Wikipedia tlwiki https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unang_Pahina MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.5 first-letter Midya Natatangi Usapan Tagagamit Usapang tagagamit Wikipedia Usapang Wikipedia Talaksan Usapang talaksan MediaWiki Usapang MediaWiki Padron Usapang padron Tulong Usapang tulong Kategorya Usapang kategorya Portada Usapang Portada TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 852 2210329 2210139 2026-06-04T08:19:53Z GinawaSaHapon 102500 /* Katinig */ 2210329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{redirect|Ingles|mga tao mula Inglatera|Mga Ingles}} {{kinukumpuni}} {{use dmy dates}}<!-- Panatilihin ang paggamit ng tuldik sa unang banggit ng paksa. --> {{Other uses|Ingles (paglilinaw)}} {{Infobox language | name = Ingles | altname = Inggles | nativename = {{lang|en|English}} | pronunciation = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|ŋ|ɡ|l|ᵻ|ʃ}} | states = Ang [[mundong Anglopono]], kabilang na ang {{enum|[[Reyno Unido]]|[[Estados Unidos]]|[[Kanada]]|[[Australia]]|[[Irlanda]]|[[Nueva Selanda]]|[[Karibeng Komonwelt]]|[[Timog Aprika]]|[[Talaan ng mga bansa at teritoryo kung saan opisyal na wika ang wikang Ingles|iba pa]]}} | speakers = [[Katutubong wika|L1]]: {{nowrap|380 milyon}} | date = 2021 | ref = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/insights/ethnologue200/ |title=What are the top 200 most spoken languages?|trans-title=Ano-ano ang 200 pinaka-sinasalitang wika? |website=Ethnologue |date=2023 |lang=en|archive-date=18 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618002011/https://www.ethnologue.com/insights/ethnologue200/ |url-status=live}}</ref> | speakers2 = {{plainlist| * [[Ikalawang wika|L2]]: {{nowrap|1.077 bilyon}} (2021)<ref name="Ethnologue26">{{e26}}</ref> * [[Mundong Anglopono|Kabuuan]]: 1.457 billion}} | familycolor = Indo-Europeo | fam2 = [[Mga wikang Hermaniko|Hermaniko]] | fam3 = [[Kanlurang wikang Hermaniko|Kanlurang Hermaniko]] | fam4 = [[Mga wikang Ingaeboniko|Ingaeboniko]] | fam5 = [[Mga wikang Angliko|Angliko]] | ancestor = [[Proto-Ingles]] | ancestor2 = [[Lumang Ingles]] | ancestor3 = [[Gitnang Ingles]] | ancestor4 = [[Maagang Modernong Ingles]] | script = {{plainlist| * [[Sulat Latin|Latin]] ([[Alpabetong Ingles]]) * [[Futhorc]] (noon) * [[Braille ng Ingles]], [[Pinagsanib na Braille ng Ingles]] }} | nation = {{ubli |57 bansa at 30 dependensiya| Mga organisasyon kabilang na ang {{enum | [[Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa|UN]] | [[Unyong Europeo|EU]] | [[Komonwelt ng mga Bansa|Komonwelt]] | [[Pandaigdigang Hukumang Pangkrimen|ICC]] | [[Pondo ng Monetaryong Pandaigdig|IMF]] | [[Pandaigdigang Lupong Olimpiko|IOC]] | [[Organisasyong Pandaigdig para sa Pagsasapamantayan|ISO]] | [[Organisasyon ng Tratado ng Hilagang Atlantiko|NATO]] | [[Pandaigdigang Organisasyon ng Pangangalakal|WTO]] | [[Samahan ng mga Bansa sa Timog-Silangang Asya|ASEAN]] | [[Organisasyon ng mga Estadong Amerikano|OAS]] }} }} | iso1 = en | iso2 = eng | iso3 = eng | lingua = 52-ABA | notice = IPA | sign = [[Manually coded English]] (iba-iba) | glotto = stan1293 | glottorefname = English | mapscale = 1.25 | map = English language distribution.svg | mapcaption = {{legend|#346699|Mga rehiyon kung saan katutubong wika ng mayorya ang wikang Ingles}} {{legend|#99ccff|Mga rehiyon kung saan opisyal o malawakang ginagamit ang wikang Ingles, pero hindi isang katutubong wika ng mayorya}} | dialects = {{hlist |class=inline |[[Britanikong Ingles]]|[[Ingles ng Hilagang Amerika|Hilagang Amerika]]|[[Ingles ng Karibe|Karibe]]|[[Ingles ng Australia|Australia]]|[[Ingles ng Nueva Selanda|Nueva Selanda]]|[[Ingles ng Timog Aprika|Timog Aprika]]|[[Ingkes ng Irlandiya|Irlandiya]]|[[Ingles ng Pilipinas|Pilipinas]]}} ([[Talaan ng mga dayalekto ng wikang Ingles|talaan]]) }} '''Inglés''',{{Efn|{{langx|en|English}} {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|ŋ|ɡ|l|ᵻ|ʃ}}}} binabaybay ding '''Ingglés''', ang [[kanlurang wikang Hermaniko]] na nagmula sa [[Inglatera]] at ang pandaigdigang ''[[lingua franca]]'' sa kasalukuyan. Nagmula ang pangalan ng wika mula sa [[mga Anglo]], isa sa mga sinaunang [[Lahing Hermaniko|grupong Hermaniko]] na [[Paglipat ng mga Anglo-Saxon sa Britanya|lumipat sa Britanya]] sa [[Pagtatapos ng panahong Romano sa Britanya|pagtatapos ng panahong Romano sa naturang lugar]]. Ingles ang [[Talaan ng mga wika batay sa dami ng nagsasalita|pinakaginagamit na wika sa mundo]], dahil na rin sa matinding impluwensiya ng [[Imperyong Britaniko]] noon (na pinalitan ng [[Komonwelt ng mga Bansa]] sa kasalukuyan) gayundin ng [[Estados Unidos]] sa kasalukuyan. Ito rin ang may pinakamaraming gumagamit bilang [[pangalawang wika]], mas marami pa kesa sa mga katutubong mananalita nito. Gayunpaman, ikatlo lamang ang Ingles sa may [[Talaan ng mga wika batay sa dami ng katutubong mananalita|pinakamaraming katutubong mananalita]], pagkatapos ng [[wikang Mandarin]] at [[Wikang Espanyol|Espanyol]]. Ingles ang opisyal o isa sa mga opisyal na wika ng [[Talaan ng mga bansa kung saan opisyal na wika ang Ingles|57 bansa at 30 dependensiya]], ang pinakamarami para sa kahit anong wika. Sa mga bansang tulad ng [[Estados Unidos]], [[Reyno Unido]], [[Australia]], at [[Nueva Selanda]], ito ang pinakaginagamit na wika dahil na rin sa kasaysayan bagamat hindi ito isang opisyal na wika. Isa rin ito sa mga [[Mga opisyal na wika ng Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa|opisyal na wika]] ng [[Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa]], [[Unyong Europeo]], at iba pang mga pandaigdigan at panrehiyong organisasyon. Ito rin ang ''de facto'' na wika ng [[diplomasya]], agham at teknolohiya, pandaigdigang kalakalan, turismo, libangan, at ng [[internet]]. Ayon sa isang pagtataya ng ''[[Ethnologue]]'' noong 2021, meron itong 1.4 na bilyong mananalita. Nagmula ang [[Lumang Ingles]] mula sa mga dayalekto ng mga kanlurang wikang Hermaniko na sinasalita ng [[mga Anglo-Saxon]]. Nakasulat sa mga ''[[rune]]'' (''futhorc'') ang wika bago ito gumamit ng [[Alpabetong Ingles|isang alpabetong nagmula sa wikang Latin]]. Hiniram kalaunan ng Lumang Ingles ang ilang balarila at pangunahing bokabularyo mula sa [[Lumang Nordiko]], isang [[hilagang wikang Hermaniko]]. Nalinang nang husto ang alpabeto at tuluyang pinalitan nito ang paggamit sa mga ''rune'', kasabay ng pag-usbong ng [[Gitnang Ingles]] matapos [[Normanong Pagsakop ng Inglatera|masakop]] ng [[mga Normando]] ang Inglatera [[Labanan ng Hastings|simula noong 1066]]. Sa panahong ito matinding nanghiram ng mga salita ang Ingles mula sa [[wikang Pranses]], na ngayo'y bumubuo ng 28% ng lahat ng mga salita sa wika sa kasalukuyan, gayundin sa [[wikang Latin]], na bumubuo sa karagdagang 28%. Bagamat pawang nagmula sa Latin at iba pang [[mga wikang Romanse]] ang malaking bahagdan ng bokabularyo ng Ingles, nananatili pa ring Hermaniko ang pang-araw-araw na bokabularyo, balarila at ponolohiya nito. Umusbong naman ang [[Modernong Ingles]] matapos ng isang [[Malawakang Paglipat ng Patinig|malawakang pagbabago sa mga patinig nito]]. Ilan sa mga malapit na kamag-anak ng kasalukuyang anyo ng wika ang [[wikang Scots]], na nasa isang [[kontinuo ng mga dayalekto]] sa Ingles, gayundin ang [[mga wikang Prisyano]] at [[Mababang Aleman]]. == Klasipikasyon == Bahagi ng [[Mga wikang Indo-Europeo|pamilyang Indo-Europeo]] ang wikang Ingles, partikular na sa [[Mga kanlurang wikang Hermaniko|Kanlurang Hermanikong]] sangay ng [[Mga wikang Hermaniko|mga Hermanikong wika]].{{sfn|Bammesberger|1992|pp=29–30}} Dahil pare-parehong nagmula ang Ingles at ng ibang mga wikang Hermaniko kagaya ng mga [[wikang Olandes]] at [[Wikang Aleman|Aleman]] sa iisang ninuno na tinatawag na [[Proto-Hermaniko]], nagtataglay ang mga ito ng mga magkakatulad na tampok kagaya ng paghahati sa mga [[pandiwa]] bilang [[Malakas na pandiwa (mga wikang Hermaniko)|malakas]] o [[Mahinang pandiwa (mga wikang Hermaniko)|mahinang klase]], ang paggamit sa mga [[pandiwang modal]], at pagsasailalim sa serye ng pagbabago sa pagbigkas sa mga [[katinig]] ng [[Proto-Indo-Europeo]] na kilala ngayon bilang mga [[batas Grimm]] at [[Batas Verner|Verner]].{{sfn|König|van der Auwera|1994}} Isa ang [[Lumang Ingles]] sa napakaraming [[mga wikang Ingaeboniko]] na umusbong sa isang [[Kontinuo ng mga dayalekto|kontinuo ng mga dayalektong]] sinasalita ng mga Kanlurang Hermaniko simula noong ikalimang siglo sa [[Prisya]], partikular na sa baybayin ng [[Dagat Hilaga]]. Umusbong ang Lumang Ingles mula sa mga mananalita ng mga wikang ito na lumisan sa lugar at nanirahan sa [[kapuluang Britaniko]].{{sfn|Bazelmans|2009|pp=325–326}} Kalaunan, umusbong ang [[Gitnang Ingles]], na sinundan naman ng Modernong Ingles.{{sfn|Robinson|1992}} May ilang mga dayalekto ng Luma at Gitnang Ingles na hiwalay na nalinang at naging [[mga wikang Angliko]], lalo na ang [[wikang Scots]].{{sfn|Romaine|1982|pp=56–65}} Dahil nakahiwalay ang wikang Ingles mula sa ibang mga wikang Hermaniko sa kontinente, nalinang ang sarili nitong [[bokabularyo]], [[sintaksis]], at [[ponolohiya]]. Hindi naiintindihan ang Ingles ng mga mananalita ng kahit anong wikang Hermaniko, bagamat may iilang wika katulad ng wikang Olandes at [[Wikang Prisyano|Prisyano]] na may malaki-laking antas ng kaugnayan.{{sfn|Harbert|2006}} Tradisyonal na [[Mga wikang Anglo-Prisyano|iniuugnay]] ang Ingles sa Prisyano, na madalas na ipinagpapalagay na pinakamalapit na kamag-anak ng Ingles sa mga wikang Hermaniko. Gayunpaman, ipinapakita ng modernong pananaliksik sa dalawang wika na kaunti lamang ang pagkakapareho nito sa Ingles.<ref>{{multiref2|{{harvnb|Bazelmans|2009|p=326|loc="According to most researchers, this means that there cannot have been an 'original' Anglo-Frisian entity ..."}}|{{harvnb|Stiles|2018|p=31|loc="... It is not possible to construct the exclusive common relative chronology that is necessary in order to be able to establish a node on a family tree. The term and concept of 'Anglo-Frisian' should be banished to the historiography of the subject."}}}}</ref> Bagamat parehong sumailalim ang dalawa sa magkaparehong serye ng pagbabago sa tunog, hindi ito naganap nang sabay upang masabing may matindi silang kaugnayan sa isa't-isa.{{sfn|Versloot|2017|pp=341–342}}{{sfn|Stiles|2018|pp=5–6}} == Kasaysayan == {{Main|Kasaysayan ng wikang Ingles}} === Proto-Hermaniko patungong Lumang Ingles === [[File:Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg|thumb|Manuskritong nakasulat sa [[panulatang unsiyal]] ng [[epikong tula]] na ''[[Beowulf]]'' sa [[Lumang Ingles]], isinulat noong bandang taong 975 hanggang 1025.{{pb}} Nagsimula ang tula sa: {{lang|ang|Hƿæt ƿē Gārde{{\}}na ingēar dagum þēod cyninga{{\}}þrym ge frunon ...}}[Pakinggan! Ating narinig ang kadakilaan ng nagdaang panahon ng mga katutubong hari ng mga {{Lang|ang|Gār-Dene}} [isang maalamat na tribo ng [[mga Danes]]<nowiki>] ...]</nowiki>]] [[Lumang Ingles]], o Anglo-Sahon, ang pinakaunang anyo ng wikang Ingles na ginamit mula bandang taong 450 hanggang 1150. Nagmula ito sa mga dayalekto ng [[mga kanlurang wikang Hermaniko]], minsang tinutukoy bilang [[mga wikang Anglo-Prisyano]] o di kaya'y [[mga wikang Hermaniko ng Dagat Hilaga]], na sinasalita sa rehiyon ng [[Prisya]], [[Mababang Sahonya]], at katimugang [[Jutland]] (sakop ngayon ng [[Dinamarka]] at [[Alemanya]]) ng mga Hermanikong kilala sa kasaysayan bilang [[mga Anglo]], [[Mga Sahon|Sahon]], at [[Mga Yuto|Yuto]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Baugh |first=Albert |title=A History of the English Language |date=1951 |publisher=Routledge & Kegan Paul |location=London |pages=60–83, 110–130 |language=en |trans-title=Kasaysayan ng Wikang Ingles}}</ref> Simula noong ikalimang siglo, [[Paninirahan ng mga Anglo-Sahon sa Britanya|tumira]] ang mga Anglo-Sahon sa Britanya matapos itong [[Pagtatapos ng panahon ng mga Romano sa Britanya|lisanin ng mga Romano]]. Pagsapit ng ikapitong siglo, Lumang Ingles na ang pangunahing wikang sinasalita sa lugar at pinalitan ang mga [[wikang Karaniwang Britoniko]] at [[Britanikong Latin]] na sinalita noong [[Romanong Britanya|panahon ng mga Romano]].{{sfn|Collingwood|Myres|1936}}{{sfn|Graddol|Leith|Swann et al.|2007}}{{sfn|Blench|Spriggs|1999}} Ang wika gayundin sa lugar ng [[Inglatera]] ay parehong pinangalan mula sa mga Anglo.{{sfn|Bosworth|Toller|1921}} Nahahati ang Lumang Ingles sa dalawang dayalektong Angliko ([[Mersiyano]] at [[Nortumbriyo]]) at dalawang dayalektong Sahon ([[Kentiko]] at [[Kanlurang Sahon]]).{{sfn|Campbell|1959|p=4}} Dahil sa impluwensiya ng [[kaharian ng Wessex]] at ang reporma sa edukasyon noong panahon ni [[Alfredo ang Dakila|haring Alfredo]] noong ikasiyam na siglo, Kanlurang Sahon ang siyang naging [[Pamantayang wika|pamantayan]] sa pagsusulat sa Lumang Ingles.{{sfn|Toon|1992|loc=Chapter: Old English Dialects}} Nakasulat ang [[Panulaang epiko|epikong tula]] na ''[[Beowulf]]'' sa Kanlurang Sahon, habang nakasulat naman sa Nortumbriyo ang pinakalumang [[tula]] sa wikang Ingles na ''[[Himno ni Caedmon]]''.{{sfn|Donoghue|2008}} Gayunpaman, nalinang ang Modernong Ingles mula sa dayalektong Mersiyano habang nalinang naman ang [[wikang Scots]] mula sa Nortumbriyo. Isinulat ang ilang mga pinakamaagang tala ng Lumang Ingles gamit ng [[alpabetong runiko]],{{sfn|Gneuss|2013|p=23}} bagamat ginamit kalaunan ang [[alpabetong Latin]] pagsapit ng ikapitong siglo; gumamit ito ng mga [[Panulatang unsiyal|kalahating unsiyal]] na titik at may kasama ring mga runikong titik na ''[[wynn]]'' {{angbr|{{lang|ang|ƿ}}}}, ''[[Thorn (titik)|thorn]]'' {{angbr|{{lang|ang|þ}}}}, at mga binagong titik Latin na ''[[eth]]'' {{angbr|{{lang|ang|ð}}}} at ''[[Æ|ash]]'' {{angbr|{{lang|ang|æ}}}}.{{sfn|Gneuss|2013|p=23}}{{sfn|Hogg|Denison|2006a|pp=30–31}} Malaki ang pagkakaiba ng Lumang Ingles sa modernong anyo ng wika. Hindi ito mauunawaan ng isang mananalita ng Ingles sa ika-21 siglo nang walang pagsasanay. Halos kapareho ang [[Balarila ng Lumang Wikang Ingles|balarila nito]] sa [[Balarila ng wikang Aleman|balarila]] ng [[wikang Aleman]]: maraming mga [[impleksiyon]] sa dulo ng salita at anyo ang mga [[pangngalan]], [[pang-uri]], [[panghalip]], at [[pandiwa]], at mas malaya ang [[ayos ng salita]] nito kesa sa modernong anyo nito. May mga anyo ang Modernong Ingles para sa [[Kaukulan (balarila)|kaukulan]] ({{Lang|en|grammatical case}}) ng panghalip (halimbawa [panlalaki] 'siya': {{Lang|en|he, him, his}}) at may iilan din para naman sa mga pandiwa (halimbawa 'magsalita': {{Lang|en|speak, speaks, speaking, spoke, spoken}}), pero sa Lumang Ingles, meron ding mga kaukulan para sa mga pangngalan at may mga dagdag na impleksiyon din ang mga pandiwa para sa [[Katauhan (balarila)|katauhan]] at [[kailanan]].{{sfn|Hogg|1992a}}{{sfn|Smith|2009}}{{sfn|Trask|2010}} === Impluwensiya ng Lumang Nordiko === Sa pagitan ng ikawalo hanggang ika-11 siglo, sumailalim ang Ingles na sinasalita sa ilang mga rehiyon sa impluwensiya ng [[Lumang Nordiko]], na isang [[Hilagang wikang Hermaniko]]. Dahil sa sunod-sunod na pagkolonisa ng [[mga Nordiko]] sa ilang bahagi ng Britanya noong panahong ito, nakakasalamuha ng mga mananalita ng Lumang Ingles sa mga mananalita ng Lumang Nordiko. Pinakamatindi ang interaksyon sa dalawang wika sa mga barayti ng wikang sinasalita sa hilagang-silangan na sakop noon ng [[Danelaw]] sa rehiyon ng [[York]]. Sa kasalukuyan, pinakamakikita ang impluwensiyang ito sa wikang Scots at sa [[Hilagang Ingles]]. Nakasentro ang impluwensiya ng mga Nordiko sa [[Lindsey]] sa [[Midlands]]. Matapos mapasailalim ang Lindsey sa kapangyarihan ng mga Anglo-Sahon noong taong 920, mabilis na kumalat ang Ingles sa naturang rehiyon. Sa modernong Ingles, ang impluwensiya ng mga Nordiko ay makikita sa [[panghalip]] sa ikatlong katauhan na nagsisimula sa ''th-'' ('sila', 'nila', 'kanila': {{Lang|en|they, them, their}}), na siyang pumalit sa mga orihinal na panghalip ng Anglo-Sahon na nagsisimula naman sa ''h-'' ({{Lang|ang|hie, him, hera}}).{{sfn|Thomason|Kaufman|1988|pp=284–290}} Makikita rin ito sa mga hiram na salita na pumalit sa mga katutubong Lumang Ingles kagaya ng {{Lang|en|give}} ('magbigay'), {{Lang|en|get}} ('kumuha'), {{Lang|en|sky}} ('langit'), {{Lang|en|skirt}} ('palda'), at {{Lang|en|egg}} ('itlog'). Mauunawaan ang Lumang Nordiko nang maayos-ayos ng mga mananalita ng ilang mga dayalekto ng Lumang Ingles, lalo na sa may hilaga.{{sfn|Kastovsky|1992|pp=320, 332}} === Gitnang Ingles === {{Quote box||align=right|quoted=true|salign=right|quote={{lang|enm|Englischmen þeyz hy hadde fram þe bygynnyng þre manner speche, Souþeron, Northeron, and Myddel speche in þe myddel of þe lond, ... Noþeles by comyxstion and mellyng, furst wiþ Danes, and afterward wiþ Normans, in menye þe contray longage ys asperyed, and som vseþ strange wlaffyng, chyteryng, harryng, and garryng grisbytting.}}{{pb}}[Bagamat sa simula pa lamang, may tatlong paraan na ang mga Ingles sa pagsasalita, yaong nasa Katimugan, nasa Hilaga, at nasa Midlands sa gitna ng bansa, ... Gayunpaman, dahil sa pakikihalubilo at paghahalo, umusbong ang wika ng bansa mula sa mga ito, habang may iilan na gumagamit pa rin ng kakaibang pag-uutal, daldalan, ungol, at nakakarinding ngitngitan.]|source=[[Juan ng Trevisa]], {{circa|1385}}{{sfn|Hogg|2006|pp=360–361}}|width=300px}} Karaniwang pinepetsahan ang pagsisimula ng [[Gitnang Ingles]] sa [[Normanong Pagsakop ng Inglatera|pananakop ng mga Normando]] sa Britanya mula noong 1066. Sa mga sumunod na siglo pagkatapos, sumailalim ang Ingles sa matinding impluwensiya ng anyo ng [[Lumang Pranses]] na sinasalita ng mga Normando na nanirahan sa Inglatera at naging bago nitong namumunong uri; kilala ito ngayon bilang [[Lumang Normando]]. Sa paglipas ng mga dekada, pawang mga naging bihasa sa dalawang wika ang parehong gitna at nakatataas na uri ng lipunan, mapa-Ingles man o Normando. Pagsapit ng 1150, bihira na lang sa panahong ito ang mga miyembro ng aristokrasya na marunong lamang ng Pranses.{{sfn|Townend|2012|pp=81–82}} Kalaunan, nalinang ang wikang Pranses na ginagamit ng mga Normando bilang [[wikang Anglo-Normando]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Short |first=Ian |title=A Companion to the Anglo-Norman World|trans-title=Gabay sa Mundong Anglo-Normando |chapter=Language and Literature|trans-chapter=Wika at Panitikan |lang=en|publisher=Boydell and Brewer |date=2002 |isbn=978-1-84615-046-3 |doi=10.1017/9781846150463.011 |pages=191–214}}</ref> Matuturo rin ang paghihiwalay ng Luma sa Gitnang Ingles sa kapanahunan ng paggawa sa komposisyong ''[[Orculum]]'' ng [[Mga Agustino|Agustinong kanon]] na si [[Orrm]] noong ika-12 siglo, na nagtatampok sa paghahalo ng mga elemento ng Lumang Ingles at Anglo-Normando sa kauna-unahang pagkakataon.{{sfn|Townend|2012|pp=99–100}} Samantala, nanatili pa ring marunong lamang sa Ingles ang mababang uri, na kumakatawan sa napakalaking bahagdan ng populasyon. Sa panahong ito, maraming hiram na salita ang ginamit nila na may kinalaman sa politika, batas, at iba pang mga prestihiyosong gawain.{{sfn|Svartvik|Leech|2006|p=39}} Halimbawa, nagmula sa Pranses na {{Lang|fr|trône}} ang salitang Ingles na {{Lang|en|throne}}, na tumutukoy sa pisikal na inuupuan ng isang hari gayundin sa metaporikal na kapangyarihan nito.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://scholarworks.harding.edu/tenor/vol5/iss1/5 |title=Effects of the Norman Conquest on the English Language|trans-title=Mga Epekto ng Pananakop ng mga Normando sa Wikang Ingles|lang=en|first=Curt |last=Baker |date=Spring 2016 |journal=Tenor Times |volume=5}}</ref> Naging simple rin sa panahong ito ang mga impleksiyon ng Ingles, maaaring dahil sa paghahalo ng Lumang Nordiko at Lumang Ingles, na pawang parehas sa [[Morpolohiya (lingguwistika)|morpolohiya]] ngunit magkaiba ng impleksiyon. Nawala rin ang pagkakaiba ng [[kaukulang palagyo]] (nominatibo) at [[Kaukulang palayon|palayon]] (akusatibo) maliban sa mga [[panghalip panao]], nawala rin ang [[kaukulang pagamit]] (instrumental), at naging para lamang sa [[Pag-aari (balarila)|pag-aari]] ang [[kaukulang paari]] (henetibo). Naging regular din ang maraming mga di-regular na anyo ng impleksiyon,{{sfn|Lass|1992|pp=103–123} at naging payak rin ang sistema ng [[Kasunduan (balarila)|kasunduan]] sa mga pangungusap, na humantong sa isang hindi gaanong malayang [[ayos ng salita]].{{sfn|Fischer|van der Wurff|2006|pp=111–113}} Ilan sa mga sikat na panitikang naisulat sa Gitnang Ingles ang ''[[Mga Kuwento sa Canterbury]]'' ({{Circa|1400}}) ni [[Geoffrey Chaucer]] at [[Ang Kamatayan ni Arturo|''Ang Kamatayan ni Arturo'']] (1485) ni [[Thomas Malory]]. Naging talamak sa panahong ito ang paggamit sa panitikan ng [[dayalekto]] ng mga rehiyon, kagaya sa mga gawa ni Chaucer.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Horobin |first1=Simon |title=Chaucer's Middle English |trans-title=Gitnang Ingles ni Chaucer|lang=en|url=https://opencanterburytales.dsl.lsu.edu/refmideng/ |website=The Open Access Companion to the Canterbury Tales |publisher=Louisiana State University|quote=The only appearances of their and them in Chaucer's works are in the Reeve's Tale, where they form part of the Northern dialect spoken by the two Cambridge students, Aleyn and John, demonstrating that at this time they were still perceived to be Northernisms |archive-date=3 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203092713/https://opencanterburytales.dsl.lsu.edu/refmideng/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Mababasa sa [[Bibliya ni Wycliffe|unang salin sa Ingles]] ni [[John Wycliffe]] sa [[Bibliya]] noong 1382 ang [[Ebanghelyo ni Mateo|Mateo]] 8:20 bilang: "{{Lang|enm|Foxis han dennes, and briddis of heuene han nestis}}" ('May mga lungga ang mga [[soro]], at may mga pugad ang mga [[ibon]] sa langit').<ref>{{cite web |last=Wycliffe |first=John |url=http://wesley.nnu.edu/fileadmin/imported_site/wycliffe/wycbible-all.pdf |publisher=Wesley NNU |title=Bible|trans-title=Bibliya |lang=en |archive-date=2 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202202047/http://wesley.nnu.edu/fileadmin/imported_site/wycliffe/wycbible-all.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> Mapapansin rito na may [[Panlapi|hulaping]] ''-n'' pa rin sa [[Pandiwa|pandiwang]] {{Lang|en|have}} ('magkaroon') pero wala na sa mga [[pangngalan]]. : === Maagang Modernong Ingles === [[File:Great_Vowel_Shift2a.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Great_Vowel_Shift2a.svg|thumb|Ang [[Malawakang Pagbabago ng Patinig]] na naganap sa mga mahahabang patinig ng Maagang Modernong Ingles. Matapos naging mga diptonggo {{IPA|/ai au/}} ang mga [[nakabukang patinig]] {{IPA|/iː uː/}}, umangat nang isang antas kalaunan ang bawat [[nakasarang patinig]] upang matumbasan ang pagbabago.]] Saklaw ng [[Maagang Modernong Ingles]] ng ika-14 hanggang ika-18 siglo ang pagsimple pa lalo na sistema ng impleksiyon, pagsasakodigo sa wika, at ang tinatawag na [[Malawakang Pagbabago sa Patinig]], kung saan nagsimulang lumipat ang mga [[patinig]] sa mga salitang Ingles patungo sa modernong bigkas nito. [[Pag-angat (lingguwistika)|Umangat]] ang mga [[Gitnang patinig|gitna]] at [[nakabukang patinig]] at [[Paghahati sa patinig|nahati]] bilang mga [[diptonggo]] ang mga [[nakasarang patinig]]. Halimbawa, binibigkas noon ang salitang Ingles na {{Lang|en|bite}} ('kagat', binabasa ''bayt'') bilang {{Lang|en|beet}} ('[[remolatsa]]') sa kasalukuyan, at binibigkas naman noon ang {{Lang|en|bout}} sa {{Lang|en|about}} ('tungkol', binabasa ''abawt'') bilang {{Lang|en|boot}} ('bota') sa kasalukuyan. Ito ang dahilan kung bakit may malaking pinagkaiba ang pagbigkas sa mga salitang Ingles at sa pagbaybay sa mga ito; ito rin ang dahilan bakit maraming pwedeng maging tunog ang bawat patinig ng Ingles kumpara sa ibang mga wika.{{sfn|Lass|2000a}}{{sfn|Görlach|1991|pp=66–70}} Nagsimula maging prestihiyoso ang paggamit sa wikang Ingles, kumpara sa Normandong Pranses, sa kasagsagan ng kapanahunan ni [[Enrique V ng Inglatera]]. Sinimulang gamitin ng [[Court of Chancery]] sa [[Westminster, London|Westminster]] ang Ingles sa mga [[Writ|opisyal na dokumento]] nito noong bandang 1430, at nabuo dahil rito ang isang bagong pamantayang anyo ng Gitnang Ingles na tinatawag na [[Pamantayang Chancery]] mula sa mga dayalekto ng [[London]] at [[Silangang Midlands]]. Noong 1476, ipinakilala ni [[William Caxton]] sa Inglatera ang [[palimbagan]], na lalong nagpalawak pa sa impluwensiya ng naturang pamantayan ng Ingles.{{sfn|Nevalainen|Tieken-Boon van Ostade|2006|pp=274–279}} Kabilang sa mga panitikang nakasulat sa Maagang Modernong Ingles ang mga gawa ni [[William Shakespeare]] gayundin ang [[King James Version|Bersiyon ni Haring Jaime]] (KJV) ng Bibliya noong 1611. Bagamat halos katulad na ng modernong bigkas at baybay ang mga salita sa puntong ito, may mga pagkakaiba pa rin sa bigkas mula sa modernong Ingles, kagaya ng pagbigkas pa rin sa mga kumpol-katinig na {{IPA|/kn ɡn sw/}} sa {{Lang|en|knight}} ('[[kabalyero]]'), {{Lang|en|gnat}} ('[[niknik]]'), at {{Lang|en|sword}} ('[[espada]]'), na sa ngayo'y pawang mga di na binibigkas ang isa sa mga katinig nito.{{Efn|Hindi na binibigkas ang ''k'' at ''g'' sa {{IPA|/kn/}} at {{IPA|/gn/}}, habang di naman binibigkas na ang ''w'' sa {{IPA|/sw/}}.}} Ilan sa mga tampok ng Maagang Modernong Ingles na ginamit ni Shakespeare ay maituturing na'ng laos o makaluma sa modernong mambabasa nito.{{sfn|Cercignani|1981}} Mababasa ang [[Ebanghelyo ni Mateo|Mateo]] 8:20 sa KJV bilang: "{{Lang|en|The Foxes have holes and the birds of the ayre have nests.}}" ('May mga lungga ang mga soro habang may mga pugad ang mga ibon ng himpapawid.') Dito, mapapansin ang pagkawala ng mga [[Kaukulan (lingguwistika)|kaukulan]] at ang resulta nito tulad halimbawa ng paggamit sa ayos na [[paksa–pandiwa–layon]] ({{Lang|en|subject–verb–object}}) at sa salitang {{Lang|en|of}} bilang pamalit sa nawalang [[kaukulang paari]]. Makikita rin dito ang mga hiram na salitang nagmula sa Pranses kagaya ng {{Lang|en|ayre}} (ngayo'y {{Lang|en|air}}, 'himpapawid') at sa ibang mga kaso, nagpalit mismo sa katutubong salita nito tulad ng {{Lang|en|bird}} ('ibon') na pumalit sa Lumang Ingles na {{Lang|ang|fugol}}.{{sfn|Lass|2006|pp=46–47}} === Pagkalat === Pagsapit ng huling bahagi ng ika-18 siglo, naipakalat ng [[Imperyong Britaniko]] ang wikang Ingles sa mga teritoryo at nasasakupan nito. Dahil sa paggamit sa kalakalan, agham at teknolohiya, diplomasya, sining, at pormal na edukasyon, Ingles ang naging pinakaunang tunay na pandaigdigang wika, na ginagamit sa pandaigdigang komunikasyon.{{sfn|How English evolved into a global language|2010}}{{sfn|The Routes of English}} Ginamit ito sa Hilagang Amerika, ilang bahagi ng Aprika, Oseaniya, at iba pang mga rehiyon. Nang lumaya ang mga bansang may maraming [[katutubong wika]], Ingles ang ginamit nilang [[opisyal na wika]] upang maiwasan ang mga politikal na balakid dahil sa paggamit sa isang katutubong wika kesa sa iba.{{sfn|Romaine|2006|p=586}}{{sfn|Mufwene|2006|p=614}}{{sfn|Northrup|2013|pp=81–86}} Bumilis pa lalo ang pagkalat ng wika dahil sa mabilis na paglaki ng impluwensiya sa kultura at politika ng [[Estados Unidos]] matapos ng [[Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig]], gayundin sa pagbobrodkast sa buong mundo sa wikang Ingles ng mga brodkaster tulad ng [[BBC]] ng [[Reyno Unido]].{{sfn|Graddol|2006}}{{sfn|Crystal|2003a}} Ingles ang pinakaginagamit na wika sa ika-21 siglo.{{sfn|McCrum|MacNeil|Cran|2003|pp=9–10}} Habang nalilinang ang modernong Ingles, nabuo ang mga pamantayang gabay para sa wika, na ginamit kalaunan sa opisyal na paraan kagaya halimbawa sa pampublikong edukasyon at pahayagan. Noong 1755, nilathala ni [[Samuel Johnson]] ang ''[[Dictionary of the English Language]]'', na nagpakilala sa pamantayang pagbaybay at paggamit sa mga salita. Samantala, nilathala naman ng Amerikanong si [[Noah Webster]] noong 1828 ang isang [[Diksiyonaryong Webster|diksiyonaryo]] na may layuning makapagtatag ng isang pamantayang anyo sa pagsusulat at pagsasalita ng [[Amerikanong Ingles]] na hiwalay sa pamantayan ng Britanya. Sa Britanya, unti-unting bumaba ang tingin sa mga dayalekto at barayti ng [[Britanikong Ingles]] na wala sa pamantayan, na nagpabilis sa paggamit ng mga prestihiyosong dayalekto ng mga nasa gitnang uri.{{sfn|Romaine|1999a}} Sa modernong Ingles, wala na halos mga kaukulan; tanging makikita na lang ito sa mga [[panghalip]]. Halos matatag na rin ang [[paksa–pandiwa–layon]] (SVO) na [[ayos ng salita]].{{sfn|Romaine|1999a}} Naging talamak na rin ang paggamit sa ilang mga pagbabago sa wika kagaya ng [[Do-support|paggamit ng salitang ''do'']] para sa mga kaso kung saan kinakailangang [[Pagbaliktad sa paksa at pantulong|baliktarin]] ang mga [[sugnay]] tulad sa mga tanong.{{Efn|Isang halimbawa nito ang paggawa ng mga tanong sa pamamagitan ng pagbaliktad sa [[pandiwang pantulong]] ({{lang|en|auxiliary verb}}, hal. {{lang|en|is, are, am}}) at sa paksa: ang "{{lang|en|He will laugh}}" ('Tatawa siya') ay nagiging "{{lang|en|Will he laugh?}}" ('Tatawa ba siya?') sa anyong patanong nito. Gayunpaman, kung walang pandiwang pantulong, ginagamit ang salitang {{lang|en|do}} bilang pamalit sa nawawalang pandiwa: ang "{{lang|en|He laughs.}}" ('Tumawa siya') ay nagiging "{{lang|en|Did he laugh}}" ('Tumawa ba siya?'). Pansinin na nasa anyong pangnakaraan ang pandiwang {{lang|en|do}} ({{lang|en|did}}) rito.}} Dumami rin ang mga kaso ng paggamit sa anyong progresibo (mga nagtatapos sa hulaping {{Lang|en|–ing}} ng [[pandiwa]], at tuloy-tuloy ring nagiging regular ang mga pandiwang may di-regular na anyo (hal. {{Lang|en|dreamed}} ('napanaginipan') imbes na {{Lang|en|dreamt}}) gayundin sa paggamit pa lalo sa mga analitikal na alternatibo sa mga impleksiyon (hal. {{Lang|en|more polite}} ('mas magalang') imbes na {{Lang|en|politer}}). Dahil sa tindi ng presensiya sa midya ng Amerikanong Ingles, naiimpluwensiyahan na rin pati ang Britanikong Ingles.{{sfn|Leech|Hundt|Mair|Smith|2009|pp=18–19}}{{sfn|Mair|Leech|2006}}{{sfn|Mair|2006}} == Heograpiya == [[File:Detailed_SVG_map_of_the_Anglophone_world.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Detailed_SVG_map_of_the_Anglophone_world.svg|thumb|{{legend|#045a8d|Katutubong wika ng mayorya}} {{legend|#0674b6|Katutubong wika ng mayorya at isa sa mga opisyal na wika}} {{legend|#439dd4|Opisyal na wika pero katutubong wika ng minorya}} {{legend|#9bbae1|Pangalawang wika: sinasalita ng lagpas 20% ng populasyon, ''de facto'' na wika ng trabaho, pamahalaan, edukasyon, atbp.<ref name="Ethnologue26" />}}]] Ayon sa isang ulat noong 2016, tinatayang nasa 400 milyong katao ang [[Katutubong wika|katutubong mananalita]] ng wikang Ingles, at nasa 1.1 bilyong katao naman ang nagsasalita nito bilang [[pangalawang wika]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Breene |first1=Keith |date=15 November 2019 |title=Which countries are best at English as a second language? |trans-title=Ano-anong mga bansa at pinakamagaling mag-Ingles bilang pangalawang wika? |url=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/11/which-countries-are-best-at-english-as-a-second-language-4d24c8c8-6cf6-4067-a753-4c82b4bc865b |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125144549/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/11/which-countries-are-best-at-english-as-a-second-language-4d24c8c8-6cf6-4067-a753-4c82b4bc865b/ |archive-date=25 November 2016 |access-date= |publisher=World Economic Forum |language=en}}</ref> Ingles ang wika na may pinakamaraming mananalita sa kabuuan, na sinasalita sa lahat ng kontinente.{{sfn|Crystal|2003b|p=106}} Nakadepende ang dami ng mga mananalita bilang pangalawang wika o bilang banyagang wika sa antas ng kagalingan, mula 400 milyon hanggang lagpas 1 bilyon.{{sfn|Crystal|2003b|pp=108–109}} Tinataya naman noong 2003 na mas marami ang mananalita ng Ingles bilang pangalawang wika kumpara sa mga katutubong mananalita nito nang tatlo sa isa.{{sfn|Crystal|2003a|p=69}} === Tatlong bilog ng Ingles === [[File:EF_English_Proficiency_Index_2019_Europe.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:EF_English_Proficiency_Index_2019_Europe.svg|thumb|Kagalingan sa wikang Ingles ng piling mga bansa sa [[Europa]] at [[Dagat Mediteraneo|Mediteraneo]] ayon sa isang ulat noong 2019:<ref>{{cite web |title=EF English Proficiency Index 2019 |url=https://www.ef.com/assetscdn/WIBIwq6RdJvcD9bc8RMd/cefcom-epi-site/reports/2019/ef-epi-2019-english.pdf |pages=6–7 |language=en}}</ref> {{legend|#407294|Napakataas (63.07–70.27)}} {{legend|#5A857D|Mataas (58.26–61.86)}} {{legend|#9DBB88|Katamtaman (52.50–57.38)}} {{legend|#E7CB5B|Mababa (48.69–52.39)}} {{legend|#F47B4B|Napakababa (40.87–48.19)}} {{legend|#c0c0c0|Hindi kasama sa ulat}}]] Grinupo ng [[Lingguwistika|lingwistang]] si [[Braj Kachru]] ang mga bansa sa mundo sa tatlong bilog ayon sa antas ng paggamit sa wikang Ingles rito. Ipinapakita ng modelong ito ang pagkalat ng Ingles mula sa mga katutubong bansa nito patungo sa iba, gayundin sa dami ng gumagamit nito sa isang partikular na bansa. Tinatawag ang tatlong bilog bilang "loob", "labas", at "lumalawak". Maaaring gumalaw ang mga bansa papaloob o papalabas depende sa magiging kahihinatnan ng wika rito sa hinaharap.{{sfn|Kachru|2006|p=196}}{{sfn|Svartvik|Leech|2006|p=2}} * '''Loobang bilog''' ({{Lang|en|inner circle}}) ang mga bansa na may malaking porsyento ng populasyon ang katutubong mananalita ng Ingles. Kabilang rito ang [[Reyno Unido]], [[Estados Unidos]], [[Canada|Kanada]], [[Australia]], [[Nueva Selanda]], [[Irlanda]], at [[Timog Aprika]].{{sfn|Kachru|2006|p=196}} * '''Labas na bilog''' ({{Lang|en|outer circle}}) ang mga bansa na may mas maliit na bilang ng mga katutubong mananalita ng Ingles ngunit ginagamit bilang pangalawang wika para sa mga pang-araw-araw na gawain at institusyon kagaya sa edukasyon, pamahalaan, at negosyo. Kabilang rito ang [[Pilipinas]], gayundin ang [[Nigeria]], [[Indiya|India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Malaysia|Malasya]], [[Singapore|Singapura]], at [[Jamaica|Hamayka]].{{sfn|Bao|2006|p=377}} * '''Lumalawak na bilog''' ({{Lang|en|expanding circle}}) ang mga bansa kung saan hindi karaniwang sinasalita ang Ingles at tinuturo bilang isang banyagang wika. Sa mga bansang ito kumakalat ang wikang Ingles dahil sa katayuan nito bilang isang pandaigdigang wika.{{sfn|Trudgill|Hannah|2008|p=5}} === Plurisentrikong wika === Isang [[plurisentrikong wika]] ang Ingles; ibig sabihin, wala itong iisang pambansang otoridad na namamahala sa pamantayan ng wika.{{sfn|Trudgill|Hannah|2008|p=2}}{{sfn|Romaine|1999}}{{sfn|Baugh|Cable|2002}} Madalas na sinusundan ng sinasalitang Ingles lalo na sa brodkasting ang mga pambansang pamantayan sa pagbigkas na kinagisnan imbes na isinakodigo. Karaniwang malalaman sa kanilang [[aksent]] kung saan nagmula ang mga brodkaster,{{sfn|Trudgill|2006}} pero madalas na sinusulat ang iskrip sa mga balita sa isang [[Ortograpiya ng wikang Ingles|pandaigdigang anyo ng pamantayang Ingles]]. Tipikal na dinidikta ng konsenso mula sa mga iskolar ng wika ang mga karaniwang gawi sa pagsusulat sa Ingles, hindi mula sa isang pamahalaan o pandaigdigang organisasyon.{{sfn|Ammon|2008|pp=1537–1539}} Maiintindihan ng mga Amerikanong tagapakinig ang maraming brodkast na nagmula sa Britanya at kabaligtaran. Maiintindihan ng mga mananalita ng Ingles ang karamihan sa kahit anong mga programa sa radyo at telebisyon gayundin sa mga pelikulang nagmula sa mga [[Anglospero|bansang nagsasalita ng Ingles]].{{sfn|Svartvik|Leech|2006|p=122}} Parehong may pormal at di-pormal na estilo ang pamantayan at panrehiyong barayti ng Ingles, at tanging nagkakaiba lamang sa mga salitang ginagamit (hal. {{Lang|en|lift}} sa Britanya habang {{Lang|en|elevator}} sa Amerika), sintaksis (hal. {{Lang|en|on the weekend}} sa Amerika habang {{Lang|en|at the weekend}} sa Britanya), at paggamit sa teknikal at di-teknikal na rehistro.{{sfn|Trudgill|Hannah|2008|pp=5–6}} Dahil sa kasaysayan ng paninirahan sa mga bansang nasa loobang bilog, nagawang maipantay ng Britanya ang pagkakaiba sa dayalekto at makagawa ng mga anyong [[koine]] ng Ingles sa [[Timog Aprika]], [[Australya|Australia]], at [[Nueva Selanda]].{{sfn|Deumert|2006|p=130}} Mabilis na natutong mag-Ingles ang marami sa mga migranteng nanirahan sa Estados Unidos. Sa kasalukuyan, malaking bahagdan ng populasyon ng Estados Unidos ngayon ay kaya lamang magsalita ng iisang wika.{{sfn|Deumert|2006|p=131}}{{sfn|Ryan|2013|loc=Table 1}} Ukol sa pambansang katayuan ng wikang Ingles sa mga piling bansa, * Sa Australia, walang itinalagang opisyal na wika sa parehong pambansa at pang-estadong lebel.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ward |first=Rowena |date=2019 |title='National' and 'Official' Languages Across the Independent Asia-Pacific |trans-title='Pambansa' at 'Opisyal' na mga Wika ng Malayang Asya-Pasipiko|lang=en|journal=Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies |volume=16 |issue=1/2 |pages=83–84 |doi=10.5130/pjmis.v16i1-2.6510 |doi-access=free}}</ref> * Sa [[Kanada]], parehong opisyal na wika sa pambansang lebel ang Ingles at [[Wikang Pranses|Pranses]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.gc.ca/web/article-eng.do?m=/index&nid=480459 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130410031606/http://news.gc.ca/web/article-eng.do?m=/index&nid=480459 |url-status=dead |archive-date=10 April 2013 |title=40 Years of the Official Languages Act |publisher=Department of Justice Canada |lang=en|trans-title=40 Taon ng Official Languages Act}}</ref> Opisyal na wika (o isa sa mga opisyal na wika) rin sa anim na lalawigan at tatlong teritoryo ang Ingles, habang wala namang itinalagang opisyal na wika sa tatlong lalawigan. Sa [[Québec|Quebec]], Pranses lamang ang tanging opisyal na wika nito.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.legisquebec.gouv.qc.ca/en/tdm/cs/C-11 |title=Charter of the French language |last= |first= |date=26 March 2024 |website=Légis Québec |publisher=Québec Official Publisher |lang=en|trans-title=Karta ng Wikang Pranses}}</ref> * Sa [[Republika ng Irlanda|Irlanda]], Ingles ang itinalagang pangalawang wika ng bansa, habang [[Wikang Irlandes|Irlandes]] naman ang itinalagang unang wika.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html#part2 |title=Article 8 of the Constitution of Ireland|trans-title=Artikulo 8 ng Saligang-batas ng Irlanda|lang=en|last= |first= |date=January 2020 |website=Irish Statute Book}}</ref> * Bagamat mayorya ng populasyon ng Nueva Selanda ang nagsasalita ng Ingles, tanging [[Wikang Māori|Maori]] at ang [[Wikang nakasenyas ng Nueva Selanda|pambansang wikang nakasenyas]] nito ang itinalagang opisyal na wika ng bansa.<ref>{{cite web |title=Maori Language Act 1987 |url=http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1987/0176/latest/DLM124116.html |lang=en}}</ref> <ref>{{cite news |url=http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/488120/696482 |title=Recognition for sign language |date=6 April 2006 |work=[[Television New Zealand]] |trans-title=Pagkilala sa wikang nakasenyas |lang=en |access-date=21 Enero 2026 |archive-date=15 Mayo 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110515221254/http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/488120/696482 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Walang itinalagang opisyal na wika sa [[Reyno Unido]]. Gayunpaman, sa [[Gales]] at [[Hilagang Irlanda]], Ingles ang isa sa mga opisyal na wika nito.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Huws |first1=Catrin Fflur |title=The Welsh Language Act 1993: A Measure of Success?|trans-title=Ang Welsh Language Act 1993: Panukat sa Tagumpay?|lang=en |journal=Language Policy |date=June 2006 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=141–160 |doi=10.1007/s10993-006-9000-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 October 2022 |title=Irish language and Ulster Scots bill clears final hurdle in Parliament|trans-title=Nalampasan na ng panukalang Irish language at Ulster Scots ang huling balakid nito sa Parlamento|lang=en|work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-63402597}}</ref> Walang itinalagang opisyal na wika sa [[Eskosya]] at [[Inglatera]]. * Sa [[Estados Unidos]], Ingles ang itinalagang opisyal na wika ng bansa sa bisa ng isang kautusang tagapagpaganap noong 2025.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Ho |first1=Vivian |last2=Pannett |first2=Rachel |date=1 March 2025 |title=A Trump order made English the official language of the U.S. What does that mean? |trans-title=Ginawa sa bisa ng isang utos ni Trump ang wikang Ingles bilang opisyal na wika ng Estados Unidos. Ano'ng ibig sabihin nito?|lang=en|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2025/03/01/trump-english-official-language-explainer/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Opisyal na wika (o isa sa mga opisyal na wika) ang Ingles sa 32 estado at limang teritoryo. Walang itinalagang opisyal na wika sa natitirang 18 estado at sa [[Distrito ng Columbia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/#people-and-society |title=United States |date=29 May 2024 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |trans-title=Estados Unidos |lang=en |access-date=21 Enero 2026 |archive-date=12 Disyembre 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211212224932/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/united-states/#people-and-society |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Pandaigdigang wika === [[File:Countries_in_which_English_Language_is_a_Mandatory_or_an_Optional_Subject.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Countries_in_which_English_Language_is_a_Mandatory_or_an_Optional_Subject.svg|thumb|Katayuan ng wikang Ingles sa pampublikong edukasyon sa bawat rehiyon:<ref>{{cite web |title=Countries in which English Language is a Mandatory or an Optional Subject |trans-title=Mga Bansa kung saan isang Kinakailangan o Mapipiling Asignatura ang Wikang Ingles |url=https://www.uwinnipeg.ca/global-english-education/countries-in-which-english-is-mandatory-or-optional-subject.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031000038/https://www.uwinnipeg.ca/global-english-education/countries-in-which-english-is-mandatory-or-optional-subject.html |archive-date=31 October 2022 |access-date= |publisher=The University of Winnipeg |language=en}}</ref>{{legend|#00a2e8|Kinakailangang asignatura}}{{legend|#ffc90e|Mapipiling asignatura}}{{legend|#ababab|Walang datos}}]] Inilalarawan minsan ang wikang Ingles bilang ang pinakaunang pandaigdigang ''[[lingua franca]]'',{{sfn|Graddol|2006}}{{sfn|Meierkord|2006|p=165}} o di kaya'y bilang ang pinakaunang [[pandaigdigang wika]].{{sfn|Brutt-Griffler|2006|pp=690–691}}{{sfn|Northrup|2013}} Pinakaginagamit na wika ang Ingles pagdating sa paglalathala, telekomunikasyon, kalakalan, libangan, at diplomasya.{{sfn|Northrup|2013}} Nakamit nito ang pagkapantay sa [[wikang Pranses]] noong 1919 sa kasagsagan ng negosasyon sa [[Kasunduan sa Versailles]].{{sfn|Phillipson|2004|p=47}} Pagsapit ng pagtatag sa [[Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa]] noong 1945, naging pangunahing wika na ang Ingles;{{sfn|Conrad|Rubal-Lopez|1996|p=261}} isa ito sa anim na opisyal na wika ng naturang organisasyon at ang kasalukuyang pinakaginagamit na wika sa pandaigdigang diplomasya at pakikipag-ugnayan.{{sfn|United Nations|2010}}{{sfn|Richter|2012|p=29}} Nakatalaga ang Ingles bilang isang opisyal na wika o di kaya'y wika ng trabaho sa maraming mga pandaigdigang organisasyon kagaya ng [[Pandaigdigang Lupong Olimpiko]] (IOC), Ginagamit rin ito bilang wika ng trabaho kahit maging sa mga panrehiyong organisasyon kagaya ng [[Samahan ng mga Bansa sa Timog-Silangang Asya]] (ASEAN) at [[Ekonomikong Kooperasyon sa Asya-Pasipiko]] (APEC), kung saan hindi gaanong kalaganap ang paggamit sa naturang wika sa mga kasaping bansa nito. Sa [[Unyong Europeo]] (EU), Ingles ang karaniwang ginagamit na wika ng trabaho ng mga kasaping bansa nito kahit na pinapayagan ng unyon na gumamit ang mga kasapi nito ng kahit anong wika.{{sfn|Ammon|2006|p=321}} Ingles ang ginagamit na basehan sa mga [[kontroladong likas na wika]],{{sfn|Wojcik|2006|p=139}} gayundin bilang ang wikang ginagamit sa larangan ng [[paglalayag]] at [[Abyasyon|pagpapalipad]].{{sfn|International Maritime Organization|2011}}{{sfn|International Civil Aviation Organization|2011}} [[File:English_Proficiency_Index_by_country_as_of_2014.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:English_Proficiency_Index_by_country_as_of_2014.svg|thumb|English Proficiency Index noong 2014:<ref>{{cite web |title=Countries in which English Language is a Mandatory or an Optional Subject |trans-title=Mga Bansa kung saan isang Kinakailangan o Mapipiling Asignatura ang Wikang Ingles |url=https://www.uwinnipeg.ca/global-english-education/countries-in-which-english-is-mandatory-or-optional-subject.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221031000038/https://www.uwinnipeg.ca/global-english-education/countries-in-which-english-is-mandatory-or-optional-subject.html |archive-date=31 October 2022 |access-date= |publisher=The University of Winnipeg |language=en}}</ref> {{legend|#225500|Napakataas (80–100%)}} {{legend|#44aa00|Mataas (60–80%)}} {{legend|#66ff00|Katamtaman (40–60%)}} {{legend|#99ff55|Mababa (20–40%)}} {{legend|#ccffaa|Napakababa (0.1–20%)}} {{legend|#c0c0c0|Walang datos}}]] Wikang Ingles ang pinaka-inaaral na banyagang wika sa mundo.{{sfn|Graddol|2006}}{{sfn|Crystal|2003a}} Nag-aaral ang karamihan sa mga tao ng Ingles dahil sa praktikal na kadahilanan at hindi sa ideolohiya.{{sfn|Kachru|2006|p=195}} Sa EU, Ingles ang pinakasinasalitang banyagang wika sa 19 sa 25 kasaping bansa nito kung saan hindi opisyal na wika ito. Ayon sa isang opisyal na poll noong 2012 (noong kasapi pa ang [[Reyno Unido]]) sa mga kasaping bansa na hindi opisyal na wika ang Ingles, 38% ng mga sumagot ay nagsabing kaya nilang makapagsalita ng Ingles sa antas ng pakikipag-usap sa iba.{{sfn|European Commission|2012|pp=21, 19}} Kinokonekta ang matinding impluwensiya ng Ingles sa pagbilis ng [[Kamatayan ng wika|kamatayan ng ibang mga maliliit na wika]];{{sfn|Crystal|2000}} dahil rito, inaakusahan din ang wika ng [[Imperyalismong pangwika|imperyalismo]] at marami rin ang aktibong tumututol sa paggamit nito.{{sfn|Jambor|2007}} Gayunpaman, patuloy pa ring dumadami ang mga mananalita ng Ingles dahil sa paniniwalang nagdadala ng kaginhawaan at mas mabuting buhay ang paggamit nito.{{sfn|Svartvik|Leech|2006|loc=Chapter 12: English into the Future}} Kinakailangang marunong sa wikang Ingles sa maraming mga larangan kagaya ng sa [[medisina]] at [[kompyuting]]. Bagamat magkasingpantay noon ang Ingles sa Pranses at [[Wikang Aleman|Aleman]] pagdating sa pananaliksik, Ingles na ang natatanging nananaig na wika sa kasalukuyan.{{sfn|Gordin|2015}} Makikita ang dominasyon nito sa [[maagham na paglalathala]] sa mga [[indeks]] ng mga [[siyentipikong dyornal]] kagaya ng ''Chemical Abstracts'': noong 1998, nasa lagpas 80% ng lahat na naka-indeks na siyentipikong artikulo ng dyornal ang nakasulat sa Ingles, 90% sa mga [[likas na agham]] noong 1996, at 82% sa [[araling pantao]] noong 1995.{{sfn|Brutt-Griffler|2006|pp=694–695}} Sa kasagsagan ng [[dekolonisasyon]] sa [[Imperyong Britaniko]] noong dekada 1950s at 1960s, patuloy na ginamit ng mga lumayang kolonya ang wikang Ingles imbes na alisin ito sa mga wika ng kanilang bansa.{{sfn|Mufwene|2006|p=614}}{{sfn|Northrup|2013|pp=81–86}} Halimbawa, patuloy na ginagamit sa [[India]] ang Ingles matapos nitong lumaya sa Reyno Unido. India ngayon ang ikatlong may pinakamaraming inilalathalang aklat sa naturang wika matapos ng [[Estados Unidos]] at Reyno Unido,{{sfn|Sailaja|2009|pp=2–9}} kahit na di lalagpas sa 5% ng populasyon nito ang marunong magsalita ng Ingles nang maayos. Noong 2004, ipinagpalagay ng iskolar na si David Crystal na India ang may pinakamalaking populasyon na kayang magsalita o makaunawa ng Ingles sa mundo,{{sfn|Crystal|2004}} bagamat marami ring iskolar na naniniwalang Estados Unidos pa rin ang may hawak sa naturang titulo.{{sfn|Graddol|2010}} Marami sa mga mananalita ng Ingles Aprika ang bahagi ng pamayanang "Apro-Sakson" ng kontinente.{{sfn|Mazrui|Mazrui|1998}} Pinaniniwalaan na mananatili ang Ingles bilang isang wikang [[koine]] sa hinaharap.{{sfn|Crystal|2006}} == Dayalekto, aksent, at barayti == Maraming [[Talaan ng mga dayalekto ng wikang Ingles|mga dayalekto]] ng wikang Ingles ang natukoy ng mga [[Dayalektolohiya|dayalektologo]], na kumakatawan sa panrehiyong pagkakaiba pagdating sa balarila, bokabularyo, at pagbigkas. Naiiba ito sa [[Mga panrehiyong aksent ng wikang Ingles|mga panrehiyong aksent]], na tanging tumutukoy lamang sa pagkakaiba sa pagbigkas. Karaniwang hinahati ng mga lingwista ang wikang Ingles sa dalawang malalawak na kategorya, [[Britanikong Ingles]] (BrE) at [[Hilagang Amerikanong Ingles]] (NAE).{{sfn|Crystal|2003b|p=107}} === Britanya at Irlanda === <gallery mode="packed"> File:Alain_de_Botton_on_Fear_of_Failure_at_Cannes_Lions_2012.flac|Boses ni [[Alain de Botton]], na may modernong aksent na RP. File:Danny_Baker_BBC_Radio4_Desert_Island_Discs_31_Jul_2007_b012wcl4.flac|Boses ni [[Danny Baker]], na may aksent na [[Cockney (aksent)|Cockney]]. File:Russell_brand_bbc_radio4_desert_island_discs_21_07_2013.flac|Boses ni [[Russell Brand]], na lumaki sa [[Essex]] at may aksent na [[Estuaryong Ingles]]. File:Damien_hirst_bbc_radio4_desert_island_discs_13_05_2013_b01sd0hy.flac|Boses ni [[Damien Hirst]], na may aksent na kanlurang [[Yorkshire (dayalekto)|Yorkshire]]. File:John_bishop_bbc_radio4_desert_island_discs_24_06_2012.flac|Boses ni [[John Bishop]], na may aksent na [[Scouse]]. File:Rob_Brydon_BBC_Radio4_Front_Row_18_Mar_2012_b01dhl11.flac|Boses ni [[Rob Brydon]], na may aksent na katimugang [[Ingles ng Gales|Gales]]. File:Alex_Salmond_BBC_Radio4_Desert_Island_Discs_16_January_2011_b00xgs41.flac|Boses ni [[Alex Salmond]], na gumagamit ng isa sa mga aksent ng [[Ingles ng Eskosya|Eskosya]]. File:George_Best_-_The_New_Elizabethans_-20_Jul_2012_-_b01kt7cs.flac|Boses ni [[George Best]], na may aksent na [[Ingles ng Ulster|Hilagang Irlanda]]. File:Mary_Robinson_-_Desert_Island_Discs_-_28_July_2013.flac|Boses ni [[Mary Robinson]], na gumagamit ng isa sa mga aksent ng [[Hiberno-Ingles|Irlanda]]. </gallery> [[File:Dialects_of_English_in_UK_and_Ireland.svg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dialects_of_English_in_UK_and_Ireland.svg|thumb|Mga pangunahing rehiyon ng mga dayalekto ng wikang Ingles sa [[Britanya (ngalan ng pook)|Britanya]] at [[Irlanda (pulo)|Irlanda]].]] Dahil sinasalita na ang wikang Ingles sa Britanya sa nakalipas na humigit-kumulang 1,500 taon, maraming mga dayalekto ng wika ang nabuo rito.{{sfn|Trudgill|1999|p=10}} Sa [[United Kingdom|Reyno Unido]], itinuturing ang [[Received Pronunciation]] (RP, {{Literal|Tamang Pagbigkas}}), isang edukadong aksent na nagmula sa [[Timog-silangang Inglatera]], bilang ang tradisyonal na pamantayang ginagamit sa [[brodkasting]] partikular na ang [[BBC]] (kaya tinatawag din itong {{Lang|en|BBC English}}, {{Literal|Ingles ng BBC}}) at kinokonsidera bilang pinaka-prestihiyoso sa lahat ng mga dayalekto ng bansa. Ang mabilis na pagkalat ng aksent na ito dahil sa midya ang siyang itinuturong dahilan sa mabilis ding pagbaba ng paggamit sa mga panlalawigang aksent. Napag-alaman sa [[Sarbey ng mga Dayalekto ng Ingles]] noong 1950 hanggang 1951 na bagamat may pagkakaiba pa rin sa balarila at bokabularyo ang mga dayalekto ng wikang Ingles sa Reyno Unido, mapapansing kumokonti ang pagkakaibang ito sa paglipas ng panahon.{{sfn|Trudgill|1999|p=125}} Gayunpaman, tanging naapektuhan lamang ang mga pagkakaiba ng mga dayalekto pagdating sa balarila at bokabularyo. Nasa 3% lamang ng mga Ingles ang aktuwal na gumagamit ng RP sa karaniwang usapan; ginagamit ng natirang 97% ang mga panrehiyong aksent na naimpluwensiyahan lamang ng RP sa iba't ibang antas.{{sfn|Hughes|Trudgill|1996|p=3}} Meron ding pagkakaiba sa mga gumagamit ng RP, lalo na sa [[panlipunang uri]] sa pagitan ng RP ng Mataas at Mababang Uri gayundin sa katutubong mananalita ng RP at sa mga gumagamit ng RP pero hindi lumaki sa naturang aksent.{{sfn|Hughes|Trudgill|1996|p=37}} Sa Britanya, may maituturing ding pagkakaiba sa pagitan ng mga panlipunang uri; kinokonsidera bilang taliwas sa pamantayan ang ilang mga katangian kahit na di-hamak na laganap ito na madalas ding idinidikit sa pananalita ng mabababang uri. Halimbawa nito sa kasaysayan ang [[Pagtatanggal ng h|pagtatanggal ng ''h'']] ng mga mabababang uring mananalita ng [[Ingles ng London]], lalo na ang Cockney, na ngayo'y isa na'ng karaniwang katangian ng naturang dayalekto. Gayunpaman, nananatili pa rin itong wala sa rehistro ng mga matatataas na uri ng lipunang Britaniko.{{sfn|Hughes|Trudgill|1996|p=40}} Mahahati sa apat na pangunahing rehiyon ng dayalekto ang Ingles sa Inglatera: Timog-silangan, Timog-kanluran (kilala ring [[Ingles ng West Country]]), Midlands, at Hilaga. Sa bawat rehiyon na ito, meron ding mga dayalekto: nahahati ang Hilaga sa mga dayalektong [[Yorkshire (dayalekto)|Yorkshire]], [[Geordie]] (sinasalita sa [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]]), at [[Lanchashire (dayalekto)|Lanchashire]], na kinabibilangan ng mga suburbanong dayalekto ng [[Manchester]] ([[Manchester (dayalekto)|Mancunian]]) at [[Liverpool]] ([[Scouse]]). Dahil sa pagiging sentro ng [[Danelaw|pananakop ng mga Danes]] noong kapanahunan ng [[mga Viking]] sa Inglatera, nanatili ang mga Nordikong katangian sa wika sa mga dayalektong ito kesa sa ibang mga rehiyon, lalo na sa dayalektong Yorkshire.{{sfn|Hughes|Trudgill|1996|p=31}} Samantala, sa [[Kanlurang Midlands]], naipreserba naman sa mga dayalektong tulad ng [[Black Country]] ([[Black Country (dayalekto)|Yam Yam]]) at sa [[Birmingham]] ([[Brummie]]) ang mga arkaikong katangian mula sa [[Maagang modernong Ingles|maagang moderno]] at [[Gitnang Ingles]] kagaya ng mga Hermanikong elemento sa balarila at bokabularyo.{{sfn|Clark|Asprey|2013}} Simula noong ika-15 siglo, nakasentro sa London ang mga dayalekto ng Timog-silangang Inglatera. Tradisyonal na ginagamit doon ang dayalektong [[Cockney (dayalekto)|Cockney]] ng mga mabababang uri kaya mababa rin ang tingin dito. Dahil sa pagkalat ng mga katangian ng Cockney sa ibang mga dayalekto sa rehiyon, kinokonsidera ng midya ito bilang isang bagong dayalekto ng Estuaryong Ingles, bagamat tutol dito ang ilang mga lingwista dahil sa impluwensiya ng London sa karatig-lugar nito noon pa man.{{sfn|Roach|2009|p=4}}{{sfn|Trudgill|1999|p=80}} Ilan sa mga katangiang kumalat mula London ang mga sumusunod:{{sfn|Trudgill|1999|pp=80–81}} * [[Sumisingit na R|sumisingit na ''R'']]'','' pagbigkas ng salitang {{Lang|en|drawing}} ("pagguhit") bilang {{Lang|en|drawring}} {{IPA|/ˈdrɔːrɪŋ/}} kung saan sumisingit sa isang bahagi ng salita ang [[Katinig na tunog-R|tunog na ''r'']]. * [[Glotalisasyon ng t|glotalisasyon ng ''t'']]'','' pagbigkas sa {{Lang|en|[[Harry Potter|Potter]]}} bilang {{Lang|en|Po'er}} {{IPA|/ˈpɒʔə/}} kung saan pinapalitan ang tunog na ''t'' ng [[impit]]) * [[Paghaharap ng th|paghaharap ng ''th'']], pagbigkas sa {{Lang|en|thanks}} ("salamat") bilang {{Lang|en|fanks}} o {{Lang|en|bother}} ("abala") bilang {{Lang|en|bover}} kung saan nagiging ''f'' o ''v'' ang tunog na ''th''. Kinokonsidera na ngayon bilang hiwalay na wika ang [[wikang Scots]], pero nagmula ito sa maagang Hilagang Gitnang Ingles,{{sfn|Aitken|McArthur|1979|p=81}} at nadebelop at naimpluwensiyahan kalaunan ng ibang mga wika kagaya ng [[wikang Gaeliko]] at [[Wikang Lumang Nordiko|Lumang Nordiko]]. Nagtataglay din ng maraming dayalekto ang wikang Scots. Bukod dito, kabilang ang [[Ingles ng Eskosya]] sa mga barayti ng pamantayang Ingles sa [[Eskosya]]; karamihan sa mga ito ay mga dayalekto ng hilagang Inglatera na naimpluwensiyahan ng wikang Scots.{{sfn|Romaine|1982}} Samantala, sa [[Irlanda (pulo)|Irlanda]], maraming mga anyo ng wikang Ingles ang nagsimulang gamitin matapos ang [[Pananakop ng mga Anglo-Norman sa Irlanda|pananakop ng mga Anglo-Norman sa naturang rehiyon]] noong ika-11 siglo. Sa [[kondado ng Wexford]] at sa rehiyong pumapalibot sa [[Dublin]] nadebelop ang dalawang dayalekto na ngayo'y wala na, [[Yola (dayalekto)|Forth and Bargy]] at [[Fingallian]]. Parehong nagmula ito sa [[Maagang Modernong Ingles]] at ginamit hanggang noong ika-19 na siglo. Gayunpaman, nagmula ang modernong anyo ng [[Hiberno-Ingles|wikang Ingles sa Irlanda]] sa kolonisasyon ng mga Ingles simula noong ika-17 siglo. Sa kasalukuyan, nahahati ang Ingles ng Irlanda sa [[Ingles ng Ulster]], [[Ingles ng Hilagang Irlanda]] na naimpluwensiyahan nang matindi ng wikang Scots, at marami pang mga dayalekto sa Irlanda. Kagaya ng dayalekto ng Eskosya gayundin ng karamihan sa mga dayalekto ng Hilagang Amerika, nananatili ang [[Katinig na tunog-R|rotosidad]] sa halos lahat ng mga dayalekto sa naturang rehiyon di tulad ng mga dayalektong naimpluwensiyahan ng RP.{{sfn|Barry|1982|pp=86–87}}{{sfn|Hickey|2007}} === Hilagang Amerika === <gallery mode="packed"> File:Emery_Emery_Voice.ogg|Boses ni [[Emery Emery]], na lumaki sa [[Midwest (Estados Unidos)|Midwest]] sa Estados Unidos at may aksent na [[Pangkalahatang Amerikanong Ingles|Pangkalahatang Amerikano]]. File:Rep._Martha_Roby's_"Roller_Coaster"_Speech_Sound_Bite.flac|Boses ni [[Martha Roby]], na lumaki sa [[Alabama]] na may aksent na [[Katimugang Estados Unidos (aksent)|Timog Amerikano]]. File:Chuck_Zito_on_Becoming_a_Hells_Angel.flac|Boses ni [[Chuck Zito]], na may aksent na [[New York (aksent)|New York]]. File:Sec._Walsh_on_Construction_Jobs_in_Infrastructure_Bill_v2.flac|Boses ni [[Marty Walsh]], na may aksent na [[Boston (aksent)|Boston]]. File:On_the_phone-_Russell_Gage.ogg|Boses nina [[D.J. Shockley]] at [[Russell Gage]], na parehong may aksent na [[Aprikanong Amerikanong Bernakulong Ingles|Aprikanong Amerikano]]. File:Margaret_atwood_bbc_radio4_front_row_27_07_2007_b007tjpb.flac|Boses ni [[Margaret Atwood]], na may aksent na [[Pamantayang Ingles ng Canada|Pamantayang Canada]]. </gallery> [[File:Population_speaking_English_at_home_by_PUMA.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Population_speaking_English_at_home_by_PUMA.png|thumb|Bahagdan ng mga Amerikanong edad lima pataas sa [[Estado ng Estados Unidos|50 estado]], [[Washington, D.C.|Washington DC]], at [[Puerto Rico]] na nagsasalita ng wikang Ingles sa tahanan, ayon sa [[American Community Survey]], isang sarbey na isinagawa noong 2016 hanggang 2021]] Dahil sa mataas-taas na antas ng paghahalo, akomodasyon, at [[Wikang koine|koinesasyon]] na naganap noong panahong kolonyal sa [[Hilagang Amerika]], itinuturing ang [[Wikang Ingles ng Hilagang Amerika|mga dayalekto ng wikang Ingles]] sa kontinente bilang walang pinagkaiba sa isa't isa kumpara sa [[Inglatera]]. Gayunpaman, ipinapakita sa modernong pananaliksik na may mga pagkakaiba rin ang mga dayalekto at barayti ng wika sa Hilagang Amerika. Tumataas ang baryasyon sa aksent sa Estados Unidos sa panrehiyong antas pero bumababa sa lokal na antas,{{sfn|Labov|2012}} bagamat nananatili pa rin itong nasa isang kontinuo ng mga magkakaparehong aksent na kilala sa tawag na [[Pangkalahatang Amerikano]] (GA).{{sfn|Wells|1982|p=34}} Kinokonsiderang bahagi ng Pangkalahatang Amerikano ang mga barayti ng [[wikang Ingles ng Canada]] maliban sa [[Atlantikong Canada|rehiyong Atlantiko]] ng bansa gayundin sa [[Québec|Quebec]], bagamat may mga maliliit na pagkakaiba sila sa mga aksent ng Estados Unidos kagaya ng pagtaas ng mga patinig na {{IPAc-en|aɪ}} at {{IPAc-en|aʊ}} bago ang mga [[Tunog (ponetika)|di-matutunog na katinig]] at mga pagkakaiba sa pagsusulat at pagbigkas sa mga salita.{{sfn|Boberg|2010}} Kabilang sa [[Ingles ng Atlantikong Canada]] ang [[Maritime (aksent)|Maritime]] at [[Ingles ng Newfoundland|Newfoundland]], at naimpluwensiyahan ng wikang Ingles ng Britanya at Irlanda, gayundin ng mga [[wikang Irlandes]], [[Wikang Gaeliko|Gaeliko]], at [[Wikang Pranses|Pranses]], partikular na ang barayti na [[Wikang Pranses ng Acadia|Acadia]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Labov |first=William |title=The Atlas of North American English |last2=Ash |first2=Sharon |last3=Boberg |first3=Charles |publisher=De Gruyter |year=2006 |location=Berlin |language=en |trans-title=Ang Atlas ng Ingles ng Hilagang Amerika}}</ref> Karamihan sa mga aksent ng Hilagang Amerika ay pawang mga [[Katinig na tunog-R|rotiko]]; ibig sabihin, binibigkas nila ang tunog na ''r''. Di tulad ng sitwasyon sa Britanya, itinuturing itong prestihiyoso lalo na sa pagtatapos ng [[Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig]],{{sfn|Labov|1972}} kung saan hinahanay ang di pagbigkas sa ''r'' sa mga mababang uri at di nakapagtapos. Sa kasalukuyan, nananaig na ang rotosidad sa [[Ingles ng Katimugang Amerika]], mula sa [[Lumang wikang Ingles ng Katimugang Estados Unidos|historikal na pagkaprestihiyoso]] ng di pagbigkas sa ''r''.{{sfn|Levine|Crockett|1966}}{{sfn|Schönweitz|2001}} Karaniwang inilalarawan ang mga aksent nito bilang {{Lang|en|twang}} (may katangian ng [[Nasalisasyon|pailong]]) o {{Lang|en|drawl}} (pinapahaba),{{sfn|Montgomery|1993}} at natutukoy agad dahil sa [[Monoptonggo|pagbubura ng patinig]] na {{IPA|/aɪ/}} sa pagbigkas sa mga salitang tulad ng {{Lang|en|spy}} ("espiya"), na binibigkas na parang {{Lang|en|spa}}, ang paghahati sa mga [[harapang patinig]] bilang mga [[Malapatinig|madudulas na patinig]] o maging dalawang hiwalay na pantig (hal. {{Lang|en|press}} "midya" na binibigkas na parang ''prey-us''),{{sfn|Thomas|2008|pp=95–96}} ang [[Pag-iisa ng bigkas sa pen at pin|pag-iisa ng bigkas]] sa {{Lang|en|pen}} ("panulat") at {{Lang|en|pin}} ("pantusok"), at iba pa. Karamihan sa mga pagbabagong ito ay nagsimula lamang noong ika-19 na siglo.{{sfn|Bailey|1997}} Samantala, ginagamit naman ng nagtatrabaho at gitnang uri ng [[Aprikanong Amerikano|mga Aprikanong Amerikano]] ang [[Aprikanong Amerikanong Bernakulong Ingles]] (AAVE). Di tulad ng karamihan ng mga aksent sa kontinente, karaniwan itong di-rotiko. Nagmula ito sa mga inaliping Aprikano at Aprikanong Amerikano na naimpluwensiyahan ng mga di-pamantayang aksent ng Katimugang Estados Unidos. Gayunpaman, pinaniniwalaan ng ilang mga lingwista na nagmula ito sa mga wikang Aprikano na sinasalita ng mga alipin na napilitang gumawa ng isang [[Wikang pidgin|pidgin]] o [[Mga wikang creole na nakabatay sa wikang Ingles|creole ng wikang Ingles]] upang magkaintindihan sila sa ibang mga aliping nagmula sa ibang lugar.{{sfn|Bailey|2001}} Dahil sa mga karaniwang katangian nito sa ibang mga aksent sa rehiyon, mabilis itong kumalat at ginamit sa lugar upang maging isa sa mga pangunahing aksent nito simula noong ika-19 at ika-20 siglo. Karaniwang hinahanay ang AAVE bilang isang anyo ng "pangit" na Ingles na sinasalita ng mga hindi edukado (kasama rin ang mga katimugang aksent ng [[Mga taong puti|mga Puti]]), bagamat unti-unti na itong kinikilala bilang isang ganap na barayti ng wikang Ingles.{{sfn|Green|2002}}{{sfn|Patrick|2006b}} === Australia at Nueva Selanda === <gallery mode="packed"> File:AustraliaPart2.ogg|Boses ng isang lalaki na may [[Ponolohiya ng wikang Ingles ng Australia|pangkalahatang aksent na Australia]]. File:Prime_Minister_Gillard_of_Australia_at_News_Conference_with_President_Obama.flac|Boses ni [[Julia Gillard]], na may [[Pangkaraniwang aksent ng wikang Ingles ng Australia|pangkaraniwang aksent na Australia]]. File:Geoffrey_Rush_bbc_radio4_front_row_01_05_2013.flac|Boses ni [[Geoffrey Rush]], na may [[Pangmayamang aksent ng wikang Ingles ng Australia|pangmayamang aksent na Australia]]. File:Eleanor_catton_bbc_radio4_womans_hour_09_09_2013.flac|Boses ni [[Eleanor Catton]], na may [[Ingles ng Nueva Selanda|aksent na Nueva Selanda]]. File:H.E._Mr._John_Key_Prime_Minister,_New_Zealand_-_speech_at_Connect_Asia-Pacific_2013_Summit.ogg|Boses ni [[John Key]], na may [[Ingles ng Nueva Selanda|aksent na Nueva Selanda]]. </gallery>Simula noong 1788, sinasalita na ang wikang Ingles sa kontinente ng [[Oseaniya]], at nadebelop ang [[wikang Ingles ng Australia]] bilang ang pangunahing wika ng mga naninirahan sa [[Australia]] sa ilalim ng [[Pangkalahatang aksent ng Australia|isang pangkalahatang aksent]]. Naging pangunahing wika rin [[Wikang Ingles ng Nueva Selanda|ang wikang Ingles]] sa [[Nueva Selanda]], bagamat hindi sa antas ng sa Australia.{{sfn|Eagleson|1982}} Magkaugnay ang dalawang uri ng wikang Ingles, na nag-impluwensiya sa isa't isa kasama ang mga [[wikang Ingles ng Timog Aprika]] at ng [[Wikang Ingles ng Timog-silangang Inglatera|Timog-silangang Inglatera]]. Tulad ng mga dayalektong ito, pawang mga di-rotiko rin ang mga wikang Ingles sa dalawang bansa, maliban sa [[pulong South]] sa Nueva Selanda. Partikular na kilala ang mga Ingles ng Australia at Nueva Selanda sa kanilang mga [[patinig]]: marami sa mga maiiksing patinig ang hinaharap o tinataas, habang nagiging mga [[diptonggo]] ang marami sa mga mahahabang patinig. Ipinapakita rin sa Ingles ng Australia ang pagtatangi sa mga maiiksi at mahahabang patinig, isang katangiang di nakikita sa ibang mga barayti ng wika. Humahanay rin ang balarila nito sa [[Britanikong Ingles|Britaniko]] at [[Amerikanong Ingles]]; kagaya ng sa Amerikanong Ingles, itinuturing ang mga [[Pangngalan|pangngalang]] kolektibo bilang isahan (hal. ginagamit sa pangngalang kolektibo na {{Lang|en|government}} ang [[Kopula|kopulang]] {{Lang|en|is}} imbes na ang katumbas nitong pangmaramihan na {{Lang|en|are}}).{{sfn|Trudgill|Hannah|2002|pp=16–21}}{{sfn|Burridge|2010}} Samantala, gumagamit naman ang Ingles ng Nueva Selanda ng mga [[harapang patinig]] na mas mataas pa kesa sa Ingles ng Australia.{{sfn|Trudgill|Hannah|2002|pp=24–26}}{{sfn|Maclagan|2010}}{{sfn|Gordon|Campbell|Hay et al.|2004}} === Timog-silangang Asya === <gallery mode="packed"> File:Declaration_of_Independence_Part_1.ogg|Boses ng isang lalaking may [[Wikang Ingles ng Singapura|aksent na Singapura]]. File:Dr._Villaverde_on_Conflicts_of_Interest_in_Medicine_and_Dr._Dans_on_Evidence-Based_Medicine_in_INCLEN.flac|Boses ng isang lalaki at babaeng may [[Pilipinong Ingles|aksent na Pilipino]]. </gallery>Isa sa mga [[opisyal na wika]] ang [[Pilipinong Ingles|wikang Ingles sa Pilipinas]], kung saan talamak ang paggamit sa naturang wika lalo na sa industriya, negosyo, midya, at mga dokumento ng pamahalaan. Naging mahalaga ito sa bansa simula noong [[Kasaysayan ng Pilipinas (1898–1946)|panahon ng mga Amerikano]] mula 1898 hanggang 1946.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Dayag |first1=Danilo |title=Philippine English: Linguistic and Literary Perspectives |date=2008 |publisher=Hong Kong University Press |isbn=978-962-209-947-0 |editor-last1=Bautista |editor-first=Ma. Lourdes |location=Hong Kong |pages=49–66 |language=en |trans-title=Pilipinong Ingles: Mga Pananaw sa Lingwistika at Panitikan |chapter=English-language media in the Philippines: Description and research |trans-chapter=Midya sa wikang Ingles sa Pilipinas: Paglalarawan at pananaliksik |doi=10.5790/hongkong/9789622099470.003.0004 |editor-last2=Bolton |editor-first2=Kingsley}}</ref> Ginagamit din ang [[Taglish]] bilang isang anyo ng [[pagpapalitang-kodigo]] sa pagitan ng [[wikang Tagalog]] at Ingles.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bautista |first1=Maria Lourdes S. |date=2004 |title=Tagalog-English Code-switching as a Mode of Discourse |trans-title=Pagpapalitang-kodigo sa Tagalog-Ingles bilang Paraan ng Diskurso |url=https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ720543.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Asia Pacific Education Review |language=en |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=226–233 |doi=10.1007/BF03024960 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515012035/https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ720543.pdf |archive-date=15 May 2022 |s2cid=145684166}}</ref> === Aprika, Karibe, at Timog Asya === <gallery mode="packed"> Talaksan:South African English.ogg|Boses ng isang lalaki na may aksent na [[Ingles ng mga Puting Timog Aprikano|Timog Aprika]]. Talaksan:Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie bbc radio4 front row 03 05 2013.flac|Boses ni [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]], na may edukadong aksent na [[Ingles ng Nigeria|Nigeria]]. Talaksan:Sylbourne Sydial with Nordia Teape on Integrated Diaspora Services.flac|Boses ng babae at lalaki na may aksent na [[Ingles ng Hamayka|Hamayka]]. Talaksan:Arundhati Roy BBC Radio4 Bookclub 2 Oct 2011 b015brn8.flac|Boses ni [[Arundhati Roy]], na may aksent na [[Ingles ng India|India]]. </gallery>Madalas na sinasalita ang wikang Ingles sa [[katimugang Aprika]], kung saan isa ito sa mga opisyal na wika ng mga bansa sa rehiyon. Sa [[Timog Aprika]], sinasalita na ang wikang Ingles simula pa noong 1820 kasama ng [[wikang Afrikaans]] at mga wikang Aprikanong tulad ng [[mga wikang Khoe]] at [[Mga wikang Bantu|Bantu]]. Sa kasalukuyan, tinatayang nasa 9% ng populasyon ng Timog Aprika ang nagsasalita ng [[wikang Ingles ng Timog Aprika]] (SAE) bilang kanilang unang wika. Isang di-rotikong barayti ang SAE na sumusunod madalas sa RP. Isa ito sa mga kaunting di-rotikong barayti ng wikang Ingles na walang [[Sumisingit na R|sumisingit na ''R'']]. Nakadepende sa mga katutubong wika ng mananalita ang mga barayti ng pangalawang wika sa bansa. Pawang mga patinig ang karamihan sa mga pagkakaiba sa ponolohiya mula sa RP.{{sfn|Lass|2002}} Kabilang sa mga pagkakaiba naman sa katinig ang tendensiya ng mga mananalita na bigkasin ang mga katinig na {{IPA|/p, t, t͡ʃ, k/}} nang walang [[Katinig na may paghinga|paghinga]] (hal. binibigkas ang {{Lang|en|pin}} ("pantusok") bilang {{IPA|[pɪn]}} imbes na {{IPA|[pʰɪn]}} tulad ng ibang mga barayti), habang [[Katinig na tunog-R|binibigkas naman ang ''r'']] bilang isang [[Simpleng katinig na pakatal|simpleng pakatal]] {{IPA|[ɾ]}} imbes bilang [[Katinig na pasutsot|pasutsot]].{{sfn|Trudgill|Hannah|2002|pp=30–31}} Sinasalita sa [[Nigeria]] ang [[Ingles ng Nigeria|isang barayti]] ng wikang Ingles, kung saan sinasalita ito sa iba't ibang antas ng humigit-kumulang 150 milyong katao. Bagamat tradisyonal na naimpluwensiyahan ng [[Britanikong Ingles]], unti-unti na'ng naiimpluwensiyahan rin ito ng [[Amerikanong Ingles]] simula noong ika-20 siglo. Umusbong din ang mga natatanging salita at konsepto sa naturang barayti na ito upang punan ang mga pangkulturang konsepto na natatangi sa bansa.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Adegbija |first1=Efurosibina |date=1989 |title=Lexico-semantic variation in Nigerian English |trans-title=Pagkakaibang leksikosemantiko sa Ingles ng Nigeria |journal=World Englishes |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=165–177 |doi=10.1111/j.1467-971X.1989.tb00652.x}}</ref> Kumalat ang mga barayti ng wikang Ingles sa mga dating sakop ng [[Imperyong Britaniko|Gran Britanya]] sa Karibe, kabilang na ang [[Jamaica|Hamayka]], [[kapuluang Leeward]] at [[Kapuluang Windward|Windward]], [[Trinidad at Tobago]], [[Barbados]], [[kapuluang Kayman]], at [[Belise]]. May mga sari-sariling barayti ng Ingles ang mga ito, gayundin ng mga wikang creole na nakabatay sa Ingles at mga wikang Aprikano. Pinakaprominente sa mga ito ang [[Ingles ng Hamayka]] at ang [[Wikang creole ng Hamayka|wikang creole]] nito. Sa [[Gitnang Amerika]], sinasalita ang mga wikang creole na nakabatay sa Ingles sa mga rehiyon ng [[Nicaragua]] at [[Panama]] na nakaharap sa Karibe.{{sfn|Lawton|1982}} Karaniwang bihasa ang mga mananalita sa mga ito sa parehong barayti ng Ingles at ng creole, at talamak ang [[pagpapalitang-kodigo]] sa mga ito. Inilalarawan ang sitwasyong ito bilang isang bahagi ng kontinuo kung saan itinuturing na pormal na [[Rehistro (sosyolingguwistika)|rehistro]] ang mga barayti ng Ingles habang di-pormal naman ang mga wikang creole.{{sfn|Trudgill|Hannah|2002|p=115}} Karamihan sa mga barayti ng wikang Ingles sa Karibe ay nakabatay sa Britanikong Ingles, kaya naman karamihan din sa mga ito ay pawang mga di-rotiko maliban sa pormal na rehistro ng wikang Ingles ng Hamayka, na karaniwang rotiko. Naiiba ang barayti na ito mula sa RP sa imbentaryo ng patinig nito, na itinatangi sa haba imbes sa diin tulad ng pamantayang wikang Ingles. Mga monoptonggo na {{IPA|[eː]}} at {{IPA|[oː]}} ang mga [[Diptonggo|diptonggong]] {{IPA|/ei/}} at {{IPA|/ou/}}. Minsan ding binibigkas ang {{IPA|[ie]}} at {{IPA|[uo]}} bilang kabaligtaran ng isa't isa (hal. binibigkas ang {{Lang|en|bay}} ("look") bilang {{IPA|[bʲeː]}}). Karaniwan ding tinatanggal ang huling bahagi ng isang [[kambal-katinig]] kung nasa dulo ito ng isang salita (hal. binibigkas ang {{Lang|en|child}} ("anak") bilang {{IPA|[t͡ʃail]}}),{{sfn|Trudgill|Hannah|2002|pp=117–118}}{{sfn|Lawton|1982|pp=256–260}}{{sfn|Trudgill|Hannah|2002|pp=115–116}} Samantala, sa [[Indiya|India]], karaniwang tinitingnan ang RP bilang ang "tamang" anyo ng wikang Ingles kaya ito rin ang ginagawang basehan para sa lokal na barayti nito. Matutukoy ang aksent ng Ingles ng India dahil sa pagbigkas sa mga ponemang tulad ng {{IPA|/t/}} at {{IPA|/d/}} bilang mga kaakibat nitong [[katinig sa dilang pulupot]] {{IPA|[ʈ]}} at {{IPA|[ɖ]}}, pagpapalit sa mga ponemang {{IPA|/θ/}} at {{IPA|/ð/}} sa katumbas nitong [[katinig sa ngipin]] {{IPA|[t̪]}} at {{IPA|[d̪]}}. Binibigkas din minsan ng ilang mga mananalita ng barayti ang mga salita ayon sa eksakto nitong pagbaybay (hal. binibigkas ang {{IPA|/gh/}} sa {{Lang|en|ghost}} bilang [[Tunog (ponetika)|matunog]] na [[Katinig na pasara|pasara]] na may paghinga {{IPA|[ɡʱ]}}, kahit na [[tahimik na titik]] ang ''h'' sa salitang ito).{{sfn|Sailaja|2009|pp=19–24}} === Di-katutubong barayti === <gallery mode="packed"> File:Non-native_English_reading_by_Spanish_native_speaker_003.ogg|Boses ng isang lalaking lumaki sa [[wikang Kastila]] na nagsasalita ng wikang Ingles. File:Japan_PM_Shinzo_Abe_addressing_US_Congress_2015.ogg|Boses ni [[Shinzo Abe]], isang [[Hapon|Hapones]], na nagsasalita ng wikang Ingles. File:Werner_Herzog_BBC_Radio4_Start_the_Week_26_March_2012_b01dtjcj.flac|Boses ni [[Werner Herzog]], isang [[Alemanya|Aleman]], na nagsalita ng wikang Ingles. </gallery>Maaaring iba ang pagbigkas sa mga salitang Ingles ang [[Wikang Ingles bilang pangalawa o banyagang wika|mga mananalitang hindi lumaki sa naturang wika]]. Dahil ito sa paglalapat nila sa [[ponolohiya]] ng kanilang [[Katutubong wika|wikang kinagisnan]] sa mga salitang ito o di kaya'y paggamit sa mga estratehiyang katulad sa mga paraan sa [[Pagtuto ng wika|pagtuto bilang pangunahing wika]]. Humahantong kalaunan ang mga ito sa mga di-karaniwang pagbigkas sa mga salita na hindi matatagpuan sa mga barayti ng wikang Ingles.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Bjarkman |first1=Peter C. |title=American Spanish Pronunciation |last2=Hammond |first2=Robert Matthew |date=1989 |publisher=Georgetown University Press |isbn=978-0-87840-099-7 |place=Washington, D.C. |page=226 |language=en |trans-title=Pagbigkas ng wikang Kastila ng Amerika}}</ref> == Ponolohiya == {{Main|Ponolohiya ng wikang Ingles}} {{IPA notice|bahaging|brackets=no}} Nagkakaiba ang [[ponolohiya ng wikang Ingles]] depende sa dayalekto, ngunit madalas pa ring nagkakaunawaan ang mga mananalita nito kahit ganito. Nakakapekto ang barayti ng [[ponolohiya]] sa imbentaryo ng mga [[ponema]], na siyang nagdidikta sa pagkakaiba sa [[ponetika]] at pagbigkas sa mga ponema. Inilalarawan ng bahaging ito ang mga [[Pamantayang wika|pamantayang barayti]] ng wikang Ingles: [[Received Pronunciation]] ng Reyno Unido at [[General American]] (GA, {{Literal|Pangkahalatang Amerikano}}) ng Estados Unidos. === Katinig === Nasa 24 na ponemang katinig ang marami sa mga dayalekto ng wikang Ingles; 26 kung isasama pati ang {{IPA|/x/}} at /ʔ/. Tumpak para sa Ingles ng California at sa RP ang sumusunod na imbentaryo. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+Mga ponemang katinig ng wikang Ingles ! colspan="2" {{Diagonal split header|[[Paraan ng artikulasyon|Paraan]]|[[Lugar ng artikulasyon|Lugar]]}} ! colspan="2" |[[Katinig sa labi|Labi]] ! colspan="2" |[[Katinig sa labi–ngipin|Labi–ngipin]] ! colspan="2" |[[Katinig sa ngipin|Ngipin]] ! colspan="2" |[[Katinig sa gilagid|Gilagid]] ! colspan="2" |[[Katinig sa likurang gilagid|Likurang gilagid]] ! colspan="2" |[[Katinig sa paleta|Paleta]] ! colspan="2" |[[Katinig sa ngala-ngala|Ngala-ngala]] ! colspan="2" |[[Katinig sa tagukan|Tagukan]] |- ! colspan="2" |[[Katinig na pailong|Pailong]] | style="border-right: 0;" | | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|m}} | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | style="border-right: 0;" | | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|n}} | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | style="border-right: 0;" | | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|ŋ}} | colspan="2" | |- ! colspan="2" |[[Katinig na pasara|Pasara]] | style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|p}} | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|b}} | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|t}} | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|d}} | style="border-right: 0;" | | style="border-left: 0;" | | colspan="2" | | style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|k}} | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|ɡ}} | style="border-right: 0;" |({{IPA link|ʔ}}) | style="border-left: 0;" | |- ! colspan="2" |[[Katinig na pasara-sutsot|Pasara-sutsot]] | style="border-right: 0;" | | style="border-left: 0;" | | colspan="2" | | style="border-right: 0;" | | style="border-left: 0;" | | colspan="2" | | style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|tʃ}} | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|dʒ}} | colspan="2" | | style="border-right: 0;" | | style="border-left: 0;" | | colspan="2" | |- ! colspan="2" |[[Katinig na pasutsot|Pasutsot]] | colspan="2" | | style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|f}} | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|v}} | style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|θ}} | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|ð}} | style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|s}} | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|z}} | style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|ʃ}} | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|ʒ}} | colspan="2" | | style="border-right: 0;" |({{IPA link|x}}) | style="border-left: 0;" | | style="border-right: 0;" |{{IPA link|h}} | style="border-left: 0;" | |- ! rowspan="2" |[[Katinig na palapit|Palapit]] ![[Katinig na pagitna|Gitna]] | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | style="border-right: 0;" | | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|ɹ}} | style="border-right: 0;" | | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|j}} | style="border-right: 0;" | | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|w}} | colspan="2" | |- ![[Katinig na pagilid|Gilid]] | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | style="border-right: 0;" | | style="border-left: 0;" |{{IPA link|l}} | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | | colspan="2" | |- |} Inilalarawan ang mga bawat pares ng mga [[tunog na may harang]] ([[Katinig na pasara|pasara]], [[Katinig na pasara-sutsot|pasara-sutsot]], [[Katinig na pasutsot|pasutsot]]) bilang [[Fortis at lenis|''fortis'' at ''lenis'']] ("malakas" at "mahina"). Sa bawat pares, una ang ''fortis'' habang pangalawa naman ang ''lenis''. Mas matindi ang pagpapalabas ng hangin sa mga katinig na ''fortis'' at palaging [[Kawalang-tunog|di-matunog]]. Bahagya namang [[Tunog (ponetika)|matunog]] ang mga katinig na ''lenis'' sa simula at dulo ng salita, at ganap na matunog kung nasa pagitan ng mga patinig. May mga karagdagang artikulasyon ang mga katinig na ''fortis'' sa ilang mga dayalekto, tulad halimbawa ng [[Katinig na may ihip|pag-ihip]] (hal. {{IPA|[pʰ]}}) kung mag-isa ito o nasa simula ng [[Diin (lingwistika)|nakadiin]] na pantig. Sa mga salitang may iisang [[pantig]], mas maiksi ang pagbigkas sa mga ito kumpara sa katumbas nitong ''lenis;'' halimbawa, mas mabilis bigkasin ang salitang {{Lang|en|nip}} ("kurot") kesa sa {{Lang|en|nib}} ("dulo ng panulat").{{sfn|Collins|Mees|2003|pp=47–53}} May dalawang alopono ang [[katinig na palapit pagilid]] {{IPA|/l/}} sa RP: {{IPA|[l]}} (hal. {{Lang|en|light}} {{IPA|[laɪt]}} "liwanag") na inilalarawan bilang ''malinaw'', at {{IPA|[ɫ]}} (hal. {{Lang|en|full}} {{IPA|[fʊɫ]}} "puno [ng laman]") na inilalarawan naman bilang ''madilim''.{{Sfn|Trudgill|Hannah|2008|p=13}} Samantala, mas madalas na madilim na anyo ang ginagamit sa GA.{{Sfn|Trudgill|Hannah|2008|p=41}} Nawawalan ng tunog naman ang mga [[tunog na walang harang]] ([[malapatinig]], [[Katinig na pailong|pailong]], [[Likidong katinig|likido]]) kapag sumusunod sa isang di-matunog na tunog na may harang, at palaging silabiko ang mga ito kapag sumusunod sa isang katinig sa dulo ng mga salita.{{sfn|Brinton|Brinton|2010|pp=56–59}} == Talababa == {{notelist}} == Sanggunian == {{reflist}} === Pinagkunan === <!-- The entries in this bibliography are in alphabetical order. Comments show the names of named references. --> {{refbegin|30em}} <!-- AartsHaegeman2006 -->* {{cite book |first1=Bas |last1=Aarts |first2=Liliane |last2=Haegeman |date=2006 |chapter=English Word classes and Phrases |trans-chapter=Mga klase ng salita at parirala sa Ingles|title=The Handbook of English Linguistics |trans-title=Handbook sa Lingguwistikang Ingles|lang=en|editor1-last=Aarts |editor1-first=Bas |editor2-first=April |editor2-last=McMahon |publisher=Blackwell |isbn=978-1-4051-6425-2}} <!-- AbercrombieDaniels2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/04878-1 |chapter=Spelling Reform Proposals: English |trans-chapter=Mga Mungkahing Reporma sa Pagbaybay: Ingles|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics|trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|lang=en|date=2006 |last1=Abercrombie |first1=D. |last2=Daniels |first2=P. T. |pages=72–75 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- AitkenMcArthur1979 -->* {{cite book |editor1-last=Aitken |editor1-first=A. J. |editor2-last=McArthur |editor2-first=Tom |date=1979 |title=Languages of Scotland|lang=en|trans-title=Mga Wika ng Eskosya |location=Edinburgh, Reyno Unido |publisher=Chambers |series=Occasional paper – Association for Scottish Literary Studies |volume=4 |isbn=978-0-550-20261-1}} <!-- Alcaraz-ArizaNavarro2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/02351-8 |chapter=Medicine: Use of English|trans-chapter=Medisina: Paggamit sa Ingles|trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|lang=en|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics |date=2006 |last1=Alcaraz Ariza |first1=M. Á. |last2=Navarro |first2=F. |pages=752–759 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- Ammon2006 -->* {{cite journal |last=Ammon |first=Ulrich |s2cid=142692741 |title=Language Conflicts in the European Union: On finding a politically acceptable and practicable solution for EU institutions that satisfies diverging interests|trans-title=Mga Hidwaan sa Wika sa Unyong Europeo: Ukol sa paghahanap sa isang politikal na pagsang-ayon at praktikal na solusyon para sa mga institusyon ng EU nang nagagampanan ang mga nagkakaibang interes|lang=en|journal=International Journal of Applied Linguistics |volume=16 |issue=3 |pages=319–338 |date=2006 |doi=10.1111/j.1473-4192.2006.00121.x |s2cid-access=free |via=DYLAN project |url=http://www.dylan-project.org/Dylan_en/presentation/dissemination/articles/assets/UDE-Ammon-LanguageConflictsInTheEuropeanUnion.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110102074109/http://www.dylan-project.org/Dylan_en/presentation/dissemination/articles/assets/UDE-Ammon-LanguageConflictsInTheEuropeanUnion.pdf |archive-date=2 January 2011}} <!-- Ammon2008 -->* {{cite book |last=Ammon |first=Ulrich |chapter=Pluricentric and Divided Languages |lang=en|trans-chapter=Mga Plurisentro at Nakahating Wika|editor1-last=Ammon |editor1-first=Ulrich N. |editor2-last=Dittmar |editor2-first=Norbert |editor3-last=Mattheier |editor3-first=Klaus J. |display-editors=3 |editor4-last=Trudgill |editor4-first=Peter |title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society |trans-title=Sosyolingguwistika: Pandaigdigang Handbook ng Agham ng Wika at Lipunan|volume=2 |date=2008 |edition=2nd |publisher=De Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-019425-8 |series=Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science}} <!-- Annamalai2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/04611-3 |chapter=India: Language Situation |lang=en|trans-chapter=India: Sitwasyon sa Wika|trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics |date=2006 |last1=Annamalai |first1=E. |pages=610–613 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- Australian Bureau of Statistics2013 official census of Australia -->* {{cite web |author=Australian Bureau of Statistics |title=2011 Census QuickStats: Australia|trans-title=QuickStats sa Senso ng 2011: Australia |lang=en|date=28 March 2013 |url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106221006/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/0 |archive-date=6 November 2015}} <!-- Bailey2001 -->* {{cite book |last=Bailey |first=Guy |chapter=The relationship between African American and White Vernaculars|trans-chapter=Ang kaugnayan ng Aprikanong Amerikano at Puting Bernakular|editor-last=Lanehart |editor-first=Sonja L. |title=Sociocultural and historical contexts of African American English |trans-title=Sosyokultural at historikal na konteksto ng Aprikanong Amerikanong Ingles|url=https://archive.org/details/socioculturalhis00lane |url-access=limited |date=2001 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/socioculturalhis00lane/page/n71 53]–84 |publisher=John Benjamins |lang=en|series=Varieties of English around the World |isbn=978-1-58811-046-6}} <!-- Bailey1997 -->* {{cite book |last=Bailey |first=G. |date=1997 |chapter=When did southern American English begin|trans-chapter=Kailan nagsimula ang katimugang Amerikanong Ingles|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zvFtOr5_BZAC&pg=PA255 |title=Englishes around the world|trans-title=Mga Ingles sa iba't-ibang panig ng mundo|lang=en|pages=255–275 |editor=Edgar W. Schneider |publisher=John Benjamins |isbn=9789027248763}} <!-- Bao2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/04257-7 |chapter=Variation in Nonnative Varieties of English |trans-chapter=Baryasyon sa mga hindi Katutubong Barayti ng Ingles|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics |trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|lang=en|date=2006 |last1=Bao |first1=Z. |pages=377–380 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- Barry1982 -->* {{cite book |last=Barry |first=Michael V. |chapter=English in Ireland |trans-chapter=Ingles sa Irlanda|editor1-last=Bailey |editor1-first=Richard W. |editor2-last=Görlach |editor2-first=Manfred |title=English as a World Language|trans-title=Ingles bilang Pandaigdigang Wika|lang=en|pages=84–134 |date=1982 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |isbn=978-3-12-533872-2}} <!-- BaughCable2002 -->* {{cite book |last1=Baugh |first1=Albert C. |last2=Cable |first2=Thomas |title=A History of the English Language|trans-title=Kasaysayan ng Wikang Ingles|edition=5|lang=en |publisher=Longman |date=2002 |isbn=978-0-13-015166-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofenglish02baug}} <!-- Bazelmans2009 -->* {{cite book |last=Bazelmans |first=Jos |chapter=The Early-Medieval Use of Ethnic Names from Classical Antiquity: the Case of the Frisians |trans-chapter=Ang Maagang Medyebal na Paggamit sa mga Etnikong Pangalan mula sa Klasikong Antigong Panahon: ang Kaso ng mga Prisyano|pages=321–338 |editor-last1=Derks |editor-first1=Ton |editor-last2=Roymans |editor-first2=Nico |title=Ethnic Constructs in Antiquity: The Role of Power and Tradition|trans-title=Mga Etnikong Gawa sa Antigong Panahon: Ang Gampanin ng Kapangyarihan at Tradisyon|lang=en|publisher=Amsterdam University Press |series=Amsterdam Archaeological Studies |volume=13 |date=2009 |isbn=978-90-485-0791-7 |jstor=j.ctt46n1n2.1 |jstor-access=free}} <!-- Bermudez-OteroMcMahon2006 -->* {{cite encyclopedia |last1=Bermúdez-Otero |first1=Ricardo |first2=April |last2=McMahon |date=2006 |title=English phonology and morphology |trans-title=Ponolohiya at morpolohiya ng Ingles|lang=en|editor-first=Bas |editor-last=Aarts |editor-first2=April |editor-last2=McMahon |encyclopedia=The Handbook of English Linguistics |location=Oxford |publisher=Wiley–Blackwell |isbn=978-1-4051-6425-2 |doi=10.1002/9780470753002.ch17 |series=Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics |pages=382–410}} <!-- BlenchSpriggs1999 -->* {{cite book |last1=Blench |first1=R. |last2=Spriggs |first2=Matthew |title=Archaeology and Language: Correlating Archaeological and Linguistic Hypotheses|trans-title=Arkeolohiya at Wika: Pagsasama sa mga Arkeolohiko at Lingguwistikong Palagay|lang=en|pages=285–286 |date=1999 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-11761-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DWMHhfXxLaIC&pg=PA286}} * {{cite book |editor-last=Blake |editor-first=Norman |title=Cambridge History of the English Language|trans-title=Kasaysayan ng Wikang Ingles ng Cambridge|lang=en|volume=2|publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=1992 |doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521264754.003 |isbn=978-1-139-05553-6}} ** {{Harvc |last=Lass |first=Roger |chapter=Phonology and Morphology |in=Blake |year=1992 |pages=23–154}} <!-- Boberg2010 -->* {{cite book |last=Boberg |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Boberg |date=2010 |title=The English language in Canada: Status, history and comparative analysis|url=https://archive.org/details/englishlanguagei0000bobe |trans-title=Ang Wikang Ingles sa Kanada: Katayuan, kasaysayan, at pagsusuring komparatibo|lang=en|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-139-49144-0 |series=Studies in English Language}} <!-- BosworthToller1921 -->* {{cite web |last1=Bosworth |first1=Joseph |author-link1=Joseph Bosworth|last2=Toller |first2=T. Northcote |title=Engla land |work=[[An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary]] (Online)|lang=en |date=1921 |url=http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/009427 |publisher=[[Charles University]] |archive-date=21 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221212612/http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/009427 |url-status=live}} <!-- BrintonBrinton2010 -->* {{cite book |last1=Brinton |first1=Laurel J. |last2=Brinton |first2=Donna M. |date=2010 |title=The linguistic structure of modern English |trans-title=Ang lingguwistikong estraktura ng modernong Ingles|lang=en|publisher=John Benjamins |isbn=978-90-272-8824-0 |url=https://benjamins.com/#catalog/books/z.156/main}} <!-- Brutt-Griffler2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00644-1 |chapter=Languages of Wider Communication|trans-chapter=Mga Wika ng mas Malawak na Komunikasyon|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics |trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|lang=en|date=2006 |last1=Brutt-Griffler |first1=J. |pages=690–697 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- Burridge2010 -->* {{cite book |last=Burridge |first=Kate |chapter=English in Australia|trans-chapter=Ingles sa Australia|editor-last=Kirkpatrick |editor-first=Andy |date=2010 |title=Routledge Handbook of World Englishes |trans-title=Handbook ng Routledge ukol sa mga Ingles ng Mundo|lang=en|url=https://archive.org/details/routledgehandboo00kirk_142 |url-access=limited |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-62264-6 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/routledgehandboo00kirk_142/page/n154 132]–151}} <!-- Campbell1959 -->* {{cite book |last=Campbell |first=Alistair |author-link=Alistair Campbell|title=Old English Grammar|url=https://archive.org/details/oldenglishgramma0000camp_o0r3 |trans-title=Balarila ng Lumang Ingles |location=Oxford, Inglatera |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |date=1983 |orig-date=1959|lang=en |isbn=978-0-19-811943-2 |ref={{sfnref|Campbell|1959}}}} <!-- CarrHoneybone2007 -->* {{cite journal |last1=Carr |first1=Philip |last2=Honeybone |first2=Patrick |date=2007 |title=English phonology and linguistic theory: an introduction to issues, and to 'Issues in English Phonology'|trans-title=Ponolohiya at lingguwistikong teorya ng Ingles: panimula sa mga isyu, at sa 'Mga Isyu sa Ponolohiya ng Ingles'|lang=en|journal=Language Sciences |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=117–153 |doi=10.1016/j.langsci.2006.12.018}} <!-- Cassidy1982 -->* {{cite book |last=Cassidy |first=Frederic G. |chapter=Geographical Variation of English in the United States|lang=en|trans-chapter=Heograpikong Baryasyon ng Ingles sa Estados Unidos|editor1-last=Bailey |editor1-first=Richard W. |editor2-last=Görlach |editor2-first=Manfred |title=English as a World Language|trans-title=Ingles bilang Pandaigdigang Wika|pages=177–210 |date=1982 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |isbn=978-3-12-533872-2}} <!-- Cercignani1981 -->* {{cite book |last=Cercignani |first=Fausto |title=Shakespeare's works and Elizabethan pronunciation|trans-title=Mga gawa ni Shakespeare at ang Isabel na pagbigkas|lang=en|date=1981 |publisher=Clarendon |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_JBlAAAAMAAJ |jstor=3728688 |isbn=978-0-19-811937-1}} <!