Kazakistaun

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  <siteinfo>
    <sitename>Wikipedia</sitename>
    <dbname>tetwiki</dbname>
    <base>https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1jina_Mahuluk</base>
    <generator>MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.13</generator>
    <case>first-letter</case>
    <namespaces>
      <namespace key="-2" case="first-letter">Media</namespace>
      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">Espesiál</namespace>
      <namespace key="0" case="first-letter" />
      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">Diskusaun</namespace>
      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">Uza-na'in</namespace>
      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">Diskusaun Uza-na'in</namespace>
      <namespace key="4" case="first-letter">Wikipedia</namespace>
      <namespace key="5" case="first-letter">Diskusaun Wikipedia</namespace>
      <namespace key="6" case="first-letter">Imajen</namespace>
      <namespace key="7" case="first-letter">Diskusaun Imajen</namespace>
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      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">Diskusaun MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">Template</namespace>
      <namespace key="11" case="first-letter">Diskusaun Template</namespace>
      <namespace key="12" case="first-letter">Ajuda</namespace>
      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">Diskusaun Ajuda</namespace>
      <namespace key="14" case="first-letter">Kategoria</namespace>
      <namespace key="15" case="first-letter">Diskusaun Kategoria</namespace>
      <namespace key="710" case="first-letter">TimedText</namespace>
      <namespace key="711" case="first-letter">TimedText talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="828" case="first-letter">Módulo</namespace>
      <namespace key="829" case="first-letter">Módulo Discussão</namespace>
      <namespace key="1728" case="first-letter">Evento</namespace>
      <namespace key="1729" case="first-letter">Evento Discussão</namespace>
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  </siteinfo>
  <page>
    <title>Kazakistaun</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>4316</id>
    <revision>
      <id>74395</id>
      <parentid>67865</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-31T18:32:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Vyacheslav Nasretdinov</username>
        <id>6044</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>74395</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="802" sha1="8rgm52d18ssgw8oc4rh87o0kg8byw3x" xml:space="preserve">{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;right&quot; width=&quot;290px&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&quot;
|+&lt;font size=&quot;+1&quot;&gt;'''Kazakistaun'''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| style=&quot;background:#ffffff;&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; |
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; tyle=&quot;background:#f9f9f9; text-align:center;&quot;
|-
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;135px&quot; | [[Imajen:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|130 px|Bandeira Kazakistaun nian]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; width=&quot;135px&quot; | [[Imajen:Emblem of Kazakhstan latin.svg |100px|Brazaun Kazakistaun nian]]
|}
|-
| align=center colspan=2 | [[Imajen:Kazakhstan (orthographic projection).svg|200px]]
|-
|}
'''Kazakistaun''' maka rai [[Ázia]] nian.
{{Ázia}}
[[Kategoria:Ázia]]
[[Kategoria:Kazakistaun]]</text>
      <sha1>8rgm52d18ssgw8oc4rh87o0kg8byw3x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Módulo:Citation/CS1/Configuration</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>7642</id>
    <revision>
      <id>74400</id>
      <parentid>74377</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-01T02:00:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Robertsky</username>
        <id>10424</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>fix</comment>
      <origin>74400</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="127174" sha1="qs73gg1cvbq93l732xyu3hnn74v1slz" xml:space="preserve">local lang_obj = mw.language.getContentLanguage();								-- make a language object for the local language; used here for languages and dates 


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T T I N G S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

boolean settings used to control various things.  these setting located here to make them easy to find

]]
																				-- these settings local to this module only
local local_digits_from_mediawiki = false;										-- for i18n; when true, module fills date_names['local_digits'] from MediaWiki; manual fill required else; always false at en.wiki
local local_date_names_from_mediawiki = true;									-- for i18n; when true, module fills date_names['local']['long'] and date_names['local']['short'] from MediaWiki;
																				-- manual translation required else; ; always false at en.wiki

																				-- these settings exported to other modules
local use_identifier_redirects = false;											-- when true use redirect name for identifier label links; always true at en.wiki
local local_lang_cat_enable = false;											-- when true categorizes pages where |language=&lt;local wiki's language&gt;; always false at en.wiki
local date_name_auto_xlate_enable = true;										-- when true translates English month-names to the local-wiki's language month names; always false at en.wiki
local date_digit_auto_xlate_enable = false;										-- when true translates Western date digit to the local-wiki's language digits (date_names['local_digits']); always false at en.wiki
local enable_sort_keys = true;													-- when true module adds namespace sort keys to error and maintenance category links

local suppress_archive_today_urls = true;										-- when true module suppresses all parameters with an archive.today url and any deprendent parameters

--[[--------------------------&lt; U N C A T E G O R I Z E D _ N A M E S P A C E S &gt;------------------------------

List of namespaces identifiers for namespaces that will not be included in citation error categories.
Same as setting notracking = true by default.

For wikis that have a current version of Module:cs1 documentation support, this #invoke will return an unordered
list of namespace names and their associated identifiers:
	{{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|uncategorized_namespace_lister|all=&lt;anything&gt;}}

]]

local uncategorized_namespaces_t = {[2]=true};										-- init with user namespace id
for k, _ in pairs (mw.site.talkNamespaces) do									-- add all talk namespace ids
	uncategorized_namespaces_t[k] = true;
end

local uncategorized_subpages = {'/[Ss]andbox', '/[Tt]estcases', '/[^/]*[Ll]og', '/[Aa]rchive'};		-- list of Lua patterns found in page names of pages we should not categorize

--[[
at en.wiki Greek characters are used as sort keys for certain items in a category so that those items are
placed at the end of a category page.  See Wikipedia:Categorization#Sort_keys.  That works well for en.wiki
because English is written using the Latn script.  This may not work well for other languages.  At en.wiki it
is desireable to place content from certain namespaces at the end of a category listing so the module adds sort
keys to error and maintenance category links when rendering a cs1|2 template on a page in that namespace.

i18n: if this does not work well for your language, set &lt;enable_sort_keys&gt; to false.
]]

local name_space_sort_keys = {													-- sort keys to be used with these namespaces:
	[4] = 'ω',																	-- wikipedia; omega
	[10] = 'τ',																	-- template; tau
	[118] = 'Δ', 																-- draft; delta
	['other'] = 'ο',															-- all other non-talk namespaces except main (article); omicron
	}

--[[--------------------------&lt; M E S S A G E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Translation table

The following contains fixed text that may be output as part of a citation.
This is separated from the main body to aid in future translations of this
module.

]]

local messages = {
	['agency'] = '$1 $2',														-- $1 is sepc, $2 is agency
	['archived-dead'] = 'Arkivadu hosi $1 iha $2.',
	['archived-live'] = '$1 hosi orijinál iha $2',
	['archived-unfit'] = 'Arkivadu hosi orijinál iha $1',
	['archived'] = 'Arkivadu',
	['by'] = 'Husi',																-- contributions to authored works: introduction, foreword, afterword
	['cartography'] = 'Kartografia husi $1',
	['editor'] = 'ed.',
	['editors'] = 'eds.',
	['edition'] = '($1&amp;nbsp;ed.)',
	['episode'] = 'Episódiu $1',
	['et al'] = 'et&amp;nbsp;al.',
	['in'] = 'Iha',																-- edited works
	['inactive'] = ' (inativu $1)',											-- $1 is date which the doi was found to be broken in 
	['inset'] = '$1 tau iha',
	['interview'] = 'Entrevista husi $1',
	invisible_1 = '$1 $2',														-- $1 stripmarker name; $2 is text from &lt;invisible_chars[1]&gt;
	invisible_2 = '$1 karákter',												-- $1 character name from &lt;invisible_chars[1]&gt;
	['mismatch'] = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt; la hanesan',	-- $1 is year param name; $2 is date param name
	['newsgroup'] = '[[:en:Usenet newsgroup|Grupu notísia]]:&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['notitle'] = 'Laiha títulu',													-- for |title=(()) and (in the future) |title=none
	['original'] = 'orijinál',
	['origdate'] = ' [$1]',
	['published'] = ' (publika husi $1)',
	['retrieved'] = 'Asesu iha $1',
	['season'] = 'Tempu $1',
	['section'] = '§&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['sections'] = '§§&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['series'] = '$1 $2',														-- $1 is sepc, $2 is series
	['seriesnum'] = 'Sere $1',
	['translated'] = 'Tradús husi $1',
	['type'] = ' ($1)',															-- for titletype

	wikidata = 'Wikidata',														-- these used for interwikilinked author/editor/... names
	wikipedia = 'Wikipédia',
	wikisource = 'Wikisource',

	['written'] = 'Hakerek iha $1',

	['vol'] = '$1 Vol.&amp;nbsp;$2',												-- $1 is sepc; bold journal style volume is in presentation{}
	['vol-no'] = '$1 Vol.&amp;nbsp;$2, no.&amp;nbsp;$3',								-- sepc, volume, issue (alternatively insert $1 after $2, but then we'd also have to change capitalization)
	['issue'] = '$1 No.&amp;nbsp;$2',												-- $1 is sepc

	['art'] = '$1 Art.&amp;nbsp;$2',												-- $1 is sepc; for {{cite conference}} only
	['vol-art'] = '$1 Vol.&amp;nbsp;$2, art.&amp;nbsp;$3',								-- sepc, volume, article-number; for {{cite conference}} only

	['j-vol'] = '$1 $2',														-- sepc, volume; bold journal volume is in presentation{}
	['j-issue'] = ' ($1)',
	['j-article-num'] = ' $1',													-- TODO: any punctuation here? static text?

	['nopp'] = '$1 $2';															-- page(s) without prefix; $1 is sepc

	['p-prefix'] = &quot;$1 p.&amp;nbsp;$2&quot;,												-- $1 is sepc
	['pp-prefix'] = &quot;$1 pp.&amp;nbsp;$2&quot;,											-- $1 is sepc
	['j-page(s)'] = ': $1',														-- same for page and pages

	['sheet'] = '$1 Folin&amp;nbsp;$2',												-- $1 is sepc
	['sheets'] = '$1 Folin sira&amp;nbsp;$2',											-- $1 is sepc
	['j-sheet'] = ': Folin&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['j-sheets'] = ': Folin sira&amp;nbsp;$1',
	
	['language'] = '(iha lian $1)',
	['via'] = &quot; &amp;ndash; liuhusi $1&quot;,
	['event'] = 'Eventu akontese iha',
	['minutes'] = ' $1 minutu iha',												-- $1 is the number of minutes
	
	-- Determines the location of the help page
	['help page link'] = 'Ajuda:CS1 errors',
	['help page label'] = 'ajuda',
	
	-- categories
	['cat wikilink'] = '[[Category:$1]]',										-- $1 is the category name
	['cat wikilink sk'] = '[[Category:$1|$2]]',									-- $1 is the category name; $2 is namespace sort key
	[':cat wikilink'] = '[[:Category:$1|link]]',								-- category name as maintenance message wikilink; $1 is the category name

	-- Internal errors (should only occur if configuration is bad)
	['undefined_error'] = 'Bolu ho kondisaun erru ne\'ebé la define',
	['unknown_ID_key'] = 'Xave ID ne\'ebé la rekoñese:',								-- an ID key in id_handlers not found in ~/Identifiers func_map{}
	['unknown_ID_access'] = 'Liafuan xave asesu ID ne\'ebé la rekoñese:',					-- an ID access keyword in id_handlers not found in keywords_lists['id-access']{}
	['unknown_argument_map'] = 'Mapa argumentu la define ba variável ida-ne\'e',
	['bare_url_no_origin'] = 'URL mamuk hetan maibé indikadór orijen nian laiha ka mamuk',
	
	['warning_msg_e'] = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:#d33&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;{$1}}&lt;/code&gt;: [[#$2|referénsia]] ida-ne\'e iha erru sira&lt;/span&gt;; mensajen sira bele subar ([[Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display|ajuda]]).';	-- $1 is template link; $2 is anchor ID
	['warning_msg_m'] = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:#085&quot;&gt;&lt;code style=&quot;color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;{$1}}&lt;/code&gt;: [[#$2|referénsia]] ida-ne\'e iha mensajen manutensaun nian&lt;/span&gt;; mensajen sira bele subar ([[Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display|ajuda]]).';	-- $1 is template link; $2 is anchor ID
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T A T I O N _ C L A S S _ M A P &gt;------------------------------------------

this table maps the value assigned to |CitationClass= in the cs1|2 templates to the canonical template name when
the value assigned to |CitationClass= is different from the canonical template name.  |CitationClass= values are
used as class attributes in the &lt;cite&gt; tag that encloses the citation so these names may not contain spaces while
the canonical template name may.  These names are used in warning_msg_e and warning_msg_m to create links to the
template's documentation when an article is displayed in preview mode.

]]

	local citation_class_map_t = {												-- TODO: in Module:Cite/config write a function to use this table 
		arxiv = 'cite arXiv',													-- as the source for known_templates_t and citation_classes_t
		['audio-visual'] = 'cite AV media',
		['AV-media-notes'] = 'cite AV media notes',
		biorxiv = 'cite bioRxiv',
		book = 'cite book',
		citation = 'citation',
		citeseerx = 'cite CiteSeerX',
		conference = 'cite conference',
		document = 'cite document',
		encyclopaedia = 'cite encyclopedia',
		episode = 'cite episode',
		interview = 'cite interview',
		journal = 'cite journal',
		magazine = 'cite magazine',
		mailinglist = 'cite mailing list',
		map = 'cite map',
		medrxiv = 'cite medRxiv',
		news = 'cite news',
		newsgroup = 'cite newsgroup',
		podcast = 'cite podcast',
		pressrelease = 'cite press release',
		report = 'cite report',
		serial = 'cite serial',
		sign = 'cite sign',
		speech = 'cite speech',
		ssrn = 'cite SSRN',
		techreport = 'cite tech report',
		thesis = 'cite thesis',
		web = 'cite web',
		}


--[=[-------------------------&lt; E T _ A L _ P A T T E R N S &gt;--------------------------------------------------

This table provides Lua patterns for the phrase &quot;et al&quot; and variants in name text
(author, editor, etc.). The main module uses these to identify and emit the 'etal' message.

]=]

local et_al_patterns = {
	&quot;[;,]? *[\&quot;']*%f[%a][Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll][%.;,\&quot;']*$&quot;,						-- variations on the 'et al' theme
	&quot;[;,]? *[\&quot;']*%f[%a][Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll][Ii][AaIi][Ee]?[%.;,\&quot;']*$&quot;,		-- variations on the 'et alia', 'et alii' and 'et aliae' themes (false positive 'et aliie' unlikely to match)
	&quot;[;,]? *%f[%a]and [Oo]thers&quot;,												-- an alternative to et al.
	&quot;%[%[ *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *%]%]&quot;,										-- a wikilinked form
	&quot;%(%( *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *%)%)&quot;,										-- a double-bracketed form (to counter partial removal of ((...)) syntax)
	&quot;[%(%[] *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *[%)%]]&quot;,									-- a bracketed form
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; P R E S E N T A T I O N &gt;------------------------

Fixed presentation markup.  Originally part of citation_config.messages it has
been moved into its own, more semantically correct place.

]]

local presentation = 
	{
	-- .citation-comment class is specified at Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display
	['hidden-error'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-hidden-error citation-comment&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',
	['visible-error'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',
	['hidden-maint'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-maint citation-comment&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',
	
	['accessdate'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;$1$2&lt;/span&gt;',			-- to allow editors to hide accessdate using personal CSS

	['bdi'] = '&lt;bdi$1&gt;$2&lt;/bdi&gt;',												-- bidirectional isolation used with |script-title= and the like

	['cite'] = '&lt;cite class=&quot;$1&quot;&gt;$2&lt;/cite&gt;';									-- for use when citation does not have a namelist and |ref= not set so no id=&quot;...&quot; attribute
	['cite-id'] = '&lt;cite id=&quot;$1&quot; class=&quot;$2&quot;&gt;$3&lt;/cite&gt;';							-- for use when when |ref= is set or when citation has a namelist

	['format'] = ' &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;($1)&lt;/span&gt;',						-- for |format=, |chapter-format=, etc.
	['interwiki'] = ' &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;[iha laran $1]&lt;/span&gt;',					-- for interwiki-language-linked author, editor, etc
	['interproj'] = ' &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;[iha $1]&lt;/span&gt;',					-- for interwiki-project-linked author, editor, etc (:d: and :s: supported; :w: ignored)

	-- various access levels, for |access=, |doi-access=, |arxiv=, ...
	-- narrow no-break space &amp;#8239; may work better than nowrap CSS. Or not? Browser support?

	['ext-link-access-signal'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;$1&quot; title=&quot;$2&quot;&gt;$3&lt;/span&gt;',		-- external link with appropriate lock icon
		['free'] = {class='id-lock-free', title='Asesu livre'},			-- classes defined in Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css
		['registration'] = {class='id-lock-registration', title='Presiza rejistu gratuitu'},
		['limited'] = {class='id-lock-limited', title='Asesu gratuitu limitadu; normalmente presiza subskrisaun'},
		['subscription'] = {class='id-lock-subscription', title='Presiza subskrisaun paga'},

	['interwiki-icon'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;$1&quot; title=&quot;$2&quot;&gt;$3&lt;/span&gt;',
		['class-wikisource'] = 'cs1-ws-icon',

	['italic-title'] = &quot;''$1''&quot;,

	['kern-left'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-kern-left&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;$1',					-- spacing to use when title contains leading single or double quote mark
	['kern-right'] = '$1&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-kern-right&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;',					-- spacing to use when title contains trailing single or double quote mark

	['nowrap1'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',								-- for nowrapping an item: &lt;span ...&gt;yyyy-mm-dd&lt;/span&gt;
	['nowrap2'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt; $2',							-- for nowrapping portions of an item: &lt;span ...&gt;dd mmmm&lt;/span&gt; yyyy (note white space)

	['ocins'] = '&lt;span title=&quot;$1&quot; class=&quot;Z3988&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;',
	
	['parameter'] = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',
	
	['ps_cs1'] = '.';															-- CS1 style postscript (terminal) character
	['ps_cs2'] = '';															-- CS2 style postscript (terminal) character (empty string)

	['quoted-text'] = '&lt;q&gt;$1&lt;/q&gt;',												-- for wrapping |quote= content
	['quoted-title'] = '&quot;$1&quot;',

	['sep_cs1'] = '.',															-- CS1 element separator
	['sep_cs2'] = ',',															-- CS2 separator
	['sep_nl'] = ';',															-- CS1|2 style name-list separator between names is a semicolon
	['sep_nl_and'] = ' no ',													-- used as last nl sep when |name-list-style=and and list has 2 items
	['sep_nl_end'] = '; no ',													-- used as last nl sep when |name-list-style=and and list has 3+ names
	['sep_name'] = ', ',														-- CS1|2 style last/first separator is &lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;
	['sep_nl_vanc'] = ',',														-- Vancouver style name-list separator between authors is a comma
	['sep_name_vanc'] = ' ',													-- Vancouver style last/first separator is a space

	['sep_list'] = ', ',														-- used for |language= when list has 3+ items except for last sep which uses sep_list_end
	['sep_list_pair'] = ' no ',												-- used for |language= when list has 2 items
	['sep_list_end'] = ', no ',												-- used as last list sep for |language= when list has 3+ items
	
	['trans-italic-title'] = &quot;&amp;#91;''$1''&amp;#93;&quot;,
	['trans-quoted-title'] = &quot;&amp;#91;$1&amp;#93;&quot;,									-- for |trans-title= and |trans-quote=
	['vol-bold'] = '$1 &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt;',												-- sepc, volume; for bold journal cites; for other cites ['vol'] in messages{}
	}

	
--[[--------------------------&lt; A L I A S E S &gt;---------------------------------

Aliases table for commonly passed parameters.

Parameter names on the right side in the assignments in this table must have been
defined in the Whitelist before they will be recognized as valid parameter names

]]

local aliases = {
	['AccessDate'] = {'access-date', 'accessdate'},								-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Agency'] = 'agency',
	['ArchiveDate'] = {'archive-date', 'archivedate'},							-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['ArchiveFormat'] = 'archive-format',
	['ArchiveURL'] = {'archive-url', 'archiveurl'},								-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['ArticleNumber'] = 'article-number',
	['ASINTLD'] = 'asin-tld',
	['At'] = 'at',																-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Authors'] = {'people', 'credits'},
	['BookTitle'] = {'book-title', 'booktitle'},
	['Cartography'] = 'cartography',
	['Chapter'] = {'chapter', 'contribution', 'entry', 'article', 'section'},
	['ChapterFormat'] = {'chapter-format', 'contribution-format', 'entry-format',
		'article-format', 'section-format'};
	['ChapterURL'] = {'chapter-url', 'contribution-url', 'entry-url', 'article-url', 'section-url'},	-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['ChapterUrlAccess'] = {'chapter-url-access', 'contribution-url-access',
		'entry-url-access', 'article-url-access', 'section-url-access'},		-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Class'] = 'class',														-- cite arxiv and arxiv identifier
	['Collaboration'] = 'collaboration',
	['Conference'] = {'conference', 'event'},
	['ConferenceFormat'] = 'conference-format',
	['ConferenceURL'] = 'conference-url',										-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Date'] = {'date', 'air-date', 'airdate'},									-- air-date and airdate for cite episode and cite serial only
	['Degree'] = 'degree',
	['DF'] = 'df',
	['DisplayAuthors'] = {'display-authors', 'display-subjects'},
	['DisplayContributors'] = 'display-contributors',
	['DisplayEditors'] = 'display-editors',
	['DisplayInterviewers'] = 'display-interviewers',
	['DisplayTranslators'] = 'display-translators',
	['Docket'] = 'docket',
	['DoiBroken'] = 'doi-broken-date',
	['Edition'] = 'edition',
	['Embargo'] = 'pmc-embargo-date',
	['Encyclopedia'] = {'encyclopedia', 'encyclopaedia', 'dictionary'},			-- cite encyclopedia only
	['Episode'] = 'episode',													-- cite serial only TODO: make available to cite episode?
	['Format'] = 'format',
	['ID'] = {'id', 'ID'},
	['Inset'] = 'inset',
	['Issue'] = {'issue', 'number'},
	['Language'] = {'language', 'lang'},
	['MailingList'] = {'mailing-list', 'mailinglist'},							-- cite mailing list only
	['Map'] = 'map',															-- cite map only
	['MapFormat'] = 'map-format',												-- cite map only
	['MapURL'] = {'map-url', 'mapurl'},											-- cite map only -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['MapUrlAccess'] = 'map-url-access',										-- cite map only -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Minutes'] = 'minutes',
	['Mode'] = 'mode',
	['NameListStyle'] = 'name-list-style',
	['Network'] = 'network',
	['Newsgroup'] = 'newsgroup',												-- cite newsgroup only
	['NoPP'] = {'no-pp', 'nopp'},
	['NoTracking'] = {'no-tracking', 'template-doc-demo'},
	['Number'] = 'number',														-- this case only for cite techreport
	['OrigDate'] = {'orig-date', 'orig-year', 'origyear'},
	['Others'] = 'others',
	['Page'] = {'page', 'p'},													-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Pages'] = {'pages', 'pp'},												-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Periodical'] = {'journal', 'magazine', 'newspaper', 'periodical', 'website', 'work'},
	['Place'] = {'place', 'location'},
	['PostScript'] = 'postscript',
	['PublicationDate'] = {'publication-date', 'publicationdate'},
	['PublicationPlace'] = {'publication-place', 'publicationplace'},
	['PublisherName'] = {'publisher', 'institution'},
	['Quote'] = {'quote', 'quotation'},
	['QuotePage'] = 'quote-page',
	['QuotePages'] = 'quote-pages',
	['Ref'] = 'ref',
	['Scale'] = 'scale',
	['ScriptChapter'] = {'script-chapter', 'script-contribution', 'script-entry',
		'script-article', 'script-section'},
	['ScriptEncyclopedia'] = {'script-encyclopedia', 'script-encyclopaedia'},	-- cite encyclopedia only
	['ScriptMap'] = 'script-map',
	['ScriptPeriodical'] = {'script-journal', 'script-magazine', 'script-newspaper',
		'script-periodical', 'script-website', 'script-work'},
	['ScriptQuote'] = 'script-quote',
	['ScriptTitle'] = 'script-title',											-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Season'] = 'season',
	['Sections'] = 'sections',													-- cite map only
	['Series'] = {'series', 'version'},
	['SeriesLink'] = {'series-link', 'serieslink'},
	['SeriesNumber'] = {'series-number', 'series-no'},
	['Sheet'] = 'sheet',														-- cite map only
	['Sheets'] = 'sheets',														-- cite map only
	['Station'] = 'station',
	['Time'] = 'time',
	['TimeCaption'] = 'time-caption',
	['Title'] = 'title',														-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['TitleLink'] = {'title-link', 'episode-link', 'episodelink'},				-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['TitleNote'] = {'title-note', 'department'},
	['TitleType'] = {'type', 'medium'},
	['TransChapter'] = {'trans-article', 'trans-chapter', 'trans-contribution',
		'trans-entry', 'trans-section'},
	['Transcript'] = 'transcript',
	['TranscriptFormat'] = 'transcript-format',	
	['TranscriptURL'] = 'transcript-url',										-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['TransEncyclopedia'] = {'trans-encyclopedia', 'trans-encyclopaedia'},		-- cite encyclopedia only
	['TransMap'] = 'trans-map',													-- cite map only
	['TransPeriodical'] = {'trans-journal', 'trans-magazine', 'trans-newspaper',
		'trans-periodical', 'trans-website', 'trans-work'},
	['TransQuote'] = 'trans-quote',
	['TransTitle'] = 'trans-title',												-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['URL'] = {'url', 'URL'},													-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['UrlAccess'] = 'url-access',												-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['UrlStatus'] = 'url-status',												-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Vauthors'] = 'vauthors',
	['Veditors'] = 'veditors',
	['Via'] = 'via',
	['Volume'] = 'volume',
	['Year'] = 'year',

	['AuthorList-First'] = {&quot;first#&quot;, &quot;author-first#&quot;, &quot;author#-first&quot;, &quot;author-given#&quot;, &quot;author#-given&quot;,
		&quot;subject-first#&quot;, &quot;subject#-first&quot;, &quot;subject-given#&quot;, &quot;subject#-given&quot;,
		&quot;given#&quot;},
	['AuthorList-Last'] = {&quot;last#&quot;, &quot;author-last#&quot;, &quot;author#-last&quot;, &quot;author-surname#&quot;, &quot;author#-surname&quot;,
		&quot;subject-last#&quot;, &quot;subject#-last&quot;, &quot;subject-surname#&quot;, &quot;subject#-surname&quot;,
		&quot;author#&quot;, 'host#', &quot;subject#&quot;, &quot;surname#&quot;},
	['AuthorList-Link'] = {&quot;author-link#&quot;, &quot;author#-link&quot;, &quot;subject-link#&quot;,
		&quot;subject#-link&quot;, &quot;authorlink#&quot;, &quot;author#link&quot;},
	['AuthorList-Mask'] = {&quot;author-mask#&quot;, &quot;author#-mask&quot;, &quot;subject-mask#&quot;, &quot;subject#-mask&quot;},

	['ContributorList-First'] = {'contributor-first#', 'contributor#-first',
		'contributor-given#', 'contributor#-given'},
	['ContributorList-Last'] = {'contributor-last#', 'contributor#-last',
		'contributor-surname#', 'contributor#-surname', 'contributor#'},
	['ContributorList-Link'] = {'contributor-link#', 'contributor#-link'},
	['ContributorList-Mask'] = {'contributor-mask#', 'contributor#-mask'},

	['EditorList-First'] = {&quot;editor-first#&quot;, &quot;editor#-first&quot;, &quot;editor-given#&quot;, &quot;editor#-given&quot;},
	['EditorList-Last'] = {&quot;editor-last#&quot;, &quot;editor#-last&quot;, &quot;editor-surname#&quot;,
		&quot;editor#-surname&quot;, &quot;editor#&quot;},
	['EditorList-Link'] = {&quot;editor-link#&quot;, &quot;editor#-link&quot;},
	['EditorList-Mask'] = {&quot;editor-mask#&quot;, &quot;editor#-mask&quot;},
	
	['InterviewerList-First'] = {'interviewer-first#', 'interviewer#-first',
		'interviewer-given#', 'interviewer#-given'},
	['InterviewerList-Last'] = {'interviewer-last#', 'interviewer#-last',
		'interviewer-surname#', 'interviewer#-surname', 'interviewer#'},
	['InterviewerList-Link'] = {'interviewer-link#', 'interviewer#-link'},
	['InterviewerList-Mask'] = {'interviewer-mask#', 'interviewer#-mask'},

	['TranslatorList-First'] = {'translator-first#', 'translator#-first',
		'translator-given#', 'translator#-given'},
	['TranslatorList-Last'] = {'translator-last#', 'translator#-last',
		'translator-surname#', 'translator#-surname', 'translator#'},
	['TranslatorList-Link'] = {'translator-link#', 'translator#-link'},
	['TranslatorList-Mask'] = {'translator-mask#', 'translator#-mask'},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; D E P E N D E N C I E S _ T &gt;--------------------------------------------------

a table of url-holding parameters upon which other parameters are dependent.

this table is used by has_archive_today_url() to suppress parameters that are dependant upon a url-holding parameter
that has as a value an archive.today (or alternate tld) url.

archive.today is deprecated at en.wiki; see Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/Archive.is_RFC_5

]]

local url_dependency_map_t = {													-- table of url-holding parameters and the meta-parameters that are dependent on them
	['url'] = {'AccessDate', 'ArchiveURL', 'Format', 'UrlAccess'},
	['archive-url'] = {'ArchiveDate', 'ArchiveFormat', 'UrlStatus'},
	['archiveurl'] = {'ArchiveDate', 'ArchiveFormat', 'UrlStatus'},
	['article-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'},
	['chapter-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'},
	['conference-url'] = {'ConferenceFormat'},
	['contribution-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'},
	['entry-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'},
	['map-url'] = {'MapFormat', 'MapUrlAccess'},
	['section-url'] = {'ChapterFormat', 'ChapterUrlAccess'},
	['transcript-url'] = {'TranscriptFormat'},
	};

local dependencies_t = {};														-- the table of url-holding parameters and their dependent parameters

for url_param, meta_parameters_t in pairs (url_dependency_map_t) do				-- sequence of meta-parameters (indexes) into &lt;aliases&gt; table
	local dependant_params_t = {};												-- collection of parameters that are dependent on this &lt;url_param&gt;
	for _, meta_parameter in ipairs (meta_parameters_t) do						-- for each &lt;aliases&gt; meta-parameter (index)
		if 'string' == type (aliases[meta_parameter]) then						-- for single parameter names (no aliases), &lt;aliases[meta_parameter]&gt; will be a string
			table.insert (dependant_params_t, aliases[meta_parameter]);			-- add to this &lt;url_param&gt;'s dependency sequence
		else
			for _, alias in ipairs (aliases[meta_parameter]) do					-- for each alias in aliases[meta_parameter] (aliases['AccessDate'] for example)
				table.insert (dependant_params_t, alias);						-- add to this &lt;url_param&gt;'s dependency sequence
			end
		end
	end
	dependencies_t[url_param] = dependant_params_t;								-- add the &lt;url_param&gt; and its dependent parameters
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P U N C T _ S K I P &gt;---------------------------

builds a table of parameter names that the extraneous terminal punctuation check should not check.

