಸಾಯಿನ ಜುಬಿಲಿ ನಾಣ್ಯ]] ಈ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಅಕ್ಲೈಮೇಟೈಸೇಶನ್ ಮೃಗಾಲಯ, ಆರ್ಬೊರೆಟಮ್ (2.1 ಕಿ.ಮೀ.2, ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ 518.9 ಎಕ್ರೆ), ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವರ್ಜಿನ್ ಸ್ಟೆಪ್ಪೆ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯ (110 ಕಿ.ಮೀ.2, ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ 42.5 ಚದರ ಮೈಲಿ, ಯುರೋಪ್ ಡ್ ಇಂಚಿನ ಕೊನೆತ ಪ್ರದೇಶ) ಉಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಟ್ಟು ವಿಸ್ತೀರ್ಣ {{Convert|333.08|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} . ಆಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾ ಜಲಭೂಮಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ಚಾಪ್ಲಿ ಡಿಪ್ರೆಷನ್ ರಾಮ್ಸರ್ ಕನ್ವೆನ್ಶನ್ ದ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ನೋಂದಾಯಿತ ಆತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದೆತ ವಿಸ್ತೀರ್ಣ 4x6 ಕಿ.ಮೀ. ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಎಲ್ಯ ಊರು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಟ್ಟು 10,000 ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆದ ಆಜಿ ಗ್ರಾಮೊಲು ಉಂಡು (1997). ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ನೇರ ರೈಲ್ವೆ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ ಇಜ್ಜಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯೊಗು ಬಸ್ ಡ್ ಪೋವೊಡು. ಈ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು 234 ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್ ಜಾಗೆ ಇತ್ತ್ ನ ಅರಣ್ಯ ಪಟ್ಟಿಲು ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಅಯಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಸುಮಾರ್ 1%. ೧೯೩೨ಡ್ದ್ ೨೦೦೧ ಮುಟ್ಟ ನಾಲ್ ಹಂತೊಡು ನಡ್ಪುನ ಕೆಲಸ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್ <ref>{{Cite web|title=History and present state of forest belts in the Biosphere Reserve "Askania Nova"|url=https://agris.fao.org/search/zh/records/6473a47d96fdec8b71b491b9|website=AGRIS/FAO|date=2015|accessdate=2024-05-15}}</ref> === ಸಸ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರಾಣಿ === 1885 ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1902 ತ ನಡುಟು ಜಗತ್ತ್ ದ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ 200 ಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಜಾತಿದ ಬಹುವಾರ್ಷಿಕ, ಫೋಲಿಯೇಸಿಯಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೋನಿಫೆರಸ್ ಸಸ್ಯೊಲೆನ್ ತೂದು ಡೆಂಡ್ರೊಲಾಜಿಕ್ ಗಾರ್ಡನ್ ಡ್ ನಡ್ತೆರ್. ಸುಮಾರ್ 600 ಎಚ್ಚಿನ ಸಸ್ಯೊಲು (ಬಹುವಾರ್ಷಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕ ಸಸ್ಯೊಲು ), ಅವುಲು 16 ಜಾತಿಲು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ರೆಡ್ ಡಾಟಾ ಬುಕ್ ಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್ಂಡ್, ಅಯಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಪ್ರಾಥಮಿಕ ನೈಸರ್ಗಿಕ ರೂಪೊಡು ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಮೀಸಲುಡು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಪ್ರಾಣಿಲು ಕಾಮನ್ ಎಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ ಆಫ್ರಿಕನ್ ಆಂಟೆಲೋಪ್ ನ್ ಅಯಿತ ಪೇರ್ ಉತ್ಪಾದನೆಗಾದ್ ಸೌಲಭ್ಯೊಡು ಅಧ್ಯಯನ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು ( ಡೈರಿಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಭಾವ್ಯ ಪರ್ಯಾಯವಾದ್), ಅಂಕೋಲೆ ಕೈಕಂಜಿಲು, ಕೇಪ್ ಬಫೆಲೊ, ಎಮುಸ್, ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಚ್ಸ್, ಪ್ಲೇನ್ಸ್ ಬೈಸನ್, ಇಂಡಿಯನ್ ಗೌರ್ ( ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಕುಪ್ರಾಣಿ ಮಿಥುನ್ ), ಟರ್ಕೊಮೆನ್ ಮಾರ್ಹೋರ್, ಫಾಲೋ ಡೆಮರ್, ವಾಕೊಲಾಪಿ, ಲಾಮಾಸ್ ಬೊಲ್ದುದ ಗಡ್ಡದ ವೈಲ್ಡ್ ಬೀಸ್ಟ್, ಗ್ರೆವಿಸ್ ಜೀಬ್ರಾ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನೂದೆಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಪಕ್ಕಿಲೆನ ಜಾತಿಲು. ಈ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರಜ್ಜೆವಾಲ್ಸ್ಕಿನ ಕುದುರೆಲೆನ ಪುಂಡುಡು ಪುದರ್ ಪೋತುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಸೆರೆಡ್ ದೀತಿನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಗುಂಪು, ಸುಮಾರ್ {{Convert|30|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು . ತುರ್ಕಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಕುಲಾನ್ ( ''Equus hemionus kulan'' ), ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಮಧ್ಯ ಏಷ್ಯಾದ ಕಾಡ್ದ ಕತ್ತೆ, ಬುಲೆದ್ ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನರ್ ಪರಿಚಯ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಬೇತೆ ಜಾತಿಲೆಡ್ ಔಡಾಡ್ (ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಬಾರ್ಬರಿ ಕುರಿ), ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಮೌಫ್ಲಾನ್, ಬ್ಯಾಕ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಒಂಟೆ, ಯುರೇಷಿಯನ್ ಬೀವರ್, ಗೋಲ್ಡನ್ ಫೆಸೆಂಟ್, ಗ್ರೇ ಕ್ರೌನ್ಡ್ ಕ್ರೇನ್, [[ಮಯಿರ್|ಇಂಡಿಯನ್ ಪೀಫೌಲ್]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಕೂನ್ ಡಾಗ್ (ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ತನುಕಿ) ಉಂಡು. ಜೀವಗೋಳ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊನು ಬರ್ಡ್ ಲೈಫ್ ಇಂಟರ್ನ್ಯಾಷನಲ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಕ್ಕಿ ಪ್ರದೇಶ (ಐಬಿಎ) ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಗೊತ್ತುಪಡಿಸಾಯಿನವು ದಾಯೆ ಪಂಡ ಉಂದು ಕೆಂಪು ಎದೆತ ಬಾತ್ ಕೋರಿ ಬಾರ್-ತರೆತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ಬೊಲ್ದುದ ಮುಂಭಾಗದ ಹಂದಿಲೆನ ಆರೋಗ್ಯವಂತ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ ಬೆಂಬಲಿಸವುಂಡು, ಮೂಕ ಹಂಸ, ಕೆಂಪು ಶೆಲ್ಡಕ್, ಡೆಮೊಯಿಸೆಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಕ್ರೇನ್ ಲು, ಕಪ್ಪು ರೆಕ್ಕೆದ ಪ್ರಾಟಿಂಕೋಲ್ ಹ್ಯಾರಿಯರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಾಲಿಡ್ ಹ್ಯಾರಿಯರ್ . <ref name="bli">{{Cite web|url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/askania-nova-biosphere-reserve-iba-ukraine|title=Askania-Nova Biosphere Reserve|last=<!--Not stated-->|date=2022|website=BirdLife Data Zone|publisher=BirdLife International|accessdate=2022-03-17}}</ref>{{Weather box|location=Askania-Nova (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1910-2005)|metric first=y|single line=y|Jan record high C=16.3|Feb record high C=20.6|Mar record high C=23.9|Apr record high C=28.1|May record high C=34.4|Jun record high C=37.7|Jul record high C=40.1|Aug record high C=40.3|Sep record high C=36.6|Oct record high C=33.5|Nov record high C=25.4|Dec record high C=16.1|year record high C=40.3|Jan high C=1.9|Feb high C=3.4|Mar high C=9.2|Apr high C=16.5|May high C=23.2|Jun high C=27.8|Jul high C=30.9|Aug high C=30.5|Sep high C=24.2|Oct high C=16.6|Nov high C=8.7|Dec high C=3.7|year high C=16.4|Jan mean C=-1.5|Feb mean C=-0.7|Mar mean C=3.9|Apr mean C=10.2|May mean C=16.3|Jun mean C=21.2|Jul mean C=23.9|Aug mean C=23.3|Sep mean C=17.2|Oct mean C=10.7|Nov mean C=4.3|Dec mean C=0.4|year mean C=10.8|Jan low C=-4.6|Feb low C=-4.3|Mar low C=-0.6|Apr low C=3.9|May low C=9.5|Jun low C=14.7|Jul low C=17.0|Aug low C=16.3|Sep low C=11.0|Oct low C=5.6|Nov low C=0.8|Dec low C=-2.6|year low C=5.6|Jan record low C=-30.3|Feb record low C=-32.5|Mar record low C=-22.5|Apr record low C=-8.7|May record low C=-2.6|Jun record low C=0.9|Jul record low C=7.4|Aug record low C=3.8|Sep record low C=-4.8|Oct record low C=-11.2|Nov record low C=-22.4|Dec record low C=-24.3|year record low C=-32.5|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm=28|Feb precipitation mm=26|Mar precipitation mm=28|Apr precipitation mm=32|May precipitation mm=39|Jun precipitation mm=52|Jul precipitation mm=38|Aug precipitation mm=35|Sep precipitation mm=34|Oct precipitation mm=29|Nov precipitation mm=36|Dec precipitation mm=31|year precipitation mm=408|unit precipitation days=1.0 mm|Jan precipitation days=6.4|Feb precipitation days=5.4|Mar precipitation days=6.1|Apr precipitation days=5.2|May precipitation days=5.9|Jun precipitation days=6.1|Jul precipitation days=4.2|Aug precipitation days=3.5|Sep precipitation days=4.3|Oct precipitation days=4.5|Nov precipitation days=5.8|Dec precipitation days=6.2|year precipitation days=63.6|Jan humidity=86.2|Feb humidity=82.8|Mar humidity=76.7|Apr humidity=68.9|May humidity=67.3|Jun humidity=64.0|Jul humidity=58.8|Aug humidity=57.3|Sep humidity=66.1|Oct humidity=76.8|Nov humidity=85.1|Dec humidity=87.0|year humidity=73.1|Jan sun=68|Feb sun=94|Mar sun=144|Apr sun=209|May sun=284|Jun sun=302|Jul sun=339|Aug sun=315|Sep sun=242|Oct sun=170|Nov sun=80|Dec sun=54|year sun=2301|source 1=[[NCEI]]<ref name=Clino91>{{cite web | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20250419035018/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/6.6/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Ukraine/CSV/Askaniia_Nova_33915.csv | archive-date = 19 April 2025 | url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Ukraine/CSV/ASKANIIA-NOVA_33915.csv | format = CSV | title = Askania-Nova Climate Normals 1991–2020 | work = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020 | publisher = National Centers for Environmental Information | access-date = 19 April 2025}}</ref>|source 2=Climatebase.ru (extremes)<ref name =climatebase>{{cite web | url = http://climatebase.ru/station/33915/?lang=en | title = Askanija-Nova, Ukraine Climate data (Period supervision: 1910–2005) | publisher = Climatebase | access-date = April 6, 2015}}</ref>}} == ಮುಟ್ಟು == ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯ ತುಲನಾತ್ಮಕವಾದ್ ದೂರದ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಅಯಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ ನೋವಾ ಪುರಸಭೆನ್ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾದ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ಸೇರಾದ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದೆತ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಊರುದ ಬರಿಟ್ ಐನ್ ಎಲ್ಯ ಗ್ರಾಮೀಣ ವಸಾಹತುಲು ಉಂಡು: ಇಲ್ಲಿಂಕಾ (569), ಕೊಮಿಶ್ (313), ಮೊಲೊಚ್ನೆ (762), ನೋವಿ ಎಟಾಪ್ (72), ಪೈಟೊಮ್ನಿಕ್ (859); ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಾರ್ಕೆಯೆವೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರತ್ಯೇಕ ಗ್ರಾಮೀಣ ಪುರಸಭೆ (783) ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಅದೇ ಪುದರ್ದ ಒಂಜಿ ದುಂಬುದ ಊರು ಉಂಡು. ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯೊಗು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾ ಊರುಗು ಪ್ರಾದೇಶಿಕ ಮಾರ್ಗ <small>P47</small> ದ "ಸ್ಪರ್" ಗ್ ಕಾರಣ ಆಪುಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಚ್ಕಲೋವೆ (ನೊವೊಟ್ರೊಯಿಟ್ಸ್ಕೆ ರೈಯನ್) ಗ್ರಾಮದ ಸಮೀಪದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಡ್ದ್ ಶಾಖೆಲೆನ್ ಬುಲೆಪಾವುಂಡು. <small>P47</small> ದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಮಾರ್ಗ ಖೆರ್ಸನ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಹೆನಿಚೆಸ್ಕ್ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಪೋದು ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲೆನ್ ಛೇದನ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು<small> ಇ೫೮</small> ಬೊಕ್ಕ<small> ಇ105</small> . == ಜನಪ್ರಿಯ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಡ್ == * ಫಿಲಿಪ್ ಕೆರ್ ನ ''ಚಳಿಗಾಲದ ಕುದುರೆಲು'' (  ) - ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ನಾಜಿ ಸೈನಿಕೆರೆನ ಊಟದ ಮೇಜಿಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ರೆಜೆವಾಲ್ಸ್ಕಿನ ಕುದುರೆಲೆನ್ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾಡ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಜನೊಕ್ಲೆನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕಾಲ್ಪನಿಕ ಕಾದಂಬರಿ. == ಅಂಚನೆ ತೂಲೆ == * ಜಲಭೂಮಿದ ಬಗೆತ ರಾಮ್ಸರ್ ವರ್ಗೀಕರಣ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == {{Reflist|30em}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [http://askania-nova-zapovidnik.gov.ua/en/ ಅಧಿಕೃತ ವೆಬ್ಸೈಟ್] * [https://www.unesco.org/en/mab/askaniya-nova ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋದ ಪುಟ] * [http://unknownukraine.com/askania-nova/ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಅಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ ನೋವಾ - ಕುತೂಹಲಕಾರಿ ಸತ್ಯೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಫೋಟೋಲು] * [http://www.dezimmer.net/NabokovFamilyWeb/nfw01/nfw01_190.htm ಫ್ರೆಡ್ರಿಕ್ ವಾನ್ ಫಾಲ್ಜ್-ಫೀನ್] – ಫಾಲ್ಜ್-ಫೀನ್ ಕುಟುಂಬದ ವಂಶಾವಳಿ ಪುಟೊಲು ಆಸ್ಕಾನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾದ ಇತಿಹಾಸೊನು ಜೋಹಾನ್ ಫೀನ್ ಗ್ ಪಿರ ತೂಪುಂಡು, ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಷ್ ಡ್ * [http://ascania-nova.org/ ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಭಾಷೆಡ್ ವೆಬ್ ಪುಟ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090504215501/http://7chudes.in.ua/info/308.htm ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ 7 ಅದ್ಭುತೊಲೆನ ವೆಬ್ ಸೈಟ್ ಡ್ ಆಸ್ಕೇನಿಯಾ-ನೋವಾದ ಪುಟ - ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಭಾಷೆಡ್] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಂದಿನ ಅನುವಾದೊಲು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಪುಟೊಕುಲು]] 1b6ldyfd2lbze00hf1vjtbgph153vuv 10 28150 366747 2026-06-13T05:36:02Z en>Zackmann08 0 Merged per [[Wikipedia:Templates_for_discussion/Log/2026_January_15#Template:Infobox_ancient_site|TFD]] 366747 wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Template:Infobox historic site]] {{r from merge}} 2fo2nc73hojjjtqo3px8u281rwnz1j2 366748 366747 2026-08-23T16:10:04Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:Infobox_ancient_site]] 366747 wikitext text/x-wiki #redirect [[Template:Infobox historic site]] {{r from merge}} 2fo2nc73hojjjtqo3px8u281rwnz1j2 0 28151 366757 2026-08-23T16:28:23Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 ಹೊಸ ಪುಟ: {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2026}} {{coord|50|26|14|N|30|33|18|E|region:UA|display=title}} {{Infobox church | name = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | native_name = Церква Спаса на Берестові | native_name_lang = uk | image = Churc... 366757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2026}} {{coord|50|26|14|N|30|33|18|E|region:UA|display=title}} {{Infobox church | name = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | native_name = Церква Спаса на Берестові | native_name_lang = uk | image = Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg | image_caption = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನೋಟ | location = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ, ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, [[ಕೀವ್]] | country = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | denomination = ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ | style = ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್ | years_built = 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ }} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | WHS = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | part_of = Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra | criteria = i, ii, iii, iv | id = 527 | year = 1990 | danger = 2023 }} '''ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊಡ್, ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್.ಉಂದು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಕೋಟೆಗೋಡೆದ ಪಿದಾಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಇತ್ತುಂಡಲಾ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊದ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ನ ಹೊರವಲಯೊದ ನಿವಾಸ ಆದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಅವು 1015ಡ್ದ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಮರಣ ಹೊಂದುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ವೆಸೆವೊಲೊದ್ I ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ II ಸೇರುದು ಅಲ್ಪ ಕೆಲವು ವಂಶಜೆರ್ ವಾಸ ಮಂತ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಅಲ್ಪ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಠ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಸುರುತ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆ 1073ಡ್ ಸಿಕ್ಕುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಇತ್ತೆದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿಖರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದಾಖಲೆಲು ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಬಹುತೇಕ ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರೆರ್ ಉಂದು ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ (1113–1125) ಆಡಳಿತೊ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನಿ ಪಂಡುದು ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಮಂದೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪೆರೆಯಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಕೆಲವು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ಸಾಮ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಅರಮನೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್‌ಲೆಗಿಂತ ಮಲ್ಲ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಮೂಜಿ ''ನೇವ್'', ಮೂಜಿ ''ಅಪ್ಸೆ'' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಹುಶಃ ಮೂಜಿ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದುಂಡು. ಪಶ್ಚಿಮೊದ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೆಲವು ಭಾಗೊಲು ನನ ಉಳಿದುಂಡು; ಬೇತೆ ಗೋಡೆದ ರೂಪೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಉತ್ಖನದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗ ''ನರ್ತೆಕ್ಸ್'' ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನಾ ಜಾಗೊಡ್ದು ಬೇರ್ಪಟ್ಟುದುಂಡು. ಉತ್ತರೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ದೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಪಿದಯಿ ಚಾಚುದಿನ ಗೋಪುರ ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಗೋಪುರೊಡು ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆ, ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅತಿಥಿಲೆಗ್ ಮಿತ್ತುದ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಸುರುಳಿದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಉಂಡು. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|left|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹೊರಾಂಗಣೊದ ನೋಟ]] ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರರೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊಡ್ ಕೆಲವು ಪೊಸ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಾದೇರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರವೇಶದ್ವಾರೊಲೆಗ್ ಎತ್ತರೊದ ಇಳಿಜಾರು ಉಪ್ಪುನ trefoil ಆಕಾರೊದ ಮುಖಮಂಟಪೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಲಂಬಾಕಾರದ ಭಾವನೆನ್ ಒತ್ತುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಭಾಗೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆದ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಡಬಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಟ್ರಿಪಲ್ ಕುಳಿಲು, ''ಮೇಯಾಂಡರ್'' ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಉಂದೆತ ವಿಶೇಷತೆ ಆದುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಈ ಕಾಲೊದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಡ್ದು ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್, ಉಂದೆತ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಡು ಸುಣ್ಣಕಲ್ಲು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಂದುಜೆರ್ ಪಂಡುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮರಣೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಒರಿಪಾದೆರ್. ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನೊದ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿದ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ ವಂಶೊದ ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಮೂಜಿ ಸದಸ್ಯರೆನ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು ಉಂಡು ಪಂಡುದು ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ (ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕ ಪಂಡುದ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾದೆರ್), ಅರೆನ ಮಗೆ ಗ್ಲೆಬ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಗಳ್ ಯೂಫೆಮಿಯಾ ಸೇರುದು ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> 1240ಡ್ ಬಾತು ಖಾನ್ ಕೀವ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಳಿ ಮಂತುಪ್ಪುನಗ ಚರ್ಚ್ಗ್ ಹಾನಿಯಾಂಡ್. 1482ಡ್ ಮೆಙ್ಲಿ I ಗಿರಾಯ್‌ದ ದಾಳಿದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಕೂಡಾ ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಗು ಹಾನಿಯಾತುಂಡು. ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗೋಡೆಲು ಮಗುರ್ದು, 17ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಉಂದು ಅವಶೇಷೊದ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಡೇ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ್ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾನಗ ಕೆಲಸೊಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೋಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಾತ್ರ ವಹಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಅವು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಅತ್ತುಡ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಪೊಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಕೆಲಸ 1640–1642ರ ನಡುತ ಕಾಲೊಡು ನಡೆದುಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಪರತ್ತ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗೋಡೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು ಈ ಪೊಸ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ದುಂಬುದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಡ್ದು ಕಿನ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ನಾಲ್ ದಳೊದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಸುತ್ತ ಐನ್ ಗೋಪುರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ಪೇರಳೆ ಆಕಾರೊದ ಐನ್ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕಲಾವಿದರೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ತಂಡೊ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರ ''ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾನ ಕೊಡುಗೆ'' (''Petro Mohyla's Gift'') ಪಂಡುದ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಎದುರು ಮೊಣಕಾಲುನು ಊರುದು, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮಾದರಿ ಒಂಜೆನ್ ಅರ್ಪಣೆ ಮನ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಿದಾಯಿ ಭಾಗೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊ ನೋಟ]] 1751–1752 ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1813–1814ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅವ್ವೇ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ರಿ ಮೆಲೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಹಂತೊದ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಕಟ್ಟಾದೆರ್. ಈ ನವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಒಂತೆ ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು. 1909ಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊದ ತಜ್ಞೆ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಷಿಯನ್ ಪೊಕ್ರಿಶ್ಕಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನ್ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ರೂಪೊಗ್ ತಿರುಗಿಸುನ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸನ್ ಆರಂಭಿಸಾಯಿನಾರ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಐನ್ ವರ್ಷ ಮುಂದುವರಿಂಡ್. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮೂಲ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊಲು ಉತ್ಖನನೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾದುಂಡು, ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಒರಿದಿನ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ತೂವೊಲಿ. 1947 ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 7 ತಾನಿ ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆದ 800ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವದ ಸಂದರ್ಭ, ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ ಸಮಾಧಿಯಾದ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬರೆ ಆವಂದಿನ ಜಾಗೊಡು ಮಲ್ಲ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಸಾರ್ಕೊಫೇಗಸ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್ 1970ರ ದಶಕೊದ ಆರಂಭೊಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ''Miraculous Fishing'' ಪನಿಪುನ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ತುಂಡು ಪತ್ತೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಉಂದೆಡ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನು ನೀರುದ ಮಿತ್ತು ನಡತೊಂದು ದೋಣಿದ ಕಡೆಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಬಳಿಕ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ–ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಭಾಗೊ ಆಂಡ್. ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಉಂದು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯದ ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಯ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುಂಡು; ಭಾನುವಾರದ ದಿನೊಲು ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸೇವೆಲೂ ನಡೆಯುಂಡು. == ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ (2002–2004) == 2001ಡ್ Getty Institute for Architectural Conservation ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗ್ ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ ಮನ್ಪುಗನೇ ಅನುದಾನ ಕೊರ್ದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Церква Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.kplavra.kiev.ua/ |publisher=Національний Києво-Печерський історико-культурний заповідник |access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref> 2002–2003ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ Getty Foundation‌ದ ಅನುದಾನ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊದ ಅಂಗವಾದ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ನಡೆತುಂಡು. ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೀಕರಣದ ಯೋಜನೆ ತಯಾರು ಮಂತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊಲು ನಡಪಾಯೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Науково-реставраційні дослідження та виконання невідкладних консерваційних робіт на церкві Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.myslenedrevo.com.ua/ |publisher=Культурна спадщина Києва |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯೊನದ ಸಂದರ್ಭೊಡು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮುಂಭಾಗೊದ ಮೇಲ್ಛಾವಣಿ, ನೆಲದೊ ರಚನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಲಯಿ ಭಾಗೊದ ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ನಡೆಪಾಯೆರ್. ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಡ್ದ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 14–16ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಲೆನ ನಡುತ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ನಡೆತಿನ ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾದ್ ತೆರಿಯಂದಿನ ಪುನರ್‌ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ಸುಳಿವುಲು ಲಭಿಸಾದುಂಡು. 2003–2004ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿನ್ ತೆರಿಯರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದುಂಬುದ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಾರೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಅವೆತೋ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಗುಂಡಿಲು ದೆಯಿದೆರ್. == ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ (2017–2019) == 2017ಡ್ ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪೊಸ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆರಂಭ ಆಂಡ್. ಯೋಜನೆಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊ, ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲುದ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ವಿವಿಧ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು. ಈ ಕೆಲಸೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಪೂರಾ ಮೂಲ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಒರಿಪಾವರೆ ವಿಶೇಷ ಗಮನ ಕೊರಿಯೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲು ವಿಶೇಷ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೌಲ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ತೆರಿಪಾಯೆರ್. ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಗ್ ವಿಯಾಚೆಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಮೊಸ್ಕಲೆವ್ಸ್ಕಿ 50 ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಹ್ರಿವ್ನಿಯಾ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ನೆರವು ಕೊರ್ದು ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷೊ ನಡೆತುಂಡು, 2019ಡ್ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾದ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=В Киеве началась реставрация церкви 11 века |url=https://kyivnews.24tv.ua/ |publisher=24 Канал |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=У Києві відреставрують церкву Спаса на Берестові |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/ |publisher=Укрінформ |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref> == ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣವಾದ '''Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra''' ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣದ ಭಾಗೊ ಆಂಡ್. ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ 1990ಡ್ UNESCO ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಸೇರಿಸಲಾಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ಉಂದು ಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಗ್ರಂಥಸೂಚಿಲು == * Rappoport, Pyotr. ''Zodchestavo Drevnei Rusi''. Leningrad: Nauka, 1986. * Malikenaite, Ruta (2003). ''Touring Kyiv''. Baltia Druk. ISBN 966-96041-3-3. * {{cite web |title=Transfiguration Church in Berestove |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/ |publisher=Encyclopedia of Ukraine |access-date=24 November 2006}} * Klymenko, Sergiy. ''Церква Спаса на Берестові''. Pictures of Kyiv. * ''Памятники градостроительства и архитектуры Украинской ССР'', 4 volumes. Kyiv: Будивэльнык, 1983–86. == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Kyiv World Heritage Site] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove Wikimedia Commons – Church of the Saviour at Berestove] {{Commons category|Church of the Saviour at Berestove}} [[Category:ಕೀವ್]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಲು]] [[Category:12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ]] qef54v5cfou8enfmkf8xkwtfxugd5iw 366783 366757 2026-08-23T16:41:41Z ChiK 1136 Added {{[[Template:Copy edit|Copy edit]]}} tag 366783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್}} {{Copy edit|for=ಬೇರೆಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್|date=ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2026}} {{coord|50|26|14|N|30|33|18|E|region:UA|display=title}} {{Infobox church | name = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | native_name = Церква Спаса на Берестові | native_name_lang = uk | image = Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg | image_caption = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನೋಟ | location = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ, ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, [[ಕೀವ್]] | country = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | denomination = ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ | style = ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್ | years_built = 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ }} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | WHS = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | part_of = Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra | criteria = i, ii, iii, iv | id = 527 | year = 1990 | danger = 2023 }} '''ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊಡ್, ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್.ಉಂದು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಕೋಟೆಗೋಡೆದ ಪಿದಾಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಇತ್ತುಂಡಲಾ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊದ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ನ ಹೊರವಲಯೊದ ನಿವಾಸ ಆದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಅವು 1015ಡ್ದ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಮರಣ ಹೊಂದುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ವೆಸೆವೊಲೊದ್ I ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ II ಸೇರುದು ಅಲ್ಪ ಕೆಲವು ವಂಶಜೆರ್ ವಾಸ ಮಂತ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಅಲ್ಪ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಠ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಸುರುತ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆ 1073ಡ್ ಸಿಕ್ಕುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಇತ್ತೆದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿಖರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದಾಖಲೆಲು ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಬಹುತೇಕ ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರೆರ್ ಉಂದು ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ (1113–1125) ಆಡಳಿತೊ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನಿ ಪಂಡುದು ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಮಂದೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪೆರೆಯಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಕೆಲವು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ಸಾಮ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಅರಮನೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್‌ಲೆಗಿಂತ ಮಲ್ಲ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಮೂಜಿ ''ನೇವ್'', ಮೂಜಿ ''ಅಪ್ಸೆ'' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಹುಶಃ ಮೂಜಿ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದುಂಡು. ಪಶ್ಚಿಮೊದ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೆಲವು ಭಾಗೊಲು ನನ ಉಳಿದುಂಡು; ಬೇತೆ ಗೋಡೆದ ರೂಪೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಉತ್ಖನದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗ ''ನರ್ತೆಕ್ಸ್'' ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನಾ ಜಾಗೊಡ್ದು ಬೇರ್ಪಟ್ಟುದುಂಡು. ಉತ್ತರೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ದೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಪಿದಯಿ ಚಾಚುದಿನ ಗೋಪುರ ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಗೋಪುರೊಡು ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆ, ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅತಿಥಿಲೆಗ್ ಮಿತ್ತುದ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಸುರುಳಿದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಉಂಡು. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|left|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹೊರಾಂಗಣೊದ ನೋಟ]] ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರರೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊಡ್ ಕೆಲವು ಪೊಸ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಾದೇರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರವೇಶದ್ವಾರೊಲೆಗ್ ಎತ್ತರೊದ ಇಳಿಜಾರು ಉಪ್ಪುನ trefoil ಆಕಾರೊದ ಮುಖಮಂಟಪೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಲಂಬಾಕಾರದ ಭಾವನೆನ್ ಒತ್ತುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಭಾಗೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆದ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಡಬಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಟ್ರಿಪಲ್ ಕುಳಿಲು, ''ಮೇಯಾಂಡರ್'' ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಉಂದೆತ ವಿಶೇಷತೆ ಆದುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಈ ಕಾಲೊದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಡ್ದು ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್, ಉಂದೆತ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಡು ಸುಣ್ಣಕಲ್ಲು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಂದುಜೆರ್ ಪಂಡುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮರಣೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಒರಿಪಾದೆರ್. ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನೊದ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿದ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ ವಂಶೊದ ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಮೂಜಿ ಸದಸ್ಯರೆನ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು ಉಂಡು ಪಂಡುದು ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ (ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕ ಪಂಡುದ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾದೆರ್), ಅರೆನ ಮಗೆ ಗ್ಲೆಬ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಗಳ್ ಯೂಫೆಮಿಯಾ ಸೇರುದು ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> 1240ಡ್ ಬಾತು ಖಾನ್ ಕೀವ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಳಿ ಮಂತುಪ್ಪುನಗ ಚರ್ಚ್ಗ್ ಹಾನಿಯಾಂಡ್. 1482ಡ್ ಮೆಙ್ಲಿ I ಗಿರಾಯ್‌ದ ದಾಳಿದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಕೂಡಾ ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಗು ಹಾನಿಯಾತುಂಡು. ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗೋಡೆಲು ಮಗುರ್ದು, 17ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಉಂದು ಅವಶೇಷೊದ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಡೇ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ್ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾನಗ ಕೆಲಸೊಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೋಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಾತ್ರ ವಹಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಅವು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಅತ್ತುಡ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಪೊಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಕೆಲಸ 1640–1642ರ ನಡುತ ಕಾಲೊಡು ನಡೆದುಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಪರತ್ತ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗೋಡೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು ಈ ಪೊಸ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ದುಂಬುದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಡ್ದು ಕಿನ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ನಾಲ್ ದಳೊದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಸುತ್ತ ಐನ್ ಗೋಪುರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ಪೇರಳೆ ಆಕಾರೊದ ಐನ್ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕಲಾವಿದರೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ತಂಡೊ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರ ''ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾನ ಕೊಡುಗೆ'' (''Petro Mohyla's Gift'') ಪಂಡುದ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಎದುರು ಮೊಣಕಾಲುನು ಊರುದು, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮಾದರಿ ಒಂಜೆನ್ ಅರ್ಪಣೆ ಮನ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಿದಾಯಿ ಭಾಗೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊ ನೋಟ]] 1751–1752 ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1813–1814ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅವ್ವೇ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ರಿ ಮೆಲೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಹಂತೊದ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಕಟ್ಟಾದೆರ್. ಈ ನವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಒಂತೆ ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು. 1909ಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊದ ತಜ್ಞೆ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಷಿಯನ್ ಪೊಕ್ರಿಶ್ಕಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನ್ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ರೂಪೊಗ್ ತಿರುಗಿಸುನ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸನ್ ಆರಂಭಿಸಾಯಿನಾರ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಐನ್ ವರ್ಷ ಮುಂದುವರಿಂಡ್. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮೂಲ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊಲು ಉತ್ಖನನೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾದುಂಡು, ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಒರಿದಿನ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ತೂವೊಲಿ. 1947 ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 7 ತಾನಿ ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆದ 800ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವದ ಸಂದರ್ಭ, ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ ಸಮಾಧಿಯಾದ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬರೆ ಆವಂದಿನ ಜಾಗೊಡು ಮಲ್ಲ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಸಾರ್ಕೊಫೇಗಸ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್ 1970ರ ದಶಕೊದ ಆರಂಭೊಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ''Miraculous Fishing'' ಪನಿಪುನ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ತುಂಡು ಪತ್ತೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಉಂದೆಡ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನು ನೀರುದ ಮಿತ್ತು ನಡತೊಂದು ದೋಣಿದ ಕಡೆಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಬಳಿಕ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ–ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಭಾಗೊ ಆಂಡ್. ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಉಂದು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯದ ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಯ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುಂಡು; ಭಾನುವಾರದ ದಿನೊಲು ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸೇವೆಲೂ ನಡೆಯುಂಡು. == ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ (2002–2004) == 2001ಡ್ Getty Institute for Architectural Conservation ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗ್ ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ ಮನ್ಪುಗನೇ ಅನುದಾನ ಕೊರ್ದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Церква Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.kplavra.kiev.ua/ |publisher=Національний Києво-Печерський історико-культурний заповідник |access-date=15 February 2012}}</ref> 2002–2003ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ Getty Foundation‌ದ ಅನುದಾನ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊದ ಅಂಗವಾದ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ನಡೆತುಂಡು. ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೀಕರಣದ ಯೋಜನೆ ತಯಾರು ಮಂತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊಲು ನಡಪಾಯೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Науково-реставраційні дослідження та виконання невідкладних консерваційних робіт на церкві Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.myslenedrevo.com.ua/ |publisher=Культурна спадщина Києва |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯೊನದ ಸಂದರ್ಭೊಡು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮುಂಭಾಗೊದ ಮೇಲ್ಛಾವಣಿ, ನೆಲದೊ ರಚನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಲಯಿ ಭಾಗೊದ ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ನಡೆಪಾಯೆರ್. ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಡ್ದ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 14–16ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಲೆನ ನಡುತ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ನಡೆತಿನ ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾದ್ ತೆರಿಯಂದಿನ ಪುನರ್‌ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ಸುಳಿವುಲು ಲಭಿಸಾದುಂಡು. 2003–2004ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿನ್ ತೆರಿಯರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದುಂಬುದ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಾರೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಅವೆತೋ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಗುಂಡಿಲು ದೆಯಿದೆರ್. == ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ (2017–2019) == 2017ಡ್ ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪೊಸ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆರಂಭ ಆಂಡ್. ಯೋಜನೆಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊ, ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲುದ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ವಿವಿಧ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು. ಈ ಕೆಲಸೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಪೂರಾ ಮೂಲ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಒರಿಪಾವರೆ ವಿಶೇಷ ಗಮನ ಕೊರಿಯೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲು ವಿಶೇಷ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೌಲ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ತೆರಿಪಾಯೆರ್. ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಗ್ ವಿಯಾಚೆಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಮೊಸ್ಕಲೆವ್ಸ್ಕಿ 50 ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಹ್ರಿವ್ನಿಯಾ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ನೆರವು ಕೊರ್ದು ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷೊ ನಡೆತುಂಡು, 2019ಡ್ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾದ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=В Киеве началась реставрация церкви 11 века |url=https://kyivnews.24tv.ua/ |publisher=24 Канал |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=У Києві відреставрують церкву Спаса на Берестові |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/ |publisher=Укрінформ |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref> == ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣವಾದ '''Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra''' ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣದ ಭಾಗೊ ಆಂಡ್. ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ 1990ಡ್ UNESCO ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಸೇರಿಸಲಾಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ಉಂದು ಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಗ್ರಂಥಸೂಚಿಲು == * Rappoport, Pyotr. ''Zodchestavo Drevnei Rusi''. Leningrad: Nauka, 1986. * Malikenaite, Ruta (2003). ''Touring Kyiv''. Baltia Druk. ISBN 966-96041-3-3. * {{cite web |title=Transfiguration Church in Berestove |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/ |publisher=Encyclopedia of Ukraine |access-date=24 November 2006}} * Klymenko, Sergiy. ''Церква Спаса на Берестові''. Pictures of Kyiv. * ''Памятники градостроительства и архитектуры Украинской ССР'', 4 volumes. Kyiv: Будивэльнык, 1983–86. == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Kyiv World Heritage Site] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove Wikimedia Commons – Church of the Saviour at Berestove] {{Commons category|Church of the Saviour at Berestove}} [[Category:ಕೀವ್]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಲು]] [[Category:12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ]] 2al5waozxn0so9ohjqqbsdfl5sfbssz 366802 366783 2026-08-24T00:45:53Z InternetArchiveBot 4316 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 366802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್}} {{Copy edit|for=ಬೇರೆಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್|date=ಆಗೋಸ್ಟು ೨೦೨೬}} {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2026}} {{coord|50|26|14|N|30|33|18|E|region:UA|display=title}} {{Infobox church | name = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | native_name = Церква Спаса на Берестові | native_name_lang = uk | image = Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg | image_caption = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನೋಟ | location = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ, ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, [[ಕೀವ್]] | country = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | denomination = ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ | style = ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬರೋಕ್ | years_built = 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನ }} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | WHS = ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ | part_of = Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra | criteria = i, ii, iii, iv | id = 527 | year = 1990 | danger = 2023 }} '''ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕೀವ್ ಪಟ್ಟಣೊಡ್, ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಉತ್ತರ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಚರ್ಚ್.ಉಂದು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಪನ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಲಾವ್ರಾದ ಕೋಟೆಗೋಡೆದ ಪಿದಾಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಇತ್ತುಂಡಲಾ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊದ ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಸ್ಮಾರಕದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ನ ಹೊರವಲಯೊದ ನಿವಾಸ ಆದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಅವು 1015ಡ್ದ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಮರಣ ಹೊಂದುದೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ ವೆಸೆವೊಲೊದ್ I ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ II ಸೇರುದು ಅಲ್ಪ ಕೆಲವು ವಂಶಜೆರ್ ವಾಸ ಮಂತ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಅಲ್ಪ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಠ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಸುರುತ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ದಾಖಲೆ 1073ಡ್ ಸಿಕ್ಕುದುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಇತ್ತೆದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿಖರ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ದಾಖಲೆಲು ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಬಹುತೇಕ ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರೆರ್ ಉಂದು ವೊಲೊದಿಮಿರ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ (1113–1125) ಆಡಳಿತೊ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನಿ ಪಂಡುದು ಅಭಿಪ್ರಾಯ ಮಂದೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪೆರೆಯಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಕೆಲವು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ಸಾಮ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಅರಮನೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್‌ಲೆಗಿಂತ ಮಲ್ಲ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಮೂಜಿ ''ನೇವ್'', ಮೂಜಿ ''ಅಪ್ಸೆ'' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಹುಶಃ ಮೂಜಿ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದುಂಡು. ಪಶ್ಚಿಮೊದ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೆಲವು ಭಾಗೊಲು ನನ ಉಳಿದುಂಡು; ಬೇತೆ ಗೋಡೆದ ರೂಪೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಉತ್ಖನದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಲಭಿಸುದುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಭಾಗ ''ನರ್ತೆಕ್ಸ್'' ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನಾ ಜಾಗೊಡ್ದು ಬೇರ್ಪಟ್ಟುದುಂಡು. ಉತ್ತರೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ದೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಪಿದಯಿ ಚಾಚುದಿನ ಗೋಪುರ ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಗೋಪುರೊಡು ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆ, ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅತಿಥಿಲೆಗ್ ಮಿತ್ತುದ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ಸುರುಳಿದ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲು ಉಂಡು. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|left|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹೊರಾಂಗಣೊದ ನೋಟ]] ಕಲಾ ಇತಿಹಾಸಕಾರರೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವನ್ ರಸ್ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊಡ್ ಕೆಲವು ಪೊಸ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಪರಿಕಲ್ಪನೆಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಚಯಿಸಾದೇರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರವೇಶದ್ವಾರೊಲೆಗ್ ಎತ್ತರೊದ ಇಳಿಜಾರು ಉಪ್ಪುನ trefoil ಆಕಾರೊದ ಮುಖಮಂಟಪೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಈ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಲಂಬಾಕಾರದ ಭಾವನೆನ್ ಒತ್ತುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಹೊರಭಾಗೊ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ಇಟ್ಟಿಗೆದ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಲೆನ್ ಹೊಂದುದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಡಬಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಟ್ರಿಪಲ್ ಕುಳಿಲು, ''ಮೇಯಾಂಡರ್'' ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಶಿಲುಬೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಉಂದೆತ ವಿಶೇಷತೆ ಆದುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ಡ್ ಕಟ್ಟಾಯಿನ ಈ ಕಾಲೊದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಡ್ದು ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್, ಉಂದೆತ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಡು ಸುಣ್ಣಕಲ್ಲು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಂದುಜೆರ್ ಪಂಡುದು ಪನ್ಪುಂಡು. == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮರಣೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಅರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬದೊಟ್ಟುಗ್ ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಒರಿಪಾದೆರ್. ದೀಕ್ಷಾಸ್ನಾನೊದ ಮೀಪಿನ ಕೊಠಡಿದ ತಿರ್ತುದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್ ವಂಶೊದ ಕನಿಷ್ಠ ಮೂಜಿ ಸದಸ್ಯರೆನ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು ಉಂಡು ಪಂಡುದು ನಂಬಿಕೆ ಉಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ (ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕ ಪಂಡುದ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾದೆರ್), ಅರೆನ ಮಗೆ ಗ್ಲೆಬ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಗಳ್ ಯೂಫೆಮಿಯಾ ಸೇರುದು ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Church of the Saviour at Berestove |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove |publisher=Wikipedia |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> 1240ಡ್ ಬಾತು ಖಾನ್ ಕೀವ್ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ದಾಳಿ ಮಂತುಪ್ಪುನಗ ಚರ್ಚ್ಗ್ ಹಾನಿಯಾಂಡ್. 1482ಡ್ ಮೆಙ್ಲಿ I ಗಿರಾಯ್‌ದ ದಾಳಿದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಕೂಡಾ ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಗು ಹಾನಿಯಾತುಂಡು. ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗೋಡೆಲು ಮಗುರ್ದು, 17ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಉಂದು ಅವಶೇಷೊದ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಡೇ ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ಕೀವ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆನ್ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾನಗ ಕೆಲಸೊಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೋಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪಾತ್ರ ವಹಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಅವು ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಅತ್ತುಡ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ಬರೋಕ್ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಾಯೆರ್. ಪೊಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಕೆಲಸ 1640–1642ರ ನಡುತ ಕಾಲೊಡು ನಡೆದುಂಡು. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಪರತ್ತ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗೋಡೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು ಈ ಪೊಸ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ದುಂಬುದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಡ್ದು ಕಿನ್ಯ ಆದುಂಡು. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ನಾಲ್ ದಳೊದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಸುತ್ತ ಐನ್ ಗೋಪುರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ಪೇರಳೆ ಆಕಾರೊದ ಐನ್ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು. ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕಲಾವಿದರೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ತಂಡೊ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ್ ರಚಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರ ''ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾನ ಕೊಡುಗೆ'' (''Petro Mohyla's Gift'') ಪಂಡುದ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ಉಂದೆಟ್ ಪೆಟ್ರೊ ಮೊಹೈಲಾ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನ ಎದುರು ಮೊಣಕಾಲುನು ಊರುದು, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮಾದರಿ ಒಂಜೆನ್ ಅರ್ಪಣೆ ಮನ್ಪುನ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. [[File:Church of the Saviour at Berestove (domes).jpg|thumb|250px|ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪಿದಾಯಿ ಭಾಗೊದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದೊ ನೋಟ]] 1751–1752 ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1813–1814ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊ ಪುನರುಜ್ಜೀವನಗೊಳಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಅವ್ವೇ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಆಂಡ್ರಿ ಮೆಲೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಹಂತೊದ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಕಟ್ಟಾದೆರ್. ಈ ನವಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಒಂತೆ ಭಿನ್ನವಾದ್ ತೋಜುಂಡು. 1909ಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊದ ತಜ್ಞೆ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿಷಿಯನ್ ಪೊಕ್ರಿಶ್ಕಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನ್ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ರೂಪೊಗ್ ತಿರುಗಿಸುನ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸನ್ ಆರಂಭಿಸಾಯಿನಾರ್. ಈ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ಐನ್ ವರ್ಷ ಮುಂದುವರಿಂಡ್. ಮೊನೊಮಾಖ್‌ದ ಮೂಲ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊಲು ಉತ್ಖನನೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾದುಂಡು, ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಒರಿದಿನ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ತೂವೊಲಿ. 1947 ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 7 ತಾನಿ ಮಾಸ್ಕೋ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆದ 800ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವದ ಸಂದರ್ಭ, ಯೂರಿ ಡೊಲ್ಗೊರುಕಿ ಸಮಾಧಿಯಾದ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಪಂಡುದ ನಂಬರೆ ಆವಂದಿನ ಜಾಗೊಡು ಮಲ್ಲ ಗ್ರಾನೈಟ್ ಸಾರ್ಕೊಫೇಗಸ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್ 1970ರ ದಶಕೊದ ಆರಂಭೊಡ್, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ 12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ''Miraculous Fishing'' ಪನಿಪುನ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ತುಂಡು ಪತ್ತೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಉಂದೆಡ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ತನು ನೀರುದ ಮಿತ್ತು ನಡತೊಂದು ದೋಣಿದ ಕಡೆಗ್ ಪೋಪಿನ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಚಿತ್ರಿಸಾದೆರ್. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಬಳಿಕ, ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ–ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಭಾಗೊ ಆಂಡ್. ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಉಂದು ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯದ ರೂಪೊಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಯ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುಂಡು; ಭಾನುವಾರದ ದಿನೊಲು ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸೇವೆಲೂ ನಡೆಯುಂಡು. == ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ (2002–2004) == 2001ಡ್ Getty Institute for Architectural Conservation ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗ್ ಸಿದ್ಧತೆ ಮನ್ಪುಗನೇ ಅನುದಾನ ಕೊರ್ದು ಇತ್ತುಂಡು.<ref>{{cite web |title=Церква Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.kplavra.kiev.ua/ |publisher=Національний Києво-Печерський історико-культурний заповідник |access-date=15 February 2012 |archivedate=10 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610081043/http://www.kplavra.kiev.ua/%23 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2002–2003ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ Getty Foundation‌ದ ಅನುದಾನ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊದ ಅಂಗವಾದ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಡ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ ನಡೆತುಂಡು. ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯೀಕರಣದ ಯೋಜನೆ ತಯಾರು ಮಂತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊಲು ನಡಪಾಯೆರ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Науково-реставраційні дослідження та виконання невідкладних консерваційних робіт на церкві Спаса на Берестові |url=http://www.myslenedrevo.com.ua/ |publisher=Культурна спадщина Києва |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಯೊನದ ಸಂದರ್ಭೊಡು ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮುಂಭಾಗೊದ ಮೇಲ್ಛಾವಣಿ, ನೆಲದೊ ರಚನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಲಯಿ ಭಾಗೊದ ಚಿತ್ರಕಲೆನ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಪರೀಕ್ಷೆ ನಡೆಪಾಯೆರ್. ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಡ್ದ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಆರಂಭಿಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 14–16ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಲೆನ ನಡುತ ಕಾಲೊಡ್ ನಡೆತಿನ ಪೂರ್ತಿಯಾದ್ ತೆರಿಯಂದಿನ ಪುನರ್‌ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊದ ಸುಳಿವುಲು ಲಭಿಸಾದುಂಡು. 2003–2004ರ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಅಡಿಪಾಯೊದ ತಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿನ್ ತೆರಿಯರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದುಂಬುದ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಾರೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿ ಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಅವೆತೋ ಪುರಾತತ್ವ ಗುಂಡಿಲು ದೆಯಿದೆರ್. == ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ (2017–2019) == 2017ಡ್ ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಪೊಸ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆರಂಭ ಆಂಡ್. ಯೋಜನೆಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊ, ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲುದ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ವಿವಿಧ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು ಸೇರುದುಂಡು. ಈ ಕೆಲಸೊದ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊದ ಪೂರಾ ಮೂಲ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಒರಿಪಾವರೆ ವಿಶೇಷ ಗಮನ ಕೊರಿಯೆರ್. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಭಿತ್ತಿಚಿತ್ರೊಲು ವಿಶೇಷ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೌಲ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು ಪಂಡುದ ಕೀವ್-ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ತೆರಿಪಾಯೆರ್. ಈ ಯೋಜನೆಗ್ ವಿಯಾಚೆಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಮೊಸ್ಕಲೆವ್ಸ್ಕಿ 50 ಮಿಲಿಯನ್ ಹ್ರಿವ್ನಿಯಾ ಆರ್ಥಿಕ ನೆರವು ಕೊರ್ದು ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನಾ ಕೆಲಸ ಸುಮಾರು ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷೊ ನಡೆತುಂಡು, 2019ಡ್ ಯಶಸ್ವಿಯಾದ್ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=В Киеве началась реставрация церкви 11 века |url=https://kyivnews.24tv.ua/ |publisher=24 Канал |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=У Києві відреставрують церкву Спаса на Берестові |url=https://www.ukrinform.ua/ |publisher=Укрінформ |date=27 July 2017 |access-date=9 June 2021}}</ref> == ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ == ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣವಾದ '''Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra''' ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣದ ಭಾಗೊ ಆಂಡ್. ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ 1990ಡ್ UNESCO ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಸೇರಿಸಲಾಂಡ್.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kyiv: Saint-Sophia Cathedral and Related Monastic Buildings, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |access-date=23 August 2026}}</ref> == ಉಂದು ಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * ಬೆರೇಸ್ತೋವೆಡ್ ರಕ್ಷಕನ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲು == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಗ್ರಂಥಸೂಚಿಲು == * Rappoport, Pyotr. ''Zodchestavo Drevnei Rusi''. Leningrad: Nauka, 1986. * Malikenaite, Ruta (2003). ''Touring Kyiv''. Baltia Druk. ISBN 966-96041-3-3. * {{cite web |title=Transfiguration Church in Berestove |url=http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/ |publisher=Encyclopedia of Ukraine |access-date=24 November 2006}} * Klymenko, Sergiy. ''Церква Спаса на Берестові''. Pictures of Kyiv. * ''Памятники градостроительства и архитектуры Украинской ССР'', 4 volumes. Kyiv: Будивэльнык, 1983–86. == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/527/ UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Kyiv World Heritage Site] * [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Church_of_the_Saviour_at_Berestove Wikimedia Commons – Church of the Saviour at Berestove] {{Commons category|Church of the Saviour at Berestove}} [[Category:ಕೀವ್]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಲು]] [[Category:12ನೇ ಶತಮಾನದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲು]] [[Category:ಕೀವ್ ಪೆಚೆರ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಲಾವ್ರಾ]] 3uwkwbktxelf3brvn6f5v0t1lc510h9 10 28152 366759 2026-07-14T01:38:57Z en>Hike395 0 restore default width 366759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Type in location|main|Church|{{Comma separated entries|{{{location|}}}|{{{country|}}}}}}}{{infobox | child = {{lc:{{{embed|}}}}} | bodyclass = vcard | abovestyle = color:{{Infobox church/font color|denom={{{denomination|}}}}}; background-color:#{{Infobox church/denomination|denom={{{denomination|}}}}} | headerstyle = color:{{Infobox church/font 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other_name | parish | pastor | previous_cathedrals | previous_denomination | priest | province | rector | religious_institute | religious_order | status | style | succentor | sui_iuris_church | tradition | vicar | website | width | years_built }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox church]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox church with conflicting parameters}} | religious_order; religious_institute | former_name; former_names }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> 79zpte6ga31abzvxat2rt4m8yrcj7hy 366760 366759 2026-08-23T16:34:40Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:Infobox_church]] 366759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Type in location|main|Church|{{Comma separated entries|{{{location|}}}|{{{country|}}}}}}}{{infobox | child = {{lc:{{{embed|}}}}} | bodyclass = vcard | abovestyle = color:{{Infobox church/font color|denom={{{denomination|}}}}}; background-color:#{{Infobox church/denomination|denom={{{denomination|}}}}} | headerstyle = color:{{Infobox church/font color|denom={{{denomination|}}}}}; background-color:#{{Infobox church/denomination|denom={{{denomination|}}}}} | subheaderstyle = font-weight:bold | autoheaders = yes | above = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} | aboveclass = fn org | subheader1 = {{{full_name|}}} | subheader2 = {{{other_name|}}} | subheader3 = {{#if:{{{native_name|}}}|<div class="nickname" {{#if:{{{native_name_lang|}}}|lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}"}}>{{{native_name}}}</div>}} | subheader1class = nickname | subheader2class = nickname | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{{image_size|}}}|upright={{{image_upright|}}}|alt={{{alt|}}}}} | caption = {{{caption|}}} | imagestyle = {{#if:{{{pushpin_map|}}}||border-bottom:1px #aaa solid}} | image2 = {{#invoke:Location map|infobox_pushpin_map | pushpin_label = {{if empty|{{{pushpin_label|}}}|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} | default_width = 250 }} | image3 = {{#invoke:Infobox mapframe |autoWithCaption |onByDefault={{#if:{{{pushpin_map|}}}|no|yes}} |mapframe-type=landmark |mapframe-marker=religious-christian |mapframe-width=250 |mapframe-frame-width=250 |mapframe-wikidata=yes |mapframe-marker-color = #919090 |mapframe-stroke-color = #525252 |mapframe-stroke-width = 3 |mapframe-shape-fill = #dbdbdb |mapframe-caption = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} }} | data1 = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}} |{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:landmark|{{#if:{{{country|}}}|region:{{Country abbreviation|{{Delink|{{{country}}}}}}}}}}} |}} | label2 = {{longitem|[[Ordnance Survey National Grid|OS grid reference]]}} | data2 = {{#if: {{{osgraw|}}}|{{Ordnance Survey coordinates|{{{osgraw}}}|{{{osgraw}}}|<!-- -->name={{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}|direct=1}}}} | label3 = Location | class3 = label | data3 = {{{location|}}} | label4 = Address | class4 = street-address | data4 = {{{address|}}} | label5 = Country | class5 = category | data5 = {{{country|}}} | label6 = Language{{pluralize from text|{{{languages|}}}|likely=(s)|plural=s}} | class6 = language(s) | data6 = {{{languages|}}} | label7 = [[Christian denomination|Denomination]] | class7 = category | data7 = {{{denomination|}}} | label8 = {{longitem|Previous denomination}} | data8 = {{{previous_denomination|}}} | label9 = {{longitem|[[Sui iuris]] church}} | data9 = {{{sui_iuris_church|}}} | label10 = [[Christian tradition|Tradition]] | class10 = category | data10 = {{{tradition|}}} | label11 = {{longitem|{{#if:{{{religious_order|}}}|[[Religious order#Christianity|Religious order]]|[[Religious institute]]}}}} | class11 = category | data11 = {{if empty|{{{religious_order|}}}|{{{religious_institute|}}}}} | label12 = [[Churchmanship]] | class12 = category | data12 = {{{churchmanship|}}} | label13 = Website | data13 = {{{website|}}} <!--HISTORY--> | header14 = History | label15 = {{longitem|Former name{{pluralize from text|{{if empty|{{{former_name|}}}|{{{former_names|}}}}}|likely=(s)|plural=s}}}} | class15 = nickname | data15 = {{if empty|{{{former_name|}}}|{{{former_names|}}}}} | label16 = Status | rowclass16 = note | class16 = category | data16 = {{{status|}}} | label17 = Founded | data17 = {{{founded|}}} | label18 = Founder{{pluralize from text|{{{founder|}}}|likely=(s)|plural=s}} | data18 = {{{founder|}}} | label19 = [[Dedication of churches|Dedication]] | data19 = {{{dedication|}}} | label20 = Dedicated | data20 = {{{dedicated|}}} | label21 = {{longitem|Earlier dedication}} | data21 = {{{early_dedication|}}} | label22 = {{longitem|Other dedication}} | data22 = {{{other_dedication|}}} | label23 = [[Consecration|Consecrated]] | data23 = {{{consecrated|}}} | label24 = Events | data24 = {{{events|}}} <!--ARCHITECTURE--> | header25 = Architecture | label26 = {{longitem|Functional status}} | class26 = category | data26 = {{{functional_status|}}} | label27 = {{longitem|Heritage designation}} | class27 = category | data27 = {{{heritage_designation|}}} | label28 = Designated | data28 = {{{designated|}}} | label29 = {{longitem|Previous cathedrals}} | data29 = {{{previous_cathedrals|}}} | label30 = Architect{{pluralize from text|{{{architect|}}}|likely=(s)|plural=s}} | rowclass30 = note | data30 = {{{architect|}}} | label31 = {{longitem|Architectural type}} | class31 = category | data31 = {{{architectural_type|}}} | label32 = [[Sacred architecture|Style]] | class32 = category | data32 = {{{style|}}} | label33 = {{longitem|Years built}} | data33 = {{{years_built|}}} | label34 = Groundbreaking | data34 = {{{groundbreaking|}}} | label35 = Completed | data35 = {{{completed|}}} | label36 = {{longitem|Construction cost}} | data36 = {{{construction_cost|}}} | label37 = Closed | data37 = {{{closed|}}} | label38 = Demolished | data38 = {{{demolished|}}} <!--SPECIFICATIONS--> | header39 = Specifications | label40 = Capacity | data40 = {{{capacity|}}} | label41 = Length | data41 = {{{length|}}} | label42 = Width | data42 = {{{width|}}} | label43 = Height | data43 = {{{height|}}} | label44 = Materials | data44 = {{{materials|}}} <!--ADMINISTRATION--> | header45 = Administration | label46 = Division | data46 = {{{division|}}} | label47 = District | data47 = {{{district|}}} | label48 = [[Ecclesiastical province|Province]] | data48 = {{{province|}}} | label49 = [[Metropolis (religious jurisdiction)|Metropolis]] | data49 = {{{metropolis|}}} | label50 = [[Diocese|Archdiocese]] | data50 = {{{archdiocese|}}} | label51 = [[Diocese]] | data51 = {{{diocese|}}} | label52 = [[Archdeacon]]ry | data52 = {{{archdeaconry|}}} | label53 = [[Deanery]] | data53 = {{{deanery|}}} | label54 = [[Benefice]] | data54 = {{{benefice|}}} | label55 = [[Parish]] | rowclass55 = note | data55 = {{{parish|}}} <!--CLERGY--> | header56 = Clergy | label57 = [[Archbishop]] | class57 = agent | data57 = {{{archbishop|}}} | label58 = [[Bishop|Bishop{{pluralize from text|{{{bishop|}}}|likely=(s)|plural=s}}]] | class58 = agent | data58 = {{{bishop|}}} | label59 = [[Abbot]] | class59 = agent | data59 = {{{abbot|}}} | label60 = [[Rector (ecclesiastical)|Rector]] | class60 = agent | data60 = {{{rector|}}} | label61 = [[Vicar|Vicar{{pluralize from text|{{{vicar|}}}|likely=(s)|plural=s}}]] | class61 = agent | data61 = {{{vicar|}}} | label62 = [[Dean (Christianity)|Dean]] | class62 = agent | data62 = {{{dean|}}} | label63 = [[Succentor]] | class63 = agent | data63 = {{{succentor|}}} | label64 = [[Priest#In Christianity|Priest{{pluralize from text|{{{priest|}}}|likely=(s)|plural=s}}]] | class64 = agent | data64 = {{{priest|}}} | label65 = [[Pastor|Pastor{{pluralize from text|{{{pastor|}}}|likely=(s)|plural=s}}]] | class65 = agent | data65 = {{{pastor|}}} <!--BLANK--> | header66 = _BLANK_ | data67 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|size={{{logo_size|}}}|sizedefault = 100px | link{{#if:{{{logo_link|}}}||_IGNORE}} ={{{logo_link|}}} | alt={{{logo_alt|}}}}} | data68 = {{{embedded|}}} | data69 = {{{module|}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox church with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox church]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y|pushpin_map_args=y| abbot | address | alt | archbishop | archdeaconry | archdiocese | architect | architectural_type | benefice | bishop | capacity | caption | churchmanship | closed | completed | consecrated | construction_cost | coordinates | country | dean | deanery | dedicated | dedication | demolished | denomination | designated | diocese | district | division | early_dedication | embed | embedded | events | former_name | former_names | founded | founder | full_name | functional_status | groundbreaking | height | heritage_designation | image | image_size | image_upright | languages | length | location | logo | logo_alt | logo_link | logo_size | materials | metropolis | module | name | native_name | native_name_lang | osgraw | other_dedication | other_name | parish | pastor | previous_cathedrals | previous_denomination | priest | province | rector | religious_institute | religious_order | status | style | succentor | sui_iuris_church | tradition | vicar | website | width | years_built }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox church]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox church with conflicting parameters}} | religious_order; religious_institute | former_name; former_names }}<noinclude> {{documentation}}</noinclude> 79zpte6ga31abzvxat2rt4m8yrcj7hy 10 28153 366763 2026-04-29T01:01:36Z en>OrdinaryScarlett 0 Add denom 366763 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch:{{autolink|{{{denom|}}}}} <!--ANGLICAN/CHURCH OF ENGLAND/EPISCOPAL--> |[[Anglican]] |[[Anglican Church of Australia]] |[[Anglican Church of Canada]] |[[Anglican Church in North America]] |[[Anglicanism]] |[[Anglicanism|Anglican]] |[[Church in Wales]] |[[Church of Ireland]] |[[Church of England]] |[[Episcopal Church in the United States of America]] |[[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|ECUSA]] |[[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal]] |[[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]] |[[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal]] |[[Scottish Episcopal Church]] |[[Scottish Episcopal Church|Scottish Episcopal]] = BC50A5 <!--BAPTIST--> |[[American Baptist Churches USA]] |[[American Baptist Churches USA|Baptist]] |[[Baptist]] |[[Baptists|Baptist]] |[[Southern Baptist Convention]] |[[Southern Baptist Convention|Baptist]] = 73C2FB <!--BRETHREN--> |[[Brethren (religious group)|Brethren]] = FF7F00 <!--CATHOLIC--> |[[Armenian Catholic Church]] |[[Catholic]] |[[Catholic Church]] |[[Catholic Church|Catholic]] |[[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] |[[Chaldean Catholic Church]] |[[Chaldean Catholic Church|Chaldean Catholic]] |[[Eastern Catholic Churches]] |[[Eastern Catholic Churches|Eastern Catholic]] |[[Latin Rite|Roman Catholic]] |[[Maronite Church]] |[[Maronite Church|Maronite Catholic]] |[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]] |[[Roman Catholic]] |[[Roman Catholic Church]] |[[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] |[[Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic|Romanian Greek Catholic]] |[[Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church|Ruthenian Catholic Church]] |[[Syriac Catholic]] |[[Syriac Catholic Church|Syriac Catholic]] |[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]] |[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]] |[[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church|Ukrainian Greek Catholic]] = FFCC99 <!--CHARISMATIC--> |[[Charismatic movement]] |[[Charismatic movement|Charismatic]] = FF0000 <!--LUTHERAN--> |[[Church of Denmark]] |[[Church of Iceland]] |[[Church of Norway]] |[[Church of Sweden]] |[[Church of the Faroe Islands]] |[[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]] |[[Evangelical Lutheran Church in Lithuania]] |[[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ingria]] |[[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland]] |[[Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland|Lutheran]] |[[Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod]] |[[Lutheran]] |[[Lutheranism]] |[[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] = 228B22 <!--METHODIST--> |[[African Methodist Episcopal]] |[[African Methodist Episcopal Church]] |[[Methodism]] |[[Methodism|Methodist]] |[[Methodist]] |[[Methodist Church of Great Britain]] |[[Primitive Methodism]] |[[Primitive Methodist]] |[[Primitive Methodism|Primitive Methodist]] |[[Primitive Methodist Church]] |[[Primitive Methodist Church|Primitive Methodist]] |[[United Methodist Church]] |[[Wesleyan Church]] |[[Wesleyan Church|Wesleyan Methodist]] = CC6666 <!--ORTHODOX - EASTERN ORTHODOX--> |[[Eastern Christianity]] |[[Eastern Christianity|Orthodox]] |[[Eastern Orthodox]] |[[Eastern Orthodox Church]] |[[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] |[[Georgian Orthodox]] |[[Georgian Orthodox Church]] |[[Georgian Orthodox Church|Georgian Orthodox]] |[[Greek Orthodox]] |[[Greek Orthodox Church]] |[[Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox]] |[[Orthodox Church of Ukraine]] |[[Russian Orthodox]] |[[Russian Orthodox Church]] |[[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]] |[[Serbian Orthodox]] |[[Serbian Orthodox Church]] |[[Serbian Orthodox Church|Serbian Orthodox]] |[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)]] = FFCF00 <!--ORTHODOX - ORIENTAL ORTHODOX--> |[[Armenian Apostolic]] |[[Armenian Apostolic Church]] |[[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian Apostolic]] |[[Oriental Orthodox]] |[[Oriental Orthodox Church]] |[[Oriental Orthodox Church|Oriental Orthodox]] |[[Syriac Orthodox]] |[[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syriac Orthodox]] = CCB2FF <!--ORTHODOX - ORIENTAL ORTHODOX - COPTIC ORTHODOX--> |[[Coptic]] |[[Coptic Orthodox Church]] |[[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]] |[[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Coptic Orthodox Church]] = 007BFF <!--PENTECOSTAL--> |[[Assemblies of God]] |[[Australian Christian Churches]] |[[Church of God in Christ]] |[[Elim Pentecostal Church]] |[[Pentecostal]] |[[Pentecostalism]] |[[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]] = C80815 <!--PRE-REFORMATION--> |Pre-Reformation church |[[Protestant Reformation|Pre-Reformation church]] = CA95E4 <!--PRESBYTERIAN/REFORMED--> |[[Bible Presbyterian Church]] |[[Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)]] |[[Church of Scotland]] |[[Conservative Congregational Christian Conference]] |[[ECO (denomination)|ECO: A Covenant Order of Evangelical Presbyterians]] |[[Evangelical Presbyterian Church (United States)]] |[[Presbyterian]] |[[Presbyterian Church in America]] |[[Presbyterian Church in America|Presbyterian]] |[[Presbyterian Church in Canada]] |[[Presbyterian Church in Canada|Presbyterian]] |[[Presbyterian Church (USA)]] |[[Presbyterian Church (USA)|Presbyterian]] |[[Presbyterianism]] |[[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] |[[Reformed Christianity|Reformed]] |[[Reformed Church in America]] |[[Reformed Church in the United States]] |[[United Church of Christ]] |[[United Protestant Church of France]]= 0065BD <!--QUAKER (RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF FRIENDS)--> |[[Quaker]] |[[Religious Society of Friends]] |[[Religious Society of Friends|Quaker]] = EEDC82 <!--SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH--> |[[Adventist Church]] |[[Seventh-day Adventist Church]] |[[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventist]] = 5A864B |#default = CCCC99 }}</includeonly><noinclude><!--NOTE: Place categories in [[Template:Infobox church/denomination/doc]]; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you!-->{{Documentation}}</noinclude> n04wpl09iw9gh3qua618urmxizzuqh1 366764 366763 2026-08-23T16:34:43Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:Infobox_church/denomination]] 366763 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch:{{autolink|{{{denom|}}}}} <!--ANGLICAN/CHURCH OF ENGLAND/EPISCOPAL--> |[[Anglican]] |[[Anglican Church of Australia]] |[[Anglican Church of Canada]] |[[Anglican Church in North America]] |[[Anglicanism]] |[[Anglicanism|Anglican]] |[[Church in Wales]] |[[Church of Ireland]] |[[Church of England]] |[[Episcopal Church in the United States of America]] |[[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|ECUSA]] |[[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal]] |[[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]] |[[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal]] |[[Scottish Episcopal Church]] |[[Scottish Episcopal Church|Scottish Episcopal]] = BC50A5 <!--BAPTIST--> |[[American Baptist Churches USA]] |[[American Baptist Churches USA|Baptist]] |[[Baptist]] |[[Baptists|Baptist]] |[[Southern Baptist Convention]] |[[Southern Baptist Convention|Baptist]] = 73C2FB <!--BRETHREN--> |[[Brethren (religious group)|Brethren]] = FF7F00 <!--CATHOLIC--> |[[Armenian Catholic Church]] |[[Catholic]] |[[Catholic Church]] |[[Catholic Church|Catholic]] |[[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] |[[Chaldean Catholic Church]] |[[Chaldean Catholic Church|Chaldean Catholic]] |[[Eastern Catholic Churches]] |[[Eastern Catholic Churches|Eastern Catholic]] |[[Latin Rite|Roman Catholic]] |[[Maronite Church]] |[[Maronite Church|Maronite Catholic]] |[[Melkite Greek Catholic Church]] |[[Roman Catholic]] |[[Roman Catholic Church]] |[[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] |[[Romanian Church United with Rome, Greek-Catholic|Romanian Greek Catholic]] |[[Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church|Ruthenian Catholic Church]] |[[Syriac Catholic]] |[[Syriac Catholic Church|Syriac Catholic]] |[[Syro-Malabar Catholic Church]] |[[Syro-Malankara Catholic Church]] |[[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church|Ukrainian Greek Catholic]] = FFCC99 <!--CHARISMATIC--> |[[Charismatic movement]] |[[Charismatic movement|Charismatic]] = FF0000 <!--LUTHERAN--> |[[Church of Denmark]] |[[Church of Iceland]] |[[Church of Norway]] |[[Church of Sweden]] |[[Church of the Faroe Islands]] |[[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]] |[[Evangelical Lutheran Church in Lithuania]] |[[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ingria]] |[[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland]] |[[Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland|Lutheran]] |[[Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod]] |[[Lutheran]] |[[Lutheranism]] |[[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] = 228B22 <!--METHODIST--> |[[African Methodist Episcopal]] |[[African Methodist Episcopal Church]] |[[Methodism]] |[[Methodism|Methodist]] |[[Methodist]] |[[Methodist Church of Great Britain]] |[[Primitive Methodism]] |[[Primitive Methodist]] |[[Primitive Methodism|Primitive Methodist]] |[[Primitive Methodist Church]] |[[Primitive Methodist Church|Primitive Methodist]] |[[United Methodist Church]] |[[Wesleyan Church]] |[[Wesleyan Church|Wesleyan Methodist]] = CC6666 <!--ORTHODOX - EASTERN ORTHODOX--> |[[Eastern Christianity]] |[[Eastern Christianity|Orthodox]] |[[Eastern Orthodox]] |[[Eastern Orthodox Church]] |[[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox]] |[[Georgian Orthodox]] |[[Georgian Orthodox Church]] |[[Georgian Orthodox Church|Georgian Orthodox]] |[[Greek Orthodox]] |[[Greek Orthodox Church]] |[[Greek Orthodox Church|Greek Orthodox]] |[[Orthodox Church of Ukraine]] |[[Russian Orthodox]] |[[Russian Orthodox Church]] |[[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]] |[[Serbian Orthodox]] |[[Serbian Orthodox Church]] |[[Serbian Orthodox Church|Serbian Orthodox]] |[[Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)]] = FFCF00 <!--ORTHODOX - ORIENTAL ORTHODOX--> |[[Armenian Apostolic]] |[[Armenian Apostolic Church]] |[[Armenian Apostolic Church|Armenian Apostolic]] |[[Oriental Orthodox]] |[[Oriental Orthodox Church]] |[[Oriental Orthodox Church|Oriental Orthodox]] |[[Syriac Orthodox]] |[[Syriac Orthodox Church|Syriac Orthodox]] = CCB2FF <!--ORTHODOX - ORIENTAL ORTHODOX - COPTIC ORTHODOX--> |[[Coptic]] |[[Coptic Orthodox Church]] |[[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]] |[[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Coptic Orthodox Church]] = 007BFF <!--PENTECOSTAL--> |[[Assemblies of God]] |[[Australian Christian Churches]] |[[Church of God in Christ]] |[[Elim Pentecostal Church]] |[[Pentecostal]] |[[Pentecostalism]] |[[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]] = C80815 <!--PRE-REFORMATION--> |Pre-Reformation church |[[Protestant Reformation|Pre-Reformation church]] = CA95E4 <!--PRESBYTERIAN/REFORMED--> |[[Bible Presbyterian Church]] |[[Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)]] |[[Church of Scotland]] |[[Conservative Congregational Christian Conference]] |[[ECO (denomination)|ECO: A Covenant Order of Evangelical Presbyterians]] |[[Evangelical Presbyterian Church (United States)]] |[[Presbyterian]] |[[Presbyterian Church in America]] |[[Presbyterian Church in America|Presbyterian]] |[[Presbyterian Church in Canada]] |[[Presbyterian Church in Canada|Presbyterian]] |[[Presbyterian Church (USA)]] |[[Presbyterian Church (USA)|Presbyterian]] |[[Presbyterianism]] |[[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] |[[Reformed Christianity|Reformed]] |[[Reformed Church in America]] |[[Reformed Church in the United States]] |[[United Church of Christ]] |[[United Protestant Church of France]]= 0065BD <!--QUAKER (RELIGIOUS SOCIETY OF FRIENDS)--> |[[Quaker]] |[[Religious Society of Friends]] |[[Religious Society of Friends|Quaker]] = EEDC82 <!--SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH--> |[[Adventist Church]] |[[Seventh-day Adventist Church]] |[[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventist]] = 5A864B |#default = CCCC99 }}</includeonly><noinclude><!--NOTE: Place categories in [[Template:Infobox church/denomination/doc]]; interwikis go to Wikidata, thank you!-->{{Documentation}}</noinclude> n04wpl09iw9gh3qua618urmxizzuqh1 10 28154 366765 2026-07-25T18:39:25Z en>Hike395 0 have Anglican options for this switch statement match those in [[Template:Infobox church/denomination]] 366765 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch:{{{denom|}}} <!--CHARISMATIC MOVEMENT--> |[[Charismatic movement]] |[[Charismatic movement|Charismatic]] <!--CHURCH OF ENGLAND (ANGLICANISM)--> |[[Anglican]] |[[Anglican Church of Australia]] |[[Anglican Church of Canada]] |[[Anglican Church in North America]] |[[Anglicanism]] |[[Anglicanism|Anglican]] |[[Church in Wales]] |[[Church of Ireland]] |[[Church of England]] |[[Episcopal Church in the United States of America]] |[[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|ECUSA]] |[[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal]] |[[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]] |[[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal]] |[[Scottish Episcopal Church]] |[[Scottish Episcopal Church|Scottish Episcopal]] <!--ORTHODOX - ORIENTAL ORTHODOX - COPTIC ORTHODOX--> |[[Coptic]] |[[Coptic Orthodox Church]] |[[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]] |[[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Coptic Orthodox Church]] <!--LUTHERANISM--> |[[Church of Denmark]] |[[Church of Iceland]] |[[Church of Norway]] |[[Church of Sweden]] |[[Church of the Faroe Islands]] |[[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]] |[[Evangelical Lutheran Church in Lithuania]] |[[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ingria]] |[[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland]] |[[Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland|Lutheran]] |[[Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod]] |[[Lutheran]] |[[Lutheranism]] |[[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] <!--METHODISM--> |[[African Methodist Episcopal]] |[[African Methodist Episcopal Church]] |[[Methodism]] |[[Methodism|Methodist]] |[[Methodist]] |[[Methodist Church of Great Britain]] |[[Primitive Methodism]] |[[Primitive Methodist]] |[[Primitive Methodism|Primitive Methodist]] |[[Primitive Methodist Church]] |[[Primitive Methodist Church|Primitive Methodist]] |[[United Methodist Church]] |[[Wesleyan Church]] |[[Wesleyan Church|Wesleyan Methodist]] <!--PENTECOSTAL--> |[[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]] |[[Assemblies of God]] |[[Australian Christian Churches]] |[[Church of God in Christ]] |[[Elim Pentecostal Church]] |[[Pentecostal]] |[[Pentecostalism]] <!--PRESBYTERIAN and REFORMED--> |[[Bible Presbyterian Church]] |[[Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)]] |[[Church of Scotland]] |[[Conservative Congregational Christian Conference]] |[[ECO (denomination)|ECO: A Covenant Order of Evangelical Presbyterians]] |[[Evangelical Presbyterian Church (United States)]] |[[Presbyterian]] |[[Presbyterian Church in America]] |[[Presbyterian Church in America|Presbyterian]] |[[Presbyterian Church in Canada]] |[[Presbyterian Church in Canada|Presbyterian]] |[[Presbyterian Church (USA)]] |[[Presbyterian Church (USA)|Presbyterian]] |[[Presbyterianism]] |[[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] |[[Reformed Christianity|Reformed]] |[[Reformed Church in America]] |[[Reformed Church in the United States]] |[[United Church of Christ]] |[[United Protestant Church of France]] <!--SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH--> |[[Adventist Church]] |[[Seventh-day Adventist Church]] |[[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventist]] = white |#default = black }}</includeonly><noinclude><!--NOTE: Place categories and interwikis in [[Template:Infobox church/font color/doc]].-->{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 9325hmh4iid82cqu3tmczhupf0b3l0y 366766 366765 2026-08-23T16:34:43Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:Infobox_church/font_color]] 366765 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch:{{{denom|}}} <!--CHARISMATIC MOVEMENT--> |[[Charismatic movement]] |[[Charismatic movement|Charismatic]] <!--CHURCH OF ENGLAND (ANGLICANISM)--> |[[Anglican]] |[[Anglican Church of Australia]] |[[Anglican Church of Canada]] |[[Anglican Church in North America]] |[[Anglicanism]] |[[Anglicanism|Anglican]] |[[Church in Wales]] |[[Church of Ireland]] |[[Church of England]] |[[Episcopal Church in the United States of America]] |[[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|ECUSA]] |[[Episcopal Church in the United States of America|Episcopal]] |[[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal Church]] |[[Episcopal Church (United States)|Episcopal]] |[[Scottish Episcopal Church]] |[[Scottish Episcopal Church|Scottish Episcopal]] <!--ORTHODOX - ORIENTAL ORTHODOX - COPTIC ORTHODOX--> |[[Coptic]] |[[Coptic Orthodox Church]] |[[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]] |[[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Coptic Orthodox Church]] <!--LUTHERANISM--> |[[Church of Denmark]] |[[Church of Iceland]] |[[Church of Norway]] |[[Church of Sweden]] |[[Church of the Faroe Islands]] |[[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]] |[[Evangelical Lutheran Church in Lithuania]] |[[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ingria]] |[[Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland]] |[[Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland|Lutheran]] |[[Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod]] |[[Lutheran]] |[[Lutheranism]] |[[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] <!--METHODISM--> |[[African Methodist Episcopal]] |[[African Methodist Episcopal Church]] |[[Methodism]] |[[Methodism|Methodist]] |[[Methodist]] |[[Methodist Church of Great Britain]] |[[Primitive Methodism]] |[[Primitive Methodist]] |[[Primitive Methodism|Primitive Methodist]] |[[Primitive Methodist Church]] |[[Primitive Methodist Church|Primitive Methodist]] |[[United Methodist Church]] |[[Wesleyan Church]] |[[Wesleyan Church|Wesleyan Methodist]] <!--PENTECOSTAL--> |[[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]] |[[Assemblies of God]] |[[Australian Christian Churches]] |[[Church of God in Christ]] |[[Elim Pentecostal Church]] |[[Pentecostal]] |[[Pentecostalism]] <!--PRESBYTERIAN and REFORMED--> |[[Bible Presbyterian Church]] |[[Bible-Presbyterian churches (Singapore)]] |[[Church of Scotland]] |[[Conservative Congregational Christian Conference]] |[[ECO (denomination)|ECO: A Covenant Order of Evangelical Presbyterians]] |[[Evangelical Presbyterian Church (United States)]] |[[Presbyterian]] |[[Presbyterian Church in America]] |[[Presbyterian Church in America|Presbyterian]] |[[Presbyterian Church in Canada]] |[[Presbyterian Church in Canada|Presbyterian]] |[[Presbyterian Church (USA)]] |[[Presbyterian Church (USA)|Presbyterian]] |[[Presbyterianism]] |[[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]] |[[Reformed Christianity|Reformed]] |[[Reformed Church in America]] |[[Reformed Church in the United States]] |[[United Church of Christ]] |[[United Protestant Church of France]] <!--SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH--> |[[Adventist Church]] |[[Seventh-day Adventist Church]] |[[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-day Adventist]] = white |#default = black }}</includeonly><noinclude><!