E

Wikipedia testwiki https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.5 first-letter Media Special Talk User User talk Wikipedia Wikipedia talk File File talk MediaWiki MediaWiki talk Template Template talk Help Help talk Category Category talk Thread Thread talk Summary Summary talk Test namespace 1 Test namespace 1 talk Test namespace 2 Test namespace 2 talk Draft Draft talk Campaign Campaign talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk SecurePoll SecurePoll talk CNBanner CNBanner talk Translations Translations talk Event Event talk Topic Newsletter Newsletter talk E 0 54478 745239 742511 2026-06-05T13:08:00Z ~2026-33296-80 74307 745239 wikitext text/x-wiki Bahram Chobin led 12,000 men against the Göktürks, killed Bagha Qaghan, recaptured Herat and Balkh, defeated the Turks beyond the Oxus, and restored Sasanian influence over Sogdiana.{{about||the mathematical constant|e (mathematical constant)|other uses}} {{pp-move-indef|small=yes}} {{Technical reasons|E#|E sharp|E♯}} {{Globalize/English|date=October 2015}} {{Latin letter info|e}} [[File:E cursiva.gif|thumb|Writing cursive forms of E]] '''E''' ([[English alphabet#Letter names|named]] ''e'' {{IPAc-en|'|iː}}, plural ''ees'')<ref>"E" a letter ''Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged'' (1993). ''Ees'' is the plural of the name of the letter; the plural of the letter itself is rendered E's, ''E''s, e's, or ''e''s.</ref> is the fifth [[Letter (alphabet)|letter]] and the second [[vowel#Written vowels|vowel]] in the [[English alphabet|modern English alphabet]] and the [[ISO basic Latin alphabet]]. It is the most commonly used letter in many languages, including: [[Czech language|Czech]],<ref name="Brian Keck UKFSN">{{cite web|url=http://www.bckelk.ukfsn.org/words/etaoin.html|title=Letter frequencies|last=Kelk|first=Brian|publisher=UK Free Software Network|accessdate=2008-06-25}}</ref> [[Danish language|Danish]],<ref name="Brian Keck UKFSN" /> [[Dutch language|Dutch]],<ref name="Brian Keck UKFSN" /> [[English language|English]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pages.central.edu/emp/LintonT/classes/spring01/cryptography/letterfreq.html|title=Relative Frequencies of Letters in General English Plain text|last=Lewand|first=Robert|work=Cryptographical Mathematics|publisher=[[Central College (Iowa)|Central College]]|accessdate=2008-06-25|archive-date=2008-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080708193159/http://pages.central.edu/emp/LintonT/classes/spring01/cryptography/letterfreq.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[French language|French]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.santacruzpl.org/readyref/files/g-l/ltfrqfr.shtml|title=Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in French|publisher=Santa Cruz Public Libraries|accessdate=2008-06-25|archive-date=2008-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312222737/http://www.santacruzpl.org/readyref/files/g-l/ltfrqfr.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[German language|German]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://scplweb.santacruzpl.org/readyref/files/g-l/ltfrqger.shtml|title=Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in German|publisher=Santa Cruz Public Libraries|accessdate=2008-06-25}}</ref> [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]],<ref name="Brian Keck UKFSN" /> [[Latin language|Latin]],<ref name="Brian Keck UKFSN" /> [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]],<ref name="Brian Keck UKFSN" /> [[Spanish language|Spanish]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.santacruzpl.org/readyref/files/g-l/ltfrqsp.shtml|title=Frequency of Occurrence of Letters in Spanish|publisher=Santa Cruz Public Libraries|accessdate=2008-06-25|archive-date=2008-05-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511220207/http://www.santacruzpl.org/readyref/files/g-l/ltfrqsp.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> and [[Swedish language|Swedish]].<ref name="Brian Keck UKFSN" /> Test. Test. ==History== {| class="wikitable" cellpadding=4 |- bgcolor="#EEEEEE" ! Egyptian hieroglyph ''q’'' ! Phoenician ''[[he (letter)|He]]'' ! Etruscan E ! Greek ''[[Epsilon]]'' ! Roman/ Cyrillic E |--- align=center | <hiero>A28</hiero> |[[File:PhoenicianE-01.svg|40x40px]] |[[File:Alfabeto camuno-e.svg|40px]] |[[File:Epsilon uc lc.svg|55px]] |[[File:RomanE-01.png|30px|Roman E]] |} The Latin letter 'E' differs little from its source, the [[Greek alphabet|Greek]] letter [[epsilon]], 'Ε'. This in turn comes from the [[Semitic alphabet|Semitic]] letter ''[[He (letter)|hê]]'', which has been suggested to have started as a praying or calling human figure (''[[hillul]]'' 'jubilation'), and was probably based on a similar [[Egyptian hieroglyph]] that indicated a different pronunciation. In Semitic, the letter represented {{IPA|/h/}} (and {{IPA|/e/}} in foreign words); in Greek, ''hê'' became the letter epsilon, used to represent {{IPA|/e/}}. The various forms of the [[Old Italic script]] and the [[Latin alphabet]] followed this usage. ==This is only a test article on Test Wikipedia the Free EncyclopediaUse in writing systems== ===English=== Although [[Middle English]] spelling used {{angbr|e}} to represent long and short /e/, the [[Great Vowel Shift]] changed long /eː/ (as in 'me' or 'bee') to /iː/ while short /e/ (as in 'met' or 'bed') remained a [[mid vowel]]. In other cases, the letter is [[Silent_e|silent]], generally at the end of words. ===Other languages=== In the orthography of many languages it represents either these or /{{IPA link|ɛ}}/, or some variation (such as a [[Nasal vowel|nasalized]] version) of these sounds, often with diacritics (as: {{angle bracket|e [[ê]] [[é]] [[è]] [[ë]] [[ē]] [[ĕ]] [[ě]] [[ẽ]] [[ė]] [[ẹ]] [[ę]] [[ẻ]]}}) to indicate contrasts. Less commonly, as in Saanich, {{angbr|e}} represents a [[mid-central vowel]] /ə/. [[Digraph (orthography)|Digraphs]] with {{angbr|e}} are common to indicate either [[diphthong]]s or [[monophthong]]s, such as {{angbr|ea}} or {{angbr|ee}} for {{IPA|/iː/}} or {{IPA|/eɪ/}} in English, {{angbr|ei}} for {{IPA|/aɪ/}} in [[German language|German]], and {{angbr|eu}} for {{IPA|/ø/}} in [[French language|French]] or {{IPA|/ɔɪ/}} in German. ===Other systems=== The [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] uses {{angbr|{{IPA|e}}}} for the [[close-mid front unrounded vowel]] or the [[mid front unrounded vowel]]. Used in schools as a grading system as "Excellent" ==Most common letter== 'E' is the most common (or highest-[[Frequency (statistics)|frequency]]) letter in the English alphabet (starting off the typographer's phrase [[ETAOIN SHRDLU]]) and several other European [[languages]], which has implications in both [[cryptography]] and [[data compression]]. In the story [[The Gold Bug]] by [[Edgar Allan Poe]], a character figures out a random character code by remembering that the most used letter in English is E. This makes it a hard and popular letter to use when writing [[lipogram]]s. [[Ernest Vincent Wright]]'s ''[[Gadsby (novel)|Gadsby]]'' (1939) is considered a "dreadful" novel, and supposedly "at least part of Wright's narrative issues were caused by language limitations imposed by the lack of ''E''."<ref>Ross Eckler, ''Making the Alphabet Dance: Recreational Word Play''. New York: St. Martin's Press (1996): 3</ref> Both [[Georges Perec]]'s novel ''[[A Void (novel)|A Void]]'' (''La Disparition'') (1969) and its English translation by Gilbert Adair omit 'e' and are considered better works.<ref>Eckler (1996): 3. Perec's novel "was so well written that at least some reviewers never realized the existence of a letter constraint."