-- Clark2013 -->* {{cite book |first1=Urszula |last1=Clark |first2=Esther |last2=Asprey |date=2013 |title=West Midlands English: Birmingham and the Black Country|trans-title=Ingles ng Kanlurang Midlands: Birmingham at ang Black Country|lang=en|publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=978-0-7486-4169-7}} <!-- CollingwoodMyres1936 -->* {{cite book |last1=Collingwood |first1=Robin George |author-link=R. G. Collingwood |last2=Myres |first2=J. N. L. |chapter=The Sources for the period: Angles, Saxons, and Jutes on the Continent |trans-chapter=Ang mga Pinagmulan para sa panahon: Mga Anglo, Saxon, at Jute sa Kontinente|title=Roman Britain and the English Settlements|trans-title=Romanong Britanya at ang mga Tirahang Ingles|volume=5 |publisher=Clarendon |location=Oxford, Inglatera|lang=en|date=1936 |lccn=37002621 |jstor=2143838}} * {{cite book |last=Cohen |first=Antonie |title=The Phonemes of English: A Phonemic Study of the Vowels and Consonants of Standard English |trans-title=Ang mga Ponema ng Ingles: Isang Ponemikong Pag-aaral sa mga Patinig at Katinig ng Pamantayang Ingles|lang=en|publisher=Springer |date=2012 |orig-date=1952 |isbn=978-94-010-2969-8}} <!-- CollinsMees2003 -->* {{cite book |last1=Collins |first1=Beverley |last2=Mees |first2=Inger M. |year=2003 |orig-date=1981 |title=The Phonetics of English and Dutch|trans-title=Ang Ponetika ng Ingles at Olandes |edition=5 |place=Leiden, Olanda|lang=en |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-90-04-10340-5}} <!-- Connell2006 -->* {{cite encyclopedia |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01655-2 |title=Nigeria: Language Situation|trans-title=Nigeria: Sitwasyon sa Wika|lang=en|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics |date=2006 |last1=Connell |first1=B. A. |pages=635–637 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- ConradRubal-Lopez1996 -->* {{cite book |last1=Conrad |first1=Andrew W. |last2=Rubal-Lopez |first2=Alma |title=Post-Imperial English: Status Change in Former British and American Colonies, 1940–1990|trans-title=Imperyong Ingles: Pagbabago sa Katayuan sa mga Dating Kolonya ng Britanya at Amerika, 1940–1990|lang=en|date=1996 |publisher=De Gruyter |isbn=978-3-11-087218-7 |url=http://www.degruyter.com/viewbooktoc/product/143492 |page=261 |url-access=subscription}} * {{cite book |last=Cruttenden |first=Alan |date=2014 |title=Gimson's Pronunciation of English|trans-title=Pagbigkas sa Ingles ng Gimson|edition=8 |lang=en|publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-4441-8309-2}} <!-- CrystalLanguageDeath2002 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1017/CBO9781139106856 |title=Language Death |url=https://archive.org/details/languagedeath0000crys |trans-title=Pagkamatay ng Wika|lang=en|date=2000 |last=Crystal |first=David |isbn=978-0-521-65321-3}} <!-- CrystalGlobalLanguage2003a -->* {{Cite book |last=Crystal |first=David |title=English as a Global Language |trans-title=Ingles bilang Pandaigdigang Wika|lang=en|author-link=David Crystal |edition=2 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page=69 |date=2003a |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d6jPAKxTHRYC |isbn=978-0-521-53032-3}} <!-- CrystalEncyclopedia2003b -->* {{cite book |last=Crystal |first=David |title=Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language|trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Cambridge ukol sa Wikang Ingles|author-link=David Crystal |edition=2|lang=en |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2003b |isbn=978-0-521-53033-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A3b3ngEACAAJ}} <!-- CrystalSubcontinent2004b -->* {{cite news |last=Crystal |first=David |title=Subcontinent Raises Its Voice|trans-title=Itinaas ng Subkontinente ang Kanyang Boses|lang=en|year=2004 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2004/nov/19/tefl |newspaper=The Guardian |archive-date=17 April 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417171455/http://education.guardian.co.uk/tefl/story/0,,1355064,00.html |url-status=live}} <!-- DanielsBright1996 -->* {{cite book |editor1-last=Daniels |editor1-first=Peter T. |editor2-last=Bright |editor2-first=William |title=The World's Writing Systems|trans-title=Ang mga Sistema ng Oagsulat ng Mundo|lang=en|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=621jAAAAMAAJ |date=1996 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-507993-7}} <!-- Dehaene2009 -->* {{cite book |last=Dehaene |first=Stanislas |title=Reading in the Brain: The Science and Evolution of a Human Invention|trans-title=Pagbabasa sa Utak: Ang Agham at Ebolusyon ng isang Imbensiyon ng Tao|lang=en|date=2009 |publisher=Viking |isbn=978-0-670-02110-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Z2hjwEACAAJ}} <!-- DenningKesslerLeben2007 -->* {{cite book |last1=Denning |first1=Keith |last2=Kessler |first2=Brett |last3=Leben |first3=William Ronald |title=English Vocabulary Elements|trans-title=Mga Elemento sa Bokabularyo ng Ingles|lang=en|date=17 February 2007 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-516803-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jz76l9RAccQC}} <!-- Deumert2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01294-3 |chapter=Migration and Language |trans-chapter=Migrasyon at Wika|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics|trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|lang=en|date=2006 |last1=Deumert |first1=A. |pages=129–133 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- Dixon 1982 -->* {{cite journal |last=Dixon |first=R. M. W. |date=1982 |title=The grammar of English phrasal verbs|trans-title=Ang balarila ng mga pariralang pandiwa ng Ingles|lang=en|journal=Australian Journal of Linguistics |volume=2 |issue=1 |doi=10.1080/07268608208599280 |pages=1–42}} <!-- Donoghue2008 -->* {{cite book |last=Donoghue |first=D. |title=Old English Literature: A Short Introduction|trans-title=Panitikan ng Lumang Ingles: Maikling Panimula|lang=en|publisher=Wiley |date=2008 |isbn=978-0-631-23486-9 |doi=10.1002/9780470776025 |editor-last=Donoghue |editor-first=Daniel}} <!-- Durrell2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/02189-1 |chapter=Germanic Languages|trans-chapter=Mga Wikang Hermaniko |title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics|trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|lang=en|date=2006 |last1=Durrell |first1=M. |pages=53–55 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- Eagleson1982 -->* {{cite book |last=Eagleson |first=Robert D. |chapter=English in Australia and New Zealand|trans-chapter=Ingles sa Australia at Nueva Selanda|lang=en|editor1-last=Bailey |editor1-first=Richard W. |editor2-last=Görlach |editor2-first=Manfred |title=English as a World Language|trans-title=Ingles bilang Pandaigdigang Wika|lang=en|pages=415–438 |isbn=978-3-12-533872-2 |date=1982 |publisher=University of Michigan Press}} <!-- Ethnologue -->* {{cite web |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/statistics/size |title=Summary by language size|trans-title=Buod batay sa laki ng wika |lang=en|website=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |ref={{harvid|Ethnologue|2010}} |archive-date=26 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226040016/https://www.ethnologue.com/statistics/size |url-status=live}} <!-- European Commission2012 -->* {{cite report |publisher=European Commission |title=Special Eurobarometer 386: Europeans and Their Languages|trans-title=Mga Natatanging Eurobarometer 386: Mga Europeo at ang Kanilang Wika|lang=en|date=June 2012 |series=Eurobarometer Special Surveys |url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_en.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106183351/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_en.pdf |archive-date=6 January 2016 |ref={{sfnref|European Commission|2012}}}} <!--FasoldConnor-Linton2014 -->* {{cite book |editor1-last=Fasold |editor1-first=Ralph W. |editor2-last=Connor-Linton |editor2-first=Jeffrey |title=An Introduction to Language and Linguistics|trans-title=Panimula sa Wika at Lingguwistika |edition=2|lang=en|date=2014 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-316-06185-5}} * {{cite journal |last1=Flemming |first1=Edward |last2=Johnson |first2=Stephanie |year=2007 |title=''Rosa's roses'': reduced vowels in American English |trans-title=''Mga rosas ni Rosa'': pagbawas sa mga patinig sa Amerikanong Ingles|lang=en|journal=[[Journal of the International Phonetic Association]] |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=83–96 |doi=10.1017/S0025100306002817 |url=http://web.mit.edu/flemming/www/paper/rosasroses.pdf |citeseerx=10.1.1.536.1989 |s2cid=145535175 |archive-date=19 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919182406/http://web.mit.edu/flemming/www/paper/rosasroses.pdf |url-status=live}} <!-- Giegerich1992 -->* {{cite book |title=English Phonology: An Introduction|url=https://archive.org/details/englishphonology0000gieg|trans-title=Ponolohiya ng Ingles: Panimula|lang=en |first=Heinz J. |last=Giegerich |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=1992 |isbn=978-0-521-33603-1 |series=Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics}} <!-- Gneuss2013 -->* {{cite book |last=Gneuss |first=Helmut |chapter=The Old English Language|lang=en|trans-chapter=Ang Lumang Wikang Ingles |editor1-last=Godden |editor1-first=Malcolm |editor2-last=Lapidge |editor2-first=Michael |date=2013 |title=Cambridge Companion to Old English Literature|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani0000malc |trans-title=Pantulong ng Cambridge ukol sa Panitikan ng Lumang Ingles|edition=2 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-15402-4 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani0000malc/page/18 19]–49}} <!-- Görlach1991 -->* {{cite book |last=Görlach |first=Manfred |title=Introduction to Early Modern English|lang=en|trans-title=Panimula sa Maagang Modernong Ingles|date=1991 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-32529-5}} <!-- Gordin2015 -->* {{cite magazine |last=Gordin |first=Michael D. |title=Absolute English|trans-title=Ingles Lamang|lang=en |url=http://aeon.co/magazine/science/how-did-science-come-to-speak-only-english/ |magazine=[[Aeon (digital magazine)|Aeon]] |date=4 February 2015 |archive-date=7 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207162247/http://aeon.co/magazine/science/how-did-science-come-to-speak-only-english/ |url-status=dead}} <!-- GordonCampbellHay et al.2004 -->* {{cite book |last1=Gordon |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Campbell |first2=Lyle |last3=Hay |first3=Jennifer |last4=Maclagan |first4=Margaret |last5=Sudbury |first5=Angela |last6=Trudgill |first6=Peter |author-link6=Peter Trudgill |date=2004 |title=New Zealand English: its origins and evolution|url=https://archive.org/details/newzealandenglis0000unse_b8r3 |trans-title=Ingles ng Nueva Selanda : mga pinagmulan at ebolusyon nito|lang=en|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-10895-9 |series=Studies in English Language |ref={{sfnref|Gordon|Campbell|Hay et al.|2004}}}} <!-- Gottlieb2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/04455-2 |chapter=Linguistic Influence|trans-chapter=Impluwensiya ng Wika|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics|trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|lang=en|date=2006 |last1=Gottlieb |first1=H. |pages=196–206 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- Graddol2006 -->* {{cite book |last=Graddol |first=David |title=English Next: Why global English may mean the end of 'English as a Foreign Language'|trans-title=Susunod Ingles: Bakit maaaring matapos ang 'Ingles bilang Banyagang Wika' dahil sa pandaigdigang Ingles|author-link=David Graddol |url=http://englishagenda.britishcouncil.org/sites/ec/files/books-english-next.pdf |lang=en|date=2006 |publisher=The British Council |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212042939/http://englishagenda.britishcouncil.org/sites/ec/files/books-english-next.pdf |archive-date=12 February 2015}} <!-- Graddol2010 -->* {{cite book |last=Graddol |first=David |title=English Next India: The future of English in India |trans-title=Susunod Ingles sa India: Ang hinaharap ng Ingles sa India|author-link=David Graddol |url=http://englishagenda.britishcouncil.org/sites/ec/files/books-english-next-india-2010.pdf|lang=en |date=2010 |publisher=The British Council |isbn=978-0-86355-627-2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212042654/http://englishagenda.britishcouncil.org/sites/ec/files/books-english-next-india-2010.pdf |archive-date=12 February 2015}} <!-- GraddolLeithSwann et al.2007 -->* {{cite book |editor1-last=Graddol |editor1-first=David |editor2-last=Leith |editor2-first=Dick |editor3-last=Swann |editor3-first=Joan |editor4-last=Rhys |editor4-first=Martin |editor5-last=Gillen |editor5-first=Julia |title=Changing English |trans-title=Nagbabagong Ingles|lang=en|url=http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415376792/ |date=2007 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-37679-2 |ref={{sfnref|Graddol|Leith|Swann et al.|2007}}}} <!--Green2002 -->* {{cite book |last=Green |first=Lisa J. |date=2002 |title=African American English: a linguistic introduction |trans-title=Ingles ng Aprikanong Amerikano: panimula sa wika|lang=en|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521891387 |url-access=registration |publisher=Cambridge University Press}} <!-- Greenbaum -->* {{cite book |last1=Greenbaum |first1=S. |last2=Nelson |first2=G. |title=An introduction to English grammar |trans-title=Panimula sa balarila ng Ingles|lang=en|date=2002 |edition=2|publisher=Longman |isbn=978-0-582-43741-8}} <!-- Halliday & Hasan 1976 -->* {{cite book |last1=Halliday |first1=M. A. K. |last2=Hasan |first2=Ruqaiya |date=1976 |title=Cohesion in English |url=https://archive.org/details/cohesioninenglis0000hall |trans-title=Pagkakaisa sa Ingles|lang=en |publisher=Pearson |isbn=978-0-582-55041-4}} <!-- Harbert2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1017/CBO9780511755071 |title=The Germanic Languages |trans-title=Mga Wikang Hermaniko|lang=en|date=2006 |last1=Harbert |first1=Wayne |isbn=978-0-521-80825-5}} <!-- Hickey 2007 -->* {{cite book |last=Hickey |first=R. |date=2007 |title=Irish English: History and present-day forms |url=https://archive.org/details/irishenglishhist0000hick |trans-title=Ingles ng Irlanda: Kasaysayan at mga kasalukuyang anyo|lang=en|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-85299-9}} <!-- Hogg1992 -->* {{cite book |date=1992 |chapter=The Place of English in Germanic and Indo-European|trans-title=Ang Lugar ng Ingles sa Hermaniko at Indo-Europeo|lang=en |title=Cambridge History of the English Language |trans-title=Kasaysayan ng Wikang Ingles ng Cambridge|volume=1|editor-last=Hogg |editor-first=Richard M. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-26474-7}} ** {{Harvc |last=Bammesberger |first=Alfred |year=1992 |chapter=The Place of English in Germanic and Indo-European |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y83EPUUWnQkC&pg=PA26 |in=Hogg |pages=26–66}} ** {{Harvc |last=Hogg |first=Richard M. |chapter=Phonology and Morphology |in=Hogg |year=1992 |pages=67–168 |id={{sfnref|Hogg|1992a}}}} ** {{Harvc |last=Kastovsky |first=Dieter |chapter=Semantics and Morphology |in=Hogg |year=1992 |pages=290–408}} ** {{Harvc |last=Toon |first=Thomas E. |chapter=Old English Dialects |in=Hogg |year=1992 |pages=409–451}} <!-- HoggDenison2006 -->* {{cite book |editor-last=Hogg |editor-first=Richard M. |editor-last2=Denison |editor-first2=David |title=A History of the English language |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2006 |isbn=978-0-521-71799-1}} ** {{Harvc |last=Crystal |first=David |chapter=English worldwide |in=Hogg |in2=Denison |year=2006 |pages=420–439}} ** {{Harvc |last=Fischer |first=Olga |last2=van der Wurff |first2=Wim |in=Hogg |in2=Denison |year=2006 |chapter=Syntax |pages=109–198}} ** {{Harvc |last=Hogg |first=Richard M. |last2=Denison |first2=David |in=Hogg |in2=Denison |chapter=Overview |pages=1–30 |year=2006 |id={{sfnref|Hogg|Denison|2006a}}}} ** {{Harvc |last=Hogg |first=Richard M. |chapter=English in Britain |in=Hogg |in2=Denison |year=2006 |pages=352–383}} ** {{Harvc |last=Kastovsky |first=Dieter |chapter=Vocabulary |in=Hogg |in2=Denison |year=2006 |pages=199–270}} ** {{Harvc |last=Lass |first=Roger |chapter=Phonology and Morphology |in=Hogg |in2=Denison |year=2006 |pages=43–108}} ** {{Harvc |last=Nevalainen |first=Terttu |last2=Tieken-Boon van Ostade |first2=Ingrid |chapter=Standardization |in=Hogg |in2=Denison |year=2006 |pages=271–311}} <!--How English evolved into a global language -->* {{cite news |title=How English evolved into a global language |trans-title=Paano naging pandaigdigang wika ang Ingles|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-12017753 |date=20 December 2010 |work=BBC News |lang=en |ref={{harvid|How English evolved into a global language|2010}} |archive-date=25 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925173407/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-12017753 |url-status=live}} <!-- HuddlestonPullum2002 -->* {{cite book |last1=Huddleston |first1=Rodney |last2=Pullum |first2=Geoffrey K. |title=Cambridge Grammar of the English Language |date=2002 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |trans-title=Balarila ng Wikang Ingles ng Cambridge|lang=en|isbn=978-0-521-43146-0 |url=http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/languages-linguistics/grammar-and-syntax/cambridge-grammar-english-language}} <!-- Hughes & Trudgill 1996 -->* {{cite book |first1=Arthur |last1=Hughes |last2=Trudgill |first2=Peter |author-link2=Peter Trudgill |date=1996 |title=English Accents and Dialects |trans-title=Mga Asento at Dayalekto ng Ingles|lang=en|edition=3 |publisher=Arnold |isbn=978-0-340-61445-7}} <!-- International Civil Aviation Organization -->* {{cite web |title=Personnel Licensing FAQ |trans-title=Mga Madalas Itanong sa Personal na Lisensiya|lang=en|url=http://www.icao.int/safety/airnavigation/pages/peltrgfaq.aspx#anchor14 |publisher=International Civil Aviation Organization – Air Navigation Bureau |date=2011 |at=In which languages does a licence holder need to demonstrate proficiency? |quote=Controllers working on stations serving designated airports and routes used by international air services shall demonstrate language proficiency in English as well as in any other language(s) used by the station on the ground. |archive-date=20 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220003044/http://www.icao.int/safety/airnavigation/pages/peltrgfaq.aspx#anchor14 |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|International Civil Aviation Organization|2011}}}} <!-- International Maritime Organization2011 -->* {{cite web |publisher=International Maritime Organization |title=IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases|lang=en|trans-title=Pamantayang Parirala sa Komunikasyon sa Dagat ng IMO|date=2011 |url=http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Safety/Navigation/Pages/StandardMarineCommunicationPhrases.aspx |archive-date=3 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003233938/http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Safety/Navigation/Pages/StandardMarineCommunicationPhrases.aspx |url-status=dead |ref={{sfnref|International Maritime Organization|2011}}}} <!-- International Phonetics Association1999 -->* {{Cite book |publisher=[[International Phonetic Association]], Cambridge University Press |author-link=International Phonetic Association |date=1999 |title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet |trans-title=Handbook ng Pandaigdigang Ponetikong Asosasyon: Gabay sa paggamit sa Pandaigdigang Ponetikong Alpabeto|lang=en|isbn=978-0-521-65236-0 |ref={{sfnref|International Phonetic Association|1999}}}} <!-- Jambor2007 -->* {{cite journal |last=Jambor |first=Paul Z. |title=English Language Imperialism: Points of View|lang=en|trans-title=Imperyalismo ng Wikang Ingles: Mga Pananaw|journal=Journal of English as an International Language |date=2007 |volume=2 |pages=103–123 |url=https://www.eilj.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/2-december%202007.pdf#page=103 |archive-date=11 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211184023/https://www.eilj.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/2-december%202007.pdf#page=103 |url-status=live}} <!-- Jespersen 2007 -->* {{cite book |last=Jespersen |first=Otto |title=The Philosophy of Grammar |chapter=Case: The number of English cases|lang=en|trans-title=Ang Pilosopiya ng Balarila|trans-chapter=Kaso: Ang bilang ng mga kaso sa Ingles|publisher=Routledge |orig-date=1924 |date=2007}} <!-- Kachru2006 -->* {{cite encyclopedia |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00645-3 |title=English: World Englishes|trans-title=Ingles: Mga Ingles ng Mundo|lang=en |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics |date=2006 |last1=Kachru |first1=B. |pages=195–202 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- KönigvanderAuwera1994 -->* {{cite book |editor-last=König |editor-first=Ekkehard |editor2-last=van der Auwera |editor2-first=Johan |title=The Germanic Languages|trans-title=Mga Hermanikong Wika|lang=en|date=1994 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-28079-2 |series=Routledge Language Family Descriptions |url=http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415280792/ |jstor=4176538}} <!-- König 1994 -->* {{cite book |last=König |first=Ekkehard |chapter=English |pages=532–562 |editor1-last=König |editor1-first=Ekkehard |editor2-last=van der Auwera |editor2-first=Johan |title=The Germanic Languages|trans-title=Mga Hermanikong Wika|lang=en|date=1994 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-28079-2 |series=Routledge Language Family Descriptions |chapter-url=http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415280792/}} <!-- Labov 1972 -->* {{cite book |last=Labov |first=W. |author-link=William Labov |date=1972 |title=Sociolinguistic patterns|trans-title=Mga patern sa sosyolingguwistika|lang=en|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |chapter=The Social Stratification of (r) in New York City Department Stores|trans-chapter=Ang Panlipunang Pagsasagrupo sa (r) sa mga Pamilihan ng Lungsod ng New York|pages=168–178 |doi=10.1007/978-1-349-25582-5_14 |isbn=978-0-333-61180-7 |s2cid=107967883}} <!-- Labov 2012 -->* {{cite book |last=Labov |first=W. |date=2012 |title=Dialect Diversity in America: The Politics of Language Change |url=https://archive.org/details/dialectdiversity0000labo |trans-title=Dibersidad ng Dayalekto sa Amerika: Sng Politika ng Pagbabago ng Wika|lang=en|publisher=University of Virginia Press |chapter=About Language and Language Change|trans-chapter=Ukol sa Wika at Pagbabago ng Wika|isbn=978-0-8139-3327-6}} <!-- Lanham 1982 -->* {{cite book |last=Lanham |first=L. W. |chapter=English in South Africa |trans-chapter=Ingles sa Timog Aprika|editor1-last=Bailey |editor1-first=Richard W. |editor2-last=Görlach |editor2-first=Manfred |title=English as a World Language|trans-title=Ingles bilang Pandaigdigang Wika|lang=en|pages=324–352 |date=1982 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |isbn=978-3-12-533872-2}} <!-- Lass2000 -->* {{cite book |editor-first=Roger |editor-last=Lass |title=Cambridge History of the English Language|trans-title=Kasaysayan ng Wikang Ingles ng Cambridge |lang=en|volume=3 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2000}} ** {{Harvc |in=Lass |date=2000 |last=Lass |first=Roger |chapter=Phonology and Morphology |year=2000 |pages=56–186 |id={{sfnref|Lass|2000a}}}} <!-- Lass 2002 -->* {{citation |last=Lass |first=Roger |chapter=South African English|trans-chapter=Ingles sa Timog Aprika|editor-last=Mesthrie |editor-first=Rajend |date=2002 |title=Language in South Africa|trans-title=Wika sa Timog Aprika|lang=en |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-79105-2}} <!-- Lawler2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/04573-9 |chapter=Punctuation |trans-chapter=Bantas|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics |trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|lang=en|date=2006 |last1=Lawler |first1=J. |pages=290–291 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- Lawton 1982 -->* {{cite book |last=Lawton |first=David L. |chapter=English in the Caribbean|trans-chapter=Ingles sa Karibe |editor1-last=Bailey |editor1-first=Richard W. |editor2-last=Görlach |editor2-first=Manfred |title=English as a World Language|trans-title=Ingles bilang Pandaigdigang Wika|lang=en|pages=251–280 |date=1982 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |isbn=978-3-12-533872-2}} <!-- Leech 2006 -->* {{cite book |last=Leech |first=G. N. |author-link=Geoffrey Leech |date=2006 |title=A glossary of English grammar |url=https://archive.org/details/glossaryofenglis0000leec |trans-title=Glosaryo ng balarila ng Ingles|lang=en|publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=0-7486-2406-6}} <!-- LeechHundtMairSmith2009 -->* {{cite book |url=http://english.fullerton.edu/publications/clnarchives/2012winter/angus-chng%20contemp_eng.pdf |last1=Leech |first1=Geoffrey |last2=Hundt |first2=Marianne |last3=Mair |first3=Christian |last4=Smith |first4=Nicholas |title=Change in contemporary English: a grammatical study|trans-title=Pagbabago sa kontemporaryong Ingles: gramatikao na pag-aaral|lang=en|publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2009 |isbn=978-0-521-86722-1 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402140536/http://english.fullerton.edu/publications/clnarchives/2012winter/angus-chng%20contemp_eng.pdf |archive-date=2 April 2015 |url-status=live}} <!-- LevineCrocket1966 -->* {{cite journal |last1=Levine |first1=L. |last2=Crockett |first2=H. J. |date=1966 |title=Speech Variation in a Piedmont Community: Postvocalic r*|trans-title=Baryasyon sa Pagbigkas sa isang Pamayanang Piedmont: Posbokalikong r*|lang=en|journal=Sociological Inquiry |volume=36 |issue=2 |pages=204–226 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-682x.1966.tb00625.x}} <!-- Li2003 -->* {{cite journal |last1=Li |first1=David C. S. |title=Between English and Esperanto: what does it take to be a world language? |trans-title=Sa Pagitan ng Ingles at Esperanto: paano maging isang pandaigdigang wika?|lang=en|journal=International Journal of the Sociology of Language |issue=164 |pages=33–63 |date=2003 |issn=0165-2516 |doi=10.1515/ijsl.2003.055}} <!-- LimAnsaldo2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01701-6 |chapter=Singapore: Language Situation|trans-chapter=Singapura: Sitwasyon sa Wika|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics |trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|lang=en|date=2006 |last1=Lim |first1=L. |last2=Ansaldo |first2=U. |pages=387–389 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- Maclagan 2010 -->* {{cite book |last=Maclagan |first=Margaret |chapter=The English(es) of New Zealand|trans-chapter=Ang (mga) Ingles ng Nueva Selanda|lang=en|editor-last=Kirkpatrick |editor-first=Andy |date=2010 |title=Routledge Handbook of World Englishes |trans-title=Handbook ng Routledge ukol sa mga Ingles ng Mundo|url=https://archive.org/details/routledgehandboo00kirk |url-access=limited |publisher=Routledge |pages=[https://archive.org/details/routledgehandboo00kirk/page/n173 151]–164 |isbn=978-0-203-84932-3}} <!--MacMahon 2006 -->* {{cite book |last=MacMahon |first=M. K. |date=2006 |chapter=English Phonetics |trans-chapter=Ponetika ng Ingles|lang=en|editor1=Bas Aarts |editor-first2=April |editor-last2=McMahon |title=The Handbook of English Linguistics |trans-title=Ang Handbook ng Lingguwistika ng Ingles|location=Oxford, Inglatera|publisher=Blackwell |pages=359–382 |isbn=978-1-4051-6425-2}} <!-- Macquarie Dictionary2015 -->* {{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |url=https://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/ |title=Macquarie Dictionary|lang=en |website=Australia's National Dictionary & Thesaurus Online &#124; Macquarie Dictionary |date=2015 |publisher=Macmillan Publishers Group Australia |url-access=registration |ref={{harvid|Macquarie Dictionary|2015}} |archive-date=21 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190721141547/https://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/ |url-status=live}} <!-- Mair & Leech 2006 -->* {{cite book |last1=Mair |first1=C. |last2=Leech |first2=G. |date=2006 |chapter=Current Changes in English Syntax|trans-chapter=Mga Kasalukuyang Pagbabago sa Sintaksis ng Ingles|title=The Handbook of English Linguistics |trans-title=Ang Handbook ng Lingguwistika ng Ingles|lang=en|publisher=Blackwell |isbn=978-1-4051-6425-2}} <!-- Mair 2006 -->* {{cite book |last=Mair |first=Christian |date=2006 |title=Twentieth-century English: History, variation and standardization|url=https://archive.org/details/twentiethcentury0000mair | trans-title=Ingles ng Ikadalawampung Siglo: Kasaysayan, baryasyon, at pagsasapamantayan|lang=en|publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/S1360674307002420 |s2cid=120824612}} <!-- MazruiMazrui1998 -->* {{cite book |last1=Mazrui |first1=Ali A. |last2=Mazrui |first2=Alamin |title=The Power of Babel: Language and Governance in the African Experience |lang=en|trans-title=Ang Kapangyarihan ng Babel: Wika at Pamamahala sa Karanasang Aprikano|date=1998 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-51429-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6lQTPxdYx8kC}} <!-- McArthur1992 -->* {{cite book |editor-last=McArthur |editor-first=Tom |title=Oxford Companion to the English Language |trans-title=Pantulong ng Oxford sa Wikang Ingles|lang=en|publisher=Oxford University Press |date=1992 |isbn=978-0-19-214183-5 |doi=10.1093/acref/9780192800619.001.0001 |url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00mcar}} <!-- McCrumMacNeilCran2003 -->* {{Cite book |last1=McCrum |first1=Robert |last2=MacNeil |first2=Robert |last3=Cran |first3=William |title=The Story of English |url=https://archive.org/details/storyofenglish0000mccr_c8l9 |trans-title=Ang Kuwento ng Ingles|lang=en|location=London |date=2003 |edition=3 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-200231-5}} <!-- McGuinness1997 -->* {{cite book |last=McGuinness |first=Diane |title=Why Our Children Can't Read, and what We Can Do about it: A Scientific Revolution in Reading|trans-title=Bakit Hindi Makapagbasa ang Ating mga Anak, at Ano ang Magagawa Natin: Rebolusyong Maagham sa Pagbabasa|lang=en|author-link=Diane McGuinness |date=1997 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-0-684-83161-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F-q02ZBKh3wC}} <!-- Meierkord2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00641-6 |chapter=Lingua Francas as Second Languages |trans-chapter=Mga Lingua Franca bilang mga Pangalawang Wika|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics |trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|lang=en|date=2006 |last1=Meierkord |first1=C. |pages=163–171 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- MerriamWebster2015 -->* {{cite dictionary |title=English - Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary |entry=English |dictionary=Merriam Webster |date=26 February 2015 |url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/English |ref={{harvid|Merriam Webster|2015}} |archive-date=25 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325140932/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/english |url-status=live}} <!-- Methrie2006 -->* {{cite journal |last1=Mesthrie |first1=Rajend |title=New Englishes and the native speaker debate|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_language-sciences_2010-11_32_6/page/594 |trans-title=Mga Bagong Ingles at ang debate sa katutubong mananalita|lang=en|journal=Language Sciences |date=November 2010 |volume=32 |issue=6 |pages=594–601 |doi=10.1016/j.langsci.2010.08.002}} <!-- Miller 2002 -->* {{cite book |last=Miller |first=Jim |date=2002 |title=An Introduction to English Syntax |trans-title=Panimula sa Sintaksis ng Ingles|lang=en|publisher=Edinburgh University Press |isbn=0-7486-1254-8}} <!-- Montgomery -->* {{cite journal |last=Montgomery |first=M. |date=1993 |title=The Southern Accent—Alive and Well|trans-title=Ang Asento ng Katimugan–Buhay at Maayos|lang=en|journal=Southern Cultures |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=47–64 |doi=10.1353/scu.1993.0006 |s2cid=143984864}} <!-- Mountford2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/05018-5 |chapter=English Spelling: Rationale|trans-chapter=Pagbabaybay sa Ingles: Paliwanag|lang=en|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics |trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|date=2006 |last1=Mountford |first1=J. |pages=156–159 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- Mufwene2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01291-8 |chapter=Language Spread |trans-chapter=Pagkalat ng Wika|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics |trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|lang=en|date=2006 |last1=Mufwene |first1=S. S. |pages=613–616 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- Mugglestone2012 -->* {{cite book |editor-last=Mugglestone |editor-first=Lynda |title=Oxford History of English|trans-title=Kasaysayan ng Ingles ng Oxford|publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2012 |orig-date=2006 |isbn=978-0-19-966016-2}} ** {{Harvc |in=Mugglestone |year=2012 |first=April |last=McMahon |pages=180–218 |c=Restructuring Renaissance English}} ** {{Harvc |in=Mugglestone |year=2012 |first=Matthew |last=Townend |pages=75–105 |c=Contacts and Conflicts: Latin, Norse, and French}} * {{cite book |last=Müller |first=Stefan |title=Grammatical theory |trans-title=Teorya sa balarila|lang=en|publisher=Language Science Press |date=2020 |isbn=978-3-96110-273-0}} <!-- Nation2001 needs more verification -->* {{Cite book |last=Nation |first=I. S. P. |title=Learning Vocabulary in Another Language|trans-title=Matuto ng Bokabularyo sa Ibang Wika|lang=en|author-link=Paul Nation |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2001 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sKqx8k8gYTkC |page=477 |isbn=978-0-521-80498-1}} <!-- National Records of Scotland2013 -->* {{cite web |publisher=National Records of Scotland |title=Census 2011: Release 2A|lang=en |series=Scotland's Census 2011 |date=26 September 2013 |url=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/news/census-2011-release-2a |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402152137/http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/news/census-2011-release-2a |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|National Records of Scotland|2013}}}} <!-- Neijt2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/04574-0 |chapter=Spelling Reform |trans-chapter=Reporma sa Pagbaybay|lang=en|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics |trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|date=2006 |last1=Neijt |first1=A. |pages=68–71 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency2012 -->* {{cite web |publisher=Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency |title=Census 2011: Key Statistics for Northern Ireland December 2012 |trans-title=Senso 2011: Mga Pangunahing Estadistika para sa Hilagang Irlanda Disyembre 2012|lang=en|periodical=Statistics Bulletin |date=2012 |url=http://www.nisra.gov.uk/Census/key_report_2011.pdf |at=Table KS207NI: Main Language |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224033625/http://www.nisra.gov.uk/Census/key_report_2011.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2012 |ref={{sfnref|Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency|2012}}}} <!-- Northrup2013 -->* {{cite book |last=Northrup |first=David |title=How English Became the Global Language|trans-title=Paano Naging Pandaigdigang Wika ang Ingles|lang=en|date=2013 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-137-30306-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YPAlPeB6IvQC}} <!-- O'Dwyer 2006 -->* {{cite book |last=O'Dwyer |first=Bernard |title=Modern English Structures: Form, Function, and Position |trans-title=Estraktura ng Modernong Ingles: Anyo, Gamit, at Posisyon|lang=en|edition=2 |publisher=Broadview |publication-place=Canada |year=2006 |isbn=978-1-55111-763-8}} <!-- Office for National Statistics official census figures for England and Wales -->* {{cite web |publisher=Office for National Statistics |title=Language in England and Wales, 2011|trans-title=Mga Wika sa Inglatera at Gales, 2011|lang=en|date=4 March 2013 |periodical=2011 Census Analysis |url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census-analysis/language-in-england-and-wales-2011/rpt---language-in-england-and-wales--2011.html|archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402115009/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census-analysis/language-in-england-and-wales-2011/rpt---language-in-england-and-wales--2011.html |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|Office for National Statistics|2013}}}} <!-- OxfordLearner'sDictionary -->* {{cite web |title=Oxford Learner's Dictionaries |url=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/ |access-date=25 February 2015 |publisher=Oxford |ref={{harvid|Oxford Learner's Dictionary|2015}} |archive-date=9 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209040312/http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/ |url-status=live|lang=en}} <!-- Patrick2006aJamaica -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01760-0 |chapter=Jamaica: Language Situation|trans-chapter=Hamayka: Sitwasyon ss Wika|trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|lang=en|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics |date=2006a |last1=Patrick |first1=P. L. |pages=88–90 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- Patrick2006bAAVE -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/05092-6 |chapter=English, African-American Vernacular|trans-chapter=Ingles, Aprikanong Amerikano Bernakular|trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|lang=en|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics |date=2006b |last1=Patrick |first1=P. L. |pages=159–163 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- Payne & Huddleston 2002 -->* {{cite book |last1=Payne |last2=Huddleston |first1=John |first2=Rodney |editor1-last=Huddleston |editor2-last=Pullum |editor1-first=R. |editor2-first=G. K. |date=2002 |title=Cambridge Grammar of English |url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgegrammar0000hudd |trans-title=Balarila ng Ingles ng Cambridge|lang=en|publisher=Cambridge University Press |doi=10.1017/9781316423530.006 |isbn=978-0-521-43146-0}} * {{cite book |last=Peters |first=Pam |title=The Cambridge Guide to English Usage|url=https://archive.org/details/cambridgeguideto00pete_0 |trans-title=Ang Gabay ng Cambridge sa Paggamit sa Ingles|lang=en|publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2004 |isbn=978-0-521-62181-6}} <!-- Phillipson2004 -->* {{cite book |last=Phillipson |first=Robert |title=English-Only Europe?: Challenging Language Policy|trans-title=Patakarang Ingles Lamang sa Europa? Paghamon sa Patakaran sa Wika|lang=en|date=28 April 2004 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-134-44349-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9HiCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA47}} <!-- Richter2012 -->* {{cite book |last=Richter |first=Ingo |chapter=Introduction |trans-chapter=Panimula|editor1-last=Richter |editor1-first=Dagmar |editor2-last=Richter |editor2-first=Ingo |editor3-last=Toivanen |editor3-first=Reeta |display-editors=3 |editor4-last=Ulasiuk |editor4-first=Iryna |title=Language Rights Revisited: The challenge of global migration and communication|trans-title=Pagbisita muli sa mga Karapatan sa Wika: Ang hamon ng pandaigdigang migrasyon at komunikasyon|lang=en|date=2012 |publisher=BWV Verlag |isbn=978-3-8305-2809-8 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3u9kBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA29}} <!-- Roach1999 -->* {{cite book |last=Roach |first=Peter |title=English Phonetics and Phonology|trans-title=Ponetika at Ponolohiya ng Ingles|lang=en|date=2009 |publisher=Cambridge |edition=4}} <!-- Robinson1992 -->* {{cite book |last=Robinson |first=Orrin |author-link=Orrin W. Robinson |title=Old English and Its Closest Relatives: A Survey of the Earliest Germanic Languages |trans-title=Lumang Ingles at ang Pinakamalapit Nitong Kamag-anak: Sarbey sa mga Pinakaunang Wikang Hermaniko|lang=en|publisher=Stanford University Press |date=1992 |isbn=978-0-8047-2221-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/oldenglishitsclo0000robi |url-access=registration}} <!-- Romaine1982 -->* {{cite book |last=Romaine |first=Suzanne |chapter=English in Scotland|trans-chapter=Ingles sa Eskosya|lang=en |editor1-last=Bailey |editor1-first=Richard W. |editor2-last=Görlach |editor2-first=Manfred |title=English as a World Language |trans-title=Ingles bilang Pandaigdigang Wika|pages=56–83 |date=1982 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |isbn=978-3-12-533872-2}} <!-- Romaine1999 -->* {{cite book |title=Cambridge History of the English Language |trans-title=Kasaysayan ng Wikang Ingles ng Cambridge|lang=en|volume=4|editor-last=Romaine |editor-first=Suzanne |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=1999 |isbn=978-0-521-26477-8 |doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521264778.002}} ** {{Harvc |last=Algeo |first=John |chapter=Vocabulary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NxHuNOvwt7wC&pg=PA57 |in=Romaine |year=1999 |pages=57–91}} ** {{Harvc |last=Romaine |first=Suzanne |chapter=Introduction |in=Romaine |year=1999 |pages=1–56 |id={{sfnref|Romaine|1999a}}}} <!-- Romaine2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00646-5 |chapter=Language Policy in Multilingual Educational Contexts|trans-chapter=Patakaran sa Wika sa mga Konteksto ng Multilingwal na Edukasyon |title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics|trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|date=2006 |last=Romaine |first=Suzanne |pages=584–596 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- Routes of English -->* {{cite news |title=The Routes of English |trans-title=Ang Mga Ruta ng Ingles|lang=en|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/routesofenglish/storysofar/programme4_6.shtml |date=1 August 2015 |work=BBC |ref={{harvid|The Routes of English}} |archive-date=24 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024081346/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/routesofenglish/storysofar/programme4_6.shtml |url-status=live}} <!-- Rowicka2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01848-4 |chapter=Canada: Language Situation |trans-chapter=Kanada: Sitwasyon sa Wika|lang=en|trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics |date=2006 |last1=Rowicka |first1=G. J. |pages=194–195 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- Rubino2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01736-3 |chapter=Philippines: Language Situation |trans-chapter=Pilipinas: Sitwasyon sa Wika|trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|lang=en|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics |date=2006 |last1=Rubino |first1=C. |pages=323–326 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- Ryan2013 an official report of the United States Census -->* {{cite web |last=Ryan |first=Camille |title=Language Use in the United States: 2011|trans-title=Paggamit ng Wika sa Estados Unidos: 2011|lang=en|periodical=American Community Survey Reports |date=August 2013 |page=1 |url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/acs-22.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205101044/http://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/acs-22.pdf |archive-date=5 February 2016 |url-status=dead}} <!-- Sailaja 2009 -->* {{cite book |last=Sailaja |first=Pingali |title=Indian English|trans-title=Ingles ng India|lang=en |publisher=Edinburgh University Press |date=2009 |isbn=978-0-7486-2595-6 |series=Dialects of English |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ntxWxuoRBiwC}} <!-- Schiffrin 1988 -->* {{cite book |last=Schiffrin |first=Deborah |date=1988 |title=Discourse Markers|trans-title=Mga Pananda sa Diskurso|lang=en |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-35718-0 |series=Studies in Interactional Sociolinguistics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hs7J-WqPtPAC}} <!-- Schneider2007 -->* {{cite book |last=Schneider |first=Edgar |title=Postcolonial English: Varieties Around the World|trans-title=Poskolonyal na Ingles: Mga Barayti sa Iba't-ibang Panig ng Mundo|lang=en|publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2007 |isbn=978-0-521-53901-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QIE6zGSd8okC}} <!-- Schonweitz2001 -->* {{cite journal |last=Schönweitz |first=Thomas |title=Gender and Postvocalic /r/ in the American South: A Detailed Socioregional Analysis |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-speech_fall-2001_76_3/page/258 |trans-title=Kasarian at ang Posbokalikong /r/ sa Katimugang Amerika: Detalyadong Sosyorehiyonal na Pagsusuri|lang=en|journal=American Speech |volume=76 |issue=3 |date=2001 |pages=259–285 |doi=10.1215/00031283-76-3-259 |s2cid=144403823}} <!-- Shaywitz2003 -->* {{cite book |last=Shaywitz |first=Sally E. |title=Overcoming Dyslexia: A New and Complete Science-based Program for Reading Problems at Any Level |trans-title=Pagtagumpayan ang Dyslexia: Isang Bago at Kumpletong Programang Nakaayon sa Agham para sa mga Problema sa Pagbabasa|lang=en|date=2003 |publisher=A. A. Knopf |isbn=978-0-375-40012-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hXbZ1QInSF0C}} <!-- Smith2009 -->* {{cite book |last=Smith |first=Jeremy J. |title=Old English: A Linguistic Introduction|trans-title=Lumang Ingles: Panimula sa Lingguwistika |lang=en|publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2009 |isbn=978-0-521-86677-4}} <!-- Statistics Canada2014 -->* {{cite web |publisher=Statistics Canada |title=Population by mother tongue and age groups (total), 2011 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories |trans-title=Populasyon batay sa inang wika at grupo ng edad (kabuuan), bilang noong 2011, para sa Kanada, mga lalawigan, at teritoryo|lang=en|date=22 August 2014 |url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/lang/Pages/highlight.cfm?TabID=1&Lang=E&Asc=0&PRCode=01&OrderBy=2&View=1&tableID=401&queryID=1&Age=1#TableSummary |archive-date=26 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726032921/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/lang/Pages/highlight.cfm?TabID=1&Lang=E&Asc=0&PRCode=01&OrderBy=2&View=1&tableID=401&queryID=1&Age=1#TableSummary |url-status=live |ref={{sfnref|Statistics Canada|2014}}}} <!-- Statistics New Zealand2014 -->* {{cite web |publisher=Statistics New Zealand |title=2013 QuickStats About Culture and Identity|trans-title=2013 QuickStats ukol sa Kultura at Pagkakakilanlan|lang=en|date=April 2014 |url=http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%20Census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-culture-identity/quickstats-culture-identity.pdf |page=23 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115195639/http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%20Census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-culture-identity/quickstats-culture-identity.pdf |archive-date=15 January 2015 |ref={{sfnref|Statistics New Zealand|2014}}}} <!-- Statistics South Africa2012 official census of South Africa -->* {{cite book |publisher=Statistics South Africa |title=Census 2011: Census in Brief|lang=en |id=Report No. 03‑01‑41 |date=2012 |isbn=978-0-621-41388-5 |url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf |chapter=Population by first language spoken and province |ref={{sfnref|Statistics South Africa|2012}} |page=23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113164744/http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf |archive-date=13 November 2015 |url-status=live |chapter-url=http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf#page=28 |editor-first=Pali |editor-last=Lehohla |location=Pretoria}} <!-- Stiles2018 -->* {{Cite book |last=Stiles |first=Patrick |date=2018 |title=Friesische Studien II: Beiträge des Föhrer Symposiums zur Friesischen Philologie vom 7.–8. April 1994 |trans-title=Araling Prisyano II: Mga Artikulo mula sa Föhr Symposium ukol sa Pilolohiyang Prisyano na ginanap noong ika-7 at ika-8 ng Abril 1994F0|url=https://www.academia.edu/37163852 |series=NOWELE Supplement Series |volume=12 |doi=10.1075/nss.12 |isbn=9789027272843 |language=de}} <!-- SvartikLeech2006 -->* {{cite book |last1=Svartvik |first1=Jan |last2=Leech |first2=Geoffrey |title=English: One Tongue, Many Voices |trans-title=Ingles: Isang Dila, Maraming Boses|lang=en|date=2006 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-4039-1830-7 |url=https://archive.org/details/englishonetongue0000svar_y3z3 |url-access=registration}} <!-- Swan2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/05058-6 |chapter=English in the Present Day (Since ca. 1900)|trans-chapter=Ingles sa Kasalukuyang Panahon (simula c. 1900)|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics|trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|lang=en|date=2006 |last1=Swan |first1=M. |pages=149–156 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- Sweet1892 -->* {{cite book |last=Sweet |first=Henry |title=A new English grammar |trans-title=Isang bagong balarilang Ingles|lang=en|url=https://archive.org/details/anewenglishgram01sweegoog |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2014 |orig-date=1892}} <!-- Thomas 2008 -->* {{cite book |last=Thomas |first=Erik R. |date=2008 |chapter=Rural Southern white accents|trans-chapter=Mga asento ng mga puti sa rural na Katimugan|trans-title=Mga Barayti ng Ingles |title=Varieties of English |volume=2|lang=en |pages=87–114 |editor=Edgar W. Schneider |publisher=de Gruyter |doi=10.1515/9783110208405.1.87 |isbn=978-3-11-020840-5}} <!-- ThomasonKaufman1988 -->* {{cite book |last1=Thomason |first1=Sarah G. |author-link=Sarah Thomason |last2=Kaufman |first2=Terrence |author-link2=Terrence Kaufman |title=Language Contact, Creolization and Genetic Linguistics |trans-title=Kontak sa Wika, Pagsasa-creole, at Lingguwistikang Henetiko|lang=en|url=https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_afr_detail-2 |publisher=University of California Press |date=1988 |isbn=978-0-520-91279-3}} <!-- Toon1982 -->* {{cite book |last=Toon |first=Thomas E. |chapter=Variation in Contemporary American English|trans-chapter=Baryasyon sa Kontemporaryong Amerikanong Ingles|lang=en|editor1-last=Bailey |editor1-first=Richard W. |editor2-last=Görlach |editor2-first=Manfred |title=English as a World Language|trans-title=Ingles bilang Pandaigdigang Wika|pages=210–250 |date=1982 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |isbn=978-3-12-533872-2}} <!-- TraskTrask2010 -->* {{cite book |last=Trask |first=Robert Lawrence |author-link=Larry Trask |title=Why Do Languages Change?|trans-title=Bakit Nagbabago ang mfa Wika?|lang=en |date=2010 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-83802-3 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9qoZzBgCmFMC}} <!-- Trudgill 1999 -->* {{cite book |last=Trudgill |first=Peter |date=1999 |title=The Dialects of England|url=https://archive.org/details/dialectsofenglan0000trud_f6f5 |trans-title=Mga Dayalekto ng Inglatera|lang=en |edition=2 |publisher=Blackwell |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0-631-21815-9}} <!-- Trudgill2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01506-6 |chapter=Accent |trans-chapter=Asento|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics |trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|lang=en|date=2006 |last1=Trudgill |first1=P. |page=14 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- Trudgill & Hannah 2002 replace with 2008 5th edition -->* {{cite book |last1=Trudgill |first1=Peter |first2=Jean |last2=Hannah |date=2002 |title=International English: A Guide to the Varieties of Standard English|trans-title=Pandaigdigang Ingles: Gabay sa mga Barayti ng Pamantayang Ingles|lang=en|edition=4 |location=London |publisher=Hodder |isbn=978-0-340-80834-4}} <!-- Trudgill & Hannah 2008 -->* {{cite book |last1=Trudgill |first1=Peter |first2=Jean |last2=Hannah |date=2008 |title=International English: A Guide to the Varieties of Standard English|trans-title=Pandaigdigang Ingles: Gabay sa mga Barayti ng Pamantayang Ingles|lang=en |edition=5 |location=London |publisher=Arnold |isbn=978-0-340-97161-1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e8u8MR8MNaEC}} <!-- United Nations2008 -->* {{cite web |publisher=United Nations |title=Everything You Always Wanted to Know About the United Nations|trans-title=Lahat ng mga Gusto Mong Malaman Tungkol sa Mga Nagkakaisang Bansa|lang=en|date=2010 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/705254/files/everything_un.pdf?ln=en |quote=The working languages at the UN Secretariat are English and French. |ref={{sfnref|United Nations|2010}}}} <!-- Versloot2017 -->* {{Cite book |last=Versloot |first=Arjen P. |author-link=:fy:Arjen Versloot |chapter=Traces of a North Sea Germanic Idiom in the Fifth–Seventh Centuries AD|trans-chapter=Mga Bakas ng isang Dagat Hilagang Hermanikong Idiyoma noong Ikalima hanggang Ikapitong Siglo KP |pages=339–373 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/frisians-and-their-north-sea-neighbours/3E63327F4D3842542B0E1DD40129BE3B |title=Frisians and their North Sea Neighbours: From the Fifth Century to the Viking Age|trans-title=Mga Prisyano at ang Kanilang mga Kapitbahay sa Dagat Hilaga: Mula Ikalimang Siglo hanggang sa Panahon ng mga Viking|lang=en|date=2017 |publisher=Boydell & Brewer |isbn=978-1-78744-063-0 |doi=10.1017/9781787440630 |url-access=subscription |editor-last1=Hines |editor-first1=John |editor-last2=IJssennagger |editor-first2=Nelleke |location=Woodbridge, Inglatera}} <!-- Wardhaugh2010 -->* {{cite book |last=Wardhaugh |first=Ronald |title=An Introduction to Sociolinguistics|trans-title=Panimula sa Sosyolingguwistika |lang=en|edition=6 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |date=2010 |isbn=978-1-4051-8668-1 |series=Blackwell textbooks in Linguistics |volume=4}} <!-- Watts2011 -->* {{cite book |last=Watts |first=Richard J. |title=Language Myths and the History of English|url=https://archive.org/details/languagemythshis0000watt_r7c2 |trans-title=Mga Mito sa Wika at ang Kasaysayan ng Ingles|lang=en|date=2011 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-532760-1 |doi=10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327601.001.0001}} <!--Wells 1982 -->* {{Accents of English}} <!-- Wojcik2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/05081-1 |chapter=Controlled Languages|trans-chapter=Mga Kontroladong Wika|lang=en |title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics|trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|date=2006 |last1=Wojcik |first1=R. H. |pages=139–142 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1}} <!-- Wolfram2006 -->* {{cite book |doi=10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/04256-5 |chapter=Variation and Language: Overview|trans-chapter=Baryasyon at Wika: Buod|trans-title=Ensiklopediya ng Wika at Lingguwistika|title=Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics |date=2006 |last1=Wolfram |first1=W. |pages=333–341 |isbn=978-0-08-044854-1|lang=en}} {{refend}} == Link sa labas == {{Library resources box |about=yes |by=no }} * [http://www.lel.ed.ac.uk/research/gsound/Eng/Database/Phonetics/Englishes/Home/HomeMainFrameHolder.htm Mga asento ng wikang Ingles mula sa ibat-ibang panig ng mundo] (Pamantasan ng Edinburgh) – mga maiikling rekord ng pagbigkas sa 110 piling salitang Ingles sa 50 asento ng wika. * [http://www.dialectsarchive.com/ International Dialects of English Archive] – mga rekord ng mga asento ng katutubo at pandaigdigang pananalitang L2 ng wikang Ingles. *[http://www.britishcouncil.ph British Council Philippines] *[http://www.tesol.ph TESOL Philippines] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402170304/http://www.tesol.ph/ |date=2015-04-02 }} {{Mga wika ng Pilipinas}} {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ingles, Wikang}} [[Kategorya:Mga wika ng Pilipinas]] [[Kategorya:Wikang Ingles|*]] sl23746ijd2604vf5w0l9bf23nepe1h 0 2035 2210267 2209508 2026-06-03T22:22:24Z InternetArchiveBot 113521 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2210267 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang sumusunod ay '''talaan ng mga unibersidad at kolehiyo sa [[Pilipinas]]''' ayon sa [[Rehiyon ng Pilipinas|rehiyon]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commission on Higher Education |url=https://ched.gov.ph/list-higher-education-institutions/ |access-date=2021-09-04 |archive-date=2021-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081448/https://ched.gov.ph/list-higher-education-institutions/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://unifast.gov.ph/uf_heis.php |title=UniFAST |access-date=2021-09-04 |archive-date=2021-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904201949/https://unifast.gov.ph/uf_heis.php |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://www.rappler.com/nation/list-state-colleges-universities-free-tuition "LIST: State colleges and universities covered by free tuition law".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190705222557/https://www.rappler.com/nation/177684-list-state-colleges-universities-free-tuition |date=2019-07-05 }} mula sa [[Rappler]]</ref> == Kalakhang Maynila == * ABE International Business College, Caloocan City * ABE International Business College, Commonwealth * ABE International Business College, Makati [http://www.abe.edu.ph/makati/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627224953/http://abe.edu.ph/makati/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * ABE International Business College-Manila * ABE International College of Business and Accountancy, Cubao [http://www.abe.edu.ph/cubao/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627224131/http://abe.edu.ph/cubao/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * ABE International College of Business and Accountancy, Las Piñas [http://www.abe.edu.ph/laspinas/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225229/http://abe.edu.ph/laspinas/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Access Computer and Technical College, Camarin [https://access.edu.ph/] * Access Computer and Technical Colleges, Cubao * Access Computer and Technical College, Lagro [https://access.edu.ph/] * Access Computer and Technical Colleges-Manila * Access Computer and Technical College, Quezon City [https://access.edu.ph/] * ACLC College, Taguig [http://www.aclc.edu.ph/] * Adamson University [https://www.adamson.edu.ph/] * Air Link International Aviation College * Alliance Graduate School * AMA Computer College-Caloocan * AMA Computer College, Fairview [http://amacollege.amaes.edu.ph/p/ncr.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080324/http://amacollege.amaes.edu.ph/p/ncr.html |date=2021-09-04 }} * AMA Computer College-Las Piñas * AMA Computer College-Parañaque * AMA Computer College-Pasig City * AMA Computer College, Makati City [http://amacollege.amaes.edu.ph/p/ncr.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080324/http://amacollege.amaes.edu.ph/p/ncr.html |date=2021-09-04 }} * AMA Computer College, Mandaluyong [http://amacollege.amaes.edu.ph/p/ncr.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080324/http://amacollege.amaes.edu.ph/p/ncr.html |date=2021-09-04 }} * AMA School of Medicine [http://amaschoolofmedicine.amaes.edu.ph/] * AMA Computer College-Sta. Mesa * AMA University [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * Angelicum College [http://www.angelicum.edu.ph/Angelicum/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702084827/http://www.angelicum.edu.ph/Angelicum/ |date=2019-07-02 }} * Arellano University, Malabon [https://www.arellano.edu.ph/elisa-esguerra-campus/welcome-elisa-esguerra-campus-arellano-university-malabon-city] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080401/https://www.arellano.edu.ph/elisa-esguerra-campus/welcome-elisa-esguerra-campus-arellano-university-malabon-city |date=2021-09-04 }} * Arellano University, Mandaluyong [https://www.arellano.edu.ph/plaridel-campus/welcome-plaridel-campus-arellano-university-mandaluyong-city] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080344/https://www.arellano.edu.ph/plaridel-campus/welcome-plaridel-campus-arellano-university-mandaluyong-city |date=2021-09-04 }} * Arellano University, Manila [https://www.arellano.edu.ph/] * Arellano University, Pasay [https://www.arellano.edu.ph/jose-abad-santos-campus/welcome-jose-abad-santos-campus-arellano-university-pasay] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080334/https://www.arellano.edu.ph/jose-abad-santos-campus/welcome-jose-abad-santos-campus-arellano-university-pasay |date=2021-09-04 }} * Arellano University, Pasig [https://www.arellano.edu.ph/andres-bonifacio-campus/welcome-andres-bonifacio-campus-arellano-university-pasig-city] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080334/https://www.arellano.edu.ph/andres-bonifacio-campus/welcome-andres-bonifacio-campus-arellano-university-pasig-city |date=2021-09-04 }} * Asia Graduate School of Theology * Asia Harvesters College and Seminary Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/asia-harvesters-college-seminary-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/https://ched.gov.ph/asia-harvesters-college-seminary-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Asia Pacific College [https://www.apc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925122834/https://apc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-25 }} * Asia School of Arts and Sciences [https://ched.gov.ph/asia-school-arts-sciences-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080329/https://ched.gov.ph/asia-school-arts-sciences-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Asian Institute for Distance Education * Asian College of Science and Technology, Cubao [http://www.asiancollege.edu.ph/] * Asian Institute of Computer Studies, Bicutan [http://aics.edu.ph/branches/south-branches/] * Asian Institute of Computer Studies, Caloocan [http://aics.edu.ph/branches/central-branches/] * Asian Institute of Computer Studies, Commonwealth [http://aics.edu.ph/branches/central-branches/] * Asian Institute of Journalism and Communication [http://aijc.com.ph/] * Asian Institute of Management * Asian Institute of Maritime Studies [https://ched.gov.ph/asian-institute-maritime-studies-profile/]{{Dead link|date=Oktubre 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Asian Institute of Science and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/asian-institute-science-technology-profile-2/]{{Dead link|date=Oktubre 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Asian Seminary of Christian Ministries * Asian Social Institute [https://www.asinet-online.org/] * Asian School of Aviation Professional [https://ched.gov.ph/asian-school-aviation-professional-profile/]{{Dead link|date=Oktubre 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Asian Theological Seminary [https://www.apts.edu] * Assumption College [http://www.assumption.edu.ph/] * Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City [http://www.ateneo.edu/] * Ateneo de Manila University Graduate School of Business [http://gsb.ateneo.edu/] * Ateneo De Manila University School of Medicine and Public Health * Bernardo College * Bestlink College of the Philippines * Bethel Bible College of the Assemblies of God [http://bethelbiblecollege-ph.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190611195009/http://bethelbiblecollege-ph.com/ |date=2019-06-11 }} * Biblical Seminary of the Philippines * CAP College Foundation * Capitol Medical Center Colleges [http://capitolmedical.org/CMCcolleges/index.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609120009/http://www.capitolmedical.org/CMCcolleges/index.html |date=2021-06-09 }} * Central College of the Philippines [https://www.ccp.edu.ph/students/CCPjw/index.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731105306/http://www.ccp.edu.ph/students/CCPjw/index.php |date=2019-07-31 }} * Center for Culinary Arts * Centro Escolar University-Makati * Centro Escolar University, Manila [http://www.ceu.edu.ph/] * Chiang Kai Shek College [http://www.cksc.edu.ph/] * Chinese General Hospital Colleges, Inc. [http://www.cghc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080324/http://www.cghc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Children of Mary Immaculate College [https://ched.gov.ph/children-mary-immaculate-college-profile/]{{Dead link|date=Oktubre 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Christ the King College of Science and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/christ-king-college-science-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080924/https://ched.gov.ph/christ-king-college-science-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * CIIT College of Arts and Technology [http://www.ciit.edu.ph/] * Colegio de San Gabriel Archangel of Caloocan * Colegio de San Juan de Letran, Manila [http://www.letran.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507034432/https://letran.edu.ph/ |date=2021-05-07 }} * Colegio de San Lorenzo [http://sanlo.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904083152/https://sanlo.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio de Sta. Teresa de Avila Foundation, Inc. [http://csta.ph/] * College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific [http://www.casap.edu.ph/] * College of Divine Wisdom [http://www.cdweduph.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112195128/https://www.cdweduph.com/ |date=2019-01-12 }} * College of St. Catherine [https://ched.gov.ph/college-st-catherine-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080454/https://ched.gov.ph/college-st-catherine-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * College of the Holy Spirit of Manila [http://www.holyspirit.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520001247/http://holyspirit.edu.ph/ |date=2022-05-20 }} * Concordia College [http://www.laconcordia.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920201031/https://laconcordia.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-20 }} * Criminal Justice College * Datamex College of Saint Adeline, Fairview [https://ched.gov.ph/datamex-college-saint-adeline-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080328/https://ched.gov.ph/datamex-college-saint-adeline-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Datamex-College of Saint Adeline, Parañaque [https://ched.gov.ph/datamex-college-saint-adeline-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080328/https://ched.gov.ph/datamex-college-saint-adeline-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Datamex-College of Saint Adeline, Valenzuela [https://ched.gov.ph/datamex-college-saint-adeline-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080328/https://ched.gov.ph/datamex-college-saint-adeline-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * De La Salle College of Saint Benilde [https://www.benilde.edu.ph/] * De La Salle-Araneta University [https://www.dlsau.edu.ph/] * De La Salle University [http://www.dlsu.edu.ph/] * De Ocampo Memorial College [https://ched.gov.ph/de-ocampo-memorial-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080417/https://ched.gov.ph/de-ocampo-memorial-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Diliman College [http://www.thedilimancollege.edu.ph/] * Divine Mercy College Foundation, Inc. [https://dmcfi.jimdo.com/about-1/]{{Dead link|date=Oktubre 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Divine Word Mission Seminary * Dominican College * Don Bosco Technical College [https://dbmanda.one-bosco.org/] * Don Carlo Cavina School, Inc [http://www.doncarlocavinaschool.com/] * Dr. Carlos S. Lanting College [http://lantingcollege.edu.ph/] * Dr. Jose Fabella Memorial Hospital School of Midwifery * Eclaro Academy * Electron College of Technical Education * Emilio Aguinaldo College [http://www.eac.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213070244/http://www.eac.edu.ph/ |date=2011-12-13 }} * Enderun College [https://www.enderuncolleges.com/] * Entrepreneurs School of Asia [http://www.entrepreneur.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912185342/http://www.entrepreneur.edu.ph/ |date=2018-09-12 }} * Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology * Far East Institute of Arts & Sciences Foundation * Far Eastern University [https://www.feu.edu.ph/] * Far Eastern University, Makati [http://www.feu.edu.ph/manila/index.php/academics/feu-makati/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330011624/https://www.feu.edu.ph/manila/index.php/academics/feu-makati/ |date=2019-03-30 }} * FEATI University * Febias College of Bible [http://www.febias.edu.ph/] * FEU Alabang [https://feualabang.edu.ph/] * FEU Diliman [http://feudiliman.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904150759/https://feudiliman.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * FEU Institute of Technology [https://www.feutech.edu.ph/] * FEU-Dr. Nicanor Reyes Medical Foundation [http://www.feu-nrmf.ph/] * Flight School International * Gardner College Diliman Inc. [http://gardner.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080509/https://gardner.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Global City Innovative College [http://www.global.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627224738/https://global.edu.ph/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Global Reciprocal Colleges * Golden Link College Foundation, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/golden-link-college-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080410/https://ched.gov.ph/golden-link-college-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Governor Andres Pascual College * Grace Christian College [http://www.gcc.edu.ph/] * Greenville College * Guang Ming College [https://guangmingcollege.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080327/https://guangmingcollege.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Guzman College of Science and Technology * Holy Rosary College Foundation * ICI Global University * IETI College of Science and Technology-Marikina * Immaculada Concepcion College * Immaculate Heart of Mary College, Parañaque [https://ched.gov.ph/immaculate-heart-mary-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080525/https://ched.gov.ph/immaculate-heart-mary-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Informatics College Eastwood, Inc. [http://www.informatics.edu.ph/branches/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808151802/https://www.informatics.edu.ph/branches/ |date=2020-08-08 }} * Informatics College Caloocan, Inc. [http://www.informatics.edu.ph/branches/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808151802/https://www.informatics.edu.ph/branches/ |date=2020-08-08 }} * Informatics College-Manila * Informatics College Northgate, Inc. [http://www.informatics.edu.ph/branches/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808151802/https://www.informatics.edu.ph/branches/ |date=2020-08-08 }} * Information and Communications Technology Academy [http://www.iacademy.edu.ph/] * Infotech College of Arts and Sciences Philippines, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/infotech-institute-arts-sciences-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080726/https://ched.gov.ph/infotech-institute-arts-sciences-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Institute of Community and Family Health * Institute of Formation and Religious Studies * Integrated Innovation and Hospitality Colleges, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/integrated-innovation-hospitality-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080347/https://ched.gov.ph/integrated-innovation-hospitality-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Interface Computer College-Caloocan * Interface Computer College-Manila * International Baptist College * International Graduate School of Leadership * International School of Asia and the Pacific * Jesus Reigns Christian College Foundation, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/jesus-reigns-christian-college-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080935/https://ched.gov.ph/jesus-reigns-christian-college-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Jose Rizal University [http://jru.edu/] * Kalayaan College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/kalayaan-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080741/https://ched.gov.ph/kalayaan-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * La Consolacion College Manila [http://www.lccm.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904094106/http://www.lccm.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * La Consolacion College, Caloocan [http://www.lccm.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904094106/http://www.lccm.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * La Consolacion College, Novaliches * La Consolacion College, Pasig [http://www.lccm.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904094106/http://www.lccm.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * La Consolacion College, Valenzuela [http://www.lccm.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904094106/http://www.lccm.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * La Verdad Christian College [https://ched.gov.ph/la-verdad-christian-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080440/https://ched.gov.ph/la-verdad-christian-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Lady of Lourdes Hospital & Colleges of Caybiga, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/lady-lourdes-hospital-colleges-caybiga-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081259/https://ched.gov.ph/lady-lourdes-hospital-colleges-caybiga-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Loral Douglas Woosley Bethany Colleges * Lyceum of Alabang [https://ched.gov.ph/lyceum-alabang-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080601/https://ched.gov.ph/lyceum-alabang-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Lyceum of the Philippines University [http://www.lpu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120421015016/http://www.cavite.lpu.edu.ph/ |date=2012-04-21 }} * Makati Medical Center College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/makati-medical-center-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081302/https://ched.gov.ph/makati-medical-center-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Makati Science Technological Institute of the Philippines [http://mstip.edu.ph/] * Manila Adventist College [http://mac.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/http://mac.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Manila Business College Foundation [http://www.mbc.edu.ph/] * Manila Central University [http://www.mcu.edu.ph/stag/]{{Dead link|date=Nobiyembre 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Manila Theological College [http://www.mtcslshs.edu.ph/main/main.php] * Manila Tytana Colleges [http://www.mtc.edu.ph/] * Marianum College [https://ched.gov.ph/marianum-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080604/https://ched.gov.ph/marianum-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Marie-Bernarde College * Mary Chiles College [http://marychilescollege.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904110731/https://marychilescollege.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mapua Institute of Technology, Makati [https://www.mapua.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921210608/https://www.mapua.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-21 }} * Mapua Institute of Technology, Manila [https://www.mapua.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921210608/https://www.mapua.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-21 }} * Martinez Memorial Colleges [https://martinezmc.weebly.com/] * Mary the Queen College of Quezon City Inc. [http://mqc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080327/http://mqc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Meridian International College of Business and Arts [http://www.mintcollege.com/] * Messiah College Foundation * Metropolitan Institute of Arts and Sciences * Metropolitan Medical Center College of Arts, Science and Technology, Inc. [http://www.metro.edu.ph/] * MFI Foundation [https://www.mfi.org.ph/] * Miriam College [http://www.mc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921143323/https://www.mc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-21 }} * NAMEI Polytechnic Institute [http://namei.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225519/http://namei.ph/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * National Christian Life College * National College of Business and Arts, Cubao [https://ncba.edu.ph/] * National College of Business and Arts, Fairview [https://ncba.edu.ph/] * National Polytechnic College of Science and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/national-polytechnic-college-science-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080341/https://ched.gov.ph/national-polytechnic-college-science-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * National University [http://www.national-u.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091201015124/http://www.national-u.edu.ph/ |date=2009-12-01 }} * NBS College * New England College [http://nec.edu.ph/] * New Era University [http://www.neu.edu.ph/main/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080335/http://www.neu.edu.ph/main/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Nova College * Olivarez College [http://www.olivarezcollege.edu.ph/home/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710163256/http://olivarezcollege.edu.ph/home/ |date=2018-07-10 }} * Our Lady of Fatima University, Quezon City [http://www.fatima.edu.ph/] * Our Lady of Guadalupe Colleges, Inc. [http://www.olgc.edu.ph/] * Our Lady of Lourdes Technological College * Our Lady of Perpetual Succor College [http://www.olopsc.edu.ph/] * Pacific Inter Continental College * Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela [https://valenzuela.plv.edu.ph/]{{Dead link|date=Agosto 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Pasig Catholic College [http://www.pasigcatholic.edu.ph/] * PATTS College of Aeronautics [https://www.patts.edu.ph/] * Perpetual Help College of Manila [http://manila.uphsl.edu.ph/] * Philippine Christian University [http://pcu.edu.ph/] * Philippine College of Criminology [http://www.pccr.edu.ph/pccr/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126140301/http://www.pccr.edu.ph/pccr/ |date=2021-01-26 }} * Philippine Cultural College [http://www.philippineculturalcollege.edu.ph/] * Philippine College of Health Sciences [http://pchsmanila.edu.ph/] * Philippine Hoteliers International Center for Hospitality Education, Inc. * Philippine Merchant Marine School, Las Piñas [http://pmms-online.com/v2/?page_id=256] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200127203947/http://pmms-online.com/v2/?page_id=256 |date=2020-01-27 }} * Philippine Normal University Main [https://www.pnu.edu.ph/] * Philippine Rehabilitation Institute Foundation, Inc. [http://prifnet.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727170859/http://www.prifnet.com/ |date=2020-07-27 }} * Philippine School of Interior Design-Ahlen Institute, Inc. [http://www.psid.edu.ph/2013/04/19/psid-ahlen-institute-inc-announcement/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313150339/http://www.psid.edu.ph/2013/04/19/psid-ahlen-institute-inc-announcement/ |date=2018-03-13 }} * PNTC Colleges – Manila [http://www.pntc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080325/http://www.pntc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Polytechnic University of the Philippines [https://www.pup.edu.ph/] * Polytechnic University of the Philippines-Open University [https://www.pup.edu.ph/] * Polytechnic University of the Philippines-Parañaque Campus [https://www.pup.edu.ph/] * Polytechnic University of the Philippines-Quezon City Campus [https://www.pup.edu.ph/] * Polytechnic University of the Philippines-San Juan Campus [https://www.pup.edu.ph/] * Polytechnic University of the Philippines-Taguig [https://www.pup.edu.ph/] * Rizal Technological University-Pasig * Recoletos School of Theology * Rogationist Seminary College of Philosophy * Romarinda International College * Saint Anthony Mary Claret College * Saint Bernadette College of Alabang * Saint Francis of Assisi College System [http://www.stfrancis.edu.ph/] * Saint Pedro Poveda College [http://www.poveda.edu.ph/] * Samson College of Science and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/samson-college-science-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080927/https://ched.gov.ph/samson-college-science-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * San Beda College [http://www.sanbeda.edu.ph/] * San Beda College Alabang [http://www.sanbeda-alabang.edu.ph/bede/] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120908235823/http://www.sanbeda-alabang.edu.ph/bede/ |date=2012-09-08 }} * San Juan de Dios Educational Foundation, Inc. [http://sjdefi.edu.ph/] * San Sebastian College-Recoletos [http://sscrmnl.edu.ph/] * Santa Isabel College [http://www.santaisabel.edu.ph/] * Sapphire International Aviation Academy * School of Fashion and the Arts [https://sofa.edu.ph/] * Siena College [http://www.scqc.edu.ph/] * Southeast Asia Christian College [https://sacccaloocan.weebly.com/] * South Mansfield College [http://www.smc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080328/https://www.smc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * South SEED LPDH College [http://sslc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904090528/https://sslc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southville International School and Colleges [https://www.southville.edu.ph/] * Sta. Cecilia College * St. Bernadette of Lourdes College [http://sblc-edu.com/index.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080352/http://sblc-edu.com/index.html |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Clare College of Caloocan * St. Dominic Institute [http://www.sdi.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180115170959/http://www.sdi.edu.ph/ |date=2018-01-15 }} * St. John of Beverly School * St. Joseph's College, Quezon City [http://www.sjcqc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080512/https://sjcqc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Jude College [http://www.stjude.edu.ph/homepage/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214130210/http://www.stjude.edu.ph/homepage/ |date=2018-02-14 }} * St. Luke's College of Medicine William H. Quasha Memorial [http://stlukesmedcollege.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202161738/https://stlukesmedcollege.edu.ph/ |date=2020-12-02 }} * St. Mary’s College [http://smcqc.net/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200316141213/https://www.smcqc.net/ |date=2020-03-16 }} * St. Paul University, Manila [http://spumanila.edu.ph/] * St. Paul University, Quezon City [https://spuqc.edu.ph/] * St. Scholastica’s College [http://ssc.edu.ph/] * St. Therese of the Child Jesus Institute of Arts and Sciences [https://ched.gov.ph/st-therese-child-jesus-institute-arts-sciences-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080331/https://ched.gov.ph/st-therese-child-jesus-institute-arts-sciences-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Vincent de Ferrer College of Camarin * STI College – Novaliches [http://sti.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031094111/http://www.sti.edu.ph/ |date=2018-10-31 }} * STI College – Parañaque [http://sti.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031094111/http://www.sti.edu.ph/ |date=2018-10-31 }} * STI College – Alabang [http://sti.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031094111/http://www.sti.edu.ph/ |date=2018-10-31 }} * STI College – Quezon Avenue [http://sti.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031094111/http://www.sti.edu.ph/ |date=2018-10-31 }} * STI College – Fairview [http://sti.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031094111/http://www.sti.edu.ph/ |date=2018-10-31 }} * STI College – Taft [http://sti.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031094111/http://www.sti.edu.ph/ |date=2018-10-31 }} * STI College – Caloocan [http://sti.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031094111/http://www.sti.edu.ph/ |date=2018-10-31 }} * STI College – Cubao [http://sti.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031094111/http://www.sti.edu.ph/ |date=2018-10-31 }} * STI College – Global City [http://sti.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031094111/http://www.sti.edu.ph/ |date=2018-10-31 }} * STI College – Las Piñas [http://sti.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031094111/http://www.sti.edu.ph/ |date=2018-10-31 }} * STI College – Makati [http://sti.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031094111/http://www.sti.edu.ph/ |date=2018-10-31 }} * STI College-Marikina * STI College – Muñoz-EDSA [http://sti.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031094111/http://www.sti.edu.ph/ |date=2018-10-31 }} * STI College-Recto * STI College – Shaw [http://sti.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031094111/http://www.sti.edu.ph/ |date=2018-10-31 }} * System Plus Computer College-Caloocan * Technological Institute of the Philippines, Manila [http://www.tip.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904132012/https://tip.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Technological Institute of the Philippines, Quezon City [http://www.tip.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904132012/https://tip.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * The Family Clinic, Inc [https://ched.gov.ph/family-clinic-profile-2/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080446/https://ched.gov.ph/family-clinic-profile-2/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * The Fisher Valley College * The Manila Times College * The One Nation Entrepreneur School * The Philippine Women's University, Manila [https://www.pwu.edu.ph/] * The Philippine Women's University, Quezon City [https://www.pwu.edu.ph/] * The National Teacher’s College [http://www.ntc.edu.ph/] * The University of Manila [http://www.umnla.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014040041/http://www.umnla.ph/ |date=2017-10-14 }} * Trinity University of Asia [http://www.tua.edu.ph/] * Treston International College [http://www.treston.edu.ph/] * UBIX Institute of Technology, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/ubix-institute-technologies-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080513/https://ched.gov.ph/ubix-institute-technologies-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of Perpetual Help System Dalta [http://perpetualdalta.edu.ph/] * University of Santo Tomas [http://www.ust.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141110154921/http://www.ust.edu.ph/?option=com_content&task=view&id=102&Itemid=58 |date=2014-11-10 }} * University of the East, Caloocan [https://www.ue.edu.ph/caloocan/index.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627224036/https://www.ue.edu.ph/caloocan/index.html |date=2021-06-27 }} * University of the East, Manila [https://www.ue.edu.ph/manila/index.html]{{Dead link|date=Hunyo 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * University of the Philippines Diliman [https://upd.edu.ph/] * University of the Philippines Manila [https://www.upm.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904024445/https://www1.upm.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Universal College of Parañaque [http://www.ucp.edu.ph/home/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630023854/http://www.ucp.edu.ph/home/ |date=2018-06-30 }} * University of Asia and the Pacific [http://www.uap.asia/] * University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center [https://uerm.edu.ph/] * Villagers Montessori [http://vmc.edu.ph/] * Wesleyan College of Manila * West Bay College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/west-bay-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080402/https://ched.gov.ph/west-bay-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * WCC Aeronautical and Technological College – North Manila, Inc. * World Citi Colleges-Quezon City [http://www.worldciti.edu.ph/]</p> == Rehiyon I == * ABE International College of Business and Accountancy [http://www.abe.edu.ph] * AIE College, Inc. * AMA Computer College – La Union [http://www.amaes.edu.ph] * AMA Computer College – Dagupan City [http://www.amaes.edu.ph] * AMA Computer College-Laoag City [http://www.amaes.edu.ph] * Asbury College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/asbury-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080418/https://ched.gov.ph/asbury-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Asiacareer College Foundation, Inc [https://ched.gov.ph/asiacareer-college-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080427/https://ched.gov.ph/asiacareer-college-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Baccarra Medical Center School of Midwifery [https://ched.gov.ph/baccarra-medical-center-school-midwifery-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080524/https://ched.gov.ph/baccarra-medical-center-school-midwifery-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * CICOSAT Colleges [http://cicosatcolleges.edu.ph/index.php/about-cicosat-colleges/]{{Dead link|date=Oktubre 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Colegio de Dagupan [http://www.cdd.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225023/http://www.cdd.edu.ph/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Colegio de San Juan de Letran – Manaoag (formerly Our Lady of Manaoag College) [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-san-juan-de-letran-manaoag-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080358/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-san-juan-de-letran-manaoag-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio San Jose De Alaminos [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-san-jose-de-alaminos-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080608/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-san-jose-de-alaminos-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Dagupan Colleges Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/dagupan-colleges-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080347/https://ched.gov.ph/dagupan-colleges-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Data Center College of the Philippines of Laoag City, Inc. [http://dccp.edu.ph] * Data Center College of the Philippines-Vigan City [https://ched.gov.ph/data-center-college-philippines-vigan-city-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081114/https://ched.gov.ph/data-center-college-philippines-vigan-city-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Divine Word College of Laoag [http://www.dwcl.edu.ph] * Divine Word College of Urdaneta [http://dwcu.wordpress.com] * Divine Word College of Vigan [https://ched.gov.ph/divine-word-college-vigan-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080400/https://ched.gov.ph/divine-word-college-vigan-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Mid La Union [http://www.dmmmsu-mluc.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409164838/http://www.dmmmsu-mluc.edu.ph/ |date=2018-04-09 }} * Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – North La Union – Main Campus [http://www.dmmmsu.edu.ph/] * Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – Open University [http://www.dmmmsu-ous.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724083450/http://dmmmsu-ous.org/ |date=2019-07-24 }} * Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University – South La Union [http://www.dmmmsu-sluc.