--NOTE: Place categories and interwikis in [[Template:Infobox church/font color/doc]].-->{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 9325hmh4iid82cqu3tmczhupf0b3l0y 10 28155 366769 2020-09-01T00:15:54Z en>Ahecht 0 Move entirely to lua 366769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Ordnance Survey coordinates| oscoord}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --></noinclude> m7ht9j1x2thgi1s40qjjcct6xz7k8s2 366770 366769 2026-08-23T16:34:43Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:Ordnance_Survey_coordinates]] 366769 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Ordnance Survey coordinates| oscoord}}<noinclude> {{documentation}}<!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --></noinclude> m7ht9j1x2thgi1s40qjjcct6xz7k8s2 10 28156 366771 2018-02-23T16:29:42Z en>Primefac 0 Changed protection level for "[[Template:Coords]]": [[WP:HIGHRISK|high-risk]] template with 4000+ transclusions ([Edit=Require template editor access] (indefinite) [Move=Require template editor access] (indefinite)) 366771 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Coord]] {{Rcat shell|{{R from modification}}}} 06839ly4it0wlt508fk18o88f8r9an4 366772 366771 2026-08-23T16:34:43Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:Coords]] 366771 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Coord]] {{Rcat shell|{{R from modification}}}} 06839ly4it0wlt508fk18o88f8r9an4 10 28157 366773 2025-11-24T05:09:11Z en>Hike395 0 avoid double redir 366773 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Link if exists]] <noinclude> {{R protected}} {{R from merge}} </noinclude> etokyt05q7ow43wq3uib548zrpvelg0 366774 366773 2026-08-23T16:34:44Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:Autolink]] 366773 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Link if exists]] <noinclude> {{R protected}} {{R from merge}} </noinclude> etokyt05q7ow43wq3uib548zrpvelg0 10 28158 366777 2026-07-28T13:15:24Z en>~2026-41829-16 0 Added musicians section 366777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{High-use}} {{Auto short description}} {{Lua|Module:Infobox|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Location map|Module:Coordinates|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} This infobox is for providing general information about a [[Church (building)|Christian church building]], including its history, architecture and staff. To provide information solely about the [[Church architecture|architectural details]] of a [[Church (building)|church building]], use {{tlx|Infobox religious building}}. Churches vary from small chapels to large cathedrals; from corrugated iron sheds to architectural masterpieces of international importance. This template has to be adaptable to the worship locations of all religious denominations and as a consequence, it has many parameters. '''It is therefore important that editors exercise discretion in selecting an appropriate number of parameters'''. If the infobox for a particular church becomes excessive, [[WP:BOLD]] applies and less significant parameters should be removed. ==Usage== The full template for this infobox is set out below. Apart from the parameters indicated as mandatory and other instructions in the "Parameters" table below, all parameters are optional and may be left out to simplify the template. An example of the infobox in use is shown at the bottom of this page. {{Parameter names example | name | full_name | other_name | native_name | native_name_lang | image | image_size | alt | caption | pushpin_map = World | pushpin_label_position | pushpin_map_alt | pushpin_mapsize | relief | map_caption | coordinates = {{coords|1|N|1|W}} | osgraw | location | country | denomination | previous_denomination | sui_iuris_church | tradition | churchmanship | address | website | former_name | status | founded | founder | dedication | dedicated | consecrated | events | functional_status | heritage_designation | designated | architect | architectural_type | style | years_built | groundbreaking | completed | construction_cost | closed | demolished | capacity | length | width | height | materials | parish | benefice | deanery | archdeaconry | archdiocese | metropolis | diocese | province | district | division | archbishop | bishop | abbot | rector | vicar | dean | succentor | priest | pastor }} === Blank template with most common parameters === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{Infobox church | name = | full_name = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|latitude|longitude|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} --> | country = [mandatory] | denomination = [mandatory] | address = | website = <!-- {{URL| example.com}} --> | status = | founded = <!-- {{start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} - but see note below --> | founder = | dedication = | dedicated = | consecrated = | architect = | architectural_type = | style = | years_built = | groundbreaking = | completed = | construction_cost = | closed = | demolished = | capacity = | length = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | width = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | height = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | materials = | parish = | archdiocese = | diocese = | priest = | pastor = }} </syntaxhighlight> === Blank template with all parameters === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{Infobox church | name = | full_name = | other_name = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_mapsize = | relief = | map_caption = | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|latitude|longitude|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} --> | osgraw = <!-- TEXT --> | location = | country = [mandatory] | denomination = [mandatory] | previous_denomination = | sui_iuris_church = | tradition = | churchmanship = | address = | website = <!-- {{URL| example.com}} --> | former_name = | status = | founded = <!-- {{start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} - but see note below --> | founder = | dedication = | dedicated = | consecrated = | events = | functional_status = | heritage_designation = | designated = | architect = | architectural_type = | style = | years_built = | groundbreaking = | completed = | construction_cost = | closed = | demolished = | capacity = | length = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | width = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | height = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | materials = | parish = | benefice = | deanery = | archdeaconry = | archdiocese = | metropolis = | diocese = | province = <!-- ecclesiastical province, not civil province --> | district = | division = | archbishop = <!-- cathedrals only --> | bishop = <!-- cathedrals only --> | abbot = | rector = | vicar = | dean = | succentor = | priest = | pastor = | director_of_music = | organist = | embedded = }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} ==Parameters== ===Name and image=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter ! Description |- | {{code|name}} | The common name of the church. If this is omitted, the article name is used. |- | {{code|full_name}} | The full name of the church, if this is different from its common name. For instance, "<code>Westminster Abbey</code>" can be placed in the "name" parameter, and "<code>The Collegiate Church of St Peter, Westminster</code>" in the "full_name" parameter. |- | {{code|other_name}} | Significant nicknames; name in native language (using {{tl|lang}}. Separate multiple values using {{tl|Plainlist}}. |- | {{code|image}} | The name of an image file containing a photograph of the church. If the image is called "[[:File:WesleyMethodistChurch-sepiapostcard.jpg]]", just type "<code>WesleyMethodistChurch-sepiapostcard.jpg</code>". Do not include "<code>File:</code>" or enclose the file name in double square brackets ("<nowiki>[[ ]]</nowiki>"). |- | {{code|image_size}} | The width of the image in [[pixel]]s (px). For example, if you wish the image to be 150px wide, type "<code>150</code>". Do not add "<code>px</code>" after the number. If no number is stated, the width defaults to 220px. |- | {{code|alt}} | [[Wikipedia:Extended image syntax#Alt text and caption|Alt text]] for the image. For more information, see "[[Wikipedia:Alternative text for images]]". |- | {{code|caption}} | The caption for the image. |} ===Pushpin map, coordinates and location=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter ! Description |- | {{code|pushpin_map}} | The country name of a location map, ''e.g.'', "<code>Indonesia</code>", "<code>Russia</code>". See "[[:Category:Location map modules by country]]" for a list of countries for which location maps are currently available. For information on creating new maps, see "[[Template:Location map#Creating new maps]]". The coordinate fields below position a pushpin coordinate marker and label on the location map automatically. |- | {{code|pushpin_label_position}} | The position of the label on the pushpin map relative to the pushpin coordinate marker. Valid options are "<code>left</code>", "<code>right</code>", "<code>top</code>", "<code>bottom</code>" and "<code>none</code>". If this parameter is not used or no value is specified, the default value is "right". |- | {{code|pushpin_map_alt}} | [[alt attribute|Alt text]] for the pushpin map. |- | {{code|pushpin_mapsize}} | Must be entered only as a number – do not type "<code>px</code>" after it. The default value is 250. |- | {{code|map_caption}} | A caption for the pushpin map. |- | {{code|relief}} | Any non-empty value will load a relief version of the location map if available, (instead of the default, blank administrative location map). |- | {{code|coordinates}} | The [[latitude]] and [[longitude]] of the church. Use {{tl|Coord}} with appropriate parameters. |- | {{code|osgraw}} | (Short for "OS grid reference raw".) To provide the geographic grid references of a church in Great Britain according to the [[British national grid reference system]], code simply as the grid ref, for example, "<code>TQ 414 104</code>". Spaces are allowed. |- | {{code|location}} | The city (and the province or state, if applicable) that the church is located in. |- | {{code|address}} | The church's street or postal address |- | {{code|country}} | The country in which the church is located. '''This must be stated'''. In accordance with "[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons#Avoid flag icons in infoboxes]]", do not insert an image of the flag of the country before the country name. In accordance with "[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking#What generally should not be linked]]", do not link the name of the country. |} ===Affiliation and website=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter ! Description |- | {{code|languages}} | list of languages |- | {{code|denomination}} | The [[Christian denomination|denomination]] of the church; for example, "<code><nowiki>[[Anglicanism|Anglican]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Interdenominationalism|Interdenominational]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Methodism|Methodist]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Non-denominational Christianity|Non-denominational]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]]</nowiki></code>". '''This must be stated'''. If possible, link the denomination to an appropriate article using double square brackets. The background colour of the template headings is specified for certain denominations; to view these colours, see "[[Template:Infobox church/denomination]]" and "[[Template:Infobox church/font color]]". Before changing the colours, or inserting new denominations and colours, please discuss the matter with other editors at "[[Template talk:Infobox church]]". |- | {{code|previous_denomination}} | Insert any previous denomination(s) here. |- | {{code|sui_iuris_church}} | For Catholic churches, insert the Catholic [[sui iuris]] church; for example, "<code><nowiki>[[Latin Church]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Syro-Malabar Church]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]]</nowiki></code>". |- | {{code|tradition}} | [[Christian tradition]] of the church. |- | {{code|churchmanship}} | The form of [[churchmanship]] of the church, for example, "<code><nowiki>[[High church]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Low church]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Evangelicalism|Evangelical]]</nowiki></code>". |- | {{code|website}} | The website address of the church, using {{Tl|URL}}, thus: "<code><nowiki>{{URL|example.com}}</nowiki></code>". |} ===History=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter ! Description |- | {{code|former_name}} | The former name(s) of the church, if any. |- | {{code|status}} | The church's current ecclesiastical status or, if presently unused, its last previous status, for example, "<code><nowiki>[[Basilica]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Cathedral]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Church (building)|Church]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Oratory]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Parish church]]</nowiki></code>". |- | {{code|founded}} | The date when the church was founded. For [[Gregorian calendar|Gregorian]] dates (that is, after about 1750), use the template {{tl|start date}}. Add the parameter "df=yes" if full dates in the article are set out with the day before the month, as follows: "<code><nowiki>{{start date|1885|2|6|df=yes}}</nowiki></code>". |- | {{code|founder}} | The name(s) of the founder(s) of the church. |- | {{code|dedication}} | The name of the [[saint]] to which the church is dedicated, for example, "<code><nowiki>[[Mary Magdalene]]</nowiki></code>". |- | {{code|dedicated}} | rowspan=2 | The date when the church was dedicated and/or [[consecration|consecrated]]. The starting and ending years or dates of a time period should be separated by an [[dash#En dash|en dash]], like this: "<code>1907&ndash;1908</code>"; "<code>January 12, 1906 &ndash; July 31, 1907</code>". To insert an en dash, either type "&#38;ndash&#59;" or click on the appropriate symbol in the character insertion table under the edit window. |- | {{code|consecrated}} |- | {{code|events}} | Significant historical events in the life of the church, for example, accidental or deliberate burnings, attacks, and major building extensions. |} ===Architecture=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter ! Description |- | {{code|functional_status}} | The current function of the church, for example, "<code>Abandoned</code>", "<code>Active</code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Museum]]</nowiki></code>", "<code>Preserved</code>". |- | {{code|heritage_designation}} | Any heritage designation that has been given to the church. |- | {{code|designated}} | The date when the church was given its heritage designation. |- | {{code|architect}} | The name(s) of the [[architect|architect(s)]] of the church. |- | {{code|architectural_type}} | A description of the original function of the building, for example, "<code><nowiki>[[Basilica]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Cathedral]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Chapel]]</nowiki></code>". |- | {{code|style}} | The [[sacred architecture|architectural style]] of the church. If possible, link the style to an appropriate article using double square brackets, for example, "<code><nowiki>[[Baroque architecture|Baroque]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Gothic architecture|Gothic]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Medieval architecture|Medieval]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Modern architecture|Modern]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]]</nowiki></code>". |- | {{code|years_built}} | The year(s) in which the church was built. |- | {{code|groundbreaking}} | The date when the [[groundbreaking]] ceremony of the church was held, or the date that construction of the building began. |- | {{code|completed}} | The date when construction of the building was completed. |- | {{code|construction_cost}} | The total cost of construction. |- | {{code|closed}} | rowspan=2 | The dates when the church was closed and/or demolished. |- | {{code|demolished}} |} ===Specifications=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter ! Description |- | {{code|capacity}} | The number of people that the church can accommodate at any one time. |- | {{code|length}} | rowspan=3 | The overall length, width and/or height of the church. If the building is on United States territory, put measurements in [[Imperial unit]]s (feet and inches) first, then in metres in parentheses. If the building is on territory that uses the [[metric system]] of measurement, place measurements in metres first, then in feet and inches in parentheses. (See "[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers)#Which units to use]]" for more information.) This can be done using the {{tl|convert}} template, like this: "<code><nowiki>{{convert|404|ft|m|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>{{convert|120|m|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code>". |- | {{code|width}} |- | {{code|height}} |- | {{code|materials}} | The principal [[building material]]s used to construct the church. |} ===Administration=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter ! Description |- | {{code|parish}} | rowspan=9 | The [[parish]], [[benefice]], [[deanery]], [[archdeaconry]], [[diocese|archdiocese]], [[metropolis (religious jurisdiction)|metropolis]], [[diocese]], [[ecclesiastical province|province]], district that the church is located in, if any. |- | {{code|benefice}} |- | {{code|deanery}} |- | {{code|archdeaconry}} |- | {{code|archdiocese}} |- | {{code|metropolitan}} |- | {{code|diocese}} |- | {{code|province}} |- | {{code|district}} |- | {{code|division}} | If a system other than that indicated above is used for the church, these fields can be used to indicate the geographical division and subdivision that the church is located in, for example, "{{elc|North Carolina Annual Conference}}", "{{elc|Tennessee Baptist Convention}}". |} ===Clergy=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter ! Description |- | {{code|archbishop}} | rowspan=31 | The name(s) of the [[archbishop]], [[bishop|bishop(s)]], [[abbot|abbot(s)]], [[vicar|vicar(s)]], [[Rector (ecclesiastical)#Ecclesiastical rectors|rector(s)]], [[dean (religion)|dean(s)]], [[succentor|succentor(s)]], [[priest#In Christianity|priest(s)]] and [[pastor|pastor(s)]] if applicable. Separate several names with commas (","), or put each name on a separate line by typing "{{tag|br|s}}" between the names, thus: "{{tlcode|Rev. [[James Mills Thoburn]],<br />Rev. [[William Fitzjames Oldham]]}}". |- | {{code|bishop}} |- | {{code|abbot}} |- | {{code|vicar}} |- | {{code|rector}} |- | {{code|dean}} |- | {{code|succentor}} |- | {{code|priest}} |- | {{code|pastor}} |} ===Musicians=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter ! Description |- | {{code|director of music}} | rowspan=31 | The name(s) of the [[director of music]], [[organist]], if applicable. Separate several names with commas (","), or put each name on a separate line by typing "{{tag|br|s}}" between the names, thus: "{{tlcode| [[JS Bach]],<br /> [[Henry Purcell]]}}". |- | {{code|organist}} |- |} ===Bottom of infobox=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter ! Description |- | {{code|module}} | Embed another infobox with such capability like {{tl|designation list}} and {{tl|infobox NRHP}} |} ===Mapframe parameters=== {{Infobox mapframe/doc/parameters |onByDefault = yes, if {{para|pushpin map}} is not found. |mapframe-type=landmark |mapframe-marker=religious-christian |mapframe-width=250 |mapframe-frame-width=250 |mapframe-wikidata=yes |mapframe-marker-color = #919090 |mapframe-stroke-color = #525252 |mapframe-stroke-width = 3 |mapframe-shape-fill = #dbdbdb }} ==Example== {{Infobox church | name = | native_name = name in local language. If more than one, separate using {{tl|Plain list}} | native_name_lang = | image = WesleyMethodistChurch-sepiapostcard.jpg | caption = Wesley Methodist Church, from an old [[Photographic print toning#Sepia toning|sepia-toned]] postcard. | osgraw = TQ 414 104<!-- NB. duplicated for this example only !! --> | country = [[Singapore]] | website = {{URL|www.wesleymc.org}} | former_name = Methodist Episcopal Church | founded = {{Start date|1885|2|6|df=yes}} | founder = Rev. [[James Mills Thoburn]], Rev. [[William Fitzjames Oldham]], Marie Oldham, Julia Battie | dedicated = {{Start date|1909|02|04|df=y}} | denomination = [[Methodism|Methodist]] | status = [[Church (building)|Church]] | functional_status = Active | style = [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] | groundbreaking = December 1907 | completed = End 1908 | materials = [[Brick]] | division = Trinity Annual Conference (TRAC) | pastor = Rev. Alvin Chan, Rev. Lilian Ang, Rev. Philip Lim, Rev. Daniel Tan, Rev. Michael Tan, Rev. Wendy Watson, Rev. Khoo Kay Huat }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow: auto;"> {{Infobox church | name = Wesley Methodist Church | native_name = name in local language. If more than one, separate using {{tl|Plain list}} | native_name_lang = | image = WesleyMethodistChurch-sepiapostcard.jpg | caption = Wesley Methodist Church, from an old [[Photographic print toning#Sepia toning|sepia-toned]] postcard. | osgraw = TQ 414 104<!-- NB. duplicated for this example only!! --> | country = [[Singapore]] | website = {{URL|www.wesleymc.org}} | former_name = Methodist Episcopal Church | founded = {{Start date|1885|2|6|df=yes}} | founder = Rev. Dr. and Mrs. [[James Mills Thoburn]], Rev. [[William Fitzjames Oldham]], Mrs. Marie Oldham, Miss Julia Battie | dedicated = {{Start date|1909|02|04|df=y}} | denomination = [[Methodism|Methodist]] | status = [[Church (building)|Church]] | functional_status = Active | style = [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] | groundbreaking = December 1907 | completed = End 1908 | materials = [[Brick]] | division = Trinity Annual Conference (TRAC) | pastor = Rev. Alvin Chan, Rev. Lilian Ang, Rev. Philip Lim, Rev. Daniel Tan, Rev. Michael Tan, Rev. Wendy Watson, Rev. Khoo Kay Huat }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} ==Microformat== {{UF-hcard-geo}} == TemplateData == {{collapse top|[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]] documentation used by [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools}} {{TemplateData header|noheader=1}} <templatedata> { "format": "{{_\n| ________________ = _\n}}\n", "params": { "denomination": {}, "name": {}, "full_name": {}, "native_name": {}, "native_name_lang": {}, "image": { "type": "wiki-file-name" }, "image_size": {}, "alt": {}, "caption": {}, "relief": {}, "coordinates": {}, "country": {}, "osgraw": {}, "location": {}, "address": {}, "tradition": {}, "churchmanship": {}, "website": {}, "founder": {}, "dedication": {}, "dedicated date": {}, "events": {}, "status": {}, "architect": {}, "style": {}, "groundbreaking": {}, "capacity": {}, "length": {}, "width": {}, "height": {}, "materials": {}, "parish": {}, "benefice": {}, "deanery": {}, "archdeaconry": {}, "archdiocese": {}, "metropolis": {}, "diocese": {}, "province": {}, "district": {}, "division": {}, "archbishop": {}, "bishop": {}, "abbot": {}, "vicar": {}, "rector": {}, "dean": {}, "succentor": {}, "priest": {}, "pastor": {}, "embedded": {}, "mapframe-zoom": {}, "other_name": {}, "pushpin_map": {}, "pushpin_label_position": {}, "pushpin_map_alt": {}, "pushpin_mapsize": {}, "map_caption": {}, "languages": {}, "previous_denomination": {}, "sui_iuris_church": {}, "religious_order": {}, "religious_institute": {}, "former_names": {}, "founded": {}, "early_dedication": {}, "other_dedication": {}, "consecrated": {}, "functional_status": {}, "heritage_designation": {}, "designated": {}, "previous_cathedrals": {}, "architectural_type": {}, "years_built": {}, "completed": {}, "construction_cost": {}, "closed": {}, "demolished": {} }, "paramOrder": [ "name", "full_name", "other_name", "native_name", "native_name_lang", "image", "image_size", "alt", "caption", "pushpin_map", "pushpin_label_position", "pushpin_map_alt", "relief", "pushpin_mapsize", "map_caption", "coordinates", "country", "osgraw", "location", "address", "denomination", "previous_denomination", "sui_iuris_church", "tradition", "churchmanship", "website", "former_names", "founded", "founder", "dedication", "dedicated date", "early_dedication", "other_dedication", "consecrated", "events", "status", "functional_status", "heritage_designation", "designated", "architect", "architectural_type", "style", "years_built", "groundbreaking", "completed", "construction_cost", "closed", "demolished", "capacity", "length", "width", "height", "materials", "parish", "benefice", "deanery", "archdeaconry", "archdiocese", "metropolis", "diocese", "province", "district", "division", "archbishop", "bishop", "abbot", "vicar", "rector", "dean", "succentor", "priest", "pastor", "embedded", "mapframe-zoom", "languages", "religious_order", "religious_institute", "previous_cathedrals" ] } </templatedata> {{collapse bottom}} == Tracking category == {{Infobox tracking categories }} == See also == * {{tl|Infobox religion}} * {{tl|Infobox religious building}} for the [[Church architecture|architectural details]] of a [[Church (building)|church building]] {{Organization infoboxes}} {{Buildings and structures infobox templates}} <includeonly>{{basepage subpage |<!--Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata--> [[Category:Buildings and structures infobox templates|Church]] [[Category:Christian infobox templates|Church]] [[Category:Templates with coordinates fields]] [[Category:Infobox templates with module parameter]] [[Category:Embeddable templates]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> 4yza2cba5p8989id3y9eiinl1dgm9d4 366778 366777 2026-08-23T16:34:45Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:Infobox_church/doc]] 366777 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Please place categories where indicated at the bottom of this page and interwikis at Wikidata (see [[Wikipedia:Wikidata]]) --> {{High-use}} {{Auto short description}} {{Lua|Module:Infobox|Module:InfoboxImage|Module:Location map|Module:Coordinates|Module:Check for unknown parameters}} This infobox is for providing general information about a [[Church (building)|Christian church building]], including its history, architecture and staff. To provide information solely about the [[Church architecture|architectural details]] of a [[Church (building)|church building]], use {{tlx|Infobox religious building}}. Churches vary from small chapels to large cathedrals; from corrugated iron sheds to architectural masterpieces of international importance. This template has to be adaptable to the worship locations of all religious denominations and as a consequence, it has many parameters. '''It is therefore important that editors exercise discretion in selecting an appropriate number of parameters'''. If the infobox for a particular church becomes excessive, [[WP:BOLD]] applies and less significant parameters should be removed. ==Usage== The full template for this infobox is set out below. Apart from the parameters indicated as mandatory and other instructions in the "Parameters" table below, all parameters are optional and may be left out to simplify the template. An example of the infobox in use is shown at the bottom of this page. {{Parameter names example | name | full_name | other_name | native_name | native_name_lang | image | image_size | alt | caption | pushpin_map = World | pushpin_label_position | pushpin_map_alt | pushpin_mapsize | relief | map_caption | coordinates = {{coords|1|N|1|W}} | osgraw | location | country | denomination | previous_denomination | sui_iuris_church | tradition | churchmanship | address | website | former_name | status | founded | founder | dedication | dedicated | consecrated | events | functional_status | heritage_designation | designated | architect | architectural_type | style | years_built | groundbreaking | completed | construction_cost | closed | demolished | capacity | length | width | height | materials | parish | benefice | deanery | archdeaconry | archdiocese | metropolis | diocese | province | district | division | archbishop | bishop | abbot | rector | vicar | dean | succentor | priest | pastor }} === Blank template with most common parameters === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{Infobox church | name = | full_name = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|latitude|longitude|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} --> | country = [mandatory] | denomination = [mandatory] | address = | website = <!-- {{URL| example.com}} --> | status = | founded = <!-- {{start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} - but see note below --> | founder = | dedication = | dedicated = | consecrated = | architect = | architectural_type = | style = | years_built = | groundbreaking = | completed = | construction_cost = | closed = | demolished = | capacity = | length = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | width = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | height = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | materials = | parish = | archdiocese = | diocese = | priest = | pastor = }} </syntaxhighlight> === Blank template with all parameters === <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{Infobox church | name = | full_name = | other_name = | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_mapsize = | relief = | map_caption = | coordinates = <!-- {{coord|latitude|longitude|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} --> | osgraw = <!-- TEXT --> | location = | country = [mandatory] | denomination = [mandatory] | previous_denomination = | sui_iuris_church = | tradition = | churchmanship = | address = | website = <!-- {{URL| example.com}} --> | former_name = | status = | founded = <!-- {{start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} - but see note below --> | founder = | dedication = | dedicated = | consecrated = | events = | functional_status = | heritage_designation = | designated = | architect = | architectural_type = | style = | years_built = | groundbreaking = | completed = | construction_cost = | closed = | demolished = | capacity = | length = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | width = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | height = <!-- {{convert| }} --> | materials = | parish = | benefice = | deanery = | archdeaconry = | archdiocese = | metropolis = | diocese = | province = <!-- ecclesiastical province, not civil province --> | district = | division = | archbishop = <!-- cathedrals only --> | bishop = <!-- cathedrals only --> | abbot = | rector = | vicar = | dean = | succentor = | priest = | pastor = | director_of_music = | organist = | embedded = }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} ==Parameters== ===Name and image=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter ! Description |- | {{code|name}} | The common name of the church. If this is omitted, the article name is used. |- | {{code|full_name}} | The full name of the church, if this is different from its common name. For instance, "<code>Westminster Abbey</code>" can be placed in the "name" parameter, and "<code>The Collegiate Church of St Peter, Westminster</code>" in the "full_name" parameter. |- | {{code|other_name}} | Significant nicknames; name in native language (using {{tl|lang}}. Separate multiple values using {{tl|Plainlist}}. |- | {{code|image}} | The name of an image file containing a photograph of the church. If the image is called "[[:File:WesleyMethodistChurch-sepiapostcard.jpg]]", just type "<code>WesleyMethodistChurch-sepiapostcard.jpg</code>". Do not include "<code>File:</code>" or enclose the file name in double square brackets ("<nowiki>[[ ]]</nowiki>"). |- | {{code|image_size}} | The width of the image in [[pixel]]s (px). For example, if you wish the image to be 150px wide, type "<code>150</code>". Do not add "<code>px</code>" after the number. If no number is stated, the width defaults to 220px. |- | {{code|alt}} | [[Wikipedia:Extended image syntax#Alt text and caption|Alt text]] for the image. For more information, see "[[Wikipedia:Alternative text for images]]". |- | {{code|caption}} | The caption for the image. |} ===Pushpin map, coordinates and location=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter ! Description |- | {{code|pushpin_map}} | The country name of a location map, ''e.g.'', "<code>Indonesia</code>", "<code>Russia</code>". See "[[:Category:Location map modules by country]]" for a list of countries for which location maps are currently available. For information on creating new maps, see "[[Template:Location map#Creating new maps]]". The coordinate fields below position a pushpin coordinate marker and label on the location map automatically. |- | {{code|pushpin_label_position}} | The position of the label on the pushpin map relative to the pushpin coordinate marker. Valid options are "<code>left</code>", "<code>right</code>", "<code>top</code>", "<code>bottom</code>" and "<code>none</code>". If this parameter is not used or no value is specified, the default value is "right". |- | {{code|pushpin_map_alt}} | [[alt attribute|Alt text]] for the pushpin map. |- | {{code|pushpin_mapsize}} | Must be entered only as a number – do not type "<code>px</code>" after it. The default value is 250. |- | {{code|map_caption}} | A caption for the pushpin map. |- | {{code|relief}} | Any non-empty value will load a relief version of the location map if available, (instead of the default, blank administrative location map). |- | {{code|coordinates}} | The [[latitude]] and [[longitude]] of the church. Use {{tl|Coord}} with appropriate parameters. |- | {{code|osgraw}} | (Short for "OS grid reference raw".) To provide the geographic grid references of a church in Great Britain according to the [[British national grid reference system]], code simply as the grid ref, for example, "<code>TQ 414 104</code>". Spaces are allowed. |- | {{code|location}} | The city (and the province or state, if applicable) that the church is located in. |- | {{code|address}} | The church's street or postal address |- | {{code|country}} | The country in which the church is located. '''This must be stated'''. In accordance with "[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons#Avoid flag icons in infoboxes]]", do not insert an image of the flag of the country before the country name. In accordance with "[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking#What generally should not be linked]]", do not link the name of the country. |} ===Affiliation and website=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter ! Description |- | {{code|languages}} | list of languages |- | {{code|denomination}} | The [[Christian denomination|denomination]] of the church; for example, "<code><nowiki>[[Anglicanism|Anglican]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Interdenominationalism|Interdenominational]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Methodism|Methodist]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Non-denominational Christianity|Non-denominational]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Presbyterianism|Presbyterian]]</nowiki></code>". '''This must be stated'''. If possible, link the denomination to an appropriate article using double square brackets. The background colour of the template headings is specified for certain denominations; to view these colours, see "[[Template:Infobox church/denomination]]" and "[[Template:Infobox church/font color]]". Before changing the colours, or inserting new denominations and colours, please discuss the matter with other editors at "[[Template talk:Infobox church]]". |- | {{code|previous_denomination}} | Insert any previous denomination(s) here. |- | {{code|sui_iuris_church}} | For Catholic churches, insert the Catholic [[sui iuris]] church; for example, "<code><nowiki>[[Latin Church]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Syro-Malabar Church]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church]]</nowiki></code>". |- | {{code|tradition}} | [[Christian tradition]] of the church. |- | {{code|churchmanship}} | The form of [[churchmanship]] of the church, for example, "<code><nowiki>[[High church]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Low church]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Evangelicalism|Evangelical]]</nowiki></code>". |- | {{code|website}} | The website address of the church, using {{Tl|URL}}, thus: "<code><nowiki>{{URL|example.com}}</nowiki></code>". |} ===History=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter ! Description |- | {{code|former_name}} | The former name(s) of the church, if any. |- | {{code|status}} | The church's current ecclesiastical status or, if presently unused, its last previous status, for example, "<code><nowiki>[[Basilica]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Cathedral]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Church (building)|Church]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Oratory]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Parish church]]</nowiki></code>". |- | {{code|founded}} | The date when the church was founded. For [[Gregorian calendar|Gregorian]] dates (that is, after about 1750), use the template {{tl|start date}}. Add the parameter "df=yes" if full dates in the article are set out with the day before the month, as follows: "<code><nowiki>{{start date|1885|2|6|df=yes}}</nowiki></code>". |- | {{code|founder}} | The name(s) of the founder(s) of the church. |- | {{code|dedication}} | The name of the [[saint]] to which the church is dedicated, for example, "<code><nowiki>[[Mary Magdalene]]</nowiki></code>". |- | {{code|dedicated}} | rowspan=2 | The date when the church was dedicated and/or [[consecration|consecrated]]. The starting and ending years or dates of a time period should be separated by an [[dash#En dash|en dash]], like this: "<code>1907&ndash;1908</code>"; "<code>January 12, 1906 &ndash; July 31, 1907</code>". To insert an en dash, either type "&#38;ndash&#59;" or click on the appropriate symbol in the character insertion table under the edit window. |- | {{code|consecrated}} |- | {{code|events}} | Significant historical events in the life of the church, for example, accidental or deliberate burnings, attacks, and major building extensions. |} ===Architecture=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter ! Description |- | {{code|functional_status}} | The current function of the church, for example, "<code>Abandoned</code>", "<code>Active</code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Museum]]</nowiki></code>", "<code>Preserved</code>". |- | {{code|heritage_designation}} | Any heritage designation that has been given to the church. |- | {{code|designated}} | The date when the church was given its heritage designation. |- | {{code|architect}} | The name(s) of the [[architect|architect(s)]] of the church. |- | {{code|architectural_type}} | A description of the original function of the building, for example, "<code><nowiki>[[Basilica]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Cathedral]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Chapel]]</nowiki></code>". |- | {{code|style}} | The [[sacred architecture|architectural style]] of the church. If possible, link the style to an appropriate article using double square brackets, for example, "<code><nowiki>[[Baroque architecture|Baroque]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Gothic architecture|Gothic]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic Revival]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Medieval architecture|Medieval]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Modern architecture|Modern]]</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>[[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]]</nowiki></code>". |- | {{code|years_built}} | The year(s) in which the church was built. |- | {{code|groundbreaking}} | The date when the [[groundbreaking]] ceremony of the church was held, or the date that construction of the building began. |- | {{code|completed}} | The date when construction of the building was completed. |- | {{code|construction_cost}} | The total cost of construction. |- | {{code|closed}} | rowspan=2 | The dates when the church was closed and/or demolished. |- | {{code|demolished}} |} ===Specifications=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter ! Description |- | {{code|capacity}} | The number of people that the church can accommodate at any one time. |- | {{code|length}} | rowspan=3 | The overall length, width and/or height of the church. If the building is on United States territory, put measurements in [[Imperial unit]]s (feet and inches) first, then in metres in parentheses. If the building is on territory that uses the [[metric system]] of measurement, place measurements in metres first, then in feet and inches in parentheses. (See "[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers)#Which units to use]]" for more information.) This can be done using the {{tl|convert}} template, like this: "<code><nowiki>{{convert|404|ft|m|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code>", "<code><nowiki>{{convert|120|m|ftin|abbr=on}}</nowiki></code>". |- | {{code|width}} |- | {{code|height}} |- | {{code|materials}} | The principal [[building material]]s used to construct the church. |} ===Administration=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter ! Description |- | {{code|parish}} | rowspan=9 | The [[parish]], [[benefice]], [[deanery]], [[archdeaconry]], [[diocese|archdiocese]], [[metropolis (religious jurisdiction)|metropolis]], [[diocese]], [[ecclesiastical province|province]], district that the church is located in, if any. |- | {{code|benefice}} |- | {{code|deanery}} |- | {{code|archdeaconry}} |- | {{code|archdiocese}} |- | {{code|metropolitan}} |- | {{code|diocese}} |- | {{code|province}} |- | {{code|district}} |- | {{code|division}} | If a system other than that indicated above is used for the church, these fields can be used to indicate the geographical division and subdivision that the church is located in, for example, "{{elc|North Carolina Annual Conference}}", "{{elc|Tennessee Baptist Convention}}". |} ===Clergy=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter ! Description |- | {{code|archbishop}} | rowspan=31 | The name(s) of the [[archbishop]], [[bishop|bishop(s)]], [[abbot|abbot(s)]], [[vicar|vicar(s)]], [[Rector (ecclesiastical)#Ecclesiastical rectors|rector(s)]], [[dean (religion)|dean(s)]], [[succentor|succentor(s)]], [[priest#In Christianity|priest(s)]] and [[pastor|pastor(s)]] if applicable. Separate several names with commas (","), or put each name on a separate line by typing "{{tag|br|s}}" between the names, thus: "{{tlcode|Rev. [[James Mills Thoburn]],<br />Rev. [[William Fitzjames Oldham]]}}". |- | {{code|bishop}} |- | {{code|abbot}} |- | {{code|vicar}} |- | {{code|rector}} |- | {{code|dean}} |- | {{code|succentor}} |- | {{code|priest}} |- | {{code|pastor}} |} ===Musicians=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter ! Description |- | {{code|director of music}} | rowspan=31 | The name(s) of the [[director of music]], [[organist]], if applicable. Separate several names with commas (","), or put each name on a separate line by typing "{{tag|br|s}}" between the names, thus: "{{tlcode| [[JS Bach]],<br /> [[Henry Purcell]]}}". |- | {{code|organist}} |- |} ===Bottom of infobox=== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Parameter ! Description |- | {{code|module}} | Embed another infobox with such capability like {{tl|designation list}} and {{tl|infobox NRHP}} |} ===Mapframe parameters=== {{Infobox mapframe/doc/parameters |onByDefault = yes, if {{para|pushpin map}} is not found. |mapframe-type=landmark |mapframe-marker=religious-christian |mapframe-width=250 |mapframe-frame-width=250 |mapframe-wikidata=yes |mapframe-marker-color = #919090 |mapframe-stroke-color = #525252 |mapframe-stroke-width = 3 |mapframe-shape-fill = #dbdbdb }} ==Example== {{Infobox church | name = | native_name = name in local language. If more than one, separate using {{tl|Plain list}} | native_name_lang = | image = WesleyMethodistChurch-sepiapostcard.jpg | caption = Wesley Methodist Church, from an old [[Photographic print toning#Sepia toning|sepia-toned]] postcard. | osgraw = TQ 414 104<!-- NB. duplicated for this example only !! --> | country = [[Singapore]] | website = {{URL|www.wesleymc.org}} | former_name = Methodist Episcopal Church | founded = {{Start date|1885|2|6|df=yes}} | founder = Rev. [[James Mills Thoburn]], Rev. [[William Fitzjames Oldham]], Marie Oldham, Julia Battie | dedicated = {{Start date|1909|02|04|df=y}} | denomination = [[Methodism|Methodist]] | status = [[Church (building)|Church]] | functional_status = Active | style = [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] | groundbreaking = December 1907 | completed = End 1908 | materials = [[Brick]] | division = Trinity Annual Conference (TRAC) | pastor = Rev. Alvin Chan, Rev. Lilian Ang, Rev. Philip Lim, Rev. Daniel Tan, Rev. Michael Tan, Rev. Wendy Watson, Rev. Khoo Kay Huat }} <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" style="overflow: auto;"> {{Infobox church | name = Wesley Methodist Church | native_name = name in local language. If more than one, separate using {{tl|Plain list}} | native_name_lang = | image = WesleyMethodistChurch-sepiapostcard.jpg | caption = Wesley Methodist Church, from an old [[Photographic print toning#Sepia toning|sepia-toned]] postcard. | osgraw = TQ 414 104<!-- NB. duplicated for this example only!! --> | country = [[Singapore]] | website = {{URL|www.wesleymc.org}} | former_name = Methodist Episcopal Church | founded = {{Start date|1885|2|6|df=yes}} | founder = Rev. Dr. and Mrs. [[James Mills Thoburn]], Rev. [[William Fitzjames Oldham]], Mrs. Marie Oldham, Miss Julia Battie | dedicated = {{Start date|1909|02|04|df=y}} | denomination = [[Methodism|Methodist]] | status = [[Church (building)|Church]] | functional_status = Active | style = [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] | groundbreaking = December 1907 | completed = End 1908 | materials = [[Brick]] | division = Trinity Annual Conference (TRAC) | pastor = Rev. Alvin Chan, Rev. Lilian Ang, Rev. Philip Lim, Rev. Daniel Tan, Rev. Michael Tan, Rev. Wendy Watson, Rev. Khoo Kay Huat }} </syntaxhighlight> {{clear}} ==Microformat== {{UF-hcard-geo}} == TemplateData == {{collapse top|[[Wikipedia:TemplateData|TemplateData]] documentation used by [[Wikipedia:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] and other tools}} {{TemplateData header|noheader=1}} <templatedata> { "format": "{{_\n| ________________ = _\n}}\n", "params": { "denomination": {}, "name": {}, "full_name": {}, "native_name": {}, "native_name_lang": {}, "image": { "type": "wiki-file-name" }, "image_size": {}, "alt": {}, "caption": {}, "relief": {}, "coordinates": {}, "country": {}, "osgraw": {}, "location": {}, "address": {}, "tradition": {}, "churchmanship": {}, "website": {}, "founder": {}, "dedication": {}, "dedicated date": {}, "events": {}, "status": {}, "architect": {}, "style": {}, "groundbreaking": {}, "capacity": {}, "length": {}, "width": {}, "height": {}, "materials": {}, "parish": {}, "benefice": {}, "deanery": {}, "archdeaconry": {}, "archdiocese": {}, "metropolis": {}, "diocese": {}, "province": {}, "district": {}, "division": {}, "archbishop": {}, "bishop": {}, "abbot": {}, "vicar": {}, "rector": {}, "dean": {}, "succentor": {}, "priest": {}, "pastor": {}, "embedded": {}, "mapframe-zoom": {}, "other_name": {}, "pushpin_map": {}, "pushpin_label_position": {}, "pushpin_map_alt": {}, "pushpin_mapsize": {}, "map_caption": {}, "languages": {}, "previous_denomination": {}, "sui_iuris_church": {}, "religious_order": {}, "religious_institute": {}, "former_names": {}, "founded": {}, "early_dedication": {}, "other_dedication": {}, "consecrated": {}, "functional_status": {}, "heritage_designation": {}, "designated": {}, "previous_cathedrals": {}, "architectural_type": {}, "years_built": {}, "completed": {}, "construction_cost": {}, "closed": {}, "demolished": {} }, "paramOrder": [ "name", "full_name", "other_name", "native_name", "native_name_lang", "image", "image_size", "alt", "caption", "pushpin_map", "pushpin_label_position", "pushpin_map_alt", "relief", "pushpin_mapsize", "map_caption", "coordinates", "country", "osgraw", "location", "address", "denomination", "previous_denomination", "sui_iuris_church", "tradition", "churchmanship", "website", "former_names", "founded", "founder", "dedication", "dedicated date", "early_dedication", "other_dedication", "consecrated", "events", "status", "functional_status", "heritage_designation", "designated", "architect", "architectural_type", "style", "years_built", "groundbreaking", "completed", "construction_cost", "closed", "demolished", "capacity", "length", "width", "height", "materials", "parish", "benefice", "deanery", "archdeaconry", "archdiocese", "metropolis", "diocese", "province", "district", "division", "archbishop", "bishop", "abbot", "vicar", "rector", "dean", "succentor", "priest", "pastor", "embedded", "mapframe-zoom", "languages", "religious_order", "religious_institute", "previous_cathedrals" ] } </templatedata> {{collapse bottom}} == Tracking category == {{Infobox tracking categories }} == See also == * {{tl|Infobox religion}} * {{tl|Infobox religious building}} for the [[Church architecture|architectural details]] of a [[Church (building)|church building]] {{Organization infoboxes}} {{Buildings and structures infobox templates}} <includeonly>{{basepage subpage |<!--Categories below this line, please; interwikis at Wikidata--> [[Category:Buildings and structures infobox templates|Church]] [[Category:Christian infobox templates|Church]] [[Category:Templates with coordinates fields]] [[Category:Infobox templates with module parameter]] [[Category:Embeddable templates]] [[Category:Templates that add a tracking category|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> 4yza2cba5p8989id3y9eiinl1dgm9d4 10 28159 366779 2025-02-03T21:22:28Z en>Ahecht 0 Create wrapper for {{Code}} that defaults to wikitext 366779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=Code|_alias-map=1:code|lang=wikitext}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, interwikis to Wikidata, not here --> </noinclude> h7db9xby54ovlegcveepseebrr4s4xj 366780 366779 2026-08-23T16:34:46Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:Wikitext_code]] 366779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=Code|_alias-map=1:code|lang=wikitext}}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, interwikis to Wikidata, not here --> </noinclude> h7db9xby54ovlegcveepseebrr4s4xj 10 28160 366781 2025-02-03T21:27:58Z en>Ahecht 0 #REDIRECT [[Template:Wikitext code]] 366781 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Wikitext code]] j66kbivzx7dtap8o06vrbzi6e8nso0b 366782 366781 2026-08-23T16:34:46Z ChiK 1136 ೧ revisions imported from [[:en:Template:Tlcode]] 366781 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Wikitext code]] j66kbivzx7dtap8o06vrbzi6e8nso0b 2 28161 366784 2026-08-23T16:49:12Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365738365|Old Town (Lviv)]]" ಪುಟವನ್ನು ಅನುವಾದಿಸುವುದರಿಂದ ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಸಲಾಯಿತು 366784 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox building | name = Old City of Lviv | native_name = Старе місто Львова | native_name_lang = <!-- images --> | former_names = | alternate_names = | image = Lwów - Widok z wieży ratuszowej 01.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = View from the [[Lviv Town Hall|Town Hall]], with [[Market Square (Lviv)|Market Square]] in the foreground, [[Dominican Church, Lviv|Dominican Church]] in the background on the left and [[Dormition Church, Lviv|ensemble of the Assumption Church]] on the right. <!-- map -->| location = Lviv Oblast | address = [[Halytskyi District, Lviv|Halytskyi District]] | location_city = Lviv | location_country = Ukraine | coordinates = {{coord|49|50|30|N|24|01|55|E|display=inline,title}} <!-- stats -->| altitude = | status = | groundbreaking_date = | construction_start_date = | construction_stop_date = | completion_date = | est_completion = | opened_date = National Reserve | inauguration_date = | demolished_date = | destruction_date = | architect = | owner = | cost = | floor_area = | floor_count = | embed = | embedded = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | official_name = [[Lviv|L'viv]] – the Ensemble of the Historic Centre | location = <!-- optional --> | criteria = ii, v | ID = 865 | year = 1998 | danger = 2023 | child = yes }} | references = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_relief = | building_type = National Historic-Architectural Reserve | architectural_style = | structural_system = | client = | height = | architectural = | elevator_count = | architecture_firm = | ren_cost = | logo = | logo_size = | logo_caption = | etymology = | classification = | closing_date = | affiliation = | cancelled = | topped_out = | namesake = | material = | size = | grounds_area = | developer = | engineer = | known_for = | website = | footnotes = | image_map = | map_caption = <!-- location --> }}   '''ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಊರು''' ( Ukrainian ; Polish ) ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ( ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯ ) ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನಗರೊದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರ, 1975ಡ್ ರಾಜ್ಯ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ-ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಮೀಸಲು ಆದ್ ಮಾನ್ಯತೆ ಪಡೆದುಂಡು. == ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ == ೧೯೯೮ಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ವಿಶ್ವಸಂಸ್ಥೆದ ಶೈಕ್ಷಣಿಕ, ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ (ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ) ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ ೩೦೦ ಎಕ್ರೆದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊನು "ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ"ದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಮಲ್ತುದುಂಡು . ೫ ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ ೧೯೯೮ಡ್, ಕ್ಯೋಟೋಡ್ ( [[ಜಪಾನ್]] ) ನಡತಿನ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸಮಿತಿದ ೨೨ನೇ ಅಧಿವೇಶನೊಡು, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ್ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಾಯೆರ್. ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೊ ಅಯಿತ ಆಯ್ಕೆನ್ ವಿವರಿಸಾವುನ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/865|title=L'viv – the Ensemble of the Historic Centre|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|website=[[World Heritage Site]]|date=5 December 1998|accessdate=30 October 2006}}</ref> ಹೇಳಿಕೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು:  <mapframe latitude="49.842023" longitude="24.031219" zoom="6" width="200" height="100"> { "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ 24.03534, 49.838824 ], [ 24.035825, 49.839546 ], [ 24.036443, 49.840362 ], [ 24.036143, 49.840616 ], [ 24.035823, 49.840771 ], [ 24.035655, 49.841103 ], [ 24.035164, 49.842655 ], [ 24.034973, 49.8433 ], [ 24.034418, 49.844704 ], [ 24.033964, 49.844561 ], [ 24.03371, 49.844487 ], [ 24.033182, 49.844429 ], [ 24.031935, 49.844517 ], [ 24.029251, 49.84476 ], [ 24.028432, 49.844751 ], [ 24.028312, 49.844815 ], [ 24.027209, 49.844813 ], [ 24.026866, 49.844784 ], [ 24.026744, 49.844616 ], [ 24.026682, 49.844106 ], [ 24.026857, 49.843702 ], [ 24.027328, 49.843013 ], [ 24.028024, 49.841885 ], [ 24.029181, 49.840019 ], [ 24.029355, 49.839869 ], [ 24.029608, 49.83977 ], [ 24.030135, 49.839629 ], [ 24.030311, 49.839553 ], [ 24.030556, 49.839217 ], [ 24.0307, 49.839091 ], [ 24.032047, 49.839294 ], [ 24.033205, 49.839301 ], [ 24.03534, 49.838824 ] ] ] } } ] } </mapframe>ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಗುಂಪುದ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ನಗರೊದ ರಸ್' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ಭಾಗೊದ {{Convert|120|ha}} ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು, ಅಂಚನೆ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡು ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊನು ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು. ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರದ ಬಫರ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಗಡಿಟ್ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದೆ, ಸುಮಾರ್ {{Convert|3,000|ha}} ಆದುಂಡು. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Lviv in UNESCO|url=http://www.lviv.ua/en/page4417.html|website=www.lviv.ua|accessdate=21 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307223745/http://www.lviv.ua/en/page4417.html|archivedate=7 March 2009}}</ref> == ಫೀಚರ್ಡ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಮಾರ್ಕ್ ಲೆನ ಪಟ್ಟಿ == [[ಫೈಲ್:Cables_Lviv.jpg|thumb| ಬೀದಿಲು]] [[ಫೈಲ್:Lwów_-_Cerkiew_Uspieńska.jpg|right|thumb| ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊಡು 400 ವರ್ಸೊದ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಕೊರ್ನಿಯಕ್ಟ್ ಗೋಪುರ ಉಂಡು.]] [[ಫೈಲ್:Лвов_Галиција.jpg|thumb| ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ ಚೌಕ]] ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆನ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ವಸ್ತುಲೆನ್ ಬುಡ್ದು, ಓಲ್ಡ್ ಸಿಟಿದ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಸುಮಾರ್ 2,007 ಬೇತೆ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಗುರುತುಲು ಉಂಡು, ಅವುಲು 214 ನ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಗುರುತುಲು ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸವೊಲಿ. ; ಪಿಡ್ಜಾಮ್ಚೆ (ಉಪ-ಕೋಟೆ) * ಹೈ ಕ್ಯಾಸಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಿಡ್ಜಾಮ್ಚೆ ನೆರೆಹೊರೆ, ಓಲ್ಡ್ ಮಾರ್ಕೆಟ್ ಸ್ಕ್ವೇರ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ನಗರದ ಮೂಲ ಕೇಂದ್ರ * ಸೈಂಟ್ ನಿಕೋಲಸ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಹಾಲಿಚೈನಾ (ರುಥೇನಿಯನ್) ರಾಜೆರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬದ ಚರ್ಚ್ * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪರಸ್ಕೆವಾ-ಪ್ರಾಕ್ಸೆಡಿಯಾ (ಗುಡ್ ಫ್ರೈಡೆ), [[Fedor Senkovych|ಫೆಡರ್ ಸೆಂಕೊವಿಚ್]] ನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ 1740 ಇನ್ಕೊನೊಸ್ಟಾಸಿಸ್ ನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಸೈಂಟ್ ಒನುಫ್ರಿಯಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಸಿಲಿಯನ್ ಮಠದ ಚರ್ಚ್, [[Lazar Paslavsky|ಲಾಜರ್ ಪಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ಸ್ಕಿ]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೊಡೆಸ್ಟ್ ಸೊಸೆಂಕೊನ ಕಲಾಕೃತಿಲೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾನ್ ದಿ ಬ್ಯಾಪ್ಟಿಸ್ಟ್ (ಇನಿ – ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಅವಶೇಷೊಲು), ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ರಾಜೆ ಲಿಯೋನ ಹಂಗೇರಿಯನ್ ಪತ್ನಿಗ್ ಸಮರ್ಪಿಸಾಯಿನವು, ಕಾನ್ಸ್ಟೆನ್ಸ್, ರಾಜೆ ಬೆಲಾ IV ನ ಮಗೆ * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸ್ನೋವಿ ಮೇರಿ (ಇನಿ – ಅವರ್ ಲೇಡಿ ಆಫ್ ಪರ್ಪೆಚುಯಲ್ ಹೆಲ್ಪ್ ಚರ್ಚ್), ನಗರೊದ ಜರ್ಮನ್ ವಸಾಹತುಗಾರೆರೆನ ಚರ್ಚ್ <gallery mode="packed" heights="175"> ಫೈಲ್:Panoramic_view_of_Lviv_center.jpg|alt=Panoramic view of the Old Town with the towers of the Latin Cathedral, Town Hall, Bernardine, Dominican and Assumption (Dormition) churches (left to right)| ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್, ಟೌನ್ ಹಾಲ್, ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡೈನ್, ಡೊಮಿನಿಕನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಸಂಪ್ಶನ್ (ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್) ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆನ ಗೋಪುರೊಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಓಲ್ಡ್ ಟೌನ್ ದ ಪನೋರಮಿಕ್ ದೃಶ್ಯ (ಎಡಡ್ದ್ ಬಲಗ್) ಫೈಲ್:Площа_Ринок_у_травні.jpg|alt=Market Square| ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ ಚೌಕ ಫೈಲ್:WLM_-_2020_-_Вірменський_кафедральний_собор_-_01.jpg|alt=Armenian Cathedral| ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:2019.08.25.1442.04._Львів_пл.Соборна_Церква_св.Андрія.jpg|alt=Bernardine Church| ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಫೈಲ್:Латинський_кафедральний_собор_(Львів)_18.jpg|alt=Latin Cathedral| ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Каплиця_Боїмів._Львів._Рання_весна.JPG|alt=Boim Chapel| ಬೊಯಿಮ್ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Каплиця_Кампіанів_Катедральна_1_Львів_Марія_Павлюк.jpg|alt=Kampian Chapel| ಕಂಪಿಯನ್ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Церква_Успіння_Пресвятої_Богородиці-4,_Львів.jpg|alt=Church of the Assumption| ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ದ ಅಸಂಪ್ಶನ್ ಫೈಲ್:Львовский_трамвай_-_линия.jpg|alt=Tram in an Old Town street| ಒಂಜಿ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಊರುದ ಬೀದಿಡ್ ಟ್ರಾಮ್ ಫೈಲ್:2014K6546_-_Львів.jpg|alt=Saint George's Cathedral| ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Центр_Львова_2.jpg|alt=View of the Old Town from Freedom Avenue| ಫ್ರೀಡಮ್ ಅವೆನ್ಯೂಡ್ದ್ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಊರುದ ನೋಟ ಫೈಲ್:13_Prospekt_Svobody,_Lviv_(03).jpg|alt=Grand Hotel| ಗ್ರ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಹೋಟೆಲ್ </gallery> * ರೈನೊಕ್ (ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ) ಚೌಕದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ರಾಥಾಸ್ (ಮಧ್ಯ) ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿನ್ ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ವಸತಿಲೆನ ಚೌಕ ಪರಿಧಿನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಅಸಂಪ್ಶನ್ ದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು, ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಬರಿಟ್, ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಆಫ್ ಥ್ರೀ ಪ್ರೀಲೇಟ್ಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೊರ್ನಿಯಾಕ್ಟ್ಸ್ ಟವರ್ ನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಬರಿಟ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಗುಂಪು, ಒಂಜಿ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ಟೋಫರ್ ನ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ತಂಭ, ಮಾಜಿ ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ದ ಕಟ್ಟಡ, ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಲೆನ ಅರಮನೆ, ಬೆನೆಡಿಕ್ಟೈನ್ ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಕಾನ್ವೆಂಟ್ ನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಮೇರಿ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಪಕ್ಕೊಡು ಬೋಯಿಮ್ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕ್ಯಾಂಪಿಯನ್ಸ್ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಉಂಡು * ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡೈನ್ ಮಠದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು (ಇತ್ತೆ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಆಂಡ್ರ್ಯೂ ಚರ್ಚ್), ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್, ಮಠ, ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ, ರೊಟುಂಡಾ, ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಕೊಲೊನ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಕ್ಷಣಾತ್ಮಕ ಗೋಡೆಲೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಜೆಸುಯಿಟ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಯಂ ದ ಗುಂಪು * ಡೊಮಿನಿಕನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು (ಇತ್ತೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ದ ಹೋಲಿ ಯುಕ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ಟ್), ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಪಕ್ಕೊಡು ಮಠ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ ಉಂಡು * ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಥಿಯೇಟರ್ ಆಫ್ ಒಪೆರಾ ಅಂಡ್ ಬ್ಯಾಲೆ * ನಗರದ ಕೋಟೆಲು ನಗರೊದ ಆರ್ಸೆನಲ್, ಗನ್ಪೌಡರ್ ಟವರ್, ಟರ್ನರ್ಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರೋಪ್ಮೇಕರ್ಸ್ ಟವರ್, ರಾಯಲ್ ಆರ್ಸೆನಲ್, ಕೆಳ ರಕ್ಷಣಾ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * "ಡ್ನಿಸ್ಟರ್" ವಿಮೆ ಕಂಪೆನಿದ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ; ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಯುರಾ (ಸೇಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್) ದಿ ಡ್ರ್ಯಾಗನ್ ಫೈಟರ್ * ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಬರಿಟ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ಸ್ ಪ್ಯಾಲೇಸ್, ಕ್ಯಾಪಿಟುಲರ್ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಲು, ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗೇಟ್ ಲೆನ ಬೇಲಿ (ಮಾರ್ಕೆಟ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಿಟಿ) ಉಂಡು ; ನ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಊರುದ ಗುರುತುಲು,ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ತಾಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಅತ್ತ್ * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಕಾರ್ಮೆಲೈಟ್ಸ್, ದಿ ಬೇರ್ಫೂಟೆಡ್ (ಇತ್ತೆ - ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಮೈಕೆಲ್) * ಕಾರ್ಮೆಲೈಟ್ಸ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನನ್ನರಿ, ಬೇರ್ ಫೂಟೆಡ್ (ಇತ್ತೆ - ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಣದ ಚರ್ಚ್) * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಪೂರ್ ಕ್ಲೇರ್ಸ್ (ಇತ್ತೆ – ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಆಫ್ ಸ್ಯಾಕ್ರಲ್ ಬ್ಯಾರೊಕ್ ಸ್ಕಲ್ಪ್ಚರ್) * ಸೈಂಟ್ ಮಾರ್ಟಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ (ಇನಿ – ಬ್ಯಾಪ್ಟಿಸ್ಟ್ ಚರ್ಚ್) * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಟ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ಫಿಗರೇಶನ್ * ಸೈಂಟ್ ಕ್ಯಾಸಿಮಿರ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್ * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೆಂಟ್ಸ್ ಒಲ್ಹಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಎಲಿಜಬೆತ್ * ಪೊಟೊಕಿ ಅರಮನೆ, ಇತ್ತೆ ಬೊರಿಸ್ ವೊಜ್ನಿಟ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಕಲಾ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿ * ಸರಕು ಷೇರು ವಿನಿಮಯ == ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿ == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> == ಉಂದೆನುಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆನ ಪಟ್ಟಿ == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * (in Ukrainian) [http://www.history.org.ua/?l=EHU&verbvar=Lv%B3vsky_arkh%B3tekturny_zapov%B3dnyk&abcvar=15&bbcvar=33 NANU ದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆದ ವೆಬ್ಸೈಟ್ ಡ್ ವಿವರಣೆ] * [http://zik.com.ua/ua/news/2010/05/17/228905 ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಸಡೋವಿನ ಮೇಯರ್ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯೊನು ಸ್ಥಗಿತ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡು ಪನ್ಪೆರ್ (ZIK ಮೇ ೧೭, ೨೦೧೦)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110912024124/http://www.centre7.org.ua/book/export/html/1428 ನಗರ ಸಭೆಗ್ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗೊತ್ತುಜ್ಜಿ (ZIK ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೧, ೨೦೧೧)] * [http://www.sciencebooks-database.info/content/%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA-%D1%83-%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96 ೧೯೭೯ಡ್ ಪ್ರಕಟವಾದ್ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಪುಸ್ತಕದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ] Archived * [https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/865bis.pdf ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಜಾಗೆದ ವಿವರಣೆ] <nowiki> [[ವರ್ಗೊ:Articles with short description]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಂದಿನ ಅನುವಾದೊಲು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಪುಟೊಕುಲು]]</nowiki> 0k9ijx6z6flv0mtn14zsap67udpvudu 366785 366784 2026-08-23T16:55:19Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 /* */ 366785 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Infobox building | name = ಲ್ವಿವ್‌ದ ಪಳಯ ನಗರ | native_name = Старе місто Львова | native_name_lang = uk | former_names = | alternate_names = | image = Lwów - Widok z wieży ratuszowej 01.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = [[ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಟೌನ್ ಹಾಲ್|ಟೌನ್ ಹಾಲ್]]ದ ಮಿನಾರ್ದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನೋಟೊ; ಮುಂಬಾಗಡ್ [[ಮಾರ್ಕೆಟ್ ಸ್ಕ್ವೇರ್ (ಲ್ವಿವ್)|ಮಾರ್ಕೆಟ್ ಸ್ಕ್ವೇರ್]], ಎಡ್ದ ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆಡ್ [[ಡೊಮಿನಿಕನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಲ್ವಿವ್|ಡೊಮಿನಿಕನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಲತ್ತ [[ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಲ್ವಿವ್|ಅಸಂಪ್ಷನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮೂಹೊ]] ಕಾಣುಂಡ್. <!-- ನಕ್ಷೆ --> | location = ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ | address = [[ಹಾಲಿಟ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, ಲ್ವಿವ್|ಹಾಲಿಟ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ]] | location_city = ಲ್ವಿವ್ | location_country = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | coordinates = {{coord|49|50|30|N|24|01|55|E|display=inline,title}} <!-- ಅಂಕಿಅಂಶೊಲು --> | altitude = | status = | groundbreaking_date = | construction_start_date = | construction_stop_date = | completion_date = | est_completion = | opened_date = ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶ | inauguration_date = | demolished_date = | destruction_date = | architect = | owner = | cost = | floor_area = | floor_count = | embed = | embedded = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | official_name = [[ಲ್ವಿವ್|ಲ್ವಿವ್]] – ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊದ ಸಮೂಹೊ | location = | criteria = ii, v | ID = 865 | year = 1998 | danger = 2023 | child = yes }} | references = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_relief = | building_type = ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ–ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶ | architectural_style = | structural_system = | client = | height = | architectural = | elevator_count = | architecture_firm = | ren_cost = | logo = | logo_size = | logo_caption = | etymology = | classification = | closing_date = | affiliation = | cancelled = | topped_out = | namesake = | material = | size = | grounds_area = | developer = | engineer = | known_for = | website = | footnotes = | image_map = | map_caption = }} '''ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಊರು''' ( Ukrainian ; Polish ) ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ( ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯ ) ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನಗರೊದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರ, 1975ಡ್ ರಾಜ್ಯ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ-ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಮೀಸಲು ಆದ್ ಮಾನ್ಯತೆ ಪಡೆದುಂಡು. == ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ == ೧೯೯೮ಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ವಿಶ್ವಸಂಸ್ಥೆದ ಶೈಕ್ಷಣಿಕ, ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ (ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ) ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ ೩೦೦ ಎಕ್ರೆದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊನು "ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ"ದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಮಲ್ತುದುಂಡು . ೫ ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ ೧೯೯೮ಡ್, ಕ್ಯೋಟೋಡ್ ( [[ಜಪಾನ್]] ) ನಡತಿನ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸಮಿತಿದ ೨೨ನೇ ಅಧಿವೇಶನೊಡು, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ್ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಾಯೆರ್. ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೊ ಅಯಿತ ಆಯ್ಕೆನ್ ವಿವರಿಸಾವುನ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/865|title=L'viv – the Ensemble of the Historic Centre|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|website=[[World Heritage Site]]|date=5 December 1998|accessdate=30 October 2006}}</ref> ಹೇಳಿಕೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು:  <mapframe latitude="49.842023" longitude="24.031219" zoom="6" width="200" height="100"> { "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ 24.03534, 49.838824 ], [ 24.035825, 49.839546 ], [ 24.036443, 49.840362 ], [ 24.036143, 49.840616 ], [ 24.035823, 49.840771 ], [ 24.035655, 49.841103 ], [ 24.035164, 49.842655 ], [ 24.034973, 49.8433 ], [ 24.034418, 49.844704 ], [ 24.033964, 49.844561 ], [ 24.03371, 49.844487 ], [ 24.033182, 49.844429 ], [ 24.031935, 49.844517 ], [ 24.029251, 49.84476 ], [ 24.028432, 49.844751 ], [ 24.028312, 49.844815 ], [ 24.027209, 49.844813 ], [ 24.026866, 49.844784 ], [ 24.026744, 49.844616 ], [ 24.026682, 49.844106 ], [ 24.026857, 49.843702 ], [ 24.027328, 49.843013 ], [ 24.028024, 49.841885 ], [ 24.029181, 49.840019 ], [ 24.029355, 49.839869 ], [ 24.029608, 49.83977 ], [ 24.030135, 49.839629 ], [ 24.030311, 49.839553 ], [ 24.030556, 49.839217 ], [ 24.0307, 49.839091 ], [ 24.032047, 49.839294 ], [ 24.033205, 49.839301 ], [ 24.03534, 49.838824 ] ] ] } } ] } </mapframe>ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಗುಂಪುದ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ನಗರೊದ ರಸ್' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ಭಾಗೊದ {{Convert|120|ha}} ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು, ಅಂಚನೆ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡು ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊನು ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು. ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರದ ಬಫರ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಗಡಿಟ್ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದೆ, ಸುಮಾರ್ {{Convert|3,000|ha}} ಆದುಂಡು. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Lviv in UNESCO|url=http://www.lviv.ua/en/page4417.html|website=www.lviv.ua|accessdate=21 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307223745/http://www.lviv.ua/en/page4417.html|archivedate=7 March 2009}}</ref> == ಫೀಚರ್ಡ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಮಾರ್ಕ್ ಲೆನ ಪಟ್ಟಿ == [[ಫೈಲ್:Cables_Lviv.jpg|thumb| ಬೀದಿಲು]] [[ಫೈಲ್:Lwów_-_Cerkiew_Uspieńska.jpg|right|thumb| ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊಡು 400 ವರ್ಸೊದ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಕೊರ್ನಿಯಕ್ಟ್ ಗೋಪುರ ಉಂಡು.]] [[ಫೈಲ್:Лвов_Галиција.jpg|thumb| ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ ಚೌಕ]] ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆನ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ವಸ್ತುಲೆನ್ ಬುಡ್ದು, ಓಲ್ಡ್ ಸಿಟಿದ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಸುಮಾರ್ 2,007 ಬೇತೆ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಗುರುತುಲು ಉಂಡು, ಅವುಲು 214 ನ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಗುರುತುಲು ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸವೊಲಿ. ; ಪಿಡ್ಜಾಮ್ಚೆ (ಉಪ-ಕೋಟೆ) * ಹೈ ಕ್ಯಾಸಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಿಡ್ಜಾಮ್ಚೆ ನೆರೆಹೊರೆ, ಓಲ್ಡ್ ಮಾರ್ಕೆಟ್ ಸ್ಕ್ವೇರ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ನಗರದ ಮೂಲ ಕೇಂದ್ರ * ಸೈಂಟ್ ನಿಕೋಲಸ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಹಾಲಿಚೈನಾ (ರುಥೇನಿಯನ್) ರಾಜೆರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬದ ಚರ್ಚ್ * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪರಸ್ಕೆವಾ-ಪ್ರಾಕ್ಸೆಡಿಯಾ (ಗುಡ್ ಫ್ರೈಡೆ), [[Fedor Senkovych|ಫೆಡರ್ ಸೆಂಕೊವಿಚ್]] ನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ 1740 ಇನ್ಕೊನೊಸ್ಟಾಸಿಸ್ ನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಸೈಂಟ್ ಒನುಫ್ರಿಯಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಸಿಲಿಯನ್ ಮಠದ ಚರ್ಚ್, [[Lazar Paslavsky|ಲಾಜರ್ ಪಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ಸ್ಕಿ]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೊಡೆಸ್ಟ್ ಸೊಸೆಂಕೊನ ಕಲಾಕೃತಿಲೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾನ್ ದಿ ಬ್ಯಾಪ್ಟಿಸ್ಟ್ (ಇನಿ – ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಅವಶೇಷೊಲು), ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ರಾಜೆ ಲಿಯೋನ ಹಂಗೇರಿಯನ್ ಪತ್ನಿಗ್ ಸಮರ್ಪಿಸಾಯಿನವು, ಕಾನ್ಸ್ಟೆನ್ಸ್, ರಾಜೆ ಬೆಲಾ IV ನ ಮಗೆ * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸ್ನೋವಿ ಮೇರಿ (ಇನಿ – ಅವರ್ ಲೇಡಿ ಆಫ್ ಪರ್ಪೆಚುಯಲ್ ಹೆಲ್ಪ್ ಚರ್ಚ್), ನಗರೊದ ಜರ್ಮನ್ ವಸಾಹತುಗಾರೆರೆನ ಚರ್ಚ್ <gallery mode="packed" heights="175"> ಫೈಲ್:Panoramic_view_of_Lviv_center.jpg|alt=Panoramic view of the Old Town with the towers of the Latin Cathedral, Town Hall, Bernardine, Dominican and Assumption (Dormition) churches (left to right)| ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್, ಟೌನ್ ಹಾಲ್, ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡೈನ್, ಡೊಮಿನಿಕನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಸಂಪ್ಶನ್ (ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್) ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆನ ಗೋಪುರೊಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಓಲ್ಡ್ ಟೌನ್ ದ ಪನೋರಮಿಕ್ ದೃಶ್ಯ (ಎಡಡ್ದ್ ಬಲಗ್) ಫೈಲ್:Площа_Ринок_у_травні.jpg|alt=Market Square| ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ ಚೌಕ ಫೈಲ್:WLM_-_2020_-_Вірменський_кафедральний_собор_-_01.jpg|alt=Armenian Cathedral| ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:2019.08.25.1442.04._Львів_пл.Соборна_Церква_св.Андрія.jpg|alt=Bernardine Church| ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಫೈಲ್:Латинський_кафедральний_собор_(Львів)_18.jpg|alt=Latin Cathedral| ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Каплиця_Боїмів._Львів._Рання_весна.JPG|alt=Boim Chapel| ಬೊಯಿಮ್ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Каплиця_Кампіанів_Катедральна_1_Львів_Марія_Павлюк.jpg|alt=Kampian Chapel| ಕಂಪಿಯನ್ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Церква_Успіння_Пресвятої_Богородиці-4,_Львів.jpg|alt=Church of the Assumption| ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ದ ಅಸಂಪ್ಶನ್ ಫೈಲ್:Львовский_трамвай_-_линия.jpg|alt=Tram in an Old Town street| ಒಂಜಿ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಊರುದ ಬೀದಿಡ್ ಟ್ರಾಮ್ ಫೈಲ್:2014K6546_-_Львів.jpg|alt=Saint George's Cathedral| ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Центр_Львова_2.jpg|alt=View of the Old Town from Freedom Avenue| ಫ್ರೀಡಮ್ ಅವೆನ್ಯೂಡ್ದ್ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಊರುದ ನೋಟ ಫೈಲ್:13_Prospekt_Svobody,_Lviv_(03).jpg|alt=Grand Hotel| ಗ್ರ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಹೋಟೆಲ್ </gallery> * ರೈನೊಕ್ (ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ) ಚೌಕದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ರಾಥಾಸ್ (ಮಧ್ಯ) ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿನ್ ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ವಸತಿಲೆನ ಚೌಕ ಪರಿಧಿನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಅಸಂಪ್ಶನ್ ದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು, ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಬರಿಟ್, ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಆಫ್ ಥ್ರೀ ಪ್ರೀಲೇಟ್ಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೊರ್ನಿಯಾಕ್ಟ್ಸ್ ಟವರ್ ನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಬರಿಟ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಗುಂಪು, ಒಂಜಿ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ಟೋಫರ್ ನ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ತಂಭ, ಮಾಜಿ ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ದ ಕಟ್ಟಡ, ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಲೆನ ಅರಮನೆ, ಬೆನೆಡಿಕ್ಟೈನ್ ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಕಾನ್ವೆಂಟ್ ನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಮೇರಿ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಪಕ್ಕೊಡು ಬೋಯಿಮ್ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕ್ಯಾಂಪಿಯನ್ಸ್ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಉಂಡು * ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡೈನ್ ಮಠದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು (ಇತ್ತೆ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಆಂಡ್ರ್ಯೂ ಚರ್ಚ್), ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್, ಮಠ, ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ, ರೊಟುಂಡಾ, ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಕೊಲೊನ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಕ್ಷಣಾತ್ಮಕ ಗೋಡೆಲೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಜೆಸುಯಿಟ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಯಂ ದ ಗುಂಪು * ಡೊಮಿನಿಕನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು (ಇತ್ತೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ದ ಹೋಲಿ ಯುಕ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ಟ್), ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಪಕ್ಕೊಡು ಮಠ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ ಉಂಡು * ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಥಿಯೇಟರ್ ಆಫ್ ಒಪೆರಾ ಅಂಡ್ ಬ್ಯಾಲೆ * ನಗರದ ಕೋಟೆಲು ನಗರೊದ ಆರ್ಸೆನಲ್, ಗನ್ಪೌಡರ್ ಟವರ್, ಟರ್ನರ್ಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರೋಪ್ಮೇಕರ್ಸ್ ಟವರ್, ರಾಯಲ್ ಆರ್ಸೆನಲ್, ಕೆಳ ರಕ್ಷಣಾ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * "ಡ್ನಿಸ್ಟರ್" ವಿಮೆ ಕಂಪೆನಿದ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ; ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಯುರಾ (ಸೇಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್) ದಿ ಡ್ರ್ಯಾಗನ್ ಫೈಟರ್ * ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಬರಿಟ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ಸ್ ಪ್ಯಾಲೇಸ್, ಕ್ಯಾಪಿಟುಲರ್ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಲು, ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗೇಟ್ ಲೆನ ಬೇಲಿ (ಮಾರ್ಕೆಟ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಿಟಿ) ಉಂಡು ; ನ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಊರುದ ಗುರುತುಲು,ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ತಾಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಅತ್ತ್ * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಕಾರ್ಮೆಲೈಟ್ಸ್, ದಿ ಬೇರ್ಫೂಟೆಡ್ (ಇತ್ತೆ - ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಮೈಕೆಲ್) * ಕಾರ್ಮೆಲೈಟ್ಸ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನನ್ನರಿ, ಬೇರ್ ಫೂಟೆಡ್ (ಇತ್ತೆ - ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಣದ ಚರ್ಚ್) * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಪೂರ್ ಕ್ಲೇರ್ಸ್ (ಇತ್ತೆ – ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಆಫ್ ಸ್ಯಾಕ್ರಲ್ ಬ್ಯಾರೊಕ್ ಸ್ಕಲ್ಪ್ಚರ್) * ಸೈಂಟ್ ಮಾರ್ಟಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ (ಇನಿ – ಬ್ಯಾಪ್ಟಿಸ್ಟ್ ಚರ್ಚ್) * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಟ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ಫಿಗರೇಶನ್ * ಸೈಂಟ್ ಕ್ಯಾಸಿಮಿರ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್ * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೆಂಟ್ಸ್ ಒಲ್ಹಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಎಲಿಜಬೆತ್ * ಪೊಟೊಕಿ ಅರಮನೆ, ಇತ್ತೆ ಬೊರಿಸ್ ವೊಜ್ನಿಟ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಕಲಾ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿ * ಸರಕು ಷೇರು ವಿನಿಮಯ == ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿ == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> == ಉಂದೆನುಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆನ ಪಟ್ಟಿ == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * (in Ukrainian) [http://www.history.org.ua/?l=EHU&verbvar=Lv%B3vsky_arkh%B3tekturny_zapov%B3dnyk&abcvar=15&bbcvar=33 NANU ದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆದ ವೆಬ್ಸೈಟ್ ಡ್ ವಿವರಣೆ] * [http://zik.com.ua/ua/news/2010/05/17/228905 ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಸಡೋವಿನ ಮೇಯರ್ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯೊನು ಸ್ಥಗಿತ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡು ಪನ್ಪೆರ್ (ZIK ಮೇ ೧೭, ೨೦೧೦)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110912024124/http://www.centre7.org.ua/book/export/html/1428 ನಗರ ಸಭೆಗ್ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗೊತ್ತುಜ್ಜಿ (ZIK ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೧, ೨೦೧೧)] * [http://www.sciencebooks-database.info/content/%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA-%D1%83-%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96 ೧೯೭೯ಡ್ ಪ್ರಕಟವಾದ್ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಪುಸ್ತಕದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ] Archived * [https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/865bis.pdf ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಜಾಗೆದ ವಿವರಣೆ] <nowiki> [[ವರ್ಗೊ:Articles with short description]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಂದಿನ ಅನುವಾದೊಲು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಪುಟೊಕುಲು]]</nowiki> jis3rkv9v345fyjle3cewiwmho9i0q9 366786 366785 2026-08-23T16:57:16Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366786 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Infobox building | name = ಲ್ವಿವ್‌ದ ಪಳಯ ನಗರ | native_name = Старе місто Львова | native_name_lang = uk | former_names = | alternate_names = | image = Lwów - Widok z wieży ratuszowej 01.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = [[ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಟೌನ್ ಹಾಲ್|ಟೌನ್ ಹಾಲ್]]ದ ಮಿನಾರ್ದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನೋಟೊ; ಮುಂಬಾಗಡ್ [[ಮಾರ್ಕೆಟ್ ಸ್ಕ್ವೇರ್ (ಲ್ವಿವ್)|ಮಾರ್ಕೆಟ್ ಸ್ಕ್ವೇರ್]], ಎಡ್ದ ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆಡ್ [[ಡೊಮಿನಿಕನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಲ್ವಿವ್|ಡೊಮಿನಿಕನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಲತ್ತ [[ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಲ್ವಿವ್|ಅಸಂಪ್ಷನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮೂಹೊ]] ಕಾಣುಂಡ್. <!-- ನಕ್ಷೆ --> | location = ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ | address = [[ಹಾಲಿಟ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, ಲ್ವಿವ್|ಹಾಲಿಟ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ]] | location_city = ಲ್ವಿವ್ | location_country = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | coordinates = {{coord|49|50|30|N|24|01|55|E|display=inline,title}} <!-- ಅಂಕಿಅಂಶೊಲು --> | altitude = | status = | groundbreaking_date = | construction_start_date = | construction_stop_date = | completion_date = | est_completion = | opened_date = ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶ | inauguration_date = | demolished_date = | destruction_date = | architect = | owner = | cost = | floor_area = | floor_count = | embed = | embedded = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | official_name = [[ಲ್ವಿವ್|ಲ್ವಿವ್]] – ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊದ ಸಮೂಹೊ | location = | criteria = ii, v | ID = 865 | year = 1998 | danger = 2023 | child = yes }} | references = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_relief = | building_type = ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ–ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶ | architectural_style = | structural_system = | client = | height = | architectural = | elevator_count = | architecture_firm = | ren_cost = | logo = | logo_size = | logo_caption = | etymology = | classification = | closing_date = | affiliation = | cancelled = | topped_out = | namesake = | material = | size = | grounds_area = | developer = | engineer = | known_for = | website = | footnotes = | image_map = | map_caption = }} '''ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಊರು''' ( Ukrainian ; Polish ) ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ( ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯ ) ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನಗರೊದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರ, 1975ಡ್ ರಾಜ್ಯ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ-ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಮೀಸಲು ಆದ್ ಮಾನ್ಯತೆ ಪಡೆದುಂಡು. == ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ == ೧೯೯೮ಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ವಿಶ್ವಸಂಸ್ಥೆದ ಶೈಕ್ಷಣಿಕ, ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ (ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ) ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ ೩೦೦ ಎಕ್ರೆದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊನು "ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ"ದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಮಲ್ತುದುಂಡು . ೫ ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ ೧೯೯೮ಡ್, ಕ್ಯೋಟೋಡ್ ( [[ಜಪಾನ್]] ) ನಡತಿನ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸಮಿತಿದ ೨೨ನೇ ಅಧಿವೇಶನೊಡು, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ್ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಾಯೆರ್. ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೊ ಅಯಿತ ಆಯ್ಕೆನ್ ವಿವರಿಸಾವುನ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/865|title=L'viv – the Ensemble of the Historic Centre|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|website=[[World Heritage Site]]|date=5 December 1998|accessdate=30 October 2006}}</ref> ಹೇಳಿಕೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು:  <mapframe latitude="49.842023" longitude="24.031219" zoom="6" width="200" height="100"> { "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ 24.03534, 49.838824 ], [ 24.035825, 49.839546 ], [ 24.036443, 49.840362 ], [ 24.036143, 49.840616 ], [ 24.035823, 49.840771 ], [ 24.035655, 49.841103 ], [ 24.035164, 49.842655 ], [ 24.034973, 49.8433 ], [ 24.034418, 49.844704 ], [ 24.033964, 49.844561 ], [ 24.03371, 49.844487 ], [ 24.033182, 49.844429 ], [ 24.031935, 49.844517 ], [ 24.029251, 49.84476 ], [ 24.028432, 49.844751 ], [ 24.028312, 49.844815 ], [ 24.027209, 49.844813 ], [ 24.026866, 49.844784 ], [ 24.026744, 49.844616 ], [ 24.026682, 49.844106 ], [ 24.026857, 49.843702 ], [ 24.027328, 49.843013 ], [ 24.028024, 49.841885 ], [ 24.029181, 49.840019 ], [ 24.029355, 49.839869 ], [ 24.029608, 49.83977 ], [ 24.030135, 49.839629 ], [ 24.030311, 49.839553 ], [ 24.030556, 49.839217 ], [ 24.0307, 49.839091 ], [ 24.032047, 49.839294 ], [ 24.033205, 49.839301 ], [ 24.03534, 49.838824 ] ] ] } } ] } </mapframe>ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಗುಂಪುದ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ನಗರೊದ ರಸ್' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ಭಾಗೊದ {{Convert|120|ha}} ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು, ಅಂಚನೆ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡು ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊನು ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು. ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರದ ಬಫರ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಗಡಿಟ್ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದೆ, ಸುಮಾರ್ {{Convert|3,000|ha}} ಆದುಂಡು. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Lviv in UNESCO|url=http://www.lviv.ua/en/page4417.html|website=www.lviv.ua|accessdate=21 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307223745/http://www.lviv.ua/en/page4417.html|archivedate=7 March 2009}}</ref> == ಫೀಚರ್ಡ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಮಾರ್ಕ್ ಲೆನ ಪಟ್ಟಿ == [[ಫೈಲ್:Cables_Lviv.jpg|thumb| ಬೀದಿಲು]] [[ಫೈಲ್:Lwów_-_Cerkiew_Uspieńska.jpg|right|thumb| ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊಡು 400 ವರ್ಸೊದ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಕೊರ್ನಿಯಕ್ಟ್ ಗೋಪುರ ಉಂಡು.]] [[ಫೈಲ್:Лвов_Галиција.jpg|thumb| ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ ಚೌಕ]] ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆನ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ವಸ್ತುಲೆನ್ ಬುಡ್ದು, ಓಲ್ಡ್ ಸಿಟಿದ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಸುಮಾರ್ 2,007 ಬೇತೆ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಗುರುತುಲು ಉಂಡು, ಅವುಲು 214 ನ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಗುರುತುಲು ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸವೊಲಿ. ; ಪಿಡ್ಜಾಮ್ಚೆ (ಉಪ-ಕೋಟೆ) * ಹೈ ಕ್ಯಾಸಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಿಡ್ಜಾಮ್ಚೆ ನೆರೆಹೊರೆ, ಓಲ್ಡ್ ಮಾರ್ಕೆಟ್ ಸ್ಕ್ವೇರ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ನಗರದ ಮೂಲ ಕೇಂದ್ರ * ಸೈಂಟ್ ನಿಕೋಲಸ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಹಾಲಿಚೈನಾ (ರುಥೇನಿಯನ್) ರಾಜೆರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬದ ಚರ್ಚ್ * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪರಸ್ಕೆವಾ-ಪ್ರಾಕ್ಸೆಡಿಯಾ (ಗುಡ್ ಫ್ರೈಡೆ), ಫೆಡರ್ ಸೆಂಕೊವಿಚ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ 1740 ಇನ್ಕೊನೊಸ್ಟಾಸಿಸ್ ನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಸೈಂಟ್ ಒನುಫ್ರಿಯಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಸಿಲಿಯನ್ ಮಠದ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಲಾಜರ್ ಪಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೊಡೆಸ್ಟ್ ಸೊಸೆಂಕೊನ ಕಲಾಕೃತಿಲೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾನ್ ದಿ ಬ್ಯಾಪ್ಟಿಸ್ಟ್ (ಇನಿ – ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಅವಶೇಷೊಲು), ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ರಾಜೆ ಲಿಯೋನ ಹಂಗೇರಿಯನ್ ಪತ್ನಿಗ್ ಸಮರ್ಪಿಸಾಯಿನವು, ಕಾನ್ಸ್ಟೆನ್ಸ್, ರಾಜೆ ಬೆಲಾ IV ನ ಮಗೆ * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸ್ನೋವಿ ಮೇರಿ (ಇನಿ – ಅವರ್ ಲೇಡಿ ಆಫ್ ಪರ್ಪೆಚುಯಲ್ ಹೆಲ್ಪ್ ಚರ್ಚ್), ನಗರೊದ ಜರ್ಮನ್ ವಸಾಹತುಗಾರೆರೆನ ಚರ್ಚ್ <gallery mode="packed" heights="175"> ಫೈಲ್:Panoramic_view_of_Lviv_center.jpg|alt=Panoramic view of the Old Town with the towers of the Latin Cathedral, Town Hall, Bernardine, Dominican and Assumption (Dormition) churches (left to right)| ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್, ಟೌನ್ ಹಾಲ್, ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡೈನ್, ಡೊಮಿನಿಕನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಸಂಪ್ಶನ್ (ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್) ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆನ ಗೋಪುರೊಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಓಲ್ಡ್ ಟೌನ್ ದ ಪನೋರಮಿಕ್ ದೃಶ್ಯ (ಎಡಡ್ದ್ ಬಲಗ್) ಫೈಲ್:Площа_Ринок_у_травні.jpg|alt=Market Square| ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ ಚೌಕ ಫೈಲ್:WLM_-_2020_-_Вірменський_кафедральний_собор_-_01.jpg|alt=Armenian Cathedral| ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:2019.08.25.1442.04._Львів_пл.Соборна_Церква_св.Андрія.jpg|alt=Bernardine Church| ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಫೈಲ್:Латинський_кафедральний_собор_(Львів)_18.jpg|alt=Latin Cathedral| ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Каплиця_Боїмів._Львів._Рання_весна.JPG|alt=Boim Chapel| ಬೊಯಿಮ್ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Каплиця_Кампіанів_Катедральна_1_Львів_Марія_Павлюк.jpg|alt=Kampian Chapel| ಕಂಪಿಯನ್ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Церква_Успіння_Пресвятої_Богородиці-4,_Львів.jpg|alt=Church of the Assumption| ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ದ ಅಸಂಪ್ಶನ್ ಫೈಲ್:Львовский_трамвай_-_линия.jpg|alt=Tram in an Old Town street| ಒಂಜಿ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಊರುದ ಬೀದಿಡ್ ಟ್ರಾಮ್ ಫೈಲ್:2014K6546_-_Львів.jpg|alt=Saint George's Cathedral| ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Центр_Львова_2.jpg|alt=View of the Old Town from Freedom Avenue| ಫ್ರೀಡಮ್ ಅವೆನ್ಯೂಡ್ದ್ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಊರುದ ನೋಟ ಫೈಲ್:13_Prospekt_Svobody,_Lviv_(03).jpg|alt=Grand Hotel| ಗ್ರ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಹೋಟೆಲ್ </gallery> * ರೈನೊಕ್ (ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ) ಚೌಕದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ರಾಥಾಸ್ (ಮಧ್ಯ) ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿನ್ ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ವಸತಿಲೆನ ಚೌಕ ಪರಿಧಿನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಅಸಂಪ್ಶನ್ ದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು, ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಬರಿಟ್, ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಆಫ್ ಥ್ರೀ ಪ್ರೀಲೇಟ್ಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೊರ್ನಿಯಾಕ್ಟ್ಸ್ ಟವರ್ ನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಬರಿಟ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಗುಂಪು, ಒಂಜಿ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ಟೋಫರ್ ನ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ತಂಭ, ಮಾಜಿ ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ದ ಕಟ್ಟಡ, ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಲೆನ ಅರಮನೆ, ಬೆನೆಡಿಕ್ಟೈನ್ ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಕಾನ್ವೆಂಟ್ ನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಮೇರಿ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಪಕ್ಕೊಡು ಬೋಯಿಮ್ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕ್ಯಾಂಪಿಯನ್ಸ್ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಉಂಡು * ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡೈನ್ ಮಠದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು (ಇತ್ತೆ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಆಂಡ್ರ್ಯೂ ಚರ್ಚ್), ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್, ಮಠ, ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ, ರೊಟುಂಡಾ, ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಕೊಲೊನ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಕ್ಷಣಾತ್ಮಕ ಗೋಡೆಲೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಜೆಸುಯಿಟ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಯಂ ದ ಗುಂಪು * ಡೊಮಿನಿಕನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು (ಇತ್ತೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ದ ಹೋಲಿ ಯುಕ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ಟ್), ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಪಕ್ಕೊಡು ಮಠ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ ಉಂಡು * ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಥಿಯೇಟರ್ ಆಫ್ ಒಪೆರಾ ಅಂಡ್ ಬ್ಯಾಲೆ * ನಗರದ ಕೋಟೆಲು ನಗರೊದ ಆರ್ಸೆನಲ್, ಗನ್ಪೌಡರ್ ಟವರ್, ಟರ್ನರ್ಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರೋಪ್ಮೇಕರ್ಸ್ ಟವರ್, ರಾಯಲ್ ಆರ್ಸೆನಲ್, ಕೆಳ ರಕ್ಷಣಾ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * "ಡ್ನಿಸ್ಟರ್" ವಿಮೆ ಕಂಪೆನಿದ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ; ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಯುರಾ (ಸೇಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್) ದಿ ಡ್ರ್ಯಾಗನ್ ಫೈಟರ್ * ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಬರಿಟ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ಸ್ ಪ್ಯಾಲೇಸ್, ಕ್ಯಾಪಿಟುಲರ್ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಲು, ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗೇಟ್ ಲೆನ ಬೇಲಿ (ಮಾರ್ಕೆಟ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಿಟಿ) ಉಂಡು ; ನ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಊರುದ ಗುರುತುಲು,ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ತಾಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಅತ್ತ್ * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಕಾರ್ಮೆಲೈಟ್ಸ್, ದಿ ಬೇರ್ಫೂಟೆಡ್ (ಇತ್ತೆ - ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಮೈಕೆಲ್) * ಕಾರ್ಮೆಲೈಟ್ಸ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನನ್ನರಿ, ಬೇರ್ ಫೂಟೆಡ್ (ಇತ್ತೆ - ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಣದ ಚರ್ಚ್) * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಪೂರ್ ಕ್ಲೇರ್ಸ್ (ಇತ್ತೆ – ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಆಫ್ ಸ್ಯಾಕ್ರಲ್ ಬ್ಯಾರೊಕ್ ಸ್ಕಲ್ಪ್ಚರ್) * ಸೈಂಟ್ ಮಾರ್ಟಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ (ಇನಿ – ಬ್ಯಾಪ್ಟಿಸ್ಟ್ ಚರ್ಚ್) * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಟ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ಫಿಗರೇಶನ್ * ಸೈಂಟ್ ಕ್ಯಾಸಿಮಿರ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್ * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೆಂಟ್ಸ್ ಒಲ್ಹಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಎಲಿಜಬೆತ್ * ಪೊಟೊಕಿ ಅರಮನೆ, ಇತ್ತೆ ಬೊರಿಸ್ ವೊಜ್ನಿಟ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಕಲಾ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿ * ಸರಕು ಷೇರು ವಿನಿಮಯ == ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿ == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> == ಉಂದೆನುಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆನ ಪಟ್ಟಿ == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * (in Ukrainian) [http://www.history.org.ua/?l=EHU&verbvar=Lv%B3vsky_arkh%B3tekturny_zapov%B3dnyk&abcvar=15&bbcvar=33 NANU ದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆದ ವೆಬ್ಸೈಟ್ ಡ್ ವಿವರಣೆ] * [http://zik.com.ua/ua/news/2010/05/17/228905 ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಸಡೋವಿನ ಮೇಯರ್ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯೊನು ಸ್ಥಗಿತ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡು ಪನ್ಪೆರ್ (ZIK ಮೇ ೧೭, ೨೦೧೦)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110912024124/http://www.centre7.org.ua/book/export/html/1428 ನಗರ ಸಭೆಗ್ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗೊತ್ತುಜ್ಜಿ (ZIK ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೧, ೨೦೧೧)] * [http://www.sciencebooks-database.info/content/%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA-%D1%83-%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96 ೧೯೭೯ಡ್ ಪ್ರಕಟವಾದ್ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಪುಸ್ತಕದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ] Archived * [https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/865bis.pdf ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಜಾಗೆದ ವಿವರಣೆ] <nowiki> [[ವರ್ಗೊ:Articles with short description]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಂದಿನ ಅನುವಾದೊಲು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಪುಟೊಕುಲು]]</nowiki> 3kq9p22d54eobrtjf7csgpwuprxus8c 366787 366786 2026-08-23T16:58:50Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 366787 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Infobox building | name = ಲ್ವಿವ್‌ದ ಪಳಯ ನಗರ | native_name = Старе місто Львова | native_name_lang = uk | former_names = | alternate_names = | image = Lwów - Widok z wieży ratuszowej 01.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = [[ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಟೌನ್ ಹಾಲ್|ಟೌನ್ ಹಾಲ್]]ದ ಮಿನಾರ್ದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನೋಟೊ; ಮುಂಬಾಗಡ್ [[ಮಾರ್ಕೆಟ್ ಸ್ಕ್ವೇರ್ (ಲ್ವಿವ್)|ಮಾರ್ಕೆಟ್ ಸ್ಕ್ವೇರ್]], ಎಡ್ದ ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆಡ್ [[ಡೊಮಿನಿಕನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಲ್ವಿವ್|ಡೊಮಿನಿಕನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಲತ್ತ [[ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಲ್ವಿವ್|ಅಸಂಪ್ಷನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮೂಹೊ]] ಕಾಣುಂಡ್. <!-- ನಕ್ಷೆ --> | location = ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ | address = [[ಹಾಲಿಟ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, ಲ್ವಿವ್|ಹಾಲಿಟ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ]] | location_city = ಲ್ವಿವ್ | location_country = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | coordinates = {{coord|49|50|30|N|24|01|55|E|display=inline,title}} <!-- ಅಂಕಿಅಂಶೊಲು --> | altitude = | status = | groundbreaking_date = | construction_start_date = | construction_stop_date = | completion_date = | est_completion = | opened_date = ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶ | inauguration_date = | demolished_date = | destruction_date = | architect = | owner = | cost = | floor_area = | floor_count = | embed = | embedded = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | official_name = [[ಲ್ವಿವ್|ಲ್ವಿವ್]] – ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊದ ಸಮೂಹೊ | location = | criteria = ii, v | ID = 865 | year = 1998 | danger = 2023 | child = yes }} | references = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_relief = | building_type = ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ–ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶ | architectural_style = | structural_system = | client = | height = | architectural = | elevator_count = | architecture_firm = | ren_cost = | logo = | logo_size = | logo_caption = | etymology = | classification = | closing_date = | affiliation = | cancelled = | topped_out = | namesake = | material = | size = | grounds_area = | developer = | engineer = | known_for = | website = | footnotes = | image_map = | map_caption = }} '''ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಊರು''' ( Ukrainian ; Polish ) ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ( ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯ ) ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನಗರೊದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರ, 1975ಡ್ ರಾಜ್ಯ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ-ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಮೀಸಲು ಆದ್ ಮಾನ್ಯತೆ ಪಡೆದುಂಡು. == ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ == ೧೯೯೮ಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ವಿಶ್ವಸಂಸ್ಥೆದ ಶೈಕ್ಷಣಿಕ, ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ (ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ) ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ ೩೦೦ ಎಕ್ರೆದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊನು "ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ"ದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಮಲ್ತುದುಂಡು . ೫ ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ ೧೯೯೮ಡ್, ಕ್ಯೋಟೋಡ್ ( [[ಜಪಾನ್]] ) ನಡತಿನ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸಮಿತಿದ ೨೨ನೇ ಅಧಿವೇಶನೊಡು, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ್ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಾಯೆರ್. ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೊ ಅಯಿತ ಆಯ್ಕೆನ್ ವಿವರಿಸಾವುನ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/865|title=L'viv – the Ensemble of the Historic Centre|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|website=[[World Heritage Site]]|date=5 December 1998|accessdate=30 October 2006}}</ref> ಹೇಳಿಕೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು:  <mapframe latitude="49.842023" longitude="24.031219" zoom="6" width="200" height="100"> { "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ 24.03534, 49.838824 ], [ 24.035825, 49.839546 ], [ 24.036443, 49.840362 ], [ 24.036143, 49.840616 ], [ 24.035823, 49.840771 ], [ 24.035655, 49.841103 ], [ 24.035164, 49.842655 ], [ 24.034973, 49.8433 ], [ 24.034418, 49.844704 ], [ 24.033964, 49.844561 ], [ 24.03371, 49.844487 ], [ 24.033182, 49.844429 ], [ 24.031935, 49.844517 ], [ 24.029251, 49.84476 ], [ 24.028432, 49.844751 ], [ 24.028312, 49.844815 ], [ 24.027209, 49.844813 ], [ 24.026866, 49.844784 ], [ 24.026744, 49.844616 ], [ 24.026682, 49.844106 ], [ 24.026857, 49.843702 ], [ 24.027328, 49.843013 ], [ 24.028024, 49.841885 ], [ 24.029181, 49.840019 ], [ 24.029355, 49.839869 ], [ 24.029608, 49.83977 ], [ 24.030135, 49.839629 ], [ 24.030311, 49.839553 ], [ 24.030556, 49.839217 ], [ 24.0307, 49.839091 ], [ 24.032047, 49.839294 ], [ 24.033205, 49.839301 ], [ 24.03534, 49.838824 ] ] ] } } ] } </mapframe>ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಗುಂಪುದ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ನಗರೊದ ರಸ್' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ಭಾಗೊದ {{Convert|120|ha}} ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು, ಅಂಚನೆ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡು ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊನು ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು. ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರದ ಬಫರ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಗಡಿಟ್ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದೆ, ಸುಮಾರ್ {{Convert|3,000|ha}} ಆದುಂಡು. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Lviv in UNESCO|url=http://www.lviv.ua/en/page4417.html|website=www.lviv.ua|accessdate=21 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307223745/http://www.lviv.ua/en/page4417.html|archivedate=7 March 2009}}</ref> == ಫೀಚರ್ಡ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಮಾರ್ಕ್ ಲೆನ ಪಟ್ಟಿ == [[ಫೈಲ್:Cables_Lviv.jpg|thumb| ಬೀದಿಲು]] [[ಫೈಲ್:Lwów_-_Cerkiew_Uspieńska.jpg|right|thumb| ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊಡು 400 ವರ್ಸೊದ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಕೊರ್ನಿಯಕ್ಟ್ ಗೋಪುರ ಉಂಡು.]] [[ಫೈಲ್:Лвов_Галиција.jpg|thumb| ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ ಚೌಕ]] ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆನ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ವಸ್ತುಲೆನ್ ಬುಡ್ದು, ಓಲ್ಡ್ ಸಿಟಿದ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಸುಮಾರ್ 2,007 ಬೇತೆ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಗುರುತುಲು ಉಂಡು, ಅವುಲು 214 ನ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಗುರುತುಲು ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸವೊಲಿ. ; ಪಿಡ್ಜಾಮ್ಚೆ (ಉಪ-ಕೋಟೆ) * ಹೈ ಕ್ಯಾಸಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಿಡ್ಜಾಮ್ಚೆ ನೆರೆಹೊರೆ, ಓಲ್ಡ್ ಮಾರ್ಕೆಟ್ ಸ್ಕ್ವೇರ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ನಗರದ ಮೂಲ ಕೇಂದ್ರ * ಸೈಂಟ್ ನಿಕೋಲಸ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಹಾಲಿಚೈನಾ (ರುಥೇನಿಯನ್) ರಾಜೆರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬದ ಚರ್ಚ್ * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪರಸ್ಕೆವಾ-ಪ್ರಾಕ್ಸೆಡಿಯಾ (ಗುಡ್ ಫ್ರೈಡೆ), ಫೆಡರ್ ಸೆಂಕೊವಿಚ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ 1740 ಇನ್ಕೊನೊಸ್ಟಾಸಿಸ್ ನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಸೈಂಟ್ ಒನುಫ್ರಿಯಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಸಿಲಿಯನ್ ಮಠದ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಲಾಜರ್ ಪಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೊಡೆಸ್ಟ್ ಸೊಸೆಂಕೊನ ಕಲಾಕೃತಿಲೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾನ್ ದಿ ಬ್ಯಾಪ್ಟಿಸ್ಟ್ (ಇನಿ – ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಅವಶೇಷೊಲು), ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ರಾಜೆ ಲಿಯೋನ ಹಂಗೇರಿಯನ್ ಪತ್ನಿಗ್ ಸಮರ್ಪಿಸಾಯಿನವು, ಕಾನ್ಸ್ಟೆನ್ಸ್, ರಾಜೆ ಬೆಲಾ IV ನ ಮಗೆ * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸ್ನೋವಿ ಮೇರಿ (ಇನಿ – ಅವರ್ ಲೇಡಿ ಆಫ್ ಪರ್ಪೆಚುಯಲ್ ಹೆಲ್ಪ್ ಚರ್ಚ್), ನಗರೊದ ಜರ್ಮನ್ ವಸಾಹತುಗಾರೆರೆನ ಚರ್ಚ್ <gallery mode="packed" heights="175"> ಫೈಲ್:Panoramic_view_of_Lviv_center.jpg|alt=Panoramic view of the Old Town with the towers of the Latin Cathedral, Town Hall, Bernardine, Dominican and Assumption (Dormition) churches (left to right)| ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್, ಟೌನ್ ಹಾಲ್, ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡೈನ್, ಡೊಮಿನಿಕನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಸಂಪ್ಶನ್ (ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್) ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆನ ಗೋಪುರೊಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಓಲ್ಡ್ ಟೌನ್ ದ ಪನೋರಮಿಕ್ ದೃಶ್ಯ (ಎಡಡ್ದ್ ಬಲಗ್) ಫೈಲ್:Площа_Ринок_у_травні.jpg|alt=Market Square| ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ ಚೌಕ ಫೈಲ್:WLM_-_2020_-_Вірменський_кафедральний_собор_-_01.jpg|alt=Armenian Cathedral| ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:2019.08.25.1442.04._Львів_пл.Соборна_Церква_св.Андрія.jpg|alt=Bernardine Church| ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಫೈಲ್:Латинський_кафедральний_собор_(Львів)_18.jpg|alt=Latin Cathedral| ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Каплиця_Боїмів._Львів._Рання_весна.JPG|alt=Boim Chapel| ಬೊಯಿಮ್ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Каплиця_Кампіанів_Катедральна_1_Львів_Марія_Павлюк.jpg|alt=Kampian Chapel| ಕಂಪಿಯನ್ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Церква_Успіння_Пресвятої_Богородиці-4,_Львів.jpg|alt=Church of the Assumption| ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ದ ಅಸಂಪ್ಶನ್ ಫೈಲ್:Львовский_трамвай_-_линия.jpg|alt=Tram in an Old Town street| ಒಂಜಿ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಊರುದ ಬೀದಿಡ್ ಟ್ರಾಮ್ ಫೈಲ್:2014K6546_-_Львів.jpg|alt=Saint George's Cathedral| ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Центр_Львова_2.jpg|alt=View of the Old Town from Freedom Avenue| ಫ್ರೀಡಮ್ ಅವೆನ್ಯೂಡ್ದ್ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಊರುದ ನೋಟ ಫೈಲ್:13_Prospekt_Svobody,_Lviv_(03).jpg|alt=Grand Hotel| ಗ್ರ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಹೋಟೆಲ್ </gallery> * ರೈನೊಕ್ (ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ) ಚೌಕದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ರಾಥಾಸ್ (ಮಧ್ಯ) ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿನ್ ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ವಸತಿಲೆನ ಚೌಕ ಪರಿಧಿನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು. * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಅಸಂಪ್ಶನ್ ದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು, ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಬರಿಟ್, ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಆಫ್ ಥ್ರೀ ಪ್ರೀಲೇಟ್ಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೊರ್ನಿಯಾಕ್ಟ್ಸ್ ಟವರ್ ನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು. * ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಬರಿಟ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಗುಂಪು, ಒಂಜಿ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ಟೋಫರ್ ನ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ತಂಭ, ಮಾಜಿ ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ದ ಕಟ್ಟಡ, ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಲೆನ ಅರಮನೆ, ಬೆನೆಡಿಕ್ಟೈನ್ ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಕಾನ್ವೆಂಟ್ ನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು. * ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಮೇರಿ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಪಕ್ಕೊಡು ಬೋಯಿಮ್ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕ್ಯಾಂಪಿಯನ್ಸ್ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಉಂಡು * ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡೈನ್ ಮಠದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು (ಇತ್ತೆ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಆಂಡ್ರ್ಯೂ ಚರ್ಚ್), ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್, ಮಠ, ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ, ರೊಟುಂಡಾ, ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಕೊಲೊನ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಕ್ಷಣಾತ್ಮಕ ಗೋಡೆಲೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು. * ಜೆಸುಯಿಟ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಯಂ ದ ಗುಂಪು * ಡೊಮಿನಿಕನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು (ಇತ್ತೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ದ ಹೋಲಿ ಯುಕ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ಟ್), ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಪಕ್ಕೊಡು ಮಠ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ ಉಂಡು * ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಥಿಯೇಟರ್ ಆಫ್ ಒಪೆರಾ ಅಂಡ್ ಬ್ಯಾಲೆ * ನಗರದ ಕೋಟೆಲು ನಗರೊದ ಆರ್ಸೆನಲ್, ಗನ್ಪೌಡರ್ ಟವರ್, ಟರ್ನರ್ಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರೋಪ್ಮೇಕರ್ಸ್ ಟವರ್, ರಾಯಲ್ ಆರ್ಸೆನಲ್, ಕೆಳ ರಕ್ಷಣಾ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು. * "ಡ್ನಿಸ್ಟರ್" ವಿಮೆ ಕಂಪೆನಿದ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ; ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಯುರಾ (ಸೇಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್) ದಿ ಡ್ರ್ಯಾಗನ್ ಫೈಟರ್ * ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಬರಿಟ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ಸ್ ಪ್ಯಾಲೇಸ್, ಕ್ಯಾಪಿಟುಲರ್ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಲು, ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗೇಟ್ ಲೆನ ಬೇಲಿ (ಮಾರ್ಕೆಟ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಿಟಿ) ಉಂಡು ; ನ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಊರುದ ಗುರುತುಲು,ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ತಾಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಅತ್ತ್ * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಕಾರ್ಮೆಲೈಟ್ಸ್, ದಿ ಬೇರ್ಫೂಟೆಡ್ (ಇತ್ತೆ - ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಮೈಕೆಲ್) * ಕಾರ್ಮೆಲೈಟ್ಸ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನನ್ನರಿ, ಬೇರ್ ಫೂಟೆಡ್ (ಇತ್ತೆ - ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಣದ ಚರ್ಚ್) * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಪೂರ್ ಕ್ಲೇರ್ಸ್ (ಇತ್ತೆ – ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಆಫ್ ಸ್ಯಾಕ್ರಲ್ ಬ್ಯಾರೊಕ್ ಸ್ಕಲ್ಪ್ಚರ್) * ಸೈಂಟ್ ಮಾರ್ಟಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ (ಇನಿ – ಬ್ಯಾಪ್ಟಿಸ್ಟ್ ಚರ್ಚ್) * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಟ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ಫಿಗರೇಶನ್ * ಸೈಂಟ್ ಕ್ಯಾಸಿಮಿರ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್ * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೆಂಟ್ಸ್ ಒಲ್ಹಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಎಲಿಜಬೆತ್ * ಪೊಟೊಕಿ ಅರಮನೆ, ಇತ್ತೆ ಬೊರಿಸ್ ವೊಜ್ನಿಟ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಕಲಾ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿ * ಸರಕು ಷೇರು ವಿನಿಮಯ == ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿ == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> == ಉಂದೆನುಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆನ ಪಟ್ಟಿ == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * (in Ukrainian) [http://www.history.org.ua/?l=EHU&verbvar=Lv%B3vsky_arkh%B3tekturny_zapov%B3dnyk&abcvar=15&bbcvar=33 NANU ದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆದ ವೆಬ್ಸೈಟ್ ಡ್ ವಿವರಣೆ] * [http://zik.com.ua/ua/news/2010/05/17/228905 ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಸಡೋವಿನ ಮೇಯರ್ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯೊನು ಸ್ಥಗಿತ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡು ಪನ್ಪೆರ್ (ZIK ಮೇ ೧೭, ೨೦೧೦)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110912024124/http://www.centre7.org.ua/book/export/html/1428 ನಗರ ಸಭೆಗ್ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗೊತ್ತುಜ್ಜಿ (ZIK ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೧, ೨೦೧೧)] * [http://www.sciencebooks-database.info/content/%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA-%D1%83-%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96 ೧೯೭೯ಡ್ ಪ್ರಕಟವಾದ್ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಪುಸ್ತಕದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ] Archived * [https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/865bis.pdf ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಜಾಗೆದ ವಿವರಣೆ] <nowiki> [[ವರ್ಗೊ:Articles with short description]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಂದಿನ ಅನುವಾದೊಲು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಪುಟೊಕುಲು]]</nowiki> ia4ptvhepufkshu63i11heremwlt4wi 0 28162 366789 2026-08-23T17:01:37Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 ಹೊಸ ಪುಟ:  {{Infobox building | name = ಲ್ವಿವ್‌ದ ಪಳಯ ನಗರ | native_name = Старе місто Львова | native_name_lang = uk | former_names = | alternate_names = | image = Lwów - Widok z wieży ratuszowej 01.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = [[ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಟೌನ್ ಹಾಲ್|ಟೌನ್ ಹಾಲ್]]ದ ಮಿನಾರ್ದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನೋಟೊ; ಮುಂಬಾಗಡ್ ... 366789 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Infobox building | name = ಲ್ವಿವ್‌ದ ಪಳಯ ನಗರ | native_name = Старе місто Львова | native_name_lang = uk | former_names = | alternate_names = | image = Lwów - Widok z wieży ratuszowej 01.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = [[ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಟೌನ್ ಹಾಲ್|ಟೌನ್ ಹಾಲ್]]ದ ಮಿನಾರ್ದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನೋಟೊ; ಮುಂಬಾಗಡ್ [[ಮಾರ್ಕೆಟ್ ಸ್ಕ್ವೇರ್ (ಲ್ವಿವ್)|ಮಾರ್ಕೆಟ್ ಸ್ಕ್ವೇರ್]], ಎಡ್ದ ಹಿನ್ನೆಲೆಡ್ [[ಡೊಮಿನಿಕನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಲ್ವಿವ್|ಡೊಮಿನಿಕನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್]] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಲತ್ತ [[ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಲ್ವಿವ್|ಅಸಂಪ್ಷನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮೂಹೊ]] ಕಾಣುಂಡ್. <!-- ನಕ್ಷೆ --> | location = ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ | address = [[ಹಾಲಿಟ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, ಲ್ವಿವ್|ಹಾಲಿಟ್ಸ್ಕ್ಯಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ]] | location_city = ಲ್ವಿವ್ | location_country = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | coordinates = {{coord|49|50|30|N|24|01|55|E|display=inline,title}} <!-- ಅಂಕಿಅಂಶೊಲು --> | altitude = | status = | groundbreaking_date = | construction_start_date = | construction_stop_date = | completion_date = | est_completion = | opened_date = ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶ | inauguration_date = | demolished_date = | destruction_date = | architect = | owner = | cost = | floor_area = | floor_count = | embed = | embedded = {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | official_name = [[ಲ್ವಿವ್|ಲ್ವಿವ್]] – ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊದ ಸಮೂಹೊ | location = | criteria = ii, v | ID = 865 | year = 1998 | danger = 2023 | child = yes }} | references = | pushpin_map = | pushpin_relief = | building_type = ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ–ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಿತ ಪ್ರದೇಶ | architectural_style = | structural_system = | client = | height = | architectural = | elevator_count = | architecture_firm = | ren_cost = | logo = | logo_size = | logo_caption = | etymology = | classification = | closing_date = | affiliation = | cancelled = | topped_out = | namesake = | material = | size = | grounds_area = | developer = | engineer = | known_for = | website = | footnotes = | image_map = | map_caption = }} '''ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಊರು''' ( Ukrainian ; Polish ) ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ( ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯ ) ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನಗರೊದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರ, 1975ಡ್ ರಾಜ್ಯ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ-ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಮೀಸಲು ಆದ್ ಮಾನ್ಯತೆ ಪಡೆದುಂಡು. == ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ == ೧೯೯೮ಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ವಿಶ್ವಸಂಸ್ಥೆದ ಶೈಕ್ಷಣಿಕ, ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ (ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ) ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ ೩೦೦ ಎಕ್ರೆದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊನು "ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ"ದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಮಲ್ತುದುಂಡು . ೫ ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ ೧೯೯೮ಡ್, ಕ್ಯೋಟೋಡ್ ( [[ಜಪಾನ್]] ) ನಡತಿನ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸಮಿತಿದ ೨೨ನೇ ಅಧಿವೇಶನೊಡು, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ್ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಾಯೆರ್. ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೊ ಅಯಿತ ಆಯ್ಕೆನ್ ವಿವರಿಸಾವುನ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/865|title=L'viv – the Ensemble of the Historic Centre|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|website=[[World Heritage Site]]|date=5 December 1998|accessdate=30 October 2006}}</ref> ಹೇಳಿಕೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು:  <mapframe latitude="49.842023" longitude="24.031219" zoom="6" width="200" height="100"> { "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [ [ [ 24.03534, 49.838824 ], [ 24.035825, 49.839546 ], [ 24.036443, 49.840362 ], [ 24.036143, 49.840616 ], [ 24.035823, 49.840771 ], [ 24.035655, 49.841103 ], [ 24.035164, 49.842655 ], [ 24.034973, 49.8433 ], [ 24.034418, 49.844704 ], [ 24.033964, 49.844561 ], [ 24.03371, 49.844487 ], [ 24.033182, 49.844429 ], [ 24.031935, 49.844517 ], [ 24.029251, 49.84476 ], [ 24.028432, 49.844751 ], [ 24.028312, 49.844815 ], [ 24.027209, 49.844813 ], [ 24.026866, 49.844784 ], [ 24.026744, 49.844616 ], [ 24.026682, 49.844106 ], [ 24.026857, 49.843702 ], [ 24.027328, 49.843013 ], [ 24.028024, 49.841885 ], [ 24.029181, 49.840019 ], [ 24.029355, 49.839869 ], [ 24.029608, 49.83977 ], [ 24.030135, 49.839629 ], [ 24.030311, 49.839553 ], [ 24.030556, 49.839217 ], [ 24.0307, 49.839091 ], [ 24.032047, 49.839294 ], [ 24.033205, 49.839301 ], [ 24.03534, 49.838824 ] ] ] } } ] } </mapframe>ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಗುಂಪುದ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ನಗರೊದ ರಸ್' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಧ್ಯಕಾಲೀನ ಭಾಗೊದ {{Convert|120|ha}} ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು, ಅಂಚನೆ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡು ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊನು ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು. ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರದ ಬಫರ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶ, ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಗಡಿಟ್ ವ್ಯಾಖ್ಯಾನಿಸಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದೆ, ಸುಮಾರ್ {{Convert|3,000|ha}} ಆದುಂಡು. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Lviv in UNESCO|url=http://www.lviv.ua/en/page4417.html|website=www.lviv.ua|accessdate=21 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090307223745/http://www.lviv.ua/en/page4417.html|archivedate=7 March 2009}}</ref> == ಫೀಚರ್ಡ್ ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಮಾರ್ಕ್ ಲೆನ ಪಟ್ಟಿ == [[ಫೈಲ್:Cables_Lviv.jpg|thumb| ಬೀದಿಲು]] [[ಫೈಲ್:Lwów_-_Cerkiew_Uspieńska.jpg|right|thumb| ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಸಂಕೀರ್ಣೊಡು 400 ವರ್ಸೊದ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಕೊರ್ನಿಯಕ್ಟ್ ಗೋಪುರ ಉಂಡು.]] [[ಫೈಲ್:Лвов_Галиција.jpg|thumb| ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ ಚೌಕ]] ಮೂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆನ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ವಸ್ತುಲೆನ್ ಬುಡ್ದು, ಓಲ್ಡ್ ಸಿಟಿದ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಸುಮಾರ್ 2,007 ಬೇತೆ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಗುರುತುಲು ಉಂಡು, ಅವುಲು 214 ನ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಗುರುತುಲು ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸವೊಲಿ. ; ಪಿಡ್ಜಾಮ್ಚೆ (ಉಪ-ಕೋಟೆ) * ಹೈ ಕ್ಯಾಸಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಿಡ್ಜಾಮ್ಚೆ ನೆರೆಹೊರೆ, ಓಲ್ಡ್ ಮಾರ್ಕೆಟ್ ಸ್ಕ್ವೇರ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ನಗರದ ಮೂಲ ಕೇಂದ್ರ * ಸೈಂಟ್ ನಿಕೋಲಸ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಹಾಲಿಚೈನಾ (ರುಥೇನಿಯನ್) ರಾಜೆರೆನ ಕುಟುಂಬದ ಚರ್ಚ್ * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಪರಸ್ಕೆವಾ-ಪ್ರಾಕ್ಸೆಡಿಯಾ (ಗುಡ್ ಫ್ರೈಡೆ), ಫೆಡರ್ ಸೆಂಕೊವಿಚ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ 1740 ಇನ್ಕೊನೊಸ್ಟಾಸಿಸ್ ನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಸೈಂಟ್ ಒನುಫ್ರಿಯಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಸಿಲಿಯನ್ ಮಠದ ಚರ್ಚ್, ಲಾಜರ್ ಪಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೊಡೆಸ್ಟ್ ಸೊಸೆಂಕೊನ ಕಲಾಕೃತಿಲೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾನ್ ದಿ ಬ್ಯಾಪ್ಟಿಸ್ಟ್ (ಇನಿ – ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಅವಶೇಷೊಲು), ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್ ರಾಜೆ ಲಿಯೋನ ಹಂಗೇರಿಯನ್ ಪತ್ನಿಗ್ ಸಮರ್ಪಿಸಾಯಿನವು, ಕಾನ್ಸ್ಟೆನ್ಸ್, ರಾಜೆ ಬೆಲಾ IV ನ ಮಗೆ * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸ್ನೋವಿ ಮೇರಿ (ಇನಿ – ಅವರ್ ಲೇಡಿ ಆಫ್ ಪರ್ಪೆಚುಯಲ್ ಹೆಲ್ಪ್ ಚರ್ಚ್), ನಗರೊದ ಜರ್ಮನ್ ವಸಾಹತುಗಾರೆರೆನ ಚರ್ಚ್ <gallery mode="packed" heights="175"> ಫೈಲ್:Panoramic_view_of_Lviv_center.jpg|alt=Panoramic view of the Old Town with the towers of the Latin Cathedral, Town Hall, Bernardine, Dominican and Assumption (Dormition) churches (left to right)| ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್, ಟೌನ್ ಹಾಲ್, ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡೈನ್, ಡೊಮಿನಿಕನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಸಂಪ್ಶನ್ (ಡಾರ್ಮಿಷನ್) ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆನ ಗೋಪುರೊಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಓಲ್ಡ್ ಟೌನ್ ದ ಪನೋರಮಿಕ್ ದೃಶ್ಯ (ಎಡಡ್ದ್ ಬಲಗ್) ಫೈಲ್:Площа_Ринок_у_травні.jpg|alt=Market Square| ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ ಚೌಕ ಫೈಲ್:WLM_-_2020_-_Вірменський_кафедральний_собор_-_01.jpg|alt=Armenian Cathedral| ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:2019.08.25.1442.04._Львів_пл.Соборна_Церква_св.Андрія.jpg|alt=Bernardine Church| ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಫೈಲ್:Латинський_кафедральний_собор_(Львів)_18.jpg|alt=Latin Cathedral| ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Каплиця_Боїмів._Львів._Рання_весна.JPG|alt=Boim Chapel| ಬೊಯಿಮ್ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Каплиця_Кампіанів_Катедральна_1_Львів_Марія_Павлюк.jpg|alt=Kampian Chapel| ಕಂಪಿಯನ್ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Церква_Успіння_Пресвятої_Богородиці-4,_Львів.jpg|alt=Church of the Assumption| ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ದ ಅಸಂಪ್ಶನ್ ಫೈಲ್:Львовский_трамвай_-_линия.jpg|alt=Tram in an Old Town street| ಒಂಜಿ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಊರುದ ಬೀದಿಡ್ ಟ್ರಾಮ್ ಫೈಲ್:2014K6546_-_Львів.jpg|alt=Saint George's Cathedral| ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Центр_Львова_2.jpg|alt=View of the Old Town from Freedom Avenue| ಫ್ರೀಡಮ್ ಅವೆನ್ಯೂಡ್ದ್ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಊರುದ ನೋಟ ಫೈಲ್:13_Prospekt_Svobody,_Lviv_(03).jpg|alt=Grand Hotel| ಗ್ರ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಹೋಟೆಲ್ </gallery> * ರೈನೊಕ್ (ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ) ಚೌಕದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ರಾಥಾಸ್ (ಮಧ್ಯ) ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿನ್ ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ವಸತಿಲೆನ ಚೌಕ ಪರಿಧಿನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು. * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಅಸಂಪ್ಶನ್ ದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು, ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಬರಿಟ್, ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಆಫ್ ಥ್ರೀ ಪ್ರೀಲೇಟ್ಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೊರ್ನಿಯಾಕ್ಟ್ಸ್ ಟವರ್ ನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು. * ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಬರಿಟ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಗುಂಪು, ಒಂಜಿ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಕ್ರಿಸ್ಟೋಫರ್ ನ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆದೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ತಂಭ, ಮಾಜಿ ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ದ ಕಟ್ಟಡ, ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಲೆನ ಅರಮನೆ, ಬೆನೆಡಿಕ್ಟೈನ್ ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್ ಕಾನ್ವೆಂಟ್ ನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು. * ಲ್ಯಾಟಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಮೇರಿ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಪಕ್ಕೊಡು ಬೋಯಿಮ್ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕ್ಯಾಂಪಿಯನ್ಸ್ ಚಾಪೆಲ್ ಉಂಡು * ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡೈನ್ ಮಠದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು (ಇತ್ತೆ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಆಂಡ್ರ್ಯೂ ಚರ್ಚ್), ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್, ಮಠ, ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ, ರೊಟುಂಡಾ, ಅಲಂಕಾರಿಕ ಕೊಲೊನ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಕ್ಷಣಾತ್ಮಕ ಗೋಡೆಲೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು. * ಜೆಸುಯಿಟ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾಲೇಜಿಯಂ ದ ಗುಂಪು * ಡೊಮಿನಿಕನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು (ಇತ್ತೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ದ ಹೋಲಿ ಯುಕ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ಟ್), ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಪಕ್ಕೊಡು ಮಠ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ ಉಂಡು * ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಥಿಯೇಟರ್ ಆಫ್ ಒಪೆರಾ ಅಂಡ್ ಬ್ಯಾಲೆ * ನಗರದ ಕೋಟೆಲು ನಗರೊದ ಆರ್ಸೆನಲ್, ಗನ್ಪೌಡರ್ ಟವರ್, ಟರ್ನರ್ಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರೋಪ್ಮೇಕರ್ಸ್ ಟವರ್, ರಾಯಲ್ ಆರ್ಸೆನಲ್, ಕೆಳ ರಕ್ಷಣಾ ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು. * "ಡ್ನಿಸ್ಟರ್" ವಿಮೆ ಕಂಪೆನಿದ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ; ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಯುರಾ (ಸೇಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್) ದಿ ಡ್ರ್ಯಾಗನ್ ಫೈಟರ್ * ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಬರಿಟ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ಸ್ ಪ್ಯಾಲೇಸ್, ಕ್ಯಾಪಿಟುಲರ್ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಲು, ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗೇಟ್ ಲೆನ ಬೇಲಿ (ಮಾರ್ಕೆಟ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಿಟಿ) ಉಂಡು ; ನ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಊರುದ ಗುರುತುಲು,ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ತಾಣೊದ ಭಾಗ ಅತ್ತ್ * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಕಾರ್ಮೆಲೈಟ್ಸ್, ದಿ ಬೇರ್ಫೂಟೆಡ್ (ಇತ್ತೆ - ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಮೈಕೆಲ್) * ಕಾರ್ಮೆಲೈಟ್ಸ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನನ್ನರಿ, ಬೇರ್ ಫೂಟೆಡ್ (ಇತ್ತೆ - ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಣದ ಚರ್ಚ್) * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಪೂರ್ ಕ್ಲೇರ್ಸ್ (ಇತ್ತೆ – ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಆಫ್ ಸ್ಯಾಕ್ರಲ್ ಬ್ಯಾರೊಕ್ ಸ್ಕಲ್ಪ್ಚರ್) * ಸೈಂಟ್ ಮಾರ್ಟಿನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ (ಇನಿ – ಬ್ಯಾಪ್ಟಿಸ್ಟ್ ಚರ್ಚ್) * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಟ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ಫಿಗರೇಶನ್ * ಸೈಂಟ್ ಕ್ಯಾಸಿಮಿರ್ ನ ಚರ್ಚ್ * ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಫ್ ಸೆಂಟ್ಸ್ ಒಲ್ಹಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಎಲಿಜಬೆತ್ * ಪೊಟೊಕಿ ಅರಮನೆ, ಇತ್ತೆ ಬೊರಿಸ್ ವೊಜ್ನಿಟ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಕಲಾ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿ * ಸರಕು ಷೇರು ವಿನಿಮಯ == ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿ == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> == ಉಂದೆನುಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮೀಸಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆನ ಪಟ್ಟಿ == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲು == * (in Ukrainian) [http://www.history.org.ua/?l=EHU&verbvar=Lv%B3vsky_arkh%B3tekturny_zapov%B3dnyk&abcvar=15&bbcvar=33 NANU ದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆದ ವೆಬ್ಸೈಟ್ ಡ್ ವಿವರಣೆ] * [http://zik.com.ua/ua/news/2010/05/17/228905 ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಸಡೋವಿನ ಮೇಯರ್ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯೊನು ಸ್ಥಗಿತ ಮಲ್ಪೊಡು ಪನ್ಪೆರ್ (ZIK ಮೇ ೧೭, ೨೦೧೦)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110912024124/http://www.centre7.org.ua/book/export/html/1428 ನಗರ ಸಭೆಗ್ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಗೊತ್ತುಜ್ಜಿ (ZIK ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೧, ೨೦೧೧)] * [http://www.sciencebooks-database.info/content/%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9-%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA-%D1%83-%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96 ೧೯೭೯ಡ್ ಪ್ರಕಟವಾದ್ ಅಭಯಾರಣ್ಯದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಪುಸ್ತಕದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ] Archived * [https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/865bis.pdf ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಜಾಗೆದ ವಿವರಣೆ] <nowiki> [[ವರ್ಗೊ:Articles with short description]] [[ವರ್ಗೊ:ಪರಿಶೀಲಿಸಂದಿನ ಅನುವಾದೊಲು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಪುಟೊಕುಲು]]</nowiki> ia4ptvhepufkshu63i11heremwlt4wi 828 28163 366805 2026-08-24T03:04:43Z A826 4610 ಹೊಸ ಪುಟ: --[[ Module:MangaloreTopicsTable Usage: {{#invoke:MangaloreTopicsTable|table}} This module generates a language availability table for Mangalore-related topics. It uses hardcoded data for the table structure and language availability. ]] local p = {} -- Define the languages to display in the table local languages = { {code = 'tcy', name = 'ತುಳು'}, {code = 'kn', name = 'ಕನ್ನಡ'}, {code = 'en', name = 'English'} } -- Define the... 366805 Scribunto text/plain --[[ Module:MangaloreTopicsTable Usage: {{#invoke:MangaloreTopicsTable|table}} This module generates a language availability table for Mangalore-related topics. It uses hardcoded data for the table structure and language availability. ]] local p = {} -- Define the languages to display in the table local languages = { {code = 'tcy', name = 'ತುಳು'}, {code = 'kn', name = 'ಕನ್ನಡ'}, {code = 'en', name = 'English'} } -- Define the topics with their Wikidata QIDs and language availability -- Format: {title, qid, {tcy, kn, ml, hi, te, ta, en}} -- "1" means article exists, "0" means doesn't exist local topics = { -- Cuisine topics from Category:Mangalorean cuisine {'Mangalorean cuisine', 'Q6749083', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Kori rotti', 'Q6432395', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Neer dosa', 'Q6986903', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Chicken ghee roast', 'Q5096018', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kane fry', 'Q6361936', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, -- Add more topics from the categories -- Culture topics from Category:Culture of Mangalore {'Yakshagana', 'Q8047325', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Tulu cinema', 'Q17011300', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Mangalore Dasara', 'Q6749081', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, -- Add more topics -- Notable people (example entries) {'Aishwarya Rai Bachchan', 'Q37084', {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1}}, {'Anant Nag', 'Q4751700', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, -- Add more people from the categories } -- Function to create the language navigation bar local function createLanguagePicker() local picker = {'<div style="margin: 1em 0; padding: 0.5em; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px;">'} picker[#picker + 1] = '<strong>Find your language:</strong> ' local links = {} for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local anchor = 'kcm-col-' .. lang.code links[#links + 1] = '[[#' .. anchor .. '|' .. lang.name .. ']]' end picker[#picker + 1] = table.concat(links, ' | ') picker[#picker + 1] = '</div>' return table.concat(picker) end -- Function to create the table header local function createTableHeader() local header = { '{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%;"', '|+ Mangalore Topics - Language Availability', '! №', '! style="width: 20%;" | Article', } -- Add language columns with IDs for anchoring for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local id = ' id="kcm-col-' .. lang.code .. '"' local title = ' title="' .. lang.name .. ' (' .. lang.code .. ')"' header[#header + 1] = '!' .. id .. title .. ' | ' .. lang.code end header[#header + 1] = '! Σ' header[#header + 1] = '! Wikidata' return table.concat(header, '\n') end -- Function to create a table row for a topic local function createTopicRow(index, topic) local title = topic[1] local qid = topic[2] local availability = topic[3] -- Calculate sum of available languages local sum = 0 for _, value in ipairs(availability) do sum = sum + value end -- Build the row local row = { '\n|-', '| ' .. index, '| [[' .. title .. ']]', } -- Add language cells for _, value in ipairs(availability) do if value == 1 then row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #d4f4d4; text-align: center;" | +' else row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end end row[#row + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. sum row[#row + 1] = '| [[d:' .. qid .. '|' .. qid .. ']]' return table.concat(row, '\n') end -- Function to create the table footer with statistics local function createTableFooter() local totalTopics = #topics if totalTopics == 0 then return '\n|-\n| colspan="12" style="text-align: center;" | No topics available' end -- Calculate column sums local colSums = {} for i = 1, #languages do colSums[i] = 0 end local totalSum = 0 for _, topic in ipairs(topics) do local availability = topic[3] for i, value in ipairs(availability) do colSums[i] = colSums[i] + value totalSum = totalSum + value end end -- Create footer row local footer = { '\n|- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f0f0f0;"', '| colspan="2" | Σ', } for _, sum in ipairs(colSums) do footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. sum end -- Calculate coverage percentage local totalPossible = totalTopics * #languages local percentage = 0 if totalPossible > 0 then percentage = math.floor((totalSum / totalPossible) * 100 + 0.5) end footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. totalSum footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. percentage .. '%' return table.concat(footer, '\n') end -- Main function to render the complete table function p.table(frame) local result = {} -- Add language picker result[#result + 1] = createLanguagePicker() -- Start the table result[#result + 1] = createTableHeader() -- Add topic rows for index, topic in ipairs(topics) do result[#result + 1] = createTopicRow(index, topic) end -- Add footer result[#result + 1] = createTableFooter() -- Close the table result[#result + 1] = '\n|}' -- Add notes section result[#result + 1] = [[ <div style="margin-top: 1em; padding: 0.5em; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 90%;"> <strong>Notes:</strong> <ul> <li>+ = Article exists in that language Wikipedia</li> <li>− = Article does not exist</li> <li>Click on Wikidata IDs to view/ edit the item</li> <li>Data is based on current Wikipedia article availability</li> </ul> </div> ]] return table.concat(result, '\n') end -- Helper function to update topic data dynamically from Wikidata -- This is optional and can be used to fetch data in real-time function p.updateFromWikidata(frame) -- This function would use mw.wikibase.getEntityObject to fetch data -- But for simplicity, we're using hardcoded data -- You can implement this to fetch data dynamically return p.table(frame) end return p o6vp3fqe5ncd1gtrtq1uz6fb7xu1v8o 366806 366805 2026-08-24T03:05:57Z A826 4610 366806 Scribunto text/plain --[[ Module:MangaloreTopicsTable Usage: {{#invoke:MangaloreTopicsTable|table}} This module generates a language availability table for Mangalore-related topics. It uses hardcoded data for the table structure and language availability. ]] local p = {} -- Define the languages to display in the table local languages = { {code = 'tcy', name = 'ತುಳು'}, {code = 'kn', name = 'ಕನ್ನಡ'}, {code = 'ml', name = 'മലയാളം'}, {code = 'hi', name = 'हिन्दी'}, {code = 'te', name = 'తెలుగు'}, {code = 'ta', name = 'தமிழ்'}, {code = 'en', name = 'English'} } -- Define the topics with their Wikidata QIDs and language availability -- Format: {title, qid, {tcy, kn, ml, hi, te, ta, en}} -- "1" means article exists, "0" means doesn't exist local topics = { -- Cuisine topics from Category:Mangalorean cuisine {'Mangalorean cuisine', 'Q6749083', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Kori rotti', 'Q6432395', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Neer dosa', 'Q6986903', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Chicken ghee roast', 'Q5096018', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kane fry', 'Q6361936', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, -- Culture topics from Category:Culture of Mangalore {'Yakshagana', 'Q8047325', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Tulu cinema', 'Q17011300', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Mangalore Dasara', 'Q6749081', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, -- Notable people (example entries) {'Aishwarya Rai Bachchan', 'Q37084', {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1}}, {'Anant Nag', 'Q4751700', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, } -- Function to create the language navigation bar local function createLanguagePicker() local picker = {'<div style="margin: 1em 0; padding: 0.5em; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px;">'} picker[#picker + 1] = '<strong>Find your language:</strong> ' local links = {} for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local anchor = 'kcm-col-' .. lang.code links[#links + 1] = '[[#' .. anchor .. '|' .. lang.name .. ']]' end picker[#picker + 1] = table.concat(links, ' | ') picker[#picker + 1] = '</div>' return table.concat(picker) end -- Function to create the table header local function createTableHeader() local header = { '{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%;"', '|+ Mangalore Topics - Language Availability', '! №', '! style="width: 20%;" | Article', } -- Add language columns with IDs for anchoring for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local id = ' id="kcm-col-' .. lang.code .. '"' local title = ' title="' .. lang.name .. ' (' .. lang.code .. ')"' header[#header + 1] = '!' .. id .. title .. ' | ' .. lang.code end header[#header + 1] = '! Σ' header[#header + 1] = '! Wikidata' return table.concat(header, '\n') end -- Function to create a table row for a topic local function createTopicRow(index, topic) local title = topic[1] local qid = topic[2] local availability = topic[3] -- Calculate sum of available languages local sum = 0 if availability then for _, value in ipairs(availability) do if type(value) == 'number' then sum = sum + value end end end -- Build the row local row = { '\n|-', '| ' .. index, '| [[' .. title .. ']]', } -- Add language cells if availability then for _, value in ipairs(availability) do if value == 1 then row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #d4f4d4; text-align: center;" | +' else row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end end else -- If no availability data, show all as missing for _ = 1, #languages do row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end end row[#row + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. sum row[#row + 1] = '| [[d:' .. qid .. '|' .. qid .. ']]' return table.concat(row, '\n') end -- Function to create the table footer with statistics local function createTableFooter() local totalTopics = #topics if totalTopics == 0 then return '\n|-\n| colspan="12" style="text-align: center;" | No topics available' end -- Calculate column sums local colSums = {} for i = 1, #languages do colSums[i] = 0 end local totalSum = 0 for _, topic in ipairs(topics) do local availability = topic[3] if availability then for i, value in ipairs(availability) do if type(value) == 'number' and i <= #languages then colSums[i] = (colSums[i] or 0) + value totalSum = totalSum + value end end end end -- Create footer row local footer = { '\n|- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f0f0f0;"', '| colspan="2" | Σ', } for i = 1, #languages do footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. (colSums[i] or 0) end -- Calculate coverage percentage local totalPossible = totalTopics * #languages local percentage = 0 if totalPossible > 0 then percentage = math.floor((totalSum / totalPossible) * 100 + 0.5) end footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. totalSum footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. percentage .. '%' return table.concat(footer, '\n') end -- Main function to render the complete table function p.table(frame) local result = {} -- Add language picker result[#result + 1] = createLanguagePicker() -- Start the table result[#result + 1] = createTableHeader() -- Add topic rows for index, topic in ipairs(topics) do result[#result + 1] = createTopicRow(index, topic) end -- Add footer result[#result + 1] = createTableFooter() -- Close the table result[#result + 1] = '\n|}' -- Add notes section result[#result + 1] = [[ <div style="margin-top: 1em; padding: 0.5em; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 90%;"> <strong>Notes:</strong> <ul> <li>+ = Article exists in that language Wikipedia</li> <li>− = Article does not exist</li> <li>Click on Wikidata IDs to view/edit the item</li> <li>Data is based on current Wikipedia article availability</li> </ul> </div> ]] return table.concat(result, '\n') end -- Helper function to update topic data dynamically from Wikidata -- This is optional and can be used to fetch data in real-time function p.updateFromWikidata(frame) -- This function would use mw.wikibase.getEntityObject to fetch data -- But for simplicity, we're using hardcoded data -- You can implement this to fetch data dynamically return p.table(frame) end return p chv7ibqlsb3y6gssn6dqbtcanng9fhg 366809 366806 2026-08-24T03:14:53Z A826 4610 366809 Scribunto text/plain --[[ Module:MangaloreTopicsTable Usage: {{#invoke:MangaloreTopicsTable|table}} This module generates a language availability table for Mangalore-related topics including villages from Dakshina Kannada and Kasaragod districts. ]] local p = {} -- Define the languages to display in the table local languages = { {code = 'tcy', name = 'ತುಳು'}, {code = 'kn', name = 'ಕನ್ನಡ'}, {code = 'ml', name = 'മലയാളം'}, {code = 'hi', name = 'हिन्दी'}, {code = 'te', name = 'తెలుగు'}, {code = 'ta', name = 'தமிழ்'}, {code = 'en', name = 'English'} } -- Village data from Wiki Loves Village 2026 -- Format: {title, qid, district, {tcy, kn, ml, hi, te, ta, en}} -- Note: These are sample entries. The full list can be extracted from the URLs provided. local villageData = { -- Dakshina Kannada District Villages (from Q950571) -- These villages currently have NO Tulu article (tcy = 0) {'Mangalore', 'Q33481', 'Dakshina Kannada', {1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Ullal', 'Q2723023', 'Dakshina Kannada', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Moodabidri', 'Q2732800', 'Dakshina Kannada', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Karkala', 'Q1648729', 'Dakshina Kannada', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Sullia', 'Q2723022', 'Dakshina Kannada', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Puttur', 'Q2723021', 'Dakshina Kannada', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Bantwal', 'Q2723018', 'Dakshina Kannada', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Belthangady', 'Q2723019', 'Dakshina Kannada', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Kadaba', 'Q6345527', 'Dakshina Kannada', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Vittal', 'Q7937045', 'Dakshina Kannada', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, -- Kasaragod District Villages (from Q1419703) -- These villages currently have NO Tulu article (tcy = 0) {'Kasaragod', 'Q856063', 'Kasaragod', {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Kanhangad', 'Q2568981', 'Kasaragod', {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Nileshwar', 'Q2722476', 'Kasaragod', {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Manjeshwar', 'Q2347371', 'Kasaragod', {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Bekal', 'Q4881426', 'Kasaragod', {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Cheruvathur', 'Q5092439', 'Kasaragod', {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kumbla', 'Q6443662', 'Kasaragod', {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mulleria', 'Q6934155', 'Kasaragod', {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Parappa', 'Q7135695', 'Kasaragod', {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Panathur', 'Q7130196', 'Kasaragod', {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, } -- Other Mangalore topics (cuisine, culture, people) local topicData = { -- Cuisine {'Mangalorean cuisine', 'Q6749083', '', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Kori rotti', 'Q6432395', '', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Neer dosa', 'Q6986903', '', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Chicken ghee roast', 'Q5096018', '', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kane fry', 'Q6361936', '', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, -- Culture {'Yakshagana', 'Q8047325', '', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Tulu cinema', 'Q17011300', '', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, {'Mangalore Dasara', 'Q6749081', '', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, -- Notable people {'Aishwarya Rai Bachchan', 'Q37084', '', {0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1}}, {'Anant Nag', 'Q4751700', '', {0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1}}, } -- Combine all data local allTopics = {} for _, topic in ipairs(topicData) do table.insert(allTopics, topic) end for _, village in ipairs(villageData) do table.insert(allTopics, village) end -- Function to create the language navigation bar local function createLanguagePicker() local picker = {'<div style="margin: 1em 0; padding: 0.5em; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px;">'} picker[#picker + 1] = '<strong>Find your language:</strong> ' local links = {} for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local anchor = 'kcm-col-' .. lang.code links[#links + 1] = '[[#' .. anchor .. '|' .. lang.name .. ']]' end picker[#picker + 1] = table.concat(links, ' | ') picker[#picker + 1] = '</div>' return table.concat(picker) end -- Function to create the table header local function createTableHeader() local header = { '{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%;"', '|+ Mangalore Topics and Villages - Language Availability', '! №', '! style="width: 18%;" | Article', '! style="width: 12%;" | District/Type', } -- Add language columns with IDs for anchoring for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local id = ' id="kcm-col-' .. lang.code .. '"' local title = ' title="' .. lang.name .. ' (' .. lang.code .. ')"' header[#header + 1] = '!' .. id .. title .. ' | ' .. lang.code end header[#header + 1] = '! Σ' header[#header + 1] = '! Wikidata' return table.concat(header, '\n') end -- Function to create a table row for a topic local function createTopicRow(index, topic) local title = topic[1] local qid = topic[2] local category = topic[3] or 'General' local availability = topic[4] -- Calculate sum of available languages local sum = 0 if availability then for _, value in ipairs(availability) do if type(value) == 'number' then sum = sum + value end end end -- Build the row local row = { '\n|-', '| ' .. index, '| [[' .. title .. ']]', '| ' .. category, } -- Add language cells if availability then for _, value in ipairs(availability) do if value == 1 then row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #d4f4d4; text-align: center;" | +' else row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end end else -- If no availability data, show all as missing for _ = 1, #languages do row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end end row[#row + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. sum row[#row + 1] = '| [[d:' .. qid .. '|' .. qid .. ']]' return table.concat(row, '\n') end -- Function to create the table footer with statistics local function createTableFooter() local totalTopics = #allTopics if totalTopics == 0 then return '\n|-\n| colspan="13" style="text-align: center;" | No topics available' end -- Calculate column sums local colSums = {} for i = 1, #languages do colSums[i] = 0 end local totalSum = 0 for _, topic in ipairs(allTopics) do local availability = topic[4] if availability then for i, value in ipairs(availability) do if type(value) == 'number' and i <= #languages then colSums[i] = (colSums[i] or 0) + value totalSum = totalSum + value end end end end -- Create footer row local footer = { '\n|- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f0f0f0;"', '| colspan="3" | Σ', } for i = 1, #languages do footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. (colSums[i] or 0) end -- Calculate coverage percentage local totalPossible = totalTopics * #languages local percentage = 0 if totalPossible > 0 then percentage = math.floor((totalSum / totalPossible) * 100 + 0.5) end footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. totalSum footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. percentage .. '%' return table.concat(footer, '\n') end -- Main function to render the complete table function p.table(frame) local result = {} -- Add language picker result[#result + 1] = createLanguagePicker() -- Add information about the data source result[#result + 1] = [[ <div style="margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0.5em; background: #e8f4f8; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 90%;"> <strong>Data sources:</strong> <ul> <li>Village data from <a href="https://nethahussain.github.io/wiki-loves-village-2026/">Wiki Loves Village 2026</a></li> <li>Dakshina Kannada district (Q950571) and Kasaragod district (Q1419703)</li> <li>Topics from Mangalorean cuisine, culture, and notable people categories</li> </ul> </div> ]] -- Start the table result[#result + 1] = createTableHeader() -- Add topic rows for index, topic in ipairs(allTopics) do result[#result + 1] = createTopicRow(index, topic) end -- Add footer result[#result + 1] = createTableFooter() -- Close the table result[#result + 1] = '\n|}' -- Add notes section result[#result + 1] = [[ <div style="margin-top: 1em; padding: 0.5em; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 90%;"> <strong>Notes:</strong> <ul> <li>+ = Article exists in that language Wikipedia</li> <li>− = Article does not exist</li> <li>Click on Wikidata IDs to view/edit the item</li> <li>Villages shown are from Wiki Loves Village 2026 worklists</li> <li>To get the complete village list, visit the Wiki Loves Village 2026 website and extract data from the dynamic list</li> </ul> </div> ]] return table.concat(result, '\n') end -- Function to extract village data from Wiki Loves Village URLs -- This is a helper function that can be run separately function p.extractVillages(frame) local result = {} result[#result + 1] = '=== How to Extract Village Data ===' result[#result + 1] = '# Visit the Wiki Loves Village 2026 URL' result[#result + 1] = '# The page loads village data dynamically via JavaScript' result[#result + 1] = '# To get the full list, you can:' result[#result + 1] = '# 1. Use browser developer tools to inspect the network requests' result[#result + 1] = '# 2. Look for the Wikidata query that fetches village data' result[#result + 1] = '# 3. Copy the village names and their QIDs' result[#result + 1] = '# 4. Add them to the villageData table in the module' result[#result + 1] = '' result[#result + 1] = '=== Sample Wikidata Query for Villages ===' result[#result + 1] = '<pre>' result[#result + 1] = 'SELECT ?item ?itemLabel WHERE {' result[#result + 1] = ' ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q532;' result[#result + 1] = ' wdt:P131 wd:Q950571. -- Dakshina Kannada district' result[#result + 1] = ' MINUS { ?item wdt:P2002 ?tuluWiki. } -- No Tulu article' result[#result + 1] = ' SERVICE wikibase:label { bd:serviceParam wikibase:language "en". }' result[#result + 1] = '}' result[#result + 1] = '</pre>' result[#result + 1] = '# Run this query at https://query.wikidata.org/ to get the complete list' return table.concat(result, '\n') end return p stv81ot673pbhplm4yemy2tzrnkj6mv 366813 366809 2026-08-24T03:22:06Z A826 4610 366813 Scribunto text/plain --[[ Module:MangaloreTopicsTable Usage: {{#invoke:MangaloreTopicsTable|table}} This module generates a language availability table for Mangalore-related topics. It uses hardcoded data for the table structure and language availability. ]] local p = {} -- Define the languages to display in the table local languages = { {code = 'tcy', name = 'ತುಳು'}, {code = 'kn', name = 'ಕನ್ನಡ'}, {code = 'ml', name = 'മലയാളം'}, {code = 'hi', name = 'हिन्दी'}, {code = 'te', name = 'తెలుగు'}, {code = 'ta', name = 'தமிழ்'}, {code = 'en', name = 'English'} } -- Define the topics with their Wikidata QIDs and language availability -- Format: {title, qid, {tcy, kn, ml, hi, te, ta, en}} -- "1" means article exists, "0" means doesn't exist local topics = { -- Cuisine from Category:Mangalorean cuisine {'Bafat', 'Q4841320', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Chandrakala (dessert)', 'Q5071356', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Chicken ghee roast', 'Q28153715', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Dosa (food)', 'Q920940', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Fish pulimunchi', 'Q125801330', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Gujhia', 'Q10997735', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kidyo', 'Q6405076', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kori rotti', 'Q6432257', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kuswar', 'Q17050765', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mangalore bajji', 'Q6748722', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mangalore buns', 'Q28154541', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mangalorean Catholic cuisine', 'Q6748728', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mangalorean chicken sukka', 'Q28154305', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Masala dosa', 'Q11771087', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Neer dosa', 'Q6986919', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Oondees', 'Q7095366', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Pork bafat', 'Q137299303', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Pundi', 'Q28154814', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Sanna (dish)', 'Q7418805', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Udupi cuisine', 'Q3595274', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, -- Culture from Category:Culture of Mangalore {'Culture of Mangaluru', 'Q5193593', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Aloyseum', 'Q85741013', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Architecture of Mangalorean Catholics', 'Q4787160', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Attire of Mangalorean Catholics', 'Q4818523', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Belthangady Varado', 'Q24931207', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Community Radio Sarang', 'Q5154850', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Culture of Mangalorean Catholics', 'Q5193592', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kambala', 'Q6356259', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kori Kambla', 'Q31830301', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mangalorean Catholic literature', 'Q6748730', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mangalorean Catholic name', 'Q6748731', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mangaluru Dasara', 'Q17061561', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Pabbas', 'Q28154326', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Pattanaje', 'Q31830233', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Pili Yesa', 'Q5935713', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Pursere Kattuna', 'Q132748975', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Siddavesa', 'Q31830689', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Srimanthi Bhai Memorial Government Museum', 'Q85802848', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Tulu calendar', 'Q7852416', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, -- People (Mangalore City) from Category:People from Mangalore {'Harsha Raj Gatty', 'Q5673795', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kasargod Patnashetti Gopal Rao', 'Q94309385', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Harekala Hajabba', 'Q61873224', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mahendra Kumar', 'Q6733737', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Clemens Mendonca', 'Q1100032', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Baptist Mudartha', 'Q807098', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'V. M. M. Nair', 'Q88217515', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Dhanalakshmi Poojary', 'Q138744270', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Harish Poonja', 'Q108090092', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Valerian Rodrigues', 'Q24006655', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Peter Paul Saldanha', 'Q55354118', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Käte Schaller-Härlin', 'Q1795505', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Isha Sharma', 'Q108400471', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Sally Varma', 'Q81942730', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, -- People (Ethnic Group) from Category:Mangaloreans {'Mangaloreans', 'Q12352241', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Prahlad Acharya', 'Q7237720', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Satish Acharya', 'Q12455277', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'V. S. Acharya', 'Q7906213', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Aravind Adiga', 'Q296299', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Gopalakrishna Adiga', 'Q5584216', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Stan Ageira', 'Q7597522', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Joachim Alva', 'Q6204502', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'S. K. Amin', 'Q7387570', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Chirashree Anchan', 'Q57534334', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Anushree (Kannada actress)', 'Q26221433', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Ranjith Bajpe', 'Q21932321', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'A. V. Baliga', 'Q4648458', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Balkrishna Shetty', 'Q4851150', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Ashish Ballal', 'Q4805154', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Gulzar Banu', 'Q5617947', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'P. Gururaja Bhat', 'Q7117257', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'K. Raghupati Bhat', 'Q6323875', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'U. R. Bhat', 'Q7863529', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Yogaraj Bhat', 'Q7377749', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Aravind Bolar', 'Q20630591', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay', 'Q3347911', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Abbakka Chowta', 'Q717732', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Sandeep Chowta', 'Q7416066', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Richard Crasta', 'Q3430666', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Aloysius Paul D\'Souza', 'Q4734715', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Basil Salvadore D\'Souza', 'Q1967213', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Faye D\'Souza', 'Q43078545', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Tony D\'Souza', 'Q7822166', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Jerome D\'Souza', 'Q3190865', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Rajani Duganna', 'Q7285734', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Erica Fernandes', 'Q16200342', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Lawrence Fernandes', 'Q17626796', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Oscar Fernandes', 'Q1453956', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Victor R. Fernandes', 'Q7926259', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kadri Gopalnath', 'Q377887', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'M. Govinda Pai', 'Q3595272', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Bannanje Govindacharya', 'Q4856866', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Gurukiran', 'Q5620498', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'K. S. Hegde', 'Q5796923', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'B. M. Hegde', 'Q4883664', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Ganesh Hegde', 'Q5520834', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Ravivarma Narasimha Domba Heggade', 'Q7296788', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Veerendra Heggade', 'Q4776900', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Bakila Hukrappa', 'Q25246589', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Alangar Jayagovind', 'Q16107355', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'M. V. Kamath', 'Q3877603', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Devadas Kapikad', 'Q19661727', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Nalin Kumar Kateel', 'Q6960896', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Sheila Khambadkone', 'Q7493084', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Annapoorna Kini', 'Q4767989', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Vaman Srinivas Kudva', 'Q3632999', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'V. Dhananjay Kumar', 'Q7906032', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mahendra Kumar', 'Q6733737', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Praveen Kumar (Mangalore politician)', 'Q7238857', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Budhi Kunderan', 'Q3536900', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Terence Lewis (choreographer)', 'Q7701944', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Rita Lobo', 'Q124668869', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mamatha Maben', 'Q6745469', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Manorama Madhwaraj', 'Q6751416', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Thimmappaiah Madiyal', 'Q7672660', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Sheetal Mallar', 'Q7492542', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'U. Srinivas Mallya', 'Q7863541', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Vijay Mallya', 'Q173118', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Vittal Mallya', 'Q7937268', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Lalaji Mendon', 'Q6480170', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Thumbay Moideen', 'Q16189405', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Veerappa Moily', 'Q3519659', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Sonal Monteiro', 'Q52395230', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Sundar Rao Nadkarni', 'Q7639218', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Narendra Nayak', 'Q6965791', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Ahmed Noori', 'Q4695958', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Ester Noronha', 'Q22279433', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Naveen D. Padil', 'Q20649321', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Ammembal Subba Rao Pai', 'Q3630904', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mangalore Ranga Pai', 'Q6748716', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'T. A. Pai', 'Q7668113', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Tonse Ramesh Upendra Pai', 'Q7821663', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Pandurangashram', 'Q7130782', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Brian J. G. Pereira', 'Q16734386', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Pius Fidelis Pinto', 'Q7199592', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Janardhana Poojary', 'Q6150798', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Shubha Poonja', 'Q7504558', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Cedric Prakash', 'Q5057138', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Dinker Belle Rai', 'Q21062292', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kayyar Kinhanna Rai', 'Q6380737', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Muthappa Rai', 'Q6943821', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Satheesha Rai', 'Q7426141', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Vinay Rai', 'Q7931382', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Prakash Raj', 'Q1322453', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Ramchandra P. N.', 'Q7289286', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'B. Shiva Rao', 'Q4834213', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kumble Sundara Rao', 'Q81491512', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Udupi Ramachandra Rao', 'Q7877236', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Viren Rasquinha', 'Q7933691', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'B. N. Rau', 'Q817096', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Benegal Rama Rau', 'Q3380621', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'P. Raghavendra Rau', 'Q15996340', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Wilfy Rebimbus', 'Q8002044', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Jemimah Rodrigues', 'Q42898219', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Victor Rodrigues', 'Q7926294', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Ibrahim Saeed', 'Q5984709', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'M. F. Saldanha', 'Q6712567', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'B. A. Saletore', 'Q4833897', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Stanley Jedidiah Samartha', 'Q7599704', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Aarti Sequeira', 'Q4662650', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Ravi Shastri', 'Q3518502', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Bellikoth Raghunath Shenoy', 'Q4884007', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'A. B. Shetty', 'Q4647569', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Ajit Shetty', 'Q2449199', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Avantika Shetty', 'Q25898075', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'B. R. Shetty', 'Q4834167', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Devi Shetty', 'Q5266968', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Hriday Shetty', 'Q20875078', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kedambadi Jagannath Shetty', 'Q6382518', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'M. B. Shetty', 'Q5447845', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Prakash Shetty', 'Q7238196', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Rakshit Shetty', 'Q16239340', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Rohit Shetty', 'Q6716074', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Sandeep Shetty', 'Q21933180', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Shamita Shetty', 'Q2393916', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Shashi Kiran Shetty', 'Q7490556', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Shilpa Shetty', 'Q270665', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Suniel Shetty', 'Q983043', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Varuna Shetty', 'Q16202902', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Gundibail Sunderam', 'Q5618639', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Suryanarayana (Bajrang Dal)', 'Q7647418', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Sneha Ullal', 'Q469215', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Vamanashram', 'Q7912917', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Bhojaraj Vamanjoor', 'Q23761449', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Vidyabhushana', 'Q7377137', 'People (Ethnic Group)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, -- People (Dakshina Kannada) from Category:People from Dakshina Kannada district {'Ganapathi Rao Aigal', 'Q5520489', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Bellipadi Chandrahasa Alva', 'Q4833927', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Amara Sullia Rebellion', 'Q108142412', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Ranjith Bajpe', 'Q21932321', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'B. S. Baliga', 'Q4834190', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Bantwal Vaikunta Baliga', 'Q4857273', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Ashish Ballal', 'Q4805154', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'K. Vasantha Bangera', 'Q24572406', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Girish Bharadwaj', 'Q41775998', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Ashwini Bhat', 'Q23765682', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'M. Mariappa Bhat', 'Q22006453', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Polali Jayarama Bhat', 'Q16841326', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Raghuram Bhat', 'Q7283055', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'U. R. Bhat', 'Q7863529', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'K. Chidananda Gowda', 'Q6323273', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Abbakka Chowta', 'Q717732', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'John Michael D\'Cunha', 'Q18206321', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Aloysius Paul D\'Souza', 'Q4734715', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'William D\'Souza', 'Q2578515', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Vasundhara Doraswamy', 'Q29446238', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kadri Gopalnath', 'Q377887', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Sadananda Gowda', 'Q1151446', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Sinchana D. Gowda', 'Q106240774', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Veerendra Heggade', 'Q4776900', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mohammed Hussain', 'Q3445425', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'S. A. Hussain', 'Q7387337', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'B. M. Idinabba', 'Q4834109', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Abhayachandra Jain', 'Q24572340', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Padmanabh Jaini', 'Q7123844', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Alangar Jayagovind', 'Q16107355', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Jayamala', 'Q6123633', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Jogi (writer)', 'Q15717845', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kalpana (Kannada actress)', 'Q13158764', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Ganapatrao Maharaj Kannur', 'Q16016184', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Shobha Karandlaje', 'Q7499789', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'B. V. Karanth', 'Q3595279', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'K. Ullas Karanth', 'Q6324136', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Nalin Kumar Kateel', 'Q6960896', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kavyashree Nayak Ajeru', 'Q130323441', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda', 'Q115326009', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Krishnananda Saraswati', 'Q2231016', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Vaman Srinivas Kudva', 'Q3632999', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Sahana Kumari', 'Q16221396', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Budhi Kunderan', 'Q3536900', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Bolwar Mahammad Kunhi', 'Q4940291', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kurunji Venkataramana Gowda', 'Q15717472', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Madan–Harini', 'Q22278971', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Vijay Mallya', 'Q173118', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mandeep Roy', 'Q47482458', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'V. Manohar', 'Q7906129', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'J. B. Moraes', 'Q6103943', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Lawrence Mukkuzhy', 'Q1809229', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'V. Nagaraja', 'Q27063790', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kullal Chickappu Naik', 'Q6443100', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Nina Nayak', 'Q16185495', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Puttur Narasimha Nayak', 'Q7262500', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Syed Abdul Nazeer', 'Q28962585', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Ahmed Noori', 'Q4695958', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Naveen D. Padil', 'Q20649321', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'T. A. Pai', 'Q7668113', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Bolanthur Krishna Prabhu', 'Q4938937', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Badekkila Pradeep', 'Q18356067', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mallika Prasad', 'Q16734700', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Swami Purushottamananda', 'Q7653223', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'K. E. Radhakrishna', 'Q6323328', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Muthappa Rai', 'Q6943821', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Ramanath Rai', 'Q4834176', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'V. T. Rajshekar', 'Q7906272', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Pandita Ramabai', 'Q94889', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Vittal Ramamurthy', 'Q7937272', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'B. Shiva Rao', 'Q4834213', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kumble Sundara Rao', 'Q81491512', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'M. V. Vasudeva Rao', 'Q16239280', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Ratnakaravarni', 'Q7295862', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'B. N. Rau', 'Q817096', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Benegal Rama Rau', 'Q3380621', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'P. Raghavendra Rau', 'Q15996340', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Wilfy Rebimbus', 'Q8002044', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'B. A. Saletore', 'Q4833897', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Stanley Jedidiah Samartha', 'Q7599704', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Francis Serrao', 'Q16064454', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Chamu Krishna Shastry', 'Q3635839', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Basti Vaman Shenoy', 'Q4868275', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'A. B. Shetty', 'Q4647569', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Anand Shetty', 'Q14625305', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'B. Nagaraja Shetty', 'Q4834129', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'B. Subbayya Shetty', 'Q4834222', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'B. Vittaldas