</ref> ==Related characters==  ===Descendants and related characters in the Latin alphabet=== * E with [[diacritic]]s: [[Breve|Ĕ ĕ]] [[Ê|Ê ê]] [[Caron|Ě ě]] [[E with stroke|Ɇ ɇ]] [[Ė|Ė ė]] [[Dot (diacritic)|Ẹ ẹ]] [[Ë|Ë ë]] [[È|È è]] [[É|É é]] [[Macron|Ē ē]] [[Ẽ|Ẽ ẽ]] [[Ę|Ę ę]] * Æ æ : [[Æ|Latin ''AE'']] ligature * Œ œ : [[Œ|Latin ''OE'']] ligature * The [[Diaeresis (diacritic)#Umlaut|umlaut diacritic ¨]] used above a vowel letter in German and other languages to indicate a fronted or front vowel (this sign originated as a superscript e) * [[Phonetic transcription#Alphabetic|Phonetic alphabet]] symbols related to E (the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] only uses lowercase, but uppercase forms are used in some other writing systems): ** {{unicode|Ɛ ɛ}} : [[Ɛ|Latin letter epsilon]], which represents an [[open-mid front unrounded vowel]] in the IPA ** {{unicode|ɜ}} : Latin letter reversed epsilon, which represents an [[open-mid central unrounded vowel]] in the IPA ** {{unicode|Ə ə}} : Latin letter [[Ə|schwa]], which represents a [[mid central vowel]] in the IPA ** {{unicode|Ǝ ǝ}} : Latin letter [[ǝ|turned e]], which is used in the writing systems of some African languages ** {{unicode|ɘ}} : Latin letter reversed e, which represents a [[close-mid central unrounded vowel]] in the IPA ===Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets=== * {{unicode|𐤄}} : [[Phoenician alphabet|Semitic]] letter [[He (letter)]], from which the following symbols originally derive ** Ε ε : [[Greek alphabet|Greek]] letter [[Epsilon (letter)|Epsilon]], from which the following symbols originally derive *** Е е : [[Cyrillic]] letter [[Ye (Cyrillic)|Ye]] *** Є є : [[Ukrainian Ye]] *** Э э : Cyrillic letter [[E (Cyrillic)|E]] *** {{Script|Copt|Ⲉ ⲉ}} : [[Coptic alphabet|Coptic]] letter Ei *** {{Unicode|𐌄}} : [[Old Italic script|Old Italic]] E, which is the ancestor of modern Latin E **** {{Script|Runr|ᛖ}} : [[Runes|Runic]] letter [[Ehwaz]], which is possibly a descendent of Old Italic E *** {{Script|Goth|𐌴}} : [[Gothic alphabet|Gothic]] letter eyz ===Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations=== * € : [[Euro sign]]. * {{unicode|℮}} : [[Estimated sign]] (used on prepackaged goods for sale within the European Union). * {{unicode|∃}} : [[existential quantifier]] in [[predicate logic]]. * ∈ : the symbol for [[∈|set membership]] in [[set theory]]. * {{unicode|ℯ}} : the [[e (mathematical constant)|base of the natural logarithm]]. * {{unicode|ℇ}} : the [[Euler–Mascheroni constant]]. ==Computing codes== {{charmap | 0045 | 0065 | name1 = Latin Capital Letter E | name2 =   Latin Small Letter E | map1 = [[EBCDIC]] family | map1char1 = C5 | map1char2 = 85 | map2 = [[ASCII]] 1 | map2char1 = 45 | map2char2 = 65 }} : 1 {{midsize|Also for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.}} ==Other representations== {{Letter other reps |NATO=Echo |Morse=· |Character=E5 |Braille=⠑ }} In [[British Sign Language]] (BSL), the letter 'e' is signed by extending the index finger of the right hand touching the tip of index on the left hand, with all fingers of left hand open. ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== *{{Commons-inline|E}} *{{Wiktionary-inline|E}} *{{Wiktionary-inline|e}} {{Latin alphabet|E|}} [[Category:ISO basic Latin letters]] [[Category:Vowel letters]] bjlkmdjiykkicoam7rla646u9ra5v3s Iglesia de San Esteban (Sograndio)/edithistory 0 113169 745241 439138 2026-06-05T14:07:45Z ~2026-33339-94 74308 745241 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" ! oldid || date/time || username || edit summary |---- | 955163470 || 2020-05-06T08:56:19Z || Nardog || <nowiki>Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/MacySinrich|MacySinrich]] ([[User talk:MacySinrich|talk]]) to last version by The Anomebot2</nowiki> |---- | 939162890 || 2020-02-04T19:23:36Z || MacySinrich || <nowiki>Removed unnecessary IPA on standard Spanish pronunciation</nowiki> |---- | 925349826 || 2019-11-09T15:06:43Z || The Anomebot2 || <nowiki>Removing geodata: {{coord missing|Spain}}</nowiki> |---- | 921778470 || 2019-10-17T20:51:39Z || Plucas58 || <nowiki>Add location to lead</nowiki> |---- | 921778117 || 2019-10-17T20:48:54Z || Plucas58 || <nowiki>Add image, co-ords and category</nowiki> |---- | 894856965 || 2019-04-30T13:23:19Z || JoeHebda || <nowiki>/* See also */ add section; add Ref.section; add subj.bar, auth.control; add stub notice</nowiki> |---- | 820076904 || 2018-01-12T23:14:15Z || Marcocapelle || <nowiki>removed [[Category:12th-century establishments in Spain]]; added [[Category:12th-century establishments in the Kingdom of León]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]]</nowiki> |---- | 551439677 || 2013-04-21T10:44:45Z || EmausBot || <nowiki>Bot: Migrating 1 interwiki links, now provided by [[Wikipedia:Wikidata|Wikidata]] on [[d:Q11682841]]</nowiki> |---- | 537364192 || 2013-02-09T10:30:56Z || Nimetapoeg || <nowiki>added [[Category:Religious organizations established in the 12th century]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]]</nowiki> |---- | 537364142 || 2013-02-09T10:30:24Z || Nimetapoeg || <nowiki>removed [[Category:12th-century establishments]]; added [[Category:12th-century establishments in Spain]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]]</nowiki> |---- | 536664027 || 2013-02-05T09:01:32Z || Jesse V. || <nowiki>[[WP:AWB/UM#General|tags]] and [[WP:GENFIXES|general fixes]], added [[CAT:O|orphan]] tag using [[Project:AWB|AWB]] (8853)</nowiki> |---- | 484339243 || 2012-03-28T10:46:20Z || Helpful Pixie Bot || <nowiki>Added translation link. (Build KB)</nowiki> |---- | 363987822 || 2010-05-24T20:29:43Z || Starzynka || <nowiki>[[WP:AES|←]]Created page with '{{Expand Spanish|topic=culture|date=May 2010}} {{Infobox church | name = {{subst:PAGENAME}} | fullname = | image =...'</nowiki> |} normal edit toqcasw77lhga7delr1ci5jxm1sxnar NodeMW client 0 127112 745253 743099 2026-06-05T19:36:04Z ~2026-33370-14 74320 Testing nodemw client 745253 wikitext text/x-wiki Test Content 22956 --[[Special:Contributions/~2026-33370-14|~2026-33370-14]] ([[User talk:~2026-33370-14|talk]]) 19:36, 5 June 2026 (UTC) h0li5yjgob43elpn736jtafjs7libam 745254 745253 2026-06-05T19:52:13Z ~2026-33437-16 74322 Testing nodemw client 745254 wikitext text/x-wiki Test Content 82792 --[[Special:Contributions/~2026-33437-16|~2026-33437-16]] ([[User talk:~2026-33437-16|talk]]) 19:52, 5 June 2026 (UTC) rfdixrl1u85lqao4uvzy3wedtlbh7do Earth 0 154737 745252 744512 2026-06-05T19:24:30Z Ponor 47975 +imgs 745252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ambox | name = {{{name|More citations needed}}} | small = {{#if:{{{small|}}}|left}} | type = content | class = ambox-Refimprove | image = [[File:Question book-new.svg|40x40px|alt=]] | issue = This {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}|article}} '''needs additional citations for [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verification]]'''. | removalnotice = yes | talk = {{{talk|}}} | date = {{{date|}}} | cat = Articles needing additional references | all = All articles needing additional references }} '''''Earth''''' is the third [[planet]] from the [[Sun]]. Earth is the only [[astronomical object]] known to [[Planetary habitability|harbor life]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://example.com|title=Example on Earth}}</ref> This is enabled by Earth being an [[ocean world]], the only one in the [[Solar System]] sustaining liquid [[surface water]]. The Modern English name developed from an Old English noun eorðe.{{cn}} [[File:The_Mysterious_Case_of_the_Disappearing_Dust.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Mysterious_Case_of_the_Disappearing_Dust.jpg|thumb|A depiction of the early [[:en:Solar_System|Solar System]]'s [[:en:Protoplanetary_disk|protoplanetary disk]] from which Earth and other Solar System bodies were formed]] Almost all of Earth's [[water]] is contained in its global ocean, covering [[Water distribution on Earth|71%]] of [[Earth's crust]]. The remaining 29% of the crust is land, most of which is located in the form of [[continent]]al [[landmass]]es within Earth's [[land hemisphere]].