Wikipedia tetwiki https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1jina_Mahuluk MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.18 first-letter Media Espesiál Diskusaun Uza-na'in Diskusaun Uza-na'in Wikipedia Diskusaun Wikipedia Imajen Diskusaun Imajen MediaWiki Diskusaun MediaWiki Template Diskusaun Template Ajuda Diskusaun Ajuda Kategoria Diskusaun Kategoria TimedText TimedText talk Módulo Módulo Discussão Evento Evento Discussão 10 9252 75462 75313 2026-09-05T20:49:50Z Robertsky 10424 update label 75462 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{Infobox | child = {{if empty|{{{embed|}}}|{{{child|}}}}} | bodyclass = vcard | autoheaders = yes | aboveclass = n | abovestyle = font-size:125%;color: #202122; background-color:{{#switch:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}}|priest=#BDBDBD|pope=#F7D79C|cardinal=#FFA4A4|#default=#DFB0DF}}; | above = {{br separated entries | 1 = {{#if:{{{honorific_prefix|}}}|<div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;display:inline;">{{{honorific_prefix|}}}</div>}} | 2 = <div 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archdiocese | attributes | baptised | baptized | beatified_by | beatified_date | beatified_place | birth_date | birth_name | birth_place | buried | canonized_by | canonized_date | canonized_place | caption | cardinal | child | children | church | citizenship | coat_of_arms | coat_of_arms_alt | consecrated_by | consecration | created_cardinal_by | death_cause | death_date | death_place | denomination | diocese | education | elected | embed | feast_day | honorific_prefix | honorific_suffix | image | image_size | image_upright | laicized | metropolis | module | module2 | motto | name | native_name | native_name_lang | occupation | opposed | ordained_by | ordination | other | other_post | parents | partner | patronage | predecessor | previous_post | profession | province | quashed | rank | residence | resting_place_coordinates | retired | saint_title | see | shrine | signature | signature_alt | signature_type | spouse | successor | suppressed_date | term | term_end | term_start | title | type | venerated }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox Christian leader]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox Christian leader with conflicting parameters}} | embed; child | term; term_start | term; term_end | baptized; baptised }}{{#if:{{{alma_mater|}}}|{{preview warning|Page using [[Template:Infobox Christian leader]] with deprecated parameter {{code|alma_mater}} which should be merged with/replace by {{code|education}}.}}{{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox Christian leader with deprecated parameters]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} <!-- place category and language links on the /doc page, not here --> </noinclude> m0tf3bq6lx33e4ewruu98jycia275oa 0 9374 75460 75458 2026-09-05T13:26:13Z J. Patrick Fischer 73 75460 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Imajen:Salzgewinnung in Atabae 03.