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924020812/http://dmmmsu-sluc.com/ |date=2021-09-24 }} * Golden West Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/golden-west-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080729/https://ched.gov.ph/golden-west-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College [http://www.ispsc.edu.ph] * Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College-Candon [http://www.ispsc.edu.ph] * Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College-Cervantes [https://ched.gov.ph/ilocos-sur-polytechnic-state-college-cervantes-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081125/https://ched.gov.ph/ilocos-sur-polytechnic-state-college-cervantes-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College-College of Arts and Sciences-Tagudin [http://www.ispsc.edu.ph] * Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College-College of Fisheries and Marine Sciences – Narvacan [https://ched.gov.ph/ilocos-sur-polytechnic-state-college-college-fisheries-marine-sciences-narvacan-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080355/https://ched.gov.ph/ilocos-sur-polytechnic-state-college-college-fisheries-marine-sciences-narvacan-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Ilocos Sur Polytechnic State College-Santiago [http://www.ispsc.edu.ph] * International Colleges for Excellence [http://www.ice.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080332/http://ice.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Kingfisher School of Business and Finance [https://ched.gov.ph/kingfisher-school-business-finance-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080510/https://ched.gov.ph/kingfisher-school-business-finance-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * La Finn’s Scholastica [https://ched.gov.ph/la-finns-scholastica-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080427/https://ched.gov.ph/la-finns-scholastica-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * La Union Christian Comprehensive College [https://ched.gov.ph/la-union-christian-comprehensive-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080330/https://ched.gov.ph/la-union-christian-comprehensive-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * La Union College of Science and Technology [http://www.lucst.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080808/https://lucst.net/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Lorma Colleges [http://www.lorma.edu] * Luna Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/luna-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080516/https://ched.gov.ph/luna-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Luzon College of Science and Technology (Urdaneta) [https://ched.gov.ph/luzon-college-science-technology-urdaneta-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080432/https://ched.gov.ph/luzon-college-science-technology-urdaneta-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Lyceum Northern Luzon [https://ched.gov.ph/lyceum-northern-luzon-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080612/https://ched.gov.ph/lyceum-northern-luzon-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Lyceum Northwestern University [http://lyceum.edu.ph/] * Lyceum Northwestern University-Urdaneta Campus [http://lyceum.edu.ph/] * Macro Colleges Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/macro-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080516/https://ched.gov.ph/macro-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Malasiqui Agno Valley College [https://ched.gov.ph/malasiqui-agno-valley-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080454/https://ched.gov.ph/malasiqui-agno-valley-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mariano Marcos State University [http://www.mmsu.edu.ph] * Mariano Marcos State University – Currimao Ilocos Norte [http://www.mmsu.edu.ph] * Mariano Marcos State University-College of Agriculture and Forestry-Dingras [http://www.mmsu.edu.ph] * Mariano Marcos State University-College of Industrial Technology-Laoag City [http://www.mmsu.edu.ph] * Mariano Marcos State University-College of Teacher Education-Laoag City [http://www.mmsu.edu.ph] * Mary Help of Christians College Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/mary-help-christians-theology-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080511/https://ched.gov.ph/mary-help-christians-theology-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Metro-Dagupan Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/metro-dagupan-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080508/https://ched.gov.ph/metro-dagupan-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mystical Rose College of Science and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/mystical-rose-college-science-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080359/https://ched.gov.ph/mystical-rose-college-science-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * NICOSAT Colleges, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/nicosat-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080440/https://ched.gov.ph/nicosat-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * NJ Valdez Colleges Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/nj-valdez-colleges-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080443/https://ched.gov.ph/nj-valdez-colleges-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * North Luzon Philippines State College [http://www.nlpsc.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/http://www.nlpsc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northern Christian College [http://www.ncc.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904094114/https://www.ncc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northern Luzon Adventist College [http://www.nlac.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080328/http://nlac.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northern Philippines College for Maritime, Science and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/northern-philippines-college-maritime-science-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080344/https://ched.gov.ph/northern-philippines-college-maritime-science-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northwestern University [https://www.nwu.edu.ph/] * Osias Educational Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/osias-educational-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080522/https://ched.gov.ph/osias-educational-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Palaris College [https://palariscollegesweb.weebly.com/] * Pangasinan Merchant Marine Academy [https://pammaonline.weebly.com/] * Pangasinan State University [http://www.psu.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427043714/http://www.psu.edu.ph/ |date=2009-04-27 }} * Pangasinan State University-Alaminos City [http://www.psu.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427043714/http://www.psu.edu.ph/ |date=2009-04-27 }} * Pangasinan State University-Asingan [http://www.psu.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427043714/http://www.psu.edu.ph/ |date=2009-04-27 }} * Pangasinan State University-Bayambang [http://www.psu.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427043714/http://www.psu.edu.ph/ |date=2009-04-27 }} * Pangasinan State University-Binmaley [http://www.psu.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427043714/http://www.psu.edu.ph/ |date=2009-04-27 }} * Pangasinan State University-Infanta [http://www.psu.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427043714/http://www.psu.edu.ph/ |date=2009-04-27 }} * Pangasinan State University-San Carlos City [http://www.psu.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427043714/http://www.psu.edu.ph/ |date=2009-04-27 }} * Pangasinan State University-Sta. Maria [http://www.psu.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427043714/http://www.psu.edu.ph/ |date=2009-04-27 }} * Pangasinan State University-Urdaneta City [http://www.psu.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090427043714/http://www.psu.edu.ph/ |date=2009-04-27 }} * Panpacific University North Philippines-Tayug [https://ched.gov.ph/panpacific-university-north-philippines-tayug-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080344/https://ched.gov.ph/panpacific-university-north-philippines-tayug-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Panpacific University North Philippines-Urdaneta City [https://ched.gov.ph/panpacific-university-north-philippines-tayug-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080344/https://ched.gov.ph/panpacific-university-north-philippines-tayug-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Pass College [https://ched.gov.ph/pass-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080731/https://ched.gov.ph/pass-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Perpetual Help College of Pangasinan [http://www.uphsl.edu.ph] * Philippine College of Northwestern Luzon * Philippine College of Science and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-college-science-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080448/https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-college-science-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * PHINMA-UPang College Urdaneta, Inc. [http://www.up.phinma.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520003904/https://up.phinma.edu.ph/ |date=2022-05-20 }} * Philippine Darakbang Theological College [https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-darakbang-theological-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080557/https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-darakbang-theological-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * PIMSAT Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/pimsat-colleges-san-carlos-city-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080533/https://ched.gov.ph/pimsat-colleges-san-carlos-city-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * PIMSAT Colleges-San Carlos [https://ched.gov.ph/pimsat-colleges-san-carlos-city-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080533/https://ched.gov.ph/pimsat-colleges-san-carlos-city-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Polytechnic College of La Union [https://ched.gov.ph/polytechnic-college-la-union-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080541/https://ched.gov.ph/polytechnic-college-la-union-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Polytechnic College of Region I [https://ched.gov.ph/pimsat-colleges-san-carlos-city-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080533/https://ched.gov.ph/pimsat-colleges-san-carlos-city-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Rosales Wesleyan Bible College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/rosales-wesleyan-bible-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080449/https://ched.gov.ph/rosales-wesleyan-bible-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Columban’s College [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-columbans-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080546/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-columbans-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Louis College-City of San Fernando [http://www.slc-sflu.edu.ph] * Saint Mary’s College Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-marys-college/]{{Dead link|date=Oktubre 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Saint Therese College Foundation, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/st-therese-college-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080619/https://ched.gov.ph/st-therese-college-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * San Carlos College [http://www.sancarloscollege.edu.ph] * Sea and Sky College [https://ched.gov.ph/sea-sky-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080423/https://ched.gov.ph/sea-sky-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Señor Tesoro College Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/senor-tesoro-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080408/https://ched.gov.ph/senor-tesoro-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * South Ilocandia College of Arts and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/south-ilocandia-college-arts-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080948/https://ched.gov.ph/south-ilocandia-college-arts-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Camillus College of Manaoag Foundation, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/st-camillus-college-manaoag-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080406/https://ched.gov.ph/st-camillus-college-manaoag-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. John Bosco College of Northern Luzon [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-john-bosco-college-northern-luzon-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080457/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-john-bosco-college-northern-luzon-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Paul College of Ilocos Sur [http://www.spcis.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904112357/https://spcis.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Sta. Veronica College [https://ched.gov.ph/sta-veronica-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080403/https://ched.gov.ph/sta-veronica-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * STI College – Dagupan [http://www.sti.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031094111/http://www.sti.edu.ph/ |date=2018-10-31 }} * STI College – La Union [http://www.sti.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031094111/http://www.sti.edu.ph/ |date=2018-10-31 }} * STI College – Vigan [http://www.sti.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031094111/http://www.sti.edu.ph/ |date=2018-10-31 }} * STI Education Services Group * The Adelphi College [https://ched.gov.ph/adelphi-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080352/https://ched.gov.ph/adelphi-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * The Great Plebeian College [https://ched.gov.ph/great-plebeian-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080610/https://ched.gov.ph/great-plebeian-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Union Christian College [https://ched.gov.ph/union-christian-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080946/https://ched.gov.ph/union-christian-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of Luzon [http://www.ul.edu.ph] * University of Northern Philippines [http://www.unp.edu.ph] * University of Pangasinan [http://www.up.phinma.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520003904/https://up.phinma.edu.ph/ |date=2022-05-20 }} * Virgen Milagrosa University Foundation [http://www.vmuf.edu.ph] * WCC Aeronautical and Technological College [http://www.wccaviation.com]</p> == Rehiyon II == * Aldersgate College [http://aldersgate-college.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210731181531/http://www.aldersgate-college.com/ |date=2021-07-31 }} * AMA Computer College Tuguegarao City [http://www.amaes.edu.ph] * AMA Computer College-Santiago City [http://www.amaes.edu.ph] * Batanes State College, Basco, Batanes [http://www.bscbatanes.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313142521/http://bscbatanes.edu.ph/ |date=2016-03-13 }} * Cagayan State University-Andrews Campus, Tuguegarao City [http://www.csu.edu.ph/] * Cagayan State University-Aparri [http://www.csu.edu.ph/campus-aparri] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718005055/https://csu.edu.ph/campus-aparri |date=2021-07-18 }} * Cagayan State University-Gonzaga Campus [http://www.csu.edu.ph/campus-gonzaga] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715173356/https://csu.edu.ph/campus-gonzaga |date=2021-07-15 }} * Cagayan State University-Lal-lo Campus [http://www.csu.edu.ph/campus-lallo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717123832/https://csu.edu.ph/campus-lallo |date=2021-07-17 }} * Cagayan State University-Lasam Campus [http://www.csu.edu.ph/campus-lasam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718003802/https://csu.edu.ph/campus-lasam |date=2021-07-18 }} * Cagayan State University-Piat Campus [http://www.csu.edu.ph/campus-piat] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718003654/https://csu.edu.ph/campus-piat |date=2021-07-18 }} * Cagayan State University-Sanchez Mira Campus [http://www.csu.edu.ph/campus-sanchezmira] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717123845/https://csu.edu.ph/campus-sanchezmira |date=2021-07-17 }} * Cagayan State University – Tuguegarao [http://www.csu.edu.ph] * Cagayan Valley Computer and Information Technology College [http://cvcitc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080511/https://cvcitc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Eveland Christian College [https://ched.gov.ph/eveland-christian-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080429/https://ched.gov.ph/eveland-christian-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * F. L. Vargas College – Abulug Campus [https://ched.gov.ph/f-l-vargas-college-abulug-campus-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080937/https://ched.gov.ph/f-l-vargas-college-abulug-campus-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * FL Vargas College – Tuguegarao Campus [https://ched.gov.ph/fl-vargas-college-tuguegarao-campus/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080549/https://ched.gov.ph/fl-vargas-college-tuguegarao-campus/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Fuzeko Polytechnic College [https://ched.gov.ph/fuzeko-polytechnic-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081128/https://ched.gov.ph/fuzeko-polytechnic-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Global Academy of Technology and Entrepreneurship [https://ched.gov.ph/global-academy-technology-entrepreneurship-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080338/https://ched.gov.ph/global-academy-technology-entrepreneurship-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * HG Baquiran College Tumauini, Isabela [https://ched.gov.ph/hgbaquiran-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081232/https://ched.gov.ph/hgbaquiran-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Infant Jesus Montessori School (College Dept) [https://ched.gov.ph/infant-jesus-montessori-school-college-department-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080333/https://ched.gov.ph/infant-jesus-montessori-school-college-department-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * International School of Asia and the Pacific [https://ched.gov.ph/international-school-asia-pacific-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080503/https://ched.gov.ph/international-school-asia-pacific-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Isabela College of Arts and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/isabela-college-arts-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080358/https://ched.gov.ph/isabela-college-arts-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Isabela Colleges [http://isabela.colleges.tripod.com/#] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080353/http://isabela.colleges.tripod.com/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Isabela State University, Angadanan Campus [http://www.isu.edu.ph/index.php/campuses/angadanan-campus] * Isabela State University, Cabagan Campus [http://www.isu.edu.ph] * Isabela State University, Cauayan Campus [http://www.isu.edu.ph/index.php/campuses/cauayan-city-campus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204143217/http://www.isu.edu.ph/index.php/campuses/cauayan-city-campus |date=2018-02-04 }} * Isabela State University-Ilagan Campus [http://www.isu.edu.ph] * Isabela State University-Jones Campus [http://www.isu.edu.ph/] * Isabela State University-Main Campus, Echague, Isabela [http://www.isu.edu.ph/] * Isabela State University-Palanan Campus [http://www.isu.edu.ph/] * Isabela State University-Roxas Campus [http://www.isu.edu.ph/] * Isabela State University-San Mariano Campus [http://isu.edu.ph] * Isabela State University-San Mateo Campus [http://www.isu.edu.ph/] * John Wesley College [https://ched.gov.ph/john-wesley-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080432/https://ched.gov.ph/john-wesley-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * King's College of the Philippines – Bambang [https://ched.gov.ph/kings-college-philippines-bambang-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080421/https://ched.gov.ph/kings-college-philippines-bambang-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * La Salette of Roxas College Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/la-salette-roxas-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080546/https://ched.gov.ph/la-salette-roxas-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Lyceum of Aparri [https://ched.gov.ph/lyceum-of-aparri-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080452/https://ched.gov.ph/lyceum-of-aparri-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Lyceum of Tuao [https://ched.gov.ph/lyceum-tuao-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080435/https://ched.gov.ph/lyceum-tuao-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Maila Rosario Colleges, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan [https://ched.gov.ph/maila-rosario-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080543/https://ched.gov.ph/maila-rosario-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mallig Plains Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/mallig-plains-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904130643/https://ched.gov.ph/mallig-plains-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Medical Colleges of Northern Philippines [https://ched.gov.ph/medical-colleges-of-northern-philippines-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080614/https://ched.gov.ph/medical-colleges-of-northern-philippines-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Metropolitan College of Science and Technology Santiago City, Isabela [https://ched.gov.ph/metropolitan-school-science-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080437/https://ched.gov.ph/metropolitan-school-science-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northeast Luzon Adventist College [https://ched.gov.ph/northeast-luzon-adventist-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080929/https://ched.gov.ph/northeast-luzon-adventist-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northeastern College [http://www.northeasterncollege.edu.ph/] * Northern Cagayan Colleges Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/northern-cagayan-colleges-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080336/https://ched.gov.ph/northern-cagayan-colleges-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Nueva Vizcaya State University-Bambang [http://www.nvsu.edu.ph] * Nueva Vizcaya State University-Main Campus, Bayombong [http://www.nvsu.edu.ph] * Our Lady of the Pillar College-Cauayan [http://www.olpcc.edu.ph] * Our Lady of the Pillar College-Cauayan San Manuel Branch [http://olpcc.edu.ph/main/] * Patria Sable Corpus College [http://www.pscc.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831193146/https://www.pscc.edu.ph/ |date=2018-08-31 }} * Philippine Law Enforcement College [https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-law-enforcement-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080409/https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-law-enforcement-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Philippine Normal University – North Luzon Campus [https://www.pnu.edu.ph/pnu-north-luzon/] * PLT College [http://www.pltcollege.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080839/https://pltcollege.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Quezon Colleges of the North [https://ched.gov.ph/quezon-colleges-north-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080558/https://ched.gov.ph/quezon-colleges-north-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Quirino State University-Cabarroguis Campus [http://qsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804210436/https://qsu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-08-04 }} * Quirino State University-Diffun, Quirino [http://qsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804210436/https://qsu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-08-04 }} * Quirino State University-Maddela, Quirino [http://qsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804210436/https://qsu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-08-04 }} * Saint Anthony’s College [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-anthonys-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080513/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-anthonys-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Dominic College of Batanes [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-dominic-college-batanes-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080413/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-dominic-college-batanes-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Ferdinand College – Cabagan [http://www.sfc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080538/https://sfc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Ferdinand College – Ilagan [http://www.sfc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080538/https://sfc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Joseph’s College of Baggao [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-josephs-college-baggao-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080538/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-josephs-college-baggao-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Mary's University of Bayombong [http://www.smu.edu.ph/] * Saint Paul University Philippines, Tuguegarao City [http://www.spup.edu.ph/] * Santiago City Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/santiago-city-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080609/https://ched.gov.ph/santiago-city-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Sierra College [https://ched.gov.ph/sierra-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080553/https://ched.gov.ph/sierra-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * SISTECH College of Santiago City [https://ched.gov.ph/sistech-college-santiago-city-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081229/https://ched.gov.ph/sistech-college-santiago-city-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * STI College-Cauayan [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI College-Tuguegarao [http://www.sti.edu/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602233009/http://www.sti.edu/ |date=2008-06-02 }} * University of Cagayan Valley [http://www.ucv.edu.ph] * University of La Salette [https://ched.gov.ph/university-of-la-salette-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080415/https://ched.gov.ph/university-of-la-salette-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of Perpetual Help System Cauayan City [https://www.uphsl.edu.ph/] * University of Saint Louis-Tuguegarao [http://www.usl.edu.ph/]</p> == Rehiyon III == * ABE International College of Business & Economics-Cabanatuan City, Inc. [http://www.abe.edu.ph/cabanatuan/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225725/http://abe.edu.ph/cabanatuan/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * ABE International College of Business & Accountancy, Inc.-Malolos City [http://www.abe.edu.ph/malolos/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225703/http://abe.edu.ph/malolos/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Academia De San Lorenzo Dema-Ala, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/academia-de-san-lorenzo-dema-ala-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080519/https://ched.gov.ph/academia-de-san-lorenzo-dema-ala-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * ACLC College of Apalit, Inc. [http://amaclc.net/apalit/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627224726/http://amaclc.net/apalit/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * ACLC College of Balanga, Inc. [http://www.aclc.edu.ph/] * ACLC College of Gapan, Inc. [http://www.aclc.edu.ph/] * ACLC College of Mabalacat, Inc. [http://www.aclc.edu.ph/] * ACLC College of Malolos, Inc. [http://www.aclc.edu.ph/] * ACLC College of Meycauayan, Inc. [http://www.aclc.edu.ph/] * ACLC College of Poblacion, Baliuag, Inc. [http://www.aclc.edu.ph/] * ACLC College of Sta. Maria, Inc. [http://www.aclc.edu.ph/] * AMA Computer College-Angeles City [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * AMA Computer College-Cabanatuan City [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * AMA Computer College-Malolos City [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * AMA Computer College-Olongapo City [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * AMA Computer College-San Fernando City [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * AMA Computer College-Tarlac City [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * Angeles University Foundation [http://www.auf.edu.ph/#sthash.IGXodOQS.dpbs] * Asia Pacific College of Advanced Studies [http://apcas.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080325/http://apcas.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Asian Institute of Computer Studies-Central Inc. [http://www.aics.edu.ph/home/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822183056/http://www.aics.edu.ph/home |date=2018-08-22 }} * Aurora Polytechnic College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/aurora-polytechnic-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080336/https://ched.gov.ph/aurora-polytechnic-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Aurora State College of Technology-Casiguran Campus [http://ascot.edu.ph/] * Aurora State College of Technology-Main Campus [http://ascot.edu.ph/] * Aurora State College of Technology-Maria Aurora Campus [http://ascot.edu.ph/] * Baliuag University [http://baliuagu.edu.ph/] * Baliwag Maritime Academy * Bataan Heroes Memorial College [https://ched.gov.ph/bataan-heroes-memorial-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080508/https://ched.gov.ph/bataan-heroes-memorial-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Bataan Peninsula State University-Abucay Campus [http://www.bpsu.edu.ph/index.php/abucaymenu] * Bataan Peninsula State University-Balanga Campus [http://www.bpsu.edu.ph/index.php/aboutfaf/476-balanga-campus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917034726/http://www.bpsu.edu.ph/index.php/aboutfaf/476-balanga-campus |date=2019-09-17 }} * Bataan Peninsula State University-Dinalupihan Campus [http://www.bpsu.edu.ph/index.php/aboutfaf/478-dinalupihan-campus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190915080048/http://www.bpsu.edu.ph/index.php/aboutfaf/478-dinalupihan-campus |date=2019-09-15 }} * Bataan Peninsula State University-Main Campus [http://www.bpsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208104905/http://www.bpsu.edu.ph/ |date=2011-12-08 }} * Bataan Peninsula State University-Orani Campus [http://www.bpsu.edu.ph/index.php/aboutfaf/477-orani-campus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905123102/http://www.bpsu.edu.ph/index.php/aboutfaf/477-orani-campus |date=2019-09-05 }} * Bestlink College of the Philippines, Inc. [http://bcp.edu.ph/] * Bulacan Agricultural State College [http://www.basc.edu.ph/] * Bulacan State University – Bulacan (Meneses) Campus [http://www.bulsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225070343/http://bulsu.edu.ph/ |date=2016-12-25 }} * Bulacan State University – Bustos Campus [http://www.bulsu.edu.ph/academics/campuses.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225215/https://www.bulsu.edu.ph/academics/campuses.php |date=2021-06-27 }} * Bulacan State University – Hagonoy Campus [https://bsuhagonoy.weebly.com/] * Bulacan State University – Main Campus [http://www.bulsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225070343/http://bulsu.edu.ph/ |date=2016-12-25 }} * Bulacan State University – Sarmiento Campus [http://www.bulsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161225070343/http://bulsu.edu.ph/ |date=2016-12-25 }} * Camiling Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/camiling-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080532/https://ched.gov.ph/camiling-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Carthel Science Educational Foundation (CSEF), Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/carthel-science-educational-foundation-csef-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080941/https://ched.gov.ph/carthel-science-educational-foundation-csef-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Central Luzon College of Science And Technology Olongapo City, Inc. [http://www.clcst.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826231144/http://www.clcst.edu.ph/ |date=2016-08-26 }} * Central Luzon College of Science And Technology, Inc.-San Fernando City [http://www.clcst.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826231144/http://www.clcst.edu.ph/ |date=2016-08-26 }} * Central Luzon Doctors’ Hospital Educational Institution, Inc. [http://www.cldhei.edu.ph/] * Central Luzon State University [https://clsu.edu.ph/] * Centro Colegio De Tarlac, Inc. [http://centrocolegio.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707222237/http://centrocolegio.edu.ph/ |date=2018-07-07 }} * Centro Escolar University At Malolos [http://malolos.ceu.edu.ph/] * CIT Colleges of Paniqui Foundation, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/cit-colleges-paniqui-foundation-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080424/https://ched.gov.ph/cit-colleges-paniqui-foundation-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Clark College of Science And Technology, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/clark-college-science-technology-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080350/https://ched.gov.ph/clark-college-science-technology-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio De Calumpit, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-calumpit-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081256/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-calumpit-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio De San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-san-gabriel-arcangel-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080555/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-san-gabriel-arcangel-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio De San Juan De Letran [http://www.letran.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507034432/https://letran.edu.ph/ |date=2021-05-07 }} * Colegio De San Pascual Baylon [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-san-pascual-baylon-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080616/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-san-pascual-baylon-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio De Sebastian-Pampanga, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-sebastian-pampanga-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080734/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-sebastian-pampanga-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * College For Research & Technology of Cabanatuan, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/college-research-technology-cabanatuan-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080406/https://ched.gov.ph/college-research-technology-cabanatuan-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * College of Mary Immaculate of Pandi, Bulacan, Inc. [http://collegeofmaryimmaculate.yolasite.com/] * College of Our Lady of Mt. Carmel (Pampanga), Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/college-lady-mt-carmel-pampanga-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081246/https://ched.gov.ph/college-lady-mt-carmel-pampanga-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * College of Saint Lawrence, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/college-saint-lawrence-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080416/https://ched.gov.ph/college-saint-lawrence-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * College of Subic Montessori Subic Bay, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/college-subic-montessori-subic-bay-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080333/https://ched.gov.ph/college-subic-montessori-subic-bay-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * College of Subic Montessori, Inc. * College of the Holy Spirit of Tarlac [https://collegoftheholyspiritotarlac.weebly.com/] * College of the Immaculate Conception [http://www.cic.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904092925/https://www.cic.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * College of the Most Holy Trinity Catholic Foundation, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/college-holy-trinity-catholic-foundation-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080621/https://ched.gov.ph/college-holy-trinity-catholic-foundation-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * College of the Our Lady of Mercy of Pulilan Foundation, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/college-lady-mercy-pulilan-foundation-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080404/https://ched.gov.ph/college-lady-mercy-pulilan-foundation-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colleges of Advance Technology And Management of the Phils. (CATMAN), Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/colleges-advance-technology-management-phils-catman-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080341/https://ched.gov.ph/colleges-advance-technology-management-phils-catman-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Columban College, Inc.-Olongapo City [http://www.columban.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904095141/https://www.columban.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Columban College-Sta. Cruz [https://ched.gov.ph/columban-college-sta-cruz-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080535/https://ched.gov.ph/columban-college-sta-cruz-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Comteq Computer & Business College [http://www.comteq.edu.ph] * Concepcion Holy Cross College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/concepcion-holy-cross-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081122/https://ched.gov.ph/concepcion-holy-cross-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Core Gateway College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/core-gateway-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080352/https://ched.gov.ph/core-gateway-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Divina Pastora College [https://ched.gov.ph/divina-pastora-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080451/https://ched.gov.ph/divina-pastora-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Dominican College of Tarlac, Inc. [https://dct.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080325/https://dct.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Don Honorio Ventura Technological State University – Main [http://www.dhvtsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315162819/http://dhvtsu.edu.ph/ |date=2012-03-15 }} * Dr. Gloria D. Lacson Foundation Colleges of Cabanatuan City, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/dr-gloria-d-lacson-foundation-colleges-cabanatuan-city-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080530/https://ched.gov.ph/dr-gloria-d-lacson-foundation-colleges-cabanatuan-city-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Dr. Gloria D. Lacson Foundation Colleges, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/dr-gloria-d-lacson-foundation-colleges-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081241/https://ched.gov.ph/dr-gloria-d-lacson-foundation-colleges-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Dr. Yanga’s Colleges, Inc. [http://www.dyci.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904093507/https://www.dyci.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Eastwoods Professional College of Science And Technology, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/eastwoods-professional-college-science-technology-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080600/https://ched.gov.ph/eastwoods-professional-college-science-technology-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Ecumenical Christian College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/ecumenical-christian-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081120/https://ched.gov.ph/ecumenical-christian-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Emmanuel System College of Bulacan, Inc. * Erhard Science College-Bulacan, Inc. [http://www.esc.ph/web/index.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122015447/http://esc.ph/web/index.php |date=2018-11-22 }} * Exact Colleges of Asia, Inc. [http://www.exact-center.com/] * Fernandez College of Arts & Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/fernandez-college-arts-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080602/https://ched.gov.ph/fernandez-college-arts-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * First City Providential College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/first-city-providential-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080420/https://ched.gov.ph/first-city-providential-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Fundamental Baptist College For Asians, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/fundamental-baptist-college-asians-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080352/https://ched.gov.ph/fundamental-baptist-college-asians-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * General De Jesus College [http://gendejesus.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081456/http://gendejesus.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Gerona Junior Colege, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/gerona-junior-colege-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081131/https://ched.gov.ph/gerona-junior-colege-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Golden Valley Colleges, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/golden-valley-colleges-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081235/https://ched.gov.ph/golden-valley-colleges-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Guagua National Colleges [http://www.guaguanationalcolleges.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814000249/http://guaguanationalcolleges.com/ |date=2020-08-14 }} * Holy Angel University, Inc. [http://www.hau.edu.ph/] * Holy Cross College-Nueva Ecija [http://hcc.netne.net/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619025325/http://hcc.netne.net/ |date=2018-06-19 }} * Holy Cross College-Pampanga [http://www.holycrosscollegepampanga.edu.ph/] * Holy Rosary Colleges Foundation of Calaba [https://ched.gov.ph/holy-rosary-colleges-foundation-calaba-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080544/https://ched.gov.ph/holy-rosary-colleges-foundation-calaba-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Immaculate Conception I-College of Arts And Technology, Inc. [https://www.icinstitutions.edu.ph/ici/]{{Dead link|date=Oktubre 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Immaculate Conception Major Seminary [https://www.icmasbulacan.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824143459/https://www.icmasbulacan.com/ |date=2018-08-24 }} * Interworld College of Science And Technology – Tarlac City [https://ched.gov.ph/interworld-college-science-technology-tarlac-city-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081249/https://ched.gov.ph/interworld-college-science-technology-tarlac-city-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Interworld Colleges Foundation, Inc. – Paniqui Tarlac [https://icfpaniqui.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/https://icfpaniqui.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Jesus Is Lord College Foundation, Inc. [http://www.jilcf.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310191009/http://www.jilcf.edu.ph/ |date=2016-03-10 }} * Jocson College, Inc. [http://www.jocsoncollegeinc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619032641/http://jocsoncollegeinc.edu.ph/ |date=2018-06-19 }} * Jose C. Feliciano College Foundation, Inc. [http://www.josecfelicianocollege.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518075444/https://josecfelicianocollege.com/ |date=2021-05-18 }} * La Concepcion College [https://laconcepcioncollege.com/] * La Consolacion University Philippines (Formerly University of Regina Carmeli) [https://www.lcup.edu.ph/] * La Fortuna College [http://lfcweb.lafortunacollege.net/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180622043205/http://lfcweb.lafortunacollege.net/ |date=2018-06-22 }} * La Verdad Christian College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/la-verdad-christian-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080943/https://ched.gov.ph/la-verdad-christian-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Liceo De Pulilan Colleges, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/liceo-de-pulilan-colleges-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080607/https://ched.gov.ph/liceo-de-pulilan-colleges-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Lourdes College of Bulacan, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/lourdes-college-bulacan-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080529/https://ched.gov.ph/lourdes-college-bulacan-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Lourdes College Of Pampanga, Inc. [http://ollc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617195925/http://ollc.edu.ph/ |date=2019-06-17 }} * Lyceum of Subic Bay, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/lyceum-subic-bay-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080500/https://ched.gov.ph/lyceum-subic-bay-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Lyceum of the East-Aurora, Inc. [http://www.kaibiganusaptayo.com/kingalvin/lyceumoftheeast/index.php#] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119061445/http://www.kaibiganusaptayo.com/kingalvin/lyceumoftheeast/index.php |date=2018-11-19 }} * M. V. Gallego Foundation Colleges [http://mvgallego.edu.ph/] * Magsaysay Memorial College of Zambales, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/magsaysay-memorial-college-zambales-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080502/https://ched.gov.ph/magsaysay-memorial-college-zambales-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Maria Assumpta Seminary [http://assumptaseminary.blogspot.com/] * Marian College of Baliuag, Inc. [http://www.mariancollegebaliuag.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027202950/http://mariancollegebaliuag.com/ |date=2021-10-27 }} * Maritime Academy of Asia And the Pacific [http://maap.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/http://maap.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mary the Queen College (Pampanga), Inc. [http://mqc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080327/http://mqc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mater Redemptoris College of San Jose City, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/mater-redemptoris-college-san-jose-city-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080555/https://ched.gov.ph/mater-redemptoris-college-san-jose-city-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Megabyte College, Inc.-Florida Blanca [https://ched.gov.ph/megabyte-college-inc-florida-blanca-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080412/https://ched.gov.ph/megabyte-college-inc-florida-blanca-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Metro Subic Colleges, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/metro-subic-colleges-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081244/https://ched.gov.ph/metro-subic-colleges-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Meycauayan College [http://meyc-college.edu.ph/] * Micro Asia College of Science & Technology, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/micro-asia-college-science-technology-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080443/https://ched.gov.ph/micro-asia-college-science-technology-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Microcity Computer of Business And Technology( Formerly: Microcity Computer College Foundation, Inc.) [https://ched.gov.ph/microcity-computer-business-technology-formerly-microcity-computer-college-foundation-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080605/https://ched.gov.ph/microcity-computer-business-technology-formerly-microcity-computer-college-foundation-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Midway Maritime Foundation, Inc. [http://midwaymaritime.com.ph/#/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080352/http://midwaymaritime.com.ph/#/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mondriaan Aura College [https://www.aura.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/https://www.aura.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mother of Good Counsel Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/mother-good-counsel-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080618/https://ched.gov.ph/mother-good-counsel-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mount Carmel College of Baler, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/mount-carmel-college-baler-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080519/https://ched.gov.ph/mount-carmel-college-baler-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mount Carmel College of Casiguran, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/mount-carmel-college-casiguran-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080435/https://ched.gov.ph/mount-carmel-college-casiguran-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mt. Carmel College of Bocaue Bulacan, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/mt-carmel-college-bocaue-bulacan-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080349/https://ched.gov.ph/mt-carmel-college-bocaue-bulacan-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Nazarenus College And Hospital Foundation, Inc. [http://www.nazarenuscollege.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502191341/http://www.nazarenuscollege.com/ |date=2019-05-02 }} * New Era University [http://www.neu.edu.ph/main/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080335/http://www.neu.edu.ph/main/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northern Zambales College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/northern-zambales-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080739/https://ched.gov.ph/northern-zambales-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Nueva Ecija Doctors Colleges, Inc. * Nueva Ecija University of Science And Technology – Gabaldon Campus [http://neust.edu.ph/] * Nueva Ecija University of Science And Technology-Atate Campus [http://neust.edu.ph/] * Nueva Ecija University of Science And Technology-Carranglan Campus [http://neust.edu.ph/] * Nueva Ecija University of Science And Technology-Fort Magsaysay Campus [http://neust.edu.ph/] * Nueva Ecija University of Science And Technology-Gen. Tinio Campus [http://neust.edu.ph/] * Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology-San Isidro Campus [http://neust.edu.ph/] * Nueva Ecija University of Science And Technology-Sumacab Campus [http://neust.edu.ph/] * Osias Colleges, Inc. [http://osiascolleges.edu.ph/] * Our Lady of Fatima University – Pampanga, Inc. [http://www.fatima.edu.ph/campus.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904093639/https://www.fatima.edu.ph/campus.php |date=2021-09-04 }} * Our Lady of Fatima University, Inc (Formerly East Central Colleges) [http://www.fatima.edu.ph/campus.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904093639/https://www.fatima.edu.ph/campus.php |date=2021-09-04 }} * Our Lady of Manaoag Montessori College, Inc. [http://www.olmamc.net/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/http://www.olmamc.net/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Our Lady of Peace College Seminary * Our Lady of the Sacred Heart College of Guimba, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/lady-sacred-heart-college-guimba-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080505/https://ched.gov.ph/lady-sacred-heart-college-guimba-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Pamantasan Ng Araullo (Araullo University), Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/pamantasan-ng-araullo-araullo-university-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080527/https://ched.gov.ph/pamantasan-ng-araullo-araullo-university-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Pampanga Colleges, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/pampanga-colleges-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080437/https://ched.gov.ph/pampanga-colleges-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Pampanga State Agricultural University ( Formerly: Pampanga Agricultural College) [http://www.psau.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815123827/https://psau.edu.ph/ |date=2021-08-15 }} * Philippine Merchant Marine Academy [http://www.pmma.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013022617/http://www.pmma.edu.ph/ |date=2007-10-13 }} * Philippine Rehabilitation Institute Foundation, Inc. [http://prifnet.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727170859/http://www.prifnet.com/ |date=2020-07-27 }} * Philippine Women’s University Career Development And Continuing Education Center Bataan, Inc. [https://www.pwu.edu.ph/cdcec.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/https://www.pwu.edu.ph/cdcec.html |date=2021-09-04 }} * Philippine Women’s University Career Development And Continuing Education Center Tarlac, Inc. [https://www.pwu.edu.ph/cdcec.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/https://www.pwu.edu.ph/cdcec.html |date=2021-09-04 }} * Ramon Magsaysay Technological University (Botolan Campus) [http://rmtu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126231829/http://rmtu.edu.ph/ |date=2019-01-26 }} * Ramon Magsaysay Technological University (Main Campus) [http://rmtu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126231829/http://rmtu.edu.ph/ |date=2019-01-26 }} * Ramon Magsaysay Technological University (San Marcelino Campus) [http://rmtu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126231829/http://rmtu.edu.ph/ |date=2019-01-26 }} * Richwell Colleges, Inc. [https://richwell.com.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230829065957/http://www.richwell.com.ph/ |date=2023-08-29 }} * RCC Colegio De San Rafael, Inc. [http://rcc.edu.ph/cdsr/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408152255/http://rcc.edu.ph/cdsr/ |date=2017-04-08 }} * Republic Central Colleges [http://www.rcc.edu.ph/] * Sact St. Mutien College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/sact-st-mutien-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080412/https://ched.gov.ph/sact-st-mutien-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Mary’s Angels College of Pampanga, Inc. [http://gocloudasia.net/saintmary/content.php?content_id=5] * San Jose Christian Colleges [http://www.sjccolleges.org/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200203062900/http://www.sjccolleges.org/ |date=2020-02-03 }} * Santa Rita College of Pampanga, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/santa-rita-college-pampanga-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080418/https://ched.gov.ph/santa-rita-college-pampanga-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Siena College of San Jose, Inc. * SJDM Cornerstone College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/sjdm-cornerstone-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080527/https://ched.gov.ph/sjdm-cornerstone-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Somascan Fathers Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/somascan-fathers-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080446/https://ched.gov.ph/somascan-fathers-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Anthony College of Technology [https://www.sact.edu.ph/]{{Dead link|date=Oktubre 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * St. Augustine Colleges Foundation, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/st-augustine-colleges-foundation-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080538/https://ched.gov.ph/st-augustine-colleges-foundation-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Benilde Center For Global Competence, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/st-benilde-center-global-competence-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080541/https://ched.gov.ph/st-benilde-center-global-competence-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Elizabeth Global Skills Institute, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/st-elizabeth-global-skills-institute-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080355/https://ched.gov.ph/st-elizabeth-global-skills-institute-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Joseph College of Bulacan, Inc. [http://www.sjcb.info/] * St. Joseph College-Olongapo Inc. [http://www.sjc-o.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627224921/http://www.sjc-o.com/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * St. Joseph’s College of Balanga City, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/st-josephs-college-balanga-city-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080356/https://ched.gov.ph/st-josephs-college-balanga-city-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Mary’s College of Baliuag [http://www.smcbaliwag.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904232953/https://www.smcbaliwag.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Mary’s College of Meycauayan [http://smcm.edu.ph/home/] * St. Nicolas College of Business And Technology, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/st-nicolas-college-business-technology-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080457/https://ched.gov.ph/st-nicolas-college-business-technology-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Paul College of Arts And Sciences, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/st-paul-college-arts-sciences-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080613/https://ched.gov.ph/st-paul-college-arts-sciences-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Paul College of Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/st-paul-college-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080553/https://ched.gov.ph/st-paul-college-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Paul University at San Miguel [http://paulinians02.synthasite.com/] * St. Rose College Educational Foundation, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/st-rose-college-educational-foundation-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080505/https://ched.gov.ph/st-rose-college-educational-foundation-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Thomas More College [http://www.stmc-clark.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616041011/http://www.stmc-clark.com/ |date=2019-06-16 }} * STI College – Angeles [https://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=20] * STI College – Balagtas [https://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=22] * STI College – Baliuag [https://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=18] * STI College – Malolos [https://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=27] * STI College – Meycauayan [https://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=28] * STI College – San Fernando [https://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=30] * STI College – Sta. Maria [https://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=32] * STI College – San Jose [https://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=39] * STI College – Tarlac [https://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=33] * Sto. Rosario Sapang Palay College [https://ched.gov.ph/sto-rosario-sapang-palay-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081251/https://ched.gov.ph/sto-rosario-sapang-palay-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Subic Bay College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/subic-bay-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080736/https://ched.gov.ph/subic-bay-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Systems Plus College Foundation, Inc. [http://www.spcf.edu.ph/] * Tarlac Agricultural University (Formerly: Tarlac College of Agriculture) [http://www.tca.edu.ph/] * Tarlac Christian Colleges, Inc. [https://www.tarlacchristiancollege.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080352/https://www.tarlacchristiancollege.com/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Tarlac State University – Main Campus [http://www.tsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151203224619/http://www.tsu.edu.ph/ |date=2015-12-03 }} * Tarlac State University – San Isidro Campus [http://www.tsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151203224619/http://www.tsu.edu.ph/ |date=2015-12-03 }} * The Good Samaritan Colleges, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/good-samaritan-colleges-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080338/https://ched.gov.ph/good-samaritan-colleges-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * The Manila Times College of Subic, Inc. [http://subic.tmtc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160814185210/http://subic.tmtc.edu.ph/ |date=2016-08-14 }} * Tomas Del Rosario College [http://trc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904093125/https://trc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * United School of Science And Technology Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/united-school-science-technology-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080415/https://ched.gov.ph/united-school-science-technology-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of the Assumption [http://ua.edu.ph/] * University of the Philippines – Diliman (Olongapo City) [http://www.updepo.com/] * University of the Philippines – Diliman (Pampanga) [http://www.upepp.upd.edu.ph/] * Virgen Milagrosa Del Rosario College Seminary * Wesleyan University-Philippines-Aurora [http://www.wesleyan.edu.ph/] * Wesleyan University-Philippines-Cabanatuan City [http://www.wesleyan.edu.ph/] * Westfields International College, Inc. [http://westfields.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116054749/https://westfields.edu.ph/ |date=2019-01-16 }} * World Citi Colleges-Guimba, Inc. [http://www.worldciti.edu.ph/guimba-campus/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413050512/http://www.worldciti.edu.ph/guimba-campus/ |date=2019-04-13 }}</p> == Rehiyon IV-A == * ABE International Business College Quezon Province [http://www.abe.edu.ph/lucena/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225257/http://abe.edu.ph/lucena/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * ABE International College of Business and Economics-Cainta [http://www.abe.edu.ph/] * ACLC College Of San Pablo [http://www.aclc.edu.ph/] * ACLC College of Taytay [https://ched.gov.ph/aclc-college-taytay-2/]{{Dead link|date=Oktubre 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * ACTS Computer College [http://actscc.edu.ph/] * ACTS Computer College Infanta [http://actscc.edu.ph/index.php] * Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies [https://www.aiias.edu/en/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101015205/https://www.aiias.edu/en/ |date=2020-11-01 }} * Adventist University of the Philippines [http://web1.aup.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/http://web1.aup.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Agoncillo College [https://ched.gov.ph/agoncillo-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081254/https://ched.gov.ph/agoncillo-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Alitagtag College [https://ched.gov.ph/alitagtag-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080535/https://ched.gov.ph/alitagtag-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * All Nations College [https://ched.gov.ph/nations-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081117/https://ched.gov.ph/nations-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Alpha Centauri Educational System [http://aces.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225320/http://aces.edu.ph/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * AMA Computer College Lipa [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * AMA Computer College Batangas City [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * AMA Computer College Binan [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * AMA Computer College Calamba [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * AMA Computer College Dasmarinas [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * AMA Computer College East Rizal [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * AMA Computer College Lucena [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * AMA Computer College Sta.Cruz [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * AMA School of Medicine [http://www.amaschoolofmedicine.com/] * Asia Pacific Christian College And Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/asia-pacific-christian-college-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080521/https://ched.gov.ph/asia-pacific-christian-college-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Asia Tech. School of Sci. and Arts [http://asiatech.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904083233/https://www.asiatech.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Asian Institute of Technology and Education Tiaong Campus [https://ched.gov.ph/asian-institute-technology-education-tiaong-campus-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080552/https://ched.gov.ph/asian-institute-technology-education-tiaong-campus-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Asian School of Hospitality Arts [http://asha.edu.ph/] * Asia-Pacific Nazarene Theological Seminary [http://www.apnts.edu.ph/] * Baptist Bible Seminary and Institute [https://ched.gov.ph/baptist-bible-seminary-institute-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080409/https://ched.gov.ph/baptist-bible-seminary-institute-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Baptist Voice Bible College [http://www.baptistvoicecollege.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801203733/http://baptistvoicecollege.com/ |date=2019-08-01 }} * Batangas College of Arts and Sciences [http://www.bcas.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125204510/http://bcas.edu.ph/ |date=2021-11-25 }} * Batangas Eastern College [https://ched.gov.ph/batangas-eastern-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081237/https://ched.gov.ph/batangas-eastern-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Batangas State University Apolinario R. Apacible School of Fisheries Nasugbu [http://batstate-u.edu.ph/nasugbu/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922003621/https://batstate-u.edu.ph/nasugbu/ |date=2020-09-22 }} * Batangas State University Balayan [http://batstate-u.edu.ph/balayan/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922015529/https://batstate-u.edu.ph/balayan/ |date=2020-09-22 }} * Batangas State University Jose P. Laurel Polytechnic College Malvar [http://batstate-u.edu.ph/malvar/] * Batangas State University Lemery [http://batstate-u.edu.ph/lemery/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922015714/https://batstate-u.edu.ph/lemery/ |date=2020-09-22 }} * Batangas State University Lipa City [http://batstate-u.edu.ph/lipa/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926205319/https://batstate-u.edu.ph/lipa/ |date=2020-09-26 }} * Batangas State University Lobo [http://batstate-u.edu.ph/lobo/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926203350/http://batstate-u.edu.ph/lobo/ |date=2020-09-26 }} * Batangas State University Main [http://batstate-u.edu.ph/] * Batangas State University Rosario [http://batstate-u.edu.ph/san-juan/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200926213919/http://batstate-u.edu.ph/san-juan/ |date=2020-09-26 }} * Batangas State University San Juan [http://www.bcc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111212341/http://www.bcc.edu.ph/ |date=2019-01-11 }} * Binangonan Catholic College [http://www.bcc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111212341/http://www.bcc.edu.ph/ |date=2019-01-11 }} * Brookfield College [https://ched.gov.ph/brookfield-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080932/https://ched.gov.ph/brookfield-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * BWEST College [https://ched.gov.ph/bwest-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080429/https://ched.gov.ph/bwest-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Cainta Catholic College [http://www.caintacatholiccollege.com/] * Calamba Doctors’ College [http://calambadoctorscollege.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080324/http://calambadoctorscollege.com/ |date=2021-09-04 }}&lt; * Calauag Central College [https://ched.gov.ph/calauag-central-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080800/https://ched.gov.ph/calauag-central-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Calayan Educational Foundation [http://www.cefi.edu.ph/] * Canossa College [http://canossacollegespc.com.ph/] * CARD-MRI Development Institute [http://casans.edu.ph/] * Casa Del Nino College [http://casans.edu.ph/] * Cavite State University General Trias Campus [http://www.cvsu.edu.ph/index.php/general-trias] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106072810/http://www.cvsu.edu.ph/index.php/general-trias |date=2018-01-06 }} * Cavite State University Main [http://www.cvsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009210942/http://www.cvsu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-10-09 }} * Cavite State University Bacoor [http://www.cvsu.edu.ph/index.php/bacoor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109013751/http://cvsu.edu.ph/index.php/bacoor |date=2018-01-09 }} * Cavite State University Carmona [http://www.cvsu.edu.ph/index.php/carmona] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117031240/http://www.cvsu.edu.ph/index.php/carmona |date=2018-01-17 }} * Cavite State University Cavite City [http://www.cvsu.edu.ph/index.php/cavite-city] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104072622/http://www.cvsu.edu.ph/index.php/cavite-city |date=2018-01-04 }} * Cavite State University Imus [http://www.cvsu.edu.ph/index.php/imus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180109013309/http://cvsu.edu.ph/index.php/imus |date=2018-01-09 }} * Cavite State University Naic [http://www.cvsu-naic.edu.ph/] * Cavite State University Rosario [https://www.cvsu-rosario.edu.ph/] * Cavite State University Silang Campus [http://www.cvsu.edu.ph/index.php/tanza] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105231239/http://cvsu.edu.ph/index.php/tanza |date=2018-01-05 }} * Cavite State University Tanza Campus [http://www.cvsu.edu.ph/index.php/tanza] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180105231239/http://cvsu.edu.ph/index.php/tanza |date=2018-01-05 }} * Cavite State University Trece Martires City [http://www.cvsu.edu.ph/index.php/trece-martires-city] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110230404/http://cvsu.edu.ph/index.php/trece-martires-city |date=2018-01-10 }} * Cavite West Point College Cavite City [https://ched.gov.ph/cavite-west-point-college-cavite-city-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080903/https://ched.gov.ph/cavite-west-point-college-cavite-city-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Cavite West Point College Ternate [http://cavitewestpointcollege2000.blogspot.com] * Center for Biblical Studies Institute and Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/center-biblical-studies-institute-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081133/https://ched.gov.ph/center-biblical-studies-institute-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Christian College of Tanauan [https://christiancollegeoftanauan.wordpress.com/] * CITI Global College Inc. Biñan [http://www.citiglobalcollege.edu.ph/tag/binan/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080354/http://www.citiglobalcollege.edu.ph/tag/binan/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * CITI Global College Inc. Cabuyao [http://www.citiglobalcollege.edu.ph/] * Colegio de Amore [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-amore-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080459/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-amore-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio de Los Banos [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-los-banos-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080802/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-los-banos-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio de Porta Vaga [http://www.colegiodeportavaga.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080335/http://www.colegiodeportavaga.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio De San Juan De Letran Calamba [https://www.letran-calamba.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/https://www.letran-calamba.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio De San Pedro [http://www.cdsp.edu.ph/] * Colegio de Sto. Cristo de Burgos [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-sto-cristo-de-burgos-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080504/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-sto-cristo-de-burgos-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio De Sto. Domingo De Silos [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-sto-domingo-de-silos-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080957/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-sto-domingo-de-silos-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio San Agustin Binan [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-san-agustin-binan-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080626/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-san-agustin-binan-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * College of Arts and Sciences of Asia and the Pacific [http://www.casap.edu.ph/] * College of San Benildo Rizal [http://www.sanbenildo.edu.ph/] * College of Saint John Paul II Arts and Sciences [https://ched.gov.ph/college-saints-john-paul-ii-arts-sciences-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081059/https://ched.gov.ph/college-saints-john-paul-ii-arts-sciences-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * CSTC College of Science, Technology and Communication, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/cstc-college-science-technology-communication-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080930/https://ched.gov.ph/cstc-college-science-technology-communication-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * CVE Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/cve-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080838/https://ched.gov.ph/cve-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Daehan College Of Business And Technology, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/daehan-college-business-technology-inc-provile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080959/https://ched.gov.ph/daehan-college-business-technology-inc-provile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * De La Salle Health Sciences Institute [http://www.dlshsi.edu.ph/] * De La Salle Lipa [http://www.dlsl.edu.ph/] * De La Salle University Dasmarinas [http://www.dlsud.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717213109/http://www.dlsud.edu.ph/ |date=2018-07-17 }} * Deaf Evangelistic Alliance Foundation [http://www.mccidonline.net/deafinc/lagunaschool.htm] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/http://www.mccidonline.net/deafinc/lagunaschool.htm |date=2021-09-04 }} * D’Illumina College [https://ched.gov.ph/dillumina-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080927/https://ched.gov.ph/dillumina-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Divine Word Seminary [http://divinewordseminary.blogspot.com/] * DMMC Institute of Health Sciences [http://dmmcihs.edu.ph/7/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181106101258/http://dmmcihs.edu.ph/7/ |date=2018-11-06 }} * Dominican College Sta. Rosa [https://ched.gov.ph/dominican-college-sta-rosa-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080733/https://ched.gov.ph/dominican-college-sta-rosa-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Don Bosco College Canlubang [http://donboscocanlubang.edu.ph/]{{Dead link|date=Nobiyembre 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Dr. Francisco L. Calingasan Memorial Colleges Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/dr-francisco-l-calingasan-memorial-colleges-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080906/https://ched.gov.ph/dr-francisco-l-calingasan-memorial-colleges-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * East Systems College [https://ched.gov.ph/east-systems-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080834/https://ched.gov.ph/east-systems-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Eastern Quezon College [http://eqcgumaca.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003145452/http://eqcgumaca.edu.ph/ |date=2018-10-03 }} * Eastern Tayabas College [https://ched.gov.ph/eastern-tayabas-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081310/https://ched.gov.ph/eastern-tayabas-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Ebenezer International Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/ebenezer-international-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080832/https://ched.gov.ph/ebenezer-international-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Elijah International World Mission Institute [http://eiwmi.edu.ph/]{{Dead link|date=Oktubre 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Emilio Aguinaldo College (Yaman ng Lahi Foundation) [http://www.eac.edu.ph/about-eac/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923185145/https://eac.edu.ph/about-eac/ |date=2021-09-23 }} * Evangelical Theological College of the Philippines Luzon [https://ched.gov.ph/evangelical-theological-college-philippines-luzon-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081005/https://ched.gov.ph/evangelical-theological-college-philippines-luzon-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Far East Asia Pacific Institute of Tourism Science [https://ched.gov.ph/far-east-asia-pacific-institute-tourism-science-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080624/https://ched.gov.ph/far-east-asia-pacific-institute-tourism-science-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Far Eastern College Silang [http://www.feucavite.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510120240/http://www.feucavite.edu.ph/ |date=2015-05-10 }} * Far Eastern Polytechnic College [https://ched.gov.ph/far-eastern-polytechnic-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081015/https://ched.gov.ph/far-eastern-polytechnic-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * FEU Roosevelt [https://feuroosevelt.edu.ph/] * First Asia Institute of Technology and Humanities [http://www.firstasia.edu.ph/] * Golden Gate Colleges [https://goldengatecolleges.wordpress.com/] * Granby College of Science & Technology [http://www.granby.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027230343/http://www.granby.edu.ph/ |date=2019-10-27 }} * Guardian Bona Fide for Hope Foundation [http://www.gbhfischool.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191001110217/http://www.gbhfischool.com/ |date=2019-10-01 }} * Guinayangan College Fdtn. [https://ched.gov.ph/guinayangan-college-fdtn-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080749/https://ched.gov.ph/guinayangan-college-fdtn-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Harris Memorial College [http://www.harris.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080334/http://www.harris.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Holy Child Jesus College [https://ched.gov.ph/holy-child-jesus-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080816/https://ched.gov.ph/holy-child-jesus-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * ICCT Colleges [http://icct.edu.ph/] * ICCT Colleges Fdtn. Binangonan [http://icct.edu.ph/] * ICCT Colleges Fdtn. Taytay [http://icct.edu.ph/] * ICCT Colleges Fdtn. Antipolo [http://icct.edu.ph/] * ICCT Colleges Fdtn. San Mateo [http://icct.edu.ph/] * ICT-ED Institute of Science and Technology [https://www.ictedu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/https://www.ictedu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * IETI College of Science and Technology [http://www.ieti.edu.ph/] * IKON College Calamba [https://ched.gov.ph/ikon-college-calamba-private/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080440/https://ched.gov.ph/ikon-college-calamba-private/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Immaculate Conception College Balayan [http://iccbalayan.edu.ph/] * Immanuel Theological Seminary [http://www.immanuelseminary.com/] * Imus Institute of Science and Technology Inc [http://iist.edu.ph/home/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180321115126/http://iist.edu.ph/home/ |date=2018-03-21 }} * Informatics International College Rizal [https://ched.gov.ph/informatics-international-college-rizal-2/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080824/https://ched.gov.ph/informatics-international-college-rizal-2/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Inter-Global College Foundation [http://igcfi.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204081855/http://igcfi.edu.ph/ |date=2018-02-04 }} * International Christian College of Manila [https://ched.gov.ph/international-christian-college-manila-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080726/https://ched.gov.ph/international-christian-college-manila-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * International Peace Leadership College [https://ched.gov.ph/international-peace-leadership-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080609/https://ched.gov.ph/international-peace-leadership-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * ISHRM School System Bacoor [http://www.ishrm.edu.ph/] * ISHRM School System Dasmarinas [http://www.ishrm.edu.ph/] * Jesus Reigns Christian College [https://ched.gov.ph/jesus-reigns-christian-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080707/https://ched.gov.ph/jesus-reigns-christian-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Kurios Christian College Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/kurios-christian-college-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080754/https://ched.gov.ph/kurios-christian-college-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * La Consolacion College Tanauan [http://www.lcctanauan.edu.ph/main.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528213612/http://www.lcctanauan.edu.ph/main.php |date=2018-05-28 }} * La Consolacion College Binan [http://www.lcctanauan.edu.ph/main.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528213612/http://www.lcctanauan.edu.ph/main.php |date=2018-05-28 }} * La Salle College Antipolo [https://www.lsca.edu.ph/] * Laguna College [http://www.lcba.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904092931/https://www.lcba.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Laguna College of Business and Arts [http://lcba.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125222052/https://lcba.edu.ph/ |date=2025-01-25 }} * Laguna Maritime, Arts & Business College [http://lmabc.weebly.com/] * Laguna Northwestern College [https://ched.gov.ph/laguna-northwestern-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080746/https://ched.gov.ph/laguna-northwestern-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Laguna Northwestern College SLRMC [https://ched.gov.ph/laguna-northwestern-college-slrmc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081158/https://ched.gov.ph/laguna-northwestern-college-slrmc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Laguna Science and Technology College [https://ched.gov.ph/laguna-science-technology-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080515/https://ched.gov.ph/laguna-science-technology-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Laguna State Polytechnic University Los Banos College of Fisheries [http://lspusc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329174528/http://lspusc.edu.ph/ |date=2018-03-29 }} * Laguna State Polytechnic University Siniloan [http://lspusc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180329174528/http://lspusc.edu.ph/ |date=2018-03-29 }} * Laguna State Polytechnic University Laguna College of Arts and Trades Sta. Cruz [http://lspu.edu.ph/] * Laguna State Polytechnic University San Pablo City [http://lspu.edu.ph/] * Lemery Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/lemery-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080601/https://ched.gov.ph/lemery-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Leon Guinto Memorial College [https://web.ched.gov.ph/leon-guinto-memorial-college-profile/]{{Dead link|date=Oktubre 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Lipa City Colleges [http://www.lipacitycolleges.edu.ph/newsite/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227102832/http://www.lipacitycolleges.edu.ph/newsite/ |date=2021-02-27 }} * LNC Corinthian Center [https://ched.gov.ph/lnc-corinthian-center-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080841/https://ched.gov.ph/lnc-corinthian-center-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Lyceum of the Philippines St. Cabrini College of Allied Medicine [http://lpulaguna.edu.ph/academics/college-of-allied-medicine-cam/] * Lyceum of the Philippines University Batangas [http://lpubatangas.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520001652/https://lpubatangas.edu.ph/ |date=2022-05-20 }} * Lyceum of the Philippines Cavite [https://ched.gov.ph/lyceum-philippines-cavite-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080822/https://ched.gov.ph/lyceum-philippines-cavite-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Lyceum of the Philippines Laguna [http://lpulaguna.edu.ph/] * Mabini College of Batangas [http://www.mabinicolleges.edu.ph/] * Malayan Colleges of Laguna [https://mcl.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904083232/https://www.mcl.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Manuel S. Enverga Institute Foundation San Antonio [http://mseuf.edu.ph/] * Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Candelaria [http://mseuf.edu.ph/] * Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Catanauan [http://mseuf.edu.ph/] * Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation Lucena [http://mseuf.edu.ph/] * Marasigan Institute of Science and Technology [http://www.mist.edu.ph/] * Marcelino Fule Memorial College [https://ched.gov.ph/marcelino-fule-memorial-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080754/https://ched.gov.ph/marcelino-fule-memorial-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mary Help of Christian College, Salesian Sisters [https://ched.gov.ph/mary-help-christian-college-salesian-sisters-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080701/https://ched.gov.ph/mary-help-christian-college-salesian-sisters-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Maryhill College [https://ched.gov.ph/maryhill-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080806/https://ched.gov.ph/maryhill-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mater Redemptoris Collegium [https://ched.gov.ph/mater-redemptoris-collegium-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080737/https://ched.gov.ph/mater-redemptoris-collegium-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * MFI Polytechnic Institute, Inc [http://maicollege.net/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/http://maicollege.net/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mind and Integrity College [http://maicollege.net/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/http://maicollege.net/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Montessori Professional College Imus [https://ched.gov.ph/montessori-professional-college-imus-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080635/https://ched.gov.ph/montessori-professional-college-imus-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mt. St. Aloysius Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/mt-st-aloysius-seminary-2/]{{Dead link|date=Oktubre 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * National College of Business and Arts Taytay [https://ched.gov.ph/national-college-business-arts-taytay-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080837/https://ched.gov.ph/national-college-business-arts-taytay-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * National College of Science and Technology [http://ncst.edu.ph/] * Nazareth Institute Of Alfonso</span> [https://ched.gov.ph/nazareth-institute-alfonso-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081026/https://ched.gov.ph/nazareth-institute-alfonso-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * New Era University Lipa Campus [http://www.neu.edu.ph/main/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080335/http://www.neu.edu.ph/main/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * New Sanai School and Colleges [http://www.ntma.edu.ph/] * Northern Quezon College [https://ched.gov.ph/northern-quezon-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081155/https://ched.gov.ph/northern-quezon-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * NTC Education Batangas [https://ched.gov.ph/ntc-education-batangas-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080740/https://ched.gov.ph/ntc-education-batangas-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * NYK-TDG Maritime Academy [http://www.ntma.edu.ph/] * Oblates of Saint Joseph College of Philosophy [http://osjphil.org/fhosjcs.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904083231/http://osjphil.org/fhosjcs.php |date=2021-09-04 }} * Olivarez College-Tagaytay [http://www.olivarezcollegetagaytay.edu.ph/home/]{{Dead link|date=Pebrero 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Our Lady of Assumption College of Laguna Inc. – San Pedro [https://ched.gov.ph/lady-assumption-college-laguna-inc-san-pedro-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080743/https://ched.gov.ph/lady-assumption-college-laguna-inc-san-pedro-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Our Lady of Assumption College Batangas [https://ched.gov.ph/lady-assumption-college-batangas-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080437/https://ched.gov.ph/lady-assumption-college-batangas-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Our Lady of Assumption College Cabuyao [https://ched.gov.ph/lady-assumption-college-cabuyao-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081015/https://ched.gov.ph/lady-assumption-college-cabuyao-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Our Lady of Fatima University Antipolo [http://www.fatima.edu.ph/] * Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/lady-holy-rosary-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080649/https://ched.gov.ph/lady-holy-rosary-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Oxfordian Colleges [http://oxfordiancollege.byethost18.com/?i=1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/http://oxfordiancollege.byethost18.com/?i=1 |date=2021-09-04 }} * Paete Science & Business College [https://ched.gov.ph/paete-science-business-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081326/https://ched.gov.ph/paete-science-business-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Paul College of Leadership [https://ched.gov.ph/paul-college-leadership-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080617/https://ched.gov.ph/paul-college-leadership-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Philippine Best Training System College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-best-training-system-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081002/https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-best-training-system-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Philippine International College [https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-international-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081208/https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-international-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Philippine Missionary Institute [https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-missionary-institute-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080710/https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-missionary-institute-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Philippine National Police Academy [https://www.pnpa.