{{Cite web|title=Mother Earth|url=https://example.com}} Most of Earth's land is somewhat [[humid]] and covered by vegetation, while large [[Ice sheet|ice sheets]] at [[Earth's polar regions|Earth's polar]] [[desert]]s retain more water than Earth's [[groundwater]], [[lake]]s, rivers and [[Water vapor#In Earth's atmosphere|atmospheric water]] combined. Earth's crust consists of slowly moving [[Plate tectonics|tectonic plates]], which interact to produce [[mountain range]]s, [[volcano]]es, and [[earthquake]]s. [[Earth's outer core|Earth has a liquid outer core]] that generates a [[magnetosphere]] capable of deflecting most of the destructive [[solar wind]]s and [[cosmic particles]]. Earth has a [[Atmosphere of Earth|dynamic atmosphere]], which sustains Earth's surface conditions and protects it from most [[meteoroid]]s and [[Ozone layer|UV-light at entry]]. It has a composition of primarily [[nitrogen]] and [[oxygen]]. [[Water vapor]] is widely present in the atmosphere, [[Cloud#Formation|forming clouds]] that cover most of the planet. The water vapor acts as a [[greenhouse gas]] and, together with other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere creates the conditions for both liquid surface water and water vapor to persist via the capturing of [[Solar irradiance|energy from the Sun's light]].<ref name=":0" details="Chapter 3" /> This process maintains the current average surface temperature of {{convert|14.8|C|F}}, at which water is liquid under normal atmospheric pressure. Differences in the amount of captured energy between geographic regions (as with the [[equatorial region]] receiving more sunlight than the polar regions) drive [[Atmospheric circulation|atmospheric]] and [[ocean current]]s, producing a global [[climate system]] with different [[climate region]]s, and a range of weather phenomena such as [[precipitation]], allowing components such as [[Nitrogen cycle|nitrogen]] to [[Biogeochemical cycle|cycle]]. [[File:NASA-EarlyEarth-PaleOrangeDot-20190802.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NASA-EarlyEarth-PaleOrangeDot-20190802.jpg|thumb|''Pale orange dot'', an impression of [[:en:Early_Earth|Early Earth]], featuring its tinted orange [[:en:Methane|methane]]-rich [[:en:Prebiotic_atmosphere|early atmosphere]]<ref name="Trainer Pavlov DeWitt Jimenez pp. 18035–18042">{{cite journal |last1=Trainer |first1=Melissa G. |last2=Pavlov |first2=Alexander A. |last3=DeWitt |first3=H. Langley |last4=Jimenez |first4=Jose L. |last5=McKay |first5=Christopher P. |last6=Toon |first6=Owen B. |last7=Tolbert |first7=Margaret A. |display-authors=1 |date=28 November 2006 |title=Organic haze on Titan and the early Earth |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=103 |issue=48 |pages=18035–18042 |doi=10.1073/pnas.0608561103 |issn=0027-8424 |pmc=1838702 |pmid=17101962 |doi-access=free}}</ref>]] Earth is [[Hydrostatic equilibrium|rounded]] into [[Earth ellipsoid|an ellipsoid]] with [[Earth's circumference|a circumference]] of about 40,000 km. It is the [[List of Solar System objects by size|densest planet in the Solar System]]. Of the four [[Terrestrial planet|rocky planets]], it is the largest and most massive. Earth is about eight [[light-minute]]s away from the Sun and [[Earth's orbit|orbits it]], taking a year (about 365.25 days) to complete one revolution. [[Earth's rotation|Earth rotates]] around its own axis in slightly less than a day (in about 23 hours and 56 minutes). [[Earth#Axial tilt and seasons|Earth's axis of rotation]] is tilted with respect to the perpendicular to its orbital plane around the Sun, producing [[season]]s. Earth is [[orbit]]ed by one [[Claimed moons of Earth|permanent]] [[natural satellite]], the [[Moon]], which [[orbit]]s Earth at 384,400 km (1.28 light seconds) and is roughly a quarter as wide as Earth. The Moon's gravity helps stabilize Earth's axis, causes [[tide]]s and [[Tidal acceleration|gradually slows Earth's rotation]]. [[Tidal locking]] has made the Moon always face Earth with the same side. Earth, like most other bodies in the Solar System, [[Age of Earth|formed 4.5 billion years ago]] from gas and dust in the [[Formation and evolution of the Solar System|early Solar System]].<ref>https://vijesti.hrt.hr/svijet/prijedlog-rezolucije-116156565{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Earth, like most other bodies in the Solar System, [[Age of Earth|formed 4.5 billion years ago]] from gas and dust in the [[Formation and evolution of the Solar System|early Solar System]]. During the first billion years of [[History of Earth|Earth's history]], the ocean formed and then [[Abiogenesis|life developed]] within it. Life spread globally and has been altering Earth's atmosphere and surface, leading to the [[Great Oxidation Event]] two billion years ago. [[Human]]s emerged [[Human history|300,000 years ago]] in Africa and have spread across every continent on Earth. Humans depend on Earth's [[biosphere]] and natural resources for their survival, but have [[Human impact on the environment|increasingly impacted the planet's environment]]. Humanity's current impact on Earth's climate and biosphere is [[Sustainability|unsustainable]], threatening the livelihood of humans and many other forms of life, and [[Holocene extinction|causing widespread extinctions]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=What Is Climate Change? |url=https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change |access-date=17 August 2022 |website=United Nations |language=en |archive-date=26 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230126173023/https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change |url-status=live }}</ref> == Etymology == [[File:Red_Giant_Earth_warm.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Red_Giant_Earth_warm.jpg|alt=A dark gray and red sphere representing the Earth lies against a black background to the right of an orange circular object representing the Sun|thumb|A conception of the scorched Earth after the [[:en:Sun|Sun]] has entered the [[:en:Red_giant|red giant]] phase, about 5–7 billion years in the future]] The [[Modern English]] word {{anchor|Name|Etymology}} ''Earth'' developed, via [[Middle English]], from an [[Old English]] noun most often spelled ''{{linktext|eorðe}}''.<ref name="oedearth">{{cite book|title=Oxford English Dictionary|edition=3|chapter=earth, ''n.¹''|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|place=[[Oxford, England|Oxford]], England|year=2010|isbn=978-0-19-957112-3|doi=10.1093/acref/9780199571123.001.0001}}</ref> It has cognates in every [[Germanic languages|Germanic language]], and their [[proto-Germanic|ancestral root]] has been reconstructed as [[wikt:Appendix:Proto-Germanic/erþō|*''erþō'']]. In its earliest attestation, the word ''eorðe'' was used to translate the many senses of [[Latin language|Latin]] ''{{linktext|terra}}'' and [[Ancient Greek language|Greek]] γῆ ''gē'': the ground, its [[soil]], dry land, the human world, the surface of the world (including the sea), and the globe itself. As with Roman [[Terra (goddess)|Terra]]/Tellūs and Greek [[Gaia (goddess)|Gaia]], Earth may have been a [[earth goddess|personified goddess]] in [[Germanic religion (aboriginal)|Germanic paganism]]: late [[Norse mythology]] included [[Jörð]] ("Earth"), a giantess often given as the mother of [[Thor]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Simek|first=Rudolf|author-link=Rudolf Simek|translator-last=Hall|translator-first=Angela|title=Dictionary of Northern Mythology|page=179|publisher=[[Boydell & Brewer|D.S. Brewer]]|year=2007|isbn=978-0-85991-513-7}}</ref> Historically, "Earth" has been written in lowercase.