]]

local punct_meta_params = {														-- table of aliases[] keys (meta parameters); each key has a table of parameter names for a value
	'BookTitle', 'Chapter', 'ScriptChapter', 'ScriptTitle', 'Title', 'TransChapter', 'Transcript', 'TransMap',	'TransTitle',	-- title-holding parameters
	'AuthorList-Mask', 'ContributorList-Mask', 'EditorList-Mask', 'InterviewerList-Mask', 'TranslatorList-Mask',	-- name-list mask may have name separators
	'PostScript', 'Quote', 'ScriptQuote', 'TransQuote', 'Ref',						-- miscellaneous
	'ArchiveURL', 'ChapterURL', 'ConferenceURL', 'MapURL', 'TranscriptURL', 'URL',	-- URL-holding parameters
	}

local url_meta_params = {														-- table of aliases[] keys (meta parameters); each key has a table of parameter names for a value
	'ArchiveURL', 'ChapterURL', 'ConferenceURL', 'ID', 'MapURL', 'TranscriptURL', 'URL',		-- parameters allowed to hold urls
	'Page', 'Pages', 'At', 'QuotePage', 'QuotePages',							-- insource locators allowed to hold urls
	}

local function build_skip_table (skip_t, meta_params)
	for _, meta_param in ipairs (meta_params) do								-- for each meta parameter key
		local params = aliases[meta_param];										-- get the parameter or the table of parameters associated with the meta parameter name
		if 'string' == type (params) then
			skip_t[params] = 1;													-- just a single parameter
		else
			for _, param in ipairs (params) do									-- get the parameter name
				skip_t[param] = 1;												-- add the parameter name to the skip table
				local count;
				param, count = param:gsub ('#', '');							-- remove enumerator marker from enumerated parameters
				if 0 ~= count then												-- if removed
					skip_t[param] = 1;											-- add param name without enumerator marker
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return skip_t;
end

local punct_skip = {};
local url_skip = {};


--[[--------------------------&lt; U R L _ A C C E S S _ M A P &gt;--------------------------------------------------

this table used by the wikipedia library url test, has_twl_url(), which automatically sets a url-access parameter
to 'subscription' when it discovers a wikipedia library url in any of the url-holding paramters used as keys in
this table.

translators:  if your wiki uses parameter names for these url-holding parameters and their matching -access parameters,
add your wiki's parameters to this list.  Leave the English parameters in place.

TODO: is there a better way to do this?

]]

local url_access_map_t = {
	['chapter-url'] = 'chapter-url-access',
	['contribution-url'] = 'contribution-url-access',
	['entry-url'] = 'entry-url-access',
	['article-url'] = 'article-url-access',
	['section-url'] = 'section-url-access',
	['map-url'] = 'map-url-access',
	['mapurl'] = 'map-url-access',
	['url'] = 'url-access',
	['URL'] = 'url-access'
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; S I N G L E - L E T T E R   S E C O N D - L E V E L   D O M A I N S &gt;----------

this is a list of tlds that are known to have single-letter second-level domain names.  This list does not include
ccTLDs which are accepted in is_domain_name().

]]

local single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t = {'cash', 'company', 'foundation', 'media', 'org', 'today'};


--[[-----------&lt; S P E C I A L   C A S E   T R A N S L A T I O N S &gt;------------

This table is primarily here to support internationalization.  Translations in
this table are used, for example, when an error message, category name, etc.,
is extracted from the English alias key.  There may be other cases where
this translation table may be useful.

]]
local is_Latn = 'A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143\225\184\128-\225\187\191';
local special_case_translation = {
	author = 'na\'in',
	editor = 'editór',
	name_list_params = '$1-name-list parámetru sira',								-- $1 is 'author' or 'editor'; used with err_redundant_parameters

	['AuthorList'] = 'lista autór sira',											-- used to assemble maintenance category names
	['ContributorList'] = 'lista kontribuinte sira',									-- translation of these names plus translation of the base maintenance category names in maint_cats{} table below
	['EditorList'] = 'lista editór sira',											-- must match the names of the actual categories
	['InterviewerList'] = 'lista entrevistadór sira',									-- this group or translations used by name_has_ed_markup() and name_has_mult_names()
	['TranslatorList'] = 'lista tradutór sira',
	
																				-- Lua patterns to match pseudo-titles used by InternetArchiveBot and others as placeholder for unknown |title= value
	['archived_copy'] = {														-- used with CS1 maint: Archive[d] copy as title
		['en'] = '^archived?%s+copy$',											-- for English; translators: keep this because templates imported from en.wiki
		['local'] = '^kópia?%s+arkivadu$',														-- translators: replace ['local'] = nil with lowercase translation only when bots or tools create generic titles in your language
		},

																				-- Lua patterns to match generic titles; usually created by bots or reference filling tools
																				-- translators: replace ['local'] = nil with lowercase translation only when bots or tools create generic titles in your language
		-- generic titles and patterns in this table should be lowercase only
		-- leave ['local'] nil except when there is a matching generic title in your language
		-- boolean 'true' for plain-text searches; 'false' for pattern searches

	['generic_titles'] = {
		['accept'] = {
			},
		['reject'] = {
			{['en'] = {'^wayback%s+machine$', false},				['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'are you a robot', true},					['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'hugedomains', true},						['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[%(%[{&lt;]?no +title[&gt;}%]%)]?$', false},		['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'page not found', true},						['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'subscribe to read', true},					['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[%(%[{&lt;]?unknown[&gt;}%]%)]?$', false},		['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'website is for sale', true},				['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^404', false},								['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'error[ %-]404', false},						['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'internet archive wayback machine', true},	['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'log into facebook', true},					['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'login • instagram', true},					['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'redirecting...', true},						['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'usurped title', true},						['local'] = nil},	-- added by a GreenC bot
			{['en'] = {'wayback machine', true},					['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'webcite query result', true},				['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'wikiwix\'s cache', true},					['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'bot verification', true},					['local'] = nil},
			}
		},

		-- boolean 'true' for plain-text searches, search string must be lowercase only
		-- boolean 'false' for pattern searches
		-- leave ['local'] nil except when there is a matching generic name in your language

	['generic_names'] = {
		['accept'] = {
			{['en'] = {'%[%[[^|]*%(author%) *|[^%]]*%]%]', false},				['local'] = nil},
			},
		['reject'] = {
			{['en'] = {'about us', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Aa]dvisor%f[%A]', false},						['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'allmusic', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Aa]uthor%f[%A]', false},							['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[Bb]ureau$', false},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'business', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'cnn', true},											['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'collaborator', true},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[Cc]ompany$', false},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'contributor', true},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'contact us', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'correspondent', true},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[Dd]esk$', false},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'directory', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'%f[%(%[][%(%[]%s*eds?%.?%s*[%)%]]?$', false},			['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'[,%.%s]%f[e]eds?%.?$', false},							['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^eds?[%.,;]', false},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[%(%[]%s*[Ee][Dd][Ss]?%.?%s*[%)%]]', false},			['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Ee]dited%f[%A]', false},							['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Ee]ditors?%f[%A]', false},						['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Ee]mail%f[%A]', false},							['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'facebook', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'google', true},											['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[Gg]roup$', false},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'home page', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[Ii]nc%.?$', false},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'instagram', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'interviewer', true},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[Ll]imited$', false},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'linkedIn', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'^[Nn]ews$', false},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'[Nn]ews[ %-]?[Rr]oom', false},							['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'pinterest', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'policy', true},											['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'privacy', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'reuters', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'translator', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'tumblr', true},											['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'twitter', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'site name', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'statement', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'submitted', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'super.?user', false},									['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'%f['..is_Latn..'][Uu]ser%f[^'..is_Latn..']', false},	['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'updated', true},										['local'] = nil},
			{['en'] = {'verfasser', true},										['local'] = nil},
			}
		}
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; D A T E _ N A M E S &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

This table of tables lists local language date names and fallback English date names.
The code in Date_validation will look first in the local table for valid date names.
If date names are not found in the local table, the code will look in the English table.

Because citations can be copied to the local wiki from en.wiki, the English is
required when the date-name translation function date_name_xlate() is used.

In these tables, season numbering is defined by
Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) Specification (https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/)
which became part of ISO 8601 in 2019.  See '§Sub-year groupings'. The standard
defines various divisions using numbers 21-41. CS1|2 only supports generic seasons.
EDTF does support the distinction between north and south hemisphere seasons
but CS1|2 has no way to make that distinction.

33-36 = Quarter 1, Quarter 2, Quarter 3, Quarter 4 (3 months each)

The standard does not address 'named' dates so, for the purposes of CS1|2,
Easter and Christmas are defined here as 98 and 99, which should be out of the
ISO 8601 (EDTF) range of uses for a while.

local_date_names_from_mediawiki is a boolean.  When set to:
	true – module will fetch local month names from MediaWiki for both date_names['local']['long'] and date_names['local']['short']; this will unconditionally overwrite manual translations
	false – module will *not* fetch local month names from MediaWiki

Caveat lector:  There is no guarantee that MediaWiki will provide short month names.  At your wiki you can test
the results of the MediaWiki fetch in the debug console with this command (the result is alpha sorted):
	=mw.dumpObject (p.date_names['local'])

While the module can fetch month names from MediaWiki, it cannot fetch the quarter, season, and named date names
from MediaWiki.  Those must be translated manually.

]]

local local_date_names_from_mediawiki = true;									-- when false, manual translation required for date_names['local']['long'] and date_names['local']['short']; overwrites manual translations
																				-- when true, module fetches long and short month names from MediaWiki
local date_names = {
	['en'] = {																	-- English
		['long']	= {['January'] = 1, ['February'] = 2, ['March'] = 3, ['April'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['June'] = 6, ['July'] = 7, ['August'] = 8, ['September'] = 9, ['October'] = 10, ['November'] = 11, ['December'] = 12},
		['short']	= {['Jan'] = 1, ['Feb'] = 2, ['Mar'] = 3, ['Apr'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['Jun'] = 6, ['Jul'] = 7, ['Aug'] = 8, ['Sep'] = 9, ['Oct'] = 10, ['Nov'] = 11, ['Dec'] = 12},
		['quarter'] = {['First Quarter'] = 33, ['Second Quarter'] = 34, ['Third Quarter'] = 35, ['Fourth Quarter'] = 36},
		['season']	= {['Winter'] = 24, ['Spring'] = 21, ['Summer'] = 22, ['Fall'] = 23, ['Autumn'] = 23},
		['named']	= {['Easter'] = 98, ['Christmas'] = 99},
		},
																				-- when local_date_names_from_mediawiki = false
	['local'] = {																-- replace these English date names with the local language equivalents
		['long']	= {['January'] = 1, ['February'] = 2, ['March'] = 3, ['April'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['June'] = 6, ['July'] = 7, ['August'] = 8, ['September'] = 9, ['October'] = 10, ['November'] = 11, ['December'] = 12},
		['short']	= {['Jan'] = 1, ['Feb'] = 2, ['Mar'] = 3, ['Apr'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['Jun'] = 6, ['Jul'] = 7, ['Aug'] = 8, ['Sep'] = 9, ['Oct'] = 10, ['Nov'] = 11, ['Dec'] = 12},
		['quarter'] = {['Trimestre dahuluk'] = 33, ['Trimestre daruak'] = 34, ['Trimestre datoluk'] = 35, ['Trimestre dahaat'] = 36},
		['season']	= {['Invernu'] = 24, ['Primavera'] = 21, ['Veraun'] = 22, ['Outonu'] = 23},
		['named']	= {['Páskua'] = 98, ['Natal'] = 99},
		},
	['inv_local_long'] = {},													-- used in date reformatting &amp; translation; copy of date_names['local'].long where k/v are inverted: [1]='&lt;local name&gt;' etc.
	['inv_local_short'] = {},													-- used in date reformatting &amp; translation; copy of date_names['local'].short where k/v are inverted: [1]='&lt;local name&gt;' etc.
	['inv_local_quarter'] = {},													-- used in date translation; copy of date_names['local'].quarter where k/v are inverted: [1]='&lt;local name&gt;' etc.
	['inv_local_season'] = {},													-- used in date translation; copy of date_names['local'].season where k/v are inverted: [1]='&lt;local name&gt;' etc.
	['inv_local_named'] = {},													-- used in date translation; copy of date_names['local'].named where k/v are inverted: [1]='&lt;local name&gt;' etc.
	['local_digits'] = {['0'] = '0', ['1'] = '1', ['2'] = '2', ['3'] = '3', ['4'] = '4', ['5'] = '5', ['6'] = '6', ['7'] = '7', ['8'] = '8', ['9'] = '9'},	-- used to convert local language digits to Western 0-9
	['xlate_digits'] = {},
	}

if local_date_names_from_mediawiki then											-- if fetching local month names from MediaWiki is enabled
	local long_t = {};
	local short_t = {};
	for i=1, 12 do																-- loop 12x and 
		local name = lang_obj:formatDate('F', '2022-' .. i .. '-1');			-- get long month name for each i
		long_t[name] = i;														-- save it
		name = lang_obj:formatDate('M', '2022-' .. i .. '-1');					-- get short month name for each i
		short_t[name] = i;														-- save it
	end
	date_names['local']['long'] = long_t;										-- write the long table – overwrites manual translation
	date_names['local']['short'] = short_t;										-- write the short table – overwrites manual translation
end
																				-- create inverted date-name tables for reformatting and/or translation
for _, invert_t in pairs {{'long', 'inv_local_long'}, {'short', 'inv_local_short'}, {'quarter', 'inv_local_quarter'}, {'season', 'inv_local_season'}, {'named', 'inv_local_named'}} do
	for name, i in pairs (date_names['local'][invert_t[1]]) do					-- this table is ['name'] = i
		date_names[invert_t[2]][i] = name;										-- invert to get [i] = 'name' for conversions from ymd
	end
end

if local_digits_from_mediawiki then												-- if fetching local digits from MediaWiki is enabled
	local digits_t = {};
	for i=0, 9 do																-- loop 10x and 
		digits_t [lang_obj:formatNum (i)] = tostring (i);						-- format the loop indexer as local lang table index and assign loop indexer (a string) as the value
	end
	date_names['local_digits'] = digits_t;
end

for ld, ed in pairs (date_names.local_digits) do								-- make a digit translation table for simple date translation from en to local language using local_digits table
	date_names.xlate_digits [ed] = ld;											-- en digit becomes index with local digit as the value
end

local df_template_patterns = {													-- table of redirects to {{Use dmy dates}} and {{Use mdy dates}}
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(dmy) +dates *[|}]',	-- 1159k								-- sorted by approximate transclusion count
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(mdy) +dates *[|}]',	-- 212k
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(MDY) +dates *[|}]',	-- 788
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(DMY) +dates *[|}]',	-- 343
	'{{ *([Mm]dy) *[|}]',				-- 176
	'{{ *[Uu]se *(dmy) *[|}]',			-- 156 + 18
	'{{ *[Uu]se *(mdy) *[|}]',			-- 149 + 11
	'{{ *([Dd]my) *[|}]',				-- 56
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(MDY) *[|}]',			-- 5
	'{{ *([Dd]MY) *[|}]',				-- 3
	'{{ *[Uu]se(mdy)dates *[|}]',		-- 1
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(DMY) *[|}]',			-- 0
	'{{ *([Mm]DY) *[|}]',				-- 0
	}

local title_object = mw.title.getCurrentTitle();
local content;																	-- done this way  so that unused templates appear in unused-template-reports; self-transcluded makes them look like they are used
if 10 ~= title_object.namespace then											-- all namespaces except Template
	content = title_object:getContent() or '';									-- get the content of the article or ''; new pages edited w/ve do not have 'content' until saved; ve does not preview; phab:T221625
end

local function get_date_format ()
	if not content then															-- nil content when we're in template
		return nil;																-- auto-formatting does not work in Template space so don't set global_df
	end
	for _, pattern in ipairs (df_template_patterns) do							-- loop through the patterns looking for {{Use dmy dates}} or {{Use mdy dates}} or any of their redirects
		local start, _, match = content:find(pattern);							-- match is the three letters indicating desired date format
		if match then
			local use_dates_template = content:match ('%b{}', start);			-- get the whole template
			if use_dates_template:match ('| *cs1%-dates *= *[lsy][sy]?') then	-- look for |cs1-dates=publication date length access-/archive-date length
				return match:lower() .. '-' .. use_dates_template:match ('| *cs1%-dates *= *([lsy][sy]?)');
			else
				return match:lower() .. '-all';									-- no |cs1-dates= k/v pair; return value appropriate for use in |df=
			end
		end
	end
end

local global_df;																-- TODO: add this to &lt;global_cs1_config_t&gt;?


--[[-----------------&lt; V O L U M E ,  I S S U E ,  P A G E S &gt;------------------

These tables hold cite class values (from the template invocation) and identify those templates that support
|volume=, |issue=, and |page(s)= parameters.  Cite conference and cite map require further qualification which
is handled in the main module.

]]

local templates_using_volume = {'citation', 'audio-visual', 'book', 'conference', 'encyclopaedia', 'interview', 'journal', 'magazine', 'map', 'news', 'report', 'techreport', 'thesis'}
local templates_using_issue = {'citation', 'conference', 'episode', 'interview', 'journal', 'magazine', 'map', 'news', 'podcast'}
local templates_not_using_page = {'audio-visual', 'episode', 'mailinglist', 'newsgroup', 'podcast', 'serial', 'sign', 'speech'}

--[[

These tables control when it is appropriate for {{citation}} to render |volume= and/or |issue=.  The parameter
names in the tables constrain {{citation}} so that its renderings match the renderings of the equivalent cs1
templates.  For example, {{cite web}} does not support |volume= so the equivalent {{citation |website=...}} must
not support |volume=.

]]

local citation_no_volume_t = {													-- {{citation}} does not render |volume= when these parameters are used
	'website', 'mailinglist', 'script-website',
	}
local citation_issue_t = {														-- {{citation}} may render |issue= when these parameters are used
	'journal', 'magazine', 'newspaper', 'periodical', 'work',
	'script-journal', 'script-magazine', 'script-newspaper', 'script-periodical', 'script-work',
	}

--[[

Patterns for finding extra text in |volume=, |issue=, |page=, |pages=

]]

local vol_iss_pg_patterns = {
	good_ppattern = '^P[^%.PpGg]',												-- OK to begin with uppercase P: P7 (page 7 of section P), but not p123 (page 123); TODO: this allows 'Pages' which it should not
	bad_ppatterns = {															-- patterns for |page= and |pages=
		'^[Pp][PpGg]?%.?[ %d]',
		'^[Pp][Pp]?%.&amp;nbsp;',													-- from {{p.}} and {{pp.}} templates
		'^[Pp]ages?',
		'^[Pp]gs.?',
		},
	vi_patterns_t = {															-- combined to catch volume-like text in |issue= and issue-like text in |volume=
		'^volumes?',															-- volume-like text
		'^vols?[%.:=]?',

		'^issues?',																--issue-like text
		'^iss[%.:=]?',
		'^numbers?',
		'^nos?%A',																-- don't match 'november' or 'nostradamus'
		'^nr[%.:=]?',
		'^n[%.:= ]',															-- might be a valid issue without separator (space char is sep char here)
		'^n°',																	-- 'n' with degree sign (U+00B0)
		'^№',																	-- precomposed unicode numero character (U+2116)
		},
	}

--[[--------------------------&lt; K E Y W O R D S &gt;-------------------------------

These tables hold keywords for those parameters that have defined sets of acceptable keywords.

]]

--[[-------------------&lt; K E Y W O R D S   T A B L E &gt;--------------------------

this is a list of keywords; each key in the list is associated with a table of
synonymous keywords possibly from different languages.

for I18N: add local-language keywords to value table; do not change the key.
For example, adding the German keyword 'ja':
	['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y', 'ja'},

Because CS1|2 templates from en.wiki articles are often copied to other local wikis,
it is recommended that the English keywords remain in these tables.

]]

local keywords = {
	['amp'] = {'&amp;', 'amp', 'ampersand'}, 										-- |name-list-style=
	['and'] = {'and', 'serial', 'no'},												-- |name-list-style=
	['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y'},										-- |no-tracking=, |no-pp= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['afterword'] = {'afterword'},												-- |contribution=
	['bot: unknown'] = {'bot: unknown'},										-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['cs1'] = {'cs1'},															-- |mode=
	['cs2'] = {'cs2'},															-- |mode=
	['dead'] = {'dead', 'deviated', 'mate'},											-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['dmy'] = {'dmy'},															-- |df=
	['dmy-all'] = {'dmy-all'},													-- |df=
	['foreword'] = {'foreword'},												-- |contribution=
	['free'] = {'free' ,'gratis', 'gratuitu', 'gratuita'},														-- |&lt;id&gt;-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['harv'] = {'harv'},														-- |ref=; this no longer supported; is_valid_parameter_value() called with &lt;invert&gt; = true
	['introduction'] = {'introduction', 'introdusaun'},										-- |contribution=
	['limited'] = {'limited', 'limitadu', 'limitada'},													-- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['live'] = {'live', 'moris'},														-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['mdy'] = {'mdy'},															-- |df=
	['mdy-all'] = {'mdy-all'},													-- |df=
	['none'] = {'none'},														-- |postscript=, |ref=, |title=, |type= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['off'] = {'off'},															-- |title= (potentially also: |title-link=, |postscript=, |ref=, |type=)
	['preface'] = {'preface', 'prefásiu'},													-- |contribution=
	['registration'] = {'registration', 'rejistrasaun'},										-- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['subscription'] = {'subscription', 'asinatura'},										-- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['unfit'] = {'unfit'},														-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['usurped'] = {'usurped'},													-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['vanc'] = {'vanc'},														-- |name-list-style=
	['ymd'] = {'ymd'},															-- |df=
	['ymd-all'] = {'ymd-all'},													-- |df=
	--	['yMd'] = {'yMd'},														-- |df=; not supported at en.wiki
	--	['yMd-all'] = {'yMd-all'},												-- |df=; not supported at en.wiki
	}


--[[------------------------&lt; X L A T E _ K E Y W O R D S &gt;---------------------

this function builds a list, keywords_xlate{}, of the keywords found in keywords{} where the values from keywords{}
become the keys in keywords_xlate{} and the keys from keywords{} become the values in keywords_xlate{}:
	['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y'},		-- in keywords{}
becomes
	['yes'] = 'affirmative',					-- in keywords_xlate{}
	['true'] = 'affirmative',
	['y'] = 'affirmative',

the purpose of this function is to act as a translator between a non-English keyword and its English equivalent
that may be used in other modules of this suite

]]

local function xlate_keywords ()
	local out_table = {};														-- output goes here
	for k, keywords_t in pairs (keywords) do									-- spin through the keywords table
		for _, keyword in ipairs (keywords_t) do								-- for each keyword
			out_table[keyword] = k;												-- create an entry in the output table where keyword is the key
		end
	end
	
	return out_table;
end

local keywords_xlate = xlate_keywords ();										-- the list of translated keywords


--[[----------------&lt; M A K E _ K E Y W O R D S _ L I S T &gt;---------------------

this function assembles, for parameter-value validation, the list of keywords appropriate to that parameter.

keywords_lists{}, is a table of tables from keywords{}

]]

local function make_keywords_list (keywords_lists)
	local out_table = {};														-- output goes here
	
	for _, keyword_list in ipairs (keywords_lists) do							-- spin through keywords_lists{} and get a table of keywords
		for _, keyword in ipairs (keyword_list) do								-- spin through keyword_list{} and add each keyword, ...
			table.insert (out_table, keyword);									-- ... as plain text, to the output list
		end
	end
	return out_table;
end


--[[----------------&lt; K E Y W O R D S _ L I S T S &gt;-----------------------------

this is a list of lists of valid keywords for the various parameters in [key].
Generally the keys in this table are the canonical en.wiki parameter names though
some are contrived because of use in multiple differently named parameters:
['yes_true_y'], ['id-access'].

The function make_keywords_list() extracts the individual keywords from the
appropriate list in keywords{}.

The lists in this table are used to validate the keyword assignment for the
parameters named in this table's keys.

]]

local keywords_lists = {
	['yes_true_y'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.affirmative}),
	['contribution'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.afterword, keywords.foreword, keywords.introduction, keywords.preface}),
	['df'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dmy, keywords['dmy-all'], keywords.mdy, keywords['mdy-all'], keywords.ymd, keywords['ymd-all']}),
	--	['df'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dmy, keywords['dmy-all'], keywords.mdy, keywords['mdy-all'], keywords.ymd, keywords['ymd-all'], keywords.yMd, keywords['yMd-all']}),	-- not supported at en.wiki
	['mode'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.cs1, keywords.cs2}),
	['name-list-style'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.amp, keywords['and'], keywords.vanc}),
	['ref'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.harv}),								-- inverted check; |ref=harv no longer supported
	['url-access'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.subscription, keywords.limited, keywords.registration}),
	['url-status'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dead, keywords.live, keywords.unfit, keywords.usurped, keywords['bot: unknown']}),
	['id-access'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.free}),
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; C S 1 _ C O N F I G _ G E T &gt;--------------------------------------------------

fetch and validate values from {{cs1 config}} template to fill &lt;global_cs1_config_t&gt;

no error messages; when errors are detected, the parameter value from {{cs1 config}} is blanked.

Supports all parameters and aliases associated with the metaparameters: DisplayAuthors, DisplayContributors,
DisplayEditors, DisplayInterviewers, DisplayTranslators, NameListStyle, and Mode.  The DisplayWhatever metaparameters
accept numeric values only (|display-authors=etal and the like is not supported).

]]

local global_cs1_config_t = {};													-- TODO: add value returned from get_date_format() to this table?

local function get_cs1_config ()
	if not content then															-- nil content when we're in template
		return nil;																-- auto-formatting does not work in Template space so don't set global_df
	end

	local start = content:find('{{ *[Cc][Ss]1 config *[|}]');					-- &lt;start&gt; is offset into &lt;content&gt; when {{cs1 config}} found; nil else
	if start then
		local cs1_config_template = content:match ('%b{}', start);				-- get the whole template

		if not cs1_config_template then
			return nil;
		end

		local params_t = mw.text.split (cs1_config_template:gsub ('^{{%s*', ''):gsub ('%s*}}$', ''), '%s*|%s*');	-- remove '{{' and '}}'; make a sequence of parameter/value pairs (split on the pipe)
		table.remove (params_t, 1);												-- remove the template name because it isn't a parameter/value pair

		local config_meta_params_t = {'DisplayAuthors', 'DisplayContributors', 'DisplayEditors', 'DisplayInterviewers', 'DisplayTranslators', 'NameListStyle', 'Mode'};
		local meta_param_map_t = {};											-- list of accepted parameter names usable in {{cs1 config}} goes here
		
		for _, meta_param in ipairs (config_meta_params_t) do					-- for i18n using &lt;config_meta_params_t&gt;, map template parameter names to their metaparameter equivalents
			if 'table' == type (aliases[meta_param]) then						-- if &lt;meta_param&gt; is a sequence, 
				for _, param in ipairs (aliases[meta_param]) do					-- extract its contents
					meta_param_map_t[param] = meta_param;						-- and add to &lt;meta_param_map_t&gt;
				end
			else
				meta_param_map_t[aliases[meta_param]] = meta_param;				-- not a sequence so just add the parameter to &lt;meta_param_map_t&gt;
			end
		end

		local keywords_t = {};													-- map valid keywords to their associate metaparameter; reverse form of &lt;keyword_lists[key] for these metaparameters
		for _, metaparam_t in ipairs ({{'NameListStyle', 'name-list-style'}, {'Mode', 'mode'}}) do	-- only these metaparameter / keywords_lists key pairs
			for _, keyword in ipairs (keywords_lists[metaparam_t[2]]) do		-- spin through the list of keywords
				keywords_t[keyword] = metaparam_t[1];							-- add [keyword] = metaparameter to the map
			end
		end

		for _, param in ipairs (params_t) do									-- spin through the {{cs1 config}} parameters and fill &lt;global_cs1_config_t&gt;
			local k, v = param:match ('([^=]-)%s*=%s*(.+)');					-- &lt;k&gt; is the parameter name; &lt;v&gt; is parameter's assigned value
			if k then
				if k:find ('^display') then										-- if &lt;k&gt; is one of the |display-&lt;namelist&gt;= parameters
					if v:match ('%d+') then										-- the assigned value must be digits; doesn't accept 'etal'
						global_cs1_config_t[meta_param_map_t[k]]=v;				-- add the display param and its value to globals table
					end
				else
					if keywords_t[v] == meta_param_map_t[k] then				-- keywords_t[v] returns nil or the metaparam name; these must be the same
						global_cs1_config_t[meta_param_map_t[k]]=v;				-- add the parameter and its value to globals table
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end
end

get_cs1_config ();																-- fill &lt;global_cs1_config_t&gt;


--[[---------------------&lt; S T R I P M A R K E R S &gt;----------------------------

Common pattern definition location for stripmarkers so that we don't have to go
hunting for them if (when) MediaWiki changes their form.

]]

local stripmarkers = {
	['any'] = '\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-(%a+)%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127',			-- capture returns name of stripmarker
	['math'] = '\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-math%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127'			-- math stripmarkers used in coins_cleanup() and coins_replace_math_stripmarker()
	}


--[[------------&lt; I N V I S I B L E _ C H A R A C T E R S &gt;---------------------

This table holds non-printing or invisible characters indexed either by name or
by Unicode group. Values are decimal representations of UTF-8 codes.  The table
is organized as a table of tables because the Lua pairs keyword returns table
data in an arbitrary order.  Here, we want to process the table from top to bottom
because the entries at the top of the table are also found in the ranges specified
by the entries at the bottom of the table.

Also here is a pattern that recognizes stripmarkers that begin and end with the
delete characters.  The nowiki stripmarker is not an error but some others are
because the parameter values that include them become part of the template's
metadata before stripmarker replacement.