Shetty', 'Q4834251', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'K. Amarnath Shetty', 'Q6323077', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kedambadi Jagannath Shetty', 'Q6382518', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'M. B. Shetty', 'Q5447845', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Pratheek Shetty', 'Q138566621', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Shakunthala T. Shetty', 'Q16885595', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Suniel Shetty', 'Q983043', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'K. N. Tailor', 'Q19663730', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Tulu Gowda', 'Q25110573', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Vidyabhushana', 'Q7377137', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'P. Subrahmanya Yadapadithaya', 'Q124845124', 'People (Dakshina Kannada)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, } -- Function to create the language navigation bar local function createLanguagePicker() local picker = {'<div style="margin: 1em 0; padding: 0.5em; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px;">'} picker[#picker + 1] = '<strong>Find your language:</strong> ' local links = {} for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local anchor = 'kcm-col-' .. lang.code links[#links + 1] = '[[#' .. anchor .. '|' .. lang.name .. ']]' end picker[#picker + 1] = table.concat(links, ' | ') picker[#picker + 1] = '</div>' return table.concat(picker) end -- Function to create the table header local function createTableHeader() local header = { '{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%;"', '|+ Mangalore Topics - Language Availability', '! №', '! style="width: 20%;" | Article', } -- Add language columns with IDs for anchoring for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local id = ' id="kcm-col-' .. lang.code .. '"' local title = ' title="' .. lang.name .. ' (' .. lang.code .. ')"' header[#header + 1] = '!' .. id .. title .. ' | ' .. lang.code end header[#header + 1] = '! Σ' header[#header + 1] = '! Wikidata' return table.concat(header, '\n') end -- Function to create a table row for a topic local function createTopicRow(index, topic) local title = topic[1] local qid = topic[2] local availability = topic[3] -- Calculate sum of available languages local sum = 0 if availability then for _, value in ipairs(availability) do if type(value) == 'number' then sum = sum + value end end end -- Build the row local row = { '\n|-', '| ' .. index, '| [[' .. title .. ']]', } -- Add language cells if availability then for _, value in ipairs(availability) do if value == 1 then row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #d4f4d4; text-align: center;" | +' else row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end end else -- If no availability data, show all as missing for _ = 1, #languages do row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end end row[#row + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. sum row[#row + 1] = '| [[d:' .. qid .. '|' .. qid .. ']]' return table.concat(row, '\n') end -- Function to create the table footer with statistics local function createTableFooter() local totalTopics = #topics if totalTopics == 0 then return '\n|-\n| colspan="12" style="text-align: center;" | No topics available' end -- Calculate column sums local colSums = {} for i = 1, #languages do colSums[i] = 0 end local totalSum = 0 for _, topic in ipairs(topics) do local availability = topic[3] if availability then for i, value in ipairs(availability) do if type(value) == 'number' and i <= #languages then colSums[i] = (colSums[i] or 0) + value totalSum = totalSum + value end end end end -- Create footer row local footer = { '\n|- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f0f0f0;"', '| colspan="2" | Σ', } for i = 1, #languages do footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. (colSums[i] or 0) end -- Calculate coverage percentage local totalPossible = totalTopics * #languages local percentage = 0 if totalPossible > 0 then percentage = math.floor((totalSum / totalPossible) * 100 + 0.5) end footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. totalSum footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. percentage .. '%' return table.concat(footer, '\n') end -- Main function to render the complete table function p.table(frame) local result = {} -- Add language picker result[#result + 1] = createLanguagePicker() -- Start the table result[#result + 1] = createTableHeader() -- Add topic rows for index, topic in ipairs(topics) do result[#result + 1] = createTopicRow(index, topic) end -- Add footer result[#result + 1] = createTableFooter() -- Close the table result[#result + 1] = '\n|}' -- Add notes section result[#result + 1] = [[ <div style="margin-top: 1em; padding: 0.5em; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 90%;"> <strong>Notes:</strong> <ul> <li>+ = Article exists in that language Wikipedia</li> <li>− = Article does not exist</li> <li>Click on Wikidata IDs to view/edit the item</li> <li>Data is based on current Wikipedia article availability</li> </ul> </div> ]] return table.concat(result, '\n') end -- Helper function to update topic data dynamically from Wikidata -- This is optional and can be used to fetch data in real-time function p.updateFromWikidata(frame) -- This function would use mw.wikibase.getEntityObject to fetch data -- But for simplicity, we're using hardcoded data -- You can implement this to fetch data dynamically return p.table(frame) end return p ccqlk4skj9tmmzfe9acys25dgvqze3e 366814 366813 2026-08-24T03:23:52Z A826 4610 366814 Scribunto text/plain --[[ Module:MangaloreTopicsTable Usage: {{#invoke:MangaloreTopicsTable|table}} This module generates a language availability table for Mangalore-related topics. It uses hardcoded data for the table structure and language availability. ]] local p = {} -- Define the languages to display in the table local languages = { {code = 'tcy', name = 'ತುಳು'}, {code = 'kn', name = 'ಕನ್ನಡ'}, {code = 'ml', name = 'മലയാളം'}, {code = 'hi', name = 'हिन्दी'}, {code = 'te', name = 'తెలుగు'}, {code = 'ta', name = 'தமிழ்'}, {code = 'en', name = 'English'} } -- Define the topics with their Wikidata QIDs and language availability -- Format: {title, qid, category, {tcy, kn, ml, hi, te, ta, en}} -- "1" means article exists, "0" means doesn't exist local topics = { -- Cuisine from Category:Mangalorean cuisine {'Bafat', 'Q4841320', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Chandrakala (dessert)', 'Q5071356', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Chicken ghee roast', 'Q28153715', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Dosa (food)', 'Q920940', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Fish pulimunchi', 'Q125801330', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Gujhia', 'Q10997735', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kidyo', 'Q6405076', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kori rotti', 'Q6432257', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kuswar', 'Q17050765', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mangalore bajji', 'Q6748722', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mangalore buns', 'Q28154541', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mangalorean Catholic cuisine', 'Q6748728', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mangalorean chicken sukka', 'Q28154305', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Masala dosa', 'Q11771087', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Neer dosa', 'Q6986919', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Oondees', 'Q7095366', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Pork bafat', 'Q137299303', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Pundi', 'Q28154814', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Sanna (dish)', 'Q7418805', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Udupi cuisine', 'Q3595274', 'Cuisine', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, -- Culture from Category:Culture of Mangalore {'Culture of Mangaluru', 'Q5193593', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Aloyseum', 'Q85741013', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Architecture of Mangalorean Catholics', 'Q4787160', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Attire of Mangalorean Catholics', 'Q4818523', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Belthangady Varado', 'Q24931207', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Community Radio Sarang', 'Q5154850', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Culture of Mangalorean Catholics', 'Q5193592', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kambala', 'Q6356259', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kori Kambla', 'Q31830301', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mangalorean Catholic literature', 'Q6748730', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mangalorean Catholic name', 'Q6748731', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mangaluru Dasara', 'Q17061561', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Pabbas', 'Q28154326', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Pattanaje', 'Q31830233', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Pili Yesa', 'Q5935713', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Pursere Kattuna', 'Q132748975', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Siddavesa', 'Q31830689', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Srimanthi Bhai Memorial Government Museum', 'Q85802848', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Tulu calendar', 'Q7852416', 'Culture', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, -- People (Mangalore City) from Category:People from Mangalore {'Harsha Raj Gatty', 'Q5673795', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Kasargod Patnashetti Gopal Rao', 'Q94309385', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Harekala Hajabba', 'Q61873224', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Mahendra Kumar', 'Q6733737', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Clemens Mendonca', 'Q1100032', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Baptist Mudartha', 'Q807098', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'V. M. M. Nair', 'Q88217515', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Dhanalakshmi Poojary', 'Q138744270', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Harish Poonja', 'Q108090092', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Valerian Rodrigues', 'Q24006655', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Peter Paul Saldanha', 'Q55354118', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Käte Schaller-Härlin', 'Q1795505', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Isha Sharma', 'Q108400471', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, {'Sally Varma', 'Q81942730', 'People (Mangalore City)', {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}}, } -- Function to create the language navigation bar local function createLanguagePicker() local picker = {'<div style="margin: 1em 0; padding: 0.5em; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px;">'} picker[#picker + 1] = '<strong>Find your language:</strong> ' local links = {} for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local anchor = 'kcm-col-' .. lang.code links[#links + 1] = '[[#' .. anchor .. '|' .. lang.name .. ']]' end picker[#picker + 1] = table.concat(links, ' | ') picker[#picker + 1] = '</div>' return table.concat(picker) end -- Function to create the table header local function createTableHeader() local header = { '{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%;"', '|+ Mangalore Topics - Language Availability', '! №', '! style="width: 18%;" | Article', '! style="width: 12%;" | Category', } -- Add language columns with IDs for anchoring for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local id = ' id="kcm-col-' .. lang.code .. '"' local title = ' title="' .. lang.name .. ' (' .. lang.code .. ')"' header[#header + 1] = '!' .. id .. title .. ' | ' .. lang.code end header[#header + 1] = '! Σ' header[#header + 1] = '! Wikidata' return table.concat(header, '\n') end -- Function to create a table row for a topic local function createTopicRow(index, topic) local title = topic[1] local qid = topic[2] local category = topic[3] or 'General' local availability = topic[4] -- Calculate sum of available languages local sum = 0 if availability then for _, value in ipairs(availability) do if type(value) == 'number' then sum = sum + value end end end -- Build the row local row = { '\n|-', '| ' .. index, '| [[' .. title .. ']]', '| ' .. category, } -- Add language cells if availability then for _, value in ipairs(availability) do if value == 1 then row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #d4f4d4; text-align: center;" | +' else row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end end else -- If no availability data, show all as missing for _ = 1, #languages do row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end end row[#row + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. sum row[#row + 1] = '| [[d:' .. qid .. '|' .. qid .. ']]' return table.concat(row, '\n') end -- Function to create the table footer with statistics local function createTableFooter() local totalTopics = #topics if totalTopics == 0 then return '\n|-\n| colspan="13" style="text-align: center;" | No topics available' end -- Calculate column sums local colSums = {} for i = 1, #languages do colSums[i] = 0 end local totalSum = 0 for _, topic in ipairs(topics) do local availability = topic[4] if availability then for i, value in ipairs(availability) do if type(value) == 'number' and i <= #languages then colSums[i] = (colSums[i] or 0) + value totalSum = totalSum + value end end end end -- Create footer row local footer = { '\n|- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f0f0f0;"', '| colspan="3" | Σ', } for i = 1, #languages do footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. (colSums[i] or 0) end -- Calculate coverage percentage local totalPossible = totalTopics * #languages local percentage = 0 if totalPossible > 0 then percentage = math.floor((totalSum / totalPossible) * 100 + 0.5) end footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. totalSum footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. percentage .. '%' return table.concat(footer, '\n') end -- Main function to render the complete table function p.table(frame) local result = {} -- Add language picker result[#result + 1] = createLanguagePicker() -- Start the table result[#result + 1] = createTableHeader() -- Add topic rows for index, topic in ipairs(topics) do result[#result + 1] = createTopicRow(index, topic) end -- Add footer result[#result + 1] = createTableFooter() -- Close the table result[#result + 1] = '\n|}' -- Add notes section result[#result + 1] = [[ <div style="margin-top: 1em; padding: 0.5em; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 90%;"> <strong>Notes:</strong> <ul> <li>+ = Article exists in that language Wikipedia</li> <li>− = Article does not exist</li> <li>Click on Wikidata IDs to view/edit the item</li> <li>Data is based on current Wikipedia article availability</li> <li>Categories: Cuisine, Culture, People (Mangalore City)</li> </ul> </div> ]] return table.concat(result, '\n') end return p 93ponyu52vp6ckyxxacbcy3g1fqqme4 366817 366814 2026-08-24T04:54:38Z A826 4610 366817 Scribunto text/plain --[[ Module:MangaloreTopicsTable Usage: {{#invoke:MangaloreTopicsTable|table}} This module generates a language availability table for Mangalore-related topics. Displays sitelinks for English, Kannada, and Tulu Wikipedias. ]] local p = {} -- Define the languages to display in the table (only 3 languages) local languages = { {code = 'en', name = 'English', wiki = 'enwiki'}, {code = 'kn', name = 'ಕನ್ನಡ', wiki = 'knwiki'}, {code = 'tcy', name = 'ತುಳು', wiki = 'tcywiki'} } -- Define the topics with their Wikidata QIDs and categories -- Format: {title, qid, category} local topics = { -- Cuisine from Category:Mangalorean cuisine {'Bafat', 'Q4841320', 'Cuisine'}, {'Chandrakala (dessert)', 'Q5071356', 'Cuisine'}, {'Chicken ghee roast', 'Q28153715', 'Cuisine'}, {'Dosa (food)', 'Q920940', 'Cuisine'}, {'Fish pulimunchi', 'Q125801330', 'Cuisine'}, {'Gujhia', 'Q10997735', 'Cuisine'}, {'Kidyo', 'Q6405076', 'Cuisine'}, {'Kori rotti', 'Q6432257', 'Cuisine'}, {'Kuswar', 'Q17050765', 'Cuisine'}, {'Mangalore bajji', 'Q6748722', 'Cuisine'}, {'Mangalore buns', 'Q28154541', 'Cuisine'}, {'Mangalorean Catholic cuisine', 'Q6748728', 'Cuisine'}, {'Mangalorean chicken sukka', 'Q28154305', 'Cuisine'}, {'Masala dosa', 'Q11771087', 'Cuisine'}, {'Neer dosa', 'Q6986919', 'Cuisine'}, {'Oondees', 'Q7095366', 'Cuisine'}, {'Pork bafat', 'Q137299303', 'Cuisine'}, {'Pundi', 'Q28154814', 'Cuisine'}, {'Sanna (dish)', 'Q7418805', 'Cuisine'}, {'Udupi cuisine', 'Q3595274', 'Cuisine'}, -- Culture from Category:Culture of Mangalore {'Culture of Mangaluru', 'Q5193593', 'Culture'}, {'Aloyseum', 'Q85741013', 'Culture'}, {'Architecture of Mangalorean Catholics', 'Q4787160', 'Culture'}, {'Attire of Mangalorean Catholics', 'Q4818523', 'Culture'}, {'Belthangady Varado', 'Q24931207', 'Culture'}, {'Community Radio Sarang', 'Q5154850', 'Culture'}, {'Culture of Mangalorean Catholics', 'Q5193592', 'Culture'}, {'Kambala', 'Q6356259', 'Culture'}, {'Kori Kambla', 'Q31830301', 'Culture'}, {'Mangalorean Catholic literature', 'Q6748730', 'Culture'}, {'Mangalorean Catholic name', 'Q6748731', 'Culture'}, {'Mangaluru Dasara', 'Q17061561', 'Culture'}, {'Pabbas', 'Q28154326', 'Culture'}, {'Pattanaje', 'Q31830233', 'Culture'}, {'Pili Yesa', 'Q5935713', 'Culture'}, {'Pursere Kattuna', 'Q132748975', 'Culture'}, {'Siddavesa', 'Q31830689', 'Culture'}, {'Srimanthi Bhai Memorial Government Museum', 'Q85802848', 'Culture'}, {'Tulu calendar', 'Q7852416', 'Culture'}, -- People (Mangalore City) from Category:People from Mangalore {'Harsha Raj Gatty', 'Q5673795', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Kasargod Patnashetti Gopal Rao', 'Q94309385', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Harekala Hajabba', 'Q61873224', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Mahendra Kumar', 'Q6733737', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Clemens Mendonca', 'Q1100032', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Baptist Mudartha', 'Q807098', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'V. M. M. Nair', 'Q88217515', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Dhanalakshmi Poojary', 'Q138744270', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Harish Poonja', 'Q108090092', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Valerian Rodrigues', 'Q24006655', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Peter Paul Saldanha', 'Q55354118', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Käte Schaller-Härlin', 'Q1795505', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Isha Sharma', 'Q108400471', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Sally Varma', 'Q81942730', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, } -- Function to get sitelink for a given QID and wiki local function getSitelink(qid, wiki) if not qid or not wiki then return nil end -- Try to get the entity from Wikidata local success, entity = pcall(mw.wikibase.getEntityObject, qid) if not success or not entity then return nil end local sitelink = entity:getSitelink(wiki) return sitelink end -- Function to create the refresh button local function createRefreshButton() local button = [[ <div style="margin: 1em 0; padding: 0.5em; text-align: center;"> <button onclick="location.reload();" style="padding: 8px 16px; background: #0645ad; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 14px;"> 🔄 Refresh Sitelinks </button> <span style="margin-left: 1em; font-size: 90%; color: #555;">Click to update article links from Wikidata</span> </div> ]] return button end -- Function to create the language navigation bar local function createLanguagePicker() local picker = {'<div style="margin: 1em 0; padding: 0.5em; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px;">'} picker[#picker + 1] = '<strong>Languages:</strong> ' local links = {} for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local anchor = 'kcm-col-' .. lang.code links[#links + 1] = '[[#' .. anchor .. '|' .. lang.name .. ']]' end picker[#picker + 1] = table.concat(links, ' | ') picker[#picker + 1] = '</div>' return table.concat(picker) end -- Function to create the table header local function createTableHeader() local header = { '{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%;"', '|+ Mangalore Topics - Article Availability', '! №', '! style="width: 25%;" | Article', '! style="width: 15%;" | Category', } -- Add language columns with IDs for anchoring for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local id = ' id="kcm-col-' .. lang.code .. '"' local title = ' title="' .. lang.name .. ' Wikipedia"' header[#header + 1] = '!' .. id .. title .. ' | ' .. lang.name end header[#header + 1] = '! Wikidata' return table.concat(header, '\n') end -- Function to create a table row for a topic with sitelinks local function createTopicRow(index, topic) local title = topic[1] local qid = topic[2] local category = topic[3] or 'General' -- Build the row local row = { '\n|-', '| ' .. index, '| [[' .. title .. ']]', '| ' .. category, } -- Get and display sitelinks for each language for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local sitelink = getSitelink(qid, lang.wiki) if sitelink then -- Link to the article in that language local fullLink = '[[:' .. lang.code .. ':' .. sitelink .. '|' .. sitelink .. ']]' row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #d4f4d4; text-align: center;" | ' .. fullLink else row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end end row[#row + 1] = '| [[d:' .. qid .. '|' .. qid .. ']]' return table.concat(row, '\n') end -- Function to create the table footer with statistics local function createTableFooter() local totalTopics = #topics if totalTopics == 0 then return '\n|-\n| colspan="7" style="text-align: center;" | No topics available' end -- Calculate column statistics local colStats = {} for i = 1, #languages do colStats[i] = {exists = 0, missing = 0} end for _, topic in ipairs(topics) do local qid = topic[2] for i, lang in ipairs(languages) do local sitelink = getSitelink(qid, lang.wiki) if sitelink then colStats[i].exists = colStats[i].exists + 1 else colStats[i].missing = colStats[i].missing + 1 end end end -- Create footer row local footer = { '\n|- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f0f0f0;"', '| colspan="3" | Total articles', } for i = 1, #languages do footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. colStats[i].exists .. ' / ' .. totalTopics end footer[#footer + 1] = '|' return table.concat(footer, '\n') end -- Function to create a row with category totals local function createCategoryFooter() -- Group topics by category local categories = {} for _, topic in ipairs(topics) do local cat = topic[3] or 'General' if not categories[cat] then categories[cat] = {} end table.insert(categories[cat], topic) end local footer = {} for catName, catTopics in pairs(categories) do local total = #catTopics local colStats = {} for i = 1, #languages do colStats[i] = 0 end for _, topic in ipairs(catTopics) do local qid = topic[2] for i, lang in ipairs(languages) do local sitelink = getSitelink(qid, lang.wiki) if sitelink then colStats[i] = colStats[i] + 1 end end end footer[#footer + 1] = '\n|- class="sortbottom" style="background: #f8f9fa; font-weight: bold;"' footer[#footer + 1] = '| colspan="3" | ' .. catName .. ' (total: ' .. total .. ')' for i = 1, #languages do footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. colStats[i] .. ' / ' .. total end footer[#footer + 1] = '|' end return table.concat(footer, '\n') end -- Main function to render the complete table function p.table(frame) local result = {} -- Add refresh button result[#result + 1] = createRefreshButton() -- Add language picker result[#result + 1] = createLanguagePicker() -- Add data source info result[#result + 1] = [[ <div style="margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0.5em; background: #e8f4f8; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 90%;"> <strong>Data sources:</strong> <ul> <li>Articles from Mangalorean cuisine, Culture of Mangalore, and People from Mangalore categories</li> <li>Links are fetched directly from Wikidata in real-time</li> <li>Green background = article exists in that language</li> <li>Red background = article does not exist</li> </ul> </div> ]] -- Start the table result[#result + 1] = createTableHeader() -- Add topic rows for index, topic in ipairs(topics) do result[#result + 1] = createTopicRow(index, topic) end -- Add category footers result[#result + 1] = createCategoryFooter() -- Add total footer result[#result + 1] = createTableFooter() -- Close the table result[#result + 1] = '\n|}' -- Add notes section with update instructions result[#result + 1] = [[ <div style="margin-top: 1em; padding: 0.5em; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 90%;"> <strong>Notes:</strong> <ul> <li>Click the <strong>"Refresh Sitelinks"</strong> button above to update all article links from Wikidata</li> <li>This table shows actual article titles as they appear in each language Wikipedia</li> <li>Click on any article link to view it in that language</li> <li>Click on Wikidata IDs to view/edit the item</li> <li>Data is fetched dynamically from Wikidata each time the page loads</li> </ul> </div> ]] return table.concat(result, '\n') end -- Function to get sitelinks for a single QID (useful for debugging) function p.getSitelinks(frame) local qid = frame.args[1] or 'Q33481' -- Default to Mangalore local result = {} result[#result + 1] = '=== Sitelinks for ' .. qid .. ' ===' result[#result + 1] = '{| class="wikitable"' result[#result + 1] = '! Language !! Article' for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local sitelink = getSitelink(qid, lang.wiki) if sitelink then result[#result + 1] = '|-\n| ' .. lang.name .. '\n| [[' .. lang.code .. ':' .. sitelink .. '|' .. sitelink .. ']]' else result[#result + 1] = '|-\n| ' .. lang.name .. '\n| −' end end result[#result + 1] = '|}' return table.concat(result, '\n') end -- Function to show a summary of missing articles function p.missingArticles(frame) local result = {} result[#result + 1] = '=== Missing Articles ===' result[#result + 1] = 'These articles need to be created in Tulu Wikipedia:\n' local missing = {} for _, topic in ipairs(topics) do local qid = topic[2] local title = topic[1] local sitelink = getSitelink(qid, 'tcywiki') if not sitelink then table.insert(missing, {title = title, qid = qid}) end end if #missing == 0 then result[#result + 1] = 'All articles have Tulu Wikipedia pages!' else result[#result + 1] = 'Articles missing in Tulu Wikipedia (' .. #missing .. '):\n' result[#result + 1] = '{| class="wikitable sortable"' result[#result + 1] = '! № !! Article !! Wikidata' for i, item in ipairs(missing) do result[#result + 1] = '|-\n| ' .. i .. '\n| [[' .. item.title .. ']]\n| [[d:' .. item.qid .. '|' .. item.qid .. ']]' end result[#result + 1] = '|}' end return table.concat(result, '\n') end return p 50045vje2ltt2vlkxm7ul9rk9w79y7r 366818 366817 2026-08-24T04:56:41Z A826 4610 366818 Scribunto text/plain --[[ Module:MangaloreTopicsTable Usage: {{#invoke:MangaloreTopicsTable|table}} This module generates a language availability table for Mangalore-related topics. Displays sitelinks for English, Kannada, and Tulu Wikipedias. ]] local p = {} -- Define the languages to display in the table (only 3 languages) local languages = { {code = 'en', name = 'English', wiki = 'enwiki'}, {code = 'kn', name = 'ಕನ್ನಡ', wiki = 'knwiki'}, {code = 'tcy', name = 'ತುಳು', wiki = 'tcywiki'} } -- Define the topics with their Wikidata QIDs and categories -- Format: {title, qid, category} local topics = { -- Cuisine from Category:Mangalorean cuisine {'Bafat', 'Q4841320', 'Cuisine'}, {'Chandrakala (dessert)', 'Q5071356', 'Cuisine'}, {'Chicken ghee roast', 'Q28153715', 'Cuisine'}, {'Dosa (food)', 'Q920940', 'Cuisine'}, {'Fish pulimunchi', 'Q125801330', 'Cuisine'}, {'Gujhia', 'Q10997735', 'Cuisine'}, {'Kidyo', 'Q6405076', 'Cuisine'}, {'Kori rotti', 'Q6432257', 'Cuisine'}, {'Kuswar', 'Q17050765', 'Cuisine'}, {'Mangalore bajji', 'Q6748722', 'Cuisine'}, {'Mangalore buns', 'Q28154541', 'Cuisine'}, {'Mangalorean Catholic cuisine', 'Q6748728', 'Cuisine'}, {'Mangalorean chicken sukka', 'Q28154305', 'Cuisine'}, {'Masala dosa', 'Q11771087', 'Cuisine'}, {'Neer dosa', 'Q6986919', 'Cuisine'}, {'Oondees', 'Q7095366', 'Cuisine'}, {'Pork bafat', 'Q137299303', 'Cuisine'}, {'Pundi', 'Q28154814', 'Cuisine'}, {'Sanna (dish)', 'Q7418805', 'Cuisine'}, {'Udupi cuisine', 'Q3595274', 'Cuisine'}, -- Culture from Category:Culture of Mangalore {'Culture of Mangaluru', 'Q5193593', 'Culture'}, {'Aloyseum', 'Q85741013', 'Culture'}, {'Architecture of Mangalorean Catholics', 'Q4787160', 'Culture'}, {'Attire of Mangalorean Catholics', 'Q4818523', 'Culture'}, {'Belthangady Varado', 'Q24931207', 'Culture'}, {'Community Radio Sarang', 'Q5154850', 'Culture'}, {'Culture of Mangalorean Catholics', 'Q5193592', 'Culture'}, {'Kambala', 'Q6356259', 'Culture'}, {'Kori Kambla', 'Q31830301', 'Culture'}, {'Mangalorean Catholic literature', 'Q6748730', 'Culture'}, {'Mangalorean Catholic name', 'Q6748731', 'Culture'}, {'Mangaluru Dasara', 'Q17061561', 'Culture'}, {'Pabbas', 'Q28154326', 'Culture'}, {'Pattanaje', 'Q31830233', 'Culture'}, {'Pili Yesa', 'Q5935713', 'Culture'}, {'Pursere Kattuna', 'Q132748975', 'Culture'}, {'Siddavesa', 'Q31830689', 'Culture'}, {'Srimanthi Bhai Memorial Government Museum', 'Q85802848', 'Culture'}, {'Tulu calendar', 'Q7852416', 'Culture'}, -- People (Mangalore City) from Category:People from Mangalore {'Harsha Raj Gatty', 'Q5673795', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Kasargod Patnashetti Gopal Rao', 'Q94309385', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Harekala Hajabba', 'Q61873224', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Mahendra Kumar', 'Q6733737', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Clemens Mendonca', 'Q1100032', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Baptist Mudartha', 'Q807098', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'V. M. M. Nair', 'Q88217515', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Dhanalakshmi Poojary', 'Q138744270', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Harish Poonja', 'Q108090092', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Valerian Rodrigues', 'Q24006655', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Peter Paul Saldanha', 'Q55354118', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Käte Schaller-Härlin', 'Q1795505', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Isha Sharma', 'Q108400471', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, {'Sally Varma', 'Q81942730', 'People (Mangalore City)'}, } -- Function to get sitelink for a given QID and wiki local function getSitelink(qid, wiki) if not qid or not wiki then return nil end -- Try to get the entity from Wikidata local success, entity = pcall(mw.wikibase.getEntityObject, qid) if not success or not entity then return nil end local sitelink = entity:getSitelink(wiki) return sitelink end -- Function to create the refresh button using HTML local function createRefreshButton() -- Use raw HTML with proper escaping local button = mw.text.decode([[ <div style="margin: 1em 0; padding: 0.5em; text-align: center;"> <button onclick="location.reload();" style="padding: 8px 16px; background: #0645ad; color: white; border: none; border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; font-size: 14px;"> 🔄 Refresh Sitelinks </button> <span style="margin-left: 1em; font-size: 90%; color: #555;">Click to update article links from Wikidata</span> </div> ]]) return button end -- Function to create the language navigation bar local function createLanguagePicker() local picker = {'<div style="margin: 1em 0; padding: 0.5em; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px;">'} picker[#picker + 1] = '<strong>Languages:</strong> ' local links = {} for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local anchor = 'kcm-col-' .. lang.code links[#links + 1] = '[[#' .. anchor .. '|' .. lang.name .. ']]' end picker[#picker + 1] = table.concat(links, ' | ') picker[#picker + 1] = '</div>' return table.concat(picker) end -- Function to create the table header local function createTableHeader() local header = { '{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%;"', '|+ Mangalore Topics - Article Availability', '! №', '! style="width: 25%;" | Article', '! style="width: 15%;" | Category', } -- Add language columns with IDs for anchoring for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local id = ' id="kcm-col-' .. lang.code .. '"' local title = ' title="' .. lang.name .. ' Wikipedia"' header[#header + 1] = '!' .. id .. title .. ' | ' .. lang.name end header[#header + 1] = '! Wikidata' return table.concat(header, '\n') end -- Function to create a table row for a topic with sitelinks local function createTopicRow(index, topic) local title = topic[1] local qid = topic[2] local category = topic[3] or 'General' -- Build the row local row = { '\n|-', '| ' .. index, '| [[' .. title .. ']]', '| ' .. category, } -- Get and display sitelinks for each language for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local sitelink = getSitelink(qid, lang.wiki) if sitelink then -- Link to the article in that language local fullLink = '[[:' .. lang.code .. ':' .. sitelink .. '|' .. sitelink .. ']]' row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #d4f4d4; text-align: center;" | ' .. fullLink else row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end end row[#row + 1] = '| [[d:' .. qid .. '|' .. qid .. ']]' return table.concat(row, '\n') end -- Function to create the table footer with statistics local function createTableFooter() local totalTopics = #topics if totalTopics == 0 then return '\n|-\n| colspan="7" style="text-align: center;" | No topics available' end -- Calculate column statistics local colStats = {} for i = 1, #languages do colStats[i] = {exists = 0, missing = 0} end for _, topic in ipairs(topics) do local qid = topic[2] for i, lang in ipairs(languages) do local sitelink = getSitelink(qid, lang.wiki) if sitelink then colStats[i].exists = colStats[i].exists + 1 else colStats[i].missing = colStats[i].missing + 1 end end end -- Create footer row local footer = { '\n|- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f0f0f0;"', '| colspan="3" | Total articles', } for i = 1, #languages do footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. colStats[i].exists .. ' / ' .. totalTopics end footer[#footer + 1] = '|' return table.concat(footer, '\n') end -- Function to create a row with category totals local function createCategoryFooter() -- Group topics by category local categories = {} for _, topic in ipairs(topics) do local cat = topic[3] or 'General' if not categories[cat] then categories[cat] = {} end table.insert(categories[cat], topic) end local footer = {} for catName, catTopics in pairs(categories) do local total = #catTopics local colStats = {} for i = 1, #languages do colStats[i] = 0 end for _, topic in ipairs(catTopics) do local qid = topic[2] for i, lang in ipairs(languages) do local sitelink = getSitelink(qid, lang.wiki) if sitelink then colStats[i] = colStats[i] + 1 end end end footer[#footer + 1] = '\n|- class="sortbottom" style="background: #f8f9fa; font-weight: bold;"' footer[#footer + 1] = '| colspan="3" | ' .. catName .. ' (total: ' .. total .. ')' for i = 1, #languages do footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. colStats[i] .. ' / ' .. total end footer[#footer + 1] = '|' end return table.concat(footer, '\n') end -- Main function to render the complete table function p.table(frame) local result = {} -- Add refresh button - using #tag parser function result[#result + 1] = createRefreshButton() -- Add language picker result[#result + 1] = createLanguagePicker() -- Add data source info result[#result + 1] = [[ <div style="margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0.5em; background: #e8f4f8; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 90%;"> <strong>Data sources:</strong> <ul> <li>Articles from Mangalorean cuisine, Culture of Mangalore, and People from Mangalore categories</li> <li>Links are fetched directly from Wikidata in real-time</li> <li style="background: #d4f4d4; padding: 2px 4px;">Green = article exists in that language</li> <li style="background: #ffe0e0; padding: 2px 4px;">Red = article does not exist</li> </ul> </div> ]] -- Start the table result[#result + 1] = createTableHeader() -- Add topic rows for index, topic in ipairs(topics) do result[#result + 1] = createTopicRow(index, topic) end -- Add category footers result[#result + 1] = createCategoryFooter() -- Add total footer result[#result + 1] = createTableFooter() -- Close the table result[#result + 1] = '\n|}' -- Add notes section with update instructions result[#result + 1] = [[ <div style="margin-top: 1em; padding: 0.5em; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 90%;"> <strong>Notes:</strong> <ul> <li>Click the <strong>"Refresh Sitelinks"</strong> button above to update all article links from Wikidata</li> <li>This table shows actual article titles as they appear in each language Wikipedia</li> <li>Click on any article link to view it in that language</li> <li>Click on Wikidata IDs to view/edit the item</li> <li>Data is fetched dynamically from Wikidata each time the page loads</li> </ul> </div> ]] return table.concat(result, '\n') end -- Function to get sitelinks for a single QID (useful for debugging) function p.getSitelinks(frame) local qid = frame.args[1] or 'Q33481' -- Default to Mangalore local result = {} result[#result + 1] = '=== Sitelinks for ' .. qid .. ' ===' result[#result + 1] = '{| class="wikitable"' result[#result + 1] = '! Language !! Article' for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local sitelink = getSitelink(qid, lang.wiki) if sitelink then result[#result + 1] = '|-\n| ' .. lang.name .. '\n| [[' .. lang.code .. ':' .. sitelink .. '|' .. sitelink .. ']]' else result[#result + 1] = '|-\n| ' .. lang.name .. '\n| −' end end result[#result + 1] = '|}' return table.concat(result, '\n') end -- Function to show a summary of missing articles function p.missingArticles(frame) local result = {} result[#result + 1] = '=== Missing Articles ===' result[#result + 1] = 'These articles need to be created in Tulu Wikipedia:\n' local missing = {} for _, topic in ipairs(topics) do local qid = topic[2] local title = topic[1] local sitelink = getSitelink(qid, 'tcywiki') if not sitelink then table.insert(missing, {title = title, qid = qid}) end end if #missing == 0 then result[#result + 1] = 'All articles have Tulu Wikipedia pages!' else result[#result + 1] = 'Articles missing in Tulu Wikipedia (' .. #missing .. '):\n' result[#result + 1] = '{| class="wikitable sortable"' result[#result + 1] = '! № !! Article !! Wikidata' for i, item in ipairs(missing) do result[#result + 1] = '|-\n| ' .. i .. '\n| [[' .. item.title .. ']]\n| [[d:' .. item.qid .. '|' .. item.qid .. ']]' end result[#result + 1] = '|}' end return table.concat(result, '\n') end -- Function to create a table with only missing Tulu articles and their Kannada/English sitelinks function p.missingTuluArticles(frame) local result = {} result[#result + 1] = '=== Tulu Wikipedia - Missing Articles ===' result[#result + 1] = 'Articles that exist in English/Kannada but need Tulu translations:\n' local missing = {} for _, topic in ipairs(topics) do local qid = topic[2] local title = topic[1] local category = topic[3] or 'General' local tcyLink = getSitelink(qid, 'tcywiki') local enLink = getSitelink(qid, 'enwiki') local knLink = getSitelink(qid, 'knwiki') if not tcyLink then table.insert(missing, { title = title, qid = qid, category = category, enLink = enLink, knLink = knLink }) end end if #missing == 0 then result[#result + 1] = 'All articles have Tulu Wikipedia pages!' else result[#result + 1] = 'Articles missing in Tulu Wikipedia (' .. #missing .. '):\n' result[#result + 1] = '{| class="wikitable sortable"' result[#result + 1] = '! № !! Article !! Category !! English !! ಕನ್ನಡ !! Wikidata' for i, item in ipairs(missing) do local enDisplay = item.enLink and '[[:en:' .. item.enLink .. '|' .. item.enLink .. ']]' or '−' local knDisplay = item.knLink and '[[:kn:' .. item.knLink .. '|' .. item.knLink .. ']]' or '−' result[#result + 1] = '|-\n| ' .. i .. '\n| [[' .. item.title .. ']]' .. '\n| ' .. item.category .. '\n| ' .. enDisplay .. '\n| ' .. knDisplay .. '\n| [[d:' .. item.qid .. '|' .. item.qid .. ']]' end result[#result + 1] = '|}' end return table.concat(result, '\n') end return p bhwfzxzejxqxzvzzq2sffxw2fpzuvxg 366829 366818 2026-08-24T05:53:52Z A826 4610 366829 Scribunto text/plain --[[ Module:MangaloreTopicsTable Usage: {{#invoke:MangaloreTopicsTable|table}} This module generates a language availability table for Mangalore-related topics. Displays sitelinks for English, Kannada, and Tulu Wikipedias. ]] local p = {} -- Define the languages to display in the table (only 3 languages) local languages = { {code = 'en', name = 'English', wiki = 'enwiki'}, {code = 'kn', name = 'ಕನ್ನಡ', wiki = 'knwiki'}, {code = 'tcy', name = 'ತುಳು', wiki = 'tcywiki'} } -- Define the topics with their Wikidata QIDs and categories -- Format: {title, qid, category, en_sitelink, kn_sitelink, tcy_sitelink} -- Note: Use double quotes for strings with apostrophes to avoid escaping issues local topics = { -- Cuisine from Category:Mangalorean cuisine {"Bafat", "Q4841320", "Cuisine", "Bafat", "ಬಫತ್", ""}, {"Chandrakala (dessert)", "Q5071356", "Cuisine", "Chandrakala (dessert)", "", ""}, {"Chicken ghee roast", "Q28153715", "Cuisine", "Chicken ghee roast", "", ""}, {"Dosa (food)", "Q920940", "Cuisine", "Dosa (food)", "ದೋಸೆ", ""}, {"Fish pulimunchi", "Q125801330", "Cuisine", "Fish pulimunchi", "", ""}, {"Gujhia", "Q10997735", "Cuisine", "Gujhia", "ಗುಜಿಯಾ", ""}, {"Kidyo", "Q6405076", "Cuisine", "Kidyo", "", ""}, {"Kori rotti", "Q6432257", "Cuisine", "Kori rotti", "ಕೋರಿ ರೊಟ್ಟಿ", "ಕೋರಿ ರೊಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Kuswar", "Q17050765", "Cuisine", "Kuswar", "", ""}, {"Mangalore bajji", "Q6748722", "Cuisine", "Mangalore bajji", "ಗೋಳಿಬಜೆ", "ಗೋಳಿ ಬಜೆ"}, {"Mangalore buns", "Q28154541", "Cuisine", "Mangalore buns", "ಬನ್ಸ್", "ಬನ್ಸ್"}, {"Mangalorean Catholic cuisine", "Q6748728", "Cuisine", "Mangalorean Catholic cuisine", "", ""}, {"Mangalorean chicken sukka", "Q28154305", "Cuisine", "Mangalorean chicken sukka", "", "ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಕೋರಿ ಸುಕ್ಕ"}, {"Masala dosa", "Q11771087", "Cuisine", "Masala dosa", "ಮಸಾಲೆ ದೋಸೆ", "ಮಸಾಲೆ ದೋಸೆ"}, {"Neer dosa", "Q6986919", "Cuisine", "Neer dosa", "ನೀರ್ ದೋಸೆ", "ನೀರ್ ದೊಸೆ"}, {"Oondees", "Q7095366", "Cuisine", "Oondees", "", ""}, {"Pork bafat", "Q137299303", "Cuisine", "Pork bafat", "", ""}, {"Pundi", "Q28154814", "Cuisine", "Pundi", "ಪುಂಡಿ ಗಸಿ", "ಪುಂಡಿ"}, {"Sanna (dish)", "Q7418805", "Cuisine", "Sanna (dish)", "", ""}, {"Udupi cuisine", "Q3595274", "Cuisine", "Udupi cuisine", "ಉಡುಪಿ ಖಾದ್ಯಶೈಲಿ", ""}, -- Culture from Category:Culture of Mangalore {"Culture of Mangaluru", "Q5193593", "Culture", "Culture of Mangaluru", "ಮಂಗಳೂರಿನ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ", ""}, {"Aloyseum", "Q85741013", "Culture", "Aloyseum", "ಅಲೋಸಿಯಮ್", ""}, {"Architecture of Mangalorean Catholics", "Q4787160", "Culture", "Architecture of Mangalorean Catholics", "", ""}, {"Attire of Mangalorean Catholics", "Q4818523", "Culture", "Attire of Mangalorean Catholics", "ಮಂಗಳೂರಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕರ ಉಡುಪು", ""}, {"Belthangady Varado", "Q24931207", "Culture", "Belthangady Varado", "", ""}, {"Community Radio Sarang", "Q5154850", "Culture", "Community Radio Sarang", "", ""}, {"Culture of Mangalorean Catholics", "Q5193592", "Culture", "Culture of Mangalorean Catholics", "", ""}, {"Kambala", "Q6356259", "Culture", "Kambala", "ಕಂಬಳ", "ಕಂಬುಲ"}, {"Kori Kambla", "Q31830301", "Culture", "Kori Kambla", "ಪೂಕರೆ", "ಪೂಕರೆ"}, {"Mangalorean Catholic literature", "Q6748730", "Culture", "Mangalorean Catholic literature", "", ""}, {"Mangalorean Catholic name", "Q6748731", "Culture", "Mangalorean Catholic name", "", ""}, {"Mangaluru Dasara", "Q17061561", "Culture", "Mangaluru Dasara", "ಮಂಗಳೂರು ದಸರಾ", ""}, {"Pabbas", "Q28154326", "Culture", "Pabbas", "", ""}, {"Pattanaje", "Q31830233", "Culture", "Pattanaje", "ಪತ್ತನಾಜೆ", "ಪತ್ತನಾಜೆ"}, {"Pili Yesa", "Q5935713", "Culture", "Pili Yesa", "ಹುಲಿವೇಷ", "ಪಿಲಿ ವೇಷ"}, {"Pursere Kattuna", "Q132748975", "Culture", "Pursere Kattuna", "ಪುರುಷರ ಕುಣಿತ", "ಪುರ್ಸೆರೆ ಕಟ್ಟುನ"}, {"Siddavesa", "Q31830689", "Culture", "Siddavesa", "ಸಿದ್ಧವೇಷ", "ಸಿದ್ದವೇಸ ನಲಿಕೆ"}, {"Srimanthi Bhai Memorial Government Museum", "Q85802848", "Culture", "Srimanthi Bhai Memorial Government Museum", "ಶ್ರೀಮಂತಿ ಭಾಯಿ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಸರ್ಕಾರಿ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯ", ""}, {"Tulu calendar", "Q7852416", "Culture", "Tulu calendar", "ತುಳು ಕ್ಯಾಲೆಂಡರ್", "ತುಳು ತಿಂಗೊಲು"}, -- People (Mangalore City) from Category:People from Mangalore {"Harsha Raj Gatty", "Q5673795", "People (Mangalore City)", "Harsha Raj Gatty", "", ""}, {"Kasargod Patnashetti Gopal Rao", "Q94309385", "People (Mangalore City)", "Kasargod Patnashetti Gopal Rao", "ಕಾಸರಗೋಡು ಪಟ್ನಾಶೆಟ್ಟಿ ಗೋಪಾಲ್ ರಾವ್", ""}, {"Harekala Hajabba", "Q61873224", "People (Mangalore City)", "Harekala Hajabba", "ಹರೆಕಳ ಹಾಜಬ್ಬ", "ಹರೆಕಳ ಹಾಜಬ್ಬ"}, {"Mahendra Kumar", "Q6733737", "People (Mangalore City)", "Mahendra Kumar", "ಮಹೇಂದ್ರ ಕುಮಾರ್", ""}, {"Clemens Mendonca", "Q1100032", "People (Mangalore City)", "Clemens Mendonca", "", ""}, {"Baptist Mudartha", "Q807098", "People (Mangalore City)", "Baptist Mudartha", "", ""}, {"V. M. M. Nair", "Q88217515", "People (Mangalore City)", "V. M. M. Nair", "", ""}, {"Dhanalakshmi Poojary", "Q138744270", "People (Mangalore City)", "Dhanalakshmi Poojary", "", "ಧನಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿ ಪೂಜಾರಿ"}, {"Harish Poonja", "Q108090092", "People (Mangalore City)", "Harish Poonja", "", ""}, {"Valerian Rodrigues", "Q24006655", "People (Mangalore City)", "Valerian Rodrigues", "", ""}, {"Peter Paul Saldanha", "Q55354118", "People (Mangalore City)", "Peter Paul Saldanha", "", ""}, {"Käte Schaller-Härlin", "Q1795505", "People (Mangalore City)", "Käte Schaller-Härlin", "", ""}, {"Isha Sharma", "Q108400471", "People (Mangalore City)", "Isha Sharma", "", ""}, {"Sally Varma", "Q81942730", "People (Mangalore City)", "Sally Varma", "", ""}, -- People (Ethnic Group) from Category:Mangaloreans {"Mangaloreans", "Q12352241", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Mangaloreans", "", ""}, {"Prahlad Acharya", "Q7237720", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Prahlad Acharya", "", ""}, {"Satish Acharya", "Q12455277", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Satish Acharya", "ಸತೀಶ್ ಆಚಾರ್ಯ", ""}, {"V. S. Acharya", "Q7906213", "People (Ethnic Group)", "V. S. Acharya", "ವಿ. ಎಸ್. ಆಚಾರ್ಯ", "ವಿ. ಎಸ್. ಆಚಾರ್ಯ"}, {"Aravind Adiga", "Q296299", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Aravind Adiga", "ಅರವಿಂದ್ ಅಡಿಗ", ""}, {"Gopalakrishna Adiga", "Q5584216", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Gopalakrishna Adiga", "ಗೋಪಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಅಡಿಗ", "ಗೋಪಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಅಡಿಗ"}, {"Stan Ageira", "Q7597522", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Stan Ageira", "", ""}, {"Joachim Alva", "Q6204502", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Joachim Alva", "ಜೋಕಿಮ್ ಆಳ್ವಾ", ""}, {"S. K. Amin", "Q7387570", "People (Ethnic Group)", "S. K. Amin", "", ""}, {"Chirashree Anchan", "Q57534334", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Chirashree Anchan", "", ""}, {"Anushree (Kannada actress)", "Q26221433", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Anushree (Kannada actress)", "ಅನುಶ್ರೀ", "ಅನುಶ್ರೀ"}, {"Ranjith Bajpe", "Q21932321", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ranjith Bajpe", "", ""}, {"A. V. Baliga", "Q4648458", "People (Ethnic Group)", "A. V. Baliga", "", ""}, {"Balkrishna Shetty", "Q4851150", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Balkrishna Shetty", "", ""}, {"Ashish Ballal", "Q4805154", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ashish Ballal", "ಆಶಿಶ್ ಬಲ್ಲಾಳ್", ""}, {"Gulzar Banu", "Q5617947", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Gulzar Banu", "ಗುಲ್ಜ಼ಾರ್ ಬಾನು", ""}, {"P. Gururaja Bhat", "Q7117257", "People (Ethnic Group)", "P. Gururaja Bhat", "ಪಿ.ಗುರುರಾಜ ಭಟ್", ""}, {"K. Raghupati Bhat", "Q6323875", "People (Ethnic Group)", "K. Raghupati Bhat", "", ""}, {"U. R. Bhat", "Q7863529", "People (Ethnic Group)", "U. R. Bhat", "", ""}, {"Yogaraj Bhat", "Q7377749", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Yogaraj Bhat", "ಯೋಗರಾಜ ಭಟ್", "ಯೋಗರಾಜ್ ಭಟ್"}, {"Aravind Bolar", "Q20630591", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Aravind Bolar", "ಅರವಿಂದ್ ಬೋಳಾರ್", "ಅರವಿಂದ್ ಬೋಳಾರ್"}, {"Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay", "Q3347911", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay", "ಕಮಲಾದೇವಿ ಚಟ್ಟೋಪಾಧ್ಯಾಯ", "ಕಮಲಾದೇವಿ ಚಟ್ಟೋಪಾಧ್ಯಾಯ"}, {"Abbakka Chowta", "Q717732", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Abbakka Chowta", "ರಾಣಿ ಅಬ್ಬಕ್ಕ", "ರಾಣಿ ಅಬ್ಬಕ್ಕ ದೇವಿ"}, {"Sandeep Chowta", "Q7416066", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sandeep Chowta", "", ""}, {"Richard Crasta", "Q3430666", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Richard Crasta", "", ""}, {"Aloysius Paul D'Souza", "Q4734715", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Aloysius Paul D'Souza", "ಅಲೋಷಿಯಸ್ ಪೌಲ್ ಡಿ'ಸೋಜಾ", ""}, {"Basil Salvadore D'Souza", "Q1967213", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Basil Salvadore D'Souza", "", ""}, {"Faye D'Souza", "Q43078545", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Faye D'Souza", "", ""}, {"Tony D'Souza", "Q7822166", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Tony D'Souza", "", ""}, {"Jerome D'Souza", "Q3190865", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Jerome D'Souza", "", "ಜೆರೋಮ್ ಡಿ'ಸೋಜ"}, {"Rajani Duganna", "Q7285734", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Rajani Duganna", "ರಜನಿ ದುಗಣ್ಣ", ""}, {"Erica Fernandes", "Q16200342", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Erica Fernandes", "ಎರಿಕಾ ಫರ್ನಾಂಡಿಸ್", ""}, {"Lawrence Fernandes", "Q17626796", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Lawrence Fernandes", "", ""}, {"Oscar Fernandes", "Q1453956", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Oscar Fernandes", "ಆಸ್ಕರ್ ಫೆರ್ನಾಂಡಿಸ್", "ಆಸ್ಕರ್ ಫೆರ್ನಾಂಡಿಸ್"}, {"Victor R. Fernandes", "Q7926259", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Victor R. Fernandes", "", ""}, {"Kadri Gopalnath", "Q377887", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Kadri Gopalnath", "ಕದ್ರಿ ಗೋಪಾಲನಾಥ್", ""}, {"M. Govinda Pai", "Q3595272", "People (Ethnic Group)", "M. Govinda Pai", "ಗೋವಿಂದ ಪೈ", "ಮಂಜೇಶ್ವರ ಗೋವಿಂದ ಪೈ"}, {"Bannanje Govindacharya", "Q4856866", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Bannanje Govindacharya", "ಬನ್ನಂಜೆ ಗೋವಿಂದಾಚಾರ್ಯ", "ಬನ್ನಂಜೆ ಗೋವಿಂದಾಚಾರ್ಯ"}, {"Gurukiran", "Q5620498", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Gurukiran", "ಗುರುಕಿರಣ್", "ಗುರುಕಿರಣ್"}, {"K. S. Hegde", "Q5796923", "People (Ethnic Group)", "K. S. Hegde", "", "ಕೆ. ಎಸ್. ಹೆಗ್ಡೆ"}, {"B. M. Hegde", "Q4883664", "People (Ethnic Group)", "B. M. Hegde", "ಬಿ.ಎಮ್.ಹೆಗ್ಡೆ", ""}, {"Ganesh Hegde", "Q5520834", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ganesh Hegde", "", ""}, {"Ravivarma Narasimha Domba Heggade", "Q7296788", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ravivarma Narasimha Domba Heggade", "ರವಿವರ್ಮ ನರಸಿಂಹ ಡೊಂಬ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ", "ರವಿವರ್ಮ ನರಸಿಂಹ ಡೊಂಬ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ"}, {"Veerendra Heggade", "Q4776900", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Veerendra Heggade", "ವೀರೇಂದ್ರ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ", "ವೀರೇಂದ್ರ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ"}, {"Bakila Hukrappa", "Q25246589", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Bakila Hukrappa", "", ""}, {"Alangar Jayagovind", "Q16107355", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Alangar Jayagovind", "", ""}, {"M. V. Kamath", "Q3877603", "People (Ethnic Group)", "M. V. Kamath", "ಎಮ್. ವಿ. ಕಾಮತ್", "ಎಂ.ವಿ.ಕಾಮತ್"}, {"Devadas Kapikad", "Q19661727", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Devadas Kapikad", "ದೇವದಾಸ್ ಕಾಪಿಕಾಡ್", "ದೇವದಾಸ್ ಕಾಪಿಕಾಡ್"}, {"Nalin Kumar Kateel", "Q6960896", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Nalin Kumar Kateel", "ನಳಿನ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ ಕಟೀಲ್", "ನಳಿನ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ ಕಟೀಲ್"}, {"Sheila Khambadkone", "Q7493084", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sheila Khambadkone", "", "ಶೀಲಾ ಕೇಶವ್ ಕಂಬದಕೋಣೆ"}, {"Annapoorna Kini", "Q4767989", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Annapoorna Kini", "", ""}, {"Vaman Srinivas Kudva", "Q3632999", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vaman Srinivas Kudva", "ವಾಮನ ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸ್ ಕುಡ್ವಾ", ""}, {"V. Dhananjay Kumar", "Q7906032", "People (Ethnic Group)", "V. Dhananjay Kumar", "", "ವಿ. ಧನಂಜಯ ಕುಮಾರ್"}, {"Mahendra Kumar", "Q6733737", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Mahendra Kumar", "ಮಹೇಂದ್ರ ಕುಮಾರ್", ""}, {"Praveen Kumar (Mangalore politician)", "Q7238857", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Praveen Kumar (Mangalore politician)", "", ""}, {"Budhi Kunderan", "Q3536900", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Budhi Kunderan", "ಬುಧಿ ಕುಂದೆರನ್", ""}, {"Terence Lewis (choreographer)", "Q7701944", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Terence Lewis (choreographer)", "", ""}, {"Rita Lobo", "Q124668869", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Rita Lobo", "", ""}, {"Mamatha Maben", "Q6745469", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Mamatha Maben", "", ""}, {"Manorama Madhwaraj", "Q6751416", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Manorama Madhwaraj", "", ""}, {"Thimmappaiah Madiyal", "Q7672660", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Thimmappaiah Madiyal", "", "ತಿಮ್ಮಪ್ಪಯ್ಯ ಮಡಿಯಾಲ್"}, {"Sheetal Mallar", "Q7492542", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sheetal Mallar", "", ""}, {"U. Srinivas Mallya", "Q7863541", "People (Ethnic Group)", "U. Srinivas Mallya", "ಉಳ್ಳಾಲ ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಯ", "ಉಳ್ಳಾಲ ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಯ"}, {"Vijay Mallya", "Q173118", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vijay Mallya", "ವಿಜಯ್ ಮಲ್ಯ", ""}, {"Vittal Mallya", "Q7937268", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vittal Mallya", "", "ವಿಠ್ಠಲ್ ಮಲ್ಯ"}, {"Lalaji Mendon", "Q6480170", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Lalaji Mendon", "", ""}, {"Thumbay Moideen", "Q16189405", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Thumbay Moideen", "", ""}, {"Veerappa Moily", "Q3519659", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Veerappa Moily", "ವೀರಪ್ಪ ಮೊಯ್ಲಿ", "ವೀರಪ್ಪ ಮೊಯಿಲಿ"}, {"Sonal Monteiro", "Q52395230", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sonal Monteiro", "", ""}, {"Sundar Rao Nadkarni", "Q7639218", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sundar Rao Nadkarni", "", ""}, {"Narendra Nayak", "Q6965791", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Narendra Nayak", "ನರೇಂದ್ರ ನಾಯಕ್", ""}, {"Ahmed Noori", "Q4695958", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ahmed Noori", "", "ಅಬೂ ರೈಹಾನ್ ಅಹ್ಮದ್ ನೂರಿ"}, {"Ester Noronha", "Q22279433", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ester Noronha", "", ""}, {"Naveen D. Padil", "Q20649321", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Naveen D. Padil", "ನವೀನ್ ಡಿ. ಪಡಿಲ್", "ನವೀನ್ ಡಿ ಪಡೀಲ್"}, {"Ammembal Subba Rao Pai", "Q3630904", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ammembal Subba Rao Pai", "ಅಮ್ಮೆಂಬಳ ಸುಬ್ಬರಾವ್ ಪೈ", "ಅಮ್ಮೆಂಬಳ ಸುಬ್ಬ ರಾವ್ ಪೈ"}, {"Mangalore Ranga Pai", "Q6748716", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Mangalore Ranga Pai", "ಮಂಗಳೂರು ರಂಗ ಪೈ", ""}, {"T. A. Pai", "Q7668113", "People (Ethnic Group)", "T. A. Pai", "", "ಟಿ ಎ ಪೈ"}, {"Tonse Ramesh Upendra Pai", "Q7821663", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Tonse Ramesh Upendra Pai", "", ""}, {"Pandurangashram", "Q7130782", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Pandurangashram", "", ""}, {"Brian J. G. Pereira", "Q16734386", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Brian J. G. Pereira", "", ""}, {"Pius Fidelis Pinto", "Q7199592", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Pius Fidelis Pinto", "", ""}, {"Janardhana Poojary", "Q6150798", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Janardhana Poojary", "", "ಜನಾರ್ಧನ ಪೂಜಾರಿ"}, {"Shubha Poonja", "Q7504558", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Shubha Poonja", "", "ಶುಭ ಪೂಂಜಾ"}, {"Cedric Prakash", "Q5057138", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Cedric Prakash", "", ""}, {"Dinker Belle Rai", "Q21062292", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Dinker Belle Rai", "", ""}, {"Kayyar Kinhanna Rai", "Q6380737", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Kayyar Kinhanna Rai", "ಕಯ್ಯಾರ ಕಿಞ್ಞಣ್ಣ ರೈ", "ಕಯ್ಯಾರ ಕಿಂಞಣ್ಣ ರೈ"}, {"Muthappa Rai", "Q6943821", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Muthappa Rai", "", ""}, {"Satheesha Rai", "Q7426141", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Satheesha Rai", "", ""}, {"Vinay Rai", "Q7931382", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vinay Rai", "", ""}, {"Prakash Raj", "Q1322453", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Prakash Raj", "ಪ್ರಕಾಶ್ ರೈ", "ಪ್ರಕಾಶ್ ರೈ"}, {"Ramchandra P. N.", "Q7289286", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ramchandra P. N.", "", ""}, {"B. Shiva Rao", "Q4834213", "People (Ethnic Group)", "B. Shiva Rao", "ಬಿ. ಶಿವ ರಾವ್", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ಶಿವ ರಾವ್"}, {"Kumble Sundara Rao", "Q81491512", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Kumble Sundara Rao", "ಕುಂಬಳೆ ಸುಂದರ ರಾವ್", "ಕುಂಬಳೆ ಸುಂದರ ರಾವ್"}, {"Udupi Ramachandra Rao", "Q7877236", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Udupi Ramachandra Rao", "ಯು. ಆರ್. ರಾವ್", "ಯು.ಆರ್.ರಾವ್"}, {"Viren Rasquinha", "Q7933691", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Viren Rasquinha", "", ""}, {"B. N. Rau", "Q817096", "People (Ethnic Group)", "B. N. Rau", "ಬಿ.ಎನ್.ರಾವ್", "ಬಿ. ಎನ್. ರಾವ್"}, {"Benegal Rama Rau", "Q3380621", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Benegal Rama Rau", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ರಾಮ ರಾವ್", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ರಾಮ ರಾವ್"}, {"P. Raghavendra Rau", "Q15996340", "People (Ethnic Group)", "P. Raghavendra Rau", "", "ಪಣಂಬೂರು ರಾಘವೇಂದ್ರ ರಾವ್"}, {"Wilfy Rebimbus", "Q8002044", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Wilfy Rebimbus", "ವಿಲ್ಫಿ ರೆಬಿಂಬಸ್", "ವಿಲ್ಫಿ ರೆಬಿಂಬಸ್"}, {"Jemimah Rodrigues", "Q42898219", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Jemimah Rodrigues", "ಜೆಮಿಮಾ ರೊಡ್ರಿಗಸ್", "ಜೆಮಿಮಾ ರೊಡ್ರಿಗಸ್"}, {"Victor Rodrigues", "Q7926294", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Victor Rodrigues", "", ""}, {"Ibrahim Saeed", "Q5984709", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ibrahim Saeed", "ಇಬ್ರಾಹಿಂ ಸಯೀದ್", ""}, {"M. F. Saldanha", "Q6712567", "People (Ethnic Group)", "M. F. Saldanha", "", ""}, {"B. A. Saletore", "Q4833897", "People (Ethnic Group)", "B. A. Saletore", "", "ಭಾಸ್ಕರ ಆನಂದ್ ಸಾಲೆತೊರೆ"}, {"Stanley Jedidiah Samartha", "Q7599704", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Stanley Jedidiah Samartha", "", ""}, {"Aarti Sequeira", "Q4662650", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Aarti Sequeira", "", ""}, {"Ravi Shastri", "Q3518502", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ravi Shastri", "ರವಿ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಿ", ""}, {"Bellikoth Raghunath Shenoy", "Q4884007", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Bellikoth Raghunath Shenoy", "", "ಬೆಳ್ಳಿಕೊತ್ ರಘುನಾಥ ಶೆಣೈ"}, {"A. B. Shetty", "Q4647569", "People (Ethnic Group)", "A. B. Shetty", "ಅತ್ತಾವರ ಬಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", ""}, {"Ajit Shetty", "Q2449199", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ajit Shetty", "", ""}, {"Avantika Shetty", "Q25898075", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Avantika Shetty", "", ""}, {"B. R. Shetty", "Q4834167", "People (Ethnic Group)", "B. R. Shetty", "ಬಿ. ಆರ್. ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಬಾವಗುತ್ತು ರಘುರಾಮ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Devi Shetty", "Q5266968", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Devi Shetty", "ದೇವಿಪ್ರಸಾದ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ದೇವಿಪ್ರಸಾದ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Hriday Shetty", "Q20875078", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Hriday Shetty", "", "ಹೃದಯ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Kedambadi Jagannath Shetty", "Q6382518", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Kedambadi Jagannath Shetty", "", ""}, {"M. B. Shetty", "Q5447845", "People (Ethnic Group)", "M. B. Shetty", "ಎಮ್. ಬಿ. ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಎಮ್. ಬಿ. ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Prakash Shetty", "Q7238196", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Prakash Shetty", "", ""}, {"Rakshit Shetty", "Q16239340", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Rakshit Shetty", "ರಕ್ಷಿತ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ರಕ್ಷಿತ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Rohit Shetty", "Q6716074", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Rohit Shetty", "ರೋಹಿತ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", ""}, {"Sandeep Shetty", "Q21933180", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sandeep Shetty", "ಸಂದೀಪ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಸಂದೀಪ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Shamita Shetty", "Q2393916", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Shamita Shetty", "", ""}, {"Shashi Kiran Shetty", "Q7490556", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Shashi Kiran Shetty", "", ""}, {"Shilpa Shetty", "Q270665", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Shilpa Shetty", "ಶಿಲ್ಪಾ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಶಿಲ್ಪಾ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Suniel Shetty", "Q983043", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Suniel Shetty", "ಸುನೀಲ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಸುನೀಲ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Varuna Shetty", "Q16202902", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Varuna Shetty", "", ""}, {"Gundibail Sunderam", "Q5618639", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Gundibail Sunderam", "", ""}, {"Suryanarayana (Bajrang Dal)", "Q7647418", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Suryanarayana (Bajrang Dal)", "", ""}, {"Sneha Ullal", "Q469215", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sneha Ullal", "", "ಸ್ನೇಹಾ ಉಲ್ಲಾಳ್"}, {"Vamanashram", "Q7912917", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vamanashram", "", ""}, {"Bhojaraj Vamanjoor", "Q23761449", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Bhojaraj Vamanjoor", "", ""}, {"Vidyabhushana", "Q7377137", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vidyabhushana", "ವಿದ್ಯಾಭೂಷಣ", ""}, -- People (Dakshina Kannada) from Category:People from Dakshina Kannada district {"Ganapathi Rao Aigal", "Q5520489", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ganapathi Rao Aigal", "", ""}, {"Bellipadi Chandrahasa Alva", "Q4833927", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Bellipadi Chandrahasa Alva", "", ""}, {"Amara Sullia Rebellion", "Q108142412", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Amara Sullia Rebellion", "ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಹೋರಾಟ ೧೮೩೭", "ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ ಸೊಸಂತ್ರೊ ಪೊರಂಬಾಟೊ"}, {"Ranjith Bajpe", "Q21932321", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ranjith Bajpe", "", ""}, {"B. S. Baliga", "Q4834190", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. S. Baliga", "", ""}, {"Bantwal Vaikunta Baliga", "Q4857273", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Bantwal Vaikunta Baliga", "", ""}, {"Ashish Ballal", "Q4805154", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ashish Ballal", "ಆಶಿಶ್ ಬಲ್ಲಾಳ್", ""}, {"K. Vasantha Bangera", "Q24572406", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. Vasantha Bangera", "", ""}, {"Girish Bharadwaj", "Q41775998", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Girish Bharadwaj", "ಗಿರೀಶ್ ಭಾರದ್ವಾಜ್", ""}, {"Ashwini Bhat", "Q23765682", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ashwini Bhat", "ಅಶ್ವಿನಿ ಭಟ್", ""}, {"M. Mariappa Bhat", "Q22006453", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "M. Mariappa Bhat", "", ""}, {"Polali Jayarama Bhat", "Q16841326", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Polali Jayarama Bhat", "", ""}, {"Raghuram Bhat", "Q7283055", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Raghuram Bhat", "ರಘುರಾಮ್ ಭಟ್", ""}, {"U. R. Bhat", "Q7863529", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "U. R. Bhat", "", ""}, {"K. Chidananda Gowda", "Q6323273", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. Chidananda Gowda", "ಕೆ.ಚಿದಾನಂದ ಗೌಡ", ""}, {"Abbakka Chowta", "Q717732", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Abbakka Chowta", "ರಾಣಿ ಅಬ್ಬಕ್ಕ", "ರಾಣಿ ಅಬ್ಬಕ್ಕ ದೇವಿ"}, {"John Michael D'Cunha", "Q18206321", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "John Michael D'Cunha", "", ""}, {"Aloysius Paul D'Souza", "Q4734715", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Aloysius Paul D'Souza", "ಅಲೋಷಿಯಸ್ ಪೌಲ್ ಡಿ'ಸೋಜಾ", ""}, {"William D'Souza", "Q2578515", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "William D'Souza", "", ""}, {"Vasundhara Doraswamy", "Q29446238", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Vasundhara Doraswamy", "ವಸುಂಧರಾ ದೊರೈಸ್ವಾಮಿ", ""}, {"Kadri Gopalnath", "Q377887", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kadri Gopalnath", "ಕದ್ರಿ ಗೋಪಾಲನಾಥ್", ""}, {"Sadananda Gowda", "Q1151446", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Sadananda Gowda", "ಡಿ. ವಿ. ಸದಾನಂದ ಗೌಡ", "ಡಿ. ವಿ. ಸದಾನಂದ ಗೌಡ"}, {"Sinchana D. Gowda", "Q106240774", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Sinchana D. Gowda", "", "ಸಿಂಚನಾ ಡಿ ಗೌಡ"}, {"Veerendra Heggade", "Q4776900", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Veerendra Heggade", "ವೀರೇಂದ್ರ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ", "ವೀರೇಂದ್ರ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ"}, {"Mohammed Hussain", "Q3445425", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Mohammed Hussain", "", ""}, {"S. A. Hussain", "Q7387337", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "S. A. Hussain", "", ""}, {"B. M. Idinabba", "Q4834109", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. M. Idinabba", "ಬಿ.ಎಂ.ಇದಿನಬ್ಬ", ""}, {"Abhayachandra Jain", "Q24572340", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Abhayachandra Jain", "", "ಕೆ. ಅಭಯಚಂದ್ರ ಜೈನ್"}, {"Padmanabh Jaini", "Q7123844", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Padmanabh Jaini", "", ""}, {"Alangar Jayagovind", "Q16107355", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Alangar Jayagovind", "", ""}, {"Jayamala", "Q6123633", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Jayamala", "ಜಯಮಾಲಾ", "ಜಯಮಾಲಾ"}, {"Jogi (writer)", "Q15717845", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Jogi (writer)", "ಗಿರೀಶ್ ರಾವ್ ಹತ್ವಾರ್", ""}, {"Kalpana (Kannada actress)", "Q13158764", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kalpana (Kannada actress)", "ಕಲ್ಪನಾ", ""}, {"Ganapatrao Maharaj Kannur", "Q16016184", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ganapatrao Maharaj Kannur", "ಗಣಪತರಾವ್ ಮಹಾರಾಜ", ""}, {"Shobha Karandlaje", "Q7499789", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Shobha Karandlaje", "ಶೋಭಾ ಕರಂದ್ಲಾಜೆ", "ಶೋಭಾ ಕರಂದ್ಲಾಜೆ"}, {"B. V. Karanth", "Q3595279", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. V. Karanth", "ಬಿ. ವಿ. ಕಾರಂತ್", "ಬಿ. ವಿ. ಕಾರಂತ್"}, {"K. Ullas Karanth", "Q6324136", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. Ullas Karanth", "ಕೆ. ಉಲ್ಲಾಸ ಕಾರಂತ", ""}, {"Nalin Kumar Kateel", "Q6960896", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Nalin Kumar Kateel", "ನಳಿನ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ ಕಟೀಲ್", "ನಳಿನ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ ಕಟೀಲ್"}, {"Kavyashree Nayak Ajeru", "Q130323441", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kavyashree Nayak Ajeru", "ಕಾವ್ಯಶ್ರೀ ನಾಯಕ್ ಅಜೇರು", "ಕಾವ್ಯಶ್ರೀ ನಾಯಕ್ ಅಜೇರು"}, {"Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda", "Q115326009", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda", "", ""}, {"Krishnananda Saraswati", "Q2231016", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Krishnananda Saraswati", "ಕೃಷ್ಣಾನಂದ ಸರಸ್ವತಿ", ""}, {"Vaman Srinivas Kudva", "Q3632999", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Vaman Srinivas Kudva", "ವಾಮನ ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸ್ ಕುಡ್ವಾ", ""}, {"Sahana Kumari", "Q16221396", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Sahana Kumari", "ಸಹನಾ ಕುಮಾರಿ", ""}, {"Budhi Kunderan", "Q3536900", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Budhi Kunderan", "ಬುಧಿ ಕುಂದೆರನ್", ""}, {"Bolwar Mahammad Kunhi", "Q4940291", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Bolwar Mahammad Kunhi", "ಬೊಳುವಾರು ಮಹಮದ್ ಕುಂಞಿ", "ಬೊಳುವಾರು ಮಹಮ್ಮದ್ ಕುಂಞಿ"}, {"Kurunji Venkataramana Gowda", "Q15717472", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kurunji Venkataramana Gowda", "ಕುರುಂಜಿ ವೆಂಕಟ್ರಮಣ ಗೌಡ", ""}, {"Madan–Harini", "Q22278971", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Madan–Harini", "", ""}, {"Vijay Mallya", "Q173118", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Vijay Mallya", "ವಿಜಯ್ ಮಲ್ಯ", ""}, {"Mandeep Roy", "Q47482458", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Mandeep Roy", "ಮಂದೀಪ್ ರಾಯ್", ""}, {"V. Manohar", "Q7906129", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "V. Manohar", "ವಿ. ಮನೋಹರ್", ""}, {"J. B. Moraes", "Q6103943", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "J. B. Moraes", "", ""}, {"Lawrence Mukkuzhy", "Q1809229", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Lawrence Mukkuzhy", "", ""}, {"V. Nagaraja", "Q27063790", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "V. Nagaraja", "", ""}, {"Kullal Chickappu Naik", "Q6443100", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kullal Chickappu Naik", "", ""}, {"Nina Nayak", "Q16185495", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Nina Nayak", "ನೀನಾ ನಾಯಕ್", ""}, {"Puttur Narasimha Nayak", "Q7262500", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Puttur Narasimha Nayak", "ಪುತ್ತೂರು ನರಸಿಂಹ ನಾಯಕ್", "ಪುತ್ತೂರು ನರಸಿಂಹ ನಾಯಕ"}, {"Syed Abdul Nazeer", "Q28962585", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Syed Abdul Nazeer", "", ""}, {"Ahmed Noori", "Q4695958", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ahmed Noori", "", "ಅಬೂ ರೈಹಾನ್ ಅಹ್ಮದ್ ನೂರಿ"}, {"Naveen D. Padil", "Q20649321", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Naveen D. Padil", "ನವೀನ್ ಡಿ. ಪಡಿಲ್", "ನವೀನ್ ಡಿ ಪಡೀಲ್"}, {"T. A. Pai", "Q7668113", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "T. A. Pai", "", "ಟಿ ಎ ಪೈ"}, {"Bolanthur Krishna Prabhu", "Q4938937", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Bolanthur Krishna Prabhu", "", ""}, {"Badekkila Pradeep", "Q18356067", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Badekkila Pradeep", "ಬಡೆಕ್ಕಿಲ ಪ್ರದೀಪ್", ""}, {"Mallika Prasad", "Q16734700", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Mallika Prasad", "", ""}, {"Swami Purushottamananda", "Q7653223", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Swami Purushottamananda", "ಸ್ವಾಮಿ ಪುರುಷೋತ್ತಮಾನಂದ", ""}, {"K. E. Radhakrishna", "Q6323328", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. E. Radhakrishna", "", ""}, {"Muthappa Rai", "Q6943821", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Muthappa Rai", "", ""}, {"Ramanath Rai", "Q4834176", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ramanath Rai", "", "ರಮಾನಾಥ ರೈ"}, {"V. T. Rajshekar", "Q7906272", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "V. T. Rajshekar", "", ""}, {"Pandita Ramabai", "Q94889", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Pandita Ramabai", "ಪಂಡಿತಾ ರಮಾಬಾಯಿ", "ಪಂಡಿತ ರಮಾಬಾಯಿ"}, {"Vittal Ramamurthy", "Q7937272", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Vittal Ramamurthy", "ವಿಟ್ಟಲ್ ರಾಮಮೂರ್ತಿ", ""}, {"B. Shiva Rao", "Q4834213", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. Shiva Rao", "ಬಿ. ಶಿವ ರಾವ್", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ಶಿವ ರಾವ್"}, {"Kumble Sundara Rao", "Q81491512", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kumble Sundara Rao", "ಕುಂಬಳೆ ಸುಂದರ ರಾವ್", "ಕುಂಬಳೆ ಸುಂದರ ರಾವ್"}, {"M. V. Vasudeva Rao", "Q16239280", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "M. V. Vasudeva Rao", "ಎಮ್.ವಿ.ವಾಸುದೇವ ರಾವ್", ""}, {"Ratnakaravarni", "Q7295862", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ratnakaravarni", "ರತ್ನಾಕರ ವರ್ಣಿ", "ರತ್ನಾಕರ ವರ್ಣಿ"}, {"B. N. Rau", "Q817096", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. N. Rau", "ಬಿ.ಎನ್.ರಾವ್", "ಬಿ. ಎನ್. ರಾವ್"}, {"Benegal Rama Rau", "Q3380621", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Benegal Rama Rau", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ರಾಮ ರಾವ್", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ರಾಮ ರಾವ್"}, {"P. Raghavendra Rau", "Q15996340", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "P. Raghavendra Rau", "", "ಪಣಂಬೂರು ರಾಘವೇಂದ್ರ ರಾವ್"}, {"Wilfy Rebimbus", "Q8002044", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Wilfy Rebimbus", "ವಿಲ್ಫಿ ರೆಬಿಂಬಸ್", "ವಿಲ್ಫಿ ರೆಬಿಂಬಸ್"}, {"B. A. Saletore", "Q4833897", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. A. Saletore", "", "ಭಾಸ್ಕರ ಆನಂದ್ ಸಾಲೆತೊರೆ"}, {"Stanley Jedidiah Samartha", "Q7599704", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Stanley Jedidiah Samartha", "", ""}, {"Francis Serrao", "Q16064454", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Francis Serrao", "", ""}, {"Chamu Krishna Shastry", "Q3635839", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Chamu Krishna Shastry", "ಚ ಮೂ ಕೃಷ್ಣಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಿ", ""}, {"Basti Vaman Shenoy", "Q4868275", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Basti Vaman Shenoy", "", ""}, {"A. B. Shetty", "Q4647569", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "A. B. Shetty", "ಅತ್ತಾವರ ಬಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", ""}, {"Anand Shetty", "Q14625305", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Anand Shetty", "", ""}, {"B. Nagaraja Shetty", "Q4834129", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. Nagaraja Shetty", "", ""}, {"B. Subbayya Shetty", "Q4834222", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. Subbayya Shetty", "", ""}, {"B. Vittaldas Shetty", "Q4834251", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. Vittaldas Shetty", "", ""}, {"K. Amarnath Shetty", "Q6323077", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. Amarnath Shetty", "ಕೆ. ಅಮರನಾಥ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", ""}, {"Kedambadi Jagannath Shetty", "Q6382518", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kedambadi Jagannath Shetty", "", ""}, {"M. B. Shetty", "Q5447845", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "M. B. Shetty", "ಎಮ್. ಬಿ. ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಎಮ್. ಬಿ. ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Pratheek Shetty", "Q138566621", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Pratheek Shetty", "", ""}, {"Shakunthala T. Shetty", "Q16885595", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Shakunthala T. Shetty", "", ""}, {"Suniel Shetty", "Q983043", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Suniel Shetty", "ಸುನೀಲ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಸುನೀಲ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"K. N. Tailor", "Q19663730", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. N. Tailor", "", "ಕೆ ಎನ್ ಟೈಲರ್"}, {"Tulu Gowda", "Q25110573", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Tulu Gowda", "ತುಳು ಗೌಡ", "ತುಳು ಗೌಡೆರ್"}, {"Vidyabhushana", "Q7377137", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Vidyabhushana", "ವಿದ್ಯಾಭೂಷಣ", ""}, {"P. Subrahmanya Yadapadithaya", "Q124845124", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "P. Subrahmanya Yadapadithaya", "ಪಿ. ಸುಬ್ರಹ್ಮಣ್ಯ ಯಡಪಡಿತ್ತಾಯ", ""} } -- <-- This closing brace was missing -- Function to get sitelink for a given QID and wiki (with caching) local sitelinkCache = {} local function getSitelink(qid, wiki) if not qid or not wiki then return nil end local cacheKey = qid .. '_' .. wiki if sitelinkCache[cacheKey] ~= nil then return sitelinkCache[cacheKey] end -- Try to get the entity from Wikidata local success, entity = pcall(mw.wikibase.getEntityObject, qid) if not success or not entity then sitelinkCache[cacheKey] = nil return nil end local sitelink = entity:getSitelink(wiki) sitelinkCache[cacheKey] = sitelink return sitelink end -- Function to create the language navigation bar local function createLanguagePicker() local picker = {'<div style="margin: 1em 0; padding: 0.5em; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px;">'} picker[#picker + 1] = '<strong>Languages:</strong> ' local links = {} for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local anchor = 'kcm-col-' .. lang.code links[#links + 1] = '[[#' .. anchor .. '|' .. lang.name .. ']]' end picker[#picker + 1] = table.concat(links, ' | ') picker[#picker + 1] = '</div>' return table.concat(picker) end -- Function to create the table header local function createTableHeader() local header = { '{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%;"', '|+ Mangalore Topics - Article Availability', '! №', '! style="width: 25%;" | Content name', '! style="width: 15%;" | Category', } -- Add language columns with IDs for anchoring for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local id = ' id="kcm-col-' .. lang.code .. '"' local title = ' title="' .. lang.name .. ' Wikipedia"' header[#header + 1] = '!' .. id .. title .. ' | ' .. lang.name end header[#header + 1] = '! Wikidata' return table.concat(header, '\n') end -- Function to create a table row for a topic with sitelinks local function createTopicRow(index, topic) local title = topic[1] local qid = topic[2] local category = topic[3] or 'General' local enSitelink = topic[4] or '' local knSitelink = topic[5] or '' local tcySitelink = topic[6] or '' -- Build the row local row = { '\n|-', '| ' .. index, '| ' .. title, '| ' .. category, } -- Display sitelinks for each language -- English if enSitelink and enSitelink ~= '' then row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #d4f4d4; text-align: center;" | [[:en:' .. enSitelink .. '|' .. enSitelink .. ']]' else row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end -- Kannada if knSitelink and knSitelink ~= '' then row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #d4f4d4; text-align: center;" | [[:kn:' .. knSitelink .. '|' .. knSitelink .. ']]' else row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end -- Tulu if tcySitelink and tcySitelink ~= '' then row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #d4f4d4; text-align: center;" | [[:tcy:' .. tcySitelink .. '|' .. tcySitelink .. ']]' else row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end row[#row + 1] = '| [[d:' .. qid .. '|' .. qid .. ']]' return table.concat(row, '\n') end -- Function to create the table footer with statistics local function createTableFooter() local totalTopics = #topics if totalTopics == 0 then return '\n|-\n| colspan="7" style="text-align: center;" | No topics available' end -- Calculate column statistics local colStats = {} for i = 1, #languages do colStats[i] = {exists = 0, missing = 0} end for _, topic in ipairs(topics) do -- Check English if topic[4] and topic[4] ~= '' then colStats[1].exists = colStats[1].exists + 1 else colStats[1].missing = colStats[1].missing + 1 end -- Check Kannada if topic[5] and topic[5] ~= '' then colStats[2].exists = colStats[2].exists + 1 else colStats[2].missing = colStats[2].missing + 1 end -- Check Tulu if topic[6] and topic[6] ~= '' then colStats[3].exists = colStats[3].exists + 1 else colStats[3].missing = colStats[3].missing + 1 end end -- Create footer row local footer = { '\n|- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f0f0f0;"', '| colspan="3" | Total articles', } for i = 1, #languages do footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. colStats[i].exists .. ' / ' .. totalTopics end footer[#footer + 1] = '|' return table.concat(footer, '\n') end -- Function to create a row with category totals local function createCategoryFooter() -- Group topics by category local categories = {} for _, topic in ipairs(topics) do local cat = topic[3] or 'General' if not categories[cat] then categories[cat] = {} end table.insert(categories[cat], topic) end local footer = {} for catName, catTopics in pairs(categories) do local total = #catTopics local colStats = {} for i = 1, #languages do colStats[i] = 0 end for _, topic in ipairs(catTopics) do if topic[4] and topic[4] ~= '' then colStats[1] = colStats[1] + 1 end if topic[5] and topic[5] ~= '' then colStats[2] = colStats[2] + 1 end if topic[6] and topic[6] ~= '' then colStats[3] = colStats[3] + 1 end end footer[#footer + 1] = '\n|- class="sortbottom" style="background: #f8f9fa; font-weight: bold;"' footer[#footer + 1] = '| colspan="3" | ' .. catName .. ' (total: ' .. total .. ')' for i = 1, #languages do footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. colStats[i] .. ' / ' .. total end footer[#footer + 1] = '|' end return table.concat(footer, '\n') end -- Main function to render the complete table function p.table(frame) local result = {} -- Add language picker result[#result + 1] = createLanguagePicker() -- Add data source info result[#result + 1] = [[ <div style="margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0.5em; background: #e8f4f8; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 90%;"> <strong>Data sources:</strong> <ul> <li>Articles from Mangalorean cuisine, Culture of Mangalore, and People from Mangalore categories</li> <li>Links are fetched directly from Wikidata in real-time</li> <li style="background: #d4f4d4; padding: 2px 4px;">Green = article exists in that language</li> <li style="background: #ffe0e0; padding: 2px 4px;">Red = article does not exist</li> </ul> </div> ]] -- Start the table result[#result + 1] = createTableHeader() -- Add topic rows for index, topic in ipairs(topics) do result[#result + 1] = createTopicRow(index, topic) end -- Add category footers result[#result + 1] = createCategoryFooter() -- Add total footer result[#result + 1] = createTableFooter() -- Close the table result[#result + 1] = '\n|}' -- Add notes section result[#result + 1] = [[ <div style="margin-top: 1em; padding: 0.5em; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 90%;"> <strong>Notes:</strong> <ul> <li>This table shows actual article titles as they appear in each language Wikipedia</li> <li>Click on any article link to view it in that language</li> <li>Click on Wikidata IDs to view/edit the item</li> <li>Data is fetched dynamically from Wikidata each time the page loads</li> </ul> </div> ]] return table.concat(result, '\n') end return p j2gtn38wo05izmhgl27ba2d9i6zxee7 366830 366829 2026-08-24T05:56:14Z A826 4610 366830 Scribunto text/plain --[[ Module:MangaloreTopicsTable Usage: {{#invoke:MangaloreTopicsTable|table}} This module generates a language availability table for Mangalore-related topics. Displays sitelinks for English, Kannada, and Tulu Wikipedias. ]] local p = {} -- Define the languages to display in the table (only 3 languages) local languages = { {code = 'en', name = 'English', wiki = 'enwiki'}, {code = 'kn', name = 'ಕನ್ನಡ', wiki = 'knwiki'}, {code = 'tcy', name = 'ತುಳು', wiki = 'tcywiki'} } -- Define the topics with their Wikidata QIDs and categories -- Format: {title, qid, category, en_sitelink, kn_sitelink, tcy_sitelink} -- Note: Use double quotes for strings with apostrophes to avoid escaping issues local topics = { -- Cuisine from Category:Mangalorean cuisine {"Bafat", "Q4841320", "Cuisine", "Bafat", "ಬಫತ್", ""}, {"Chandrakala (dessert)", "Q5071356", "Cuisine", "Chandrakala (dessert)", "", ""}, {"Chicken ghee roast", "Q28153715", "Cuisine", "Chicken ghee roast", "", ""}, {"Dosa (food)", "Q920940", "Cuisine", "Dosa (food)", "ದೋಸೆ", ""}, {"Fish pulimunchi", "Q125801330", "Cuisine", "Fish pulimunchi", "", ""}, {"Gujhia", "Q10997735", "Cuisine", "Gujhia", "ಗುಜಿಯಾ", ""}, {"Kidyo", "Q6405076", "Cuisine", "Kidyo", "", ""}, {"Kori rotti", "Q6432257", "Cuisine", "Kori rotti", "ಕೋರಿ ರೊಟ್ಟಿ", "ಕೋರಿ ರೊಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Kuswar", "Q17050765", "Cuisine", "Kuswar", "", ""}, {"Mangalore bajji", "Q6748722", "Cuisine", "Mangalore bajji", "ಗೋಳಿಬಜೆ", "ಗೋಳಿ ಬಜೆ"}, {"Mangalore buns", "Q28154541", "Cuisine", "Mangalore buns", "ಬನ್ಸ್", "ಬನ್ಸ್"}, {"Mangalorean Catholic cuisine", "Q6748728", "Cuisine", "Mangalorean Catholic cuisine", "", ""}, {"Mangalorean chicken sukka", "Q28154305", "Cuisine", "Mangalorean chicken sukka", "", "ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಕೋರಿ ಸುಕ್ಕ"}, {"Masala dosa", "Q11771087", "Cuisine", "Masala dosa", "ಮಸಾಲೆ ದೋಸೆ", "ಮಸಾಲೆ ದೋಸೆ"}, {"Neer dosa", "Q6986919", "Cuisine", "Neer dosa", "ನೀರ್ ದೋಸೆ", "ನೀರ್ ದೊಸೆ"}, {"Oondees", "Q7095366", "Cuisine", "Oondees", "", ""}, {"Pork bafat", "Q137299303", "Cuisine", "Pork bafat", "", ""}, {"Pundi", "Q28154814", "Cuisine", "Pundi", "ಪುಂಡಿ ಗಸಿ", "ಪುಂಡಿ"}, {"Sanna (dish)", "Q7418805", "Cuisine", "Sanna (dish)", "", ""}, {"Udupi cuisine", "Q3595274", "Cuisine", "Udupi cuisine", "ಉಡುಪಿ ಖಾದ್ಯಶೈಲಿ", ""}, -- Culture from Category:Culture of Mangalore {"Culture of Mangaluru", "Q5193593", "Culture", "Culture of Mangaluru", "ಮಂಗಳೂರಿನ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ", ""}, {"Aloyseum", "Q85741013", "Culture", "Aloyseum", "ಅಲೋಸಿಯಮ್", ""}, {"Architecture of Mangalorean Catholics", "Q4787160", "Culture", "Architecture of Mangalorean Catholics", "", ""}, {"Attire of Mangalorean Catholics", "Q4818523", "Culture", "Attire of Mangalorean Catholics", "ಮಂಗಳೂರಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕರ ಉಡುಪು", ""}, {"Belthangady Varado", "Q24931207", "Culture", "Belthangady Varado", "", ""}, {"Community Radio Sarang", "Q5154850", "Culture", "Community Radio Sarang", "", ""}, {"Culture of Mangalorean Catholics", "Q5193592", "Culture", "Culture of Mangalorean Catholics", "", ""}, {"Kambala", "Q6356259", "Culture", "Kambala", "ಕಂಬಳ", "ಕಂಬುಲ"}, {"Kori Kambla", "Q31830301", "Culture", "Kori Kambla", "ಪೂಕರೆ", "ಪೂಕರೆ"}, {"Mangalorean Catholic literature", "Q6748730", "Culture", "Mangalorean Catholic literature", "", ""}, {"Mangalorean Catholic name", "Q6748731", "Culture", "Mangalorean Catholic name", "", ""}, {"Mangaluru Dasara", "Q17061561", "Culture", "Mangaluru Dasara", "ಮಂಗಳೂರು ದಸರಾ", ""}, {"Pabbas", "Q28154326", "Culture", "Pabbas", "", ""}, {"Pattanaje", "Q31830233", "Culture", "Pattanaje", "ಪತ್ತನಾಜೆ", "ಪತ್ತನಾಜೆ"}, {"Pili Yesa", "Q5935713", "Culture", "Pili Yesa", "ಹುಲಿವೇಷ", "ಪಿಲಿ ವೇಷ"}, {"Pursere Kattuna", "Q132748975", "Culture", "Pursere Kattuna", "ಪುರುಷರ ಕುಣಿತ", "ಪುರ್ಸೆರೆ ಕಟ್ಟುನ"}, {"Siddavesa", "Q31830689", "Culture", "Siddavesa", "ಸಿದ್ಧವೇಷ", "ಸಿದ್ದವೇಸ ನಲಿಕೆ"}, {"Srimanthi Bhai Memorial Government Museum", "Q85802848", "Culture", "Srimanthi Bhai Memorial Government Museum", "ಶ್ರೀಮಂತಿ ಭಾಯಿ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಸರ್ಕಾರಿ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯ", ""}, {"Tulu calendar", "Q7852416", "Culture", "Tulu calendar", "ತುಳು ಕ್ಯಾಲೆಂಡರ್", "ತುಳು ತಿಂಗೊಲು"}, -- People (Mangalore City) from Category:People from Mangalore {"Harsha Raj Gatty", "Q5673795", "People (Mangalore City)", "Harsha Raj Gatty", "", ""}, {"Kasargod Patnashetti Gopal Rao", "Q94309385", "People (Mangalore City)", "Kasargod Patnashetti Gopal Rao", "ಕಾಸರಗೋಡು ಪಟ್ನಾಶೆಟ್ಟಿ ಗೋಪಾಲ್ ರಾವ್", ""}, {"Harekala Hajabba", "Q61873224", "People (Mangalore City)", "Harekala Hajabba", "ಹರೆಕಳ ಹಾಜಬ್ಬ", "ಹರೆಕಳ ಹಾಜಬ್ಬ"}, {"Mahendra Kumar", "Q6733737", "People (Mangalore City)", "Mahendra Kumar", "ಮಹೇಂದ್ರ ಕುಮಾರ್", ""}, {"Clemens Mendonca", "Q1100032", "People (Mangalore City)", "Clemens Mendonca", "", ""}, {"Baptist Mudartha", "Q807098", "People (Mangalore City)", "Baptist Mudartha", "", ""}, {"V. M. M. Nair", "Q88217515", "People (Mangalore City)", "V. M. M. Nair", "", ""}, {"Dhanalakshmi Poojary", "Q138744270", "People (Mangalore City)", "Dhanalakshmi Poojary", "", "ಧನಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿ ಪೂಜಾರಿ"}, {"Harish Poonja", "Q108090092", "People (Mangalore City)", "Harish Poonja", "", ""}, {"Valerian Rodrigues", "Q24006655", "People (Mangalore City)", "Valerian Rodrigues", "", ""}, {"Peter Paul Saldanha", "Q55354118", "People (Mangalore City)", "Peter Paul Saldanha", "", ""}, {"Käte Schaller-Härlin", "Q1795505", "People (Mangalore City)", "Käte Schaller-Härlin", "", ""}, {"Isha Sharma", "Q108400471", "People (Mangalore City)", "Isha Sharma", "", ""}, {"Sally Varma", "Q81942730", "People (Mangalore City)", "Sally Varma", "", ""}, -- People (Ethnic Group) from Category:Mangaloreans {"Mangaloreans", "Q12352241", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Mangaloreans", "", ""}, {"Prahlad Acharya", "Q7237720", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Prahlad Acharya", "", ""}, {"Satish Acharya", "Q12455277", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Satish Acharya", "ಸತೀಶ್ ಆಚಾರ್ಯ", ""}, {"V. S. Acharya", "Q7906213", "People (Ethnic Group)", "V. S. Acharya", "ವಿ. ಎಸ್. ಆಚಾರ್ಯ", "ವಿ. ಎಸ್. ಆಚಾರ್ಯ"}, {"Aravind Adiga", "Q296299", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Aravind Adiga", "ಅರವಿಂದ್ ಅಡಿಗ", ""}, {"Gopalakrishna Adiga", "Q5584216", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Gopalakrishna Adiga", "ಗೋಪಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಅಡಿಗ", "ಗೋಪಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಅಡಿಗ"}, {"Stan Ageira", "Q7597522", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Stan Ageira", "", ""}, {"Joachim Alva", "Q6204502", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Joachim Alva", "ಜೋಕಿಮ್ ಆಳ್ವಾ", ""}, {"S. K. Amin", "Q7387570", "People (Ethnic Group)", "S. K. Amin", "", ""}, {"Chirashree Anchan", "Q57534334", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Chirashree Anchan", "", ""}, {"Anushree (Kannada actress)", "Q26221433", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Anushree (Kannada actress)", "ಅನುಶ್ರೀ", "ಅನುಶ್ರೀ"}, {"Ranjith Bajpe", "Q21932321", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ranjith Bajpe", "", ""}, {"A. V. Baliga", "Q4648458", "People (Ethnic Group)", "A. V. Baliga", "", ""}, {"Balkrishna Shetty", "Q4851150", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Balkrishna Shetty", "", ""}, {"Ashish Ballal", "Q4805154", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ashish Ballal", "ಆಶಿಶ್ ಬಲ್ಲಾಳ್", ""}, {"Gulzar Banu", "Q5617947", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Gulzar Banu", "ಗುಲ್ಜ಼ಾರ್ ಬಾನು", ""}, {"P. Gururaja Bhat", "Q7117257", "People (Ethnic Group)", "P. Gururaja Bhat", "ಪಿ.