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627224040/https://pnpa.edu.ph/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Philippine Normal University Lopez [https://www.pnu.edu.ph/pnu-south-luzon/] * Philippine State College of Aeronautics Fernando Air Base [https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-state-college-aeronautics-fernando-air-base-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080938/https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-state-college-aeronautics-fernando-air-base-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Philippine Women’s University CDCEC Sta. Cruz [https://www.pwu.edu.ph/cdcec.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/https://www.pwu.edu.ph/cdcec.html |date=2021-09-04 }} * Philippine Women’s University Career Development and Continuing Education Center Calamba City [https://www.pwu.edu.ph/cdcec.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/https://www.pwu.edu.ph/cdcec.html |date=2021-09-04 }} * PIMSAT College – Bacoor [https://ched.gov.ph/pimsat-college-bacoor-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081206/https://ched.gov.ph/pimsat-college-bacoor-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * PNTC Colleges [http://www.pntc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080325/http://www.pntc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Polytechnic University of the Philippines Lopez [https://www.pup.edu.ph/lopez/] * Polytechnic University of the Philippines Mulanay [https://www.pup.edu.ph/mulanay/] * Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sto. Tomas [https://www.pup.edu.ph/stotomas/] * Polytechnic University of the Philippines Unisan [https://www.pup.edu.ph/unisan/] * Power School of Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/power-school-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081025/https://ched.gov.ph/power-school-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Professional Montessori College [https://ched.gov.ph/professional-montessori-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080842/https://ched.gov.ph/professional-montessori-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * PTS College and Advanced Studies [https://www.ptscollege.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190917031748/http://www.ptscollege.edu.ph/ |date=2019-09-17 }} * Quezon Center for Research and Studies [https://ched.gov.ph/quezon-center-research-studies-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080655/https://ched.gov.ph/quezon-center-research-studies-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Quezonian Educational College [https://ched.gov.ph/quezonian-educational-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080858/https://ched.gov.ph/quezonian-educational-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Rizal College of Laguna [https://ched.gov.ph/rizal-college-laguna-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080638/https://ched.gov.ph/rizal-college-laguna-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Rizal College of Taal [http://www.rctaal.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028051609/http://www.rctaal.edu.ph/ |date=2021-10-28 }} * Rogationist College [http://www.rog.edu.ph/] * Sacred Heart College [http://www.shc.edu.ph/] * St. Anne College Lucena, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/st-anne-college-lucena-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080744/https://ched.gov.ph/st-anne-college-lucena-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Bridget College [http://sbcbatangas.edu.ph/] * Saint Francis Institute of Computer Studies [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-francis-institute-computer-studies-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080653/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-francis-institute-computer-studies-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Francis of Assisi College Cavite [http://www.stfrancis.edu.ph/] * St. John Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/st-john-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080501/https://ched.gov.ph/st-john-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Louis Anne Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-louis-anne-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080749/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-louis-anne-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Michael’s College of Laguna [http://www.smcl.edu.ph/] * Saint Peter’s College Seminary [http://spcs.edu.ph/about.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110173813/http://spcs.edu.ph/about.php |date=2016-11-10 }} * Saints John and Paul Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/saints-john-paul-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080512/https://ched.gov.ph/saints-john-paul-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * San Antonio De Padua College [http://sapc.edu.ph/] * San Ildefonso College [https://ched.gov.ph/san-ildefonso-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080432/https://ched.gov.ph/san-ildefonso-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * San Pablo Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/san-pablo-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080743/https://ched.gov.ph/san-pablo-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * San Pedro College of Business Administration [http://www.spcba.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904083235/https://www.spcba.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * San Sebastian College Recoletos Canlubang [https://ched.gov.ph/san-sebastian-college-recoletos-canlubang-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080706/https://ched.gov.ph/san-sebastian-college-recoletos-canlubang-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * San Sebastian Colleg Recoletos de Cavite [http://www.sscr.edu/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080705033910/http://www.sscr.edu/ |date=2008-07-05 }} * Siena College of Taytay [http://www.sct.edu.ph/] * Skill Power Institute [http://www.spi.edu.ph/] * South Forbes City College [http://www.sfcitycollege.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/http://www.sfcitycollege.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southdale International School of Science, Arts and Techology [https://ched.gov.ph/southdale-international-school-science-arts-techology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081002/https://ched.gov.ph/southdale-international-school-science-arts-techology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Luzon State University [http://slsu.edu.ph/main/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904140745/https://slsu.edu.ph/main/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Luzon State University Judge Guillermo Eleazar Polytechnic College -Tagkawayan [http://slsu.edu.ph/main/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904140745/https://slsu.edu.ph/main/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Luzon State University Tiaong [http://slsu.edu.ph/main/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904140745/https://slsu.edu.ph/main/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Luzon State University Alabat [http://slsu.edu.ph/main/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904140745/https://slsu.edu.ph/main/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Luzon State University Infanta [http://slsu.edu.ph/main/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904140745/https://slsu.edu.ph/main/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Luzon State University- Lucena [http://slsu.edu.ph/main/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904140745/https://slsu.edu.ph/main/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Luzon State University Polilio [http://slsu.edu.ph/main/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904140745/https://slsu.edu.ph/main/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Luzon State University Sampaloc [http://slsu.edu.ph/main/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904140745/https://slsu.edu.ph/main/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Philippines Institute of Science and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/southern-philippines-institute-science-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080604/https://ched.gov.ph/southern-philippines-institute-science-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Augustine School of Nursing Lucena [http://www.sasn.edu.ph/] * St. Augustine School of Nursing Lipa [http://www.sasn.edu.ph/] * St. Constantine Institute of Science and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/st-constantine-institute-science-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080813/https://ched.gov.ph/st-constantine-institute-science-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Dominic College of Asia [http://sfstheo.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190916124117/http://sfstheo.edu.ph/ |date=2019-09-16 }} * St. Francis de Sales Theological Seminary [http://sfstheo.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190916124117/http://sfstheo.edu.ph/ |date=2019-09-16 }} * St. Joseph College Rosario, Batangas [https://ched.gov.ph/st-joseph-college-rosario-batangas-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080935/https://ched.gov.ph/st-joseph-college-rosario-batangas-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Joseph College Cavite City [http://www.sjccavite.org/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190126004240/http://www.sjccavite.org/ |date=2019-01-26 }} * St. Joseph’s College of Rodriguez [http://www.sjcqc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080512/https://sjcqc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Jude College [http://www.stjude.edu.ph/homepage/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180214130210/http://www.stjude.edu.ph/homepage/ |date=2018-02-14 }} * St. Mary Magdalene College of Laguna [https://ched.gov.ph/st-mary-magdalene-college-laguna-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080909/https://ched.gov.ph/st-mary-magdalene-college-laguna-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Matthew College [http://stmatthewcollege.ph/wp/] * Sta. Teresa College [https://ched.gov.ph/sta-teresa-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080624/https://ched.gov.ph/sta-teresa-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * STI College Bacoor [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI College Balayan [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI College Batangas [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI College Calamba [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI College Dasmarinas [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI College Lucena [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI College Ortigas Cainta [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI College San Pablo [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI College Sta. Cruz [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI College Sta. Rosa [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI College Tanauan [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI College Lipa [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI College Rosario [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI College Tagaytay [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI College Tanay [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI eCollege Southwoods [https://www.sti.edu/] * Sumulong College of Arts and Sciences [https://ched.gov.ph/sumulong-college-arts-sciences-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080757/https://ched.gov.ph/sumulong-college-arts-sciences-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Tanauan City College [https://ched.gov.ph/tanauan-city-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081007/https://ched.gov.ph/tanauan-city-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Tanauan Institute [http://www.tanauaninstitute.edu.ph/] * Tayabas Western Academy [https://ched.gov.ph/tayabas-western-academy-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080819/https://ched.gov.ph/tayabas-western-academy-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Technological University of the Philippines Cavite [http://www.tup.edu.ph/cavite/home] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621152045/http://www.tup.edu.ph/cavite/home |date=2018-06-21 }} * Teodoro M. Luansing College of Rosario [https://ched.gov.ph/teodoro-m-luansing-college-rosario-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080849/https://ched.gov.ph/teodoro-m-luansing-college-rosario-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * The Bearer Of Light & Wisdom Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/bearer-light-wisdom-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081040/https://ched.gov.ph/bearer-light-wisdom-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Tomas Claudio Colleges [http://tcc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217091633/http://tcc.edu.ph/ |date=2020-02-17 }} * Trace College [http://trimexcolleges.edu.ph/] * Trimex College [http://trimexcolleges.edu.ph/] * Unciano Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/unciano-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080853/https://ched.gov.ph/unciano-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Unida Christian College [https://ched.gov.ph/unida-christian-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080901/https://ched.gov.ph/unida-christian-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Union College of Laguna [https://ched.gov.ph/union-college-laguna-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080749/https://ched.gov.ph/union-college-laguna-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of Batangas [http://www.ub.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071018041942/http://www.ub.edu.ph/ |date=2007-10-18 }} * University of Batangas Lipa [http://www.ub.edu.ph/UBLC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080347/http://www.ub.edu.ph/UBLC |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of Perpetual Help Dr. Jose G. Tamayo Medical University [https://uphdjgtmedicaluniversity.edu.ph/] * University of Perpetual Help Rizal Molino Campus [http://perpetualdalta.edu.ph/molino-campus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123184513/http://perpetualdalta.edu.ph/molino-campus |date=2018-01-23 }} * University of Perpetual Help System Dalta Calamba [http://perpetualdalta.edu.ph/academics/calamba]{{Dead link|date=Hulyo 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * University of Perpetual Help System GMA Campus [http://gma.uphsl.edu.ph/] * University of Perpetual Help System Laguna [http://www.urs.edu.ph] * University of Rizal System-Angono [http://www.urs.edu.ph] * University of Rizal System Antipolo [http://www.urs.edu.ph] * University of Rizal System Binangonan [http://www.urs.edu.ph] * University of Rizal System Cainta [http://www.urs.edu.ph] * University of Rizal System Cardona [http://www.urs.edu.ph] * University of Rizal System Morong [http://www.urs.edu.ph] * University of Rizal System Pililia [http://www.urs.edu.ph] * University of Rizal System Rodriguez [http://www.urs.edu.ph] * University of Rizal System Tanay [http://www.urs.edu.ph] * University of Rizal System Taytay [http://www.urs.edu.ph] * University of the Philippines Los Banos [https://uplb.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211041257/https://uplb.edu.ph/ |date=2022-12-11 }} * Western Colleges [http://www.wci.edu.ph/contact/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127070146/http://www.wci.edu.ph/contact/ |date=2019-11-27 }} * Westmead International School [http://www.westmead-is.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904093514/https://www.westmead-is.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * West Point College – Magallanes [http://cavitewestpointcollege2000.blogspot.com/] * World Citi Colleges [http://www.worldciti.edu.ph/] * Young Ji College [http://www.upou.edu.ph/] * University of the Philippines Open University [http://www.upou.edu.ph/] == Rehiyon IV-B == * Abada College [https://ched.gov.ph/abada-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080641/https://ched.gov.ph/abada-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * ACLC College of Calapan [http://www.aclc.edu.ph/p/aclc-campuses-mimaropa.html] * Ark of the Covenant Montessori Chamber of Learning College [https://ched.gov.ph/ark-of-the-covenant-montessori-chamber-of-learning-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081005/https://ched.gov.ph/ark-of-the-covenant-montessori-chamber-of-learning-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Clarendon College [https://ched.gov.ph/clarendon-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081037/https://ched.gov.ph/clarendon-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * CLCC Institute of Computer Arts & Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/clcc-institute-of-computer-arts-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080805/https://ched.gov.ph/clcc-institute-of-computer-arts-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio De San Sebastian [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-san-sebastian-sablayan-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080738/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-san-sebastian-sablayan-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Divine Word College of Calapan [https://ched.gov.ph/divine-word-college-calapan-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080632/https://ched.gov.ph/divine-word-college-calapan-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Divine Word College of San Jose [http://www.dwcsj.edu.ph/] * Eastern Mindoro College [https://ched.gov.ph/eastern-mindoro-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081135/https://ched.gov.ph/eastern-mindoro-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Erhard Science and Technological Institute – Oriental Mindoro, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/erhard-science-and-technological-institute-oriental-mindoro-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080442/https://ched.gov.ph/erhard-science-and-technological-institute-oriental-mindoro-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Educational Systems Technological Institute [https://ched.gov.ph/educational-systems-technological-institute-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080858/https://ched.gov.ph/educational-systems-technological-institute-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * EMA EMITS College Philippines [https://ched.gov.ph/ema-emits-college-philippines-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080448/https://ched.gov.ph/ema-emits-college-philippines-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Erhard Systems Technological Institute [https://ched.gov.ph/erhard-systems-technological-institute-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080831/https://ched.gov.ph/erhard-systems-technological-institute-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Fullbright College [https://ched.gov.ph/fullbright-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080822/https://ched.gov.ph/fullbright-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Grace Mission College [https://ched.gov.ph/grace-mission-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080736/https://ched.gov.ph/grace-mission-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Holy Trinity University [https://ched.gov.ph/holy-trinity-university-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080620/https://ched.gov.ph/holy-trinity-university-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Innovative College of Science and Technology [http://home.icst.edu.ph/] * Institute of Business Science & Medical Arts [https://ibsmainc.weebly.com/] * John Paul College [https://ched.gov.ph/john-paul-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080647/https://ched.gov.ph/john-paul-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Luna Goco Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/luna-goco-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080954/https://ched.gov.ph/luna-goco-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Malindig Institute Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/malindig-institute-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080818/https://ched.gov.ph/malindig-institute-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Marinduque Midwest College [https://ched.gov.ph/marinduque-midwest-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081007/https://ched.gov.ph/marinduque-midwest-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Marinduque State College – Gasan [https://www.mscmarinduque.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716053548/https://www.mscmarinduque.edu.ph/ |date=2021-07-16 }} * Marinduque State College – Main Campus [https://www.mscmarinduque.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716053548/https://www.mscmarinduque.edu.ph/ |date=2021-07-16 }} * Marinduque State College – Sta. Cruz [https://www.mscmarinduque.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716053548/https://www.mscmarinduque.edu.ph/ |date=2021-07-16 }} * Marinduque State College – Torrijos [https://www.mscmarinduque.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716053548/https://www.mscmarinduque.edu.ph/ |date=2021-07-16 }} * Mina De Oro Institute of Science and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/mina-de-oro-institute-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081336/https://ched.gov.ph/mina-de-oro-institute-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mindoro State College of Agriculture & Technology – Bongabong [https://www.minscat.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730031647/https://www.minscat.edu.ph/ |date=2021-07-30 }} * Mindoro State College of Agriculture & Technology – Calapan [https://www.minscat.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730031647/https://www.minscat.edu.ph/ |date=2021-07-30 }} * Mindoro State College of Agriculture & Technology – Main [https://www.minscat.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730031647/https://www.minscat.edu.ph/ |date=2021-07-30 }} * Occidental Mindoro State College – Labangan [http://www.omsc.edu.ph/] * Occidental Mindoro State College – Main [http://www.omsc.edu.ph/] * Occidental Mindoro State College – Mamburao [http://www.omsc.edu.ph/] * Occidental Mindoro State College – Murtha [http://www.omsc.edu.ph/] * Occidental Mindoro State College – Sablayan [http://www.omsc.edu.ph/] * Palawan Polytechnic College [https://ched.gov.ph/palawan-polytechnic-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080830/https://ched.gov.ph/palawan-polytechnic-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Palawan State University – Araceli [http://www.psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918012026/http://psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses |date=2021-09-18 }} * Palawan State University – Balabac [http://www.psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918012026/http://psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses |date=2021-09-18 }} * Palawan State University – Bataraza [http://www.psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918012026/http://psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses |date=2021-09-18 }} * Palawan State University – Brooke’s Point [http://www.psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918012026/http://psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses |date=2021-09-18 }} * Palawan State University – Coron [http://www.psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918012026/http://psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses |date=2021-09-18 }} * Palawan State University – Cuyo [http://www.psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918012026/http://psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses |date=2021-09-18 }} * Palawan State University – Dumaran [http://www.psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918012026/http://psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses |date=2021-09-18 }} * Palawan State University – El Nido [http://www.psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918012026/http://psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses |date=2021-09-18 }} * Palawan State University – Linapacan [http://www.psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918012026/http://psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses |date=2021-09-18 }} * Palawan State University – Main [http://www.psu.palawan.edu.ph/]{{Dead link|date=Mayo 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Palawan State University – Narra [http://www.psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918012026/http://psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses |date=2021-09-18 }} * Palawan State University – Quezon [http://www.psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918012026/http://psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses |date=2021-09-18 }} * Palawan State University – Rizal [http://www.psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918012026/http://psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses |date=2021-09-18 }} * Palawan State University – Roxas [http://www.psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918012026/http://psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses |date=2021-09-18 }} * Palawan State University – San Rafael, Puerto Princesa [http://www.psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918012026/http://psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses |date=2021-09-18 }} * Palawan State University – San Vicente [http://www.psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918012026/http://psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses |date=2021-09-18 }} * Palawan State University – Sofronio Española [http://www.psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918012026/http://psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses |date=2021-09-18 }} * Palawan State University – Taytay [http://www.psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918012026/http://psu.palawan.edu.ph/index.php/about-psu/campuses |date=2021-09-18 }} * Palawan Technological College [https://ched.gov.ph/palawan-technological-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080814/https://ched.gov.ph/palawan-technological-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Paradigm College of Science & Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/paradigm-college-science-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081203/https://ched.gov.ph/paradigm-college-science-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Philippine Central Islands College [https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-central-islands-college-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080930/https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-central-islands-college-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Pinamalayan Maritime Foundation Technological College [https://pmftci.edufrog.online/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627224317/https://pmftci.edufrog.online/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Polytechnic University of the Philippines-Bansud Campus [https://www.pup.edu.ph/] * Polytechnic University of the Philippines-Sablayan Campus [https://www.pup.edu.ph/] * Prince of Peace College [https://ched.gov.ph/prince-peace-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080424/https://ched.gov.ph/prince-peace-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Romblon State University – Cajidiocan [http://rsu.edu.ph/campuses/]{{Dead link|date=Marso 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Romblon State University – Calatrava [http://rsu.edu.ph/campuses/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904093507/https://rsu.edu.ph/campuses/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Romblon State University – Main [http://rsu.edu.ph/] * Romblon State University – Romblon [http://rsu.edu.ph/campuses/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904093507/https://rsu.edu.ph/campuses/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Romblon State University – San Agustin [http://rsu.edu.ph/campuses/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904093507/https://rsu.edu.ph/campuses/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Romblon State University – San Andres [http://rsu.edu.ph/campuses/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904093507/https://rsu.edu.ph/campuses/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Romblon State University – San Fernando [http://rsu.edu.ph/] * Romblon State University – San Jose [http://rsu.edu.ph/campuses/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904093507/https://rsu.edu.ph/campuses/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Romblon State University – Sawang [http://rsu.edu.ph/campuses/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904093507/https://rsu.edu.ph/campuses/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Romblon State University – Sta. Fe [http://rsu.edu.ph/campuses/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904093507/https://rsu.edu.ph/campuses/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Romblon State University – Sta. Maria [http://rsu.edu.ph/campuses/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904093507/https://rsu.edu.ph/campuses/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Augustine Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-augustine-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081307/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-augustine-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * San Francisco Javier College [https://ched.gov.ph/san-francisco-javier-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080949/https://ched.gov.ph/san-francisco-javier-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * San Lorenzo Ruiz Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/san-lorenzo-ruiz-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080914/https://ched.gov.ph/san-lorenzo-ruiz-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Santa Cruz Institute [https://ched.gov.ph/santa-cruz-institute-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080747/https://ched.gov.ph/santa-cruz-institute-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Seminario De San Jose [https://ched.gov.ph/seminario-de-san-jose-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080725/https://ched.gov.ph/seminario-de-san-jose-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southwestern College of Maritime, Business and Technology [https://scmbt.edu.ph/] * Southwestern Institute of Business and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/southwestern-institute-business-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081052/https://ched.gov.ph/southwestern-institute-business-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Anthony College [http://sacci-online.com/]{{Dead link|date=Marso 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * St. Mary’s College of Marinduque [https://ched.gov.ph/st-marys-college-marinduque-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080730/https://ched.gov.ph/st-marys-college-marinduque-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * STI College – Puerto Princesa [http://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=56] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218072608/http://sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=56 |date=2017-12-18 }} * Western Philippines University – Busuanga [http://www.wpu.edu.ph/main/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=112] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080327/http://www.wpu.edu.ph/main/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=112 |date=2021-09-04 }} * Western Philippines University – Culion [http://www.wpu.edu.ph/main/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=112] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080327/http://www.wpu.edu.ph/main/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=112 |date=2021-09-04 }} * Western Philippines University – El Nido [http://www.wpu.edu.ph/main/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=112] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080327/http://www.wpu.edu.ph/main/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=112 |date=2021-09-04 }} * Western Philippines University – Main [http://www.wpu.edu.ph/main/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080325/http://www.wpu.edu.ph/main/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Western Philippines University – Puerto Princesa [http://www.wpu.edu.ph/main/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=112] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080327/http://www.wpu.edu.ph/main/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=112 |date=2021-09-04 }} * Western Philippines University – Quezon [http://www.wpu.edu.ph/main/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=112] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080327/http://www.wpu.edu.ph/main/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=112 |date=2021-09-04 }} * Western Philippines University – Rio Tuba [http://www.wpu.edu.ph/main/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=112] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080327/http://www.wpu.edu.ph/main/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=69&Itemid=112 |date=2021-09-04 }} == Rehiyon V == * ACLC College of Daet [http://www.aclc.edu.ph/] * ACLC College of Iriga City, Inc. [http://www.aclc.edu.ph/] * ACLC College of Sorsogon, Inc. [http://www.aclc.edu.ph/] * Aemilianum College [http://aemilianum.edu.ph/aci/index.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730105835/http://aemilianum.edu.ph/aci/index.php |date=2021-07-30 }} * Aeronautical Academy of the Philippines [https://ched.gov.ph/aeronautical-academy-philippines-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730112012/https://ched.gov.ph/aeronautical-academy-philippines-profile/ |date=2021-07-30 }} * Ago Medical and Educational Center [http://amecbccm.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225611/http://amecbccm.edu.ph/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Alfelor Sr. Memorial College [https://ched.gov.ph/alfelor-sr-memorial-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904131901/https://ched.gov.ph/alfelor-sr-memorial-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * AMA Computer College – Legazpi City [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * AMA Computer College – Naga [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * Amando Cope College [https://ched.gov.ph/amando-cope-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904090740/https://ched.gov.ph/amando-cope-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Annunciation College of Bacon Sorsogon Unit, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/annunciation-college-bacon-sorsogon-unit-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730113634/https://ched.gov.ph/annunciation-college-bacon-sorsogon-unit-inc-profile/ |date=2021-07-30 }} * Ateneo De Naga University [https://www.adnu.edu.ph/] * Belen B. Francisco Foundation-Albay [https://ched.gov.ph/belen-b-francisco-foundation-daraga-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730112856/https://ched.gov.ph/belen-b-francisco-foundation-daraga-profile/ |date=2021-07-30 }} * Belen B. Francisco Foundation-Sorsogon [https://ched.gov.ph/belen-b-francisco-foundation-sorsogon-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080957/https://ched.gov.ph/belen-b-francisco-foundation-sorsogon-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Bicol Christian College of Medicine [http://amecbccm.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225611/http://amecbccm.edu.ph/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Bicol College [http://bicolcollege.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080352/http://bicolcollege.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Bicol Merchant Marine College [https://ched.gov.ph/bicol-merchant-marine-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080821/https://ched.gov.ph/bicol-merchant-marine-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Bicol State College of Applied Sciences and Technology [https://www.biscast.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919174637/https://www.biscast.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-19 }} * Bicol Training and Technological College [https://ched.gov.ph/bicol-training-and-technological-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080837/https://ched.gov.ph/bicol-training-and-technological-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Bicol University – College of Agriculture and Forestry [http://bicol-u.edu.ph/bu/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627224322/http://bicol-u.edu.ph/bu/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Bicol University – Daraga Campus [http://bicol-u.edu.ph/bu/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627224322/http://bicol-u.edu.ph/bu/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Bicol University – Gubat Campus [http://bicol-u.edu.ph/bu/gubat+campus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080401/https://bicol-u.edu.ph/bu/gubat+campus |date=2021-09-04 }} * Bicol University – Main [http://bicol-u.edu.ph/bu/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627224322/http://bicol-u.edu.ph/bu/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Bicol University – Polangui Campus [http://bicol-u.edu.ph/bu/polangui+campus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904093146/https://bicol-u.edu.ph/bu/polangui+campus |date=2021-09-04 }} * Bicol University – Tabaco Campus [http://bicol-u.edu.ph/bu/tabaco+campus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904094716/https://bicol-u.edu.ph/bu/tabaco+campus |date=2021-09-04 }} * Brentwood College of Asia International School [https://ched.gov.ph/brentwood-college-asia-international-school-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080735/https://ched.gov.ph/brentwood-college-asia-international-school-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * BST Grace College [https://ched.gov.ph/bst-grace-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080914/https://ched.gov.ph/bst-grace-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Camarines Norte College [https://ched.gov.ph/camarines-norte-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080445/https://ched.gov.ph/camarines-norte-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Camarines Norte College of Arts and Business [https://ched.gov.ph/camarines-norte-college-arts-business-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080626/https://ched.gov.ph/camarines-norte-college-arts-business-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Camarines Norte School of Laws, Arts and Sciences [https://ched.gov.ph/camarines-norte-school-laws-arts-sciences-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080825/https://ched.gov.ph/camarines-norte-school-laws-arts-sciences-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Camarines Norte State College-Abaño Campus [http://cnsc.edu.ph/] * Camarines Norte State College-Entienza Campus [http://cnsc.edu.ph/] * Camarines Norte State College-Labo Campus [http://cnsc.edu.ph/] * Camarines Norte State College-Main [http://cnsc.edu.ph/] * Camarines Norte State College-Mercedes Campus [http://cnsc.edu.ph/] * Camarines Norte State College-Panganiban Campus [http://cnsc.edu.ph/] * Camarines Sur Polytechnic College-Main [https://cspc.edu.ph/] * Capalonga College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/capalonga-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904135023/https://ched.gov.ph/capalonga-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Cataingan Polytechnic Institute * Catanduanes Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/catanduanes-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080959/https://ched.gov.ph/catanduanes-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Catanduanes Institute of Technology Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/catanduanes-institute-technology-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080720/https://ched.gov.ph/catanduanes-institute-technology-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Catanduanes State University – Main [http://www.catanduanesstateu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080353/http://www.catanduanesstateu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Catanduanes State University – Panganiban [http://www.catanduanesstateu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080353/http://www.catanduanesstateu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Ceguera Technological College [https://ched.gov.ph/ceguera-technological-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080426/https://ched.gov.ph/ceguera-technological-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Central Bicol State University of Agriculture – Calabanga [http://www.cbsua.edu.ph/] * Central Bicol State University of Agriculture – Main [http://www.cbsua.edu.ph/] * Central Bicol State University of Agriculture – Pasacao [http://www.cbsua.edu.ph/] * Central Bicol State University of Agriculture – Sipocot [http://www.cbsua.edu.ph/] * Christian Polytechnic Institute of Catanduanes [https://ched.gov.ph/christian-polytechnic-institute-catanduanes-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080657/https://ched.gov.ph/christian-polytechnic-institute-catanduanes-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio de Sta. Monica of Polangui, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-sta-monica-polangui-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080952/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-sta-monica-polangui-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Computer Arts and Technological College [https://ched.gov.ph/computer-arts-technological-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080701/https://ched.gov.ph/computer-arts-technological-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Computer Arts and Technological College-Ligao City * Computer Arts and Technological College-Polangui Campus * Computer Communication Development Institute-Legazpi City * Computer Communication Development Institute-Naga * Computer Communication Development Institute-Sorsogon * Computer Systems Institute * Daniel B. Peña Memorial College Foundation [https://dbpmcf.edu.ph/HOME.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225622/https://dbpmcf.edu.ph/HOME.html |date=2021-06-27 }} * De Vera Institute of Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/de-vera-institute-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080833/https://ched.gov.ph/de-vera-institute-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Divine Word College of Legazpi [https://www.dwc-legazpi.edu/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928194938/https://www.dwc-legazpi.edu/ |date=2021-09-28 }} * Dr. Carlos S. Lanting College-Dr. Ruby Lanting Casaul Educational Foundation, Inc. * Dr. Emilio B. Espinosa, Sr. Memorial State College of Agriculture and Technology [http://www.debesmscat.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/http://www.debesmscat.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Estenias Science Foundation School [https://ched.gov.ph/estenias-science-foundation-school-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081002/https://ched.gov.ph/estenias-science-foundation-school-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Fatima School of Science and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/fatima-school-science-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081152/https://ched.gov.ph/fatima-school-science-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Felix O. Alfelor Sr. Foundation College * Forbes Colleges [http://forbes.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080353/http://forbes.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Holy Rosary Major Seminary * Holy Rosary Minor Seminary * Holy Trinity College of Camarines Sur * Holy Trinity College Seminary * Immaculate Conception College-Albay [https://ched.gov.ph/immaculate-conception-college-albay-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081053/https://ched.gov.ph/immaculate-conception-college-albay-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Infotech Development Systems Colleges, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/infotech-development-systems-colleges-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080835/https://ched.gov.ph/infotech-development-systems-colleges-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * La Consolacion College-Daet [https://ched.gov.ph/la-consolacion-college-daet-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080818/https://ched.gov.ph/la-consolacion-college-daet-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * La Consolacion College-Iriga City [http://lcc-i.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/http://lcc-i.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Liceo De Masbate [https://ched.gov.ph/liceo-de-masbate-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080940/https://ched.gov.ph/liceo-de-masbate-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Liceo de San Jacinto Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/liceo-de-san-jacinto-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081144/https://ched.gov.ph/liceo-de-san-jacinto-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Lower Isarog Foundation Exponent [https://ched.gov.ph/lower-isarog-foundation-exponent-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080919/https://ched.gov.ph/lower-isarog-foundation-exponent-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Luis H. Dilanco Sr. Foundation College [https://ched.gov.ph/luis-h-dilanco-sr-foundation-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080746/https://ched.gov.ph/luis-h-dilanco-sr-foundation-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mabini Colleges [http://www.mabinicolleges.edu.ph/] * Mariners’ Polytechnic Colleges-Naga City [http://marinersnaga.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080353/http://marinersnaga.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mariners&#8217; Polytechnic Colleges Foundation of Canaman, Inc. [http://marinerscanaman.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/http://marinerscanaman.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mariners&#8217; Polytechnic Colleges Foundation of Legazpi City, Inc. [http://marinerslegazpi.edu.ph/] * Masbate Central Technical Institute [https://ched.gov.ph/masbate-central-technical-institute-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080845/https://ched.gov.ph/masbate-central-technical-institute-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Masbate Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/masbate-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080949/https://ched.gov.ph/masbate-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Masbate Polytechnic and Development College [https://ched.gov.ph/masbate-polytechnic-and-development-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080846/https://ched.gov.ph/masbate-polytechnic-and-development-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mater Salutis College Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/mater-salutis-college-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081056/https://ched.gov.ph/mater-salutis-college-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mountview College [https://ched.gov.ph/mountview-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080811/https://ched.gov.ph/mountview-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Naga College Foundation [https://www.ncf.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711175419/https://www.ncf.edu.ph/ |date=2021-07-11 }} * Naga View Adventist College [https://nvac.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819174053/https://nvac.edu.ph/ |date=2021-08-19 }} * Osmeña Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/osmena-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080558/https://ched.gov.ph/osmena-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Our Lady of Lourdes College Foundation [https://ollcfd.org/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627224153/https://ollcfd.org/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Our Lady of Peñafrancia Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/our-lady-of-penafrancia-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081020/https://ched.gov.ph/our-lady-of-penafrancia-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Our Lady of Salvation College [https://ched.gov.ph/lady-salvation-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080903/https://ched.gov.ph/lady-salvation-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Our Lady of the Most Holy Trinity College Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/our-lady-of-the-most-holy-trinity-college-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081304/https://ched.gov.ph/our-lady-of-the-most-holy-trinity-college-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Partido College [https://ched.gov.ph/partido-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080717/https://ched.gov.ph/partido-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Partido State University-Main [http://www.parsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322022538/http://www.parsu.edu.ph/ |date=2016-03-22 }} * Partido State University-Caramoan Campus [https://www.parsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924005624/https://www.parsu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-24 }} * Partido State University-Lagonoy Campus [https://www.parsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924005624/https://www.parsu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-24 }} * Partido State University-Sagñay Campus [http://www.parsu.edu.ph/index.php/sagnay-campus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803000343/https://www.parsu.edu.ph/index.php/sagnay-campus |date=2021-08-03 }} * Partido State University-Salogon Campus [http://parsu.edu.ph/index.php/salogon-campus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080538/https://www.parsu.edu.ph/index.php/salogon-campus |date=2021-09-04 }} * Partido State University – San Jose [http://www.parsu.edu.ph/index.php/san-jose-campus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081501/https://www.parsu.edu.ph/index.php/san-jose-campus |date=2021-09-04 }} * Partido State University-Tinambac Campus [http://www.parsu.edu.ph/index.php/tinambac-campus] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803004119/https://www.parsu.edu.ph/index.php/tinambac-campus |date=2021-08-03 }} * Perpetual Help Paramedical School [https://ched.gov.ph/perpetual-help-paramedical-school-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080709/https://ched.gov.ph/perpetual-help-paramedical-school-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Philippine Computer Foundation College – Naga City [https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-computer-foundation-college-naga-city-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080800/https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-computer-foundation-college-naga-city-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Philippine Computer Foundation College – Pili [https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-computer-foundation-college-pili-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080704/https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-computer-foundation-college-pili-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Pili Capital College [https://ched.gov.ph/pili-capital-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080612/https://ched.gov.ph/pili-capital-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * PLT College of Guinobatan [https://pltcollegeguinobatan.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/https://pltcollegeguinobatan.com/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Polytechnic Institute of Tabaco [https://ched.gov.ph/polytechnic-institute-tabaco-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081028/https://ched.gov.ph/polytechnic-institute-tabaco-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Polytechnic University of the Philippines – Ragay Campus [https://www.pup.edu.ph/ragay/] * R.G. de Castro Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/r-g-de-castro-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081031/https://ched.gov.ph/r-g-de-castro-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Regina Mondi College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/regina-mondi-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081028/https://ched.gov.ph/regina-mondi-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Republic Colleges of Guinobatan, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/republic-colleges-guinobatan-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080810/https://ched.gov.ph/republic-colleges-guinobatan-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Louise De Marillac College of Sorsogon [https://ched.gov.ph/st-louise-de-marillac-college-of-sorsogon-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081147/https://ched.gov.ph/st-louise-de-marillac-college-of-sorsogon-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Shepherdville College [https://ched.gov.ph/shepherdville-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080453/https://ched.gov.ph/shepherdville-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Siena College Tigaon, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/siena-college-tigaon-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080928/https://ched.gov.ph/siena-college-tigaon-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Solis Institute of Technology [https://sit-bulan.wixsite.com/sit-bulan/welcome] * Sorsogon College of Criminology [https://ched.gov.ph/sorsogon-college-criminology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081018/https://ched.gov.ph/sorsogon-college-criminology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Sorsogon State College – Bulan Campus [https://sorsogonstatecollege.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225239/https://sorsogonstatecollege.edu.ph/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Sorsogon State College – Castilla Campus [https://sorsogonstatecollege.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225239/https://sorsogonstatecollege.edu.ph/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Sorsogon State College – Magallanes Campus [https://sorsogonstatecollege.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225239/https://sorsogonstatecollege.edu.ph/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Sorsogon State College-Main [https://sorsogonstatecollege.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225239/https://sorsogonstatecollege.edu.ph/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Southern Bicol Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/southern-bicol-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080714/https://ched.gov.ph/southern-bicol-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Luzon Institute [https://ched.gov.ph/southern-luzon-institute-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080635/https://ched.gov.ph/southern-luzon-institute-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Luzon Technological College Foundation-Legazpi [https://ched.gov.ph/southern-luzon-technological-college-foundation-legazpi-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080434/https://ched.gov.ph/southern-luzon-technological-college-foundation-legazpi-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Luzon Technological College Foundation Pilar, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/southern-luzon-technological-college-foundation-pilar-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081315/https://ched.gov.ph/southern-luzon-technological-college-foundation-pilar-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Luzon Technological College Foundation-Pioduran [https://ched.gov.ph/southern-luzon-technological-college-foundation-pioduran-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080732/https://ched.gov.ph/southern-luzon-technological-college-foundation-pioduran-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Masbate Roosevelt College [https://ched.gov.ph/southern-masbate-roosevelt-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080606/https://ched.gov.ph/southern-masbate-roosevelt-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Speed Computer College [https://ched.gov.ph/speed-computer-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080855/https://ched.gov.ph/speed-computer-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * SPJ International Technology Institute [https://ched.gov.ph/spj-international-technology-institute-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080751/https://ched.gov.ph/spj-international-technology-institute-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Francis Carraciolo Culinary Academy [https://ched.gov.ph/st-francis-carraciolo-culinary-academy-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081323/https://ched.gov.ph/st-francis-carraciolo-culinary-academy-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Peter Baptist College Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/st-peter-baptist-college-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080943/https://ched.gov.ph/st-peter-baptist-college-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Sta. Elena (Camarines Norte) College [https://ched.gov.ph/sta-elena-camarines-norte-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080843/https://ched.gov.ph/sta-elena-camarines-norte-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Sta. Elena Institute of Science and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/sta-elena-institute-of-science-and-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080933/https://ched.gov.ph/sta-elena-institute-of-science-and-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * STI College-Legazpi [http://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=46#.WhZhhkqWbIU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218072532/http://sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=46#.WhZhhkqWbIU |date=2017-12-18 }} * STI College – Naga [http://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=55#.WhZh00qWbIU] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218072602/http://sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=55#.WhZh00qWbIU |date=2017-12-18 }} * Tabaco College [https://ched.gov.ph/tabaco-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080641/https://ched.gov.ph/tabaco-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Tanchuling College [http://www.tanchuling.edu.ph/] * The Lewis College [https://thelewiscollege.edu.ph/] * Universidad de Sta. Isabel [http://www.usi.edu.ph/] * University of Northeastern Philippines [http://inet.unep.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225826/http://inet.unep.edu.ph/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * University of Nueva Caceres [http://www.unc.edu.ph/] * University of Saint Anthony [https://usant.edu.ph/] * University of Santo Tomas-Legazpi [https://www.ust-legazpi.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080327/https://www.ust-legazpi.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Veritas College of Irosin [https://ched.gov.ph/veritas-college-irosin-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080713/https://ched.gov.ph/veritas-college-irosin-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * West Coast College [https://ched.gov.ph/west-coast-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080629/https://ched.gov.ph/west-coast-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Worldtech Resources Foundation-Iriga City [https://wricolleges.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080327/https://wricolleges.com/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Worldtech Resources Foundation-Naga City [https://wricolleges.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080327/https://wricolleges.com/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Zamora Memorial College [https://ched.gov.ph/zamora-memorial-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081038/https://ched.gov.ph/zamora-memorial-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }}</p> == Rehiyon VI == * ABE International College of Business and Economics, Iloilo City [http://www.abe.edu.ph/iloilo/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225110/http://abe.edu.ph/iloilo/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * ACLC College of Iloilo [http://www.aclc.edu.ph/p/aclc-college-iloilo.html] * ACSI College of Iloilo, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/acsi-college-iloilo-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080901/https://ched.gov.ph/acsi-college-iloilo-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Advance Central College [http://advancecentralcollege.edu.ph/]{{Dead link|date=Hunyo 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Aklan Catholic College [http://acc.edu.ph/accnew/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190226195202/http://acc.edu.ph/accnew/ |date=2019-02-26 }} * Aklan Polytechnic College [https://ched.gov.ph/aklan-polytechnic-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080621/https://ched.gov.ph/aklan-polytechnic-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Aklan State University, Ibajay Campus [http://ibajay.asu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704131112/http://ibajay.asu.edu.ph/ |date=2020-07-04 }} * Aklan State University, Kalibo Campus [http://kalibo.asu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703093643/http://kalibo.asu.edu.ph/ |date=2020-07-03 }} * Aklan State University, Main Campus [http://www.asu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728142357/https://asu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-07-28 }} * Aklan State University, Makato Campus [http://www.asu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210728142357/https://asu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-07-28 }} * Aklan State University, New Washington Campus [http://newwashington.asu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704131117/http://newwashington.asu.edu.ph/ |date=2020-07-04 }} * AMA Computer College – Iloilo [http://amacollege.amaes.edu.ph/p/ama-campuses-western-visayas.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/http://amacollege.amaes.edu.ph/p/ama-campuses-western-visayas.html |date=2021-09-04 }} * Cabalum Western College [http://cwciloilo.yolasite.com/] * Capiz State University, Burias Campus [http://www1.capsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080353/http://www1.capsu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Capiz State University, Dayao Campus [http://www1.capsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080353/http://www1.capsu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Capiz State University, Dumarao Campus [http://www1.capsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080353/http://www1.capsu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Capiz State University, Main Campus [http://www1.capsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080353/http://www1.capsu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Capiz State University, Mambusao Campus [http://www1.capsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080353/http://www1.capsu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Capiz State University, Pilar Campus [http://www1.capsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080353/http://www1.capsu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Capiz State University, Pontevedra Campus [http://www1.capsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080353/http://www1.capsu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Capiz State University, Sapian Campus [http://www1.capsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080353/http://www1.capsu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Capiz State University, Sigma Campus [http://www1.capsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080353/http://www1.capsu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Capiz State University, Tapaz Campus [http://www1.capsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080353/http://www1.capsu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Central Philippine University [http://www.cpu.edu.ph/cpucmsv2/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212011012/http://www.cpu.edu.ph/cpucmsv2/ |date=2021-02-12 }} * Colegio de San Jose [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-san-jose-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081007/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-san-jose-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio del Sagrado Corazon de Jesus [http://cscj.edu.ph/] * Colegio dela Purisima Concepcion [http://edge.purisima.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904091705/http://edge.purisima.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * College of St. John-Roxas [http://www.collegeofstjohnroxas.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080325/http://www.collegeofstjohnroxas.com/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Dominican College of Iloilo [https://ched.gov.ph/dominican-college-iloilo-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080721/https://ched.gov.ph/dominican-college-iloilo-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Filamer Christian University [http://www.filamer.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126194837/http://filamer.edu.ph/ |date=2021-01-26 }} * Garcia College of Technology [https://gcteduph.wordpress.com/] * GSEF College [https://ched.gov.ph/gsef-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080935/https://ched.gov.ph/gsef-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Guimaras State College, Baterna Campus [https://ched.gov.ph/guimaras-state-college-baterna-campus-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080716/https://ched.gov.ph/guimaras-state-college-baterna-campus-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Guimaras State College, Main Campus [http://www1.gsc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080554/https://www.gsc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Guimaras State College, Mosqueda Campus [http://www1.gsc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080554/https://www.gsc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * HERCOR College [http://www.hercorcollege.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130831011050/http://www.hercorcollege.edu.ph/ |date=2013-08-31 }} * Hua Siong College of Iloilo [https://ched.gov.ph/hua-siong-college-iloilo-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081023/https://ched.gov.ph/hua-siong-college-iloilo-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Iloilo Doctor’s College [http://idc.edu.ph/] * Iloilo Doctor’s College of Medicine, Inc. [http://idc.edu.ph/academics/programs/college-of-medicine/] * Iloilo Science And Technology University – Barotac Nuevo Campus [http://wvcstbnc.edu.ph/]{{Dead link|date=Oktubre 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Iloilo Science And Technology University – Dumangas Campus [http://www.isatu.edu.ph/] * Iloilo Science And Technology University – Leon Campus [http://www.isatu.edu.ph/] * Iloilo Science And Technology University – Main Campus [http://www.isatu.edu.ph/] * Iloilo Science And Technology University – Miagao Campus [http://www.sipc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904104735/https://www.sipc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Iloilo State College of Fisheries, Barotac Nuevo Campus [https://ched.gov.ph/iloilo-state-college-fisheries-barotac-nuevo-campus-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080757/https://ched.gov.ph/iloilo-state-college-fisheries-barotac-nuevo-campus-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Iloilo State College of Fisheries, Dingle Campus [https://ched.gov.ph/iloilo-state-college-fisheries-dingle-campus-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081012/https://ched.gov.ph/iloilo-state-college-fisheries-dingle-campus-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Iloilo State College of Fisheries, Dumangas Campus [https://ched.gov.ph/iloilo-state-college-fisheries-dumangas-campus-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080945/https://ched.gov.ph/iloilo-state-college-fisheries-dumangas-campus-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Iloilo State College of Fisheries, Main Campus [https://ched.gov.ph/iloilo-state-college-fisheries-main-campus-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080811/https://ched.gov.ph/iloilo-state-college-fisheries-main-campus-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Iloilo State College of Fisheries, San Enrique Campus [https://ched.gov.ph/iloilo-state-college-fisheries-san-enrique-campus-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080816/https://ched.gov.ph/iloilo-state-college-fisheries-san-enrique-campus-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Integrated Midwives Association of the Philippines Foundation School of Midwifery, Inc. [http://imapinc.org/public/imapinc/index.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080325/http://imapinc.org/public/imapinc/index.php |date=2021-09-04 }} * Interface Computer College [http://home.interfacecollege.org/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126020311/http://home.interfacecollege.org/ |date=2021-01-26 }} * John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University-Arevalo, Inc. [http://www.jblfmu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802025025/https://www.jblfmu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-08-02 }} * John B. Lacson Foundation Maritime University-Molo, Inc. [http://www.jblfmu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210802025025/https://www.jblfmu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-08-02 }} * New Lucena Polytechnic College [https://ched.gov.ph/new-lucena-polytechnic-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080847/https://ched.gov.ph/new-lucena-polytechnic-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College, Ajuy Campus [http://nipsc.edu.ph/index.php/external/nipsc-ajuy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302231646/https://www.nipsc.edu.ph/index.php/external/nipsc-ajuy |date=2021-03-02 }} * Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College, Barotac Viejo Campus [http://nipsc.edu.ph/index.php/external/nipsc-barotac-viejo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302225735/https://www.nipsc.edu.ph/index.php/external/nipsc-barotac-viejo |date=2021-03-02 }} * Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College, Batad Campus [https://ched.gov.ph/northern-iloilo-polytechnic-state-college-batad-campus-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081328/https://ched.gov.ph/northern-iloilo-polytechnic-state-college-batad-campus-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College, Concepcion Campus [http://nipsc.edu.ph/index.php/external/nipsc-concepcion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302230429/https://www.nipsc.edu.ph/index.php/external/nipsc-concepcion |date=2021-03-02 }} * Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College, Lemery Campus [http://nipsc.edu.ph/index.php/external/nipsc-lemery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302223819/https://www.nipsc.edu.ph/index.php/external/nipsc-lemery |date=2021-03-02 }} * Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College, Main Campus [http://nipsc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730031647/https://www.nipsc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-07-30 }} * Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College, Sara Campus [http://nipsc.edu.ph/index.php/external/nipsc-sara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302234841/https://www.nipsc.edu.ph/index.php/external/nipsc-sara |date=2021-03-02 }} * Northwestern Visayan Colleges [http://www.nvc.edu.ph/] * Panay Technological College [https://ched.gov.ph/panay-technological-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080912/https://ched.gov.ph/panay-technological-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Pandan Bay Institute, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/pandan-bay-institute-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081023/https://ched.gov.ph/pandan-bay-institute-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Philippine College of Business and Accountancy [http://www.pcba.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080352/http://www.pcba.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Gabriel College [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-gabriel-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080704/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-gabriel-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Sancta Maria et Regina Seminarium [https://ched.gov.ph/sancta-maria-et-regina-seminarium-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080848/https://ched.gov.ph/sancta-maria-et-regina-seminarium-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Santa Isabel College of Iloilo City [https://ched.gov.ph/santa-isabel-college-iloilo-city-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080507/https://ched.gov.ph/santa-isabel-college-iloilo-city-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Anne College of Iloilo [https://ched.gov.ph/st-anne-college-iloilo-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080751/https://ched.gov.ph/st-anne-college-iloilo-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Anthony’s College of Antique [http://sac.edu.ph/] * St. Anthony’s College of Roxas City [http://www.sachri.edu.ph/] * St. Paul University Iloilo [http://spuiloilo.edu.ph/] * St. Therese-MTC College-La Fiesta [http://sttheresemtcc.com/LaFiesta/index.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080352/http://sttheresemtcc.com/LaFiesta/index.html |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Therese-MTC College-Magdalo [http://sttheresemtcc.com/Magdalo/index.html]{{Dead link|date=Abril 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * St. Therese-MTC College-Tigbauan [http://sttheresemtcc.com/Tigbauan/index.html]{{Dead link|date=Abril 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * St. Vincenct Ferrer Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/st-vincenct-ferrer-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081010/https://ched.gov.ph/st-vincenct-ferrer-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St.Vincent College of Business and Accountancy [https://ched.gov.ph/st-vincent-college-business-accountancy-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081057/https://ched.gov.ph/st-vincent-college-business-accountancy-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Vincent College of Science and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/st-vincent-college-science-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080917/https://ched.gov.ph/st-vincent-college-science-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * STI College – Kalibo [https://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=69] * STI College – Iloilo [https://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=68] * Sto. Niño Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/sto-nio-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080757/https://ched.gov.ph/sto-nio-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of Antique, Hamtic Campus [https://antiquespride.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904094129/https://antiquespride.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of Antique, Main Campus [https://antiquespride.edu.ph/]{{Dead link|date=Marso 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * University of Antique, Tibiao Campus [https://antiquespride.edu.ph/]{{Dead link|date=Marso 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * University of Iloilo [http://ui.phinma.edu.ph/] * University of San Agustin [http://www.usa.edu.ph/] * University of the Philippines – Visayas [https://www.upv.edu.ph/] * West Visayas State University, Calinog Campus [http://wvsu.edu.ph/] * West Visayas State University, Janiuay Campus [http://janiuay.wvsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081835/https://janiuay.wvsu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * West Visayas State University, Lambunao Campus [https://wvsu.edu.ph/external-campus/lambunao-campus/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081829/https://wvsu.edu.ph/external-campus/lambunao-campus/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * West Visayas State University, Main Campus [https://wvsu.edu.ph/] * West Visayas State University, Pototan Campus [https://ched.gov.ph/west-visayas-state-university-pototan-campus-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080429/https://ched.gov.ph/west-visayas-state-university-pototan-campus-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Western Institute of Technology [http://wit.vic.edu.au/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080325/http://wit.vic.edu.au/ |date=2021-09-04 }} == Rehiyon VII == * ACLC College – Tagbilaran [http://www.aclc.edu.ph/] * ACLC College of Mandaue [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * AMA Computer College – Cebu [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * AMA Computer College-Dumaguete [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * Asian College of Science and Technology-Dumaguete [https://ched.gov.ph/asian-college-science-technology-dumaguete-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080712/https://ched.gov.ph/asian-college-science-technology-dumaguete-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Asian College of Technology International Education Foundation [https://www.act.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210822073732/https://www.act.edu.ph/ |date=2021-08-22 }} * Bantayan Southern Institute [https://ched.gov.ph/bantayan-southern-institute-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080917/https://ched.gov.ph/bantayan-southern-institute-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Baptist Theological College [http://btccgst.org/] * Batuan Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/batuan-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081149/https://ched.gov.ph/batuan-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Benedicto College [http://benedictocollege.edu.ph/] * Benthel Asia School of Technology Inc. [http://benthelasia.edu.ph/] * BIT International College – Carmen [https://ched.gov.ph/bit-international-college-carmen-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080615/https://ched.gov.ph/bit-international-college-carmen-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * BIT International College – Tagbilaran [https://ched.gov.ph/bit-international-college-tagbilaran-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080643/https://ched.gov.ph/bit-international-college-tagbilaran-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * BIT International College- Siquijor [https://ched.gov.ph/bit-international-college-siquijor-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080656/https://ched.gov.ph/bit-international-college-siquijor-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * BIT International College- Talibon [https://ched.gov.ph/bit-international-college-talibon-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080912/https://ched.gov.ph/bit-international-college-talibon-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * BIT International College-Jagna [https://ched.gov.ph/bit-international-college-jagna-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080759/https://ched.gov.ph/bit-international-college-jagna-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Blessed Trinity College [https://ched.gov.ph/blessed-trinity-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080722/https://ched.gov.ph/blessed-trinity-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Bohol International Learning College [https://ched.gov.ph/bohol-international-learning-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080943/https://ched.gov.ph/bohol-international-learning-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Bohol Island State University – Balilihan [http://balilihan.bisu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002074411/http://balilihan.bisu.edu.ph/ |date=2019-10-02 }} * Bohol Island State University – Bilar [http://bilar.bisu.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904083230/http://bilar.bisu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Bohol Island State University – Calape [http://calape.bisu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190602170252/http://calape.bisu.edu.ph/ |date=2019-06-02 }} * Bohol Island State University – Candijay [http://www.bisu.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927045042/http://www.bisu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-27 }} * Bohol Island State University – Clarin [http://www.bisuclarin.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225900/https://www.bisuclarin.edu.ph/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Bohol Island State University – Tagbilaran [http://www.bisu.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927045042/http://www.bisu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-27 }} * Bohol Northern Star College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/bohol-northern-star-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080627/https://ched.gov.ph/bohol-northern-star-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Bohol Northwestern Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/bohol-northwestern-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080652/https://ched.gov.ph/bohol-northwestern-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Bohol Wisdom School [https://ched.gov.ph/bohol-wisdom-school-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080946/https://ched.gov.ph/bohol-wisdom-school-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Carmelite College of Siquijor [https://ched.gov.ph/carmelite-college-siquijor-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080754/https://ched.gov.ph/carmelite-college-siquijor-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * CBD College [https://ched.gov.ph/cbd-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080638/https://ched.gov.ph/cbd-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Cebu Aeronautical Technical School [http://www.cats.edu.ph/] * Cebu Doctors’ University [http://www.cebudoctorsuniversity.edu/] * Cebu Doctors’ University College of Medicine [http://www.cebudoctorsuniversity.edu/2013/colleges/medicine/admission.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111080659/http://cebudoctorsuniversity.edu/2013/colleges/medicine/admission.html/ |date=2019-11-11 }} * Cebu Eastern College [https://ched.gov.ph/cebu-eastern-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081016/https://ched.gov.ph/cebu-eastern-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Cebu Institute of Medicine [http://cim.edu.ph/] * Cebu Institute of Technology – University [http://www.cit.edu/v6/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311114428/https://www.cit.edu/v6/ |date=2020-03-11 }} * Cebu Mary Immaculate College [https://ched.gov.ph/cebu-mary-immaculate-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080951/https://ched.gov.ph/cebu-mary-immaculate-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Cebu Normal University [http://www.cnu.edu.ph/] * Cebu Roosevelt Memorial College [https://ched.gov.ph/cebu-roosevelt-memorial-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080824/https://ched.gov.ph/cebu-roosevelt-memorial-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Cebu Sacred Heart College [https://ched.gov.ph/cebu-sacred-heart-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080628/https://ched.gov.ph/cebu-sacred-heart-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Cebu School of Midwifery [https://ched.gov.ph/cebu-school-midwifery-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080724/https://ched.gov.ph/cebu-school-midwifery-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Cebu Technological University – Argao [http://www.argao.ctu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210100331/http://www.argao.ctu.edu.ph/ |date=2019-02-10 }} * Cebu Technological University – Carmen [http://www.carmen.ctu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521205455/http://www.carmen.ctu.edu.ph/ |date=2018-05-21 }} * Cebu Technological University – Danao [http://www.ctu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814140359/http://ctu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-08-14 }} * Cebu Technological University – Main [http://www.ctu.edu.ph/tag/ctu-moalboal/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726015331/https://www.ctu.edu.ph/tag/ctu-moalboal/ |date=2021-07-26 }} * Cebu Technological University – Moalboal [http://www.ctu.edu.ph/tag/ctu-moalboal/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210726015331/https://www.ctu.edu.ph/tag/ctu-moalboal/ |date=2021-07-26 }} * Cebu Technological University – San Francisco [http://www.sanfran.ctu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617180118/http://www.sanfran.ctu.edu.ph/ |date=2018-06-17 }} * Cebu Technological University – Tuburan [http://www.tuburan.ctu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180417055908/http://www.tuburan.ctu.edu.ph/ |date=2018-04-17 }} * Central Philippine Bible College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/central-philippine-bible-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080450/https://ched.gov.ph/central-philippine-bible-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Centre for International Education Global Colleges [https://cts.powersites.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409222550/https://cts.powersites.ph/ |date=2018-04-09 }} * Colegio de San Antonio de Padua [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-san-antonio-de-padua-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080808/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-san-antonio-de-padua-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio de Santa Catalina de Alejandria [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-santa-catalina-de-alejandria-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080808/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-santa-catalina-de-alejandria-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * College of Technological Sciences – Cebu [https://cts.powersites.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409222550/https://cts.powersites.ph/ |date=2018-04-09 }} * Collegium Societatis Angeli Pacis [https://ched.gov.ph/collegium-societatis-angeli-pacis-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080809/https://ched.gov.ph/collegium-societatis-angeli-pacis-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Concord Technical Institute [https://ched.gov.ph/concord-technical-institute-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081017/https://ched.gov.ph/concord-technical-institute-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Consolatrix College of Toledo City [https://ched.gov.ph/consolatrix-college-toledo-city-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080828/https://ched.gov.ph/consolatrix-college-toledo-city-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Cristal e-College Panglao [http://www.cec.edu.ph/] * Cristal e-College Tagbilaran [http://www.cec.edu.ph/] * De La Salle Andres Soriano Memorial College [https://ched.gov.ph/de-la-salle-andres-soriano-memorial-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081033/https://ched.gov.ph/de-la-salle-andres-soriano-memorial-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Diaz College [https://ched.gov.ph/diaz-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080816/https://ched.gov.ph/diaz-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Don Bosco Technology Center [https://dbtc-cebu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081455/https://dbtc-cebu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Evangelical Theological College of the Philippines [https://ched.gov.ph/evangelical-theological-college-philippines-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080827/https://ched.gov.ph/evangelical-theological-college-philippines-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Felipe R. Verallo Memorial Foundation-Bogo [https://ched.gov.ph/felipe-r-verallo-memorial-foundation-bogo-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080954/https://ched.gov.ph/felipe-r-verallo-memorial-foundation-bogo-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Foundation University [https://foundationu.com/] * Golden Success College [https://ched.gov.ph/golden-success-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080941/https://ched.gov.ph/golden-success-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Holy Name University [http://www.htcgsc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080538/https://www.htcgsc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Holy Trinity College [http://www.htcgsc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080538/https://www.htcgsc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Immaculate Heart of Mary Seminary [http://ihms-bohol.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821040621/http://ihms-bohol.com/ |date=2021-08-21 }} * Immanuel Bible College [https://ched.gov.ph/immanuel-bible-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080803/https://ched.gov.ph/immanuel-bible-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Indiana School of Aeronautics [http://iau.com.ph/college/] * Informatics College Cebu [http://www.informatics.edu.ph/] * La Consolacion College – Bais [https://ched.gov.ph/la-consolacion-college-bais-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080852/https://ched.gov.ph/la-consolacion-college-bais-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * La Consolascion College – Lilo-an [https://ched.gov.ph/la-consolacion-college-lilo-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080954/https://ched.gov.ph/la-consolacion-college-lilo-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Larmen de Guia Memorial College [https://ched.gov.ph/larmen-de-guia-memorial-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080623/https://ched.gov.ph/larmen-de-guia-memorial-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Lyceum of Cebu [http://lyceum.cebucficoop.com.