<ref name=":0" details="Chapter 4" /> Beginning with the use of [[Early Middle English]], its [[Definite article|definite sense]] as "the globe" was expressed as "the earth". By the era of [[Early Modern English]], [[Capitalization in English#History of English capitalization|capitalization of nouns began to prevail]], and ''the earth'' was also written ''the Earth'', particularly when referenced along with other heavenly bodies. More recently, the name is sometimes simply given as ''Earth'', by analogy with the names of the [[Solar System|other planets]], though "earth" and forms with "the earth" remain common.<ref name="oedearth" /> [[Style guide|House styles]] now vary: [[Oxford spelling]] recognizes the lowercase form as the more common, with the capitalized form an acceptable variant. Another convention capitalizes "Earth" when appearing as a name, such as a description of the "Earth's atmosphere", but employs the lowercase when it is preceded by "the", such as "the atmosphere of the earth"). It almost always appears in lowercase in colloquial expressions such as "what on earth are you doing?"<ref>{{cite book|title=The New Oxford Dictionary of English|edition=1st|chapter=earth|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|year=1998|isbn=978-0-19-861263-6}}</ref> == Terra == [[File:MarsReconnaissanceOrbiter-Views-EarthMoon-20220422.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MarsReconnaissanceOrbiter-Views-EarthMoon-20220422.jpg|thumb|Earth and the Moon as seen from [[:en:Mars|Mars]] by the ''[[:en:Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter|Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]]'']] The name ''Terra'' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|ɛr|ə}} occasionally is used in scientific writing and especially in science fiction to distinguish humanity's inhabited planet from others,<ref>{{OED|Terra}}</ref> while in poetry ''Tellus'' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|ɛ|l|ə|s}} has been used to denote personification of the Earth.<ref>{{OED|Tellus}}</ref> ''Terra'' is also the name of the planet in some [[Romance languages]], languages that evolved from [[Latin language|Latin]], like Italian and [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], while in other Romance languages the word gave rise to names with slightly altered spellings, like the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] ''Tierra'' and the [[French language|French]] ''Terre''. The Latinate form ''Gæa'' or ''Gaea'' ({{IPAc-en|lang|'|dʒ|iː|.|ə}}) of the Greek poetic name ''[[Gaia]]'' ({{lang|grc|Γαῖα}}; {{IPA|grc|ɡâi̯.a|lang|link=yes}} or {{IPA-el|ɡâj.ja|}}) is rare, though the alternative spelling ''Gaia'' has become common due to the [[Gaia hypothesis]], in which case its pronunciation is {{IPAc-en|ˈ|g|aɪ|.|ə}} rather than the more classical English {{IPAc-en|ˈ|g|eɪ|.|ə}}.<ref>{{OED|Gaia}}</ref> There are a number of adjectives for ''$O$'' the planet Earth. The word "earthly" is derived from "Earth". From the [[Latin]] ''Terra'' comes ''terran'' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|ɛr|ə|n}},<ref>{{OED|Terran}}</ref> ''terrestrial'' {{IPAc-en|t|ə|ˈ|r|ɛ|s|t|r|i|ə|l}},<ref>{{OED|terrestrial}}</ref> and (via French) ''terrene'' {{IPAc-en|t|ə|ˈ|r|iː|n}},<ref>{{OED|terrene}}</ref> and from the Latin ''Tellus'' comes ''tellurian'' {{IPAc-en|t|ɛ|ˈ|l|ʊər|i|ə|n}}<ref>{{OED|tellurian}}</ref> and ''telluric''.<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/telluric |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331100415/https://www.lexico.com/definition/telluric |url-status=dead |archive-date=31 March 2021 |title=telluric |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> == Origin == [[File:Archean.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Archean.png|thumb|An impression of the [[:en:Archean|Archean]], the [[:en:Geologic_time_scale#Divisions_of_geologic_time|eon]] after Earth's formation, featuring round [[:en:Stromatolite|stromatolites]], which are early oxygen-producing forms of life from billions of years ago. After the [[:en:Late_Heavy_Bombardment|Late Heavy Bombardment]], [[:en:Earth's_crust|Earth's crust]] had cooled, its water-rich barren [[:en:Planetary_surface|surface]] is marked by [[:en:Continent|continents]] and [[:en:Volcano|volcanoes]], with the Moon still orbiting Earth half as far as it is today, appearing 2.8 times larger and producing strong [[:en:Tide|tides]].<ref name="Lunar and Planetary Institute">{{cite web |title=Earth-Moon Dynamics |url=https://www.lpi.usra.edu/exploration/training/illustrations/earthMoon/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907215806/https://www.lpi.usra.edu/exploration/training/illustrations/earthMoon/ |archive-date=7 September 2015 |access-date=2 September 2022 |website=Lunar and Planetary Institute}}</ref>]] Earth, like most other bodies in the Solar System, [[Age of Earth|formed 4.5 billion years ago]] from gas and dust in the [[Formation and evolution of the Solar System|early Solar System]]. During the first billion years of [[History of Earth|Earth's history]], the ocean formed and then [[Abiogenesis|life developed]] within it. Life spread globally and has been altering Earth's atmosphere and surface, leading to the [[Great Oxidation Event]] two billion years ago. [[Human]]s emerged [[Human history|300,000 years ago]] in Africa and have spread across every continent on Earth. Humans depend on Earth's [[biosphere]] and natural resources for their survival, but have [[Human impact on the environment|increasingly impacted the planet's environment]]. Humanity's current impact on Earth's climate and biosphere is [[Sustainability|unsustainable]], threatening the livelihood of humans and many other forms of life, and [[Holocene extinction|causing widespread extinctions]].<ref name=":0" /> ==References== <references></references> {{DEFAULTSORT:Terra}} [[Category:Cats and dogs|Earth]] [[Category:Cat L1-Beta]] [[Category:Graph Test L1-ID26935]] nynoa4cnyk46uzzdsq9mbjxnqjgatrn Test 0 155073 745237 745230 2026-06-05T12:05:32Z HArroyo-WMF 67600 /* */ showcaptcha 745237 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{к переименованию|2026-06-01|Test 2}}</noinclude> <nowiki>{{Info/Música/artista</nowiki> <nowiki>|</nowiki> ndome = Alvin L <nowiki>|</nowiki> fundo = cadntodr_solo <nowiki>|</nowiki> imagem = Alvin L.webp <nowiki>|</nowiki> nome completo = Arnaldo Jose Lima Santos <nowiki>|</nowiki> nascimento_data = {{dni|1|4|1959|si}}d | nascimento_cidade = [[Salvador]], [[Bahia]] | nascimento_país = [[BraTestcomposicoes|titulo=Sob encomenda: Alvin L fala sobre suas composições|obra=Portal SUCESSO!|acessodata=19-11-2015|arquivourl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120161103/http://www.portalsucesso.com.br/noticias/sob-encomenda-alvin-l-fala-sobre-suas-composicoes|arquivodata=2015-11-20|urlmorta=yes}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citar web|ultimo=CEL|url=https://celulapop.com.br/o-paradoxo-alvin-l/|titulo=O paradoxo Alvin L|data=2021-09-29|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=Célula POP|lingua=pt-BR}}</ref> ([[Salvador]], [[1 de abril]] de [[1959]] – [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[5 de abril]] de [[2026]]), mais conhecido pelo [[nome artístico]] '''Alvin L''', foi um [[músico]] e [[compositor]] [[brasil]]eiro. Suas mais de 200 composições publicadas foram grdavadas por artistas que vão de [[Milton Nascimento]] a [[Sandy & Junior]]. Test........ https://example.url https://examples.url https://examplez.url O cantor e compositor morreu no dia 5 de abril de 2026, aos 67 anos, de [[ataque cardíaco]] enquanto dormia.<ref>{{citar web|url=https://oglobo.globo.com/cultura/noticia/2026/04/05/morre-compositor-alvim-l-aos-67-anos.ghtml|titulo=Morre compositor Alvim L, autor de hits da música brasileira, aos 67 anos|data=05/04/2026|acessodata=05/04/2026}}</ref>. test == Carreira == Alvin nasceu em Salvador, mas foi registrado no [[Rio de Janeiro]].