]]

local invisible_defs = {
	del = '\127',																-- used to distinguish between stripmarker and del char
	zwj = '\226\128\141',														-- used with capture because zwj may be allowed
	}

local invisible_chars = {
	{'replacement', '\239\191\189'},											-- U+FFFD, EF BF BD
	{'zero width joiner', '('.. invisible_defs.zwj .. ')'},						-- U+200D, E2 80 8D; capture because zwj may be allowed
	{'zero width space', '\226\128\139'},										-- U+200B, E2 80 8B
	{'hair space', '\226\128\138'},												-- U+200A, E2 80 8A
	{'soft hyphen', '\194\173'},												-- U+00AD, C2 AD
	{'horizontal tab', '\009'},													-- U+0009 (HT), 09
	{'line feed', '\010'},														-- U+000A (LF), 0A
	{'no-break space', '\194\160'},												-- U+00A0 (NBSP), C2 A0
	{'carriage return', '\013'},												-- U+000D (CR), 0D
	{'stripmarker', stripmarkers.any},											-- stripmarker; may or may not be an error; capture returns the stripmaker type
	{'delete', '('.. invisible_defs.del .. ')'},								-- U+007F (DEL), 7F; must be done after stripmarker test; capture to distinguish isolated del chars not part of stripmarker
	{'C0 control', '[\000-\008\011\012\014-\031]'},								-- U+0000–U+001F (NULL–US), 00–1F (except HT, LF, CR (09, 0A, 0D))
	{'C1 control', '[\194\128-\194\159]'},										-- U+0080–U+009F (XXX–APC), C2 80 – C2 9F
	--	{'Specials', '[\239\191\185-\239\191\191]'},								-- U+FFF9-U+FFFF, EF BF B9 – EF BF BF
	--	{'Private use area', '[\238\128\128-\239\163\191]'},						-- U+E000–U+F8FF, EE 80 80 – EF A3 BF
	--	{'Supplementary Private Use Area-A', '[\243\176\128\128-\243\191\191\189]'},	-- U+F0000–U+FFFFD, F3 B0 80 80 – F3 BF BF BD
	--	{'Supplementary Private Use Area-B', '[\244\128\128\128-\244\143\191\189]'},	-- U+100000–U+10FFFD, F4 80 80 80 – F4 8F BF BD
	}

--[[

Indic script makes use of zero width joiner as a character modifier so zwj
characters must be left in.  This pattern covers all of the unicode characters
for these languages:
	Devanagari					0900–097F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0900.pdf
		Devanagari extended		A8E0–A8FF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA8E0.pdf
	Bengali						0980–09FF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0980.pdf
	Gurmukhi					0A00–0A7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A00.pdf
	Gujarati					0A80–0AFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A80.pdf
	Oriya						0B00–0B7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B00.pdf
	Tamil						0B80–0BFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B80.pdf
	Telugu						0C00–0C7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C00.pdf
	Kannada						0C80–0CFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C80.pdf
	Malayalam					0D00–0D7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D00.pdf
plus the not-necessarily Indic scripts for Sinhala and Burmese:
	Sinhala						0D80-0DFF - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D80.pdf
	Myanmar						1000-109F - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1000.pdf
		Myanmar extended A		AA60-AA7F - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UAA60.pdf
		Myanmar extended B		A9E0-A9FF - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA9E0.pdf
the pattern is used by has_invisible_chars() and coins_cleanup()

]]

local indic_script = '[\224\164\128-\224\181\191\224\163\160-\224\183\191\225\128\128-\225\130\159\234\167\160-\234\167\191\234\169\160-\234\169\191]';

-- list of emoji that use a zwj character (U+200D) to combine with another emoji
-- from: https://unicode.org/Public/emoji/17.0/emoji-zwj-sequences.txt; version: 17.0; 2025-01-08
-- table created by: [[:en:Module:Make emoji zwj table]]
local emoji_t = {																-- indexes are decimal forms of the hex values in U+xxxx
	[8596] = true,																-- U+2194 ↔ left right arrow
	[8597] = true,																-- U+2195 ↕ up down arrow
	[9760] = true,																-- U+2620 ☠ skull and crossbones
	[9792] = true,																-- U+2640 ♀ female sign
	[9794] = true,																-- U+2642 ♂ male sign
	[9877] = true,																-- U+2695 ⚕ staff of aesculapius
	[9878] = true,																-- U+2696 ⚖ scales
	[9895] = true,																-- U+26A7 ⚧ male with stroke and male and female sign
	[9992] = true,																-- U+2708 ✈ airplane
	[10052] = true,																-- U+2744 ❄ snowflake
	[10084] = true,																-- U+2764 ❤ heavy black heart
	[10145] = true,																-- U+27A1 ➡ black rightwards arrow
	[11035] = true,																-- U+2B1B ⬛ black large square
	[127752] = true,															-- U+1F308 🌈 rainbow
	[127787] = true,															-- U+1F32B 🌫 fog
	[127806] = true,															-- U+1F33E 🌾 ear of rice
	[127859] = true,															-- U+1F373 🍳 cooking
	[127868] = true,															-- U+1F37C 🍼 baby bottle
	[127876] = true,															-- U+1F384 🎄 christmas tree
	[127891] = true,															-- U+1F393 🎓 graduation cap
	[127908] = true,															-- U+1F3A4 🎤 microphone
	[127912] = true,															-- U+1F3A8 🎨 artist palette
	[127979] = true,															-- U+1F3EB 🏫 school
	[127981] = true,															-- U+1F3ED 🏭 factory
	[128048] = true,															-- U+1F430 🐰 rabbit face
	[128102] = true,															-- U+1F466 👦 boy
	[128103] = true,															-- U+1F467 👧 girl
	[128104] = true,															-- U+1F468 👨 man
	[128105] = true,															-- U+1F469 👩 woman
	[128139] = true,															-- U+1F48B 💋 kiss mark
	[128165] = true,															-- U+1F4A5 💥 collision symbol
	[128168] = true,															-- U+1F4A8 💨 dash symbol
	[128171] = true,															-- U+1F4AB 💫 dizzy symbol
	[128187] = true,															-- U+1F4BB 💻 personal computer
	[128188] = true,															-- U+1F4BC 💼 brief case
	[128293] = true,															-- U+1F525 🔥 fire
	[128295] = true,															-- U+1F527 🔧 wrench
	[128300] = true,															-- U+1F52C 🔬 microscope
	[128488] = true,															-- U+1F5E8 🗨 left speech bubble
	[128640] = true,															-- U+1F680 🚀 rocket
	[128658] = true,															-- U+1F692 🚒 fire engine
	[129001] = true,															-- U+1F7E9 🟩 large green square
	[129003] = true,															-- U+1F7EB 🟫 large brown square
	[129309] = true,															-- U+1F91D 🤝 handshake
	[129455] = true,															-- U+1F9AF 🦯 probing cane
	[129456] = true,															-- U+1F9B0 🦰 emoji component red hair
	[129457] = true,															-- U+1F9B1 🦱 emoji component curly hair
	[129458] = true,															-- U+1F9B2 🦲 emoji component bald
	[129459] = true,															-- U+1F9B3 🦳 emoji component white hair
	[129466] = true,															-- U+1F9BA 🦺 safety vest
	[129468] = true,															-- U+1F9BC 🦼 motorized wheelchair
	[129469] = true,															-- U+1F9BD 🦽 manual wheelchair
	[129489] = true,															-- U+1F9D1 🧑 adult
	[129490] = true,															-- U+1F9D2 🧒 child
	[129648] = true,															-- U+1FA70 🩰 ballet shoes
	[129657] = true,															-- U+1FA79 🩹 adhesive bandage
	[129775] = true,															-- U+1FAEF 🫯 fight cloud
	[129778] = true,															-- U+1FAF2 🫲 leftwards hand
	}


--[[----------------------&lt; L A N G U A G E   S U P P O R T &gt;-------------------

These tables and constants support various language-specific functionality.

]]

--local this_wiki_code = mw.getContentLanguage():getCode();						-- get this wiki's language code
local this_wiki_code = lang_obj:getCode();										-- get this wiki's language code
if string.match (mw.site.server, 'wikidata') then
		this_wiki_code = mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('int', {'lang'}); -- on Wikidata so use interface language setting instead
	end

local mw_languages_by_tag_t = mw.language.fetchLanguageNames (this_wiki_code, 'all');	-- get a table of language tag/name pairs known to Wikimedia; used for interwiki tests
local mw_languages_by_name_t = {};
	for k, v in pairs (mw_languages_by_tag_t) do								-- build a 'reversed' table name/tag language pairs know to MediaWiki; used for |language=
		v = mw.ustring.lower (v);												-- lowercase for tag fetch; get name's proper case from mw_languages_by_tag_t[&lt;tag&gt;]
		if mw_languages_by_name_t[v] then										-- when name already in the table
			if 2 == #k or 3 == #k then											-- if tag does not have subtags
				mw_languages_by_name_t[v] = k;									-- prefer the shortest tag for this name
			end
		else																	-- here when name not in the table
			mw_languages_by_name_t[v] = k;										-- so add name and matching tag
		end
	end

local inter_wiki_map = {};														-- map of interwiki prefixes that are language-code prefixes
	for k, v in pairs (mw.site.interwikiMap ('local')) do						-- spin through the base interwiki map (limited to local)
		if mw_languages_by_tag_t[v[&quot;prefix&quot;]] then								-- if the prefix matches a known language tag
			inter_wiki_map[v[&quot;prefix&quot;]] = true;									-- add it to our local map
		end
	end


--[[--------------------&lt; S C R I P T _ L A N G _ C O D E S &gt;-------------------

This table is used to hold ISO 639-1 two-character and ISO 639-3 three-character
language codes that apply only to |script-title= and |script-chapter=

]]

local script_lang_codes = {
	'ab', 'am', 'ar', 'as', 'az', 'be', 'bg', 'bn', 'bo', 'bs', 'ce', 'chr',
	'cu', 'dv', 'dz', 'el', 'fa', 'grc', 'gu', 'he', 'hi', 'hy', 'ja', 'ka',
	'kaa', 'kk', 'km', 'kn', 'ko', 'ku', 'ky', 'lo', 'mk', 'ml', 'mn', 'mni',
	'mr', 'my', 'ne', 'or', 'ota', 'pa', 'ps', 'ru', 'sd', 'si', 'sr', 'syc',
	'ta', 'te', 'tg', 'th', 'ti', 'tkr', 'tt', 'ug', 'uk', 'ur', 'uz', 'yi',
	'yue', 'zh', 'zgh'
	};


--[[---------------&lt; L A N G U A G E   R E M A P P I N G &gt;----------------------

These tables hold language information that is different (correct) from MediaWiki's definitions

For each ['&lt;tag&gt;'] = 'language name' in lang_code_remap{} there must be a matching ['language name'] = {'language name', '&lt;tag&gt;'} in lang_name_remap{}

lang_tag_remap{}:
	key is always lowercase ISO 639-1, -2, -3 language tag or a valid lowercase IETF language tag
	value is properly spelled and capitalized language name associated with &lt;tag&gt;
	only one language name per &lt;tag&gt;;
	key/value pair must have matching entry in lang_name_remap{}

lang_name_remap{}:
	key is always lowercase language name
	value is a table the holds correctly spelled and capitalized language name [1] and associated tag [2] (tag must match a tag key in lang_tag_remap{})
	may have multiple keys referring to a common preferred name and tag; For example:
		['kolsch'] and ['kölsch'] both refer to 'Kölsch' and 'ksh'

]]

local lang_tag_remap = {														-- used for |language= and |script-title= / |script-chapter=
	['als'] = 'Tosk Albanian',													-- MediaWiki returns Alemannisch 
	['bh'] = 'Bihari',															-- MediaWiki uses 'bh' as a subdomain name for Bhojpuri Wikipedia: bh.wikipedia.org
	['bla'] = 'Blackfoot',														-- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Siksika; use en.wiki preferred name
	['bn'] = 'Bengali',															-- MediaWiki returns Bangla
	['ca-valencia'] = 'Valencian',												-- IETF variant of Catalan
	['fkv'] = 'Kven',															-- MediaWiki returns Kvensk
	['gsw'] = 'Swiss German',
	['ilo'] = 'Ilocano',														-- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Iloko; use en.wiki preferred name
	['ksh'] = 'Kölsch',															-- MediaWiki: Colognian; use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name
	['ksh-x-colog'] = 'Colognian',												-- override MediaWiki ksh; no IANA/ISO 639 code for Colognian; IETF private code created at Module:Lang/data
	['mis-x-ripuar'] = 'Ripuarian',												-- override MediaWiki ksh; no IANA/ISO 639 code for Ripuarian; IETF private code created at Module:Lang/data
	['nan-tw'] = 'Taiwanese Hokkien',											-- make room for MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639 nan: Min Nan Chinese and support en.wiki preferred name
	['sr-ec'] = 'Serbian (Cyrillic script)',									-- MediaWiki returns српски (ћирилица)
	['sr-el'] = 'Serbian (Latin script)',										-- MediaWiki returns srpski (latinica)
	}

local lang_name_remap = {														-- used for |language=; names require proper capitalization; tags must be lowercase
	['alemannic'] = {'Swiss German', 'gsw'},									-- ISO 639-2, -3 alternate for Swiss German; MediaWiki mediawiki returns Alemannic for gsw; en.wiki preferred name
	['alemannisch'] = {'Swiss German', 'gsw'},									-- not an ISO or IANA language name; MediaWiki uses 'als' as a subdomain name for Alemannic Wikipedia: als.wikipedia.org
	['bangla'] = {'Bengali', 'bn'},												-- MediaWiki returns Bangla (the endonym) but we want Bengali (the exonym); here we remap
	['bengali'] = {'Bengali', 'bn'},											-- MediaWiki doesn't use exonym so here we provide correct language name and 639-1 code
	['bhojpuri'] = {'Bhojpuri', 'bho'},											-- MediaWiki uses 'bh' as a subdomain name for Bhojpuri Wikipedia: bh.wikipedia.org
	['bihari'] = {'Bihari', 'bh'},												-- MediaWiki replaces 'Bihari' with 'Bhojpuri' so 'Bihari' cannot be found
	['blackfoot'] = {'Blackfoot', 'bla'},										-- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Siksika; use en.wiki preferred name
	['colognian'] = {'Colognian', 'ksh-x-colog'},								-- MediaWiki preferred name for ksh
	['ilocano'] = {'Ilocano', 'ilo'},											-- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Iloko; use en.wiki preferred name
	['kolsch'] = {'Kölsch', 'ksh'},												-- use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name (use non-diacritical o instead of umlaut ö)
	['kölsch'] = {'Kölsch', 'ksh'},												-- use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name
	['kven'] = {'Kven', 'fkv'},													-- Unicode CLDR have decided not to support English language name for these two...
	['kvensk'] = {'Kven', 'fkv'},												-- ...they say to refer to IANA registry for English names
	['ripuarian'] = {'Ripuarian', 'mis-x-ripuar'},								-- group of dialects; no code in MediaWiki or in IANA/ISO 639
	['serbian (cyrillic script)'] = {'Serbian (Cyrillic script)', 'sr-cyrl'},	-- special case to get correct tag when |language=sr-ec
	['serbian (latin script)'] = {'Serbian (Latin script)', 'sr-latn'},			-- special case to get correct tag when |language=sr-el
	['swiss german'] = {'Swiss German', 'gsw'},
	['taiwanese hokkien'] = {'Taiwanese Hokkien', 'nan-tw'},					-- make room for MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639 nan: Min Nan Chinese 
	['tosk albanian'] = {'Tosk Albanian', 'als'},								-- MediaWiki replaces 'Tosk Albanian' with 'Alemannisch' so 'Tosk Albanian' cannot be found
	['valencian'] = {'Valencian', 'ca-valencia'},								-- variant of Catalan; categorizes as Valencian
	}


--[[---------------&lt; P R O P E R T I E S _ C A T E G O R I E S &gt;----------------

Properties categories. These are used for investigating qualities of citations.

]]

local prop_cats = {
	['foreign-lang-source'] = 'CS1 $1-fonte lian sira ($2)',					-- |language= categories; $1 is foreign-language name, $2 is ISO639-1 code
	['foreign-lang-source-2'] = 'CS1 fonte lian estranjeiru sira (ISO 639-2)|$1',	-- |language= category; a cat for ISO639-2 languages; $1 is the ISO 639-2 code used as a sort key
	['interproj-linked-name'] = 'CS1 naran sira ne\'ebé liga ba interprojetu sira|$1',				-- any author, editor, etc that has an interproject link; $1 is interproject tag used as a sort key
	['interwiki-linked-name'] = 'CS1 naran sira ne\'ebé iha ligasaun entre wiki|$1',				-- any author, editor, etc that has an interwiki link; $1 is interwiki tag used as a sort key; yeilds to interproject
	['local-lang-source'] = 'CS1 $1-fonte lian sira ($2)',						-- |language= categories; $1 is local-language name, $2 is ISO639-1 code; not emitted when local_lang_cat_enable is false
	['location-test'] = 'CS1 teste lokalizasaun',
	['long-vol'] = 'CS1: valór volume naruk',									-- probably temporary cat to identify scope of |volume= values longer than 4 characters
	['script'] = 'CS1 uza letra lian $1 ($2)',							-- |script-title=xx: has matching category; $1 is language name, $2 is language tag
	['tracked-param'] = 'CS1 parametru ne\'ebé akompaña: $1',							-- $1 is base (enumerators removed) parameter name
	['unfit'] = 'CS1: URL ne\'ebé la apropriadu',												-- |url-status=unfit or |url-status=usurped; used to be a maint cat
	['vanc-accept'] = 'CS1:Vancouver nia naran sira ho aseitasaun',					-- for |vauthors=/|veditors= with accept-as-written markup
	['year-range-abbreviated'] = 'CS1: tinan ne\'ebé badak',					-- probably temporary cat to identify scope of |date=, |year= values using YYYY–YY form
	}


--[[-------------------&lt; T I T L E _ T Y P E S &gt;--------------------------------

Here we map a template's CitationClass to TitleType (default values for |type= parameter)

]]

local title_types = {
	['AV-media-notes'] = 'Nota sira hosi mídia',
	['document'] = 'Dokumentu',
	['interview'] = 'Intervista',
	['mailinglist'] = 'Lista mailing',
	['map'] = 'Mapa',
	['podcast'] = 'Podcast',
	['pressrelease'] = 'Komunikadu imprensa',
	['report'] = 'Relatóriu',
	['speech'] = 'Diskursu',
	['techreport'] = 'Relatóriu tékniku',
	['thesis'] = 'Teze',
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; B U I L D _ K N O W N _ F R E E _ D O I _ R E G I S T R A N T S _ T A B L E &gt;--

build a table of doi registrants known to be free-to-read  In a doi, the registrant ID is the series of digits
between the '10.' and the first '/': in doi 10.1100/sommat, 1100 is the registrant ID

see §3.2.2 DOI prefix of the Doi Handbook p. 43
https://www.doi.org/doi-handbook/DOI_Handbook_Final.pdf#page=43

]]

local function build_free_doi_registrants_table()
	local registrants_t = {};
	for _, v in ipairs ({
		'1045', '1074', '1096', '1100', '1155', '1186', '1194', '1371', '1613', '1629', '1989', '1999', '2147', '2196', '3285', '3389', '3390', '3906',
		'3748', '3814', '3847', '3897', '4061', '4089', '4103', '4172', '4175', '4230', '4236', '4239', '4240', '4249', '4251',
		'4252', '4253', '4254', '4291', '4292', '4329', '4330', '4331', '5086', '5194', '5210', '5306', '5312', '5313', '5314',
		'5315', '5316', '5317', '5318', '5319', '5320', '5321', '5334', '5402', '5409', '5410', '5411', '5412',
		'5492', '5493', '5494', '5495', '5496', '5497', '5498', '5499', '5500', '5501', '5527', '5528', '5662',
		'6064', '6219', '7167', '7217', '7287', '7482', '7490', '7554', '7717', '7759', '7766', '9778', '11131', '11569', '11647',
		'11648', '12688', '12703', '12715', '12942', '12998', '13105', '14256', '14293', '14303', '15215', '15347', '15412', '15560', '16995',
		'17645', '18637', '19080', '19173', '20944', '21037', '21105', '21468', '21767', '21425', '22261', '22323', '22459', '24105', '24196', '24966',
		'26775', '30845', '32545', '35711', '35712', '35713', '35995', '36648', '37126', '37532', '37871', '47128',
		'47622', '47959', '52437', '52975', '53288', '53347', '54081', '54947', '55667', '55914', '57009', '58647', '59081',
		}) do
			registrants_t[v] = true;											-- build a k/v table of known free-to-read doi registrants
	end

	return registrants_t;
end
																				-- known free registrants identifiable by the doi suffix incipit
local extended_registrants_t = {												-- doi suffix incipits are evaluated as lua patterns
	['1002'] = {'aelm', 'leap', 'loe2%.', 'lol2%.'},							    	-- Advanced Electronic Materials, Learned Publishing, L&amp;O e-Lectures, L&amp;O Letters
	['1016'] = {'j%.aace', 'j%.aed', 'j%.aiopen', 'j%.animal', 'j%.apsb', 'j%.addicn',	-- AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes, AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes, AI Open, Animal, Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Addiction Neuroscience
				'j%.abrep', 'j%.gpb', 'j%.heliyon', 'j%.nlp', 'j%.patter', 'j%.proche', -- Addictive Behaviors Reports, Genomics, Proteomics &amp; Bioinformatics after 2015, Heliyon, Natural Language Processing, Patterns, Procedia Chemistry
				'j%.vgie', 'S1672-0229'},		                                -- VideoGIE, Genomics, Proteomics &amp; Bioinformatics before 2015
	['1017'] = {'apj%.', 'nlp', 'mdh', 'S15574660'},  							-- Natural Language Processing Journal, Medical History, Asia Pacific Journal
	['1046'] = {'j%.1365-8711', 'j%.1365-246x'},								-- MNRAS, GJI
	['1021'] = {'acscentsci', 'acsomega'},                                      -- ACS Central Science, ACS Omega
	['1093'] = {'mnras', 'mnrasl', 'gji', 'pnasnexus', 'rasti'},				-- MNRAS, MNRAS Letters, GJI, PNAS Nexus, RASTI
	['1098'] = {'rsbm', 'rsob', 'rsos'},                                        -- Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, Open Biology, Royal Society Open Science
	['1099'] = {'acmi', 'mic', '00221287', 'mgen'},                             -- Access Microbiology, Microbiology, Journal of General Microbiology, Microbial Genomics
	['1107'] = {'S20569890', 'S20522525', 'S16005775', 'S24143146'},            -- Acta Crystallographica E, IUCrJ, Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, IUCrData
	['1109'] = {'oa', 'oj'},                                                    -- IEEE Open Access..., IEEE Open Journal...
	['1111'] = {'aogs', 'j%.1365-2966', 'j%.1745-3933', 'j%.1365-246X'},			-- Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, MNRAS, MNRAS Letters, GJI
	['1128'] = {'asmcr', 'jmbe', 'mbio', 'mra', 'spectrum', 'msphere', 'msystems'}, --ASM Case Reports, Journal of Microbiology &amp; Biology Education, mBio, Microbiology Resource Announcements, Microbiology Spectrum, mSphere, mSystems
	['1136'] = {'bmjopen'},                                                     -- BMJ Open
	['1140'] = {'epjc'},														-- European Physical Journal C
	['1192'] = {'bjo'},                                                         -- BJPsych Open
	['1210'] = {'jendso','jcemcr'},												-- Journal of the Endocrine Society, JCEM Case Reports
	['1215'] = {'21573689', '21573698'},                                        -- L&amp;O Fluids 
	['1590'] = {'0102-3306'},                                                   -- Acta Botanica Brasilica
	['4171'] = {'dm','mag'},												    -- Documenta Mathematica, EMS Magazine
	['4319'] = {'lo%.', 'lol%.', 'lom%.'},                                         -- L&amp;O, L&amp;O e-Lectures, L&amp;O Methods
	['5852'] = {'ejt'},                                                         -- European Journal of Taxonomy
	['7155'] = {'jgaa'},                                                        -- Journal of Graph Algorithms and Applications
	['11158'] = {'saasp'},                                                      -- Systematic and Applied Acarology Special Publications
	['11646'] = {'megataxa', 'mesozoic'},                                       -- Megataxa, Mesozoic
	['14231'] = {'ag'},															-- Algebraic Geometry
	['15446'] = {'abc'},                                                        -- Acta Biológica Colombiana
	['17239'] = {'jowr'},                                                       -- Journal of Writing Research
	['22073'] = {'pja'},                                                        -- Persian Journal of Acarology
	['24310'] = {'abm'},                                                        -- Acta Botanica Malacitana
	['24425'] = {'agp'},                                                        -- Acta  Geologica  Polonica
	['35249'] = {'rche'},                                                       -- Revista Chilena de Entomología
	['37520'] = {'fi'},                                                         -- Fossil Imprint
	['53562'] = {'ajcb'}                                                        -- Asian Journal of Conservation Biology
	}


--[[===================&lt;&lt; E R R O R   M E S S A G I N G &gt;&gt;======================
]]

--[[----------&lt; E R R O R   M E S S A G E   S U P P L E M E N T S &gt;-------------

I18N for those messages that are supplemented with additional specific text that
describes the reason for the error

TODO: merge this with special_case_translations{}?
]]

local err_msg_supl = {
	['char'] = 'karakter ne\'ebé la válidu',												-- |isbn=, |sbn=
	['check'] = 'checksum',														-- |isbn=, |sbn=
	empty_str = '(string mamuk)',												-- empty unknown parameter check when cite has |=
	['flag'] = 'bandeira',															-- |archive-url=
	['form'] = 'formuláriu ne\'ebé la válidu',													-- |isbn=, |sbn=
	['group'] = 'id grupu nian ne\'ebé la válidu',												-- |isbn=
	['initials'] = 'inisiál sira',													-- Vancouver
	['invalid language code'] = 'kódigu linguajen ne\'ebé la válidu',						-- |script-&lt;param&gt;=
	['journal'] = 'jornál',													-- |bibcode=
	['length'] = 'naruk',														-- |isbn=, |bibcode=, |sbn=
	['liveweb'] = 'liveweb',													-- |archive-url=
	['missing comma'] = 'vírgula ne\'ebé laiha',										-- Vancouver
	['missing prefix'] = 'prefiksu ne\'ebé laiha',										-- |script-&lt;param&gt;=
	['missing title part'] = 'parte títulu nian ne\'ebé laiha',								-- |script-&lt;param&gt;=
	['name'] = 'naran',															-- Vancouver
	['non-Latin char'] = 'karakter la\'ós-latín',									-- Vancouver
	['path'] = 'dalan',															-- |archive-url=
	['prefix'] = 'prefiksu ne\'ebé la válidu',												-- |isbn=
	['punctuation'] = 'pontuasaun',											-- Vancouver
	['save'] = 'komandu salva',													-- |archive-url=
	['suffix'] = 'sufiksu',														-- Vancouver
	['timestamp'] = 'karimbu tempu',												-- |archive-url=
	['unknown language code'] = 'kódigu lian deskoñesidu',						-- |script-&lt;param&gt;=
	['value'] = 'valór',														-- |bibcode=
	['year'] = 'tinan',															-- |bibcode=
	}


--[[--------------&lt; E R R O R _ C O N D I T I O N S &gt;---------------------------

Error condition table.  This table has two sections: errors at the top, maintenance
at the bottom.  Maint 'messaging' does not have a 'message' (message=nil)

The following contains a list of IDs for various error conditions defined in the
code.  For each ID, we specify a text message to display, an error category to
include, and whether the error message should be wrapped as a hidden comment.

Anchor changes require identical changes to matching anchor in Help:CS1 errors

TODO: rename error_conditions{} to something more generic; create separate error
and maint tables inside that?