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Masin meza husi [[Atabae (postu administrativu)|Atabae]]]] '''Masin-midar''' nian maka kompostu [[Kímika|kímiku]] ida. [[Molékula]] ne'e kompostu husi [[átomu]] [[sódiu]] ida no átomu [[kloru]] ida, tanba ne'e maka kompostu ne'e mós hanaran '''kloridu sódiu''' ([[Lia-inglés]]: Sodium Chloride). Fórmula kímika maka '''NaCl'''. Kloridu sódiu maka minerál ne'ebé importante liu ba ema no animál sira. Ema adultu ida nia isin iha masin-midar 150-300 g<ref name="woch">Spektrum Lexikon der Chemie: [http://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/chemie/natriumchlorid/6147 Natriumchlorid].</ref> no lakon grama 3-20 loron-loron, ne'ebé tenke troka. Ida-ne'e hetan ona mina iha tempu pré-istóriku no sai nafatin sasán karun ida ba tempu naruk. == Akontese == Kloridu sódiu barak iha natureza. Tasi-been iha maizumenus 3% kloridu sódiu, hamutuk 3.6 × 10¹⁶ tonelada<ref>Werner Gwosdz: ''Salz-Gemeinschaftsunternehmen esco.'' Hannover: Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, 2002 ([http://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Gemeinsames/Produkte/Downloads/Commodity_Top_News/Rohstoffwirtschaft/16_salz_esco.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2 Commodity Top News 16]).</ref> Aleinde ne'e, mineral [[halite]] kompostu husi kloridu sódiu to'o 98%. Ida-ne'e hetan iha depózitu masin fatuk nian ne'ebé forma iha tempu jeolójiku sira hosi baía tasi nian. Mineral ne'e forma bainhira tasi-been evapora.<ref>Martin Bertau, Armin Müller, Peter Fröhlich, Michael Katzberg, Karl Heinz Büchel, Hans-Heinrich Moretto, Dietmar Werner: ''Industrielle Anorganische Chemie'', John Wiley & Sons 2013, ISBN 978-3-527-64958-7.</ref> Kamada masin fatuk nian maka plástiku no tanba ne'e dala barak hetan deformasaun tanba prosesu jeolójiku sira. Bainhira depózitu masin iha foho-lolon ida mosu iha superfísie, glaciar masin ida bele forma. == Estrasaun == [[Imajen:2022-10-08 Salzproduktion in Laga 1.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Produsaun masin iha [[Laga (postu administrativu)|Laga]]]] Kloridu sódiu hasai iha eskala boot hosi depózitu tasi no rai okos. Masin husi lagoa masin no depózitu superfísie sira seluk maka hetan de'it iha pontu limitadu. Produsaun globál iha 2020 liu tonelada millaun 280, ho masin fatuk no masin tasi nian ne'ebé reprezenta maizumenus 70% no 30% hosi totál ida-ne'e, respetivamente. Hasai masin husi tasi-been ne’e ekonomikamente viável de’it iha área tasi-ibun ho nivel loro-matan aas no udan-been ne’ebé menus. Ba prosesu ida-ne'e, tasi-been kanaliza liuhosi bacias hidrograficas ne'ebé ladún klean, ho kaskada, iha ne'ebé konsentrasaun masin aumenta liuhosi evaporasaun naturál. Masin ne'ebé presipitadu hafoin ne'e halo kompaktu no maran. Ba de'it masin-midar ne'ebé karun ([[Lia-fransés]]: fleur de sel, "ai-funan masin nian") maka ida-ne'e hasai bainhira namlele iha superfísie. Iha mina masin, masin fatuk nian bele hasai, tesi, ka disolve hosi fatuk uza bee. == Karakteristiku == [[Imajen:NaCl polyhedra.svg|miniaturadaimagem|Estrutura husi kloridu sódiu. Átomo sódiu nian hatudu iha kinur, átomo kloru nian iha kór verde.]] Kloridu sódiu forma kristal sira ne'ebé laiha kór ho estrutura kúbiku. La hanesan ho kristal sira seluk, sira la'ós birefringente. Iha estrutura ida-ne'e, kada núkleu sódiu no kloridu ida-idak hale'u ho núkleu seluk. Estrutura hexagonal ida bele produz iha kamada ida ne'ebé mihis iha superfísie diamante ida.