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418144430/http://lyceum.cebucficoop.com.ph/ |date=2019-04-18 }} * Mary Our Help Technical Institute for Women [http://mdc.ph/] * Mary’s Children Formation College [https://ched.gov.ph/marys-children-formation-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081141/https://ched.gov.ph/marys-children-formation-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mater Dei College [http://mdc.ph/] * Maxino College [https://ched.gov.ph/maxino-college-dumaguete-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081320/https://ched.gov.ph/maxino-college-dumaguete-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Metro Dumaguete College [https://ched.gov.ph/metro-dumaguete-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080741/https://ched.gov.ph/metro-dumaguete-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Microsystems International Institute of Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/microsystems-international-institute-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080925/https://ched.gov.ph/microsystems-international-institute-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mount Moriah College [https://ched.gov.ph/mount-moriah-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080919/https://ched.gov.ph/mount-moriah-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Negros College [https://ched.gov.ph/negros-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081031/https://ched.gov.ph/negros-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Negros Maritime Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/negros-maritime-college-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080421/https://ched.gov.ph/negros-maritime-college-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Negros Oriental State University- Bais I [http://www.norsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050826074632/http://www.norsu.edu.ph/ |date=2005-08-26 }} * Negros Oriental State University -Bais II [http://www.norsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050826074632/http://www.norsu.edu.ph/ |date=2005-08-26 }} * Negros Oriental State University-Bayawan [http://www.norsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050826074632/http://www.norsu.edu.ph/ |date=2005-08-26 }} * Negros Oriental State University-Guihulngan [http://www.norsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050826074632/http://www.norsu.edu.ph/ |date=2005-08-26 }} * Negros Oriental State University-Mabinay [http://www.norsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050826074632/http://www.norsu.edu.ph/ |date=2005-08-26 }} * Negros Oriental State University-Main [http://www.norsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050826074632/http://www.norsu.edu.ph/ |date=2005-08-26 }} * Negros Oriental State University-Siaton [http://www.norsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050826074632/http://www.norsu.edu.ph/ |date=2005-08-26 }} * Northeastern Cebu Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/northeastern-cebu-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080644/https://ched.gov.ph/northeastern-cebu-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northern Cebu Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/northern-cebu-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080729/https://ched.gov.ph/northern-cebu-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Philippine State College of Aeronautics – Mactan Air Base [https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-state-college-aeronautics-mactan-air-base-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080806/https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-state-college-aeronautics-mactan-air-base-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * PMI Colleges-Bohol [https://ched.gov.ph/pmi-colleges-bohol-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080719/https://ched.gov.ph/pmi-colleges-bohol-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Presbyterian Theological College [http://www.rog.edu.ph/] * Professional Academy of the Philippines [https://ched.gov.ph/professional-academy-philippines-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080959/https://ched.gov.ph/professional-academy-philippines-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Quezon Memorial Institute of Siquijor [https://ched.gov.ph/quezon-memorial-institute-siquijor-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080922/https://ched.gov.ph/quezon-memorial-institute-siquijor-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Rizwoods College – N. Bacalso [https://ched.gov.ph/rizwoods-college-n-bacalso-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080922/https://ched.gov.ph/rizwoods-college-n-bacalso-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Rogationist Seminary College [http://www.rog.edu.ph/] * Rosemont Hills Montesorri College [http://www.scc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122202622/http://www.scc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-01-22 }} * Royal Christian College [https://ched.gov.ph/royal-christian-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080925/https://ched.gov.ph/royal-christian-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Catherine&#8217;s College [http://www.scc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122202622/http://www.scc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-01-22 }} * Saint Francis College- Guihulngan [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-francis-college-guihulngan-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080803/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-francis-college-guihulngan-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Joseph College of Canlaon [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-joseph-college-canlaon-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081312/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-joseph-college-canlaon-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Louis College-Cebu [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-louis-college-cebu-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080556/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-louis-college-cebu-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Salazar Colleges of Science and Institute of Technology – Madridejos [http://www.scsit.edu.ph/scsit/madridejos] * Salazar Colleges of Science and Institute of Technology, N. Bacalso Ave., Cebu City [http://www.scsit.edu.ph/scsit/madridejos] * Salazar Colleges of Science and Institute of Technology, Talisay City, Cebu [http://www.scsit.edu.ph/scsit/madridejos] * San Carlos Seminary College [http://scs.edu.ph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416221313/http://www.scs.edu.ph/ |date=2013-04-16 }} * Silliman University [http://su.edu.ph/] * Siquijor State College [http://www.siquijorstate.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311130155/http://www.siquijorstate.edu.ph/ |date=2020-03-11 }} * Southwestern University [http://swumhamcollegeofmedicine.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919000626/http://swumhamcollegeofmedicine.com/ |date=2018-09-19 }} * Southwestern University-Matias H.Aznar Memorial College of Medicine, Inc. [http://swumhamcollegeofmedicine.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919000626/http://swumhamcollegeofmedicine.com/ |date=2018-09-19 }} * St. Cecilia’s College-Cebu [https://ched.gov.ph/st-cecilias-college-cebu-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081136/https://ched.gov.ph/st-cecilias-college-cebu-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Joseph Seminary College [https://ched.gov.ph/st-joseph-seminary-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081010/https://ched.gov.ph/st-joseph-seminary-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Paul College Foundation Inc. – Mandaue [http://www.spcfi.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904093051/https://www.spcfi.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Paul College Foundation Inc.- Bulacao [http://www.spcfi.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904093051/https://www.spcfi.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Paul University Dumaguete [http://www.stcqc.edu.ph/home/] * St. Theresa’s College [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI College – Bohol (formerly STI College Tagbilaran) [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI College – Cebu [https://www.sti.edu/] * Sto. Tomas College [https://ched.gov.ph/sto-tomas-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080658/https://ched.gov.ph/sto-tomas-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Tabor Hills College [https://ched.gov.ph/tabor-hills-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080951/https://ched.gov.ph/tabor-hills-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Trade-Tech International Science Institute [https://ched.gov.ph/trade-tech-international-science-institute-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080956/https://ched.gov.ph/trade-tech-international-science-institute-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of Bohol [http://universityofbohol.edu.ph/] * University of Cebu [http://uc.edu.ph/] * University of Cebu – Banilad Campus [http://banilad.uc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904094120/https://banilad.uc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of Cebu – Lapu-lapu and Mandaue [http://uc.edu.ph/] * University of San Carlos [http://www.usc.edu.ph/] * University of San Jose-Recoletos [https://ched.gov.ph/university-san-jose-recoletos-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081036/https://ched.gov.ph/university-san-jose-recoletos-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of the Philippines – College of Cebu [http://upcebu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904024418/https://www.upcebu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of the Southern Philippines Foundation [http://uspf.edu.ph/] * University of the Visayas [http://uv.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080332/https://uv.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of the Visayas – Dalaguete [http://uv.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080332/https://uv.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of the Visayas – Danao City [http://uv.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080332/https://uv.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of the Visayas – Gullas College of Medicine [http://www.uvgullas.com/profile.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130014615/http://www.uvgullas.com/profile.php |date=2020-01-30 }} * University of the Visayas – Mandaue [http://uv.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080332/https://uv.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of the Visayas-Minglanilla [http://uv.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080332/https://uv.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of the Visayas-Toledo City Campus [http://uv.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080332/https://uv.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Visayan Nazarene Bible College [http://www.vnbc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904084659/https://www.vnbc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * VillaFlores College [https://ched.gov.ph/villaflores-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080650/https://ched.gov.ph/villaflores-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Velez College [http://www.velezcollege.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080352/http://www.velezcollege.com/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of the Philippines College of Cebu [https://www.up.edu.ph/] == Rehiyon VIII == * ABE International College Of Business And Economics – Tacloban City [http://www.abe.edu.ph/] * ACLC College-Ormoc [http://www.aclc.edu.ph/p/aclc-campuses-eastern-visayas.html] * ACLC College Tacloban City [http://www.aclc.edu.ph/p/aclc-campuses-eastern-visayas.html] * AMA Computer College- Tacloban City [http://amacollege.amaes.edu.ph/p/ama-campuses-eastern-visayas.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/http://amacollege.amaes.edu.ph/p/ama-campuses-eastern-visayas.html |date=2021-09-04 }} * Asia College Of Advance Studies In Arts Sciences And Technology, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/asia-college-advance-studies-arts-sciences-technology-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080855/https://ched.gov.ph/asia-college-advance-studies-arts-sciences-technology-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Asian Development Foundation College [https://ched.gov.ph/asian-development-foundation-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081334/https://ched.gov.ph/asian-development-foundation-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Bato Institute of Science and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/bato-institute-of-science-and-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080632/https://ched.gov.ph/bato-institute-of-science-and-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Biliran Province State University-Main [https://www.bipsu.edu.ph/] * Biliran Province State University-Biliran Campus [https://www.bipsu.edu.ph/] * Calbiga Western Samar College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/calbiga-western-samar-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080647/https://ched.gov.ph/calbiga-western-samar-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Christ The King College – Calbayog City [https://ched.gov.ph/christ-king-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080752/https://ched.gov.ph/christ-king-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio De La Salle Fondation De Tacloban Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-la-salle-fondation-de-tacloban-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080456/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-la-salle-fondation-de-tacloban-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio De San Juan Samar, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-san-juan-samar-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081013/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-san-juan-samar-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio De San Lorenzo Ruiz De Manila Of Northern Samar, Inc [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-san-lorenzo-ruiz-de-manila-northern-samar-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081139/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-san-lorenzo-ruiz-de-manila-northern-samar-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio De Sta Lourdes of Leyte Foundation,Inc. [https://csllfi.wordpress.com/] * Doña Remedios Trinidad-Romualdez Medical Foundation [https://rtrfoundation.com.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231124808/http://rtrfoundation.com.ph/ |date=2017-12-31 }} * Dr. V. Orestes Romualdez Educational Foundation [https://rtrfoundation.com.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231124808/http://rtrfoundation.com.ph/ |date=2017-12-31 }} * Eastern Samar State University- Guiuan [http://www.essu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080357/https://www.essu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Eastern Samar State University- Main [http://www.essu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080357/https://www.essu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Eastern Samar State University- Salcedo [http://www.essu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080357/https://www.essu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Eastern Samar State University-Can-Avid [http://www.essu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080357/https://www.essu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Eastern Samar State University-Maydolong [http://www.essu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080357/https://www.essu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Eastern Visayas Central Colleges, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/eastern-visayas-central-colleges-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080728/https://ched.gov.ph/eastern-visayas-central-colleges-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Eastern Visayas State University- Burauen [http://www.evsu.edu.ph/] * Eastern Visayas State University Carigara [http://www.evsu.edu.ph/] * Eastern Visayas State University- Main [http://www.evsu.edu.ph/] * Eastern Visayas State University Tanauan [http://www.evsu.edu.ph/] * Eastern Visayas State University-Ormoc [http://www.evsu.edu.ph/] * Franciscan College Of The Immaculate Conception [http://fcic.edu.ph/] * Global School For Technological Studies, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/global-school-technological-studies-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080932/https://ched.gov.ph/global-school-technological-studies-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Holy Cross College Of Carigara [https://ched.gov.ph/holy-cross-college-carigara-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080909/https://ched.gov.ph/holy-cross-college-carigara-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Holy Infant College [https://ched.gov.ph/holy-infant-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081034/https://ched.gov.ph/holy-infant-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Holy Spirit College Foundation In Leyte, Inc [https://ched.gov.ph/holy-spirit-college-foundation-leyte-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080938/https://ched.gov.ph/holy-spirit-college-foundation-leyte-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Holy Virgin Of Salvacion Foundation College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/holy-virgin-salvacion-foundation-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080840/https://ched.gov.ph/holy-virgin-salvacion-foundation-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * JE Mondejar Computer College [http://www.mondejar.edu/] * Leyte Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/leyte-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080906/https://ched.gov.ph/leyte-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Leyte Normal University [http://www.lnu.edu.ph/] * Mater Divinae Gratiae College [https://ched.gov.ph/mater-divinae-gratiae-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080630/https://ched.gov.ph/mater-divinae-gratiae-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Montano Lamberte Go College of Learning, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/montano-lamberte-go-college-learning-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081318/https://ched.gov.ph/montano-lamberte-go-college-learning-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northern Leyte College [https://ched.gov.ph/northern-leyte-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081200/https://ched.gov.ph/northern-leyte-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northern Samar Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/northern-samar-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081020/https://ched.gov.ph/northern-samar-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northwest Samar State University-Main [http://main.nwssu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008064114/http://main.nwssu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-10-08 }} * Northwest Samar State University-San Jorge [http://main.nwssu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008064114/http://main.nwssu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-10-08 }} * Our Lady of Mercy College [https://ched.gov.ph/lady-mercy-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080850/https://ched.gov.ph/lady-mercy-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Palompon Institute Of Technology-Main [http://pit.edu.ph/pitsuc/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080325/http://pit.edu.ph/pitsuc/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Palompon Institute Of Technology-Tabango [http://pit.edu.ph/pitsuc/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080325/http://pit.edu.ph/pitsuc/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Sacred Heart Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/sacred-heart-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081108/https://ched.gov.ph/sacred-heart-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Francis College [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-francis-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080845/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-francis-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Joseph College [https://www.sjc.edu.ph/] * Saint Michael College of Hindang [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-michael-college-profile-2/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081112/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-michael-college-profile-2/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Paul School of Professional Studies, Inc. [http://www.spsps.edu.ph/] * Saint Scholastica&#8217;s College Tacloban [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-scholasticas-college-tacloban-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081115/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-scholasticas-college-tacloban-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Thomas Aquinas College [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-thomas-aquinas-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081146/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-thomas-aquinas-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Vincent De Paul College Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-vincent-de-paul-college-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081105/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-vincent-de-paul-college-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Samar Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/samar-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080831/https://ched.gov.ph/samar-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Samar State University-Main [https://ssu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211011034231/https://ssu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-10-11 }} * Samar State University-Basey [http://ssu.edu.ph/basey-campus/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080630/https://ssu.edu.ph/basey-campus/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Samar State University-Mercedes [http://ssu.edu.ph/mercedes-campus/] * Samar State University-Paranas [http://ssu.edu.ph/paranas-campus/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080400/https://ssu.edu.ph/paranas-campus/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * San Lorenzo Ruiz College of Ormoc, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/san-lorenzo-ruiz-college-ormoc-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081339/https://ched.gov.ph/san-lorenzo-ruiz-college-ormoc-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Leyte State University [http://slsuonline.edu.ph/v4/index.php/en/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080352/http://slsuonline.edu.ph/v4/index.php/en/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Leyte State University-San Juan [http://slsuonline.edu.ph/campus/sanjuan/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080325/http://slsuonline.edu.ph/campus/sanjuan/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Leyte State University-Bontoc [http://slsuonline.edu.ph/campus/bontoc/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080325/http://slsuonline.edu.ph/campus/bontoc/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Leyte State University-Hinunangan [http://www.slsuonline.edu.ph/campus/hinunangan/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821223021/http://www.slsuonline.edu.ph/campus/hinunangan/ |date=2021-08-21 }} * Southern Leyte State University-Maasin Campus [http://slsuonline.edu.ph/v4/index.php/en/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080352/http://slsuonline.edu.ph/v4/index.php/en/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Leyte State University-Tomas Oppus [http://www.slsuonline.edu.ph/campus/tomasoppus/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080325/http://www.slsuonline.edu.ph/campus/tomasoppus/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. John the Evangelist School of Theology [http://sjest.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080327/http://sjest.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Mary&#8217;s College Of Borongan [https://ched.gov.ph/st-marys-college-of-borongan/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080829/https://ched.gov.ph/st-marys-college-of-borongan/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Mary&#8217;s College Of Catbalogan [https://ched.gov.ph/st-marys-college-of-catbalogan-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080826/https://ched.gov.ph/st-marys-college-of-catbalogan-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Peters College Of Ormoc, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/st-peters-college-ormoc-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081012/https://ched.gov.ph/st-peters-college-ormoc-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * STI College – Ormoc [http://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=70] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171229003734/http://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=70 |date=2017-12-29 }} * Sto. Niño College of Ormoc, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/sto-nino-college-ormoc-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080520/https://ched.gov.ph/sto-nino-college-ormoc-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Tan Ting Bing Memorial Colleges Foundation Incorporated [https://ched.gov.ph/tan-ting-bing-memorial-colleges-foundation-incorporated-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081128/https://ched.gov.ph/tan-ting-bing-memorial-colleges-foundation-incorporated-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * The College Of Maasin [https://www.cm.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080354/https://www.cm.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University Of Eastern Philippines-Catubig [http://uep.edu.ph/] * University Of Eastern Philippines-Laoang [http://uep.edu.ph/] * University Of Eastern Philippines-Main [http://uep.edu.ph/] * University of the Philippines Manila (Palo Leyte) [http://shs.upm.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904093806/https://shs.upm.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University Of The Philippines Visayas Tacloban College [https://tac.upv.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904094128/https://tac.upv.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Visayas Christian Institute Of Technology, Inc [https://ched.gov.ph/visayas-christian-institute-technology-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081342/https://ched.gov.ph/visayas-christian-institute-technology-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Visayas State University-Isabel [https://www.vsu.edu.ph/academe/satellite-campuses/isabel] * Visayas State University-Main [https://www.vsu.edu.ph/] * Visayas State University-Villaba [https://www.vsu.edu.ph/academe/satellite-campuses/villaba] * Visayas State University- Alang-Alang [https://www.vsu.edu.ph/academe/satellite-campuses/alangalang] * Visayas State University-Tolosa [https://www.vsu.edu.ph/academe/satellite-campuses/tolosa] * Western Leyte College Of Ormoc City, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/western-leyte-college-ormoc-city-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081130/https://ched.gov.ph/western-leyte-college-ormoc-city-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }}</p> == Rehiyon IX == * Aim High College [https://ched.gov.ph/aim-high-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081050/https://ched.gov.ph/aim-high-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Alhadeetha Mindanao College [https://ched.gov.ph/alhadeetha-mindanao-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081004/https://ched.gov.ph/alhadeetha-mindanao-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * AMA Computer College-Zamboanga City [http://amacollege.amaes.edu.ph/p/ama-campuses-zamboanga.html]{{Dead link|date=Agosto 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Andres Bonifacio College, Inc. [http://www.abcollege.edu.ph/] * Ateneo de Zamboanga University [https://www.adzu.edu.ph/] * Aurora Pioneers Memorial College [https://ched.gov.ph/aurora-pioneers-memorial-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081103/https://ched.gov.ph/aurora-pioneers-memorial-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Ave Maria College [https://ched.gov.ph/ave-maria-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081139/https://ched.gov.ph/ave-maria-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Basilan State College Lamitan Extension * Basilan State College Main Campus * Basilan State College Maluso Campus * Blancia College Foundation, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/blancia-college-foundation-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081133/https://ched.gov.ph/blancia-college-foundation-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Brent Hospital and Colleges, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/brent-hospital-colleges-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081101/https://ched.gov.ph/brent-hospital-colleges-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Claret College of Isabela [https://ched.gov.ph/claret-college-isabela-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081055/https://ched.gov.ph/claret-college-isabela-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio De San Francisco Javier [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-san-francisco-javier-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081133/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-san-francisco-javier-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Computer Technologies Institute of Zamboanga City [https://ched.gov.ph/computer-technologies-institute-zamboanga-city-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081021/https://ched.gov.ph/computer-technologies-institute-zamboanga-city-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Computer Technologies Institute of Basilan [https://ched.gov.ph/computer-technologies-institute-basilan-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081141/https://ched.gov.ph/computer-technologies-institute-basilan-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Dipolog City Institute of Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/dipolog-city-institute-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081046/https://ched.gov.ph/dipolog-city-institute-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * DMC College Foundation, Inc. [http://dmc.edu.ph/v3/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225239/http://dmc.edu.ph/v3/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Dr. Aurelio Mendoza Memorial College [http://ammc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180131021624/http://ammc.edu.ph/ |date=2018-01-31 }} * Eastern Mindanao College of Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/eastern-mindanao-college-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080510/https://ched.gov.ph/eastern-mindanao-college-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Ebenezer Bible College and Seminary [http://myebenezerschool.org/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080327/http://myebenezerschool.org/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * HMIJ – Foundation Philippine Islamic College [https://ched.gov.ph/hmij-foundation-philippine-islamic-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081109/https://ched.gov.ph/hmij-foundation-philippine-islamic-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Hyrons College Philippines [https://ched.gov.ph/hyrons-college-philippines-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080526/https://ched.gov.ph/hyrons-college-philippines-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Immaculate Conception Archdiocesan School [https://www.zamboanga.com/tetuan/icas_col.htm] * JH Cerilles State College – Bayog [http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318002831/http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses |date=2018-03-18 }} * JH Cerilles State College – Canuto MS Enerio [http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318002831/http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses |date=2018-03-18 }} * JH Cerilles State College – Dimataling [http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318002831/http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses |date=2018-03-18 }} * JH Cerilles State College – Dumingag [http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318002831/http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses |date=2018-03-18 }} * JH Cerilles State College – Guipos [http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318002831/http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses |date=2018-03-18 }} * JH Cerilles State College – Josefina [http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318002831/http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses |date=2018-03-18 }} * JH Cerilles State College – Kumalarang [http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318002831/http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses |date=2018-03-18 }} * JH Cerilles State College – Lapuyan [http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318002831/http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses |date=2018-03-18 }} * JH Cerilles State College – Mahayag [http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318002831/http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses |date=2018-03-18 }} * JH Cerilles State College – Main [http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318002831/http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses |date=2018-03-18 }} * JH Cerilles State College – Margosatubig [http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318002831/http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses |date=2018-03-18 }} * JH Cerilles State College – Midsalip [http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318002831/http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses |date=2018-03-18 }} * JH Cerilles State College – Pagadian [http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318002831/http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses |date=2018-03-18 }} * JH Cerilles State College – Ramon Magsaysay [http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318002831/http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses |date=2018-03-18 }} * JH Cerilles State College – San Pablo [http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318002831/http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses |date=2018-03-18 }} * JH Cerilles State College – Sominot [http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318002831/http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses |date=2018-03-18 }} * JH Cerilles State College – Tabina [http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318002831/http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses |date=2018-03-18 }} * JH Cerilles State College – Tambulig [http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318002831/http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses |date=2018-03-18 }} * JH Cerilles State College – Tigbao [http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318002831/http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses |date=2018-03-18 }} * JH Cerilles State College – Tukuran [http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318002831/http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses |date=2018-03-18 }} * JH Cerilles State College – Vincenzo Sagun [http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180318002831/http://www.jhcsc.edu.ph/index.php/campuses |date=2018-03-18 }} * Jose Rizal Memorial State University Dipolog Campus [http://dipolog.jrmsu.edu.ph/] * Jose Rizal Memorial State University- Katipunan Campus [http://katipunan.jrmsu.edu.ph/] * Jose Rizal Memorial State University Main [http://jrmsu.edu.ph/] * Jose Rizal Memorial State University- Siocon Campus [http://siocon.jrmsu.edu.ph/] * Jose Rizal Memorial State University Tampilisan [http://tampilisan.jrmsu.edu.ph/] * Jose Rizal Memorial State University-Sibuco External Studies Unit [http://sibuco_campus.jrmsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903141631/http://sibuco_campus.jrmsu.edu.ph/ |date=2018-09-03 }} * Juan S. Alano Memorial School [https://ched.gov.ph/juan-s-alano-memorial-school-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081117/https://ched.gov.ph/juan-s-alano-memorial-school-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Lucan Central Colleges, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/lucan-central-colleges-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081042/https://ched.gov.ph/lucan-central-colleges-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Marian College [https://ched.gov.ph/marian-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081120/https://ched.gov.ph/marian-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Medina College Ipil, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/medina-college-ipil-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081127/https://ched.gov.ph/medina-college-ipil-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Medina College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/medina-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081100/https://ched.gov.ph/medina-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * MEIN College * Mindanao State University Buug Campus [http://www.msumain.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021012222936/http://www.msumain.edu.ph/ |date=2002-10-12 }} * Nuevo Zamboanga College [https://ched.gov.ph/nuevo-zamboanga-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081047/https://ched.gov.ph/nuevo-zamboanga-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Pagadian Capitol College [https://ched.gov.ph/pagadian-capitol-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081149/https://ched.gov.ph/pagadian-capitol-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Philippine Advent College [https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-advent-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081116/https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-advent-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Philippine Advent College, Inc. – Salug [https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-advent-college-inc-salug-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081138/https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-advent-college-inc-salug-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }}&lt; * Philippine Technological & Marine Sciences [https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-technological-marine-sciences-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081045/https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-technological-marine-sciences-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Pilar College of Zamboanga City Inc. [http://www.pczc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904090341/https://www.pczc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Rizal Memorial Institute of Dapitan City, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/rizal-memorial-institute-dapitan-city-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081122/https://ched.gov.ph/rizal-memorial-institute-dapitan-city-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Columban College [http://www.sccpag.edu.ph/]{{Dead link|date=Abril 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Saint Estanislao Kostka College, Inc. [http://sekc.org.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128171326/http://sekc.org.ph/ |date=2021-11-28 }} * Saint Joseph College of Sindangan Incorporated [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-joseph-college-sindangan-incorporated-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081124/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-joseph-college-sindangan-incorporated-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Vincent’s College [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-vincents-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081113/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-vincents-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Sibugay Technical Institute, Inc. [http://sibugaytech.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505210454/http://sibugaytech.edu.ph/ |date=2018-05-05 }} * SMC Agro -Tech [https://ched.gov.ph/smc-agro-tech-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080529/https://ched.gov.ph/smc-agro-tech-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern City Colleges, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/southern-city-colleges-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081018/https://ched.gov.ph/southern-city-colleges-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Mindanao Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/southern-mindanao-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081107/https://ched.gov.ph/southern-mindanao-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Peninsula College [https://ched.gov.ph/southern-peninsula-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080634/https://ched.gov.ph/southern-peninsula-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. John College of Buug Foundation, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/st-john-college-buug-foundation-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081104/https://ched.gov.ph/st-john-college-buug-foundation-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Mary’s College of Labason, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/st-marys-college-labason-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080839/https://ched.gov.ph/st-marys-college-labason-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * STI College Pagadian [http://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=91#.WhZV8UqWaUk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218073021/http://sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=91#.WhZV8UqWaUk |date=2017-12-18 }} * STI College Zamboanga [http://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=82#.WhZWFUqWaUk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218072952/http://sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=82#.WhZWFUqWaUk |date=2017-12-18 }} * STI College – Dipolog [http://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=84#.WhZWfkqWaUk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218072957/http://sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=84#.WhZWfkqWaUk |date=2017-12-18 }} * Universidad de Zamboanga [https://uz.edu.ph/] * Universidad de Zamboanga-Ipil [http://uz.edu.ph/academics/uz-pagadian/] * Universidad de Zamboanga – Pagadian [http://wmsu.edu.ph/] * Western Mindanao Foundation College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/western-mindanao-foundation-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080842/https://ched.gov.ph/western-mindanao-foundation-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Western Mindanao State University [http://wmsu.edu.ph/] * Western Mindanao State University Alicia External Studies Unit [http://wmsu.edu.ph/] * Western Mindanao State University Aurora External Studies Unit [http://wmsu.edu.ph/] * Western Mindanao State University Curuan External Studies Unit [http://wmsu.edu.ph/] * Western Mindanao State University Diplahan External Studies Unit [http://wmsu.edu.ph/] * Western Mindanao State University Imelda External Studies Unit [http://wmsu.edu.ph/] * Western Mindanao State University Ipil External Studies Unit [http://wmsu.edu.ph/] * Western Mindanao State University Mabuhay External Studies Unit [http://wmsu.edu.ph/] * Western Mindanao State University Malangas External Studies Unit [http://wmsu.edu.ph/] * Western Mindanao State University Molave External Studies Unit [http://wmsu.edu.ph/] * Western Mindanao State University Naga External Studies Unit [http://wmsu.edu.ph/] * Western Mindanao State University Olutanga External Studies Unit [http://wmsu.edu.ph/] * Western Mindanao State University Pagadian External Studies Unit [http://wmsu.edu.ph/] * Western Mindanao State University Siay External Studies Unit [http://wmsu.edu.ph/] * Western Mindanao State University Tungawan External Studies Unit [http://wmsu.edu.ph/] * Yllana Bay View College [https://ched.gov.ph/yllana-bay-view-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081111/https://ched.gov.ph/yllana-bay-view-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Zamboanga City State Polytechnic College [http://www.zcspc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/http://www.zcspc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Zamboanga Del Sur Maritime Institute of Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/zamboanga-del-sur-maritime-institute-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081122/https://ched.gov.ph/zamboanga-del-sur-maritime-institute-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology [http://www.zscmst.edu.ph/] == Rehiyon X == * ACLC College of Bukidnon, Inc. [http://www.aclcbukidnon.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080358/https://www.aclcbukidnon.com/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Adventist Medical Center College [http://www.amcc.edu.ph/] * Adventist Technological Institute [https://ched.gov.ph/adventist-technological-institute-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081152/https://ched.gov.ph/adventist-technological-institute-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * AMA Computer College – Cagayan de Oro [https://www.amaes.edu.ph/] * Blessed Mother College [http://blessedmothercollege.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080330/https://blessedmothercollege.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Bukidnon State University [http://buksu.edu.ph/] * Bukidnon State University – Alubijid [http://buksu.edu.ph/] * Bukidnon State University – Baungon [http://buksu.edu.ph/] * Bukidnon State University – Cabanglasan [http://buksu.edu.ph/] * Bukidnon State University – Damulog [http://buksu.edu.ph/] * Bukidnon State University – Iligan [http://buksu.edu.ph/] * Bukidnon State University – Impasugong [http://buksu.edu.ph/] * Bukidnon State University – Kadingilan [http://buksu.edu.ph/] * Bukidnon State University – Kalilangan [http://buksu.edu.ph/] * Bukidnon State University – Kitaotao [http://buksu.edu.ph/] * Bukidnon State University – Libona [http://buksu.edu.ph/] * Bukidnon State University – Malitbog [http://buksu.edu.ph/] * Bukidnon State University – Medina [http://buksu.edu.ph/] * Bukidnon State University – Quezon [http://buksu.edu.ph/] * Bukidnon State University – San Fernando [http://buksu.edu.ph/] * Bukidnon State University – Sugbongcogon [http://buksu.edu.ph/] * Bukidnon State University – Talakag [http://buksu.edu.ph/] * Bukidnon State University – Talisayan [http://buksu.edu.ph/] * Cagayan de Oro College [http://coc.phinma.edu.ph/] * Camiguin Polytechnic State College [http://www.cpsc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200311114643/http://www.cpsc.edu.ph/ |date=2020-03-11 }} * Capitol University [http://www.cu.edu.ph/] * Central Mindanao University [http://www.cmu.edu.ph/] * Christ the King College de Maranding [https://ched.gov.ph/christ-king-college-de-maranding-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081041/https://ched.gov.ph/christ-king-college-de-maranding-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Christ the King College [http://ckcgingoog.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204104928/http://ckcgingoog.edu.ph/ |date=2015-02-04 }} * Colegio de Sto. Nino de Jasaan [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-sto-nino-de-jasaan-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081140/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-sto-nino-de-jasaan-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Dr. Solomon U. Molina College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/dr-solomon-u-molina-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080631/https://ched.gov.ph/dr-solomon-u-molina-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Fatima College of Camiguin [https://ched.gov.ph/fatima-college-camiguin-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081125/https://ched.gov.ph/fatima-college-camiguin-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Gingoog Christian College [https://ched.gov.ph/gingoog-christian-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081130/https://ched.gov.ph/gingoog-christian-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Gingoog City Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/gingoog-city-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081010/https://ched.gov.ph/gingoog-city-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Golden Heritage Polytechnic College [https://ched.gov.ph/golden-heritage-polytechnic-college-report/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081049/https://ched.gov.ph/golden-heritage-polytechnic-college-report/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * IBA College of Mindanao [https://ched.gov.ph/iba-college-mindanao-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080518/https://ched.gov.ph/iba-college-mindanao-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Iligan Capitol College [http://icc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/http://icc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Iligan Medical Center College [http://imcc.edu.ph/] * La Salle University [https://lsu.edu.ph/] * Lanao School of Science and Technology Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/lanao-school-science-technology-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081136/https://ched.gov.ph/lanao-school-science-technology-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Liceo de Cagayan University [http://www.liceo.edu.ph/] * Lourdes College [https://www.lccdo.edu.ph/] * Lyceum of Iligan Foundation [http://lif.edu.ph/] * Masters Technological Institute of Mindanao [https://ched.gov.ph/masters-technological-institute-mindanao-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081211/https://ched.gov.ph/masters-technological-institute-mindanao-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Medina College [https://ched.gov.ph/medina-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081119/https://ched.gov.ph/medina-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Medina Foundation College [https://ched.gov.ph/medina-foundation-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081144/https://ched.gov.ph/medina-foundation-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mindanao Arts and Technological Institute [https://ched.gov.ph/mindanao-arts-technological-institute-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080523/https://ched.gov.ph/mindanao-arts-technological-institute-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology [https://www.msuiit.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240122192243/https://www.msuiit.edu.ph/ |date=2024-01-22 }} * Mindanao State University-Lanao del Norte Agricultural College [http://www.msumain.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021012222936/http://www.msumain.edu.ph/ |date=2002-10-12 }} * Mindanao State University-Maigo School of Arts and Trades [http://www.msumain.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021012222936/http://www.msumain.edu.ph/ |date=2002-10-12 }} * Mindanao State University-Naawan [http://www.msunaawan.edu.ph/] * Misamis Institute of Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/misamis-institute-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081331/https://ched.gov.ph/misamis-institute-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Misamis Oriental Institute of Science and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/misamis-oriental-institute-of-science-and-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081044/https://ched.gov.ph/misamis-oriental-institute-of-science-and-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Misamis University [http://www.mu.edu.ph/] * Misamis University-Oroquieta [http://www.mu.edu.ph/] * Mountain View College [http://www.mvc.edu.ph/] * North Central Mindanao College [https://www.ncmc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/https://www.ncmc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northern Bukidnon State College [https://ched.gov.ph/northern-bukidnon-state-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081216/https://ched.gov.ph/northern-bukidnon-state-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northwestern Mindanao Christian College [https://ched.gov.ph/northwestern-mindanao-christian-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081229/https://ched.gov.ph/northwestern-mindanao-christian-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northwestern Mindanao Institute of Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/northwestern-mindanao-institute-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081345/https://ched.gov.ph/northwestern-mindanao-institute-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northwestern Mindanao State College of Science and Technology [http://www.nmsc.edu.ph/] * Oro Bible College [https://ched.gov.ph/oro-bible-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080855/https://ched.gov.ph/oro-bible-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Our Lady of Triumph Institute of Technology [http://www.olt.edu.ph/] * Philippine College Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-college-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081026/https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-college-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Philippine Countryville College [https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-countryville-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081205/https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-countryville-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Picardal Institute of Science and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/picardal-institute-science-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081217/https://ched.gov.ph/picardal-institute-science-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Pilgrim Christian College [https://ched.gov.ph/pilgrim-christian-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080637/https://ched.gov.ph/pilgrim-christian-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Quezon Institute of Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/quezon-institute-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081253/https://ched.gov.ph/quezon-institute-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Roman C. Villalon Memorial College [https://ched.gov.ph/roman-c-villalon-memorial-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081204/https://ched.gov.ph/roman-c-villalon-memorial-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Sacred Heart College of Calamba [https://ched.gov.ph/sacred-heart-college-calamba-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081213/https://ched.gov.ph/sacred-heart-college-calamba-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * San Agustin Institute of Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/san-agustin-institute-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081247/https://ched.gov.ph/san-agustin-institute-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * San Isidro College [http://sic.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/http://sic.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Santa Monica Institute of Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/santa-monica-institute-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081037/https://ched.gov.ph/santa-monica-institute-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Bukidnon Foundation Academy [https://ched.gov.ph/southern-bukidnon-foundation-academy-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081158/https://ched.gov.ph/southern-bukidnon-foundation-academy-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Capital College [https://ched.gov.ph/southern-capital-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080850/https://ched.gov.ph/southern-capital-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern de Oro Philippines College [http://www.southphilcollege.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904094225/https://southphilcollege.com/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Maramag Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/southern-maramag-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081242/https://ched.gov.ph/southern-maramag-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. John Vianney Theological Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/st-john-vianney-theological-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081151/https://ched.gov.ph/st-john-vianney-theological-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Mary’s Maternity and Children Hospital College [https://ched.gov.ph/st-marys-maternity-children-hospital-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081255/https://ched.gov.ph/st-marys-maternity-children-hospital-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Michael’s College [https://www.smciligan.edu.ph/] * St. Peter’s College of Misamis Oriental [https://ched.gov.ph/st-peters-college-of-misamis-oriental-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081153/https://ched.gov.ph/st-peters-college-of-misamis-oriental-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Peter’s College [http://www.spc.edu.ph/] * St. Rita&#8217;s College of Balingasag [https://ched.gov.ph/st-ritas-college-balingasag-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081232/https://ched.gov.ph/st-ritas-college-balingasag-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Stella Maris College [https://ched.gov.ph/stella-maris-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081215/https://ched.gov.ph/stella-maris-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * STI College Education Services Group – Mindanao [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI College – Iligan [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI College – Malaybalay [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI College – Valencia [https://www.sti.edu/] * The New El Salvador College [https://ched.gov.ph/new-el-salvador-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081201/https://ched.gov.ph/new-el-salvador-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of Science and Technology [http://www.ustp.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918042922/https://www.ustp.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * University of Science and Technology – Claveria [http://www.ustp.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918042922/https://www.ustp.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * University of Science and Technology-Jasaan [http://www.ustp.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918042922/https://www.ustp.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * University of Science and Technology-Oroquieta [http://www.ustp.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918042922/https://www.ustp.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * University of Science and Technology-Panaon [http://www.ustp.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918042922/https://www.ustp.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * Valencia Colleges Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/valencia-colleges-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081148/https://ched.gov.ph/valencia-colleges-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Vineyard International Polytechnic College [https://www.vipc.edu.ph/] * Xavier University [http://www.xu.edu.ph/] == Rehiyon XI == * ACES Polytechnic College [https://ched.gov.ph/aces-polytechnic-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081208/https://ched.gov.ph/aces-polytechnic-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * ACES Tagum College [https://ched.gov.ph/aces-tagum-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080532/https://ched.gov.ph/aces-tagum-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * ACLC College of Tagum [http://www.aclc.edu.ph/] * ACQ College of Ministries [http://acqcm.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180419075141/http://acqcm.edu.ph/ |date=2018-04-19 }} * Agro-Industrial Foundation College of the Philippines-Matina [http://agrocollegedavao.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729074916/http://agrocollegedavao.com/ |date=2018-07-29 }} * AMA Computer College [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * Arriesgado College Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/arriesgado-college-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080642/https://ched.gov.ph/arriesgado-college-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Asian International School of Aeronautics and Technology [http://aisat.edu.ph] * Assumption College of Davao [http://www.assumptiondavao.edu.ph/acd2/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181019000841/http://www.assumptiondavao.edu.ph/acd2/ |date=2018-10-19 }} * Assumption College of Nabunturan [https://ched.gov.ph/assumption-college-nabunturan-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081157/https://ched.gov.ph/assumption-college-nabunturan-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Ateneo de Davao University [http://www.addu.edu.ph/] * Brokenshire College [http://www.brokenshire.edu.ph/index.php/home] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080353/http://www.brokenshire.edu.ph/index.php/home |date=2021-09-04 }} * Card-MRI Development Institute [https://ched.gov.ph/card-mri-development-institute-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081203/https://ched.gov.ph/card-mri-development-institute-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Christian Colleges of Southeast Asia [https://ched.gov.ph/christian-colleges-of-southeast-asia-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081239/https://ched.gov.ph/christian-colleges-of-southeast-asia-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Compostela Valley State College-Main [https://cvsc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/https://cvsc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Compostela Valley State College – Maragusan [https://cvsc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/https://cvsc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Compostela Valley State College – Montevista [https://cvsc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/https://cvsc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Compostela Valley State College – New Bataan [https://cvsc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/https://cvsc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Cor Jesu College [http://www.cjc.edu.ph/] * Davao Central College [https://ched.gov.ph/davao-central-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081348/https://ched.gov.ph/davao-central-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Davao del Norte State College [http://dnsc.edu.ph/] * Davao del Sur State College [https://www.dssc.edu.ph/index.php] * Davao Doctors College [https://www.davaodoctors.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080327/https://www.davaodoctors.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Davao Medical School Foundation [http://www.davaomedicalcollege.org/] * Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology-Banaybanay Campus [http://www.doscst.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225244/http://www.doscst.edu.ph/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology-Cateel Extension [http://www.doscst.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225244/http://www.doscst.edu.ph/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology-Main [http://www.doscst.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225244/http://www.doscst.edu.ph/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology-San Isidro Extension [http://www.doscst.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225244/http://www.doscst.edu.ph/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Davao Vision Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/davao-vision-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081146/https://ched.gov.ph/davao-vision-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Davao Winchester Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/davao-winchester-colleges-problem/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081034/https://ched.gov.ph/davao-winchester-colleges-problem/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * DMMA College of Southern Philippines [http://www.dmmacsp.edu.ph/] * Evangelical Mission College ,Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/evangelical-mission-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081245/https://ched.gov.ph/evangelical-mission-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Evelyn E. Fabie College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/evelyn-e-fabie-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081221/https://ched.gov.ph/evelyn-e-fabie-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Gabriel Taborin College of Davao Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/gabriel-taborin-college-davao-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081223/https://ched.gov.ph/gabriel-taborin-college-davao-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * General Baptist Bible College [https://ched.gov.ph/general-baptist-bible-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080852/https://ched.gov.ph/general-baptist-bible-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Holy Child College of Davao [https://ched.gov.ph/holy-child-college-davao-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081250/https://ched.gov.ph/holy-child-college-davao-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Holy Cross College of Calinan [http://hccc.edu.ph/] * Holy Cross College of Sasa [https://ched.gov.ph/holy-cross-college-of-sasa-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081143/https://ched.gov.ph/holy-cross-college-of-sasa-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Holy Cross of Davao College [http://www.hcdc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904083133/https://www.hcdc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Interface Computer College [http://home.interfacecollege.org/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126020311/http://home.interfacecollege.org/ |date=2021-01-26 }} * Institute of International Culinary and Hospitality Entrepreneurship [http://www.ichef.com.ph/] * Joji Ilagan Career Center Foundation [http://www.jojiilagancareercenter.com/] * Joji Ilagan International Management School [https://www.theinternationalmanagementschool.com/] * Jose Maria College [https://jmc.edu.ph/] * Koinonia Theological Seminary Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/koinonia-theological-seminary-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081039/https://ched.gov.ph/koinonia-theological-seminary-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Laak Institute Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/laak-institute-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081226/https://ched.gov.ph/laak-institute-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Legacy College of Compostela [https://ched.gov.ph/legacy-college-compostela-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081211/https://ched.gov.ph/legacy-college-compostela-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Liceo De Davao [http://liceodedavao.online/index.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/http://liceodedavao.online/index.html |date=2021-09-04 }} * Lyceum of the Philippines-Davao [https://lpudavao.edu.ph/] * Malayan Colleges Mindanao [https://mcm.edu.ph/] * Maryknoll College of Panabo [https://ched.gov.ph/maryknoll-college-of-panabo-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081237/https://ched.gov.ph/maryknoll-college-of-panabo-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mati Doctors College [https://ched.gov.ph/mati-doctors-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081350/https://ched.gov.ph/mati-doctors-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mati Polytechnic College [https://ched.gov.ph/mati-polytechnic-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081212/https://ched.gov.ph/mati-polytechnic-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * MATS College of Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/mats-college-of-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081156/https://ched.gov.ph/mats-college-of-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mindanao Kokusai Daigaku [https://ched.gov.ph/mindanao-kokusai-daigaku-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081206/https://ched.gov.ph/mindanao-kokusai-daigaku-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mindanao Medical Foundation College [http://mmfcdavao.com.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904093602/https://mmfcdavao.com.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mt. Apo Science Foundation College [https://ched.gov.ph/mt-apo-science-foundation-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081200/https://ched.gov.ph/mt-apo-science-foundation-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * North Davao Colleges-Panabo [https://ched.gov.ph/north-davao-colleges-panabo-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081218/https://ched.gov.ph/north-davao-colleges-panabo-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * North Davao College-Tagum Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/north-davao-college-tagum-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081154/https://ched.gov.ph/north-davao-college-tagum-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northlink Technological College [https://ched.gov.ph/northlink-technological-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081213/https://ched.gov.ph/northlink-technological-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Philippine College of Technology [http://www.pctdavao.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081455/http://www.pctdavao.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Philippine Women’s College of Davao [http://pwc.edu.ph/] * Polytechnic College of Davao Del Sur [https://ched.gov.ph/polytechnic-college-davao-del-sur-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081234/https://ched.gov.ph/polytechnic-college-davao-del-sur-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Queen of Apostles College Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/queen-apostles-college-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080640/https://ched.gov.ph/queen-apostles-college-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Francis Xavier College Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-francis-xavier-college-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081029/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-francis-xavier-college-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Peter’s College of Toril [https://ched.gov.ph/st-peters-college-toril-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081209/https://ched.gov.ph/st-peters-college-toril-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Samson Polytechnic College of Davao [https://ched.gov.ph/samson-polytechnic-college-davao-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081032/https://ched.gov.ph/samson-polytechnic-college-davao-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * San Pedro College [http://www.spcdavao.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904083231/http://www.spcdavao.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Serapion C Basalo Memorial Foundation Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/serapion-c-basalo-memorial-foundation-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081023/https://ched.gov.ph/serapion-c-basalo-memorial-foundation-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * South Philippine Adventist College [http://www.spaconline.org/home/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081829/http://www.spaconline.org/home/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southeastern College of Padada [https://ched.gov.ph/southeastern-college-of-padada-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081042/https://ched.gov.ph/southeastern-college-of-padada-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Philippines Agriculture, Business, Marine and Aquatic School of Technology-Digos [http://spamast.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080354/https://spamast.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Philippines Agriculture, Business, Marine and Aquatic School of Technology-Malita [http://spamast.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080354/https://spamast.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Philippines Baptist Theological Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/southern-philippines-baptist-theological-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081220/https://ched.gov.ph/southern-philippines-baptist-theological-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Francis Xavier Regional Major Seminary of Mindanao [https://ched.gov.ph/st-francis-xavier-regional-major-seminary-of-mindanao-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081259/https://ched.gov.ph/st-francis-xavier-regional-major-seminary-of-mindanao-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. John Paul II College of Davao [https://ched.gov.ph/st-john-paul-ii-college-of-davao-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081304/https://ched.gov.ph/st-john-paul-ii-college-of-davao-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Mary’s College of Baganga [https://ched.gov.ph/st-marys-college-baganga-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081302/https://ched.gov.ph/st-marys-college-baganga-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Mary's College of Bansalan [https://ched.gov.ph/st-marys-bansalan-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081223/https://ched.gov.ph/st-marys-bansalan-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Mary’s College of Tagum [http://www.smctagum.edu.ph/] * St. Thomas More School of Law And Business [http://stms.edu.ph/] * STI College – Tagum [http://www.sti.edu/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602233009/http://www.sti.edu/ |date=2008-06-02 }} * STI Education Services Group-Davao [http://www.sti.edu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080602233009/http://www.sti.edu/ |date=2008-06-02 }} * Tagum City College Of Science And Technology Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/tagum-city-college-science-technology-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080652/https://ched.gov.ph/tagum-city-college-science-technology-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Tagum Doctors College [https://ched.gov.ph/tagum-doctors-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081254/https://ched.gov.ph/tagum-doctors-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Tecarro College Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/tecarro-college-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081315/https://ched.gov.ph/tecarro-college-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * The Rizal Memorial Colleges [http://rmcdavao.com/] * UM Bansalan College [http://www.umdigoscollege.edu.ph/home] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203203952/http://www.umdigoscollege.edu.ph/home |date=2020-12-03 }} * UM Digos College [http://www.umdigoscollege.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203210454/http://www.umdigoscollege.edu.ph/ |date=2020-12-03 }} * UM Panabo College [http://www.umdigoscollege.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203210454/http://www.umdigoscollege.edu.ph/ |date=2020-12-03 }} * UM Penaplata College [http://www.umdigoscollege.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203210454/http://www.umdigoscollege.edu.ph/ |date=2020-12-03 }} * UM Tagum College [http://tagum.umindanao.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080354/http://tagum.umindanao.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of Mindanao [http://umindanao.edu.ph/] * University of Southeastern Philippines-Main [http://www.usep.edu.ph/mintal/] * University of Southeastern Philippines-Mintal [http://www.usep.edu.ph/mintal/] * University of Southeastern Philippines-Tagum and Mabini Campus [http://www.usep.edu.ph/tagum-mabini/] * University of the Immaculate Conception [https://www.uic.edu.ph/] * University of the Philippines-Mindanao [https://www2.upmin.edu.ph/]{{Dead link|date=Marso 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == Rehiyon XII == * ACLC College of Marbel [https://ched.gov.ph/aclc-college-of-marbel-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080701/https://ched.gov.ph/aclc-college-of-marbel-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * ACLC College-Gereneral Santos City [https://aclcgensan.net/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309142346/http://www.aclcgensan.net/ |date=2021-03-09 }} * Adventist College of Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/adventist-college-of-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081225/https://ched.gov.ph/adventist-college-of-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * AMA Computer College-General Santos Campus [https://www.amaes.edu.ph/] * Asian Colleges and Technological Institute, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/asian-colleges-technological-institute-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080537/https://ched.gov.ph/asian-colleges-technological-institute-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * B.E.S.T. College of Polomolok, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/b-e-s-t-college-polomolok-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081241/https://ched.gov.ph/b-e-s-t-college-polomolok-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Brokenshire College of SOCSKSARGEN [https://ched.gov.ph/brokenshire-college-socsksargen-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081056/https://ched.gov.ph/brokenshire-college-socsksargen-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Central Mindanao Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/central-mindanao-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081320/https://ched.gov.ph/central-mindanao-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Central Mindanao Computer School Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/central-mindanao-computer-school-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081331/https://ched.gov.ph/central-mindanao-computer-school-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio de Kidapawan [http://www.cdk.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120312021126/http://www.cdk.edu.ph/ |date=2012-03-12 }} * Cotabato Foundation College of Science and Technology [http://cfcst.edu.ph/] * Cotabato Foundation College of Science and Technology – Antipas [http://cfcst.edu.ph/] * Cotabato Foundation College of Science and Technology – Katipunan [http://cfcst.edu.ph/] * Cotabato Foundation College of Science and Technology – Pikit [http://cfcst.edu.ph/] * Cotabato Medical Foundation College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/cotabato-medical-foundation-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080658/https://ched.gov.ph/cotabato-medical-foundation-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Cronasia Foundation College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/cronasia-foundation-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081259/https://ched.gov.ph/cronasia-foundation-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Dr. Domingo B. Tamondong Memorial Hospital and College Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/dr-domingo-b-tamondong-memorial-school-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081257/https://ched.gov.ph/dr-domingo-b-tamondong-memorial-school-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Edenton Mission College, Inc [https://ched.gov.ph/edenton-mission-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081334/https://ched.gov.ph/edenton-mission-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Filipino Canadian Community College Foundation [https://filcancollege.com/] * General Santos Academy, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/general-santos-academy-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080908/https://ched.gov.ph/general-santos-academy-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * General Santos Doctors’ Medical School Foundation, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/general-santos-doctors-medical-school-foundation-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080655/https://ched.gov.ph/general-santos-doctors-medical-school-foundation-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Gensan College of Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/gensan-college-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081304/https://ched.gov.ph/gensan-college-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Gensantos Foundation, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/gensantos-foundation-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080858/https://ched.gov.ph/gensantos-foundation-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Goldenstate College [http://www.goldenstate.edu.ph/home/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122163545/http://goldenstate.edu.ph/home/ |date=2019-01-22 }} * Goldenstate College of Kiamba * Goldenstate College of Koronadal City [http://www.goldenstate.edu.ph/home/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190122163545/http://goldenstate.edu.ph/home/ |date=2019-01-22 }} * Goldenstate College of Maasim * Goldenstate College of Malungon * Green Valley College Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/green-valley-college-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080540/https://ched.gov.ph/green-valley-college-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Green Valley College Foundation – Isulan Campus [https://ched.gov.ph/green-valley-college-foundation-isulan-campus-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081326/https://ched.gov.ph/green-valley-college-foundation-isulan-campus-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Holy Child College of Information Technology, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/holy-child-college-information-technology-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081219/https://ched.gov.ph/holy-child-college-information-technology-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Holy Trinity College of General Santos City [http://www.htcgsc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080538/https://www.htcgsc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * I Link College of Science and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/link-college-science-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080900/https://ched.gov.ph/link-college-science-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * International Cruise Ship College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/international-cruise-ship-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081246/https://ched.gov.ph/international-cruise-ship-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Joji Ilagan International School of Hotel & Tourism Management [https://ched.gov.ph/joji-ilagan-international-school-hotel-tourism-management-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080903/https://ched.gov.ph/joji-ilagan-international-school-hotel-tourism-management-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Kidapawan Doctors College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/kidapawan-doctors-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081323/https://ched.gov.ph/kidapawan-doctors-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * King’s College of Isulan [https://ched.gov.ph/kings-college-isulan-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081238/https://ched.gov.ph/kings-college-isulan-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * King’s College of Marbel [https://ched.gov.ph/kings-college-marbel-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081318/https://ched.gov.ph/kings-college-marbel-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Korbel Foundation College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/korbel-foundation-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081236/https://ched.gov.ph/korbel-foundation-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Kulaman Academy, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/kulaman-academy-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081233/https://ched.gov.ph/kulaman-academy-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Lebak Family Doctor&#8217;s School of Midwifery [https://ched.gov.ph/lebak-family-doctors-school-of-midwifery-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081249/https://ched.gov.ph/lebak-family-doctors-school-of-midwifery-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Marbel Institute of Technical College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/marbel-institute-technical-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081216/https://ched.gov.ph/marbel-institute-technical-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Marbel School of Science and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/marbel-school-science-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081358/https://ched.gov.ph/marbel-school-science-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Marvelous College of Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/marvelous-college-of-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080535/https://ched.gov.ph/marvelous-college-of-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mindanao Polytechnic College [https://www.mpcgensan.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080353/https://www.mpcgensan.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mindanao State University-General Santos City [https://msugensan.edu.ph/] * MMG College of General Santos City [https://ched.gov.ph/mmg-college-of-general-santos-city-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081353/https://ched.gov.ph/mmg-college-of-general-santos-city-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * New Brighton School of the Philippines * New Era University-General Santos City [https://ched.gov.ph/new-era-university-general-santos-city-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080906/https://ched.gov.ph/new-era-university-general-santos-city-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * North Valley College Foundation, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/north-valley-college-foundation-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080645/https://ched.gov.ph/north-valley-college-foundation-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * North Point College of Arts and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/north-point-college-of-arts-and-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081312/https://ched.gov.ph/north-point-college-of-arts-and-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Notre Dame of Dadiangas University [https://nddu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008064058/https://www.nddu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-10-08 }} * Notre Dame of Kidapawan College [http://www.ndkc.edu.ph/] * Notre Dame of Marbel University [http://www.ndmu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070303044347/http://www.ndmu.edu.ph/ |date=2007-03-03 }} * Notre Dame of Midsayap College [https://www.ndmc.edu.ph/] * Notre Dame of Salaman College [https://ched.gov.ph/notre-dame-salaman-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081051/https://ched.gov.ph/notre-dame-salaman-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Notre Dame of Tacurong College [http://www.ndtc.edu.ph/] * Notre Dame-Siena College of Polomolok [https://ched.gov.ph/notre-dame-siena-college-polomolok-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081251/https://ched.gov.ph/notre-dame-siena-college-polomolok-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Pacific Southbay College * Primasia Foundation College [https://ched.gov.ph/primasia-foundation-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081230/https://ched.gov.ph/primasia-foundation-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Quezon Colleges of Southern Philippines [https://ched.gov.ph/quezon-colleges-southern-philippines-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081302/https://ched.gov.ph/quezon-colleges-southern-philippines-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/ramon-magsaysay-memorial-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081329/https://ched.gov.ph/ramon-magsaysay-memorial-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Ramon Magsaysay Memorial College – Marbel [https://ched.gov.ph/ramon-magsaysay-memorial-college-marbel-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081228/https://ched.gov.ph/ramon-magsaysay-memorial-college-marbel-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Read Data Access Computer College [https://ched.gov.ph/read-data-access-computer-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081053/https://ched.gov.ph/read-data-access-computer-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Regency Polytechnic College [https://ched.gov.ph/regency-polytechnic-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081045/https://ched.gov.ph/regency-polytechnic-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Albert Polytechnic College, Inc [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-albert-polytechnic-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081337/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-albert-polytechnic-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Salaman Institute * Schola De San Jose [https://ched.gov.ph/schola-de-san-jose-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081047/https://ched.gov.ph/schola-de-san-jose-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Senator Ninoy Aquino College Foundation, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/senator-ninoy-aquino-college-foundation-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081310/https://ched.gov.ph/senator-ninoy-aquino-college-foundation-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * South East Asian Institute of Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/south-east-asian-institute-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081244/https://ched.gov.ph/south-east-asian-institute-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Baptist College [https://ched.gov.ph/southern-baptist-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080649/https://ched.gov.ph/southern-baptist-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Christian College [http://southernchristiancollege.edu.ph/] * Southern Mindanao Institute of Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/southern-mindanao-institute-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081356/https://ched.gov.ph/southern-mindanao-institute-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Philippines Methodist College [https://ched.gov.ph/southern-philippines-methodist-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081307/https://ched.gov.ph/southern-philippines-methodist-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southern Philippine Technical College of Koronadal * Southpoint College of Arts and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/southpoint-college-of-arts-and-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081340/https://ched.gov.ph/southpoint-college-of-arts-and-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Alexius College [https://ched.gov.ph/st-alexius-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081345/https://ched.gov.ph/st-alexius-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Luke’s Institute [https://ched.gov.ph/st-lukes-institute-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081307/https://ched.gov.ph/st-lukes-institute-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * STI College – General Santos City [https://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=80] * STI College – Tacurong [https://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=93] * STI College – Koronadal [https://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=89] * Stratford International School [http://www.stratford.