ಗುರುರಾಜ ಭಟ್", ""}, {"K. Raghupati Bhat", "Q6323875", "People (Ethnic Group)", "K. Raghupati Bhat", "", ""}, {"U. R. Bhat", "Q7863529", "People (Ethnic Group)", "U. R. Bhat", "", ""}, {"Yogaraj Bhat", "Q7377749", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Yogaraj Bhat", "ಯೋಗರಾಜ ಭಟ್", "ಯೋಗರಾಜ್ ಭಟ್"}, {"Aravind Bolar", "Q20630591", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Aravind Bolar", "ಅರವಿಂದ್ ಬೋಳಾರ್", "ಅರವಿಂದ್ ಬೋಳಾರ್"}, {"Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay", "Q3347911", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay", "ಕಮಲಾದೇವಿ ಚಟ್ಟೋಪಾಧ್ಯಾಯ", "ಕಮಲಾದೇವಿ ಚಟ್ಟೋಪಾಧ್ಯಾಯ"}, {"Abbakka Chowta", "Q717732", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Abbakka Chowta", "ರಾಣಿ ಅಬ್ಬಕ್ಕ", "ರಾಣಿ ಅಬ್ಬಕ್ಕ ದೇವಿ"}, {"Sandeep Chowta", "Q7416066", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sandeep Chowta", "", ""}, {"Richard Crasta", "Q3430666", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Richard Crasta", "", ""}, {"Aloysius Paul D'Souza", "Q4734715", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Aloysius Paul D'Souza", "ಅಲೋಷಿಯಸ್ ಪೌಲ್ ಡಿ'ಸೋಜಾ", ""}, {"Basil Salvadore D'Souza", "Q1967213", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Basil Salvadore D'Souza", "", ""}, {"Faye D'Souza", "Q43078545", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Faye D'Souza", "", ""}, {"Tony D'Souza", "Q7822166", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Tony D'Souza", "", ""}, {"Jerome D'Souza", "Q3190865", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Jerome D'Souza", "", "ಜೆರೋಮ್ ಡಿ'ಸೋಜ"}, {"Rajani Duganna", "Q7285734", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Rajani Duganna", "ರಜನಿ ದುಗಣ್ಣ", ""}, {"Erica Fernandes", "Q16200342", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Erica Fernandes", "ಎರಿಕಾ ಫರ್ನಾಂಡಿಸ್", ""}, {"Lawrence Fernandes", "Q17626796", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Lawrence Fernandes", "", ""}, {"Oscar Fernandes", "Q1453956", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Oscar Fernandes", "ಆಸ್ಕರ್ ಫೆರ್ನಾಂಡಿಸ್", "ಆಸ್ಕರ್ ಫೆರ್ನಾಂಡಿಸ್"}, {"Victor R. Fernandes", "Q7926259", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Victor R. Fernandes", "", ""}, {"Kadri Gopalnath", "Q377887", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Kadri Gopalnath", "ಕದ್ರಿ ಗೋಪಾಲನಾಥ್", ""}, {"M. Govinda Pai", "Q3595272", "People (Ethnic Group)", "M. Govinda Pai", "ಗೋವಿಂದ ಪೈ", "ಮಂಜೇಶ್ವರ ಗೋವಿಂದ ಪೈ"}, {"Bannanje Govindacharya", "Q4856866", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Bannanje Govindacharya", "ಬನ್ನಂಜೆ ಗೋವಿಂದಾಚಾರ್ಯ", "ಬನ್ನಂಜೆ ಗೋವಿಂದಾಚಾರ್ಯ"}, {"Gurukiran", "Q5620498", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Gurukiran", "ಗುರುಕಿರಣ್", "ಗುರುಕಿರಣ್"}, {"K. S. Hegde", "Q5796923", "People (Ethnic Group)", "K. S. Hegde", "", "ಕೆ. ಎಸ್. ಹೆಗ್ಡೆ"}, {"B. M. Hegde", "Q4883664", "People (Ethnic Group)", "B. M. Hegde", "ಬಿ.ಎಮ್.ಹೆಗ್ಡೆ", ""}, {"Ganesh Hegde", "Q5520834", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ganesh Hegde", "", ""}, {"Ravivarma Narasimha Domba Heggade", "Q7296788", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ravivarma Narasimha Domba Heggade", "ರವಿವರ್ಮ ನರಸಿಂಹ ಡೊಂಬ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ", "ರವಿವರ್ಮ ನರಸಿಂಹ ಡೊಂಬ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ"}, {"Veerendra Heggade", "Q4776900", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Veerendra Heggade", "ವೀರೇಂದ್ರ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ", "ವೀರೇಂದ್ರ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ"}, {"Bakila Hukrappa", "Q25246589", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Bakila Hukrappa", "", ""}, {"Alangar Jayagovind", "Q16107355", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Alangar Jayagovind", "", ""}, {"M. V. Kamath", "Q3877603", "People (Ethnic Group)", "M. V. Kamath", "ಎಮ್. ವಿ. ಕಾಮತ್", "ಎಂ.ವಿ.ಕಾಮತ್"}, {"Devadas Kapikad", "Q19661727", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Devadas Kapikad", "ದೇವದಾಸ್ ಕಾಪಿಕಾಡ್", "ದೇವದಾಸ್ ಕಾಪಿಕಾಡ್"}, {"Nalin Kumar Kateel", "Q6960896", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Nalin Kumar Kateel", "ನಳಿನ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ ಕಟೀಲ್", "ನಳಿನ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ ಕಟೀಲ್"}, {"Sheila Khambadkone", "Q7493084", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sheila Khambadkone", "", "ಶೀಲಾ ಕೇಶವ್ ಕಂಬದಕೋಣೆ"}, {"Annapoorna Kini", "Q4767989", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Annapoorna Kini", "", ""}, {"Vaman Srinivas Kudva", "Q3632999", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vaman Srinivas Kudva", "ವಾಮನ ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸ್ ಕುಡ್ವಾ", ""}, {"V. Dhananjay Kumar", "Q7906032", "People (Ethnic Group)", "V. Dhananjay Kumar", "", "ವಿ. ಧನಂಜಯ ಕುಮಾರ್"}, {"Mahendra Kumar", "Q6733737", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Mahendra Kumar", "ಮಹೇಂದ್ರ ಕುಮಾರ್", ""}, {"Praveen Kumar (Mangalore politician)", "Q7238857", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Praveen Kumar (Mangalore politician)", "", ""}, {"Budhi Kunderan", "Q3536900", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Budhi Kunderan", "ಬುಧಿ ಕುಂದೆರನ್", ""}, {"Terence Lewis (choreographer)", "Q7701944", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Terence Lewis (choreographer)", "", ""}, {"Rita Lobo", "Q124668869", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Rita Lobo", "", ""}, {"Mamatha Maben", "Q6745469", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Mamatha Maben", "", ""}, {"Manorama Madhwaraj", "Q6751416", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Manorama Madhwaraj", "", ""}, {"Thimmappaiah Madiyal", "Q7672660", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Thimmappaiah Madiyal", "", "ತಿಮ್ಮಪ್ಪಯ್ಯ ಮಡಿಯಾಲ್"}, {"Sheetal Mallar", "Q7492542", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sheetal Mallar", "", ""}, {"U. Srinivas Mallya", "Q7863541", "People (Ethnic Group)", "U. Srinivas Mallya", "ಉಳ್ಳಾಲ ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಯ", "ಉಳ್ಳಾಲ ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಯ"}, {"Vijay Mallya", "Q173118", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vijay Mallya", "ವಿಜಯ್ ಮಲ್ಯ", ""}, {"Vittal Mallya", "Q7937268", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vittal Mallya", "", "ವಿಠ್ಠಲ್ ಮಲ್ಯ"}, {"Lalaji Mendon", "Q6480170", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Lalaji Mendon", "", ""}, {"Thumbay Moideen", "Q16189405", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Thumbay Moideen", "", ""}, {"Veerappa Moily", "Q3519659", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Veerappa Moily", "ವೀರಪ್ಪ ಮೊಯ್ಲಿ", "ವೀರಪ್ಪ ಮೊಯಿಲಿ"}, {"Sonal Monteiro", "Q52395230", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sonal Monteiro", "", ""}, {"Sundar Rao Nadkarni", "Q7639218", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sundar Rao Nadkarni", "", ""}, {"Narendra Nayak", "Q6965791", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Narendra Nayak", "ನರೇಂದ್ರ ನಾಯಕ್", ""}, {"Ahmed Noori", "Q4695958", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ahmed Noori", "", "ಅಬೂ ರೈಹಾನ್ ಅಹ್ಮದ್ ನೂರಿ"}, {"Ester Noronha", "Q22279433", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ester Noronha", "", ""}, {"Naveen D. Padil", "Q20649321", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Naveen D. Padil", "ನವೀನ್ ಡಿ. ಪಡಿಲ್", "ನವೀನ್ ಡಿ ಪಡೀಲ್"}, {"Ammembal Subba Rao Pai", "Q3630904", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ammembal Subba Rao Pai", "ಅಮ್ಮೆಂಬಳ ಸುಬ್ಬರಾವ್ ಪೈ", "ಅಮ್ಮೆಂಬಳ ಸುಬ್ಬ ರಾವ್ ಪೈ"}, {"Mangalore Ranga Pai", "Q6748716", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Mangalore Ranga Pai", "ಮಂಗಳೂರು ರಂಗ ಪೈ", ""}, {"T. A. Pai", "Q7668113", "People (Ethnic Group)", "T. A. Pai", "", "ಟಿ ಎ ಪೈ"}, {"Tonse Ramesh Upendra Pai", "Q7821663", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Tonse Ramesh Upendra Pai", "", ""}, {"Pandurangashram", "Q7130782", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Pandurangashram", "", ""}, {"Brian J. G. Pereira", "Q16734386", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Brian J. G. Pereira", "", ""}, {"Pius Fidelis Pinto", "Q7199592", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Pius Fidelis Pinto", "", ""}, {"Janardhana Poojary", "Q6150798", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Janardhana Poojary", "", "ಜನಾರ್ಧನ ಪೂಜಾರಿ"}, {"Shubha Poonja", "Q7504558", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Shubha Poonja", "", "ಶುಭ ಪೂಂಜಾ"}, {"Cedric Prakash", "Q5057138", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Cedric Prakash", "", ""}, {"Dinker Belle Rai", "Q21062292", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Dinker Belle Rai", "", ""}, {"Kayyar Kinhanna Rai", "Q6380737", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Kayyar Kinhanna Rai", "ಕಯ್ಯಾರ ಕಿಞ್ಞಣ್ಣ ರೈ", "ಕಯ್ಯಾರ ಕಿಂಞಣ್ಣ ರೈ"}, {"Muthappa Rai", "Q6943821", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Muthappa Rai", "", ""}, {"Satheesha Rai", "Q7426141", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Satheesha Rai", "", ""}, {"Vinay Rai", "Q7931382", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vinay Rai", "", ""}, {"Prakash Raj", "Q1322453", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Prakash Raj", "ಪ್ರಕಾಶ್ ರೈ", "ಪ್ರಕಾಶ್ ರೈ"}, {"Ramchandra P. N.", "Q7289286", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ramchandra P. N.", "", ""}, {"B. Shiva Rao", "Q4834213", "People (Ethnic Group)", "B. Shiva Rao", "ಬಿ. ಶಿವ ರಾವ್", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ಶಿವ ರಾವ್"}, {"Kumble Sundara Rao", "Q81491512", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Kumble Sundara Rao", "ಕುಂಬಳೆ ಸುಂದರ ರಾವ್", "ಕುಂಬಳೆ ಸುಂದರ ರಾವ್"}, {"Udupi Ramachandra Rao", "Q7877236", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Udupi Ramachandra Rao", "ಯು. ಆರ್. ರಾವ್", "ಯು.ಆರ್.ರಾವ್"}, {"Viren Rasquinha", "Q7933691", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Viren Rasquinha", "", ""}, {"B. N. Rau", "Q817096", "People (Ethnic Group)", "B. N. Rau", "ಬಿ.ಎನ್.ರಾವ್", "ಬಿ. ಎನ್. ರಾವ್"}, {"Benegal Rama Rau", "Q3380621", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Benegal Rama Rau", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ರಾಮ ರಾವ್", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ರಾಮ ರಾವ್"}, {"P. Raghavendra Rau", "Q15996340", "People (Ethnic Group)", "P. Raghavendra Rau", "", "ಪಣಂಬೂರು ರಾಘವೇಂದ್ರ ರಾವ್"}, {"Wilfy Rebimbus", "Q8002044", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Wilfy Rebimbus", "ವಿಲ್ಫಿ ರೆಬಿಂಬಸ್", "ವಿಲ್ಫಿ ರೆಬಿಂಬಸ್"}, {"Jemimah Rodrigues", "Q42898219", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Jemimah Rodrigues", "ಜೆಮಿಮಾ ರೊಡ್ರಿಗಸ್", "ಜೆಮಿಮಾ ರೊಡ್ರಿಗಸ್"}, {"Victor Rodrigues", "Q7926294", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Victor Rodrigues", "", ""}, {"Ibrahim Saeed", "Q5984709", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ibrahim Saeed", "ಇಬ್ರಾಹಿಂ ಸಯೀದ್", ""}, {"M. F. Saldanha", "Q6712567", "People (Ethnic Group)", "M. F. Saldanha", "", ""}, {"B. A. Saletore", "Q4833897", "People (Ethnic Group)", "B. A. Saletore", "", "ಭಾಸ್ಕರ ಆನಂದ್ ಸಾಲೆತೊರೆ"}, {"Stanley Jedidiah Samartha", "Q7599704", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Stanley Jedidiah Samartha", "", ""}, {"Aarti Sequeira", "Q4662650", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Aarti Sequeira", "", ""}, {"Ravi Shastri", "Q3518502", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ravi Shastri", "ರವಿ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಿ", ""}, {"Bellikoth Raghunath Shenoy", "Q4884007", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Bellikoth Raghunath Shenoy", "", "ಬೆಳ್ಳಿಕೊತ್ ರಘುನಾಥ ಶೆಣೈ"}, {"A. B. Shetty", "Q4647569", "People (Ethnic Group)", "A. B. Shetty", "ಅತ್ತಾವರ ಬಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", ""}, {"Ajit Shetty", "Q2449199", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ajit Shetty", "", ""}, {"Avantika Shetty", "Q25898075", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Avantika Shetty", "", ""}, {"B. R. Shetty", "Q4834167", "People (Ethnic Group)", "B. R. Shetty", "ಬಿ. ಆರ್. ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಬಾವಗುತ್ತು ರಘುರಾಮ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Devi Shetty", "Q5266968", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Devi Shetty", "ದೇವಿಪ್ರಸಾದ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ದೇವಿಪ್ರಸಾದ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Hriday Shetty", "Q20875078", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Hriday Shetty", "", "ಹೃದಯ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Kedambadi Jagannath Shetty", "Q6382518", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Kedambadi Jagannath Shetty", "", ""}, {"M. B. Shetty", "Q5447845", "People (Ethnic Group)", "M. B. Shetty", "ಎಮ್. ಬಿ. ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಎಮ್. ಬಿ. ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Prakash Shetty", "Q7238196", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Prakash Shetty", "", ""}, {"Rakshit Shetty", "Q16239340", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Rakshit Shetty", "ರಕ್ಷಿತ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ರಕ್ಷಿತ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Rohit Shetty", "Q6716074", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Rohit Shetty", "ರೋಹಿತ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", ""}, {"Sandeep Shetty", "Q21933180", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sandeep Shetty", "ಸಂದೀಪ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಸಂದೀಪ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Shamita Shetty", "Q2393916", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Shamita Shetty", "", ""}, {"Shashi Kiran Shetty", "Q7490556", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Shashi Kiran Shetty", "", ""}, {"Shilpa Shetty", "Q270665", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Shilpa Shetty", "ಶಿಲ್ಪಾ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಶಿಲ್ಪಾ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Suniel Shetty", "Q983043", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Suniel Shetty", "ಸುನೀಲ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಸುನೀಲ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Varuna Shetty", "Q16202902", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Varuna Shetty", "", ""}, {"Gundibail Sunderam", "Q5618639", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Gundibail Sunderam", "", ""}, {"Suryanarayana (Bajrang Dal)", "Q7647418", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Suryanarayana (Bajrang Dal)", "", ""}, {"Sneha Ullal", "Q469215", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sneha Ullal", "", "ಸ್ನೇಹಾ ಉಲ್ಲಾಳ್"}, {"Vamanashram", "Q7912917", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vamanashram", "", ""}, {"Bhojaraj Vamanjoor", "Q23761449", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Bhojaraj Vamanjoor", "", ""}, {"Vidyabhushana", "Q7377137", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vidyabhushana", "ವಿದ್ಯಾಭೂಷಣ", ""}, -- People (Dakshina Kannada) from Category:People from Dakshina Kannada district {"Ganapathi Rao Aigal", "Q5520489", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ganapathi Rao Aigal", "", ""}, {"Bellipadi Chandrahasa Alva", "Q4833927", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Bellipadi Chandrahasa Alva", "", ""}, {"Amara Sullia Rebellion", "Q108142412", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Amara Sullia Rebellion", "ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಹೋರಾಟ ೧೮೩೭", "ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ ಸೊಸಂತ್ರೊ ಪೊರಂಬಾಟೊ"}, {"Ranjith Bajpe", "Q21932321", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ranjith Bajpe", "", ""}, {"B. S. Baliga", "Q4834190", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. S. Baliga", "", ""}, {"Bantwal Vaikunta Baliga", "Q4857273", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Bantwal Vaikunta Baliga", "", ""}, {"Ashish Ballal", "Q4805154", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ashish Ballal", "ಆಶಿಶ್ ಬಲ್ಲಾಳ್", ""}, {"K. Vasantha Bangera", "Q24572406", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. Vasantha Bangera", "", ""}, {"Girish Bharadwaj", "Q41775998", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Girish Bharadwaj", "ಗಿರೀಶ್ ಭಾರದ್ವಾಜ್", ""}, {"Ashwini Bhat", "Q23765682", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ashwini Bhat", "ಅಶ್ವಿನಿ ಭಟ್", ""}, {"M. Mariappa Bhat", "Q22006453", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "M. Mariappa Bhat", "", ""}, {"Polali Jayarama Bhat", "Q16841326", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Polali Jayarama Bhat", "", ""}, {"Raghuram Bhat", "Q7283055", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Raghuram Bhat", "ರಘುರಾಮ್ ಭಟ್", ""}, {"U. R. Bhat", "Q7863529", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "U. R. Bhat", "", ""}, {"K. Chidananda Gowda", "Q6323273", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. Chidananda Gowda", "ಕೆ.ಚಿದಾನಂದ ಗೌಡ", ""}, {"Abbakka Chowta", "Q717732", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Abbakka Chowta", "ರಾಣಿ ಅಬ್ಬಕ್ಕ", "ರಾಣಿ ಅಬ್ಬಕ್ಕ ದೇವಿ"}, {"John Michael D'Cunha", "Q18206321", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "John Michael D'Cunha", "", ""}, {"Aloysius Paul D'Souza", "Q4734715", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Aloysius Paul D'Souza", "ಅಲೋಷಿಯಸ್ ಪೌಲ್ ಡಿ'ಸೋಜಾ", ""}, {"William D'Souza", "Q2578515", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "William D'Souza", "", ""}, {"Vasundhara Doraswamy", "Q29446238", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Vasundhara Doraswamy", "ವಸುಂಧರಾ ದೊರೈಸ್ವಾಮಿ", ""}, {"Kadri Gopalnath", "Q377887", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kadri Gopalnath", "ಕದ್ರಿ ಗೋಪಾಲನಾಥ್", ""}, {"Sadananda Gowda", "Q1151446", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Sadananda Gowda", "ಡಿ. ವಿ. ಸದಾನಂದ ಗೌಡ", "ಡಿ. ವಿ. ಸದಾನಂದ ಗೌಡ"}, {"Sinchana D. Gowda", "Q106240774", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Sinchana D. Gowda", "", "ಸಿಂಚನಾ ಡಿ ಗೌಡ"}, {"Veerendra Heggade", "Q4776900", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Veerendra Heggade", "ವೀರೇಂದ್ರ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ", "ವೀರೇಂದ್ರ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ"}, {"Mohammed Hussain", "Q3445425", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Mohammed Hussain", "", ""}, {"S. A. Hussain", "Q7387337", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "S. A. Hussain", "", ""}, {"B. M. Idinabba", "Q4834109", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. M. Idinabba", "ಬಿ.ಎಂ.ಇದಿನಬ್ಬ", ""}, {"Abhayachandra Jain", "Q24572340", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Abhayachandra Jain", "", "ಕೆ. ಅಭಯಚಂದ್ರ ಜೈನ್"}, {"Padmanabh Jaini", "Q7123844", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Padmanabh Jaini", "", ""}, {"Alangar Jayagovind", "Q16107355", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Alangar Jayagovind", "", ""}, {"Jayamala", "Q6123633", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Jayamala", "ಜಯಮಾಲಾ", "ಜಯಮಾಲಾ"}, {"Jogi (writer)", "Q15717845", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Jogi (writer)", "ಗಿರೀಶ್ ರಾವ್ ಹತ್ವಾರ್", ""}, {"Kalpana (Kannada actress)", "Q13158764", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kalpana (Kannada actress)", "ಕಲ್ಪನಾ", ""}, {"Ganapatrao Maharaj Kannur", "Q16016184", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ganapatrao Maharaj Kannur", "ಗಣಪತರಾವ್ ಮಹಾರಾಜ", ""}, {"Shobha Karandlaje", "Q7499789", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Shobha Karandlaje", "ಶೋಭಾ ಕರಂದ್ಲಾಜೆ", "ಶೋಭಾ ಕರಂದ್ಲಾಜೆ"}, {"B. V. Karanth", "Q3595279", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. V. Karanth", "ಬಿ. ವಿ. ಕಾರಂತ್", "ಬಿ. ವಿ. ಕಾರಂತ್"}, {"K. Ullas Karanth", "Q6324136", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. Ullas Karanth", "ಕೆ. ಉಲ್ಲಾಸ ಕಾರಂತ", ""}, {"Nalin Kumar Kateel", "Q6960896", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Nalin Kumar Kateel", "ನಳಿನ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ ಕಟೀಲ್", "ನಳಿನ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ ಕಟೀಲ್"}, {"Kavyashree Nayak Ajeru", "Q130323441", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kavyashree Nayak Ajeru", "ಕಾವ್ಯಶ್ರೀ ನಾಯಕ್ ಅಜೇರು", "ಕಾವ್ಯಶ್ರೀ ನಾಯಕ್ ಅಜೇರು"}, {"Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda", "Q115326009", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda", "", ""}, {"Krishnananda Saraswati", "Q2231016", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Krishnananda Saraswati", "ಕೃಷ್ಣಾನಂದ ಸರಸ್ವತಿ", ""}, {"Vaman Srinivas Kudva", "Q3632999", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Vaman Srinivas Kudva", "ವಾಮನ ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸ್ ಕುಡ್ವಾ", ""}, {"Sahana Kumari", "Q16221396", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Sahana Kumari", "ಸಹನಾ ಕುಮಾರಿ", ""}, {"Budhi Kunderan", "Q3536900", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Budhi Kunderan", "ಬುಧಿ ಕುಂದೆರನ್", ""}, {"Bolwar Mahammad Kunhi", "Q4940291", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Bolwar Mahammad Kunhi", "ಬೊಳುವಾರು ಮಹಮದ್ ಕುಂಞಿ", "ಬೊಳುವಾರು ಮಹಮ್ಮದ್ ಕುಂಞಿ"}, {"Kurunji Venkataramana Gowda", "Q15717472", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kurunji Venkataramana Gowda", "ಕುರುಂಜಿ ವೆಂಕಟ್ರಮಣ ಗೌಡ", ""}, {"Madan–Harini", "Q22278971", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Madan–Harini", "", ""}, {"Vijay Mallya", "Q173118", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Vijay Mallya", "ವಿಜಯ್ ಮಲ್ಯ", ""}, {"Mandeep Roy", "Q47482458", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Mandeep Roy", "ಮಂದೀಪ್ ರಾಯ್", ""}, {"V. Manohar", "Q7906129", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "V. Manohar", "ವಿ. ಮನೋಹರ್", ""}, {"J. B. Moraes", "Q6103943", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "J. B. Moraes", "", ""}, {"Lawrence Mukkuzhy", "Q1809229", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Lawrence Mukkuzhy", "", ""}, {"V. Nagaraja", "Q27063790", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "V. Nagaraja", "", ""}, {"Kullal Chickappu Naik", "Q6443100", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kullal Chickappu Naik", "", ""}, {"Nina Nayak", "Q16185495", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Nina Nayak", "ನೀನಾ ನಾಯಕ್", ""}, {"Puttur Narasimha Nayak", "Q7262500", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Puttur Narasimha Nayak", "ಪುತ್ತೂರು ನರಸಿಂಹ ನಾಯಕ್", "ಪುತ್ತೂರು ನರಸಿಂಹ ನಾಯಕ"}, {"Syed Abdul Nazeer", "Q28962585", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Syed Abdul Nazeer", "", ""}, {"Ahmed Noori", "Q4695958", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ahmed Noori", "", "ಅಬೂ ರೈಹಾನ್ ಅಹ್ಮದ್ ನೂರಿ"}, {"Naveen D. Padil", "Q20649321", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Naveen D. Padil", "ನವೀನ್ ಡಿ. ಪಡಿಲ್", "ನವೀನ್ ಡಿ ಪಡೀಲ್"}, {"T. A. Pai", "Q7668113", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "T. A. Pai", "", "ಟಿ ಎ ಪೈ"}, {"Bolanthur Krishna Prabhu", "Q4938937", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Bolanthur Krishna Prabhu", "", ""}, {"Badekkila Pradeep", "Q18356067", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Badekkila Pradeep", "ಬಡೆಕ್ಕಿಲ ಪ್ರದೀಪ್", ""}, {"Mallika Prasad", "Q16734700", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Mallika Prasad", "", ""}, {"Swami Purushottamananda", "Q7653223", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Swami Purushottamananda", "ಸ್ವಾಮಿ ಪುರುಷೋತ್ತಮಾನಂದ", ""}, {"K. E. Radhakrishna", "Q6323328", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. E. Radhakrishna", "", ""}, {"Muthappa Rai", "Q6943821", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Muthappa Rai", "", ""}, {"Ramanath Rai", "Q4834176", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ramanath Rai", "", "ರಮಾನಾಥ ರೈ"}, {"V. T. Rajshekar", "Q7906272", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "V. T. Rajshekar", "", ""}, {"Pandita Ramabai", "Q94889", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Pandita Ramabai", "ಪಂಡಿತಾ ರಮಾಬಾಯಿ", "ಪಂಡಿತ ರಮಾಬಾಯಿ"}, {"Vittal Ramamurthy", "Q7937272", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Vittal Ramamurthy", "ವಿಟ್ಟಲ್ ರಾಮಮೂರ್ತಿ", ""}, {"B. Shiva Rao", "Q4834213", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. Shiva Rao", "ಬಿ. ಶಿವ ರಾವ್", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ಶಿವ ರಾವ್"}, {"Kumble Sundara Rao", "Q81491512", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kumble Sundara Rao", "ಕುಂಬಳೆ ಸುಂದರ ರಾವ್", "ಕುಂಬಳೆ ಸುಂದರ ರಾವ್"}, {"M. V. Vasudeva Rao", "Q16239280", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "M. V. Vasudeva Rao", "ಎಮ್.ವಿ.ವಾಸುದೇವ ರಾವ್", ""}, {"Ratnakaravarni", "Q7295862", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ratnakaravarni", "ರತ್ನಾಕರ ವರ್ಣಿ", "ರತ್ನಾಕರ ವರ್ಣಿ"}, {"B. N. Rau", "Q817096", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. N. Rau", "ಬಿ.ಎನ್.ರಾವ್", "ಬಿ. ಎನ್. ರಾವ್"}, {"Benegal Rama Rau", "Q3380621", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Benegal Rama Rau", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ರಾಮ ರಾವ್", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ರಾಮ ರಾವ್"}, {"P. Raghavendra Rau", "Q15996340", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "P. Raghavendra Rau", "", "ಪಣಂಬೂರು ರಾಘವೇಂದ್ರ ರಾವ್"}, {"Wilfy Rebimbus", "Q8002044", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Wilfy Rebimbus", "ವಿಲ್ಫಿ ರೆಬಿಂಬಸ್", "ವಿಲ್ಫಿ ರೆಬಿಂಬಸ್"}, {"B. A. Saletore", "Q4833897", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. A. Saletore", "", "ಭಾಸ್ಕರ ಆನಂದ್ ಸಾಲೆತೊರೆ"}, {"Stanley Jedidiah Samartha", "Q7599704", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Stanley Jedidiah Samartha", "", ""}, {"Francis Serrao", "Q16064454", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Francis Serrao", "", ""}, {"Chamu Krishna Shastry", "Q3635839", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Chamu Krishna Shastry", "ಚ ಮೂ ಕೃಷ್ಣಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಿ", ""}, {"Basti Vaman Shenoy", "Q4868275", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Basti Vaman Shenoy", "", ""}, {"A. B. Shetty", "Q4647569", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "A. B. Shetty", "ಅತ್ತಾವರ ಬಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", ""}, {"Anand Shetty", "Q14625305", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Anand Shetty", "", ""}, {"B. Nagaraja Shetty", "Q4834129", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. Nagaraja Shetty", "", ""}, {"B. Subbayya Shetty", "Q4834222", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. Subbayya Shetty", "", ""}, {"B. Vittaldas Shetty", "Q4834251", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. Vittaldas Shetty", "", ""}, {"K. Amarnath Shetty", "Q6323077", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. Amarnath Shetty", "ಕೆ. ಅಮರನಾಥ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", ""}, {"Kedambadi Jagannath Shetty", "Q6382518", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kedambadi Jagannath Shetty", "", ""}, {"M. B. Shetty", "Q5447845", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "M. B. Shetty", "ಎಮ್. ಬಿ. ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಎಮ್. ಬಿ. ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Pratheek Shetty", "Q138566621", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Pratheek Shetty", "", ""}, {"Shakunthala T. Shetty", "Q16885595", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Shakunthala T. Shetty", "", ""}, {"Suniel Shetty", "Q983043", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Suniel Shetty", "ಸುನೀಲ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಸುನೀಲ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"K. N. Tailor", "Q19663730", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. N. Tailor", "", "ಕೆ ಎನ್ ಟೈಲರ್"}, {"Tulu Gowda", "Q25110573", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Tulu Gowda", "ತುಳು ಗೌಡ", "ತುಳು ಗೌಡೆರ್"}, {"Vidyabhushana", "Q7377137", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Vidyabhushana", "ವಿದ್ಯಾಭೂಷಣ", ""}, {"P. Subrahmanya Yadapadithaya", "Q124845124", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "P. Subrahmanya Yadapadithaya", "ಪಿ. ಸುಬ್ರಹ್ಮಣ್ಯ ಯಡಪಡಿತ್ತಾಯ", ""} } -- <-- This closing brace was missing -- Function to get sitelink for a given QID and wiki (with caching) local sitelinkCache = {} local function getSitelink(qid, wiki) if not qid or not wiki then return nil end local cacheKey = qid .. '_' .. wiki if sitelinkCache[cacheKey] ~= nil then return sitelinkCache[cacheKey] end -- Try to get the entity from Wikidata local success, entity = pcall(mw.wikibase.getEntityObject, qid) if not success or not entity then sitelinkCache[cacheKey] = nil return nil end local sitelink = entity:getSitelink(wiki) sitelinkCache[cacheKey] = sitelink return sitelink end -- Function to create the language navigation bar local function createLanguagePicker() local picker = {'<div style="margin: 1em 0; padding: 0.5em; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px;">'} picker[#picker + 1] = '<strong>Languages:</strong> ' local links = {} for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local anchor = 'kcm-col-' .. lang.code links[#links + 1] = '[[#' .. anchor .. '|' .. lang.name .. ']]' end picker[#picker + 1] = table.concat(links, ' | ') picker[#picker + 1] = '</div>' return table.concat(picker) end -- Function to create the table header local function createTableHeader() local header = { '{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%;"', '|+ Mangalore Topics - Article Availability', '! №', '! style="width: 25%;" | Content name', '! style="width: 15%;" | Category', } -- Add language columns with IDs for anchoring for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local id = ' id="kcm-col-' .. lang.code .. '"' local title = ' title="' .. lang.name .. ' Wikipedia"' header[#header + 1] = '!' .. id .. title .. ' | ' .. lang.name end header[#header + 1] = '! Wikidata' return table.concat(header, '\n') end -- Function to create a table row for a topic with sitelinks local function createTopicRow(index, topic) local title = topic[1] local qid = topic[2] local category = topic[3] or 'General' local enSitelink = topic[4] or '' local knSitelink = topic[5] or '' local tcySitelink = topic[6] or '' -- Build the row local row = { '\n|-', '| ' .. index, '| ' .. title, '| ' .. category, } -- Display sitelinks for each language -- English if enSitelink and enSitelink ~= '' then row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #d4f4d4; text-align: center;" | [[:en:' .. enSitelink .. '|' .. enSitelink .. ']]' else row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end -- Kannada if knSitelink and knSitelink ~= '' then row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #d4f4d4; text-align: center;" | [[:kn:' .. knSitelink .. '|' .. knSitelink .. ']]' else row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end -- Tulu if tcySitelink and tcySitelink ~= '' then row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #d4f4d4; text-align: center;" | [[:tcy:' .. tcySitelink .. '|' .. tcySitelink .. ']]' else row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end row[#row + 1] = '| [[d:' .. qid .. '|' .. qid .. ']]' return table.concat(row, '\n') end -- Function to create the table footer with statistics local function createTableFooter() local totalTopics = #topics if totalTopics == 0 then return '\n|-\n| colspan="7" style="text-align: center;" | No topics available' end -- Calculate column statistics local colStats = {} for i = 1, #languages do colStats[i] = {exists = 0, missing = 0} end for _, topic in ipairs(topics) do -- Check English if topic[4] and topic[4] ~= '' then colStats[1].exists = colStats[1].exists + 1 else colStats[1].missing = colStats[1].missing + 1 end -- Check Kannada if topic[5] and topic[5] ~= '' then colStats[2].exists = colStats[2].exists + 1 else colStats[2].missing = colStats[2].missing + 1 end -- Check Tulu if topic[6] and topic[6] ~= '' then colStats[3].exists = colStats[3].exists + 1 else colStats[3].missing = colStats[3].missing + 1 end end -- Create footer row local footer = { '\n|- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f0f0f0;"', '| colspan="3" | Total articles', } for i = 1, #languages do footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. colStats[i].exists .. ' / ' .. totalTopics end footer[#footer + 1] = '|' return table.concat(footer, '\n') end -- Function to create a row with category totals local function createCategoryFooter() -- Group topics by category local categories = {} for _, topic in ipairs(topics) do local cat = topic[3] or 'General' if not categories[cat] then categories[cat] = {} end table.insert(categories[cat], topic) end local footer = {} for catName, catTopics in pairs(categories) do local total = #catTopics local colStats = {} for i = 1, #languages do colStats[i] = 0 end for _, topic in ipairs(catTopics) do if topic[4] and topic[4] ~= '' then colStats[1] = colStats[1] + 1 end if topic[5] and topic[5] ~= '' then colStats[2] = colStats[2] + 1 end if topic[6] and topic[6] ~= '' then colStats[3] = colStats[3] + 1 end end footer[#footer + 1] = '\n|- class="sortbottom" style="background: #f8f9fa; font-weight: bold;"' footer[#footer + 1] = '| colspan="3" | ' .. catName .. ' (total: ' .. total .. ')' for i = 1, #languages do footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. colStats[i] .. ' / ' .. total end footer[#footer + 1] = '|' end return table.concat(footer, '\n') end -- Main function to render the complete table function p.table(frame) local result = {} -- Add language picker result[#result + 1] = createLanguagePicker() -- Add data source info result[#result + 1] = [[ <div style="margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0.5em; background: #e8f4f8; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 90%;"> <strong>Data sources:</strong> <ul> <li>Articles from Mangalorean cuisine, Culture of Mangalore, and People from Mangalore categories</li> <li>Links are fetched directly from Wikidata in real-time</li> <li style="background: #d4f4d4; padding: 2px 4px;">Green = article exists in that language</li> <li style="background: #ffe0e0; padding: 2px 4px;">Red = article does not exist</li> </ul> </div> ]] -- Start the table result[#result + 1] = createTableHeader() -- Add topic rows for index, topic in ipairs(topics) do result[#result + 1] = createTopicRow(index, topic) end -- Add category footers result[#result + 1] = createCategoryFooter() -- Add total footer result[#result + 1] = createTableFooter() -- Close the table result[#result + 1] = '\n|}' return table.concat(result, '\n') end return p 6333o1vncg8275kn9p0zcm1mrib7ybt 366866 366830 2026-08-24T09:24:28Z A826 4610 366866 Scribunto text/plain --[[ Module:MangaloreTopicsTable Usage: {{#invoke:MangaloreTopicsTable|table}} This module generates a language availability table for Mangalore-related topics. Displays sitelinks for English, Kannada, and Tulu Wikipedias. ]] local p = {} -- Define the languages to display in the table (only 3 languages) local languages = { {code = 'en', name = 'English', wiki = 'enwiki'}, {code = 'kn', name = 'ಕನ್ನಡ', wiki = 'knwiki'}, {code = 'tcy', name = 'ತುಳು', wiki = 'tcywiki'} } -- Define the topics with their Wikidata QIDs and categories -- Format: {title, qid, category, en_sitelink, kn_sitelink, tcy_sitelink} -- Note: Use double quotes for strings with apostrophes to avoid escaping issues local topics = { -- Cuisine from Category:Mangalorean cuisine {"Bafat", "Q4841320", "Cuisine", "Bafat", "ಬಫತ್", ""}, {"Chandrakala (dessert)", "Q5071356", "Cuisine", "Chandrakala (dessert)", "", ""}, {"Chicken ghee roast", "Q28153715", "Cuisine", "Chicken ghee roast", "", ""}, {"Dosa (food)", "Q920940", "Cuisine", "Dosa (food)", "ದೋಸೆ", ""}, {"Fish pulimunchi", "Q125801330", "Cuisine", "Fish pulimunchi", "", ""}, {"Gujhia", "Q10997735", "Cuisine", "Gujhia", "ಗುಜಿಯಾ", ""}, {"Kidyo", "Q6405076", "Cuisine", "Kidyo", "", ""}, {"Kori rotti", "Q6432257", "Cuisine", "Kori rotti", "ಕೋರಿ ರೊಟ್ಟಿ", "ಕೋರಿ ರೊಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Kuswar", "Q17050765", "Cuisine", "Kuswar", "", ""}, {"Mangalore bajji", "Q6748722", "Cuisine", "Mangalore bajji", "ಗೋಳಿಬಜೆ", "ಗೋಳಿ ಬಜೆ"}, {"Mangalore buns", "Q28154541", "Cuisine", "Mangalore buns", "ಬನ್ಸ್", "ಬನ್ಸ್"}, {"Mangalorean Catholic cuisine", "Q6748728", "Cuisine", "Mangalorean Catholic cuisine", "", ""}, {"Mangalorean chicken sukka", "Q28154305", "Cuisine", "Mangalorean chicken sukka", "", "ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಕೋರಿ ಸುಕ್ಕ"}, {"Masala dosa", "Q11771087", "Cuisine", "Masala dosa", "ಮಸಾಲೆ ದೋಸೆ", "ಮಸಾಲೆ ದೋಸೆ"}, {"Neer dosa", "Q6986919", "Cuisine", "Neer dosa", "ನೀರ್ ದೋಸೆ", "ನೀರ್ ದೊಸೆ"}, {"Oondees", "Q7095366", "Cuisine", "Oondees", "", ""}, {"Pork bafat", "Q137299303", "Cuisine", "Pork bafat", "", ""}, {"Pundi", "Q28154814", "Cuisine", "Pundi", "ಪುಂಡಿ ಗಸಿ", "ಪುಂಡಿ"}, {"Sanna (dish)", "Q7418805", "Cuisine", "Sanna (dish)", "", ""}, {"Udupi cuisine", "Q3595274", "Cuisine", "Udupi cuisine", "ಉಡುಪಿ ಖಾದ್ಯಶೈಲಿ", ""}, -- Culture from Category:Culture of Mangalore {"Culture of Mangaluru", "Q5193593", "Culture", "Culture of Mangaluru", "ಮಂಗಳೂರಿನ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ", ""}, {"Aloyseum", "Q85741013", "Culture", "Aloyseum", "ಅಲೋಸಿಯಮ್", ""}, {"Architecture of Mangalorean Catholics", "Q4787160", "Culture", "Architecture of Mangalorean Catholics", "", ""}, {"Attire of Mangalorean Catholics", "Q4818523", "Culture", "Attire of Mangalorean Catholics", "ಮಂಗಳೂರಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕರ ಉಡುಪು", ""}, {"Belthangady Varado", "Q24931207", "Culture", "Belthangady Varado", "", ""}, {"Community Radio Sarang", "Q5154850", "Culture", "Community Radio Sarang", "", ""}, {"Culture of Mangalorean Catholics", "Q5193592", "Culture", "Culture of Mangalorean Catholics", "", ""}, {"Kambala", "Q6356259", "Culture", "Kambala", "ಕಂಬಳ", "ಕಂಬುಲ"}, {"Kori Kambla", "Q31830301", "Culture", "Kori Kambla", "ಪೂಕರೆ", "ಪೂಕರೆ"}, {"Mangalorean Catholic literature", "Q6748730", "Culture", "Mangalorean Catholic literature", "", ""}, {"Mangalorean Catholic name", "Q6748731", "Culture", "Mangalorean Catholic name", "", ""}, {"Mangaluru Dasara", "Q17061561", "Culture", "Mangaluru Dasara", "ಮಂಗಳೂರು ದಸರಾ", ""}, {"Pabbas", "Q28154326", "Culture", "Pabbas", "", ""}, {"Pattanaje", "Q31830233", "Culture", "Pattanaje", "ಪತ್ತನಾಜೆ", "ಪತ್ತನಾಜೆ"}, {"Pili Yesa", "Q5935713", "Culture", "Pili Yesa", "ಹುಲಿವೇಷ", "ಪಿಲಿ ವೇಷ"}, {"Pursere Kattuna", "Q132748975", "Culture", "Pursere Kattuna", "ಪುರುಷರ ಕುಣಿತ", "ಪುರ್ಸೆರೆ ಕಟ್ಟುನ"}, {"Siddavesa", "Q31830689", "Culture", "Siddavesa", "ಸಿದ್ಧವೇಷ", "ಸಿದ್ದವೇಸ ನಲಿಕೆ"}, {"Srimanthi Bhai Memorial Government Museum", "Q85802848", "Culture", "Srimanthi Bhai Memorial Government Museum", "ಶ್ರೀಮಂತಿ ಭಾಯಿ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಸರ್ಕಾರಿ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯ", ""}, {"Tulu calendar", "Q7852416", "Culture", "Tulu calendar", "ತುಳು ಕ್ಯಾಲೆಂಡರ್", "ತುಳು ತಿಂಗೊಲು"}, -- People (Mangalore City) from Category:People from Mangalore {"Harsha Raj Gatty", "Q5673795", "People (Mangalore City)", "Harsha Raj Gatty", "", ""}, {"Kasargod Patnashetti Gopal Rao", "Q94309385", "People (Mangalore City)", "Kasargod Patnashetti Gopal Rao", "ಕಾಸರಗೋಡು ಪಟ್ನಾಶೆಟ್ಟಿ ಗೋಪಾಲ್ ರಾವ್", ""}, {"Harekala Hajabba", "Q61873224", "People (Mangalore City)", "Harekala Hajabba", "ಹರೆಕಳ ಹಾಜಬ್ಬ", "ಹರೆಕಳ ಹಾಜಬ್ಬ"}, {"Mahendra Kumar", "Q6733737", "People (Mangalore City)", "Mahendra Kumar", "ಮಹೇಂದ್ರ ಕುಮಾರ್", ""}, {"Clemens Mendonca", "Q1100032", "People (Mangalore City)", "Clemens Mendonca", "", ""}, {"Baptist Mudartha", "Q807098", "People (Mangalore City)", "Baptist Mudartha", "", ""}, {"V. M. M. Nair", "Q88217515", "People (Mangalore City)", "V. M. M. Nair", "", ""}, {"Dhanalakshmi Poojary", "Q138744270", "People (Mangalore City)", "Dhanalakshmi Poojary", "", "ಧನಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿ ಪೂಜಾರಿ"}, {"Harish Poonja", "Q108090092", "People (Mangalore City)", "Harish Poonja", "", ""}, {"Valerian Rodrigues", "Q24006655", "People (Mangalore City)", "Valerian Rodrigues", "", ""}, {"Peter Paul Saldanha", "Q55354118", "People (Mangalore City)", "Peter Paul Saldanha", "", ""}, {"Käte Schaller-Härlin", "Q1795505", "People (Mangalore City)", "Käte Schaller-Härlin", "", ""}, {"Isha Sharma", "Q108400471", "People (Mangalore City)", "Isha Sharma", "", ""}, {"Sally Varma", "Q81942730", "People (Mangalore City)", "Sally Varma", "", ""}, -- People (Ethnic Group) from Category:Mangaloreans {"Mangaloreans", "Q12352241", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Mangaloreans", "", ""}, {"Prahlad Acharya", "Q7237720", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Prahlad Acharya", "", ""}, {"Satish Acharya", "Q12455277", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Satish Acharya", "ಸತೀಶ್ ಆಚಾರ್ಯ", ""}, {"V. S. Acharya", "Q7906213", "People (Ethnic Group)", "V. S. Acharya", "ವಿ. ಎಸ್. ಆಚಾರ್ಯ", "ವಿ. ಎಸ್. ಆಚಾರ್ಯ"}, {"Aravind Adiga", "Q296299", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Aravind Adiga", "ಅರವಿಂದ್ ಅಡಿಗ", ""}, {"Gopalakrishna Adiga", "Q5584216", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Gopalakrishna Adiga", "ಗೋಪಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಅಡಿಗ", "ಗೋಪಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಅಡಿಗ"}, {"Stan Ageira", "Q7597522", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Stan Ageira", "", ""}, {"Joachim Alva", "Q6204502", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Joachim Alva", "ಜೋಕಿಮ್ ಆಳ್ವಾ", ""}, {"S. K. Amin", "Q7387570", "People (Ethnic Group)", "S. K. Amin", "", ""}, {"Chirashree Anchan", "Q57534334", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Chirashree Anchan", "", ""}, {"Anushree (Kannada actress)", "Q26221433", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Anushree (Kannada actress)", "ಅನುಶ್ರೀ", "ಅನುಶ್ರೀ"}, {"Ranjith Bajpe", "Q21932321", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ranjith Bajpe", "", ""}, {"A. V. Baliga", "Q4648458", "People (Ethnic Group)", "A. V. Baliga", "", ""}, {"Balkrishna Shetty", "Q4851150", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Balkrishna Shetty", "", ""}, {"Ashish Ballal", "Q4805154", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ashish Ballal", "ಆಶಿಶ್ ಬಲ್ಲಾಳ್", ""}, {"Gulzar Banu", "Q5617947", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Gulzar Banu", "ಗುಲ್ಜ಼ಾರ್ ಬಾನು", ""}, {"P. Gururaja Bhat", "Q7117257", "People (Ethnic Group)", "P. Gururaja Bhat", "ಪಿ.ಗುರುರಾಜ ಭಟ್", ""}, {"K. Raghupati Bhat", "Q6323875", "People (Ethnic Group)", "K. Raghupati Bhat", "", ""}, {"U. R. Bhat", "Q7863529", "People (Ethnic Group)", "U. R. Bhat", "", ""}, {"Yogaraj Bhat", "Q7377749", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Yogaraj Bhat", "ಯೋಗರಾಜ ಭಟ್", "ಯೋಗರಾಜ್ ಭಟ್"}, {"Aravind Bolar", "Q20630591", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Aravind Bolar", "ಅರವಿಂದ್ ಬೋಳಾರ್", "ಅರವಿಂದ್ ಬೋಳಾರ್"}, {"Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay", "Q3347911", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay", "ಕಮಲಾದೇವಿ ಚಟ್ಟೋಪಾಧ್ಯಾಯ", "ಕಮಲಾದೇವಿ ಚಟ್ಟೋಪಾಧ್ಯಾಯ"}, {"Abbakka Chowta", "Q717732", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Abbakka Chowta", "ರಾಣಿ ಅಬ್ಬಕ್ಕ", "ರಾಣಿ ಅಬ್ಬಕ್ಕ ದೇವಿ"}, {"Sandeep Chowta", "Q7416066", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sandeep Chowta", "", ""}, {"Richard Crasta", "Q3430666", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Richard Crasta", "", ""}, {"Aloysius Paul D'Souza", "Q4734715", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Aloysius Paul D'Souza", "ಅಲೋಷಿಯಸ್ ಪೌಲ್ ಡಿ'ಸೋಜಾ", ""}, {"Basil Salvadore D'Souza", "Q1967213", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Basil Salvadore D'Souza", "", ""}, {"Faye D'Souza", "Q43078545", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Faye D'Souza", "", ""}, {"Tony D'Souza", "Q7822166", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Tony D'Souza", "", ""}, {"Jerome D'Souza", "Q3190865", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Jerome D'Souza", "", "ಜೆರೋಮ್ ಡಿ'ಸೋಜ"}, {"Rajani Duganna", "Q7285734", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Rajani Duganna", "ರಜನಿ ದುಗಣ್ಣ", ""}, {"Erica Fernandes", "Q16200342", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Erica Fernandes", "ಎರಿಕಾ ಫರ್ನಾಂಡಿಸ್", ""}, {"Lawrence Fernandes", "Q17626796", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Lawrence Fernandes", "", ""}, {"Oscar Fernandes", "Q1453956", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Oscar Fernandes", "ಆಸ್ಕರ್ ಫೆರ್ನಾಂಡಿಸ್", "ಆಸ್ಕರ್ ಫೆರ್ನಾಂಡಿಸ್"}, {"Victor R. Fernandes", "Q7926259", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Victor R. Fernandes", "", ""}, {"Kadri Gopalnath", "Q377887", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Kadri Gopalnath", "ಕದ್ರಿ ಗೋಪಾಲನಾಥ್", ""}, {"M. Govinda Pai", "Q3595272", "People (Ethnic Group)", "M. Govinda Pai", "ಗೋವಿಂದ ಪೈ", "ಮಂಜೇಶ್ವರ ಗೋವಿಂದ ಪೈ"}, {"Bannanje Govindacharya", "Q4856866", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Bannanje Govindacharya", "ಬನ್ನಂಜೆ ಗೋವಿಂದಾಚಾರ್ಯ", "ಬನ್ನಂಜೆ ಗೋವಿಂದಾಚಾರ್ಯ"}, {"Gurukiran", "Q5620498", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Gurukiran", "ಗುರುಕಿರಣ್", "ಗುರುಕಿರಣ್"}, {"K. S. Hegde", "Q5796923", "People (Ethnic Group)", "K. S. Hegde", "", "ಕೆ. ಎಸ್. ಹೆಗ್ಡೆ"}, {"B. M. Hegde", "Q4883664", "People (Ethnic Group)", "B. M. Hegde", "ಬಿ.ಎಮ್.ಹೆಗ್ಡೆ", ""}, {"Ganesh Hegde", "Q5520834", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ganesh Hegde", "", ""}, {"Ravivarma Narasimha Domba Heggade", "Q7296788", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ravivarma Narasimha Domba Heggade", "ರವಿವರ್ಮ ನರಸಿಂಹ ಡೊಂಬ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ", "ರವಿವರ್ಮ ನರಸಿಂಹ ಡೊಂಬ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ"}, {"Veerendra Heggade", "Q4776900", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Veerendra Heggade", "ವೀರೇಂದ್ರ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ", "ವೀರೇಂದ್ರ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ"}, {"Bakila Hukrappa", "Q25246589", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Bakila Hukrappa", "", ""}, {"Alangar Jayagovind", "Q16107355", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Alangar Jayagovind", "", ""}, {"M. V. Kamath", "Q3877603", "People (Ethnic Group)", "M. V. Kamath", "ಎಮ್. ವಿ. ಕಾಮತ್", "ಎಂ.ವಿ.ಕಾಮತ್"}, {"Devadas Kapikad", "Q19661727", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Devadas Kapikad", "ದೇವದಾಸ್ ಕಾಪಿಕಾಡ್", "ದೇವದಾಸ್ ಕಾಪಿಕಾಡ್"}, {"Nalin Kumar Kateel", "Q6960896", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Nalin Kumar Kateel", "ನಳಿನ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ ಕಟೀಲ್", "ನಳಿನ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ ಕಟೀಲ್"}, {"Sheila Khambadkone", "Q7493084", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sheila Khambadkone", "", "ಶೀಲಾ ಕೇಶವ್ ಕಂಬದಕೋಣೆ"}, {"Annapoorna Kini", "Q4767989", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Annapoorna Kini", "", ""}, {"Vaman Srinivas Kudva", "Q3632999", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vaman Srinivas Kudva", "ವಾಮನ ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸ್ ಕುಡ್ವಾ", ""}, {"V. Dhananjay Kumar", "Q7906032", "People (Ethnic Group)", "V. Dhananjay Kumar", "", "ವಿ. ಧನಂಜಯ ಕುಮಾರ್"}, {"Mahendra Kumar", "Q6733737", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Mahendra Kumar", "ಮಹೇಂದ್ರ ಕುಮಾರ್", ""}, {"Praveen Kumar (Mangalore politician)", "Q7238857", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Praveen Kumar (Mangalore politician)", "", ""}, {"Budhi Kunderan", "Q3536900", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Budhi Kunderan", "ಬುಧಿ ಕುಂದೆರನ್", ""}, {"Terence Lewis (choreographer)", "Q7701944", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Terence Lewis (choreographer)", "", ""}, {"Rita Lobo", "Q124668869", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Rita Lobo", "", ""}, {"Mamatha Maben", "Q6745469", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Mamatha Maben", "", ""}, {"Manorama Madhwaraj", "Q6751416", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Manorama Madhwaraj", "", ""}, {"Thimmappaiah Madiyal", "Q7672660", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Thimmappaiah Madiyal", "", "ತಿಮ್ಮಪ್ಪಯ್ಯ ಮಡಿಯಾಲ್"}, {"Sheetal Mallar", "Q7492542", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sheetal Mallar", "", ""}, {"U. Srinivas Mallya", "Q7863541", "People (Ethnic Group)", "U. Srinivas Mallya", "ಉಳ್ಳಾಲ ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಯ", "ಉಳ್ಳಾಲ ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಯ"}, {"Vijay Mallya", "Q173118", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vijay Mallya", "ವಿಜಯ್ ಮಲ್ಯ", ""}, {"Vittal Mallya", "Q7937268", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vittal Mallya", "", "ವಿಠ್ಠಲ್ ಮಲ್ಯ"}, {"Lalaji Mendon", "Q6480170", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Lalaji Mendon", "", ""}, {"Thumbay Moideen", "Q16189405", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Thumbay Moideen", "", ""}, {"Veerappa Moily", "Q3519659", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Veerappa Moily", "ವೀರಪ್ಪ ಮೊಯ್ಲಿ", "ವೀರಪ್ಪ ಮೊಯಿಲಿ"}, {"Sonal Monteiro", "Q52395230", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sonal Monteiro", "", ""}, {"Sundar Rao Nadkarni", "Q7639218", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sundar Rao Nadkarni", "", ""}, {"Narendra Nayak", "Q6965791", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Narendra Nayak", "ನರೇಂದ್ರ ನಾಯಕ್", ""}, {"Ahmed Noori", "Q4695958", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ahmed Noori", "", "ಅಬೂ ರೈಹಾನ್ ಅಹ್ಮದ್ ನೂರಿ"}, {"Ester Noronha", "Q22279433", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ester Noronha", "", ""}, {"Naveen D. Padil", "Q20649321", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Naveen D. Padil", "ನವೀನ್ ಡಿ. ಪಡಿಲ್", "ನವೀನ್ ಡಿ ಪಡೀಲ್"}, {"Ammembal Subba Rao Pai", "Q3630904", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ammembal Subba Rao Pai", "ಅಮ್ಮೆಂಬಳ ಸುಬ್ಬರಾವ್ ಪೈ", "ಅಮ್ಮೆಂಬಳ ಸುಬ್ಬ ರಾವ್ ಪೈ"}, {"Mangalore Ranga Pai", "Q6748716", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Mangalore Ranga Pai", "ಮಂಗಳೂರು ರಂಗ ಪೈ", ""}, {"T. A. Pai", "Q7668113", "People (Ethnic Group)", "T. A. Pai", "", "ಟಿ ಎ ಪೈ"}, {"Tonse Ramesh Upendra Pai", "Q7821663", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Tonse Ramesh Upendra Pai", "", ""}, {"Pandurangashram", "Q7130782", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Pandurangashram", "", ""}, {"Brian J. G. Pereira", "Q16734386", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Brian J. G. Pereira", "", ""}, {"Pius Fidelis Pinto", "Q7199592", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Pius Fidelis Pinto", "", ""}, {"Janardhana Poojary", "Q6150798", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Janardhana Poojary", "", "ಜನಾರ್ಧನ ಪೂಜಾರಿ"}, {"Shubha Poonja", "Q7504558", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Shubha Poonja", "", "ಶುಭ ಪೂಂಜಾ"}, {"Cedric Prakash", "Q5057138", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Cedric Prakash", "", ""}, {"Dinker Belle Rai", "Q21062292", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Dinker Belle Rai", "", ""}, {"Kayyar Kinhanna Rai", "Q6380737", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Kayyar Kinhanna Rai", "ಕಯ್ಯಾರ ಕಿಞ್ಞಣ್ಣ ರೈ", "ಕಯ್ಯಾರ ಕಿಂಞಣ್ಣ ರೈ"}, {"Muthappa Rai", "Q6943821", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Muthappa Rai", "", ""}, {"Satheesha Rai", "Q7426141", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Satheesha Rai", "", ""}, {"Vinay Rai", "Q7931382", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vinay Rai", "", ""}, {"Prakash Raj", "Q1322453", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Prakash Raj", "ಪ್ರಕಾಶ್ ರೈ", "ಪ್ರಕಾಶ್ ರೈ"}, {"Ramchandra P. N.", "Q7289286", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ramchandra P. N.", "", ""}, {"B. Shiva Rao", "Q4834213", "People (Ethnic Group)", "B. Shiva Rao", "ಬಿ. ಶಿವ ರಾವ್", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ಶಿವ ರಾವ್"}, {"Kumble Sundara Rao", "Q81491512", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Kumble Sundara Rao", "ಕುಂಬಳೆ ಸುಂದರ ರಾವ್", "ಕುಂಬಳೆ ಸುಂದರ ರಾವ್"}, {"Udupi Ramachandra Rao", "Q7877236", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Udupi Ramachandra Rao", "ಯು. ಆರ್. ರಾವ್", "ಯು.ಆರ್.ರಾವ್"}, {"Viren Rasquinha", "Q7933691", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Viren Rasquinha", "", ""}, {"B. N. Rau", "Q817096", "People (Ethnic Group)", "B. N. Rau", "ಬಿ.ಎನ್.ರಾವ್", "ಬಿ. ಎನ್. ರಾವ್"}, {"Benegal Rama Rau", "Q3380621", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Benegal Rama Rau", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ರಾಮ ರಾವ್", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ರಾಮ ರಾವ್"}, {"P. Raghavendra Rau", "Q15996340", "People (Ethnic Group)", "P. Raghavendra Rau", "", "ಪಣಂಬೂರು ರಾಘವೇಂದ್ರ ರಾವ್"}, {"Wilfy Rebimbus", "Q8002044", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Wilfy Rebimbus", "ವಿಲ್ಫಿ ರೆಬಿಂಬಸ್", "ವಿಲ್ಫಿ ರೆಬಿಂಬಸ್"}, {"Jemimah Rodrigues", "Q42898219", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Jemimah Rodrigues", "ಜೆಮಿಮಾ ರೊಡ್ರಿಗಸ್", "ಜೆಮಿಮಾ ರೊಡ್ರಿಗಸ್"}, {"Victor Rodrigues", "Q7926294", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Victor Rodrigues", "", ""}, {"Ibrahim Saeed", "Q5984709", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ibrahim Saeed", "ಇಬ್ರಾಹಿಂ ಸಯೀದ್", ""}, {"M. F. Saldanha", "Q6712567", "People (Ethnic Group)", "M. F. Saldanha", "", ""}, {"B. A. Saletore", "Q4833897", "People (Ethnic Group)", "B. A. Saletore", "", "ಭಾಸ್ಕರ ಆನಂದ್ ಸಾಲೆತೊರೆ"}, {"Stanley Jedidiah Samartha", "Q7599704", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Stanley Jedidiah Samartha", "", ""}, {"Aarti Sequeira", "Q4662650", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Aarti Sequeira", "", ""}, {"Ravi Shastri", "Q3518502", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ravi Shastri", "ರವಿ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಿ", ""}, {"Bellikoth Raghunath Shenoy", "Q4884007", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Bellikoth Raghunath Shenoy", "", "ಬೆಳ್ಳಿಕೊತ್ ರಘುನಾಥ ಶೆಣೈ"}, {"A. B. Shetty", "Q4647569", "People (Ethnic Group)", "A. B. Shetty", "ಅತ್ತಾವರ ಬಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", ""}, {"Ajit Shetty", "Q2449199", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ajit Shetty", "", ""}, {"Avantika Shetty", "Q25898075", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Avantika Shetty", "", ""}, {"B. R. Shetty", "Q4834167", "People (Ethnic Group)", "B. R. Shetty", "ಬಿ. ಆರ್. ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಬಾವಗುತ್ತು ರಘುರಾಮ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Devi Shetty", "Q5266968", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Devi Shetty", "ದೇವಿಪ್ರಸಾದ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ದೇವಿಪ್ರಸಾದ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Hriday Shetty", "Q20875078", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Hriday Shetty", "", "ಹೃದಯ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Kedambadi Jagannath Shetty", "Q6382518", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Kedambadi Jagannath Shetty", "", ""}, {"M. B. Shetty", "Q5447845", "People (Ethnic Group)", "M. B. Shetty", "ಎಮ್. ಬಿ. ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಎಮ್. ಬಿ. ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Prakash Shetty", "Q7238196", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Prakash Shetty", "", ""}, {"Rakshit Shetty", "Q16239340", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Rakshit Shetty", "ರಕ್ಷಿತ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ರಕ್ಷಿತ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Rohit Shetty", "Q6716074", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Rohit Shetty", "ರೋಹಿತ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", ""}, {"Sandeep Shetty", "Q21933180", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sandeep Shetty", "ಸಂದೀಪ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಸಂದೀಪ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Shamita Shetty", "Q2393916", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Shamita Shetty", "", ""}, {"Shashi Kiran Shetty", "Q7490556", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Shashi Kiran Shetty", "", ""}, {"Shilpa Shetty", "Q270665", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Shilpa Shetty", "ಶಿಲ್ಪಾ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಶಿಲ್ಪಾ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Suniel Shetty", "Q983043", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Suniel Shetty", "ಸುನೀಲ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಸುನೀಲ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Varuna Shetty", "Q16202902", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Varuna Shetty", "", ""}, {"Gundibail Sunderam", "Q5618639", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Gundibail Sunderam", "", ""}, {"Suryanarayana (Bajrang Dal)", "Q7647418", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Suryanarayana (Bajrang Dal)", "", ""}, {"Sneha Ullal", "Q469215", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sneha Ullal", "", "ಸ್ನೇಹಾ ಉಲ್ಲಾಳ್"}, {"Vamanashram", "Q7912917", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vamanashram", "", ""}, {"Bhojaraj Vamanjoor", "Q23761449", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Bhojaraj Vamanjoor", "", ""}, {"Vidyabhushana", "Q7377137", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vidyabhushana", "ವಿದ್ಯಾಭೂಷಣ", ""}, -- People (Dakshina Kannada) from Category:People from Dakshina Kannada district {"Ganapathi Rao Aigal", "Q5520489", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ganapathi Rao Aigal", "", ""}, {"Bellipadi Chandrahasa Alva", "Q4833927", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Bellipadi Chandrahasa Alva", "", ""}, {"Amara Sullia Rebellion", "Q108142412", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Amara Sullia Rebellion", "ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಹೋರಾಟ ೧೮೩೭", "ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ ಸೊಸಂತ್ರೊ ಪೊರಂಬಾಟೊ"}, {"Ranjith Bajpe", "Q21932321", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ranjith Bajpe", "", ""}, {"B. S. Baliga", "Q4834190", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. S. Baliga", "", ""}, {"Bantwal Vaikunta Baliga", "Q4857273", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Bantwal Vaikunta Baliga", "", ""}, {"Ashish Ballal", "Q4805154", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ashish Ballal", "ಆಶಿಶ್ ಬಲ್ಲಾಳ್", ""}, {"K. Vasantha Bangera", "Q24572406", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. Vasantha Bangera", "", ""}, {"Girish Bharadwaj", "Q41775998", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Girish Bharadwaj", "ಗಿರೀಶ್ ಭಾರದ್ವಾಜ್", ""}, {"Ashwini Bhat", "Q23765682", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ashwini Bhat", "ಅಶ್ವಿನಿ ಭಟ್", ""}, {"M. Mariappa Bhat", "Q22006453", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "M. Mariappa Bhat", "", ""}, {"Polali Jayarama Bhat", "Q16841326", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Polali Jayarama Bhat", "", ""}, {"Raghuram Bhat", "Q7283055", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Raghuram Bhat", "ರಘುರಾಮ್ ಭಟ್", ""}, {"U. R. Bhat", "Q7863529", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "U. R. Bhat", "", ""}, {"K. Chidananda Gowda", "Q6323273", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. Chidananda Gowda", "ಕೆ.ಚಿದಾನಂದ ಗೌಡ", ""}, {"Abbakka Chowta", "Q717732", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Abbakka Chowta", "ರಾಣಿ ಅಬ್ಬಕ್ಕ", "ರಾಣಿ ಅಬ್ಬಕ್ಕ ದೇವಿ"}, {"John Michael D'Cunha", "Q18206321", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "John Michael D'Cunha", "", ""}, {"Aloysius Paul D'Souza", "Q4734715", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Aloysius Paul D'Souza", "ಅಲೋಷಿಯಸ್ ಪೌಲ್ ಡಿ'ಸೋಜಾ", ""}, {"William D'Souza", "Q2578515", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "William D'Souza", "", ""}, {"Vasundhara Doraswamy", "Q29446238", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Vasundhara Doraswamy", "ವಸುಂಧರಾ ದೊರೈಸ್ವಾಮಿ", ""}, {"Kadri Gopalnath", "Q377887", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kadri Gopalnath", "ಕದ್ರಿ ಗೋಪಾಲನಾಥ್", ""}, {"Sadananda Gowda", "Q1151446", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Sadananda Gowda", "ಡಿ. ವಿ. ಸದಾನಂದ ಗೌಡ", "ಡಿ. ವಿ. ಸದಾನಂದ ಗೌಡ"}, {"Sinchana D. Gowda", "Q106240774", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Sinchana D. Gowda", "", "ಸಿಂಚನಾ ಡಿ ಗೌಡ"}, {"Veerendra Heggade", "Q4776900", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Veerendra Heggade", "ವೀರೇಂದ್ರ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ", "ವೀರೇಂದ್ರ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ"}, {"Mohammed Hussain", "Q3445425", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Mohammed Hussain", "", ""}, {"S. A. Hussain", "Q7387337", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "S. A. Hussain", "", ""}, {"B. M. Idinabba", "Q4834109", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. M. Idinabba", "ಬಿ.ಎಂ.ಇದಿನಬ್ಬ", ""}, {"Abhayachandra Jain", "Q24572340", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Abhayachandra Jain", "", "ಕೆ. ಅಭಯಚಂದ್ರ ಜೈನ್"}, {"Padmanabh Jaini", "Q7123844", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Padmanabh Jaini", "", ""}, {"Alangar Jayagovind", "Q16107355", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Alangar Jayagovind", "", ""}, {"Jayamala", "Q6123633", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Jayamala", "ಜಯಮಾಲಾ", "ಜಯಮಾಲಾ"}, {"Jogi (writer)", "Q15717845", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Jogi (writer)", "ಗಿರೀಶ್ ರಾವ್ ಹತ್ವಾರ್", ""}, {"Kalpana (Kannada actress)", "Q13158764", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kalpana (Kannada actress)", "ಕಲ್ಪನಾ", ""}, {"Ganapatrao Maharaj Kannur", "Q16016184", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ganapatrao Maharaj Kannur", "ಗಣಪತರಾವ್ ಮಹಾರಾಜ", ""}, {"Shobha Karandlaje", "Q7499789", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Shobha Karandlaje", "ಶೋಭಾ ಕರಂದ್ಲಾಜೆ", "ಶೋಭಾ ಕರಂದ್ಲಾಜೆ"}, {"B. V. Karanth", "Q3595279", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. V. Karanth", "ಬಿ. ವಿ. ಕಾರಂತ್", "ಬಿ. ವಿ. ಕಾರಂತ್"}, {"K. Ullas Karanth", "Q6324136", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. Ullas Karanth", "ಕೆ. ಉಲ್ಲಾಸ ಕಾರಂತ", ""}, {"Nalin Kumar Kateel", "Q6960896", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Nalin Kumar Kateel", "ನಳಿನ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ ಕಟೀಲ್", "ನಳಿನ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ ಕಟೀಲ್"}, {"Kavyashree Nayak Ajeru", "Q130323441", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kavyashree Nayak Ajeru", "ಕಾವ್ಯಶ್ರೀ ನಾಯಕ್ ಅಜೇರು", "ಕಾವ್ಯಶ್ರೀ ನಾಯಕ್ ಅಜೇರು"}, {"Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda", "Q115326009", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda", "", ""}, {"Krishnananda Saraswati", "Q2231016", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Krishnananda Saraswati", "ಕೃಷ್ಣಾನಂದ ಸರಸ್ವತಿ", ""}, {"Vaman Srinivas Kudva", "Q3632999", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Vaman Srinivas Kudva", "ವಾಮನ ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸ್ ಕುಡ್ವಾ", ""}, {"Sahana Kumari", "Q16221396", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Sahana Kumari", "ಸಹನಾ ಕುಮಾರಿ", ""}, {"Budhi Kunderan", "Q3536900", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Budhi Kunderan", "ಬುಧಿ ಕುಂದೆರನ್", ""}, {"Bolwar Mahammad Kunhi", "Q4940291", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Bolwar Mahammad Kunhi", "ಬೊಳುವಾರು ಮಹಮದ್ ಕುಂಞಿ", "ಬೊಳುವಾರು ಮಹಮ್ಮದ್ ಕುಂಞಿ"}, {"Kurunji Venkataramana Gowda", "Q15717472", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kurunji Venkataramana Gowda", "ಕುರುಂಜಿ ವೆಂಕಟ್ರಮಣ ಗೌಡ", ""}, {"Madan–Harini", "Q22278971", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Madan–Harini", "", ""}, {"Vijay Mallya", "Q173118", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Vijay Mallya", "ವಿಜಯ್ ಮಲ್ಯ", ""}, {"Mandeep Roy", "Q47482458", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Mandeep Roy", "ಮಂದೀಪ್ ರಾಯ್", ""}, {"V. Manohar", "Q7906129", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "V. Manohar", "ವಿ. ಮನೋಹರ್", ""}, {"J. B. Moraes", "Q6103943", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "J. B. Moraes", "", ""}, {"Lawrence Mukkuzhy", "Q1809229", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Lawrence Mukkuzhy", "", ""}, {"V. Nagaraja", "Q27063790", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "V. Nagaraja", "", ""}, {"Kullal Chickappu Naik", "Q6443100", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kullal Chickappu Naik", "", ""}, {"Nina Nayak", "Q16185495", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Nina Nayak", "ನೀನಾ ನಾಯಕ್", ""}, {"Puttur Narasimha Nayak", "Q7262500", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Puttur Narasimha Nayak", "ಪುತ್ತೂರು ನರಸಿಂಹ ನಾಯಕ್", "ಪುತ್ತೂರು ನರಸಿಂಹ ನಾಯಕ"}, {"Syed Abdul Nazeer", "Q28962585", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Syed Abdul Nazeer", "", ""}, {"Ahmed Noori", "Q4695958", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ahmed Noori", "", "ಅಬೂ ರೈಹಾನ್ ಅಹ್ಮದ್ ನೂರಿ"}, {"Naveen D. Padil", "Q20649321", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Naveen D. Padil", "ನವೀನ್ ಡಿ. ಪಡಿಲ್", "ನವೀನ್ ಡಿ ಪಡೀಲ್"}, {"T. A. Pai", "Q7668113", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "T. A. Pai", "", "ಟಿ ಎ ಪೈ"}, {"Bolanthur Krishna Prabhu", "Q4938937", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Bolanthur Krishna Prabhu", "", ""}, {"Badekkila Pradeep", "Q18356067", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Badekkila Pradeep", "ಬಡೆಕ್ಕಿಲ ಪ್ರದೀಪ್", ""}, {"Mallika Prasad", "Q16734700", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Mallika Prasad", "", ""}, {"Swami Purushottamananda", "Q7653223", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Swami Purushottamananda", "ಸ್ವಾಮಿ ಪುರುಷೋತ್ತಮಾನಂದ", ""}, {"K. E. Radhakrishna", "Q6323328", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. E. Radhakrishna", "", ""}, {"Muthappa Rai", "Q6943821", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Muthappa Rai", "", ""}, {"Ramanath Rai", "Q4834176", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ramanath Rai", "", "ರಮಾನಾಥ ರೈ"}, {"V. T. Rajshekar", "Q7906272", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "V. T. Rajshekar", "", ""}, {"Pandita Ramabai", "Q94889", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Pandita Ramabai", "ಪಂಡಿತಾ ರಮಾಬಾಯಿ", "ಪಂಡಿತ ರಮಾಬಾಯಿ"}, {"Vittal Ramamurthy", "Q7937272", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Vittal Ramamurthy", "ವಿಟ್ಟಲ್ ರಾಮಮೂರ್ತಿ", ""}, {"B. Shiva Rao", "Q4834213", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. Shiva Rao", "ಬಿ. ಶಿವ ರಾವ್", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ಶಿವ ರಾವ್"}, {"Kumble Sundara Rao", "Q81491512", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kumble Sundara Rao", "ಕುಂಬಳೆ ಸುಂದರ ರಾವ್", "ಕುಂಬಳೆ ಸುಂದರ ರಾವ್"}, {"M. V. Vasudeva Rao", "Q16239280", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "M. V. Vasudeva Rao", "ಎಮ್.ವಿ.ವಾಸುದೇವ ರಾವ್", ""}, {"Ratnakaravarni", "Q7295862", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ratnakaravarni", "ರತ್ನಾಕರ ವರ್ಣಿ", "ರತ್ನಾಕರ ವರ್ಣಿ"}, {"B. N. Rau", "Q817096", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. N. Rau", "ಬಿ.ಎನ್.ರಾವ್", "ಬಿ. ಎನ್. ರಾವ್"}, {"Benegal Rama Rau", "Q3380621", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Benegal Rama Rau", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ರಾಮ ರಾವ್", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ರಾಮ ರಾವ್"}, {"P. Raghavendra Rau", "Q15996340", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "P. Raghavendra Rau", "", "ಪಣಂಬೂರು ರಾಘವೇಂದ್ರ ರಾವ್"}, {"Wilfy Rebimbus", "Q8002044", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Wilfy Rebimbus", "ವಿಲ್ಫಿ ರೆಬಿಂಬಸ್", "ವಿಲ್ಫಿ ರೆಬಿಂಬಸ್"}, {"B. A. Saletore", "Q4833897", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. A. Saletore", "", "ಭಾಸ್ಕರ ಆನಂದ್ ಸಾಲೆತೊರೆ"}, {"Stanley Jedidiah Samartha", "Q7599704", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Stanley Jedidiah Samartha", "", ""}, {"Francis Serrao", "Q16064454", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Francis Serrao", "", ""}, {"Chamu Krishna Shastry", "Q3635839", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Chamu Krishna Shastry", "ಚ ಮೂ ಕೃಷ್ಣಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಿ", ""}, {"Basti Vaman Shenoy", "Q4868275", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Basti Vaman Shenoy", "", ""}, {"A. B. Shetty", "Q4647569", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "A. B. Shetty", "ಅತ್ತಾವರ ಬಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", ""}, {"Anand Shetty", "Q14625305", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Anand Shetty", "", ""}, {"B. Nagaraja Shetty", "Q4834129", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. Nagaraja Shetty", "", ""}, {"B. Subbayya Shetty", "Q4834222", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. Subbayya Shetty", "", ""}, {"B. Vittaldas Shetty", "Q4834251", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. Vittaldas Shetty", "", ""}, {"K. Amarnath Shetty", "Q6323077", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. Amarnath Shetty", "ಕೆ. ಅಮರನಾಥ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", ""}, {"Kedambadi Jagannath Shetty", "Q6382518", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kedambadi Jagannath Shetty", "", ""}, {"M. B. Shetty", "Q5447845", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "M. B. Shetty", "ಎಮ್. ಬಿ. ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಎಮ್. ಬಿ. ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Pratheek Shetty", "Q138566621", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Pratheek Shetty", "", ""}, {"Shakunthala T. Shetty", "Q16885595", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Shakunthala T. Shetty", "", ""}, {"Suniel Shetty", "Q983043", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Suniel Shetty", "ಸುನೀಲ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಸುನೀಲ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"K. N. Tailor", "Q19663730", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. N. Tailor", "", "ಕೆ ಎನ್ ಟೈಲರ್"}, {"Tulu Gowda", "Q25110573", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Tulu Gowda", "ತುಳು ಗೌಡ", "ತುಳು ಗೌಡೆರ್"}, {"Vidyabhushana", "Q7377137", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Vidyabhushana", "ವಿದ್ಯಾಭೂಷಣ", ""}, {"P. Subrahmanya Yadapadithaya", "Q124845124", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "P. Subrahmanya Yadapadithaya", "ಪಿ. ಸುಬ್ರಹ್ಮಣ್ಯ ಯಡಪಡಿತ್ತಾಯ", ""} } -- <-- This closing brace was missing -- Function to get sitelink for a given QID and wiki (with caching) local sitelinkCache = {} local function getSitelink(qid, wiki) if not qid or not wiki then return nil end local cacheKey = qid .. '_' .. wiki if sitelinkCache[cacheKey] ~= nil then return sitelinkCache[cacheKey] end -- Try to get the entity from Wikidata local success, entity = pcall(mw.wikibase.getEntityObject, qid) if not success or not entity then sitelinkCache[cacheKey] = nil return nil end local sitelink = entity:getSitelink(wiki) sitelinkCache[cacheKey] = sitelink return sitelink end -- Function to create the language navigation bar local function createLanguagePicker() local picker = {'<div style="margin: 1em 0; padding: 0.5em; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px;">'} picker[#picker + 1] = '<strong>Languages:</strong> ' local links = {} for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local anchor = 'kcm-col-' .. lang.code links[#links + 1] = '[[#' .. anchor .. '|' .. lang.name .. ']]' end picker[#picker + 1] = table.concat(links, ' | ') picker[#picker + 1] = '</div>' return table.concat(picker) end -- Function to create the table header local function createTableHeader() local header = { '{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%;"', '|+ Mangalore Topics - Article Availability', '! №', '! style="width: 25%;" | Content name', '! style="width: 15%;" | Category', } -- Add language columns with IDs for anchoring for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local id = ' id="kcm-col-' .. lang.code .. '"' local title = ' title="' .. lang.name .. ' Wikipedia"' header[#header + 1] = '!' .. id .. title .. ' | ' .. lang.name end header[#header + 1] = '! Wikidata' return table.concat(header, '\n') end -- Function to create a table row for a topic with sitelinks local function createTopicRow(index, topic) local title = topic[1] local qid = topic[2] local category = topic[3] or 'General' local enSitelink = topic[4] or '' local knSitelink = topic[5] or '' local tcySitelink = topic[6] or '' -- Build the row local row = { '\n|-', '| ' .. index, '| ' .. title, '| ' .. category, } -- Display sitelinks for each language -- English if enSitelink and enSitelink ~= '' then row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #d4f4d4; text-align: center;" | [[:en:' .. enSitelink .. '|' .. enSitelink .. ']]' else row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end -- Kannada if knSitelink and knSitelink ~= '' then row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #d4f4d4; text-align: center;" | [[:kn:' .. knSitelink .. '|' .. knSitelink .. ']]' else row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end -- Tulu if tcySitelink and tcySitelink ~= '' then row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #d4f4d4; text-align: center;" | [[:tcy:' .. tcySitelink .. '|' .. tcySitelink .. ']]' else row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end row[#row + 1] = '| [[d:' .. qid .. '|' .. qid .. ']]' return table.concat(row, '\n') end -- Function to create the table footer with statistics local function createTableFooter() local totalTopics = #topics if totalTopics == 0 then return '\n|-\n| colspan="7" style="text-align: center;" | No topics available' end -- Calculate column statistics local colStats = {} for i = 1, #languages do colStats[i] = {exists = 0, missing = 0} end for _, topic in ipairs(topics) do -- Check English if topic[4] and topic[4] ~= '' then colStats[1].exists = colStats[1].exists + 1 else colStats[1].missing = colStats[1].missing + 1 end -- Check Kannada if topic[5] and topic[5] ~= '' then colStats[2].exists = colStats[2].exists + 1 else colStats[2].missing = colStats[2].missing + 1 end -- Check Tulu if topic[6] and topic[6] ~= '' then colStats[3].exists = colStats[3].exists + 1 else colStats[3].missing = colStats[3].missing + 1 end end -- Create footer row local footer = { '\n|- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f0f0f0;"', '| colspan="3" | Total articles', } for i = 1, #languages do footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. colStats[i].exists .. ' / ' .. totalTopics end footer[#footer + 1] = '|' return table.concat(footer, '\n') end -- Function to create a row with category totals local function createCategoryFooter() -- Group topics by category local categories = {} for _, topic in ipairs(topics) do local cat = topic[3] or 'General' if not categories[cat] then categories[cat] = {} end table.insert(categories[cat], topic) end local footer = {} for catName, catTopics in pairs(categories) do local total = #catTopics local colStats = {} for i = 1, #languages do colStats[i] = 0 end for _, topic in ipairs(catTopics) do if topic[4] and topic[4] ~= '' then colStats[1] = colStats[1] + 1 end if topic[5] and topic[5] ~= '' then colStats[2] = colStats[2] + 1 end if topic[6] and topic[6] ~= '' then colStats[3] = colStats[3] + 1 end end footer[#footer + 1] = '\n|- class="sortbottom" style="background: #f8f9fa; font-weight: bold;"' footer[#footer + 1] = '| colspan="3" | ' .. catName .. ' (total: ' .. total .. ')' for i = 1, #languages do footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. colStats[i] .. ' / ' .. total end footer[#footer + 1] = '|' end return table.concat(footer, '\n') end -- Main function to render the complete table function p.table(frame) local result = {} -- Add language picker result[#result + 1] = createLanguagePicker() -- Add data source info result[#result + 1] = [=[ <div style="margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0.5em; background: #e8f4f8; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 90%;"> <strong>Data sources:</strong> <ul> <li>Articles from Mangalorean cuisine, Culture of Mangalore, and People from Mangalore categories</li> <li>Links can be fetched directly from Wikidata by placing a request to [[User_talk:A826]]</li> <li style="background: #d4f4d4; padding: 2px 4px;">Green = article exists in that language</li> <li style="background: #ffe0e0; padding: 2px 4px;">Red = article does not exist</li> </ul> </div> ]=] -- Start the table result[#result + 1] = createTableHeader() -- Add topic rows for index, topic in ipairs(topics) do result[#result + 1] = createTopicRow(index, topic) end -- Add category footers result[#result + 1] = createCategoryFooter() -- Add total footer result[#result + 1] = createTableFooter() -- Close the table result[#result + 1] = '\n|}' return table.concat(result, '\n') end return p h6z5vz9hwq75l111cdjpl7naa00qghr 366877 366866 2026-08-24T11:02:56Z A826 4610 366877 Scribunto text/plain --[[ Module:MangaloreTopicsTable Usage: {{#invoke:MangaloreTopicsTable|table}} This module generates a language availability table for Mangalore-related topics. Displays sitelinks for English, Kannada, and Tulu Wikipedias. ]] local p = {} -- Define the languages to display in the table (only 3 languages) local languages = { {code = 'en', name = 'English', wiki = 'enwiki'}, {code = 'kn', name = 'ಕನ್ನಡ', wiki = 'knwiki'}, {code = 'tcy', name = 'ತುಳು', wiki = 'tcywiki'} } -- Define the topics with their Wikidata QIDs and categories -- Format: {title, qid, category, en_sitelink, kn_sitelink, tcy_sitelink} -- Note: Use double quotes for strings with apostrophes to avoid escaping issues local topics = { -- Cuisine from Category:Mangalorean cuisine {"Bafat", "Q4841320", "Cuisine", "Bafat", "ಬಫತ್", ""}, {"Chandrakala (dessert)", "Q5071356", "Cuisine", "Chandrakala (dessert)", "", ""}, {"Chicken ghee roast", "Q28153715", "Cuisine", "Chicken ghee roast", "", ""}, {"Dosa (food)", "Q920940", "Cuisine", "Dosa (food)", "ದೋಸೆ", ""}, {"Fish pulimunchi", "Q125801330", "Cuisine", "Fish pulimunchi", "", ""}, {"Gujhia", "Q10997735", "Cuisine", "Gujhia", "ಗುಜಿಯಾ", ""}, {"Kidyo", "Q6405076", "Cuisine", "Kidyo", "", ""}, {"Kori rotti", "Q6432257", "Cuisine", "Kori rotti", "ಕೋರಿ ರೊಟ್ಟಿ", "ಕೋರಿ ರೊಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Kuswar", "Q17050765", "Cuisine", "Kuswar", "", ""}, {"Mangalore bajji", "Q6748722", "Cuisine", "Mangalore bajji", "ಗೋಳಿಬಜೆ", "ಗೋಳಿ ಬಜೆ"}, {"Mangalore buns", "Q28154541", "Cuisine", "Mangalore buns", "ಬನ್ಸ್", "ಬನ್ಸ್"}, {"Mangalorean Catholic cuisine", "Q6748728", "Cuisine", "Mangalorean Catholic cuisine", "", ""}, {"Mangalorean chicken sukka", "Q28154305", "Cuisine", "Mangalorean chicken sukka", "", "ಕುಡ್ಲದ ಕೋರಿ ಸುಕ್ಕ"}, {"Masala dosa", "Q11771087", "Cuisine", "Masala dosa", "ಮಸಾಲೆ ದೋಸೆ", "ಮಸಾಲೆ ದೋಸೆ"}, {"Neer dosa", "Q6986919", "Cuisine", "Neer dosa", "ನೀರ್ ದೋಸೆ", "ನೀರ್ ದೊಸೆ"}, {"Oondees", "Q7095366", "Cuisine", "Oondees", "", ""}, {"Pork bafat", "Q137299303", "Cuisine", "Pork bafat", "", ""}, {"Pundi", "Q28154814", "Cuisine", "Pundi", "ಪುಂಡಿ ಗಸಿ", "ಪುಂಡಿ"}, {"Sanna (dish)", "Q7418805", "Cuisine", "Sanna (dish)", "", ""}, {"Udupi cuisine", "Q3595274", "Cuisine", "Udupi cuisine", "ಉಡುಪಿ ಖಾದ್ಯಶೈಲಿ", ""}, -- Culture from Category:Culture of Mangalore {"Culture of Mangaluru", "Q5193593", "Culture", "Culture of Mangaluru", "ಮಂಗಳೂರಿನ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ", ""}, {"Aloyseum", "Q85741013", "Culture", "Aloyseum", "ಅಲೋಸಿಯಮ್", ""}, {"Architecture of Mangalorean Catholics", "Q4787160", "Culture", "Architecture of Mangalorean Catholics", "", ""}, {"Attire of Mangalorean Catholics", "Q4818523", "Culture", "Attire of Mangalorean Catholics", "ಮಂಗಳೂರಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕರ ಉಡುಪು", ""}, {"Belthangady Varado", "Q24931207", "Culture", "Belthangady Varado", "", ""}, {"Community Radio Sarang", "Q5154850", "Culture", "Community Radio Sarang", "", ""}, {"Culture of Mangalorean Catholics", "Q5193592", "Culture", "Culture of Mangalorean Catholics", "", ""}, {"Kambala", "Q6356259", "Culture", "Kambala", "ಕಂಬಳ", "ಕಂಬುಲ"}, {"Kori Kambla", "Q31830301", "Culture", "Kori Kambla", "ಪೂಕರೆ", "ಪೂಕರೆ"}, {"Mangalorean Catholic literature", "Q6748730", "Culture", "Mangalorean Catholic literature", "", ""}, {"Mangalorean Catholic name", "Q6748731", "Culture", "Mangalorean Catholic name", "", ""}, {"Mangaluru Dasara", "Q17061561", "Culture", "Mangaluru Dasara", "ಮಂಗಳೂರು ದಸರಾ", ""}, {"Pabbas", "Q28154326", "Culture", "Pabbas", "", ""}, {"Pattanaje", "Q31830233", "Culture", "Pattanaje", "ಪತ್ತನಾಜೆ", "ಪತ್ತನಾಜೆ"}, {"Pili Yesa", "Q5935713", "Culture", "Pili Yesa", "ಹುಲಿವೇಷ", "ಪಿಲಿ ವೇಷ"}, {"Pursere Kattuna", "Q132748975", "Culture", "Pursere Kattuna", "ಪುರುಷರ ಕುಣಿತ", "ಪುರ್ಸೆರೆ ಕಟ್ಟುನ"}, {"Siddavesa", "Q31830689", "Culture", "Siddavesa", "ಸಿದ್ಧವೇಷ", "ಸಿದ್ದವೇಸ ನಲಿಕೆ"}, {"Srimanthi Bhai Memorial Government Museum", "Q85802848", "Culture", "Srimanthi Bhai Memorial Government Museum", "ಶ್ರೀಮಂತಿ ಭಾಯಿ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಸರ್ಕಾರಿ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯ", ""}, {"Tulu calendar", "Q7852416", "Culture", "Tulu calendar", "ತುಳು ಕ್ಯಾಲೆಂಡರ್", "ತುಳು ತಿಂಗೊಲು"}, -- People (Mangalore City) from Category:People from Mangalore {"Harsha Raj Gatty", "Q5673795", "People (Mangalore City)", "Harsha Raj Gatty", "", ""}, {"Kasargod Patnashetti Gopal Rao", "Q94309385", "People (Mangalore City)", "Kasargod Patnashetti Gopal Rao", "ಕಾಸರಗೋಡು ಪಟ್ನಾಶೆಟ್ಟಿ ಗೋಪಾಲ್ ರಾವ್", ""}, {"Harekala Hajabba", "Q61873224", "People (Mangalore City)", "Harekala Hajabba", "ಹರೆಕಳ ಹಾಜಬ್ಬ", "ಹರೆಕಳ ಹಾಜಬ್ಬ"}, {"Mahendra Kumar", "Q6733737", "People (Mangalore City)", "Mahendra Kumar", "ಮಹೇಂದ್ರ ಕುಮಾರ್", ""}, {"Clemens Mendonca", "Q1100032", "People (Mangalore City)", "Clemens Mendonca", "", ""}, {"Baptist Mudartha", "Q807098", "People (Mangalore City)", "Baptist Mudartha", "", ""}, {"V. M. M. Nair", "Q88217515", "People (Mangalore City)", "V. M. M. Nair", "", ""}, {"Dhanalakshmi Poojary", "Q138744270", "People (Mangalore City)", "Dhanalakshmi Poojary", "", "ಧನಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿ ಪೂಜಾರಿ"}, {"Harish Poonja", "Q108090092", "People (Mangalore City)", "Harish Poonja", "", ""}, {"Valerian Rodrigues", "Q24006655", "People (Mangalore City)", "Valerian Rodrigues", "", ""}, {"Peter Paul Saldanha", "Q55354118", "People (Mangalore City)", "Peter Paul Saldanha", "", ""}, {"Käte Schaller-Härlin", "Q1795505", "People (Mangalore City)", "Käte Schaller-Härlin", "", ""}, {"Isha Sharma", "Q108400471", "People (Mangalore City)", "Isha Sharma", "", ""}, {"Sally Varma", "Q81942730", "People (Mangalore City)", "Sally Varma", "", ""}, -- People (Ethnic Group) from Category:Mangaloreans {"Mangaloreans", "Q12352241", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Mangaloreans", "", ""}, {"Prahlad Acharya", "Q7237720", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Prahlad Acharya", "", ""}, {"Satish Acharya", "Q12455277", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Satish Acharya", "ಸತೀಶ್ ಆಚಾರ್ಯ", ""}, {"V. S. Acharya", "Q7906213", "People (Ethnic Group)", "V. S. Acharya", "ವಿ. ಎಸ್. ಆಚಾರ್ಯ", "ವಿ. ಎಸ್. ಆಚಾರ್ಯ"}, {"Aravind Adiga", "Q296299", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Aravind Adiga", "ಅರವಿಂದ್ ಅಡಿಗ", ""}, {"Gopalakrishna Adiga", "Q5584216", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Gopalakrishna Adiga", "ಗೋಪಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಅಡಿಗ", "ಗೋಪಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಅಡಿಗ"}, {"Stan Ageira", "Q7597522", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Stan Ageira", "", ""}, {"Joachim Alva", "Q6204502", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Joachim Alva", "ಜೋಕಿಮ್ ಆಳ್ವಾ", ""}, {"S. K. Amin", "Q7387570", "People (Ethnic Group)", "S. K. Amin", "", ""}, {"Chirashree Anchan", "Q57534334", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Chirashree Anchan", "", ""}, {"Anushree (Kannada actress)", "Q26221433", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Anushree (Kannada actress)", "ಅನುಶ್ರೀ", "ಅನುಶ್ರೀ"}, {"Ranjith Bajpe", "Q21932321", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ranjith Bajpe", "", ""}, {"A. V. Baliga", "Q4648458", "People (Ethnic Group)", "A. V. Baliga", "", ""}, {"Balkrishna Shetty", "Q4851150", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Balkrishna Shetty", "", ""}, {"Ashish Ballal", "Q4805154", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ashish Ballal", "ಆಶಿಶ್ ಬಲ್ಲಾಳ್", ""}, {"Gulzar Banu", "Q5617947", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Gulzar Banu", "ಗುಲ್ಜ಼ಾರ್ ಬಾನು", ""}, {"P. Gururaja Bhat", "Q7117257", "People (Ethnic Group)", "P. Gururaja Bhat", "ಪಿ.ಗುರುರಾಜ ಭಟ್", ""}, {"K. Raghupati Bhat", "Q6323875", "People (Ethnic Group)", "K. Raghupati Bhat", "", ""}, {"U. R. Bhat", "Q7863529", "People (Ethnic Group)", "U. R. Bhat", "", ""}, {"Yogaraj Bhat", "Q7377749", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Yogaraj Bhat", "ಯೋಗರಾಜ ಭಟ್", "ಯೋಗರಾಜ್ ಭಟ್"}, {"Aravind Bolar", "Q20630591", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Aravind Bolar", "ಅರವಿಂದ್ ಬೋಳಾರ್", "ಅರವಿಂದ್ ಬೋಳಾರ್"}, {"Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay", "Q3347911", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay", "ಕಮಲಾದೇವಿ ಚಟ್ಟೋಪಾಧ್ಯಾಯ", "ಕಮಲಾದೇವಿ ಚಟ್ಟೋಪಾಧ್ಯಾಯ"}, {"Abbakka Chowta", "Q717732", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Abbakka Chowta", "ರಾಣಿ ಅಬ್ಬಕ್ಕ", "ರಾಣಿ ಅಬ್ಬಕ್ಕ ದೇವಿ"}, {"Sandeep Chowta", "Q7416066", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sandeep Chowta", "", ""}, {"Richard Crasta", "Q3430666", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Richard Crasta", "", ""}, {"Aloysius Paul D'Souza", "Q4734715", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Aloysius Paul D'Souza", "ಅಲೋಷಿಯಸ್ ಪೌಲ್ ಡಿ'ಸೋಜಾ", ""}, {"Basil Salvadore D'Souza", "Q1967213", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Basil Salvadore D'Souza", "", ""}, {"Faye D'Souza", "Q43078545", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Faye D'Souza", "", ""}, {"Tony D'Souza", "Q7822166", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Tony D'Souza", "", ""}, {"Jerome D'Souza", "Q3190865", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Jerome D'Souza", "", "ಜೆರೋಮ್ ಡಿ'ಸೋಜ"}, {"Rajani Duganna", "Q7285734", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Rajani Duganna", "ರಜನಿ ದುಗಣ್ಣ", ""}, {"Erica Fernandes", "Q16200342", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Erica Fernandes", "ಎರಿಕಾ ಫರ್ನಾಂಡಿಸ್", ""}, {"Lawrence Fernandes", "Q17626796", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Lawrence Fernandes", "", ""}, {"Oscar Fernandes", "Q1453956", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Oscar Fernandes", "ಆಸ್ಕರ್ ಫೆರ್ನಾಂಡಿಸ್", "ಆಸ್ಕರ್ ಫೆರ್ನಾಂಡಿಸ್"}, {"Victor R. Fernandes", "Q7926259", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Victor R. Fernandes", "", ""}, {"Kadri Gopalnath", "Q377887", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Kadri Gopalnath", "ಕದ್ರಿ ಗೋಪಾಲನಾಥ್", ""}, {"M. Govinda Pai", "Q3595272", "People (Ethnic Group)", "M. Govinda Pai", "ಗೋವಿಂದ ಪೈ", "ಮಂಜೇಶ್ವರ ಗೋವಿಂದ ಪೈ"}, {"Bannanje Govindacharya", "Q4856866", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Bannanje Govindacharya", "ಬನ್ನಂಜೆ ಗೋವಿಂದಾಚಾರ್ಯ", "ಬನ್ನಂಜೆ ಗೋವಿಂದಾಚಾರ್ಯ"}, {"Gurukiran", "Q5620498", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Gurukiran", "ಗುರುಕಿರಣ್", "ಗುರುಕಿರಣ್"}, {"K. S. Hegde", "Q5796923", "People (Ethnic Group)", "K. S. Hegde", "", "ಕೆ. ಎಸ್. ಹೆಗ್ಡೆ"}, {"B. M. Hegde", "Q4883664", "People (Ethnic Group)", "B. M. Hegde", "ಬಿ.