<ref name="Kvashnin">Kseniya A. Tikhomirova, Christian Tantardini, Ekaterina V. Sukhanova, Zakhar I. Popov, Stanislav A. Evlashin*, Mikhail A. Tarkhov, Vladislav L. Zhdanov, Alexander A. Dudin, Artem R. Oganov, Dmitry G. Kvashnin, Alexander G. Kvashnin: ''Exotic Two-Dimensional Structure: The First Case of Hexagonal NaCl'', J._Phys._Chem._Lett. 11 (2020) 3821–3827, DOI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00874.</ref> Ida-ne'e soluvel tebes iha bee, ho de'it dependénsia uitoan ba temperatura.<ref name="Ullmann">G. Westphal, G. Kristen, W. Wegener, P. Ambatiello, H. Geyer, B. Epron, C. Bonal, G. Steinhauser, F. Götzfried: ''Sodium Chloride'', Ullmanns Enzyklopädie der Technischen Chemie, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 2012; DOI 10.1002/14356007.a24_317.pub4.</ref> Solusaun akuoza no derretidu konduz eletrisidade tanba (eletrolítiku no termál) dissosiasaun kloridu sódiu nian ba nia [[Ion|ion]] sira. Kondutividade husi derretimentu aumenta ho temperatura. Iha parte seluk, kloridu sódiu ne'ebé moos no kristalina, pratikamente la kondutivu.<ref name="Ullmann" /> Massa molar maka 58.44 g/mol. Densidade maka 2.1615 g/cm³ (25 °C). Iha derretimentu iha 801 °C: 1.549 g/cm³.<ref name="Ullmann" /> Kloridu sódiu nakfera iha 801 °C no evapora iha 1461 °C. Ida-ne'e disolve ho di'ak iha bee (358 g/l bee iha 20 °C)<ref name="Roempp">RömppOnline: ID: RD-14-00370, Natriumchlorid.</ref> no soluvel iha [[metanol]] (1.31 g/100 g) no [[Etanol|etanol]] (0.065 g/100 g iha 25 °C).<ref name="Ullmann" /> == Uza == [[Imajen:Speisesalz.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Masin-midar]] Kloridu sódiu maka komponente importante ida hosi ema nia dieta. Ida-ne'e uza atu temperu kuaze ai-han hotu-hotu. [[Karau]], [[bibi]] no animál hakiak sira seluk mós presiza masin. Masin meza nian mós uza atu prezerva ai-han. Ida-ne'e hasai bee hosi ai-han no oho mikrobiu sira. Masin-midar barak liu bele hamosu hipernatremia, ne'ebé bele sai fatal. Doze letal ba adultu sira kalkula iha grama 0.5 to'o 5 kada kilograma pezu isin nian.<ref name="GESTIS">GESTIS: Natriumchlorid, ZVG 1330, CAS 7647-14-5.</ref> Maibé, kloridu sódiu barak liu maka uza iha indústria. Ida-ne'e serve hanesan matéria-prima iha indústria kímika no ba objetivu sira seluk. Iha nasaun sira ne'ebé malirin, kloridu sódiu espalla iha estrada sira iha tempu bailoron hodi halo jelu sai been no prevene sidi. Iha produsaun sasán meza nian no serámika sira seluk, esmalte masin tradisionál kria liuhosi aumenta masin úmidu iha temperatura aas. Ion sódiu husi masin-midar, ne'ebé maka disosia iha atmosfera fornu nian, kombina ho [[silikatu]] sira iha rai-mean hodi forma esmalte ida ne'ebé maka dura. Maibé, masin ne'e agresivu iha temperatura operasionál sira (1,200 °C no aas liu) no estraga fornu nia laran (izolamentu termál iha ahi nia sorin), ne'ebé tanba ne'e presiza atu troka beibeik liután. Efeitu ionizasaun husi masin uza iha prosesamentu metal. Iha medisina modernu, solusaun 0.9% husi kloridu sódiu iha bee (solusaun masin isotónika) uza hanesan solusaun portadora ba ai-moruk sira.<ref>M. D. Stoneham, E. L. Hill: ''Variability in post-operative fluid and electrolyte prescription'', The British Journal of Clinical Practice, Vol. 51, No. 2, p.82–84.