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718134159/http://stratford.edu.ph/ |date=2016-07-18 }} * Sultan Kudarat Educational Institution [https://ched.gov.ph/sultan-kudarat-educational-institution-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081342/https://ched.gov.ph/sultan-kudarat-educational-institution-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Sultan Kudarat State University [http://www.sksu.edu.ph/admin/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010163303/http://sksu.edu.ph/admin/ |date=2018-10-10 }} * Sultan Kudarat State University – Bagumbayan Campus [http://www.sksu.edu.ph/admin/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010163303/http://sksu.edu.ph/admin/ |date=2018-10-10 }} * Sultan Kudarat State University – Isulan Campus [http://www.sksu.edu.ph/admin/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010163303/http://sksu.edu.ph/admin/ |date=2018-10-10 }} * Sultan Kudarat State University – Kalamansig Campus [http://www.sksu.edu.ph/admin/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010163303/http://sksu.edu.ph/admin/ |date=2018-10-10 }} * Sultan Kudarat State University – Lutayan Campus [http://www.sksu.edu.ph/admin/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010163303/http://sksu.edu.ph/admin/ |date=2018-10-10 }} * Sultan Kudarat State University – Palimbang Campus [http://www.sksu.edu.ph/admin/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010163303/http://sksu.edu.ph/admin/ |date=2018-10-10 }} * Sultan Kudarat State University – Tacurong Campus [http://www.sksu.edu.ph/admin/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010163303/http://sksu.edu.ph/admin/ |date=2018-10-10 }} * University of Southern Mindanao [https://www.usm.edu.ph/]{{Dead link|date=Disyembre 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * University of Southern Mindanao – Kidapawan City Campus [https://www.usm.edu.ph/]{{Dead link|date=Disyembre 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Villamor College of Business and Arts [https://ched.gov.ph/villamor-college-business-arts-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080703/https://ched.gov.ph/villamor-college-business-arts-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * VMC Asian College Foundation, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/vmc-asian-college-foundation-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080707/https://ched.gov.ph/vmc-asian-college-foundation-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * West Celebes College of Technology, Inc [https://ched.gov.ph/west-celebes-college-technology-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081059/https://ched.gov.ph/west-celebes-college-technology-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} == CARAGA == * ACLC College Of Butuan City, Inc. [http://www.aclcbutuan.edu.ph/] * Agusan Colleges, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/agusan-colleges-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081315/https://ched.gov.ph/agusan-colleges-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Agusan Del Sur College, Inc. [http://agusandelsurcollege.com/] * Agusan Del Sur State College Of Agriculture And Technology [http://asscat.edu.ph/] * Andres Soriano Colleges of Bislig [http://ascofbislig.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627224642/https://ascofbislig.com/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Asian College Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/asian-college-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081313/https://ched.gov.ph/asian-college-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Balite Institute of Technology-Butuan [https://ched.gov.ph/balite-institute-of-technology-butuan/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081318/https://ched.gov.ph/balite-institute-of-technology-butuan/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Bucas Grande Foundation College [https://ched.gov.ph/bucas-grande-foundation-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080542/https://ched.gov.ph/bucas-grande-foundation-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Butuan City Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/butuan-city-colleges/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081353/https://ched.gov.ph/butuan-city-colleges/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Butuan Doctors’ College [https://ched.gov.ph/butuan-doctors-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081348/https://ched.gov.ph/butuan-doctors-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Candelaria Institute Of Cabadbaran, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/candelaria-institute-cabadbaran-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081350/https://ched.gov.ph/candelaria-institute-cabadbaran-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Caraga Institute Of Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/caraga-institute-of-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081409/https://ched.gov.ph/caraga-institute-of-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Caraga State University – Cabadbaran Campus [http://www.carsu.edu.ph/] * Caraga State University – Main [http://www.carsu.edu.ph/] * De La Salle John Bosco College [http://www.dlsjbc.edu.ph/] * Don Jose Ecleo Memorial Foundation College Of Science And Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/don-jose-ecleo-memorial-foundation-college-of-science-and-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081310/https://ched.gov.ph/don-jose-ecleo-memorial-foundation-college-of-science-and-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Elisa R. Ochoa Memorial Northern Mindanao School Of Midwifery [https://ched.gov.ph/elisa-r-ochoa-memorial-northern-mindanao-school-midwifery-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080911/https://ched.gov.ph/elisa-r-ochoa-memorial-northern-mindanao-school-midwifery-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Father Saturnino Urios University [http://www.urios.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200427195856/http://www.urios.edu.ph/ |date=2020-04-27 }} * Holy Child Colleges Of Butuan [https://ched.gov.ph/holy-child-colleges-butuan-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081401/https://ched.gov.ph/holy-child-colleges-butuan-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Merchant Marine Academy of Caraga [https://ched.gov.ph/merchant-marine-academy-of-caraga-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081404/https://ched.gov.ph/merchant-marine-academy-of-caraga-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mt. Carmel College Of San Francisco, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/mt-carmel-college-san-francisco-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081401/https://ched.gov.ph/mt-carmel-college-san-francisco-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northeastern Mindanao Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/northeastern-mindanao-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081404/https://ched.gov.ph/northeastern-mindanao-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northern Mindanao Colleges, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/northern-mindanao-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081101/https://ched.gov.ph/northern-mindanao-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northwestern Agusan Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/northwestern-agusan-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081358/https://ched.gov.ph/northwestern-agusan-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Philippine Electronics And Communication Institute Of Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-electronics-communication-institute-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081412/https://ched.gov.ph/philippine-electronics-communication-institute-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Philippine Normal University – Mindanao [https://www.pnumindanao.com/] * Saint Francis Xavier College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-francis-xavier-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081406/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-francis-xavier-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Joseph Institute Of Technology [http://www.sjit.edu.ph/] * Saint Michael College [http://www.smccantilan.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080401/http://www.smccantilan.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Michael College Of Caraga [http://www.smccnasipit.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207111935/http://www.smccnasipit.edu.ph/ |date=2020-02-07 }} * Saint Peter College Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-peter-college-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081221/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-peter-college-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Theresa College Of Tandag, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-theresa-college-tandag-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080913/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-theresa-college-tandag-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Vincent De Paul Diocesan College [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-vincent-de-paul-diocesan-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081415/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-vincent-de-paul-diocesan-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * San Francisco Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/san-francisco-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081418/https://ched.gov.ph/san-francisco-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Siargao Island Institute Of Technology [http://www.siit.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130313143205/http://www.siit.edu.ph/ |date=2013-03-13 }} * Southern Technological Institute Of The Philippines, Inc. [https://stipbislig.webs.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080328/https://stipbislig.webs.com/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southway College Of Technology [http://socotech.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904094119/https://socotech.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Jude Thaddeus Institute of Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/st-jude-thaddeus-institute-of-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081334/https://ched.gov.ph/st-jude-thaddeus-institute-of-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Paul University Surigao [http://www.spusedu.com/] * STI College – San Francisco [https://www.sti.edu/] * STI College – Surigao [https://www.sti.edu/] * Surigao Del Sur State University – Cagwait Campus [http://www.sdssu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701155725/https://www.sdssu.edu.ph/ |date=2023-07-01 }} * Surigao Del Sur State University – Cantilan Campus [http://www.sdssu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701155725/https://www.sdssu.edu.ph/ |date=2023-07-01 }} * Surigao Del Sur State University – Lianga Campus [http://www.sdssu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701155725/https://www.sdssu.edu.ph/ |date=2023-07-01 }} * Surigao Del Sur State University – Main [http://www.sdssu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701155725/https://www.sdssu.edu.ph/ |date=2023-07-01 }} * Surigao Del Sur State University – San Miguel Campus [http://www.sdssu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701155725/https://www.sdssu.edu.ph/ |date=2023-07-01 }} * Surigao Del Sur State University – Tagbina Campus [http://www.sdssu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701155725/https://www.sdssu.edu.ph/ |date=2023-07-01 }} * Surigao Doctors’ College [https://ched.gov.ph/surigao-doctors-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081326/https://ched.gov.ph/surigao-doctors-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Surigao Education Center [http://www.sec.edu.ph/index.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904093513/https://www.sec.edu.ph/index.html |date=2021-09-04 }} * Surigao State College Of Technology – Del Carmen Campus [http://ssct.edu.ph/ssctweb/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524154617/http://ssct.edu.ph/ssctweb/ |date=2019-05-24 }} * Surigao State College Of Technology – Main [http://ssct.edu.ph/ssctweb/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524154617/http://ssct.edu.ph/ssctweb/ |date=2019-05-24 }} * Surigao State College Of Technology – Mainit Campus [http://ssct.edu.ph/ssctweb/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524154617/http://ssct.edu.ph/ssctweb/ |date=2019-05-24 }} * Surigao State College Of Technology – Malimono Campus [http://ssct.edu.ph/ssctweb/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190524154617/http://ssct.edu.ph/ssctweb/ |date=2019-05-24 }} * Surigao Sur Colleges, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/surigao-sur-colleges-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080712/https://ched.gov.ph/surigao-sur-colleges-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of Southeastern Philippines-Bislig Campus [http://www.usep.edu.ph/] == CAR == * Abra State Institute of Science and Technology- Bangued [http://www.asist.edu.ph/] * Abra State Institute of Science and Technology- Lagangilang [http://www.asist.edu.ph/] * Abra Valley Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/abra-valley-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081423/https://ched.gov.ph/abra-valley-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * AMA Computer College-Baguio [http://www.ama.edu.ph/contact/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080516/https://www.ama.edu.ph/contact/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Apayao State College-Conner [http://www.asc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225042/http://www.asc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Apayao State College-Luna [http://www.asc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225042/http://www.asc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Baguio Central University [http://bcu.edu.ph/] * Baguio City Academy Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/baguio-city-academy-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080715/https://ched.gov.ph/baguio-city-academy-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Baguio Cornerstone Mediary International College [https://ched.gov.ph/baguio-cornerstone-mediary-international-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081104/https://ched.gov.ph/baguio-cornerstone-mediary-international-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Baguio Colleges of Technology [http://bct.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080328/http://bct.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Benguet State University-Bokod [http://www.bsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330131210/http://www.bsu.edu.ph/ |date=2023-03-30 }} * Benguet State University-Buguias [http://www.bsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330131210/http://www.bsu.edu.ph/ |date=2023-03-30 }} * Benguet State University-Main [http://www.bsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330131210/http://www.bsu.edu.ph/ |date=2023-03-30 }} * Benguet State University-Open University [http://www.bsu.edu.ph/ou] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191227125039/http://www.bsu.edu.ph/ou |date=2019-12-27 }} * BSBT College [https://ched.gov.ph/bsbt-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081321/https://ched.gov.ph/bsbt-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * BVS Colleges [https://ched.gov.ph/bvs-colleges-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081431/https://ched.gov.ph/bvs-colleges-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Casiciaco Recoletos Seminary [https://www.recoletosdebaguio.edu.ph/] * Concordia College of Benguet [http://concordia.edu.ph/] * Cordillera A+ Computer Technology College [https://ched.gov.ph/cordillera-computer-technology-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080916/https://ched.gov.ph/cordillera-computer-technology-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Cordillera Career Development College [http://ccdc.edu.ph/] * Data Center of the Philippines of Baguio City, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/data-center-philippines-baguio-city-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080710/https://ched.gov.ph/data-center-philippines-baguio-city-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Data Center of the Philippines of Bangued, Abra [https://ched.gov.ph/data-center-philippines-bangued-abra-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081332/https://ched.gov.ph/data-center-philippines-bangued-abra-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Divine Word College of Bangued [https://ched.gov.ph/divine-word-college-bangued-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081420/https://ched.gov.ph/divine-word-college-bangued-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Easter College, Inc. [http://www.eastercollege.ph/recent/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229163647/http://www.eastercollege.ph/recent/ |date=2019-12-29 }} * Ifugao State University-Aguinaldo [http://ifsu.edu.ph/aguinaldo/] * Ifugao State University-Hapao [http://ifsu.edu.ph/hapao/] * Ifugao State University-Lagawe [http://ifsu.edu.ph/about/campuses/lagawe/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721114041/http://ifsu.edu.ph/about/campuses/lagawe/ |date=2018-07-21 }} * Ifugao State University-Main [http://ifsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080543/https://ifsu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Ifugao State University-Potia [http://ifsu.edu.ph/about/campuses/potia/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724224337/http://ifsu.edu.ph/about/campuses/potia/ |date=2018-07-24 }} * Ifugao State University-Tinoc [http://ifsu.edu.ph/about/campuses/tinoc/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723010643/http://ifsu.edu.ph/about/campuses/tinoc/ |date=2018-07-23 }} * International School of Asia and the Pacific [https://ched.gov.ph/international-school-asia-pacific-profile-2/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081329/https://ched.gov.ph/international-school-asia-pacific-profile-2/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Kalinga State University-Dagupan [http://www.ksu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814043102/https://ksu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-08-14 }} * Kalinga State University-Main [http://www.ksu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814043102/https://ksu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-08-14 }} * Kalinga State University-Rizal [http://www.ksu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814043102/https://ksu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-08-14 }} * Kalinga Colleges of Science and Technology [https://ched.gov.ph/kalinga-colleges-science-technology-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081426/https://ched.gov.ph/kalinga-colleges-science-technology-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Keystone College, Inc. [https://ched.gov.ph/keystone-college-inc-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081323/https://ched.gov.ph/keystone-college-inc-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * King’s College of the Philippines [http://kcp.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904094645/https://kcp.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mt. Province State Polytechnic College-Main [http://mpspc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627224439/https://mpspc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Mt. Province State Polytechnic College-Tadian [http://mpspc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627224439/https://mpspc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Philippine College of Ministry [http://www.pcm.ph/] * Philippine Military Academy [http://www.pma.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010302162749/http://www.pma.ph/ |date=2001-03-02 }} * Philippine Nazarene College [http://philnazcollege.edu.ph/] * Philippine Women’s University-CDCEC [https://www.pwu.edu.ph/cdcec.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080326/https://www.pwu.edu.ph/cdcec.html |date=2021-09-04 }} * Pines City Colleges [http://www.pcc.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080330/http://www.pcc.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Louis College of Bulanao [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-louis-college-bulanao-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081428/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-louis-college-bulanao-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Louis University [http://www.slu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920071143/https://www.slu.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-20 }} * Saint Tonis College [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-tonis-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081435/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-tonis-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * San Pablo Major Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/san-pablo-major-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081224/https://ched.gov.ph/san-pablo-major-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * STI College – Baguio [http://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=21] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218072442/http://sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=21 |date=2017-12-18 }} * Theological Foundation for Asia (Asia Pacific Theological Seminary) [https://apts.edu/] * University of Baguio [https://www.ubaguio.edu/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904045157/https://ubaguio.edu/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of the Cordilleras [http://www.uc-bcf.edu.ph/] * University of the Philippines Baguio [https://www.upb.edu.ph/] * Xijen College of Mt. Province [https://ched.gov.ph/xijen-college-mt-province-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080545/https://ched.gov.ph/xijen-college-mt-province-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} == NIR == * ABE International College of Business and Economics, Bacolod City [http://www.abe.edu.ph/bacolod/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627224630/http://abe.edu.ph/bacolod/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * AMA Computer College Bacolod [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * AMA Computer College-Dumaguete [http://www.ama.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918052446/https://www.ama.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-18 }} * Asian College of Science and Technology-Dumaguete [http://www.asiancollege.edu.ph/] * Binalbagan Catholic College [https://ched.gov.ph/binalbagan-catholic-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081443/https://ched.gov.ph/binalbagan-catholic-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Cabarrus Catholic College [https://ched.gov.ph/cabarrus-catholic-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081340/https://ched.gov.ph/cabarrus-catholic-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Alijis Campus [http://www.chmsc.edu.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=53&Itemid=196] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080339/http://www.chmsc.edu.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=53&Itemid=196 |date=2021-09-04 }} * Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Bacolod Campus [http://www.chmsc.edu.ph/] * Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Binalbagan Campus [http://www.chmsc.edu.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59&Itemid=198] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080356/http://www.chmsc.edu.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59&Itemid=198 |date=2021-09-04 }} * Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Fortune Towne Campus [http://www.chmsc.edu.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=92&Itemid=197] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080332/http://www.chmsc.edu.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=92&Itemid=197 |date=2021-09-04 }} * Carlos Hilado Memorial State College, Main Campus [http://www.chmsc.edu.ph/] * Central Philippine Adventist College [http://www.cpac.edu.ph/] * Central Philippines State University, Candoni Campus [http://www.cpsu.edu.ph/cpsu/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117094014/http://www.cpsu.edu.ph/cpsu/ |date=2017-11-17 }} * Central Philippines State University, Cauayan Campus [http://www.cpsu.edu.ph/cpsu/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117094014/http://www.cpsu.edu.ph/cpsu/ |date=2017-11-17 }} * Central Philippines State University, Hinigaran Campus [http://www.cpsu.edu.ph/cpsu/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117094014/http://www.cpsu.edu.ph/cpsu/ |date=2017-11-17 }} * Central Philippines State University, Hinobaan Campus [http://www.cpsu.edu.ph/cpsu/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117094014/http://www.cpsu.edu.ph/cpsu/ |date=2017-11-17 }} * Central Philippines State University, Ilog Campus [http://www.cpsu.edu.ph/cpsu/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117094014/http://www.cpsu.edu.ph/cpsu/ |date=2017-11-17 }} * Central Philippines State University, Main Campus [http://www.cpsu.edu.ph/cpsu/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117094014/http://www.cpsu.edu.ph/cpsu/ |date=2017-11-17 }} * Central Philippines State University, Moises Padilla Campus [http://www.cpsu.edu.ph/cpsu/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117094014/http://www.cpsu.edu.ph/cpsu/ |date=2017-11-17 }} * Central Philippines State University, San Carlos Campus [http://www.cpsu.edu.ph/cpsu/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117094014/http://www.cpsu.edu.ph/cpsu/ |date=2017-11-17 }} * Central Philippines State University, Sipalay Campus [http://www.cpsu.edu.ph/cpsu/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117094014/http://www.cpsu.edu.ph/cpsu/ |date=2017-11-17 }} * Central Philippines State University, Victorias Campus [http://www.cpsu.edu.ph/cpsu/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117094014/http://www.cpsu.edu.ph/cpsu/ |date=2017-11-17 }} * Colegio de Santa Catalina de Alejandria [https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-santa-catalina-de-alejandria-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080808/https://ched.gov.ph/colegio-de-santa-catalina-de-alejandria-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio de Sta. Ana de Victorias [http://www.colegiodestaanadevictorias.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080335/https://www.colegiodestaanadevictorias.com/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Colegio San Agustin – Bacolod [http://www.csab.edu.ph/portal/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225759/http://www.csab.edu.ph/portal/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * Convention Baptist Bible College [https://ched.gov.ph/convention-baptist-bible-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080718/https://ched.gov.ph/convention-baptist-bible-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Diaz College [https://ched.gov.ph/diaz-college-profile-2/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081345/https://ched.gov.ph/diaz-college-profile-2/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Fellowship Baptist College [https://ched.gov.ph/fellowship-baptist-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081107/https://ched.gov.ph/fellowship-baptist-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Foundation University [https://foundationu.com/] * John B. Lacson Colleges Foundation (Bacolod) [http://www.jblcf-bacolod.edu.ph/courses.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504015444/http://www.jblcf-bacolod.edu.ph/courses.php |date=2018-05-04 }} * Kabankalan Catholic College [http://kabankalan-catholic-college.16mb.com/]{{Dead link|date=Oktubre 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * La Consolacion College – Bais [https://ched.gov.ph/la-consolacion-college-bais-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080852/https://ched.gov.ph/la-consolacion-college-bais-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * La Consolacion College, Isabela [https://ched.gov.ph/la-consolacion-college-isabela-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081440/https://ched.gov.ph/la-consolacion-college-isabela-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * La Consolacion College-Bacolod [http://lcc.edu.ph/] * Mater Dei College of the Marian Missionaries of the Holy Cross [http://www.mmhc.com.ph/directory.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223143135/http://www.mmhc.com.ph/directory.html |date=2020-02-23 }} * Maxino College [https://ched.gov.ph/maxino-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081437/https://ched.gov.ph/maxino-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Metro Dumaguete College [https://ched.gov.ph/metro-dumaguete-college-profile-2/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081343/https://ched.gov.ph/metro-dumaguete-college-profile-2/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Mount Carmel College [https://ched.gov.ph/mount-carmel-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081337/https://ched.gov.ph/mount-carmel-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Negros College [https://ched.gov.ph/negros-college-profile-2/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080548/https://ched.gov.ph/negros-college-profile-2/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Negros Maritime Foundation [https://ched.gov.ph/negros-maritime-foundation-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081446/https://ched.gov.ph/negros-maritime-foundation-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Negros Oriental State University – Bayawan [http://www.norsu.edu.ph/content/Campus/9.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505185514/http://norsu.edu.ph/content/Campus/9.html |date=2019-05-05 }} * Negros Oriental State University- Bis I [http://www.norsu.edu.ph/content/Campus/8.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905202930/http://www.norsu.edu.ph/content/Campus/8.html |date=2019-09-05 }} * Negros Oriental State University -Bais II [http://www.norsu.edu.ph/content/Campus/8.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905202930/http://www.norsu.edu.ph/content/Campus/8.html |date=2019-09-05 }} * Negros Oriental State University-Guihulngan [http://www.norsu.edu.ph/content/Campus/10.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505185438/http://norsu.edu.ph/content/Campus/10.html |date=2019-05-05 }} * Negros Oriental State University-Mabinay [http://www.norsu.edu.ph/content/Campus/11.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505185443/http://norsu.edu.ph/content/Campus/11.html |date=2019-05-05 }} * Negros Oriental State University-Main [http://www.norsu.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050826074632/http://www.norsu.edu.ph/ |date=2005-08-26 }} * Negros Oriental State University-Siaton [http://www.norsu.edu.ph/content/Campus/13.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190505185453/http://norsu.edu.ph/content/Campus/13.html |date=2019-05-05 }} * North Negros College [https://ched.gov.ph/north-negros-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080551/https://ched.gov.ph/north-negros-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Northern Negros State College of Science and Technology, Cadiz Campus [https://www.nonescost.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920233419/https://nonescost.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-20 }} * Northern Negros State College of Science and Technology, Calatrava Campus [https://www.nonescost.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920233419/https://nonescost.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-20 }} * Northern Negros State College of Science and Technology, Escalante Campus [https://www.nonescost.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920233419/https://nonescost.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-20 }} * Northern Negros State College of Science and Technology, Main Campus [https://www.nonescost.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920233419/https://nonescost.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-20 }} * Philippine Normal University-Cadiz [https://www.pnu.edu.ph/pnu-visayas/] * Presbyterian Theological College [https://ched.gov.ph/presbyterian-theological-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081351/https://ched.gov.ph/presbyterian-theological-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Riverside College [https://ched.gov.ph/riverside-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080921/https://ched.gov.ph/riverside-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Sacred Heart Seminary (Bacolod) School of Philosophy [https://ched.gov.ph/sacred-heart-seminary-bacolod-school-philosophy-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081454/https://ched.gov.ph/sacred-heart-seminary-bacolod-school-philosophy-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Saint Francis College- Guihulngan [https://saintfranciscollegeguihulngan.weebly.com/] * Saint Joseph College of Canlaon [https://ched.gov.ph/saint-joseph-college-canlaon-profile-2/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080723/https://ched.gov.ph/saint-joseph-college-canlaon-profile-2/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Silay Institute [http://silayinstitute.edu.ph/] * Silliman University [http://su.edu.ph/] * Southern Negros College [https://ched.gov.ph/southern-negros-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081109/https://ched.gov.ph/southern-negros-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Southland College of Kabankalan City [http://southlandcollege.edu.ph/main/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210627225708/http://southlandcollege.edu.ph/main/ |date=2021-06-27 }} * St. John Mary Vianney Seminary [https://ched.gov.ph/st-john-mary-vianney-seminary-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080720/https://ched.gov.ph/st-john-mary-vianney-seminary-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Joseph Seminary College [https://ched.gov.ph/st-joseph-seminary-college-profile-2/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081457/https://ched.gov.ph/st-joseph-seminary-college-profile-2/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * St. Paul University Dumaguete [http://www.spud.edu.ph/] * STI College Dumaguete [http://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=73#.WhuEXUqWaUk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218072931/http://sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=73#.WhuEXUqWaUk |date=2017-12-18 }} * STI College – Bacolod [https://www.sti.edu/default.asp#.WhuEx0qWaUk] * STI West Negros University [http://www.sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=97#.WhuE4kqWaUk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218073044/http://sti.edu/campuses.asp?campus_id=97#.WhuE4kqWaUk |date=2017-12-18 }} * Tañon College [https://ched.gov.ph/tanon-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080918/https://ched.gov.ph/tanon-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * Technological University of the Philippines, Visayas-Talisay [https://ched.gov.ph/technological-university-philippines-visayas-talisay-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904081348/https://ched.gov.ph/technological-university-philippines-visayas-talisay-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * University of Negros Occidental – Recoletos [http://www.uno-r.edu.ph/] * University of St. La Salle [http://www.usls.edu.ph/] * Villaflores College [https://ched.gov.ph/villaflores-college-profile/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904080650/https://ched.gov.ph/villaflores-college-profile/ |date=2021-09-04 }} * VMA Global College & Training Center [http://www.vma.edu.ph/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904093038/https://www.vma.edu.ph/ |date=2021-09-04 }} == Tingnan din == * [[Kagawaran ng Edukasyon (Pilipinas)|Kagawaran ng Edukasyon]] * [[Komisyon sa Mas Mataas na Edukasyon]] == Mga sanggunian == [[Kaurian:Unibersidad at kolehiyo sa Pilipinas| ]] p75xsjnu2ykcxpfcz4vlgm3pdtd6tbb 0 4886 2210278 2210083 2026-06-04T00:14:17Z Jojit fb 38 /* Kaganapan */ 2210278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} Ang '''1921 ('''[[Bilang na Romano|MCMXXI]]) ay isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Sabado sa [[Kalendaryong Gregoryano|kalendaryong Gregoriyano]] at isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Biyernes sa kalendaryong Huliyano. Ito ang ika-1921 taon ng [[Karaniwang Panahon (kalendaryong Gregoryano)|Karaniwang Panahon]] (''Common Era'' o CE) at ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD), ika-921 taon ng ika-2 milenyo, ika-21 taon ng [[ika-20 dantaon]], at ika-2 taon ng dekada 1920. Sa pagsisimula ng taong 1921, ang Kalendaryong Gregoriyano ay may lamang na 13 araw kumpara sa kalendaryong Huliyano, na nanatiling ginagamit sa ilang lugar hanggang 1923. == Kaganapan == * [[Enero 2]] – Ang barkong pampasaherong [[Espanya|Espanyol]] na ''Santa Isabel'' ay nabiyak sa dalawa at lumubog sa [[baybayin]] ng Villa García, [[Mehiko]] na ikinamatay ng 244 sa 300 kataong sakay nito. ==Kapanganakan== == Kamatayan == [[Kategorya:Taon]] 3ylhghmlyrg8mt7g8f4ql50fsm4iba4 2210279 2210278 2026-06-04T00:14:44Z Jojit fb 38 2210279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} Ang '''1921 ('''[[Bilang na Romano|MCMXXI]]) ay isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Sabado sa [[Kalendaryong Gregoryano|kalendaryong Gregoriyano]] at isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Biyernes sa kalendaryong Huliyano. Ito ang ika-1921 taon ng [[Karaniwang Panahon (kalendaryong Gregoryano)|Karaniwang Panahon]] (''Common Era'' o CE) at ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD), ika-921 taon ng ika-2 milenyo, ika-21 taon ng [[ika-20 dantaon]], at ika-2 taon ng dekada 1920. Sa pagsisimula ng taong 1921, ang Kalendaryong Gregoriyano ay may lamang na 13 araw kumpara sa kalendaryong Huliyano, na nanatiling ginagamit sa ilang lugar hanggang 1923. == Kaganapan == * [[Enero 2]] – Ang barkong pampasaherong [[Espanya|Espanyol]] na ''Santa Isabel'' ay nabiyak sa dalawa at lumubog sa [[baybayin]] ng Villa García, [[Mehiko]] na ikinamatay ng 244 sa 300 kataong sakay nito. ==Kapanganakan== == Kamatayan == ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Taon]] 2ozdp6oijq8ms5tmueumf0i1u0czxrz 2210280 2210279 2026-06-04T00:15:44Z Jojit fb 38 /* Kaganapan */ 2210280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} Ang '''1921 ('''[[Bilang na Romano|MCMXXI]]) ay isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Sabado sa [[Kalendaryong Gregoryano|kalendaryong Gregoriyano]] at isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Biyernes sa kalendaryong Huliyano. Ito ang ika-1921 taon ng [[Karaniwang Panahon (kalendaryong Gregoryano)|Karaniwang Panahon]] (''Common Era'' o CE) at ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD), ika-921 taon ng ika-2 milenyo, ika-21 taon ng [[ika-20 dantaon]], at ika-2 taon ng dekada 1920. Sa pagsisimula ng taong 1921, ang Kalendaryong Gregoriyano ay may lamang na 13 araw kumpara sa kalendaryong Huliyano, na nanatiling ginagamit sa ilang lugar hanggang 1923. == Kaganapan == * [[Enero 2]] – Ang barkong pampasaherong [[Espanya|Espanyol]] na ''Santa Isabel'' ay nabiyak sa dalawa at lumubog sa [[baybayin]] ng Villa García, [[Mehiko]] na ikinamatay ng 244 sa 300 kataong sakay nito.<ref name="Times050121a">{{cite news |date=5 Enero 1921 |title=Santa Isabel disaster |language=en |page=9 |newspaper=The Times |issue=42610}}</ref> ==Kapanganakan== == Kamatayan == ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Taon]] mpxdivyuegk8a7ehbzx3cc8rhtayfew 2210281 2210280 2026-06-04T00:20:06Z Jojit fb 38 /* Kapanganakan */ 2210281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} Ang '''1921 ('''[[Bilang na Romano|MCMXXI]]) ay isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Sabado sa [[Kalendaryong Gregoryano|kalendaryong Gregoriyano]] at isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Biyernes sa kalendaryong Huliyano. Ito ang ika-1921 taon ng [[Karaniwang Panahon (kalendaryong Gregoryano)|Karaniwang Panahon]] (''Common Era'' o CE) at ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD), ika-921 taon ng ika-2 milenyo, ika-21 taon ng [[ika-20 dantaon]], at ika-2 taon ng dekada 1920. Sa pagsisimula ng taong 1921, ang Kalendaryong Gregoriyano ay may lamang na 13 araw kumpara sa kalendaryong Huliyano, na nanatiling ginagamit sa ilang lugar hanggang 1923. == Kaganapan == * [[Enero 2]] – Ang barkong pampasaherong [[Espanya|Espanyol]] na ''Santa Isabel'' ay nabiyak sa dalawa at lumubog sa [[baybayin]] ng Villa García, [[Mehiko]] na ikinamatay ng 244 sa 300 kataong sakay nito.<ref name="Times050121a">{{cite news |date=5 Enero 1921 |title=Santa Isabel disaster |language=en |page=9 |newspaper=The Times |issue=42610}}</ref> ==Kapanganakan== * [[Alexander Dubček]] * [[Carlos Angeles]] * [[Paddy Roy Bates]] * [[Aring Bautista]] * [[Charles Bronson]] * [[Paulo Campos]] * [[David Consunji]] * [[Matimtiman Cruz]] * [[Ramon d'Salva]] * [[Damiana Eugenio]] * [[Betty Friedan]] * [[James Lindenberg]] * [[John Glenn]] * [[Mario Lanza]] * [[Marianne Grunberg-Manago]] * [[Mary Jackson]] * [[Miguel I ng Rumanya]] * [[Yoichiro Nambu]] * [[Prinsipe Philip, Duke ng Edinburgh]] * [[Satyajit Ray]] * [[Nancy Reagan]] * [[Jaime de la Rosa]] * [[Jane Russell]] * [[Suharto]] == Kamatayan == ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Taon]] tb5eoz7wlzn8l11eq3ee3x76ewqlhbb 2210282 2210281 2026-06-04T00:21:51Z Jojit fb 38 /* Kamatayan */ 2210282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} Ang '''1921 ('''[[Bilang na Romano|MCMXXI]]) ay isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Sabado sa [[Kalendaryong Gregoryano|kalendaryong Gregoriyano]] at isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Biyernes sa kalendaryong Huliyano. Ito ang ika-1921 taon ng [[Karaniwang Panahon (kalendaryong Gregoryano)|Karaniwang Panahon]] (''Common Era'' o CE) at ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD), ika-921 taon ng ika-2 milenyo, ika-21 taon ng [[ika-20 dantaon]], at ika-2 taon ng dekada 1920. Sa pagsisimula ng taong 1921, ang Kalendaryong Gregoriyano ay may lamang na 13 araw kumpara sa kalendaryong Huliyano, na nanatiling ginagamit sa ilang lugar hanggang 1923. == Kaganapan == * [[Enero 2]] – Ang barkong pampasaherong [[Espanya|Espanyol]] na ''Santa Isabel'' ay nabiyak sa dalawa at lumubog sa [[baybayin]] ng Villa García, [[Mehiko]] na ikinamatay ng 244 sa 300 kataong sakay nito.<ref name="Times050121a">{{cite news |date=5 Enero 1921 |title=Santa Isabel disaster |language=en |page=9 |newspaper=The Times |issue=42610}}</ref> ==Kapanganakan== * [[Alexander Dubček]] * [[Carlos Angeles]] * [[Paddy Roy Bates]] * [[Aring Bautista]] * [[Charles Bronson]] * [[Paulo Campos]] * [[David Consunji]] * [[Matimtiman Cruz]] * [[Ramon d'Salva]] * [[Damiana Eugenio]] * [[Betty Friedan]] * [[James Lindenberg]] * [[John Glenn]] * [[Mario Lanza]] * [[Marianne Grunberg-Manago]] * [[Mary Jackson]] * [[Miguel I ng Rumanya]] * [[Yoichiro Nambu]] * [[Prinsipe Philip, Duke ng Edinburgh]] * [[Satyajit Ray]] * [[Nancy Reagan]] * [[Jaime de la Rosa]] * [[Jane Russell]] * [[Suharto]] == Kamatayan == * [[Hilaria Aguinaldo]] * [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] * [[Enrico Caruso]] * [[Hara Takashi]] * [[Gabriel Lippmann]] * [[Carl Menger]] * [[Oliver Bosbyshell]] * [[Pascual Poblete]] * [[Pyotr Kropotkin]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Taon]] 0hu6cvr96b4zjioua7yvurcq8f1fs09 2210283 2210282 2026-06-04T00:22:34Z Jojit fb 38 added [[Category:1921]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 2210283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} Ang '''1921 ('''[[Bilang na Romano|MCMXXI]]) ay isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Sabado sa [[Kalendaryong Gregoryano|kalendaryong Gregoriyano]] at isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Biyernes sa kalendaryong Huliyano. Ito ang ika-1921 taon ng [[Karaniwang Panahon (kalendaryong Gregoryano)|Karaniwang Panahon]] (''Common Era'' o CE) at ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD), ika-921 taon ng ika-2 milenyo, ika-21 taon ng [[ika-20 dantaon]], at ika-2 taon ng dekada 1920. Sa pagsisimula ng taong 1921, ang Kalendaryong Gregoriyano ay may lamang na 13 araw kumpara sa kalendaryong Huliyano, na nanatiling ginagamit sa ilang lugar hanggang 1923. == Kaganapan == * [[Enero 2]] – Ang barkong pampasaherong [[Espanya|Espanyol]] na ''Santa Isabel'' ay nabiyak sa dalawa at lumubog sa [[baybayin]] ng Villa García, [[Mehiko]] na ikinamatay ng 244 sa 300 kataong sakay nito.<ref name="Times050121a">{{cite news |date=5 Enero 1921 |title=Santa Isabel disaster |language=en |page=9 |newspaper=The Times |issue=42610}}</ref> ==Kapanganakan== * [[Alexander Dubček]] * [[Carlos Angeles]] * [[Paddy Roy Bates]] * [[Aring Bautista]] * [[Charles Bronson]] * [[Paulo Campos]] * [[David Consunji]] * [[Matimtiman Cruz]] * [[Ramon d'Salva]] * [[Damiana Eugenio]] * [[Betty Friedan]] * [[James Lindenberg]] * [[John Glenn]] * [[Mario Lanza]] * [[Marianne Grunberg-Manago]] * [[Mary Jackson]] * [[Miguel I ng Rumanya]] * [[Yoichiro Nambu]] * [[Prinsipe Philip, Duke ng Edinburgh]] * [[Satyajit Ray]] * [[Nancy Reagan]] * [[Jaime de la Rosa]] * [[Jane Russell]] * [[Suharto]] == Kamatayan == * [[Hilaria Aguinaldo]] * [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] * [[Enrico Caruso]] * [[Hara Takashi]] * [[Gabriel Lippmann]] * [[Carl Menger]] * [[Oliver Bosbyshell]] * [[Pascual Poblete]] * [[Pyotr Kropotkin]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Taon]] [[Kategorya:1921]] 5tpwk1o7vkxvzh2xr8zp5gy11opjilp 2210303 2210283 2026-06-04T05:12:56Z Jojit fb 38 /* Kaganapan */ 2210303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} Ang '''1921 ('''[[Bilang na Romano|MCMXXI]]) ay isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Sabado sa [[Kalendaryong Gregoryano|kalendaryong Gregoriyano]] at isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Biyernes sa kalendaryong Huliyano. Ito ang ika-1921 taon ng [[Karaniwang Panahon (kalendaryong Gregoryano)|Karaniwang Panahon]] (''Common Era'' o CE) at ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD), ika-921 taon ng ika-2 milenyo, ika-21 taon ng [[ika-20 dantaon]], at ika-2 taon ng dekada 1920. Sa pagsisimula ng taong 1921, ang Kalendaryong Gregoriyano ay may lamang na 13 araw kumpara sa kalendaryong Huliyano, na nanatiling ginagamit sa ilang lugar hanggang 1923. == Kaganapan == * [[Enero 2]] – Ang barkong pampasaherong [[Espanya|Espanyol]] na ''Santa Isabel'' ay nabiyak sa dalawa at lumubog sa [[baybayin]] ng Villa García, [[Mehiko]] na ikinamatay ng 244 sa 300 kataong sakay nito.<ref name="Times050121a">{{cite news |date=5 Enero 1921 |title=Santa Isabel disaster |language=en |page=9 |newspaper=The Times |issue=42610}}</ref> * [[Enero 16]] – Idinaos ng [[Marxismo|Marxistang]] Kaliwa sa [[Slovakia|Slobakiya]] at [[Ukranya|Ukranyang]] Transkarpatiyano ang nagtatag nitong kongreso sa Ľubochňa. ==Kapanganakan== * [[Alexander Dubček]] * [[Carlos Angeles]] * [[Paddy Roy Bates]] * [[Aring Bautista]] * [[Charles Bronson]] * [[Paulo Campos]] * [[David Consunji]] * [[Matimtiman Cruz]] * [[Ramon d'Salva]] * [[Damiana Eugenio]] * [[Betty Friedan]] * [[James Lindenberg]] * [[John Glenn]] * [[Mario Lanza]] * [[Marianne Grunberg-Manago]] * [[Mary Jackson]] * [[Miguel I ng Rumanya]] * [[Yoichiro Nambu]] * [[Prinsipe Philip, Duke ng Edinburgh]] * [[Satyajit Ray]] * [[Nancy Reagan]] * [[Jaime de la Rosa]] * [[Jane Russell]] * [[Suharto]] == Kamatayan == * [[Hilaria Aguinaldo]] * [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] * [[Enrico Caruso]] * [[Hara Takashi]] * [[Gabriel Lippmann]] * [[Carl Menger]] * [[Oliver Bosbyshell]] * [[Pascual Poblete]] * [[Pyotr Kropotkin]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Taon]] [[Kategorya:1921]] gth9qqmnmjdjlmysti0mhvvw2j3uv6g 2210304 2210303 2026-06-04T05:13:34Z Jojit fb 38 /* Kaganapan */ 2210304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} Ang '''1921 ('''[[Bilang na Romano|MCMXXI]]) ay isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Sabado sa [[Kalendaryong Gregoryano|kalendaryong Gregoriyano]] at isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Biyernes sa kalendaryong Huliyano. Ito ang ika-1921 taon ng [[Karaniwang Panahon (kalendaryong Gregoryano)|Karaniwang Panahon]] (''Common Era'' o CE) at ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD), ika-921 taon ng ika-2 milenyo, ika-21 taon ng [[ika-20 dantaon]], at ika-2 taon ng dekada 1920. Sa pagsisimula ng taong 1921, ang Kalendaryong Gregoriyano ay may lamang na 13 araw kumpara sa kalendaryong Huliyano, na nanatiling ginagamit sa ilang lugar hanggang 1923. == Kaganapan == * [[Enero 2]] – Ang barkong pampasaherong [[Espanya|Espanyol]] na ''Santa Isabel'' ay nabiyak sa dalawa at lumubog sa [[baybayin]] ng Villa García, [[Mehiko]] na ikinamatay ng 244 sa 300 kataong sakay nito.<ref name="Times050121a">{{cite news |date=5 Enero 1921 |title=Santa Isabel disaster |language=en |page=9 |newspaper=The Times |issue=42610}}</ref> * [[Enero 16]] – Idinaos ng [[Marxismo|Marxistang]] Kaliwa sa [[Slovakia|Slobakiya]] at [[Ukranya|Ukranyang]] Transkarpatiyano ang nagtatag nitong kongreso sa Ľubochňa.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Yeshayahu A. Jelinek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8dnAAAAMAAJ |title=The Lust for Power: Nationalism, Slovakia, and the Communists, 1918-1948 |author2=Yešaʻyāhû Yelîneq |author3=Yeshayahu Jelinek |publisher=East European Monographs |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-88033-019-0 |page=7 |language=en}}</ref> ==Kapanganakan== * [[Alexander Dubček]] * [[Carlos Angeles]] * [[Paddy Roy Bates]] * [[Aring Bautista]] * [[Charles Bronson]] * [[Paulo Campos]] * [[David Consunji]] * [[Matimtiman Cruz]] * [[Ramon d'Salva]] * [[Damiana Eugenio]] * [[Betty Friedan]] * [[James Lindenberg]] * [[John Glenn]] * [[Mario Lanza]] * [[Marianne Grunberg-Manago]] * [[Mary Jackson]] * [[Miguel I ng Rumanya]] * [[Yoichiro Nambu]] * [[Prinsipe Philip, Duke ng Edinburgh]] * [[Satyajit Ray]] * [[Nancy Reagan]] * [[Jaime de la Rosa]] * [[Jane Russell]] * [[Suharto]] == Kamatayan == * [[Hilaria Aguinaldo]] * [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] * [[Enrico Caruso]] * [[Hara Takashi]] * [[Gabriel Lippmann]] * [[Carl Menger]] * [[Oliver Bosbyshell]] * [[Pascual Poblete]] * [[Pyotr Kropotkin]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Taon]] [[Kategorya:1921]] pizo9p3c0qarqc5e5cl41kd5k74nfp8 2210307 2210304 2026-06-04T05:18:12Z Jojit fb 38 /* Kaganapan */ 2210307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} Ang '''1921 ('''[[Bilang na Romano|MCMXXI]]) ay isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Sabado sa [[Kalendaryong Gregoryano|kalendaryong Gregoriyano]] at isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Biyernes sa kalendaryong Huliyano. Ito ang ika-1921 taon ng [[Karaniwang Panahon (kalendaryong Gregoryano)|Karaniwang Panahon]] (''Common Era'' o CE) at ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD), ika-921 taon ng ika-2 milenyo, ika-21 taon ng [[ika-20 dantaon]], at ika-2 taon ng dekada 1920. Sa pagsisimula ng taong 1921, ang Kalendaryong Gregoriyano ay may lamang na 13 araw kumpara sa kalendaryong Huliyano, na nanatiling ginagamit sa ilang lugar hanggang 1923. == Kaganapan == * [[Enero 2]] – Ang barkong pampasaherong [[Espanya|Espanyol]] na ''Santa Isabel'' ay nabiyak sa dalawa at lumubog sa [[baybayin]] ng Villa García, [[Mehiko]] na ikinamatay ng 244 sa 300 kataong sakay nito.<ref name="Times050121a">{{cite news |date=5 Enero 1921 |title=Santa Isabel disaster |language=en |page=9 |newspaper=The Times |issue=42610}}</ref> * [[Enero 16]] – Idinaos ng [[Marxismo|Marxistang]] Kaliwa sa [[Slovakia|Slobakiya]] at [[Ukranya|Ukranyang]] Transkarpatiyano ang nagtatag nitong kongreso sa Ľubochňa.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Yeshayahu A. Jelinek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8dnAAAAMAAJ |title=The Lust for Power: Nationalism, Slovakia, and the Communists, 1918-1948 |author2=Yešaʻyāhû Yelîneq |author3=Yeshayahu Jelinek |publisher=East European Monographs |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-88033-019-0 |page=7 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Hulyo 1]] ** Itinatag ang [[Partido Komunista ng Tsina|Partidong Komunista ng Tsina]]. ** Ibinigay ang kauna-unahang pagbabakuna ng [[Bakunang BCG|BCG]] laban sa [[tuberkulosis]] sa [[Paris]], [[Pransiya]]; isang bagong silang na sanggol ang tumanggap nito. ==Kapanganakan== * [[Alexander Dubček]] * [[Carlos Angeles]] * [[Paddy Roy Bates]] * [[Aring Bautista]] * [[Charles Bronson]] * [[Paulo Campos]] * [[David Consunji]] * [[Matimtiman Cruz]] * [[Ramon d'Salva]] * [[Damiana Eugenio]] * [[Betty Friedan]] * [[James Lindenberg]] * [[John Glenn]] * [[Mario Lanza]] * [[Marianne Grunberg-Manago]] * [[Mary Jackson]] * [[Miguel I ng Rumanya]] * [[Yoichiro Nambu]] * [[Prinsipe Philip, Duke ng Edinburgh]] * [[Satyajit Ray]] * [[Nancy Reagan]] * [[Jaime de la Rosa]] * [[Jane Russell]] * [[Suharto]] == Kamatayan == * [[Hilaria Aguinaldo]] * [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] * [[Enrico Caruso]] * [[Hara Takashi]] * [[Gabriel Lippmann]] * [[Carl Menger]] * [[Oliver Bosbyshell]] * [[Pascual Poblete]] * [[Pyotr Kropotkin]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Taon]] [[Kategorya:1921]] rcn65caui7n5youi688tog17eh36l7i 2210308 2210307 2026-06-04T05:18:44Z Jojit fb 38 /* Kaganapan */ 2210308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} Ang '''1921 ('''[[Bilang na Romano|MCMXXI]]) ay isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Sabado sa [[Kalendaryong Gregoryano|kalendaryong Gregoriyano]] at isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Biyernes sa kalendaryong Huliyano. Ito ang ika-1921 taon ng [[Karaniwang Panahon (kalendaryong Gregoryano)|Karaniwang Panahon]] (''Common Era'' o CE) at ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD), ika-921 taon ng ika-2 milenyo, ika-21 taon ng [[ika-20 dantaon]], at ika-2 taon ng dekada 1920. Sa pagsisimula ng taong 1921, ang Kalendaryong Gregoriyano ay may lamang na 13 araw kumpara sa kalendaryong Huliyano, na nanatiling ginagamit sa ilang lugar hanggang 1923. == Kaganapan == * [[Enero 2]] – Ang barkong pampasaherong [[Espanya|Espanyol]] na ''Santa Isabel'' ay nabiyak sa dalawa at lumubog sa [[baybayin]] ng Villa García, [[Mehiko]] na ikinamatay ng 244 sa 300 kataong sakay nito.<ref name="Times050121a">{{cite news |date=5 Enero 1921 |title=Santa Isabel disaster |language=en |page=9 |newspaper=The Times |issue=42610}}</ref> * [[Enero 16]] – Idinaos ng [[Marxismo|Marxistang]] Kaliwa sa [[Slovakia|Slobakiya]] at [[Ukranya|Ukranyang]] Transkarpatiyano ang nagtatag nitong kongreso sa Ľubochňa.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Yeshayahu A. Jelinek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8dnAAAAMAAJ |title=The Lust for Power: Nationalism, Slovakia, and the Communists, 1918-1948 |author2=Yešaʻyāhû Yelîneq |author3=Yeshayahu Jelinek |publisher=East European Monographs |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-88033-019-0 |page=7 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Hulyo 1]] ** Itinatag ang [[Partido Komunista ng Tsina|Partidong Komunista ng Tsina]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pv5WAAAAMAAJ |title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |year=1996 |page=D-2 |language=en}}</ref> ** Ibinigay ang kauna-unahang pagbabakuna ng [[Bakunang BCG|BCG]] laban sa [[tuberkulosis]] sa [[Paris]], [[Pransiya]]; isang bagong silang na sanggol ang tumanggap nito. ==Kapanganakan== * [[Alexander Dubček]] * [[Carlos Angeles]] * [[Paddy Roy Bates]] * [[Aring Bautista]] * [[Charles Bronson]] * [[Paulo Campos]] * [[David Consunji]] * [[Matimtiman Cruz]] * [[Ramon d'Salva]] * [[Damiana Eugenio]] * [[Betty Friedan]] * [[James Lindenberg]] * [[John Glenn]] * [[Mario Lanza]] * [[Marianne Grunberg-Manago]] * [[Mary Jackson]] * [[Miguel I ng Rumanya]] * [[Yoichiro Nambu]] * [[Prinsipe Philip, Duke ng Edinburgh]] * [[Satyajit Ray]] * [[Nancy Reagan]] * [[Jaime de la Rosa]] * [[Jane Russell]] * [[Suharto]] == Kamatayan == * [[Hilaria Aguinaldo]] * [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] * [[Enrico Caruso]] * [[Hara Takashi]] * [[Gabriel Lippmann]] * [[Carl Menger]] * [[Oliver Bosbyshell]] * [[Pascual Poblete]] * [[Pyotr Kropotkin]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Taon]] [[Kategorya:1921]] qbcxqlqu3oavmxvqktfilln4sfguq7k 2210309 2210308 2026-06-04T05:19:06Z Jojit fb 38 /* Kaganapan */ 2210309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} Ang '''1921 ('''[[Bilang na Romano|MCMXXI]]) ay isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Sabado sa [[Kalendaryong Gregoryano|kalendaryong Gregoriyano]] at isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Biyernes sa kalendaryong Huliyano. Ito ang ika-1921 taon ng [[Karaniwang Panahon (kalendaryong Gregoryano)|Karaniwang Panahon]] (''Common Era'' o CE) at ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD), ika-921 taon ng ika-2 milenyo, ika-21 taon ng [[ika-20 dantaon]], at ika-2 taon ng dekada 1920. Sa pagsisimula ng taong 1921, ang Kalendaryong Gregoriyano ay may lamang na 13 araw kumpara sa kalendaryong Huliyano, na nanatiling ginagamit sa ilang lugar hanggang 1923. == Kaganapan == * [[Enero 2]] – Ang barkong pampasaherong [[Espanya|Espanyol]] na ''Santa Isabel'' ay nabiyak sa dalawa at lumubog sa [[baybayin]] ng Villa García, [[Mehiko]] na ikinamatay ng 244 sa 300 kataong sakay nito.<ref name="Times050121a">{{cite news |date=5 Enero 1921 |title=Santa Isabel disaster |language=en |page=9 |newspaper=The Times |issue=42610}}</ref> * [[Enero 16]] – Idinaos ng [[Marxismo|Marxistang]] Kaliwa sa [[Slovakia|Slobakiya]] at [[Ukranya|Ukranyang]] Transkarpatiyano ang nagtatag nitong kongreso sa Ľubochňa.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Yeshayahu A. Jelinek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8dnAAAAMAAJ |title=The Lust for Power: Nationalism, Slovakia, and the Communists, 1918-1948 |author2=Yešaʻyāhû Yelîneq |author3=Yeshayahu Jelinek |publisher=East European Monographs |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-88033-019-0 |page=7 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Hulyo 1]] ** Itinatag ang [[Partido Komunista ng Tsina|Partidong Komunista ng Tsina]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pv5WAAAAMAAJ |title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |year=1996 |page=D-2 |language=en}}</ref> ** Ibinigay ang kauna-unahang pagbabakuna ng [[Bakunang BCG|BCG]] laban sa [[tuberkulosis]] sa [[Paris]], [[Pransiya]]; isang bagong silang na sanggol ang tumanggap nito.<ref>{{cite book |author=Unesco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEFPAQAAIAAJ |title=The Unesco Courier |publisher=UNESCO |year=1964 |page=11 |language=en}}</ref> ==Kapanganakan== * [[Alexander Dubček]] * [[Carlos Angeles]] * [[Paddy Roy Bates]] * [[Aring Bautista]] * [[Charles Bronson]] * [[Paulo Campos]] * [[David Consunji]] * [[Matimtiman Cruz]] * [[Ramon d'Salva]] * [[Damiana Eugenio]] * [[Betty Friedan]] * [[James Lindenberg]] * [[John Glenn]] * [[Mario Lanza]] * [[Marianne Grunberg-Manago]] * [[Mary Jackson]] * [[Miguel I ng Rumanya]] * [[Yoichiro Nambu]] * [[Prinsipe Philip, Duke ng Edinburgh]] * [[Satyajit Ray]] * [[Nancy Reagan]] * [[Jaime de la Rosa]] * [[Jane Russell]] * [[Suharto]] == Kamatayan == * [[Hilaria Aguinaldo]] * [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] * [[Enrico Caruso]] * [[Hara Takashi]] * [[Gabriel Lippmann]] * [[Carl Menger]] * [[Oliver Bosbyshell]] * [[Pascual Poblete]] * [[Pyotr Kropotkin]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Taon]] [[Kategorya:1921]] 6bdjd2dof555kbki8naunnq4fm452aw 2210310 2210309 2026-06-04T05:24:32Z Jojit fb 38 /* Kaganapan */ 2210310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} Ang '''1921 ('''[[Bilang na Romano|MCMXXI]]) ay isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Sabado sa [[Kalendaryong Gregoryano|kalendaryong Gregoriyano]] at isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Biyernes sa kalendaryong Huliyano. Ito ang ika-1921 taon ng [[Karaniwang Panahon (kalendaryong Gregoryano)|Karaniwang Panahon]] (''Common Era'' o CE) at ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD), ika-921 taon ng ika-2 milenyo, ika-21 taon ng [[ika-20 dantaon]], at ika-2 taon ng dekada 1920. Sa pagsisimula ng taong 1921, ang Kalendaryong Gregoriyano ay may lamang na 13 araw kumpara sa kalendaryong Huliyano, na nanatiling ginagamit sa ilang lugar hanggang 1923. == Kaganapan == * [[Enero 2]] – Ang barkong pampasaherong [[Espanya|Espanyol]] na ''Santa Isabel'' ay nabiyak sa dalawa at lumubog sa [[baybayin]] ng Villa García, [[Mehiko]] na ikinamatay ng 244 sa 300 kataong sakay nito.<ref name="Times050121a">{{cite news |date=5 Enero 1921 |title=Santa Isabel disaster |language=en |page=9 |newspaper=The Times |issue=42610}}</ref> * [[Enero 16]] – Idinaos ng [[Marxismo|Marxistang]] Kaliwa sa [[Slovakia|Slobakiya]] at [[Ukranya|Ukranyang]] Transkarpatiyano ang nagtatag nitong kongreso sa Ľubochňa.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Yeshayahu A. Jelinek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8dnAAAAMAAJ |title=The Lust for Power: Nationalism, Slovakia, and the Communists, 1918-1948 |author2=Yešaʻyāhû Yelîneq |author3=Yeshayahu Jelinek |publisher=East European Monographs |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-88033-019-0 |page=7 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Enero 21]] – Ipinalabas sa [[Estados Unidos]] ang buong-habang pelikulang tahimik na komedya-drama na ''The Kid'', na isinulat, ginawa, idinirehe, at pinagbidahan ni [[Charlie Chaplin]] bilang kanyang karakter na Tramp, kasama si Jackie Coogan. * [[Hulyo 1]] ** Itinatag ang [[Partido Komunista ng Tsina|Partidong Komunista ng Tsina]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pv5WAAAAMAAJ |title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |year=1996 |page=D-2 |language=en}}</ref> ** Ibinigay ang kauna-unahang pagbabakuna ng [[Bakunang BCG|BCG]] laban sa [[tuberkulosis]] sa [[Paris]], [[Pransiya]]; isang bagong silang na sanggol ang tumanggap nito.<ref>{{cite book |author=Unesco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEFPAQAAIAAJ |title=The Unesco Courier |publisher=UNESCO |year=1964 |page=11 |language=en}}</ref> ==Kapanganakan== * [[Alexander Dubček]] * [[Carlos Angeles]] * [[Paddy Roy Bates]] * [[Aring Bautista]] * [[Charles Bronson]] * [[Paulo Campos]] * [[David Consunji]] * [[Matimtiman Cruz]] * [[Ramon d'Salva]] * [[Damiana Eugenio]] * [[Betty Friedan]] * [[James Lindenberg]] * [[John Glenn]] * [[Mario Lanza]] * [[Marianne Grunberg-Manago]] * [[Mary Jackson]] * [[Miguel I ng Rumanya]] * [[Yoichiro Nambu]] * [[Prinsipe Philip, Duke ng Edinburgh]] * [[Satyajit Ray]] * [[Nancy Reagan]] * [[Jaime de la Rosa]] * [[Jane Russell]] * [[Suharto]] == Kamatayan == * [[Hilaria Aguinaldo]] * [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] * [[Enrico Caruso]] * [[Hara Takashi]] * [[Gabriel Lippmann]] * [[Carl Menger]] * [[Oliver Bosbyshell]] * [[Pascual Poblete]] * [[Pyotr Kropotkin]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Taon]] [[Kategorya:1921]] 7ymib5501u9210iz98ytpwt6pj8s0ap 2210311 2210310 2026-06-04T05:25:07Z Jojit fb 38 /* Kaganapan */ 2210311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} Ang '''1921 ('''[[Bilang na Romano|MCMXXI]]) ay isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Sabado sa [[Kalendaryong Gregoryano|kalendaryong Gregoriyano]] at isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Biyernes sa kalendaryong Huliyano. Ito ang ika-1921 taon ng [[Karaniwang Panahon (kalendaryong Gregoryano)|Karaniwang Panahon]] (''Common Era'' o CE) at ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD), ika-921 taon ng ika-2 milenyo, ika-21 taon ng [[ika-20 dantaon]], at ika-2 taon ng dekada 1920. Sa pagsisimula ng taong 1921, ang Kalendaryong Gregoriyano ay may lamang na 13 araw kumpara sa kalendaryong Huliyano, na nanatiling ginagamit sa ilang lugar hanggang 1923. == Kaganapan == * [[Enero 2]] – Ang barkong pampasaherong [[Espanya|Espanyol]] na ''Santa Isabel'' ay nabiyak sa dalawa at lumubog sa [[baybayin]] ng Villa García, [[Mehiko]] na ikinamatay ng 244 sa 300 kataong sakay nito.<ref name="Times050121a">{{cite news |date=5 Enero 1921 |title=Santa Isabel disaster |language=en |page=9 |newspaper=The Times |issue=42610}}</ref> * [[Enero 16]] – Idinaos ng [[Marxismo|Marxistang]] Kaliwa sa [[Slovakia|Slobakiya]] at [[Ukranya|Ukranyang]] Transkarpatiyano ang nagtatag nitong kongreso sa Ľubochňa.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Yeshayahu A. Jelinek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8dnAAAAMAAJ |title=The Lust for Power: Nationalism, Slovakia, and the Communists, 1918-1948 |author2=Yešaʻyāhû Yelîneq |author3=Yeshayahu Jelinek |publisher=East European Monographs |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-88033-019-0 |page=7 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Enero 21]] – Ipinalabas sa [[Estados Unidos]] ang buong-habang pelikulang tahimik na komedya-drama na ''The Kid'', na isinulat, ginawa, idinirehe, at pinagbidahan ni [[Charlie Chaplin]] bilang kanyang karakter na Tramp, kasama si Jackie Coogan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Enero 21, 1921 |title=Chaplin has rival in smart infant; he's Jackie Coogan |language=en |pages=15 |work=New York Daily News}}</ref> * [[Hulyo 1]] ** Itinatag ang [[Partido Komunista ng Tsina|Partidong Komunista ng Tsina]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pv5WAAAAMAAJ |title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |year=1996 |page=D-2 |language=en}}</ref> ** Ibinigay ang kauna-unahang pagbabakuna ng [[Bakunang BCG|BCG]] laban sa [[tuberkulosis]] sa [[Paris]], [[Pransiya]]; isang bagong silang na sanggol ang tumanggap nito.<ref>{{cite book |author=Unesco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEFPAQAAIAAJ |title=The Unesco Courier |publisher=UNESCO |year=1964 |page=11 |language=en}}</ref> ==Kapanganakan== * [[Alexander Dubček]] * [[Carlos Angeles]] * [[Paddy Roy Bates]] * [[Aring Bautista]] * [[Charles Bronson]] * [[Paulo Campos]] * [[David Consunji]] * [[Matimtiman Cruz]] * [[Ramon d'Salva]] * [[Damiana Eugenio]] * [[Betty Friedan]] * [[James Lindenberg]] * [[John Glenn]] * [[Mario Lanza]] * [[Marianne Grunberg-Manago]] * [[Mary Jackson]] * [[Miguel I ng Rumanya]] * [[Yoichiro Nambu]] * [[Prinsipe Philip, Duke ng Edinburgh]] * [[Satyajit Ray]] * [[Nancy Reagan]] * [[Jaime de la Rosa]] * [[Jane Russell]] * [[Suharto]] == Kamatayan == * [[Hilaria Aguinaldo]] * [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] * [[Enrico Caruso]] * [[Hara Takashi]] * [[Gabriel Lippmann]] * [[Carl Menger]] * [[Oliver Bosbyshell]] * [[Pascual Poblete]] * [[Pyotr Kropotkin]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Taon]] [[Kategorya:1921]] 8f8gik1m5oyqagn8zqd9uty29h7o85l 2210312 2210311 2026-06-04T05:27:16Z Jojit fb 38 /* Kaganapan */ 2210312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} Ang '''1921 ('''[[Bilang na Romano|MCMXXI]]) ay isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Sabado sa [[Kalendaryong Gregoryano|kalendaryong Gregoriyano]] at isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Biyernes sa kalendaryong Huliyano. Ito ang ika-1921 taon ng [[Karaniwang Panahon (kalendaryong Gregoryano)|Karaniwang Panahon]] (''Common Era'' o CE) at ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD), ika-921 taon ng ika-2 milenyo, ika-21 taon ng [[ika-20 dantaon]], at ika-2 taon ng dekada 1920. Sa pagsisimula ng taong 1921, ang Kalendaryong Gregoriyano ay may lamang na 13 araw kumpara sa kalendaryong Huliyano, na nanatiling ginagamit sa ilang lugar hanggang 1923. == Kaganapan == * [[Enero 2]] – Ang barkong pampasaherong [[Espanya|Espanyol]] na ''Santa Isabel'' ay nabiyak sa dalawa at lumubog sa [[baybayin]] ng Villa García, [[Mehiko]] na ikinamatay ng 244 sa 300 kataong sakay nito.<ref name="Times050121a">{{cite news |date=5 Enero 1921 |title=Santa Isabel disaster |language=en |page=9 |newspaper=The Times |issue=42610}}</ref> * [[Enero 16]] – Idinaos ng [[Marxismo|Marxistang]] Kaliwa sa [[Slovakia|Slobakiya]] at [[Ukranya|Ukranyang]] Transkarpatiyano ang nagtatag nitong kongreso sa Ľubochňa.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Yeshayahu A. Jelinek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8dnAAAAMAAJ |title=The Lust for Power: Nationalism, Slovakia, and the Communists, 1918-1948 |author2=Yešaʻyāhû Yelîneq |author3=Yeshayahu Jelinek |publisher=East European Monographs |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-88033-019-0 |page=7 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Enero 21]] – Ipinalabas sa [[Estados Unidos]] ang buong-habang pelikulang tahimik na komedya-drama na ''The Kid'', na isinulat, ginawa, idinirehe, at pinagbidahan ni [[Charlie Chaplin]] bilang kanyang karakter na Tramp, kasama si Jackie Coogan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Enero 21, 1921 |title=Chaplin has rival in smart infant; he's Jackie Coogan |language=en |pages=15 |work=New York Daily News}}</ref> * [[Marso 6]] – Pinilit ng mga [[Kapangyarihang Alyados (Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig)|Kaalyadong Kapangyarihan]] ang [[Alemanya]] na magbayad ng danyos-pinsala sa digmaan * [[Hulyo 1]] ** Itinatag ang [[Partido Komunista ng Tsina|Partidong Komunista ng Tsina]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pv5WAAAAMAAJ |title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |year=1996 |page=D-2 |language=en}}</ref> ** Ibinigay ang kauna-unahang pagbabakuna ng [[Bakunang BCG|BCG]] laban sa [[tuberkulosis]] sa [[Paris]], [[Pransiya]]; isang bagong silang na sanggol ang tumanggap nito.<ref>{{cite book |author=Unesco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEFPAQAAIAAJ |title=The Unesco Courier |publisher=UNESCO |year=1964 |page=11 |language=en}}</ref> ==Kapanganakan== * [[Alexander Dubček]] * [[Carlos Angeles]] * [[Paddy Roy Bates]] * [[Aring Bautista]] * [[Charles Bronson]] * [[Paulo Campos]] * [[David Consunji]] * [[Matimtiman Cruz]] * [[Ramon d'Salva]] * [[Damiana Eugenio]] * [[Betty Friedan]] * [[James Lindenberg]] * [[John Glenn]] * [[Mario Lanza]] * [[Marianne Grunberg-Manago]] * [[Mary Jackson]] * [[Miguel I ng Rumanya]] * [[Yoichiro Nambu]] * [[Prinsipe Philip, Duke ng Edinburgh]] * [[Satyajit Ray]] * [[Nancy Reagan]] * [[Jaime de la Rosa]] * [[Jane Russell]] * [[Suharto]] == Kamatayan == * [[Hilaria Aguinaldo]] * [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] * [[Enrico Caruso]] * [[Hara Takashi]] * [[Gabriel Lippmann]] * [[Carl Menger]] * [[Oliver Bosbyshell]] * [[Pascual Poblete]] * [[Pyotr Kropotkin]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Taon]] [[Kategorya:1921]] 6761i2278mb0qtpcwnfvc926tb0t46p 2210313 2210312 2026-06-04T05:27:50Z Jojit fb 38 /* Kaganapan */ 2210313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} Ang '''1921 ('''[[Bilang na Romano|MCMXXI]]) ay isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Sabado sa [[Kalendaryong Gregoryano|kalendaryong Gregoriyano]] at isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Biyernes sa kalendaryong Huliyano. Ito ang ika-1921 taon ng [[Karaniwang Panahon (kalendaryong Gregoryano)|Karaniwang Panahon]] (''Common Era'' o CE) at ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD), ika-921 taon ng ika-2 milenyo, ika-21 taon ng [[ika-20 dantaon]], at ika-2 taon ng dekada 1920. Sa pagsisimula ng taong 1921, ang Kalendaryong Gregoriyano ay may lamang na 13 araw kumpara sa kalendaryong Huliyano, na nanatiling ginagamit sa ilang lugar hanggang 1923. == Kaganapan == * [[Enero 2]] – Ang barkong pampasaherong [[Espanya|Espanyol]] na ''Santa Isabel'' ay nabiyak sa dalawa at lumubog sa [[baybayin]] ng Villa García, [[Mehiko]] na ikinamatay ng 244 sa 300 kataong sakay nito.<ref name="Times050121a">{{cite news |date=5 Enero 1921 |title=Santa Isabel disaster |language=en |page=9 |newspaper=The Times |issue=42610}}</ref> * [[Enero 16]] – Idinaos ng [[Marxismo|Marxistang]] Kaliwa sa [[Slovakia|Slobakiya]] at [[Ukranya|Ukranyang]] Transkarpatiyano ang nagtatag nitong kongreso sa Ľubochňa.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Yeshayahu A. Jelinek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8dnAAAAMAAJ |title=The Lust for Power: Nationalism, Slovakia, and the Communists, 1918-1948 |author2=Yešaʻyāhû Yelîneq |author3=Yeshayahu Jelinek |publisher=East European Monographs |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-88033-019-0 |page=7 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Enero 21]] – Ipinalabas sa [[Estados Unidos]] ang buong-habang pelikulang tahimik na komedya-drama na ''The Kid'', na isinulat, ginawa, idinirehe, at pinagbidahan ni [[Charlie Chaplin]] bilang kanyang karakter na Tramp, kasama si Jackie Coogan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Enero 21, 1921 |title=Chaplin has rival in smart infant; he's Jackie Coogan |language=en |pages=15 |work=New York Daily News}}</ref> * [[Marso 6]] – Pinilit ng mga [[Kapangyarihang Alyados (Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig)|Kaalyadong Kapangyarihan]] ang [[Alemanya]] na magbayad ng danyos-pinsala sa digmaan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Marso 7, 1921 |title=PENALTIES TO BE PUT INTO EFFECT |language=en |pages=1 |work=Glendale Daily Press |url=https://archive.org/details/cgl_001450/mode/1up}}</ref> * [[Hulyo 1]] ** Itinatag ang [[Partido Komunista ng Tsina|Partidong Komunista ng Tsina]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pv5WAAAAMAAJ |title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |year=1996 |page=D-2 |language=en}}</ref> ** Ibinigay ang kauna-unahang pagbabakuna ng [[Bakunang BCG|BCG]] laban sa [[tuberkulosis]] sa [[Paris]], [[Pransiya]]; isang bagong silang na sanggol ang tumanggap nito.<ref>{{cite book |author=Unesco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEFPAQAAIAAJ |title=The Unesco Courier |publisher=UNESCO |year=1964 |page=11 |language=en}}</ref> ==Kapanganakan== * [[Alexander Dubček]] * [[Carlos Angeles]] * [[Paddy Roy Bates]] * [[Aring Bautista]] * [[Charles Bronson]] * [[Paulo Campos]] * [[David Consunji]] * [[Matimtiman Cruz]] * [[Ramon d'Salva]] * [[Damiana Eugenio]] * [[Betty Friedan]] * [[James Lindenberg]] * [[John Glenn]] * [[Mario Lanza]] * [[Marianne Grunberg-Manago]] * [[Mary Jackson]] * [[Miguel I ng Rumanya]] * [[Yoichiro Nambu]] * [[Prinsipe Philip, Duke ng Edinburgh]] * [[Satyajit Ray]] * [[Nancy Reagan]] * [[Jaime de la Rosa]] * [[Jane Russell]] * [[Suharto]] == Kamatayan == * [[Hilaria Aguinaldo]] * [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] * [[Enrico Caruso]] * [[Hara Takashi]] * [[Gabriel Lippmann]] * [[Carl Menger]] * [[Oliver Bosbyshell]] * [[Pascual Poblete]] * [[Pyotr Kropotkin]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Taon]] [[Kategorya:1921]] 0liuz4m38eac0baojouj7lbaifdnxmu 2210327 2210313 2026-06-04T08:19:01Z Jojit fb 38 /* Kaganapan */ 2210327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} Ang '''1921 ('''[[Bilang na Romano|MCMXXI]]) ay isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Sabado sa [[Kalendaryong Gregoryano|kalendaryong Gregoriyano]] at isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Biyernes sa kalendaryong Huliyano. Ito ang ika-1921 taon ng [[Karaniwang Panahon (kalendaryong Gregoryano)|Karaniwang Panahon]] (''Common Era'' o CE) at ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD), ika-921 taon ng ika-2 milenyo, ika-21 taon ng [[ika-20 dantaon]], at ika-2 taon ng dekada 1920. Sa pagsisimula ng taong 1921, ang Kalendaryong Gregoriyano ay may lamang na 13 araw kumpara sa kalendaryong Huliyano, na nanatiling ginagamit sa ilang lugar hanggang 1923. == Kaganapan == * [[Enero 2]] – Ang barkong pampasaherong [[Espanya|Espanyol]] na ''Santa Isabel'' ay nabiyak sa dalawa at lumubog sa [[baybayin]] ng Villa García, [[Mehiko]] na ikinamatay ng 244 sa 300 kataong sakay nito.<ref name="Times050121a">{{cite news |date=5 Enero 1921 |title=Santa Isabel disaster |language=en |page=9 |newspaper=The Times |issue=42610}}</ref> * [[Enero 16]] – Idinaos ng [[Marxismo|Marxistang]] Kaliwa sa [[Slovakia|Slobakiya]] at [[Ukranya|Ukranyang]] Transkarpatiyano ang nagtatag nitong kongreso sa Ľubochňa.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Yeshayahu A. Jelinek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8dnAAAAMAAJ |title=The Lust for Power: Nationalism, Slovakia, and the Communists, 1918-1948 |author2=Yešaʻyāhû Yelîneq |author3=Yeshayahu Jelinek |publisher=East European Monographs |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-88033-019-0 |page=7 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Enero 21]] – Ipinalabas sa [[Estados Unidos]] ang buong-habang pelikulang tahimik na komedya-drama na ''The Kid'', na isinulat, ginawa, idinirehe, at pinagbidahan ni [[Charlie Chaplin]] bilang kanyang karakter na Tramp, kasama si Jackie Coogan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Enero 21, 1921 |title=Chaplin has rival in smart infant; he's Jackie Coogan |language=en |pages=15 |work=New York Daily News}}</ref> * [[Marso 6]] – Pinilit ng mga [[Kapangyarihang Alyados (Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig)|Kaalyadong Kapangyarihan]] ang [[Alemanya]] na magbayad ng danyos-pinsala sa digmaan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Marso 7, 1921 |title=PENALTIES TO BE PUT INTO EFFECT |language=en |pages=1 |work=Glendale Daily Press |url=https://archive.org/details/cgl_001450/mode/1up}}</ref> * [[Hulyo 1]] ** Itinatag ang [[Partido Komunista ng Tsina|Partidong Komunista ng Tsina]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pv5WAAAAMAAJ |title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |year=1996 |page=D-2 |language=en}}</ref> ** Ibinigay ang kauna-unahang pagbabakuna ng [[Bakunang BCG|BCG]] laban sa [[tuberkulosis]] sa [[Paris]], [[Pransiya]]; isang bagong silang na sanggol ang tumanggap nito.<ref>{{cite book |author=Unesco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEFPAQAAIAAJ |title=The Unesco Courier |publisher=UNESCO |year=1964 |page=11 |language=en}}</ref> *[[Oktubre 15]] – Nailuklok si Mayor-Heneral [[Leonard Wood]] bilang [[Mga Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas|Gobernador-Heneral]] ng [[Pilipinas]]. ==Kapanganakan== * [[Alexander Dubček]] * [[Carlos Angeles]] * [[Paddy Roy Bates]] * [[Aring Bautista]] * [[Charles Bronson]] * [[Paulo Campos]] * [[David Consunji]] * [[Matimtiman Cruz]] * [[Ramon d'Salva]] * [[Damiana Eugenio]] * [[Betty Friedan]] * [[James Lindenberg]] * [[John Glenn]] * [[Mario Lanza]] * [[Marianne Grunberg-Manago]] * [[Mary Jackson]] * [[Miguel I ng Rumanya]] * [[Yoichiro Nambu]] * [[Prinsipe Philip, Duke ng Edinburgh]] * [[Satyajit Ray]] * [[Nancy Reagan]] * [[Jaime de la Rosa]] * [[Jane Russell]] * [[Suharto]] == Kamatayan == * [[Hilaria Aguinaldo]] * [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] * [[Enrico Caruso]] * [[Hara Takashi]] * [[Gabriel Lippmann]] * [[Carl Menger]] * [[Oliver Bosbyshell]] * [[Pascual Poblete]] * [[Pyotr Kropotkin]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Taon]] [[Kategorya:1921]] s5dcop2jp5q907bu8xante5td16eldo 2210328 2210327 2026-06-04T08:19:23Z Jojit fb 38 /* Kaganapan */ 2210328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} Ang '''1921 ('''[[Bilang na Romano|MCMXXI]]) ay isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Sabado sa [[Kalendaryong Gregoryano|kalendaryong Gregoriyano]] at isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Biyernes sa kalendaryong Huliyano. Ito ang ika-1921 taon ng [[Karaniwang Panahon (kalendaryong Gregoryano)|Karaniwang Panahon]] (''Common Era'' o CE) at ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD), ika-921 taon ng ika-2 milenyo, ika-21 taon ng [[ika-20 dantaon]], at ika-2 taon ng dekada 1920. Sa pagsisimula ng taong 1921, ang Kalendaryong Gregoriyano ay may lamang na 13 araw kumpara sa kalendaryong Huliyano, na nanatiling ginagamit sa ilang lugar hanggang 1923. == Kaganapan == * [[Enero 2]] – Ang barkong pampasaherong [[Espanya|Espanyol]] na ''Santa Isabel'' ay nabiyak sa dalawa at lumubog sa [[baybayin]] ng Villa García, [[Mehiko]] na ikinamatay ng 244 sa 300 kataong sakay nito.<ref name="Times050121a">{{cite news |date=5 Enero 1921 |title=Santa Isabel disaster |language=en |page=9 |newspaper=The Times |issue=42610}}</ref> * [[Enero 16]] – Idinaos ng [[Marxismo|Marxistang]] Kaliwa sa [[Slovakia|Slobakiya]] at [[Ukranya|Ukranyang]] Transkarpatiyano ang nagtatag nitong kongreso sa Ľubochňa.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Yeshayahu A. Jelinek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8dnAAAAMAAJ |title=The Lust for Power: Nationalism, Slovakia, and the Communists, 1918-1948 |author2=Yešaʻyāhû Yelîneq |author3=Yeshayahu Jelinek |publisher=East European Monographs |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-88033-019-0 |page=7 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Enero 21]] – Ipinalabas sa [[Estados Unidos]] ang buong-habang pelikulang tahimik na komedya-drama na ''The Kid'', na isinulat, ginawa, idinirehe, at pinagbidahan ni [[Charlie Chaplin]] bilang kanyang karakter na Tramp, kasama si Jackie Coogan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Enero 21, 1921 |title=Chaplin has rival in smart infant; he's Jackie Coogan |language=en |pages=15 |work=New York Daily News}}</ref> * [[Marso 6]] – Pinilit ng mga [[Kapangyarihang Alyados (Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig)|Kaalyadong Kapangyarihan]] ang [[Alemanya]] na magbayad ng danyos-pinsala sa digmaan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Marso 7, 1921 |title=PENALTIES TO BE PUT INTO EFFECT |language=en |pages=1 |work=Glendale Daily Press |url=https://archive.org/details/cgl_001450/mode/1up}}</ref> * [[Hulyo 1]] ** Itinatag ang [[Partido Komunista ng Tsina|Partidong Komunista ng Tsina]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pv5WAAAAMAAJ |title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |year=1996 |page=D-2 |language=en}}</ref> ** Ibinigay ang kauna-unahang pagbabakuna ng [[Bakunang BCG|BCG]] laban sa [[tuberkulosis]] sa [[Paris]], [[Pransiya]]; isang bagong silang na sanggol ang tumanggap nito.<ref>{{cite book |author=Unesco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEFPAQAAIAAJ |title=The Unesco Courier |publisher=UNESCO |year=1964 |page=11 |language=en}}</ref> *[[Oktubre 15]] – Nailuklok si Mayor-Heneral [[Leonard Wood]] bilang [[Mga Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas|Gobernador-Heneral]] ng [[Pilipinas]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hayden |first=Ralston |date=1926-03-01 |title=The Philippines: An Experiment in Democracy |language=en |work=The Atlantic |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1926/03/the-philippines-an-experiment-in-democracy/648692/ |access-date=2026-06-04 |issn=2151-9463}}</ref> ==Kapanganakan== * [[Alexander Dubček]] * [[Carlos Angeles]] * [[Paddy Roy Bates]] * [[Aring Bautista]] * [[Charles Bronson]] * [[Paulo Campos]] * [[David Consunji]] * [[Matimtiman Cruz]] * [[Ramon d'Salva]] * [[Damiana Eugenio]] * [[Betty Friedan]] * [[James Lindenberg]] * [[John Glenn]] * [[Mario Lanza]] * [[Marianne Grunberg-Manago]] * [[Mary Jackson]] * [[Miguel I ng Rumanya]] * [[Yoichiro Nambu]] * [[Prinsipe Philip, Duke ng Edinburgh]] * [[Satyajit Ray]] * [[Nancy Reagan]] * [[Jaime de la Rosa]] * [[Jane Russell]] * [[Suharto]] == Kamatayan == * [[Hilaria Aguinaldo]] * [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] * [[Enrico Caruso]] * [[Hara Takashi]] * [[Gabriel Lippmann]] * [[Carl Menger]] * [[Oliver Bosbyshell]] * [[Pascual Poblete]] * [[Pyotr Kropotkin]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Taon]] [[Kategorya:1921]] 6pt3y4iac6d4s36cfl2j7ea25cnyvvn 2210335 2210328 2026-06-04T09:42:31Z Jojit fb 38 /* Kaganapan */ 2210335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} Ang '''1921 ('''[[Bilang na Romano|MCMXXI]]) ay isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Sabado sa [[Kalendaryong Gregoryano|kalendaryong Gregoriyano]] at isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Biyernes sa kalendaryong Huliyano. Ito ang ika-1921 taon ng [[Karaniwang Panahon (kalendaryong Gregoryano)|Karaniwang Panahon]] (''Common Era'' o CE) at ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD), ika-921 taon ng ika-2 milenyo, ika-21 taon ng [[ika-20 dantaon]], at ika-2 taon ng dekada 1920. Sa pagsisimula ng taong 1921, ang Kalendaryong Gregoriyano ay may lamang na 13 araw kumpara sa kalendaryong Huliyano, na nanatiling ginagamit sa ilang lugar hanggang 1923. == Kaganapan == * [[Enero 2]] – Ang barkong pampasaherong [[Espanya|Espanyol]] na ''Santa Isabel'' ay nabiyak sa dalawa at lumubog sa [[baybayin]] ng Villa García, [[Mehiko]] na ikinamatay ng 244 sa 300 kataong sakay nito.<ref name="Times050121a">{{cite news |date=5 Enero 1921 |title=Santa Isabel disaster |language=en |page=9 |newspaper=The Times |issue=42610}}</ref> * [[Enero 16]] – Idinaos ng [[Marxismo|Marxistang]] Kaliwa sa [[Slovakia|Slobakiya]] at [[Ukranya|Ukranyang]] Transkarpatiyano ang nagtatag nitong kongreso sa Ľubochňa.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Yeshayahu A. Jelinek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8dnAAAAMAAJ |title=The Lust for Power: Nationalism, Slovakia, and the Communists, 1918-1948 |author2=Yešaʻyāhû Yelîneq |author3=Yeshayahu Jelinek |publisher=East European Monographs |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-88033-019-0 |page=7 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Enero 21]] – Ipinalabas sa [[Estados Unidos]] ang buong-habang pelikulang tahimik na komedya-drama na ''The Kid'', na isinulat, ginawa, idinirehe, at pinagbidahan ni [[Charlie Chaplin]] bilang kanyang karakter na Tramp, kasama si Jackie Coogan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Enero 21, 1921 |title=Chaplin has rival in smart infant; he's Jackie Coogan |language=en |pages=15 |work=New York Daily News}}</ref> * [[Pebrero 12]] – Pagsalakay ng [[Pulang Hukbo]] sa [[Heorhiya]]: Nilusob ng mga puwersa ng [[Bolshevik|Bolshevikong]] [[Rusya]] ang Demokratikong Republika ng Heorhiya. * [[Marso 6]] – Pinilit ng mga [[Kapangyarihang Alyados (Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig)|Kaalyadong Kapangyarihan]] ang [[Alemanya]] na magbayad ng danyos-pinsala sa digmaan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Marso 7, 1921 |title=PENALTIES TO BE PUT INTO EFFECT |language=en |pages=1 |work=Glendale Daily Press |url=https://archive.org/details/cgl_001450/mode/1up}}</ref> * [[Hulyo 1]] ** Itinatag ang [[Partido Komunista ng Tsina|Partidong Komunista ng Tsina]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pv5WAAAAMAAJ |title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |year=1996 |page=D-2 |language=en}}</ref> ** Ibinigay ang kauna-unahang pagbabakuna ng [[Bakunang BCG|BCG]] laban sa [[tuberkulosis]] sa [[Paris]], [[Pransiya]]; isang bagong silang na sanggol ang tumanggap nito.<ref>{{cite book |author=Unesco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEFPAQAAIAAJ |title=The Unesco Courier |publisher=UNESCO |year=1964 |page=11 |language=en}}</ref> *[[Oktubre 15]] – Nailuklok si Mayor-Heneral [[Leonard Wood]] bilang [[Mga Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas|Gobernador-Heneral]] ng [[Pilipinas]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hayden |first=Ralston |date=1926-03-01 |title=The Philippines: An Experiment in Democracy |language=en |work=The Atlantic |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1926/03/the-philippines-an-experiment-in-democracy/648692/ |access-date=2026-06-04 |issn=2151-9463}}</ref> ==Kapanganakan== * [[Alexander Dubček]] * [[Carlos Angeles]] * [[Paddy Roy Bates]] * [[Aring Bautista]] * [[Charles Bronson]] * [[Paulo Campos]] * [[David Consunji]] * [[Matimtiman Cruz]] * [[Ramon d'Salva]] * [[Damiana Eugenio]] * [[Betty Friedan]] * [[James Lindenberg]] * [[John Glenn]] * [[Mario Lanza]] * [[Marianne Grunberg-Manago]] * [[Mary Jackson]] * [[Miguel I ng Rumanya]] * [[Yoichiro Nambu]] * [[Prinsipe Philip, Duke ng Edinburgh]] * [[Satyajit Ray]] * [[Nancy Reagan]] * [[Jaime de la Rosa]] * [[Jane Russell]] * [[Suharto]] == Kamatayan == * [[Hilaria Aguinaldo]] * [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] * [[Enrico Caruso]] * [[Hara Takashi]] * [[Gabriel Lippmann]] * [[Carl Menger]] * [[Oliver Bosbyshell]] * [[Pascual Poblete]] * [[Pyotr Kropotkin]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Taon]] [[Kategorya:1921]] 6ptks5f6ua3fmohp0mn0fge6u0a3kqh 2210336 2210335 2026-06-04T09:43:08Z Jojit fb 38 /* Kaganapan */ 2210336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} Ang '''1921 ('''[[Bilang na Romano|MCMXXI]]) ay isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Sabado sa [[Kalendaryong Gregoryano|kalendaryong Gregoriyano]] at isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Biyernes sa kalendaryong Huliyano. Ito ang ika-1921 taon ng [[Karaniwang Panahon (kalendaryong Gregoryano)|Karaniwang Panahon]] (''Common Era'' o CE) at ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD), ika-921 taon ng ika-2 milenyo, ika-21 taon ng [[ika-20 dantaon]], at ika-2 taon ng dekada 1920. Sa pagsisimula ng taong 1921, ang Kalendaryong Gregoriyano ay may lamang na 13 araw kumpara sa kalendaryong Huliyano, na nanatiling ginagamit sa ilang lugar hanggang 1923. == Kaganapan == * [[Enero 2]] – Ang barkong pampasaherong [[Espanya|Espanyol]] na ''Santa Isabel'' ay nabiyak sa dalawa at lumubog sa [[baybayin]] ng Villa García, [[Mehiko]] na ikinamatay ng 244 sa 300 kataong sakay nito.