<ref>{{Citar web|ultimo=Schmidt|primeiro=Bernardo|url=http://bernardoschmidt.blogspot.com/2010/10/entrevista-com-alvin-l-parte-1.html|titulo=O Patativa: Entrevista com ALVIN L - Parte 1|data= 25 de outubro de 2010|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=O Patativa}}</ref> [[Guitarrista]] e compositor, começou no final dos [[Década de 1970|anos 70]] com o [[Banda musical|grupo]] [[punk]] Vândalos. Mais tarde formou os [[Rapazes de Vida Fácil]], mais influenciado pelo [[New wave (música)|new wave]], que chegou a lançar um [[Compacto simples|compacto]] em 1982 pela [[PolyGram]] e teve sua música de maior sucesso "Adriana na Piscina".<ref name=":0" /> Também flertou com o experimentalismo com a banda Brasil Palace. NOrmal edit Em seguida foi oo compositor principal dos Sex Beatles, formanda em 1990,<ref name=":0" /> que lançou dois discos, ''Automobília'' e ''Mondo Passionale'', nos [[Década de 1990|anos 1990]].<ref name=":1">{{Citar web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrad/fq220816.htm|titulo=Folha de S.Paulo - Disco: Alvin L., 35, chega ao trabalho solo - 22/08/97|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=www1.folha.uol.com.br}}</ref> O grupo trazia, além dele, na gu testitarra, a vocalista [[Cris Braun]], o guitarrista Ivan Mariz, o baixista Vicente Tardin e o baterista Marcelo Martins. [[Dado Villa-Lobos]], na test2 época ainda integrando a [[Legião Urbana]], chegou a tocar com os Sex Beatles, mas, para não ferir cláusulas contratuais, não mostrava o rosto e chegou a usar um [[Pseudónimo|pseudônimo]] quando tocou com a banda em apenas um show, no [[Circo Voador]].<ref name=":0" /> Durante todo o tempo, Alvin destacou-se como compositor, sendo gravado por outros intérpretes, principalmente [[Marina Lima]]<ref>{{Citar web|url=https://g1.globo.com/pop-arte/musica/blog/mauro-ferreira/post/2021/03/28/marina-lima-canta-com-mano-brown-em-ep-no-qual-reforca-parceria-com-alvin-l.ghtml|titulo=Marina Lima canta com Mano Brown em EP no qual reforça parceria com Alvin L|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=G1|lingua=pt-br}}</ref> ("Eu Não Sei Dançar",<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Citar web|url=http://screamyell.com.br/site/2020/06/22/entrevista-alvin-l-lanca-seu-primeiro-livro-o-veneno-dos-pequenos-detalhes/|titulo=Entrevista: Alvin L lança seu primeiro livro, “O Veneno dos Pequenos Detalhes” – SCREAM & YELL|acessodata=2022-04-27|lingua=pt-BR|wayb=20240919221805}}</ref> "Stromboli", "Deve Ser Assim", "Na Minha Mão" e outros), [[Capital Inicial]] ("Natasha", "Mickey Mouse em Moscou", "Todos os Lados", "Eu Vou Estar", "Tudo que Vai" e outros<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />), [[Leila Pinheiro]] (que registrou três músicas suas em ''[[Na Ponta da Língua]]''), e ainda [[Belô Velloso]] ("Menos Carnaval"), [[Toni Platão]] ("Tudo que Vai") e [[Ana Carolina (cantora)|Ana Carolina]] ("Perder Tempo com Você"). Seu primeiro disco solo, ''Alvin'', saiu em 1997<ref name=":2" /> pela [[Bertelsmann Music Group|BMG]] com a produção de [[Liminha (produtor musical)|Liminha]],<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Citar web|url=http://www.liminha.com.br/en/projeto/alvin/|titulo=Alvin|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=Liminha|wayb=20190218165613}}</ref> contendo regravações e inéditas.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{citar web|url=http://www.dicionariompb.com.br/alvin-l |titulo=Biografia no Cravo Albin|obra=[[Dicionário Cravo Albin da Música Popular Brasileira|dicionariompb.com.br]]|acessodata=19-12-2012}}</ref> Em 2020, lança seu primeiro [[livro]], o [[suspense]] ''O Veneno dos Pequenos Detalhes''.<ref name=":2" /> Em 2021, participa cantando na música "Kilimanjaro", do [[EP]] ''Motim'' de Marina Lima.<ref>{{Citar web|url=https://www.cartacapital.com.br/cultura/com-horror-a-bolsonaro-marina-lima-lanca-ep-e-deseja-deixar-sp/|titulo=Com “horror a Bolsonaro”, Marina Lima lança EP e deseja deixar SP - CartaCapital|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=www.cartacapital.com.br}}</ref> == Discografia == * [[1997]] - ''Alvin'' {{referências}} == Ligações externas == * {{discogs artist|Alvin L.}} * {{IMDb name|15852552}} {{NM|1959|2026}} [[Categoria:Cantores da Bahia]] [[Categoria:Guitarristas da Bahia]] [[Categoria:Guitarristas rítmicos]] [[Categoria:Compositores da Bahia]] [[Categoria:Naturais de Salvador]] [[Category:EA]]Test append == Testing == cross-origin edit == Testing == cross-origin edit == Testing == cross-origin edit nmyr827etodxck6agm5gzryhk5r6y6a 745238 745237 2026-06-05T12:05:48Z HArroyo-WMF 67600 /* */ showcaptcha 745238 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{к переименованию|2026-06-01|Test 2}}</noinclude> <nowiki>{{Info/Música/artista</nowiki> <nowiki>|</nowiki> ndome = Alvin L <nowiki>|</nowiki> fundo = cadntodr_solo <nowiki>|</nowiki> imagem = Alvin L.webp <nowiki>|</nowiki> nome completo = Arnaldo Jose Lima Santos <nowiki>|</nowiki> nascimento_data = {{dni|1|4|1959|si}}d | nascimento_cidade = [[Salvador]], [[Bahia]] | nascimento_país = [[BraTestcomposicoes|titulo=Sob encomenda: Alvin L fala sobre suas composições|obra=Portal SUCESSO!|acessodata=19-11-2015|arquivourl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120161103/http://www.portalsucesso.com.br/noticias/sob-encomenda-alvin-l-fala-sobre-suas-composicoes|arquivodata=2015-11-20|urlmorta=yes}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citar web|ultimo=CEL|url=https://celulapop.com.br/o-paradoxo-alvin-l/|titulo=O paradoxo Alvin L|data=2021-09-29|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=Célula POP|lingua=pt-BR}}</ref> ([[Salvador]], [[1 de abril]] de [[1959]] – [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[5 de abril]] de [[2026]]), mais conhecido pelo [[nome artístico]] '''Alvin L''', foi um [[músico]] e [[compositor]] [[brasil]]eiro. Suas mais de 200 composições publicadas foram grdavadas por artistas que vão de [[Milton Nascimento]] a [[Sandy & Junior]]. Test........ https://example.url https://examples.url https://examplez.url O cantor e compositor morreu no dia 5 de abril de 2026, aos 67 anos, de [[ataque cardíaco]] enquanto dormia.<ref>{{citar web|url=https://oglobo.globo.com/cultura/noticia/2026/04/05/morre-compositor-alvim-l-aos-67-anos.ghtml|titulo=Morre compositor Alvim L, autor de hits da música brasileira, aos 67 anos|data=05/04/2026|acessodata=05/04/2026}}</ref>. == Carreira == Alvin nasceu em Salvador, mas foi registrado no [[Rio de Janeiro]].<ref>{{Citar web|ultimo=Schmidt|primeiro=Bernardo|url=http://bernardoschmidt.blogspot.com/2010/10/entrevista-com-alvin-l-parte-1.html|titulo=O Patativa: Entrevista com ALVIN L - Parte 1|data= 25 de outubro de 2010|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=O Patativa}}</ref> [[Guitarrista]] e compositor, começou no final dos [[Década de 1970|anos 70]] com o [[Banda musical|grupo]] [[punk]] Vândalos. Mais tarde formou os [[Rapazes de Vida Fácil]], mais influenciado pelo [[New wave (música)|new wave]], que chegou a lançar um [[Compacto simples|compacto]] em 1982 pela [[PolyGram]] e teve sua música de maior sucesso "Adriana na Piscina".<ref name=":0" /> Também flertou com o experimentalismo com a banda Brasil Palace. NOrmal edit Em seguida foi oo compositor principal dos Sex Beatles, formanda em 1990,<ref name=":0" /> que lançou dois discos, ''Automobília'' e ''Mondo Passionale'', nos [[Década de 1990|anos 1990]].<ref name=":1">{{Citar web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrad/fq220816.htm|titulo=Folha de S.Paulo - Disco: Alvin L., 35, chega ao trabalho solo - 22/08/97|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=www1.folha.uol.com.br}}</ref> O grupo trazia, além dele, na gu testitarra, a vocalista [[Cris Braun]], o guitarrista Ivan Mariz, o baixista Vicente Tardin e o baterista Marcelo Martins. [[Dado Villa-Lobos]], na test2 época ainda integrando a [[Legião Urbana]], chegou a tocar com os Sex Beatles, mas, para não ferir cláusulas contratuais, não mostrava o rosto e chegou a usar um [[Pseudónimo|pseudônimo]] quando tocou com a banda em apenas um show, no [[Circo Voador]].