</ref> Masin-manas sira uza hanesan ai-moruk. Spa hela iha tasi-ibun ka iha anin masin hosi masin-fatin sira, no uluk mós iha mina masin nian, uza hodi trata moras respiratóriu sira. Bainhira ida-ne'e la posivel ka karun liu, uza dispozitivu inalasaun nian, iha ne'ebé [[aerosol]] masin nian inhala. Solusaun masin mós uza ba irigasaun nazál no gargara. Solusaun masin isotónika uza ba irigasaun nazál, tanba bee baibain sei halo membrana mukoza sira sai bubu tanba [[osmoze]]. == Ligasaun ba li'ur == {{Commons|Category:Sodium chloride|Kloridu sódiu}} == Referensia == <references /> [[Kategoria:Kompostu kímiku]] o888xpdpdxtpqlvu9v94n8pycqrxg3m 75461 75460 2026-09-05T13:26:40Z J. Patrick Fischer 73 /* Uza */ 75461 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Imajen:Salzgewinnung in Atabae 03.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Masin meza husi [[Atabae (postu administrativu)|Atabae]]]] '''Masin-midar''' nian maka kompostu [[Kímika|kímiku]] ida. [[Molékula]] ne'e kompostu husi [[átomu]] [[sódiu]] ida no átomu [[kloru]] ida, tanba ne'e maka kompostu ne'e mós hanaran '''kloridu sódiu''' ([[Lia-inglés]]: Sodium Chloride). Fórmula kímika maka '''NaCl'''. Kloridu sódiu maka minerál ne'ebé importante liu ba ema no animál sira. Ema adultu ida nia isin iha masin-midar 150-300 g<ref name="woch">Spektrum Lexikon der Chemie: [http://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/chemie/natriumchlorid/6147 Natriumchlorid].</ref> no lakon grama 3-20 loron-loron, ne'ebé tenke troka. Ida-ne'e hetan ona mina iha tempu pré-istóriku no sai nafatin sasán karun ida ba tempu naruk. == Akontese == Kloridu sódiu barak iha natureza. Tasi-been iha maizumenus 3% kloridu sódiu, hamutuk 3.6 × 10¹⁶ tonelada<ref>Werner Gwosdz: ''Salz-Gemeinschaftsunternehmen esco.'' Hannover: Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, 2002 ([http://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Gemeinsames/Produkte/Downloads/Commodity_Top_News/Rohstoffwirtschaft/16_salz_esco.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2 Commodity Top News 16]).</ref> Aleinde ne'e, mineral [[halite]] kompostu husi kloridu sódiu to'o 98%. Ida-ne'e hetan iha depózitu masin fatuk nian ne'ebé forma iha tempu jeolójiku sira hosi baía tasi nian. Mineral ne'e forma bainhira tasi-been evapora.<ref>Martin Bertau, Armin Müller, Peter Fröhlich, Michael Katzberg, Karl Heinz Büchel, Hans-Heinrich Moretto, Dietmar Werner: ''Industrielle Anorganische Chemie'', John Wiley & Sons 2013, ISBN 978-3-527-64958-7.</ref> Kamada masin fatuk nian maka plástiku no tanba ne'e dala barak hetan deformasaun tanba prosesu jeolójiku sira. Bainhira depózitu masin iha foho-lolon ida mosu iha superfísie, glaciar masin ida bele forma. == Estrasaun == [[Imajen:2022-10-08 Salzproduktion in Laga 1.