<ref name="Times050121a">{{cite news |date=5 Enero 1921 |title=Santa Isabel disaster |language=en |page=9 |newspaper=The Times |issue=42610}}</ref> * [[Enero 16]] – Idinaos ng [[Marxismo|Marxistang]] Kaliwa sa [[Slovakia|Slobakiya]] at [[Ukranya|Ukranyang]] Transkarpatiyano ang nagtatag nitong kongreso sa Ľubochňa.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Yeshayahu A. Jelinek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8dnAAAAMAAJ |title=The Lust for Power: Nationalism, Slovakia, and the Communists, 1918-1948 |author2=Yešaʻyāhû Yelîneq |author3=Yeshayahu Jelinek |publisher=East European Monographs |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-88033-019-0 |page=7 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Enero 21]] – Ipinalabas sa [[Estados Unidos]] ang buong-habang pelikulang tahimik na komedya-drama na ''The Kid'', na isinulat, ginawa, idinirehe, at pinagbidahan ni [[Charlie Chaplin]] bilang kanyang karakter na Tramp, kasama si Jackie Coogan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Enero 21, 1921 |title=Chaplin has rival in smart infant; he's Jackie Coogan |language=en |pages=15 |work=New York Daily News}}</ref> * [[Pebrero 12]] – Pagsalakay ng [[Pulang Hukbo]] sa [[Heorhiya]]: Nilusob ng mga puwersa ng [[Bolshevik|Bolshevikong]] [[Rusya]] ang Demokratikong Republika ng Heorhiya.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vI3JDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1428 |title=The Statesman's Year-Book 1974-75: The Encyclopaedia for the Businessman-of-the-World |date=2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-230-27103-6 |editor-last=Paxton |editor-first=John |pages=1428 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Marso 6]] – Pinilit ng mga [[Kapangyarihang Alyados (Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig)|Kaalyadong Kapangyarihan]] ang [[Alemanya]] na magbayad ng danyos-pinsala sa digmaan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Marso 7, 1921 |title=PENALTIES TO BE PUT INTO EFFECT |language=en |pages=1 |work=Glendale Daily Press |url=https://archive.org/details/cgl_001450/mode/1up}}</ref> * [[Hulyo 1]] ** Itinatag ang [[Partido Komunista ng Tsina|Partidong Komunista ng Tsina]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pv5WAAAAMAAJ |title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |year=1996 |page=D-2 |language=en}}</ref> ** Ibinigay ang kauna-unahang pagbabakuna ng [[Bakunang BCG|BCG]] laban sa [[tuberkulosis]] sa [[Paris]], [[Pransiya]]; isang bagong silang na sanggol ang tumanggap nito.<ref>{{cite book |author=Unesco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEFPAQAAIAAJ |title=The Unesco Courier |publisher=UNESCO |year=1964 |page=11 |language=en}}</ref> *[[Oktubre 15]] – Nailuklok si Mayor-Heneral [[Leonard Wood]] bilang [[Mga Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas|Gobernador-Heneral]] ng [[Pilipinas]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hayden |first=Ralston |date=1926-03-01 |title=The Philippines: An Experiment in Democracy |language=en |work=The Atlantic |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1926/03/the-philippines-an-experiment-in-democracy/648692/ |access-date=2026-06-04 |issn=2151-9463}}</ref> ==Kapanganakan== * [[Alexander Dubček]] * [[Carlos Angeles]] * [[Paddy Roy Bates]] * [[Aring Bautista]] * [[Charles Bronson]] * [[Paulo Campos]] * [[David Consunji]] * [[Matimtiman Cruz]] * [[Ramon d'Salva]] * [[Damiana Eugenio]] * [[Betty Friedan]] * [[James Lindenberg]] * [[John Glenn]] * [[Mario Lanza]] * [[Marianne Grunberg-Manago]] * [[Mary Jackson]] * [[Miguel I ng Rumanya]] * [[Yoichiro Nambu]] * [[Prinsipe Philip, Duke ng Edinburgh]] * [[Satyajit Ray]] * [[Nancy Reagan]] * [[Jaime de la Rosa]] * [[Jane Russell]] * [[Suharto]] == Kamatayan == * [[Hilaria Aguinaldo]] * [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] * [[Enrico Caruso]] * [[Hara Takashi]] * [[Gabriel Lippmann]] * [[Carl Menger]] * [[Oliver Bosbyshell]] * [[Pascual Poblete]] * [[Pyotr Kropotkin]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Taon]] [[Kategorya:1921]] 5likrv1hva71zt7nrmg5ik24vfx3cs4 2210337 2210336 2026-06-04T09:47:54Z Jojit fb 38 /* Kaganapan */ 2210337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} Ang '''1921 ('''[[Bilang na Romano|MCMXXI]]) ay isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Sabado sa [[Kalendaryong Gregoryano|kalendaryong Gregoriyano]] at isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Biyernes sa kalendaryong Huliyano. Ito ang ika-1921 taon ng [[Karaniwang Panahon (kalendaryong Gregoryano)|Karaniwang Panahon]] (''Common Era'' o CE) at ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD), ika-921 taon ng ika-2 milenyo, ika-21 taon ng [[ika-20 dantaon]], at ika-2 taon ng dekada 1920. Sa pagsisimula ng taong 1921, ang Kalendaryong Gregoriyano ay may lamang na 13 araw kumpara sa kalendaryong Huliyano, na nanatiling ginagamit sa ilang lugar hanggang 1923. == Kaganapan == * [[Enero 2]] – Ang barkong pampasaherong [[Espanya|Espanyol]] na ''Santa Isabel'' ay nabiyak sa dalawa at lumubog sa [[baybayin]] ng Villa García, [[Mehiko]] na ikinamatay ng 244 sa 300 kataong sakay nito.<ref name="Times050121a">{{cite news |date=5 Enero 1921 |title=Santa Isabel disaster |language=en |page=9 |newspaper=The Times |issue=42610}}</ref> * [[Enero 16]] – Idinaos ng [[Marxismo|Marxistang]] Kaliwa sa [[Slovakia|Slobakiya]] at [[Ukranya|Ukranyang]] Transkarpatiyano ang nagtatag nitong kongreso sa Ľubochňa.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Yeshayahu A. Jelinek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8dnAAAAMAAJ |title=The Lust for Power: Nationalism, Slovakia, and the Communists, 1918-1948 |author2=Yešaʻyāhû Yelîneq |author3=Yeshayahu Jelinek |publisher=East European Monographs |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-88033-019-0 |page=7 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Enero 21]] – Ipinalabas sa [[Estados Unidos]] ang buong-habang pelikulang tahimik na komedya-drama na ''The Kid'', na isinulat, ginawa, idinirehe, at pinagbidahan ni [[Charlie Chaplin]] bilang kanyang karakter na Tramp, kasama si Jackie Coogan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Enero 21, 1921 |title=Chaplin has rival in smart infant; he's Jackie Coogan |language=en |pages=15 |work=New York Daily News}}</ref> * [[Pebrero 12]] – Pagsalakay ng [[Pulang Hukbo]] sa [[Heorhiya]]: Nilusob ng mga puwersa ng [[Bolshevik|Bolshevikong]] [[Rusya]] ang Demokratikong Republika ng Heorhiya.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vI3JDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1428 |title=The Statesman's Year-Book 1974-75: The Encyclopaedia for the Businessman-of-the-World |date=2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-230-27103-6 |editor-last=Paxton |editor-first=John |pages=1428 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Marso 6]] – Pinilit ng mga [[Kapangyarihang Alyados (Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig)|Kaalyadong Kapangyarihan]] ang [[Alemanya]] na magbayad ng danyos-pinsala sa digmaan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Marso 7, 1921 |title=PENALTIES TO BE PUT INTO EFFECT |language=en |pages=1 |work=Glendale Daily Press |url=https://archive.org/details/cgl_001450/mode/1up}}</ref> * [[Abril 11]] – Itinatag ang Emirato ng Transjordan sa ilalim ng Mandatong [[United Kingdom|Britaniko]], at si Abdullah I ang naging [[emir]] nito. * [[Hulyo 1]] ** Itinatag ang [[Partido Komunista ng Tsina|Partidong Komunista ng Tsina]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pv5WAAAAMAAJ |title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |year=1996 |page=D-2 |language=en}}</ref> ** Ibinigay ang kauna-unahang pagbabakuna ng [[Bakunang BCG|BCG]] laban sa [[tuberkulosis]] sa [[Paris]], [[Pransiya]]; isang bagong silang na sanggol ang tumanggap nito.<ref>{{cite book |author=Unesco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEFPAQAAIAAJ |title=The Unesco Courier |publisher=UNESCO |year=1964 |page=11 |language=en}}</ref> *[[Oktubre 15]] – Nailuklok si Mayor-Heneral [[Leonard Wood]] bilang [[Mga Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas|Gobernador-Heneral]] ng [[Pilipinas]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hayden |first=Ralston |date=1926-03-01 |title=The Philippines: An Experiment in Democracy |language=en |work=The Atlantic |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1926/03/the-philippines-an-experiment-in-democracy/648692/ |access-date=2026-06-04 |issn=2151-9463}}</ref> ==Kapanganakan== * [[Alexander Dubček]] * [[Carlos Angeles]] * [[Paddy Roy Bates]] * [[Aring Bautista]] * [[Charles Bronson]] * [[Paulo Campos]] * [[David Consunji]] * [[Matimtiman Cruz]] * [[Ramon d'Salva]] * [[Damiana Eugenio]] * [[Betty Friedan]] * [[James Lindenberg]] * [[John Glenn]] * [[Mario Lanza]] * [[Marianne Grunberg-Manago]] * [[Mary Jackson]] * [[Miguel I ng Rumanya]] * [[Yoichiro Nambu]] * [[Prinsipe Philip, Duke ng Edinburgh]] * [[Satyajit Ray]] * [[Nancy Reagan]] * [[Jaime de la Rosa]] * [[Jane Russell]] * [[Suharto]] == Kamatayan == * [[Hilaria Aguinaldo]] * [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] * [[Enrico Caruso]] * [[Hara Takashi]] * [[Gabriel Lippmann]] * [[Carl Menger]] * [[Oliver Bosbyshell]] * [[Pascual Poblete]] * [[Pyotr Kropotkin]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Taon]] [[Kategorya:1921]] 24i9vvz83amfy2pdeib5li47xuzy9o7 2210338 2210337 2026-06-04T09:48:23Z Jojit fb 38 /* Kaganapan */ 2210338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{year nav|{{PAGENAME}}}} Ang '''1921 ('''[[Bilang na Romano|MCMXXI]]) ay isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Sabado sa [[Kalendaryong Gregoryano|kalendaryong Gregoriyano]] at isang karaniwang taon na nagsimula sa Biyernes sa kalendaryong Huliyano. Ito ang ika-1921 taon ng [[Karaniwang Panahon (kalendaryong Gregoryano)|Karaniwang Panahon]] (''Common Era'' o CE) at ''[[Anno Domini]]'' (AD), ika-921 taon ng ika-2 milenyo, ika-21 taon ng [[ika-20 dantaon]], at ika-2 taon ng dekada 1920. Sa pagsisimula ng taong 1921, ang Kalendaryong Gregoriyano ay may lamang na 13 araw kumpara sa kalendaryong Huliyano, na nanatiling ginagamit sa ilang lugar hanggang 1923. == Kaganapan == * [[Enero 2]] – Ang barkong pampasaherong [[Espanya|Espanyol]] na ''Santa Isabel'' ay nabiyak sa dalawa at lumubog sa [[baybayin]] ng Villa García, [[Mehiko]] na ikinamatay ng 244 sa 300 kataong sakay nito.<ref name="Times050121a">{{cite news |date=5 Enero 1921 |title=Santa Isabel disaster |language=en |page=9 |newspaper=The Times |issue=42610}}</ref> * [[Enero 16]] – Idinaos ng [[Marxismo|Marxistang]] Kaliwa sa [[Slovakia|Slobakiya]] at [[Ukranya|Ukranyang]] Transkarpatiyano ang nagtatag nitong kongreso sa Ľubochňa.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Yeshayahu A. Jelinek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8dnAAAAMAAJ |title=The Lust for Power: Nationalism, Slovakia, and the Communists, 1918-1948 |author2=Yešaʻyāhû Yelîneq |author3=Yeshayahu Jelinek |publisher=East European Monographs |year=1983 |isbn=978-0-88033-019-0 |page=7 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Enero 21]] – Ipinalabas sa [[Estados Unidos]] ang buong-habang pelikulang tahimik na komedya-drama na ''The Kid'', na isinulat, ginawa, idinirehe, at pinagbidahan ni [[Charlie Chaplin]] bilang kanyang karakter na Tramp, kasama si Jackie Coogan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Enero 21, 1921 |title=Chaplin has rival in smart infant; he's Jackie Coogan |language=en |pages=15 |work=New York Daily News}}</ref> * [[Pebrero 12]] – Pagsalakay ng [[Pulang Hukbo]] sa [[Heorhiya]]: Nilusob ng mga puwersa ng [[Bolshevik|Bolshevikong]] [[Rusya]] ang Demokratikong Republika ng Heorhiya.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vI3JDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA1428 |title=The Statesman's Year-Book 1974-75: The Encyclopaedia for the Businessman-of-the-World |date=2016 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-0-230-27103-6 |editor-last=Paxton |editor-first=John |pages=1428 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Marso 6]] – Pinilit ng mga [[Kapangyarihang Alyados (Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig)|Kaalyadong Kapangyarihan]] ang [[Alemanya]] na magbayad ng danyos-pinsala sa digmaan.<ref>{{Cite news |date=Marso 7, 1921 |title=PENALTIES TO BE PUT INTO EFFECT |language=en |pages=1 |work=Glendale Daily Press |url=https://archive.org/details/cgl_001450/mode/1up}}</ref> * [[Abril 11]] – Itinatag ang Emirato ng Transjordan sa ilalim ng Mandatong [[United Kingdom|Britaniko]], at si Abdullah I ang naging [[emir]] nito.<ref>{{cite book |author1=ʻAbd al-Salām Majālī |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ywdIszN8AEQC&pg=PA1 |title=Peacemaking: The Inside Story of the 1994 Jordanian-Israeli Treaty |author2=Jawad Ahmed Anani |author3=Munther J. Haddadin |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-8061-3765-0 |pages=1 |language=en}}</ref> * [[Hulyo 1]] ** Itinatag ang [[Partido Komunista ng Tsina|Partidong Komunista ng Tsina]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pv5WAAAAMAAJ |title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |year=1996 |page=D-2 |language=en}}</ref> ** Ibinigay ang kauna-unahang pagbabakuna ng [[Bakunang BCG|BCG]] laban sa [[tuberkulosis]] sa [[Paris]], [[Pransiya]]; isang bagong silang na sanggol ang tumanggap nito.<ref>{{cite book |author=Unesco |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wEFPAQAAIAAJ |title=The Unesco Courier |publisher=UNESCO |year=1964 |page=11 |language=en}}</ref> *[[Oktubre 15]] – Nailuklok si Mayor-Heneral [[Leonard Wood]] bilang [[Mga Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas|Gobernador-Heneral]] ng [[Pilipinas]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hayden |first=Ralston |date=1926-03-01 |title=The Philippines: An Experiment in Democracy |language=en |work=The Atlantic |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1926/03/the-philippines-an-experiment-in-democracy/648692/ |access-date=2026-06-04 |issn=2151-9463}}</ref> ==Kapanganakan== * [[Alexander Dubček]] * [[Carlos Angeles]] * [[Paddy Roy Bates]] * [[Aring Bautista]] * [[Charles Bronson]] * [[Paulo Campos]] * [[David Consunji]] * [[Matimtiman Cruz]] * [[Ramon d'Salva]] * [[Damiana Eugenio]] * [[Betty Friedan]] * [[James Lindenberg]] * [[John Glenn]] * [[Mario Lanza]] * [[Marianne Grunberg-Manago]] * [[Mary Jackson]] * [[Miguel I ng Rumanya]] * [[Yoichiro Nambu]] * [[Prinsipe Philip, Duke ng Edinburgh]] * [[Satyajit Ray]] * [[Nancy Reagan]] * [[Jaime de la Rosa]] * [[Jane Russell]] * [[Suharto]] == Kamatayan == * [[Hilaria Aguinaldo]] * [[Camille Saint-Saëns]] * [[Enrico Caruso]] * [[Hara Takashi]] * [[Gabriel Lippmann]] * [[Carl Menger]] * [[Oliver Bosbyshell]] * [[Pascual Poblete]] * [[Pyotr Kropotkin]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Taon]] [[Kategorya:1921]] smjjzcabrzv8bdlcdrbewuhz3gicf70 0 9759 2210320 2204273 2026-06-04T07:23:14Z Mahal ko si Jesus 149810 /* */ changed lead image to match the english page 2210320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{for|ibang mga gamit ng kataga|Katolisismo|Simbahang Katolika (paglilinaw)}} {{Infobox Christian denomination |icon = Emblem of the Papacy SE.svg |icon_alt = Sagisag ng Banal na Luklukan |name = Simbahang Katolika |native_name = |native_name_lang = |image = Saint Peter's Basilica facade, Rome, Italy.jpg |alt = |caption = Ang [[Basilika ni San Pedro]] sa [[Roma]] |abbreviation = |main_classification= [[Katolisismo|Katoliko]] |type = |scripture = Biblia |theology = [[Teolohiyang katoliko]] |polity = Episkopal<ref name=Episcopal_Polity>{{Cite book|title=Mga Sulat Ukol sa Politiyong Episkopal ng Santa Iglesia Catolica|last=Marshall|first=Thomas William|date=1844|location=London|publisher=Levey, Rossen and Franklin|id={{ASIN|1163912190|country=uk}}}}</ref> |governance = [[Santa Sede]] |structure = |leader = [[Papa Leon XIV]] |leader_name = |leader_title1 = Administration |leader_name1 = |fellowships_type = |fellowships= |fellowships1 = |division_type = |division = |division_type1 = |division1 = |division_type2 = |division2 = |division_type3 = |division3 = |associations = |area = |language = |liturgy = |headquarters = [[Lungsod ng Vaticano]] |origin_link = |founder = [[Hesukristo]]<ref name=Katoliko>{{cite web|last1=Oakley|first1=Francis Christopher|last2=Cunningham|first2=Lawrence|last3=Knowles|first3=Michael David|last4=Marty|first4=Martin|last5=Frassetto|first5=Michael|last6=Pelika|first6=Jaroslav Jan|last7=McKenzie|first7=John|title=Romano Katolisismo |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Roman-Catholicism|accessdate=21 January 2020}}</ref>, <br> ayon sa tradisyon |founded_date = Unang siglo |founded_place = [[Herusalem]], [[Imperyong Romano]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Stanford|first1=Peter|title=Simbahang Katolika|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/catholic/catholic_1.shtml#top|website=BBC Religions|publisher=BBC|accessdate=20 Enero 2020}}</ref><ref>Bokenkotter, 2004, [https://www.amazon.com/Concise-History-Catholic-Church-Revised/dp/0385516134/ p. 18]</ref> |parent = |merger = |absorbed = |separations = |merged_into = |defunct = |congregations_type = |congregations = |members = 1.329&nbsp;bilyon (2018)<ref name="Shalom World">{{cite web|last1=Vincent|first1=Sherin|title=Catholic population rises to 1.329 billon|url=https://shalomworld.org/news/catholic-population-rises-to-1-329-billion|accessdate=2 Abril 2020|archive-date=25 Septiyembre 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200925025142/https://www.shalomworld.org/news/catholic-population-rises-to-1-329-billion|url-status=dead}}</ref> |ministers_type = [[Hierarchy of the Catholic Church|Clergy]] |ministers={{plainlist| * Mga [[obispo]]: 5,304 * Mga [[pari]]: 415,656 * Mga [[diakono]]: 45,255}} |missionaries = |churches = |hospitals = 5,500<ref name="World Development p.40">Calderisi, Robert. ''Earthly Mission - The Catholic Church and World Development''; TJ International Ltd; 2013; p.40</ref> |nursing_homes = |aid = |primary_schools = 95,200<ref>{{Cite journal |title="Laudato Si" |journal=Vermont Catholic |volume=8 |issue=4, ''2016–2017, Winter'' |pages=73|url=http://www.onlinedigeditions.com/publication/index.php?i=365491&m=&l=&p=1&pre=&ver=html5#{%22page%22:74,%22issue_id%22:365491} |accessdate=Enero 20, 2020 }}</ref> |secondary_schools = 43,800 |tax_status = |tertiary = |other_names = |publications = |website = [http://w2.vatican.va/content/vatican/en.html Holy See] |slogan = |logo = |footnotes = }} Ang '''Simbahang Katoliko Romano''', na kilala rin bilang '''Iglesya Katolika Apostolika Romana''', '''Simbahang Romano Katoliko'''<ref>Ang katawagang "Simbahang Romano Katoliko" ay ginagamit dito bilang mga alternatibong pangalan para sa buong Simbahan na naglalarawan ng sarili bilang "sa pamamahala ng kahalili ni San Pedro at ng mga obispong na sa kapisanan kasabay niya." [http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html ''Lumen Gentium'' (Dogmatikong Saligang Batas sa Simbahan), 8]</ref> ay ang pinakamalaking '''Kristiyanong''' [[simbahan]] na pinamumunuan ng [[Obispo ng Roma]]. Ang pamamahalaan nito na [[Santa Sede]] ay naka-sentro sa [[Lungsod ng Vaticano]] na nakpaloob sa [[Roma]], [[Italya]]. == Pangalan == Ang Griyegong salita na καθολικός (''katholikos''), kung saan nagmula ang salitang; ''Katoliko'', ay may kahulugang ''Unibersal''. Ang terminong ''Katoliko'' ay unang ginamit ni [[San Ignacio]] sa kanyang liham sa mga taga-Smyrna noong 110 CE.<ref>http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03449a.htm</ref> Ang m mga tagasunod ng Simbahang Romano Katoliko ay tinatawag na '''Romano Katoliko''' upang itangi ito sa kasapi ng ibang mga denominasyon ng Kristiyanismo na nag-aangking sila ay Katoliko rin gaya ng [[Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso]](na ang pangalang opisyal ay ''' Simbahang Katolikong Ortodokso'''), [[Asiryong Simbahan ng Silangan]](na ang pangalang opisyal ay '''Banal an Apostolikong Katolikong Asiryong Simbahan ng Silangan'''), [[Simbahang Ortodoksong Oriental]] at [[Simbahan ng Silangan]]. Ang salitang '''Katoliko''' ay matatagpuan sa [[Kredong Niceno]] na pinagkasunduan ng ilang mga obispo sa [[Unang Konseho ng Nicaea]] noong 325 CE nang tipunin ito ni Emperador [[Dakilang Constantino]] upang pagkaisaihin ang mga magkakatunggaling sekta ng [[Kristiyanismo]] sa kanyang [[Imperyo Romano]]. {{quote|[Ngunit ang mga nagsasabing: 'May isang panahong na Siya ay hindi;' at 'Siya ay hindi bago Siya gawin;' at 'Siya ay ginawâ mula sa wala' o 'Siya ay nang ibang sustansiya' o 'esensiya' o 'Ang Anak ng Diyos ay nilikhâ' o 'nagbabago' ay 'mababago'-sila ay kinokóndena ng '''banal na Katóliko at apostólikong Simbahan'''.] |''[[Kredong Niceno]](325 CE)''}} Inaangkin ng Simbahang Romano Katoliko, na ito ang [[isang tunay na simbahan]] na itinatag ni [[Hesukristo]] noong Unang siglo sa [[Herusalem]]<ref>{{cite book|last=Bokenkotter|first=Thomas|title=A Concise History of the Catholic Church|year=2004|publisher=Doubleday|location=New York|page=7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DISK1e7JXA8C&pg=PA7|isbn=978-0-307-42348-1}}</ref> , na ang mga [[Obispo (pari)|obispo]] nito ay ang mga kahalili ng mga [[apostol]] ni Kristo, at ang [[Obispo ng Roma|Papa]] ang kahalili ni [[San Pedro]] na kung saan ipinagkaloob ni Kristo ang primasiya<ref>Holy Bible: Mateo {{bibleverse-nb||Matthew|16:19|ESV}}</ref>. Inaangkin na naipanatili nito ang orihinal na pananamapalatayang [[Kristiyanismo]], sa pamamagitan ng sagradong tradisyon<ref>{{cite book|title=Katesismo ng Simbahang Katolika, 890}}</ref> ==Kasaysayan== Gaya ng ibang mga sekta ng [[Kristiyanismo]] gaya ng mga [[Simbahang Ortodokso]], ang Simbahang Romano Katoliko ay nag-aangkin na ang tradisyon nito ay itinatag ni [[Hesus]]. Sa teolohiya ng Simbahang Romano Katoliko, ang doktrinang [[paghaliling apostoliko]] ay nag-aangkin na ibinigay ni [[Hesus]] ang buong sakramental na kapangyarihan sa simbahan sa 12 apostol sa sakramento ng mga Banal na Kautusan at gumagawa sa mga itong unang obispo. Sa pagkakaloob ng kabuuan ng sakramento ng mga Banal na Kautusuan, ang mga ito ay binigyan ng kapangyarihan na magkaloob ng sakramento sa iba pa at nagpapasagrado sa maraming mga obispo sa isang direktang linya na nagmumula sa mga Apostol at kay Hesus. Ang doktrina ng [[Apostolikong paghalili]] ay hindi lang natatangi sa Romano Katoliko at ang iba't ibang mga sekta ng Kristiyanismo ay nag-aangkin rin ng teolohiyang ito gaya ng mga [[Simbahang Ortodokso]], mga [[Luther]]ano at iba pa. Ayon sa Simbahang Katoliko Romano si [[Pedro]] na [[apostol]] ni Hesus ang unang ''obispo ng Roma'' at gumawa sa isang nagngangalang [[Linus]] bilang kahalili niyang obispo at kaya ay nagpasimula ito ng isang linyang paghalili ng mga obispo mula kay Pedro na kinabibilangan ng mga kasalukuyang [[papa]] ng Romano Katoliko. Gayunpaman, isinaad sa ''[[mga konstitusyong apostoliko]]'' na si [[Linus]] ang ''unang obispo ng Roma'' at inordinahan ni [[Apostol Pablo]] at si Linus ay hinalinhan ni [[Clemente]] na inordinahan naman ni Pedro. Ayon sa mga eskolar at historyan, ang opisinang ''Monarkikal na Obispo'' ay lumitaw lamang noong ikalawang siglo CE. Sa mga liham lamang ni [[Ignacio ng Antioquia]] sa kanyang pagtungo sa Roma noong ika-2 siglo na kanyang inilarawan at ikinatwiran na ang mga simbahan ay pinangunahan ng isang obispo na inaalalayan ng mga presbitero at deakono.<ref name="Epistle to the Magnesians 6.1">Epistle to the Magnesians 6.1</ref> Ayon kay propesor [[:en:Richard McBrien|Richard McBrien]], "dapat maalala na salungat sa banal na paniniwala ng Katoliko--ang monoarkikal na istrukturang episkopal ng simbahan (na kilala bilang episkopatang monarkikal kung saan ang bawat diyoses ay pinamumunuan ng isang obispo) ay hindi pa umiiral sa Roma sa panahong ito.<ref name="McBrien, Richard P p. 34">McBrien, Richard P. Lives of the Popes: The Pontiffs from St. Peter to Benedict XVI. Harper, San Francisco, 2005 updated ed., p. 34</ref> Ayon kay Padre [[:en:Francis A. Sullivan|Francis A. Sullivan]], "ang makukuhang ebidensiya ay nagpapakita na ang simbahan sa Roma ay pinamunuan ng isang kolehiyo ng mga presbitero sa halip na isang obispo sa loob ng hindi bababa sa ilang mga dekada ng ikalawang siglo CE.<ref>Sullivan F.A. From Apostles to Bishops: the development of the episcopacy in the early church. Newman Press, Mahwah (NJ), 2001, p. 80,221-222</ref> Ayon din kay Fr. Sullivan, "Ang [[Bagong Tipan]] o ang sinaunang kasaysayang Kristiyano ay hindi nag-aalok ng suporta sa nosyon ng [[paghaliling apostoliko]] bilang 'isang hindi naputol na linya ng ordinasyong episkopal sa pamamagitan ng mga apostol sa mga siglo tungo sa mga obispo ngayon'" at "Ang Bagong Tipan ay hindi nag-aalok ng suporta para sa teoriya ng paghaliling apostoliko na nagpapalagay na ang mga apostol ay humirang o nag-ordina ng isang obispo para sa bawat mga simbahang kanilang itinatag".<ref name="Sullivan F.A p. 14">Sullivan F.A. From Apostles to Bishops: The Development of the Episcopacy in the Early Church, p. 14</ref> Ang mga kondisyon sa [[imperyo Romano]] ay nagpadali sa pagkalat ng mga bagong ideya. Ang mga mahuhusay na lansangan at mga daanang pantubig ay pumayag sa madaling paglalakbay samantalang ang [[Pax Romana]] ay gumawa sa paglalakbay mula sa isang rehiyon tungo sa isa pa na ligtas. Ang mga sinaunang Kristiyano ay nakaakay ng mga pamayanang [[Hudaismo|Hudyo]] sa buong [[Dagat Meditteraneo]].<ref name=chadwickhenry23and24/><ref name="Hitchcock 281">Hitchcock, ''Geography of Religion'' (2004), p. 281, quote: "By the year 100, more than 40&nbsp;Christian communities existed in cities around the Mediterranean, including two in North Africa, at Alexandria and Cyrene, and several in Italy."</ref> Bagaman ang karamihan ng mga naakay sa Kristiyanismo ay mula sa Imperyo Romano, ang mga kilalang pamayanang Kristiyano ay itinatag rin sa [[Armenia]], [[Iran]] at sa kahabaan ng [[Baybaying Malabar]].<ref name="AFM">A.E. Medlycott, ''India and The Apostle Thomas'', pp.1-71, 213-97; M.R. James, ''Apocryphal New Testament'', pp.364-436; Eusebius, ''History'', chapter 4:30; J.N. Farquhar, ''The Apostle Thomas in North India'', chapter 4:30; V.A. Smith, ''Early History of India'', p.235; L.W. Brown, ''The Indian Christians of St. Thomas'', p.49-59</ref><ref>http://www.stthoma.com/</ref> Ang bagong [[relihiyon]] na Kristiyanismo ay pinakamatagumpay sa mga lugar na urbano at kumalat muna sa mga [[alipin]] at mga tao na may mabababang mga katayuan sa lipunan.<ref>McMullen, pp. 37, 83.</ref> ===Unang siglo=== ====Alitan sa pagitan ng mga pinunong Kristiyano==== Sa simula, ang [[Hudaismo]] at Kristiyanismo ayon sa mga eskolar ay hindi pa hiwalay at ang mga Kristiyano ay sumasambang kasama ng mga Hudyo na tinatawag ng mga historyan na [[Hudyong Kristiyano]] gaya ng mga [[Ebionita]]. Ang mga Hudyong Kristiyano ang bumubuo sa karamihan ng mga Kristiyano sa unang siglo ng Kristiyanismo at sumusunod pa rin sa mga Kautusan ni [[Moises]] ayon sa [[Mga Gawa ng mga Apostol]].<ref name="Davidson115">Davidson, ''The Birth of the Church'' (2005), p. 115</ref> Gayunpaman, dahil ang mga ibang Kristiyano ay nagsimulang umakay sa mga [[hentil]] (hindi Hudyo), nagkaroon ng alitan sa pagitan ng mga Kristiyano kung dapat pang sundin ng mga [[hentil]] (hindi-Hudyo) ang mga kautusan ni Moises. Upang malutas ang mga magkakatunggaling pananaw tungkol sa Kautusan ni Moises, ang [[konseho ng Herusalem]] ay tinipon ng mga haligi ng iglesia (simbahan) na sina Pedro at Santiago ({{bibleverse||Galacia|2:9}}). Nagpasya si [[Santiago ang Makatarungan]] na ang mga [[hentil]] (hindi-Hudyo) ay maaaring maging mga Kristiyano nang hindi sumusunod sa ''ilang'' mga kautusan ni Moises gaya ng pagtutuli ngunit ''kailangan'' pa ring silang sumunod sa ilang mga kautusan ni Moises gaya ng paglayo sa ''mga pagkaing inihandog sa mga diyos-diyosan at binigti at dugo, imoralidad...sapagkat ang kautusan ni Moises ay ipinapangaral sa bawat lungsod mula pa nang unang panahon at binabasa ito sa mga sinagoga bawat araw ng Sabat'' ({{bibleverse2|Mga|Gawa|15:20-21}}).<ref name= "chadwick37">Chadwick, Henry, p. 37.</ref> Gayunpaman, ayon {{bibleverse2|Mga|Gawa|16:3-4}}, tinuli ni Pablo si Timoteo at sa pagtahak nila sa mga lungsod, ibinigay nila Pablo sa mga iglesia ang pinagpasiyahan ng mga [[apostol]] at ng mga nakakatanda sa [[konseho ng Herusalem]] na kanilang dapat sundin.<ref name=chadwickhenry23and24>Chadwick, Henry, pp. 23–24.</ref><ref name=macculloch109>MacCulloch, ''Christianity'', p. 109.</ref><ref name="Davidson149">Davidson, ''The Birth of the Church'' (2005), p. 149</ref> Ang alitan tungkol sa pagsunod sa Kautusan ni Moises ay hindi natapos sa [[konseho ng Herusalem]]. Ayon sa {{bibleverse|Mga|Gawa|21:17-25}}, nabalitaan ng mga Hudyo patungkol kay Pablo, ''na tinuturuan mo ang lahat ng mga Hudyo na nasa mga hentil, ng pagtalikod kay Moises. Sinabi mo na huwag tuliin ang kanilang mga anak, ni mamuhay ng ayon sa mga kaugalian...Dalisayiin mo ang iyong sarili kasama nila. Bayaran mo ang kanilang magugugol upang magpaahit sila ng kanilang mga ulo. Upang malaman ng lahat na hindi totoo ang mga bagay na nabalitaan nila patungkol sa iyo. At malalaman din na ikaw ay lumalakad ng maayos na tumutupad ng kautusan.''". Ayon sa {{bibleverse2||Galacia|2:11-14}}, kinompronta at sinaway ni Pablo si [[Pedro]] dahil sa pamimilit ni Pedro sa mga hentil na sumunod sa kautusan ni Moises. Taliwas sa pinagpasyahan sa [[Konseho ng Herusalem]] na bawal kainin ang pagkaing inihandog sa diyos-diyosan, binigti at dugo, isinaad ni Pablo sa {{bibleverse|1|Corinto|10:25}}, "''anumang ipinagbibili sa pamilihan ay kainin ninyo"''.<ref>I Corinthians: a new translation Volume 32 Anchor Bible William Fridell Orr, James Arthur Walther - 1976 "Paul's openness regarding dietary restrictions raises again the question of the connection with the decrees of the council at Jerusalem (Acts 15:29; Introduction, pp. 63–65). There is no hint here of an apostolic decree involving food."</ref><ref>Gordon D. Fee ''The First Epistle to the Corinthians'' 1987 p480 "Paul's "rule" for everyday life in Corinth is a simple one: "Eat anything19 sold in the meat market""</ref> at sa {{bibleverse|1|Corinto|8:4-8}} ay "''hindi tayo nagiging katanggap-tanggap sa Diyos sa pamamagitan ng pagkain''". Ang pagkain ng mga inihandog sa diyos-diyosan ay ipinagbawal rin ni [[Hesus]] sa {{bibleverse||Pahayag|2:20,14}}. Bagaman nakapasok sa kanon na Katoliko ang mga [[sulat ni Pablo]], ang mga sulat na ito ay itinakwil ng mga [[Hudyong-Kristiyano]]ng [[Ebionita]] na naniniwalang si [[Apostol Pablo]] ay isang ''natalikod at impostor na [[apostol]]''.<ref>Ecclesiastical History 3.27.4</ref><ref>Irenaeus; Aganist Heresies 1.26.2</ref><ref>Epiphanius, Panarion, 30.16.6-9</ref><ref>MacCulloch, ''Christianity'', pp.127–131.</ref> ===Ikalawang siglo=== Ang ilang mga pamayanang Kristiyano sa ikalawang siglo CE ay nagebolb sa isang mas may istrukturang hierarka na ang isang sentral na obispo ay may autoridad sa siyudad at humantong sa pagpapaunlad ng [[Obispong Metropolitan]]. Ang organisasyon ng Simbahang Kristiyano ay nagsimulang gumaya sa organisasyon ng Imperyo Romano. Ang mga obispo sa mga siyudad na mas mahalaga sa politika ay naglapat ng mas malaking autoridad sa mga obispo sa mga kalapit na siyudad.<ref name=duffy9and10>Duffy, pp. 9–10.</ref><ref name=markus75>Markus, p. 75.</ref> Ang mga simbahan sa [[Antioquia]], [[Alehandriya]] at [[Roma]] ang humawak ng pinakamatataas na mga posisyon.<ref name=macculloch134>MacCulloch, ''Christianity'', p. 134.</ref> Kabilang sa mga magkakatunggaling pananaw na Kristiyanong lumaganap noong ika-2 siglo ang [[Marcionismo]], [[Gnostisismo]], [[Montanismo]], [[Docetismo]]. Si [[Marcion]] ang pinaniniwalang ang unang nagtipon ng isang [[kanon]] na binubuo lamang 11 mga aklat na isang Ebanghelyo ni Lucas at 10 [[sulat ni Pablo]]. Ang ibang mga aklat nang kalaunang naging [[kanon]] ng Bagong Tipan ay itinakwil ni Marcion. Si [[Irenaeus]] ang unang nagmungkahi ng pagtanggap lamang sa apat na ebanghelyo at nangatwiran laban sa mga ibang pangkat na Kristiyano na gumagamit ng mga ebanghelyo na kaunti o higit pa sa 4. Kanyang binatikos ang [[Gnostisismo]] at itinakwil ang [[Ebanghelyo ng Katotohanan]] dahil sa nilalamang [[gnostiko]] nito. Tinangka ni [[Papa Víctor I|Victor]] na obispo ng Roma na ideklarang [[erehiya]] at itiwalag ang mga nagdiriwang ng paskuwa sa Nisan 14. Bago ni Victor, may isang pagkakaiba sa petsa ng pagdiriwang ng Paskuwa sa pagitan ng mga obispo ng Asya menor at Kanluran. Ipinagdiriwang ito ng mga simbahan sa Asya menor tuwing ika-14&nbsp;ng buwang Nisan ng mga Hudyo na araw bago ang paskuwa ng mga Hudyo nang hindi isinasaalang kung anong araw ng linggo ito mahulog na kanilang binatay sa [[Ebanghelyo ni Juan]] sa {{Bibleverse2||Juan|18:28}} at {{Bibleverse2||Juan|19:14-15}}.<ref name=eusebius>Eusebius, Church History 5.23-4</ref> Ang kasanayang ito ay sinunod ni [[Policarpio]] na obispo ng [[Smyrna]] sa Asya (na inangking alagad ni Apostol Juan) gayundin ni [[Melito ng Sardis]]. Salungat sa Ebanghelyo ni Juan, ang {{Bibleverse2||Marcos|14:12-18}}, {{Bibleverse2||Mateo|26:17-21}} at {{Bibleverse2||Lucas|22:8}} ay nagsasaad na ang Huling Hapunan ang Seder na [[Paskuwa]] na isinasagawa ng mga Hudyo sa simula ng [[Nisan]] 15. Ipinagdiriwang ng Kanluran ang Paskuwa tuwing linggo kasunod ng ika-14&nbsp;ng Nisan. Ang mga synod ay idinaos sa [[Syria Palaestina|Palestina]], [[Diocese of Pontus|Pontus]] at [[Osrhoene]] sa ''silangan'' at [[Roma]] at [[Gaul]] sa ''kanluran'' na ang bawat isa ay nagpasyang ang pagdiriwang ng paskuwa ay dapat tuwing linggo. Ang isang pagpupulong sa Roma ay idinaos na pinangasiwaan ni Victor at nagpadala ng liham kay [[Polycrates ng Efeso]] at mga simbahan sa probinsiya ng Asya. Sa parehong taon, tinipon ni Polycrates ang isang pagpupulong sa [[Efeso]] na dinaluhan ng mga obispo sa buong probinsiya ng Asya at nagpasya silang sawayin si Victor at panatilihin ang kanilang tradisyon ng paskuwa.<ref name=eusebius/> Pinutol ni Victor ang kanyang kaugnayan sa mga obispong gaya nina [[Polycrates]] ng [[Efeso]] na sumalungat sa kanyang mga pananaw tungkol sa Paskuwa. Ang isyu ng paskuwa ay sinagot sa [[Unang Konseho ng Nicaea]] noong 325 CE na nagpasyang ang paskuwa ay dapat idaos tuwing linggo kasunod ng buong buwan pagkatapos ng equinox na tagsibol. Itinakwil rin ni Victor si [[Theodotus ng Byzantium]] dahil sa kanyang paniniwalang [[adopsiyonismo]] tungkol kay Kristo. Naniwala si Theodotus na si Hesus ay ipinanganak bilang isang hindi-Diyos na tao at kalaunan lamang "inampon" ng Diyos sa kanyang bautismo at naging Diyos pagkatapos ng kanyang pagkabuhay muli. ===Ikatlong siglo=== Isinaad ni Duffy na noong ikatlong siglo CE, ang obispo sa Roma ay nagsimulang umasal bilang korte ng pag-aapela sa mga problema na hindi malutas ng ibang mga obispo sa ibang mga siyudad.<ref name=duffy18>Duffy, p. 18.</ref> Ang ilang mga Kristiyano na humahawak ng paniniwalang [[Simbahang proto-Ortodoksiya|proto-ortodokso]] na kilala bilang mga [[ama ng simbahan]] ay nagsimulang maglarawan ng mga katuruan nito bilang pagsalungat sa ibang mga pangkat ng Kristiyano gaya ng [[Gnostisismo]]. <ref>MacCulloch, ''Christianity'', p. 141.</ref><ref name="Davidson169">Davidson, ''The Birth of the Church'' (2005), pp. 169, 181</ref> Hindi katulad ng karamihan ng mga [[relihiyon]] sa Imperyo Romano sa panahong ito, ang mga Kristiyano ay inaatasan na magtakwil ng ibang mga [[diyos]] na isang kasanayang minana mula sa [[Hudaismo]]. Ang pagtanggi ng mga Kristiyano na lumahok sa mga pagdiriwang na [[pagano]] ay nangangahulugang hindi nito magawang makilahok sa karamihan ng buhay pampubliko na nagtulak sa mga hindi Kristiyano kabilang ang pamahalaan ng Imperyo Romano na matakot na ginagalit ng mga Kristiyano ang mga diyos at nagiging banta sa kapayapaan at kasaganaan ng imperyo. Sa karagdagan, ang pagiging malapit ng mga lipunang Kristiyano at pagiging masikreto sa mga kasanayan nito ay lumikha ng mga tsismis na ang mga Kristiyano ay nagsasagawa ng [[insesto]] at [[kanibalismo]]. Ito ay nagresulta sa mga pag-uusig na Romano sa mga Kristiyano na karaniwan ay lokal at bihira bago ang ikaapat na siglo CE.<ref name=macculloch155and164>MacCulloch, ''Christianity'', pp. 155–159, 164.</ref><ref name=chadwick21>Chadwick, Henry, p. 41.</ref> Ang isang sunod sunod na mas sentral na organisadong mga pag-uusig sa Kristiyano ay lumitaw noong ikatlong siglo nang inatas ng mga emperador na ang mga krisis sa militar, pampolitika at pang-ekonomiya ng imperyo ay sanhi ng galit ng mga diyos. Ang lahat ng mga mamamayan ay inatasang maghandog sa mga diyos o kundi ay paparusahan.<ref name=chadwick41and42>Chadwick, Henry, pp. 41–42, 55.</ref> Ang mga Hudyo ay hindi isinama hangga't nagbabayad ang mga ito ng [[fiscus Judaicus]] (buwis ng Hudyo). Ang ilang mga kristiyano ay pinaslang, lumisan sa imperyo o tumakwil sa kanilang paniniwalang Kristiyano. Ang mga hindi pagkakasunduan sa papel sa Iglesia (kung meron man) na dapat magkaroon ang mga tumalikod na ito ay humantong sa mga [[paghahati]] ng mga [[Donatista]] at [[Novatianista]].<ref name=macculloch174>MacCulloch, ''Christianity'', p. 174.</ref><ref name=duffy20>Duffy, p. 20.</ref> Ang mga relasyon sa pagitan ng pamayanang Kristiyano at Imperyo Romano ay hindi konsistente: Ninais na [[Tiberius]] na ilagay ang Kristo sa [[panteon]] ng mga diyos at tumanggi sa simula na usigin ang mga Kristiyano. Ang ilang mga emperador ay umusig sa mga Kristiyano ngunit ang iba gaya nina [[Commodus]] at iba pa ay pumapabor sa mga Kristiyano.<ref>Simone Weil, Letter to a Priest, Excerpt 35</ref> ===Ikaapat na siglo=== Noong Abril 311 CE, si Galerius na nakaraang nangungunang pigura sa mga pag-uusig ng mga Kristiyano ay naglabas ng isang kautusan na pumapayag sa pagsasanay ng relihiyong Kristiyano sa ilalim ng kanyang pamumuno.<ref name="PersecutionsEnded"> Lactantius, [http://www.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/lactant/lactpers.html#XXXIV ''De Mortibus Persecutorum''] ("On the Deaths of the Persecutors") ch.34–35 </ref> Mula 313 hanggang 380 CE, ang Kristiyanismo ay nagtamasa ng isang katayuan bilang isang legal na relihiyon sa loob ng Imperyo Romano. Noong 380 CE, Ang Kristiyanismo ang naging relihiyong pang-estado ng Imperyo Romano.<ref name="StoChris59">Collins, ''The Story of Christianity'' (1999), p. 59</ref><ref>Weil, Letter to a Priest, excerpt 35</ref> [[File:Constantine Musei Capitolini.jpg|180px|thumb|right|Itinatag ni Emperador [[Dakilang Constantino]] ang mga karapatan ng simbahan sa taong 315 CE.]] ===Sa ilalim ni Emperador Constantino I=== [[File:Follis-Constantine-lyons RIC VI 309.jpg|thumb|Barya ni Emperador Constantino I na nagpapakita kay [[Sol Invictus]], SOLI INVICTO COMITI na opisyal na Diyos na Araw ng Imperyo Romano, ca. 315 CE.]] Ayon sa mga manunulat na Kristiyano, nang maging emperador si Dakilang Constantino I ng [[Kanlurang Imperyo Romano]] noong 312 CE, kanyang itinuro ang kanyang pagkapanalo sa isang labanan sa [[Diyos]] ng Kristiyanismo. Inangkin ng mga sangguniang Kristiyano na si Constantino I ay tumingin sa araw bago ang [[labanan sa tulay na Milvian]] at nakita ang isang krus ng liwanag sa itaas nito na may mga salitang "ΕΝ ΤΟΥΤΩ ΝΙΚΑ" ("sa pamamagitan nito, sumakop!"). Iniutos ni Constantino sa kanyang mga hukbo na palamutian ang kanilang mga kalasag ng isang simbolong Kristiyano ([[Chi Ro]]) at pagkatapos nito ay nanalo sa labanan. Pagkatapos ng labanan sa tulay ng Milvian, ang bagong emperador na Constantino I ay hindi pumansin sa mga dambana ng [[mga diyos na Romano]] sa [[Bundok Capitolino|Capitolino]] at hindi rin nagsagawa ng mga handog ayon sa kustombreng Romano upang ipagdiwang ang pagpasok ng pagwawagi sa Roma. Sa halip nito, siya ay tuwirang tumungo sa palasyo ng emperador. Gayunpaman, ang karamihan ng mga maimpluwensiyal na tao sa imperyo Romano lalo na ang mga opisyal ng militar ay hindi nagpaakay sa Kristiyanismo at nanatiling lumalahok sa [[Relihiyon sa Sinaunang Roma|relihiyon ng Sinaunang Roma]]. Sa pamumuno ni Constantino I, kanyang sinikap na pahupain ang mga paksiyong ito na hindi Kristiyano. Ang mga salaping Romano na inilimbag hanggang 8 taon pagkatapos ng labanan sa tulay na Milvian ay naglalaman pa rin ng mga imahen ng mga [[diyos na Romano]]. Ang mga monumentong unang kinomisyong itayo ni Constantino I gaya ng [[Arko ni Constantino]] ay hindi naglalaman ng anumang reperensiya sa [[Kristiyanismo]].<ref>J.R. Curran, ''Pagan City and Christian Capital. Rome in the Fourth Century'' (Oxford, 2000) pp. 70–90.</ref> Sa halip, ang mga munting estatwa ng diyos na Romanong si [[Sol Invictus]] na dala dala ng mga tagapagdala ng pamantayan ay lumilitaw sa tatlong lugar sa mga relief ng [[Arko ni Constantino]]. Ang mga opisyal na barya ni Constantino I ay patuloy na naglalaman ng mga imahen ni [[Sol Invictus]] hanggang noong 325/6 CE. Kasama ng emperador ng [[Silangan Imperyo Romano]] na si [[Licinius]], si Constantino ay naglabas ng [[Kautusan ng Milan]] na nag-atas ng pagpayag ng lahat ng mga [[relihiyon]] sa imperyo kabilang ang mga [[Relihiyon sa Sinaunang Roma|tradisyonal na relihiyong Romano]] at ang [[Kristiyanismo]]. Ang kautusang ito ay humigit din sa mas maagang Kautusan ni [[Galerius]] noong 311 dahil sa pagbabalik nito ng mga kinumpiskang mga pag-aari ng Simbahang Kristiyano. Gayunpaman, ang atas na ito ay may kaunting epekto sa mga saloobin ng tao.<ref>McMullen, p. 44.</ref> Ang mga bagong batas ay nilikha upang isabatas ang ilan sa mga paniniwala at kasanayang Kristiyano. <ref group=Note>Halimbawa, ayon kay Bokenkotter, ang linggo ay ginawang araw ng kapahingahan sa estadong Romano, ang mga mas malupit na parusa ay ibinigay sa prostitusyon at [[adulteriya]] at ang ilang mga proteksiyon ay ibinigay sa mga alipin. (Bokenkotter, pp. 41–42.)</ref><ref>Bokenkotter, p. 41.</ref> Ang pinakamalaking epekto sa Kristiyanismo ni Constantino ang kanyang pagtangkilik sa relihiyong ito. Siya ay nagkaloob ng malalaking regalo ng mga lupain at salapi sa simbahan at nag-alok ng mga eksempsiyon sa buwis at iba pang mga legal na katayuan sa mga pag-aari ng simbahan at mga tauhan nito.<ref name=mcmullen49and50/> Ang pinagsamang mga regalong ito at ang mga kalaunan pang regalo ni Constantino sa simbahan ay gumawa sa simbahan na pinakamalaking may ari ng lupain sa Kanluranin noong ikaanim na siglo CE.<ref name=duffy64>Duffy, p. 64.</ref> Ang karamihan sa mga regalong ito ay pinondohan sa pamamagitan ng malalang mga pagbubuwis sa mga kultong [[pagano]].<ref name=mcmullen49and50>McMullen, pp. 49–50.</ref> Ang ilang mga kultong pagano ay pinwersang tumigil sa kawalan ng mga pondo. Nang ito ay mangyari, pinalitan ng simbahang Kristiyano ang nakaraang papel ng mga kulto sa pagkalinga sa mga mahihirap ng lipunan.<ref>McMullen, p. 54.</ref> Sa isang repleksiyon ng tumaas na katayuan ng kaparian sa imperyo Romano, ang mga ito ay nagsimulang magsuot ng kasuotan ng mga sambahayan ng mga maharlika.<ref>MacCulloch, ''Christianity'', p. 199.</ref> Sa paghahari ni Emperador [[Constantino I]], ang tinatayang kalahati ng mga Kristiyano ay hindi sumusunod sa kalaunang nagwaging bersiyon ng Kristiyanismo<ref>McMullen, p. 93.</ref> at may pagkakaiba iba sa mga paniniwala ang mga Kristiyano.<ref>http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/first/diversity.html</ref> Natakot si Constantino na ang kawalang pagkakaisa ay magpagalit sa [[Diyos]] at humantong sa mga problema sa imperyo. Dahil dito, siya ay nagsagawa ng mga kautusang militar at panghukuman upang lipulin ang ilang mga sekta ng Kristiyanismo.<ref>Duffy, p. 27. Chadwick, Henry, p. 56.</ref> Upang lutasin ang ibang mga alitan, si Constantino ay nagsimula ng kasanayan na tumatawag sa mga [[Unang Pitong Konsehong Ekumenikal|konsehong ekumenikal]] upang matukoy ang mga nagtataling interpretasyon ng doktrina ng Kristiyanismo.<ref name=duffy29>Duffy, p. 29. MacCulloch ''Christianity'', p. 212.</ref> Pinagtibay sa [[Unang Konseho ng Nicaea]] noong 325 CE ang pananaw ng ilang mga obispo na si [[Hesus]] na Anak ay isang tunay na Diyos mula sa Tunay na Diyos, ipinanganak at hindi nilalang, at nang isang substansiya o kaparehong substansiya sa Ama (''[[Homoousian|homoousios]]'' sa Griyego). Kinondena ng Unang Konseho ng Nicaea ang mga katuruan ng heterodoksong teologong si [[Arius]] na may suporta ng ilang mga obispo na ang Anak ay nilikhang nilalang ng Ama, [[Subordinasyonismo|mas mababa sa Diyos Ama]], may pasimula at hindi kapwa walang hanggan sa Ama at ang Ama at Anak ay ng isang ''katulad na substansiya'' (''[[homoiousios]]'') ngunit ''hindi ng kaparehong substansiya''. Kabilang sa mga talatang ginamit ni Arius upang suportahan ang kanyang pananaw ang {{bibleverse||Juan|14:28}}, {{bibleverse2||Colosas|1:15}}, [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Proverbs+8%3A22&version=NRSV Kawikaan 8:22] (''Nilikha ako ng Panginoon sa pasimula ng kanyang gawa'') at iba pa. Sa tinatayang mga 250–318 Kristiyano na dumalo, ang lahat maliban sa 2 ang bumoto laban sa pananaw ni [[Arius]]. Si [[Atanasio]] na kalahok sa Unang Konseho ng Nicaea noong 325 CE ay nagsaad na napilitang gumamit ang mga obispo ng terminolohiyang ''homoousios'' na hindi matatagpuan sa kasulatan dahil ang mga pariralang biblikal na kanilang nais gamitin ay inangkin ng mga [[Arianismo|Ariano]] na mapapakahulugan sa itinuring ng mga obispong isang kahulugang [[erehiya|eretiko]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tertullian.org/fathers2/NPNF2-04/Npnf2-04-34.htm#TopOfPage |title=Athanasius: De Decretis or Defence of the Nicene Definition, Introduction, 19 |publisher=Tertullian.org |date=2004-08-06 |accessdate=2012-01-02}}</ref> Dahil dito, "''kanilang sinunggaban ang wala sa kasulatan na katagang ''homoousios'' (parehong substansiya) upang ingatan ang mahalagang ugnayan ng Anak sa Ama na itinanggi ni [[Arius]]''".<ref>"The bishops were forced to use 'non-Scriptural' terminology (not 'un-Scriptural') to protect and preserve the Scriptural meaning" ([http://www.journal33.org/godworld/html/arian1.pdf The Arian Controversy]).</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-260797/ |title=Encyclopædia Britannica Online |publisher=Britannica.com |accessdate=2012-01-02}}</ref> Sa Unang konseho ng Nicaea, si [[Eusebio ng Caesarea]] ay nagmungkahi ng isang kredong kompromiso na ang Anak ay "Diyos ng Diyos, ang unang ipinanganak sa lahat ng mga nilalang, ang bugtong ng Ama bago ang lahat ng panahon". Ang mga obispong anti-Ariano ay umayon dito at kahit ang mga [[Arian]]o ngunit ang partido ni [[Papa Alejandro ng Alehandriya|Alejandro]] ang malakas na tumutol dito. Sa pang-uudyok ni [[Hosius]], iminungkahi ni Emperador [[Dakilang Constantino|Constantino I]] sa Unang Konseho ng Nicaea na ipasok ang katagang ''homoousios'' (parehong substansiya) sa [[Kredong Niceno]] ngunit ito ay hindi inayunan ng mga Ariano na nagmungkahi ng katagang homoiousios (katulad na substansiya).<ref>Berkhoff, The History of Christian Doctrines (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1937), 58, as found in David K. Bernard, Oneness and Trinity A.D. 100–300 (Hazelwood, MO: Word Aflame Press, 1991), 87</ref> Si [[Hosius]] na pinakamalapit na tagapayo at kompidante ni Emperador [[Constantino I]] sa lahat ng mga bagay na pangsimbahan ay maaaring nagtulak sa konseho na tanggapin ang homoousios. Sa karagdagan, itinuro ni [[Atanasio]] ang pagkatha ng [[kredong Niceno]] kay [[Hosius]]. Ang kontrobersiya ay hindi nagtapos dito at maraming mga kleriko sa [[Silangang Ortodokso|Silangan]] Kristiyanismo ay tumakwil sa terminong ''homoousios'' (parehong substansiya) dahil sa mas maagang pagkondena ng ilang Kristiyano sa paggamit nito ni Pablo ng Samosata. Sa karagdagan, ang relihiyong [[Arianismo]] ay yumabong sa labas ng imperyo Romano.<ref>MacCulloch, ''Christianity'', p. 221.</ref> Pinaniniwalaang ipinatapon ni Constantino I ang mga tumangging tumanggap sa [[Kredong Niceno]] kabilang ang mismong si [[Arius]], ang deakonong si Euzois at ang mga obispong Libyano na sina Theonas ng Marmarica at Secundus ng Ptolemais gayundin ang mga obispong lumagda sa [[kredong Niceno]] ngunit tumangging sumali sa pagkokondena kina Arius, Eusebio ng Nicomedia at Theognis ng Nicaea. Inutos rin ni Constantino I na sunugin ang lahat ng mga kopya ng ''Thalia'' na aklat na pinaghayagan ni [[Arius]] ng kanyang mga katuruan. Noong 331 CE, kinomisyon ni Constantino I si [[Eusebio ng Caesarea]] na maghatid ng 50 ''bibliya'' para sa [[Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso|Simabahan ng Constantinopla]]. Itinala ni [[Atanasio]] na ang mga 40 eskribang [[Alehandriya]]no ay naghanda ng mga bibliya para kay Constans. Pinaniniwalaang ang mga bibliyang inutos ni emperador Constantino ang naging dahilan upang likhain ang mga [[kanon]]. Bagaman nakatuon si Constantino I sa pagpapanatili ng [[Kredong Niceno]], si Constantino ay naging determinado na papayapain ang sitwasyon at kalaunan ay naging mas maluwag sa mga kinondena at ipinatapon ng [[Unang Konseho ng Nicaea]]. Pinayagan ni Constantino I si [[Eusebio ng Nicomedia]] na protégé ng kanyang kapatid na babae at si Theognis na bumalik matapos lumagda ng isang hindi malinaw na pahayag. Ang dalawang ito at ibang mga kaibigan ni Arius ay gumawa para sa rehabilitasyon ni Arius. Sa Unang Synod ng Tyre noong 335 CE, sila ay nagdala ng mga akusasyon laban kay [[Atanasio]] na obispo ng [[Alehandriya]] at tagapagtaguyod ng pananampalatayang [[Kredong Niceno|Niceno]]. Si Atanasio ay ipinatapon ni Constantino na tumuring sa kanyang isang hadlang sa pakikipagkasunduan. Kalaunan ay naakay si Dakilang Constantino I sa [[Arianismo]] at binautismuhan ng obispong [[Ariano]] na si [[Eusebio ng Nicomedia]] noong 2 Mayo 337 CE bago mamatay si Constantino. Si [[Eusebio ng Nicomedia]] ay napakaimpluwensiyal sa Imperyo kahit pagkatapos ng kanyang kamatayan na pinakinggan ni anak ni Constantino na si Emperador [[Constantius II]] ang kanyang payo at ni [[Eudoxus ng Constantinople]] na tangkaing akayin ang [[Imperyo Romano]] sa [[Arianismo]] sa pamamagitan ng paglikha ng mga Konsehong Ariano at opisyal na mga doktrinang Ariano.<ref name="guitton-pp86">Guitton, "Great Heresies and Church Councils", pp.86.</ref> Dahil kay Eusebio ng Nicomedia na "Sa kabuuan, si Constantino at ang kanyang mga kahalili sa trono ay gumawang miserable sa mga pinuno ng Simbahan na naniwala sa [[Kredong Niseno|Niseno]] at sa pormulang [[Trinidad|Trinitariano]] nito."<ref name="ellingsen-pp119">Ellingsen, "Reclaiming Our Roots: An Inclusive Introduction to Church History, Vol. I, The Late First Century to the Eve of the Reformation", pp.119.</ref> Si Constantino I ay namatay noong 337 CE na nag-iwan sa kanyang anak na si [[Constantius II]] na pumabor sa [[Arianismo]] bilang emperador ng [[Silangang Imperyo Romano]] at ang isa pang anak ni Constantino I na si [[Constans]] na pumabor naman sa [[Kredong Niseno]] bilang emperador ng [[Kanlurang Imperyo Romano]]. Ang isang konseho sa [[Antioquia]] noong 341 CE ay naglabas ng isang pagpapatibay ng pananampalataya na hindi nagsama ng sugnay na ''homoousion'' (ng parehong substansiya). Si Constantius na nakatira sa [[Sirmium]] ay nagtipon ng Unang Konseho ng Sirmium noong 347 CE. Ito ay sumalungat kay Photinus na obispo ng Sirmium na isang Anti-Ariano na may paniniwalang katulad kay Macellus. Noong 350 CE, si Constantius ang naging tanging emperador ng parehong Silangan at Kanluran ng Imperyo na naging dahilan ng isang temporaryong paglakas ng [[Arianismo]]. Sa Ikalawang Konseho ng Sirmium noong 351 CE, si Basil na obispo ng Ancyra at pinuno ng mga semi-Ariano ay nagpatalsik kay Photinus. Ang mga semi-Ariano ay naniwala na ang Anak ay "ng katulad na substansiya" (''homoiousios'') sa Ama. Ang mga konseho ay idinaos sa Arles noong 353 CE at Milan noong 355 CE kung saan kinondena ang pro-Nicenong si [[Atanasio]]. Noong 356 CE, si [[Atanasio]] ay ipinatapon at si George ay hinirang na obispo ng [[Simbahan ng Alehandriya]]. Ang Ikatlong Konseho ng Sirmium noong 357 CE ay isang mataas na punto ng Arianismo. Ang Ikapitong Konpesyong Ariano (Ikalawang konpesyong Sirmium) ay nagsaad na ang parehong ''homoousio'' (ng parehong isang substansiya) at ''homoiousios'' (ng katulad ngunit hindi parehong substansiya) ay hindi [[bibliya|biblikal]] at ang [[Subordinasyonismo|Ama ay mas dakila sa Anak]]. Ang isang konseho sa Ancyra noong 358 CE na pinangasiwaan ni Basil ay naglabas ng isang pahayag na gumagamit ng terminong ''homoousios''. Gayunpaman, ang ikaapat na Konseho ng Sirmium noong 358 ay nagmungkahi ng isang malabong kompromiso na ang Anak ay ''homoios'' (katulad na substansiya) ng Ama. Sa dalawang mga konseho noong 359 CE sa Rimini at Seleucia ay tinangka ni Constantius na ipataw ang pormulang ''homoios'' ng Sirmium IV sa Simbahang Kristiyano. Ang [[Konseho ng Constinople (360)|Konseho ng Constantinople noong 360 CE]] ay sumuporta sa isang kompromiso na pumapayag sa parehong magkatunggaling pananaw na [[kredong Niseno|Niceno]] at [[Arianismo]]. Ang isang konseho sa Constantinople noong 361 CE ay nagpatibay ng ''homoios'' (katulad sa substansiya) na nagsasaad na ang Anak ay "katulad ng Ama na nagpanganak sa kaniya". Itinakwil din nito ang ousia (substansiya). Gayunpaman, sa kamatayan ni Constantius noong 361 CE, ang [[Kredong Niceno|partidong Niceno]] na nagpatibay ng ''homoosuios'' (ng parehas na substansiya) ay nagpalakas ng posisyon nito. Sa kamatayan ni [[Athanasio]] noong 373 CE, ang mga [[mga amang Capadocio]] ay nanguna sa pagsuporta ng [[Kredong Niceno|pananampalatayang Niceno]]. ====Pagtatatag ng Ortodoksiyang Katoliko==== {{main|Arianismo|Trinidad}}Sa kanyang pamumuno, kailangang komprontahin ni Emperador [[Valens]] ang pagkakaiba sa mga teolohiya ng Kristiyanismo na nagsisimulang lumikha ng pagkakahati sa Imperyo. Tinangka ni [[Emperador Julian]] (361–363) na muling buhayin ang mga relihiyong [[pagano]]. Gayunpaman, sa kabila ng malawak na suporta, ang kanyang aksiyon ay nakitang malabis at bago mamatay ay kinamuhian. Tulad ng mga magkapatid na mga Emperador na si [[Constantius II]] at [[Constans]], sina Emperador [[Valens]] at [[Valentinian I]] ay nag-aangkin ng magkaibang mga pananaw teolohikal. Si Valens ay isang [[Arianismo|Ariano]] samantalang si Valentinian I ay naniwala sa [[Kredong Niceno]]. Pinaboran ni Valens ang pangkat na gumamit ng pormulang ''homoios'' (ng katulad na substansiya) na teolohiyang kilala sa karamihan ng Silangan at sa ilalim ng mga anak ni Constantino ay tumibay sa Kanluran. Gayunpaman, nang mamatay si Valens, ang sanhi ng [[Arianismo]] sa Romanong Silangan ay nagwakas. Noong 380 CE, ang [[Unang Konseho ng Nicaea|Kristiyanismong Niceno]] bilang pagsalungat sa [[Arianismo]] ay naging opisyal na [[relihiyon]] ng Imperyo Romano.<ref>Duffy, p. 34.</ref> Itinaguyod ng kanyang kahaliling emperador na si [[Theodosius I]] ang [[Kredong Niceno]] na interpretasyon na pinaniniwalaan ng Simbahan sa Roma at [[Simbahan sa Alehandriya]]. Noong 27 Pebrero 380 CE, sina [[Theodosius I]], [[Gratian]] at [[Valentinian II]] ay naglimbag ng "Kautusan ng Tesalonica" upang ang ihayag ng lahat ng kanilang mga nasasakupan ang pananampalataya ng mga obispo ng Roma na si [[Papa Damaso I]] at ng papa ng [[Simbahan ng Alehandriya]] na si [[Papa Pedro II ng Alehandriya]] na [[Kredong Niceno|pananampalatayang Niceno]].<ref name=theodosius>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/theodcodeXVI.html |title=Theodosian Code XVI.i.2, Medieval Sourcebook: Banning of Other Religions |access-date=2012-12-03 |archive-date=2007-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227120555/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/theodcodeXVI.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kanyang binigyan ng pinahintulutan ang mga tagasunod ng kautusang ito na kunin ang pamagat na "Katolikong Kristiyano".<ref name="theodosius"/> Ang Kautusang ito ay inilabas sa ilalim ng impluwensiya ni [[Acholius]] at kaya ay ni [[Papa Damaso I]] na humirang sa kanya. Si Acholius ang obispo ng Tesalonika na nagbautismo kay Theodosius I pagkatapos nitong magkaroon ng malalang sakit. Noong 26 Nobyembre 380 CE, dalawang araw pagkatapos niyang makarating sa [[Constantinopla]], kanyang pinatalsik ang obispong hindi-Niceno na si [[Demophilus ng Constantinopla]] at hinirang si [[Meletius of Antioch|Meletius]] patriarka ng [[Antioquia]] at [[Gregorio ng Nazianzus]] na isa sa mga [[mga amang Capadocio]], [[patriarka ng Constantinopla]]. Noong Mayo 381 CE, hinimok ni Theodosius ang isang bagong [[Unang Konseho ng Constantinople|konsehong ekumenikal sa Constantinopla]] upang kumpunihin ang pagkakahati sa pagitan ng Silangan at Kanluran sa batayan ng [[Kredong Niceno|ortodoksiyang Niceno]].<ref>Williams and Friell, p54.</ref> Inilarawan ng konseho ang ortodoksiya kabilang ang misteryosong Ikatlong Persona ng [[Trinidad]], na [[Banal na Espirito]] na bagaman katumbas ng Ama ay nagmula sa kanya samantalang ang Anak ay ipinanganak ng Ama.<ref name="p55">William and Friell, p55.</ref> Hanggang noong mga 360 CE, ang mga debateng teolohikal ay pangunahing nauukol sa pagkadiyos ng Anak. Gayunpaman, dahil hindi nilinaw sa [[Unang Konseho ng Nicaea]] (325 CE) ang pagkadiyos ng ''Banal na Espirito'', ito ay patuloy na naging paksa ng debate sa pagitan ng mga pangkat Kristiyano. Ang paniniwala ng sektang [[Pneumatomachi]] na ang ''Banal na Espirito'' ay isang nilalang ng Anak at lingkod ng Ama at Anak ay nagtulak sa [[Unang Konseho ng Constantinople]] (381 CE) na tinipon ni Theodosius I na idagdag sa [[Kredong Niseno]] ang, "''At sa Banal na Espiritu, ang Panginoon, ang Tagabigay ng Buhay, Na nagmumula sa Ama, na kasama ng Ama at Anak ay katumbas na sinasamba at niluluwalhati...''" Kinondena rin ng Konsehong ito (381 CE) ang mga paniniwalang Kristiyano na [[Arianismo]], [[Apollinarismo]] at [[Pneumatomachi]] at niliwanag ang mga hurisdiksiyon ng simbahang estado ng Imperyo Romano ayon sa mga hangganang sibil at nagpasya na ang [[Constantinopla]] ay ikalawa sa karapatan sa pangunguna sa Roma.<ref name="p55" /> Noong 383 CE, iniutos ni Theodosius I sa iba't ibang mga hindi-[[Kredong Niceno|Nicenong]] sektang Kristiyano na [[Arianismo]], [[Anomoeanismo]], [[Macedoniano (sekta)|Macedoniano]] at [[Novatian]] na magsumite ng isinulat na mga kredo sa kanya na kanyang siniyasat at pagkatapos ay sinunog maliban sa kredo ng mga Novatian. Ang ibang mga sekta ay nawalan ng karapatan na magpulong, mag-ordina ng mga pari nito at ikalat ang kanilang mga paniniwala.<ref>Boyd (1905), p. 47</ref> Ipinagbawal ni Theodosius I ang pagtira ng mga [[erehiya|eretiko]] sa loob ng [[Constantinopla]] at noong 392 CE at 394 CE ay sinamsam ang kanilang mga lugar ng sambahan.<ref>Boyd (1905), p. 50</ref>. Ang Ikatlong Konsehong Ekumenikal na [[Unang Konseho ng Efeso]] (431 CE) ay muling nagpatibay ng ''orihinal na bersiyon'' ng Kredong Niceno (325 CE) <ref>It was the original 325 creed, not the one that is attributed to the second Ecumenical Council in 381, that was recited at the Council of Ephesus ([http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/ephesus.html The Third Ecumenical Council. The Council of Ephesus, p. 202] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000816024110/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/ephesus.html |date=2000-08-16 }}).</ref> at idineklara na "''hindi nararapat para sa anumang tao na magsulong o sumulat o lumikha ng isang {{lang|grc|ἑτέραν}} (na isinaling "iba", "kasalungat" at hindi "iba pa") na Pananampalataya na itinatag ng mga banal na ama na nagtipon kasama ng Banal na Multo sa Nicæa (i.e. [[Kredong Niceno]] noong 325 CE)''".<ref>[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.x.xvi.xi.html Excursus on the Words πίστιν ἑτέραν]</ref><ref>[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.x.xvi.x.html Canon VII] of the Council of Ephesus</ref> Ang ilang mga modernong eskolar ay naniniwalang ang kredong Niceno ng 381 CE ay isinaad ng mga obispo sa Constantinopla ngunit hindi prinomulga bilang isang opisyal na akto sa Konseho. Ang ilang mga skolar ay tumututol rin kung ang Kredong Niceno ng 381 CE ay isang simpleng pagpapalawig ng Kredong Niceno ng 325 CE o ng isang tradisyonal na kredo na kapareho ngunit hindi katulad ng kredong Niceno ng 325 CE. Noong 451 CE, tinukoy ng [[Konseho ng Chalcedon]] ang Kredong Niseno ng 381 CE bilang "''ang kredo...ng 150 banal na mga amang nagtipon sa Constantinopla.''" <ref>{{cite book |title=Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils |url=https://archive.org/details/decreesofecumeni0000norm_l8e1 |author= Norman Tanner |author2= Giuseppe Alberigo |location= Washington, DC |publisher=Georgetown University Press |year=1990 |page=[https://archive.org/details/decreesofecumeni0000norm_l8e1/page/n245 84]}}</ref> ===Pag-uusig ng mga Kristiyano sa paganismo=== Ang pag-uusig ng mga Kristiyano sa [[paganismo]] sa ilalim ni Theodosius I ay nagsimula noong 381 CE pagkatapos ng unang ilang taon ng kanyang pamumuno sa Silangang Imperyo Romano. Noong 380, inulit ni Theodosius I ang pagbabawal ni Constantino sa paghahandog na pagano, ipinagbawal ang [[haruspicy]] sa parusa ng kamatayan, pinangunahan ang kriminalisasyon ng mga Mahistrado na hindi nagpapatupad ng mga batas na anti-pagano, winasak ang mga ugnayang pagano at winasak ang mga templong pagano. Sa pagitan ng 389–391, kanyang inihayag ang mga atas na Theodosian na nagbabawal ng paganismo.<ref name="TheodosianCode16.10.11">Theodosian Code 16.10.11</ref><ref name="Routery1997ch4">Routery, Michael (1997) [http://www.vinland.org/scamp/grove/kreich/chapter4.html ''The First Missionary War. The Church take over of the Roman Empire'', Ch. 4, ''The Serapeum of Alexandria'']</ref><ref name="TheodosianCode16.10.10">Theodosian Code 16.10.10</ref> Siya ay nag-atas ng komprehensihibong batas na nagbabawal sa anumang paganong ritwal kahit sa pribasiya ng tahanan ng mga ito <ref name="hughes">[http://www.ewtn.com/library/CHISTORY/HUGHHIST.TXT "A History of the Church", Philip Hughes, Sheed & Ward, rev ed 1949] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223191523/http://www.ewtn.com/library/CHISTORY/HUGHHIST.TXT |date=2018-12-23 }}, vol I chapter 6.</ref> at umapi sa mga [[Manichean]].<ref name="FirstChristianTheologiansp68">"The First Christian Theologians: An Introduction to Theology in the Early Church", Edited by Gillian Rosemary Evans, contributor Clarence Gallagher SJ, "The Imperial Ecclesiastical Lawgivers", p68, Blackwell Publishing, 2004, {{ISBN|0-631-23187-0}}</ref> Ang paganismo ay pinagbabawal na, isang "religio illicita."<ref name="HughesVol3">Hughes, Philip ''Studies in Comparative Religion'', ''The Conversion of the Roman Empire'', Vol 3, CTS.</ref> Noong 385, ang bagong legal na autoridad na ito ng nananaig na bersiyon ng Kristiyanismo ay humantong sa unang paggamit ng parusang kamatayan na inihahayag bilang sentensiya sa [[erehiya|eretikong Kristiyanong]] si [[Priscillian]]. <ref name = "HereticsExecuted"> {{cite web | year = 2009 | url = http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/lecture27b.html | title= Lecture 27: Heretics, Heresies and the Church | accessdate = 2010-04-24}} Review of Church policies towards heresy, including capital punishment (see Synod at Saragossa). </ref> ====Pagkakalikha ng Kanon na Katoliko==== Sa panahong ito, ang kasalukuyang bersiyon [[kanon]] ng katoliko ng [[bibliya]] ay unang opisyal na inilatag sa mga [[konseho ng simbahan]] at synod. Bago ang mga konsehong ito, ang iba't ibang mga pangkat Kristiyano ay may kanya kanyang pinaniniwalaang [[kanon]]. Si [[Marcion ng Sinope]] na isang obispong Kristiyano ng [[Asya menor]] na tumungo sa Roma at kalaunang itiniwalag ng kanyang mga kalabang Kristiyano para sa kanyang [[Marcionismo|mga pananaw]] ang pinaniniwalaan na kauna-unahang Kristiyano na nagmungkahi ng isang depinitibo, eksklusibo, at isang [[kanon]] ng mga kasulatang Kristiyano na kanyang tinipon sa pagitan nang 130–140 CE.<ref>http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/marcion.html</ref> Kanyang itinakwil ang ibang mga ebanghelyo maliban sa kanyang bersiyon ng [[Ebanghelyo ni Lucas]] at 10 sa kanyang bersiyon ng mga [[sulat ni Pablo]] at hindi kasama ang [[1 Timoteo]], [[2 Timoteo]], [[Tito]] at [[Sulat sa mga Hebreo]]. Ang mga sektang Kristiyanong gaya ng mga [[Ebionita]] at iba pa ay tumakwil sa lahat ng mga [[sulat ni Pablo]] at tumuring kay [[Apostol Pablo]] na isang ''impostor na apostol''. Ang isang sekta ng Kristiyanismo noong ca. 170 CE na tinawag ng kanilang kalaban na si [[Epiphanius ng Salamis]] na [[alogi]] ay tumakwil sa [[Ebanghelyo ni Juan]] (at posibleng ang [[Aklat ng Pahayag]] at mga sulat ni Juan) bilang hindi apostoliko at itinuro ng sektang ito ang [[ebanghelyo ni Juan]] na isinulat ng [[gnostiko]]ng si [[Cerinthus]]. Si Cerinthus ay tumanggap lamang sa isang ebanghelyo na [[Ebanghelyo ni Mateo]]. Ang isang ''apat'' na ebanghelyong kanon (Tetramorph) ay unang isinulong ni [[Irenaeus]] noong c. 180 CE. Si Ireneaus rin ang kauna-unahang Kristiyano na nagbanggit ng apat na ebanghelyo sa mga pangalan na Mateo, Marcos, Lucas at Juan. Sa kanyang akdang [[Adversus Haereses]], kinondena ni Irenaeus ang mga sinaunang pangkat na sekta ng Kristiyanismo na gumamit lamang ng ''isang ebanghelyo'' gaya ng [[Marcionismo]] (na gumamit lamang ng [[Ebanghelyo ni Lucas]]) o mga [[Ebionita]] na tila gumamit ng isang bersiyong [[Aramaiko]] ng Ebanghelyo ni Mateo gayundin ang ilang mga pangkat na gumamit ng higit sa apat na mga ebanghelyo gaya ng mga [[Valentinianismo|Valentinian]] (A.H. 1.11). Ang dahilang ibinigay ni Irenaeus sa ''kanyang'' pagtanggap ng 4 na ebanghelyo ay, "''hindi posibleng may higit o kakaunti sa apat na ebanghelyo''" dahil ang daigdig ay may apat na sulok at apat na hangin (3.11.8). Ang may akda ng [[Pragmentong Muratorian]] na ipinagpapalagay na isinulat noong ca. 170 CE dahil sa pagbanggit sa Obispo ng Roma na si Papa [[Pío I]] (bagaman ang ilan ay naniniwalang isinulat ito noong ika-4 [[siglo]] CE) ay nagtala ng karamihan ngunit hindi lahat ng mga aklat ng naging 27 aklat ng bagong tipan. Hindi binanggit sa Pragmentong Muratorian ang [[Sulat sa mga Hebreo]], [[Unang Sulat ni Pedro]], [[Ikalawang Sulat ni Pedro]], [[Sulat ni Santiago]] at tumakwil sa mga liham na inangking isinulat ni [[Apostol Pablo]] na [[Sulat sa mga taga-Laodicea]] at [[Sulat sa mga taga-Alehandriyano]] na isinaad ng pagramentong Muratorian na "''pineke sa pangalan ni Pablo upang isulong ang erehiya ni Marcion.''" Ilan sa mga kasamang "kinasihang kasulatan" para kay [[Origen]] ang "''[[Sulat ni Barnabas]], [[Pastol ni Hermas]]'' at ''[[1 Clemente]]''" ngunit ang mga aklat na ito ay inalis ni [[Eusebio ng Caesarea]].<ref>McGuckin, John A. "Origen as Literary Critic in the Alexandrian Tradition.” 121–37 in vol. 1 of 'Origeniana octava: Origen and the Alexandrian Tradition.' Papers of the 8th International Origen Congress (Pisa, 27–31 Agosto 2001). Edited by L. Perrone. Bibliotheca Ephemeridum theologicarum Lovaniensium 164. 2 vols. Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2003.</ref> Ang mga mga aklat na ito ay tinawag ni [[Eusebio ng Caesarea]] na "[[antilegomena]]" o mga tinutulang aklat. Kabilang din sa antilegomena ang ''[[Sulat ni Santiago|Santiago]], [[Sulat ni Judas|Judas]], [[Ikalawang Sulat ni Pedro|2 Pedro]], [[Ikalawang Sulat ni Juan|2]] at [[Ikatlong Sulat ni Juan|3 Juan]], [[Aklat ng Pahayag|Apocalipsis ni Juan]], [[Apocalipsis ni Pedro]], [[Didache]], [[Ebanghelyo ayon sa mga Hebreo]], [[Mga Gawa ni Pablo]]''.<ref>Among the disputed writings, [των αντιλεγομένων], which are nevertheless recognized by many, are extant the so-called epistle of James and that of Jude, also the second epistle of Peter, and those that are called the second and third of John, whether they belong to the evangelist or to another person of the same name. Among the rejected writings must be reckoned also the Acts of Paul, and the so-called Shepherd, and the Apocalypse of Peter, and in addition to these the extant epistle of Barnabas, and the so-called Teachings of the Apostles; and besides, as I said, the Apocalypse of John, if it seem proper, which some, as I said, reject, but which others class with the accepted books. And among these some have placed also the Gospel according to the Hebrews, with which those of the Hebrews that have accepted Christ are especially delighted. And all these may be reckoned among the disputed books [των αντιλεγομένων].</ref> Noong 331 CE, kinomisyon ni [[Dakilang Constantino|Emperador Constantino]] si [[Eusebio ng Caesarea]] na maghatid ng 50 ''bibliya'' para sa [[Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso|Simabahn ng Constantinople]]. Itinala ni [[Atanasio]] na ang mga 40 skribang [[Alehandriya]]no ay naghanda ng mga bibliya para kay Constans. Pinaniniwalaang ang mga bibliyang inutos ni emperador Constantino ang naging dahilan upang likhain ang mga kanon. Noong 367 CE, si [[Atanasio]] na obispo ng [[Simbahan ng Alehandriya]] at tagapagtaguyod ng pananampalatayang [[Kredong Niceno|Niceno]] ay nagbigay ng listahan ng eksaktong parehong mga aklat na naging 27 aklat na kanon ng Bagong Tipan <ref>Carter Lindberg, A Brief History of Christianity (Blackwell Publishing, 2006) p. 15.</ref> at kanyang ginamit ang salitang "kanonisado" (kanonizomena) tungkol sa mga ito.<ref>David Brakke, "Canon Formation and Social Conflict in Fourth Century Egypt: Athanasius of Alexandria's Thirty Ninth Festal Letter", in Harvard Theological Review 87 (1994) pp. 395–419.</ref> Pinaniniwalaan ng ilan na sa [[Konseho ng Roma]] noong 382 CE nang i-atas ng Obispo ng Roma na si [[Papa Damaso I]] ang [[kanon]] na nagtatala ng mga tinanggap na aklat ng Lumang Tipan (kasama ang [[Deuterokanoniko]]) at 27 aklat ng Bagong Tipan. Gayunpaman, ang talaan ni Damaso (na isinaad na nagmula sa Konseho ng Roma) na isinama sa pseudepigrapikal na Decretum Gelasianum ay maaring hindi mula kay Damaso.<ref>http://www.tertullian.org/articles/burkitt_gelasianum.htm</ref> Noong 391 CE, kinomisyon ni Papa Damaso I si [[Jeronimo]] na isalin ang Lumang Tipan sa Latin na tinawag na [[Vulgata]].<ref name="StoryChristianity"> Collins, ''The Story of Christianity'' (1999), pp. 61–2</ref> Ang mga pinakamaagang salin ni Jeronimo ng Lumang Tipan ay batay sa mga rebisyon ni [[Origen]] ng [[Septuagint]] ngunit kalaunang direktang bumase sa orihinal na tekstong Hebreo na iba sa Septuagint sa maraming mga lugar. Ang kanyang desisyon na gumamit ng tekstong Hebreo sa halip na nakaraang isinaling Septuagint ay sumalungat sa payo ng karamihang ibang mga Kristiyano kabilang si [[Agustin ng Hipona]] na naniwalang ang [[Septuagint]] ay kinasihan ng Diyos. Gayunpaman, ang mga modernong skolar ay nagdududa sa aktuwal na kalidad ng kaalamang Hebreo ni [[Jeronimo]]. Ang mga modernong skolar ay naniniwalang ang Griyegong [[Hexapla]] ang pangunahing sanggunian para sa saling "iuxta Hebraeos" ni Jeronimo ng Lumang Tipan.<ref>Pierre Nautin, article ''Hieronymus'', in: Theologische Realenzyklopädie, Vol. 15, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin - New York 1986, p. 304–315, here p. 309-310.</ref> Itinakwil rin ni Jeronimo ang [[apokripa]]. Gayunpaman, ang kanyang mga pananaw ay hindi nanaig. Noong 393 CE sa [[Synod ng Hipona]], ang [[Septuagint]] (kasama ng [[Deuterokanoniko]] at 27 aklat ng [[Bagong Tipan]]) ay pinaniniwalaang kinanonisa dahil sa impluwensiya ni [[Agustin ng Hipona]].<ref>''The Canon Debate'', Sundberg, page 72, adds further detail: "However, it was not until the time of Augustine of Hippo (354–430 C.E.) that the Greek translation of the Jewish scriptures came to be called by the Latin term ''septuaginta''. [70 rather than 72] In his ''City of God'' 18.42, while repeating the [[Letter of Aristeas|story of Aristeas]] with typical embellishments, Augustine adds the remark, "It is their translation that it has now become traditional to call the Septuagint" ...[Latin omitted]... Augustine thus indicates that this name for the Greek translation of the scriptures was a recent development. But he offers no clue as to which of the possible antecedents led to this development: {{Bibleverse||Exod|24:1-8}}, [[Josephus]] [Antiquities 12.57, 12.86], or an elision. ...this name ''Septuagint'' appears to have been a fourth- to fifth-century development."</ref> Si [[Agustin ng Hipona]] ay naghayag na ang isa ay "magnanais ng mga tinatanggap ng lahat ng mga Simbahang Katoliko kesa sa mga hindi tinatanggap ng ilan sa kanila". Isinaad ni Augstin na ang mga sumasalungat na simbahan ay dapat mas higitan sa timbang ng mga opinyon ng mas marami at mas matimbang na mga simbahan. Epektibong pinwersa ni Augustin ang kanyang opinyon sa Simbahan sa pamamagitan ng pag-uutos ng tatlong mga synod tungkol sa kanonisidad: Ang [[synod ng Hipona]] (393 CE), [[synod ng Carthage]] (397 CE) at isa pa sa Carthage (419 CE). Ang mga synod na ito ay tinipon sa ilalim ng kapangyarihan ni [[Agustin ng Hipona]] na tumuring sa kanon bilang sarado na.<ref name="Ferguson, Everett">Ferguson, Everett. "Factors leading to the Selection and Closure of the New Testament Canon", in The Canon Debate. eds. L. M. McDonald & J. A. Sanders (Hendrickson, 2002) p. 320</ref><ref>F. F. Bruce, The Canon of Scripture (Intervarsity Press, 1988) p. 230</ref><ref>cf. Augustine, De Civitate Dei 22.8.</ref> Ang unang konseho na tumanggap ng kasalukuyang kanon ng mga aklat ng Bagong Tipan ay maaaring ang [[Synod ng Hipona]] sa [[Hilagang Aprika]] noong 393 CE. Kalaunang kinumpirma sa Mga Konseho ng Carthage noong 397 CE at 419 CE ang aksiyong kinuha sa Synod ng Hipona na muli ay dahil sa malaking impluwensiya ni Agustin ng Hipona.<ref>Ferguson, Everett. "Factors leading to the Selection and Closure of the New Testament Canon," in ''The Canon Debate''. eds. L. M. McDonald & J. A. Sanders (Hendrickson, 2002) p. 320; F. F. Bruce, ''The Canon of Scripture'' (Intervarsity Press, 1988) p. 230</ref><ref>cf. Augustine, ''De Civitate Dei'' 22.8</ref> Ang [[Aklat ng Pahayag]] ay idinagdag sa talaan noong 419 CE.<ref>McDonald & Sanders' ''The Canon Debate'', Appendix D-2, note 19: "Revelation was added later in 419 at the subsequent synod of Carthage."</ref> Ang kontrobersiya ay hindi natapos dito at hindi lahat ng mga Kristiyano ay tumatangap sa ''naging kanon na 27 aklat'' ng Bagong Tipan. Ang kanon ng Bagong Tipan ng Bibliyang [[Peshitta]] ng [[Kristiyanismong Syriac]] ay naglalaman lamang ng 22 aklat at hindi kasama rito ang [[2 Pedro]], [[2 Juan]], [[3 Juan]], [[Sulat ni Judas]] at [[Aklat ng Pahayag]]. Ang kanon na may 22 aklat ng Bagong Tipan ang binanggit nina [[Juan Crisostomo]] at [[Theodoret]] mula sa eskwelang [[Antioquia]]. Ang kanon ng Bagong Tipan ng [[Simbahang Etiopianong Ortodoksong Tewahedo]] ay naglalaman naman ng 35 aklat. Tinangkang alisin ni [[Martin Luther]] (1483–1546) sa kanon ng Bagong Tipan ang [[Sulat sa mga Hebreo]], [[Sulat ni Santiago]], [[Sulat ni Judas]] at [[Aklat ng Pahayag]]. Gayunpaman, ito ay hindi pangkalahatang tinatanggap ng kanyang mga tagasunod. Ang mga aklat na ito ay nilagay sa huli ng [[Bibliyang Luther]] hanggang sa kasalukuyan.<ref>http://www.bibelcenter.de/bibel/lu1545/ {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20100419071230/http://www.bibelcenter.de/bibel/lu1545/ |date=2010-04-19 }} note order: ... Hebr�er, Jakobus, Judas, Offenbarung; see also http://www.bible-researcher.com/links10.html</ref> Inilipat rin ni Luther ang mga [[deuterokanoniko]] sa isang seksiyong kanyang tinawag na [[apokripa]]. Sa ''De Canonicis Scripturis'' ng [[Konseho ng Trent]] (1545–1563) na pumasa sa isang boto (24 oo, 15 hindi, 16 nangilin) noong 1546, kinumpirma ng Konseho na ang mga aklat na [[deuterokanoniko]] ay kalebel ng ibang mga aklat ng kanon ng Lumang Tipan. Winakasan rin ng konseho ang debate sa [[antilegomena]] ng Bagong Tipan. ===Pagkakabaha-bahagi ng Kristiyanismo {{anchor|P}}=== [[Talaksan:Christianity major branches.svg|600px|thumb|center|Pagkakabahagi ng Kristiyanismo sa kasaysayan.]] Pagkatapos ng [[Konseho ng Efeso]] noong 431 CE, ang [[Iglesiang Assyrian ng Silangan]] ay humiwalay sa ibang mga obispo ng simbahan sa [[Bizantino]]. Ang konsehong ito ay ipinatawag ng mga obispo upang lutasin at talakayin ang mga paniniwala ng mga [[Nestorian]] na isinulong ni [[Nestorio]] na [[Ekumenikal na Patriarka ng Constantinople|Patriarka ng Constantinople]] noong 428–431 CE. Ang doktrina ni Nestorio ay nagbibigay-diin sa hindi pag-iisa ng kalikasang tao at diyos ni Hesus. Sa ibang salita, ang [[Nestorianismo]] ay nagtuturong si Hesus ay umiral bilang dalawang natatanging kalikasan na isang taong Hesus at isang diyos na anak ng diyos sa halip na pinag-isang persona at kaya ay tumutol rin sa paggamit ng [[Theotokos]] (Ina ng Diyos) para kay [[Maria (ina ni Hesus)|Maria]] na ina ni [[Hesus]] at sa halip ay gumamit ng Christotokos (Ina ni Kristo). Ang mga katuruang ito ni Nestorio ang nagdulot sa kanya sa pakikipag-alitan sa ibang mga mahalagang pinuno ng Iglesia na ang pinakilala dito ay si [[Cirilo ng Alehandriya]]. Si Nestorio at ang kanyang mga katuruan ay kalaunang kinondena ng [[Konseho ng Efeso]] noong 431 CE gayundin sa [[Konseho ng Chalcedon]] noong 451 CE. Ang pagkondenang ito sa Konseho ng Efeso ang nagtulak sa ibang mga simbahan ng Kristiyanismo na sumusuporta sa katuruan ni Nestorio na humiwalay sa [[Silangang Ortodokso|Simbahan sa Bizantino]]. Ang mga simbahang ito na humiwalay ay naging [[Simbahan ng Silangan]]. Sa [[Konseho ng Chalcedon]] na nasa [[Constantinople]] noong 451 CE, ang di pagkakasunduan ay nabuo sa pagitan ng karamihan ng mga obispo sa mga sakop ng Kristiyano at sa mga obispo na nakatalaga sa [[Ethiopia]], [[Alehandriya]], [[Armenia]], [[Syria]] at [[India]] hinggil sa paglalarawan ng pagkatao at pagkadiyos ni Hesus. Ang pakikipag-hiwalay ay dulot sa isang bahagi ng pagtanggi ni [[Papa Dioscoro I ng Alehandriya]] na [[Patriarka ng Alehandriya]] na tanggapin ang dogma na pinalaganap ng [[Konseho ng Chalcedon]] na si Hesus ay may dalawang kalikasan na isang diyos at isang tao sa isang persona. Ang pananaw ni Dioscoro ay sumusunod sa pananaw ni Cirilo ng "''[[Miapisismo|isang kalikasan ng Diyos na Salitang naging tao]]''" na nangangahulugang pagkatapos ng pagkakatawang ni Kristo, ang kanyang pagkaDiyos at pagkatao ay buong nagkakaisa sa isang kalikasan kay Kristo. Isinaad ni Dioscoro na hindi niya tinatanggap "ang dalawang mga kalikasan pagkatapos ng pagkakaisa" ngunit hindi siya tumututol sa "mula sa dalawang mga kalikasan pagkatapos ng pagkakaisa". Para sa mga pinuno o hierarka na naging pinuno ng [[Ortodoksong Oriental]], ang pananaw ng Konseho ng Chalcedon ay katumbas ng pagtanggap sa [[Nestorianismo]]. Ang Konseho ng Chalcedon ay kumondena sa posisyon ni [[Papa Dioscoro I ng Alehandriya|Dioscoro]] na kanilang inalis sa tungkulin at pinatapon. Ang mga humiwalay na simbahan at tumakwil sa [[Konseho ng Chalcedon]] na tinatawag na ''[[Kristiyanismong hindi-Chalcedoniano]]'' ang mga [[Simbahang Oriental na Ortodokso]]. Ang sektang [[Oriental na Ortodokso]] sa kasalukuyang panahon ay kinabibilangan ng [[Coptikong Simbahan ng Ehipto]], [[Etiopianong Ortodoksong Simbahang Tewahedo]], [[Simbahang Ortodoksong Syriac]], [[Simbahang Armenianong Ortodokso]], at Simbahang Malankara (Indian) Ortodokso. Si Dioscoro ay namatay sa pagkakatapon noong 454 CE. Pinahintulutan ng [[emperador]] ang paglalagay ng obispo (partiarka) na Alehandriyanong si [[Proterio ng Alehandriya|Proterio]] na humalili sa sede (diocese) ng [[Alehandriya]], Ehipto. Ang pagkahirang kay Proterio na isang [[Kristiyanismong Chalcedoniano|Chalcedoniano]] ay humantong sa pagkakabahagi sa pagitan ng ''hindi-Chalcedonianong'' [[Koptikong Ortodoksong Simbahan ng Alehandriya]] at ''Chalcedonianong'' [[Simbahang Ortodoksong Griyego ng Alehandriya]] na hindi kailanman na nalutas. Kalaunan, ang mga Kristiyano sa [[Alehandriya]] na sumusuporta kay Dioscoro ay naghimagsik sa hinirang na dayuhang obispo. Pinagsasaksak ng mga Kristiyanong Alehandriyano si Proterio, kanilang kinaladkad ang kanyang bangkay sa buong lungsod at pinagpuputol-putol ang kanyang bangkay at sinunog at ikinalat ang mga abo nito sa hangin. Si Proterio ay hinalinan ng ''hindi-Chalcedonianong'' si [[Papa Timoteo II ng Alehandriya]] ngunit noong 460 CE ay pinatalsik ng Emperador na naglagay sa Chalcedonianong si [[Patriarka Timoteo III ng Alehandriya|Timoteo III]] bilang Patriarka. Ang mga Alehandriyanong Kristiyano na ''hindi-Chalcedoniano'' ay tumugon sa pamamagitan ng muling paglalagay sa katunggaling patriarkang hindi-Chalcedoniano na si [[Papa Timoteo II ng Alehandriya]]. Ang pinakamahalagang pagkakabahagi ay naganap noong 1054 CE na nagdulot ng matinding pinsala sa pagkakaisa ng ''[[Kristiyanismong Chalcedoniano]]''. Ito ay resulta sa ilang siglo na pagkakaibang kultural (o teolohikal) sa pagitan ng Silangan (Bizantino) at Kanlurang bahagi ng Iglesiang Kristiyano. Ito ay nangyari nang itiwalag ng [[papa ng Simbahang Katoliko Romano|papa sa Roma]] ang [[Ekumenikal na Patriarka ng Constantinople|patriarka ng Bizantino]] at itiniwalag naman nang patriarka ng Bizantino ang papa sa Roma. Ang pagkakabahagi ay sanhi ng pag-aangkin na ang papa sa Roma ang pangkalahatang autoridad sa buong mga kristiyano. Kabilang din sa mga pinag-talunan ng mga ito ang araw na isasagawa ang [[easter]], kung ang [[purgatoryo]] ay tamang konsepto, kung ang may [[lebadura]] o walang lebadurang tinapay ay ihahandog bilang [[komunyon]] at kakainin sa mga banal na araw gayundin ang katayuan ng [[banal na espiritu]]. Ang mga [[Silangang Ortodokso|Kristiyanong Bizantino]] ay naniwalang ang banal na espiritu ay nagmula "lamang" sa Diyos Ama samantalang ang Kanlurang simbahan na nakabase sa Roma ay naniwalang ang banal na espiritu ay [[Filioque|nagmula sa parehong Ama at Anak]]. Ang Silangang Kristiyanismo ay tinawag na [[Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso]] at ang Kanluraning Kristiyanismo ang naging Simbahang Katoliko Romano. ===Mga Gitnang Panahon=== Pagkatapos ng pagbagsak ng imperyo Romano noong 476 CE, ang Simbahang romano katoliko ay nakipagtunggali sa [[Arianismo]] sa pang-aakay ng mga tribong barbarian.<ref name="LeGoff20">Le Goff, ''Medieval Civilization'' (1964), pp. 5–20</ref> Ang kombersiyon ng paganong haring si [[Clovis]] sa Kristiyano ay nakakita ng pagsisimula ng isang patuloy na pag-akyat ng Kristiyanismo sa Kanluranin.<ref name="LeGoff21">Le Goff, ''Medieval Civilization'' (1964), p. 21</ref> Noong 530, isinulat ni [[Benedicto ng Nursia]] ang isang gabay na praktikal sa buhay ng pamayanang [[monastiko]]. Ang mensahe nito ay kumalat sa mga [[monasteryo]] sa buong Europa.<ref name="Woods27">Woods, ''How the Church Built Western Civilization'' (2005), p. 27</ref> Sa simula ng ikawalong siglo CE, ang [[ikonoklasmong Bizantino]] ay naging pangunahing pinagmulan ng alitan sa pagitan ng mga [[Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso|simbahang Silanganin]] at Simbahang Kanluranin. Ipinagbawal ng mga emperador na [[Bizantino]] ang paglikha at benerasyon ng mga larawang relihiyoso o mga imahe bilang paglabag sa ''[[Sampung Utos|ikalawang utos]]'' ng [[Hudaismo]] na ''Huwag kang gagawa ng imahen ng anumang nilalang na nasa langit, nasa lupa, o nasa tubig upang sambahin. Huwag mo silang yuyukuran ni sasambahin sapagkat akong si Yahweh na iyong Diyos ay mapanibughuing Diyos. Ang kasalanan ng mga magulang ay sinisingil ko sa kanilang mga anak hanggang sa ikatlo at ikaapat na salinlahi'' ([[Aklat ng Exodo]] 20:4-5). Para sa mag ikonoklasto (anti-ikono), ang tanging tunay na imahe ay dapat eksaktong wangis ng prototipo na parehong substansiya na kanilang itinuturing na imposible dahil ang kahoy at mga imahe ay hindi naglalaman ng espirito at buhay. Para sa mga anti-ikono, ang tanging tunay na ikono ni [[Hesus]] ang Eukarista na katawan at dugo ni Kristo. Si Papa [[Gregorio III]] ay hindi umayon.<ref name="Vidmar103">Vidmar, Jedin 34</ref> Bilang tugon sa mga ikonoklasto, ang mga ikonodulo (pro-ikono) ay nangatwirang inutos ng Diyos kay [[Moises]] na gumawa ng dalawang mga estatwa ng [[kerubin]] sa Arko ng tipan (Exodus 25:18–22) at burdahan ang kurtina ng tabernakulo ng mga kerubin (Exodo 26:31). Sa karagdagan, kanila ring ikinatwiran na ang mga idolo ay kumakatawan sa mga taong walang realidad samantalang ang mga ikono ay naglalarawan ng mga tunay na persona. Samakatuwid sa kanilang pananaw, ang ''lahat ng mga imahe na hindi ng kanilang pananampalataya ay mga idolo at ang lahat ng mga imahe ng kanilang pananampalataya ay mga ikonong pinapipitagan'' na maihahambing sa kasanayan sa Lumang Tipan ng paghahandog ''lamang'' ng mga handog sa Diyos ng [[Hudaismo]] at hindi sa ibang mga Diyos ng ibang [[relihiyon]]. Ang Simbahang Kanluranin ay nanatiling matibay sa pagsuporta nito sa paggamit ng mga imahe sa panahong ito na humantong sa malaking paghahati ng mga tradisyong [[Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso|simbahang Silanganin]] at Simbahang Kanluranin. Ang [[Konseho ng Hieria]] ay tinipon ng emperador na Bizantinong si [[Constantino V]] noong 754 CE na nagpatibay sa posisyong ikonklasto (anti-ikono) ng emperador. Ideneklara ng konseho ng Hieria ang sarili nito bilang ''ang ikapitong konsehong ekumenikal'' ngunit ito ay hindi tinatanggap ng [[Silangang Ortodokso]] at [[Romano Katoliko]].<ref>[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/icono-cncl754.asp Medieval Sourcebook: Iconoclastic Council, 754] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023080921/http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/icono-cncl754.asp |date=2014-10-23 }}, Fordham University</ref> Ang bagong [[Irene ng Atenas|emperatris na si Irene]] ay tumawag sa [[Ikalawang Konseho ng Nicaea]] noong 787 na muling bumuhay sa benerasyon ng mga ikono sa [[Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso|Simbahang Silanganin]] na muling nagsanhi ng pagkakaisa ng Simbahangang Silanganin sa Simbahang Kanluranin. Ideneklara ng [[Ikalawang Konseho ng Nicaea]] ang sarili nito bilang ''ang ikapitong konsehong ekumenikal''. Sa pagtatapos, ang 300 mga obispo na pinangunahan ng mga kinatawan ni [[Papa Adriano I]] ay tumangap sa katuruan ng Papa na pabor sa mga ikono. Gayunpaman, ang [[Konseho ng Constantinople (815)|Konseho ng Constantinople noong 815]] ay idinaos na muling nagbabalik ng pagbabawal sa mga ikono at tumatakwil sa desisyon ng mas maagang [[Ikalawang Konseho ng Nicaea]] at muling nagpapatibay ng desisyon ng [[Konseho ng Hieria]]. Sa koronasyon ni [[Carlomagno]] ni papa [[Leo III]] noong 800, ang kapapahan ay nagkamit ng bagong protektor sa kanluran. Ito ay nagpalaya sa mga papa mula sa kapangyarihan ng emperador sa Constantinople. Ito ay humantong sa [[paghahating Silangan-Kanluran]] dahil ang mga emperador at ang mga [[patriarka ng Constantinople]] ay nagbigay kahulugan sa kanilang mga sarili na mga tunay na inapo ng imperyo Romano na may petsang bumabalik sa mga pagsisimula ng simbahan.<ref>Jedin 36</ref> Tumanggi si Papa [[Nicholas II]] na kilalalin ang [[Patriarkang Photios I ng Constantinople]] na umatake naman sa papa bilang eretiko dahil pinanatili nito ang [[filioque]] sa kredo na tumutukoy sa banal na espirito na nagmumula sa diyos ama at anak. Ang kapapahan ay napalakas sa pamamagitan ng kanyang mga bagong alyansa na lumikha ng bagong problema para sa mga papa nang sa [[kontrobersiyang imbestitura]], ang mga humaliling emperador ay naghangad na hirangin ang mga obispo at kahit ang panghinaharap na mga papa.<ref name="Vidmar107">Vidmar, ''The Catholic Church Through the Ages'' (2005), pp. 107–11</ref><ref name="Duffy78">Duffy, ''Saints and Sinners'' (1997), p. 78, quote: "By contrast, Paschal's successor [[Pope Eugene II|Eugenius II]] (824–7), elected with imperial influence, gave away most of these papal gains. He acknowledged the Emperor's sovereignty in the papal state, and he accepted a constitution imposed by Lothair which established imperial supervision of the administration of Rome, imposed an oath to the Emperor on all citizens, and required the Pope–elect to swear fealty before he could be consecrated. Under [[Pope Sergius II|Sergius II]] (844–7) it was even agreed that the Pope could not be consecrated without an imperial mandate, and that the ceremony must be in the presence of his representative, a revival of some of the more galling restrictions of Byzantine rule."</ref> Pagkatapos ng disintegrasyon ng imperyo ni Carlomagno at paulit ulit na pananakop ng mga pwersang [[Islam]]iko, ang kapapahan nang walang anumang proteksiyon ay pumasok sa yugto ng isang malaking kahinaan.<ref>Franzen. 36-42</ref> Ang [[repormang Cluniac]] ng mga monasteryo na nagsimula noong 910 ay naglagay sa mga abbot sa ilalim ng direktang kontrol ng papa kesa sa sekular na kontrol ng mga panginoong [[feudal]].<ref name="Duffy88">Duffy, ''Saints and Sinners'' (1997), pp.&nbsp;88–9</ref> Sa ikalabingisang siglo CE, ang [[Paghahating Silangan-Kanluran]] ay permanenteng naghati sa Kristiyanismo.<ref name="SandSp91">Duffy, ''Saints and Sinners'' (1997), p. 91</ref> Ito ay lumitaw sa isang alitan kung ang Constantinople o Roma ay may hurisdiksiyon sa Sicily at humantong sa mga mutual na pagtitiwalag ng papa sa patriarka at ng patriarka sa papa noong 1054.<ref name="SandSp91"/> Mula nito, ang Kanluran (Latin) na nasa Roma na sangay ng Kritiyanismo ay naging Romano Katoliko samantalang ang Silanganing (Griyego) na nasa Constantinople sangay ay naging [[Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso]].<ref name="StoChris44">Collins, ''The Story of Christianity'' (1999), p. 103</ref><ref name="Vidmar104">Vidmar, ''The Catholic Church Through the Ages'' (2005), p.&nbsp;104</ref> Ang ikalabingisang siglo CE ay nakakakita ng [[kontrobersiyang imbestitura]] sa pagitan ng emperador at papa sa karapatan na gumawa ng mga paghirang ng simbahan na isang pangunahing yugto ng paglalaban sa pagitan ng estado at simbahan sa mediebal na Europa. Ang kapapahan ang mga nanalo sa simula ngunit dahil ang mga Italyano ay nahati sa pagitan ng mga Guelph at Ghibelline sa mga paksiyon na kadalasang ipinapasa sa pamamagitan ng mga pamilya o estado hanggang sa wakas ng Gitnang Panhon, ang alitan ay unti unting nagpahina sa kapapahan. ====Mga Krusada==== {{main|Mga Krusada}} Inilunsad ni Papa [[Urban II]] ang [[Unang Krusada]] noong 1095 nang makatanggap ito ng apela mula sa emperador na Byzantine na si [[Alexius I Komnenos]] upang pigilan ang mga pananakop ng Turko.<ref name="rileysmith">Riley-Smith, ''The First Crusaders'' (1997), p.&nbsp;8</ref> Si papa Urban II ay naniwala na ang Krusada ay makakatulong upang magdulot ng rekonsilyasyon sa Silanganing Kristiyanismo.<ref name="Vidmar130">Vidmar, ''The Catholic Church Through the Ages'' (2005), pp.&nbsp;130–1</ref><ref name="Bokenkotter140">Bokenkotter, ''A Concise History of the Catholic Church'' (2004), p. 140 quote: "And so when Urban called for a crusade at Clermont in 1095, one of his motives was to bring help to the beleaguered Eastern Christians."</ref><ref name="Bokenkotter155">Bokenkotter, ''A Concise History of the Catholic Church'' (2004), p. 155 quote: "Stories were also circulating about the harsh treatment of Christian pilgrims to Jerusalem at the hands of the infidel, inflaming Western opinion."</ref> Ang sermon ni Urban II as Clermont ang simula ng walong buwang pangangaral na isinagawa ng papa sa buong Pransiya na humihimok ng [[banal na digmaan]] at humimok sa mga Kristiyano na ipagtanggol ang Byzantine laban sa mga [[Muslim]]. Siya ay nagpadala rin ng mga [[mangangaral]] sa buong Kanluraning Europa upang ipalaganap ang tungkol sa Krusada. Ang pangangaral na ito ni Urban II ay humimok ng isang pagsiklab ng karahasan laban sa ma Hudyo. Sa Pransiya at Alemanya, ang mga Hudyo ay nakita na mga kaaway ng mga Kristiyano gaya ng mga Muslim at pinaniniwalaang responsable sa pagpapapako kay [[Hesus]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0005_0_04737.html |access-date=2012-11-30 |archive-date=2013-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115012858/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0005_0_04737.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>Hans Mayer. "The Crusades" (Oxford University Press: 1988) p. 41.</ref> Ang sunod sunod na mga kampanyang militar na tinatawag na mga [[krusada]] ay nagsimula noong 1096. Ang mga ito ay nilayon upang ibalik ang Banal na Lupain ([[Israel]]) sa kontrol ng mga Kristiyano. Ang layuning ito ay hindi naisakatuparan at ang mga episodyo ng brutalidad na isinagawa ng mga hukbo ng parehong panig ay nag-iwan ng isang legasiya ng mutual na kawalang pagtitiwala sa pagitan ng mga Muslim at mga Kristiyano.<ref name="LeGoff66">Le Goff, ''Medieval Civilization'' (1964), pp.&nbsp;65–7</ref> Ang mga nagkrusada ay nabigo na magtatag ng mga permanenteng [[Mga estado ng nagkrusada|estadong Kristiyano sa Banal na Lupain]]. Ang pagsalakay sa [[Constantinople]] noong [[Ikaapat na Krusada]] ay nag-iwan sa mga Kristiyano sa Silanganin na mapoot sa kabila ng pagbabawal ni Papa Inosento III ng anumang gayong pag-atake.<ref name="Tyerman">Tyerman, ''God's War: A New History of the Crusades'' (2006), pp.