]]

local error_conditions = {
	err_accessdate_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;access-date=&lt;/code&gt; presiza &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'accessdate_missing_url',
		category = 'Erru CS1: access-date nian lahó URL',
		hidden = false
 		},
	err_apostrophe_markup = {
		message = 'Markup itáliku ka metan la permite iha: &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'apostrophe_markup',
		category = 'Erru CS1: marka',
		hidden = false
 		},
	err_archive_date_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-date=&lt;/code&gt; presiza &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'archive_date_missing_url',
		category = 'Erru CS1: archive-url',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_archive_date_url_ts_mismatch = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-date=&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt; tempu ne\'ebé la hanesan; $1 sujere',
		anchor = 'archive_date_url_ts_mismatch',
		category = 'Erru CS1: archive-url',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_archive_missing_date = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt; presiza &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-date=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'archive_missing_date',
		category = 'Erru CS1: archive-url',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_archive_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt; presiza &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'archive_missing_url',
		category = 'Erru CS1: archive-url',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_archive_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt; la forma: $1',	-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'archive_url',
		category = 'Erru CS1: archive-url',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_arxiv_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;arxiv=&lt;/code&gt; presiza',
		anchor = 'arxiv_missing',
		category = 'Erru CS1: arXiv',											-- same as bad arxiv
		hidden = false
		},
	err_asintld_missing_asin = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; presiza &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;asin=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'asintld_missing_asin',
		category = 'Erru CS1: ASIN TLD',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_arxiv = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;arxiv=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_arxiv',
		category = 'Erru CS1: arXiv',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_asin = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;asin=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_asin',
		category ='Erru CS1: ASIN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_asin_tld = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;asin-tld=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_asin_tld',
		category = 'Erru CS1: ASIN TLD',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_bibcode = {
		message = 'Verifika &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;bibcode=&lt;/code&gt; $1',		-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'bad_bibcode',
		category = 'Erru CS1: bibcode',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_biorxiv = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;biorxiv=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_biorxiv',
		category = 'Erru CS1: bioRxiv',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_citeseerx = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;citeseerx=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_citeseerx',
		category = 'Erru CS1: citeseerx',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_date = {
		message = 'Verifika valór data nian iha: $1',									-- $1 is a parameter name list
		anchor = 'bad_date',
		category = 'Erru CS1: data sira',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_doi = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;doi=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_doi',
		category = 'Erru CS1: DOI',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_hdl = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;hdl=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_hdl',
		category = 'Erru CS1: HDL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_isbn = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;isbn=&lt;/code&gt;: $1',	-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'bad_isbn',
		category = 'Erru CS1: ISBN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_ismn = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ismn=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_ismn',
		category = 'Erru CS1: ISMN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_issn = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1issn=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is 'e' or '' for eissn or issn
		anchor = 'bad_issn',
		category = 'Erru CS1: ISSN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_jfm = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;jfm=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_jfm',
		category = 'Erru CS1: JFM',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_jstor = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;jstor=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_jstor',
		category = 'Erru CS1: JSTOR',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_lccn = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;lccn=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_lccn',
		category = 'Erru CS1: LCCN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_medrxiv = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;medrxiv=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_medrxiv',
		category = 'Erru CS1: medRxiv',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_mr = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;mr=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_mr',
		category = 'Erru CS1: MR',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_oclc = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;oclc=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_oclc',
		category = 'Erru CS1: OCLC',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_ol = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ol=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_ol',
		category = 'Erru CS1: OL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_osti = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;osti=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_osti',
		category = 'Erru CS1: OSTI',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_paramlink = {														-- for |title-link=, |author/editor/translator-link=, |series-link=, |episode-link=
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',		-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'bad_paramlink',
		category = 'Erru CS1: parameter link',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_pmc = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;pmc=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_pmc',
		category = 'Erru CS1: PMC',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_pmid = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;pmid=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_pmid',
		category = 'Erru CS1: PMID',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_rfc = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;rfc=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_rfc',
		category = 'Erru CS1: RFC',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_s2cid = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;s2cid=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_s2cid',
		category = 'Erru CS1: S2CID',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_sbn = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;sbn=&lt;/code&gt;: $1',	-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'bad_sbn',
		category = 'Erru CS1: SBN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_ssrn = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ssrn=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_ssrn',
		category = 'Erru CS1: SSRN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_url = {
		message = 'Verifika valór $1',												-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'bad_url',
		category = 'Erru CS1: URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_usenet_id = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;message-id=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_message_id',
		category = 'Erru CS1: message-id',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_zbl = {
		message = 'Verifika valór &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;zbl=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'bad_zbl',
		category = 'Erru CS1: Zbl',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bare_url_missing_title = {
		message = '$1 laiha títulu',											-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'bare_url_missing_title',
		category = 'Erru CS1: URL mamuk',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_biorxiv_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;biorxiv=&lt;/code&gt; presiza',
		anchor = 'biorxiv_missing',
		category = 'Erru CS1: bioRxiv',										-- same as bad bioRxiv
		hidden = false
		},
	err_chapter_ignored = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignora',			-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'chapter_ignored',
		category = 'Erru CS1: kapítulu ne\'ebé ignora',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_citation_missing_title = {
		message = 'Laiha ka mamuk &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'citation_missing_title',
		category = 'Erru CS1: títulu falta',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_citeseerx_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;citeseerx=&lt;/code&gt; presiza',
		anchor = 'citeseerx_missing',
		category = 'Erru CS1: citeseerx',										-- same as bad citeseerx
		hidden = false
		},
	err_cite_web_url = {														-- this error applies to cite web and to cite podcast
		message = 'La iha ka mamuk &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'cite_web_url',
		category = 'Erru CS1: presiza URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_class_ignored = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;class=&lt;/code&gt; ignora',
		anchor = 'class_ignored',
		category = 'Erru CS1: class',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_contributor_ignored = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;contributor=&lt;/code&gt; ignora',
		anchor = 'contributor_ignored',
		category = 'Erru CS1: contributor',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_contributor_missing_required_param = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;contributor=&lt;/code&gt; presiza &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'contributor_missing_required_param',
		category = 'Erru CS1: contributor',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_deprecated_params = {
		message = 'Cite uza parametru ne\'ebé la uza ona &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'deprecated_params',
		category = 'Erru CS1: parámetru sira ne\'ebé la uza ona',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_disp_name = {
		message = 'La válidu &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=$2&lt;/code&gt;',			-- $1 is parameter name; $2 is the assigned value
		anchor = 'disp_name',
		category = 'Erru CS1: display-names',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_doibroken_missing_doi = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; presiza &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;doi=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'doibroken_missing_doi',
		category = 'Erru CS1: DOI',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_embargo_missing_pmc = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; presiza &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;pmc=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'embargo_missing_pmc',
		category = 'Erru CS1: PMC embargo',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_empty_citation = {
		message = 'Sitasaun mamuk',
		anchor = 'empty_citation',
		category = 'Erru CS1: sitasaun mamuk',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_etal = {
		message = 'Uzu esplísitu husi et al. iha: &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'explicit_et_al',
		category = 'Erru CS1: uza esplísitu husi et al.',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_extra_text_edition = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;edition=&lt;/code&gt; iha testu estra',
		anchor = 'extra_text_edition',
		category = 'Erru CS1: testu estra: edition',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_extra_text_issue = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; iha testu estra',		-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'extra_text_issue',
		category = 'Erru CS1: testu estra: issue',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_extra_text_pages = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; iha testu estra',		-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'extra_text_pages',
		category = 'Erru CS1: testu estra: pages',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_extra_text_volume = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; iha testu estra',		-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'extra_text_volume',
		category = 'Erru CS1: testu estra: volume',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_first_missing_last = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; laiha &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is first alias, $2 is matching last alias
		anchor = 'first_missing_last',
		category = 'Erru CS1: naran ne\'ebé lakon',									-- author, contributor, editor, interviewer, translator
		hidden = false
		},
	err_format_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; presiza &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is format parameter $2 is url parameter
		anchor = 'format_missing_url',
		category = 'Erru CS1: formatu lahó URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_generic_name = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; iha naran jenériku',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'generic_name',
		category = 'Erru CS1: naran jenériku',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_generic_title = {
		message = 'Cite uza títulu jenériku',
		anchor = 'generic_title',
		category = 'Erru CS1: títulu jenériku',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_invalid_isbn_date = {
		message = 'ISBN / Data inkompatibilidade',
		anchor = 'invalid_isbn_date',
		category = 'Erru CS1: ISBN data',
		hidden = true
		},
	err_invalid_param_val = {
		message = 'La válidu &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=$2&lt;/code&gt;',			-- $1 is parameter name $2 is parameter value
		anchor = 'invalid_param_val',
		category = 'Erru CS1: valór parámetru ne\'ebé la válidu',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_invisible_char = {
		message = '$1 iha $2 iha pozisaun $3',									-- $1 is invisible char $2 is parameter name $3 is position number
		anchor = 'invisible_char',
		category = 'Erru CS1: karakter invizível sira',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_medrxiv_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;medrxiv=&lt;/code&gt; presiza',
		anchor = 'medrxiv_missing',
		category = 'Erru CS1: medRxiv',										-- same as bad medRxiv
		hidden = false
		},
	err_missing_name = {
		message = 'La iha &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1$2=&lt;/code&gt;',			-- $1 is modified NameList; $2 is enumerator
		anchor = 'missing_name',
		category = 'Erru CS1: naran ne\'ebé lakon',									-- author, contributor, editor, interviewer, translator
		hidden = false
		},
	err_missing_periodical = {
		message = 'Cite $1 presiza &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is cs1 template name; $2 is canonical periodical parameter name for cite $1
		anchor = 'missing_periodical',
		category = 'Erru CS1: periódiku ne\'ebé laiha',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_missing_pipe = {
		message = 'Lakon kanu iha laran: &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'missing_pipe',
		category = 'Erru CS1: lakon kanu',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_missing_publisher = {
		message = 'Cite $1 presiza &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is cs1 template name; $2 is canonical publisher parameter name for cite $1
		anchor = 'missing_publisher',
		category = 'Erru CS1: publisher ne\'ebé lakon',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_numeric_names = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; iha naran numériku',	-- $1 is parameter name',
		anchor = 'numeric_names',
		category = 'Erru CS1: naran numériku',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_param_access_requires_param = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1-access=&lt;/code&gt; presiza &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'param_access_requires_param',
		category = 'Erru CS1: param-access',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_param_has_ext_link = {
		message = 'Ligasaun esternu iha &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/code&gt;',			-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'param_has_ext_link',
		category = 'Erru CS1: ligasaun esternu sira',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_param_has_twl_url = {
		message = 'Ligasaun Biblioteka Wikipedia iha &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'param_has_twl_url',
		category = 'Erru CS1: URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_parameter_ignored = {
		message = 'Parametru deskoñesidu &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignora',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'parameter_ignored',
		category = 'Erru CS1: parametru ne\'ebé la suporta',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_parameter_ignored_suggest = {
		message = 'Parametru deskoñesidu &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignora (&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt; sujere)',	-- $1 is unknown parameter $2 is suggested parameter name
		anchor = 'parameter_ignored_suggest',
		category = 'Erru CS1: parametru ne\'ebé la suporta',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_periodical_ignored = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignora',			-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'periodical_ignored',
		category = 'Erru CS1: periódiku ignoradu',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_redundant_parameters = {
		message = 'Liu ida hosi $1 ne\'ebé espesifika ona',								-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'redundant_parameters',
		category = 'Erru CS1: parámetru redundante',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_script_parameter = {
		message = 'La válidu &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;: $2',		-- $1 is parameter name $2 is script language code or error detail
		anchor = 'script_parameter',
		category = 'Erru CS1: parametru sira skript nian',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_ssrn_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ssrn=&lt;/code&gt; presiza',
		anchor = 'ssrn_missing',
		category = 'Erru CS1: SSRN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_text_ignored = {
		message = 'Testu &quot;$1&quot; ignora',											-- $1 is ignored text
		anchor = 'text_ignored',
		category = 'Erru CS1: parametru ne\'ebé la rekoñese',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_trans_missing_title = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;trans-$1=&lt;/code&gt; presiza &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ka &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;script-$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is base parameter name
		anchor = 'trans_missing_title',
		category = 'Erru CS1: títulu ne\'ebé tradús',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_param_unknown_empty = {
		message = 'Cite iha parametru deskoñesidu mamuk$1: $2',						-- $1 is 's' or empty space; $2 is emty unknown param list
		anchor = 'param_unknown_empty',
		category = 'Erru CS1: mamuk parametru deskoñesidu sira',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_vancouver = {
		message = 'Erru estilu Vancouver: $1 iha naran $2',						-- $1 is error detail, $2 is the nth name
		anchor = 'vancouver',
		category = 'Erru CS1: Estilu Vancouver',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_wikilink_in_url = {
		message = 'Konflitu URL–wikilink',										-- uses ndash
		anchor = 'wikilink_in_url',
		category = 'Erru CS1: konflitu URL–wikilink',							-- uses ndash
		hidden = false
		},


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A I N T &gt;-------------------------------------

maint messages do not have a message (message = nil); otherwise the structure
is the same as error messages

]]

	maint_archive_origin = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'archive_origin',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: orijen arkivu nian',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_archived_copy = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'archived_copy',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: archived copy as title',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_bibcode = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'bibcode',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: bibcode',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_location_no_publisher = {												-- cite book, conference, encyclopedia; citation as book cite or encyclopedia cite
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'location_no_publisher',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: location missing publisher',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_bot_unknown = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'bot:_unknown',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: bot: original URL status unknown',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_date_auto_xlated = {													-- date auto-translation not supported by en.wiki
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'date_auto_xlated',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: date auto-translated',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_date_format = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'date_format',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: date format',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_date_year = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'date_year',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: date and year',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_deprecated_archive = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'deprecated_archive',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: deprecated archival service',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_doi_ignore = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'doi_ignore',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: ignored DOI errors',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_doi_inactive = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'doi_inactive',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: DOI inactive',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_doi_inactive_dated = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'doi_inactive_dated',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: DOI inactive as of $2$3$1',						-- $1 is year, $2 is month-name or empty string, $3 is space or empty string
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_doi_unflagged_free = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'doi_unflagged_free',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: unflagged free DOI',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_extra_punct = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'extra_punct',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: extra punctuation',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_id_limit_load_fail = {												-- applies to all cs1|2 templates on a page; 
		message = nil,															-- maint message (category link) never emitted
		anchor = 'id_limit_load_fail',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: ID limit load fail',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_isbn_ignore = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'ignore_isbn_err',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: ignored ISBN errors',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_issn_ignore = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'ignore_issn',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: ignored ISSN errors',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_jfm_format = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'jfm_format',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: JFM format',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_location = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'location',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: location',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_missing_class = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'missing_class',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: missing class',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_mr_format = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'mr_format',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: MR format',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_mult_names = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'mult_names',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: multiple names: $1',								-- $1 is '&lt;name&gt;s list'; gets value from special_case_translation table
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_numeric_names = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'numeric_names',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: numeric names: $1',								-- $1 is '&lt;name&gt;s list'; gets value from special_case_translation table
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_others = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'others',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: others',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_others_avm = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'others_avm',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: others in cite AV media (notes)',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_overridden_setting = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'overridden',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: overridden setting',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_page_art_num = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'page_art_num',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: article number as page number',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_pmc_embargo = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'embargo',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: PMC embargo expired',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_pmc_format = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'pmc_format',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: PMC format',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_postscript = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'postscript',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: postscript',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_publisher_location = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'publisher_location',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: publisher location',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_ref_duplicates_default = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'ref_default',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: ref duplicates default',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_shortened_archive_url = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'shortened_archive_url',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: shortened archive url',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_unknown_lang = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'unknown_lang',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: unrecognized language',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_untitled = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'untitled',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: untitled periodical',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_url_status = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'url_status',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: url-status',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_work_isbn = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'work_isbn',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: work parameter with ISBN',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_year= {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'year',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: year',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_zbl = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'zbl',
		category = 'Manutensaun CS1: Zbl',
		hidden = true,
		},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; I D _ L I M I T S _ D A T A _ T &gt;----------------------------------------------

fetch id limits for certain identifiers from c:Data:CS1/Identifier limits.tab.  This source is a json tabular 
data file maintained at wikipedia commons.  Convert the json format to a table of k/v pairs.

The values from &lt;id_limits_data_t&gt; are used to set handle.id_limit.

From 2025-02-21, MediaWiki is broken.  Use this link to edit the tablular data file:
	https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Data:CS1/Identifier_limits.tab&amp;action=edit
See Phab:T389105

]]

local id_limits_data_t = {};

local use_commons_data = true;													-- set to false if your wiki does not have access to mediawiki commons; then,
if false == use_commons_data then												-- update this table from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:CS1/Identifier_limits.tab; last update: 2025-02-21
	id_limits_data_t = {['OCLC'] = 10450000000, ['OSTI'] = 23010000, ['PMC'] = 11900000, ['PMID'] = 40400000, ['RFC'] = 9300, ['SSRN'] = 5200000, ['S2CID'] = 276000000};	-- this table must be maintained locally

else																			-- here for wikis that do have access to mediawiki commons
	local load_fail_limit = 99999999999;										-- very high number to avoid error messages on load failure
	id_limits_data_t = {['OCLC'] = load_fail_limit, ['OSTI'] = load_fail_limit, ['PMC'] = load_fail_limit, ['PMID'] = load_fail_limit, ['RFC'] = load_fail_limit, ['SSRN'] = load_fail_limit, ['S2CID'] = load_fail_limit};

	local id_limits_data_load_fail = false;										-- flag; assume that we will be successful when loading json id limit tabular data

	if mw.ext.data == nil then
		id_limits_data_load_fail = true;										-- safeguard against Lua errors if mw.ext.data is not available for some reason
	else
		local tab_data_t = mw.ext.data.get ('CS1/Identifier limits.tab');		-- attempt to load the tabular data from commons into &lt;tab_data_t&gt;
		if false == tab_data_t then												-- undocumented 'feature': mw.ext.data.get() sometimes returns false
			id_limits_data_load_fail = true;									-- set the flag so that Module:Citation/CS1 can create an unannotated maint category
		else
			for _, limit_t in ipairs (tab_data_t.data) do						-- overwrite default &lt;load_fail_limit&gt; values from the data table in the tabular data
				id_limits_data_t[limit_t[1]] = limit_t[2];						-- &lt;limit[1]&gt; is identifier; &lt;limit[2]&gt; is upper limit for that identifier
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I D _ H A N D L E R S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

The following contains a list of values for various defined identifiers.  For each
identifier we specify a variety of information necessary to properly render the
identifier in the citation.

	parameters: a list of parameter aliases for this identifier; first in the list is the canonical form
	link: Wikipedia article name
	redirect: a local redirect to a local Wikipedia article name;  at en.wiki, 'ISBN (identifier)' is a redirect to 'International Standard Book Number'
	q: Wikidata q number for the identifier
	label: the label preceding the identifier; label is linked to a Wikipedia article (in this order):
		redirect from id_handlers['&lt;id&gt;'].redirect when use_identifier_redirects is true
		Wikidata-supplied article name for the local wiki from id_handlers['&lt;id&gt;'].q
		local article name from id_handlers['&lt;id&gt;'].link
	prefix: the first part of a URL that will be concatenated with a second part which usually contains the identifier
	suffix: optional third part to be added after the identifier
	encode: true if URI should be percent-encoded; otherwise false
	COinS: identifier link or keyword for use in COinS:
		for identifiers registered at info-uri.info use: info:.... where '...' is the appropriate identifier label 
		for identifiers that have COinS keywords, use the keyword: rft.isbn, rft.issn, rft.eissn
		for |asin= and |ol=, which require assembly, use the keyword: url
		for others make a URL using the value in prefix/suffix and #label, use the keyword: pre (not checked; any text other than 'info', 'rft', or 'url' works here)
		set to nil to leave the identifier out of the COinS
	separator: character or text between label and the identifier in the rendered citation
	id_limit: for those identifiers with established limits, this property holds the upper limit
	access: use this parameter to set the access level for all instances of this identifier.
		the value must be a valid access level for an identifier (see ['id-access'] in this file).
	custom_access: to enable custom access level for an identifier, set this parameter
		to the parameter that should control it (normally 'id-access')
		
]]

local id_handlers = {
	['ARXIV'] = {
		parameters = {'arxiv', 'eprint'},
		link = 'arXiv',
		redirect = 'arXiv (identifier)',
		q = 'Q118398',
		label = 'arXiv',
		prefix = 'https://arxiv.org/abs/',
		encode = false,
		COinS = 'info:arxiv',
		separator = ':',
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		},
	['ASIN'] = {
		parameters = { 'asin', 'ASIN' },
		link = 'Amazon Standard Identification Number',
		redirect = 'ASIN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q1753278',
		label = 'ASIN',
		prefix = 'https://www.amazon.',
		COinS = 'url',
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		encode = false;
		},
	['BIBCODE'] = {
		parameters = {'bibcode'},
		link = 'Bibcode',
		redirect = 'Bibcode (identifier)',
		q = 'Q25754',
		label = 'Bibcode',
		prefix = 'https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/',
		encode = false,
		COinS = 'info:bibcode',
		separator = ':',
		custom_access = 'bibcode-access',
		},
	['BIORXIV'] = {
		parameters = {'biorxiv'},
		link = 'bioRxiv',
		redirect = 'bioRxiv (identifier)',
		q = 'Q19835482',
		label = 'bioRxiv',
		prefix = 'https://doi.org/',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['CITESEERX'] = {
		parameters = {'citeseerx'},
		link = 'CiteSeerX',
		redirect = 'CiteSeerX (identifier)',
		q = 'Q2715061',
		label = 'CiteSeerX',
		prefix = 'https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=',
		COinS =  'pre',															-- use prefix value
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['DOI'] = {																	-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
		parameters = { 'doi', 'DOI'},
		link = 'Digital object identifier',
		redirect = 'doi (identifier)',
		q = 'Q25670',
		label = 'doi',
		prefix = 'https://doi.org/',
		COinS = 'info:doi',
		separator = ':',
		encode = true,
		custom_access = 'doi-access',
		},
	['EISSN'] = {
		parameters = {'eissn', 'EISSN'},
		link = 'International Standard Serial Number#Electronic ISSN',
		redirect = 'eISSN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q46339674',
		label = 'eISSN',
		prefix = 'https://search.worldcat.org/issn/',
		COinS = 'rft.eissn',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['HDL'] = {
		parameters = { 'hdl', 'HDL' },
		link = 'Handle System',
		redirect = 'hdl (identifier)',
		q = 'Q3126718',
		label = 'hdl',
		prefix = 'https://hdl.handle.net/',
		COinS = 'info:hdl',
		separator = ':',
		encode = true,
		custom_access = 'hdl-access',
		},
	['ISBN'] = {																-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
		parameters = {'isbn', 'ISBN'},
		link = 'International Standard Book Number',
		redirect = 'ISBN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q33057',
		label = 'ISBN',
		prefix = 'Special:BookSources/',
		COinS = 'rft.isbn',
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['ISMN'] = {
		parameters = {'ismn', 'ISMN'},
		link = 'International Standard Music Number',
		redirect = 'ISMN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q1666938',
		label = 'ISMN',
		prefix = '',															-- not currently used;
		COinS = nil,															-- nil because we can't use pre or rft or info:
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['ISSN'] = {
		parameters = {'issn', 'ISSN'},
		link = 'International Standard Serial Number',
		redirect = 'ISSN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q131276',
		label = 'ISSN',
		prefix = 'https://search.worldcat.org/issn/',
		COinS = 'rft.issn',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['JFM'] = {
		parameters = {'jfm', 'JFM'},
		link = 'Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik',
		redirect = 'JFM (identifier)',
		q = '',
		label = 'JFM',
		prefix = 'https://zbmath.org/?format=complete&amp;q=an:',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['JSTOR'] = {
		parameters = {'jstor', 'JSTOR'},
		link = 'JSTOR',
		redirect = 'JSTOR (identifier)',
		q = 'Q1420342',
		label = 'JSTOR',
		prefix = 'https://www.jstor.org/stable/',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		custom_access = 'jstor-access',
		},
	['LCCN'] = {
		parameters = {'lccn', 'LCCN'},
		link = 'Library of Congress Control Number',
		redirect = 'LCCN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q620946',
		label = 'LCCN',
		prefix = 'https://lccn.loc.gov/',
		COinS = 'info:lccn',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['MEDRXIV'] = {
		parameters = {'medrxiv'},
		link = 'medRxiv',
		redirect = 'medRxiv (identifier)',
		q = 'Q58465838',
		label = 'medRxiv',
		prefix = 'https://www.medrxiv.org/content/',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['MR'] = {
		parameters = {'mr', 'MR'},
		link = 'Mathematical Reviews',
		redirect = 'MR (identifier)',
		q = 'Q211172',
		label = 'MR',
		prefix = 'https://mathscinet.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['OCLC'] = {
		parameters = {'oclc', 'OCLC'},
		link = 'OCLC',
		redirect = 'OCLC (identifier)',
		q = 'Q190593',
		label = 'OCLC',
		prefix = 'https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/',
		COinS = 'info:oclcnum',
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = id_limits_data_t.OCLC or 0,
		},
	['OL'] = {
		parameters = { 'ol', 'OL' },
		link = 'Open Library',
		redirect = 'OL (identifier)',
		q = 'Q1201876',
		label = 'OL',
		prefix = 'https://openlibrary.org/',
		COinS = 'url',
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		encode = true,
		custom_access = 'ol-access',
		},
	['OSTI'] = {
		parameters = {'osti', 'OSTI'},
		link = 'Office of Scientific and Technical Information',
		redirect = 'OSTI (identifier)',
		q = 'Q2015776',
		label = 'OSTI',
		prefix = 'https://www.osti.gov/biblio/',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = id_limits_data_t.OSTI or 0,
		custom_access = 'osti-access',
		},
	['PMC'] = {
		parameters = {'pmc', 'PMC'},
		link = 'PubMed Central',
		redirect = 'PMC (identifier)',
		q = 'Q229883',
		label = 'PMC',
		prefix = 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC',
		suffix = '',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = id_limits_data_t.PMC or 0,
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		},
	['PMID'] = {
		parameters = {'pmid', 'PMID'},
		link = 'PubMed Identifier',
		redirect = 'PMID (identifier)',
		q = 'Q2082879',
		label = 'PMID',
		prefix = 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/',
		COinS = 'info:pmid',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = id_limits_data_t.PMID or 0,
		},
	['RFC'] = {
		parameters = {'rfc', 'RFC'},
		link = 'Request for Comments',
		redirect = 'RFC (identifier)',
		q = 'Q212971',
		label = 'RFC',
		prefix = 'https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = id_limits_data_t.RFC or 0,
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		},
	['SBN'] = {
		parameters = {'sbn', 'SBN'},
		link = 'Standard Book Number',											-- redirect to International_Standard_Book_Number#History
		redirect = 'SBN (identifier)',
		label = 'SBN',
		prefix = 'Special:BookSources/0-',										-- prefix has leading zero necessary to make 9-digit sbn a 10-digit isbn
		COinS = nil,															-- nil because we can't use pre or rft or info:
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['SSRN'] = {
		parameters = {'ssrn', 'SSRN'},
		link = 'Social Science Research Network',
		redirect = 'SSRN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q7550801',
		label = 'SSRN',
		prefix = 'https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = id_limits_data_t.SSRN or 0,
		custom_access = 'ssrn-access',
		},
	['S2CID'] = {
		parameters = {'s2cid', 'S2CID'},
		link = 'Semantic Scholar',
		redirect = 'S2CID (identifier)',
		q = 'Q22908627',
		label = 'S2CID',
		prefix = 'https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = id_limits_data_t.S2CID or 0,
		custom_access = 's2cid-access',
		},
	['USENETID'] = {
		parameters = {'message-id'},
		link = 'Usenet',
		redirect = 'Usenet (identifier)',
		q = 'Q193162',
		label = 'Usenet:',
		prefix = 'news:',
		encode = false,
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['ZBL'] = {
		parameters = {'zbl', 'ZBL' },
		link = 'Zentralblatt MATH',
		redirect = 'Zbl (identifier)',
		q = 'Q190269',
		label = 'Zbl',
		prefix = 'https://zbmath.org/?format=complete&amp;q=an:',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T S &gt;---------------------------------
]]

return 	{
	use_identifier_redirects = use_identifier_redirects,						-- booleans defined in the settings at the top of this module
	local_lang_cat_enable = local_lang_cat_enable,
	date_name_auto_xlate_enable = date_name_auto_xlate_enable,
	date_digit_auto_xlate_enable = date_digit_auto_xlate_enable,
	enable_sort_keys = enable_sort_keys,
	suppress_archive_today_urls = suppress_archive_today_urls,
	
																				-- tables and variables created when this module is loaded
	dependencies_t = dependencies_t,											-- used to suppress parameters dependent on url-holding parameters holding archive.today urls
	enum_needs_xlation = '1' ~= date_names.xlate_digits['1'],					-- to avoid unnecessary enumerator translation
	global_df = 'dmy-all',												-- this line can be replaced with &quot;global_df = 'get_date_format ()',&quot; for dynamic date formatting.
	global_cs1_config_t = global_cs1_config_t,									-- global settings from {{cs1 config}}
	id_limits_data_load_fail = id_limits_data_load_fail,						-- true when commons tabular identifier-limit data fails to load
	known_free_doi_registrants_t = build_free_doi_registrants_table(),
	punct_skip = build_skip_table (punct_skip, punct_meta_params),
	url_skip = build_skip_table (url_skip, url_meta_params),

	archive_today_tlds_t = {['today'] = true, ['ph'] = true, ['is'] = true, ['md'] = true, ['li'] = true, ['fo'] = true, ['vn'] = true};	-- used by is_archive_today_url()
	name_space_sort_keys = name_space_sort_keys,
	aliases = aliases,
	special_case_translation = special_case_translation,
	date_names = date_names,
	err_msg_supl = err_msg_supl,
	error_conditions = error_conditions,
	editor_markup_patterns = editor_markup_patterns,
	et_al_patterns = et_al_patterns,
	extended_registrants_t = extended_registrants_t,
	id_handlers = id_handlers,
	keywords_lists = keywords_lists,
	keywords_xlate = keywords_xlate,
	stripmarkers = stripmarkers,
	invisible_chars = invisible_chars,
	invisible_defs = invisible_defs,
	indic_script = indic_script,
	emoji_t = emoji_t,
	maint_cats = maint_cats,
	messages = messages,
	presentation = presentation,
	prop_cats = prop_cats,
	script_lang_codes = script_lang_codes,
	lang_tag_remap = lang_tag_remap,
	lang_name_remap = lang_name_remap,
	this_wiki_code = this_wiki_code,
	title_types = title_types,
	uncategorized_namespaces = uncategorized_namespaces_t,
	uncategorized_subpages = uncategorized_subpages,
	templates_using_volume = templates_using_volume,
	templates_using_issue = templates_using_issue,
	templates_not_using_page = templates_not_using_page,
	vol_iss_pg_patterns = vol_iss_pg_patterns,
	single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t = single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t,
	url_access_map_t = url_access_map_t,
	
	inter_wiki_map = inter_wiki_map,
	mw_languages_by_tag_t = mw_languages_by_tag_t,
	mw_languages_by_name_t = mw_languages_by_name_t,
	citation_class_map_t = citation_class_map_t,

	citation_issue_t = citation_issue_t,
	citation_no_volume_t = citation_no_volume_t,
	}</text>
      <sha1>qs73gg1cvbq93l732xyu3hnn74v1slz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Universidade Marburg</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>8607</id>
    <revision>
      <id>74399</id>
      <parentid>74329</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-01T01:52:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Robertsky</username>
        <id>10424</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>no need bold</comment>
      <origin>74399</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="28237" sha1="iosomqrbdqwnxxjtwmiovc0ylogp2gq" xml:space="preserve">[[Imajen:Marburg asv2022-02 img02 Old University.jpg|miniaturadaimagem]]

'''Universidade Marburg''' mak universidade peskiza públika ida ne'ebé lokaliza iha [[:de:Marburg|Marburg]], [[Alemaña]]. Universidade ne'e harii iha tinan 1527 husi [[:de:Philipp_I._(Hessen)|Filipe I]], Landgrave husi [[:de:Hessen|Hesse]], no konsidera hanesan universidade ida ne'ebé tuan liu iha [[Alemaña]] no universidade [[:de:Protestantismus|protestante]] tuan liu ne'ebé sei kontinua funsiona to'o ohin loron iha mundu.

== Introdusaun ==
Ohin loron, Universidade Marburg mak universidade públika ida ne'ebé pertense ba Estadu Hesse, no la iha afiliasaun relijioza.

Universidade Marburg iha estudante hamutuk 21.162 iha tinan akademiku 2024/2025. Universidade ne'e lokaliza iha Marburg, Alemaña, no oferese programa estudu internasionál oioin. Aleinde ne'e, universidade ne'e mós partisipa iha [[:de:Erasmus-Programm|programa Erasmus]], ne'ebé fó oportunidade ba estudante sira atu tuir programa troka ''estudante ho universidade sira seluk iha Europa''.

== Istória ==
=== Tinan sira iha Fundasaun nian ===
Iha loron 1 fulan-Jullu 1527, xefe rai-na'in nian Johann Feige inaugura oficialmente Universidade Marburg, ne'ebé harii husi Landgrave Philip I liuhusi dekretu ida iha loron 30 fulan Maiu tinan ne'ebá. Iha tempu inaugurasaun, universidade ne'e iha profesór 11 no estudante 88.

Reitór dahuluk Universidade Marburg mak Johannes Eisermann, ne'ebé koñesidu mós ho naran latín ''Ferrarius Montanus''. Nia hanorin direitu no servisu hanesan asesór ba tribunál landgravial iha Amöneburg. Iha tinan ne'ebá duni, Philip I fó ba universidade ne'e liberdade akadémika ne'ebé presiza atu hala'o nia atividade sira.