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Produsaun masin iha [[Laga (postu administrativu)|Laga]]]] Kloridu sódiu hasai iha eskala boot hosi depózitu tasi no rai okos. Masin husi lagoa masin no depózitu superfísie sira seluk maka hetan de'it iha pontu limitadu. Produsaun globál iha 2020 liu tonelada millaun 280, ho masin fatuk no masin tasi nian ne'ebé reprezenta maizumenus 70% no 30% hosi totál ida-ne'e, respetivamente. Hasai masin husi tasi-been ne’e ekonomikamente viável de’it iha área tasi-ibun ho nivel loro-matan aas no udan-been ne’ebé menus. Ba prosesu ida-ne'e, tasi-been kanaliza liuhosi bacias hidrograficas ne'ebé ladún klean, ho kaskada, iha ne'ebé konsentrasaun masin aumenta liuhosi evaporasaun naturál. Masin ne'ebé presipitadu hafoin ne'e halo kompaktu no maran. Ba de'it masin-midar ne'ebé karun ([[Lia-fransés]]: fleur de sel, "ai-funan masin nian") maka ida-ne'e hasai bainhira namlele iha superfísie. Iha mina masin, masin fatuk nian bele hasai, tesi, ka disolve hosi fatuk uza bee. == Karakteristiku == [[Imajen:NaCl polyhedra.svg|miniaturadaimagem|Estrutura husi kloridu sódiu. Átomo sódiu nian hatudu iha kinur, átomo kloru nian iha kór verde.]] Kloridu sódiu forma kristal sira ne'ebé laiha kór ho estrutura kúbiku. La hanesan ho kristal sira seluk, sira la'ós birefringente. Iha estrutura ida-ne'e, kada núkleu sódiu no kloridu ida-idak hale'u ho núkleu seluk. Estrutura hexagonal ida bele produz iha kamada ida ne'ebé mihis iha superfísie diamante ida.<ref name="Kvashnin">Kseniya A. Tikhomirova, Christian Tantardini, Ekaterina V. Sukhanova, Zakhar I. Popov, Stanislav A. Evlashin*, Mikhail A. Tarkhov, Vladislav L. Zhdanov, Alexander A. Dudin, Artem R. Oganov, Dmitry G. Kvashnin, Alexander G. Kvashnin: ''Exotic Two-Dimensional Structure: The First Case of Hexagonal NaCl'', J._Phys._Chem._Lett. 11 (2020) 3821–3827, DOI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00874.</ref> Ida-ne'e soluvel tebes iha bee, ho de'it dependénsia uitoan ba temperatura.<ref name="Ullmann">G. Westphal, G. Kristen, W. Wegener, P. Ambatiello, H. Geyer, B. Epron, C. Bonal, G. Steinhauser, F. Götzfried: ''Sodium Chloride'', Ullmanns Enzyklopädie der Technischen Chemie, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 2012; DOI 10.1002/14356007.a24_317.pub4.</ref> Solusaun akuoza no derretidu konduz eletrisidade tanba (eletrolítiku no termál) dissosiasaun kloridu sódiu nian ba nia [[Ion|ion]] sira. Kondutividade husi derretimentu aumenta ho temperatura. Iha parte seluk, kloridu sódiu ne'ebé moos no kristalina, pratikamente la kondutivu.<ref name="Ullmann" /> Massa molar maka 58.44 g/mol. Densidade maka 2.1615 g/cm³ (25 °C). Iha derretimentu iha 801 °C: 1.549 g/cm³.<ref name="Ullmann" /> Kloridu sódiu nakfera iha 801 °C no evapora iha 1461 °C. Ida-ne'e disolve ho di'ak iha bee (358 g/l bee iha 20 °C)<ref name="Roempp">RömppOnline: ID: RD-14-00370, Natriumchlorid.</ref> no soluvel iha [[metanol]] (1.31 g/100 g) no [[Etanol|etanol]] (0.065 g/100 g iha 25 °C).<ref name="Ullmann" /> == Uza == [[Imajen:Speisesalz.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Masin-midar]] Kloridu sódiu maka komponente importante ida hosi ema nia dieta. Ida-ne'e uza atu temperu kuaze ai-han hotu-hotu. [[Karau]], [[bibi]] no animál hakiak sira seluk mós presiza masin. Masin meza nian mós uza atu prezerva ai-han. Ida-ne'e hasai bee hosi ai-han no oho mikrobiu sira. Masin-midar barak liu bele hamosu hipernatremia, ne'ebé bele sai fatal. Doze letal ba adultu sira kalkula iha grama 0.5 to'o 5 kada kilograma pezu isin nian.<ref name="GESTIS">GESTIS: Natriumchlorid, ZVG 1330, CAS 7647-14-5.