<ref name=":0" /> Durante todo o tempo, Alvin destacou-se como compositor, sendo gravado por outros intérpretes, principalmente [[Marina Lima]]<ref>{{Citar web|url=https://g1.globo.com/pop-arte/musica/blog/mauro-ferreira/post/2021/03/28/marina-lima-canta-com-mano-brown-em-ep-no-qual-reforca-parceria-com-alvin-l.ghtml|titulo=Marina Lima canta com Mano Brown em EP no qual reforça parceria com Alvin L|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=G1|lingua=pt-br}}</ref> ("Eu Não Sei Dançar",<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Citar web|url=http://screamyell.com.br/site/2020/06/22/entrevista-alvin-l-lanca-seu-primeiro-livro-o-veneno-dos-pequenos-detalhes/|titulo=Entrevista: Alvin L lança seu primeiro livro, “O Veneno dos Pequenos Detalhes” – SCREAM & YELL|acessodata=2022-04-27|lingua=pt-BR|wayb=20240919221805}}</ref> "Stromboli", "Deve Ser Assim", "Na Minha Mão" e outros), [[Capital Inicial]] ("Natasha", "Mickey Mouse em Moscou", "Todos os Lados", "Eu Vou Estar", "Tudo que Vai" e outros<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />), [[Leila Pinheiro]] (que registrou três músicas suas em ''[[Na Ponta da Língua]]''), e ainda [[Belô Velloso]] ("Menos Carnaval"), [[Toni Platão]] ("Tudo que Vai") e [[Ana Carolina (cantora)|Ana Carolina]] ("Perder Tempo com Você"). Seu primeiro disco solo, ''Alvin'', saiu em 1997<ref name=":2" /> pela [[Bertelsmann Music Group|BMG]] com a produção de [[Liminha (produtor musical)|Liminha]],<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Citar web|url=http://www.liminha.com.br/en/projeto/alvin/|titulo=Alvin|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=Liminha|wayb=20190218165613}}</ref> contendo regravações e inéditas.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{citar web|url=http://www.dicionariompb.com.br/alvin-l |titulo=Biografia no Cravo Albin|obra=[[Dicionário Cravo Albin da Música Popular Brasileira|dicionariompb.com.br]]|acessodata=19-12-2012}}</ref> Em 2020, lança seu primeiro [[livro]], o [[suspense]] ''O Veneno dos Pequenos Detalhes''.<ref name=":2" /> Em 2021, participa cantando na música "Kilimanjaro", do [[EP]] ''Motim'' de Marina Lima.<ref>{{Citar web|url=https://www.cartacapital.com.br/cultura/com-horror-a-bolsonaro-marina-lima-lanca-ep-e-deseja-deixar-sp/|titulo=Com “horror a Bolsonaro”, Marina Lima lança EP e deseja deixar SP - CartaCapital|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=www.cartacapital.com.br}}</ref> == Discografia == * [[1997]] - ''Alvin'' {{referências}} == Ligações externas == * {{discogs artist|Alvin L.}} * {{IMDb name|15852552}} {{NM|1959|2026}} [[Categoria:Cantores da Bahia]] [[Categoria:Guitarristas da Bahia]] [[Categoria:Guitarristas rítmicos]] [[Categoria:Compositores da Bahia]] [[Categoria:Naturais de Salvador]] [[Category:EA]]Test append == Testing == cross-origin edit == Testing == cross-origin edit == Testing == cross-origin edit 3435mjtl119qk866w42wft8re0t2a4y 745242 745238 2026-06-05T15:20:39Z ~2026-33319-60 74313 745242 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{к переименованию|2026-06-01|Test 2}}</noinclude> <nowiki>{{Info/Música/artista</nowiki> <nowiki>|</nowiki> ndome = Alvin L <nowiki>|</nowiki> fundo = cadntodr_solo <nowiki>|</nowiki> imagem = Alvin L.webp <nowiki>|</nowiki> nome completo = Arnaldo Jose Lima Santos <nowiki>|</nowiki> nascimento_data = {{dni|1|4|1959|si}}d | nascimento_cidade = [[Salvador]], [[Bahia]] | nascimento_país = [[BraTestcomposicoes|titulo=Sob encomenda: Alvin L fala sobre suas composições|obra=Portal SUCESSO!|acessodata=19-11-2015|arquivourl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120161103/http://www.portalsucesso.com.br/noticias/sob-encomenda-alvin-l-fala-sobre-suas-composicoes|arquivodata=2015-11-20|urlmorta=yes}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citar web|ultimo=CEL|url=https://celulapop.com.br/o-paradoxo-alvin-l/|titulo=O paradoxo Alvin L|data=2021-09-29|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=Célula POP|lingua=pt-BR}}</ref> ([[Salvador]], [[1 de abril]] de [[1959]] – [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[5 de abril]] de [[2026]]), mais conhecido pelo [[nome artístico]] '''Alvin L''', foi um [[músico]] e [[compositor]] [[brasil]]eiro. Suas mais de 200 composições publicadas foram grdavadas por artistas que vão de [[Milton Nascimento]] a [[Sandy & Junior]]. Test........ https://example.url https://examples.url https://examplez.url O cantor e compositor morreu no dia 5 de abril de 2026, aos 67 anos, de [[ataque cardíaco]] enquanto dormia.<ref>{{citar web|url=https://oglobo.globo.com/cultura/noticia/2026/04/05/morre-compositor-alvim-l-aos-67-anos.ghtml|titulo=Morre compositor Alvim L, autor de hits da música brasileira, aos 67 anos|data=05/04/2026|acessodata=05/04/2026}}</ref>. == Carreira == Alvin nasceu em Salvador, mas foi registrado no [[Rio de Janeiro]].<ref>{{Citar web|ultimo=Schmidt|primeiro=Bernardo|url=http://bernardoschmidt.blogspot.com/2010/10/entrevista-com-alvin-l-parte-1.html|titulo=O Patativa: Entrevista com ALVIN L - Parte 1|data= 25 de outubro de 2010|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=O Patativa}}</ref> [[Guitarrista]] e compositor, começou no final dos [[Década de 1970|anos 70]] com o [[Banda musical|grupo]] [[punk]] Vândalos. Mais tarde formou os [[Rapazes de Vida Fácil]], mais influenciado pelo [[New wave (música)|new wave]], que chegou a lançar um [[Compacto simples|compacto]] em 1982 pela [[PolyGram|P hcaptcha probeolyGram]] e teve sua música de maior sucesso "Adriana na Piscina".<ref name=":0" /> Também flertou com o experimentalismo com a banda Brasil Palace. NOrmal edit Em seguida foi oo compositor principal dos Sex Beatles, formanda em 1990,<ref name=":0" /> que lançou dois discos, ''Automobília'' e ''Mondo Passionale'', nos [[Década de 1990|anos 1990]].<ref name=":1">{{Citar web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrad/fq220816.htm|titulo=Folha de S.Paulo - Disco: Alvin L., 35, chega ao trabalho solo - 22/08/97|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=www1.folha.uol.com.br}}</ref> O grupo trazia, além dele, na gu testitarra, a vocalista [[Cris Braun]], o guitarrista Ivan Mariz, o baixista Vicente Tardin e o baterista Marcelo Martins. [[Dado Villa-Lobos]], na test2 época ainda integrando a [[Legião Urbana]], chegou a tocar com os Sex Beatles, mas, para não ferir cláusulas contratuais, não mostrava o rosto e chegou a usar um [[Pseudónimo|pseudônimo]] quando tocou com a banda em apenas um show, no [[Circo Voador]].<ref name=":0" /> Durante todo o tempo, Alvin destacou-se como compositor, sendo gravado por outros intérpretes, principalmente [[Marina Lima]]<ref>{{Citar web|url=https://g1.globo.com/pop-arte/musica/blog/mauro-ferreira/post/2021/03/28/marina-lima-canta-com-mano-brown-em-ep-no-qual-reforca-parceria-com-alvin-l.ghtml|titulo=Marina Lima canta com Mano Brown em EP no qual reforça parceria com Alvin L|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=G1|lingua=pt-br}}</ref> ("Eu Não Sei Dançar",<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Citar web|url=http://screamyell.com.br/site/2020/06/22/entrevista-alvin-l-lanca-seu-primeiro-livro-o-veneno-dos-pequenos-detalhes/|titulo=Entrevista: Alvin L lança seu primeiro livro, “O Veneno dos Pequenos Detalhes” – SCREAM & YELL|acessodata=2022-04-27|lingua=pt-BR|wayb=20240919221805}}</ref> "Stromboli", "Deve Ser Assim", "Na Minha Mão" e outros), [[Capital Inicial]] ("Natasha", "Mickey Mouse em Moscou", "Todos os Lados", "Eu Vou Estar", "Tudo que Vai" e outros<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />), [[Leila Pinheiro]] (que registrou três músicas suas em ''[[Na Ponta da Língua]]''), e ainda [[Belô Velloso]] ("Menos Carnaval"), [[Toni Platão]] ("Tudo que Vai") e [[Ana Carolina (cantora)|Ana Carolina]] ("Perder Tempo com Você"). Seu primeiro disco solo, ''Alvin'', saiu em 1997<ref name=":2" /> pela [[Bertelsmann Music Group|BMG]] com a produção de [[Liminha (produtor musical)|Liminha]],<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Citar web|url=http://www.liminha.com.br/en/projeto/alvin/|titulo=Alvin|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=Liminha|wayb=20190218165613}}</ref> contendo regravações e inéditas.