ಎಮ್.ಹೆಗ್ಡೆ", ""}, {"Ganesh Hegde", "Q5520834", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ganesh Hegde", "", ""}, {"Ravivarma Narasimha Domba Heggade", "Q7296788", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ravivarma Narasimha Domba Heggade", "ರವಿವರ್ಮ ನರಸಿಂಹ ಡೊಂಬ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ", "ರವಿವರ್ಮ ನರಸಿಂಹ ಡೊಂಬ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ"}, {"Veerendra Heggade", "Q4776900", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Veerendra Heggade", "ವೀರೇಂದ್ರ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ", "ವೀರೇಂದ್ರ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ"}, {"Bakila Hukrappa", "Q25246589", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Bakila Hukrappa", "", ""}, {"Alangar Jayagovind", "Q16107355", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Alangar Jayagovind", "", ""}, {"M. V. Kamath", "Q3877603", "People (Ethnic Group)", "M. V. Kamath", "ಎಮ್. ವಿ. ಕಾಮತ್", "ಎಂ.ವಿ.ಕಾಮತ್"}, {"Devadas Kapikad", "Q19661727", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Devadas Kapikad", "ದೇವದಾಸ್ ಕಾಪಿಕಾಡ್", "ದೇವದಾಸ್ ಕಾಪಿಕಾಡ್"}, {"Nalin Kumar Kateel", "Q6960896", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Nalin Kumar Kateel", "ನಳಿನ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ ಕಟೀಲ್", "ನಳಿನ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ ಕಟೀಲ್"}, {"Sheila Khambadkone", "Q7493084", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sheila Khambadkone", "", "ಶೀಲಾ ಕೇಶವ್ ಕಂಬದಕೋಣೆ"}, {"Annapoorna Kini", "Q4767989", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Annapoorna Kini", "", ""}, {"Vaman Srinivas Kudva", "Q3632999", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vaman Srinivas Kudva", "ವಾಮನ ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸ್ ಕುಡ್ವಾ", ""}, {"V. Dhananjay Kumar", "Q7906032", "People (Ethnic Group)", "V. Dhananjay Kumar", "", "ವಿ. ಧನಂಜಯ ಕುಮಾರ್"}, {"Mahendra Kumar", "Q6733737", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Mahendra Kumar", "ಮಹೇಂದ್ರ ಕುಮಾರ್", ""}, {"Praveen Kumar (Mangalore politician)", "Q7238857", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Praveen Kumar (Mangalore politician)", "", ""}, {"Budhi Kunderan", "Q3536900", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Budhi Kunderan", "ಬುಧಿ ಕುಂದೆರನ್", ""}, {"Terence Lewis (choreographer)", "Q7701944", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Terence Lewis (choreographer)", "", ""}, {"Rita Lobo", "Q124668869", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Rita Lobo", "", ""}, {"Mamatha Maben", "Q6745469", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Mamatha Maben", "", ""}, {"Manorama Madhwaraj", "Q6751416", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Manorama Madhwaraj", "", ""}, {"Thimmappaiah Madiyal", "Q7672660", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Thimmappaiah Madiyal", "", "ತಿಮ್ಮಪ್ಪಯ್ಯ ಮಡಿಯಾಲ್"}, {"Sheetal Mallar", "Q7492542", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sheetal Mallar", "", ""}, {"U. Srinivas Mallya", "Q7863541", "People (Ethnic Group)", "U. Srinivas Mallya", "ಉಳ್ಳಾಲ ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಯ", "ಉಳ್ಳಾಲ ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಯ"}, {"Vijay Mallya", "Q173118", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vijay Mallya", "ವಿಜಯ್ ಮಲ್ಯ", ""}, {"Vittal Mallya", "Q7937268", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vittal Mallya", "", "ವಿಠ್ಠಲ್ ಮಲ್ಯ"}, {"Lalaji Mendon", "Q6480170", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Lalaji Mendon", "", ""}, {"Thumbay Moideen", "Q16189405", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Thumbay Moideen", "", ""}, {"Veerappa Moily", "Q3519659", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Veerappa Moily", "ವೀರಪ್ಪ ಮೊಯ್ಲಿ", "ವೀರಪ್ಪ ಮೊಯಿಲಿ"}, {"Sonal Monteiro", "Q52395230", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sonal Monteiro", "", ""}, {"Sundar Rao Nadkarni", "Q7639218", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sundar Rao Nadkarni", "", ""}, {"Narendra Nayak", "Q6965791", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Narendra Nayak", "ನರೇಂದ್ರ ನಾಯಕ್", ""}, {"Ahmed Noori", "Q4695958", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ahmed Noori", "", "ಅಬೂ ರೈಹಾನ್ ಅಹ್ಮದ್ ನೂರಿ"}, {"Ester Noronha", "Q22279433", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ester Noronha", "", ""}, {"Naveen D. Padil", "Q20649321", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Naveen D. Padil", "ನವೀನ್ ಡಿ. ಪಡಿಲ್", "ನವೀನ್ ಡಿ ಪಡೀಲ್"}, {"Ammembal Subba Rao Pai", "Q3630904", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ammembal Subba Rao Pai", "ಅಮ್ಮೆಂಬಳ ಸುಬ್ಬರಾವ್ ಪೈ", "ಅಮ್ಮೆಂಬಳ ಸುಬ್ಬ ರಾವ್ ಪೈ"}, {"Mangalore Ranga Pai", "Q6748716", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Mangalore Ranga Pai", "ಮಂಗಳೂರು ರಂಗ ಪೈ", ""}, {"T. A. Pai", "Q7668113", "People (Ethnic Group)", "T. A. Pai", "", "ಟಿ ಎ ಪೈ"}, {"Tonse Ramesh Upendra Pai", "Q7821663", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Tonse Ramesh Upendra Pai", "", ""}, {"Pandurangashram", "Q7130782", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Pandurangashram", "", ""}, {"Brian J. G. Pereira", "Q16734386", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Brian J. G. Pereira", "", ""}, {"Pius Fidelis Pinto", "Q7199592", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Pius Fidelis Pinto", "", ""}, {"Janardhana Poojary", "Q6150798", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Janardhana Poojary", "", "ಜನಾರ್ಧನ ಪೂಜಾರಿ"}, {"Shubha Poonja", "Q7504558", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Shubha Poonja", "", "ಶುಭ ಪೂಂಜಾ"}, {"Cedric Prakash", "Q5057138", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Cedric Prakash", "", ""}, {"Dinker Belle Rai", "Q21062292", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Dinker Belle Rai", "", ""}, {"Kayyar Kinhanna Rai", "Q6380737", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Kayyar Kinhanna Rai", "ಕಯ್ಯಾರ ಕಿಞ್ಞಣ್ಣ ರೈ", "ಕಯ್ಯಾರ ಕಿಂಞಣ್ಣ ರೈ"}, {"Muthappa Rai", "Q6943821", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Muthappa Rai", "", ""}, {"Satheesha Rai", "Q7426141", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Satheesha Rai", "", ""}, {"Vinay Rai", "Q7931382", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vinay Rai", "", ""}, {"Prakash Raj", "Q1322453", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Prakash Raj", "ಪ್ರಕಾಶ್ ರೈ", "ಪ್ರಕಾಶ್ ರೈ"}, {"Ramchandra P. N.", "Q7289286", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ramchandra P. N.", "", ""}, {"B. Shiva Rao", "Q4834213", "People (Ethnic Group)", "B. Shiva Rao", "ಬಿ. ಶಿವ ರಾವ್", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ಶಿವ ರಾವ್"}, {"Kumble Sundara Rao", "Q81491512", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Kumble Sundara Rao", "ಕುಂಬಳೆ ಸುಂದರ ರಾವ್", "ಕುಂಬಳೆ ಸುಂದರ ರಾವ್"}, {"Udupi Ramachandra Rao", "Q7877236", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Udupi Ramachandra Rao", "ಯು. ಆರ್. ರಾವ್", "ಯು.ಆರ್.ರಾವ್"}, {"Viren Rasquinha", "Q7933691", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Viren Rasquinha", "", ""}, {"B. N. Rau", "Q817096", "People (Ethnic Group)", "B. N. Rau", "ಬಿ.ಎನ್.ರಾವ್", "ಬಿ. ಎನ್. ರಾವ್"}, {"Benegal Rama Rau", "Q3380621", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Benegal Rama Rau", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ರಾಮ ರಾವ್", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ರಾಮ ರಾವ್"}, {"P. Raghavendra Rau", "Q15996340", "People (Ethnic Group)", "P. Raghavendra Rau", "", "ಪಣಂಬೂರು ರಾಘವೇಂದ್ರ ರಾವ್"}, {"Wilfy Rebimbus", "Q8002044", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Wilfy Rebimbus", "ವಿಲ್ಫಿ ರೆಬಿಂಬಸ್", "ವಿಲ್ಫಿ ರೆಬಿಂಬಸ್"}, {"Jemimah Rodrigues", "Q42898219", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Jemimah Rodrigues", "ಜೆಮಿಮಾ ರೊಡ್ರಿಗಸ್", "ಜೆಮಿಮಾ ರೊಡ್ರಿಗಸ್"}, {"Victor Rodrigues", "Q7926294", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Victor Rodrigues", "", ""}, {"Ibrahim Saeed", "Q5984709", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ibrahim Saeed", "ಇಬ್ರಾಹಿಂ ಸಯೀದ್", ""}, {"M. F. Saldanha", "Q6712567", "People (Ethnic Group)", "M. F. Saldanha", "", ""}, {"B. A. Saletore", "Q4833897", "People (Ethnic Group)", "B. A. Saletore", "", "ಭಾಸ್ಕರ ಆನಂದ್ ಸಾಲೆತೊರೆ"}, {"Stanley Jedidiah Samartha", "Q7599704", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Stanley Jedidiah Samartha", "", ""}, {"Aarti Sequeira", "Q4662650", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Aarti Sequeira", "", ""}, {"Ravi Shastri", "Q3518502", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ravi Shastri", "ರವಿ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಿ", ""}, {"Bellikoth Raghunath Shenoy", "Q4884007", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Bellikoth Raghunath Shenoy", "", "ಬೆಳ್ಳಿಕೊತ್ ರಘುನಾಥ ಶೆಣೈ"}, {"A. B. Shetty", "Q4647569", "People (Ethnic Group)", "A. B. Shetty", "ಅತ್ತಾವರ ಬಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", ""}, {"Ajit Shetty", "Q2449199", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Ajit Shetty", "", ""}, {"Avantika Shetty", "Q25898075", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Avantika Shetty", "", ""}, {"B. R. Shetty", "Q4834167", "People (Ethnic Group)", "B. R. Shetty", "ಬಿ. ಆರ್. ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಬಾವಗುತ್ತು ರಘುರಾಮ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Devi Shetty", "Q5266968", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Devi Shetty", "ದೇವಿಪ್ರಸಾದ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ದೇವಿಪ್ರಸಾದ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Hriday Shetty", "Q20875078", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Hriday Shetty", "", "ಹೃದಯ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Kedambadi Jagannath Shetty", "Q6382518", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Kedambadi Jagannath Shetty", "", ""}, {"M. B. Shetty", "Q5447845", "People (Ethnic Group)", "M. B. Shetty", "ಎಮ್. ಬಿ. ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಎಮ್. ಬಿ. ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Prakash Shetty", "Q7238196", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Prakash Shetty", "", ""}, {"Rakshit Shetty", "Q16239340", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Rakshit Shetty", "ರಕ್ಷಿತ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ರಕ್ಷಿತ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Rohit Shetty", "Q6716074", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Rohit Shetty", "ರೋಹಿತ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", ""}, {"Sandeep Shetty", "Q21933180", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sandeep Shetty", "ಸಂದೀಪ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಸಂದೀಪ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Shamita Shetty", "Q2393916", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Shamita Shetty", "", ""}, {"Shashi Kiran Shetty", "Q7490556", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Shashi Kiran Shetty", "", ""}, {"Shilpa Shetty", "Q270665", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Shilpa Shetty", "ಶಿಲ್ಪಾ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಶಿಲ್ಪಾ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Suniel Shetty", "Q983043", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Suniel Shetty", "ಸುನೀಲ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಸುನೀಲ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Varuna Shetty", "Q16202902", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Varuna Shetty", "", ""}, {"Gundibail Sunderam", "Q5618639", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Gundibail Sunderam", "", ""}, {"Suryanarayana (Bajrang Dal)", "Q7647418", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Suryanarayana (Bajrang Dal)", "", ""}, {"Sneha Ullal", "Q469215", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Sneha Ullal", "", "ಸ್ನೇಹಾ ಉಲ್ಲಾಳ್"}, {"Vamanashram", "Q7912917", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vamanashram", "", ""}, {"Bhojaraj Vamanjoor", "Q23761449", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Bhojaraj Vamanjoor", "", ""}, {"Vidyabhushana", "Q7377137", "People (Ethnic Group)", "Vidyabhushana", "ವಿದ್ಯಾಭೂಷಣ", ""}, -- Belthangady taluk {"Madyanthar", "Q6728881", "Belthangady taluk", "Madanthyar", "ಮಡಂತ್ಯಾರು", ""}, -- Dakshina Kannada district {"Kotekar", "Q6433924", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Kotekar", "ಕೋಟೆಕಾರ್", ""}, {"Patrame", "Q7145212", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Patrame", "ಪಟ್ರಾಮೆ", ""}, {"102 Nekkilady", "Q4546414", "Dakshina Kannada district", "102 Nekkilady", "೧೦೨ ನೆಕ್ಕಿಲಡಿ", ""}, {"Adyapady", "Q4686930", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Adyapady", "ಅದ್ಯಪಾಡಿ", ""}, {"Aikala", "Q4696907", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Aikala", "ಐಕಳ", ""}, {"Aithoor", "Q4699314", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Aithoor", "ಐತ್ತೂರು", ""}, {"Ajjavara", "Q4699863", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Ajjavara", "ಅಜ್ಜಾವರ", ""}, {"Ajjibettu", "Q4699876", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Ajjibettu", "ಅಜ್ಜಿಬೆಟ್ಟು", ""}, {"Alike", "Q4726612", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Alike", "ಅಳಿಕೆ", ""}, {"Doddathota", "Q5287757", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Doddathota", "ದೊಡ್ಡತೋಟ", ""}, {"Kinnipadavu", "Q124349043", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Kinnipadavu", "ಕಿನ್ನಿಪದವು", ""}, {"Aivarnadu", "Q4699367", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Aivarnadu", "", ""}, {"Aivathoklu", "Q4699371", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Aivathoklu", "", ""}, {"Kodimbala", "Q6425332", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Kodimbala", "", ""}, {"Kokradi", "Q6426858", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Kokradi", "", ""}, {"Kolnadu", "Q6427431", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Kolnadu", "", ""}, {"Kuvettu", "Q6448789", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Kuvettu", "", ""}, {"Laila, Dakshina Kannada", "Q6473838", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Laila, Dakshina Kannada", "", ""}, {"Manchi", "Q6747597", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Manchi", "", ""}, {"Manjanady", "Q6750347", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Manjanady", "", ""}, {"Mithur", "Q6881730", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Mithur", "", ""}, {"Narikombu", "Q6965928", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Narikombu", "", ""}, {"Nettanigemudnoor", "Q7000440", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Nettanigemudnoor", "", ""}, {"Olamogru", "Q7083073", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Olamogru", "", ""}, {"Pakshikere", "Q7126059", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Pakshikere", "", ""}, {"Harekala", "Q10765710", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Harekala", "", ""}, {"Koila", "Q10780717", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Koila", "", ""}, {"Amaramudnooru", "Q4740139", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Amaramudnooru", "", ""}, {"Amtady", "Q4748878", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Amtady", "", ""}, {"Aramboor", "Q4784003", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Aramboor", "", ""}, {"Aryapu", "Q4802665", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Aryapu (Rural)", "", ""}, {"Bajathuru", "Q4848854", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Bajathuru", "", ""}, {"Balthila", "Q4852673", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Balthila", "", ""}, {"Duggaladka", "Q5312513", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Duggaladka", "", ""}, {"Golthamajal", "Q5580983", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Golthamajal", "", ""}, {"Hirebandadi", "Q5769581", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Hirebandadi", "", ""}, {"Ilanthila", "Q5997147", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Ilanthila", "", ""}, {"Kepu", "Q6393257", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Kepu", "", ""}, {"Keyyur", "Q6398562", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Keyyur", "", ""}, {"Pejavara", "Q7160990", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Pejavara", "ಪೇಜಾವರ", ""}, {"Addur", "Q4681421", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Addur", "ಅಡ್ಡೂರು", ""}, {"Munnuru", "Q6936808", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Munnuru", "", ""}, {"Narimogru", "Q6965957", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Narimogru", "", ""}, {"Sarapady", "Q7423159", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Sarapady", "", ""}, {"Ira, Dakshina Kannada", "Q6065918", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Ira, Dakshina Kannada", "", ""}, {"Adyar", "Q488699", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Adyar, Karnataka", "ಅಡ್ಯಾರ್, ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ", ""}, {"Punacha", "Q7259876", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Punacha", "ಪುಣಚ", ""}, {"Subramanya", "Q7631893", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Subramanya, Karnataka", "ಸುಬ್ರಮಣ್ಯ,ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ", ""}, {"Kanyana", "Q6365834", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Kanyana", "", ""}, {"Pane mangalore", "Q7130798", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Panemangalore, Karnataka", "ಪಾಣೆಮಂಗಳೂರು", ""}, {"Shishila", "Q111951244", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Shishila", "ಶಿಶಿಲ", ""}, {"Jalsoor", "Q6126987", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Jalsoor", "", ""}, {"Veerakamba", "Q7918151", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Veerakamba", "", ""}, {"Kakkinje", "Q6349531", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Kakkinje", "ಕಕ್ಕಿಂಜೆ", ""}, {"Thiruvail", "Q7785467", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Thiruvail", "ತಿರುವೈಲು", ""}, {"Thokottu", "Q7786664", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Thokottu", "ತೊಕ್ಕೋಟ್ಟು", ""}, {"Badagaulipady", "Q4840509", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Badagaulipady", "", ""}, {"Kabaka Puttur", "Q6343783", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Kabaka Puttur", "", ""}, {"Naringana", "Q6965970", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Naringana", "", ""}, {"Neriya", "Q6996406", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Neriya", "", ""}, {"Phajeer", "Q7180203", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Phajeer", "", ""}, {"Puthige, Dakshina Kannada", "Q7262229", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Puthige, Dakshina Kannada", "", ""}, {"Sajipamuda", "Q7402662", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Sajipamuda", "", ""}, {"Shamboor", "Q7487479", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Shamboor", "", ""}, {"Talipady", "Q7679535", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Talipady", "", ""}, {"Vittal", "Q7937267", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Vittal", "", ""}, {"Vittalpadanur", "Q7937274", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Vittalpadanur", "", ""}, {"Suralpady", "Q96407020", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Suralpady", "", ""}, {"Ubaradka Mittur", "Q119084449", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Ubaradka Mittur", "", ""}, {"Mudushedde", "Q2558117", "Dakshina Kannada district", "Mudushedde", "ಮೂಡುಶೆಡ್ಡೆ", ""}, -- Karnataka {"Kinnya", "Q6414147", "Karnataka", "Kinnya", "ಕಿನ್ಯ", ""}, {"Nelliyadi", "Q6990200", "Karnataka", "Nelliyadi", "", ""}, {"Bellare", "Q4883495", "Karnataka", "Bellare, Dakshina Kannada", "ಬೆಳ್ಳಾರೆ", ""}, {"Koluvail", "Q6427948", "Karnataka", "Koluvail", "", ""}, {"Omzoor", "Q7090814", "Karnataka", "Omzoor", "", ""}, {"Uchila", "Q16726700", "Karnataka", "Uchila, Dakshina Kannada district", "", ""}, {"Aranthodu", "Q4784155", "Karnataka", "Aranthodu", "", ""}, {"Attur-kemral", "Q4818747", "Karnataka", "Attur-kemral", "", ""}, {"Guruvayankere", "Q5620566", "Karnataka", "Guruvayankere", "", ""}, {"Guthigaru", "Q5621744", "Karnataka", "Guthigaru", "", ""}, {"Karopady", "Q6373259", "Karnataka", "Karopady", "", ""}, {"Inoli", "Q17056571", "Karnataka", "Inoli", "", ""}, {"Thodikana", "Q7786622", "Karnataka", "Thodikana", "ತೊಡಿಕಾನ", ""}, {"Pavoor, Dakshina Kannada", "Q16896495", "Karnataka", "Pavoor, Dakshina Kannada", "", ""}, {"Mundaje", "Q17075580", "Karnataka", "Mundaje", "ಮುಂಡಾಜೆ", ""}, {"Talapady", "Q13112404", "Karnataka", "Talapady, D.K.", "ತಲಪಾಡಿ", ""}, {"Kaniyooru", "Q2725645", "Karnataka", "Kaniyuru", "ಕಾಣಿಯೂರು", ""}, {"Deralakatte", "Q5261324", "Karnataka", "Deralakatte", "ದೇರಳಕಟ್ಟೆ", ""}, {"Doddikatta", "Q5287772", "Karnataka", "Doddikatta", "", ""}, {"Ernody", "Q5394845", "Karnataka", "Ernody", "", ""}, {"Kadandale", "Q6345146", "Karnataka", "Kadandale", "", ""}, {"Kavathar", "Q6379152", "Karnataka", "Kavathar", "", ""}, {"Kodangallu", "Q6425213", "Karnataka", "Kodangallu", "", ""}, {"Kudippady", "Q6441703", "Karnataka", "Kudippady", "", ""}, {"Odadadka", "Q7077219", "Karnataka", "Odadadka", "", ""}, {"Padu Kody", "Q7123967", "Karnataka", "Padu Kody", "", ""}, {"Pajiradka", "Q7125310", "Karnataka", "Pajiradka", "", ""}, {"Pavanje", "Q7155531", "Karnataka", "Pavanje", "", ""}, {"Punaroor", "Q7259909", "Karnataka", "Punaroor", "", ""}, {"Punjalkatte", "Q7260361", "Karnataka", "Punjalkatte", "", ""}, {"Thokur", "Q7786669", "Karnataka", "Thokur", "", ""}, {"Yedapadavu", "Q8051061", "Karnataka", "Yedapadavu", "", ""}, {"Kalmanja village", "Q16897869", "Karnataka", "Kalmanja village", "", ""}, {"Shirthady", "Q17089910", "Karnataka", "Shirthady", "", ""}, {"Siddakatte", "Q24925363", "Karnataka", "Siddakatte", "", ""}, -- Mangaluru taluk {"Permude", "Q96398859", "Mangaluru taluk", "Permude", "ಪೆರ್ಮುದೆ", ""}, {"Tenkayedapadavu", "Q7699911", "Mangaluru taluk", "Tenkayedapadavu", "", ""}, -- Tulu Nadu {"Munder", "Q109466875", "Tulu Nadu", "Munder, Udupi", "", ""}, -- Udupi {"Khambadakone", "Q107313441", "Udupi", "Kambadakone", "", ""}, {"Hallihole", "Q108803611", "Udupi", "Hallihole", "", ""}, {"Benegal", "Q109448189", "Udupi", "Benegal", "", ""}, {"Belve", "Q119039024", "Udupi", "Belve", "", ""}, {"Hosadu", "Q119039316", "Udupi", "Hosadu", "", ""}, {"Thekkatte", "Q119039488", "Udupi", "Thekkatte", "", ""}, {"Ulloor", "Q119084376", "Udupi", "Ulloor (Karnataka)", "", ""}, {"Japthi", "Q119398398", "Udupi", "Japthi", "", ""}, {"Keradi", "Q115805711", "Udupi", "Keradi", "", ""}, -- Udupi district {"Nitte", "Q16254516", "Udupi district", "Nitte", "", ""}, -- People (Dakshina Kannada) from Category:People from Dakshina Kannada district {"Ganapathi Rao Aigal", "Q5520489", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ganapathi Rao Aigal", "", ""}, {"Bellipadi Chandrahasa Alva", "Q4833927", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Bellipadi Chandrahasa Alva", "", ""}, {"Amara Sullia Rebellion", "Q108142412", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Amara Sullia Rebellion", "ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ಹೋರಾಟ ೧೮೩೭", "ಅಮರ ಸುಳ್ಯ ಸೊಸಂತ್ರೊ ಪೊರಂಬಾಟೊ"}, {"Ranjith Bajpe", "Q21932321", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ranjith Bajpe", "", ""}, {"B. S. Baliga", "Q4834190", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. S. Baliga", "", ""}, {"Bantwal Vaikunta Baliga", "Q4857273", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Bantwal Vaikunta Baliga", "", ""}, {"Ashish Ballal", "Q4805154", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ashish Ballal", "ಆಶಿಶ್ ಬಲ್ಲಾಳ್", ""}, {"K. Vasantha Bangera", "Q24572406", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. Vasantha Bangera", "", ""}, {"Girish Bharadwaj", "Q41775998", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Girish Bharadwaj", "ಗಿರೀಶ್ ಭಾರದ್ವಾಜ್", ""}, {"Ashwini Bhat", "Q23765682", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ashwini Bhat", "ಅಶ್ವಿನಿ ಭಟ್", ""}, {"M. Mariappa Bhat", "Q22006453", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "M. Mariappa Bhat", "", ""}, {"Polali Jayarama Bhat", "Q16841326", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Polali Jayarama Bhat", "", ""}, {"Raghuram Bhat", "Q7283055", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Raghuram Bhat", "ರಘುರಾಮ್ ಭಟ್", ""}, {"U. R. Bhat", "Q7863529", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "U. R. Bhat", "", ""}, {"K. Chidananda Gowda", "Q6323273", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. Chidananda Gowda", "ಕೆ.ಚಿದಾನಂದ ಗೌಡ", ""}, {"Abbakka Chowta", "Q717732", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Abbakka Chowta", "ರಾಣಿ ಅಬ್ಬಕ್ಕ", "ರಾಣಿ ಅಬ್ಬಕ್ಕ ದೇವಿ"}, {"John Michael D'Cunha", "Q18206321", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "John Michael D'Cunha", "", ""}, {"Aloysius Paul D'Souza", "Q4734715", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Aloysius Paul D'Souza", "ಅಲೋಷಿಯಸ್ ಪೌಲ್ ಡಿ'ಸೋಜಾ", ""}, {"William D'Souza", "Q2578515", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "William D'Souza", "", ""}, {"Vasundhara Doraswamy", "Q29446238", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Vasundhara Doraswamy", "ವಸುಂಧರಾ ದೊರೈಸ್ವಾಮಿ", ""}, {"Kadri Gopalnath", "Q377887", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kadri Gopalnath", "ಕದ್ರಿ ಗೋಪಾಲನಾಥ್", ""}, {"Sadananda Gowda", "Q1151446", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Sadananda Gowda", "ಡಿ. ವಿ. ಸದಾನಂದ ಗೌಡ", "ಡಿ. ವಿ. ಸದಾನಂದ ಗೌಡ"}, {"Sinchana D. Gowda", "Q106240774", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Sinchana D. Gowda", "", "ಸಿಂಚನಾ ಡಿ ಗೌಡ"}, {"Veerendra Heggade", "Q4776900", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Veerendra Heggade", "ವೀರೇಂದ್ರ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ", "ವೀರೇಂದ್ರ ಹೆಗ್ಗಡೆ"}, {"Mohammed Hussain", "Q3445425", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Mohammed Hussain", "", ""}, {"S. A. Hussain", "Q7387337", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "S. A. Hussain", "", ""}, {"B. M. Idinabba", "Q4834109", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. M. Idinabba", "ಬಿ.ಎಂ.ಇದಿನಬ್ಬ", ""}, {"Abhayachandra Jain", "Q24572340", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Abhayachandra Jain", "", "ಕೆ. ಅಭಯಚಂದ್ರ ಜೈನ್"}, {"Padmanabh Jaini", "Q7123844", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Padmanabh Jaini", "", ""}, {"Alangar Jayagovind", "Q16107355", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Alangar Jayagovind", "", ""}, {"Jayamala", "Q6123633", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Jayamala", "ಜಯಮಾಲಾ", "ಜಯಮಾಲಾ"}, {"Jogi (writer)", "Q15717845", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Jogi (writer)", "ಗಿರೀಶ್ ರಾವ್ ಹತ್ವಾರ್", ""}, {"Kalpana (Kannada actress)", "Q13158764", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kalpana (Kannada actress)", "ಕಲ್ಪನಾ", ""}, {"Ganapatrao Maharaj Kannur", "Q16016184", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ganapatrao Maharaj Kannur", "ಗಣಪತರಾವ್ ಮಹಾರಾಜ", ""}, {"Shobha Karandlaje", "Q7499789", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Shobha Karandlaje", "ಶೋಭಾ ಕರಂದ್ಲಾಜೆ", "ಶೋಭಾ ಕರಂದ್ಲಾಜೆ"}, {"B. V. Karanth", "Q3595279", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. V. Karanth", "ಬಿ. ವಿ. ಕಾರಂತ್", "ಬಿ. ವಿ. ಕಾರಂತ್"}, {"K. Ullas Karanth", "Q6324136", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. Ullas Karanth", "ಕೆ. ಉಲ್ಲಾಸ ಕಾರಂತ", ""}, {"Nalin Kumar Kateel", "Q6960896", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Nalin Kumar Kateel", "ನಳಿನ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ ಕಟೀಲ್", "ನಳಿನ್ ಕುಮಾರ್ ಕಟೀಲ್"}, {"Kavyashree Nayak Ajeru", "Q130323441", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kavyashree Nayak Ajeru", "ಕಾವ್ಯಶ್ರೀ ನಾಯಕ್ ಅಜೇರು", "ಕಾವ್ಯಶ್ರೀ ನಾಯಕ್ ಅಜೇರು"}, {"Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda", "Q115326009", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kedambadi Ramaiah Gowda", "", ""}, {"Krishnananda Saraswati", "Q2231016", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Krishnananda Saraswati", "ಕೃಷ್ಣಾನಂದ ಸರಸ್ವತಿ", ""}, {"Vaman Srinivas Kudva", "Q3632999", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Vaman Srinivas Kudva", "ವಾಮನ ಶ್ರೀನಿವಾಸ್ ಕುಡ್ವಾ", ""}, {"Sahana Kumari", "Q16221396", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Sahana Kumari", "ಸಹನಾ ಕುಮಾರಿ", ""}, {"Budhi Kunderan", "Q3536900", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Budhi Kunderan", "ಬುಧಿ ಕುಂದೆರನ್", ""}, {"Bolwar Mahammad Kunhi", "Q4940291", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Bolwar Mahammad Kunhi", "ಬೊಳುವಾರು ಮಹಮದ್ ಕುಂಞಿ", "ಬೊಳುವಾರು ಮಹಮ್ಮದ್ ಕುಂಞಿ"}, {"Kurunji Venkataramana Gowda", "Q15717472", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kurunji Venkataramana Gowda", "ಕುರುಂಜಿ ವೆಂಕಟ್ರಮಣ ಗೌಡ", ""}, {"Madan–Harini", "Q22278971", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Madan–Harini", "", ""}, {"Vijay Mallya", "Q173118", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Vijay Mallya", "ವಿಜಯ್ ಮಲ್ಯ", ""}, {"Mandeep Roy", "Q47482458", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Mandeep Roy", "ಮಂದೀಪ್ ರಾಯ್", ""}, {"V. Manohar", "Q7906129", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "V. Manohar", "ವಿ. ಮನೋಹರ್", ""}, {"J. B. Moraes", "Q6103943", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "J. B. Moraes", "", ""}, {"Lawrence Mukkuzhy", "Q1809229", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Lawrence Mukkuzhy", "", ""}, {"V. Nagaraja", "Q27063790", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "V. Nagaraja", "", ""}, {"Kullal Chickappu Naik", "Q6443100", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kullal Chickappu Naik", "", ""}, {"Nina Nayak", "Q16185495", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Nina Nayak", "ನೀನಾ ನಾಯಕ್", ""}, {"Puttur Narasimha Nayak", "Q7262500", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Puttur Narasimha Nayak", "ಪುತ್ತೂರು ನರಸಿಂಹ ನಾಯಕ್", "ಪುತ್ತೂರು ನರಸಿಂಹ ನಾಯಕ"}, {"Syed Abdul Nazeer", "Q28962585", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Syed Abdul Nazeer", "", ""}, {"Ahmed Noori", "Q4695958", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ahmed Noori", "", "ಅಬೂ ರೈಹಾನ್ ಅಹ್ಮದ್ ನೂರಿ"}, {"Naveen D. Padil", "Q20649321", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Naveen D. Padil", "ನವೀನ್ ಡಿ. ಪಡಿಲ್", "ನವೀನ್ ಡಿ ಪಡೀಲ್"}, {"T. A. Pai", "Q7668113", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "T. A. Pai", "", "ಟಿ ಎ ಪೈ"}, {"Bolanthur Krishna Prabhu", "Q4938937", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Bolanthur Krishna Prabhu", "", ""}, {"Badekkila Pradeep", "Q18356067", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Badekkila Pradeep", "ಬಡೆಕ್ಕಿಲ ಪ್ರದೀಪ್", ""}, {"Mallika Prasad", "Q16734700", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Mallika Prasad", "", ""}, {"Swami Purushottamananda", "Q7653223", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Swami Purushottamananda", "ಸ್ವಾಮಿ ಪುರುಷೋತ್ತಮಾನಂದ", ""}, {"K. E. Radhakrishna", "Q6323328", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. E. Radhakrishna", "", ""}, {"Muthappa Rai", "Q6943821", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Muthappa Rai", "", ""}, {"Ramanath Rai", "Q4834176", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ramanath Rai", "", "ರಮಾನಾಥ ರೈ"}, {"V. T. Rajshekar", "Q7906272", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "V. T. Rajshekar", "", ""}, {"Pandita Ramabai", "Q94889", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Pandita Ramabai", "ಪಂಡಿತಾ ರಮಾಬಾಯಿ", "ಪಂಡಿತ ರಮಾಬಾಯಿ"}, {"Vittal Ramamurthy", "Q7937272", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Vittal Ramamurthy", "ವಿಟ್ಟಲ್ ರಾಮಮೂರ್ತಿ", ""}, {"B. Shiva Rao", "Q4834213", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. Shiva Rao", "ಬಿ. ಶಿವ ರಾವ್", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ಶಿವ ರಾವ್"}, {"Kumble Sundara Rao", "Q81491512", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kumble Sundara Rao", "ಕುಂಬಳೆ ಸುಂದರ ರಾವ್", "ಕುಂಬಳೆ ಸುಂದರ ರಾವ್"}, {"M. V. Vasudeva Rao", "Q16239280", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "M. V. Vasudeva Rao", "ಎಮ್.ವಿ.ವಾಸುದೇವ ರಾವ್", ""}, {"Ratnakaravarni", "Q7295862", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Ratnakaravarni", "ರತ್ನಾಕರ ವರ್ಣಿ", "ರತ್ನಾಕರ ವರ್ಣಿ"}, {"B. N. Rau", "Q817096", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. N. Rau", "ಬಿ.ಎನ್.ರಾವ್", "ಬಿ. ಎನ್. ರಾವ್"}, {"Benegal Rama Rau", "Q3380621", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Benegal Rama Rau", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ರಾಮ ರಾವ್", "ಬೆನಗಲ್ ರಾಮ ರಾವ್"}, {"P. Raghavendra Rau", "Q15996340", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "P. Raghavendra Rau", "", "ಪಣಂಬೂರು ರಾಘವೇಂದ್ರ ರಾವ್"}, {"Wilfy Rebimbus", "Q8002044", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Wilfy Rebimbus", "ವಿಲ್ಫಿ ರೆಬಿಂಬಸ್", "ವಿಲ್ಫಿ ರೆಬಿಂಬಸ್"}, {"B. A. Saletore", "Q4833897", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. A. Saletore", "", "ಭಾಸ್ಕರ ಆನಂದ್ ಸಾಲೆತೊರೆ"}, {"Stanley Jedidiah Samartha", "Q7599704", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Stanley Jedidiah Samartha", "", ""}, {"Francis Serrao", "Q16064454", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Francis Serrao", "", ""}, {"Chamu Krishna Shastry", "Q3635839", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Chamu Krishna Shastry", "ಚ ಮೂ ಕೃಷ್ಣಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಿ", ""}, {"Basti Vaman Shenoy", "Q4868275", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Basti Vaman Shenoy", "", ""}, {"A. B. Shetty", "Q4647569", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "A. B. Shetty", "ಅತ್ತಾವರ ಬಾಲಕೃಷ್ಣ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", ""}, {"Anand Shetty", "Q14625305", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Anand Shetty", "", ""}, {"B. Nagaraja Shetty", "Q4834129", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. Nagaraja Shetty", "", ""}, {"B. Subbayya Shetty", "Q4834222", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. Subbayya Shetty", "", ""}, {"B. Vittaldas Shetty", "Q4834251", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "B. Vittaldas Shetty", "", ""}, {"K. Amarnath Shetty", "Q6323077", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. Amarnath Shetty", "ಕೆ. ಅಮರನಾಥ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", ""}, {"Kedambadi Jagannath Shetty", "Q6382518", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Kedambadi Jagannath Shetty", "", ""}, {"M. B. Shetty", "Q5447845", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "M. B. Shetty", "ಎಮ್. ಬಿ. ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಎಮ್. ಬಿ. ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"Pratheek Shetty", "Q138566621", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Pratheek Shetty", "", ""}, {"Shakunthala T. Shetty", "Q16885595", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Shakunthala T. Shetty", "", ""}, {"Suniel Shetty", "Q983043", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Suniel Shetty", "ಸುನೀಲ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ", "ಸುನೀಲ್ ಶೆಟ್ಟಿ"}, {"K. N. Tailor", "Q19663730", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "K. N. Tailor", "", "ಕೆ ಎನ್ ಟೈಲರ್"}, {"Tulu Gowda", "Q25110573", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Tulu Gowda", "ತುಳು ಗೌಡ", "ತುಳು ಗೌಡೆರ್"}, {"Vidyabhushana", "Q7377137", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "Vidyabhushana", "ವಿದ್ಯಾಭೂಷಣ", ""}, {"P. Subrahmanya Yadapadithaya", "Q124845124", "People (Dakshina Kannada)", "P. Subrahmanya Yadapadithaya", "ಪಿ. ಸುಬ್ರಹ್ಮಣ್ಯ ಯಡಪಡಿತ್ತಾಯ", ""} } -- <-- This closing brace was missing -- Function to get sitelink for a given QID and wiki (with caching) local sitelinkCache = {} local function getSitelink(qid, wiki) if not qid or not wiki then return nil end local cacheKey = qid .. '_' .. wiki if sitelinkCache[cacheKey] ~= nil then return sitelinkCache[cacheKey] end -- Try to get the entity from Wikidata local success, entity = pcall(mw.wikibase.getEntityObject, qid) if not success or not entity then sitelinkCache[cacheKey] = nil return nil end local sitelink = entity:getSitelink(wiki) sitelinkCache[cacheKey] = sitelink return sitelink end -- Function to create the language navigation bar local function createLanguagePicker() local picker = {'<div style="margin: 1em 0; padding: 0.5em; background: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px;">'} picker[#picker + 1] = '<strong>Languages:</strong> ' local links = {} for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local anchor = 'kcm-col-' .. lang.code links[#links + 1] = '[[#' .. anchor .. '|' .. lang.name .. ']]' end picker[#picker + 1] = table.concat(links, ' | ') picker[#picker + 1] = '</div>' return table.concat(picker) end -- Function to create the table header local function createTableHeader() local header = { '{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%;"', '|+ Mangalore Topics - Article Availability', '! №', '! style="width: 25%;" | Content name', '! style="width: 15%;" | Category', } -- Add language columns with IDs for anchoring for _, lang in ipairs(languages) do local id = ' id="kcm-col-' .. lang.code .. '"' local title = ' title="' .. lang.name .. ' Wikipedia"' header[#header + 1] = '!' .. id .. title .. ' | ' .. lang.name end header[#header + 1] = '! Wikidata' return table.concat(header, '\n') end -- Function to create a table row for a topic with sitelinks local function createTopicRow(index, topic) local title = topic[1] local qid = topic[2] local category = topic[3] or 'General' local enSitelink = topic[4] or '' local knSitelink = topic[5] or '' local tcySitelink = topic[6] or '' -- Build the row local row = { '\n|-', '| ' .. index, '| ' .. title, '| ' .. category, } -- Display sitelinks for each language -- English if enSitelink and enSitelink ~= '' then row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #d4f4d4; text-align: center;" | [[:en:' .. enSitelink .. '|' .. enSitelink .. ']]' else row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end -- Kannada if knSitelink and knSitelink ~= '' then row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #d4f4d4; text-align: center;" | [[:kn:' .. knSitelink .. '|' .. knSitelink .. ']]' else row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end -- Tulu if tcySitelink and tcySitelink ~= '' then row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #d4f4d4; text-align: center;" | [[:tcy:' .. tcySitelink .. '|' .. tcySitelink .. ']]' else row[#row + 1] = '| style="background: #ffe0e0; text-align: center;" | −' end row[#row + 1] = '| [[d:' .. qid .. '|' .. qid .. ']]' return table.concat(row, '\n') end -- Function to create the table footer with statistics local function createTableFooter() local totalTopics = #topics if totalTopics == 0 then return '\n|-\n| colspan="7" style="text-align: center;" | No topics available' end -- Calculate column statistics local colStats = {} for i = 1, #languages do colStats[i] = {exists = 0, missing = 0} end for _, topic in ipairs(topics) do -- Check English if topic[4] and topic[4] ~= '' then colStats[1].exists = colStats[1].exists + 1 else colStats[1].missing = colStats[1].missing + 1 end -- Check Kannada if topic[5] and topic[5] ~= '' then colStats[2].exists = colStats[2].exists + 1 else colStats[2].missing = colStats[2].missing + 1 end -- Check Tulu if topic[6] and topic[6] ~= '' then colStats[3].exists = colStats[3].exists + 1 else colStats[3].missing = colStats[3].missing + 1 end end -- Create footer row local footer = { '\n|- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f0f0f0;"', '| colspan="3" | Total articles', } for i = 1, #languages do footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. colStats[i].exists .. ' / ' .. totalTopics end footer[#footer + 1] = '|' return table.concat(footer, '\n') end -- Function to create a row with category totals local function createCategoryFooter() -- Group topics by category local categories = {} for _, topic in ipairs(topics) do local cat = topic[3] or 'General' if not categories[cat] then categories[cat] = {} end table.insert(categories[cat], topic) end local footer = {} for catName, catTopics in pairs(categories) do local total = #catTopics local colStats = {} for i = 1, #languages do colStats[i] = 0 end for _, topic in ipairs(catTopics) do if topic[4] and topic[4] ~= '' then colStats[1] = colStats[1] + 1 end if topic[5] and topic[5] ~= '' then colStats[2] = colStats[2] + 1 end if topic[6] and topic[6] ~= '' then colStats[3] = colStats[3] + 1 end end footer[#footer + 1] = '\n|- class="sortbottom" style="background: #f8f9fa; font-weight: bold;"' footer[#footer + 1] = '| colspan="3" | ' .. catName .. ' (total: ' .. total .. ')' for i = 1, #languages do footer[#footer + 1] = '| style="text-align: center;" | ' .. colStats[i] .. ' / ' .. total end footer[#footer + 1] = '|' end return table.concat(footer, '\n') end -- Main function to render the complete table function p.table(frame) local result = {} -- Add language picker result[#result + 1] = createLanguagePicker() -- Add data source info result[#result + 1] = [=[ <div style="margin-bottom: 1em; padding: 0.5em; background: #e8f4f8; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-radius: 4px; font-size: 90%;"> <strong>Data sources:</strong> <ul> <li>Articles from Mangalorean cuisine, Culture of Mangalore, and People from Mangalore categories</li> <li>Links can be fetched directly from Wikidata by placing a request to [[User_talk:A826]]</li> <li style="background: #d4f4d4; padding: 2px 4px;">Green = article exists in that language</li> <li style="background: #ffe0e0; padding: 2px 4px;">Red = article does not exist</li> </ul> </div> ]=] -- Start the table result[#result + 1] = createTableHeader() -- Add topic rows for index, topic in ipairs(topics) do result[#result + 1] = createTopicRow(index, topic) end -- Add category footers result[#result + 1] = createCategoryFooter() -- Add total footer result[#result + 1] = createTableFooter() -- Close the table result[#result + 1] = '\n|}' return table.concat(result, '\n') end return p qyg5nrq0snly4lia19b2c2epr0tbdve 2 28164 366807 2026-08-24T03:06:27Z A826 4610 ಹೊಸ ಪುಟ: {{#invoke:MangaloreTopicsTable|table}} 366807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:MangaloreTopicsTable|table}} 25kit5hqqh61jkslx3k5zlx2qgv0zlu 366810 366807 2026-08-24T03:15:27Z A826 4610 366810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:MangaloreTopicsTable|extractVillages}} n31g7yz3k9wfgk8tcr46t647hcms5wx 366815 366810 2026-08-24T03:24:11Z A826 4610 366815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:MangaloreTopicsTable|table}} 25kit5hqqh61jkslx3k5zlx2qgv0zlu 366831 366815 2026-08-24T05:56:36Z A826 4610 366831 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:MangaloreTopicsTable|table}} pehzz4x40fpodq5y5pk8ewx3guoy00b 0 28165 366811 2026-08-24T03:17:23Z Pragathi. BH 6361 "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1365735849|Historic Centre of Odesa]]" ಪುಟವನ್ನು ಅನುವಾದಿಸುವುದರಿಂದ ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಸಲಾಯಿತು 366811 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರ''' ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರ (Historic Centre of Odesa) ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ನ ಒಡೆಸಾ ನಗರಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ನಗರಕೇಂದ್ರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ತಾಣವಾದುಂಡು ..ನೆನ್ 2023ಟ್ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ಸಾಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಇತ್ತೆ, ಉಂದೆನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾ-ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ಅಪಾಯೊಡುಪ್ಪುನ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ತಾಣೊಲೆನ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಉಂಡು. <ref name="WHS-CNN">{{Cite web|date=25 January 2023|title=Three sites 'in danger' added to UNESCO World Heritage List|url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/unesco-world-heritage-sites-special-session/index.html|accessdate=26 March 2023|website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> == ಆಯ್ಕೆ == ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊ 2009 ಜನವರಿ 6ರ್ದ್ UNESCOದ ತಾತ್ಕಾಲಿಕ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ (Tentative List) ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-10-25|title=Historic Center of the Port City of Odesa - UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5412/|accessdate=2023-03-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025100348/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5412/|archivedate=2022-10-25}}</ref> ಉಂದೆಕ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರವಾಸೋದ್ಯಮ ಸಚಿವಾಲಯೊಡ್ದ್ ನಾಮ ಸಲ್ಲಿಸಾಯಿನವು, ಅಪ್ಪಗ ಐಕ್ ಮಾನದಂಡೊಲು i, ii, iii, iv ಬೊಕ್ಕ v ನ್ ಪಂದ್ ನಿಯೋಜಿಸಾಯಿನವು. ಜನವರಿ ೨೦೨೩ಡ್ ತುರ್ತು ಕಾರ್ಯವಿಧಾನೊದ ಅಡಿಟ್, ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೊ ಉಂದೆನ್ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಪಾಯೊಡುಪ್ಪುನ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ಸಾಯಿನವು ಮಾನದಂಡ ii ಬೊಕ್ಕ iv ದ ಅಡಿಟ್. <ref name="WHS-CNN" /> == ವಿವರ == ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊ ಸಮುದ್ರ ತೀರೊದ ಆಳ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಉಲಾಯಿದ ಪುಡೆತ ಭಾಗದ ಪ್ರದೇಶಡ್, ಡ್ನಿಸ್ಟರ್ ಸುದೆರ್ದ್ ಸುಮಾರು 30 ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ ಬಡಕಾಯಿಗ್ ಉಂಡು . 1787-1792 ರ ರಷ್ಯಾ-ಟರ್ಕಿಶ್ ಯುದ್ಧೊ ಮುಗಿನೆರ್ದ್‌ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕ್ಯಾಥರೀನ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ನ ಯುದ್ಧತಂತ್ರದ ನಿರ್ಧಾರೊಡು 1794 ಡ್ ಈ ನಗರೊನು ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಟರ್ಕಿಶ್ ಕೋಟೆದ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಪೊಸ ನಗರೊನು ಸುರುಕು ಒರಿ ಮಿಲಿಟರಿ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಯೋಜಿಸಯೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 19ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ನಗರೊನು ನನಲಾ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. 19ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ಒಡೆಸಾ ನಗರೊದ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿಗ್ ಐತ ಬಂದರುದ ಯಶಸ್ಸು, ಅಲ್ಪದ ಗವರ್ನರ್‌ನಕ್ಲೆನ ಅನುಕೂಲಕರ ನೀತಿಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1819ರ್ದ್ 1859ಮುಟ್ಟ ಮುಕ್ತ ಬಂದರು ನಗರ (Free Port City)ಪನ್ಪುನ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ ತಿಕ್ಕೆರೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಕಾರಣಗಳಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ವ್ಯಾಪಾರರ್ದಾದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಪ್ರದೇಶಲೆದ ಜನೊಕುಲು ಒಡೆಸಾಗ್ ಬತ್ತ್ ದ್ ಉಂತಿಯೆರ್ . ಇಂದೆರ್ದ್ ಬಹುಜನಾಂಗೀಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಹುಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲು ರೂಪುಗೊಂಡವು. ಇಂಚಾದ್ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಒಂಜಿ **ವಿಶ್ವನಾಗರಿಕ ನಗರ (Cosmopolitan City)**ವಾದ್ ಬುಲೆಂಡ್. ಅಯಿತ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿದ ವೇಗ, ಅಯಿಟ್ ಉತ್ಪತ್ತಿ ಆಯಿನ ಸಂಪೊತ್ತು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ ಬಹುಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿವಾದೊಲು ಅಯಿತ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರ ಭೂದೃಶ್ಯೊಡು ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಶೈಲಿಲೆನ ವೈವಿಧ್ಯತೆನ್ ಪ್ರಭಾವಿತ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಉಂದು ಉದ್ವೇಗೊಲೆನ್ ಲಾ ಉಂಟು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್, 1821ಡ್ದ್ ಸುರು ಆದ್, ಹಿಂಸಾತ್ಮಕ ಘಟನೆಲೆನ ಸರಣಿನ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಪಂಡ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಆಯತಾಕಾರದ ವಿಭಾಗ ಆದ್ ವಿಂಗಡಿಸಾಯಿನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಮರತ ಸಾಲುದ ರೋಡುಲು ಒಂಜಿ ಗ್ರಿಡ್ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ, ಅಯಿತ ದಿಕ್ಕ್ ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಲಂಬವಾದ್ ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಎತ್ತರದ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿನ್ ಕಟ್ಟ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಆಳೊದ ಕಂದರೊಲೆನ ದಿಕ್ಕುಗು ಅನುಗುಣವಾದುಂಡು. ಈ ನಗರೊಡು ತುಲನಾತ್ಮಕವಾದ್ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಎತ್ತರದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಸುರುತ ವರ್ಷೊಡು ಇಟಲಿಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತಿನ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಲೆನ ಮೂಲಕ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಗೊಳಿಸಾಯಿನ, ಅಯಿತ ರಂಗಮಂದಿರೊಲು, ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲು, ಶಾಲೆಲು, ಖಾಸಗಿ ಅರಮನೆಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಟೆನೆಮೆಂಟ್ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಲು, ಕ್ಲಬ್ ಲು, ಹೋಟೆಲ್ ಲು, ಬ್ಯಾಂಕುಲು, ಶಾಪಿಂಗ್ ಸೆಂಟರ್ ಲು, ಗೋದಾಮುಲು, ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಎಕ್ಸ್ ಚೇಂಜ್ ಲು, ಟರ್ಮಿನಲ್ ಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಡಳಿತ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲು ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ವೈವಿಧ್ಯತೆನ್ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸವುಂಡು. ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿದ ಕೊಡಿಟ್ ವ್ಯಾಪಿಸಾಯಿನ ಪ್ರೈಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್, ಕರಾವಳಿಗ್ ಬರ್ಪಿನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಒಪೆರಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬ್ಯಾಲೆ ಥಿಯೇಟರ್ ದ ಗುಂಪು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ಯಾಲೈಸ್-ರಾಯಲ್ ನಗರೊದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಗುರುತುಲು. ಒಡೆಸಾಡ್ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸಾಯಿನ ನಗರ ಯೋಜನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಗುಣಮಟ್ಟೊನು ದುಂಬುದ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಸ್ಟ್ರೋ-ಹಂಗೇರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯೊಲೆನ ಬೇತೆ ನಗರೊಲೆಡ್ಲಾ ತೂವೊಲಿ, ಒಡೆಸಾ 19ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ಅಯಿತ ತ್ವರಿತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮೃದ್ಧ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ ಬೇತೆ ಮಸ್ತ್ ನಗರೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವೈವಿಧ್ಯಮಯವಾದ್ ಪ್ರತಿಬಿಂಬಿಸವುನ ಅಯಿತ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಫ್ಯಾಬ್ರಿಕ್ ದ ಮಲ್ಲ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆನ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ಂಡ್. ಅಂಚ, ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಅಯಿತ ನಗರ ಯೋಜನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಮೂಲಕ ಅನೇಕ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಲು, ಮೌಲ್ಯೊಲು, ಆಚರಣೆಲು, ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ರಚನೆಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಧರ್ಮೊಲೆನ ಪ್ರತಿಬಿಂಬವಾದ್, 19ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ನಗರೊಲೆನ ಬಹುಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಹು-ಜನಾಂಗೀಯ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆಗ್ ಸಾಕ್ಷಿಯಾದ್ ನಿಲೆಯಾತ್ಂಡ್ ಪಂದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸವೊಲಿ. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|title=The Historic Centre of Odesa|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1703/|accessdate=2023-03-17|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en}}</ref> == ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣದ ಸಮಯೊಡು ಹಾನಿ == ಜುಲೈ ೨೩, ೨೦೨೩ಡ್ ರಷ್ಯಾ ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ರಾತ್ರೆದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಕ್ಷಿಪಣಿ ದಾಳಿನ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್,ಉಂದು ನಗರೊದ ಮಲ್ಲ **ಆರ್ಥಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಾಯಿನ Transfiguration Cathedral (ರೂಪಾಂತರ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್)**ಗೆ ಗಂಭೀರ ಹಾನಿ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. UNESCO ಲಾ ಈ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಕ್ಷಿಪಣಿ ದಾಳಿರ್ದ್ ತೀವ್ರವಾದ್ ಹಾನಿ ಆಂಡ್ ಪಂದ್ ದಾಖಲಾತ್ಂಡ್. <ref>{{Cite web|date=23 July 2023|title=Russian missile attack on Odesa kills one, damages cathedral|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/23/russian-missile-attack-on-odesa-kills-one-damages-cathedral|accessdate=23 July 2023|website=[[Al Jazeera English|Aljazeera]]}}</ref> ರಷ್ಯಾ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನ್ ಗುರಿ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆನ್ ನಿರಾಕರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref>{{Cite web|date=23 July 2023|title=Moscow claims attack that hit Odesa cathedral targeted sites where Ukraine was making 'unmanned boats' to be used against Russia|url=https://kyivindependent.com/russian-defense-ministry-claims-attack-on-odesa-targeted-sites-where-terrorist-acts-against-russia-prepared/|accessdate=23 July 2023|website=[[The Kyiv Independent]]}}</ref> ಒಟ್ಟುಗು, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊಡು 25 ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊಲು ಹಾನಿಯಾತ್ಂಡ್ ಪಂದ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-23|title=В Одессе после российского обстрела повреждены 25 памятников архитектуры|url=https://meduza.io/news/2023/07/23/v-odesse-posle-rossiyskogo-obstrela-povrezhdeny-25-pamyatnikov-arhitektury|publisher=Meduza|language=ru}}</ref> ನವೆಂಬರ್ ೫, ೨೦೨೩ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಕ್ಷಿಪಣಿ ದಾಳಿ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಫೈನ್ ಆರ್ಟ್ಸ್ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೆಲವು ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಲೆಗ್ ಹಾನಿ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://meduza.io/news/2023/11/06/rossiyskie-voyska-atakovali-odesskuyu-oblast-raketami-i-bespilotnikami-postradali-pyat-chelovek|title=Российские войска атаковали Одесскую область ракетами и беспилотниками. Пострадали восемь человек|date=2023-11-06|publisher=Meduza|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20231106195033/https://meduza.io/news/2023/11/06/rossiyskie-voyska-atakovali-odesskuyu-oblast-raketami-i-bespilotnikami-postradali-pyat-chelovek|archivedate=2023-11-06}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/06/world/europe/ukraine-russia-odesa-museum.html|title=Five Wounded as Russian Missiles Strike Odesa, Damaging an Art Museum|date=2023-11-06|publisher=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-11-06|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231106-russia-strikes-odesa-damaging-museum-injuring-8|title=Russia strikes Odesa, damaging museum, injuring 8|website=France 24|archivedate=6 November 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106152618/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231106-russia-strikes-odesa-damaging-museum-injuring-8}}</ref><gallery mode="packed" widths="200" heights="180"> ಫೈಲ್:Russov_House_in_Odessa-ua.jpg|alt=The Russov House| ರುಸ್ಸೊವ್ ಹೌಸ್ ಫೈಲ್:Будинок_з_однією_стіною_(Відьмин_будинок).jpg|alt=The Wall House| ಗೋಡೆದ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Operniy-1.jpg|alt=The Opera House| ಒಪೆರಾ ಹೌಸ್ ಫೈಲ್:Sofievskaya-5a23.jpg|alt=Potocki Palace| ಪೊಟೊಕಿ ಅರಮನೆ ಫೈಲ್:Потьомкінські_сходи_11.jpg|alt=Potemkin stairs| ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಫೈಲ್:Одеса_Пасаж_та_готель_«Пасаж»_Преображенської,_34_07-_2018.jpg|alt=Hotel Passage| ಹೋಟೆಲ್ ''ಪಾಸೇಜ್'' ಫೈಲ್:Одеса_Шахський_палац_2.jpg|alt=Bzhozovsky Palace| ಬ್ಜೊಜೊವ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಅರಮನೆ ಫೈಲ್:Bunina-15-245.jpg|alt=The Philharmonic, a former stock exchange| ''ಫಿಲ್ಹಾರ್ಮೋನಿಕ್'', ಒಂಜಿ ದುಂಬುದ ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಎಕ್ಸ್ ಚೇಂಜ್ ಫೈಲ್:Спасо-Преображенський_собор,_Одеса_DSC8126.jpg|alt=The Transfiguration Cathedral, the largest orthodox cathedral in Odesa| ಟ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ಫಿಗರೇಶನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್, ಒಡೆಸಾಡ್ ಅತಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Готель_Брістоль_Одеса_пушкінська.jpg|alt=Bristol Hotel| ಬ್ರಿಸ್ಟಲ್ ಹೋಟೆಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Одеський_археологічний_музей_01.jpg|alt=Archaeological Museum| ಪುರಾತತ್ತ್ವ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯ ಫೈಲ್:Восени_у_міському_саду,_Одеса.jpg|alt=City garden| ಊರುದ ಉದ್ಯಾನ </gallery> == ಬೇತೆ == <gallery mode="nolines" widths="150" heights="150"> ಫೈಲ್:ХІІ_Національна_філателістична_виставка_«Укрфілексп-2011»._Одеса.jpg|alt=A Ukrainian stamp featuring one of the square's monuments| ಚೌಕೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊನು ತೋಜಾವುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಚೀಟಿ ಫೈಲ್:Coin_of_Ukraine_OdTOB_r.jpg|alt=A coin commemorating the 120th anniversary of the Odesa Opera| ಒಡೆಸಾ ಒಪೆರಾದ 120ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊನು ನೆಂಪು ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ನಾಣ್ಯ </gallery> == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == <references /> n7afghpg8y0o24yfy74ctq8xk4q98eo 366812 366811 2026-08-24T03:19:52Z Pragathi. BH 6361 366812 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರ''' ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರ (Historic Centre of Odesa) ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ನ ಒಡೆಸಾ ನಗರಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ನಗರಕೇಂದ್ರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ [[ವಿಶ್ವ ಯೋಗ ದಿನ|ವಿಶ್ವ]] ಪರಂಪರೆದ ತಾಣವಾದುಂಡು ..ನೆನ್ 2023ಟ್ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ಸಾಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಇತ್ತೆ, ಉಂದೆನ್ ರಷ್ಯಾ-ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡ್ದ್ ಅಪಾಯೊಡುಪ್ಪುನ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ತಾಣೊಲೆನ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಉಂಡು. <ref name="WHS-CNN">{{Cite web|date=25 January 2023|title=Three sites 'in danger' added to UNESCO World Heritage List|url=https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/unesco-world-heritage-sites-special-session/index.html|accessdate=26 March 2023|website=[[CNN]]}}</ref> == ಆಯ್ಕೆ == ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊ 2009 ಜನವರಿ 6ರ್ದ್ UNESCOದ ತಾತ್ಕಾಲಿಕ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ (Tentative List) ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-10-25|title=Historic Center of the Port City of Odesa - UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5412/|accessdate=2023-03-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025100348/https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5412/|archivedate=2022-10-25}}</ref> ಉಂದೆಕ್ [[ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಪಾಕಪದ್ಧತಿ|ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್]] ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ರವಾಸೋದ್ಯಮ ಸಚಿವಾಲಯೊಡ್ದ್ ನಾಮ ಸಲ್ಲಿಸಾಯಿನವು, ಅಪ್ಪಗ ಐಕ್ ಮಾನದಂಡೊಲು i, ii, iii, iv ಬೊಕ್ಕ v ನ್ ಪಂದ್ ನಿಯೋಜಿಸಾಯಿನವು. ಜನವರಿ ೨೦೨೩ಡ್ ತುರ್ತು ಕಾರ್ಯವಿಧಾನೊದ ಅಡಿಟ್, ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೊ ಉಂದೆನ್ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಪಾಯೊಡುಪ್ಪುನ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ಸಾಯಿನವು ಮಾನದಂಡ ii ಬೊಕ್ಕ iv ದ ಅಡಿಟ್. <ref name="WHS-CNN" /> == ವಿವರ == ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊ ಸಮುದ್ರ ತೀರೊದ ಆಳ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಉಲಾಯಿದ ಪುಡೆತ ಭಾಗದ ಪ್ರದೇಶಡ್, ಡ್ನಿಸ್ಟರ್ ಸುದೆರ್ದ್ ಸುಮಾರು 30 ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ ಬಡಕಾಯಿಗ್ ಉಂಡು . 1787-1792 ರ ರಷ್ಯಾ-ಟರ್ಕಿಶ್ ಯುದ್ಧೊ ಮುಗಿನೆರ್ದ್‌ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕ್ಯಾಥರೀನ್ ದಿ ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ನ ಯುದ್ಧತಂತ್ರದ ನಿರ್ಧಾರೊಡು 1794 ಡ್ ಈ ನಗರೊನು ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಟರ್ಕಿಶ್ ಕೋಟೆದ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಪೊಸ ನಗರೊನು ಸುರುಕು ಒರಿ ಮಿಲಿಟರಿ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಯೋಜಿಸಯೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 19ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ನಗರೊನು ನನಲಾ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. 19ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ಒಡೆಸಾ ನಗರೊದ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿಗ್ ಐತ [[ಬಂದಾರು|ಬಂದರು]]ದ ಯಶಸ್ಸು, ಅಲ್ಪದ ಗವರ್ನರ್‌ನಕ್ಲೆನ ಅನುಕೂಲಕರ ನೀತಿಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1819ರ್ದ್ 1859ಮುಟ್ಟ ಮುಕ್ತ ಬಂದರು ನಗರ (Free Port City)ಪನ್ಪುನ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನ ತಿಕ್ಕೆರೆ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಕಾರಣಗಳಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ವ್ಯಾಪಾರರ್ದಾದ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಪ್ರದೇಶಲೆದ ಜನೊಕುಲು ಒಡೆಸಾಗ್ ಬತ್ತ್ ದ್ ಉಂತಿಯೆರ್ . ಇಂದೆರ್ದ್ ಬಹುಜನಾಂಗೀಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಹುಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲು ರೂಪುಗೊಂಡವು. ಇಂಚಾದ್ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಒಂಜಿ **ವಿಶ್ವನಾಗರಿಕ ನಗರ (Cosmopolitan City)**ವಾದ್ ಬುಲೆಂಡ್. ಅಯಿತ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿದ ವೇಗ, ಅಯಿಟ್ ಉತ್ಪತ್ತಿ ಆಯಿನ ಸಂಪೊತ್ತು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ ಬಹುಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿವಾದೊಲು ಅಯಿತ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಗರ ಭೂದೃಶ್ಯೊಡು ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಶೈಲಿಲೆನ ವೈವಿಧ್ಯತೆನ್ ಪ್ರಭಾವಿತ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಉಂದು ಉದ್ವೇಗೊಲೆನ್ ಲಾ ಉಂಟು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್, 1821ಡ್ದ್ ಸುರು ಆದ್, ಹಿಂಸಾತ್ಮಕ ಘಟನೆಲೆನ ಸರಣಿನ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಪಂಡ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಆಯತಾಕಾರದ ವಿಭಾಗ ಆದ್ ವಿಂಗಡಿಸಾಯಿನ ಅಗಲವಾದ್ ಮರತ ಸಾಲುದ ರೋಡುಲು ಒಂಜಿ ಗ್ರಿಡ್ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ, ಅಯಿತ ದಿಕ್ಕ್ ಸಮುದ್ರೊಗು ಲಂಬವಾದ್ ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಎತ್ತರದ ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿನ್ ಕಟ್ಟ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಆಳೊದ ಕಂದರೊಲೆನ ದಿಕ್ಕುಗು ಅನುಗುಣವಾದುಂಡು. ಈ ನಗರೊಡು ತುಲನಾತ್ಮಕವಾದ್ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಎತ್ತರದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲು ಉಂಡು. ಸುರುತ ವರ್ಷೊಡು ಇಟಲಿಡ್ದ್ ಬತ್ತಿನ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋಯಿನ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಎಂಜಿನಿಯರ್ ಲೆನ ಮೂಲಕ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಗೊಳಿಸಾಯಿನ, ಅಯಿತ ರಂಗಮಂದಿರೊಲು, ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲು, ಶಾಲೆಲು, ಖಾಸಗಿ ಅರಮನೆಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಟೆನೆಮೆಂಟ್ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಲು, ಕ್ಲಬ್ ಲು, ಹೋಟೆಲ್ ಲು, ಬ್ಯಾಂಕುಲು, ಶಾಪಿಂಗ್ ಸೆಂಟರ್ ಲು, ಗೋದಾಮುಲು, ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಎಕ್ಸ್ ಚೇಂಜ್ ಲು, ಟರ್ಮಿನಲ್ ಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಸಾರ್ವಜನಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಡಳಿತ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲು ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಶೈಲಿಡ್ ವೈವಿಧ್ಯತೆನ್ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸವುಂಡು. ಪ್ರಸ್ಥಭೂಮಿದ ಕೊಡಿಟ್ ವ್ಯಾಪಿಸಾಯಿನ ಪ್ರೈಮೊರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಬೌಲೆವರ್ಡ್, ಕರಾವಳಿಗ್ ಬರ್ಪಿನ ಪ್ರೈಮೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಟ್ಟುಲುಲು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಒಪೆರಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬ್ಯಾಲೆ ಥಿಯೇಟರ್ ದ ಗುಂಪು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪ್ಯಾಲೈಸ್-ರಾಯಲ್ ನಗರೊದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಗುರುತುಲು. ಒಡೆಸಾಡ್ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಸಾಯಿನ ನಗರ ಯೋಜನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಗುಣಮಟ್ಟೊನು ದುಂಬುದ ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಸ್ಟ್ರೋ-ಹಂಗೇರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯೊಲೆನ ಬೇತೆ ನಗರೊಲೆಡ್ಲಾ ತೂವೊಲಿ, ಒಡೆಸಾ 19ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ಅಯಿತ ತ್ವರಿತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮೃದ್ಧ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ ಬೇತೆ ಮಸ್ತ್ ನಗರೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವೈವಿಧ್ಯಮಯವಾದ್ ಪ್ರತಿಬಿಂಬಿಸವುನ ಅಯಿತ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಫ್ಯಾಬ್ರಿಕ್ ದ ಮಲ್ಲ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆನ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ಂಡ್. ಅಂಚ, ಒಡೆಸಾ, ಅಯಿತ ನಗರ ಯೋಜನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಮೂಲಕ ಅನೇಕ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಲು, ಮೌಲ್ಯೊಲು, ಆಚರಣೆಲು, ಸಾಮಾಜಿಕ ರಚನೆಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಧರ್ಮೊಲೆನ ಪ್ರತಿಬಿಂಬವಾದ್, 19ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಪೂರ್ವ ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ನಗರೊಲೆನ ಬಹುಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಹು-ಜನಾಂಗೀಯ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆಗ್ ಸಾಕ್ಷಿಯಾದ್ ನಿಲೆಯಾತ್ಂಡ್ ಪಂದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸವೊಲಿ. <ref>{{Cite web|last=Centre|first=UNESCO World Heritage|title=The Historic Centre of Odesa|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1703/|accessdate=2023-03-17|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|language=en}}</ref> == ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣದ ಸಮಯೊಡು ಹಾನಿ == ಜುಲೈ ೨೩, ೨೦೨೩ಡ್ ರಷ್ಯಾ ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ರಾತ್ರೆದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಕ್ಷಿಪಣಿ ದಾಳಿನ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್,ಉಂದು ನಗರೊದ ಮಲ್ಲ **ಆರ್ಥಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಾಯಿನ Transfiguration Cathedral (ರೂಪಾಂತರ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್)**ಗೆ ಗಂಭೀರ ಹಾನಿ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. UNESCO ಲಾ ಈ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಕ್ಷಿಪಣಿ ದಾಳಿರ್ದ್ ತೀವ್ರವಾದ್ ಹಾನಿ ಆಂಡ್ ಪಂದ್ ದಾಖಲಾತ್ಂಡ್. <ref>{{Cite web|date=23 July 2023|title=Russian missile attack on Odesa kills one, damages cathedral|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/7/23/russian-missile-attack-on-odesa-kills-one-damages-cathedral|accessdate=23 July 2023|website=[[Al Jazeera English|Aljazeera]]}}</ref> ರಷ್ಯಾ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನ್ ಗುರಿ ಮಲ್ಪುನೆನ್ ನಿರಾಕರಣೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref>{{Cite web|date=23 July 2023|title=Moscow claims attack that hit Odesa cathedral targeted sites where Ukraine was making 'unmanned boats' to be used against Russia|url=https://kyivindependent.com/russian-defense-ministry-claims-attack-on-odesa-targeted-sites-where-terrorist-acts-against-russia-prepared/|accessdate=23 July 2023|website=[[The Kyiv Independent]]}}</ref> ಒಟ್ಟುಗು, ಒಡೆಸಾದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊಡು 25 ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊಲು ಹಾನಿಯಾತ್ಂಡ್ ಪಂದ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಪನ್ಪೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-07-23|title=В Одессе после российского обстрела повреждены 25 памятников архитектуры|url=https://meduza.io/news/2023/07/23/v-odesse-posle-rossiyskogo-obstrela-povrezhdeny-25-pamyatnikov-arhitektury|publisher=Meduza|language=ru}}</ref> ನವೆಂಬರ್ ೫, ೨೦೨೩ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ [[ರಷ್ಯಾ]]ದ ಕ್ಷಿಪಣಿ ದಾಳಿ ಒಡೆಸಾ ಫೈನ್ ಆರ್ಟ್ಸ್ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೆಲವು ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಲೆಗ್ ಹಾನಿ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://meduza.io/news/2023/11/06/rossiyskie-voyska-atakovali-odesskuyu-oblast-raketami-i-bespilotnikami-postradali-pyat-chelovek|title=Российские войска атаковали Одесскую область ракетами и беспилотниками. Пострадали восемь человек|date=2023-11-06|publisher=Meduza|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20231106195033/https://meduza.io/news/2023/11/06/rossiyskie-voyska-atakovali-odesskuyu-oblast-raketami-i-bespilotnikami-postradali-pyat-chelovek|archivedate=2023-11-06}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/06/world/europe/ukraine-russia-odesa-museum.html|title=Five Wounded as Russian Missiles Strike Odesa, Damaging an Art Museum|date=2023-11-06|publisher=The New York Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-11-06|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231106-russia-strikes-odesa-damaging-museum-injuring-8|title=Russia strikes Odesa, damaging museum, injuring 8|website=France 24|archivedate=6 November 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106152618/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231106-russia-strikes-odesa-damaging-museum-injuring-8}}</ref><gallery mode="packed" widths="200" heights="180"> ಫೈಲ್:Russov_House_in_Odessa-ua.jpg|alt=The Russov House| ರುಸ್ಸೊವ್ ಹೌಸ್ ಫೈಲ್:Будинок_з_однією_стіною_(Відьмин_будинок).jpg|alt=The Wall House| ಗೋಡೆದ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Operniy-1.jpg|alt=The Opera House| ಒಪೆರಾ ಹೌಸ್ ಫೈಲ್:Sofievskaya-5a23.jpg|alt=Potocki Palace| ಪೊಟೊಕಿ ಅರಮನೆ ಫೈಲ್:Потьомкінські_сходи_11.jpg|alt=Potemkin stairs| ಪೊಟೆಮ್ಕಿನ್ ಮೆಟ್ಟಿಲುಲು ಫೈಲ್:Одеса_Пасаж_та_готель_«Пасаж»_Преображенської,_34_07-_2018.jpg|alt=Hotel Passage| ಹೋಟೆಲ್ ''ಪಾಸೇಜ್'' ಫೈಲ್:Одеса_Шахський_палац_2.jpg|alt=Bzhozovsky Palace| ಬ್ಜೊಜೊವ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಅರಮನೆ ಫೈಲ್:Bunina-15-245.jpg|alt=The Philharmonic, a former stock exchange| ''ಫಿಲ್ಹಾರ್ಮೋನಿಕ್'', ಒಂಜಿ ದುಂಬುದ ಸ್ಟಾಕ್ ಎಕ್ಸ್ ಚೇಂಜ್ ಫೈಲ್:Спасо-Преображенський_собор,_Одеса_DSC8126.jpg|alt=The Transfiguration Cathedral, the largest orthodox cathedral in Odesa| ಟ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ಫಿಗರೇಶನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್, ಒಡೆಸಾಡ್ ಅತಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Готель_Брістоль_Одеса_пушкінська.jpg|alt=Bristol Hotel| ಬ್ರಿಸ್ಟಲ್ ಹೋಟೆಲ್ ಫೈಲ್:Одеський_археологічний_музей_01.jpg|alt=Archaeological Museum| ಪುರಾತತ್ತ್ವ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ವಸ್ತುಸಂಗ್ರಹಾಲಯ ಫೈಲ್:Восени_у_міському_саду,_Одеса.jpg|alt=City garden| ಊರುದ ಉದ್ಯಾನ </gallery> == ಬೇತೆ == <gallery mode="nolines" widths="150" heights="150"> ಫೈಲ್:ХІІ_Національна_філателістична_виставка_«Укрфілексп-2011»._Одеса.jpg|alt=A Ukrainian stamp featuring one of the square's monuments| ಚೌಕೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ಮಾರಕೊನು ತೋಜಾವುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಚೀಟಿ ಫೈಲ್:Coin_of_Ukraine_OdTOB_r.jpg|alt=A coin commemorating the 120th anniversary of the Odesa Opera| ಒಡೆಸಾ ಒಪೆರಾದ 120ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊನು ನೆಂಪು ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ನಾಣ್ಯ </gallery> == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == <references /> dip2z5cvc5lsi4fctve3tqis5via596 0 28166 366826 2026-08-24T05:20:00Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 ಹೊಸ ಪುಟ: {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ್ ಲಿವಿವ್‌ಡ್ ಉಳ್ಳ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ದೇವಾಲಯ}} {{Infobox church | name = ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್‌ದ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ | infobox_width = | image = Sobor Sv Yura Lviv.JPG | image_size = 280 | caption = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ್ ಲಿವಿವ್ಡ್ ಉಳ್ಳ... 366826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ್ ಲಿವಿವ್‌ಡ್ ಉಳ್ಳ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ದೇವಾಲಯ}} {{Infobox church | name = ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್‌ದ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ | infobox_width = | image = Sobor Sv Yura Lviv.JPG | image_size = 280 | caption = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ್ ಲಿವಿವ್ಡ್ ಉಳ್ಳ ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್‌ದ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್. | map_type = | map_size = | pushpin_caption = | location = | geo = | latitude = | longitude = | denomination = ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ | sui_iuris_church = ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ | churchmanship = | province = ಲಿವಿವ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಚೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ | district = | consecrated = | status = ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ | functional_status = | heritage_designation = | leadership = | website = | architect = ಬೆರ್ನಾರ್ಡ್ ಮೆರೆಟಿನ್ | architectural_type = | style = ಬರೋಕ್-ರೊಕೊಕೊ | facade_direction = | groundbreaking = 1744 | completed = 1760 | construction_cost = | specifications = | capacity = | length = | width = | width_nave = | height_max = | dome_quantity = | dome_height_outer = | dome_height_inner = | dome_dia_outer = | dome_dia_inner = | minaret_quantity = | minaret_height = | spire_quantity = | spire_height = | materials = | nrhp = | added = | designated = | archbishop = ಇಹೋರ್ ವೊಜ್ನ್ಯಾಕ್ }} '''ಸಂತ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್''' ''ಸೊಬೊರ್ ಸ್ವಿಯಾಟೊಹೊ ಯುರಾ'' ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನಗರೊಡು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಬರೊಕ್-ರೊಕೊಕೊ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್. ನಗರೊನು ತೂಯೆರೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡ್ ಉಂದು ೧೭೪೪-೧೭೬೦ದ ನಡುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆತುಂಡು. <ref name=lvivbest>St. George Cathedral. [http://www.lvivbest.com/en/churches/george-cathedral Lviv Best Portal] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412173630/http://www.lvivbest.com/en/churches/george-cathedral |date=2009-04-12 }} 29 January 2006.</ref> ಉಂದು 13ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ವಾಸ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಚರ್ಚ್ದ ಮೂಜಿನೆ ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ ಪ್ರಾಮುಖ್ಯತೆ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿತವಾದ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣಕಾರೆರೆಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಂಡಲ್ ಲೆಗ್ ಗುರಿ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಧರ್ಮದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ‍್ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಪದೊಕುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಧಾನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಪಡೆಯೊಂದುಂಡು. ೧೯ನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೦ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆದ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ದುಂಡು.<ref name=nykolyshyn>Nykolyshyn, Yuriy. (2006) ''Lviv''. Apriori Press. Lviv, Ukraine. pg. 63, 67. {{ISBN|966-8256-09-3}}</ref> ==ಇತಿಹಾಸ== ಸುಮಾರ್ ೧೨೮೦ಡ್ದ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಗುಡ್ಡೆಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶ ಇತ್ತೆಲಾ ಹಾಲಿಚ್-ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯಾ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸಿಪಾಲಿಟಿದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕಾಲೊಗು ಪಿರ ಬರ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮೂಲ ಮರತ್ತ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿಟ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ಕೋಟೆನ್ 1340ಡ್ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ದ ರಾಜೆ ಕ್ಯಾಸಿಮಿರ್ III ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ, ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಗ್ ನಾಲ್ ಸ್ತಂಭೊಲೆನ ಬೈಜಾಂಟೈನ್ ಬೆಸಿಲಿಕಾನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೬೪೨ಡ್ ಪೂರ್ವ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆರ್ಸೆನಿ ಝೆಲಿಬೋರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುದ್ರಣ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಗಾರೊನು ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Боротьба за книговидання в ранньомодерній Україні: конкуренція, прибутки, читачі, заборони|date=2026-01-26|url=https://tyzhden.ua/borotba-za-knyhovydannia-v-rannomodernij-ukraini-konkurentsiia-prybutky-chytachi-zaborony/|access-date=2026-01-27}}</ref> ಜುಲೈ ೧೭೦೦ಡ್, ಪವಿತ್ರ ಸೀ (ರೋಮ್ ದ ಬಿಷಪ್ – ಪೋಪ್ ನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಎಪಾರ್ಚಿ ದ ಏಕೀಕರಣದ ಕಾಯ್ದೆನ್ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಸೀ (ರೋಮ್ ದ ಬಿಷಪ್ – ಪೋಪ್) ಸೇಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ನ ಈ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಆವೃತ್ತಿಡ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಪೋಪ್ ಜೋಸ್ಕಿ/ ಶುಮ್ಲಾನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮುಕ್ತವಾದ್ ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ (೧೫೯೬) ನ್ ಸೇರಾವೋಂಡೆರ್.<ref>Catholic Encyclopedia. [https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09144a.htm Lemberg: Uniat Ruthenian Archbishopric]. 29 January 2007</ref> [[File:Sobor-sviatoho-yura-03.JPG|right|200px]] ಇತ್ತೆದ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊನು 1746ಡ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಬಿಷಪ್ ಅಥಾನಾಸಿಯಸ್ ಸ್ಜೆಪ್ಟಿಕ್ಕಿ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1762ಡ್ ಲಿಯೋ ಸ್ಜೆಪ್ಟಿಕ್ಕಿ ಮುಗಿತೆರ್. ೧೮೦೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ದ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಗ್ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಅಗತ್ಯೊದ ನಡುಟು, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ (ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ) ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಂಡ್.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿನ್ ಕಿರುಕುಳ ಕೊರರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, 1945ಡ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ನ ಪೊಸ ಆರ್ಡಿನೇಷನ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್, ಜೋಸಿಫ್ ಸ್ಲಿಪಿಜ್ ನ್ ಜೈಲುಗು ಪಾಡ್ದೆರ್. ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೧೯೪೬ಡ್, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಸಿನೊಡ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ (೧೯೪೬)|ಸಿನೊಡ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್]]<!---ಸಾಮಗ್ರಿಲೆಗ್ [[:uk:Львівський собор ೧೯೪೬]] ನ್ ukwiki ಡ್ ತೂಲೆ--->, ಉಂದು ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟೊನು ರದ್ದು ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್.<ref name=RFEAug72009>[https://www.rferl.org/a/SovietEra_Documents_Shed_Light_On_Suppression_Of_Ukrainian_Catholic_Church/1795023.html Soviet-Era Documents Shed Light On Suppression Of Ukrainian Catholic Church Soviet-Era Documents Shed Light On Suppression Of Ukrainian Catholic Church], ''[[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]]'', August 7, 2009</ref> ಒರಿ ಜವನೆರ್ ವೊಲೊಡಿಮೈರ್ ಸ್ಟೆರ್ನಿಯಕ್ (ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿದ ನಾಯಕೆರ್), ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಲೋಫ್ಟ್ ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನಕುಲು, ಸಾಕ್ಷಿಯಾಯೆರ್. <ref>[http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/major.religions/greek.catholic/sterniuk/ Archbishop Volodymyr Sterniuk] {{webarchive|url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20050420013332/http://www.risu.org.ua/eng/major.religions/greek.catholic/sterniuk/ |date=2005-04-20 }} at the [http://www.risu.org.ua Religious Information Service of Ukraine]</ref> ಗಲಿಸಿಯಾ (ಮಧ್ಯ ಯುರೋಪ್)ದ ಎಕ್ಲೆಸಿಯಾಸ್ಟಿಕಲ್ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿನೇಟ್ನ್ ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಆರ್ಥೊಡಾಕ್ಸ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ಗ್ ಸೇರುನ ನಿರ್ಧಾರ, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ದ ಒರಿದಿನ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನ್ ''ಸೇಂಟ್ ಯೂರಿಸ್'' ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಕುಡ ಪವಿತ್ರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಲ್ವಿವ್-ಟೆರ್ನೋಪಿಲ್ ಡಯೋಸಿಸ್ ದ ಅಪ್ಪೆ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಂಡ್.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ 1989ಡ್ ಪುನರ್ ಉದಿತ್ಂಡ್, ಅಪಗ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಪೆರೆಸ್ಟ್ರೊಯಿಕಾ ದ ನಡುಟು ಮಾನ್ಯತೆ ಪಡೆಯೆರ್,<ref name=RFEAug72009/><ref>V. ಪೆಟ್ರುಶ್ಕೊ - ೧೯೯೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಆಟೋಸೆಫಾಲಸ್ ಸ್ಕಿಸ್ಮ್ಸ್.[http://www.krotov.info/history/20/1997petr.html#2 Retrieved on 29 January 2007]</ref> ಬೊಕ್ಕ 45 ವರ್ಸೊಗು ದುಂಬು ಅಕುಲು ಬುಡುಗಡೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಫಿರ್ಗಜ್ ಲೆನ್ ಕುಡ ಪಡೆಯೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೧೨, ೧೯೯೦ಡ್, ಪೀಪಲ್ಸ್ ಮೂವ್ಮೆಂಟ್ ಆಫ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಪಕ್ಷೊದ ಸದಸ್ಯೆರ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ನ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಮಾಂಡ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ರಡ್ಡ್ ದಿನೊಡ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ದ ಆಡಳಿತ ಮಂಡಳಿ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಹೇಳಿಕೆನ್ ಗುರುತಿಸಾಯೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊ ದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸುರುತ ವರ್ಷೊಲೆಡ್ ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಆಪುಂಡು. ಯೂನಿಯನ್ ಆಫ್ ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ ದ 400ನೇ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕೋತ್ಸವೊನು ನೆನಪು ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ 1996ಡ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಮೈದಾನೊಲೆನ ಜೀರ್ಣೋದ್ಧಾರ ನಡತೊಂದುಂಡು.{{Citation needed|date=December 2023}} ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೨೦೦೫ಡ್, ಯುಜಿಸಿಸಿ ದ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರದ ರಾಜಧಾನಿ ಕೀವ್ ಗ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ''ದಿ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್'' ಡ್ದ್ ''ದಿ ಮೇಜರ್ ಆರ್ಚ್ಬಿಷಪ್ ಆಫ್ ಕೀವ್-ಹ್ಯಾಲಿಚ್'' ಗ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.ugcc.ua/en/news/his_beatitude_lubomyr_transfers_seal_of_patriarchal_curia_to_administrator_of_kyivhalych_major_archbishopric_video_added_59731.html|title=His Beatitude Lubomyr transfers seal of Patriarchal Curia to administrator of Kyiv-Halych Major Archbishopric (video added)|website=news.ugcc.ua|language=en|access-date=2020-04-09}}</ref> ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಮುಖ್ಯವಾಯಿನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆದ್ ಉಂಡು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕೆಪಾರ್ಕಿ ಆಫ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆದ್ ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಿಸೊಂದುಂಡು. ==ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಲಕ್ಷಣೊಲು== [[Image:SoborSwJuraLwow2.jpg|280px|right]] ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡ್ ಮೆರೆಟಿನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಜೋಹಾನ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಗೊಳಿಸಾಯಿನ, ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ಪಾಶ್ಚಾತ್ಯ ಪ್ರಭಾವೊಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಪ್ರತಿಬಿಂಬಿಸವುಂಡು.<ref name=lvivbest/> ಒಂದು ಅಭಿವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಶೀಲ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ ಸಂತ. ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ದಿ ಡ್ರ್ಯಾಗನ್-ಸ್ಲೇಯರ್, ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ನ, ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಅಟಿಕ್ ಡ್ ನಿಲೆಯಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಪಿನ್ಸೆಲ್ ನ ಕೈಟ್ [[ಪೋಪ್ ಲಿಯೋ I ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡ್ರಿಯಾದ ಅಥನಾಸಿಯಸ್ ಏರೆನ ವಿರುದ್ಧಲಾ ಲಡಾಯಿ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ತಯಾರಾತಿನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಕಟ್ಟುನಿಟ್ಟಾದ ನೋಟೊಡು ಎಚ್ಚರಿಕೆ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್."<ref name=nykolyshyn/> ಇಂದೆಕ್ ವಿರುದ್ಧವಾದ್, ಅಂಗೊಣದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಸೈತಿನಕ್ಲೆನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಶಾಂತಿದ ಪರಿಣಾಮ ಬೀರುಂಡು. ಲುಕಾ ಡೊಲಿನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಫಿರ್ಗಜ್ ಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಐಕಾನ್ ದೇವಾಲಯೊದ ಶುದ್ಧೀಕರಣ ಪಂಡ ದೇವಾಲಯೊಡ್ದ್ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಿಲೆನ್ ಗಡಿಪಾರ್ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು ನ್ ತೋಜಾವುಂಡು. ಬೇತೆ ಒಂಜಿ ಐಕಾನ್, ''ಅಪೊಸ್ತಲೆರ್'', "ಸಾವುದ ಪೋಡಿಗೆಡು ಗಟ್ಟಿಯಾತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ದುರ್ಬಲ ಆತ್ಮೊಗು" ಶಾಶ್ವತತೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ನರಮಾನಿಯನ ಬೇನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿರಾಶಾದಾಯಕ ಭಿಕ್ಷೆನ್ ಸರ್ವಶಕ್ತೆಗ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಬಲವಾದ್ ತೆರಿಪಾವುಂಡು."<ref name=nykolyshyn/> ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಅಮೂಲ್ಯವಾಯಿನ ಅವಶೇಷ ಅದ್ಭುತ-ಕೆಲಸೊದ ಐಕಾನ್ ಆಫ್ ದ ವರ್ಜಿನ್ ಮೇರಿ (೧೭ನೆ ಶತಮಾನ) ಬಿಷಪ್ ಜೋಸೆಫ್ ಶುಮ್ಲಿಯಾನ್ಸ್ಕಿ 1674ಡ್ ತೆರೆಬೊವ್ಲಿಯಾ ಡ್ದ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಗ್ ಕೊನೊದ್ ಪೋಯೆರ್. ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ಸಮಾಧಿಲೆಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್-ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ದ ಗೌರವಾನ್ವಿತ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಲೆನ್ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಅವುಲು ಕಾರ್ಡಿನಲ್ ಸಿಲ್ವೆಸ್ಟರ್ ಸೆಂಬ್ರಾಟೊವಿಚ್, ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಆಂಡ್ರೆ ಶೆಪ್ಟಿಟ್ಸ್ಕಿ, ಮೇಜರ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಜೋಸಿಫ್ ಸ್ಲಿಪಿಜ್, ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ವೊಲೊಡಿಮಿರ್ ಸ್ಟೆರ್ನಿಯಕ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾರ್ಡಿನಲ್ ಮೈರೊಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಇವಾನ್ ಲುಬಾಚಿವ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್.