</ref> Maibé, kloridu sódiu barak liu maka uza iha indústria. Ida-ne'e serve hanesan matéria-prima iha indústria kímika no ba objetivu sira seluk. Iha nasaun sira ne'ebé malirin, kloridu sódiu espalla iha estrada sira iha tempu bailoron hodi halo jelu sai been no prevene sidi. Iha produsaun sasán meza nian no serámika sira seluk, esmalte masin tradisionál kria liuhosi aumenta masin úmidu iha temperatura aas. Ion sódiu husi masin-midar, ne'ebé maka disosia iha atmosfera fornu nian, kombina ho [[silikatu]] sira iha rai-mean hodi forma esmalte ida ne'ebé maka dura. Maibé, masin ne'e agresivu iha temperatura operasionál sira (1,200 °C no aas liu) no estraga fornu nia laran (izolamentu termál iha ahi nia sorin), ne'ebé tanba ne'e presiza atu troka beibeik liután. Efeitu ionizasaun husi masin uza iha prosesamentu metal. Iha medisina modernu, solusaun 0.9% husi kloridu sódiu iha bee (solusaun masin isotónika) uza hanesan solusaun portadora ba ai-moruk sira.<ref>M. D. Stoneham, E. L. Hill: ''Variability in post-operative fluid and electrolyte prescription'', The British Journal of Clinical Practice, Vol. 51, No. 2, p.82–84.</ref> Masin-manas sira uza hanesan ai-moruk. Spa hela iha tasi-ibun ka iha anin masin hosi masin-fatin sira, no uluk mós iha mina masin nian, uza hodi trata moras respiratóriu sira. Bainhira ida-ne'e la posivel ka karun liu, uza dispozitivu inalasaun nian, iha ne'ebé [[aerosol]] masin nian inhala. Solusaun masin mós uza ba irigasaun nazál no gargara. Solusaun masin isotónika uza ba irigasaun nazál, tanba bee baibain sei halo membrana mukoza sira sai bubu tanba [[osmoze]]. == Ligasaun ba li'ur == {{Commons|Category:Sodium chloride|Kloridu sódiu}} == Referensia == <references /> [[Kategoria:Kompostu kímiku]] k7pjxq2yumw0l3fikrbv37tzzq3w2cs 75463 75461 2026-09-06T11:04:41Z J. Patrick Fischer 73 /* Uza */ 75463 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Imajen:Salzgewinnung in Atabae 03.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Masin meza husi [[Atabae (postu administrativu)|Atabae]]]] '''Masin-midar''' nian maka kompostu [[Kímika|kímiku]] ida. [[Molékula]] ne'e kompostu husi [[átomu]] [[sódiu]] ida no átomu [[kloru]] ida, tanba ne'e maka kompostu ne'e mós hanaran '''kloridu sódiu''' ([[Lia-inglés]]: Sodium Chloride). Fórmula kímika maka '''NaCl'''. Kloridu sódiu maka minerál ne'ebé importante liu ba ema no animál sira. Ema adultu ida nia isin iha masin-midar 150-300 g<ref name="woch">Spektrum Lexikon der Chemie: [http://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/chemie/natriumchlorid/6147 Natriumchlorid].</ref> no lakon grama 3-20 loron-loron, ne'ebé tenke troka. Ida-ne'e hetan ona mina iha tempu pré-istóriku no sai nafatin sasán karun ida ba tempu naruk. == Akontese == Kloridu sódiu barak iha natureza. Tasi-been iha maizumenus 3% kloridu sódiu, hamutuk 3.6 × 10¹⁶ tonelada<ref>Werner Gwosdz: ''Salz-Gemeinschaftsunternehmen esco.'' Hannover: Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, 2002 ([http://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Gemeinsames/Produkte/Downloads/Commodity_Top_News/Rohstoffwirtschaft/16_salz_esco.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2 Commodity Top News 16]).