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{citar web|url=http://www.dicionariompb.com.br/alvin-l |titulo=Biografia no Cravo Albin|obra=[[Dicionário Cravo Albin da Música Popular Brasileira|dicionariompb.com.br]]|acessodata=19-12-2012}}</ref> Em 2020, lança seu primeiro [[livro]], o [[suspense]] ''O Veneno dos Pequenos Detalhes''.<ref name=":2" /> Em 2021, participa cantando na música "Kilimanjaro", do [[EP]] ''Motim'' de Marina Lima.<ref>{{Citar web|url=https://www.cartacapital.com.br/cultura/com-horror-a-bolsonaro-marina-lima-lanca-ep-e-deseja-deixar-sp/|titulo=Com “horror a Bolsonaro”, Marina Lima lança EP e deseja deixar SP - CartaCapital|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=www.cartacapital.com.br}}</ref> == Discografia == * [[1997]] - ''Alvin'' {{referências}} == Ligações externas == * {{discogs artist|Alvin L.}} * {{IMDb name|15852552}} {{NM|1959|2026}} [[Categoria:Cantores da Bahia]] [[Categoria:Guitarristas da Bahia]] [[Categoria:Guitarristas rítmicos]] [[Categoria:Compositores da Bahia]] [[Categoria:Naturais de Salvador]] [[Category:EA]]Test append == Testing == cross-origin edit == Testing == cross-origin edit == Testing == cross-origin edit m67c1z1n8h9lfd2lyynq9vlrr77w77q 745245 745242 2026-06-05T16:28:24Z ~2026-33346-13 74315 745245 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{к переименованию|2026-06-01|Test 2}}</noinclude> <nowiki>{{Info/Música/artista</nowiki> <nowiki>|</nowiki> ndome = Alvin L <nowiki>|</nowiki> fundo = cadntodr_solo <nowiki>|</nowiki> imagem = Alvin L.webp <nowiki>|</nowiki> nome completo = Arnaldo Jose Lima Santos <nowiki>|</nowiki> nascimento_data = {{dni|1|4|1959|si}}d | nascimento_cidade = [[Salvador]], [[Bahia]] | nascimento_país = [[BraTestcomposicoes|titulo=Sob encomenda: Alvin L fala sobre suas composições|obra=Portal SUCESSO!|acessodata=19-11-2015|arquivourl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120161103/http://www.portalsucesso.com.br/noticias/sob-encomenda-alvin-l-fala-sobre-suas-composicoes|arquivodata=2015-11-20|urlmorta=yes}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Citar web|ultimo=CEL|url=https://celulapop.com.br/o-paradoxo-alvin-l/|titulo=O paradoxo Alvin L|data=2021-09-29|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=Célula POP|lingua=pt-BR}}</ref> ([[Salvador]], [[1 de abril]] de [[1959]] – [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[5 de abril]] de [[2026]]), mais conhecido pelo [[nome artístico]] '''Alvin L''', foi um [[músico]] e [[compositor]] [[brasil]]eiro. Suas mais de 200 composições publicadas foram grdavadas por artistas que vão de [[Milton Nascimento]] a [[Sandy & Junior]]. Test......... https://example.url https://examples.url https://examplez.url O cantor e compositor morreu no dia 5 de abril de 2026, aos 67 anos, de [[ataque cardíaco]] enquanto dormia.<ref>{{citar web|url=https://oglobo.globo.com/cultura/noticia/2026/04/05/morre-compositor-alvim-l-aos-67-anos.ghtml|titulo=Morre compositor Alvim L, autor de hits da música brasileira, aos 67 anos|data=05/04/2026|acessodata=05/04/2026}}</ref>. == Carreira == Alvin nasceu em Salvador, mas foi registrado no [[Rio de Janeiro]].<ref>{{Citar web|ultimo=Schmidt|primeiro=Bernardo|url=http://bernardoschmidt.blogspot.com/2010/10/entrevista-com-alvin-l-parte-1.html|titulo=O Patativa: Entrevista com ALVIN L - Parte 1|data= 25 de outubro de 2010|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=O Patativa}}</ref> [[Guitarrista]] e compositor, começou no final dos [[Década de 1970|anos 70]] com o [[Banda musical|grupo]] [[punk]] Vândalos. Mais tarde formou os [[Rapazes de Vida Fácil]], mais influenciado pelo [[New wave (música)|new wave]], que chegou a lançar um [[Compacto simples|compacto]] em 1982 pela [[PolyGram|P hcaptcha probeolyGram]] e teve sua música de maior sucesso "Adriana na Piscina".<ref name=":0" /> Também flertou com o experimentalismo com a banda Brasil Palace. NOrmal edit Em seguida foi oo compositor principal dos Sex Beatles, formanda em 1990,<ref name=":0" /> que lançou dois discos, ''Automobília'' e ''Mondo Passionale'', nos [[Década de 1990|anos 1990]].<ref name=":1">{{Citar web|url=https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrad/fq220816.htm|titulo=Folha de S.Paulo - Disco: Alvin L., 35, chega ao trabalho solo - 22/08/97|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=www1.folha.uol.com.br}}</ref> O grupo trazia, além dele, na gu testitarra, a vocalista [[Cris Braun]], o guitarrista Ivan Mariz, o baixista Vicente Tardin e o baterista Marcelo Martins. [[Dado Villa-Lobos]], na test2 época ainda integrando a [[Legião Urbana]], chegou a tocar com os Sex Beatles, mas, para não ferir cláusulas contratuais, não mostrava o rosto e chegou a usar um [[Pseudónimo|pseudônimo]] quando tocou com a banda em apenas um show, no [[Circo Voador]].<ref name=":0" /> Durante todo o tempo, Alvin destacou-se como compositor, sendo gravado por outros intérpretes, principalmente [[Marina Lima]]<ref>{{Citar web|url=https://g1.globo.com/pop-arte/musica/blog/mauro-ferreira/post/2021/03/28/marina-lima-canta-com-mano-brown-em-ep-no-qual-reforca-parceria-com-alvin-l.ghtml|titulo=Marina Lima canta com Mano Brown em EP no qual reforça parceria com Alvin L|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=G1|lingua=pt-br}}</ref> ("Eu Não Sei Dançar",<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Citar web|url=http://screamyell.com.br/site/2020/06/22/entrevista-alvin-l-lanca-seu-primeiro-livro-o-veneno-dos-pequenos-detalhes/|titulo=Entrevista: Alvin L lança seu primeiro livro, “O Veneno dos Pequenos Detalhes” – SCREAM & YELL|acessodata=2022-04-27|lingua=pt-BR|wayb=20240919221805}}</ref> "Stromboli", "Deve Ser Assim", "Na Minha Mão" e outros), [[Capital Inicial]] ("Natasha", "Mickey Mouse em Moscou", "Todos os Lados", "Eu Vou Estar", "Tudo que Vai" e outros<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />), [[Leila Pinheiro]] (que registrou três músicas suas em ''[[Na Ponta da Língua]]''), e ainda [[Belô Velloso]] ("Menos Carnaval"), [[Toni Platão]] ("Tudo que Vai") e [[Ana Carolina (cantora)|Ana Carolina]] ("Perder Tempo com Você"). Seu primeiro disco solo, ''Alvin'', saiu em 1997<ref name=":2" /> pela [[Bertelsmann Music Group|BMG]] com a produção de [[Liminha (produtor musical)|Liminha]],<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Citar web|url=http://www.liminha.com.br/en/projeto/alvin/|titulo=Alvin|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=Liminha|wayb=20190218165613}}</ref> contendo regravações e inéditas.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{citar web|url=http://www.dicionariompb.com.br/alvin-l |titulo=Biografia no Cravo Albin|obra=[[Dicionário Cravo Albin da Música Popular Brasileira|dicionariompb.com.br]]|acessodata=19-12-2012}}</ref> Em 2020, lança seu primeiro [[livro]], o [[suspense]] ''O Veneno dos Pequenos Detalhes''.<ref name=":2" /> Em 2021, participa cantando na música "Kilimanjaro", do [[EP]] ''Motim'' de Marina Lima.<ref>{{Citar web|url=https://www.cartacapital.com.br/cultura/com-horror-a-bolsonaro-marina-lima-lanca-ep-e-deseja-deixar-sp/|titulo=Com “horror a Bolsonaro”, Marina Lima lança EP e deseja deixar SP - CartaCapital|acessodata=2022-04-27|website=www.cartacapital.com.br}}</ref> == Discografia == * [[1997]] - ''Alvin'' {{referências}} == Ligações externas == * {{discogs artist|Alvin L.