Iha loron 4 fulan Outubru 1541, Universidade Marburg hetan independénsia finanseira liuhosi eskritura dotasaun. Tinan tuirmai, Landgrave Philip I simu priviléjiu universitáriu hosi Imperadór Carlos V durante Dieta Imperiál iha Regensburg.

Iha tempu dahuluk, Universidade Marburg uza edifísiu monástiku antigu sira ne'ebé uluk pertense ba Dominikanu sira, Fransiskanu sira, no Irmaun sira husi Vida Komún.

Landgrave Philip I mós fó ba universidade priviléjiu oioin, inklui direitu atu haruka reprezentante ida ba asembleia rejionál, no izensaun hosi taxa no impostu ba membru universitáriu sira.

Iha tinan 1529, Landgrave Philip I sai uma-na'in ba Marburg Colloquy, debate relijiozu ida entre Martin Luther, Ulrich Zwingli, no Philip Melanchthon.

Reputasaun husi fakuldade teolójia Universidade Marburg atrai estudante internasionál sira, liuliu husi Suisa, Dinamarka, Suésia, Olanda, no Eskósia. Entre estudante sira ne'e iha Patrick Hamilton, ne'ebé estuda iha Marburg ba tempu badak.

Durante sékulu dahuluk universidade nian, surtu moras oioin, hanesan moras suar Inglés no peste, obriga universidade atu muda temporariamente ba sidade sira ne'ebé besik.

=== sékulu XVI no XVII ===
To'o nia mate iha tinan 1560, Johann Friedrich Dryander kaer kadeira medisina iha Universidade Marburg. Iha loron 15 fulan-Novembru 1565, Landgrave William IV hosi Hesse-Kassel nomeia Georg Marius nu'udar profesór, lahó hetan uluk konsentimentu formál husi universidade.

Iha tinan 1566, universidade harii kadeira medisina daruak, ne'ebé prenxe husi Victorinus Schönfeldt. Antes ne'e, nia serbisu nu'udar profesór matemátika iha universidade.

Entre tinan 1580 no 1628, Rudolph Goclenius maka profesór filozofia, lójika, no étika iha Universidade Marburg. 

Bainhira Landgrave Maurice husi Hesse-Kassel hetan eransa husi Landgraviate Hesse-Marburg iha tinan 1604, nia konverte ba Calvinizmu iha tinan tuirmai. Tanba ne'e, universidade hetan obrigasaun atu adopta konfisaun Reformada, ne'ebé nia mantein to'o nia alinhamentu konfisionál nia rohan iha tinan 1866.

Mudansa konfisionál ida ne'e lori profesór Luteranu barak ba Universidade Giessen, ne'ebé foin harii iha tinan 1607. Iha tinan 1625, bainhira Marburg temporariamente tama iha okos Hesse-Darmstadt Luteranu, Universidade Giessen fila fali ba Universidade Marburg no depois taka. 

Iha loron 24 fulan-Juñu 1653, universidade ne'e loke fali husi William VI husi Hesse-Kassel, ne'ebé muda fali universidade estadu nian husi Kassel ba Marburg, nune'e taka Universidade Kassel. Iha tinan sira tuirmai, universidade hasoru tempu difisil sira tanba konfisionalizasaun ne'ebé la'o hela no susar finanseiru. 

=== sékulu 18 ===
Iha tinan 1723, filózofu Christian Wolff hetan nomeasaun ba kadeira ida iha Universidade Marburg hafoin hetan espulsaun hosi Halle hosi Frederick William I. Maski hetan opozisaun hosi parte sira hosi fakuldade teolójika, Wolff hanorin iha Marburg to'o 1740 ho protesaun hosi Landgrave, molok hetan bolu fali ba Prússia hosi Frederick the Great . Funu Tinan Hitu nian ikusmai perturba universidade, tanba Hesse sai hanesan kampu funu nian no Marburg hetan fortifikasaun. 

Iha tinan 1785, universidade ne'e iha estatutu legál no polítiku espesiál: nia iha nia jurisdisaun rasik, dotasaun ekleziástiku sira, no kadeira ida iha asembleia rejionál. Landgrave hala'o knaar nu'udar reitór, ministru finansas nu'udar kuradór, no senadu kompostu hosi reprezentante sira hosi teolojia, lei, medisina, no filozofia, hamutuk ho instrutór linguajen no tékniku sira. 

Universidade Marburg hetan kreximentu foun durante era Napoleónika . Iha tinan 1807, Eleitoradu Hesse nian sai parte hosi Reinu Westfalia ne'ebé foin harii, estadu satélite fransés ida. Maski universidade oioin iha reinu foun nia laran taka, Marburg hetan salvasaun no benefísiu finanseiru hosi redistribuisaun rekursu sira-nian, liuliu hafoin taka universidade sira iha Rinteln no Helmstedt . Biblioteka universitáriu habelar maka'as liuhosi transferénsia sira hosi Rinteln. 

Iha tinan 1810, autoridade sira Westfalia nian bandu estudante sira atu uza kór no farda rejionál sira, hodi hamosu konflitu ne'ebé naruk entre estudante sira no administrasaun. Iha Maiu 1811, estudante 200 resin halo protestu hodi marxa ba Gladenbach, ne'ebé lori ba libertasaun estudante ida ne'ebé dadur no inkéritu ofisiál ida. 

Hafoin retornu hosi prínsipe-eleitor iha tinan 1813, reforma barak maka inverte, inklui disolusaun hosi estrutura administrativu sira hosi Westfalia no finansiamentu sentralizadu.  Influensiadu husi Funu Libertasaun nian, movimentu estudante sira ne'ebé promove unidade nasionál no ideia liberál sira hetan trasaun iha Marburg. Iha tinan 1816, sosiedade estudante ''Teutonia nian'' hamutuk ho asosiasaun estudante lokál sira hodi forma ''Germania Marburgensis'', maski nia dezenvolvimentu hetan impedimentu hosi Dekretu Carlsbad nian to'o tinan 1850. Iha prínsipe-eleitór Wilhelm I nia okos, restrisaun relijioza sira sai kmaan, hodi permite nomeasaun ba profesór katóliku sira hamutuk ho luteranu sira. Wilhelm II depois fó igualdade konfisionál tomak, ne'ebé kontribui ba aumentu iha matríkula. Durante dékada 1820 no dékada sira tuirmai, universidade habelar nia instalasaun sira, inklui jardín botániku foun, biblioteka, laboratóriu kímiku, teatru anatómiku, observatóriu, no klínika sira. Klínika feto nian, hahú iha Hessian nia ukun, remata iha tinan 1867. 

Tuir aneksasaun Hesse nian hosi Prússia iha tinan 1866, universidade tranzita hosi instituisaun rejionál ida ba parte ida hosi sistema edukasaun Prússia nian, hodi hetan benefísiu hosi ninia reforma sira. Iha tempu ne'ebá, iha estudante na'in 264 (na'in 22 hosi li'ur Hesse) no profesór na'in 51. 

Tanba limitasaun propriedade no preferénsia atu uza edifísiu estadu nian ne'ebé eziste, universidade desentralizadu nafatin iha sidade tomak envezde adota modelu kampus unifikadu. Númeru estudante sira aumenta beibeik, to'o 500 iha 1880 no liu 1,000 iha 1887. 

=== sékulu XX ===
Iha tinan 1909, matríkula estudante nian iha Universidade Marburg aumenta dala rua. Maski feto sira seidauk hetan admisaun formál, Tadako Urata simu grau doutoramentu iha medisina iha tinan 1905 tuir provizaun espesiál ida. Onra akadémika dahuluk ne'ebé fó ba feto ida iha universidade fó ona iha tinan 1827 ba Daniel Jeanne Wyttenbach, ne'ebé simu doutoramentu onoráriu ida ba nia hakerek filozófiku sira kona-ba estétika.  Admisaun formál ba feto sira hahú iha semestre invernu 1908/09 ho estudante feto na'in 26; sira nia númeru sa'e ba 206 bainhira mosu Funu Mundiál I. 

Funu marka interupsaun boot ida. Enkuantu estudante mane 2,258 maka rejista iha veraun 1914, númeru ne'e tun ba 1,899 iha semestre tuirmai, ho de'it 478 ne'ebé tuir palestra sira. Iha fulan tolu nia laran funu nian, universidade lakon ona estudante na'in 55. 

=== Períodu Nazi ===
 
Iha tinan 1926, kapítulu ida hosi Liga Nasionál Sosialista Estudante Alemaña nian (NSDStB) harii iha Marburg. Iha tinan 1931, ida-ne'e kaer maioria iha konsellu estudante nian no lidera ida-ne'e hahú hosi ne'ebá.  Hafoin Nazi sira sa'e ba podér iha tinan 1933, profesór na'in 21—liu désimu ida hosi pesoál profesór sira—hetan demisaun tanba razaun polítika ka rasiál tuir lei sira funsaun públika nian. Entre sira maka matenek-na'in sira ne'ebé notavel hanesan ekonomista Wilhelm Röpke, filólogu romanu Erich Auerbach, no filozofu Karl Löwith . Profesór Hermann Jacobsohn, linguista ida, oho-an iha fulan-Abril tinan 1933 hafoin nia suspensaun. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Zinn, Holger (2002). Zwischen Republik und Diktatur: die Studentenschaft der Philipps-Universität Marburg in den Jahren von 1925 bis 1945 (Thesis) (in German). Cologne: SH-Verl. pp. 313–314. ISBN 3894981105.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=1933-05-01 |title=Professor Kills Self |url=https://www.jta.org/archive/professor-kills-self |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuota rasial no jéneru foun sira impoin ba estudante sira, limita matríkula Judeu nian ba 1.5% iha jerál no 5% ba estudante sira tinan dahuluk nian. Proporsaun estudante feto sira nian limitadu temporariamente ba 10%.

=== Depois 1945 ===
Tuir 1945, universidade haree kreximentu lalais iha númeru estudante sira.  Atu akomoda demanda, esforsu espansaun sira hahú iha dékada 1960, inklui edifísiu administrativu foun, jantar, no palestra sira, no muda Fakuldade Filozofia nian. Fakuldade Siénsia Naturál ida harii iha kampus Lahnberge ne'ebé foin dezenvolve, ne'ebé nia edifísiu sira maka entre sira dahuluk iha Alemaña ne'ebé tuir modelu konstrusaun prefabrikadu ne'ebé koñesidu hanesan ''Sistema Marburg'' . 

=== sékulu 21 ===
Eventu nasionál ida ne'ebé maka laiha presedente akontese iha loron 1 fulan-Janeiru tinan 2006, bainhira ospitál universitáriu hetan privatizasaun no fa'an ba Rhön-Klinikum AG, empreza privadu ida kuidadu saúde nian, hafoin nia fuzaun ho Ospitál Universitáriu Gießen nian. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Conrad |first=Till |date=2022-05-16 |title=Die langen Kämpfe ums Krankenhaus |work=[[Oberhessische Presse]] |pages=4 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha tinan 2012 universidade loke muzeu kímika interativu dahuluk alemaun nian, ho naran ''Chemicum'' . Ninia programa kursu esperimentál ho objetivu atu enkoraja foin-sa'e sira atu buka kareira iha siénsia. &lt;ref name=&quot;chemicum-news&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 February 2011 |title=&quot;Chemikum Marburg&quot; hat ein dauerhaftes Domizil |url=https://idw-online.de/pages/en/news454460 |access-date=23 January 2012 |publisher=Informationsdienst Wissenschaft }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111075522/https://idw-online.de/pages/en/news454460 |date=11 November 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Estrutura ==
[[Imajen:Marburg_UB_Neubau_Eingang_Alter_Botanischer_Garten_von_OSO.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Biblioteka universitáriu]]
[[Imajen:Uni_Marburg_Lahnberge_04.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|''Kampus Lahnberge'' dedika ba siénsia naturál sira. Imajen hatudu ''Edifísiu ho Objetivu Múltiplu'', uma ba Departamentu Matemátika no Siénsia Informátika, no mós laboratóriu sira ba peskiza iha siénsia materiál no kímika fízika]]

=== Departamentu sira ===
Universidade Marburg fahe ba 16 fakuldade. Iha nia tempu dahuluk, universidade ne'e kompostu husi Fakuldade Teolojia, Fakuldade Medisina, Fakuldade Direitu, no Fakuldade Filosofia. Husi Fakuldade Filosofia, Fakuldade Matemátika no Siénsia Naturál separa iha tinan 1964.

Iha tinan 1970, tuir Lei Edukasaun Asentu-Superiór Hesse nian, fakuldade sira ne'e hetan reestruturasaun sai fakuldade 20. Depois husi fusaun sira ne'ebé akontese liu husi tinan 1997, organizasaun atual kompostu husi 16 fakuldade, ne'ebé numerasaun la tuir ona sequência kontinua. [1]

Hanesan parte ida hosi Prosesu Bologna nian, Universidade introdús númeru boot ida hosi programa foun sira Lisensiatura no Mestradu nian. Iha tempu hanesan, programa lisensiatura tradisionál sira ho Majistradu, Diplom no kualifikasaun sira ne'ebé hanesan hapara tiha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2007-11-06 |title=Marburger Lehrer informieren sich über neues Studiensystem |url=https://www.uni-marburg.de/archive/news/2007-11-6-marburger-lehrer-informieren-sich-uber-neues-studiensystem.html |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Uni Marburg}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Institutu no muzeu asosiadu sira ===
Universidade koopera ho institutu afiliadu sira tuirmai:

* Fundasaun Christoph Dornier ba Psikolojia Klínika &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Dietrich |first=Simon |date=1991-10-23 |title=Philipps-Universitaet. Viele Kooperationen mit Unternehmen |work=[[Handelsblatt]] |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sentru Peskiza ba Hakerek Pesoál sira &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2012-09-20 |title=Aufschlussreiche Würdigungen Verstorbener |work=[[Ostthüringer Zeitung]] |pages=14 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Institutu Hans von Soden ba Peskiza Teolójika &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2003-11-11 |title=Universität Marburg Neues Institut zur Förderung von Theologen |work=[[Frankfurter Rundschau]] |pages=34 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Jestaun Kuidadu Saúde eV &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2005-06-18 |title=Gesundheitsmanagement |work=[[Salzburger Nachrichten]] |pages=39 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Institutu ba Estudu Kooperativu sira (fundasaun legál privadu ida) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Fehl |first=Ulrich |date=1998-01-26 |title=Im Rahmen marktwirtschaftlicher Ordnung |work=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] |pages=14 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Institutu ba Terapia Komportamentál no Medisina Komportamentál (IVV) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2008-11-21 |title=Vortrag über Selbstverletzungen bei Jugendlichen |work=Gießener Anzeiger |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Institutu ba Étika Negósiu no Sosiál &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Meyer |first=Claus-Peter |date=2001-11-29 |title=Debeka als Arbeitgeber ausgezeichnet |work=VersicherungsJournal Deutschland |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Semináriu Katóliku-Teolójiku Fakuldade Teolojia nian iha Fulda &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2020-10-16 |title=Keine Priester mehr aus Fulda? |work=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] |pages=5 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Muzeu sira tuirmai ne'e iha afiliasaun ho universidade:

* Muzeu Mineralójiku hosi Universidade Philipps Marburg &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2013-08-27 |title=Bedeutende Sammlung von Mineralien gestiftet |work=Oberhessische Zeitung |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Muzeu Arte no Istória Kulturál &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kunstmuseum |url=https://www.uni-marburg.de/de/museum/kunstmuseum |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Uni Marburg |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Schwarzwäller |first=Nadja |date=2018-06-19 |title=Verein macht sich stark für Museum |work=[[Oberhessische Presse]] |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kolesaun sira husi universidade (selesaun) ===

* Alter Botanischer Garten Marburg, the university's old [[botanical garden]]
* Botanischer Garten Marburg, the university's current botanical garden
* Forschungsinstitut Lichtbildarchiv älterer Originalurkunden bis 1250 (Collection of photographs taken from medieval charters)
* Bildarchiv Foto Marburg (German national picture archive of arts)
* Religionskundliche Sammlung (Collection of religious objects)
* Deutscher Sprachatlas (Linguistic Atlas of Germany)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Research Center Deutscher Sprachatlas |url=https://www.uni-marburg.de/en/fb09/dsa |access-date=1 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Mineralogisches Museum (Museum of Mineralogy)
* Museum für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte (Museum of Arts)
* Museum Anatomicum (Museum of Anatomy and Medical History, currently closed)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Pfaffel |first=Dorothee |date=2025-04-04 |title=Wollen Sie das sehen? |work=Neuburger Rundschau |pages=25 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* University Archive https://www.uni-marburg.de/de/uniarchiv

== Peskiza ==

=== Klasifikasaun sira ===
Departamentu sira psikolojia no jeografia nian atinji ona estatutu Grupu Exelénsia nian iha Klasifikasaun Exelénsia CHE nian iha Europa tomak 2009.&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;Tuir QS World University Rankings of 2024, instituisaun ne'e situa iha intervalu 761-770 globalmente, no nia kaer pozisaun 40-41 nasionalmente.  Tuir THE World University Rankings of 2024, nia hetan klasifikasaun iha grupu 401-500 iha nivel mundiál, enkuantu nia klasifikasaun nasionál monu entre 37 no 41.  Iha ARWU World Rankings of 2023, universidade ne'e lista iha 401-500 iha mundu tomak no nia hetan pozisaun entre 25 no nasionál 31. 

=== Sentru Peskiza Kolaborativu sira ===
Universidade ne'e signifikativu ba nia peskiza siénsia-moris nian maibé mós uma ba sentru ida hosi sentru uitoan ne'ebé hala'o peskiza kona-ba Médiu Oriente, CNMS ( Sentru ba Estudu sira Médiu Oriente no Besik nian ).

Peskiza universidade nian ilustra hosi nia partisipasaun iha SFB oioin ( ''Sonderforschungsbereiche'' ). Sentru peskiza kolaborativu sira-ne'e hetan finansiamentu hosi Fundasaun Siénsia Alemaña ''DFG'' . Sira enkoraja peskizadór sira atu hakat liu baliza sira hosi dixiplina sira, institutu sira, departamentu sira no fakuldade sira iha universidade partisipante nia laran. SFB atuál iha Universidade Marburg maka: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sonderforschungsbereiche |url=https://www.uni-marburg.de/de/forschung/spitzenfoerderung/sfb |access-date=9 May 2020 |website=Philipps-Universität Marburg}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* SFB 1083 – Estrutura no Dinámika Interfase Internu sira-nian (hahú iha 2013, iha kooperasaun ho Sentru Fízika Internasionál Donostia San Sebastián ) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2025-04-09 |title=SFB1083 |url=https://www.internal-interfaces.de/ |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Internal Interfaces |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* SFB/TRR 138 – Dinámika Seguransa nian: Forma sira Titulizasaun nian iha Perspetiva Istóriku (hahú iha 2014)
* CRC/TRR 393 – Trajetória sira husi Transtornu Afetivu sira (dezde 2024)

=== Manan-na'in sira Prémiu Nobel nian ===
Entre 1901 no 2011, ema na'in sanulu-resin-ida ne'ebé asosiadu ho Universidade Marburg liuhosi estudu ka hanorin hetan Prémiu Nobel[[File:Nobel_Prize.png|15x15px]] : &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Nobelpreisträger |url=https://www.uni-marburg.de/de/universitaet/profil/geschichte/nobelpreistraeger |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=Uni Marburg |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* 1901: Emil von Behring (Medicine)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Warnecke |first=Christiane |date=2009-06-13 |title=Mit Emil von Behring fing alles an |work=[[Frankfurter Neue Presse]] |pages=1 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1909: Ferdinand Braun (Physics)
* 1910: Albrecht Kossel (Medicine)
* 1930: Hans Fischer (Chemistry)
* 1936: Otto Loewi (Medicine)
* 1939: Adolf Butenandt (Chemistry)
* 1944: Otto Hahn (Chemistry)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Hanke |first=Franz-Josef |date=2008-06-23 |title=Ehre, wem Ehre gebührt – Wissenschaftspreise ehren die Forscher und nutzen auch wieder der Wissenschaft |work=[[Badische Zeitung]] |pages=12 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1958: Boris Pasternak (Literature)
* 1963: Karl Ziegler (Chemistry)
* 1979: Georg Wittig (Chemistry)
* 2011: Jules Hoffmann (Medicine)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Breu |first=Michael |date=2011-10-04 |title=Nobelpreis geht an einen Toten. Medizinpreis erstmals posthum vergeben |work=[[Basler Zeitung]] |pages=12 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Manan-na'in sira Prémiu Leibniz nian ===
Prémiu Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz fó ba peskizadór sira tuirmai ne'ebé iha afiliasaun ho Universidade Marburg: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2021-12-10 |title=Trägerinnen und Träger des Leibnizpreises an der Philipps-Universität Marburg |work=[[Oberhessische Presse]] |pages=3 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* 1987: Rudolf K. Thauer – Mikrobiolojia Biokímika
* 1989: Manfred T. Reetz – Kímika Orgánika
* 1991: Ernst O. Göbel – Fízika Estadu-Sólidu
* 1991: Rolf Müller – Biokímika / Biolojia Molekulár
* 1996: Reinhard Lührmann – Biolojia Molekulár
* 1997: Paul Knochel – Kímika Organometálika
* 1997: Stephan W. Koch – Fízika Teórika
* 2002: Bruno Eckhardt – Fízika Teórika
* 2003: Roland Lill – Biolojia Sélula / Biokímika
* 2006: Gyburg Radke (kaben ho Uhlmann) – Filolójia no Filozofia Klásiku
* 2011: Friederike Pannewick – Estudu Árabe
* 2022: Stefanie Dehnen – Kímika Inorgánika
* 2024: Tobias Erb – Mikrobiolojia Sintétika

=== Prémiu Ars legend ba ensinu universitáriu ne'ebé di'ak tebes ===
Prémiu Ars legendi ba Ensinu Universitáriu Exelente, prémiu aas liu iha Alemaña iha área ensinu superiór nian, ne'ebé aprezenta hosi Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft no Konferénsia Reitór Alemaña nian (HRK), fó ba ema sira tuirmai ne'ebé hanorin iha Universidade Marburg: &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |title=Ars legendi-Preis |url=https://www.stifterverband.org/ars-legendi-preis |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Stifterverband |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Preisträger*innen |url=https://www.uni-marburg.de/de/universitaet/profil/zahlen-fakten-preise/preise |access-date=2025-09-08 |website=Uni Marburg |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* 2010: Jürgen Schäfer (Prémiu Fakuldade ba Medisina)
* 2015: Jürgen Handke (ba &quot;Ensinu no Aprendizajen Dijitál&quot;)
* 2016: Ilka Agricola (Prémiu Fakuldade nian ba Matemátika)
* 2017: Stefan Bösner (Prémiu Fakuldade ba Medisina)
* 2018: Evelyn Korn (ba &quot;Alineamentu Konstrutivu&quot;)
* 2024: Rolf Kreyer (ba &quot;Teoria no prátika linguístika Inglés nian kombinadu&quot;) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=2025-06-05 |title=Marburger Anglist Professor Kreyer erhält Preis für ausgezeichnete Lehre |url=https://www.op-marburg.de/lokales/marburg-biedenkopf/marburg/marburger-anglist-professor-kreyer-erhaelt-preis-fuer-ausgezeichnete-lehre-IVUZOSGCCREO3F2XUUNLS5N474.html |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=[[Oberhessische Presse]] |language=de }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251205151419/https://www.op-marburg.de/lokales/marburg-biedenkopf/marburg/marburger-anglist-professor-kreyer-erhaelt-preis-fuer-ausgezeichnete-lehre-IVUZOSGCCREO3F2XUUNLS5N474.html |date=2025-12-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Instituisaun sientífika sira ===
Universidade Marburg simu instituisaun akadémika no peskiza oioin:

* Akademia Peskiza Universidade Marburg (MARA) apoia peskizadór sira iha kareira inisiál liuhosi formasaun interdisiplinár, finansiamentu, no servisu dezenvolvimentu kareira nian. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2010-12-23 |title=Bedingungen für Promotion transparent machen |work=Gießener Anzeiger |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sentru Dokumentasaun Alemaña ba Istória Arte nian (Bildarchiv Foto Marburg) maka arkivu imajen ida ne'ebé boot liu iha Europa ba arte no arkitetura, ne'ebé fornese rekursu no servisu sira ba muzeu sira, matenek-na'in sira, no editór sira. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Brockschmidt |first=Rolf |date=2023-09-02 |title=Für den Fall der Fälle |work=[[Der Tagesspiegel]] |pages=34 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sentru Demokrasia Hesse koordena esforsu sira hasoru estremizmu direita no oferese programa Mestradu ida iha akonsellamentu iha kontestu ne'ebá. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Haschink |first=Gregor |date=2022-05-11 |title=Opferberatung studieren |work=[[Frankfurter Rundschau]] |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sentru Peskiza Deutscher Sprachatlas dokumenta no estuda variedade rejionál sira hosi lian Alemaña no mantein arkivu ida ne'ebé luan hosi materiál dialetu sira hosi fatin 50,000 resin. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Rummel |first=Silke |date=2014-09-09 |title=Forschungszentrum Deutscher Sprachatlas |work=Darmstädter Echo |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Sentru Estudu Jéneru no Peskiza Feminista, harii iha 2001, promove serbisu interdisiplinár iha estudu jéneru no koordena programa akadémiku sira ne'ebé iha relasaun. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2017-11-10 |title=Bildungsministerium gibt knapp eine Million Euro für Gender-Forschung |work=[[Oberhessische Presse]] |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Jardim Botániku, ne'ebé lokaliza iha kampus Lahnberge, ho luan hektar 20 no inklui kolesaun ai-horis ne'ebé luan, área peskiza nian, no estufa sira; Jardim Botániku Antigu agora serve hanesan parke públiku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ahlers |first=Wolfram |date=2021-08-20 |title=Botanischer Garten in Marburg muss renoviert werden |url=https://www.faz.net/aktuell/rhein-main/region-und-hessen/botanischer-garten-in-marburg-muss-renoviert-werden-17488145.html |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* SYNMIKRO, Sentru ba Mikrobiolojia Sintétika, avansa peskiza kona-ba enjeñaria funsaun mikrobiál sira, ho aplikasaun sira iha bioteknolojia no medisina, iha kolaborasaun ho Sosiedade Max Planck . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Hitzeroth |first=Manfred |date=2018-11-10 |title=Sieg mit mikrobiologischem Baukasten |work=[[Oberhessische Presse]] |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Estudante sira ==
[[Imajen:Alte_Universität_(Marburg)_2.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|''Universidade Antiga'', ne'ebé maka iha igreja universitáriu, departamentu ba estudu relijiozu sira no sala palestra reprezentativu ida]]
Students at Marburg University are represented by the General Student Committee (AStA) and the Student Parliament (StuPa), with additional representation at faculty level through student councils. The universal transit pass (semester ticket), negotiated by the AStA, allows students extensive access to public transport in Hesse and neighbouring areas, including use of selected InterCity (IC) and InterCity Express (ICE) trains.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2018-10-24 |title=ICE: Für Asta war Ticket-Reichweite zentraler Punkt |work=[[Oberhessische Presse]] |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Robinson |first=Patrick |date=2025-03-06 |title=Nach der Prüfung ist vor der Prüfung |work=[[Oberhessische Presse]] |pages=4 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Universidade oferese rezidénsia oioin ba estudante sira, inklui Christian-Wolff-Haus, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-11-16 |title=Kernsanierung für Christian-Wolff-Haus |work=[[Oberhessische Presse]] |pages=5 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; istóriku Collegium Philippinum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2025-09-08 |title=Felina Karle bekommt dank jahrhundertealten Rechts einen Platz im Collegium Philippinum in Marburg |work=[[Oberhessische Presse]] |pages=4 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; no Vilmarhaus, ne'ebé maka jere hosi Igreja Protestante. Konrad-Biesalski-Haus nafatin notavel ba nia asesibilidade pioneiru ba estudante sira ho defisiénsia fíziku. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Maas |first=Marie-Charlotte |date=2012-06-14 |title=Gleichheit unter Ungleichen |work=[[Die Zeit]] |pages=71 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Antigu alunu no profesór sira ne'ebé notavel ==

=== Sientista naturál sira ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Div col/styles.css&quot; /&gt; 

=== Teólogu sira ===
Marburg sempre koñesidu hanesan universidade ida ne'ebé foka ba umanidade . Ida-ne'e mantein forsa ne'e, liuliu iha Filozofia no Teolojia ba tempu naruk hafoin Funu Mundiál Daruak . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Peter |first=Lothar |date=2020-05-02 |title=Ein Partisan im Land der Mitläufer |url=https://jacobin.de/artikel/wolfgang-abendroth-marburg-marxismus-partisanenprofessor |access-date=2025-09-09 |website=Jacobin Magazin |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Sieg |first=Ulrich |date=2005-02-05 |title=Aus dem Geiste Kants Hermann Cohen, Paul Natorp und der Erste Weltkrieg |work=[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]] |pages=64 |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Div col/styles.css&quot; /&gt;

=== Filózofu sira ===

=== Seluk ===
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Div col/styles.css&quot; /&gt;

[[Kategoria:Páginas com traduções não revistas]]
[[Kategoria:Alemaña]]</text>
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      <comment>Pájina foun: '{{Infobox settlement | name                    = Shymkent | native_name             = {{lang|kk|Шымкент}} | settlement_type         = Sidade ho importánsia republikana | image_skyline           = Aerial View of Shymkent.jpg | image_caption           = Vista aérea ba sentru Shymkent | pushpin_map             = Kazakistan | pushpin_map_caption     = Lokalizasaun Shymkent iha Kazakistan | coordinates             = {{coord|42.3167|N|69.6000|E|display=inline,title}} | su...'</comment>
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| name                    = Shymkent
| native_name             = {{lang|kk|Шымкент}}
| settlement_type         = Sidade ho importánsia republikana
| image_skyline           = Aerial View of Shymkent.jpg
| image_caption           = Vista aérea ba sentru Shymkent
| pushpin_map             = Kazakistan
| pushpin_map_caption     = Lokalizasaun Shymkent iha Kazakistan
| coordinates             = {{coord|42.3167|N|69.6000|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = Nasaun
| subdivision_name        = [[Kazakistan]]
| subdivision_type1       = Estatutu
| subdivision_name1       = Sidade ho importánsia republikana
| established_title       = Mensiona dala uluk
| established_date        = Séklu XV (relasiona ho akontesimentu 1365—1366)
| leader_title            = Akim
| leader_name             = Gabit Syzdykbekov&lt;ref name=&quot;akimat&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent?lang=ru Administrasaun sidade Shymkent]. Plataforma integradu rekursu internet órgaun estadu Repúblika Kazakhstan nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 1163&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent/documents/details/572558?lang=ru Planu dezenvolvimentu sidade Shymkent ba 2021—2025]. Administrasaun sidade Shymkent, 21 Dezembru 2023. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 1308120&lt;ref name=&quot;population2026&quot;&gt;[https://stat.gov.kz/api/iblock/element/341320/file/ru/ Populasaun Repúblika Kazakhstan iha 1 Juñu 2026]. Biro Estatístika Nasionál Ajénsia Planeamentu Estratéjiku no Reforma Repúblika Kazakhstan nian, 1 Jullu 2026. XLSX. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_as_of        = 1 Juñu 2026
| population_density_km2  = 1125
| population_metro        = Aglomerasaun Shymkent
| demographics_type1      = Grupu étniku prinsipál
| demographics1_info1     = Kazakh, Uzbek, Rusianu no seluk
| timezone                = Oras Kazakistan
| utc_offset              = +5
| postal_code_type        = Kódigu postál
| postal_code             = 160000
| area_code               = +7 7252
| registration_plate      = 17
| blank_name              = Kódigu KATO
| blank_info              = 511010000
| website                 = {{URL|https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent}}
}}