<ref name=lvivbest/> ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೆಡ್ರಲ್ ದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಬೆಲ್ಫ್ರಿ (ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ), ಬ್ಯಾರೊಕ್ ಮೆಟ್ರೊಪಾಲಿಟನ್ ಪ್ಯಾಲೇಸ್, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಚಾಪ್ಟರ್ ಹೌಸ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಗೇಟ್ ಲೆನ ಪಿರವುಡು ಸುತ್ತುವರಿದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಗಾರ್ಡನ್ ಲಾ ಉಂಡು. {{Commons category|Saint George cathedral, Lviv}} ==ಇಂಚಲಾ ತೂಲೆ== * Saint George: Devotions, traditions and prayers * [http://clementcelma.com/360/st-georges-cathedral 360-degrees interactive panorama of the interior] * [http://ukraine.kiev-foto.info/en/sobor-svyatogo-yura-vo-lvove/ Photos of St. George's Cathedral in Lviv ]{{Dead link|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://prysjan.ucoz.ua/lviv/4/sobor_yura.html Photo gallery of St. George's Cathedral] ==ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು== {{reflist}} {{coord|49|50|19.48|N|24|0|46.19|E|type:landmark_region:UA_scale:1000|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Saint George's Cathedral,Lviv}} [[Category:Churches completed in 1760]] [[Category:Cathedrals in Lviv]] [[Category:Ukrainian Catholic cathedrals in Ukraine]] [[Category:Baroque architecture in Ukraine]] [[Category:Rococo architecture in Ukraine]] [[Category:13th-century churches in Europe]] [[Category:1280s establishments in Europe]] [[Category:Baroque church buildings in Ukraine]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Ukraine]] dyrhu3o6j3zmhxmmc9el2kq1bk8y2vq 0 28167 366832 2026-08-24T06:04:02Z Pragathi. BH 6361 "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363427839|Mykolaiv Observatory]]" ಪುಟವನ್ನು ಅನುವಾದಿಸುವುದರಿಂದ ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಸಲಾಯಿತು 366832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commons category|Mykolaiv Astronomical Observatory}} {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="8" |Mykolaiv Astronomical Observatory | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Обсерватория_Ник.jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Modern view of the observatory</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alternative&nbsp;names | class="infobox-data" |Research Institute “Nikolaev Astronomical Observatory” [[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4320429|text-top|class=noprint|frameless|10x10px|Edit this at Wikidata]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[List of observatory codes|Observatory&nbsp;code]] | class="infobox-data" |[[List of observatory codes#089| 089]]&nbsp;<span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show">[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4320429?uselang=en#P717|text-top|frameless|10x10px|Edit this on Wikidata]]</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Location | class="infobox-data" |[[Mykolaiv]], Ukraine [[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4320429#P17|text-top|class=noprint|frameless|10x10px|Edit this at Wikidata]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Coordinates | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mykolaiv_Observatory&params=46.97284631_N_31.97285169_E_ <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°58′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">31°58′22″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.97284631°N 31.97285169°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">46.97284631; 31.97285169</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:10}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mykolaiv_Observatory&params=46.97284631_N_31.97285169_E_ <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°58′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">31°58′22″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.97284631°N 31.97285169°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">46.97284631; 31.97285169</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Altitude | class="infobox-data" |52&nbsp;m (171&nbsp;ft) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Established | class="infobox-data" |1821<span style="display: none;">&nbsp;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1821</span>)</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[http://mao.mk.ua mao.mk.ua]</span> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Telescopes |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox-subbox" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">AMC</div> | class="infobox-data" |Axial Meridian Circle (CCD detector) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">FRT</div> | class="infobox-data" |Fast Robotic Telescope |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">MCT</div> | class="infobox-data" |Multi-Channel Telescope (CCD detector) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Mobitel</div> | class="infobox-data" |mobile robotic multi-channel telescope |} |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<mapframe zoom="10" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="270">[ {"properties":{"title":"Mykolaiv Observatory","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#606060"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q4320429"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Mykolaiv Observatory"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q4320429"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[31.972851694444444,46.97284630555556],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"title":"Mykolaiv Observatory","marker-color":"#5E74F3"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" | <templatestyles src="Sister-inline/styles.css" />[[File:Commons-logo.svg|alt=Wikimedia Commons logo|class=noviewer sister-inline-image|16x16px]] [[c:Category:Mykolaiv Astronomical Observatory|Related media on Commons]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historic site</div><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- class="mergedrow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles><div style="line-height:1.5;text-align:center;border-style:solid;border-width:4px;border-color:#F0DC45">Immovable Monument of National Significance of Ukraine</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Official name</div> | class="infobox-data" |<span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk">Обсерваторія</span></span> (''Observatory'') |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Type | class="infobox-data" |Architecture |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Reference&nbsp;no. | class="infobox-data" |140033 |- style="display:none" ! colspan="2" | |- style="display:none" | colspan="2" | |- style="display:none" ! colspan="2" | |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-below" | |} '''ಮೈಕೊಲಾಯಿವ್ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ''' (ಪೂರ್ಣ ಪುದರ್: ''ಸಂಶೋಧನಾ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ "ಮೈಕೊಲಾಯಿವ್ ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ"'', Ukrainian ) ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಮೈಕೋಲಾವ್ ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ [[ಖಗೋಳ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ|ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ]] ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ . == ಚರಿತ್ರೆ == === ನೌಕಾ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ (೧೮೨೧-೧೯೧೨) === [[ಫೈಲ್:Observatoria,_Nikolaev,_c._1900.jpg|thumb| ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಕಡೆಟ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ]] ಮೈಕೊಲಾವ್ ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊನು 1821ಡ್ ಅಡ್ಮಿರಲ್ ಅಲೆಕ್ಸೆ ಸಮುಯಿಲೋವಿಚ್ ಗ್ರೀಗ್ (1775-1845) [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=419 ನೌಕಾಪಡೆದ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊ] ಆದ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರದ ನೌಕಾಪಡೆಕ್ ಸರಿಯಾಯಿತು ಪೊರ್ತುನು ತೆರಿಪಾಯೆರೆ, ನಾಟಿಕಲ್ ಚಾರ್ಟ್ ಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನೌಕಾಪಡೆದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲೆಗ್ ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವಿಧಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಕಲ್ಪಾವುನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ನೌಕಾಪಡೆದ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊ ಆದ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಸ್ಪಾಸ್ಕಿ ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ ಮಿತ್ತ್, ಮೈಕೊಲಾವ್ ನಗರೊದ, ಎತ್ತರದ ಗುಡ್ಡೆ (52M), ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಜಾಗೆ ಆದ್ ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಮುಖ್ಯ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಯೋಜನೆದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಕೆರ್ ಫ್ಯೋಡರ್ ಇವಾನೋವಿಚ್ ವುನ್ಶ್ (೧೭೭೦-೧೮೩೬), ಆರ್ ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರದ ಅಡ್ಮಿರಲ್ಟಿದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಲಾ ಆದಿತ್ತೆರ್. ವಾಸಿಲಿ ಯಾಕೊವ್ಲೆವಿಚ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರುವೆ (೧೮೦೧-೧೮೮೩) ನ ಶಿಫಾರಸ್ ಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಲ್ ಫ್ರೆಡೆರಿಕ್ ನಾರ್ರೆನ್ ಸುರುತ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರೆನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊಗು ನೇಮಕ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ನೌಕಾಪಡೆತ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲೆನ ತಯಾರಿಡ್ ತನ್ನ ಬೇಲೆದ ಒಟ್ಟಿಗೆ, ಕೆ. ಕ್ನೊರೆ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಖಗೋಳ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆನ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ಇತಿಹಾಸೊಡು ಆರ್ ಬರ್ಲಿನ್ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಆಫ್ ಸೈನ್ಸ್ ನ 5ನೇ ಪೇಪರ್ದ ನಕ್ಷತ್ರ ನಕ್ಷೆದ ಲೇಖಕೆರ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪಡೆಯೆರ್, ಉಂದೆತ ಸಹಾಯೊಡು ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಫ್ಲೋರಾ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಎಲ್ಯ ಗ್ರಹೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಾಡ್ದ್ ಪತ್ತಿಯೆರ್ . ಕೆ. ನೊರ್ರೆ 50 ವರ್ಸೊಗು ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊದ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರೆನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಪಡೆಯೆರ್. ರಡ್ಡನೆ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರ್ [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=419#iek ಇವಾನ್ ವೈ. ಕೊರ್ಟಾಟ್ಸ್ಸಿ] (೧೮೩೭-೧೯೦೩) ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊಡು ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆನ್ ಮುಂದುವರಿಸಯೆರ್, ನಕ್ಷತ್ರೊಲೆನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ನನೊಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿ "ನಿಕೋಲೇವ್ ವಲಯ" ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯದ ಕಡಲ ಕಾಲೊಡು, ಕೆ.ಎಚ್. ಕ್ನೊರ್ರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಐ.ಇ. ಕೊರ್ಟಾಟ್ಸ್ಸಿ ಅಜೋವ್, ಕಪ್ಪು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮರ್ಮರಾ ಸಮುದ್ರೊಲೆಡ್ ಜಲಚಿತ್ರ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಅಕುಲು ಈ ಸಮುದ್ರ ನಕ್ಷೆಲೆಡ್ ಅನೇಕ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಣ ಬಿಂದುಲೆನ ಭೌಗೋಳಿಕ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕೊಲೆನ ದಾಸ್ತಾನುನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿಖರವಾಯಿನ ಗುರುತುನ್ ಪತ್ತಿಯೆರ್. ನೌಕಾಪಡೆಟ್ ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಉಪಕರಣೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊರ್ತು (ರೇಖಾಂಶ) ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಕ್ಷಾಂಶೊನು ನಿರ್ಧರಿಸವುನ ಪರಿಪೂರ್ಣ ವಿಧಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಸಜ್ಜು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. === ಪುಲ್ಕೊವೊ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯದ ಮೈಕೊಲಾಯಿವ್ ವಿಭಾಗ (೧೯೧೨-೧೯೯೧) === [೧೯೧೧] ಮುಟ್ಟ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ ನೌಕಾಪಡೆ ಸಚಿವಾಲಯೊಗು ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೧೨ ಡ್ದ್ ೧೯೯೧ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಎಂಎಒ [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=420 ಪುಲ್ಕೊವೊ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊದ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಶಾಖೆ] ಆಂಡ್. ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಉದ್ದೇಶ ಪಂಡ ಪುಲ್ಕೊವೊ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ನಕ್ಷತ್ರೊಲೆನ ಪಟ್ಟಿಲೆನ್ಲೆ ನ್ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಆಕಾಶೊಗು ವ್ಯಾಪಿಸವುನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೂರ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೌರಮಂಡಲೊದ ಬೇತೆ ಖಗೋಳ ಕಾಯದ ನಿಯಮಿತ ಅವಲೋಕನೊಲೆನ್ ಅನುಷ್ಠಾನ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು. ಪೊಸ ಇಲಾಖೆನ್ ರೆಡಿ ಮಲ್ಪರೆ [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?language_id=2&article_id=494 ರೆಪ್ಸೋಲ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಟಿಕಲ್ ಸರ್ಕಲ್] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಾಸೇಜ್ ಇನ್ಸ್ಟ್ರುಮೆಂಟ್ (ಫ್ರೀಬರ್ಗ್-ಕೊಂಡ್ರಾಟಿಯೆವ್) ನ್ ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾಡ್ದ್ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ ಬದುಕುದು ಉಪ್ಪೆರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಮ್ಮ ಸಮಾಜೊಡು ಮಲ್ಲ ಕಷ್ಟೊದ ಅವಧಿಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ ಆದ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಆಂಡ್: ಸುರುತ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧ, ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಂತರ್ಯುದ್ಧ . [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?article_id=396#bok ಬೋರಿಸ್ ಪಾವ್ಲೋವಿಚ್ ಒಸ್ಟಾಸ್ಚೆಂಕೊ-ಕುದ್ರ್ಯಾವ್ಟ್ಸೆವ್] (೧೮೭೯-೧೯೫೬) ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರ್ ಆದಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಕಷ್ಟೊರ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊದ ನವೋದಯೊನು [೧೯೨೩] ಡ್ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊದ ಮುಖ್ಯಸ್ಥೆರಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ನಾಲ್ನೆತ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರ್ [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?article_id=396#ls ಲಿಯೋನಿಡ್ ಇವಾನೊವಿಚ್ ಸೆಮೆನೋವ್] (೧೮೭೮-೧೯೬೫) ನ ಪುದರ್ ಗ್ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟಿನವು. [೧೯೩೧]ಡ್, ಅತ್ಯಂತ ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಪೊರ್ತುದ ಸೇವೆನ್ ಎಂಎಒ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಉಂದು ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಪೊರ್ತುನು ನಿರ್ಧರಿಸರೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊಲೆಗ್ ಕೊಡುಗೆ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು. ೧೯೩೫ಡ್ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊನು ಯುಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ದ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿದ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಲೆನ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಡ್ ಪುಲ್ಕೊವೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ಶಾಖೆ ಆದ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಾಯೆರ್. ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೧೯೪೧ ಡ್ದ್ ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೧೯೪೪ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಮಲ್ಲ ದೇಶಭಕ್ತಿ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಈ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊನು ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಲು ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರ್ ಎಲ್.ಐ. ಸೆಮೆನೋವ್ ಗಂಭೀರ ಗಾಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಾಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ತಡೆಯೆರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಂಡ್. ಯುದ್ಧಾನಂತರದ ಕಾಲೊಡು [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?article_id=396#yag ಜಾಕೊವ್ ಇ. ಗಾರ್ಡನ್] (೧೯೧೨-೧೯೭೮) ನ್ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊದ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರೆನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊಗು ನೇಮಕ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ (೧೯೫೧ಡ್). [೧೯೫೫]ಡ್, [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?language_id=2&article_id=493 ರೆಪ್ಸೋಲ್ಡ್ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್ ಸರ್ಕಲ್ ನ್] ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆದ ಅಪ್ಗ್ರೇಡ್ ಲೆನೆರ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುಲ್ಕೊವೊಡ್ದ್ ಮೈಕೊಲಾಯಿವ್ ಗ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅಯಿಟ್ ೪೦ ವರ್ಸೊಡ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಅನ್ವೇಷಣಾ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೯೬೧ಡ್, “ಕಾರ್ಲ್ ಜೀಸ್” ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=399 ಜೋನಲ್ ಆಸ್ಟ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಫ್ ನ್] ಪುಲ್ಕೊವೊಡ್ದ್ ಎಂಎಒಗ್ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಫೋಟೋಗ್ರಾಫಿಕ್ ಆಸ್ಟ್ರೋಮೆಟ್ರಿದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಸುರು ಆಂಡ್. ಸೌರಮಂಡಲದ ದೇಹೊಲೆನ ಮೈಕೊಲಾಯಿವ್ ಫೋಟೋಗ್ರಾಫಿಕ್ ಅನ್ವೇಷಣೆಲು ಜಗತ್ತ್ ಡ್ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನವುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. ೧೯೫೭-೧೯೬೯ಡ್ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣದ ಉಪಗ್ರಹೊಲೆನ್ ಅಯಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಕಕ್ಷೆಲೆನ್ ತೆರಿಯೊನೆರೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೭೦-೮೦ ದಶಕೊಡು, ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಸ್ಪಿಟ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗನ್ ದ್ವೀಪೊಡು ಕಾಕಸಸ್ ಡ್ ಧ್ರುವ ರಾತ್ರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಎತ್ತರದ ಪರ್ವತೊಲೆನ ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿಲೆನ್ ಅನ್ವೇಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಕೆಲವು ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ದಂಡಯಾತ್ರೆಲೆನ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭಕೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಆಡಳಿತಗಾರೆರ್ ಈ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಒಟ್ಟುಗು, ಸುಮಾರ್ 35 ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಕ್ಯಾಟಲಾಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಎಂಎಒ ಆಕಾಶಕಾಯೊಲೆನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ಂಡ್. ೧೯೭೮ಡ್ ರಿಮಾ ಟಿಮೊಫೀವ್ನಾ ಫೆಡೊರೊವಾ (೧೯೩೪ಡ್ ಪುಟ್ಟುನ) ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊದ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರ್ ಆಯೆರ್. ಜೆನ್ನಾಡಿ ಪಿನಿಗಿನ್ (ಇತ್ತೆದ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರ್, ೧೯೪೩ಡ್ ಪುಟ್ಟಿಯೆರ್) ೧೯೮೬ಡ್ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರೆನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ವಹಿಸಯೆರ್. === ಮೈಕೊಲಾಯಿವ್ ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ === 1992ಟ್, ಮೈಕೋಲೈವ್ ಖಗೋಳ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ (MAO) ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯಾಂಡ್ . ಅಯಿರ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 2002ಟ್, ನೆಕ್ ಅಧಿಕೃತವಾಯಿನ ಸಂಶೋಧನಾ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ (Research Institute) ಪುದರ್ಲಾ ತಿಕ್ಕ್ಂಡ್. ತನ್ನ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ನಡಪಾವೊಂದು, ಎಂಎಒ ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಸಾಧನೊಲೆನ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರೊಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿಯರ್-ಅರ್ಥ್ ಸ್ಪೇಸ್ ದ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆದ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರೊಡು ಸಂಶೋಧನಾ ವಿಷಯೊಲೆನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೯೯೫ಡ್, ಎಂಎಒ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಿಸಿಡಿ ಡಿಟೆಕ್ಟರ್ - [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=357 ಆಕ್ಸಿಯಲ್ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್ ಸರ್ಕಲ್] (ಎಎಂಸಿ) ದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ವಯಂಚಾಲಿತ ದೂರದರ್ಶಕೊನು ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ಕಾರ್ಯಗತ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೯೯೯ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಆಸ್ತಿನ್ ರೂಪಿಸವುನ ವಸ್ತುಲೆನ ತಾತ್ಕಾಲಿಕ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಅಪ್ಗ್ರೇಡ್ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ಸಿಸಿಡಿ ಡಿಟೆಕ್ಟರ್ ಡ್ ಜೋನಲ್ ಆಸ್ಟ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಫ್ ನ್ ಸಜ್ಜು ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್, ಅಯಿಕ್ ಮಲ್ಟಿ-ಚಾನೆಲ್ ಟೆಲಿಸ್ಕೋಪ್ (ಎಂಸಿಟಿ) ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ೨೦೦೪ಡ್ [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=398 ಫಾಸ್ಟ್ ರೊಬೊಟಿಕ್ ಟೆಲಿಸ್ಕೋಪ್] (ಎಫ್ ಆರ್ ಟಿ) ನ್ ಸೇವೆಗ್ ಪಾಡ್ದೆರ್. ಬಾಹ್ಯಾಕಾಶ ವಸ್ತುಲೆನ ಸಮೀಪದ ನಿಯಮಿತ ಅವಲೋಕನೊಲು ಎಫ್ ಟಿ ಆರ್ ಡ್ ನಡಪುಂಡು, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ನ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಬಾಹ್ಯಾಕಾಶ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊಡು ಭಾಗವಹಿಸುವಿಕೆದ ಚೌಕಟ್ಟ್ ಡ್ ಬಾಹ್ಯಾಕಾಶ ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿಲೆನ ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆ. ೨೦೦೯ಡ್, ಸುರುತ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಮೊಬೈಲ್ ದೂರದರ್ಶಕ [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=400 "ಮೊಬಿಟೆಲ್" ನ್] ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ರಿಮೋಟ್ ಆಕ್ಸೆಸ್ ಮೋಡ್ ಡ್ ಕಂಟ್ರೋಲ್ ಸಿಸ್ಟಮ್ ಪ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಮ್ ದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಆಧುನಿಕ ಸಿಸಿಡಿ ಕ್ಯಾಮೆರಾಲೆನ್ ಸಜ್ಜು ಮಲ್ತಿನ ನಾಲ್ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ ಮೌಂಟ್ ನ್ ಉಂದು ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು. ಇತ್ತೆ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ವರ್ಚುವಲ್ ಅಬ್ಸರ್ವೇಟರಿದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=305 ಮೈಕೊಲಾವ್ ವರ್ಚುವಲ್ ಅಬ್ಸರ್ವೇಟರಿನ್] ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಬೇಲೆ ನಡತೊಂದುಂಡು. == ಸಂಶೋಧನಾ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರೊಲು == '''[http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=326 ಸೌರಮಂಡಲದ ಗತಿಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]''' : * ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕ್ಷುದ್ರಗ್ರಹೊಲೆನ ಸಿಸಿಡಿ-ಅವಲೋಕನೊಲು ಅಯಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಕಕ್ಷೆಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದ್ರವ್ಯರಾಶಿ ನಿರ್ಣಯೊನು ಸುಧಾರಿಸವುನ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊಡು; * ಭೂಮಿದ ಸಮೀಪದ ಕ್ಷುದ್ರಗ್ರಹೊಲೆನ ಸಿಸಿಡಿ-ಅವಲೋಕನೊಲು; * ಸಣ್ಣ ಗ್ರಹೊಲೆನ ಫೋಟೋಮೆಟ್ರಿಕ್ ಅವಲೋಕನೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ಗ್ರಹೊಲೆನ ಉಪಗ್ರಹೊಲು. '''[http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=325 ಸ್ಟೆಲ್ಲರ್ ರೆಫರೆನ್ಸ್ ಫ್ರೇಮ್ ಲು]''' : * ಮಂದ ನಕ್ಷತ್ರೊಲೆಗ್ ಹಿಪಾರ್ಕೊಸ್ ಕ್ಯಾಟಲಾಗ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು; * ರೇಡಿಯೋ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಪ್ಟಿಕಲ್ ರೆಫರೆನ್ಸ್ ಫ್ರೇಮ್ ಲೆನ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಲಿಂಕ್ ದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ; * ಎಕ್ಸ್ ಟ್ರಾಗ್ಯಾಲಕ್ಟಿಕ್ ರೇಡಿಯೋ ಮೂಲೊಲೆನ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತದ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ ವಸ್ತುಲು, ಮಾಪನಾಂಕ ನಿರ್ಣಯ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲು ಇಂಚಿನ ಆಕಾಶ ಗೋಳೊದ ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರೊಲೆಡ್ ನಕ್ಷತ್ರೊಲೆನ ಕ್ಯಾಟಲಾಗ್ ಲೆನ ಸಂಕಲನ. '''[http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=327 ಭೂಮಿದ ಸಮೀಪದ ಜಾಗ]''' : * ಭೂಮಿದ ಕೈತಲ್ದ ವಸ್ತುಲೆನ್ ಅನ್ವೇಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ವಿಧಾನೊನು ಸುಧಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು; * ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಕಕ್ಷೆದ ಅಂಶೊಲೆನ್ ಸುಧಾರಿಸವುನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಕ್ಯಾಟಲಾಗ್ ನ್ ಸಂಕಲನ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊಡು ಭೂಸ್ಥಿರ ಉಪಗ್ರಹೊಲೆನ ಅವಲೋಕನೊಲು; * ಭೂಕಂಪದ ಮುನ್ಸೂಚನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೂರ್ಯ-ಭೂಮಿದ ಸಂಪರ್ಕೊಲೆನ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊದ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊಡು ಅಯಾನೋಸ್ಫಿಯರ್ ನ್ ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು; * ಜಿಪಿಎಸ್ ಅನ್ವೇಷಣೆಲು. '''[http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=396 ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಬೆಂಬಲ]''' : * ಅನ್ವೇಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಡೇಟಾ ಪ್ರೊಸೆಸಿಂಗ್ ಗ್ ಸಾಫ್ಟ್ ವೇರ್ ನ್ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು; * ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಜಾಲಬಂಧ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಇಂಟರ್ನೆಟ್ ಮೂಲಕ ದೂರದರ್ಶಕೊಲೆಗ್ ದೂರದ ಪ್ರವೇಶೊಗು ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆನ್ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು; * ವರ್ಚುವಲ್ ಅಬ್ಸರ್ವೇಟರಿದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ಡೇಟಾಬೇಸ್ ಲೆನ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ. * ಖಗೋಳಮಾಪನ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಗ್ ಎಂಎಒದ ಕೊಡುಗೆ; * ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ವಿವಿಧ ಶಾಖೆಲೆಗ್ ಎಂಎಒ ದ ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಜ್ಞೆರೆನ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೊಡುಗೆನ್ ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟಪಡಿಸವುನವು; * ದಂಡಯಾತ್ರೆಲೆನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಅಧ್ಯಯನ. == ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ == ಈ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊನು ೧೯೬೩ಡ್ದ್ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ದೀತೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite web|date=24 August 1963|title=On streamlining the listing and protection of architectural monuments on the territory of the Ukrainian SSR|url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/970-63-%D0%BF#Text|website=Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine}}</ref> ಉಂದು 2007ಡ್ದ್ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋದ ತಾತ್ಕಾಲಿಕ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ ವಸ್ತು ಆದ್ ಕೆತ್ತೆದ್ ಉಂಡು, <ref>{{Cite web|date=12 March 2007|title=Mykolayiv Astronomical Observatory|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5116/|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref> ಬೊಕ್ಕ 2008ಡ್ದ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಬಾಕಿದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಉಂಡು. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 January 2008|title=Astronomical Observatories of Ukraine|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5267/|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref> * ಮೈಕೊಲಾಯಿವ್ ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯದ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕ ಎ.ವಿ.ಶುಲ್ಗಾ; * ವೈಐ ಪ್ರೊಟ್ಸ್ಯುಕ್, ವಿಜ್ಞಾನದ ಉಪ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರ್. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಲಿಂಕ್ ಲು == * [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?language_id=2 ಅಧಿಕೃತ ವೆಬ್ಸೈಟ್] * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5116/ ಮೈಕೊಲಾವ್ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ], ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಕೇಂದ್ರ [[ವರ್ಗೊ:Articles with short description]] 1xdt4g9e4w9jtgt5fa5kl1u6d2ovahb 366840 366832 2026-08-24T06:59:06Z Pragathi. BH 6361 366840 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commons category|Mykolaiv Astronomical Observatory}} {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="8" |Mykolaiv Astronomical Observatory | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Обсерватория_Ник.jpg|frameless]]<div class="infobox-caption">Modern view of the observatory</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Alternative&nbsp;names | class="infobox-data" |Research Institute “Nikolaev Astronomical Observatory” [[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4320429|text-top|class=noprint|frameless|10x10px|Edit this at Wikidata]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[List of observatory codes|Observatory&nbsp;code]] | class="infobox-data" |[[List of observatory codes#089| 089]]&nbsp;<span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show">[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4320429?uselang=en#P717|text-top|frameless|10x10px|Edit this on Wikidata]]</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Location | class="infobox-data" |[[Mykolaiv]], Ukraine [[File:OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4320429#P17|text-top|class=noprint|frameless|10x10px|Edit this at Wikidata]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Coordinates | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mykolaiv_Observatory&params=46.97284631_N_31.97285169_E_ <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°58′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">31°58′22″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xFEFF; / &#xFEFF;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.97284631°N 31.97285169°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xFEFF; / <span class="geo">46.97284631; 31.97285169</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: {{#parsoid�fragment:10}}<span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mykolaiv_Observatory&params=46.97284631_N_31.97285169_E_ <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°58′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">31°58′22″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.97284631°N 31.97285169°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">46.97284631; 31.97285169</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Altitude | class="infobox-data" |52&nbsp;m (171&nbsp;ft) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Established | class="infobox-data" |1821<span style="display: none;">&nbsp;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1821</span>)</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Website | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[http://mao.mk.ua mao.mk.ua]</span> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Telescopes |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox-subbox" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">AMC</div> | class="infobox-data" |Axial Meridian Circle (CCD detector) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">FRT</div> | class="infobox-data" |Fast Robotic Telescope |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">MCT</div> | class="infobox-data" |Multi-Channel Telescope (CCD detector) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Mobitel</div> | class="infobox-data" |mobile robotic multi-channel telescope |} |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<mapframe zoom="10" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="270">[ {"properties":{"title":"Mykolaiv Observatory","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#FF0000","stroke-width":2,"fill":"#606060"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q4320429"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":5,"stroke":"#FF0000","title":"Mykolaiv Observatory"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q4320429"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[31.972851694444444,46.97284630555556],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"title":"Mykolaiv Observatory","marker-color":"#5E74F3"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" | <templatestyles src="Sister-inline/styles.css" />[[File:Commons-logo.svg|alt=Wikimedia Commons logo|class=noviewer sister-inline-image|16x16px]] [[c:Category:Mykolaiv Astronomical Observatory|Related media on Commons]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historic site</div><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- class="infobox-hiddenrow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> |- class="mergedrow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles><div style="line-height:1.5;text-align:center;border-style:solid;border-width:4px;border-color:#F0DC45">Immovable Monument of National Significance of Ukraine</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Official name</div> | class="infobox-data" |<span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk">Обсерваторія</span></span> (''Observatory'') |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Type | class="infobox-data" |Architecture |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Reference&nbsp;no. | class="infobox-data" |140033 |- style="display:none" ! colspan="2" | |- style="display:none" | colspan="2" | |- style="display:none" ! colspan="2" | |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-below" | |} '''ಮೈಕೊಲಾಯಿವ್ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ''' (ಪೂರ್ಣ ಪುದರ್: ''ಸಂಶೋಧನಾ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ "ಮೈಕೊಲಾಯಿವ್ ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ"'', Ukrainian ) ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಮೈಕೋಲಾವ್ ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ [[ಖಗೋಳ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ|ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ]] ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ . == ಚರಿತ್ರೆ == === ನೌಕಾ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ (೧೮೨೧-೧೯೧೨) === [[ಫೈಲ್:Observatoria,_Nikolaev,_c._1900.jpg|thumb| ೧೯ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಕಡೆಟ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ]] ಮೈಕೊಲಾವ್ ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊನು 1821ಡ್ ಅಡ್ಮಿರಲ್ ಅಲೆಕ್ಸೆ ಸಮುಯಿಲೋವಿಚ್ ಗ್ರೀಗ್ (1775-1845) [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=419 ನೌಕಾಪಡೆದ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊ] ಆದ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರದ ನೌಕಾಪಡೆಕ್ ಸರಿಯಾಯಿತು ಪೊರ್ತುನು ತೆರಿಪಾಯೆರೆ, ನಾಟಿಕಲ್ ಚಾರ್ಟ್ ಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನೌಕಾಪಡೆದ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲೆಗ್ ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವಿಧಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಕಲ್ಪಾವುನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ನೌಕಾಪಡೆದ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊ ಆದ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಸ್ಪಾಸ್ಕಿ ಗುಡ್ಡೆದ ಮಿತ್ತ್, ಮೈಕೊಲಾವ್ ನಗರೊದ, ಎತ್ತರದ ಗುಡ್ಡೆ (52M), ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಜಾಗೆ ಆದ್ ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಮುಖ್ಯ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಯೋಜನೆದ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಕೆರ್ ಫ್ಯೋಡರ್ ಇವಾನೋವಿಚ್ ವುನ್ಶ್ (೧೭೭೦-೧೮೩೬), ಆರ್ ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರದ ಅಡ್ಮಿರಲ್ಟಿದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪಿಲಾ ಆದಿತ್ತೆರ್. ವಾಸಿಲಿ ಯಾಕೊವ್ಲೆವಿಚ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರುವೆ (೧೮೦೧-೧೮೮೩) ನ ಶಿಫಾರಸ್ ಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಲ್ ಫ್ರೆಡೆರಿಕ್ ನಾರ್ರೆನ್ ಸುರುತ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರೆನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊಗು ನೇಮಕ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ನೌಕಾಪಡೆತ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲೆನ ತಯಾರಿಡ್ ತನ್ನ ಬೇಲೆದ ಒಟ್ಟಿಗೆ, ಕೆ. ಕ್ನೊರೆ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಖಗೋಳ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆನ್ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ಇತಿಹಾಸೊಡು ಆರ್ ಬರ್ಲಿನ್ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿ ಆಫ್ ಸೈನ್ಸ್ ನ 5ನೇ ಪೇಪರ್ದ ನಕ್ಷತ್ರ ನಕ್ಷೆದ ಲೇಖಕೆರ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪಡೆಯೆರ್, ಉಂದೆತ ಸಹಾಯೊಡು ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಫ್ಲೋರಾ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಎಲ್ಯ ಗ್ರಹೊಕುಲೆನ್ ನಾಡ್ದ್ ಪತ್ತಿಯೆರ್ . ಕೆ. ನೊರ್ರೆ 50 ವರ್ಸೊಗು ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊದ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರೆನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಪಡೆಯೆರ್. ರಡ್ಡನೆ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರ್ [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=419#iek ಇವಾನ್ ವೈ. ಕೊರ್ಟಾಟ್ಸ್ಸಿ] (೧೮೩೭-೧೯೦೩) ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊಡು ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆನ್ ಮುಂದುವರಿಸಯೆರ್, ನಕ್ಷತ್ರೊಲೆನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ಪಟ್ಟಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ನನೊಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿ "ನಿಕೋಲೇವ್ ವಲಯ" ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯದ ಕಡಲ ಕಾಲೊಡು, ಕೆ.ಎಚ್. ಕ್ನೊರ್ರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಐ.ಇ. ಕೊರ್ಟಾಟ್ಸ್ಸಿ ಅಜೋವ್, ಕಪ್ಪು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮರ್ಮರಾ ಸಮುದ್ರೊಲೆಡ್ ಜಲಚಿತ್ರ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ಕೆಲಸೊಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಅಕುಲು ಈ ಸಮುದ್ರ ನಕ್ಷೆಲೆಡ್ ಅನೇಕ ನಿಯಂತ್ರಣ ಬಿಂದುಲೆನ ಭೌಗೋಳಿಕ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕೊಲೆನ ದಾಸ್ತಾನುನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿಖರವಾಯಿನ ಗುರುತುನ್ ಪತ್ತಿಯೆರ್. ನೌಕಾಪಡೆಟ್ ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಉಪಕರಣೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊರ್ತು (ರೇಖಾಂಶ) ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಕ್ಷಾಂಶೊನು ನಿರ್ಧರಿಸವುನ ಪರಿಪೂರ್ಣ ವಿಧಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಸಜ್ಜು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. === ಪುಲ್ಕೊವೊ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯದ ಮೈಕೊಲಾಯಿವ್ ವಿಭಾಗ (೧೯೧೨-೧೯೯೧) === [೧೯೧೧] ಮುಟ್ಟ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ ನೌಕಾಪಡೆ ಸಚಿವಾಲಯೊಗು ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೧೨ ಡ್ದ್ ೧೯೯೧ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಎಂಎಒ [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=420 ಪುಲ್ಕೊವೊ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊದ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಶಾಖೆ] ಆಂಡ್. ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಉದ್ದೇಶ ಪಂಡ ಪುಲ್ಕೊವೊ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ನಕ್ಷತ್ರೊಲೆನ ಪಟ್ಟಿಲೆನ್ಲೆ ನ್ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಆಕಾಶೊಗು ವ್ಯಾಪಿಸವುನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೂರ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೌರಮಂಡಲೊದ ಬೇತೆ ಖಗೋಳ ಕಾಯದ ನಿಯಮಿತ ಅವಲೋಕನೊಲೆನ್ ಅನುಷ್ಠಾನ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು. ಪೊಸ ಇಲಾಖೆನ್ ರೆಡಿ ಮಲ್ಪರೆ [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?language_id=2&article_id=494 ರೆಪ್ಸೋಲ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಟಿಕಲ್ ಸರ್ಕಲ್] ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಾಸೇಜ್ ಇನ್ಸ್ಟ್ರುಮೆಂಟ್ (ಫ್ರೀಬರ್ಗ್-ಕೊಂಡ್ರಾಟಿಯೆವ್) ನ್ ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾಡ್ದ್ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ ಬದುಕುದು ಉಪ್ಪೆರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಮ್ಮ ಸಮಾಜೊಡು ಮಲ್ಲ ಕಷ್ಟೊದ ಅವಧಿಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ ಆದ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಆಂಡ್: ಸುರುತ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧ, ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಂತರ್ಯುದ್ಧ . [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?article_id=396#bok ಬೋರಿಸ್ ಪಾವ್ಲೋವಿಚ್ ಒಸ್ಟಾಸ್ಚೆಂಕೊ-ಕುದ್ರ್ಯಾವ್ಟ್ಸೆವ್] (೧೮೭೯-೧೯೫೬) ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರ್ ಆದಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಕಷ್ಟೊರ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊದ ನವೋದಯೊನು [೧೯೨೩] ಡ್ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊದ ಮುಖ್ಯಸ್ಥೆರಾದ್ ಇತ್ತಿನ ನಾಲ್ನೆತ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರ್ [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?article_id=396#ls ಲಿಯೋನಿಡ್ ಇವಾನೊವಿಚ್ ಸೆಮೆನೋವ್] (೧೮೭೮-೧೯೬೫) ನ ಪುದರ್ ಗ್ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟಿನವು. [೧೯೩೧]ಡ್, ಅತ್ಯಂತ ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಪೊರ್ತುದ ಸೇವೆನ್ ಎಂಎಒ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಉಂದು ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಪೊರ್ತುನು ನಿರ್ಧರಿಸರೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊಲೆಗ್ ಕೊಡುಗೆ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು. ೧೯೩೫ಡ್ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊನು ಯುಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ದ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನ ಅಕಾಡೆಮಿದ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಲೆನ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಡ್ ಪುಲ್ಕೊವೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ಶಾಖೆ ಆದ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಾಯೆರ್. ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೧೯೪೧ ಡ್ದ್ ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೧೯೪೪ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಮಲ್ಲ ದೇಶಭಕ್ತಿ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಈ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊನು ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಲು ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರ್ ಎಲ್.ಐ. ಸೆಮೆನೋವ್ ಗಂಭೀರ ಗಾಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಾಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ತಡೆಯೆರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಂಡ್. ಯುದ್ಧಾನಂತರದ ಕಾಲೊಡು [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?article_id=396#yag ಜಾಕೊವ್ ಇ. ಗಾರ್ಡನ್] (೧೯೧೨-೧೯೭೮) ನ್ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊದ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರೆನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊಗು ನೇಮಕ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ (೧೯೫೧ಡ್). [೧೯೫೫]ಡ್, [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?language_id=2&article_id=493 ರೆಪ್ಸೋಲ್ಡ್ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್ ಸರ್ಕಲ್ ನ್] ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆದ ಅಪ್ಗ್ರೇಡ್ ಲೆನೆರ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುಲ್ಕೊವೊಡ್ದ್ ಮೈಕೊಲಾಯಿವ್ ಗ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅಯಿಟ್ ೪೦ ವರ್ಸೊಡ್ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಅನ್ವೇಷಣಾ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊಲೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೯೬೧ಡ್, “ಕಾರ್ಲ್ ಜೀಸ್” ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=399 ಜೋನಲ್ ಆಸ್ಟ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಫ್ ನ್] ಪುಲ್ಕೊವೊಡ್ದ್ ಎಂಎಒಗ್ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಫೋಟೋಗ್ರಾಫಿಕ್ ಆಸ್ಟ್ರೋಮೆಟ್ರಿದ ಇತಿಹಾಸ ಸುರು ಆಂಡ್. ಸೌರಮಂಡಲದ ದೇಹೊಲೆನ ಮೈಕೊಲಾಯಿವ್ ಫೋಟೋಗ್ರಾಫಿಕ್ ಅನ್ವೇಷಣೆಲು ಜಗತ್ತ್ ಡ್ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನವುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. ೧೯೫೭-೧೯೬೯ಡ್ ದೃಶ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಛಾಯಾಗ್ರಹಣದ ಉಪಗ್ರಹೊಲೆನ್ ಅಯಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಕಕ್ಷೆಲೆನ್ ತೆರಿಯೊನೆರೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೭೦-೮೦ ದಶಕೊಡು, ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಸ್ಪಿಟ್ಸ್ಬರ್ಗನ್ ದ್ವೀಪೊಡು ಕಾಕಸಸ್ ಡ್ ಧ್ರುವ ರಾತ್ರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಎತ್ತರದ ಪರ್ವತೊಲೆನ ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿಲೆನ್ ಅನ್ವೇಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಕೆಲವು ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ದಂಡಯಾತ್ರೆಲೆನ ಪ್ರಾರಂಭಕೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಆಡಳಿತಗಾರೆರ್ ಈ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಒಟ್ಟುಗು, ಸುಮಾರ್ 35 ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಕ್ಯಾಟಲಾಗ್ ಲೆನ್ ಎಂಎಒ ಆಕಾಶಕಾಯೊಲೆನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊಲೆನ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ಂಡ್. ೧೯೭೮ಡ್ ರಿಮಾ ಟಿಮೊಫೀವ್ನಾ ಫೆಡೊರೊವಾ (೧೯೩೪ಡ್ ಪುಟ್ಟುನ) ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊದ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರ್ ಆಯೆರ್. ಜೆನ್ನಾಡಿ ಪಿನಿಗಿನ್ (ಇತ್ತೆದ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರ್, ೧೯೪೩ಡ್ ಪುಟ್ಟಿಯೆರ್) ೧೯೮೬ಡ್ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರೆನ ಸ್ಥಾನೊನು ವಹಿಸಯೆರ್. === ಮೈಕೊಲಾಯಿವ್ ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ === 1992ಟ್, ಮೈಕೋಲೈವ್ ಖಗೋಳ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ (MAO) ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯಾಂಡ್ . ಅಯಿರ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 2002ಟ್, ನೆಕ್ ಅಧಿಕೃತವಾಯಿನ ಸಂಶೋಧನಾ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ (Research Institute) ಪುದರ್ಲಾ ತಿಕ್ಕ್ಂಡ್. ತನ್ನ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ನಡಪಾವೊಂದು, ಎಂಎಒ ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಸಾಧನೊಲೆನ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರೊಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಿಯರ್-ಅರ್ಥ್ ಸ್ಪೇಸ್ ದ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆದ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರೊಡು ಸಂಶೋಧನಾ ವಿಷಯೊಲೆನ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೯೯೫ಡ್, ಎಂಎಒ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಿಸಿಡಿ ಡಿಟೆಕ್ಟರ್ - [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=357 ಆಕ್ಸಿಯಲ್ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್ ಸರ್ಕಲ್] (ಎಎಂಸಿ) ದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಒಂಜಿ ಸ್ವಯಂಚಾಲಿತ ದೂರದರ್ಶಕೊನು ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ಕಾರ್ಯಗತ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ೧೯೯೯ಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಆಸ್ತಿನ್ ರೂಪಿಸವುನ ವಸ್ತುಲೆನ ತಾತ್ಕಾಲಿಕ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಅಪ್ಗ್ರೇಡ್ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ಸಿಸಿಡಿ ಡಿಟೆಕ್ಟರ್ ಡ್ ಜೋನಲ್ ಆಸ್ಟ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಫ್ ನ್ ಸಜ್ಜು ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್, ಅಯಿಕ್ ಮಲ್ಟಿ-ಚಾನೆಲ್ ಟೆಲಿಸ್ಕೋಪ್ (ಎಂಸಿಟಿ) ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ದೀಯೆರ್. ೨೦೦೪ಡ್ [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=398 ಫಾಸ್ಟ್ ರೊಬೊಟಿಕ್ ಟೆಲಿಸ್ಕೋಪ್] (ಎಫ್ ಆರ್ ಟಿ) ನ್ ಸೇವೆಗ್ ಪಾಡ್ದೆರ್. ಬಾಹ್ಯಾಕಾಶ ವಸ್ತುಲೆನ ಸಮೀಪದ ನಿಯಮಿತ ಅವಲೋಕನೊಲು ಎಫ್ ಟಿ ಆರ್ ಡ್ ನಡಪುಂಡು, ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ನ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಬಾಹ್ಯಾಕಾಶ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮೊಡು ಭಾಗವಹಿಸುವಿಕೆದ ಚೌಕಟ್ಟ್ ಡ್ ಬಾಹ್ಯಾಕಾಶ ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿಲೆನ ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿಶ್ಲೇಷಣೆ. ೨೦೦೯ಡ್, ಸುರುತ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಮೊಬೈಲ್ ದೂರದರ್ಶಕ [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=400 "ಮೊಬಿಟೆಲ್" ನ್] ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ರಿಮೋಟ್ ಆಕ್ಸೆಸ್ ಮೋಡ್ ಡ್ ಕಂಟ್ರೋಲ್ ಸಿಸ್ಟಮ್ ಪ್ರೋಗ್ರಾಮ್ ದ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಆಧುನಿಕ ಸಿಸಿಡಿ ಕ್ಯಾಮೆರಾಲೆನ್ ಸಜ್ಜು ಮಲ್ತಿನ ನಾಲ್ ಸ್ವತಂತ್ರ ಮೌಂಟ್ ನ್ ಉಂದು ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿತ್ತುಂಡು. ಇತ್ತೆ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ವರ್ಚುವಲ್ ಅಬ್ಸರ್ವೇಟರಿದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=305 ಮೈಕೊಲಾವ್ ವರ್ಚುವಲ್ ಅಬ್ಸರ್ವೇಟರಿನ್] ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಬೇಲೆ ನಡತೊಂದುಂಡು. == ಸಂಶೋಧನಾ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರೊಲು == '''[http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=326 ಸೌರಮಂಡಲದ ಗತಿಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ]''' : * ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕ್ಷುದ್ರಗ್ರಹೊಲೆನ ಸಿಸಿಡಿ-ಅವಲೋಕನೊಲು ಅಯಿಕ್ಲೆನ ಕಕ್ಷೆಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದ್ರವ್ಯರಾಶಿ ನಿರ್ಣಯೊನು ಸುಧಾರಿಸವುನ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊಡು; * ಭೂಮಿದ ಸಮೀಪದ ಕ್ಷುದ್ರಗ್ರಹೊಲೆನ ಸಿಸಿಡಿ-ಅವಲೋಕನೊಲು; * ಸಣ್ಣ ಗ್ರಹೊಲೆನ ಫೋಟೋಮೆಟ್ರಿಕ್ ಅವಲೋಕನೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ಗ್ರಹೊಲೆನ ಉಪಗ್ರಹೊಲು. '''[http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=325 ಸ್ಟೆಲ್ಲರ್ ರೆಫರೆನ್ಸ್ ಫ್ರೇಮ್ ಲು]''' : * ಮಂದ ನಕ್ಷತ್ರೊಲೆಗ್ ಹಿಪಾರ್ಕೊಸ್ ಕ್ಯಾಟಲಾಗ್ ನ್ ವಿಸ್ತರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು; * ರೇಡಿಯೋ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಪ್ಟಿಕಲ್ ರೆಫರೆನ್ಸ್ ಫ್ರೇಮ್ ಲೆನ ನಡುಟು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಲಿಂಕ್ ದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆ; * ಎಕ್ಸ್ ಟ್ರಾಗ್ಯಾಲಕ್ಟಿಕ್ ರೇಡಿಯೋ ಮೂಲೊಲೆನ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತದ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ ವಸ್ತುಲು, ಮಾಪನಾಂಕ ನಿರ್ಣಯ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲು ಇಂಚಿನ ಆಕಾಶ ಗೋಳೊದ ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕ್ಷೇತ್ರೊಲೆಡ್ ನಕ್ಷತ್ರೊಲೆನ ಕ್ಯಾಟಲಾಗ್ ಲೆನ ಸಂಕಲನ. '''[http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=327 ಭೂಮಿದ ಸಮೀಪದ ಜಾಗ]''' : * ಭೂಮಿದ ಕೈತಲ್ದ ವಸ್ತುಲೆನ್ ಅನ್ವೇಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ವಿಧಾನೊನು ಸುಧಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು; * ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಕಕ್ಷೆದ ಅಂಶೊಲೆನ್ ಸುಧಾರಿಸವುನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಕ್ಯಾಟಲಾಗ್ ನ್ ಸಂಕಲನ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊಡು ಭೂಸ್ಥಿರ ಉಪಗ್ರಹೊಲೆನ ಅವಲೋಕನೊಲು; * ಭೂಕಂಪದ ಮುನ್ಸೂಚನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ [[ಸೂರ್ಯ]]-[[ಭೂಮಿ]]ದ ಸಂಪರ್ಕೊಲೆನ ಅಧ್ಯಯನೊದ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊಡು ಅಯಾನೋಸ್ಫಿಯರ್ ನ್ ಮೇಲ್ವಿಚಾರಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು; * ಜಿಪಿಎಸ್ ಅನ್ವೇಷಣೆಲು. '''[http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?catalog_id=396 ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆದ ಮಾಹಿತಿ ಬೆಂಬಲ]''' : * ಅನ್ವೇಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಡೇಟಾ ಪ್ರೊಸೆಸಿಂಗ್ ಗ್ ಸಾಫ್ಟ್ ವೇರ್ ನ್ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು; * ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಜಾಲಬಂಧ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಇಂಟರ್ನೆಟ್ ಮೂಲಕ ದೂರದರ್ಶಕೊಲೆಗ್ ದೂರದ ಪ್ರವೇಶೊಗು ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆನ್ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ ಮಲ್ಪುನವು; * ವರ್ಚುವಲ್ ಅಬ್ಸರ್ವೇಟರಿದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ಡೇಟಾಬೇಸ್ ಲೆನ ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ. * ಖಗೋಳಮಾಪನ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಗ್ ಎಂಎಒದ ಕೊಡುಗೆ; * ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ವಿವಿಧ ಶಾಖೆಲೆಗ್ ಎಂಎಒ ದ ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರಜ್ಞೆರೆನ ಚಟುವಟಿಕೆಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೊಡುಗೆನ್ ಸ್ಪಷ್ಟಪಡಿಸವುನವು; * ದಂಡಯಾತ್ರೆಲೆನ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಅಧ್ಯಯನ. == ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ == ಈ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊನು ೧೯೬೩ಡ್ದ್ ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ದೀತೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite web|date=24 August 1963|title=On streamlining the listing and protection of architectural monuments on the territory of the Ukrainian SSR|url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/970-63-%D0%BF#Text|website=Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine}}</ref> ಉಂದು 2007ಡ್ದ್ ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋದ ತಾತ್ಕಾಲಿಕ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ವೈಯಕ್ತಿಕ ವಸ್ತು ಆದ್ ಕೆತ್ತೆದ್ ಉಂಡು, <ref>{{Cite web|date=12 March 2007|title=Mykolayiv Astronomical Observatory|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5116/|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref> ಬೊಕ್ಕ 2008ಡ್ದ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಬಾಕಿದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಉಂಡು. <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 January 2008|title=Astronomical Observatories of Ukraine|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5267/|website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre}}</ref> * ಮೈಕೊಲಾಯಿವ್ ಖಗೋಳಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯದ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕ ಎ.ವಿ.ಶುಲ್ಗಾ; * ವೈಐ ಪ್ರೊಟ್ಸ್ಯುಕ್, ವಿಜ್ಞಾನದ ಉಪನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರ್. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಲಿಂಕ್ ಲು == * [http://www.nao.nikolaev.ua/index.php?language_id=2 ಅಧಿಕೃತ ವೆಬ್ಸೈಟ್] * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5116/ ಮೈಕೊಲಾವ್ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ], ಯುನೆಸ್ಕೋ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಕೇಂದ್ರ [[ವರ್ಗೊ:Articles with short description]] blcn11mhtgqob9qpc7lm340huxv9ied 0 28168 366843 2026-08-24T07:18:59Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 ಹೊಸ ಪುಟ: {{Infobox settlement | name = ಡೊಬ್ರೊವೊಡಿ | native_name = Доброводи | native_name_lang = uk | settlement_type = ಊರು | image_skyline = DobrovodyUman8.JPG | image_caption = ಡೊಬ್ರೊವೊಡಿದ ದೃಶ್ಯ | subdivision_type = ದೇಶ | subdivision_name = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | subdivision_type1 = ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ | subdivision_name1 = ಚೆರ್ಕಾಸ... 366843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ಡೊಬ್ರೊವೊಡಿ | native_name = Доброводи | native_name_lang = uk | settlement_type = ಊರು | image_skyline = DobrovodyUman8.JPG | image_caption = ಡೊಬ್ರೊವೊಡಿದ ದೃಶ್ಯ | subdivision_type = ದೇಶ | subdivision_name = ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | subdivision_type1 = ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ | subdivision_name1 = ಚೆರ್ಕಾಸಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ | subdivision_type2 = ರಾಯನ್ | subdivision_name2 = ಉಮಾನ್ ರಾಯನ್ | subdivision_type3 = ಹ್ರೊಮಾಡಾ | subdivision_name3 = ದ್ಮಿತ್ರುಷ್ಕಿ ಗ್ರಾಮೀಣ ಹ್ರೊಮಾಡಾ | elevation_m = 181 | population_total = 975 | postal_code_type = ಅಂಚೆ ಕೋಡ್ | postal_code = 20335 | coordinates = {{coord|48|45|58|N|30|23|23|E|display=inline,title}} }} '''ಡೊಬ್ರೊವೊಡಿ''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಚೆರ್ಕಾಸಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್‌ಡ್, ಉಮಾನ್ ರಾಯನ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಊರು. ಈ ಊರು ದ್ಮಿತ್ರುಷ್ಕಿ ಗ್ರಾಮೀಣ ಹ್ರೊಮಾಡಾದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು. == ಪುರಾತತ್ತ್ವ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ತಾಣ == ಡೊಬ್ರೊವೊಡಿ ಕ್ಯುಕುಟೆನಿ-ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯಾ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪುರಾತತ್ತ್ವ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರದ ತಾಣೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. ಈ ತಾಣೊನು ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. 4ನೇ ಸಹಸ್ರಮಾನಕೂ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟಿದ್ದುಂಡು. ಪೊಸ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಲೆನ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಸುಮಾರ್ ಕ್ರಿ.ಪೂ. ನಾಲ್ಕನೇ ಸಹಸ್ರಮಾನಡ್ ಡೊಬ್ರೊವೊಡಿಡ್ ಅಂದಾಜು '''16,200 ಜನ''' ವಾಸ ಮಲ್ತಿತ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="MüllerRassmann2016">{{cite book |author1=Johannes Müller |author2=Knut Rassmann |author3=Mykhailo Videiko |title=Trypillia Mega-Sites and European Prehistory: 4100–3400 BCE |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-3twCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT347 |date=22 January 2016 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-317-24791-3 |pages=347– }}</ref> ಈ ಕಾರಣಡ್ದ್, ತನ್ನ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಉಂದು ಇತಿಹಾಸೊಡು ಜಗತ್ತ್‌ದ ಮಲ್ಲ ನಗರೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆದುಂಡು. ಈ ಪುರಾತನ ವಸತಿದ ಒಟ್ಟು ವಿಸ್ತೀರ್ಣ ಸುಮಾರ್ '''2.5 ಕಿ.ಮೀ.²''' ಇತ್ತುಂಡ್. ಏರಿಯಲ್ ಫೋಟೋಗ್ರಫಿ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತ್, ಬ್ಲಾಕ್‌ಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೀದಿಲು ಯೋಜಿತ ರೀತಿಡ್ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ದೊಡ್ಡ ವಸತಿನನ್ ಅಲ್ಪ ತೂವೊಲಿ. ಉತ್ಖನನೊಲೆನ ಸಮಯಡ್ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾತಿನ ನಿವಾಸೊಲು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ '''12 × 5 ಮೀಟರ್''' ಪ್ರಮಾಣದ ಗಾತ್ರೊಡು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಟೊಮಾಸ್ಜೋವ್ ಗುಂಪುದ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆಡ್ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟವಾದ ಒಳಾಂಗಣ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸ ಉಂಡು. ಅಯಿಟ್ ಒಂಜಿ ದಿಕ್ಕೆಲ್, ಗೋಡೆದ ಕೆಳಭಾಗೊಡ್ ಉದ್ದದ ಬೆಂಚ್-ವೇದಿಕೆ, ಸುತ್ತು ಬಲಿಪೀಠ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಿಥೋಸ್ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಒಂಜಿ ನಿವಾಸಿದ ಕೋನೊಡು ಎರುತ ತಲೆಬುರುಡೆಗೂ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಚರಣೆದ ಸಮಾಧಿ ಕೂಡ ಕಂಡುಬಂದಿದ್ದುಂಡು. ಮೇಲ್ಮೈ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉತ್ಖನನೊಡ್ದ್ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಕುಂಬಾರಿಕೆದ ತುಂಡುಲು ಈ ತಾಣದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಪುರಾತತ್ತ್ವ ಸಾಕ್ಷ್ಯೊಲು ಆಂಡ್. ಕಿತ್ತಳೆ ಬಣ್ಣದ ಎಂಗೊಬ್‌ಡ್ ಕಪ್ಪು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಂದು ಬಣ್ಣೊಡು ಅಲಂಕಾರ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಮೇಜಿದ ಪಾತ್ರೆಲೆಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಬಲ್ಯ ಉಂಡು. ಪುದರ್‌ಪೋಯಿನ ಸುಷ್ಕಿವ್ ವಸತಿ ಮಾದರಿಗ್ ಹೋಲಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ, ಒಂಜಿ ದಿಕ್ಕೆಲ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟ ವಸತಿ ಮಾದರಿನೂ ಈ ತಾಣೊಡ್ ತೋಜಿದು ಬೈದುಂಡು.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-06-29 |title=Трипольская культура: почему это так круто - Главное™ |url=http://glavnoe.ua/articles/a2259/ |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100629043346/http://glavnoe.ua/articles/a2259/ |archive-date=29 June 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == ಭೌಗೋಳಿಕ ಸ್ಥಾನ == ಡೊಬ್ರೊವೊಡಿ '''48°45′58″ ಉತ್ತರ ಅಕ್ಷಾಂಶ''' ಬೊಕ್ಕ '''30°23′23″ ಪೂರ್ವ ರೇಖಾಂಶ'''ಡ್ ನೆಲೆಗೊಂಡುದುಂಡು. ಈ ಊರು ಸಮುದ್ರ ಮಟ್ಟೊಡ್ದ್ ಸುಮಾರ್ '''181 ಮೀಟರ್''' ಎತ್ತರೊಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುಂಡು. == ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ == ಡೊಬ್ರೊವೊಡಿದ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ '''975''' ಆದುಂಡು. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Archaeological sites in Ukraine]] [[Category:Cucuteni–Trypillia culture]] [[Category:Villages in Uman Raion]] j8u3yi3i1u2yn4q7nctkrtio8leux4y 0 28169 366845 2026-08-24T07:19:33Z Pragathi. BH 6361 "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1370751479|Trypillian Incident]]" ಪುಟವನ್ನು ಅನುವಾದಿಸುವುದರಿಂದ ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಸಲಾಯಿತು 366845 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯನ್ ದುರಂತ''' ( ರಷ್ಯನ್ :Трипольская трагедия) ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲಾ ಲೆಪ್ಪುನ '''ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯನ್ ಘಟನೆ''' 1919ತ ಅರೆಗಾಲಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬೊಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ವಿರೋಧಿ ಪಡೆಕುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೊಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ಕೀವ್ ಗ್ಯಾರಿಸನ್ ಮೊಕ್ಲೆನ ನಡುಟು ನಡತ್ಂಡ್.{{Campaignbox Ukrainian-Soviet War}} == ಪಿನ್ನೆಲೆ == ಒಂಜಿ ರಡ್ಡ್ ತಿಂಗೊಲು ದುಂಬು, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ದಿಕ್ಕುದ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಕೆಂಪು ಸೈನ್ಯ ಕೀವ್ ನ್ ವಶೊಕು ದೆತೊಂಡೆರ್ . ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಲು ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊಡ್ದ್ ದುಃಖೊಡು ಇತ್ತೆರ್,ಈ ಅಸಮಾಧಾನ ಕ್ರಮೇಣ ಕೀವ್‌ರ್ದ್ ಸುಮಾರು 50 ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ ದೂರೊಡು ನಡತ್ನ ಸಶಸ್ತ್ರ ದಂಗೆಗ್ ಕಾರಣ ಆಂಡ್. == ಈ ಘಟನೆ == 1919ರ ಜೂನ್ 28ತಾನಿ, ಕೀವ್ ಕೈತಲ್ದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಬೋಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ವಿರೋಧಿ ಗುಂಪೊಂಜೆನ್ ಸೋಲ್ಪಾವುನ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊರ್ದ್ ಬೋಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ಸೈನ್ಯದ ಒಂದು ಘಟಕೊನು ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯಾಗ್ ಕಡಪುರ್ಯೇರ್.ಕೀವ್ ದ ಸಮೀಪೊಡು ಕಮ್ಯುನಿಸ್ಟ್ ವಿರೋಧಿಲೆನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಗುಂಪುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಗುಂಪುನ್ ಲಿಕ್ವಿಡೇಟ್ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ. ಒಂಜಿ ಗುಂಪು 1,500 ಸೈನಿಕೆರೆನ್ ನಿಯೋಜಿಸಯೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೊಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ವಿರೋಧಿ ಪಡೆಕ್ಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಘರ್ಷಣೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಬೊಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ನಕುಲು ಸೋತುದು, ನೂದೆಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಸೈನಿಕೆರ್ ಸೈತೆರ್, ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ತಪ್ಪಾದ್ ಪೋಯೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Тpипольская трагедия|url=https://www.hrono.ru/sobyt/1900sob/1919tripol.php|accessdate=2024-07-21|website=www.hrono.ru}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Трипольский поход|url=https://www.booksite.ru/fulltext/1/001/008/112/221.htm|accessdate=2024-07-21|website=www.booksite.ru}}</ref> == ಮಾಧ್ಯಮೊಡು == ''ಟ್ರೈಪಿಲಿಯಾ ಟ್ರಾಜೆಡಿ'' ( ''Трипольская трагедия'' ) ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಸಿನಿಮಾನ್ 1926ಡ್ ಈ ಘರ್ಷಣೆದ ಘಟನೆಲೆನ್ ಆಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತ್ದ್ ಚಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} imh6xvhlmlmuosf5m76znztcbk6oe80 366848 366845 2026-08-24T07:46:31Z Pragathi. BH 6361 366848 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|1919 incident in Ukraine}} {{Multiple issues| {{notability|date=April 2025}} {{More citations needed|date=September 2024}} }} {{Infobox military conflict | conflict = ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯನ್ ಘಟನೆ | part_of = ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ನಾ ಸೋವಿಯತ್ ಯುದ್ಧದ ಭಾಗ | image = | caption = | date = June 28 – July 25, 1919 | location = ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯಾ , ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಸೋವಿಯತ್ ಸಮಾಜವಾದಿ ಗಣರಾಜ್ಯ | result = ಹಸಿರು ಗೆಲುವು | combatant1 = [[Green armies]] ([[Borotbists]]) | combatant2 = {{flag|Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|1919}} | commander1 = ಡ್ಯಾನಿಲೊ, ಟೆರ್ಪಿಲೊ | commander2 = {{ill|Mikhailo Ramatsky|uk|Ратманський Михайло Самійлович}}{{KIA}}<ref>Велика радянська енциклопедія|Большая советская энциклопедия. — : Советская энциклопедия, 1969–1978.</ref> | units1 = Terpylo's force | units2 = Bolshevik Kiev city garrison | strength1 = 2,000 | strength2 = Initial force 1,500 <br/> Later force Unknown | casualties1 = Unknown probably few | casualties2 = Hundreds of Red Army soldiers massacred }}   '''ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯನ್ ದುರಂತ''' ( ರಷ್ಯನ್ :Трипольская трагедия) ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲಾ ಲೆಪ್ಪುನ '''ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯನ್ ಘಟನೆ''' 1919ತ ಅರೆಗಾಲಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬೊಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ವಿರೋಧಿ ಪಡೆಕುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೊಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ಕೀವ್ ಗ್ಯಾರಿಸನ್ ಮೊಕ್ಲೆನ ನಡುಟು ನಡತ್ಂಡ್.{{Campaignbox Ukrainian-Soviet War}} == ಪಿನ್ನೆಲೆ == ಒಂಜಿ ರಡ್ಡ್ ತಿಂಗೊಲು ದುಂಬು, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ದಿಕ್ಕುದ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಕೆಂಪು ಸೈನ್ಯ ಕೀವ್ ನ್ ವಶೊಕು ದೆತೊಂಡೆರ್ . ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಲು ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊಡ್ದ್ ದುಃಖೊಡು ಇತ್ತೆರ್,ಈ ಅಸಮಾಧಾನ ಕ್ರಮೇಣ ಕೀವ್‌ರ್ದ್ ಸುಮಾರು 50 ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ ದೂರೊಡು ನಡತ್ನ ಸಶಸ್ತ್ರ ದಂಗೆಗ್ ಕಾರಣ ಆಂಡ್. == ಈ ಘಟನೆ == 1919ರ ಜೂನ್ 28ತಾನಿ, ಕೀವ್ ಕೈತಲ್ದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಬೋಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ವಿರೋಧಿ ಗುಂಪೊಂಜೆನ್ ಸೋಲ್ಪಾವುನ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊರ್ದ್ ಬೋಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ಸೈನ್ಯದ ಒಂದು ಘಟಕೊನು ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯಾಗ್ ಕಡಪುರ್ಯೇರ್.ಕೀವ್ ದ ಸಮೀಪೊಡು ಕಮ್ಯುನಿಸ್ಟ್ ವಿರೋಧಿಲೆನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಗುಂಪುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಗುಂಪುನ್ ಲಿಕ್ವಿಡೇಟ್ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ. ಒಂಜಿ ಗುಂಪು 1,500 ಸೈನಿಕೆರೆನ್ ನಿಯೋಜಿಸಯೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೊಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ವಿರೋಧಿ ಪಡೆಕ್ಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಘರ್ಷಣೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಬೊಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ನಕುಲು ಸೋತುದು, ನೂದೆಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಸೈನಿಕೆರ್ ಸೈತೆರ್, ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ತಪ್ಪಾದ್ ಪೋಯೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Тpипольская трагедия|url=https://www.hrono.ru/sobyt/1900sob/1919tripol.php|accessdate=2024-07-21|website=www.hrono.ru}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Трипольский поход|url=https://www.booksite.ru/fulltext/1/001/008/112/221.htm|accessdate=2024-07-21|website=www.booksite.ru}}</ref> == ಮಾಧ್ಯಮೊಡು == ''ಟ್ರೈಪಿಲಿಯಾ ಟ್ರಾಜೆಡಿ'' ( ''Трипольская трагедия'' ) ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಸಿನಿಮಾನ್ 1926ಡ್ ಈ ಘರ್ಷಣೆದ ಘಟನೆಲೆನ್ ಆಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತ್ದ್ ಚಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} bzqmvd4op2pxk6hdu20il41ixuix152 366849 366848 2026-08-24T07:47:23Z Pragathi. BH 6361 366849 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯನ್ ದುರಂತ''' ( ರಷ್ಯನ್ :Трипольская трагедия) ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲಾ ಲೆಪ್ಪುನ '''ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯನ್ ಘಟನೆ''' 1919ತ ಅರೆಗಾಲಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬೊಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ವಿರೋಧಿ ಪಡೆಕುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೊಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ಕೀವ್ ಗ್ಯಾರಿಸನ್ ಮೊಕ್ಲೆನ ನಡುಟು ನಡತ್ಂಡ್.{{Campaignbox Ukrainian-Soviet War}} == ಪಿನ್ನೆಲೆ == ಒಂಜಿ ರಡ್ಡ್ ತಿಂಗೊಲು ದುಂಬು, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ದಿಕ್ಕುದ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಕೆಂಪು ಸೈನ್ಯ ಕೀವ್ ನ್ ವಶೊಕು ದೆತೊಂಡೆರ್ . ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಲು ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊಡ್ದ್ ದುಃಖೊಡು ಇತ್ತೆರ್,ಈ ಅಸಮಾಧಾನ ಕ್ರಮೇಣ ಕೀವ್‌ರ್ದ್ ಸುಮಾರು 50 ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ ದೂರೊಡು ನಡತ್ನ ಸಶಸ್ತ್ರ ದಂಗೆಗ್ ಕಾರಣ ಆಂಡ್. == ಈ ಘಟನೆ == 1919ರ ಜೂನ್ 28ತಾನಿ, ಕೀವ್ ಕೈತಲ್ದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಬೋಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ವಿರೋಧಿ ಗುಂಪೊಂಜೆನ್ ಸೋಲ್ಪಾವುನ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊರ್ದ್ ಬೋಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ಸೈನ್ಯದ ಒಂದು ಘಟಕೊನು ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯಾಗ್ ಕಡಪುರ್ಯೇರ್.ಕೀವ್ ದ ಸಮೀಪೊಡು ಕಮ್ಯುನಿಸ್ಟ್ ವಿರೋಧಿಲೆನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಗುಂಪುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಗುಂಪುನ್ ಲಿಕ್ವಿಡೇಟ್ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ. ಒಂಜಿ ಗುಂಪು 1,500 ಸೈನಿಕೆರೆನ್ ನಿಯೋಜಿಸಯೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೊಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ವಿರೋಧಿ ಪಡೆಕ್ಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಘರ್ಷಣೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಬೊಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ನಕುಲು ಸೋತುದು, ನೂದೆಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಸೈನಿಕೆರ್ ಸೈತೆರ್, ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ತಪ್ಪಾದ್ ಪೋಯೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Тpипольская трагедия|url=https://www.hrono.ru/sobyt/1900sob/1919tripol.php|accessdate=2024-07-21|website=www.hrono.ru}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Трипольский поход|url=https://www.booksite.ru/fulltext/1/001/008/112/221.htm|accessdate=2024-07-21|website=www.booksite.ru}}</ref> == ಮಾಧ್ಯಮೊಡು == ''ಟ್ರೈಪಿಲಿಯಾ ಟ್ರಾಜೆಡಿ'' ( ''Трипольская трагедия'' ) ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಸಿನಿಮಾನ್ 1926ಡ್ ಈ ಘರ್ಷಣೆದ ಘಟನೆಲೆನ್ ಆಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತ್ದ್ ಚಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} 2tiaibm6i48ns322lt342592smu8omr 366853 366849 2026-08-24T08:18:43Z Pragathi. BH 6361 366853 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯನ್ ದುರಂತ''' ( ರಷ್ಯನ್ :Трипольская трагедия) ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲಾ ಲೆಪ್ಪುನ '''ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯನ್ ಘಟನೆ''' 1919ತ ಅರೆಗಾಲಡ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಬೊಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ವಿರೋಧಿ ಪಡೆಕುಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೊಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ಕೀವ್ ಗ್ಯಾರಿಸನ್ ಮೊಕ್ಲೆನ ನಡುಟು ನಡತ್ಂಡ್.{{Campaignbox Ukrainian-Soviet War}} == ಪಿನ್ನೆಲೆ == ಒಂಜಿ ರಡ್ಡ್ ತಿಂಗೊಲು ದುಂಬು, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ [[ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಬಂಗಾಳ|ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ]] ದಿಕ್ಕುದ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಕೆಂಪು ಸೈನ್ಯ ಕೀವ್ ನ್ ವಶೊಕು ದೆತೊಂಡೆರ್ . ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಲು ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊಡ್ದ್ ದುಃಖೊಡು ಇತ್ತೆರ್,ಈ ಅಸಮಾಧಾನ ಕ್ರಮೇಣ ಕೀವ್‌ರ್ದ್ ಸುಮಾರು 50 ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ ದೂರೊಡು ನಡತ್ನ ಸಶಸ್ತ್ರ ದಂಗೆಗ್ ಕಾರಣ ಆಂಡ್. == ಈ ಘಟನೆ == 1919ರ ಜೂನ್ 28ತಾನಿ, [[ಕೀವ್ ಕೋಟೆ|ಕೀವ್]] ಕೈತಲ್ದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಬೋಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ವಿರೋಧಿ ಗುಂಪೊಂಜೆನ್ ಸೋಲ್ಪಾವುನ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊರ್ದ್ ಬೋಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ಸೈನ್ಯದ ಒಂದು ಘಟಕೊನು ಟ್ರಿಪಿಲಿಯಾಗ್ ಕಡಪುರ್ಯೇರ್.ಕೀವ್ ದ ಸಮೀಪೊಡು ಕಮ್ಯುನಿಸ್ಟ್ ವಿರೋಧಿಲೆನ ಮಲ್ಲ ಗುಂಪುಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಗುಂಪುನ್ ಲಿಕ್ವಿಡೇಟ್ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ. ಒಂಜಿ ಗುಂಪು 1,500 ಸೈನಿಕೆರೆನ್ ನಿಯೋಜಿಸಯೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೊಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ವಿರೋಧಿ ಪಡೆಕ್ಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಘರ್ಷಣೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಬೊಲ್ಶೆವಿಕ್ ನಕುಲು ಸೋತುದು, ನೂದೆಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಸೈನಿಕೆರ್ ಸೈತೆರ್, ಕೆಲವೆರ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ತಪ್ಪಾದ್ ಪೋಯೆರ್. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Тpипольская трагедия|url=https://www.hrono.ru/sobyt/1900sob/1919tripol.php|accessdate=2024-07-21|website=www.hrono.ru}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Трипольский поход|url=https://www.booksite.ru/fulltext/1/001/008/112/221.htm|accessdate=2024-07-21|website=www.booksite.ru}}</ref> == ಮಾಧ್ಯಮೊಡು == ''[[ಟ್ರೈಪಿಲಿಯಾ]] ಟ್ರಾಜೆಡಿ'' ( ''Трипольская трагедия'' ) ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಸಿನಿಮಾನ್ 1926ಡ್ ಈ ಘರ್ಷಣೆದ ಘಟನೆಲೆನ್ ಆಧಾರ ಮಲ್ತ್ದ್ ಚಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಖೊಲು == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} kvq51j8m60cvzmiwvdhv8cx0l1675u3 0 28170 366855 2026-08-24T08:22:06Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 ಹೊಸ ಪುಟ: {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | name = ಝೋವ್ಕ್ವಾ – ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾ | image = Zolkiew Cerkiew Pr Trojce 02.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | caption = ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾ | location = [[ಝೋವ್ಕ್ವಾ]], [[ಲ್ವಿವ್ ರಾಯನ್]], ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್... 366855 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | name = ಝೋವ್ಕ್ವಾ – ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾ | image = Zolkiew Cerkiew Pr Trojce 02.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | caption = ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾ | location = [[ಝೋವ್ಕ್ವಾ]], [[ಲ್ವಿವ್ ರಾಯನ್]], [[ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]], [[ಉಕ್ರೇನ್]] | part_of = [[ಪೋಲಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕಾರ್ಪಾಥಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಮರದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾಸ್]] | criteria = (iii), (iv) | ID = 1424-016 | coordinates = {{coord|50|3|19.22|N|23|58|55.97|E|display=title,inline|format=dms}} | year = 2013 | area = {{convert|0.25|ha|acre|abbr=on}} | buffer_zone = {{convert|1.06|ha|acre|abbr=on}} }} '''ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾ''' ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್‌ದ ಝೋವ್ಕ್ವಾಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಮರದ ಚರ್ಚ್. ಈ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾನು ೧೭೨೦ಡ್, ೧೭೧೭ಡ್ ಪೊತ್ತುದು ಪೋಯಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಪರತ್ತ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಉಂದು ಪೋಲಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕಾರ್ಪಾಥಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಮರೊದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾಸ್ ಪಂಡಿನ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣದ ೧೬ ಘಟಕೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1424 |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en }}</ref> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾನು ೧೭೨೦ಡ್ ಪೊತ್ತುದು ಪೋಯಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಪರತ್ತ್ ಪ್ರಯಾಣಿಕ ಈ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನು ನಗರೊದ ಗೋಡೆಲೆನ ಪೊರ್ತು, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ದ್ವಾರೊದ ಪೊರ್ತು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮರದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಶಿಂಗಲ್‌ಡ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿದ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಉಲ್ಲೇಕ ಮಂದೆರ್<ref>{{Cite book |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |year=2013 |page=167 }}</ref> ೧೭೬೩ಡ್ ಫಾದರ್ ಮೈಕೊಲಾ ಶಾದುರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನು ಭೇಟಿ ಮಲ್ತ್, ಕಟ್ಟಡೊದ ರಚನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಯಿತ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಅಲಂಕಾರೊಲೆನ ವಿವರೊನು ದಾಖಲ ಮಲ್ತಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಅಯಿತ್ ಮರದ ಅಡಿಪಾಯ, ಪೈನ್ ಮರೊದ ಗೋಡೆ, ಮೂಜಿ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು, ಕಿಟಕಿಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಉಲ್ಲೇಕ ಉಂಡು.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |year=2013 |page=167 }}</ref> == ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ == ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾ '''ಹಾಲಿಚ್ ಮಾದರಿದ''' ಮರದ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಆಂಡ್. ಕಟ್ಟಡೊನು ಸಮತಲ ರೀತಿಡ್ ಜೋಡಿಸುನ ಮರದ ದಿಮ್ಮಿಲೆಡ್ದ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ. ಉಂದು ಮೂಜಿ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಒಳಗೊಂಡ ಒಂಜಿ ತ್ರಿಭಾಗೀಯ ಯೋಜನೆದ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಆದುಂಡು. ಮಧ್ಯದ ನಾವ್ ಚೌಕಾಕಾರದ ಆಕಾರೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಗರ್ಭಗುಡಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನಾರ್ಥೆಕ್ಸ್ ಮಧ್ಯದ ಭಾಗೊಗಿಂತ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಅಗಲ ಇಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮೂಜಿ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಮೇಲ್ ಬೆಳಕು ಬರ್ಪುನ ಅಷ್ಟಭುಜಾಕಾರದ ರಚನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಣ್ಣ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಮೂರು ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು ಉಂಡು.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |year=2013 |page=167 }}</ref> ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಮರದ ರಚನೆಗ್ ಜಟಿಲವಾಯಿನ ಮರೊದ ಜೋಡಣೆ ತಂತ್ರ ಬಳಸಾದೆರ್. ಈ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊ ಕಾರ್ಪಾಥಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಮರದ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊನು ತೋರ್ಪುಂಡು. UNESCOದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಈ ರೀತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾಸ್‌ಲು ಪೂರ್ವ ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪೊನು ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಜೋಡಿಸುನ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಲು.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1424 |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en }}</ref> == ಐಕನೊಸ್ತಾಸಿಸ್ == ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಉಲಯಿದ ಭಾಗೊಡು ೧೮ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಸುರುಟು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಯಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಐಕನೊಸ್ತಾಸಿಸ್ ಉಂಡು. ಅಯಿತ್ ಸುಮಾರ್ '''೫೦ ಐಕಾನ್‌ಲು''' ಉಂಡು. ಈ ಐಕಾನ್‌ಲು ಇವಾನ್ ರುಟ್ಕೊವಿಚ್‌ದ ಝೋವ್ಕ್ವಾ ಪೇಂಟಿಂಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾರ್ವಿಂಗ್ ಸ್ಕೂಲ್‌ಗ್ ಸಂಬಂಧಪಟ್ಟ ಕಲಾವಿದೆರ್ನ ಕೈತೋಡುದ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆತುಂಡು. ಐಕನೊಸ್ತಾಸಿಸ್‌ನು ಇಗ್ನಾಟಿ ಸ್ಟೊಬೆನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಲಿಂಡೆನ್ ಮರೊಡ್ದ್ ಕೆತ್ತನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೯೭೮–೧೯೭೯ಡ್ ಐಕನೊಸ್ತಾಸಿಸ್‌ಗ್ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |year=2013 |page=167 }}</ref> == ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ == ೧೯೭೮–೧೯೭೯ಡ್ ಐಕನೊಸ್ತಾಸಿಸ್‌ದ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ. ಈ ಕೆಲಸೊದ ಪೂರೈಕೆದ ಪುದರ್, ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನು ಝೋವ್ಕ್ವಾ ಕಲೆದ ಒಂಜಿ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಆತ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತಿತ್ತೆರ್. ೧೯೯೦ರ ದಶಕದ ಮಧ್ಯಭಾಗಡ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನು ಪಿರಾವು ತನ್ನ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸಮುದಾಯಗ್ ಒಪ್ಪಿಸಾಯೆ. ಅಯಿತ್ ನಂತರ ಛಾವಣಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲೆಗ್ ಪೊಸ ಶಿಂಗಲ್‌ಲು ಪಾಡಾಯೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಐಕನೊಸ್ತಾಸಿಸ್‌ದ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮುಂದುವರಿಸಾಯೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |year=2013 |page=167 }}</ref> ೨೦೨೬ಡ್ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಕೇಂದ್ರವು ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಗೋಡೆಚಿತ್ರೊಲೆನ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುನಃಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗ್ ಅಮೆರಿಕನ್ ಡಾಲರ್ ೧೬,೮೬೯ದ ನೆರವು ಅನುಮೋದನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಈ ಯೋಜನೆ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನು ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಮಹತ್ವದ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಕಾರ್ಯೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Conservation and restoration of the wall paintings of the UNESCO World Heritage Property - Holy Trinity Church in Zhovkva |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/intassistance/3648/ |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en }}</ref> == ಇತ್ತೆದ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಸ್ಥಿತಿ == ಇತ್ತೆ ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಗ್ರೀಕ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್‌ದ ಸಮುದಾಯಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದುಂಡು. ಚರ್ಚ್‌ನು ಇಂದೆಗೂ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಮಹತ್ವ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಕಟ್ಟಡ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾದೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1424 |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en }}</ref> == UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ == ೨೧ ಜೂನ್ ೨೦೧೩ಡ್ ಕಂಬೋಡಿಯಾಡ್ ನಡತಿನ UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸಮಿತಿದ ೩೭ನೇ ಅಧಿವೇಶನೊಡು '''ಪೋಲಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಕಾರ್ಪಾಥಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಮರದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾಸ್''' ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಪಟ್ಟಿಗ್ ಸೇರಾದೆರ್. ಈ ಸರಣಿ ತಾಣೊಡು ಒಟ್ಟು '''೧೬ ಮರದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾಸ್''' ಉಂಡು. ಅಯಿಟ್ ಝೋವ್ಕ್ವಾದ ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾಗ್ '''1424-016''' ಗುರುತು ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1424 |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en }}</ref> ಈ ಘಟಕೊದ ವಿಸ್ತೀರ್ಣ '''0.25 ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್''' ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಫರ್ ವಲಯದ ವಿಸ್ತೀರ್ಣ '''1.06 ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್''' ಆಂಡ್. ಉಂದೆತ ಭೌಗೋಳಿಕ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕೊ {{coord|50|3|19.22|N|23|58|55.97|E|display=inline}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine – Maps |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1424/maps/ |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en }}</ref> ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊನು UNESCOದ '''(iii) ಬೊಕ್ಕ (iv)''' ಮಾನದಂಡೊಲೆನ ಆಧಾರಡ್ ಸೇರಾಯೆ. (iii) ಮಾನದಂಡೊಡು ಕಾರ್ಪಾಥಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆಗ್ ಈ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾಸ್‌ಲು ಕೊರ್ತಿನ ಸಾಕ್ಷ್ಯೊನು ಗುರುತಿಸಾಯೆ; (iv) ಮಾನದಂಡೊಡು ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ಮರದ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣದ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಹಂತೊನು ತೋರ್ಪುನ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಲೆನ ಗುಂಪು ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸಾದೆರ್.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1424 |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en }}</ref> == ವಿಸ್ತೀರ್ಣ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಾನ == ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್‌ದ ಝೋವ್ಕ್ವಾಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಇದು ಲ್ವಿವ್ ರಾಯನ್‌ದ ಭಾಗ ಆಂಡ್. ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾದ UNESCO ಗುರುತಿಸಿದ ಆಸ್ತಿದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ನಿರ್ದೇಶಾಂಕೊ '''50°3′19.22″N 23°58′55.97″E'''. ಆಸ್ತಿದ ವಿಸ್ತೀರ್ಣ 0.25 ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಫರ್ ವಲಯ 1.06 ಹೆಕ್ಟೇರ್.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine – Maps |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1424/maps/ |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en }}</ref> == ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆದ ಮಹತ್ವ == ಪವಿತ್ರ ತ್ರಿಮೂರ್ತಿದ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾ ಕಾರ್ಪಾಥಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶದ ಮರದ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಒಂಜಿ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಉದಾಹರಣೆ. ಮರದ ದಿಮ್ಮಿಲೆನ್ ಬಳಕೆ, ಮೂಜಿ ಭಾಗದ ಯೋಜನೆ, ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊಲು, ಐಕನೊಸ್ತಾಸಿಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಳಾಂಗಣದ ಅಲಂಕಾರೊಲು ಈ ಕಟ್ಟಡದ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಮಹತ್ವೊನು ಹೆಚ್ಚಿಸಾವುಂಡು. UNESCOದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಕಾರ್ಪಾಥಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಈ ೧೬ ಟ್ಸೆರ್ಕ್ವಾಸ್‌ಲು ಪೂರ್ವ ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಧಾರ್ಮಿಕ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪದ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊನು ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ವಾಸ್ತುಶಿಲ್ಪ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಲೆನ ಸಾಂಸ್ಕೃತಿಕ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆನ್ ಜೋಡಿಸುನ ಅಪರೂಪದ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಲು ಆದುಂಡು.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Wooden Tserkvas of the Carpathian Region in Poland and Ukraine |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1424 |access-date=2026-08-24 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en }}</ref> == ಚಿತ್ರೊ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ == <gallery mode="packed" heights="170"> File:Bell tower of Holy Trinity Church, Zhovkva (01).jpg|ಗಂಟೆಗೋಪುರ File:Holy Trinity Church Zhovkva St.Michael.jpg|ಸಂತ ಮೈಕಲ್‌ದ ಪ್ರತಿಮೆ File:Holy Trinity Church Zhovkva Holy Doors.JPG|ಪವಿತ್ರ ದ್ವಾರೊಲು File:Holy Trinity Church Zhovkva Iconostasis.JPG|ಐಕನೊಸ್ತಾಸಿಸ್ File:Holy Trinity Church Zhovkva Edessa Image.jpg|ಮಂಡೈಲಿಯನ್ File:Жовква панорама інтерєру.jpg|ಒಳಾಂಗಣದ ವಿಹಂಗಮ ನೋಟ File:Жовква 2, панорама інтерєру.jpg|ಒಳಾಂಗಣದ ಇನ್ನೊಂದು ವಿಹಂಗಮ ನೋಟ </gallery> == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Churches in Zhovkva]] [[Category:Wooden tserkvas of Carpathian region in Poland and Ukraine]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Ukraine]] [[Category:Churches completed in 1720]] [[Category:Ukrainian Catholic church buildings in Ukraine]] [[Category:1720 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:Wooden churches in Ukraine]] 453jwjm8vgno7ro7ilxp6lma3q4ghsi 0 28171 366858 2026-08-24T08:50:41Z Sannidhishetty 9770 ಹೊಸ ಪುಟ: ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾ ಪಂಡ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ನಗರ, ಉಂದು ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ (ಪ್ರದೇಶ) ದ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ರೇಯಾನ್ ಡ್ ಎಚ್09 ಡ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಆಗ್ನೇಯೊಗು ಸುಮಾರ್ 29 ಕಿ.ಮೀ ದೂರೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಹ್ರೊಮಾಡಾಲ... 366858 wikitext text/x-wiki ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾ ಪಂಡ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ನಗರ, ಉಂದು ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ (ಪ್ರದೇಶ) ದ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ರೇಯಾನ್ ಡ್ ಎಚ್09 ಡ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಆಗ್ನೇಯೊಗು ಸುಮಾರ್ 29 ಕಿ.ಮೀ ದೂರೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಹ್ರೊಮಾಡಾಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಯಿನ ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾ ಅರ್ಬನ್ ಹ್ರೊಮಾಡಾದ ಆಡಳಿತೊನು ಆತಿಥ್ಯ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref>https://gromada.info/ru/obschina/bibrska/</ref> ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಸುಮಾರ್ 3,761 (2022 ಅಂದಾಜಿ).<ref>http://db.ukrcensus.gov.ua/PXWEB2007/ukr/publ_new1/2022/zb_%D0%A1huselnist.pdf</ref> ಈ ಊರುನು ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ರಾಜ್ಯ, ಪೋಲಿಷ್-ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯನ್ ಕಾಮನ್ ವೆಲ್ತ್, ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ, ಗಲಿಸಿಯಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲೋಡೊಮೆರಿಯಾ ರಾಜ್ಯ, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ, ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟೊಲು ವಿವಿಧ ಕಡೆಟ್ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದು ಬೈದೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಇತ್ತೆ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ದ ಭಾಗ ಆತ್ಂಡ್; ಫಲಿತಾಂಶವಾದ್ ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾಗ್ ಕೆಲವು ಅಧಿಕೃತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಪುದರ್ ಲು ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದೆಟ್: ಬೊಬ್ರ್ಕಾ (ಪೋಲಿಷ್), ಬೊಬ್ರ್ಕಾ (ರಷ್ಯನ್), ಪ್ರಾಚ್ನಿಕ್ (ಜರ್ಮನ್), ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೊಯಿಬೆರಿಕ್/ಬೊಯ್ಬರ್ಕೆ (ಯಿಡ್ಡಿಶ್). ಈ ನಗರೊಡು ೩,೯೮೦ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಉಂಡು. ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾ ಪಂಡ 20ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮಧ್ಯೊಡು ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ಬಂಧಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಜೈಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಂಧನ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊದ ಜಾಗೆ. ಈ ನಗರೊನು ಸುರುಕು 1211 ಗಲಿಸಿಯನ್-ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ರಾನಿಕಲ್ ಡ್ ಸ್ಟಾರಾ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನೋವಾ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ನೆರೆಕರೆತ ಊರುಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ನದಿನ್ ಲಾ ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ಬೊಬೆರ್ಕಾ (ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ) ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಭಾಗೊನುಲಾ ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅರ್ಥಾತ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ರಸ್ ಡ್ ಬೀವರ್ ಲೆನ್ ಬೇಟೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಬೇತೆ ಮೂಲೊಲು 1211ಡ್ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ನದಿ ಮಾತ್ರ ಅತ್ತ್ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ನಗರೊನು ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ವಾದ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1436 ಡ್ ಕುಟ್ನೋಡ್ದ್ ವ್ನುಚೆಕ್ ನ ಸ್ವಾಧೀನೊಡು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ವಸಾಹತುನ್ ಸುರುಕು ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ವಸಾಹತು ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ರಾಜೆನ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯಾದ ಗ್ರ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಡಚಿದ ಭಾಗವಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಕರಕುಶಲ ಕಲಾವಿದೆರ್ - ಟ್ಯಾನರ್ಸ್, ನೇಯ್ಗೆರ್, ಶೂ ಮಲ್ಪುನಕುಲು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಿಲು - ರಾಜನ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಯಾದ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಸ್ಟಾರೊಸ್ಟಾಗ್ ತೆರಿಗೆ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾನ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸರ್ತಿ ಫ್ಯೂಡಲ್ ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಲೆಗ್ ಗುತ್ತಿಗೆಗ್ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. ೧೩೫೩ ಡ್ದ್ ೧೩೬೬ ಮುಟ್ಟ, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ವೃತ್ತಾಂತೊಡು ಬೊಬ್ರೊಕ್-ವೊಲಿನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ನ ವೊಯಿವೊಡ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಕೊರಿಯಾಟೊವಿಚ್ ರಾಜವಂಶೊದ ಡಿಮಿಟ್ರೊ ಕೊರಿಯಾಟೊವಿಚ್ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ನದಿತ ತೀರೊಡು ಜಮಿನ್ ನ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಭೂಮಿಲು ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯಾದ ಗ್ರ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಲಿಯುಬಾರ್ಟಾಸ್ ನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಅವಲಂಬಿತವಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಡಿಮಿಟ್ರೊ ಕೊರಿಯಾಟೊವಿಚ್ ಒರಿ ವಸಾಹತು ಆದ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಜಮೀನುಲೆಡ್ ಆರ್ ಬೊಬ್ರೊಕ್ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಸಾಧ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದೆಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಊರು ಪುಟ್ಟುಂಡ್. ಡಿಮಿಟ್ರೊ ಮಾಸ್ಕೋದ ಗ್ರ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಡಿಮಿಟ್ರಿ ಡೊನ್ಸ್ಕೊಯ್ ನ ಅಕ್ಕ ಅಣ್ಣಾನ್ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯೆರ್. ಈ ಮದಿಮೆದ ನಂತರ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ದಿ ಡ್ರ್ಯಾಗನ್ ಸ್ಲೇಯರ್ ನ ಚಿಹ್ನೆ ಮಾಸ್ಕೋದ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆರೆನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಾಸ್ಕೋದ ಚಿಹ್ನೆ ಆಂಡ್. ರಷ್ಯಾದ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆರೆನ ವೊಲಿನಿಯನ್ ಶಾಖೆ ಡಿಮೈಟ್ರೊ ಕೊರಿಯಾಟೊವಿಚ್ ನ ವಂಶೊಡು ಬತ್ತಿನವು. [[File:Bobrka coa 1569.png|left|thumb|೧೫೬೯ಡ್ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕದ ಕೋಟ್ ಆಫ್ ಆರ್ಮ್ಸ್]] ವೊಲೊಡಿಮಿರ್ ಕೊರ್ಮಿಲ್ಚಿಚ್ ನ್ ಲಾ ಈ ನಗರೊದ ಸಂಭಾವ್ಯ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕೆರ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸವೆರ್. ೧೪೬೯ಡ್, ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ಕ್ಯಾಸಿಮಿರ್ IV ಜಗಿಯೆಲ್ಲನ್ ನ ಸವಲತ್ತುಡ್ದ್ ಮ್ಯಾಗ್ಡೆಬರ್ಗ್ ಹಕ್ಕುಲೆನ್ ಪಡೆಯೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಪ್ರತಿ ಮಂಗಳವಾರೊಗು ರಡ್ಡ್ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕ ಜಾತ್ರೆಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಾರೊದ ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆಲೆನ್ ಅನುಮತಿಸವುಂಡು. ಈ ಸೌಲಭ್ಯೊನು ಸಿಗಿಸ್ಮಂಡ್ II ಆಗಸ್ಟಸ್ 1569ಡ್ ದೃಢಪಡಿಸಯೆರ್, ಆರ್ ಮೂಜಿನೆ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕ ಜಾತ್ರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆಲೆನ್ ಮಂಗಳವಾರೊಗು ಮಾತ್ರ ಅತ್ತ್ ಶನಿವಾರೊಗುಲಾ ಅನುಮತಿ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ಊರುದ ಜನಕುಲು ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಸ್ವಂತ ಸೇವನೆಗ್ ಬಿಯರ್ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆಲಾ ಅನುಮತಿ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ೧೪೭೪ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಬೆಂಕಿ ಬಹುತೇಕ ಇಡೀ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ನಗರೊನು ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಅಯಿಕ್ ಕಾರಣ, ಸರ್ಕಾರ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾನ್ 10 ವರ್ಸೊಗು ತೆರಿಗೆಡ್ದ್ ವಿನಾಯಿತಿ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು. ೧೫೦೨ಡ್, ಟರ್ಕಿಶ್-ತಾತಾರ್ ದಂಡೊಲು ನಗರೊನು ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾದ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೫೧೫ ದ ತೆರಿಗೆ ನೋಂದಣಿಡ್, ನಗರೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಗಿರಣಿನ್ ದಾಖಲಾತ್ಂಡ್, ಒರಿ ಪಾದ್ರಿನೊಟ್ಟುಗು, ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ದುಂಬೇ ಒಂಜಿ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನೆನ್ ಸೂಚಿಸವುಂಡು. ತಾತಾರ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ನಾಶ ಆಯಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ ೧೫೧೮ ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ ೧೦ ತಾರೀಕ್ ಗ್ ಈ ನಗರೊನು ೬ ವರ್ಸೊಗು ತೆರಿಗೆ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನೆಡ್ದ್ ವಿನಾಯಿತಿ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ಜನವರಿ ೧೩, ೧೫೩೦ಡ್, ನಗರ, ಸೆರ್ನಿಕಿ, ಲಾನಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಿಯಾಟ್ನಿಚಾನಿ ಗ್ರಾಮೊಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು, ಪೀಟರ್ ವೆಂಗ್ಲಿವ್ಸ್ಕಿನ ವಿಧವೆ ಅಣ್ಣಾ ವೆಂಗ್ಲಿವ್ಸ್ಕಾನ ಜೀವನಪೂರ್ತಿ ಸ್ವಾಧೀನೊಗು ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಆಂಡ್. ೧೬೦೫ ಡ್ದ್ ೧೬೩೩ ಮುಟ್ಟ, ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ಸೇರ್ದಿನ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, ೧೬೧೨-೧೬೨೪ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೬೨೬ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ೨೮ ವರ್ಷೊಡ್ ೧೪ ಸರ್ತಿ ತಾತಾರ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ನಾಶ ಆಂಡ್. ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ಈ ನಾಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸಮಯೊಗು ಚೇತರಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳೆರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಯಿಜಿ: ೧೬೨೧ಡ್ ರಾಜಮನೆತನೊಡು ಫೋರೇಜರ್ಸ್ ಗ್ ಏರ್ಲಾ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆನ್ ಕಂಡುಕೊನೆರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಯಿಜಿ. ೧೬೩೮ಡ್, ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ಸೆಜ್ಮ್ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ಬಹುತೇಕ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾದ್ ಕುಸಿತ್ಂಡ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಗುರುತಿಸಯೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮತ್ತೆ ಅಯಿತ ನಿವಾಸಿಲೆನ್ ೪ ವರ್ಷೊಗು ತೆರಿಗೆ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನೆಡ್ದ್ ವಿನಾಯಿತಿ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ಏಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೨೮, ೧೬೪೩ಡ್, ರಾಜೆ ವ್ಲಾಡಿಸ್ಲಾವ್ IV ವಾಸಾ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ನಗರೊದ ಅರ್ಧೊಗು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲಾನಿ, ಲ್ಯಾಂಕಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಿಯಾಟ್ನಿಚಾನಿ ಗ್ರಾಮೊಲೆಗ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಸ್ಟೋಲ್ನಿಕ್ ಸ್ಟಾನಿಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಕೊವಾಲ್ಸ್ಕಿಗ್ "ಜೀವನ ಸ್ವಾಧೀನ"ದ ಹಕ್ಕ್ ನ್ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ಜೂನ್ ೨೦, ೧೬೪೩ಡ್, ಆರ್ ಈ ಹಕ್ಕ್ ನ್ ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ರೆಜಿನಾ ಟ್ಶ್ಯೆಬೆನ್ಸ್ಕಾಗ್ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ೧೬೪೮ಡ್ ಕೊಸಾಕ್ ಸೈನಿಕೆರ್ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾಗ್ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನಗ, ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಶೂಮೇಕರ್ಸ್ ಗಿಲ್ಡ್ ಅಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ೮೦ ಜೋಡಿ ಬೂಟುಲೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಫರ್ರಿಯರ್ಸ್ ಅಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ೬೦ ಫರ್ ಕೋಟ್ ಲೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ಪೋಲಿಷ್-ಸ್ವೀಡಿಷ್ ಯುದ್ಧ (೧೬೫೫-೧೬೬೦) ನಗರೊನು ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಕುಸಿತೊಗು ತೂಪಾಂಡ್. ೧೬೬೧ ದ ದಾಸ್ತಾನು ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಯುದ್ಧೊಗು ದುಂಬು ೧೫೦ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಇತ್ತ್ ಂಡ, ನಗರೊಡು ೨೬ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೭೬೫ಡ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ೩೦೦ ಗ್ ಏರ್ಂಡ್. ಅಂಚನೆ, ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾಡ್ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಸ್ವಂತ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಇಜ್ಜಂದಿನ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಇತ್ತೆರ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಹಲುಪ್ನಿಕಿ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ೧೭೭೨ಡ್ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ದ ಸುರುತ ವಿಭಜನೆಡ್ದ್ ೧೯೧೮ ಮುಟ್ಟ, ಈ ಊರು ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ರಾಜಪ್ರಭುತ್ವೊದ ಭಾಗವಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೬೭ಡ್ ರಾಜಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯಾ-ಹಂಗೇರಿದ ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಭಾಗೊದ ಭಾಗವಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಉಂದು ಬೊಬ್ರ್ಕಾ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದ ಸ್ಥಾನವಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಉಂದು ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯೊದ ೭೮ ಬೆಜಿರ್ಕ್ಶಾಪ್ಟ್ಮನ್ಶಾಫ್ಟೆನ್ (ಕಿರೀಟ) ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ೧೯೦೦. ೧೯೨೧ಡ್ ರಿಗಾ ಶಾಂತಿ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಈ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯೊದ ಭವಿಷ್ಯೊನು ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಷ್ಯಾ ನಡುಟು ವಿವಾದ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೭೭೪ಡ್, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಸ್ಟಾರೊಸ್ಟಾ ಮಿಲ್ಬಾಚರ್ ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ಒರಿಲಾ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕೆರ್ ಇಜ್ಜೆರ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬರೆಯೆರ್. ೧೭೯೦ಡ್, ಈ ನಗರೊನು ಕೌಂಟ್ ಸ್ಕಾರ್ಬೆಕ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಒರಿ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಮ್ಯಾಗ್ನೇಟ್ ಸ್ವಾಧೀನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೭೯೦ ದಶಕೊಡು, ಸುರುತ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಲು ತೆರೆಯೆರ್: ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷದ (ತುಚ್ಛ) ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೂಜಿ ವರ್ಷದ (ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ) ಶಾಲೆಲು. ೧೮೪೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾಡ್ ೩,೦೦೦ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಅಲ್ಪ ಒಂಜಿ ಜವಳಿ ಕಾರ್ಖಾನೆ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾಡ್, ಚಾಯ್ಕೊವ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕುಟುಂಬೊಗು ಸೇರ್ದಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಎಸ್ಟೇಟ್ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ವಿಶೇಷವಾದ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ವಕೀಲೆರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಚಾಯ್ಕೊವ್ಸ್ಕಿಗ್. ನಗರೊಡು, ರಡ್ಡ್ ಸಿನಗಾಗ್ ಲೆನ ಅವಶೇಷೊಲೆನ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಒಂಜಿ, ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ಸಿನಗೊಗ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನವು, 1821ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್. ಉಂದು ನಗರೊದ ಮಧ್ಯ ಭಾಗೊಡು, ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ ಚೌಕೊದ ಉತ್ತರೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಮಲ್ಲ ಸಿನಗಾಗ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಬಹುತೇಕ ಹಾಳಾದ್ ಪೋತುಂಡು. ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ ಚೌಕೊದ ಉತ್ತರೊಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ಸಿನಗಾಗ್ ದ ಪೂರ್ವೊಡು ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆದ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು 19ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮಧ್ಯೊಡು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ನಗರ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮೊಡು, ಸೇತುವೆದ ಎದುರುಡು, ಸುಮಾರ್ 20 ಮ್ಯಾಟ್ಜೆವೊಟ್ ಉಳಿಯಿನ ಒಂಜಿ 18ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಸ್ಮಶಾನ ಉಂಡು. ೧೮೫೧ಡ್ ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾಡ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಸಿನಗಾಗ್ ಲು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೩, ೧೯೧೮ಡ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಪೀಪಲ್ಸ್ ರಿಪಬ್ಲಿಕ್ ದ ಸರ್ಕಾರದ ಕ್ರಮೊಕುಲೆನ್ ಬೆಂಬಲಿಸವುನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ನಗರೊಡು "ರಾಜ್ಯತ್ವ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಶಾಂತಿದ ಆಚರಣೆ" ವೆಚೆ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. ಸುಮಾರ್ 20,000 ಜನ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯೆರ್. ೧೯೪೧ ದ ಮಧ್ಯೊಡು, ಸುಮಾರ್ ೨,೦೦೦ ಯೆಹೂದಿಲು ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾಡ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಜೂನ್ ೩೦, ೧೯೪೧ಡ್ ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಲು ಈ ಊರುನು ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೯೪೨ಡ್, ಬೆಲ್ಜೆಕ್ ನಿರ್ನಾಮ ಶಿಬಿರೊಗು ಗಡಿಪಾರ್ ಮಲ್ಪಂದಿನ ಉಳಿಯಿನ ೧,೫೦೦ - ೧,೯೦೦ ಯೆಹೂದಿಲೆಗ್ ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಲು ಒಂಜಿ ಘೆಟ್ಟೊನ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಸುಮಾರ್ 300 ಯೆಹೂದಿಲು ಕಾಯಿಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅನಾರೋಗ್ಯೊಡ್ದ್ ಘೆಟ್ಟೊಡು ಸೈತೆರ್. ಏಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೧೩, ೧೯೪೩ಡ್ ಘೆಟ್ಟೊನು ಲಿಕ್ವಿಡೇಟ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅಯಿಟ್ ೧,೩೦೦ ಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಯೆಹೂದಿಲೆನ್ ಸಮೀಪದ ವೊಲೊವೆ ಗ್ರಾಮೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ಕೊಲೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊನು ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ ೧೯೪೫ಡ್ ಸ್ವಾಧೀನ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಜುಲೈ ೧೮, ೨೦೨೦ ಮುಟ್ಟ, ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾ ಪೆರೆಮಿಶ್ಲಿಯಾನಿ ರೈಯನ್ ಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಆಡಳಿತ ಸುಧಾರಣೆದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ಜುಲೈ ೨೦೨೦ಡ್ ಈ ರಾಯನ್ ನ್ ರದ್ದು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ದ ರಾಯನ್ ಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ ಏಳ್ ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಪೆರೆಮಿಶ್ಲಿಯಾನಿ ರಾಯನ್ ದ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊನು ಲ್ವಿವ್ ರಾಯನ್ ಗ್ ಸೇರಾಯೆರ್. 5qpq019ias9ekodjcwwhpwapy0oz2hj 366859 366858 2026-08-24T08:52:12Z Sannidhishetty 9770 Sannidhishetty, ಪುಟೊ [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Sannidhishetty/ಕಲ್ಪುನಕಳ]] ನ್ [[ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾ]] ಗ್ ಕಡಪುಡಿಯೆರ್: made correction 366858 wikitext text/x-wiki ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾ ಪಂಡ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ನಗರ, ಉಂದು ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ (ಪ್ರದೇಶ) ದ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ರೇಯಾನ್ ಡ್ ಎಚ್09 ಡ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಆಗ್ನೇಯೊಗು ಸುಮಾರ್ 29 ಕಿ.ಮೀ ದೂರೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಹ್ರೊಮಾಡಾಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಯಿನ ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾ ಅರ್ಬನ್ ಹ್ರೊಮಾಡಾದ ಆಡಳಿತೊನು ಆತಿಥ್ಯ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು.<ref>https://gromada.info/ru/obschina/bibrska/</ref> ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಸುಮಾರ್ 3,761 (2022 ಅಂದಾಜಿ).<ref>http://db.ukrcensus.gov.ua/PXWEB2007/ukr/publ_new1/2022/zb_%D0%A1huselnist.pdf</ref> ಈ ಊರುನು ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ರಾಜ್ಯ, ಪೋಲಿಷ್-ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯನ್ ಕಾಮನ್ ವೆಲ್ತ್, ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ, ಗಲಿಸಿಯಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲೋಡೊಮೆರಿಯಾ ರಾಜ್ಯ, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ, ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟೊಲು ವಿವಿಧ ಕಡೆಟ್ ಆಳ್ವಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದು ಬೈದೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಇತ್ತೆ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ಡ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ದ ಭಾಗ ಆತ್ಂಡ್; ಫಲಿತಾಂಶವಾದ್ ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾಗ್ ಕೆಲವು ಅಧಿಕೃತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಪುದರ್ ಲು ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದೆಟ್: ಬೊಬ್ರ್ಕಾ (ಪೋಲಿಷ್), ಬೊಬ್ರ್ಕಾ (ರಷ್ಯನ್), ಪ್ರಾಚ್ನಿಕ್ (ಜರ್ಮನ್), ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೊಯಿಬೆರಿಕ್/ಬೊಯ್ಬರ್ಕೆ (ಯಿಡ್ಡಿಶ್). ಈ ನಗರೊಡು ೩,೯೮೦ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಉಂಡು. ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾ ಪಂಡ 20ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮಧ್ಯೊಡು ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಜನೊಕುಲೆನ್ ಬಂಧಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಜೈಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಂಧನ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊದ ಜಾಗೆ. ಈ ನಗರೊನು ಸುರುಕು 1211 ಗಲಿಸಿಯನ್-ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ರಾನಿಕಲ್ ಡ್ ಸ್ಟಾರಾ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ನೋವಾ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ನೆರೆಕರೆತ ಊರುಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ನದಿನ್ ಲಾ ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅಂಚನೆ ಬೊಬೆರ್ಕಾ (ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ) ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ಭಾಗೊನುಲಾ ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅರ್ಥಾತ್ ಪ್ರಾಚೀನ ರಸ್ ಡ್ ಬೀವರ್ ಲೆನ್ ಬೇಟೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಜಾಗೆ. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಬೇತೆ ಮೂಲೊಲು 1211ಡ್ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ನದಿ ಮಾತ್ರ ಅತ್ತ್ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ನಗರೊನು ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಪಂದ್ ವಾದ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ 1436 ಡ್ ಕುಟ್ನೋಡ್ದ್ ವ್ನುಚೆಕ್ ನ ಸ್ವಾಧೀನೊಡು ಉಪ್ಪುನ ವಸಾಹತುನ್ ಸುರುಕು ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ವಸಾಹತು ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ರಾಜೆನ ಒಟ್ಟುಗು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯಾದ ಗ್ರ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಡಚಿದ ಭಾಗವಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಕರಕುಶಲ ಕಲಾವಿದೆರ್ - ಟ್ಯಾನರ್ಸ್, ನೇಯ್ಗೆರ್, ಶೂ ಮಲ್ಪುನಕುಲು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಿಲು - ರಾಜನ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿಯಾದ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಸ್ಟಾರೊಸ್ಟಾಗ್ ತೆರಿಗೆ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾನ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸರ್ತಿ ಫ್ಯೂಡಲ್ ಲಾರ್ಡ್ ಲೆಗ್ ಗುತ್ತಿಗೆಗ್ ಕೊರ್ಪೆರ್. ೧೩೫೩ ಡ್ದ್ ೧೩೬೬ ಮುಟ್ಟ, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ವೃತ್ತಾಂತೊಡು ಬೊಬ್ರೊಕ್-ವೊಲಿನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ನ ವೊಯಿವೊಡ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪಡೆಯಿನ ಕೊರಿಯಾಟೊವಿಚ್ ರಾಜವಂಶೊದ ಡಿಮಿಟ್ರೊ ಕೊರಿಯಾಟೊವಿಚ್ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ನದಿತ ತೀರೊಡು ಜಮಿನ್ ನ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಭೂಮಿಲು ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯಾದ ಗ್ರ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಡ್ಯೂಕ್ ಲಿಯುಬಾರ್ಟಾಸ್ ನ ಮಿತ್ತ್ ಅವಲಂಬಿತವಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಡಿಮಿಟ್ರೊ ಕೊರಿಯಾಟೊವಿಚ್ ಒರಿ ವಸಾಹತು ಆದ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಜಮೀನುಲೆಡ್ ಆರ್ ಬೊಬ್ರೊಕ್ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಸಾಧ್ಯತೆ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದೆಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಊರು ಪುಟ್ಟುಂಡ್. ಡಿಮಿಟ್ರೊ ಮಾಸ್ಕೋದ ಗ್ರ್ಯಾಂಡ್ ಪ್ರಿನ್ಸ್ ಡಿಮಿಟ್ರಿ ಡೊನ್ಸ್ಕೊಯ್ ನ ಅಕ್ಕ ಅಣ್ಣಾನ್ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯೆರ್. ಈ ಮದಿಮೆದ ನಂತರ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ದಿ ಡ್ರ್ಯಾಗನ್ ಸ್ಲೇಯರ್ ನ ಚಿಹ್ನೆ ಮಾಸ್ಕೋದ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆರೆನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಾಸ್ಕೋದ ಚಿಹ್ನೆ ಆಂಡ್. ರಷ್ಯಾದ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆರೆನ ವೊಲಿನಿಯನ್ ಶಾಖೆ ಡಿಮೈಟ್ರೊ ಕೊರಿಯಾಟೊವಿಚ್ ನ ವಂಶೊಡು ಬತ್ತಿನವು. [[File:Bobrka coa 1569.png|left|thumb|೧೫೬೯ಡ್ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕದ ಕೋಟ್ ಆಫ್ ಆರ್ಮ್ಸ್]] ವೊಲೊಡಿಮಿರ್ ಕೊರ್ಮಿಲ್ಚಿಚ್ ನ್ ಲಾ ಈ ನಗರೊದ ಸಂಭಾವ್ಯ ಸ್ಥಾಪಕೆರ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪರಿಗಣಿಸವೆರ್. ೧೪೬೯ಡ್, ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ಕ್ಯಾಸಿಮಿರ್ IV ಜಗಿಯೆಲ್ಲನ್ ನ ಸವಲತ್ತುಡ್ದ್ ಮ್ಯಾಗ್ಡೆಬರ್ಗ್ ಹಕ್ಕುಲೆನ್ ಪಡೆಯೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಪ್ರತಿ ಮಂಗಳವಾರೊಗು ರಡ್ಡ್ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕ ಜಾತ್ರೆಲೆನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಾರೊದ ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆಲೆನ್ ಅನುಮತಿಸವುಂಡು. ಈ ಸೌಲಭ್ಯೊನು ಸಿಗಿಸ್ಮಂಡ್ II ಆಗಸ್ಟಸ್ 1569ಡ್ ದೃಢಪಡಿಸಯೆರ್, ಆರ್ ಮೂಜಿನೆ ವಾರ್ಷಿಕ ಜಾತ್ರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆಲೆನ್ ಮಂಗಳವಾರೊಗು ಮಾತ್ರ ಅತ್ತ್ ಶನಿವಾರೊಗುಲಾ ಅನುಮತಿ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ಊರುದ ಜನಕುಲು ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಸ್ವಂತ ಸೇವನೆಗ್ ಬಿಯರ್ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆಲಾ ಅನುಮತಿ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ೧೪೭೪ಡ್, ಒಂಜಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಬೆಂಕಿ ಬಹುತೇಕ ಇಡೀ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ನಗರೊನು ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಅಯಿಕ್ ಕಾರಣ, ಸರ್ಕಾರ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾನ್ 10 ವರ್ಸೊಗು ತೆರಿಗೆಡ್ದ್ ವಿನಾಯಿತಿ ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು. ೧೫೦೨ಡ್, ಟರ್ಕಿಶ್-ತಾತಾರ್ ದಂಡೊಲು ನಗರೊನು ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾದ್ ನಾಶ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೫೧೫ ದ ತೆರಿಗೆ ನೋಂದಣಿಡ್, ನಗರೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಗಿರಣಿನ್ ದಾಖಲಾತ್ಂಡ್, ಒರಿ ಪಾದ್ರಿನೊಟ್ಟುಗು, ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ದುಂಬೇ ಒಂಜಿ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನೆನ್ ಸೂಚಿಸವುಂಡು. ತಾತಾರ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ನಾಶ ಆಯಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ ೧೫೧೮ ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ ೧೦ ತಾರೀಕ್ ಗ್ ಈ ನಗರೊನು ೬ ವರ್ಸೊಗು ತೆರಿಗೆ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನೆಡ್ದ್ ವಿನಾಯಿತಿ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ಜನವರಿ ೧೩, ೧೫೩೦ಡ್, ನಗರ, ಸೆರ್ನಿಕಿ, ಲಾನಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಿಯಾಟ್ನಿಚಾನಿ ಗ್ರಾಮೊಲೆನೊಟ್ಟುಗು, ಪೀಟರ್ ವೆಂಗ್ಲಿವ್ಸ್ಕಿನ ವಿಧವೆ ಅಣ್ಣಾ ವೆಂಗ್ಲಿವ್ಸ್ಕಾನ ಜೀವನಪೂರ್ತಿ ಸ್ವಾಧೀನೊಗು ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಆಂಡ್. ೧೬೦೫ ಡ್ದ್ ೧೬೩೩ ಮುಟ್ಟ, ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ಸೇರ್ದಿನ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ, ೧೬೧೨-೧೬೨೪ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೬೨೬ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ೨೮ ವರ್ಷೊಡ್ ೧೪ ಸರ್ತಿ ತಾತಾರ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ನಾಶ ಆಂಡ್. ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ಈ ನಾಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಸಮಯೊಗು ಚೇತರಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳೆರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಯಿಜಿ: ೧೬೨೧ಡ್ ರಾಜಮನೆತನೊಡು ಫೋರೇಜರ್ಸ್ ಗ್ ಏರ್ಲಾ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆನ್ ಕಂಡುಕೊನೆರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಯಿಜಿ. ೧೬೩೮ಡ್, ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ಸೆಜ್ಮ್ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ಬಹುತೇಕ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾದ್ ಕುಸಿತ್ಂಡ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಗುರುತಿಸಯೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮತ್ತೆ ಅಯಿತ ನಿವಾಸಿಲೆನ್ ೪ ವರ್ಷೊಗು ತೆರಿಗೆ ಕೊರ್ಪಿನೆಡ್ದ್ ವಿನಾಯಿತಿ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ಏಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೨೮, ೧೬೪೩ಡ್, ರಾಜೆ ವ್ಲಾಡಿಸ್ಲಾವ್ IV ವಾಸಾ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾ ನಗರೊದ ಅರ್ಧೊಗು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲಾನಿ, ಲ್ಯಾಂಕಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಿಯಾಟ್ನಿಚಾನಿ ಗ್ರಾಮೊಲೆಗ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಸ್ಟೋಲ್ನಿಕ್ ಸ್ಟಾನಿಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಕೊವಾಲ್ಸ್ಕಿಗ್ "ಜೀವನ ಸ್ವಾಧೀನ"ದ ಹಕ್ಕ್ ನ್ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ಜೂನ್ ೨೦, ೧೬೪೩ಡ್, ಆರ್ ಈ ಹಕ್ಕ್ ನ್ ಅರೆನ ಮದಿಮೆ ಆಯಿನ ರೆಜಿನಾ ಟ್ಶ್ಯೆಬೆನ್ಸ್ಕಾಗ್ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ೧೬೪೮ಡ್ ಕೊಸಾಕ್ ಸೈನಿಕೆರ್ ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾಗ್ ಪ್ರವೇಶ ಮಲ್ತಿನಗ, ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಶೂಮೇಕರ್ಸ್ ಗಿಲ್ಡ್ ಅಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ೮೦ ಜೋಡಿ ಬೂಟುಲೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಫರ್ರಿಯರ್ಸ್ ಅಕ್ಲೆಗ್ ೬೦ ಫರ್ ಕೋಟ್ ಲೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ಪೋಲಿಷ್-ಸ್ವೀಡಿಷ್ ಯುದ್ಧ (೧೬೫೫-೧೬೬೦) ನಗರೊನು ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣ ಕುಸಿತೊಗು ತೂಪಾಂಡ್. ೧೬೬೧ ದ ದಾಸ್ತಾನು ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಯುದ್ಧೊಗು ದುಂಬು ೧೫೦ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಇತ್ತ್ ಂಡ, ನಗರೊಡು ೨೬ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೭೬೫ಡ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ೩೦೦ ಗ್ ಏರ್ಂಡ್. ಅಂಚನೆ, ಬಿಬೊರ್ಕಾಡ್ ಅಕ್ಲೆನ ಸ್ವಂತ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಇಜ್ಜಂದಿನ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಜನ ಇತ್ತೆರ್, ಅವೆನ್ ಹಲುಪ್ನಿಕಿ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್. ೧೭೭೨ಡ್ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ದ ಸುರುತ ವಿಭಜನೆಡ್ದ್ ೧೯೧೮ ಮುಟ್ಟ, ಈ ಊರು ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ರಾಜಪ್ರಭುತ್ವೊದ ಭಾಗವಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೮೬೭ಡ್ ರಾಜಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯಾ-ಹಂಗೇರಿದ ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಭಾಗೊದ ಭಾಗವಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಉಂದು ಬೊಬ್ರ್ಕಾ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆದ ಸ್ಥಾನವಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಉಂದು ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯನ್ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯೊದ ೭೮ ಬೆಜಿರ್ಕ್ಶಾಪ್ಟ್ಮನ್ಶಾಫ್ಟೆನ್ (ಕಿರೀಟ) ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ೧೯೦೦. ೧೯೨೧ಡ್ ರಿಗಾ ಶಾಂತಿ ಮುಟ್ಟ ಈ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯೊದ ಭವಿಷ್ಯೊನು ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಷ್ಯಾ ನಡುಟು ವಿವಾದ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೭೭೪ಡ್, ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಸ್ಟಾರೊಸ್ಟಾ ಮಿಲ್ಬಾಚರ್ ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ಒರಿಲಾ ಶಿಕ್ಷಕೆರ್ ಇಜ್ಜೆರ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಬರೆಯೆರ್. ೧೭೯೦ಡ್, ಈ ನಗರೊನು ಕೌಂಟ್ ಸ್ಕಾರ್ಬೆಕ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಒರಿ ಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಮ್ಯಾಗ್ನೇಟ್ ಸ್ವಾಧೀನ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೭೯೦ ದಶಕೊಡು, ಸುರುತ ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಲು ತೆರೆಯೆರ್: ರಡ್ಡ್ ವರ್ಷದ (ತುಚ್ಛ) ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೂಜಿ ವರ್ಷದ (ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ) ಶಾಲೆಲು. ೧೮೪೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾಡ್ ೩,೦೦೦ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಅಲ್ಪ ಒಂಜಿ ಜವಳಿ ಕಾರ್ಖಾನೆ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾಡ್, ಚಾಯ್ಕೊವ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕುಟುಂಬೊಗು ಸೇರ್ದಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಎಸ್ಟೇಟ್ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ವಿಶೇಷವಾದ್ ಲ್ವಿವ್ ವಕೀಲೆರ್ ಜಾನ್ ಚಾಯ್ಕೊವ್ಸ್ಕಿಗ್. ನಗರೊಡು, ರಡ್ಡ್ ಸಿನಗಾಗ್ ಲೆನ ಅವಶೇಷೊಲೆನ್ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಒಂಜಿ, ಗ್ರೇಟ್ ಸಿನಗೊಗ್ ಪನ್ಪಿನವು, 1821ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್. ಉಂದು ನಗರೊದ ಮಧ್ಯ ಭಾಗೊಡು, ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ ಚೌಕೊದ ಉತ್ತರೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಮಲ್ಲ ಸಿನಗಾಗ್ ಇತ್ತೆ ಬಹುತೇಕ ಹಾಳಾದ್ ಪೋತುಂಡು. ಮಾರುಕಟ್ಟೆ ಚೌಕೊದ ಉತ್ತರೊಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲ್ಲ ಸಿನಗಾಗ್ ದ ಪೂರ್ವೊಡು ಪ್ರಾರ್ಥನೆದ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಉಂಡು, ಉಂದು 19ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಮಧ್ಯೊಡು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆತ್ಂಡ್. ನಗರ ಕೇಂದ್ರೊದ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮೊಡು, ಸೇತುವೆದ ಎದುರುಡು, ಸುಮಾರ್ 20 ಮ್ಯಾಟ್ಜೆವೊಟ್ ಉಳಿಯಿನ ಒಂಜಿ 18ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಸ್ಮಶಾನ ಉಂಡು. ೧೮೫೧ಡ್ ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾಡ್ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಸಿನಗಾಗ್ ಲು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಮಾರ್ಚ್ ೩, ೧೯೧೮ಡ್, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಪೀಪಲ್ಸ್ ರಿಪಬ್ಲಿಕ್ ದ ಸರ್ಕಾರದ ಕ್ರಮೊಕುಲೆನ್ ಬೆಂಬಲಿಸವುನ ನಿಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ನಗರೊಡು "ರಾಜ್ಯತ್ವ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಶಾಂತಿದ ಆಚರಣೆ" ವೆಚೆ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. ಸುಮಾರ್ 20,000 ಜನ ಪಾಲ್ ಪಡೆಯೆರ್. ೧೯೪೧ ದ ಮಧ್ಯೊಡು, ಸುಮಾರ್ ೨,೦೦೦ ಯೆಹೂದಿಲು ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾಡ್ ಜೀವನ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಜೂನ್ ೩೦, ೧೯೪೧ಡ್ ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಲು ಈ ಊರುನು ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೯೪೨ಡ್, ಬೆಲ್ಜೆಕ್ ನಿರ್ನಾಮ ಶಿಬಿರೊಗು ಗಡಿಪಾರ್ ಮಲ್ಪಂದಿನ ಉಳಿಯಿನ ೧,೫೦೦ - ೧,೯೦೦ ಯೆಹೂದಿಲೆಗ್ ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಲು ಒಂಜಿ ಘೆಟ್ಟೊನ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಸುಮಾರ್ 300 ಯೆಹೂದಿಲು ಕಾಯಿಲೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅನಾರೋಗ್ಯೊಡ್ದ್ ಘೆಟ್ಟೊಡು ಸೈತೆರ್. ಏಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೧೩, ೧೯೪೩ಡ್ ಘೆಟ್ಟೊನು ಲಿಕ್ವಿಡೇಟ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅಯಿಟ್ ೧,೩೦೦ ಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಯೆಹೂದಿಲೆನ್ ಸಮೀಪದ ವೊಲೊವೆ ಗ್ರಾಮೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ಕೊಲೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊನು ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ ೧೯೪೫ಡ್ ಸ್ವಾಧೀನ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಜುಲೈ ೧೮, ೨೦೨೦ ಮುಟ್ಟ, ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾ ಪೆರೆಮಿಶ್ಲಿಯಾನಿ ರೈಯನ್ ಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದಿನವು. ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಆಡಳಿತ ಸುಧಾರಣೆದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ಜುಲೈ ೨೦೨೦ಡ್ ಈ ರಾಯನ್ ನ್ ರದ್ದು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಲ್ವಿವ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ದ ರಾಯನ್ ಲೆನ ಸಂಖ್ಯೆನ್ ಏಳ್ ಗ್ ಕಮ್ಮಿ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಪೆರೆಮಿಶ್ಲಿಯಾನಿ ರಾಯನ್ ದ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊನು ಲ್ವಿವ್ ರಾಯನ್ ಗ್ ಸೇರಾಯೆರ್. 5qpq019ias9ekodjcwwhpwapy0oz2hj 0 28172 366860 2026-08-24T08:52:12Z Sannidhishetty 9770 Sannidhishetty, ಪುಟೊ [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Sannidhishetty/ಕಲ್ಪುನಕಳ]] ನ್ [[ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾ]] ಗ್ ಕಡಪುಡಿಯೆರ್: made correction 366860 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾ]] bfhh9i89nhm237v53r4x906n6jao29e 366867 366860 2026-08-24T09:25:00Z Sannidhishetty 9770 Removed redirect to [[ಬಿಬ್ರ್ಕಾ]] 366867 wikitext text/x-wiki = ಪೈಸಂಕಾ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ = ಪೈಸಾಂಕಾ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಇವಾನೊ-ಫ್ರಾಂಕಿವ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ದ ಕೊಲೊಮಿಯಾಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಪೈಸಾಂಕಾದ ಒಂಜಿ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ. ಉಂದು ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ ೨೬, ೧೯೮೭ಡ್ ಸುರು ಆಂಡ್.<ref>http://www.if.gov.ua/?q=news&id=16584</ref> ಇತ್ತೆದ ಪೈಸಾಂಕಾ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊನು 2000ಡ್ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ನಗರ ಕೊಲೊಮಿಯಾ, ಇವಾನೊ-ಫ್ರಾಂಕಿವ್ಸ್ಕಾ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ದುಂಬು, ಪೈಸಾಂಕಾ ಸಂಗ್ರಹೊನು ಅನನ್ಸಿಯೇಶನ್ ದ ಕೊಲೊಮಿಯಾ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಡ್ ದೀದ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಹುತ್ಸುಲ್ಶ್ಚೈನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಕುಟ್ಟಿಯ ಜಾನಪದ ಕಲೆತ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು. ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ದ ಮಧ್ಯ ಭಾಗ ಪೈಸಾಂಕಾ (ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಈಸ್ಟರ್ ಎಗ್) ದ ಆಕಾರೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಜಗತ್ತ್ ಡ್ ಪೈಸಂಕಾಗ್ ಸಮರ್ಪಿತವಾದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜೇ ಒಂಜಿ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ನಗರೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲಿಂಗ್ ಕಾರ್ಡ್ ಆದ್ ಬದಲಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೨೦೦೭ಡ್ ಈ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂನ್ ಆಧುನಿಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಹತ್ವದ ಗುರುತು ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಗುರುತಿಸಯೆರ್. ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂನ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಡು ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೩, ೨೦೦೦ಡ್, ೧೦ನೆ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಹುಟ್ಸುಲ್ ಉತ್ಸವೊಡು ತೆರೆಯೆರ್. ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರ್ ಯಾರೋಸ್ಲಾವಾ ಟ್ಕಾಚುಕ್ ಸುರುಕು ಒಂಜಿ ಪೈಸಾಂಕಾದ ಆಕಾರೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆನ್ ಬತ್ತೆರ್; ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಕಲಾವಿದೆರ್ ವಾಸಿಲ್ ಆಂಡ್ರುಶ್ಕೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೈರೊಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಯಾಸಿನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಈ ಐಡಿಯಾನ್ ಜೀವಂತ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಒಂಜಿ ಮೊಟ್ಟೆದ ಆಕಾರೊಡು ಮಾತ್ರ ಅತ್ತ್ (14 ಮೀ ಎತ್ತರೊಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ 10 ಮೀ ವ್ಯಾಸೊಡು), ಆಂಡ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊದ ಪಿದಯಿದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಳ್ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಪೈಸಂಕಾದಲೆಕ ಚಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090603034301/http://www.castles.com.ua/pysanka.html</ref> = ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಸಂಗ್ರಹೊಲು = ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂಡ್ 10,000 ಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಪೈಸಾಂಕಿಲೆನ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ ಉಂಡು. ಶಾಶ್ವತ ಸಂಗ್ರಹೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಬಹುಪಾಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಪೈಸಾಂಕಿ ಉಂಡು. ಸ್ಕಾರ್ಜಿನ್ಸ್ಕಾ ಸಂಗ್ರಹೊದ ಒಕ್ಸಾನಾ ಬಿಲೋಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜೋಯಾ ಸ್ಟಾಶುಕ್ ನ ಮನರಂಜನೆ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಲೆನ ಆಧುನಿಕ ಪುನರ್-ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉಂಡು (ಕುಲ್ಜಿನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಚಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನಲೆಕ), ಆಂಡ 19ನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 20ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಇವಾನೊ-ಫ್ರಾಂಕಿವ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಪೈಸಾಂಕಿಲೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ಎಡ್ಡೆ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಲಾ ಉಂಡು. ಬೇತೆ ಸ್ಲಾವಿಕ್ ದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ (ಬೆಲಾರಸ್, ಚೆಕ್ ರಿಪಬ್ಲಿಕ್, ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್) ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದೂರದ ದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ (ರೊಮೇನಿಯಾ, ಸ್ವೀಡನ್, ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನೊಲು, ಕೆನಡಾ, ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್, ಪಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನ, ಶ್ರೀಲಂಕಾ, ಭಾರತ) ಪೈಸಾಂಕಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿದ ಅಲಂಕೃತ ಮೊಟ್ಟೆಲೆನ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಲು ಉಂಡು. ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ತನ್ನ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಲೆಡ್ ತಾತ್ಕಾಲಿಕ ಪ್ರದರ್ಶನೊಲೆನ್ ಲಾ ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು, ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾದ್ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಪೈಸಾಂಕರಿಲೆನ ಜಾನಪದ ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಮೂಲ ಪೈಸಾಂಕಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹೊಲು. ಬೇತೆ ಪ್ರದರ್ಶನೊಲು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾದ್ ಪೈಸಂಕಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹುಟ್ಸುಲ್ ಈಸ್ಟರ್ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆಗ್ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟಿನವು, ಆಂಡ ಬೇತೆ ಜಾನಪದ ಕಲೆಲೆನ್ ಲಾ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬೇತೆ ಒಂಜಿ ವಿಶೇಷ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ ಪಂಡ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಫಸ್ಟ್ ಲೇಡಿಸ್ ನಕುಲೆನ ಕೈಟ್ ಅಲಂಕರಿಸಾಯಿನ ಪೈಸಾಂಕಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಗ್ ಬತ್ತಿನ ವಿದೇಶಿ ರಾಜಕಾರಣಿಲು. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು== jm0zq9zfd81rg2bvyo8bm5hs4c9dun2 366868 366867 2026-08-24T09:26:12Z Sannidhishetty 9770 Sannidhishetty, ಪುಟೊ [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Sannidhishetty/ಕಲ್ಪುನಕಳ]] ನ್ [[ಪೈಸಂಕಾ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ]] ಗ್ ಕಡಪುಡಿಯೆರ್: made correction 366867 wikitext text/x-wiki = ಪೈಸಂಕಾ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ = ಪೈಸಾಂಕಾ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಇವಾನೊ-ಫ್ರಾಂಕಿವ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ದ ಕೊಲೊಮಿಯಾಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಪೈಸಾಂಕಾದ ಒಂಜಿ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ. ಉಂದು ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ ೨೬, ೧೯೮೭ಡ್ ಸುರು ಆಂಡ್.<ref>http://www.if.gov.ua/?q=news&id=16584</ref> ಇತ್ತೆದ ಪೈಸಾಂಕಾ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊನು 2000ಡ್ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ನಗರ ಕೊಲೊಮಿಯಾ, ಇವಾನೊ-ಫ್ರಾಂಕಿವ್ಸ್ಕಾ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ ಡ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ದುಂಬು, ಪೈಸಾಂಕಾ ಸಂಗ್ರಹೊನು ಅನನ್ಸಿಯೇಶನ್ ದ ಕೊಲೊಮಿಯಾ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಡ್ ದೀದ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಹುತ್ಸುಲ್ಶ್ಚೈನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೊಕುಟ್ಟಿಯ ಜಾನಪದ ಕಲೆತ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ದ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು. ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ದ ಮಧ್ಯ ಭಾಗ ಪೈಸಾಂಕಾ (ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಈಸ್ಟರ್ ಎಗ್) ದ ಆಕಾರೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಉಂದು ಜಗತ್ತ್ ಡ್ ಪೈಸಂಕಾಗ್ ಸಮರ್ಪಿತವಾದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜೇ ಒಂಜಿ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಂದು ನಗರೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ಕಾಲಿಂಗ್ ಕಾರ್ಡ್ ಆದ್ ಬದಲಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ೨೦೦೭ಡ್ ಈ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂನ್ ಆಧುನಿಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಹತ್ವದ ಗುರುತು ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಗುರುತಿಸಯೆರ್. ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂನ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಕಟ್ಟಡೊಡು ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ ೨೩, ೨೦೦೦ಡ್, ೧೦ನೆ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಹುಟ್ಸುಲ್ ಉತ್ಸವೊಡು ತೆರೆಯೆರ್. ನಿರ್ದೇಶಕೆರ್ ಯಾರೋಸ್ಲಾವಾ ಟ್ಕಾಚುಕ್ ಸುರುಕು ಒಂಜಿ ಪೈಸಾಂಕಾದ ಆಕಾರೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ದ ಕಲ್ಪನೆನ್ ಬತ್ತೆರ್; ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಕಲಾವಿದೆರ್ ವಾಸಿಲ್ ಆಂಡ್ರುಶ್ಕೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮೈರೊಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಯಾಸಿನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಈ ಐಡಿಯಾನ್ ಜೀವಂತ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಒಂಜಿ ಮೊಟ್ಟೆದ ಆಕಾರೊಡು ಮಾತ್ರ ಅತ್ತ್ (14 ಮೀ ಎತ್ತರೊಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ 10 ಮೀ ವ್ಯಾಸೊಡು), ಆಂಡ ಗುಮ್ಮಟೊದ ಪಿದಯಿದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಳ್ ಭಾಗೊಲೆನ್ ಪೈಸಂಕಾದಲೆಕ ಚಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20090603034301/http://www.castles.com.ua/pysanka.html</ref> = ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಸಂಗ್ರಹೊಲು = ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂಡ್ 10,000 ಡ್ದ್ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಪೈಸಾಂಕಿಲೆನ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ ಉಂಡು. ಶಾಶ್ವತ ಸಂಗ್ರಹೊಡು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ಬಹುಪಾಲು ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಪೈಸಾಂಕಿ ಉಂಡು. ಸ್ಕಾರ್ಜಿನ್ಸ್ಕಾ ಸಂಗ್ರಹೊದ ಒಕ್ಸಾನಾ ಬಿಲೋಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜೋಯಾ ಸ್ಟಾಶುಕ್ ನ ಮನರಂಜನೆ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ವಿನ್ಯಾಸೊಲೆನ ಆಧುನಿಕ ಪುನರ್-ಸೃಷ್ಟಿಲು ಮಸ್ತ್ ಉಂಡು (ಕುಲ್ಜಿನ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಚಿತ್ರೀಕರಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನಲೆಕ), ಆಂಡ 19ನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ 20ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಇವಾನೊ-ಫ್ರಾಂಕಿವ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡ್ದ್ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಪೈಸಾಂಕಿಲೆನ ಒಂಜಿ ಎಡ್ಡೆ ಸಂಗ್ರಹಲಾ ಉಂಡು. ಬೇತೆ ಸ್ಲಾವಿಕ್ ದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ (ಬೆಲಾರಸ್, ಚೆಕ್ ರಿಪಬ್ಲಿಕ್, ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್) ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದೂರದ ದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ (ರೊಮೇನಿಯಾ, ಸ್ವೀಡನ್, ಅಮೇರಿಕ ಸಂಯುಕ್ತ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನೊಲು, ಕೆನಡಾ, ಫ್ರಾನ್ಸ್, ಪಾಕಿಸ್ತಾನ, ಶ್ರೀಲಂಕಾ, ಭಾರತ) ಪೈಸಾಂಕಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ರೀತಿದ ಅಲಂಕೃತ ಮೊಟ್ಟೆಲೆನ ಉದಾಹರಣೆಲು ಉಂಡು. ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ತನ್ನ ಗ್ಯಾಲರಿಲೆಡ್ ತಾತ್ಕಾಲಿಕ ಪ್ರದರ್ಶನೊಲೆನ್ ಲಾ ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು, ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾದ್ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಪೈಸಾಂಕರಿಲೆನ ಜಾನಪದ ಅತ್ತಂದೆ ಮೂಲ ಪೈಸಾಂಕಿ ಸಂಗ್ರಹೊಲು. ಬೇತೆ ಪ್ರದರ್ಶನೊಲು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾದ್ ಪೈಸಂಕಾ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಹುಟ್ಸುಲ್ ಈಸ್ಟರ್ ಸಂಪ್ರದಾಯೊಲೆಗ್ ಸಂಬಂಧ ಪಟ್ಟಿನವು, ಆಂಡ ಬೇತೆ ಜಾನಪದ ಕಲೆಲೆನ್ ಲಾ ಒಳಗೊಂಡಿಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಡ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಬೇತೆ ಒಂಜಿ ವಿಶೇಷ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ ಪಂಡ ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಫಸ್ಟ್ ಲೇಡಿಸ್ ನಕುಲೆನ ಕೈಟ್ ಅಲಂಕರಿಸಾಯಿನ ಪೈಸಾಂಕಿ, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ ಗ್ ಬತ್ತಿನ ವಿದೇಶಿ ರಾಜಕಾರಣಿಲು. == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು== jm0zq9zfd81rg2bvyo8bm5hs4c9dun2 0 28173 366869 2026-08-24T09:26:12Z Sannidhishetty 9770 Sannidhishetty, ಪುಟೊ [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Sannidhishetty/ಕಲ್ಪುನಕಳ]] ನ್ [[ಪೈಸಂಕಾ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ]] ಗ್ ಕಡಪುಡಿಯೆರ್: made correction 366869 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ಪೈಸಂಕಾ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ]] bgm7jiuqwkuurg3aedgc5mu3x22m1yo 366872 366869 2026-08-24T09:42:19Z Sannidhishetty 9770 Removed redirect to [[ಪೈಸಂಕಾ ಮ್ಯೂಸಿಯಂ]] 366872 wikitext text/x-wiki = ಡಬ್ನೊ= ಡಬ್ನೊ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ರಿವ್ನೆ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ (ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯ) ಡ್ ಇಕ್ವಾ ನದಿಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ನಗರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುರಸಭೆ. ಉಂದು ಡಬ್ನೊ ರೈಯನ್ (ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ) ದ ಆಡಳಿತ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಆದ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು. ಈ ನಗರ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲೆನ ಛೇದನೊಡು ಉಂಡು, E40 ಬೊಕ್ಕ E85. ಈ ನಗರೊಡು 36,901 ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಉಂಡು (2022 ಅಂದಾಜಿ)<ref>http://db.ukrcensus.gov.ua/PXWEB2007/ukr/publ_new1/2022/zb_%D0%A1huselnist.pdf</ref>. ಉಂದು ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯಾದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಉಂದು ಶೀತಲ ಸಮರದ ಸೌಲಭ್ಯ ಡಬ್ನೊ ಏರ್ ಬೇಸ್ ಗ್ ನೆಲೆಯಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಮೂಲದ ಲೇಖಕೆರ್ ನಿಕೋಲಾಯ್ ಗೊಗೊಲ್ ಬರೆತಿನ ತಾರಸ್ ಬುಲ್ಬಾ ಕಾದಂಬರಿಡ್ ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಆಯಿನ ಕೋಟೆಗ್ಲಾ ಈ ನಗರ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋತುಂಡು. == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ಮಧ್ಯ ಯುಗ === 1100 ದ ಒಂಜಿ ವೃತ್ತಾಂತೊಡು ಸುರುಕು ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಆಯಿನ, ಯಾರೋಸ್ಲಾವ್ ದಿ ವೈಸ್ ನ ಮೊಮ್ಮಗ ಡೇವಿಡ್ ಆಫ್ ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ [ಯುಕೆ][ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಅಗತ್ಯ] ನ ಕೈಟ್ ಇತ್ತಿನಗ, ಡಬ್ನೊ (ಅಪಗ ಡುಬೆನ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್) ಒಂಜಿ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಅವಧಿಗ್ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆರೆನ ಆಸನ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೨೪೦ಡ್ ಈ ಊರುನು ಮಂಗೋಲುಲು ದಾಳಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೪ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಪೋಲಿಷ್-ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ಪರ್ಧೆದ ವಿಷಯ ಆಂಡ್, ಅಯಿತ ಪರಿಣಾಮವಾದ್ ಡಬ್ನೊ ನನೊಂಜಿ ರಾಜ್ಯೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆಂಡ್. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕ್ರೆವೊ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟೊಡು (೧೩೮೫), ಉಂದು ಪೋಲಿಷ್-ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯನ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟೊದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ಪ್ರಭಾವೊಗು ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೩೮೬ಡ್ ರಾಜೆ ವ್ಲಾಡಿಸ್ಲಾವ್ II ಜಗಿಯೆಲೊ ಡಬ್ನೊನ್ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತದ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೊಗ್ ನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಮ್ಯಾಗ್ನೇಟ್ ಫಿಯೋಡರ್ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೊಗ್ಸ್ಕಿಗ್ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದುಂಬುದ ೨೦೦ ವರ್ಸೊಗು ಉಂದು ಪ್ರಭಾವಶಾಲಿ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೊಗ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕುಟುಂಬೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ಖಾಸಗಿ ಊರು ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.[೩] ನನೊಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿ, ಈ ನಗರ ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯಾಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹ ಕೋಟೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್ ಜಾಗಿಲ್ಲೊನ್ 1498ಡ್ ನಗರದ ಹಕ್ಕುಲೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ನ ಈ ಊರು ಮಸ್ತ್ ವಿದೇಶಿ ವಸಾಹತುದಾರೆರೆನ್ ಆಕರ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಯೆಹೂದಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್. ಅಂಚನೆ, ಉಂದು ಮಧ್ಯ-ಪೂರ್ವ ಯುರೋಪ್ ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜೀವಂತ ಜೂಯಿಶ್ ಕಮ್ಯುನ್ ಲೆನ ಸ್ಥಾನ ಆಂಡ್. ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೊಗ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕುಟುಂಬದ ಆಡಳಿತೊಡು ಡಬ್ನೋ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. === ಸುರುತ ಆಧುನಿಕ ಕಾಲ === [[File:Castle in Dubno Ukraine.jpg|thumb|left|ಡಬ್ನೋ ಕೋಟೆ ದ ಒಂಜಿ ಗೋಪುರ]] ಡಬ್ನೊ ಕೋಟೆದ ಒಂಜಿ ಗೋಪುರ ೧೪೮೯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೫೦೬ ದ ನಡುಟು ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಕಾನ್ಸ್ಟಾಂಟಿ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೊಗ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಆರ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಧುನಿಕ ಕೋಟೆ ಆದ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಬಲವಾದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಕೋಟೆಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. ೧೫೬೬ಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಡಬ್ನೊ ಲೆಸ್ಸರ್ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯೊದ ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯನ್ ವೊಯಿವೊಡೆಶಿಪ್ ದ ಭಾಗವಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೬೧೭ಡ್ ೧೬೦೫-೧೬೧೮ ದ ಪೋಲಿಷ್-ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ರಾಜೆ ವ್ಲಾಡಿಸ್ಲಾವ್ IV ವಾಸಾ ಈ ನಗರೊಡು ನೆಲೆಯಾಯೆರ್.<ref>http://www.gazetagazeta.com/artman/publish/printer_16663.shtml</ref> ೧೬೧೯ಡ್ ಜಾನುಸ್ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೊಗ್ಸ್ಕಿನ ಸಾವುಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಆರ್ನ ಕೊನೆತ ಸಂಬಂಧಿ, ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊನು ಆರ್ನ ಮೆಗ್ಯೆ ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್ ಜಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೊಗ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕುಟುಂಬದ ಕ್ಯಾಡೆಟ್ ಶಾಖೆಡ್ ಆನುವಂಶಿಕವಾದ್ ಪಡೆಯೆರ್. ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ನವೋದಯ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಮಾನದಂಡೊಲೆಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಫಿರಂಗಿದ ಆಧುನೀಕರಣೊಗು ನಿಲೆ ಆಯೆರೆ ಉಂದು ಮತ್ತೆ ಆಧುನೀಕರಣ ಆಂಡ್. ಅಂಚನೆ, ೧೬೭೩ಡ್ ಉಂದು ಲುಬೊಮಿರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕುಟುಂಬೊಗು ಪೋಂಡು, ಅಕುಲು ಕೋಟೆದ ಗೋಡೆಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಅರಮನೆನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ 1766ಡ್ ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ 13ನೇ ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ಇನ್ಫಾಂಟ್ರಿ ರೆಜಿಮೆಂಟ್ ಡಬ್ನೊಡ್ ನಿಲೆಯಾತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೭೮೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಕೋಟೆ ಮತ್ತೊಂಜಿ ಆಧುನೀಕರಣೊಗು ಒಳಪಡ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ವಸತಿ ಮ್ಯಾನರ್ ಆದ್ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್, ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನವು ಅಯಿತ ಕೋಟೆದ ಸ್ವರೂಪೊನು ಕಳೆವೊಂಡು. ೧೭೮೧ಡ್ ರಾಜೆ ಸ್ಟಾನಿಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ಪೊನಿಯಾಟೊವ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಡಬ್ನೊಗು ಭೇಟಿ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್.[೩] ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು, ಈ ಊರು ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯನ್ ವೊಯಿವೊಡೆಶಿಪ್ ದ ಮಲ್ಲ ವಸಾಹತು ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ದ ವಿಭಜನೆಲೆನ ನಡುಟು ಊರು ಸುರುತ ವಿಭಜನೆದ ನಂತರ ಬುಲೆಂಡ್, ದಾಯೆ ಪಂಡ ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯಾ ಸ್ವಾಧೀನ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಲ್ವೊವ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಸ್ಜ್ಲಾಚ್ಟಾ ರಿಜಿಸ್ಟರ್ ನ್ ಅಲ್ಪ ಕಡಪುಡುವೆರ್. ಡಬ್ನೊನು ಸ್ವತಃ 1795ಡ್ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ದ ಮೂಜಿನೆ ವಿಭಜನೆದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಇಂಪೀರಿಯಲ್ ರಷ್ಯಾ ಸ್ವಾಧೀನ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಶ್ರೀಮಂತೆರೆನ ನೋಂದಣಿನ್ ಕೀವ್ ಗ್ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಊರು ಅಯಿತ ಮಹತ್ವೊನು ಕಳೆವೊಂಡು, ಕ್ರಮೇಣ ನಿರ್ಲಕ್ಷ್ಯೊಗು ಬೂರುಂಡು. === ಕಡೆತ ಆಧುನಿಕ ಕಾಲ === [[File:Дубно. Центр города..jpg|thumb|220px|left|ಡಬ್ನೊದ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ]] ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ವಿರೋಧಿ ದಬ್ಬಾಳಿಕೆದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಆಡಳಿತ ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡೈನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾರ್ಮೆಲೈಟ್ ಮಠೊಲೆನ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿದ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಜಪ್ತಿ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೮೭೦ಡ್ ಡಬ್ನೊನು ಒಂಜಿ ಕೋಟೆದ ಊರು ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಘೋಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ವಸಾಹತು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಸತಿ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಗು ಗಂಭೀರ ಮಿತಿಲೆನ್ ಪಾಡ್ದ್, ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿನ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಮಿತಿ ಪಾಡ್ಂಡ್. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಉಂದು ವಾಣಿಜ್ಯದ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹ ಕೇಂದ್ರವಾದ್ ಉಂತುಂಡು, ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಊರುದ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತ ಅಸಂಖ್ಯಾತ ಚೆಕ್ ವಸಾಹತುಲು ಇತ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ಉಂದು ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯಾದ ಬ್ರೂವರಿ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಅಡ್ಡನಾಮೊನು ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು. ಈ ಕೋಟೆ ೧೯೧೫ಡ್ ಸುರುತ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಹಾಳಾತ್ಂಡ್. 1918ಡ್ ರಾಜ್ಯದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊದ ನಂತರ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ದೇಶೊಗು ಪಿರ ದೆತೊಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಂಚನೆ ರಿಗಾ ಶಾಂತಿಡ್ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ಗ್ ಮಂಜೂರು ಆಂಡ್, ಉಂದು ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊವಿಯಾಟ್ ನ ಆಸನ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೆಒಪಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ಸೈನ್ಯೊದ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹ ಮಿಲಿಟರಿ ಗ್ಯಾರಿಸನ್ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, 43ನೇ ರೈಫಲ್ ರೆಜಿಮೆಂಟ್ (13ನೇ ಇನ್ಫಾಂಟ್ರಿ ಡಿವಿಷನ್ ದ ಭಾಗ), ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕ್ರೆಂಡ್ ರೆಜಿಮೆಂಟ್ ಆಫ್ ಆರ್ಟಿಟೆಡ್ ಮೌನ್ಲಿನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾವಲ್ರಿ ಬ್ರಿಗೇಡ್) ಮುಲ್ಪ ನಿಲೆಯಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಡಬ್ನೊ ಪಾಪಲ್ ಈಸ್ಟರ್ನ್ ಸೆಮಿನರಿ (ಪಾಪಿಸ್ಕಿ ಸೆಮಿನಾರಿಯಂ ವ್ಸ್ಕೋಡ್ನಿ) ದ ಸ್ಥಾನಲಾ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೯೩೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಜೈಲ್ ನ್ ಕಟ್ಟೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ಡ್ ಮೂಜಿನೆ ಮಲ್ಲ ಜೈಲ್ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೯೩೨ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೩೯ದ ನಡುಟು ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಅಯಿತ ಮೂಲ ರೂಪೊಡು ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದು ಇತ್ತೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧ ಸುರುವಾನಗ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು ನಿಂತುಂಡು. ೧೯೩೭ಡ್, ಅಯಿತ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಆಪ್ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೫,೫೦೦, ಅಯಿಟ್ ಯೆಹೂದಿಲು ೪೫%, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಲು ೨೯%, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ಲು ೨೬% ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ==== ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಪಿರವು ==== ೧೯೩೯ಡ್ ಮೊಲೊಟೊವ್-ರಿಬ್ಬೆಂಟ್ರಾಪ್ ಒಪ್ಪಂದೊದ ನಂತರ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟೊಡು ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಆಯಿನ ಉಂದು ಎನ್ ಕೆ ವಿ ಡಿ ದ ಕಠಿಣ ನೀತಿಲೆಗ್ ಒಳಪಡ್ಪುಂಡು. ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆವಂದಿನ ಜೈಲುನ್ ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ ೧೯೩೯ಡ್ ಎನ್ ಕೆ ವಿ ಡಿ ಸ್ವಾಧೀನೊಗು ದೆತೊನುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊಡು ಇತ್ತಿನ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ದ ಮಾತಾ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ರಾಜಕೀಯ ಕೈದಿಲೆಗ್ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. 1500 ಬೊಕ್ಕ 3000 ಕೈದಿಲೆನ್ ಕಠಿಣ ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿಡ್ ಅಲ್ಪ ದೀತೆರ್, ದುಂಬುದಕುಲೆನ್ ಸತತವಾದ್ ಗುಲಾಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಜೈಲುಲೆಗ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪೊಸ ಕೈದಿಲು ಬರ್ಪೆರ್. ೧೯೪೦ಡ್ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ಲೆನ್ ಬಂಧಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ದ ವಿವಿಧ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಗುಲಾಗ್ ಲೆಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜೈಲುಲೆಗ್ ಪುನರ್ವಸತಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೯೪೧ಡ್, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್-ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಯುದ್ಧ ಸುರು ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ೨೪ ಜೂನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೫ ಜೂನ್ ೧೯೪೧ಡ್, ಡಬ್ನೊ ಜೈಲುದ ಸುಮಾರ್ ೫೫೦ ಕೈದಿಲೆನ್ ವಾಪಸ್ ದೆತೊನುನ ಎನ್.ಕೆ.ವಿ.ಡಿ ಮರಣದಂಡನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ೮ ಜನ ಮಾತ್ರ ಬದುಕುದು ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಆ ಸಮಯೊಡು ಊರುದ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತ (ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲುಟ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬ್ರಾಡಿದ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತ) ಒಂಜಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಟ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಯುದ್ಧ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. ಬ್ರೊಡಿ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡು (೧೯೪೧) ಎವಾಲ್ಡ್ ವಾನ್ ಕ್ಲೈಸ್ಟ್ ನ ನೇತೃತ್ವೊಡು ಜರ್ಮನ್ ೧ನೇ ಪ್ಯಾಂಜರ್ ಗುಂಪು ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ೯ನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯ನೆ ಮೆಕ್ಯಾನೈಸ್ಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಪ್ಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೮ನೆ ಮೆಕ್ಯಾನೈಸ್ಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಪ್ಸ್ ನ ಪ್ರತಿದಾಳಿನ್ ಮುರಿಯೆರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಂಡ್. 8ನೇ ಕಾರ್ಪ್ಸ್ ಟ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಗ್ರೂಪ್ ಡಬ್ನೊನ್ ದೆತೊನುದು 5 ದಿನೊಕುಲು ಅಯಿನ್ ಬಲವಾದ್ ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಪಡೆಲು ಮರುಪಡೆಯೆರೆ ದುಂಬು ದೀಯೆರ್' (ಕಾನ್ಸ್ಟಾಂಟಿನ್ ರೊಕೊಸೊವ್ಸ್ಕಿ, ನಿಕೋಲಾ ಫೆಕ್ಲೆಂಕೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಡಿ.ಐ ರೈಬ್ಜಾಸೆವ್ ನ ಅಡಿಟ್, 8ನೇ ಕಾರ್ಪ್ಸ್ ಟ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಗುಂಪುದ ಕಮಾಂಡರ್ ಕ್ರಮಾಂಕೊಡು ಬ್ರಿಗೇಡ್ ಕಮಿಸರ್ ಎನ್.ಕೆ. ಪೊಪೆಲ್ ಆದಿತ್ತೆರ್). ಒಂತೆ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆ ಊರುನು ಜರ್ಮನಿ ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಆಕ್ರಮಣದ ಸಮಯೊಡು, ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಲು 18ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಟೌನ್ ಹಾಲ್ ನ್ ಸ್ಫೋಟ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಲು ಒಂಜಿ ನಾಜಿ ಜೈಲುನ್,<ref>https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=747</ref> ಒಂಜಿ ವೆಹ್ರ್ಮಾಚ್ಟ್-ಚಾಲನೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಮಿಲಿಟರಿ ಜೈಲುನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಡಬ್ನೊಡು ಸ್ಟಾಲಾಗ್ ೩೬೦ ಯುದ್ಧ ಕೈದಿ ಶಿಬಿರೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಪಶಿಬಿರೊನು ನಡಪಾವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. ೧೯೪೩ ದ ದ್ವಿತೀಯಾರ್ಧೊಡು, ಡಬ್ನೊ ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯಾದ ಜನಾಂಗೀಯ ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಶ್ರಯ ಆಂಡ್, ಅಕುಲು ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯನ್ ಜನಾಂಗೀಯ ದೌರ್ಜನ್ಯೊಡ್ದ್ ತಪ್ಪಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳೆರೆ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಗ್ ಬತ್ತೆರ್. ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಸಹಿಸೊಂದಿತ್ತಿನ ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ಸ್ವರಕ್ಷಣೆದ ಒಂಜಿ ಘಟಕೊಡು ಈ ಊರುನು ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೨೮, ೧೯೪೪ಡ್, ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಲು ಡಬ್ನೊಡ್ದ್ ಬ್ರಾಡಿಗ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರೀಚ್ ಗ್ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಲೆನ್ ಸ್ಥಳಾಂತರಿಸಯೆರ್, ಅಲ್ಪ ಅಕುಲು ಗುಲಾಮೆ ಕಾರ್ಮಿಕೆರ್ ಆಯೆರ್. ೧೯೪೪ಡ್ ಡಬ್ನೊ ಮತ್ತೆ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊಡು ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಪಿರವು ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ಡ್ದ್ ದೆತೊನುನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಾಟ್ಸ್ಡ್ಯಾಮ್ ಸಮ್ಮೇಳನೊದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟೊಗು ಸ್ವಾಧೀನ ಆಂಡ್. ೧೯೫೯ಡ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾನ್ ನೆಪೊಮುಕ್ ನ ರೋಮನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ್ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಲು ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ಸಮುದಾಯದ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನೊಗು ಧನ್ಯವಾದೊಲು 1993ಡ್ ಉಂದು ಪುನರ್ ತೆರೆಯೊಂಡು.<ref>http://www.gazetagazeta.com/artman/publish/printer_16663.shtml</ref> ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ ವಿಸರ್ಜನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಡಬ್ನೊ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದೇಶೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆಂಡ್. === ಯೆಹೂದಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ೧೮೯೭ದ ಜನಗಣತಿ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಡಬ್ನೊಡ್ ೧೩,೭೮೫ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಉಂಡು, ಅಯಿಟ್ ೫,೬೦೮ ಯೆಹೂದಿಲು ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಯೆಹೂದಿ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಗು ಆದಾಯೊದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಮೂಲೊಲು ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೈಗಾರಿಕಾ ವೃತ್ತಿಲು. 902 ಕುಶಲಕರ್ಮಿಲು, 147 ದಿನೊತ ಕಾರ್ಮಿಕೆರ್, 27 ಕಾರ್ಖಾನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಗಾರೊದ ಉದ್ಯೋಗಿಲು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ 6 ಕುಟುಮೊಲು ಜಮಿನ್ ಕೃಷಿ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಊರುಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಯೆಹೂದಿ ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೆಲವು ಚೆಡೆರಿಮ್ (ಯೆಹೂದಿ ಶಾಲೆಲು) ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಡಬ್ನೊದ ಯೆಹೂದಿಲೆನ ಸಂಬಂಧೊಡು ಕೊರ್ತಿನ ಸುರುತ ದಿನಾಂಕ 17ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಸುರುತ ದಿನಾಂಕ. ೧೬೫೦ಡ್, ೪೭ ಯೆಹೂದಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೪೧ ಕ್ರಿಶ್ಚಿಯನ್ ತೆರಿಗೆ ಪಾಡುನ ಕುಟುಮೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಡಬ್ನೊ ಜೂಯಿಶ್ ಲೋಕೊಡು ರಬ್ಬಿ ಯೋಸೆಫ್ ಯಾಕೊವ್ ಸಬಾಟ್ಕಾ, "ಡಬ್ನೋದ ಯೋಸೆಫ್ ಯೋಸ್ಕೆ", ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜಾಕೋಬ್ ಬೆನ್ ವುಲ್ಫ್ ಕ್ರಾಂಜ್, "ಡಬ್ನೊ ಮ್ಯಾಗ್ಗಿಡ್" (ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಡಬ್ನರ್ ಮ್ಯಾಗ್ಗಿಡ್) ನ ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲದ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋತುಂಡು. ಶಾ'ರೆ ತೆಶುವಾ ದ ಲೇಖಕೆರ್ ಆಯಿನ ಹಯ್ಯಿಮ್ ಮೊರ್ಡೆಕೈ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲಿಯೊತ್, ಅಲ್ಪ ರಬ್ಬಿ ಆದಿತ್ತೆರ್ ಸಿ. ೧೮೧೦. ಒಂಜೊಂಜಿ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಬುದ್ಧಿಜೀವಿ ಜೋಯೆಲ್ ಬೇರ್ ಫಾಲ್ಕೊವಿಚ್ ಲಾ ಡಬ್ನೊಡು ಪುಟ್ಟುವೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲ್ಪದ ಹಸ್ಕಲಾದ ಪ್ರವರ್ತಕೆರ್ ಆದಿತ್ತೆರ್, ಆಂಡಲಾ ಆರ್ ಜೀವನೊಡು ನನೊಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿ ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾಗ್ ಸ್ಥಳಾಂತರ ಆಯೆರ್. ಡಬ್ನೊದ ನಾಜಿ ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಜೂನ್ ೨೫, ೧೯೪೧ಡ್ ಸುರು ಆಂಡ್. ೧೯೪೨ಡ್ ಪಾಸ್ಕೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ನಗರೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಘೆಟ್ಟೊನ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಘೆಟ್ಟೊಡು ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಯೆಹೂದಿ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ದ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಪೂರ್ವೊಗು ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಅನೇಕ ನಿರಾಶ್ರಿತೆರ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಡಬ್ನೋ ಘೆಟ್ಟೊಡು, ಮಾತಾ ಯೆಹೂದಿಲೆನ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಕೈಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಡೇವಿಡ್ ನಕ್ಷತ್ರೊಡು ಗುರುತಿಸಯೆರ್. ಒಂಜಿ ಎಲ್ಯ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು 12,000 ಜನಕುಲು ಇತ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ಘೆಟ್ಟೊಡು ಜನಸಂದಣಿ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಆಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಡವು/ರೋಗ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಆಂಡ್. ೨೪ ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ ೧೯೪೨ ಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಯೆಹೂದಿ ಸಮುದಾಯ ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವೊಡು ಇಜ್ಜಿ. ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಯೆಹೂದಿಲೆಡ್ ಬಹುತೇಕೆರ್ (ಸುಮಾರ್ 12,000, ಅಂಚ ಪಂಡ ಯುದ್ಧೊಗು ದುಂಬುದ ಊರುದ ನಿವಾಸಿಲೆಡ್ 59%) ಜನಸಂಹಾರೊಡು ಕೊಲೆಯಾಯೆರ್. ನಗರೊದ ಪಿದಯಿ ಎಸ್ ಎಸ್ ಐನ್ಸಾಟ್ಜ್ ಗ್ರೂಪ್ ದ ಸಾಮೂಹಿಕ ಮರಣದಂಡನೆಡ್ ಅಕುಲು ಗುಂಡು ಹಾರಿಸಯೆರ್. ನ್ಯೂರೆಂಬರ್ಗ್ ವಿಚಾರಣೆಡ್ ಹರ್ಮನ್ ಫ್ರೆಡ್ರಿಕ್ ಗ್ರೇಬೆ ಸಾಮೂಹಿಕ ಕೊಲೆದ ವಿವರವಾದ್ ವಿವರಣೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ಜರ್ಮನ್ 9ನೇ ಇನ್ಫಾಂಟ್ರಿ ರೆಜಿಮೆಂಟ್ ದ ಒರಿ ಜವನೆರ್ ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿ ಆಕ್ಸೆಲ್ ವಾನ್ ಡೆಮ್ ಬುಸ್ಚೆ ಮರಣದಂಡನೆಗ್ ಸಾಕ್ಷಿಯಾದ್ ಹಿಟ್ಲರ್ ನ ವಿರುದ್ಧದ ಪ್ರತಿರೋಧ ಚಳುವಳಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಪ್ರತಿಕ್ರಿಯೆ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ಸುಮಾರ್ 300 ಯೆಹೂದಿಲು ಹತ್ಯಾಕಾಂಡೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಬದುಕುದು ಉಪ್ಪೆರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20121207154545/http://chelm.freeyellow.com/dubnomemorial.html</ref> == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == ig6vkqfinqvvscci4d657ibql8z7q08 366873 366872 2026-08-24T09:43:25Z Sannidhishetty 9770 Sannidhishetty, ಪುಟೊ [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Sannidhishetty/ಕಲ್ಪುನಕಳ]] ನ್ [[ಡಬ್ನೊ]] ಗ್ ಕಡಪುಡಿಯೆರ್ 366872 wikitext text/x-wiki = ಡಬ್ನೊ= ಡಬ್ನೊ ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದ ರಿವ್ನೆ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್ (ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯ) ಡ್ ಇಕ್ವಾ ನದಿಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ನಗರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪುರಸಭೆ. ಉಂದು ಡಬ್ನೊ ರೈಯನ್ (ಜಿಲ್ಲೆ) ದ ಆಡಳಿತ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಆದ್ ಸೇವೆ ಮಲ್ಪುಂಡು. ಈ ನಗರ ರಡ್ಡ್ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಯುರೋಪಿಯನ್ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲೆನ ಛೇದನೊಡು ಉಂಡು, E40 ಬೊಕ್ಕ E85. ಈ ನಗರೊಡು 36,901 ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಉಂಡು ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಉಂಡು (2022 ಅಂದಾಜಿ)<ref>http://db.ukrcensus.gov.ua/PXWEB2007/ukr/publ_new1/2022/zb_%D0%A1huselnist.pdf</ref>. ಉಂದು ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯಾದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಉಂಡು. ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಉಂದು ಶೀತಲ ಸಮರದ ಸೌಲಭ್ಯ ಡಬ್ನೊ ಏರ್ ಬೇಸ್ ಗ್ ನೆಲೆಯಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಮೂಲದ ಲೇಖಕೆರ್ ನಿಕೋಲಾಯ್ ಗೊಗೊಲ್ ಬರೆತಿನ ತಾರಸ್ ಬುಲ್ಬಾ ಕಾದಂಬರಿಡ್ ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಆಯಿನ ಕೋಟೆಗ್ಲಾ ಈ ನಗರ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋತುಂಡು. == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == === ಮಧ್ಯ ಯುಗ === 1100 ದ ಒಂಜಿ ವೃತ್ತಾಂತೊಡು ಸುರುಕು ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಆಯಿನ, ಯಾರೋಸ್ಲಾವ್ ದಿ ವೈಸ್ ನ ಮೊಮ್ಮಗ ಡೇವಿಡ್ ಆಫ್ ಬ್ರೆಸ್ಟ್ [ಯುಕೆ][ಉಲ್ಲೇಖ ಅಗತ್ಯ] ನ ಕೈಟ್ ಇತ್ತಿನಗ, ಡಬ್ನೊ (ಅಪಗ ಡುಬೆನ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಲೆಪ್ಪುವೆರ್) ಒಂಜಿ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಅವಧಿಗ್ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ರಾಜಕುಮಾರೆರೆನ ಆಸನ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೨೪೦ಡ್ ಈ ಊರುನು ಮಂಗೋಲುಲು ದಾಳಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೪ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಪೋಲಿಷ್-ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ಪರ್ಧೆದ ವಿಷಯ ಆಂಡ್, ಅಯಿತ ಪರಿಣಾಮವಾದ್ ಡಬ್ನೊ ನನೊಂಜಿ ರಾಜ್ಯೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆಂಡ್. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕ್ರೆವೊ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟೊಡು (೧೩೮೫), ಉಂದು ಪೋಲಿಷ್-ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯನ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟೊದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್ ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ಪ್ರಭಾವೊಗು ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೩೮೬ಡ್ ರಾಜೆ ವ್ಲಾಡಿಸ್ಲಾವ್ II ಜಗಿಯೆಲೊ ಡಬ್ನೊನ್ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತದ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೊಗ್ ನೊಟ್ಟುಗು ಮ್ಯಾಗ್ನೇಟ್ ಫಿಯೋಡರ್ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೊಗ್ಸ್ಕಿಗ್ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದುಂಬುದ ೨೦೦ ವರ್ಸೊಗು ಉಂದು ಪ್ರಭಾವಶಾಲಿ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೊಗ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕುಟುಂಬೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ಖಾಸಗಿ ಊರು ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್.[೩] ನನೊಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿ, ಈ ನಗರ ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯಾಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹ ಕೋಟೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್ ಜಾಗಿಲ್ಲೊನ್ 1498ಡ್ ನಗರದ ಹಕ್ಕುಲೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ನ ಈ ಊರು ಮಸ್ತ್ ವಿದೇಶಿ ವಸಾಹತುದಾರೆರೆನ್ ಆಕರ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಯೆಹೂದಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅರ್ಮೇನಿಯನ್. ಅಂಚನೆ, ಉಂದು ಮಧ್ಯ-ಪೂರ್ವ ಯುರೋಪ್ ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪಿರಾಕ್ ದ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜೀವಂತ ಜೂಯಿಶ್ ಕಮ್ಯುನ್ ಲೆನ ಸ್ಥಾನ ಆಂಡ್. ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೊಗ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕುಟುಂಬದ ಆಡಳಿತೊಡು ಡಬ್ನೋ ಕೋಟೆನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. === ಸುರುತ ಆಧುನಿಕ ಕಾಲ === [[File:Castle in Dubno Ukraine.jpg|thumb|left|ಡಬ್ನೋ ಕೋಟೆ ದ ಒಂಜಿ ಗೋಪುರ]] ಡಬ್ನೊ ಕೋಟೆದ ಒಂಜಿ ಗೋಪುರ ೧೪೮೯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೫೦೬ ದ ನಡುಟು ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಕಾನ್ಸ್ಟಾಂಟಿ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೊಗ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವಿಸ್ತಾರ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಆರ್ ಉಂದೆನ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಧುನಿಕ ಕೋಟೆ ಆದ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಬಲವಾದ್ ಉಪ್ಪುನ ಕೋಟೆಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ. ೧೫೬೬ಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಡಬ್ನೊ ಲೆಸ್ಸರ್ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ಪ್ರಾಂತ್ಯೊದ ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯನ್ ವೊಯಿವೊಡೆಶಿಪ್ ದ ಭಾಗವಾದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೬೧೭ಡ್ ೧೬೦೫-೧೬೧೮ ದ ಪೋಲಿಷ್-ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ರಾಜಕುಮಾರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭವಿಷ್ಯದ ರಾಜೆ ವ್ಲಾಡಿಸ್ಲಾವ್ IV ವಾಸಾ ಈ ನಗರೊಡು ನೆಲೆಯಾಯೆರ್.<ref>http://www.gazetagazeta.com/artman/publish/printer_16663.shtml</ref> ೧೬೧೯ಡ್ ಜಾನುಸ್ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೊಗ್ಸ್ಕಿನ ಸಾವುಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಆರ್ನ ಕೊನೆತ ಸಂಬಂಧಿ, ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊನು ಆರ್ನ ಮೆಗ್ಯೆ ಅಲೆಕ್ಸಾಂಡರ್ ಜಾಸ್ಲಾವ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಸ್ಟ್ರೊಗ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕುಟುಂಬದ ಕ್ಯಾಡೆಟ್ ಶಾಖೆಡ್ ಆನುವಂಶಿಕವಾದ್ ಪಡೆಯೆರ್. ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ನವೋದಯ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಮಾನದಂಡೊಲೆಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಫಿರಂಗಿದ ಆಧುನೀಕರಣೊಗು ನಿಲೆ ಆಯೆರೆ ಉಂದು ಮತ್ತೆ ಆಧುನೀಕರಣ ಆಂಡ್. ಅಂಚನೆ, ೧೬೭೩ಡ್ ಉಂದು ಲುಬೊಮಿರ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಕುಟುಂಬೊಗು ಪೋಂಡು, ಅಕುಲು ಕೋಟೆದ ಗೋಡೆಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊಸ ಅರಮನೆನ್ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ 1766ಡ್ ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಮಲ್ತಿನ 13ನೇ ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ಇನ್ಫಾಂಟ್ರಿ ರೆಜಿಮೆಂಟ್ ಡಬ್ನೊಡ್ ನಿಲೆಯಾತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೭೮೦ ದಶಕೊಡು ಕೋಟೆ ಮತ್ತೊಂಜಿ ಆಧುನೀಕರಣೊಗು ಒಳಪಡ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಒಂಜಿ ವಸತಿ ಮ್ಯಾನರ್ ಆದ್ ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಆಂಡ್, ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನವು ಅಯಿತ ಕೋಟೆದ ಸ್ವರೂಪೊನು ಕಳೆವೊಂಡು. ೧೭೮೧ಡ್ ರಾಜೆ ಸ್ಟಾನಿಸ್ಲಾವ್ ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ ಪೊನಿಯಾಟೊವ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಡಬ್ನೊಗು ಭೇಟಿ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್.[೩] ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು, ಈ ಊರು ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯನ್ ವೊಯಿವೊಡೆಶಿಪ್ ದ ಮಲ್ಲ ವಸಾಹತು ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಈ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊದ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ದ ವಿಭಜನೆಲೆನ ನಡುಟು ಊರು ಸುರುತ ವಿಭಜನೆದ ನಂತರ ಬುಲೆಂಡ್, ದಾಯೆ ಪಂಡ ಆಸ್ಟ್ರಿಯಾ ಸ್ವಾಧೀನ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಲ್ವೊವ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಸ್ಜ್ಲಾಚ್ಟಾ ರಿಜಿಸ್ಟರ್ ನ್ ಅಲ್ಪ ಕಡಪುಡುವೆರ್. ಡಬ್ನೊನು ಸ್ವತಃ 1795ಡ್ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ದ ಮೂಜಿನೆ ವಿಭಜನೆದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಇಂಪೀರಿಯಲ್ ರಷ್ಯಾ ಸ್ವಾಧೀನ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್, ಅಯಿಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಶ್ರೀಮಂತೆರೆನ ನೋಂದಣಿನ್ ಕೀವ್ ಗ್ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಊರು ಅಯಿತ ಮಹತ್ವೊನು ಕಳೆವೊಂಡು, ಕ್ರಮೇಣ ನಿರ್ಲಕ್ಷ್ಯೊಗು ಬೂರುಂಡು. === ಕಡೆತ ಆಧುನಿಕ ಕಾಲ === [[File:Дубно. Центр города..jpg|thumb|220px|left|ಡಬ್ನೊದ ಪಿರಾಕ್ದ ಕೇಂದ್ರ]] ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ವಿರೋಧಿ ದಬ್ಬಾಳಿಕೆದ ಭಾಗವಾದ್, ರಷ್ಯಾದ ಆಡಳಿತ ಬರ್ನಾರ್ಡೈನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾರ್ಮೆಲೈಟ್ ಮಠೊಲೆನ್ ಮುಚ್ಚಿದ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ಡ್ದ್ ಜಪ್ತಿ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೮೭೦ಡ್ ಡಬ್ನೊನು ಒಂಜಿ ಕೋಟೆದ ಊರು ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಘೋಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಉಂದು ವಸಾಹತು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಸತಿ ನಿರ್ಮಾಣೊಗು ಗಂಭೀರ ಮಿತಿಲೆನ್ ಪಾಡ್ದ್, ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿನ್ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಮಿತಿ ಪಾಡ್ಂಡ್. ಆಂಡಲಾ, ಉಂದು ವಾಣಿಜ್ಯದ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹ ಕೇಂದ್ರವಾದ್ ಉಂತುಂಡು, ಮುಖ್ಯವಾದ್ ಊರುದ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತ ಅಸಂಖ್ಯಾತ ಚೆಕ್ ವಸಾಹತುಲು ಇತ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ಉಂದು ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯಾದ ಬ್ರೂವರಿ ಪನ್ಪಿನ ಅಡ್ಡನಾಮೊನು ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು. ಈ ಕೋಟೆ ೧೯೧೫ಡ್ ಸುರುತ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು ಹಾಳಾತ್ಂಡ್. 1918ಡ್ ರಾಜ್ಯದ ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯೊದ ನಂತರ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ದೇಶೊಗು ಪಿರ ದೆತೊಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಂಚನೆ ರಿಗಾ ಶಾಂತಿಡ್ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ಗ್ ಮಂಜೂರು ಆಂಡ್, ಉಂದು ಒಂಜಿ ಪೊವಿಯಾಟ್ ನ ಆಸನ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೆಒಪಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ಸೈನ್ಯೊದ ಗಮನಾರ್ಹ ಮಿಲಿಟರಿ ಗ್ಯಾರಿಸನ್ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್, 43ನೇ ರೈಫಲ್ ರೆಜಿಮೆಂಟ್ (13ನೇ ಇನ್ಫಾಂಟ್ರಿ ಡಿವಿಷನ್ ದ ಭಾಗ), ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕ್ರೆಂಡ್ ರೆಜಿಮೆಂಟ್ ಆಫ್ ಆರ್ಟಿಟೆಡ್ ಮೌನ್ಲಿನಿಯನ್ ಕ್ಯಾವಲ್ರಿ ಬ್ರಿಗೇಡ್) ಮುಲ್ಪ ನಿಲೆಯಾತ್ಂಡ್. ಡಬ್ನೊ ಪಾಪಲ್ ಈಸ್ಟರ್ನ್ ಸೆಮಿನರಿ (ಪಾಪಿಸ್ಕಿ ಸೆಮಿನಾರಿಯಂ ವ್ಸ್ಕೋಡ್ನಿ) ದ ಸ್ಥಾನಲಾ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೯೩೫ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಜೈಲ್ ನ್ ಕಟ್ಟೆರೆ ಸುರು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ಡ್ ಮೂಜಿನೆ ಮಲ್ಲ ಜೈಲ್ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೯೩೨ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯೩೯ದ ನಡುಟು ಕೋಟೆನ್ ಅಯಿತ ಮೂಲ ರೂಪೊಡು ಪುನರ್ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದು ಇತ್ತೆರ್, ಆಂಡ ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧ ಸುರುವಾನಗ ಕೆಲಸೊಲು ನಿಂತುಂಡು. ೧೯೩೭ಡ್, ಅಯಿತ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಆಪ್ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ೧೫,೫೦೦, ಅಯಿಟ್ ಯೆಹೂದಿಲು ೪೫%, ಉಕ್ರೇನಿಯನ್ ಲು ೨೯%, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ಲು ೨೬% ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ==== ರಡ್ಡನೆ ವಿಶ್ವ ಯುದ್ಧ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಪಿರವು ==== ೧೯೩೯ಡ್ ಮೊಲೊಟೊವ್-ರಿಬ್ಬೆಂಟ್ರಾಪ್ ಒಪ್ಪಂದೊದ ನಂತರ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟೊಡು ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಆಯಿನ ಉಂದು ಎನ್ ಕೆ ವಿ ಡಿ ದ ಕಠಿಣ ನೀತಿಲೆಗ್ ಒಳಪಡ್ಪುಂಡು. ಪೂರ್ಣ ಆವಂದಿನ ಜೈಲುನ್ ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ ೧೯೩೯ಡ್ ಎನ್ ಕೆ ವಿ ಡಿ ಸ್ವಾಧೀನೊಗು ದೆತೊನುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊಡು ಇತ್ತಿನ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ದ ಮಾತಾ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ರಾಜಕೀಯ ಕೈದಿಲೆಗ್ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. 1500 ಬೊಕ್ಕ 3000 ಕೈದಿಲೆನ್ ಕಠಿಣ ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿಡ್ ಅಲ್ಪ ದೀತೆರ್, ದುಂಬುದಕುಲೆನ್ ಸತತವಾದ್ ಗುಲಾಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಜೈಲುಲೆಗ್ ಸಾಗಾಣಿಕೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಬುಕ್ಕೊ ಪೊಸ ಕೈದಿಲು ಬರ್ಪೆರ್. ೧೯೪೦ಡ್ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ಲೆನ್ ಬಂಧಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುಎಸ್ಎಸ್ಆರ್ ದ ವಿವಿಧ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಗುಲಾಗ್ ಲೆಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜೈಲುಲೆಗ್ ಪುನರ್ವಸತಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ೧೯೪೧ಡ್, ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್-ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಯುದ್ಧ ಸುರು ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ೨೪ ಜೂನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೫ ಜೂನ್ ೧೯೪೧ಡ್, ಡಬ್ನೊ ಜೈಲುದ ಸುಮಾರ್ ೫೫೦ ಕೈದಿಲೆನ್ ವಾಪಸ್ ದೆತೊನುನ ಎನ್.ಕೆ.ವಿ.ಡಿ ಮರಣದಂಡನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್, ಅವುಲು ೮ ಜನ ಮಾತ್ರ ಬದುಕುದು ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಆ ಸಮಯೊಡು ಊರುದ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತ (ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಲುಟ್ಸ್ಕ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬ್ರಾಡಿದ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತ) ಒಂಜಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಟ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಯುದ್ಧ ನಡತ್ಂಡ್. ಬ್ರೊಡಿ ಯುದ್ಧೊಡು (೧೯೪೧) ಎವಾಲ್ಡ್ ವಾನ್ ಕ್ಲೈಸ್ಟ್ ನ ನೇತೃತ್ವೊಡು ಜರ್ಮನ್ ೧ನೇ ಪ್ಯಾಂಜರ್ ಗುಂಪು ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ೯ನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೯ನೆ ಮೆಕ್ಯಾನೈಸ್ಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಪ್ಸ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೮ನೆ ಮೆಕ್ಯಾನೈಸ್ಡ್ ಕಾರ್ಪ್ಸ್ ನ ಪ್ರತಿದಾಳಿನ್ ಮುರಿಯೆರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಂಡ್. 8ನೇ ಕಾರ್ಪ್ಸ್ ಟ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಗ್ರೂಪ್ ಡಬ್ನೊನ್ ದೆತೊನುದು 5 ದಿನೊಕುಲು ಅಯಿನ್ ಬಲವಾದ್ ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಪಡೆಲು ಮರುಪಡೆಯೆರೆ ದುಂಬು ದೀಯೆರ್' (ಕಾನ್ಸ್ಟಾಂಟಿನ್ ರೊಕೊಸೊವ್ಸ್ಕಿ, ನಿಕೋಲಾ ಫೆಕ್ಲೆಂಕೊ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಡಿ.ಐ ರೈಬ್ಜಾಸೆವ್ ನ ಅಡಿಟ್, 8ನೇ ಕಾರ್ಪ್ಸ್ ಟ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಗುಂಪುದ ಕಮಾಂಡರ್ ಕ್ರಮಾಂಕೊಡು ಬ್ರಿಗೇಡ್ ಕಮಿಸರ್ ಎನ್.ಕೆ. ಪೊಪೆಲ್ ಆದಿತ್ತೆರ್). ಒಂತೆ ಸಮಯೊಡ್ದು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆ ಊರುನು ಜರ್ಮನಿ ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಮಲ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಆಕ್ರಮಣದ ಸಮಯೊಡು, ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಲು 18ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಟೌನ್ ಹಾಲ್ ನ್ ಸ್ಫೋಟ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಲು ಒಂಜಿ ನಾಜಿ ಜೈಲುನ್,<ref>https://www.bundesarchiv.de/zwangsarbeit/haftstaetten/index.php?action=2.2&tab=7&id=747</ref> ಒಂಜಿ ವೆಹ್ರ್ಮಾಚ್ಟ್-ಚಾಲನೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಮಿಲಿಟರಿ ಜೈಲುನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಡಬ್ನೊಡು ಸ್ಟಾಲಾಗ್ ೩೬೦ ಯುದ್ಧ ಕೈದಿ ಶಿಬಿರೊದ ಒಂಜಿ ಉಪಶಿಬಿರೊನು ನಡಪಾವೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. ೧೯೪೩ ದ ದ್ವಿತೀಯಾರ್ಧೊಡು, ಡಬ್ನೊ ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯಾದ ಜನಾಂಗೀಯ ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆಗ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಶ್ರಯ ಆಂಡ್, ಅಕುಲು ವೊಲ್ಹಿನಿಯನ್ ಜನಾಂಗೀಯ ದೌರ್ಜನ್ಯೊಡ್ದ್ ತಪ್ಪಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳೆರೆ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಗ್ ಬತ್ತೆರ್. ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿಲು ಸಹಿಸೊಂದಿತ್ತಿನ ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ಸ್ವರಕ್ಷಣೆದ ಒಂಜಿ ಘಟಕೊಡು ಈ ಊರುನು ರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ ೨೮, ೧೯೪೪ಡ್, ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಲು ಡಬ್ನೊಡ್ದ್ ಬ್ರಾಡಿಗ್, ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರೀಚ್ ಗ್ ಪೊಲೀಸ್ ಲೆನ್ ಸ್ಥಳಾಂತರಿಸಯೆರ್, ಅಲ್ಪ ಅಕುಲು ಗುಲಾಮೆ ಕಾರ್ಮಿಕೆರ್ ಆಯೆರ್. ೧೯೪೪ಡ್ ಡಬ್ನೊ ಮತ್ತೆ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಣೊಡು ಬತ್ತ್ಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಯುದ್ಧೊದ ಪಿರವು ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ಡ್ದ್ ದೆತೊನುನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪಾಟ್ಸ್ಡ್ಯಾಮ್ ಸಮ್ಮೇಳನೊದ ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟೊಗು ಸ್ವಾಧೀನ ಆಂಡ್. ೧೯೫೯ಡ್ ಸೈಂಟ್ ಜಾನ್ ನೆಪೊಮುಕ್ ನ ರೋಮನ್ ಕ್ಯಾಥೊಲಿಕ್ ಚರ್ಚ್ ನ್ ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಲು ಮುಚ್ಚಿಯೆರ್. ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಪೋಲಿಷ್ ಸಮುದಾಯದ ಪ್ರಯತ್ನೊಗು ಧನ್ಯವಾದೊಲು 1993ಡ್ ಉಂದು ಪುನರ್ ತೆರೆಯೊಂಡು.<ref>http://www.gazetagazeta.com/artman/publish/printer_16663.shtml</ref> ಸೋವಿಯೆತ್ ಒಕ್ಕೂಟ ವಿಸರ್ಜನೆ ಆಯಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಡಬ್ನೊ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ ದೇಶೊದ ಭಾಗ ಆಂಡ್. === ಯೆಹೂದಿ ಇತಿಹಾಸ === ೧೮೯೭ದ ಜನಗಣತಿ ಪ್ರಕಾರ, ಡಬ್ನೊಡ್ ೧೩,೭೮೫ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಉಂಡು, ಅಯಿಟ್ ೫,೬೦೮ ಯೆಹೂದಿಲು ಉಲ್ಲೆರ್. ಯೆಹೂದಿ ಸಮುದಾಯೊಗು ಆದಾಯೊದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಮೂಲೊಲು ವ್ಯಾಪಾರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೈಗಾರಿಕಾ ವೃತ್ತಿಲು. 902 ಕುಶಲಕರ್ಮಿಲು, 147 ದಿನೊತ ಕಾರ್ಮಿಕೆರ್, 27 ಕಾರ್ಖಾನೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕಾರ್ಯಾಗಾರೊದ ಉದ್ಯೋಗಿಲು, ಬೊಕ್ಕ 6 ಕುಟುಮೊಲು ಜಮಿನ್ ಕೃಷಿ ಮಲ್ತೊಂದಿತ್ತೆರ್. ಊರುಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಯೆಹೂದಿ ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಕೆಲವು ಚೆಡೆರಿಮ್ (ಯೆಹೂದಿ ಶಾಲೆಲು) ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಡಬ್ನೊದ ಯೆಹೂದಿಲೆನ ಸಂಬಂಧೊಡು ಕೊರ್ತಿನ ಸುರುತ ದಿನಾಂಕ 17ನೆ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಸುರುತ ದಿನಾಂಕ. ೧೬೫೦ಡ್, ೪೭ ಯೆಹೂದಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೧೪೧ ಕ್ರಿಶ್ಚಿಯನ್ ತೆರಿಗೆ ಪಾಡುನ ಕುಟುಮೊಲು ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ಡಬ್ನೊ ಜೂಯಿಶ್ ಲೋಕೊಡು ರಬ್ಬಿ ಯೋಸೆಫ್ ಯಾಕೊವ್ ಸಬಾಟ್ಕಾ, "ಡಬ್ನೋದ ಯೋಸೆಫ್ ಯೋಸ್ಕೆ", ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಜಾಕೋಬ್ ಬೆನ್ ವುಲ್ಫ್ ಕ್ರಾಂಜ್, "ಡಬ್ನೊ ಮ್ಯಾಗ್ಗಿಡ್" (ಅತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಡಬ್ನರ್ ಮ್ಯಾಗ್ಗಿಡ್) ನ ದೀರ್ಘಕಾಲದ ಇಲ್ಲ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪುದರ್ ಪೋತುಂಡು. ಶಾ'ರೆ ತೆಶುವಾ ದ ಲೇಖಕೆರ್ ಆಯಿನ ಹಯ್ಯಿಮ್ ಮೊರ್ಡೆಕೈ ಮಾರ್ಗೊಲಿಯೊತ್, ಅಲ್ಪ ರಬ್ಬಿ ಆದಿತ್ತೆರ್ ಸಿ. ೧೮೧೦. ಒಂಜೊಂಜಿ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಬುದ್ಧಿಜೀವಿ ಜೋಯೆಲ್ ಬೇರ್ ಫಾಲ್ಕೊವಿಚ್ ಲಾ ಡಬ್ನೊಡು ಪುಟ್ಟುವೆರ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಅಲ್ಪದ ಹಸ್ಕಲಾದ ಪ್ರವರ್ತಕೆರ್ ಆದಿತ್ತೆರ್, ಆಂಡಲಾ ಆರ್ ಜೀವನೊಡು ನನೊಂಜಿ ಸರ್ತಿ ಒಡೆಸ್ಸಾಗ್ ಸ್ಥಳಾಂತರ ಆಯೆರ್. ಡಬ್ನೊದ ನಾಜಿ ಆಕ್ರಮಣ ಜೂನ್ ೨೫, ೧೯೪೧ಡ್ ಸುರು ಆಂಡ್. ೧೯೪೨ಡ್ ಪಾಸ್ಕೊದ ಪೊರ್ತುಡು, ನಗರೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಮಲ್ಲ ಘೆಟ್ಟೊನ್ ರಚನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಘೆಟ್ಟೊಡು ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಯೆಹೂದಿ ಜನಸಂಖ್ಯೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಪೋಲೆಂಡ್ ದ ಬೇತೆ ಭಾಗೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಪೂರ್ವೊಗು ಪಲಾಯನ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಅನೇಕ ನಿರಾಶ್ರಿತೆರ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಇತ್ತೆರ್. ಡಬ್ನೋ ಘೆಟ್ಟೊಡು, ಮಾತಾ ಯೆಹೂದಿಲೆನ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಕೈಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಡೇವಿಡ್ ನಕ್ಷತ್ರೊಡು ಗುರುತಿಸಯೆರ್. ಒಂಜಿ ಎಲ್ಯ ಪ್ರದೇಶೊಡು 12,000 ಜನಕುಲು ಇತ್ತಿನೆಡ್ದಾವರ, ಘೆಟ್ಟೊಡು ಜನಸಂದಣಿ ಜಾಸ್ತಿ ಆಂಡ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬಡವು/ರೋಗ ಮಸ್ತ್ ಆಂಡ್. ೨೪ ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ ೧೯೪೨ ಡ್ದ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ, ಯೆಹೂದಿ ಸಮುದಾಯ ಅಸ್ತಿತ್ವೊಡು ಇಜ್ಜಿ. ಸ್ಥಳೀಯ ಯೆಹೂದಿಲೆಡ್ ಬಹುತೇಕೆರ್ (ಸುಮಾರ್ 12,000, ಅಂಚ ಪಂಡ ಯುದ್ಧೊಗು ದುಂಬುದ ಊರುದ ನಿವಾಸಿಲೆಡ್ 59%) ಜನಸಂಹಾರೊಡು ಕೊಲೆಯಾಯೆರ್. ನಗರೊದ ಪಿದಯಿ ಎಸ್ ಎಸ್ ಐನ್ಸಾಟ್ಜ್ ಗ್ರೂಪ್ ದ ಸಾಮೂಹಿಕ ಮರಣದಂಡನೆಡ್ ಅಕುಲು ಗುಂಡು ಹಾರಿಸಯೆರ್. ನ್ಯೂರೆಂಬರ್ಗ್ ವಿಚಾರಣೆಡ್ ಹರ್ಮನ್ ಫ್ರೆಡ್ರಿಕ್ ಗ್ರೇಬೆ ಸಾಮೂಹಿಕ ಕೊಲೆದ ವಿವರವಾದ್ ವಿವರಣೆನ್ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ಜರ್ಮನ್ 9ನೇ ಇನ್ಫಾಂಟ್ರಿ ರೆಜಿಮೆಂಟ್ ದ ಒರಿ ಜವನೆರ್ ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಅಧಿಕಾರಿ ಆಕ್ಸೆಲ್ ವಾನ್ ಡೆಮ್ ಬುಸ್ಚೆ ಮರಣದಂಡನೆಗ್ ಸಾಕ್ಷಿಯಾದ್ ಹಿಟ್ಲರ್ ನ ವಿರುದ್ಧದ ಪ್ರತಿರೋಧ ಚಳುವಳಿಗ್ ಸೇರ್ದ್ ಪ್ರತಿಕ್ರಿಯೆ ಕೊರ್ತೆರ್. ಸುಮಾರ್ 300 ಯೆಹೂದಿಲು ಹತ್ಯಾಕಾಂಡೊಲೆಡ್ದ್ ಬದುಕುದು ಉಪ್ಪೆರೆ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಂಡ್.<ref>https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20121207154545/http://chelm.freeyellow.com/dubnomemorial.html</ref> == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == ig6vkqfinqvvscci4d657ibql8z7q08 0 28174 366870 2026-08-24T09:29:38Z Hariprasad Shetty10 6127 ಹೊಸ ಪುಟ: {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | name = ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ | native_name = Struve Geodetic Arc | image = Hammerfest, fuglenes, memoriale per l'arco geodetico di struve, misurato a partire da qui, colonna 02.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | caption = ನಾರ್ವೆದ ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ... 366870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | name = ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ | native_name = Struve Geodetic Arc | image = Hammerfest, fuglenes, memoriale per l'arco geodetico di struve, misurato a partire da qui, colonna 02.jpg | image_upright = 1.2 | caption = ನಾರ್ವೆದ ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ತುದಿದ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ | location = ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ, ಬೆಲಾರಸ್, ಫಿನ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್, ಲಾತ್ವಿಯಾ, ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯಾ, ನಾರ್ವೆ, ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾ, ರಷ್ಯಾ, ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ | coordinates = {{coord|59|3|28|N|26|20|16|E|display=title,inline|format=dms}} | criteria = (ii), (iii), (vi) | ID = 1187 | year = 2005 }} [[File:Tartu asv2022-04 img06 Old Observatory.jpg|thumb|right|ತರ್ತು ಪರತ್ತ್ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ, ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಸುರುತ ಬಿಂದು]] [[File:GoglandZ.jpg|thumb|right|ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ ಜೆಡ್, ಗೊಗ್ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್, ರಷ್ಯಾ]] [[File:Struve Geodetic Arc in Felshtyn.jpg|thumb|right|ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ದ ಫೆಲ್ಶ್ಟಿನ್‌ಡ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ಫಲಕ]] [[File:Rudi IMG 4386.jpg|thumb|right|ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾದ ರುಡಿಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್]] '''ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್''' ({{langx|en|Struve Geodetic Arc}}) ಪಂಡ ನಾರ್ವೆಡ್ ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್‌ಡ್ದ್ ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರೊ ಮಟ್ಟೊಡು ೨,೮೨೦ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್ (೧,೭೫೦ ಮೈಲ್) ಮುಟ್ಟ ವ್ಯಾಪಿಸಾಯಿನ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ತ್ರಿಕೋನೊಲೆನ ಸರಪಳಿ. ಉಂದು ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ನು ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಅಳತೆ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಉದ್ದೇಶೊಡು ನಿರ್ಮಾಣ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ಒಂಜಿ ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಯೋಜನೆ ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> == ಇತಿಹಾಸ == ಈ ಸರಪಳಿನ್ ಜರ್ಮನ್ ಮೂಲದ [[ರಷ್ಯಾ]]ದ ವಿಜ್ಞಾನಿ ಫ್ರೆಡ್ರಿಚ್ ಜಾರ್ಜ್ ವಿಲ್ಹೆಲ್ಮ್ ವಾನ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ೧೮೧೬ ಡ್ದ್ ೧೮೫೫ ಮುಟ್ಟ ನಿಖರ ಗಾತ್ರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಆಕಾರ ಕಂಡ್ ಪತ್ತರೆ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ಪೆರೆ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಆ ಕಾಲೊಡು ಈ ಸರಪಳಿ ಮೂಜಿ ದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ ಮಾತ್ರ ಪಾಸ್ ಆಂಡ್: [[ನಾರ್ವೆ]], ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರಷ್ಯನ್ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ. ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಸುರುತ ಬಿಂದು ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾಡ್ ಟಾರ್ಟು ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯೊಡ್ ಉಂಡು. ಅಲ್ಪ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ತನ್ನ ಮಸ್ತ್ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆನ್ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="nor"/> ತ್ರಿಕೋನ ಸರಪಳಿಡ್ ಒಟ್ಟು ೨೫೮ ಮುಖ್ಯ ತ್ರಿಕೋನೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೨೬೫ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಶಿರೋಭಾಗೊಲು ಉಂಡು.<ref name="UNESCO"/> ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ಬಿಂದು ನಾರ್ವೆದ ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊದ ಬಿಂದು ಉಕ್ರೇನ್‌ಡ್ ಕಪ್ಪು ಸಮುದ್ರೊದ ಕೈತಲ್ ಉಂಡು. == ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ == ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಮುಖ್ಯ ಉದ್ದೇಶ ಭೂಮಿದ ಆಕಾರ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಗಾತ್ರೊನು ಅತ್ಯಂತ ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಅಳೆಪ್ಪುನದು ಆತ್ತ್ಂಡ್. ವಿವಿಧ ಬೆಟ್ಟೊಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಎತ್ತರದ ಸ್ಥಳೊಲೆಡ್ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣೊಲೆನ್ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್, ಅಯಿತ್ ಆಧಾರಡ್ ತ್ರಿಕೋನಮಿತಿ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಈ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ಮೂಲಕ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ದ ಉದ್ದೊನು ಅಳೆಪ್ಪುನ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭೂಮಿದ ಧ್ರುವೀಯ ಚಪ್ಪಟೆತನೊನು ನಿರ್ಧಾರ ಮಲ್ಪುನ ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಯೆ. == UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ == ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ನು [[ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆದ ಪಟ್ಟಿ]]ಗ್ ಸೇರ್ಪಡೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಜಿಯೋಡೆಸಿಡ್ ಈ ತಾಣೊದ ಮಹತ್ವ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ವಿವಿಧ ದೇಶೊಲೆನ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಸಹಕಾರೊದ ಸಾಕ್ಷ್ಯ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ UNESCO ಗುರುತಿಸ್ತುಂಡು.<ref name="UNESCO">{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1187 |title=Struve Geodetic Arc |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization |access-date=11 September 2021 }}</ref> ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣೊಡು ಮೂಲ ೨೬೫ ಮುಖ್ಯ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣೊಲೆಡ್ ಆಯ್ಕೆ ಮಲ್ತಿನ ೩೪ ಸ್ಮಾರಕ ಬಿಂದುಲು ಉಂಡು. ಅಯಿತ್ ಕಲ್ಲ್‌ಡ್ ಕೊರೆಯಿನ ಗುರುತುಲು, ಕಬ್ಬಿಣದ ಶಿಲುಬೆಲು, ಕಲ್ಲ್ ರಾಶಿಲು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಬೇತೆ ಗುರುತುಲು ಸೇರ್ದುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> ಈ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ ಪತ್ತ್ ದೇಶೊಲೆಡ್ ಹರಡಿದ್ದುಂಡು. ಉಂದು UNESCOದ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಪಟ್ಟಿಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಅಂತರರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಸರಣಿ ತಾಣೊಲೆಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಆಂಡ್.<ref name="UNESCO"/> == ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಮಹತ್ವ == ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ ೧೯ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊದ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಸಿ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಭೂಮಿದ ಅಳತೆದ ಇತಿಹಾಸೊಡು ಒಂಜಿ ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಸಾಧನೆ ಆಂಡ್. ಈ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆದ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲೆನ್ ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ಭೂಮಿದ ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಧ್ರುವೀಯ ಚಪ್ಪಟೆತನೊನು ಆ ಕಾಲೊದ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನೊಡು ಸಾಧ್ಯ ಆಯಿನಷ್ಟು ನಿಖರವಾದ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. == ಸರಣಿ == === ನಾರ್ವೆ === * [[ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್]]ಡ್, [[ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್]] ({{coord|70|40|12|N|23|39|48|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> * ರೈಪಾಸ್, [[ಆಲ್ಟಾ ಪುರಸಭೆ|ಆಲ್ಟಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|69|56|19|N|23|21|37|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> * ಲುವ್ದೀದ್‌ಚೋಹ್ಕಾ, [[ಕೌಟೋಕೈನೊ ಪುರಸಭೆ|ಕೌಟೋಕೈನೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|69|39|52|N|23|36|08|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> * ಬೈಲ್ಜಸ್ವಾರಿ, ಕೌಟೋಕೈನೊಡ್ ({{coord|69|01|43|N|23|18|19|E|type:landmark_region:NO}})<ref name="nor"/> === ಸ್ವೀಡನ್ === * "ಪೈತಾಸ್-ವಾರಾ" ([[ಟಿನ್ನಿರಿಲಾಕಿ]]), [[ಕಿರುನಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|68|15|18|N|22|58|59|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) * "ಕೆರುಜುಪುಕ್ಕಾ" ([[ಜುಪುಕ್ಕಾ]]), [[ಪಜಾಲಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|67|16|36|N|23|14|35|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) * [[ಪುಲ್ಲಿಂಕಿ]], [[ಓವರ್‌ಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|66|38|47|N|23|46|55|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) * "ಪೆರ್ರಾ-ವಾರಾ" ([[ಪೆರಾವಾರಾ]]), [[ಹಾಪರಾಂಡಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|66|1|5|N|23|55|21|E|type:landmark_region:SE}}) === ಫಿನ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್ === * ಸ್ಟುಯೋರ್-ಒಯಿವಿ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಸ್ಟುಯೊರ್ರಹಾನೊಆಯಿವಿ]]), [[ಎನೊಂಟೆಕಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|68|40|57|N|22|44|45|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಅವಸಾಕ್ಸಾ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಆವಾಸಾಕ್ಸಾ]]), [[ಯ್ಲಿಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|66|23|52|N|23|43|31|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ (ಇತ್ತೆ ಅಲಾಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ ಚರ್ಚ್), [[ಟೋರ್ನಿಯೊ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|65|49|48|N|24|09|26|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಪುಒಲಕ್ಕಾ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಒರವಿವೌರಿ]]), [[ಕೋರ್ಪಿಲಾಹ್ತಿ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|61|55|36|N|25|32|01|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಪೊರ್ಲೋಮ್ II (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಟೋರ್ನಿಕಾಲ್ಲಿಯೊ]]), [[ಲಾಪಿಂಜಾರ್ವಿ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|60|42|17|N|26|00|12|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) * ಸ್ವಾರ್ಟ್ವಿರಾ (ಇತ್ತೆ [[ಮುಸ್ತಾವೀರಿ]]), [[ಪಿಹ್ತಾಯಾ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|60|16|35|N|26|36|12|E|type:landmark_region:FI}}) === ರಷ್ಯಾ === * "ಮಾಕಿ-ಪಾಲಿಸ್" ([[ಮಾಕಿಪಾಲ್ಲಿಸ್]]) — ೧೯೧೭/೧೯೨೦–೧೯೪೦ರ ಅವಧಿಡ್ ಫಿನ್‌ಲ್ಯಾಂಡ್‌ದ ಭಾಗ — [[ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್]] (ಸುರ್ಸಾರಿ) ({{coord|60|4|27|N|26|58|11|E}}) * "ಹೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್, Z" (ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್, ತೋಚ್ಕಾ Z), [[ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|60|5|9.8|N|26|57|37.5|E|type:landmark_region:RU}}) === ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ === * "ವೊಯಿಬಿಫರ್" ([[ವೊಯಿವೆರೆ]]), ವೈಕೆ-ಮಾರ್ಯ ಪ್ಯಾರಿಷ್‌ಡ್ ({{coord|59|03|28|N|26|20|16|E|type:landmark_region:EE}}) * "ಕಾಟ್ಕೊ" ([[ಸಿಮುನಾ, ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯಾ|ಸಿಮುನಾ]]), ವೈಕೆ-ಮಾರ್ಯ ಪ್ಯಾರಿಷ್‌ಡ್ ({{coord|59|02|54|N|26|24|51|E|type:landmark_region:EE}}) * "ಡೋರ್ಪಾಟ್" ([[ಟಾರ್ಟು ಹಳೆಯ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ]]), [[ಟಾರ್ಟು]]ಡ್ ({{coord|58|22|43.64|N|26|43|12.61|E|type:landmark_region:EE}}) === ಲಾತ್ವಿಯಾ === * "ಸೆಸ್ಟು-ಕಾಲ್ನ್ಸ್" (ಜಿಯೆಸ್ಟು), [[ಎರ್ಗ್ಳು]]ಡ್ ({{coord|56|50|24|N|25|38|12|E|type:landmark_region:LV}}) * "ಯಾಕೋಬ್ಸ್ಟಾಡ್ಟ್", [[ಯೇಕಾಬ್ಪಿಲ್ಸ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|56|30|05|N|25|51|24|E|type:landmark_region:LV}}) === ಲಿಥುವೇನಿಯಾ === * "ಕಾರಿಶ್ಕಿ" (ಗಿರೆಯಿಶಿಯಾಯ್), [[ಪನೆಮುನೆಲಿಸ್]]ದ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊಡು ({{coord|55|54|09|N|25|26|12|E|type:landmark_region:LT}}) * "ಮೆಶ್ಕಾಂಜಿ" (ಮೆಶ್ಕೋನಿಸ್), [[ನೆಮೆಂಚಿನೆ]]ಡ್ ({{coord|54|55|51|N|25|19|00|E|type:landmark_region:LT}}) * "ಬೆರೆಸ್ನ್ಯಾಕಿ" (ಪಾಲಿಯೆಪಿಯುಕೈ), [[ನೆಮೆಜಿಸ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|54|38|04|N|25|25|45|E|type:landmark_region:LT}}) === ಬೆಲಾರಸ್ === * "ಟುಪಿಶ್ಕಿ" (ಟುಪಿಶ್ಕಿ), [[ಅಶ್ಮ್ಯಾನಿ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|54|17|30|N|26|2|43|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಲೋಪಾಟಿ" (ಲೋಪಾಟಿ), [[ಝೆಲ್ವಾ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|53|33|38|N|24|52|11|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಒಸ್ಸೋವ್ನಿಟ್ಸಾ" (ಒಸ್ಸೊವ್ನಿಟ್ಸಾ), [[ಇವಾನೊವೊ (ಬೆಲಾರಸ್)|ಇವಾನೊವೊ]] ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|52|17|22|N|25|38|58|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಚೆಕುಟ್ಸ್ಕ್" (ಚೆಕುಟ್ಸ್ಕ್), ಇವಾನೊವೊ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|52|12|28|N|25|33|23|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) * "ಲೆಸ್ಕೊವಿಟ್ಸ್ಚಿ" (ಲೆಸ್ಕೊವಿಚಿ), ಇವಾನೊವೊ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|52|9|39|N|25|34|17|E|type:landmark_region:BY}}) === ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾ === * "[[ರುಡಿ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್|ರುಡಿ]]" — ವಾನ್ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆದ spellingಡ್ "Rudy" — [[ರುಡಿ, ಸೊರೊಕಾ|ರುಡಿ]] ಊರ್ದ ಹತ್ತರೆ, ಸೊರೊಕಾ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಡ್ ({{coord|48|19|08|N|27|52|36|E|type:landmark_region:MD}}) === ಉಕ್ರೇನ್ === * ಕಟೆರಿನಿವ್ಕಾ, [[ಆಂಟೋನಿವ್ಕಾ, ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್|ಆಂಟೋನಿವ್ಕಾ]], [[ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|49|33|57|N|26|45|22|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) * ಫೆಲ್ಶ್ಟಿನ್, [[ಹ್ವಾರ್ದಿಸ್ಕೆ, ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|49|19|48|N|26|40|55|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) * ಬರಾನಿವ್ಕಾ, [[ಬರಾನಿವ್ಕಾ, ಖ್ಮೆಲ್ನಿತ್ಸ್ಕಿ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|49|08|55|N|26|59|30|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) * ಸ್ಟಾರೊ-ನೆಕ್ರಾಸಿವ್ಕಾ, [[ಸ್ಟಾರಾ ನೆಕ್ರಾಸಿವ್ಕಾ]], [[ಒಡೆಸಾ ಒಬ್ಲಾಸ್ಟ್]]ಡ್ ({{coord|45|19|57.5|N|28|55|40|E|type:landmark_region:UA}}) == ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲು == === ಐತಿಹಾಸಿಕ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶೊಲು === ೧೮೫೮ಡ್ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆ ಆಯಿನ ಅಳತೆದ ಆಧಾರಡ್ ಭೂಮಿದ ಚಪ್ಪಟೆತನೊನು ೨೯೪.೨೬ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಭೂಮಿದ ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯ ೬,೩೭೮,೩೬೦.೭ ಮೀಟರ್ (೨೦,೯೨೬,೩೮೦ ಅಡಿ) ಪಂದ್ ಅಂದಾಜಿ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್.<ref name="nor">[[Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage]], Dronningensg 13, P.O.Box 8196, Dep. 0034, [[Oslo]], Norway (2005), ''Norwegian Points on The Struve Geodetic Arc'' (pamphlet)</ref> === ಆಧುನಿಕ ಅಳತೆ === ೨೦೦೫ಡ್ ಉಪಗ್ರಹ ನ್ಯಾವಿಗೇಷನ್ ತಂತ್ರಜ್ಞಾನೊನು ಬಳಕೆ ಮಲ್ತ್ ದ್ ಈ ಬೇಲೆನ್ ಪುನರಾವರ್ತನೆ ಮಲ್ತೆರ್. ಪೊಸ ಫ್ಲಾಟೆನಿಂಗ್ ಅಂದಾಜು ೨೯೮.೨೫೭ ೨೨೨ ೧೦೧ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗ ಆದುಂಡು ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸಮಭಾಜಕ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯ ೬,೩೭೮,೧೩೬.೮ ಮೀಟರ್ (೨೦,೯೨೫,೬೪೬ ಅಡಿ) ಆದುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> ದುಂಬುದ ಒಂಜಿ ಸಮೀಕ್ಷೆ ೧೭೪೦ಡ್ ೧೭೮ಡ್ ಒಂಜಿ ಭಾಗೊಡು ಫ್ಲಾಟೆನಿಂಗ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ೬,೩೯೬,೮೦೦ ಮೀಟರ್ (೨೦,೯೮೬,೯೦೦ ಅಡಿ) ವಿಷುವತ್ತ ತ್ರಿಜ್ಯೊನು ಕೊರ್ತುಂಡು.<ref name="nor"/> === ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಅಳತೆಲು === * '''ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ಬಿಂದು:''' ಹ್ಯಾಮರ್‌ಫೆಸ್ಟ್ (ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್) — ೭೦° ೪೦′ ೧೧.೨೩″ ಉತ್ತರ<ref name="nor"/> * '''ಅತ್ಯಂತ ದಕ್ಷಿಣೊದ ಬಿಂದು:''' ಇಸ್ಮಾಯಿಲ್ (ಸ್ಟಾರೊ-ನೆಕ್ರಾಸೊವ್ಕಾ) — ೪೫° ೨೦′ ೦೨.೯೪″ ಉತ್ತರ<ref name="nor"/> * '''ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಅಕ್ಷಾಂಶೊಡು ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸ:''' ೨೫° ೨೦′ ೦೮.೨೯″<ref name="nor"/> * '''ಒಟ್ಟು ದೂರ:''' ೨,೮೨೧.೮೫೩ ± ೦.೦೧೨ ಕಿಲೋಮೀಟರ್<ref name="nor"/> == ಉಂದೆನುಲಾ ತೂಲೆ == * [[ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್]] == ಚಿತ್ರೊ ಸಂಗ್ರಹ == <gallery mode="packed" heights="180"> File:Tartu asv2022-04 img06 Old Observatory.jpg|ಟಾರ್ಟು ಹಳೆಯ ವೀಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯ File:GoglandZ.jpg|ಗೊಗ್ಲಾಂಡ್‌ದ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ Z File:Struve Geodetic Arc in Felshtyn.jpg|ಫೆಲ್ಶ್ಟಿನ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ಫಲಕ File:Rudi IMG 4386.jpg|ಮೊಲ್ಡೊವಾದ ರುಡಿದ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಪಾಯಿಂಟ್ File:Hammerfest, fuglenes, memoriale per l'arco geodetico di struve, misurato a partire da qui, colonna 02.jpg|ಫುಗ್ಲೆನೆಸ್‌ಡ್ ಇಪ್ಪುನ ಉತ್ತರೊದ ನಿಲ್ದಾಣ </gallery> == ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == {{Reflist}} == ಬಾಹ್ಯ ಕೊಂಡಿಲುಲು == {{Commons|Struve Geodetic Arc}} * [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1187 ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ — UNESCO ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಕೇಂದ್ರ] * [https://whc.unesco.org/archive/advisory_body_evaluation/1187.pdf UNESCOದ ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನ ವರದಿ] * [http://www.fig.net/news/news_2004/struve.htm FIG – ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್ ವಿಶ್ವ ಪರಂಪರೆ ತಾಣ ಆವೊಡ್ ಪಂಡ್ದ್ ಪ್ರಸ್ತಾಪ] * [http://www.fig.net/hsm/struve/struve_arc_smith_2005.pdf J. R. Smith – The Struve Geodetic Arc] * [http://struvearc.lv Latvia Struve Arc ವೆಬ್‌ಸೈಟ್] * [http://post.ee/?id=1595&product_id=8192&c_tpl=1019 ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಸ್ಟ್ರೂವೆ ಜಿಯೋಡೆಟಿಕ್ ಆರ್ಕ್‌ಗ್ ಸಮರ್ಪಿತ ಎಸ್ಟೋನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ಮರಣಾರ್ಥ ಅಂಚೆ ಚೀಟಿ] == ಸಂಬಂಧಿತ ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊಲು == * [[ಪ್ಯಾರಿಸ್ ಮೆರಿಡಿಯನ್]] {{Navboxes |list = {{World Heritage Sites in Belarus}} {{World Heritage Sites in Estonia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Finland}} {{World Heritage Sites in Latvia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Lithuania}} {{World Heritage Sites in Moldova}} {{World Heritage Sites in Norway}} {{World Heritage Sites in Russia}} {{World Heritage Sites in Sweden}} {{World Heritage Sites in Ukraine}} }} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Struve Geodetic Arc]] [[Category:Geodetic surveys]] [[Category:Tartu]] [[Category:Väike-Maarja Parish]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Belarus]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Estonia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Finland]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Latvia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Lithuania]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Moldova]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Norway]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Russia]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Sweden]] [[Category:World Heritage Sites in Ukraine]] [[Category:Struve family]] fpyt0amyp9gvg58zkr565nztdchnblj 0 28175 366874 2026-08-24T09:43:25Z Sannidhishetty 9770 Sannidhishetty, ಪುಟೊ [[ಬಳಕೆದಾರೆ:Sannidhishetty/ಕಲ್ಪುನಕಳ]] ನ್ [[ಡಬ್ನೊ]] ಗ್ ಕಡಪುಡಿಯೆರ್ 366874 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ಡಬ್ನೊ]] piiwan4r5o29ps8pvpw9cjs6lasvdgf