</ref> Aleinde ne'e, mineral [[halite]] kompostu husi kloridu sódiu to'o 98%. Ida-ne'e hetan iha depózitu masin fatuk nian ne'ebé forma iha tempu jeolójiku sira hosi baía tasi nian. Mineral ne'e forma bainhira tasi-been evapora.<ref>Martin Bertau, Armin Müller, Peter Fröhlich, Michael Katzberg, Karl Heinz Büchel, Hans-Heinrich Moretto, Dietmar Werner: ''Industrielle Anorganische Chemie'', John Wiley & Sons 2013, ISBN 978-3-527-64958-7.</ref> Kamada masin fatuk nian maka plástiku no tanba ne'e dala barak hetan deformasaun tanba prosesu jeolójiku sira. Bainhira depózitu masin iha foho-lolon ida mosu iha superfísie, glaciar masin ida bele forma. == Estrasaun == [[Imajen:2022-10-08 Salzproduktion in Laga 1.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Produsaun masin iha [[Laga (postu administrativu)|Laga]]]] Kloridu sódiu hasai iha eskala boot hosi depózitu tasi no rai okos. Masin husi lagoa masin no depózitu superfísie sira seluk maka hetan de'it iha pontu limitadu. Produsaun globál iha 2020 liu tonelada millaun 280, ho masin fatuk no masin tasi nian ne'ebé reprezenta maizumenus 70% no 30% hosi totál ida-ne'e, respetivamente. Hasai masin husi tasi-been ne’e ekonomikamente viável de’it iha área tasi-ibun ho nivel loro-matan aas no udan-been ne’ebé menus. Ba prosesu ida-ne'e, tasi-been kanaliza liuhosi bacias hidrograficas ne'ebé ladún klean, ho kaskada, iha ne'ebé konsentrasaun masin aumenta liuhosi evaporasaun naturál. Masin ne'ebé presipitadu hafoin ne'e halo kompaktu no maran. Ba de'it masin-midar ne'ebé karun ([[Lia-fransés]]: fleur de sel, "ai-funan masin nian") maka ida-ne'e hasai bainhira namlele iha superfísie. Iha mina masin, masin fatuk nian bele hasai, tesi, ka disolve hosi fatuk uza bee. == Karakteristiku == [[Imajen:NaCl polyhedra.svg|miniaturadaimagem|Estrutura husi kloridu sódiu. Átomo sódiu nian hatudu iha kinur, átomo kloru nian iha kór verde.]] Kloridu sódiu forma kristal sira ne'ebé laiha kór ho estrutura kúbiku. La hanesan ho kristal sira seluk, sira la'ós birefringente. Iha estrutura ida-ne'e, kada núkleu sódiu no kloridu ida-idak hale'u ho núkleu seluk. Estrutura hexagonal ida bele produz iha kamada ida ne'ebé mihis iha superfísie diamante ida.<ref name="Kvashnin">Kseniya A. Tikhomirova, Christian Tantardini, Ekaterina V. Sukhanova, Zakhar I. Popov, Stanislav A. Evlashin*, Mikhail A. Tarkhov, Vladislav L. Zhdanov, Alexander A. Dudin, Artem R. Oganov, Dmitry G. Kvashnin, Alexander G. Kvashnin: ''Exotic Two-Dimensional Structure: The First Case of Hexagonal NaCl'', J._Phys._Chem._Lett. 11 (2020) 3821–3827, DOI 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00874.</ref> Ida-ne'e soluvel tebes iha bee, ho de'it dependénsia uitoan ba temperatura.<ref name="Ullmann">G. Westphal, G. Kristen, W. Wegener, P. Ambatiello, H. Geyer, B. Epron, C. Bonal, G. Steinhauser, F. Götzfried: ''Sodium Chloride'', Ullmanns Enzyklopädie der Technischen Chemie, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim 2012; DOI 10.1002/14356007.a24_317.pub4.</ref> Solusaun akuoza no derretidu konduz eletrisidade tanba (eletrolítiku no termál) dissosiasaun kloridu sódiu nian ba nia [[Ion|ion]] sira. Kondutividade husi derretimentu aumenta ho temperatura. Iha parte seluk, kloridu sódiu ne'ebé moos no kristalina, pratikamente la kondutivu.