'''Shymkent''' ({{lang|kk|Шымкент}}; to'o tinan 1992, iha lian rusianu naran ofisiál hakerek hanesan '''Chimkent''') mak sidade ida iha parte sul [[Kazakistan]] nian. Shymkent mak ida hosi sidade tolu ho importánsia republikana iha nasaun ne'e, hamutuk ho [[Astana]] no [[Almaty]]. Sidade ne'e forma unidade administrativu-territoriál ketak no la tama iha Provinsia Turkistan ne'ebé hale'u nia territóriu. Shymkent hetan estatutu sidade ho importánsia republikana iha 19 Juñu 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;decree2018&quot;&gt;[https://www.akorda.kz/ru/legal_acts/decrees/o-nekotoryh-voprosah-administrativno-territorialnogo-ustroistva-respubliki-kazahstan Kona-ba kestaun balu relasiona ho organizasaun administrativu-territoriál Repúblika Kazakistan nian]. Sítio ofisiál Prezidente Repúblika Kazakistan nian, 19 Juñu 2018. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha 1 Juñu 2026, sidade ne'e iha populasaun ema 1.308.120. Tuir númeru populasaun, Shymkent mak sidade boot liu datoluk iha Kazakistan, depois de Almaty no Astana.&lt;ref name=&quot;population2026&quot;/&gt; Área administrativu sidade nian mak 1.163 km².&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt; Shymkent mak sentru prinsipál ida ba indústria, komérsiu, transporte, edukasaun no kultura iha parte sul nasaun nian. Indústria transformadora, komérsiu, konstrusaun, transporte no servisu sira iha papél boot iha ekonomia; refinasaun petróleu, farmásia, indústria ai-han no produsaun materiál konstrusaun mós importante.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;&gt;[https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/ Sidade Shymkent: rezultadu badak dezenvolvimentu sosiál-ekonómiku rejiaun nian]. Biro Estatístika Nasionál Ajénsia Planeamentu Estratéjiku no Reforma Repúblika Kazakistan nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Peskiza arkeolójika iha sítio povuasaun antigu iha sentru istóriku deskobre estratu kulturál ho espessura totál to'o metru 14. Serámika hosi estratu kraik liu data hosi rohan séklu III to'o inísiu séklu II molok Kristu. Bazeia ba deskoberta ne'e, idade povuasaun urbana estimadu menus liu tinan 2.200.&lt;ref name=&quot;archaeology&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent-turizm/press/news/details/60485?lang=ru Sítio povuasaun antigu Shymkent]. Departamentu Turizmu, Relasaun Esterna no Indústria Kriativa Sidade Shymkent nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt; Maibé, datasaun arkeolójika povuasaun ne'e la hanesan ho data bainhira naran sidade mensiona dala uluk iha fonte eskrita. Naran Shymkent aparece iha ''Zafarnama'' husi Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi, ne'ebé kompostu iha séklu XV no deskreve akontesimentu tinan 1365—1366.&lt;ref name=&quot;zafar&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent-turizm/press/news/details/72607?lang=ru Razaun hitu atu vizita Shymkent]. Departamentu Turizmu, Relasaun Esterna no Indústria Kriativa Sidade Shymkent nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naran ==

Interpretasaun ne'ebé komún liga naran sidade ho elementu ''chim'' ka ''shym'', ne'ebé signifika “turf”, “du'ut”, “kampu du'ut” ka “rai matak”, no ''kent'', ne'ebé signifika “sidade” ka “povuasaun”. Tuir interpretasaun ida-ne'e, topónimu ne'e bele hatudu signifikadu “sidade matak”, “sidade iha leet kampu du'ut” ka “sidade ne'ebé moris-di'ak”. Elementu ''-kent'', ne'ebé mai hosi tradisaun topónimu iranianu antigu, mosu iha naran povuasaun barak iha Ázia Sentral, inklui [[Tashkent]], Zharkent no Mankent.&lt;ref name=&quot;investintro&quot;&gt;[https://shymkent.invest.gov.kz/ru/doing-business-here/intro/ Sidade Shymkent: informasaun jerál]. Kompañia Nasionál Kazakh Invest. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha fonte lian rusianu hosi séklu XIX no XX, forma '''Chimkent''' sai padraun. Iha 1914, sidade ne'e muda naran ba '''Chernyayev''' atu onra jenerál Mikhail Chernyayev, ne'ebé lidera forsa rusianu bainhira sira okupa sidade iha 1864. Iha 1924, naran uluk restaura. Tuir rezolusaun Prezídium Konsellu Supremu Repúblika Kazakhstan nian iha 8 Setembru 1992, transkrisaun rusianu husi naran ne'e padroniza ba forma '''Shymkent'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;rename1992&quot;&gt;[https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920001800_ Kona-ba mudansa naran no padronizasaun transkrisaun iha lian rusianu ba unidade administrativu-territoriál balu iha Repúblika Kazakhstan]. Sistema informasaun jurídika “Ädilet”, 8 Setembru 1992. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Istória ==

=== Antiguidade no Idade Média ===

Territóriu Shymkent modernu habita ona hosi tempu antigu tebes. Sítio povuasaun antigu lokaliza iha sentru istóriku sidade nian no okupa área besik hektare 4,5. Eskavasaun ne'ebé hala'o, inklui husi espesialista sira hosi Institutu Arkeolojia A. H. Margulan no Universidade Kazakistan Sul M. O. Auezov, deskobre estratu kulturál ne'ebé kontinua hosi períodu antigu, Idade Média sedu no Idade Média tardiu.&lt;ref name=&quot;archaeology&quot;/&gt;

Dezenvolvimentu povuasaun ne'e liga ho nia pozisaun iha zona foho-oan Tianshan Osidentál, iha dalan entre vale Syr Darya, oázis [[Transoxiana]] no rejiaun estepe Kazakistan nian. Iha besik ne'e iha Sayram, ne'ebé autór medievál sira koñese hanesan Ispijab no ne'ebé sai sentru boot ida iha rota [[Dalan Seda Boot]].

Naran Shymkent mensiona iha ''Zafarnama'' husi Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi bainhira nia konta akontesimentu tinan 1365—1366. Iha períodu oioin, sidade no nia arredór tama iha esfera influénsia estadu sira iha Ázia Sentral, inklui domíniu Timúrida no Kanatu Kazakh. Iha séklu XVII no XVIII, funu Kazakh–Dzungar afeta rejiaun ne'e; iha rohan séklu XVIII to'o metade dahuluk séklu XIX, Kanatu Kokand no Emiratu Bukhara kompeti atu kontrola sidade sira iha Kazakistan Sul.

=== Kanatu Kokand no Impériu Rúsia ===

Iha inísiu séklu XIX, Shymkent tama iha Kanatu Kokand. Besik 1810, sidade transforma ba postu militár no administrativu ne'ebé fortifikadu. Fortaleza lokaliza iha fatin aas iha sentru povuasaun no kontrola estrada entre Tashkent, Turkistan no zona foho-oan.

Iha Setembru 1864, tropa rusianu okupa Chimkent. Depois ne'e, sidade sai sentru distritu iha Oblast Syr-Darya hosi Governadoria-Jerál Turkistan.&lt;ref name=&quot;history1864&quot;&gt;[https://auezov.edu.kz/media/attachments/2022/03/24/5-..-25-29.pdf Peskizadór rusianu sira kona-ba sidade Shymkent]. Universidade Kazakhstan Sul M. O. Auezov. PDF. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Antes revolusaun, ekonomia sidade bazeia ba komérsiu, artesanatu no prosesamentu matéria-prima agríkola. Iha década 1880, fábrica ida atu produz santonin hosi ai-fuan ''Artemisia cina'' funda, no sai antepasadu indústria farmaséutika modernu Shymkent nian. Konstrusaun linha ferru iha inísiu séklu XX aumenta importánsia sidade hanesan sentru komérsiu no transporte.

=== Períodu Soviétiku ===

Depois podér soviétiku estabelese, sidade ne'e tuir malu tama iha Repúblika Sosiálita Soviétika Autónoma Turkistan, Repúblika Sosiálita Soviétika Autónoma Kazakh no Repúblika Sosiálita Soviétika Kazakh. Iha 1924, sidade Chernyayev hetan fila-fali naran Chimkent. Iha 1932, nia sai kapitál administrativu hosi Oblast Kazakhstan Sul ne'ebé foin kria.&lt;ref name=&quot;museumhistory&quot;&gt;[https://museum.bhost.kz/index.php/ru/about-uko/history-uko/26-o-yuko/162-history-of-uko-part1 Istória Oblast Kazakhstan Sul hosi inísiu séklu XX]. Museu Istória no Etnografia Oblast Kazakhstan Sul nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha tempu industrializasaun, sidade harii no haboot empreza metalurjia la ferroz, indústria kímiku-farmaséutika, indústria mina no gordura, ai-han no indústria leve. Empreza boot liu mak Fábrika Xumbu Chimkent no fábrika kímiku-farmaséutika. Durante [[Funu Mundu Daruak|Funu Patriótiku Boot]], empreza no instituisaun hosi parte osidentál Uniaun Soviétika muda ba Chimkent; sidade sai sentru industrial ida iha retaguarda.

Iha dekada sira depois funu, populasaun no territóriu Chimkent aumenta lalais. Área rezidensiál foun, empreza engenharia no indústria konstrusaun, instituisaun edukasaun no saúde mosu. Iha década 1980, refinaria petróleu Shymkent hahú operasaun.

=== Kazakhstan independente ===

Depois Kazakistan deklara independénsia, Shymkent kontinua sai sentru ekonómiku boot liu iha parte sul nasaun. Iha 1992, hakerek ofisiál iha lian rusianu muda hosi Chimkent ba Shymkent.&lt;ref name=&quot;rename1992&quot;/&gt;

Iha 2014, fronteira administrativu sidade aumenta maka'as liuhosi inkluzaun rai no povuasaun hosi distritu viziñu sira. Iha tinan ne'ebá mos kria distritu urbana dahaat, depois fó naran Karatau.&lt;ref name=&quot;district2014&quot;&gt;[https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V14UA002836 Kona-ba kriasaun distritu dahaat no determinasaun fronteira distritu sira iha sidade Shymkent]. Sistema informasaun jurídika “Ädilet”, 7 Outubru 2014. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha 19 Juñu 2018, Shymkent klasifika hanesan sidade ho importánsia republikana. Sentru administrativu Oblast Kazakistan Sul muda ba Turkistan, no oblast ne'e muda naran ba Oblast Turkistan.&lt;ref name=&quot;decree2018&quot;/&gt; Iha 2022, kria distritu administrativu dalima — Turan.&lt;ref name=&quot;turan2022&quot;&gt;[https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V22E0029189 Kona-ba kriasaun distritu foun iha sidade Shymkent no fó naran “Turan”]. Sistema informasaun jurídika “Ädilet”, 12 Agostu 2022. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jeografia ==

=== Pozisaun jeográfika ===

Shymkent lokaliza iha parte sul Kazakhstan, iha planísie foho-oan hosi parte osidentál Tianshan, la dook tebes hosi fronteira ho [[Uzbekistan]]. Sidade iha korredór transporte istóriku no modernu ne'ebé liga Tashkent, Turkistan, Taraz no Almaty. Territóriu administrativu okupa hektare 116.300, ka 1.163 km².&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt;

Mota prinsipál sira mak Badam no Koshkarata ho nia ramifikasaun Karasu. Iha sidade iha kanál sia ho naruk totál besik km 91, inklui kanál Badam, Shymkent, Yangichek, Tekesu no Koshkarata. Área floresta estadu no zona matak mak hektare 5.332,7.&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt;

=== Klima ===

Klima Shymkent mak kontinentál, ho veraun manas no naruk, no inverno ne'ebé relativu kmaan ba Kazakistan. Udan barak liu normalmente monu iha parte malirin tinan nian no iha primavera; veraun maioria maran. Norma klimátika ba sidade kalkula husi empreza estadu Kazhydromet bazeia ba períodu 1991—2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;climate&quot;&gt;[https://www.kazhydromet.kz/ru/klimat/shymkent Karakterístika klimátika Shymkent]. Empreza Estadu “Kazhydromet”. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Divizaun administrativu ==

Shymkent fahe ba distritu administrativu lima: Abay, Al-Farabi, Enbekshi, Karatau no Turan.&lt;ref name=&quot;akimat&quot;/&gt; Tuir estimativa ne'ebé atualiza ba inísiu 2026, populasaun distritu sira distribui hanesan tuirmai:&lt;ref name=&quot;ethnos2026&quot;&gt;[https://stat.gov.kz/api/iblock/element/348012/file/ru/ Populasaun Repúblika Kazakistan tuir grupu étniku balu iha inísiu 2026, folla “sidade Shymkent”]. Biro Estatístika Nasionál Ajénsia Planeamentu Estratéjiku no Reforma Repúblika Kazakhstan nian, 27 Marsu 2026. XLSX. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Distritu
! Populasaun iha inísiu 2026
|-
| Abay
| 259 325
|-
| Al-Farabi
| 262 566
|-
| Enbekshi
| 206 679
|-
| Karatau
| 334 139
|-
| Turan
| 231 341
|}

Xefe podér ezekutivu sidade nian mak akim. Gabit Syzdykbekov kaer kargu akim Shymkent nian.&lt;ref name=&quot;akimat&quot;/&gt;

== Populasaun ==

Iha inísiu 2026, populasaun sidade mak ema 1.294.050, no to'o 1 Juñu 2026 aumenta ba ema 1.308.120.&lt;ref name=&quot;ethnos2026&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;population2026&quot;/&gt; Ho área 1.163 km², densidade populasaun mak besik ema 1.125 kada km².

Iha Janeiru—Maiu 2026, kresimentu naturál mak ema 8.287: labarik 10.261 moris no ema 1.974 mate. Saldu migrasaun pozitivu mak ema 5.783, inklui ema 5.687 hosi migrasaun interna.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;/&gt;

=== Kompozisaun étnika ===

Shymkent mak sidade multiétniku. Tuir estimativa atualizada Biro Estatístika Nasionál nian ba inísiu 2026, grupu étniku boot liu mak:&lt;ref name=&quot;ethnos2026&quot;/&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Grupu étniku
! Númeru ema
! Persentajen
|-
| Kazakh
| 929 724
| 71,85
|-
| Uzbek
| 203 098
| 15,69
|-
| Rusianu
| 74 404
| 5,75
|-
| Azerbaijanu
| 23 814
| 1,84
|-
| Tatar
| 11 346
| 0,88
|-
| Seluk
| 51 664
| 3,99
|}

Lian estadu mak [[lian kazakh]]. Iha organizasaun estadu no órgaun governu lokál, lian rusianu uza ofisialmente hamutuk ho lian kazakh, tuir Konstituisaun Kazakistan. Iha moris loron-loron, parte signifikativu populasaun mós uza [[lian uzbek]].

== Ekonomia ==

Shymkent mak ida hosi sentru industrial no komersiál boot liu iha Kazakistan. Iha estrutura ekonomia nian, indústria transformadora, komérsiu grosista no retallista, konstrusaun, transporte, armazenamentu no servisu seluk iha papél importante.

Iha Janeiru—Marsu 2026, produtu rejionál brutu atinji 1,352 triliaun tenge; kresimentu reál kompara ho períodu hanesan iha 2025 mak 8,9%. Servisu reprezenta 61,6% hosi PRB, no produsaun bens reprezenta 30,1%.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;/&gt;

Iha Janeiru—Juñu 2026, volume produsaun industrial mak 817,46 biliaun tenge, aumenta 11% kompara ho tinan kotuk. Produsaun indústria transformadora aumenta 9,6%. Valór servisu konstrusaun atinji 136,26 biliaun tenge, no área uma foun ne'ebé inaugura mak 558,6 rihun m². Vendas retallista atinji 628,47 biliaun tenge. Investimentu iha kapitál fixu mak 308,38 biliaun tenge.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;/&gt;

Setór tradisionál inklui refinasaun petróleu, farmásia, produsaun ai-han no bebida, indústria tékstil no roupa, engenharia, metalurjia no produsaun materiál konstrusaun. Iha sidade funsiona Refinaria Petróleu Shymkent, fábrika farmaséutika no empreza simentu, ai-han no indústria leve. Zona Ekonómika Espesiál “Oñtüstik”, zona industrial no infraestrutura transporte-lojístika kontinua dezenvolve.

Iha 1 Jullu 2026, iha Shymkent rejista entidade jurídika 29.410; hosi ne'e 24.907 ativu. Maioria boot organizasaun ativu sira mak empreza ki'ik.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;/&gt;

== Transporte ==

Shymkent mak nú transportasaun boot ida iha parte sul Kazakhstan. Rota rodoviária internasionál no inter-rejionál Tashkent—Shymkent—Taraz—Almaty no Tashkent—Shymkent—Turkistan—Samara liu hosi sidade ka besik nia territóriu. Linha ferru ne'ebé liga Tashkent, Arys, Taraz no Almaty mós liu iha ne'e.&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt;

=== Transporte urbanu ===

Rede autokarru mak baze transporte públiku. Expansaun territóriu sidade depois 2014 hamosu dezenvolvimentu estrada arteria no ligasaun transporte ba área rezidensiál foun. Pagamentu tarifa uza meiu eletróniku no karta transporte.

=== Transporte ferroviáriu ===

Estasaun Shymkent atende transporte pasajeiru no karga iha linha Tashkent—Arys—Taraz—Almaty. Iha parte osidentál sidade lokaliza estasaun junsaun boot Arys I, ne'ebé liga rota ba Turkistan, Kyzylorda no rejiaun norte Kazakhstan nian.

=== Transporte aéreu ===

Aeroportu Internasionál Shymkent atende voo doméstiku no internasionál no mak baze prinsipál kompañia aérea SCAT Airlines. Terminál pasajeiru foun loke iha 25 Dezembru 2024. Nia área mak 40 rihun m², no depois terminál hahú funsiona, kapasidade aeroportu aumenta hosi pasajeiru 800 rihun ba pasajeiru miliaun 6 kada tinan.&lt;ref name=&quot;airporthub&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/transport/press/news/details/1055087?lang=ru Aeroportu Astana, Almaty, Shymkent no Aktobe sei sai sentru multimodál nível mundiál]. Ministériu Transporte Repúblika Kazakhstan nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha 2025, voo internasionál diretu hosi Shymkent loke ba sidade balu iha Europa, Ázia Leste no Médiu Oriente. Planu dezenvolvimentu aeroportu inklui konstrusaun pista foun ho naruk km 3,5 no kriasaun nú transporte-lojístika multimodál.&lt;ref name=&quot;airroutes&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/transport/press/news/details/1004307?lang=ru Nú aéreu foun: voo diretu hosi Shymkent ba Europa no Ázia]. Ministériu Transporte Repúblika Kazakhstan nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;airporthub&quot;/&gt;

== Edukasaun no siénsia ==

Shymkent mak sentru edukasaun boot ida iha parte sul Kazakistan. Iha sidade iha instituisaun pré-eskolár, ensinu jerál sekundáriu, edukasaun tékniku-profisionál, ensinu superiór no pós-graduasaun. Estatístika rejionál ofisiál publika indikadór ketak kona-ba númeru universidade, estudante, mestradu, doutorandu, dosente no organizasaun ne'ebé hala'o peskiza no dezenvolvimentu.&lt;ref name=&quot;educationstats&quot;&gt;[https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/dynamic-tables/1473/ Série dinámika: edukasaun, siénsia no inovasaun iha sidade Shymkent]. Biro Estatístika Nasionál Ajénsia Planeamentu Estratéjiku no Reforma Repúblika Kazakhstan nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Instituisaun ensinu superiór boot liu inklui:

* Universidade Peskiza Kazakistan Sul M. O. Auezov — universidade multidisiplinár ho estatutu universidade peskiza;&lt;ref name=&quot;auezov&quot;&gt;[https://auezov.edu.kz/rus/ Universidade Peskiza Kazakistan Sul Mukhtar Auezov]. Universidade Kazakhstan Sul M. O. Auezov. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Akademia Médika Kazakistan Sul, ne'ebé prepara espesialista iha medísina no farmásia;&lt;ref name=&quot;skma&quot;&gt;[https://skma.edu.kz/ Akademia Médika Kazakistan Sul]. SKMA. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Universidade Pedagójika Kazakistan Sul Özbekäli Zhanibekov, ne'ebé espesializa iha formasaun profesór.&lt;ref name=&quot;zhanibekov&quot;&gt;[https://www.zhanibekov.edu.kz/ Universidade Pedagójika Kazakistan Sul Özbekäli Zhanibekov]. Zhanibekov University. Lian kazakh. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Universidade Shymkent, Universidade Miras, Universidade Inovasaun Ázia Sentral no instituisaun ensinu superiór seluk mós funsiona. Iha 2026, preparasaun projetu Universidade Kultura no Arte ketak kontinua, bazeia ba fakultade espesializadu hosi Universidade M. O. Auezov.&lt;ref name=&quot;cultureuni&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mam/press/news/details/1200906?lang=ru Universidade Kultura no Arte no Teatru Ópera no Balé foun: projetu boot rua sei implementa iha Shymkent]. Ministériu Kultura no Informasaun Repúblika Kazakhstan nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saúde ==

Shymkent hala'o funsaun hanesan sentru médiku boot ba parte sul Kazakhstan. Iha sidade funsiona ospitál multidisiplinár no sentru saúde, sentru perinatál, diagnóstiku, kardiolojia, onkolojia no moras infesioza, servisu ambulánsia, klínika privada no laboratóriu médiku. Edukasaun médika no espesializasaun farmaséutika sidade nian liga ho Akademia Médika Kazakhstan Sul no empreza indústria farmaséutika.

== Kultura ==

Iha sidade funsiona grupu teatru kazakh, rusianu no uzbek, museu, biblioteka, organizasaun konserto, espasu exibisaun, sirku no asosiasaun kriativa. Teatru prinsipál inklui Teatru Dramátiku Akadémiku Kazakh Zhumat Shanin, Teatru Dramátiku Rusianu, Teatru Ópera no Balé, Teatru Dramátiku Uzbek no teatru boneka no juventude sidade nian.

Rede museu inklui koleksaun istória-etnografia no arte, museu vítima represaun polítika, museu kostume no rituál, no exibisaun kompleksu istóriku-kulturál “Shymqala”.

Iha 2020, Shymkent partisipa iha programa interestadu “Kapitál Kulturál Komunidade” hanesan kapitál kulturál CEI. Iha tinan ne'ebá mós selebra aniversáriu tinan 2.200 sidade nian, ne'ebé tama iha kalendáriu data memorável UNESCO.&lt;ref name=&quot;cisculture&quot;&gt;[https://www.mfgs-sng.org/news/shymkent-otkryl-programmu--kul-turnaja-stolitsa-sng--0-0-/ Shymkent loke programa “Kapitál Kulturál CEI — 2020”]. Fundu Interestadu Kooperasaun Umanitária Estadu-membru CEI sira, 20 Juñu 2020. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fatin turístiku no turizmu ==

Objetu istóriku prinsipál sidade nian mak kompleksu “Shymqala”, ne'ebé harii iha territóriu povuasaun antigu no sitadela Kokand uluk. Nia integra zona arkeolójika, fortifikasaun ne'ebé rekonstrui, espasu museu no plataforma atu haree panoráma.&lt;ref name=&quot;archaeology&quot;/&gt;

Fatin koñesidu no espasu públiku inklui Prasa Ordabasy, monumentu “Zher-Ana”, Parke Independénsia, monumentu Baidibek-bi, Parke Abay, Parke Dendrolójiku Asanbay Askarov, Zoolójiku Shymkent, Arbat, bee-matan no zona promenade iha Koshkarata, meskita, igreja ortodoksa no arkitetura istórika ne'ebé sei rai.

Shymkent sai pontu hahú ba viajen ba Sayram, Parke Nasionál Sayram-Ugam, Rezerva Naturál Aksu-Zhabagly, Turkistan, Otrar no objetu naturál no istóriku-kulturál seluk iha parte sul Kazakistan.

== Arkitetura no planeamentu urbana ==

Estrutura urbana kombina sentru istóriku hale'u sitadela no kuarteira komérsiu antigu, zona rezidensiál períodu soviétiku no distritu prédium aas foun. Depois fronteira administrativu aumenta iha 2014, parte boot konstrusaun abitasaun no infraestrutura muda ba norte, oeste no noroeste sidade. Zona rezidensiál no negósiu Turan, Shymkent City, Bozaryk, Tassay no seluk kontinua dezenvolve.

Iha Janeiru—Juñu 2026, sidade inaugura área abitasaun 558,6 rihun m², inklui 445 rihun m² iha edifísiu apartamentu.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;/&gt; Dezenvolvimentu urbana akompaña ho konstrusaun estrada foun, rede engenharia, eskola, instalasaun médika no kulturál.

== Desportu ==

Iha Shymkent dezenvolve futebol, bokse, luta, levantamento pesu, jinástika, ténis, natasaun no siklismu. Klube futebol mane prinsipál mak FC Ordabasy, ne'ebé manán kampionatu Kazakhstan dala uluk iha 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;ordabasy2023&quot;&gt;[https://orda.kz/ordabasy-vpervye-stal-chempionom-kazahstana-378076/ “Ordabasy” sai kampiaun futebol Kazakhstan dala uluk]. Orda.kz, 23 Outubru 2023. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt; Klube feto BIIK-Shymkent manán kampionatu nasaun dala barak no partisipa iha torneiu klube europeiu.&lt;ref name=&quot;biik2023&quot;&gt;[https://kff.kz/ru/news/25518 “BIIK-Shymkent” — kampiaun Kazakhstan 2023 entre ekipa feto]. Federasaun Futebol Kazakhstan. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Instalasaun desportiva prinsipál inklui Estadiu Sentral Khadzhimukan Munaitpasov, kompleksu atletismu, palásiu desportu, sentru ténis no pisina.

== Ekolójia no arborizasaun ==

Ajenda ambientál sidade nian liga ho redusaun emisaun industrial no transporte, modernizasaun infraestrutura komunál, tratamentu bee foer, jestaun lixu sólidu doméstiku no preservasaun zona matak. Programa dezenvolvimentu sidade inklui gasifikasaun, renovasaun transporte públiku, rekonstrusaun leet mota no kanál, plantasaun ai no expansaun sintura matak.&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt;

Sistema bee-matan Koshkarata no Karasu, vale Badam, parke dendrolójiku no zona matak ho área totál liu hektare 5,3 rihun iha importánsia naturál no rekreativa espesiál.&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt;

== Sidade irmaun sira ==

Shymkent iha relasaun irmaun no parseria ho sidade sira tuirmai:

* [[Mogilev]] ([[Belarus]]);
* [[Stevenage]] ([[Reinu Unidu]]) — hosi 1990;
* [[Acharnes]] ([[Grésia]]);
* [[İzmir]] ([[Turkia]]) — hosi 2004;
* [[Pattaya]] ([[Tailándia]]) — hosi 2004;
* [[Grosseto]] ([[Itália]]);
* [[Baiyin]] ([[Xina]]) — hosi 16 Agostu 1994;
* [[Xi'an]] ([[Xina]]) — hosi Maiu 2023;
* [[Khujand]] ([[Tajikistan]]) — hosi 2003;
* [[Eskişehir]] ([[Turkia]]);
* [[Balıkesir]] ([[Turkia]]) — hosi 1995;
* [[Génova]] ([[Itália]]) — hosi Juñu 2023;
* [[Adana]] ([[Turkia]]) — hosi Dezembru 2021;
* [[Vanadzor]] ([[Arménia]]) — hosi Abril 2024;
* [[Osh]] ([[Kyrgyzstan]]) — hosi Outubru 2023;
* [[Plovdiv]] ([[Bulgária]]) — hosi 9 Juñu 2025;
* [[Faisalabad]] ([[Pakistaun]]) — hosi 10 Fevereiru 2026.

== Nebá mos ==

* [[Kazakistan]]
* [[Lista sidade iha Kazakistan]]
* [[Istória Kazakistan]]

== Referénsia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliografia ==

* Bartold, V. V. ''Obra sira. Volume III: Trabalhu kona-ba jeografia istórika''. Moskva: Nauka, 1965.
* Baipakov, K. M. ''Sidade medievál Kazakhstan iha Dalan Seda Boot''. Almaty.
* ''Koleksaun monumentu istória no kultura Kazakhstan. Oblast Kazakhstan Sul''. Almaty.
* ''Materiál peskiza arkeolójika sítio povuasaun Shymkent''. Shymkent.