}} * {{IMDb name|15852552}} {{NM|1959|2026}} [[Categoria:Cantores da Bahia]] [[Categoria:Guitarristas da Bahia]] [[Categoria:Guitarristas rítmicos]] [[Categoria:Compositores da Bahia]] [[Categoria:Naturais de Salvador]] [[Category:EA]]Test append == Testing == cross-origin edit == Testing == cross-origin edit == Testing == cross-origin edit qot87n83vc2slzjz8qd79rsrj2ovpse Sa 0 156788 745246 602540 2026-06-05T17:06:43Z ~2026-33416-16 74317 745246 wikitext text/x-wiki • 500,000 or 1,000,000 <nowiki>[[Abbasid]]</nowiki>civilians were killed they were women, children, elderly, or young. 9kbucx33beaee63qq54teeu8fi4zkqu 745247 745246 2026-06-05T17:07:30Z ~2026-33416-16 74317 745247 wikitext text/x-wiki • 500,000 or 1,000,000 Abbasid civilians were killed they were women,children, elderly,or young. df7o8pey94jrd0efrvwttliag117ise 745248 745247 2026-06-05T17:07:53Z ~2026-33416-16 74317 745248 wikitext text/x-wiki • 500,000 or 1,000,000 were killed they were women,children, elderly,or young. r8smeyi9wjzqsfsc146lqm7cesq5d0f 745249 745248 2026-06-05T17:08:23Z ~2026-33416-16 74317 /* */ 745249 wikitext text/x-wiki • 500,000 or 1,000,000 were killed 26b0hsswah7zfflwarwi9x8a9i8utfm 745250 745249 2026-06-05T17:14:36Z AutoModeratorTest 61468 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-33416-16|~2026-33416-16]] ([[User talk:~2026-33416-16|talk]]) to last revision by [[User:ABorba (WMF)|ABorba (WMF)]] 602540 wikitext text/x-wiki Choose pick item for ARRIS-5793 input ARRIS-5793 ARRIS-5377 ARRIS-3979 ''ARRIS-5555'' ARRIS-3973 ARRIS-5355 ARRIS-7533 Show edit publish rzbucrqbydzg9wexzve0mupj6r6skrn Test a 0 168761 745244 680988 2026-06-05T15:29:18Z ~2026-33419-81 74314 becoming a temp account - does it relaod the page? 745244 wikitext text/x-wiki test 2 Tes 42 Test 8 g0g1dt339jhhczz8phk26da5r9wtl8y User:NovaHyperion/searchTitle.js 2 175841 745260 745130 2026-06-05T22:18:19Z NovaHyperion 74261 745260 javascript text/javascript $(document).ready(function() { if(mw.config.get("wgCanonicalNamespace") == "" || mw.config.get("wgCanonicalNamespace") == "Draft") { var subjectName; var pageName = mw.config.get("wgTitle"); if(pageName.charAt(pageName.length - 1) == ")") { subjectName = pageName.substring(0, pageName.lastIndexOf("(") - 1); } else { subjectName = pageName; } var newNode = " <a href='https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=" + encodeURIComponent(subjectName.replace(/ /g, '_')) + "'>Search TWL</a>" $("#firstHeading").append(newNode); } }); o6ynyxm9cdcs6gbzixhp6po6eawujpp 745261 745260 2026-06-05T22:22:27Z NovaHyperion 74261 745261 javascript text/javascript $(document).ready(function() { if(mw.config.get("wgCanonicalNamespace") == "" || mw.config.get("wgCanonicalNamespace") == "Draft") { var subjectName; var pageName = mw.config.get("wgTitle"); if(pageName.charAt(pageName.length - 1) == ")") { subjectName = pageName.substring(0, pageName.lastIndexOf("(") - 1); } else { subjectName = pageName; } var newNode = " <a href='https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=\"" + encodeURIComponent(subjectName.replace(/ /g, '_')) + "\"'>Search TWL</a>" $("#firstHeading").append(newNode); } }); c1bgvthhktlukd7xbucqdsdecylp7lw 745262 745261 2026-06-05T22:23:31Z NovaHyperion 74261 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/745261|745261]] by [[Special:Contributions/NovaHyperion|NovaHyperion]] ([[User talk:NovaHyperion|talk]]) 745262 javascript text/javascript $(document).ready(function() { if(mw.config.get("wgCanonicalNamespace") == "" || mw.config.get("wgCanonicalNamespace") == "Draft") { var subjectName; var pageName = mw.config.get("wgTitle"); if(pageName.charAt(pageName.length - 1) == ")") { subjectName = pageName.substring(0, pageName.lastIndexOf("(") - 1); } else { subjectName = pageName; } var newNode = " <a href='https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=" + encodeURIComponent(subjectName.replace(/ /g, '_')) + "'>Search TWL</a>" $("#firstHeading").append(newNode); } }); o6ynyxm9cdcs6gbzixhp6po6eawujpp 745263 745262 2026-06-05T22:26:32Z NovaHyperion 74261 745263 javascript text/javascript $(document).ready(function() { if(mw.config.get("wgCanonicalNamespace") == "" || mw.config.get("wgCanonicalNamespace") == "Draft") { var subjectName; var pageName = mw.config.get("wgTitle"); if(pageName.charAt(pageName.length - 1) == ")") { subjectName = pageName.substring(0, pageName.lastIndexOf("(") - 1); } else { subjectName = pageName; } var newNode = " <a href='https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=" + encodeURIComponent(subjectName.replace(/ /g, '\\&20')) + "'>Search TWL</a>" $("#firstHeading").append(newNode); } }); rb44ng72516vjzi17ng9e1fmdkk0hz8 745264 745263 2026-06-05T22:28:14Z NovaHyperion 74261 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/745263|745263]] by [[Special:Contributions/NovaHyperion|NovaHyperion]] ([[User talk:NovaHyperion|talk]]) 745264 javascript text/javascript $(document).ready(function() { if(mw.config.get("wgCanonicalNamespace") == "" || mw.config.get("wgCanonicalNamespace") == "Draft") { var subjectName; var pageName = mw.config.get("wgTitle"); if(pageName.charAt(pageName.length - 1) == ")") { subjectName = pageName.substring(0, pageName.lastIndexOf("(") - 1); } else { subjectName = pageName; } var newNode = " <a href='https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/search/?q=" + encodeURIComponent(subjectName.replace(/ /g, '_')) + "'>Search TWL</a>" $("#firstHeading").append(newNode); } }); o6ynyxm9cdcs6gbzixhp6po6eawujpp User:SBassett (WMF)/Sandbox/Test 2 175868 745255 745202 2026-06-05T19:56:02Z SBassett (WMF) 40986 test 745255 wikitext text/x-wiki <timeline> ImageSize = width:600 height:160 PlotArea = left:50 right:30 top:30 bottom:30 DateFormat = yyyy Period = from:2020 till:2026 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:1 start:2020 Define $dx = 25 # text shift x Define $dy = -5 # text shift y PlotData= bar:Events width:20 color:blue from:2020 till:2021 text:"Project Launch" shift:($dx,$dy) from:2022 till:2023 text:"Major Update" shift:($dx,$dy) from:start till:2024 shift:($dx,15) text:Konstantin~[[Special:MyLanguage/Chernenko|Chernenko]] fontsize:XS </timeline> 6wxahpc6b4ufhx7jscbnhgieieajfe1 IDs 0 175875 745240 2026-06-05T14:05:07Z NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh 50179 + 745240 wikitext text/x-wiki Vue ts8v1vonahpmqy3xucix7k3r1wq01sf User:Philtech5 2 175876 745243 2026-06-05T15:25:47Z Philtech5 74312 /* */ un portrait basique, pour une présentation simple. 745243 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Abdelhak testing|L'aide]] une source en soi, c'est ainsi que l'on doit voir la perception des choses. Je me nomme henock Agbo. Élève en classe de terminale. J'ai actuellement 16 ans car je suis née en 2010. Je suis également développeur et entrepreneur. Je participe aussi à des concours de [https://res.cloudinary.com/dhrafrhvf/image/upload/v1780671481/IMG_20260303_192545_wisp54.jpg robotique]et bien d'autre. fmu1cnbksxpxdopwwauze28mfvuqgjg Anti-Sunni İslam in Persia 0 175877 745251 2026-06-05T17:15:15Z ÜŞEĞSŞEÜSŞWÜSŞEĞDĞEŞRĞEPS 74319 Created page with "D" 745251 wikitext text/x-wiki D 9fqdptwhdd0qphuzob6mpewzq534vnz Vikipediya:Qadcetlər/Kateqoriya təklifçisi/Müraciətlər 0 175878 745256 2026-06-05T20:55:17Z Əkrəm 53528 Created by translating the page "[[:az:Special:Redirect/revision/8944044|Vikipediya:Qadcetlər/Kateqoriya təklifçisi/Müraciətlər]]" 745256 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ombox.css"></templatestyles><blockquote>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.</blockquote> [[Category:Wikipedia requests for permissions]] tng7c6i7ariv31s784e61gn7x1lm7n5 745257 745256 2026-06-05T20:56:41Z Əkrəm 53528 745257 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ombox.css"></templatestyles><blockquote>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. 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