<ref name="Ullmann" /> Massa molar maka 58.44 g/mol. Densidade maka 2.1615 g/cm³ (25 °C). Iha derretimentu iha 801 °C: 1.549 g/cm³.<ref name="Ullmann" /> Kloridu sódiu nakfera iha 801 °C no evapora iha 1461 °C. Ida-ne'e disolve ho di'ak iha bee (358 g/l bee iha 20 °C)<ref name="Roempp">RömppOnline: ID: RD-14-00370, Natriumchlorid.</ref> no soluvel iha [[metanol]] (1.31 g/100 g) no [[Etanol|etanol]] (0.065 g/100 g iha 25 °C).<ref name="Ullmann" /> == Uza == [[Imajen:Speisesalz.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Masin-midar]] [[Imajen:Schneepflug Strasse hinten.jpg|miniaturadaimagem|Iha nasaun malirin sira, masin ka solusaun masin nian namkari iha estrada sira iha tempu malirin hodi halo jelu nakfera. Iha ne'e veíkulu ida husi [[Alemaña]].]] Kloridu sódiu maka komponente importante ida hosi ema nia dieta. Ida-ne'e uza atu temperu kuaze ai-han hotu-hotu. [[Karau]], [[bibi]] no animál hakiak sira seluk mós presiza masin. Masin meza nian mós uza atu prezerva ai-han. Ida-ne'e hasai bee hosi ai-han no oho mikrobiu sira. Masin-midar barak liu bele hamosu hipernatremia, ne'ebé bele sai fatal. Doze letal ba adultu sira kalkula iha grama 0.5 to'o 5 kada kilograma pezu isin nian.<ref name="GESTIS">GESTIS: Natriumchlorid, ZVG 1330, CAS 7647-14-5.</ref> Maibé, kloridu sódiu barak liu maka uza iha indústria. Ida-ne'e serve hanesan matéria-prima iha indústria kímika no ba objetivu sira seluk. Iha nasaun sira ne'ebé malirin, kloridu sódiu espalla iha estrada sira iha tempu bailoron hodi halo jelu sai been no prevene sidi. Iha produsaun sasán meza nian no serámika sira seluk, esmalte masin tradisionál kria liuhosi aumenta masin úmidu iha temperatura aas. Ion sódiu husi masin-midar, ne'ebé maka disosia iha atmosfera fornu nian, kombina ho [[silikatu]] sira iha rai-mean hodi forma esmalte ida ne'ebé maka dura. Maibé, masin ne'e agresivu iha temperatura operasionál sira (1,200 °C no aas liu) no estraga fornu nia laran (izolamentu termál iha ahi nia sorin), ne'ebé tanba ne'e presiza atu troka beibeik liután. Efeitu ionizasaun husi masin uza iha prosesamentu metal. Iha medisina modernu, solusaun 0.9% husi kloridu sódiu iha bee (solusaun masin isotónika) uza hanesan solusaun portadora ba ai-moruk sira.<ref>M. D. Stoneham, E. L. Hill: ''Variability in post-operative fluid and electrolyte prescription'', The British Journal of Clinical Practice, Vol. 51, No. 2, p.82–84.</ref> Masin-manas sira uza hanesan ai-moruk. Spa hela iha tasi-ibun ka iha anin masin hosi masin-fatin sira, no uluk mós iha mina masin nian, uza hodi trata moras respiratóriu sira. Bainhira ida-ne'e la posivel ka karun liu, uza dispozitivu inalasaun nian, iha ne'ebé [[aerosol]] masin nian inhala. Solusaun masin mós uza ba irigasaun nazál no gargara. Solusaun masin isotónika uza ba irigasaun nazál, tanba bee baibain sei halo membrana mukoza sira sai bubu tanba [[osmoze]]. == Ligasaun ba li'ur == {{Commons|Category:Sodium chloride|Kloridu sódiu}} == Referensia == <references /> [[Kategoria:Kompostu kímiku]] okiwsqodxdrxo85ly3hpjd6foa93982 14 9375 75459 2026-09-05T13:07:17Z J. Patrick Fischer 73 Pájina foun: '[[Kategoria:Kímika]]' 75459 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Kategoria:Kímika]] iva0ddbejyn19zdjqnns59i5d3853ew