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==

* [https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent Sítio ofisiál Administrasaun Sidade Shymkent]
* [https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/ Estatístika ofisiál sidade Shymkent]
* [https://visit-shymkent.com/ Portál turizmu ofisiál Visit Shymkent]
* [https://shymkent.invest.gov.kz/ru/ Portál investimentu sidade Shymkent]
* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shymkent Wikimedia Commons — Shymkent]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shymkent}}
[[Kategoria:Kazakistan]]
[[Kategoria:Sidade iha Kazakhstan]]
[[Kategoria:Sidade iha Dalan Seda]]</text>
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      <text bytes="26804" sha1="gv4i6vtlwr7xgm4sdijxc2jz1e0f095" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = Shymkent
| native_name             = {{lang|kk|Шымкент}}
| settlement_type         = Sidade ho importánsia republikana
| image_skyline           = Aerial View of Shymkent.jpg
| image_caption           = Vista aérea ba sentru Shymkent
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|42.3167|N|69.6000|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = Nasaun
| subdivision_name        = [[Kazakistaun]]
| subdivision_type1       = Estatutu
| subdivision_name1       = Sidade ho importánsia republikana
| established_title       = Mensiona dala uluk
| established_date        = Séklu XV (relasiona ho akontesimentu 1365—1366)
| leader_title            = Akim
| leader_name             = Gabit Syzdykbekov&lt;ref name=&quot;akimat&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent?lang=ru Administrasaun sidade Shymkent]. Plataforma integradu rekursu internet órgaun estadu Repúblika Kazakhstan nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 1163&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent/documents/details/572558?lang=ru Planu dezenvolvimentu sidade Shymkent ba 2021—2025]. Administrasaun sidade Shymkent, 21 Dezembru 2023. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 1308120&lt;ref name=&quot;population2026&quot;&gt;[https://stat.gov.kz/api/iblock/element/341320/file/ru/ Populasaun Repúblika Kazakhstan iha 1 Juñu 2026]. Biro Estatístika Nasionál Ajénsia Planeamentu Estratéjiku no Reforma Repúblika Kazakhstan nian, 1 Jullu 2026. XLSX. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_as_of        = 1 Juñu 2026
| population_density_km2  = 1125
| population_metro        = Aglomerasaun Shymkent
| demographics_type1      = Grupu étniku prinsipál
| demographics1_info1     = Kazakh, Uzbek, Rusianu no seluk
| timezone                = Oras Kazakistaun
| utc_offset              = +5
| postal_code_type        = Kódigu postál
| postal_code             = 160000
| area_code               = +7 7252
| registration_plate      = 17
| blank_name              = Kódigu KATO
| blank_info              = 511010000
| website                 = {{URL|https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent}}
}}

'''Shymkent''' ({{lang|kk|Шымкент}}; to'o tinan 1992, iha lian rusianu naran ofisiál hakerek hanesan '''Chimkent''') mak sidade ida iha parte sul [[Kazakistaun]] nian. Shymkent mak ida hosi sidade tolu ho importánsia republikana iha nasaun ne'e, hamutuk ho [[Astana]] no [[Almaty]]. Sidade ne'e forma unidade administrativu-territoriál ketak no la tama iha Provinsia Turkistan ne'ebé hale'u nia territóriu. Shymkent hetan estatutu sidade ho importánsia republikana iha 19 Juñu 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;decree2018&quot;&gt;[https://www.akorda.kz/ru/legal_acts/decrees/o-nekotoryh-voprosah-administrativno-territorialnogo-ustroistva-respubliki-kazahstan Kona-ba kestaun balu relasiona ho organizasaun administrativu-territoriál Repúblika Kazakistaun nian]. Sítio ofisiál Prezidente Repúblika Kazakistaun nian, 19 Juñu 2018. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha 1 Juñu 2026, sidade ne'e iha populasaun ema 1.308.120. Tuir númeru populasaun, Shymkent mak sidade boot liu datoluk iha Kazakistaun, depois de Almaty no Astana.&lt;ref name=&quot;population2026&quot;/&gt; Área administrativu sidade nian mak 1.163 km².&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt; Shymkent mak sentru prinsipál ida ba indústria, komérsiu, transporte, edukasaun no kultura iha parte sul nasaun nian. Indústria transformadora, komérsiu, konstrusaun, transporte no servisu sira iha papél boot iha ekonomia; refinasaun petróleu, farmásia, indústria ai-han no produsaun materiál konstrusaun mós importante.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;&gt;[https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/ Sidade Shymkent: rezultadu badak dezenvolvimentu sosiál-ekonómiku rejiaun nian]. Biro Estatístika Nasionál Ajénsia Planeamentu Estratéjiku no Reforma Repúblika Kazakistaun nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Peskiza arkeolójika iha sítio povuasaun antigu iha sentru istóriku deskobre estratu kulturál ho espessura totál to'o metru 14. Serámika hosi estratu kraik liu data hosi rohan séklu III to'o inísiu séklu II molok Kristu. Bazeia ba deskoberta ne'e, idade povuasaun urbana estimadu menus liu tinan 2.200.&lt;ref name=&quot;archaeology&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent-turizm/press/news/details/60485?lang=ru Sítio povuasaun antigu Shymkent]. Departamentu Turizmu, Relasaun Esterna no Indústria Kriativa Sidade Shymkent nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt; Maibé, datasaun arkeolójika povuasaun ne'e la hanesan ho data bainhira naran sidade mensiona dala uluk iha fonte eskrita. Naran Shymkent aparece iha ''Zafarnama'' husi Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi, ne'ebé kompostu iha séklu XV no deskreve akontesimentu tinan 1365—1366.&lt;ref name=&quot;zafar&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent-turizm/press/news/details/72607?lang=ru Razaun hitu atu vizita Shymkent]. Departamentu Turizmu, Relasaun Esterna no Indústria Kriativa Sidade Shymkent nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naran ==

Interpretasaun ne'ebé komún liga naran sidade ho elementu ''chim'' ka ''shym'', ne'ebé signifika “turf”, “du'ut”, “kampu du'ut” ka “rai matak”, no ''kent'', ne'ebé signifika “sidade” ka “povuasaun”. Tuir interpretasaun ida-ne'e, topónimu ne'e bele hatudu signifikadu “sidade matak”, “sidade iha leet kampu du'ut” ka “sidade ne'ebé moris-di'ak”. Elementu ''-kent'', ne'ebé mai hosi tradisaun topónimu iranianu antigu, mosu iha naran povuasaun barak iha Ázia Sentral, inklui [[Tashkent]], Zharkent no Mankent.&lt;ref name=&quot;investintro&quot;&gt;[https://shymkent.invest.gov.kz/ru/doing-business-here/intro/ Sidade Shymkent: informasaun jerál]. Kompañia Nasionál Kazakh Invest. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha fonte lian rusianu hosi séklu XIX no XX, forma '''Chimkent''' sai padraun. Iha 1914, sidade ne'e muda naran ba '''Chernyayev''' atu onra jenerál Mikhail Chernyayev, ne'ebé lidera forsa rusianu bainhira sira okupa sidade iha 1864. Iha 1924, naran uluk restaura. Tuir rezolusaun Prezídium Konsellu Supremu Repúblika Kazakhstan nian iha 8 Setembru 1992, transkrisaun rusianu husi naran ne'e padroniza ba forma '''Shymkent'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;rename1992&quot;&gt;[https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920001800_ Kona-ba mudansa naran no padronizasaun transkrisaun iha lian rusianu ba unidade administrativu-territoriál balu iha Repúblika Kazakhstan]. Sistema informasaun jurídika “Ädilet”, 8 Setembru 1992. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Istória ==

=== Antiguidade no Idade Média ===

Territóriu Shymkent modernu habita ona hosi tempu antigu tebes. Sítio povuasaun antigu lokaliza iha sentru istóriku sidade nian no okupa área besik hektare 4,5. Eskavasaun ne'ebé hala'o, inklui husi espesialista sira hosi Institutu Arkeolojia A. H. Margulan no Universidade Kazakistaun Sul M. O. Auezov, deskobre estratu kulturál ne'ebé kontinua hosi períodu antigu, Idade Média sedu no Idade Média tardiu.&lt;ref name=&quot;archaeology&quot;/&gt;

Dezenvolvimentu povuasaun ne'e liga ho nia pozisaun iha zona foho-oan Tianshan Osidentál, iha dalan entre vale Syr Darya, oázis [[Transoxiana]] no rejiaun estepe Kazakistaun nian. Iha besik ne'e iha Sayram, ne'ebé autór medievál sira koñese hanesan Ispijab no ne'ebé sai sentru boot ida iha rota [[Dalan Seda Boot]].

Naran Shymkent mensiona iha ''Zafarnama'' husi Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi bainhira nia konta akontesimentu tinan 1365—1366. Iha períodu oioin, sidade no nia arredór tama iha esfera influénsia estadu sira iha Ázia Sentral, inklui domíniu Timúrida no Kanatu Kazakh. Iha séklu XVII no XVIII, funu Kazakh–Dzungar afeta rejiaun ne'e; iha rohan séklu XVIII to'o metade dahuluk séklu XIX, Kanatu Kokand no Emiratu Bukhara kompeti atu kontrola sidade sira iha Kazakistaun Sul.

=== Kanatu Kokand no Impériu Rúsia ===

Iha inísiu séklu XIX, Shymkent tama iha Kanatu Kokand. Besik 1810, sidade transforma ba postu militár no administrativu ne'ebé fortifikadu. Fortaleza lokaliza iha fatin aas iha sentru povuasaun no kontrola estrada entre Tashkent, Turkistan no zona foho-oan.

Iha Setembru 1864, tropa rusianu okupa Chimkent. Depois ne'e, sidade sai sentru distritu iha Oblast Syr-Darya hosi Governadoria-Jerál Turkistan.&lt;ref name=&quot;history1864&quot;&gt;[https://auezov.edu.kz/media/attachments/2022/03/24/5-..-25-29.pdf Peskizadór rusianu sira kona-ba sidade Shymkent]. Universidade Kazakhstan Sul M. O. Auezov. PDF. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Antes revolusaun, ekonomia sidade bazeia ba komérsiu, artesanatu no prosesamentu matéria-prima agríkola. Iha década 1880, fábrica ida atu produz santonin hosi ai-fuan ''Artemisia cina'' funda, no sai antepasadu indústria farmaséutika modernu Shymkent nian. Konstrusaun linha ferru iha inísiu séklu XX aumenta importánsia sidade hanesan sentru komérsiu no transporte.

=== Períodu Soviétiku ===

Depois podér soviétiku estabelese, sidade ne'e tuir malu tama iha Repúblika Sosiálita Soviétika Autónoma Turkistan, Repúblika Sosiálita Soviétika Autónoma Kazakh no Repúblika Sosiálita Soviétika Kazakh. Iha 1924, sidade Chernyayev hetan fila-fali naran Chimkent. Iha 1932, nia sai kapitál administrativu hosi Oblast Kazakhstan Sul ne'ebé foin kria.&lt;ref name=&quot;museumhistory&quot;&gt;[https://museum.bhost.kz/index.php/ru/about-uko/history-uko/26-o-yuko/162-history-of-uko-part1 Istória Oblast Kazakhstan Sul hosi inísiu séklu XX]. Museu Istória no Etnografia Oblast Kazakhstan Sul nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha tempu industrializasaun, sidade harii no haboot empreza metalurjia la ferroz, indústria kímiku-farmaséutika, indústria mina no gordura, ai-han no indústria leve. Empreza boot liu mak Fábrika Xumbu Chimkent no fábrika kímiku-farmaséutika. Durante [[Funu Mundu Daruak|Funu Patriótiku Boot]], empreza no instituisaun hosi parte osidentál Uniaun Soviétika muda ba Chimkent; sidade sai sentru industrial ida iha retaguarda.

Iha dekada sira depois funu, populasaun no territóriu Chimkent aumenta lalais. Área rezidensiál foun, empreza engenharia no indústria konstrusaun, instituisaun edukasaun no saúde mosu. Iha década 1980, refinaria petróleu Shymkent hahú operasaun.

=== Kazakhstan independente ===

Depois Kazakistaun deklara independénsia, Shymkent kontinua sai sentru ekonómiku boot liu iha parte sul nasaun. Iha 1992, hakerek ofisiál iha lian rusianu muda hosi Chimkent ba Shymkent.&lt;ref name=&quot;rename1992&quot;/&gt;

Iha 2014, fronteira administrativu sidade aumenta maka'as liuhosi inkluzaun rai no povuasaun hosi distritu viziñu sira. Iha tinan ne'ebá mos kria distritu urbana dahaat, depois fó naran Karatau.&lt;ref name=&quot;district2014&quot;&gt;[https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V14UA002836 Kona-ba kriasaun distritu dahaat no determinasaun fronteira distritu sira iha sidade Shymkent]. Sistema informasaun jurídika “Ädilet”, 7 Outubru 2014. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha 19 Juñu 2018, Shymkent klasifika hanesan sidade ho importánsia republikana. Sentru administrativu Oblast Kazakistaun Sul muda ba Turkistan, no oblast ne'e muda naran ba Oblast Turkistan.&lt;ref name=&quot;decree2018&quot;/&gt; Iha 2022, kria distritu administrativu dalima — Turan.&lt;ref name=&quot;turan2022&quot;&gt;[https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V22E0029189 Kona-ba kriasaun distritu foun iha sidade Shymkent no fó naran “Turan”]. Sistema informasaun jurídika “Ädilet”, 12 Agostu 2022. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jeografia ==

=== Pozisaun jeográfika ===

Shymkent lokaliza iha parte sul Kazakistaun, iha planísie foho-oan hosi parte osidentál Tianshan, la dook tebes hosi fronteira ho [[Uzbekistaun]]. Sidade iha korredór transporte istóriku no modernu ne'ebé liga Tashkent, Turkistan, Taraz no Almaty. Territóriu administrativu okupa hektare 116.300, ka 1.163 km².&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt;

Mota prinsipál sira mak Badam no Koshkarata ho nia ramifikasaun Karasu. Iha sidade iha kanál sia ho naruk totál besik km 91, inklui kanál Badam, Shymkent, Yangichek, Tekesu no Koshkarata. Área floresta estadu no zona matak mak hektare 5.332,7.&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt;

=== Klima ===

Klima Shymkent mak kontinentál, ho veraun manas no naruk, no inverno ne'ebé relativu kmaan ba Kazakistaun. Udan barak liu normalmente monu iha parte malirin tinan nian no iha primavera; veraun maioria maran. Norma klimátika ba sidade kalkula husi empreza estadu Kazhydromet bazeia ba períodu 1991—2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;climate&quot;&gt;[https://www.kazhydromet.kz/ru/klimat/shymkent Karakterístika klimátika Shymkent]. Empreza Estadu “Kazhydromet”. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Divizaun administrativu ==

Shymkent fahe ba distritu administrativu lima: Abay, Al-Farabi, Enbekshi, Karatau no Turan.&lt;ref name=&quot;akimat&quot;/&gt; Tuir estimativa ne'ebé atualiza ba inísiu 2026, populasaun distritu sira distribui hanesan tuirmai:&lt;ref name=&quot;ethnos2026&quot;&gt;[https://stat.gov.kz/api/iblock/element/348012/file/ru/ Populasaun Repúblika Kazakistaun tuir grupu étniku balu iha inísiu 2026, folla “sidade Shymkent”]. Biro Estatístika Nasionál Ajénsia Planeamentu Estratéjiku no Reforma Repúblika Kazakhstan nian, 27 Marsu 2026. XLSX. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Distritu
! Populasaun iha inísiu 2026
|-
| Abay
| 259 325
|-
| Al-Farabi
| 262 566
|-
| Enbekshi
| 206 679
|-
| Karatau
| 334 139
|-
| Turan
| 231 341
|}

Xefe podér ezekutivu sidade nian mak akim. Gabit Syzdykbekov kaer kargu akim Shymkent nian.&lt;ref name=&quot;akimat&quot;/&gt;

== Populasaun ==

Iha inísiu 2026, populasaun sidade mak ema 1.294.050, no to'o 1 Juñu 2026 aumenta ba ema 1.308.120.&lt;ref name=&quot;ethnos2026&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;population2026&quot;/&gt; Ho área 1.163 km², densidade populasaun mak besik ema 1.125 kada km².

Iha Janeiru—Maiu 2026, kresimentu naturál mak ema 8.287: labarik 10.261 moris no ema 1.974 mate. Saldu migrasaun pozitivu mak ema 5.783, inklui ema 5.687 hosi migrasaun interna.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;/&gt;

=== Kompozisaun étnika ===

Shymkent mak sidade multiétniku. Tuir estimativa atualizada Biro Estatístika Nasionál nian ba inísiu 2026, grupu étniku boot liu mak:&lt;ref name=&quot;ethnos2026&quot;/&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Grupu étniku
! Númeru ema
! Persentajen
|-
| Kazakh
| 929 724
| 71,85
|-
| Uzbek
| 203 098
| 15,69
|-
| Rusianu
| 74 404
| 5,75
|-
| Azerbaijanu
| 23 814
| 1,84
|-
| Tatar
| 11 346
| 0,88
|-
| Seluk
| 51 664
| 3,99
|}

Lian estadu mak [[lian kazakh]]. Iha organizasaun estadu no órgaun governu lokál, lian rusianu uza ofisialmente hamutuk ho lian kazakh, tuir Konstituisaun Kazakistaun. Iha moris loron-loron, parte signifikativu populasaun mós uza [[lian uzbek]].

== Ekonomia ==

Shymkent mak ida hosi sentru industrial no komersiál boot liu iha Kazakistaun. Iha estrutura ekonomia nian, indústria transformadora, komérsiu grosista no retallista, konstrusaun, transporte, armazenamentu no servisu seluk iha papél importante.

Iha Janeiru—Marsu 2026, produtu rejionál brutu atinji 1,352 triliaun tenge; kresimentu reál kompara ho períodu hanesan iha 2025 mak 8,9%. Servisu reprezenta 61,6% hosi PRB, no produsaun bens reprezenta 30,1%.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;/&gt;

Iha Janeiru—Juñu 2026, volume produsaun industrial mak 817,46 biliaun tenge, aumenta 11% kompara ho tinan kotuk. Produsaun indústria transformadora aumenta 9,6%. Valór servisu konstrusaun atinji 136,26 biliaun tenge, no área uma foun ne'ebé inaugura mak 558,6 rihun m². Vendas retallista atinji 628,47 biliaun tenge. Investimentu iha kapitál fixu mak 308,38 biliaun tenge.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;/&gt;

Setór tradisionál inklui refinasaun petróleu, farmásia, produsaun ai-han no bebida, indústria tékstil no roupa, engenharia, metalurjia no produsaun materiál konstrusaun. Iha sidade funsiona Refinaria Petróleu Shymkent, fábrika farmaséutika no empreza simentu, ai-han no indústria leve. Zona Ekonómika Espesiál “Oñtüstik”, zona industrial no infraestrutura transporte-lojístika kontinua dezenvolve.

Iha 1 Jullu 2026, iha Shymkent rejista entidade jurídika 29.410; hosi ne'e 24.907 ativu. Maioria boot organizasaun ativu sira mak empreza ki'ik.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;/&gt;

== Transporte ==

Shymkent mak nú transportasaun boot ida iha parte sul Kazakhstan. Rota rodoviária internasionál no inter-rejionál Tashkent—Shymkent—Taraz—Almaty no Tashkent—Shymkent—Turkistan—Samara liu hosi sidade ka besik nia territóriu. Linha ferru ne'ebé liga Tashkent, Arys, Taraz no Almaty mós liu iha ne'e.&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt;

=== Transporte urbanu ===

Rede autokarru mak baze transporte públiku. Expansaun territóriu sidade depois 2014 hamosu dezenvolvimentu estrada arteria no ligasaun transporte ba área rezidensiál foun. Pagamentu tarifa uza meiu eletróniku no karta transporte.

=== Transporte ferroviáriu ===

Estasaun Shymkent atende transporte pasajeiru no karga iha linha Tashkent—Arys—Taraz—Almaty. Iha parte osidentál sidade lokaliza estasaun junsaun boot Arys I, ne'ebé liga rota ba Turkistan, Kyzylorda no rejiaun norte Kazakhstan nian.

=== Transporte aéreu ===

Aeroportu Internasionál Shymkent atende voo doméstiku no internasionál no mak baze prinsipál kompañia aérea SCAT Airlines. Terminál pasajeiru foun loke iha 25 Dezembru 2024. Nia área mak 40 rihun m², no depois terminál hahú funsiona, kapasidade aeroportu aumenta hosi pasajeiru 800 rihun ba pasajeiru miliaun 6 kada tinan.&lt;ref name=&quot;airporthub&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/transport/press/news/details/1055087?lang=ru Aeroportu Astana, Almaty, Shymkent no Aktobe sei sai sentru multimodál nível mundiál]. Ministériu Transporte Repúblika Kazakhstan nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha 2025, voo internasionál diretu hosi Shymkent loke ba sidade balu iha Europa, Ázia Leste no Médiu Oriente. Planu dezenvolvimentu aeroportu inklui konstrusaun pista foun ho naruk km 3,5 no kriasaun nú transporte-lojístika multimodál.&lt;ref name=&quot;airroutes&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/transport/press/news/details/1004307?lang=ru Nú aéreu foun: voo diretu hosi Shymkent ba Europa no Ázia]. Ministériu Transporte Repúblika Kazakhstan nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;airporthub&quot;/&gt;

== Edukasaun no siénsia ==

Shymkent mak sentru edukasaun boot ida iha parte sul Kazakistaun. Iha sidade iha instituisaun pré-eskolár, ensinu jerál sekundáriu, edukasaun tékniku-profisionál, ensinu superiór no pós-graduasaun. Estatístika rejionál ofisiál publika indikadór ketak kona-ba númeru universidade, estudante, mestradu, doutorandu, dosente no organizasaun ne'ebé hala'o peskiza no dezenvolvimentu.&lt;ref name=&quot;educationstats&quot;&gt;[https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/dynamic-tables/1473/ Série dinámika: edukasaun, siénsia no inovasaun iha sidade Shymkent]. Biro Estatístika Nasionál Ajénsia Planeamentu Estratéjiku no Reforma Repúblika Kazakhstan nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Instituisaun ensinu superiór boot liu inklui:

* Universidade Peskiza Kazakistaun Sul M. O. Auezov — universidade multidisiplinár ho estatutu universidade peskiza;&lt;ref name=&quot;auezov&quot;&gt;[https://auezov.edu.kz/rus/ Universidade Peskiza Kazakistaun Sul Mukhtar Auezov]. Universidade Kazakhstan Sul M. O. Auezov. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Akademia Médika Kazakistaun Sul, ne'ebé prepara espesialista iha medísina no farmásia;&lt;ref name=&quot;skma&quot;&gt;[https://skma.edu.kz/ Akademia Médika Kazakistaun Sul]. SKMA. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Universidade Pedagójika Kazakistaun Sul Özbekäli Zhanibekov, ne'ebé espesializa iha formasaun profesór.&lt;ref name=&quot;zhanibekov&quot;&gt;[https://www.zhanibekov.edu.kz/ Universidade Pedagójika Kazakistaun Sul Özbekäli Zhanibekov]. Zhanibekov University. Lian kazakh. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Universidade Shymkent, Universidade Miras, Universidade Inovasaun Ázia Sentral no instituisaun ensinu superiór seluk mós funsiona. Iha 2026, preparasaun projetu Universidade Kultura no Arte ketak kontinua, bazeia ba fakultade espesializadu hosi Universidade M. O. Auezov.&lt;ref name=&quot;cultureuni&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mam/press/news/details/1200906?lang=ru Universidade Kultura no Arte no Teatru Ópera no Balé foun: projetu boot rua sei implementa iha Shymkent]. Ministériu Kultura no Informasaun Repúblika Kazakhstan nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saúde ==

Shymkent hala'o funsaun hanesan sentru médiku boot ba parte sul Kazakhstan. Iha sidade funsiona ospitál multidisiplinár no sentru saúde, sentru perinatál, diagnóstiku, kardiolojia, onkolojia no moras infesioza, servisu ambulánsia, klínika privada no laboratóriu médiku. Edukasaun médika no espesializasaun farmaséutika sidade nian liga ho Akademia Médika Kazakistaun Sul no empreza indústria farmaséutika.

== Kultura ==

Iha sidade funsiona grupu teatru kazakh, rusianu no uzbek, museu, biblioteka, organizasaun konserto, espasu exibisaun, sirku no asosiasaun kriativa. Teatru prinsipál inklui Teatru Dramátiku Akadémiku Kazakh Zhumat Shanin, Teatru Dramátiku Rusianu, Teatru Ópera no Balé, Teatru Dramátiku Uzbek no teatru boneka no juventude sidade nian.

Rede museu inklui koleksaun istória-etnografia no arte, museu vítima represaun polítika, museu kostume no rituál, no exibisaun kompleksu istóriku-kulturál “Shymqala”.

Iha 2020, Shymkent partisipa iha programa interestadu “Kapitál Kulturál Komunidade” hanesan kapitál kulturál CEI. Iha tinan ne'ebá mós selebra aniversáriu tinan 2.200 sidade nian, ne'ebé tama iha kalendáriu data memorável UNESCO.&lt;ref name=&quot;cisculture&quot;&gt;[https://www.mfgs-sng.org/news/shymkent-otkryl-programmu--kul-turnaja-stolitsa-sng--0-0-/ Shymkent loke programa “Kapitál Kulturál CEI — 2020”]. Fundu Interestadu Kooperasaun Umanitária Estadu-membru CEI sira, 20 Juñu 2020. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fatin turístiku no turizmu ==

Objetu istóriku prinsipál sidade nian mak kompleksu “Shymqala”, ne'ebé harii iha territóriu povuasaun antigu no sitadela Kokand uluk. Nia integra zona arkeolójika, fortifikasaun ne'ebé rekonstrui, espasu museu no plataforma atu haree panoráma.&lt;ref name=&quot;archaeology&quot;/&gt;

Fatin koñesidu no espasu públiku inklui Prasa Ordabasy, monumentu “Zher-Ana”, Parke Independénsia, monumentu Baidibek-bi, Parke Abay, Parke Dendrolójiku Asanbay Askarov, Zoolójiku Shymkent, Arbat, bee-matan no zona promenade iha Koshkarata, meskita, igreja ortodoksa no arkitetura istórika ne'ebé sei rai.

Shymkent sai pontu hahú ba viajen ba Sayram, Parke Nasionál Sayram-Ugam, Rezerva Naturál Aksu-Zhabagly, Turkistan, Otrar no objetu naturál no istóriku-kulturál seluk iha parte sul Kazakistaun.

== Arkitetura no planeamentu urbana ==

Estrutura urbana kombina sentru istóriku hale'u sitadela no kuarteira komérsiu antigu, zona rezidensiál períodu soviétiku no distritu prédium aas foun. Depois fronteira administrativu aumenta iha 2014, parte boot konstrusaun abitasaun no infraestrutura muda ba norte, oeste no noroeste sidade. Zona rezidensiál no negósiu Turan, Shymkent City, Bozaryk, Tassay no seluk kontinua dezenvolve.

Iha Janeiru—Juñu 2026, sidade inaugura área abitasaun 558,6 rihun m², inklui 445 rihun m² iha edifísiu apartamentu.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;/&gt; Dezenvolvimentu urbana akompaña ho konstrusaun estrada foun, rede engenharia, eskola, instalasaun médika no kulturál.

== Desportu ==

Iha Shymkent dezenvolve futebol, bokse, luta, levantamento pesu, jinástika, ténis, natasaun no siklismu. Klube futebol mane prinsipál mak FC Ordabasy, ne'ebé manán kampionatu Kazakistaun dala uluk iha 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;ordabasy2023&quot;&gt;[https://orda.kz/ordabasy-vpervye-stal-chempionom-kazahstana-378076/ “Ordabasy” sai kampiaun futebol Kazakistaun dala uluk]. Orda.kz, 23 Outubru 2023. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt; Klube feto BIIK-Shymkent manán kampionatu nasaun dala barak no partisipa iha torneiu klube europeiu.&lt;ref name=&quot;biik2023&quot;&gt;[https://kff.kz/ru/news/25518 “BIIK-Shymkent” — kampiaun Kazakistaun 2023 entre ekipa feto]. Federasaun Futebol Kazakistaun. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Instalasaun desportiva prinsipál inklui Estadiu Sentral Khadzhimukan Munaitpasov, kompleksu atletismu, palásiu desportu, sentru ténis no pisina.

== Ekolójia no arborizasaun ==

Ajenda ambientál sidade nian liga ho redusaun emisaun industrial no transporte, modernizasaun infraestrutura komunál, tratamentu bee foer, jestaun lixu sólidu doméstiku no preservasaun zona matak. Programa dezenvolvimentu sidade inklui gasifikasaun, renovasaun transporte públiku, rekonstrusaun leet mota no kanál, plantasaun ai no expansaun sintura matak.&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt;

Sistema bee-matan Koshkarata no Karasu, vale Badam, parke dendrolójiku no zona matak ho área totál liu hektare 5,3 rihun iha importánsia naturál no rekreativa espesiál.&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt;

== Sidade irmaun sira ==

Shymkent iha relasaun irmaun no parseria ho sidade sira tuirmai:

* [[Mogilev]] ([[Belarus]]);
* [[Stevenage]] ([[Reinu Unidu]]) — hosi 1990;
* [[Acharnes]] ([[Grésia]]);
* [[İzmir]] ([[Turkia]]) — hosi 2004;
* [[Pattaya]] ([[Tailándia]]) — hosi 2004;
* [[Grosseto]] ([[Itália]]);
* [[Baiyin]] ([[Xina]]) — hosi 16 Agostu 1994;
* [[Xi'an]] ([[Xina]]) — hosi Maiu 2023;
* [[Khujand]] ([[Tajikistan]]) — hosi 2003;
* [[Eskişehir]] ([[Turkia]]);
* [[Balıkesir]] ([[Turkia]]) — hosi 1995;
* [[Génova]] ([[Itália]]) — hosi Juñu 2023;
* [[Adana]] ([[Turkia]]) — hosi Dezembru 2021;
* [[Vanadzor]] ([[Arménia]]) — hosi Abril 2024;
* [[Osh]] ([[Kyrgyzstan]]) — hosi Outubru 2023;
* [[Plovdiv]] ([[Bulgária]]) — hosi 9 Juñu 2025;
* [[Faisalabad]] ([[Pakistaun]]) — hosi 10 Fevereiru 2026.

== Nebá mos ==

* [[Kazakistaun]]
* [[Lista sidade iha Kazakistaun]]
* [[Istória Kazakistaun]]

== Referénsia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliografia ==

* Bartold, V. V. ''Obra sira. Volume III: Trabalhu kona-ba jeografia istórika''. Moskva: Nauka, 1965.
* Baipakov, K. M. ''Sidade medievál Kazakhstan iha Dalan Seda Boot''. Almaty.
* ''Koleksaun monumentu istória no kultura Kazakhstan. Oblast Kazakhstan Sul''. Almaty.
* ''Materiál peskiza arkeolójika sítio povuasaun Shymkent''. Shymkent.

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
* [https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent Sítio ofisiál Administrasaun Sidade Shymkent]
* [https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/ Estatístika ofisiál sidade Shymkent]
* [https://visit-shymkent.com/ Portál turizmu ofisiál Visit Shymkent]
* [https://shymkent.invest.gov.kz/ru/ Portál investimentu sidade Shymkent]
* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shymkent Wikimedia Commons — Shymkent]

[[Kategoria:Kazakistaun]]
[[Kategoria:Sidade iha Kazakhstan]]
[[Kategoria:Sidade iha Dalan Seda]]</text>
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| name                    = Shymkent
| native_name             = {{lang|kk|Шымкент}}
| settlement_type         = Sidade ho importánsia republikana
| image_skyline           = Aerial View of Shymkent.jpg
| image_caption           = Vista aérea ba sentru Shymkent
| pushpin_map             = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = 
| coordinates             = {{coord|42.3167|N|69.6000|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = Nasaun
| subdivision_name        = [[Kazakistaun]]
| subdivision_type1       = Estatutu
| subdivision_name1       = Sidade ho importánsia republikana
| established_title       = Mensiona dala uluk
| established_date        = Séklu XV (relasiona ho akontesimentu 1365—1366)
| leader_title            = Akim
| leader_name             = Gabit Syzdykbekov&lt;ref name=&quot;akimat&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent?lang=ru Administrasaun sidade Shymkent]. Plataforma integradu rekursu internet órgaun estadu Repúblika Kazakhstan nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
| area_total_km2          = 1163&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent/documents/details/572558?lang=ru Planu dezenvolvimentu sidade Shymkent ba 2021—2025]. Administrasaun sidade Shymkent, 21 Dezembru 2023. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_total        = 1308120&lt;ref name=&quot;population2026&quot;&gt;[https://stat.gov.kz/api/iblock/element/341320/file/ru/ Populasaun Repúblika Kazakhstan iha 1 Juñu 2026]. Biro Estatístika Nasionál Ajénsia Planeamentu Estratéjiku no Reforma Repúblika Kazakhstan nian, 1 Jullu 2026. XLSX. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_as_of        = 1 Juñu 2026
| population_density_km2  = 1125
| population_metro        = Aglomerasaun Shymkent
| demographics_type1      = Grupu étniku prinsipál
| demographics1_info1     = Kazakh, Uzbek, Rusianu no seluk
| timezone                = Oras Kazakistaun
| utc_offset              = +5
| postal_code_type        = Kódigu postál
| postal_code             = 160000
| area_code               = +7 7252
| registration_plate      = 17
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'''Shymkent''' ({{lang|kk|Шымкент}}; to'o tinan 1992, iha lian rusianu naran ofisiál hakerek hanesan '''Chimkent''') mak sidade ida iha parte sul [[Kazakistaun]] nian. Shymkent mak ida hosi sidade tolu ho importánsia republikana iha nasaun ne'e, hamutuk ho [[Astana]] no [[Almaty]]. Sidade ne'e forma unidade administrativu-territoriál ketak no la tama iha Provinsia Turkistan ne'ebé hale'u nia territóriu. Shymkent hetan estatutu sidade ho importánsia republikana iha 19 Juñu 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;decree2018&quot;&gt;[https://www.akorda.kz/ru/legal_acts/decrees/o-nekotoryh-voprosah-administrativno-territorialnogo-ustroistva-respubliki-kazahstan Kona-ba kestaun balu relasiona ho organizasaun administrativu-territoriál Repúblika Kazakistaun nian]. Sítio ofisiál Prezidente Repúblika Kazakistaun nian, 19 Juñu 2018. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha 1 Juñu 2026, sidade ne'e iha populasaun ema 1.308.120. Tuir númeru populasaun, Shymkent mak sidade boot liu datoluk iha Kazakistaun, depois de Almaty no Astana.&lt;ref name=&quot;population2026&quot;/&gt; Área administrativu sidade nian mak 1.163 km².&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt; Shymkent mak sentru prinsipál ida ba indústria, komérsiu, transporte, edukasaun no kultura iha parte sul nasaun nian. Indústria transformadora, komérsiu, konstrusaun, transporte no servisu sira iha papél boot iha ekonomia; refinasaun petróleu, farmásia, indústria ai-han no produsaun materiál konstrusaun mós importante.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;&gt;[https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/ Sidade Shymkent: rezultadu badak dezenvolvimentu sosiál-ekonómiku rejiaun nian]. Biro Estatístika Nasionál Ajénsia Planeamentu Estratéjiku no Reforma Repúblika Kazakistaun nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Peskiza arkeolójika iha sítio povuasaun antigu iha sentru istóriku deskobre estratu kulturál ho espessura totál to'o metru 14. Serámika hosi estratu kraik liu data hosi rohan séklu III to'o inísiu séklu II molok Kristu. Bazeia ba deskoberta ne'e, idade povuasaun urbana estimadu menus liu tinan 2.200.&lt;ref name=&quot;archaeology&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent-turizm/press/news/details/60485?lang=ru Sítio povuasaun antigu Shymkent]. Departamentu Turizmu, Relasaun Esterna no Indústria Kriativa Sidade Shymkent nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt; Maibé, datasaun arkeolójika povuasaun ne'e la hanesan ho data bainhira naran sidade mensiona dala uluk iha fonte eskrita. Naran Shymkent aparece iha ''Zafarnama'' husi Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi, ne'ebé kompostu iha séklu XV no deskreve akontesimentu tinan 1365—1366.&lt;ref name=&quot;zafar&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent-turizm/press/news/details/72607?lang=ru Razaun hitu atu vizita Shymkent]. Departamentu Turizmu, Relasaun Esterna no Indústria Kriativa Sidade Shymkent nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Naran ==

Interpretasaun ne'ebé komún liga naran sidade ho elementu ''chim'' ka ''shym'', ne'ebé signifika “turf”, “du'ut”, “kampu du'ut” ka “rai matak”, no ''kent'', ne'ebé signifika “sidade” ka “povuasaun”. Tuir interpretasaun ida-ne'e, topónimu ne'e bele hatudu signifikadu “sidade matak”, “sidade iha leet kampu du'ut” ka “sidade ne'ebé moris-di'ak”. Elementu ''-kent'', ne'ebé mai hosi tradisaun topónimu iranianu antigu, mosu iha naran povuasaun barak iha Ázia Sentral, inklui [[Tashkent]], Zharkent no Mankent.&lt;ref name=&quot;investintro&quot;&gt;[https://shymkent.invest.gov.kz/ru/doing-business-here/intro/ Sidade Shymkent: informasaun jerál]. Kompañia Nasionál Kazakh Invest. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha fonte lian rusianu hosi séklu XIX no XX, forma '''Chimkent''' sai padraun. Iha 1914, sidade ne'e muda naran ba '''Chernyayev''' atu onra jenerál Mikhail Chernyayev, ne'ebé lidera forsa rusianu bainhira sira okupa sidade iha 1864. Iha 1924, naran uluk restaura. Tuir rezolusaun Prezídium Konsellu Supremu Repúblika Kazakhstan nian iha 8 Setembru 1992, transkrisaun rusianu husi naran ne'e padroniza ba forma '''Shymkent'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;rename1992&quot;&gt;[https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920001800_ Kona-ba mudansa naran no padronizasaun transkrisaun iha lian rusianu ba unidade administrativu-territoriál balu iha Repúblika Kazakhstan]. Sistema informasaun jurídika “Ädilet”, 8 Setembru 1992. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Istória ==

=== Antiguidade no Idade Média ===

Territóriu Shymkent modernu habita ona hosi tempu antigu tebes. Sítio povuasaun antigu lokaliza iha sentru istóriku sidade nian no okupa área besik hektare 4,5. Eskavasaun ne'ebé hala'o, inklui husi espesialista sira hosi Institutu Arkeolojia A. H. Margulan no Universidade Kazakistaun Sul M. O. Auezov, deskobre estratu kulturál ne'ebé kontinua hosi períodu antigu, Idade Média sedu no Idade Média tardiu.&lt;ref name=&quot;archaeology&quot;/&gt;

Dezenvolvimentu povuasaun ne'e liga ho nia pozisaun iha zona foho-oan Tianshan Osidentál, iha dalan entre vale Syr Darya, oázis [[Transoxiana]] no rejiaun estepe Kazakistaun nian. Iha besik ne'e iha Sayram, ne'ebé autór medievál sira koñese hanesan Ispijab no ne'ebé sai sentru boot ida iha rota [[Dalan Seda Boot]].

Naran Shymkent mensiona iha ''Zafarnama'' husi Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi bainhira nia konta akontesimentu tinan 1365—1366. Iha períodu oioin, sidade no nia arredór tama iha esfera influénsia estadu sira iha Ázia Sentral, inklui domíniu Timúrida no Kanatu Kazakh. Iha séklu XVII no XVIII, funu Kazakh–Dzungar afeta rejiaun ne'e; iha rohan séklu XVIII to'o metade dahuluk séklu XIX, Kanatu Kokand no Emiratu Bukhara kompeti atu kontrola sidade sira iha Kazakistaun Sul.

=== Kanatu Kokand no Impériu Rúsia ===

Iha inísiu séklu XIX, Shymkent tama iha Kanatu Kokand. Besik 1810, sidade transforma ba postu militár no administrativu ne'ebé fortifikadu. Fortaleza lokaliza iha fatin aas iha sentru povuasaun no kontrola estrada entre Tashkent, Turkistan no zona foho-oan.

Iha Setembru 1864, tropa rusianu okupa Chimkent. Depois ne'e, sidade sai sentru distritu iha Oblast Syr-Darya hosi Governadoria-Jerál Turkistan.&lt;ref name=&quot;history1864&quot;&gt;[https://auezov.edu.kz/media/attachments/2022/03/24/5-..-25-29.pdf Peskizadór rusianu sira kona-ba sidade Shymkent]. Universidade Kazakhstan Sul M. O. Auezov. PDF. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Antes revolusaun, ekonomia sidade bazeia ba komérsiu, artesanatu no prosesamentu matéria-prima agríkola. Iha década 1880, fábrica ida atu produz santonin hosi ai-fuan ''Artemisia cina'' funda, no sai antepasadu indústria farmaséutika modernu Shymkent nian. Konstrusaun linha ferru iha inísiu séklu XX aumenta importánsia sidade hanesan sentru komérsiu no transporte.

=== Períodu Soviétiku ===

Depois podér soviétiku estabelese, sidade ne'e tuir malu tama iha Repúblika Sosiálita Soviétika Autónoma Turkistan, Repúblika Sosiálita Soviétika Autónoma Kazakh no Repúblika Sosiálita Soviétika Kazakh. Iha 1924, sidade Chernyayev hetan fila-fali naran Chimkent. Iha 1932, nia sai kapitál administrativu hosi Oblast Kazakhstan Sul ne'ebé foin kria.&lt;ref name=&quot;museumhistory&quot;&gt;[https://museum.bhost.kz/index.php/ru/about-uko/history-uko/26-o-yuko/162-history-of-uko-part1 Istória Oblast Kazakhstan Sul hosi inísiu séklu XX]. Museu Istória no Etnografia Oblast Kazakhstan Sul nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha tempu industrializasaun, sidade harii no haboot empreza metalurjia la ferroz, indústria kímiku-farmaséutika, indústria mina no gordura, ai-han no indústria leve. Empreza boot liu mak Fábrika Xumbu Chimkent no fábrika kímiku-farmaséutika. Durante [[Funu Mundu Daruak|Funu Patriótiku Boot]], empreza no instituisaun hosi parte osidentál Uniaun Soviétika muda ba Chimkent; sidade sai sentru industrial ida iha retaguarda.

Iha dekada sira depois funu, populasaun no territóriu Chimkent aumenta lalais. Área rezidensiál foun, empreza engenharia no indústria konstrusaun, instituisaun edukasaun no saúde mosu. Iha década 1980, refinaria petróleu Shymkent hahú operasaun.

=== Kazakhstan independente ===

Depois Kazakistaun deklara independénsia, Shymkent kontinua sai sentru ekonómiku boot liu iha parte sul nasaun. Iha 1992, hakerek ofisiál iha lian rusianu muda hosi Chimkent ba Shymkent.&lt;ref name=&quot;rename1992&quot;/&gt;

Iha 2014, fronteira administrativu sidade aumenta maka'as liuhosi inkluzaun rai no povuasaun hosi distritu viziñu sira. Iha tinan ne'ebá mos kria distritu urbana dahaat, depois fó naran Karatau.&lt;ref name=&quot;district2014&quot;&gt;[https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V14UA002836 Kona-ba kriasaun distritu dahaat no determinasaun fronteira distritu sira iha sidade Shymkent]. Sistema informasaun jurídika “Ädilet”, 7 Outubru 2014. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha 19 Juñu 2018, Shymkent klasifika hanesan sidade ho importánsia republikana. Sentru administrativu Oblast Kazakistaun Sul muda ba Turkistan, no oblast ne'e muda naran ba Oblast Turkistan.&lt;ref name=&quot;decree2018&quot;/&gt; Iha 2022, kria distritu administrativu dalima — Turan.&lt;ref name=&quot;turan2022&quot;&gt;[https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/V22E0029189 Kona-ba kriasaun distritu foun iha sidade Shymkent no fó naran “Turan”]. Sistema informasaun jurídika “Ädilet”, 12 Agostu 2022. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jeografia ==

=== Pozisaun jeográfika ===

Shymkent lokaliza iha parte sul Kazakistaun, iha planísie foho-oan hosi parte osidentál Tianshan, la dook tebes hosi fronteira ho [[Uzbekistaun]]. Sidade iha korredór transporte istóriku no modernu ne'ebé liga Tashkent, Turkistan, Taraz no Almaty. Territóriu administrativu okupa hektare 116.300, ka 1.163 km².&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt;

Mota prinsipál sira mak Badam no Koshkarata ho nia ramifikasaun Karasu. Iha sidade iha kanál sia ho naruk totál besik km 91, inklui kanál Badam, Shymkent, Yangichek, Tekesu no Koshkarata. Área floresta estadu no zona matak mak hektare 5.332,7.&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt;

=== Klima ===

Klima Shymkent mak kontinentál, ho veraun manas no naruk, no inverno ne'ebé relativu kmaan ba Kazakistaun. Udan barak liu normalmente monu iha parte malirin tinan nian no iha primavera; veraun maioria maran. Norma klimátika ba sidade kalkula husi empreza estadu Kazhydromet bazeia ba períodu 1991—2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;climate&quot;&gt;[https://www.kazhydromet.kz/ru/klimat/shymkent Karakterístika klimátika Shymkent]. Empreza Estadu “Kazhydromet”. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Divizaun administrativu ==

Shymkent fahe ba distritu administrativu lima: Abay, Al-Farabi, Enbekshi, Karatau no Turan.&lt;ref name=&quot;akimat&quot;/&gt; Tuir estimativa ne'ebé atualiza ba inísiu 2026, populasaun distritu sira distribui hanesan tuirmai:&lt;ref name=&quot;ethnos2026&quot;&gt;[https://stat.gov.kz/api/iblock/element/348012/file/ru/ Populasaun Repúblika Kazakistaun tuir grupu étniku balu iha inísiu 2026, folla “sidade Shymkent”]. Biro Estatístika Nasionál Ajénsia Planeamentu Estratéjiku no Reforma Repúblika Kazakhstan nian, 27 Marsu 2026. XLSX. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Distritu
! Populasaun iha inísiu 2026
|-
| Abay
| 259 325
|-
| Al-Farabi
| 262 566
|-
| Enbekshi
| 206 679
|-
| Karatau
| 334 139
|-
| Turan
| 231 341
|}

Xefe podér ezekutivu sidade nian mak akim. Gabit Syzdykbekov kaer kargu akim Shymkent nian.&lt;ref name=&quot;akimat&quot;/&gt;

== Populasaun ==

Iha inísiu 2026, populasaun sidade mak ema 1.294.050, no to'o 1 Juñu 2026 aumenta ba ema 1.308.120.&lt;ref name=&quot;ethnos2026&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;population2026&quot;/&gt; Ho área 1.163 km², densidade populasaun mak besik ema 1.125 kada km².

Iha Janeiru—Maiu 2026, kresimentu naturál mak ema 8.287: labarik 10.261 moris no ema 1.974 mate. Saldu migrasaun pozitivu mak ema 5.783, inklui ema 5.687 hosi migrasaun interna.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;/&gt;

=== Kompozisaun étnika ===

Shymkent mak sidade multiétniku. Tuir estimativa atualizada Biro Estatístika Nasionál nian ba inísiu 2026, grupu étniku boot liu mak:&lt;ref name=&quot;ethnos2026&quot;/&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
! Grupu étniku
! Númeru ema
! Persentajen
|-
| Kazakh
| 929 724
| 71,85
|-
| Uzbek
| 203 098
| 15,69
|-
| Rusianu
| 74 404
| 5,75
|-
| Azerbaijanu
| 23 814
| 1,84
|-
| Tatar
| 11 346
| 0,88
|-
| Seluk
| 51 664
| 3,99
|}

Lian estadu mak [[lian kazakh]]. Iha organizasaun estadu no órgaun governu lokál, lian rusianu uza ofisialmente hamutuk ho lian kazakh, tuir Konstituisaun Kazakistaun. Iha moris loron-loron, parte signifikativu populasaun mós uza [[lian uzbek]].

== Ekonomia ==

Shymkent mak ida hosi sentru industrial no komersiál boot liu iha Kazakistaun. Iha estrutura ekonomia nian, indústria transformadora, komérsiu grosista no retallista, konstrusaun, transporte, armazenamentu no servisu seluk iha papél importante.

Iha Janeiru—Marsu 2026, produtu rejionál brutu atinji 1,352 triliaun tenge; kresimentu reál kompara ho períodu hanesan iha 2025 mak 8,9%. Servisu reprezenta 61,6% hosi PRB, no produsaun bens reprezenta 30,1%.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;/&gt;

Iha Janeiru—Juñu 2026, volume produsaun industrial mak 817,46 biliaun tenge, aumenta 11% kompara ho tinan kotuk. Produsaun indústria transformadora aumenta 9,6%. Valór servisu konstrusaun atinji 136,26 biliaun tenge, no área uma foun ne'ebé inaugura mak 558,6 rihun m². Vendas retallista atinji 628,47 biliaun tenge. Investimentu iha kapitál fixu mak 308,38 biliaun tenge.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;/&gt;

Setór tradisionál inklui refinasaun petróleu, farmásia, produsaun ai-han no bebida, indústria tékstil no roupa, engenharia, metalurjia no produsaun materiál konstrusaun. Iha sidade funsiona Refinaria Petróleu Shymkent, fábrika farmaséutika no empreza simentu, ai-han no indústria leve. Zona Ekonómika Espesiál “Oñtüstik”, zona industrial no infraestrutura transporte-lojístika kontinua dezenvolve.

Iha 1 Jullu 2026, iha Shymkent rejista entidade jurídika 29.410; hosi ne'e 24.907 ativu. Maioria boot organizasaun ativu sira mak empreza ki'ik.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;/&gt;

== Transporte ==

Shymkent mak nú transportasaun boot ida iha parte sul Kazakhstan. Rota rodoviária internasionál no inter-rejionál Tashkent—Shymkent—Taraz—Almaty no Tashkent—Shymkent—Turkistan—Samara liu hosi sidade ka besik nia territóriu. Linha ferru ne'ebé liga Tashkent, Arys, Taraz no Almaty mós liu iha ne'e.&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt;

=== Transporte urbanu ===

Rede autokarru mak baze transporte públiku. Expansaun territóriu sidade depois 2014 hamosu dezenvolvimentu estrada arteria no ligasaun transporte ba área rezidensiál foun. Pagamentu tarifa uza meiu eletróniku no karta transporte.

=== Transporte ferroviáriu ===

Estasaun Shymkent atende transporte pasajeiru no karga iha linha Tashkent—Arys—Taraz—Almaty. Iha parte osidentál sidade lokaliza estasaun junsaun boot Arys I, ne'ebé liga rota ba Turkistan, Kyzylorda no rejiaun norte Kazakhstan nian.

=== Transporte aéreu ===

Aeroportu Internasionál Shymkent atende voo doméstiku no internasionál no mak baze prinsipál kompañia aérea SCAT Airlines. Terminál pasajeiru foun loke iha 25 Dezembru 2024. Nia área mak 40 rihun m², no depois terminál hahú funsiona, kapasidade aeroportu aumenta hosi pasajeiru 800 rihun ba pasajeiru miliaun 6 kada tinan.&lt;ref name=&quot;airporthub&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/transport/press/news/details/1055087?lang=ru Aeroportu Astana, Almaty, Shymkent no Aktobe sei sai sentru multimodál nível mundiál]. Ministériu Transporte Repúblika Kazakhstan nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Iha 2025, voo internasionál diretu hosi Shymkent loke ba sidade balu iha Europa, Ázia Leste no Médiu Oriente. Planu dezenvolvimentu aeroportu inklui konstrusaun pista foun ho naruk km 3,5 no kriasaun nú transporte-lojístika multimodál.&lt;ref name=&quot;airroutes&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/transport/press/news/details/1004307?lang=ru Nú aéreu foun: voo diretu hosi Shymkent ba Europa no Ázia]. Ministériu Transporte Repúblika Kazakhstan nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;airporthub&quot;/&gt;

== Edukasaun no siénsia ==

Shymkent mak sentru edukasaun boot ida iha parte sul Kazakistaun. Iha sidade iha instituisaun pré-eskolár, ensinu jerál sekundáriu, edukasaun tékniku-profisionál, ensinu superiór no pós-graduasaun. Estatístika rejionál ofisiál publika indikadór ketak kona-ba númeru universidade, estudante, mestradu, doutorandu, dosente no organizasaun ne'ebé hala'o peskiza no dezenvolvimentu.&lt;ref name=&quot;educationstats&quot;&gt;[https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/dynamic-tables/1473/ Série dinámika: edukasaun, siénsia no inovasaun iha sidade Shymkent]. Biro Estatístika Nasionál Ajénsia Planeamentu Estratéjiku no Reforma Repúblika Kazakhstan nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Instituisaun ensinu superiór boot liu inklui:

* Universidade Peskiza Kazakistaun Sul M. O. Auezov — universidade multidisiplinár ho estatutu universidade peskiza;&lt;ref name=&quot;auezov&quot;&gt;[https://auezov.edu.kz/rus/ Universidade Peskiza Kazakistaun Sul Mukhtar Auezov]. Universidade Kazakhstan Sul M. O. Auezov. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Akademia Médika Kazakistaun Sul, ne'ebé prepara espesialista iha medísina no farmásia;&lt;ref name=&quot;skma&quot;&gt;[https://skma.edu.kz/ Akademia Médika Kazakistaun Sul]. SKMA. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;
* Universidade Pedagójika Kazakistaun Sul Özbekäli Zhanibekov, ne'ebé espesializa iha formasaun profesór.&lt;ref name=&quot;zhanibekov&quot;&gt;[https://www.zhanibekov.edu.kz/ Universidade Pedagójika Kazakistaun Sul Özbekäli Zhanibekov]. Zhanibekov University. Lian kazakh. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Universidade Shymkent, Universidade Miras, Universidade Inovasaun Ázia Sentral no instituisaun ensinu superiór seluk mós funsiona. Iha 2026, preparasaun projetu Universidade Kultura no Arte ketak kontinua, bazeia ba fakultade espesializadu hosi Universidade M. O. Auezov.&lt;ref name=&quot;cultureuni&quot;&gt;[https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/mam/press/news/details/1200906?lang=ru Universidade Kultura no Arte no Teatru Ópera no Balé foun: projetu boot rua sei implementa iha Shymkent]. Ministériu Kultura no Informasaun Repúblika Kazakhstan nian. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Saúde ==

Shymkent hala'o funsaun hanesan sentru médiku boot ba parte sul Kazakhstan. Iha sidade funsiona ospitál multidisiplinár no sentru saúde, sentru perinatál, diagnóstiku, kardiolojia, onkolojia no moras infesioza, servisu ambulánsia, klínika privada no laboratóriu médiku. Edukasaun médika no espesializasaun farmaséutika sidade nian liga ho Akademia Médika Kazakistaun Sul no empreza indústria farmaséutika.

== Kultura ==

Iha sidade funsiona grupu teatru kazakh, rusianu no uzbek, museu, biblioteka, organizasaun konserto, espasu exibisaun, sirku no asosiasaun kriativa. Teatru prinsipál inklui Teatru Dramátiku Akadémiku Kazakh Zhumat Shanin, Teatru Dramátiku Rusianu, Teatru Ópera no Balé, Teatru Dramátiku Uzbek no teatru boneka no juventude sidade nian.

Rede museu inklui koleksaun istória-etnografia no arte, museu vítima represaun polítika, museu kostume no rituál, no exibisaun kompleksu istóriku-kulturál “Shymqala”.

Iha 2020, Shymkent partisipa iha programa interestadu “Kapitál Kulturál Komunidade” hanesan kapitál kulturál CEI. Iha tinan ne'ebá mós selebra aniversáriu tinan 2.200 sidade nian, ne'ebé tama iha kalendáriu data memorável UNESCO.&lt;ref name=&quot;cisculture&quot;&gt;[https://www.mfgs-sng.org/news/shymkent-otkryl-programmu--kul-turnaja-stolitsa-sng--0-0-/ Shymkent loke programa “Kapitál Kulturál CEI — 2020”]. Fundu Interestadu Kooperasaun Umanitária Estadu-membru CEI sira, 20 Juñu 2020. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Fatin turístiku no turizmu ==

Objetu istóriku prinsipál sidade nian mak kompleksu “Shymqala”, ne'ebé harii iha territóriu povuasaun antigu no sitadela Kokand uluk. Nia integra zona arkeolójika, fortifikasaun ne'ebé rekonstrui, espasu museu no plataforma atu haree panoráma.&lt;ref name=&quot;archaeology&quot;/&gt;

Fatin koñesidu no espasu públiku inklui Prasa Ordabasy, monumentu “Zher-Ana”, Parke Independénsia, monumentu Baidibek-bi, Parke Abay, Parke Dendrolójiku Asanbay Askarov, Zoolójiku Shymkent, Arbat, bee-matan no zona promenade iha Koshkarata, meskita, igreja ortodoksa no arkitetura istórika ne'ebé sei rai.

Shymkent sai pontu hahú ba viajen ba Sayram, Parke Nasionál Sayram-Ugam, Rezerva Naturál Aksu-Zhabagly, Turkistan, Otrar no objetu naturál no istóriku-kulturál seluk iha parte sul Kazakistaun.

== Arkitetura no planeamentu urbana ==

Estrutura urbana kombina sentru istóriku hale'u sitadela no kuarteira komérsiu antigu, zona rezidensiál períodu soviétiku no distritu prédium aas foun. Depois fronteira administrativu aumenta iha 2014, parte boot konstrusaun abitasaun no infraestrutura muda ba norte, oeste no noroeste sidade. Zona rezidensiál no negósiu Turan, Shymkent City, Bozaryk, Tassay no seluk kontinua dezenvolve.

Iha Janeiru—Juñu 2026, sidade inaugura área abitasaun 558,6 rihun m², inklui 445 rihun m² iha edifísiu apartamentu.&lt;ref name=&quot;stat2026&quot;/&gt; Dezenvolvimentu urbana akompaña ho konstrusaun estrada foun, rede engenharia, eskola, instalasaun médika no kulturál.

== Desportu ==

Iha Shymkent dezenvolve futebol, bokse, luta, levantamento pesu, jinástika, ténis, natasaun no siklismu. Klube futebol mane prinsipál mak FC Ordabasy, ne'ebé manán kampionatu Kazakistaun dala uluk iha 2023.&lt;ref name=&quot;ordabasy2023&quot;&gt;[https://orda.kz/ordabasy-vpervye-stal-chempionom-kazahstana-378076/ “Ordabasy” sai kampiaun futebol Kazakistaun dala uluk]. Orda.kz, 23 Outubru 2023. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt; Klube feto BIIK-Shymkent manán kampionatu nasaun dala barak no partisipa iha torneiu klube europeiu.&lt;ref name=&quot;biik2023&quot;&gt;[https://kff.kz/ru/news/25518 “BIIK-Shymkent” — kampiaun Kazakistaun 2023 entre ekipa feto]. Federasaun Futebol Kazakistaun. Aksesu iha 29 Jullu 2026.&lt;/ref&gt;

Instalasaun desportiva prinsipál inklui Estadiu Sentral Khadzhimukan Munaitpasov, kompleksu atletismu, palásiu desportu, sentru ténis no pisina.

== Ekolójia no arborizasaun ==

Ajenda ambientál sidade nian liga ho redusaun emisaun industrial no transporte, modernizasaun infraestrutura komunál, tratamentu bee foer, jestaun lixu sólidu doméstiku no preservasaun zona matak. Programa dezenvolvimentu sidade inklui gasifikasaun, renovasaun transporte públiku, rekonstrusaun leet mota no kanál, plantasaun ai no expansaun sintura matak.&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt;

Sistema bee-matan Koshkarata no Karasu, vale Badam, parke dendrolójiku no zona matak ho área totál liu hektare 5,3 rihun iha importánsia naturál no rekreativa espesiál.&lt;ref name=&quot;development&quot;/&gt;

== Sidade irmaun sira ==

Shymkent iha relasaun irmaun no parseria ho sidade sira tuirmai:

* [[Mogilev]] ([[Belarus]]);
* [[Stevenage]] ([[Reinu Unidu]]) — hosi 1990;
* [[Acharnes]] ([[Grésia]]);
* [[İzmir]] ([[Turkia]]) — hosi 2004;
* [[Pattaya]] ([[Tailándia]]) — hosi 2004;
* [[Grosseto]] ([[Itália]]);
* [[Baiyin]] ([[Xina]]) — hosi 16 Agostu 1994;
* [[Xi'an]] ([[Xina]]) — hosi Maiu 2023;
* [[Khujand]] ([[Tajikistan]]) — hosi 2003;
* [[Eskişehir]] ([[Turkia]]);
* [[Balıkesir]] ([[Turkia]]) — hosi 1995;
* [[Génova]] ([[Itália]]) — hosi Juñu 2023;
* [[Adana]] ([[Turkia]]) — hosi Dezembru 2021;
* [[Vanadzor]] ([[Arménia]]) — hosi Abril 2024;
* [[Osh]] ([[Kyrgyzstan]]) — hosi Outubru 2023;
* [[Plovdiv]] ([[Bulgária]]) — hosi 9 Juñu 2025;
* [[Faisalabad]] ([[Pakistaun]]) — hosi 10 Fevereiru 2026.

== Nebá mos ==

* [[Kazakistaun]]
* [[Lista sidade iha Kazakistaun]]
* [[Istória Kazakistaun]]

== Referénsia ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Bibliografia ==

* Bartold, V. V. ''Obra sira. Volume III: Trabalhu kona-ba jeografia istórika''. Moskva: Nauka, 1965.
* Baipakov, K. M. ''Sidade medievál Kazakistaun iha Dalan Seda Boot''. Almaty.
* ''Koleksaun monumentu istória no kultura Kazakistaun. Oblast Kazakistaun Sul''. Almaty.
* ''Materiál peskiza arkeolójika sítio povuasaun Shymkent''. Shymkent.

== Ligasaun ba li'ur ==
* [https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/shymkent Sítio ofisiál Administrasaun Sidade Shymkent]
* [https://stat.gov.kz/ru/region/shymkent/ Estatístika ofisiál sidade Shymkent]
* [https://visit-shymkent.com/ Portál turizmu ofisiál Visit Shymkent]
* [https://shymkent.invest.gov.kz/ru/ Portál investimentu sidade Shymkent]
* [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Shymkent Wikimedia Commons — Shymkent]

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