&nbsp;525–60</ref> Noong 1199, kasunod ng [[Ikatlong Krusada]], inatas ni Inosente III na palayain ng mga nagpautang na Hudyo ang mga nagkrusada. Maraming mga nagkrusada ay nangailangan mangutang sa mga Hudyo upang bumili ng mga sandata para sa Krusada. Ang batas sa Pransiya noong ika-13 siglo ay nagrereplekta sa mga pagsisikap ng Simbahang Katoliko na buwagin ang mga pagpapautang ng mga Hudyo. Ang patakarang ito ay may malalang epekto sa mga Hudyo ng Pransiya dahil ang pagpapautang ang isa sa kakaunting tanging mga bukas na trabaho para sa kanila. Ang papa ay tumawag rin ng panloob na Krusada laban sa mga hindi mananampalataya ng Katolisismo, lalo na ang mga heretiko ng katimugang Pransiya. Ang masaker ng mga libo libong heretiko sa Bezier, Pransiya noong 1209 ay humantong sa pagmamasaker ng mga 800 Hudyo. Ang [[Ikaapat na Krusada]] na may autorisasyon ni Papa [[Inosente III]] noon 1202 na nilayong muling kunin ang Banal na Lupain ay sandaling pinabagsak ng mga [[Venetian]] na gumamit ng mga pwersa upang salakayin ang siyudad na Kristiyano ng Zara. Kalaunan, ang mga nagkrusada ay dumating sa Constantinople ngunit sa halip na tumuloy sa Banal na Lupain ay sinalakay ang Constantinople at ibang mga bahagi ng [[Asya menor]] na nagtatag ng Imperyong Latin ng Constantinope sa Gresya at Asya minor. Noong 2001, si Papa [[John Paul II]] ay humingi ng tawad para sa mga kasalanan ng Katoliko kabilang ang pagsalakay sa Constantinope noong 1204.<ref>{{cite web | title =Pope sorrow over Constantinople | publisher =BBC News | date = 2004-06-29| url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3850789.stm | accessdate =2008-04-06 }}</ref> Ang mga impluwensiya at reporma ng mongheng [[Cistercian]] na si [[Bernard ng Clairvaux]] ay nagtulak kay Papa [[Alexander III]] na magpasimula ng mga reporma na humantong sa pagkakatatag ng [[batas na kanon]] ng Romano Katoliko.<ref name="Duffy101">Duffy, ''Saints and Sinners'' (1997), p.&nbsp;101</ref> Noong ikalabingdalawang siglo, ang Pransiya ay nakasaksi ng paglago ng [[Catharismo]] sa [[Languedoc]], Pransiya. Ang Catharismo ay isang sektang Kristiyano na may pilosopiyang neo-manichean. Pagkatapos na akusahan ang mga Cathar ng pagpatay sa isang legato ng papa noong 1208, si Papa [[Inosente III]] ay nagdeklara ng [[Krusadang Albigensian]] na nag-aalok ng mga lupain ng mga heretikong Cathar sa sinumang Maharlikang Pranses na makikidigma sa mga Cathar.<ref name="Duffy112">Duffy, ''Saints and Sinners'' (1997), p.&nbsp;112</ref> Ang karahasan nito ay humantong sa pagkakamit ng Pransiya ng mga lupain na may malapit na ugnayang pampolitika at kultural sa Catalonia.<ref name="Vidmar144">Vidmar, ''The Catholic Church Through the Ages'' (2005), pp. 144–7, quote: "The Albigensian Crusade, as it became known, lasted until 1219. The pope, Innocent III, was a lawyer and saw both how easily the crusade had gotten out of hand and how it could be mitigated. He encouraged local rulers to adopt anti-heretic legislation and bring people to trial. By 1231 a papal inquisition began, and the friars were given charge of investigating tribunals."</ref><ref name="Bokenkotter132">Bokenkotter, ''A Concise History of the Catholic Church'' (2004), p. 132, quote: "A crusade was proclaimed against these Albigenses, as they were sometimes called&nbsp;...&nbsp;It was in connection with this crusade that the papal system of Inquisition originated-a special tribunal appointed by the Popes and charged with ferreting out heretics. Until then the responsibility devolved on the local bishops. However, Innocent found it necessary in coping with the Albigensian threat to send out delegates who were entrusted with special powers that made them independent of the episcopal authority. In 1233 Gregory IX organized this ''ad hoc'' body into a system of permanent inquisitors, who were usually chosen from among the mendicant friars, Dominicans and Franciscans, men who were often marked by a high degree of courage, integrity, prudence, and zeal."</ref>. ====Mga inkisisyon==== Ang [[Inkisisyon]] ay itinatag sa [[Toulouse]] noong Nobyembre 1229 at ang mga natirang mga elemento ng Catharismo ay nilipol sa rehiyon. Ang inkisisyong ito ay pumaslang sa aberahang tatlong katao kada taon sa tugatog nito.<ref name="Bokenkotter132"/><ref name="Norman93">Norman, ''The Roman Catholic Church an Illustrated History'' (2007), p.&nbsp;93</ref> Sa paglipas ng panahon, ang mga [[inkisisyon]] ay inilunsad ng mga pinuno ng Romano Katoliko upang usigin ang mga heretiko, upang tumugon sa banta ng pananakop ng mga [[Moor]] o para sa mga layuning pampolitika.<ref name=christopherblack/> Ang mga nilitis ay hinikayat na bawiin ang kanilang heresiya at ang mga tumanggi ay pinarusahan ng mga pangungumpisal, mga multa, mga pagkabilanggo, pagpapahirap o pagpatay sa pamamagitan ng pagsunog.<ref name="christopherblack">Black, ''Early Modern Italy'' (2001), pp.&nbsp;200–2</ref><ref name="Casey">Casey, ''Early Modern Spain: A Social History'' (2002), pp.&nbsp;229–30</ref> Sa isang liham mula sa mga Consul ng Carcassone noong 1285 kay Jean Garland, inilarawan ito ng isang inkwisitor na: {{cquote|Ang buhay para sa kanila ay isang pagdurusa at ang kamatayan ay isang kaginhawaan. Sa ilalim ng mga pagpipilit na ito, kanilang pinagtibay bilang totoo ang hindi totoo na piniling mamatay ng minsan kesa pahirapan ng maraming mga beses...kanilang inakusahan hindi lamang ang kanilang mga sarili kundi pati ang mga iba na inosente upang takasan ang kanilang paghihirap sa anumang paraan...ang mga nangumpisal ay naghayag kalaunan na ang kanilang sinabi sa Kapatid na mga Inkwisitor (mga Dominikano) ay hindi totoo at sila ay nangumpisal sa takot ng panganib ng sandali. Sa ilang mga saksi na iyong binanggit, ikaw ay nangako ng imunidad upang kanilang malayang kondenahin ang iba nang walang takot.}} Ang mga kondemnasyon noong 1210–1277 ay isinabatas sa mediebal na Unibersidad ng Paris upang limitahan ang ilang mga katuruan na [[heresiya|heretikal]]. Ang mga ito ay kinabibilangan ng ilang mga mediebal na katuruang teolohikal ngunit ang isa pinakamahalaga ang mga tratadong pisikal ni [[Aristotle]]. Ang mga imbestigasyon ng mga katuruang ito ay isinagawa ng mga obispo ng Paris. Ang tinatayang 16 na mga talaan ng mga hindi inaprobahang tesis ay inisyu ng Unibersidad ng Paris noong mga ika-13 at ika-14 siglo.<ref name="Stanford">{{cite web |url=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/condemnation/ |title=Condemnation of 1277 |author=Hans Thijssen |work=[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]] |date=2003-01-30 |accessdate=2009-09-14 |publisher=[[University of Stanford]]}}</ref> Ang mga talaan ng proposiyong ito ay tinipon sa isang sistematikong mga kalipunan ng mga pinagbawal na artikulo.<ref name="Woods91-2">Woods, p 91-92</ref> ===Renasimiyento at mga reporma=== Sa huli at simula ng ikalabinglima at ikalabinganim na mga siglo CE, ang mga misyong Europeo at mga maglalayag ay nagpakalat ng Romano Katolisismo sa mga Amerika, Asya, Aprika at Oceania. Si Papa [[Alexander VI]] sa kanyang papal bull na [[inter caetera]] ay naggawad ng mga karapatang kolonyal sa karamihan ng mga bagong natuklasang lupain sa [[Espanya]] at [[Portugal]].<ref name="Koschorke13">Koschorke, ''A History of Christianity in Asia, Africa, and Latin America'' (2007), pp. 13, 283</ref> Noong Disyembre 1511, bukas na sinuway ng prayleng Dominikano na si [[Antonio de Montesinos]] ang mga autoridad na Espanyol na namamahala sa [[Hispaniola]] sa masasamang pagtrato sa mga [[katutubong Amerikano]] na nagsasabi sa mga ito na "...kayo ay nasa mortal na kasalanan... para sa kalupitan at kabagsikan na ginagamit ninyo sa pakikitungo sa mga inosenteng taong ito." <ref name="Woods135">Woods, ''How the Church Built Western Civilization'' (2005), p. 135</ref><ref name="Johansen109A">Johansen, Bruce, ''The Native Peoples of North America,'' Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 2006, pp. 109, 110, quote: "In the Americas, the Catholic priest [[Bartolomé de Las Casas|Bartolome de las Casas]] avidly encouraged enquiries into the Spanish conquest's many cruelties. Las Casas chronicled Spanish brutality against the Native peoples in excruciating detail."</ref><ref name="Koschorke287">Koschorke, ''A History of Christianity in Asia, Africa, and Latin America'' (2007), p. 287</ref> Bilang tugon, isinabatas ni [[Ferdinand II of Aragon|Haring Ferdinand]] ang ''[[Mga Batas ng Burgos]]''. Ang pagpapatupad ay maluwag at ang ilan ay nagsisi sa Simbahang Katoliko sa hindi paggawa ng sapat upang mapalay ang mga Amerikanong Indiyano.<ref name="Dussel45">Dussel, Enrique, ''A History of the Church in Latin America'', Wm B Eerdmans Publishing, 1981, pp. 45, 52, 53 quote: "The missionary Church opposed this state of affairs from the beginning, and nearly everything positive that was done for the benefit of the indigenous peoples resulted from the call and clamor of the missionaries. The fact remained, however, that widespread injustice was extremely difficult to uproot&nbsp;...&nbsp;Even more important than Bartolome de Las Casas was the Bishop of Nicaragua, Antonio de Valdeviso, who ultimately suffered martyrdom for his defense of the Indian."</ref> Ang isyung ito ay nagresulta sa krisis ng konsensiya noong ikalabing anim na siglong Espanya.<ref name="Koschorke287"/><ref name=Johansen109>Johansen, Bruce, ''The Native Peoples of North America,'' Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 2006, pp. 109, 110, quote: In large part because of Las Casas's work, a movement arose in Spain for more humane treatment of indigenous peoples.</ref> Ang pagbubuhos ng pagbatikos sa sarili at pagninilay nilay na pilosopikal sa mga teologong Katoliko ay humantong sa debate sa kalikasan ng mga [[karapatang pantao]].<ref name="Koschorke287"/><ref name="Woods137">Woods, ''How the Church Built Western Civilization'' (2005), p. 137</ref><ref name="Chadwick327">Chadwick, Owen, ''The Reformation'', Penguin, 1990, p. 327</ref> Noong ikalabinglimang siglo, Si [[Nicolaus Copernicus]] na isang astronomo ng [[Renasimiyento]] ay unang bumuo ng isang komprehensibong kosmolohiyang [[heliosentriko]] na nag-aalis sa planetang mundo mula sa sentro ng [[uniberso]]. Sa orihinal na paglilimbag ng [[De revolutionibus orbium coelestium]], ang aklat ni Copernicus ay nagsanhi ng katamtamang kontrobersiya at hindi pumukaw ng anumang mga mabagsik na sermon mula sa simbahan tungkol sa pagsasalungat ng teoriyang ito sa [[bibliya]]. Pagkatapos ng tatlong taon noong 1546, ang Dominikanong si Giovanni Maria Tulosi ay bumatikos sa teoriya ni Copernicus sa kanyang papel na natatanggol sa absolutong katotohanan ng [[bibliya]].<ref>Rosen [[#Reference-Rosen-1995|(1995, pp.151–59)]]</ref> Kanya ring isinaad na pinlano ng Panginoon ng Sagradong Palasyo (i.e. ang hepe ng [[censor librorum]] ng Simbahang Katoliko) na Dominikanong si [[Bartolomeo Spina]] na kondenahin ang ''De revolutionibus'' ngunit napigilang gawin ito dahil sa pagkakasakit at kamatayan..<ref>Rosen [[#Reference-Rosen-1995|(1995, p.158)]]</ref> Pagkatapos ng 1610, nang publikong suportahan ni siyentipikong si [[Galileo]] ang [[heliosentrismo]] ni Copernicus siya ay nakatagpo ng mapait na pagsalungat mula sa ilang mga pilosopo at mga kaparian na ang dalawa ng mga pari ay kalaunang nagakusa sa kanya sa [[inkisisyon]] ng Simbahang Katoliko noong 1615. Ang karamihan ng mga astronomo at pilosopo sa panahong ito ay naniniwala pa rin sa [[heosentrismo]]ng pananaw na ang planetang daigdig ay nasa sentro ng uniberso.<ref name="contrary to scripture">[[#Reference-Sharratt-1994|Sharratt (1994, pp.127–131)]], [[#Reference-McMullin-2005a|McMullin (2005a)]].</ref> Sa kanyang sermon noong 1614 (na ang paksa ay [[Aklat ni Josue]] 10 kung saan pinatigil ni Josue ang araw), ang prayleng Dominikanong Tommmaso Caccini ang unang gumawa ng pag-atake kay Galileo. Si Galileo ay hinimok sa Roma upang litisin sa [[Inkisisyon]] at natagpuang "malalang suspek ng [[heresiya]] sa pagsunod sa posiyon ni Copernicus na salungat sa tunay na kahulugan at autoridad ng Banal na Kasulatan". Siya ay inilagay sa pagkakabilanggo sa kanyang tahanan sa natitira ng kanyang buhay. Ang isa pang biktima ng [[Inkisisyon]] ng Simbahang Katoliko si [[Giordano Bruno]] na lumagpas sa modelong Copernican at nagmungkahi na ang araw ay isang bituin at ang uniberso ay naglalaman ng walang hangganang bilang mga tinatahanang daigdig na tinatahanan ng ibang mga matatalinong nilalang. Pagkatapos ng inkisiyon ni Bruno, siya ay natagpuang nagkasala ng [[heresiya]] at ipinagsunog ng buhay. Noong 1521, sa pamamagitan ng pamumuno at pangangaral ng Portuges na maglalayag na si [[Ferdinand Magellan]], ang unang mga Katoliko ay nabautismuhan sa unang bansang Krisityano sa Asya na Pilipinas.<ref name="Koschorke21">Koschorke, ''A History of Christianity in Asia, Africa, and Latin America'' (2007), p. 21</ref> Sa sumunod na taon, ang mga misyong Franciscan ay dumating sa Mehiko at naghangad na akayin ang mga Indiyano sa Katolisismo. Ang mga katutubong Indiyano ay inilarawan sa batas bilang mga bata at ang mga pari ay nagkaroon ng papel na pang-ama na kadalasang pinapatupad ng mga parusang pisikal.<ref name=jacksonxiii>Jackson, ''From Savages to Subjects: Missions in the History of the American Southwest'' (2000), p. 13</ref> Sa India, ang mga misyonaryong Portuges at Heswitang si Francis Xavier ay nang-akay ng mga hindi Kristiyano at isang pamayanang Kristiyano na nag-aangkin na itinatag ni [[Apostol Tomas]].<ref name="Koschorke3">Koschorke, ''A History of Christianity in Asia, Africa, and Latin America'' (2007), pp. 3, 17</ref> Sa Europa, ang [[Renasimiyento]] ay nagmarka sa panahon ng binagong interest ssa pagkatutong sinauna at klasiko. Ito ay nagdulot rin sa muling pagsisiyasat ng mga tinatanggap na paniniwala. Ang pagtanggap sa europa ng [[humanismo]] ay nagkaroon ng mga epekto sa Simbahan na yumakap rin dito. Noong 1509, ang skolar na si [[Erasmus]] sa kanyang "[[Ang Papuri sa Kahangalan]]" ay bumihag ng isang malawak na pagkabalisa sa [[korupsiyon]] ng Simbahang Romano Katoliko.<ref name="Norman86">Norman, ''The Roman Catholic Church an Illustrated History'' (2007), p. 86</ref> Ang mismong kapapahan ay kinuwestiyon ng mga kousilarismo na inihayag sa mga konsilyo ng Constance at Basel. Ang mga tunay na pagbabago sa mga konsehong ekumenikal ay tinangka ng ilang mga beses ngunit napigilan. Ang mga ito ay nakitang kinakailangan ngunit hindi nagtagumpay dahil sa panloob na mga alitan sa simbahang Romano Katoliko <ref name="Franzen 65-78">Franzen 65-78</ref> gayundin sa patuloy na mga alitan sa [[imperyong Ottoman]] at [[Saracen]] at sa [[simoniya]] at [[nepotismo]] na sinasanay sa Simbahang Romano Katoliko nang ika-15 at ika-16 na siglo.<ref name="Franzen 65-78"/><ref name="Bokenkotter202"/> Dahil dito, ang mga mayayaman, makapangyarihan at makamundong mga tao tulad ni Rodrigo [[House of Borgia|Borgia]] na naging Papa [[Alexander VI]] ay nagawang manalo sa [[halalan]] ng kapapahan.<ref name="Bokenkotter202">Bokenkotter, ''A Concise History of the Catholic Church'' (2004), pp. 201–5</ref><ref name="Duffy149">Duffy, ''Saints and Sinners'' (1997), p. 149</ref> ===Panahon ng Protestanteng Repormasyon=== [[Talaksan:Martin Luther, 1529.jpg|thumb|right|Tagapagpasimula ng [[Protestanteng Repormasyon]] na si [[Martin Luther]]]] Ang [[Ikalimang Konsehong Lateran]] ay naglabas ng ilan ngunit mga maliliit na reporma noong Marso 1517. Pagkatapos ng ilang mga buwan noong 31 Oktubre 1517, ang paring Katoliko na si [[Martin Luther]] ay nagpaskil ng [[Ang Siyamnaputlimang Tesis]] sa publiko na umaasang magpasimula ng debate.<ref name="Vidmar184">Vidmar, ''The Catholic Church Through the Ages'' (2005), p. 184</ref><ref name="Bokenkotter215">Bokenkotter, ''A Concise History of the Catholic Church'' (2004), p. 215</ref> Ang kanyang tesis ay nagprotesta sa mga mahahalagang punto ng doktrinang Katoliko gayon din ang pagbebenta ng mga [[indulhensiya]].<ref name="Vidmar184"/><ref name="Bokenkotter215"/> Ang iba pa gaya nina [[Huldrych Zwingli]], [[John Calvin]] ay bumatikos rin sa mga katuruan ng Romano Katoliko. Ang mga hamong ito na sinuportahan ng mga makapangyarihang pwersang pampolitika sa rehiyon ay umunlad sa [[Protestanteng Repormasyon]].<ref name="ConciseHistory">Bokenkotter, ''A Concise History of the Catholic Church'' (2004), pp. 223–4</ref><ref name="Vidmar196">Vidmar, ''The Catholic Church Through the Ages'' (2005), pp. 196–200</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Carroll|first=Anne W.|title=Christ the King, Lord of History|url=https://archive.org/details/christkinglordof0000carr|year=1994|publisher=TAN Books and Publishers, Inc.|location=Rockford, Illinois|isbn=978-0-89555-503-8|pages=[https://archive.org/details/christkinglordof0000carr/page/220 220]–221}}</ref> Sa Alemanya, ang Repormasyon ay nagresulta sa digmaan sa pagitan ng Protestang [[Ligang Schmalkaldic]] at emperador na Katolikong si [[Charles V, Banal na Emperador Romano]]. Ang unang siyam na taong digmaan ay nagwakas noong 1555 ngunit ang patuloy na mga tensiyon ay lumikha ng higit na malalang alitan na [[TatlumpungTaong Digmaan]] na sumiklab noong 1618.<ref name="Vidmar233"/> Sa Pransiya, ang sunod sunod na mga alitang tinaguriang [[Mga Digmaang Pranses ng Relihiyon]] ay nilabanan mula 1562 hanggang 1598 sa pagitan ng mga [[Huguenot]] at mga pwersa ng [[Ligang Katolikong Pranses]]. Ang mga sunod sunod na papa ay pumanig at naging mga tagasuportang pinansiyal ng Ligang Katoliko.<ref name="Duffy177">Duffy, ''Saints and Sinners'' (1997), pp. 177–8</ref> Ito ay nagwakas sa ilalim ni Papa [[Clemente VIII]] na may pag-aatubiling tanggapin ang [[Atas ng Nantes]] ni Haring [[Henry IV ng Pransiya]] noong 1598 na nagkakaloob ng tolerasyong relihiyoso at sibil sa mga Protestante.<ref name="Vidmar233">Vidmar, ''The Catholic Church Through the Ages'' (2005), p. 233</ref><ref name="Duffy177"/> Ang [[Repormasyong Ingles]] ay maliwanag na batay sa pagnanais ni [[Henry VIII ng Inglatera]] sa pagpapawalang bisa ng kanyang [[kasal]] kay [[Catherine ng Aragon]] at sa simula ay mas pampolitika at kalaunang naging alitang teolohikal.<ref name="scruton1996p470">Scruton, ''A Dictionary of Political Thought'' (1996), p. 470, quote: "The (English) Reformation must not be confused with the changes introduced into the Church of England during the 'Reformation Parliament' of 1529–36, which were of a political rather than a religious nature, designed to unite the secular and religious sources of authority within a single sovereign power: the [[Anglican Communion|Anglican Church]] did not until later make any substantial change in doctrine."</ref> Ang [[Mga Akto ng Supremasya]] ay gumawa sa hari ng Inglatera na maging pinuno ng simbahan ng Inglatera at sa gayon ay sa pagkakatatag ng [[Simbahan ng Inglatera]]. Pagkatapos nito sa simula ng 1536, ang ilang mga monasteryo sa Inglater, Wales at ireland ay nahinto at ang mga simbahang Katoliko ay sinunggaban.<ref name = Schama>Schama, ''A History of Britain 1: At the Edge of the World?'' (2003), pp. 309–11</ref><ref name="Vidmar220"/> Nang mamatay si Henry noong 1547, ang lahat ng mga monasteryo, priaryo, mga kombento at ma dambana ay winasak o hininto.<ref name="Vidmar220">Vidmar, ''The Catholic Church Through the Ages'' (2005), p. 220, quote: "Henry, seeing how far Cranmer had tried to take him in making the land Lutheran or Calvinist, pulled the plug in Setyembre 1538 and passed the Six Articles, which tried to restore the ancient faith, including the practice of celibacy for the clergy. By 1543 most of the Reformation legislation was reversed. One man, John Lambert, was made an example in Nobyembre 1538. He was burned by being dragged in and out of the fire for holding the very same beliefs about the Eucharist that Cranmer held. Cranmer was made to watch the whole brutal event. He also had to send his wife back to Germany."</ref><ref name = Gonzalez75>Gonzalez, ''The Story of Christianity, Volume 2'' (1985), p. 75, quote: "In England, he took steps to make the church conform as much as possible to Roman Catholicism, except in the matter of obedience to the pope. He also refused to restore monasteries, which he had suppressed and confiscated under the pretense of reformation, and whose properties he had no intention of returning."</ref> Si [[Maria I ng Inglatera]] ay muling nagpaisa ng Simbahan ng Inglatera at Roma laban sa payo ng ambahador na Espanyol at inusig ang mga Protestante sa panahon ng mga pag-uusig na Marian.<ref name="Vidmar225">Vidmar, ''The Catholic Church Through the Ages'' (2005), pp. 225–6</ref><ref name = Haigh159>Haigh, ''The English Reformation Revised'' (1987), p. 159, quote: "Mary wanted to make England a Catholic country as quickly as possible: to reintroduce the pope's authority, to repeal those parliamentary statutes which had so radically altered the relationship of Church and State and to restore to the Church its Catholic doctrine and services. Nothing was to be allowed to stand in her way. No murmurings among the people, no riots or rebellions or intrigues, not even the advice of the Spanish ambassador to make haste slowly could deflect the Queen from her purpose.&nbsp;...&nbsp;Death by burning at the hands of the sheriffs became the penalty for those who, convicted of heresy in the church courts, refused to recant."</ref> Pagkatapos ng ilang probokasyon, ang sumunod na reynang si [[Elizabeth I]] ay napatupad ng Akto ng Supremasya. Ito ay pumigil sa mga Katoliko na maging mga kasapi ng propesyon, humawak ng opisyong pampubliko, pagboto o pagbibigay edukasyon sa mga anak nito.<ref name="Vidmar225"/><ref name="Vidmar225"/><ref name=Solt149>Solt, ''Church and State in Early Modern England, 1509-1640'', (1990), p. 149</ref><ref name = SchamaII>Schama, ''A History of Britain 1: At the Edge of the World?'' (2003), pp. 272–3.</ref> Ang Simbahang Katoliko Romano <ref>{{cite web | last =Potemra | first =Michael | title =Crucible of Freedom | publisher =National Review | date =2004-07-13 | url =http://nationalreview.com/books/potemra200407131542.asp | accessdate =2008-06-21 | archive-date =2007-04-26 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070426172353/http://nationalreview.com/books/potemra200407131542.asp | url-status =bot: unknown }}</ref> ay tumugon sa mga hamong pang doktrina at mga pang-aabuso na binigyang diin ng Repormasyon sa [[Konseho ng Trent]] (1545–1563). Ang konsehong ito ay naging nagpapatakbong pwersa ng [[Kontra-Repormasyon]] at muling pinagtibay ang mga sentral na doktrinang Katoliko gaya ng [[transubsansiasyon]].<ref name="Bokenkotter242">Bokenkotter, ''A Concise History of the Catholic Church'' (2004), pp. 242–4</ref> Ito ay nagbago rin sa ibang mga mahalagang sa simbahan gaya ng pag-iisa ng hurisdiksiyon ng [[Roman Curia]].<ref name="Bokenkotter242"/><ref name="Norman81">Norman, ''The Roman Catholic Church an Illustrated History'' (2007), p. 81</ref><ref name="Vidmar237">Vidmar, ''The Catholic Church Through the Ages'' (2005), p. 237</ref> Ang mga batikos ng Repormasyon ang kabilang na paktor na nagpasimula ng mga bagong orden kabilang ang mga theatine, Barnabite at Heswita.<ref name="Norman91">Norman, ''The Roman Catholic Church an Illustrated History'' (2007), pp. 91–2</ref> ===Baroque, Panahon ng Kaliwanagan at mga himagsikan=== ====Mga debosyon kay Maria==== Ang Konseho ng Trent ay lumikha ng isang muling pagbuhay sa buhay relihiyoso at mga debosyon kay Maria sa Simbahang Romano Katoliko. Sa panahon ng [[Protestanteng Repormasyon]], ipinagtanggol ng Simbahang Katoliko ang ma paniniwala nito tungkol kay Marya laban sa mga pananaw dito ng mga Protestante. Ideneklara ni [[Alexander VII]] noong 1661 na ang kaluluwa ni Maria ay malaya mula sa [[orihinal na kasalanan]]. Ipinag-utos ni Papa [[Clemente XI]] ang pista ng Inmaculada Concepcion noong 1708. Ang pista ng Santo Rosaryo ay ipinakilala noong 1715 at ang pista ng Pitong Hapis noong 1727. Ang panalangin ng Angelus ay malakas na sinuportahan ni Papa [[Benedict XIII]] noong 1724 at ni Papa [[Benedict XIV]] noong 1742.<ref>F Zöpfl, Barocke Frömmigkeit, in Marienkunde, 577</ref> ====Panahon ng Kaliwanagan at sekularismo==== {{main|Panahon ng Kaliwanagan|Sekularismo}} Ang [[Panahon ng Kaliwanagan]] ay bumubuo sa isang bagong hamon sa Kristiyanismo. Hindi tulad ng [[Protestanteng Repormasyon]] na kumuwestiyon ng ilang mga doktrina ng Romano Katoliko, ang [[Panahon ng Kaliwanagan]] ay kumuwestiyon sa Kristiyano sa kabuuan nito. Sa pangkalahatan, itinaas nito ang [[katwiran]] ng tao ng higit sa pahayag ng [[diyos]] at pinababa nito ang mga autoridad na pang-[[relihiyon]] gaya ng [[papa|kapapahan]] batay dito.<ref>Lortz, IV, 7-11</ref> Tinangka ng Simbahang Romano Katoliko na itaboy ang [[Galicanismo]] at [[Councilarismo]] na mga ideolohiyang nagbanta sa kapapahan at istruktura ng Simbahang Katoliko.<ref>Duffy 188-189</ref> Tungo sa huling bahagi ng ika-17 siglo, nakita ni [[Papa Inocencio XI]] ang papataas na mga pag-atake ng Turko laban sa Europa na sinuportahan ng Pransiya bilang pangunahing banta sa Simbahang Katoliko. Kanyang itinatag ang koalisyong Polish-Austrian para sa pagkatalo ng mga Turko sa Vienna noong 1683. Ang ilang mga skolar ay tumatawag sa kanyang santong papa dahil kanyang nireporma ang mga pang-aabuso ng Simbahang Romano Katoliko kabilang ang [[simoniya]], [[nepotismo]] at maaksayang mga paggasta ng papa na nagresulta sa kanyang magmana ng utang ng papa na 50,000,000&nbsp;[[Italian scudo|scudi]]. Sa pagtanggal ng ilang mga honoraryong posisyon at pagpapakilala ng patakarang piskal, nagawa ni Inocente XI na muling makuha ang kontrol ng mga pinansiya ng Simbahang Romano Katoliko.<ref name="Duffy188"/> Sa Pransiya, nilabanan ng Simbahang Katoliko ang [[Jansenismo]] at [[Gallicanismo]] na sumuporta sa [[Councilarismo]] at tumakwil sa primasya ng kapapahan at humingi ng mga espesyal na konsesyon para sa Simbahang Katoliko sa Pransiya. Ito ay nagpahina sa kakayahan ng Simbahang Katoliko na tumugon sa mga taga-isip na Gallicanista gaya ni [[Denis Diderot]] na humamon sa mga pundamental na doktrina ng Simbahang Romano Katoliko.<ref name="Bokenkotter267">Bokenkotter, ''A Concise History of the Catholic Church'' (2004), pp. 267–9</ref> Noong 1685, ang gallicanistang Haring si [[Louis XIV]] ay naglabas ng [[Pagbawi ng Atas ng Nantes]] na nagwakas sa isang siglo ng tolerasyong relihiyoso. Ang Pransiya ay pumwersa sa mga teologong Katoliko na suportahan ang councilarismo at itanggi ang [[impalibilidad ng Papa]]. Ang hari ay nagbanta kay Papa [[Inocencio XI]] sa isang pangkalahatang konseho at militar na pagsunggab ng estado ng papa.<ref>Franzen 326</ref> Ang absolutong monarkiya ng estado ng Pransiya ay gumamit ng Gallicanismo upang makamit ang kontrol ng halos lahat ng mga pangunahing paghirang ng Simbahang Katoliko gayundin ang mga pag-aari ng Simbahan.<ref name="Duffy188">Duffy, ''Saints and Sinners'' (1997), pp. 188–91</ref><ref name="Norman137">Norman, ''The Roman Catholic Church an Illustrated History'' (2007), p. 137</ref> Ang autoridad ng Estado ng ibabaw sa Simbahang Katoliko ay naging sikat rin sa ibang mga bansa. Sa Alemanya at Belgium, ang Gallicanismo ay lumitaw sa anyo ng [[Febronianismo]] na tumakwil sa mga prerogratibo ng papa sa katulad na paraan.<ref name="Franzen 328">Franzen 328</ref> Si Emperador [[Joseph II, Banal na Emperador Romano]] ng Austria (1780–1790) ay nagsanay ng [[Josephinismo]] sa pamamagitan ng pagkontrol sa buhay ng Simbahang Katoliko, mga paghirang at malawak na pagsunggab sa mga pag-aari ng Simbahang Katoliko.<ref name="Franzen 328"/> ====Himagsikang Pranses==== Ang anti-klerikalismo ng [[Himagsikang Pranses]]<ref name="Edward">Edward, ''The Cambridge Modern History'' (1908), p. 25</ref> ay nakakita ng mga direktang pag-atake sa kayamanan ng Simbahang Katoliko. Ang mga nauugnay na pagkasiphayo ay tumungo sa buong nasyonalisasyon ng pag-aari ng Simbahan gayundin ang mga pagtatangka na itatag ang pinapatakbo ng estado ng Simbahan.<ref name="Bokenkotter285"/> Ang malalaking mga bilang ng mga pari ay tumanggi na tanggapin ang panunumpa ng pagsunod sa [[Pambansang Asemblea]] ng Pransiya na humantong sa pagbabawal sa Simbahan at pagpapalit ng isang bagong relihiyon ng "Katwiran".<ref name="Bokenkotter285"/> Sa panahong ito, ang lahat ng mga monasteryo ay winasak, ang mga 30,000 mga pari ay pinatapon at ang mga daan daan ay pinatay.<ref name="Bokenkotter285">Bokenkotter, ''A Concise History of the Catholic Church'' (2004), pp. 283–5</ref> Nang pumanig sa Papa [[Pius VI]] laban sa himagsikan sa [[Unang Koalisyon]], sinakop ni [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] ang Italya. Ang 82 taong gulang na papa ay binihag sa bilanggo sa Pransiya noong Pebrero 1799 at namatay sa Valence noong 29 Agosto 1799 pagkatapos ng anim na buwan ng pagkakabihag. Upang makuha ang suportang popular sa kanyang pamumuno, muling itinatag ni Napoleon ang Simbahang Katoliko sa pamamagitan ng [[Concordat ng 1801]].<ref name="Collins176">Collins, ''The Story of Christianity'' (1999), p. 176</ref> Ang pagwawakas ng mga digmaang Napoleoniko ay naghudyat ng [[Kongreso ng Vienna]] at nagdulot ng muling pagbuhay sa Simbahang Katoliko at pagbabalik ng mga estado ng papa.<ref name="Duffy216">Duffy, ''Saints and Sinners'' (1997), pp. 214–6</ref> Ang muling pagbabalik ng mga Bourbon noong 1814 ay nagbalik ng maraming mga mayayamang dugong bughaw at may ari ng mga lupain na sumuporta sa Simbahan. Gayunpaman, ang mga monasteryo kasama ng mga malalawak na lupain nito at kapangyarihang pampolitika ay nawala. Ang karamihan ng mga lupain ay ibinenta sa mga negosyante na walang mga koneksiyong historiko sa lupain at mga magsasaka. Ang ilang mga bagong pari ay sinanay noong panahong 1790 hanggang 1814 at ang marami ay lumisan sa Simbahang Katoliko.<ref>Robert Gildea, ''Children of the Revolution: The French, 1799-1914'' (2008) p 120</ref> Ang mga konserbatibong Katoliko ay humawak ng kontrol ng pambansang pamahalaan noong 1820–1830 ngunit kadalasang gumagampan ng pangalawang papel na pampolitika o kailangang makipaglaban mula sa pag-atake mula sa mga republikano, soyalista at mga sekular.<ref>Kenneth Scott Latourette, ''Christianity in a Revolutionary Age. Vol. I: The 19th Century in Europe; Background and the Roman Catholic Phase'' (1958) pp 400-412</ref><ref>Theodore Zeldin, ''France, 1848-1945'' (1977) vol 2 pp 983-1040</ref> Sa buong buhay ng Ikatlong Republika ng Pransiya, may mga labanan sa katayuan ng Simbahang Katoliko. Ang kapariang katoliko at mga obispo ay malapit na nauugnay sa mga Monarkista at marami sa hierarka nito ay mula sa mga pamilyang dugong bughaw. Ang mga republikano ay batay sa anti-klerikal na gitnang klaseng mamamayan na nakita ang alyansa ng Simbahan sa mga monarkista na isang bantang pampolitika sa republikanismo at banta sa modernong espirito ng pag-unlad. Namuhi ang mga Republikano sa simbahang Katoliko dahil sa mga ugnayang pampolitika at klase nito. Para sa mga republikano, ang simbahang katoliko ay kumakatawan sa mga lumang tradisyon, [[superstisyon]] at monarksimo. Ang mga republikano ay napalakas sa pamamagitan ng suporta ng mga Protestante at Hudyo. Ang maraming mga batas ay ipinasa upang pahinain ang Simbahang Katoliko. Noong 1879, ang mga pari ay hindi isinama sa mga komiteng pangangasiwa ng mga hospital at mga lupon ng [[kawanggawa]]. Noong 1880, ang mga bagong batas ay dinirekta laban sa mga kongregasyogn relihiyoso. Ang Concordat ni Napoleon ay nagpatuloy ngunit noong 1881, pinutol ng pamahalaan ang mga sahod ng mga paring hindi nito gusto.<ref>Philippe Rigoulot, "Protestants and the French nation under the Third Republic: Between recognition and assimilation," ''National Identities,'' Marso 2009, Vol. 11 Issue 1, pp 45–57</ref> Ang 1882 mga batas ng paaralan ng Republikanong si [[Juley Ferry]] ay nagtatag ng isang pambansang sistema ng mga eskwelang pampubliko na nagtuturo ng striktong puritanikal na [[moralidad]] ngunit walang [[relihiyon]].<ref>Barnett B. Singer, "Minoritarian Religion and the Creation of a Secular School System in France," ''Third Republic'' (1976) #2 pp 228-259</ref> Nang maging papa si [[Leo XIII]], sinubukan nitong pakalmahin ang mga relason ng Simbahan at Estado. Noong 1884, kanyang sinabi sa mga obispong Pranses na huwag umasal na laban sa Estado. Siya ay nag-isyu noong 1892&nbsp;ng isang ensiklikal na pumapaygo sa mga katolikong Pranses na magrally sa Republika at ipagtanggol ang Simbahan sa pamamagitan ng pakikisali sa mga politikang Republikano. Ang pagtatangkang ito ng pagpapabuti ng relasyon ng Estado at simbahan ay nabigo. Ito ay pinagningas ng [[Pangyayaring Dreyfus]]. Ang mga katoliko ay karamihang anti-drefussard. Ang mga assumpsiyonista ay naglimbag ng mga artiklulong anti-semitiko at antirepublikano na nagpagalit sa mga politikong republikano na handang maghiganti. Si Combes bilang Punong Ministro noong 1902 ay determinado na buong talunin ang Katolisismo. Kanyang ipinasara ang lahat ng mga parokyal na eskwela sa Pransiya. Pagkatapos ay kanyang ipinatakwil sa parlimaneto ang autorisasyon ng lahat ng mga relihiyisong orden.<ref>Frank Tallett and Nicholas Atkin, ''Religion, society, and politics in France since 1789'' (1991) p. 152</ref> Noong 1905, ang Concordat ay pinawalang bisa at ang Simbahan at Estado ay sa wakas naging hiwalay. Ang lahat ng mga pag-aari ng simbahan ay sinunggaban. Ang Simbahan ay masamang napinsala at nawalan ng kalahati ng mga pari nito.<ref>Robert Gildea, ''Children of the Revolution: The French, 1799–1914'' (2010) ch 12</ref> ===Panahong Industriyal=== ====Unang Konsehong Vatikano==== Bago ang Konseho ng Vatikano noong 1854, si Papa [[Pius IX]] na may suporta ng karamihan ng mga obispong Katoliko na kanyang kinonsulta noong 1851–1854 ay nagproklama ng dogma ng imakuladang paglilihi.<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/audiences/alpha/data/aud19930324en.html John Paul II, General Audience, Marso 24, 1993]</ref><ref>Pius IX in Bäumer, 245</ref> Sa unang konsehong Vatikano, ang ilang 108 mga ama ng konseho ay humiling na idagdag ang mga salitang "imakuladang birhen" sa aba ginoong marya. Ang ilang mga ama ay humiling na ang dogma ng imakuladang paglilihi na isama sa kredo ng simbahan na sinalungat ni [[Pius IX]].<ref>Bauer 566</ref> Maraming mga katolikong Pranses ay nagnais ng pagdodogma ng konsehong ekumenikal ng [[inpalibilidad]] ng papa at pag-akyat ni Marya .<ref>Civilta Catolica 6 Pebrero 1869.</ref> Sa Unang konsehong Vatikano, ang siyam na mga petisyong marolohikal ay pumapabor sa isang dogma ng pag-akyat ni marya sa langit ngunit malakas na sinalungat ng ilang mga ama ng konseho lalo na sa Alemanya. Noong 1870, pinagtibay ng unang konsehong vatikano ang doktrina ng [[inpalibilidad ng papa]] kapag sinanay sa spesipikong nilarawang mga paghahayag.<ref name="Leith">Leith, ''Creeds of the Churches'' (1963), p. 143</ref><ref name="Duffy232">Duffy, ''Saints and Sinners'' (1997), p. 232</ref> Ang kontrobersiya dito at iba pang mga isyu ay nagresulta sa isang maliit na kilusang humiwalay na tinatawag na [[Lumang simbahang Katoliko]].<ref name="Fahlbusch">Fahlbusch, ''The Encyclopedia of Christianity'' (2001), p. 729</ref> ====Anti-klerikalismo==== Ang ika-20 siglo ay nakakita ng pagdami ng iba't ibang mga pamahalaan na laban sa kaparian at Simbahang Katoliko. Ang [[Batas Calles]] noong 1926 na naghihiwalay sa simbahan at estado sa Mehiko ay humantong sa [[Digmaang Cristero]]<ref name="Chadwick264">Chadwick, Owen, pp. 264–265.</ref> kung saan ang higit sa 3,000 mga pari ay ipinatapon o pinaslang, ang mga simbahan ay nilapastangan, ang mga serbisyo ay nilait, ang mga madre ay ginahasa at ang mga nabihag na pari ay binaril.<ref name="Chadwick264"/><ref name="Scheina">Scheina, p. 33.</ref> Sa [[Unyong Sobyet]] kasunod ng [[Himagsikang Bolshevik]] noong 1917, ang pag-uusig sa Simbahang Katoliko at mga Katoliko ay nagpatuloy hanggang noong mga 1930.<ref>Riasanovsky 617</ref> Sa karagdagan sa pagpapatapon at pagpaslang sa mga kleriko, monghe at taong lay, ang pagsunggab sa mga kasangkapan ng Simbahan at pagsasara ng mga simbahang Katoliko ay karaniwan.<ref name="Riasanovsky 634">Riasanovsky 634</ref> Noong [[Digmaang Sibil ng Espanya]] noong 1936–39, ang hierarkang Romano Katoliko ay sumuporta sa mga pwersang rebeldeng Nasyonalista ni [[Francisco Franco]] laban sa pamahalaang [[Prontang Popular]].<ref name="payne">{{cite book |title= Franco and Hitler: Spain, Germany and World War II. |url= https://archive.org/details/francohitlerspai0000payn |last=Payne |first=Stanley G |year=2008 |publisher=Yale University Press| isbn=0-300-12282-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/francohitlerspai0000payn/page/13 13]}}</ref> Binanggit ng simbahang Katoliko ang [[Red Terror (Spain)|Karahasang Republikan]] na isinagawa laban sa simbahan.<ref name="Alonso">{{cite book |title= The New Catholic Encyclopedia |last=Fernandez-Alonso |first=J |year=2002 |publisher=Catholic University Press/Thomas Gale|isbn=0-7876-4017-4|pages=395–396 |volume= 13}}</ref> Ang Simbahang Katoliko ay isang aktibong elemento sa politikang nagpopolarisa sa mga taon bago ang Digmaang Sibil.<ref>Mary Vincent, Catholicism in the Second Spanish Republic {{ISBN|0-19-820613-5}} p.218</ref> Tinawag ni Papa [[Pius XI]] ang tatlong mga bansang ito na Teribleng Tatsulok at ang pagkaibigo na magprotesta sa Europa at Estados Unidos bilang isang konspirasiya ng Katahimikan. ====Italya==== Ang pamahalaan ng [[Italya]] ay palaging anti-klerikal hanggang sa Unang Digmaang Daigdig nang ang ilang mga kompromiso ay naabot.<ref>Emma Fattorini, ''Hitler, Mussolini and the Vatican: Pope Pius XI and the Speech That was Never Made '' (2011) ch 1</ref> Ang karamihan ng mga estado ng papa ay sinunggaban ng mga hukbo ni Haring [[Victor Emmanuel II ng Italya]] (1861–1878) at ang mismong Roma ay sinunggaban ng pwersa noong 1870 at ang papa ay naging bilanggo ng Vatikano. Upang paigtingin ang kanyang rehimeng diktaduryang Pasista, si [[Benito Mussolini]] ay sabik rin sa isang kasunduan sa Simbahang Katoliko. Ang kasunduan ay naabot noong 1929 sa [[Mga Kasunduang Laterano]] na nakatulong sa parehong mga panig.<ref>Frank J. Coppa, ''Controversial concordats: the Vatican's relations with Napoleon, Mussolini, and Hitler'' (1999)</ref> Ayon sa mga termino ng unang kasunduan, ang siyudad ng Vatikano ay binibigyan ng soberanya bilang isang independiyenteng bansa kapalit ng pagsuko ng Vatikano sa pang-aangkin nito ng mga dating teritoryo ng mga Estado ng papa. Si Pius XI ay naging pinuno ng isang munting estado na may sarili nitong teritoryo, hukbo, estasyon ng radyo, at kinatawang diplomatiko. Ang Concordat noong 1929 ay gumawa sa Katolisismo na tanging relihiyon ng Italya (bagaman ang ibang mga relihiyon ay pinayagan din), nagpasahod sa mga pari at obispo, kumilala sa mga kasal ng simbahan (sa nakaraan ay kailangan ang isang [[kasal]] na sibil) at nagpasok ng mga pagtuturong relihiyoso sa mga paaralang pampubliko. Ang mga obispo ay sumumpa naman ng katapatan sa estadong Italyano na may kapangyarihang [[beto]] sa pagpili ng mga ito.<ref>{{cite book|author=Cyprian Blamires|title=World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=nvD2rZSVau4C&pg=PA120|year=2006|publisher=ABC-CLIO|page=120}}</ref> Ang Simbahang Katoliko ay hindi opisyal na inoobligahan na sumuporta sa rehimeng Pasista. Ang mga malakas na pagkakaiba ay nanatili ngunit ang mga alitan ay nagwakas. Inendorso ng Simbahang Katoliko ang mga patakarang pandayuhan nito gaya ng pagsuporta sa panig na anti-Komunista sa Digmaang Sibil ng Espanya at suporta sa pananakop ng Ethiopia.<ref>Kenneth Scott Latourette, ''Christianity In a Revolutionary Age A History of Christianity in the 19th and 20th Century: Vol 4 The 20th Century In Europe'' (1961) pp 32–35, 153, 156, 371</ref> ===Pagkatapos ng Panahong Industriyal=== ====Ikalawang Konsehong Vaticano==== Ang Simbahang Katoliko ay nagsagawa ng isang komprehensibong proseso ng reporma pagkatapos ng [[Ikalawang Konsehong Vaticano]] (1962–65).<ref name="Duffy272">Duffy, ''Saints and Sinners'' (1997), p. 270–6</ref> Ito ay nilayon bilang pagpapatuoy ng [[Unang Konsehong Vaticano]] sa ilalim ni Papa [[Juan XXIII]] at ang konseho ay nagpaunlad ng makina ng modernisasyon.<ref name="Duffy272"/><ref>J. Derek Holmes and Bernard W. Bickers, ''[[A Short History of the Catholic Church (2010)|A Short History of the Catholic Church]]''</ref> Ito tinakdaan sa paggawa sa mga katuruang historikal ng Simbahan na malinaw sa modernong daigdig at gumawa ng mga pahayag sa mga paksa kabilang ang kalikasan ng simbahan, ang misyon ng laity at kalaayang pang-[[relihiyon]].<ref name="Duffy272"/> Inaprobahan ng Konseho ang isang pagbabago ng liturhiya at pumayag sa mga [[Liturhikal na rite na Latin]] na gumamit ng mga wikang bernakular gayundin ang [[Latin]] sa pagsasagawa ng misa at iba pang mga sakramanto.<ref name ="Paulvi">{{cite web | last = Paul VI| first =Pope | title =Sacrosanctum Concilium | publisher = Vatican| date = 1963-12-04 | url =http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19631204_sacrosanctum-concilium_en.html | accessdate = 2008-02-09}}</ref> Ang mga pagsisikap ng Simbahang Katoliko na pabutihin ang [[Ekumenismo|Pagkakaisang Krisityano]] ay naging prioridad.<ref name="Duffy274">Duffy, ''Saints and Sinners'' (1997), p. 274</ref> Sa karagdagan ng paghahanap ng karaniwang saligan sa mga simbahang [[Protestante]] sa ilang mga isyu, ang Simbahang Katoliko ay tumalakay din ng posibilidad ng pakikipag-isa sa Simbahang [[Silangang Ortodokso]].<ref>{{cite web | title =Roman Catholic-Eastern Orthodox Dialogue | publisher =Public Broadcasting Service | date =2000-07-14 | url =http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/week346/feature.html | accessdate =2008-02-16 | archive-date =2008-02-20 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080220033221/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/week346/feature.html | url-status =dead }}</ref> Ang mga pagbabago sa mga lumang rite at seremonya pagkatapos ng Vatikano II ay lumikha ng iba't ibang mga tugon. Ang ilan ay tumigil sa pagsisimba sa Simbahang Katoliko samantalang ang iba ay nagtangkang ingatan ang lumang liturhiya sa pamamagitan ng mga simpatetikong pari.<ref name="Bokenkotter410">Bokenkotter, ''A Concise History of the Catholic Church'' (2004), p. 410</ref> Ang mga ito ang bumuo ng saligan ng mga pangkat na [[Tradisyonalistang Katoliko]] na naniniwala na ang mga reporma ng Vatikano II ay higit na lumagpas. Ang mga Katolikong [[Krisityanismong Liberal|Liberal]] ay bumuo ng isa pang sumasalungat na pangkat na naniniwlang ang mga reporma ng Vatikano II ay hindi sapat na lumagpas. Ang mga liberal na pananaw ng mga teologong gaya nina [[Hans Küng]] at [[Charles Curran (teologo)|Charles Curran]] ay humantong sa pagbawi ng Simbahang Katoliko ng kanilang autorisasyon sa pagtuturo bilang mga Romano Katoliko.<ref name="Bokenkotter410"/><ref>Bauckham, Richard, in ''New Dictionary of Theology'', Ed. Ferguson, (1988), p. 373</ref> Noong 2007, ang Papa [[Benedict XVI]] ay nagpagaan ng pagpapahintulot para sa opsiyonal na pagdaraos ng lumang misa sa kahilingan ng mga mananampalataya.<ref>Apostolic Letter "Motu Proprio data" Summorum Pontificum on the use of the [[Ritung Romano|Roman Liturgy]] prior to the reform of 1970 (7 Hulyo 2007)</ref> Ang isang bagong [[Batas kanon]] na ''Codex Juris Canonici'' na tinawag ni Papa [[Juan XXIII]] ay inihayag ni Papa [[Juan Pablo II]] noong 1983. Ito ay kinabibilangan ng maraming mga reporma at pagbabago sa batas ng Simbahang Katoliko at disiplina para sa Simbahang Latin. Ito ay pumalit sa bersiyon na inisyu noong 1917 ni Papa [[Benedict XV]]. ==Mga doktrina== ===Ang isang totoong simbahan at paghaliling apostoliko=== {{main|Ang isang totoong simbahan|Paghaliling apostoliko}} Idineklara sa [[Ikaapat na Konsehong Laterano]] na: "May isang unibersal na simbahan ng mga mananampalataya na sa labas nito ay absolutong walang kaligtasan".<ref>[http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/lateran4.asp Fourth Lateran Council, canon 1]</ref> Ito ay kilala bilang ang doktrinang [[Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus]]. Inaangkin ng Simbahang Katoliko Romano na si [[Pedro]] na [[apostol]] ni [[Hesus]] ang unang ''obispo ng Roma'' at gumawa sa isang nagngangalang [[Linus]] bilang kahalili niyang obispo at kaya ay nagpasimula ito ng isang linyang paghalili ng mga obispo mula kay Pedro na kinabibilangan ng mga kasalukuyang [[papa]] ng Romano Katoliko. Gayunpaman, isinaad sa ''[[mga konstitusyong apostoliko]]'' na si [[Linus]] ang ''unang obispo ng Roma'' at inordinahan ni [[Apostol Pablo]] at si Linus ay hinalinhan ni [[Clemente]] na inordinahan naman ni Pedro. Ayon sa mga skolar at historyan, ang opisinang ''Monarkikal na Obispo'' ay lumitaw lamang noong ikalawang siglo CE. Sa mga liham lamang ni [[Ignacio ng Antioquia]] sa kanyang pagtungo sa Roma noong ika-2 siglo na kanyang inilarawan at ikinatwiran na ang mga simbahan ay pinangunahan ng isang obispo na inaalalayan ng mga presbitero at deakono.<ref name="Epistle to the Magnesians 6.1"/> Ayon kay propesor [[:en:Richard McBrien|Richard McBrien]], "dapat maalala na salungat sa banal na paniniwala ng Katoliko--ang monoarkikal na istrukturang episkopal ng simbahan (na kilala bilang episkopatang monarkikal kung saan ang bawat diyoses ay pinamumunuan ng isang obispo) ay hindi pa umiiral sa Roma sa panahong ito.<ref name="McBrien, Richard P p. 34"/> Ayon kay Padre [[:en:Francis A. Sullivan|Francis A. Sullivan]], "ang makukuhang ebidensiya ay nagpapakita na ang simbahan sa Roma ay pinamunuan ng isang kolehiyo ng mga presbitero sa halip na isang obispo sa loob ng hindi bababa sa ilang mga dekada ng ikalawang siglo CE.<ref>Sullivan F.A. From Apostles to Bishops: the development of the episcopacy in the early church. Newman Press, Mahwah (NJ), 2001, p. 80,221-222)</ref> Ayon din kay Fr. Sullivan, "Ang [[Bagong Tipan]] o ang sinaunang kasaysayang Kristiyano ay hindi nag-aalok ng suporta sa nosyon ng [[paghaliling apostoliko]] bilang 'isang hindi naputol na linya ng ordinasyong episkopal sa pamamagitan ng mga apostol sa mga siglo tungo sa mga obispo ngayon'" at "Ang Bagong Tipan ay hindi nag-aalok ng suporta para sa teoriya ng paghaliling apostoliko na nagpapalagay na ang mga apostol ay humirang o nag-ordina ng isang obispo para sa bawat mga simbahang kanilang itinatag".<ref name="Sullivan F.A p. 14"/> ===Sagradong kasulatan=== {{main|Kanon na biblikal}} [[Talaksan:Thebible33.jpg|thumb|Ang [[bibliya]] kasama ang [[krus (sagisag)|krus]] at [[rosaryo]].]] Ang sagradong kasulatan ([[bibliya]]) ng Simbahang Katoliko ay iba mula sa orihinal na kasulatan ng [[Kristiyanismo]] na hindi dinagdagan at hindi rin kinunan. Ang bibliya ng Simbahang Katoliko ay binubuo ng 73 aklat kabilang ang [[Lumang Tipan]], [[Bagong Tipan]] at mga [[deuterokanoniko]]. Ang Lumang Tipan at [[apokripa]] ng Katoliko ay binubuo ng 46 aklat na matatagpuan sa saling Griyego ng Tanakh na [[Septuagint]]. Ang mga aklat ng Bagong Tipan ng Katoliko ay nakatala sa [[easter letter]] (367 CE) ni [[Athanasius]].<ref name="Schreck23">Schreck, p. 23</ref> Ang pagkakabuo ng [[kanon]] ng Simbahang Katoliko ay tumagal ng maraming mga siglo bago nalutas sa [[Konseho ng Trent]] (1545–1563). Ang sagradong tradisyon ng Romano Katoliko ay binubuo ng mga katuruan na pinaniniwalaan nitong ipinasa mula sa panahon ng mga apostol.<ref name="Schreck16">Schreck, pp. 15–19</ref> Ang sagradong kasulatan at sagradong tradisyon ng Romano katoliko ay magkakasamang tinatawag na "deposito ng pananampalataya" (''depositum fidei''). Ang mga ito ay pinapakahulugan naman ng Magisterium na autoridad sa pagtuturo ng simbahan na sinasanay ng papa at kolehiyo ng mga obispo sa pakikipag-isa sa papa na obispo ng Roma.<ref name="Schreck30">Schreck, p. 30</ref> ===Kalikasan ng Diyos, Kristolohiya, Espiritu Santo=== {{main|Trinidad}} Ang '''Banal na Santatlo''' ([[Wikang Ingles|Ingles]]: ''[[Trinity]]'') ay doktrina na nagsasabi na ang iisang [[Diyos]], ay may tatlong hiwalay na persona: ang [[Diyos Ama|Ama]], ang [[Diyos Anak|Anak]] ([[Hesukristo]]), at ang [[Espirito Santo]]. Ang interpretasyon ng [[Simbahang Katolika]] ng doktrinang [[Trinidad]] na pinaunlad ng [[mga amang Capadocio]] noong ika-4 na siglo CE at pinagtibay sa [[kredong Niceno]] sa [[Konsilyo ng Constantinople]] noong 381 CE: {{cquote|Kami ay sumasampalataya sa iisang Diyos Amang Makapangyarihan sa lahat...At sa iisang Panginoong [[Hesukristo]], ang tanging bugtong na Anak ng Diyos...At sa Espiritu Santo, ang Panginoon at nagbibigay-buhay na nanggagaling sa Ama na kasama ng Ama ng Anak ay sinasamba at pinararangalan na nagsalita sa pamamagitan ng mga propeta.}} Ang pananaw ng [[mga amang Capadocio]] ay ang [[Diyos]] ay "''tatlong [[hypostasis]] sa isang [[ousia]]''". Noong ika-4 na siglo CE, may ilang kalituhan tungkol sa mga partikular na terminong ito. Para sa mga teologo ng [[Simbahang Kanluranin]] (Romano Katoliko), ang hypostasis ay kasingkahulugan ng Latin na substantia(substansiya) at nagpakahulugan sa pananaw na 'tatlong hypostasis' sa pagkaDiyos ng mga teologo ng [[Simbahang Silanganin]](Ortodokso) bilang 'tatlong mga substansiya' o isang [[triteismo]]. Ang pananaw ng mga teologo ng [[Simbahang Kanluranin]] ay ang "''Diyos ay tatlong mga persona sa isang substansiya (hypostasis)''". Ang pangkalahatang pinagkakasunduang kahulugan ng ousia sa [[Simbahang Silanganin]] ay "ang lahat ng umiiral sa sarili nito at nang walang pag-iral sa isa pa" bilang salungat sa hypostasis na pinapakahulugan ng mga ito na realidad o pag-iral.<ref>p.50-51 The Mystical Theology of the Eastern Church, by Vladimir Lossky SVS Press, 1997. (ISBN 0-913836-31-1) James Clarke & Co Ltd, 1991. (ISBN 0-227-67919-9)</ref> Ang [[Filioque]] na Latin para sa "at sa Anak" ay idinagdag sa Ikatlong Konsilyo ng Toledo noong 589 CE (Credo in Spiritum Sanctum qui ex patre filioque procedit/Ako ay sumasampalataya sa Banal na Espirito na nagmumula mula sa Ama at sa Anak") na tinanggap na paniniwala sa Simbahang Kanluranin (Simbahang Katoliko Romano) noong ikatlong siglo CE. {{cquote|At sa Banal na Espirito, ang Panginoon at nagbibigay-buhay na nanggagaling sa Ama '''at sa anak''' na kasama ng Ama ng Anak ay sinasamba at pinararangalan na nagsalita sa pamamagitan ng mga propeta.}} Ito ay ginamit para sa mga kagamitang liturhikal ng [[Simbahang Katoliko Romano]] noong ika-11 siglo CE. Ang karagdagang ito na [[filioque]] ay hindi tinanggap ng [[Simbahang Silanganin]] sa mga kadahilanang ang pagdarag ay ginawang mag-isa ng [[Simbahang Kanluranin]] na nagbabago sa kredong inaprobahan ng mga maagang konsilyong ekumenikal at ang pormula ay sumasalamin sa isang partikular na pananaw ng [[Trinidad]] ng Kanluraning Simbahan na tinutulan ng mga teologo ng [[Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso]]. Ito ang isa sa mga pangunahing paktor na humantong sa [[Dakilang Paghahati]] sa pagitan ng mga Simbahang Silanganin at Kanluranin. Ang pagdaragdag ng [[filioque]] sa Kredong Niceno-Constantinopolitano ay kindonena bilang eretikal ng maraming mga ama at santo ng Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso kabilang si [[Photios I ng Constantinople]], [[Gregory Palamas]] at [[Marcos ng Efeso]] na minsang tinutukoy bilang ang Tatlong mga Haligi ng [[Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso|Ortodoksiya]]. ===Mariolohiya=== {{main|Maria}} [[File:Santa Marija Assunta.jpg|thumb|300px|Estatwa ng Assumption of Mary sa [[Attard]], [[Malta]]]] Ang mga doktrina tungkol kay [[Maria]] sa Simbahang Romano Katoliko ay kinabibilangan ng: * [[Ina ng Diyos]] na nagsasaad na si Maria bilang ina ni Hesus ay ang [[Theotokos]] (tagadala ng diyos) o Ina ng Diyos * [[Birheng kapanganakan ni Hesus]] na nagsasaad na milagrosong ipinaglihi ni Maria si Hesus sa pamamagitan ng aksiyon ng banal na espirito habang nananatiling birhen * [[Dormisyon ng Theotokos]] na umaalala sa pagtulog o natural na kamatayan sa sandaling bago ang kanyang pag-akyat sa langit * [[Pag-akyat sa langit ni Maria]] na nagsasaad na si Maria ay kinuha sa katawan sa langit sa o bago ang kanyang kamatayan * [[Kalinis-linisang paglilihi]] na nagsasaad na si Maria ay ipinaglihi ng walang [[orihinal na kasalanan]] * [[Walang hanggang pagkabirhen]] na nagsasaad na si Maria ay nanatiling birhen sa kanyang buong buhay kahit pagkatapos ipanganak si Hesus *Tagapamagitan sa pagitan ng Diyos at tao sa mga nananalangin kay [[Maria]] {|class="wikitable" |- !| Doktrina !| Umimbento ng doktrinang ito<br />at petsa ng pagkakaimbento !| Mga sektang tumatanggap nito |- | [[Ina ng Diyos]] (Theotokos)|| [[Unang Konsilyo ng Efeso]], 431 CE|| Romano Katoliko, [[Silangang Ortodokso]], Anglikano, Lutherano, Methodista <br /> |- | [[Kapanganakang birhen ni Hesus]] || [[Unang Konsilyo ng Nicaea]], 325 CE || Romano Katoliko, [[Silangang Ortodokso]], Anglikano, Lutherano, Methodista <br />[[Protestantismo]], [[Mormon]] |- | [[Pag-akyat sa langit ni Maria]] || ensiklikal na ''[[Munificentissimus Deus]]'' <br />[[Papa Pio XII]], 1950 || Romano Katoliko, [[Silangang Ortodokso]], Anglikano, ilang Lutherano |- |[[Kalinis-linisang paglilihi]] || ensiklikal na ''[[Ineffabilis Deus]]''<br />[[Papa Pio IX]], 1854 || Romano Katoliko, ilang Anglikano, ilang Lutherano, simulang [[Martin Luther]] |- | [[Walang hanggang pagkabirhen]] || [[Ikalawang Konsilyo ng Constantinople|Konsilyo ng Constantinople]], 533<br />[[Mga artikulong Smalcald]], 1537 || Romano Katoliko, [[Silangang Ortodokso]], Anglikano, ilang Lutherano<br />[[Martin Luther]], [[John Wesley]] |} ===Primasiya ng papang Romano=== {{main|Papa ng Simbahang Katoliko Romano}} Ang primasiya ng [[Obispo ng Roma]] ang doktrinang Romano Katoliko na nauukol sa respeto at autoridad na nararapat sa [[Obispo ng Roma]] mula sa ibang mga obispo at kanilang mga sede. Kasama ng [[Filioque|kontrobersiyang Filioque]], ang pagkakaiba sa interpretasyon ng doktrinang ito ang naging at ang nanatiling pangunahing mga sanhi ng [[sismang Kanluran-Silangan]] sa [[Kristiyanismo]].<ref name="Kasper2006">{{cite book|last=Kasper|first=Walter |title=The Petrine ministry: Catholics and Orthodox in dialogue : academic symposium held at the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=3mxbj99yRaQC&pg=PA188|accessdate=22 Disyembre 2011|year=2006|publisher=Paulist Press|isbn=978-0-8091-4334-4|page=188|quote=The question of the primacy of the Roman pope has been and remains, together with the question of the Filioque, one of the main causes of separation between the Latin Church and the Orthodox churches and one of the principal obstacles to their union.}}</ref> Sa Simbahang [[Silangang Ortodokso]], ang primasiya ng obispo ng Roma ay nauunawan na isang lamang ng dakilang karangalan na tumuturing ditong "''[[primus inter pares]]''" ("una sa mga magkatumbas") nang walang epektibong kapangyarihan sa ibang mga simbahang Kristiyano.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ratzinger’s Ecumenism between light and shadows |url=http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/en/homepage/inquiries-and-interviews/detail/articolo/germania-germany-alemania-8380/ |access-date=2013-01-19 |archive-date=2013-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731130439/http://vaticaninsider.lastampa.it/en/inquiries-and-interviews/detail/articolo/germania-germany-alemania-8380/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&tbo=1&q=meyendorff+%22primacy+is+power%22+&btnG= John Meyendorff (editor), ''The Primacy of Peter'' (St Vladimir's Seminary Press 1995 ISBN 978-0-88141-125-6), p. 165]</ref> Sa karagdagan, ang pananaw ng Simbahang [[Silangang Ortodokso]] ay ang mga pribilehiyao sa Roma ay hindi absolutong kapangyarihan. Sa [[Silangang Kristiyanismo]], marami ang mga itinuturing na "apostolikong sede" na ang [[Simbahan ng Herusalem]] ang itinuturing na "''ina ng lahat ng mga simbahan''". Ang [[obispo ng Antioch]] ay maari ring mag-angkin ng pamagat na kahalili ni Pedro dahil si Pedro ang pinuno ng [[Simbahan sa Antioch]]. Ayon sa Simbahang Katoliko Romano, ang primasiya ng Obispo ng Roma ay "buo, suprema at unibersal na kapangyarihan sa buong Simbahan na isang kapangyariahn na palagi niyang sinasanay nang hindi nahaharangan"<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P2A.HTM Catechism of the Catholic Church, 882]</ref> na isang kapangyarihang itinuturo rin ng Katoliko Romano sa [[Kolehiya ng mga Obispo|buong katawan ng mga obispo]] na nagkakaisa sa Papa ng Romano Katoliko.<ref>Catechism of the Catholic Church, 883</ref> Ang kapangyarihang itinuturo nito sa autoridad na primasiya ng papa ay may mga limitasyon na opisyal, legal, dogmatiko, praktikal,<ref>[http://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&tbo=1&q=Granfield+%22official+legal+dogmatic+and+practical%22&btnG= Patrick Granfield, Peter C. Phan (editors), ''The Gift of the Church'' (Liturgical Press 2000 ISBN 978-0-8146-5931-1), pp. 486-488]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.catholicplanet.com/TSM/limits-magisterium.htm |title=The Limits of the Magisterium |access-date=2013-01-19 |archive-date=2006-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615184618/http://catholicplanet.com/TSM/limits-magisterium.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> at "''isang kamalian na isiping ang bawat salitang binibigkas ng Papa ay [[inpalible]] o walang kakayahang magkamali.''".<ref>[http://www.sspx.org/archbishop_lefebvre_daily_quotes/april_2011_quotes.htm Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre, ''Open Letter to Confused Catholics'']{{Dead link|date=Agosto 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Ang ebolusyon ng mas naunang tradisyon ay naglalagay sa parehong sina [[Apostol Pedro]] at [[Apostol Pablo]] na mga mga ninuno ng mga obispo ng Roma na pinagtanggap ng mga ito ng posisyon bilang pangunahing pastol (Pedro) at supremang autoridad sa doktrina (Pablo).<ref>Schimmelpfennig, p. 27</ref> Upang itatag ang primasiya o pagiging una ng Obispo ng Roma, ang mga obispo ng Roma ay umaasa sa isang liham na isinulat noong 416 CE ni [[Papa Inocencio I]] sa Obispo ng Gubbio upang ipakita kung paanong ang pagpapailalim sa Roma ay naitatag. Dahil si Pedro ang pinaniniwalaang ang tanging apostol (hindi binanggit si Pablo) na nagtrabaho sa Kanluran ay kaya pinaniniwalaang ang mga tanging persona na nagtatag ng mga simbahan sa Italya, Espanya, Gaul, Sicicly, Aprika at mga kanluraning isla ay mga obispong hinirang ni Pedro o mga kahalili nito. Ang pag-aangkin ng primasiya ng papa ng Roma ay maaaring tinanggap sa Italya ngunit hindi handang tinanggap sa iba pang mga lugar sa Kanluran. Ang presensiya ni Pedro sa Roma ay pinagtibay nina [[Clemente ng Roma]], [[Ignatius ng Antioch]], [[Irenaeus ng Lyon]] at iba pang mga sinaunang manunulat na Kristiyano.<ref name=ODS>[http://www.google.com/search?q=Farmer+%22is+not+explicitly+affirmed%22&btnG=Search+Books&tbm=bks&tbo=1 David Hugh Farmer (editor), ''The Oxford Dictionary of Saints'' (Oxford University Press 2004 ISBN 978-0-19-860949-0), art. "Peter (1)"]</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=93FSZsiM5cAC&pg=PA87&dq=Saint+Peter+in+Rome&hl=en&ei=mhexTsiYGoSmhAe758HQAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAjhk#v=onepage&q&f=false Lawrence Boadt, Linda Schapper (editors), ''The Life of St Paul" (Paulist Press 2008 ISBN 978-0-8091-0519-9), p. 88]</ref> Ang parehong mga manunulat ay nagpahiwatig rin na si Pedro ang tagapagtatag ng Simbahan sa Roma bagaman hindi sa kahulugan ng pagsisimula ng pamayanang Kristiyano doon.<ref name=JWOM>[http://www.google.com/search?tbm=bks&tbo=1&q=O%27Malley+%22despite+what+Irenaeus%22 John W. O'Malley, ''A History of the Popes'' (Rowland & Littlefield 2009 ISBN 978-1-58051-227-5), p. 11]</ref> Ikinatwiran rin ng mga Romano Katoliko na ang {{bibleverse|1|Pedro|5:13}} ay nagpapatunay na si Pedro ay tumungo sa Roma dahil ang [[Babilonia]] ay kanilang inaangking isang kriptikong pangalan para sa Roma gaya ng paggamit sa [[Aklat ng Pahayag]]. Gayunpaman, ang interpretasyong ito ay itinatakwil ng maraming mga skolar at komentador ng bibliya dahil walang ebidensiya na ang Roma ay kailanman tinawag na Babilonia pagkatapos ng [[Aklat ng Pahayag]]. Ang 1 Pedro ay hindi rin [[aklat apokaliptiko|apokaliptiko]] at ang Babilonia ay hindi mas kriptiko kesa sa [[Pontus]], [[Asya]] at iba pang mga lugar na binanggit sa 1 Pedro. Kanila ring inangkin na ang Babilonia ay tinitirhan pa rin ng maliit na bilang ng mga tao sa mga panahong ito. Dahil sa pagbanggit ng "''Binabati rin kayo ni Marcos na aking anak''" sa {{bibleverse|1|Pedro|5:13}} at dahil si [[Marcos ang Ebanghelista]] ay itinturing na tagapagtatag ng [[Koptikong Ortodoksong Simbahan ng Alehandriya|Simbahan ng Alehandriya]] kaya ang ilang mga skolar ay naniniwalang ang [[1 Pedro]] ay isinulat sa [[Ehipto]]. Ayon kay Irenaeus (130–202 CE), sina Pedro at Pablo ang mga tagapagtatag ng Simbahan ng Roma at kanilang hinirang si [[Papa Linus]] sa opisina ng episkopata na pagsisimula ng [[apostolikong paghalili]] ng sedeng Romano. Ayon kay Tertulliano (160–c. 225 CE), si [[Papa Clemente I|Clemente]] ang kahalili ni Pedro. Ayon kay [[Jeronimo]] (347–420), si Clemente ang ikaapat na obispo ng Roma pagkatapos ni Pedro bagaman kanyang idinagdag na "ang karamihan ng mga Latin ay naniniwalang si Clemente ang ikalawa pagkatapos ng apostol". Ang [[Mga Konstitusyong Apostoliko]] (375CE-380CE) ay nagsaad na si Linus ang unang obispo ng Roma na inordina ni [[Apostol Pablo]]. Ang isang ''Linus'' ay binanggit sa {{bibleverse|1|Timoteo|4:19-22}} na inaangkin ng ilang mga Romano Katoliko na si Papa Linus. Gayunpaman, ang iba ay itinalang bago ni Linus at ang kawalan ng pagbibigay diin o preeminensiya kay Linus ay nagmumungkahing si Linus ay hindi isang pinuno o obispo at kahalili ni Pedro.<ref>We cannot be positive whether this identification of the pope as being the Linus mentioned in II Timothy 4:21, goes back to an ancient and reliable source, or originated later on account of the similarity of the name (Kirsch J.P. Transcribed by Gerard Haffner. Pope St. Linus. The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume IX. Copyright © 1910 by Robert Appleton Company. Online Edition Copyright © 2003 by K. Knight. Nihil Obstat, 1 Oktubre 1910. Remy Lafort, Censor. Imprimatur. +John M. Farley, Archbishop of New York).</ref> Sa karagdagan ay pinaniniwalaan ng mga skolar na ang [[2 Timoteo]] ay isinulat sa ikalawang siglo at isang pekeng liham na hindi isinulat ni Pablo. Ang karamihan ng mga skolar sa kasalukuyan ay tumatanggap rin na ang mga sinaunang Kristiyano sa Roma ay hindi umasal bilang isang nagkakaisang pamayanan sa ilalim ng isang pinuno o isang obispo noong unang siglo CE. Ang pagkakaroon ng isang obispo ay lumitaw lamang noong ikalawang siglo CE.<ref name=JWOM/><ref>ALTHOUGH CATHOLIC TRADITION, BEGINNING IN the late second and early third centuries, regards St. Peter as the first bishop of Rome and, therefore, as the first pope, there is no evidence that Peter was involved in the initial establishment of the Christian community in Rome (indeed, what evidence there is would seem to point in the opposite direction) or that he served as Rome's first bishop. Not until the pontificate of St. Pius I in the middle of the second century (ca. 142-ca. 155) did the Roman Church have a monoepiscopal structure of government (one bishop as pastoral leader of a diocese). Those who Catholic tradition lists as Peter's immediate successors (Linus, Anacletus, Clement, et al.) did not function as the one bishop of Rome (McBrien, Richard P. Lives of the Popes: The Pontiffs from St. Peter to Benedict XVI. Harper, San Francisco, 2005 updated ed., p.25).</ref><ref>The Christian community at Rome well into the second century operated as a collection of separate communites without any central structure...Rome was a constellation of house churches, independent of one another, each of which was loosely governed by an elder. The communities thus basically followed the pattern of the Jewish synagogues out of which they developed. (O'Malley JW. A History of the Popes. Sheed & Ward, 2009, p. 11)</ref> Gayunpaman, ang mga talatang {{bibleverse||Galacia|2:7-9}} at {{bibleverse||Roma|15:16-20}} ay ikinatwiran ng mga Protestante na nagpapatunay na si Pedro ay hindi nangaral sa mga [[hentil]] dahil siya ay itinakdang mangaral sa mga Hudyo. Si [[Apostol Pablo]] ay naglayag sa Roma ({{bibleverse|Mga|Gawa|28:16,30-31}}) ngunit hindi binanggit ang presensiya ni Pedro sa kanyang mga inaangking sulat mula sa Roma at [[Sulat sa mga taga-Roma|para sa Roma]] ({{bibleverse||Roma|16}}. Noong 2009, isinaad ni Otto Zwierlein na "''walang isang piraso ng maasahang ebidensiyang pampanitikan at wala ring ebidensiyang arkeolohikal na si Pedro ay kailanman nasa Roma''".<ref name="Zwierlein review">[[Pieter Willem van der Horst]], review of Otto Zwierlein, ''Petrus in Rom: die literarischen Zeugnisse. Mit einer kritischen Edition der Martyrien des Petrus und Paulus auf neuer handschriftlicher Grundlage'', Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2009, in ''[[Bryn Mawr Classical Review]]'' [http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2010/2010-03-25.html 2010.03.25].</ref><ref>[[James Dunn (theologian)|James Dunn]], review of Zwierlein 2009, in ''[[Review of Biblical Literature]]'' [http://www.bookreviews.org/bookdetail.asp?TitleId=7189 2010]</ref><ref>http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1582585/St-Peter-was-not-the-first-Pope-and-never-went-to-Rome-claims-Channel-4.html</ref> Ang isang pangunahing debate sa pagitan ng mga Romano Katoliko at Protestante sa primasiya ng papang Romano ay nakasentro sa {{bibleverse||Mateo|16:18}} kung saan sinabi ni [[Hesus]] kay Pedro na: "''At sinasabi ko rin sa iyo: Ikaw ay Pedro. Sa ibabaw ng batong ito ay itatayo ko ang aking iglesiya. Hindi makakapanaig sa kaniya ang tarangkahan ng Hades.''" Ang talatang ito ay pinapakahulugan ng mga Romano Katoliko na sinasabi ni Hesus na itatag ang kanyang simbahan kay Pedro. Dahil dito, kanilang inaangkin na si Pedro ang ''unang'' papa ng Simbahang Katoliko Romano. Gayunpaman, ang unang indibidwal na ginamitan ng pamagat na "[[Papa]]" sa Simbahang Katoliko Romano ay si [[Papa Marcelino]] (namatay noong 304) at ang unang obispo ng Roma na pinaniniwalaan ng ilan na kumuha ng pamagat na "[[Papa]]" ay si [[Papa Siricio]] (384–399 CE). Inaangkin na rin ng mga teologong Romano Katoliko na si Pedro ang ginawang pastol ng apostolikong kawan sa {{bibleverse||Juan|21:15-19}} at nagpapalakas ng mga kapatid ({{bibleverse||Lucas|22:31-32}}). Sa Griyego ng {{bibleverse||Mateo|16:18}} na pinaniniwalaang orihinal na wika ng Bagong Tipan, ang pangalang ibinigay ni Hesus kay Simon ay ''petros'' ngunit kanyang tinukoy ang "bato (rock)" bilang ''petra''. Ayon sa ilang skolar, may pagtatangi sa pagitan ng dalawang mga salitang petra at petros na ang petra ay "bato (rock)" samantalang ang petros ay maliit na bato (pebble). Pinapakahulugan ng mga Protestante na ang "''batong ito''" ay hindi si Pedro kundi sa konpesyon ng pananampalataya ni Pedro sa mga nakaraang talata at kaya ay hindi naghahayag ng primasiya ni Pedro kundi ay naghahayag na itatayo ni Hesus ang kanyang simbahan sa pundasyon ng pahayag at konpesyon ng pananamapalataya ni Pedro na si Hesus ang Kristo. Ang pananaw na ito ang pananaw ng ilang mga ama ng simbahan gaya ni Juan Crisostomo. Gayunpaman, ang interpretasyong ito ay itinatakwil ng ilang mga skolar na Protestante gaya nina Blomberg at Carson na naniniwalang ang bato ay si Pedro. Ang ilang mga Protestante ay naniniwalang ang "batong ito" ay tumutukoy kay [[Hesus]] bilang reperensiya sa [[Aklat ng Deuteronomio]] 32:3-4, "''Ang [[diyos]]...ang bato (rock), ang kanyang gawa ay sakdal''" na kanila ring sinusuportahan ng mga talatang {{bibleverse|1|Corinto|3:11,10:4}}, {{bibleverse||Efeso|2:20}}, at {{bibleverse2|1|Pedro|2:4-8}}. Ang {{bibleverse||Efeso|2:20}} ay nagsasaad na ang ''mga apostol'' ang saligan at hindi lamang ang ''isang'' apostol. Ayon sa {{bibleverse||Galacia|2:7}}, ang pagkakatiwala ng pangangaral ni Pablo ng ebanghelyo sa mga [[hentil]] ay gaya ng kay Pedro sa mga Hudyo na nagpapahiwatig si Pedro ay hindi higit kay Pablo. Ayon sa {{bibleverse||Mateo|19:28}} at {{bibleverse||Pahayag|21:14}}, ang 12 apostol ay uupo sa 12 trono upang hukuman ang labindalawang lipi ng Israel. Ayon sa {{bibleverse||Lucas|22:24-29}}, "''Nagkaroon ng pagtatalo sa kanila kung sino sa kanila ang ituturing na pinakadakila. Sinabi ni Hesus sa kanila: Ang mga hari ng mga [[hentil]] ay naghahari sa kanila. Ang mga namamahala sa kanila ay tinatawag na tagagawa ng mabuti. Ngunit hindi gayon sa inyo. Ang pinakadakila sa inyo ay matulad sa pinakabata. Siya na tagapanguna ay matulad sa tagapaglingkod. Ito ay sapagkat sino nga ba ang higit na dakila, ang nakadulog ba o ang naglilingkod? Hindi ba ang higit na dakila ay ang nakadulog? Ngunit ako na nasa kalagitnaan ninyo ay tulad sa naglilingkod. Kayo iyong mga kasama kong nagpatuloy sa aking mga pagsubok. Ang aking Ama ay naglaan para sa akin ng isang paghahari. Ganito rin ang paglaan ko ng isang paghahari para sa inyo. Inilaan ko ito upang kayo ay makakain at makainom sa aking dulang sa aking paghahari. Inilaan ko ito upang kayo ay makaupo sa mga trono na hinahatulan ang labindalawang lipi ni Israel''". Ayon sa {{bibleverse||Mateo|23:8-11}}, "''Huwag kayong patawag sa mga tao na guro sapagkat iisa ang inyong pinuno, si Cristo, at kayong lahat ay magkakapatid. Huwag ninyong tawaging ama ang sinuman dito sa lupa sapagkat iisa ang inyong Ama na nasa langit. Huwag kayong patawag na mga pinuno sapagkat iisa ang inyong pinuno, si Cristo. Ngunit ang higit na dakila sa inyo ay magiging tagapaglingkod ninyo. Ang sinumang magtataas ng kaniyang sarili ay ibababa at ang sinumang magpapakumbaba sa kaniyang sarili ay itataas''". Ayon sa {{bibleverse||Juan|20:19-23}}, ang pagpapatawad ng mga kasalanan ay ipinagkaloob sa 11 mga apostol. [[File:Emblem of the Papacy SE.svg|thumb|200px|Emblem ng [[Papa ng Simbahang Katoliko Romano]]. Ang nakakrus na mga susi sa emblem ng [[kapapahan]] ng Simbahang Katoliko Romano ay sumisimbolo sa mga susi ng langit na ipinagkatiwala kay [[Simon Pedro]] ayon sa {{bibleverse||Mateo|16:18-19}}. Ang mga susi ay ginto at pilak na sumisimbolo sa kapangyarihan ng pagkakalag at pagtatali. Ang tripleng korona ng [[tiara ng papa]] ay kumakatawan sa tatlong mga gampanin ng papang Romano Katoliko bilang "supemang pastor", "supremang guro" at "supremang [[saserdote]] (pari)". Ang gintong krus sa [[monde]] (globo) na nasa itaas ng tiara ay sumisimbolo sa soberanya ni [[Hesus]].]] Inaangkin ng mga hindi-Romano Katoliko na ang mga susi sa kalangitan na pagkakaloob ng pagtatali at pagkakalag sa lupa sa {{bibleverse||Mateo|16:19}} ay hindi lamang ibinigay kay Pedro kundi sa lahat ng mga apostol na kanilang sinusuportahan ng talatang {{bibleverse||Mateo|18:18-20}}. Ang interpretasyong ito ang pananaw ng maraming mga ama ng simbahan gaya nina [[Tertulliano]],<ref>"What, now, (has this to do) with the Church, and) your (church), indeed, Psychic? For, in accordance with the person of Peter, it is to spiritual men that this power will correspondently appertain, either to an apostle or else to a prophet." ''On Modesty''. Book VII. Chapter XXI</ref> [[Hilary ng Poitiers]],<ref>"This faith it is which is the foundation of the Church; through this faith the gates of hell cannot prevail against her. This is the faith which has the keys of the kingdom of heaven. Whatsoever this faith shall have loosed or bound on earth shall be loosed or bound in heaven. This faith is the Father's gift by revelation; even the knowledge that we must not imagine a false Christ, a creature made out of nothing, but must confess Him the Son of God, truly possessed of the Divine nature."''On the Trinity''. Book VI.37</ref> [[Juan Crisostomo]],<ref>"For ([[John the Apostle|John]]) the Son of thunder, the beloved of Christ, the pillar of the Churches throughout the world, who holds the keys of heaven, who drank the cup of Christ, and was baptized with His baptism, who lay upon his Master’s bosom, with much confidence, this man now comes forward to us now"''Homilies on the Gospel of John.'' Preface to Homily 1.1</ref> [[Augustine]].<ref>"He has given, therefore, the keys to His Church, that whatsoever it should bind on earth might be bound in heaven, and whatsoever it should loose on earth might be, loosed in heaven; that is to say, that whosoever in the Church should not believe that his sins are remitted, they should not be remitted to him; but that whosoever should believe and should repent, and turn from his sins, should be saved by the same faith and repentance on the ground of which he is received into the bosom of the Church. For he who does not believe that his sins can be pardoned, falls into despair, and becomes worse as if no greater good remained for him than to be evil, when he has ceased to have faith in the results of his own repentance."''On Christian Doctrine'' Book I. Chapter 18.17 The Keys Given to the Church.</ref><ref>"...Peter, the first of the apostles, receive the keys of the kingdom of heaven for the binding and loosing of sins; and for the same congregation of saints, in reference to the perfect repose in the bosom of that mysterious life to come did the evangelist John recline on the breast of Christ. For it is not the former alone but the whole Church, that bindeth and looseth sins; nor did the latter alone drink at the fountain of the Lord's breast, to emit again in preaching, of the Word in the beginning, God with God, and those other sublime truths regarding the divinity of Christ, and the Trinity and Unity of the whole Godhead."''On the Gospel of John''. Tractate CXXIV.7 Abbé Guettée (1866). ''The Papacy: Its Historic Origin and Primitive Relations with the Eastern Churches'', (Minos Publishing; NY), p.175</ref><ref>"...the keys that were given to the Church..." ''A Treatise Concerning the Correction of the Donatists.'' Chapter 10.45</ref><ref>"How the Church? Why, to her it was said, "To thee I will give the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatsoever thou shall loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven, and whatsoever thou shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven."''Ten Homilies on the First Epistle of John''. Homily X.10 cited in Whelton, M., (1998) Two Paths: Papal Monarchy - Collegial Tradition, (Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MA), p28</ref> Ayon sa mga Katoliko, ang ginamit na Griyeong soi (iyo) ay singular na tumutukoy lamang kay Pedro. Ang {{bibleverse||Mateo|16:18}} ay gumagamit ng nagdudugtong na Griyegong pariralang kai epi tautee na isinaling "at sa batong ito" na ayon sa mga teologong Romano Katoliko ay nakabatay sa nakaraang sugnay na nagsisilbing magtumbas ng ikalawang batong petra sa unang batong petros. Gayunpaman, ikinatwiran ng mga Protestante na ang patakarang grammar ng mga pang-uri ay dapat umayon sa kaso, kasarian at bilang sa mga pangngalang binabago nito. Kanilang ikinatwiran na ang pagkakaiba sa kasarian ng mga salitang petra (babae) at petros (lalake) ay nagpapatunay na hindi si Pedro ang batong petra. Ikinatwiran ng mga Katoliko na ang patakarang ito ay hindi lumalapat sa mga salitang ito dahil ang parehong mga salita ay mga pangngalan at hindi pang-uri. Tungkol sa interpretasyon ng {{bibleverse||Mateo|16:18-19}}, isinulat ni Jaroslav Pelikan na "''Gaya ng pag-amin ngayon ng mga skolar na Romano Katoliko, ginamit ito ng sinaunang amang Kristiyano na si [[Cipriano]] upang patunayan ang autoridad ng obispo hindi lamang ng obispo ng Roma ngunit ng bawat obispo''" na tumutukoy sa gawa ni Maurice Bevenot tungkol kay Cipriano. Bagaman sa 12 alagad, si Pedro ang nananaig sa mga unang kabanata ng [[Mga Gawa ng mga Apostol]], si [[Santiago na kapatid ng Panginoon]] ay ipinakitang pinuno ng Simbahang Kristiyano sa mga kalaunang kabanata ng Mga Gawa. Ang ilan ay nag-aangkin na mas nanaig sa ranggo si Santiago kesa kay Pedro dahil si Santiago ang huling nagsalita sa [[Konseho ng Herusalem]] sa {{bibleverse|Mga|Gawa|15:13-21}} na nagmumungkahing ito ang huling pagpapasya na pinagkasunduan ng lahat. Ang katusuan rin ni Santiago ay sinunod sa lahat ng mga Kristiyano sa Antioch na nagpapahiwatig na ang autoridad ni Santiago ay lagpas sa Herusalem. Gayundin, binanggit ni [[Apostol Pablo]] si Santiago bago kay Pedro at Juan nang tawagin ni Pablo ang mga ito na "''mga haligi ng simbahan''" sa {{bibleverse||Galacia|2:9}}. Ayon sa {{bibleverse||Galacia|2:11-13}}, sinunod ni Pedro ang kautusan ni Santiago na lumayo sa mga [[hentil]] at hindi lamang si Pedro kundi pati ang kasamang misyonaryo ni Pablong si Barnabas gayundin ang lahat ng mga Hudyo. Gayunpaman, ayon sa mga teologong Romano Katoliko, ang mga talatang {{bibleverse|Mga|Gawa|12:12-17}} at {{bibleverse||Galacia|1:18-19}} ay nagpapahiwatig na si Pedro ang pinuno ng simbahang Kristiyano at si Pedro ang humirang kay Santiago na pinuno nang siya ay lumisan sa Herusalem. Gayunpaman, ayon sa mga hindi naniniwala sa interpretasyong ito ng Romano Katoliko, kung ang pagkakahirang kay Santiago ay kinailangan sa paglisan ni Pedro sa Herusalem, bakit hindi kinilala si Pedro na pinuno sa [[Konseho ng Herusalem]] sa {{bibleverse|Mga|Gawa|15}}. Si Santiago ay nanatiling nasa papel ng pinuno kahit sa presensiya ni Pedro sa Konseho ng Herusalem sa Mga Gawa 15. Ayon sa propesor na si John Painter, mas malamang na ang talata ay nagsasaad na si Pedro ay nag-uulat lamang ng kanyang mga gawain sa kanyang pinunong si Santiago. Ang Galacia 1:18-19 ay hindi malinaw at maaaring pakahulugan upang suportahan ang parehong pananaw na si Santiago o Pedro ang pinuno ng Simbahang Kristiyano sa Herusalem. Gayunpaman, ang katotohanang si Santiago ay binanggit maliban sa ''iba'' pang mga apostol ay nagpapakitang si Santiago ay napakahalaga para kay Pablo. Ayon kay [[Eusebio ng Caesarea]], si Santiago ang unang obispo o patriarka ng Simbahang Kristiyano sa Herusalem. Ikinatwiran rin na ang mga [[Unang Pitong Konsehong Ekumenikal|konseho ng simbahan]] ay hindi tumuring sa mga desisyon ng papa na nagtatali. Ang [[Ikatlong Konsehong Ekumenikal]] ay ipinatawag bagaman kinondena ng romanong papa na si [[Papa Celestino I]] si [[Nestoryo]] bilang [[heretiko]] na ikinatwiran ni Whelton na nagpapakitang hindi itinuring ng konseho ang kondemnasyon ng papang Romano bilang depinitibo. .<ref>''Ibid.'', p153.</ref><ref>Whelton, M., (1998) Two Paths: Papal Monarchy - Collegial Tradition, (Regina Orthodox Press; Salisbury, MA), p.59.</ref> Ayon sa mga sumasalungat sa doktrinang ito, walang isang konsehong ekumenikal ang ipinatawag ng papa ng Roma. Ang lahat ng mga konsehong ekumenikal ay ipinatawag ng mga Emperador na [[Bizantino]]. Kung ang katuruan ng primasiya ng papang Romano ang bumuo ng bahagi ng Tradisyong Banal, ang gayong kapangyarihan ng papang Romano ay sasanayin upang lutasin ang mga alitan sa sinaunang kasaysayan ng Simbahang Kristiyano. Ang pangkalahatang konseho ay maaari ring manaig sa desisyon ng mga papang Romano. Ang pagsalungat sa mga kautusan ng papang Romano ay hindi rin limitado sa mga nakaraang siglo. Ang isang mahusay na kilalang halimbawa ang [[Society of St. Pius X]] na kumikilala ng primasiya ng papang Romano<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Statement of Reservations Concerning the Impending Beatification of Pope John Paul II |url=http://www.dici.org/en/documents/a-statement-of-reservations-concerning-the-impending-beatification-of-pope-john-paul-ii/ |access-date=2013-01-19 |archive-date=2012-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513082526/http://www.dici.org/en/documents/a-statement-of-reservations-concerning-the-impending-beatification-of-pope-john-paul-ii/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ngunit tumangging tumanggap sa mga kautusan ng papa tungkol sa [[liturhiya]]. Noong 2005, ang Romano Katolikong propesor na [[Hesuita]]ng si John J. Paris ay nagbalewala sa kautusan ng papa bilang nagkukulang sa autoridad.<ref>[http://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?recnum=6635 Patrick J. Reilly, "Teaching Euthanasia" (Catholic Culture)]</ref> Noong 2012, sa okasyon ng ika-50 anibersaryo ng pagbubukas ng Ikalawang Konsehong Vatikano, ang 60 prominenteng mga teologong Romano Katoliko ay naglimbag ng isang opisyal na deklarasyon na nagsasaad na ang kapapahan sa kasalukuyan ay lumalagpas sa autoridad nito.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.churchauthority.org/index.asp |title=the JUBILEE DECLARATION, 11 Oktubre 2012 |access-date=19 Enero 2013 |archive-date=15 Oktubre 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015022156/http://www.churchauthority.org/index.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Mga mortal na kasalanan=== Noong 10 Marso 2008, nagtala ang [[Lungsod ng Batikano|Batikano]] ng pitong bagong mortal na kasalanang dapat iwasan. Kabilang sa mga nadagdag na ito ang mga may kaugnayan sa pagsuway sa mga pundamental na karapatang pantao katulad ng mga pakikialam na panghenetiko, polusyon, paggamit ng mga [[ipinagbabawal na gamot]], at maging ang lumalaking lawak sa antas panlipunan at pangkabuhayan ng mga mayayaman at mahihirap. Nadagdag ang mga nabanggit sa mga dati nang naitalang mga mortal na kasalanang dapat iwasan ng isang tao: ang pagkamahalay, [[katakawan]], [[pagiimbot]], [[katamaran]], lubhang pagkaingit sa ibang tao, pagdadala ng poot sa ibang tao, at lubhang pagpapahalaga sa pansariling karangalan. Idinagdag ang mga bagong kasalanang dapat iwasan upang makasunod sa makabagong takbo ng kasalukuyang panahon ang Simbahang Katoliko.<ref name=CNN>{{Cite web |title=Vatican lists new sinful behaviors, CNN/Living, CNN.com, 10 Marso 2008 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2008/LIVING/wayoflife/03/10/vatican.updates.sins.ap/index.html |access-date=11 Marso 2008 |archive-date=11 Marso 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080311142051/http://www.cnn.com/2008/LIVING/wayoflife/03/10/vatican.updates.sins.ap/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Mga Sakramento=== ==Mga paghingi ng tawad ni Papa Juan Pablo II sa mga kasalanan ng Simbahang Romano Katoliko == Si Papa [[Juan Paulo II]] ay gumawa ng maraming mga paghingi ng tawad sa mga kasalanang ginawa ng Simbahang Romano Katoliko sa buong kasaysayan ng pag-iral nito. Kabilang sa mga hiningan ng tawad ng papa ang mga [[Hudaismo|Hudyo]], kay [[Galileo]], mga kababaihan, mga biktima ng [[Inkisisyon]], mga [[Muslim]] na nilipol ng mga nag-krusadang Katoliko at halos lahat ng taong dumanas sa ilalim ng Simbahang Romano Katoliko sa paglipas ng panahon.<ref name = "Stourton1">{{cite book |last1=Stourton |first1=Edward |authorlink1=Edward Stourton (journalist)|title=John Paul II: Man of History |year=2006 |url=https://archive.org/details/johnpauliimanofh0000stou |accessdate=2009-01-06 |publisher=[[copyright|©]] 2006 Hodder & Stoughton |location=[[London]] |isbn=0-340-90816-5 |page=[https://archive.org/details/johnpauliimanofh0000stou/page/1 1]}}</ref> Ang higit sa 100 mga paghingi ng tawad ng papa at mga taon ng paghingi ng tawad ay kinabibilangan ng:<ref name="PopeApologises">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1671540.stm |title=BBC News Europe - Pope Sends His First E-Mail - An Apology |first=|last=BBC News Europe |work=[[BBC News]] |date=23 Nobyembre 2001|publisher=[[British Broadcasting Corporation|BBC]] |location=[[London, England|London]]|quote=from a laptop in the Vatican's frescoed Clementine Hall the 81-year-old pontiff transmitted the message, his first 'virtual' apology.|accessdate=30 Enero 2012}}</ref> *Ang panankop sa [[MesoAmerika]] ng Espanya sa ngalan ng Simbahang Romano Katoliko. *Ang [[Inkisisyon]] ng siyentipikong si [[Galileo Galilei]]. (1992) *Ang pakikilahok ng mga Katoliko sa [[kalakalan ng mga aliping Aprikano]] (1993). Noong maagang ika-13 siglo CE, ang opisyal na pagsuporta para sa [[pang-aalipin]] at pangangalakal ng alipin ay isinama sa [[Batas Kanon]] (Corpus Iuris Canonici) ni [[Papa Gregorio IX]],.<ref>Steven Epstein, ''Wage Labour & Guilds in Mediaeval Europe'' (1995), page 226</ref><ref>Ambe J. Njoh, ''Tradition, culture and development in Africa'' (2006), page 31</ref> Ang batas na Kanon ng Romano Katoliko ay nagbibigay ng apat na mga pamagat sa paghawak ng mga alipin: mga aliping nabihag sa digmaan, mga taong kinondena para sa pang-aalipin, mga taong nagbenta ng kanilang sarili sa pang-aalipin kabilang ang isang amang nagbenta ng kanyang anak na maging alipin at mga anak ng isang ina na isang alipin. Ang pang-aalipin ay itinakdang parusa ng mga Pangkalahatang Konseho, mga lokal na konseho ng simbahan at mga [[papa ng Simbahang Katoliko Romano]] noong 1179–1535 sa mga sumusunod: **Ang krimen ng pagtulong sa mga [[Saracen]] noong 1179-1450. **Ang krimen ng pagbebenta ng mga alipin sa mga Saracen noong 1425. Si [[Papa Martin V]] ay naglabas ng dalawang mga konstitusyon. Ang pagtatrapiko ng mga aliping Kristiyano ay hindi ipinagbawal ngunit ang pagbebenta lamang ng mga ito sa mga panginoong hindi Kristiyano. **Ang krimen ng brigandahe sa mga distritong mabundok ng [[Pyrenees]] noong 1179. **Hindi makatwirang agresyon o iba pang mga krimen noong 1309-1535. Ang parusa ng pagbihag at pang-aalipin para sa mga pamilyang Kristiyano o siyudad o estado ay ipinatupad ng ilang beses ng mga Papa. Ang mga sinentensiyahan ay kinabilangan ng mga [[Veneciano]] noong 1309.<ref>Maxwell p. 48-49</ref> Itinawalag ni [[Papa Gregorio XI]] ang mga [[Florentino]] at inutos ang mga itong alipinin kapag nabihag.<ref>''The Encyclopedia Americana''</ref> Ang mga [[bull ng papa]] gaya ng [[Dum Diversas]], [[Romanus Pontifex]] at mga hinango rito ay nagbasbas at pumayag sa pang-aalipin at ginamit upang pangatwiranan ang pang-aalipin ng mga [[katutubo]] at pagkakamit ng kanilang mga lupain sa panahong ito. *Ang papel ng Simbahang Katoliko sa pagpaslang sa pamamagitan ng [[pagsusunog sa poste|pagsusunog ng buhay sa poste]] laban sa mga [[erehe]] at sa pakikidigmang pang-[[relihiyon]] na sumunod sa [[Protestanteng Repormasyon]]. (1995) *Ang mga kawalang hustisya laban sa mga kababaihan, ang paglabag sa mga karapatan ng mga kababaihan at paninirang puri sa mga kababaihan. (1995) *Ang kawalang pagkilos at katahimikan ng maraming mga Katoliko noong [[Holocaust]] (1998). *Sa pagsunog ng buhay sa repormer na si [[Jan Hus]] noong 1415. (1999) *Sa mga kasalanan ng mga Katoliko sa paglipas ng mga panahon sa paglabag sa mga karapatan ng mga pangkat etniko at pagpapakita ng paglalapastangan sa mga [[relihiyon]] at kultura ng mga ito. (2000) *Sa mga kasalanan ng mga [[Ikaapat na Krusada|nagkrusada sa Constantinople]] noong 1204. (2001) *Sa mga [[pang-aabusong seksuwal ng mga paring Katoliko]]. (2001) *Sa mga sinuporthan ng Simbahang Katoliko na mga [[ninakaw na henerasyon]] ng mga batang [[Mga Aboriheng Awstralyano|aborihen]] sa Australia. (2001) *Sa Tsina, sa pag-aasal ng mga misyonaryong Katoliko sa mga panahong [[kolonyal]]. (2001) == Talababa == {{reflist|group=Note}} == Mga sanggunian == {{reflist|2}} ==Tingnan din== *[[Silangang Ortodokso]] {{Katolisismo}} {{Christianity footer}} [[Kategorya:Simbahang Katolika Romana| ]] igmxx1t3yxlrg4885av0ysas22vyp55 0 10224 2210268 2208238 2026-06-03T22:42:24Z ~2026-33073-41 162577 /* */ Updated 2210268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox legislature | background_color = firebrick | name = Senado ng Pilipinas | native_name = <small>''Senate of the Philippines''</small> | legislature = Ika-20 Kongreso ng Pilipinas | coa_pic = Seal of the Philippine Senate.svg | coa_caption = Sagisag ng Senado ng Pilipinas | logo_pic = Flag of the Senate President of the Philippines.svg{{!}}border | logo_caption =Watawat ng Senado ng Pilipinas | house_type = Mataas na Kapulungan | body = Kongreso ng Pilipinas | motto = ''Legis Servitae Pax Fiat''<br><small>(Pinaglilingkuran ng Batas ang Kapayapaan, Mangyari Nawa)</small> {{listen|embed=yes | filename = Senadong Marangal - Hymn of the Senate of the Philippines.mp3 | title = ''Senadong Marangal'' | description = <small>Awit ng Senado ng Pilipinas. Ang musikal na komposisyon ni Felipe de Leon Jr., ang liriko ng Pambansang Alagd ng Sining, [[Virgilio S. Almario]], <br> tinugtog ng [[Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra]] and inawit ni Bernadette Mamauag.</small> }} | term_limits = 2 magkakasunod na termino (12 taon) | foundation = {{Start date|1916|10|16}} | preceded_by = [[Komisyong Taft|Ikalawang Komisyon ng Pilipinas]] | leader1_type = [[Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas|Pangulo ng Senado]] | leader1 = Bakante (pinagtatalunan) | election1 = Hunyo 3, 2026 | leader2_type = [[Pangulong pro tempore ng Senado ng Pilipinas|Pangulong ''pro tempore'']] | leader2 = [[Sherwin Gatchalian]] | election2 = Hunyo 3, 2026 | leader3_type = [[Majority Floor Leader of the Senate of the Philippines|Pinuno ng Mayorya]] | leader3 = [[Juan Miguel Zubiri]] | election3 = Hunyo 3, 2026 | leader4_type = [[Minority Floor Leader of the Senate of the Philippines|Pinuno ng Minorya]] | leader4 = Bakante | election4 = Hunyo 3, 2026 | term_length = 6 na taon, maipapabago ng isang beses | authority = Article VI, [[Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas]] | members = 24 senators | structure1 = File:Philippine Senate composition.svg | structure1_res = 250px | political_groups1 = '''Mayorya (15)''' *{{Color box|{{party color|Nationalist People's Coalition}}|border=darkgray}} [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] (5) *{{Color box|{{party color|Nacionalista Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] (3) *{{Color box|{{party color|Akbayan}}|border=darkgray}} [[Akbayan]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino}}|border=darkgray}} [[Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino|KNP]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Lakas-CMD}}|border=darkgray}} [[Lakas–CMD|Lakas]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Liberal Party (Philippines)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Liberal Party (Philippines)|Liberal]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Independent}}|border=darkgray}} [[Independent politician|Independent]] (3) '''Minorya (9)''' *{{Color box|{{party color|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}|border=darkgray}} [[Partido Demokratiko Pilipino|PDP]] (3) *{{Color box|{{party color|Nacionalista Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Nationalist People's Coalition}}|border=darkgray}} [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino}}|border=darkgray}} [[Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino|PMP]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Independent}}|border=darkgray}} [[Malayang pulitiko|Malaya]] (3) | voting_system1 = [[Plurality block voting|Plurality-at-large voting]] | last_election1 = [[Pangkalahatang halalan sa Pilipinas, 2025|Mayo 12, 2025]] (12 upuan) | next_election1 = [[Pangkalahatang halalan sa Pilipinas, 2028|2028]] (12 upuan) | session_room = Philippine Senate Session Hall.jpg | meeting_place = [[GSIS Building]], Financial Center, [[Jose W. Diokno Boulevard]], [[Pasay]] | website = {{URL|senate.gov.ph}} | rules = [https://web.senate.gov.ph/rules%20of%20the%20senate-july%202025.pdf Rules of the Senate] (English) }} {{Politika ng Pilipinas}} Ang '''Senado ng Pilipinas''' ay ang mataas na kapulungan sa dalawang kamara ng [[tagapagbatas]] ng [[Pilipinas]], ang [[Kongreso ng Pilipinas]]. Hindi katulad ng [[Senado ng Estados Unidos]], binubuo ang Senado ng Pilipinas ng 24 mga senador na hindi kinakatawan ang kahit anong partikular na distritong pang-heograpiya. Nagsisilbi ang mga senador sa 6-taong termino, kasama ang kalahati ng mga senador na hinahalal sa bawat 3 taon. Sa ganitong paraan, isang katawang nagpapatuloy ang Senado. Nang mabalik ang Senado ng [[Saligang Batas ng 1987]], nahalal ang 24 mga senador noong 1987 at nagsilbi hanggang 1992. Noong 1992, ang mga [[kandidato]] nagkamit ng 12 pinakamataas na bilang ng mga boto ang naglingkod hanggang 1998, habang hanggang 1995 lamang ang sumunod na 12. Simula noon, nahahalal ang bawat senador sa buong termino na 6 na taon. Maliban sa mag-aaral at paggawa ng mga panukalang batas na ipapasa para lagdaan ng [[Pangulo ng Pilipinas|Pangulo]] upang maging ganap na batas, ang senado lamang ang kinatawan ng pamahalaan ng Pilipinas na maaaring magsabatas ng mga kasunduan sa ibang bansa, at makapaglitis ng mga kasong pagkakatuwalag. == Kasaysayan== [[File:Joint session of Philippine Legislature.jpg|thumb|''Joint session'' ng Lehislatura ng Pilipinas kabilang ang mga bagong halal na senado, Nobyembre 15, 1916]] Nag-ugat ang Senado sa [[Philippine Commission]] ng [[Pamahalaang Insular]]. Sa ilalim ng [[Philippine Organic Act]], mula 1907 hanggang 1916, ang [[Philippine Commission]] na pinamumunuan ng [[Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas]] ay nagsisilbing mataas na kapulungan ng [[Philippine Legislature]], at ang [[Philippine Assembly]] bilang mga halal na kinatawan ng mababang kapulungan. Kasabay nito, ang gobernador-heneral ang nagsisilbing sangay na tagapangulo. Noong Agosto 29, 1916, ipinasa ng [[Kongreso ng Estados Unidos]] ang [[Philippine Autonomy Act]] o higit na kilala bilang "Jones Law", na nagbuo sa [[Philippine Legislature]], na nahahati sa dalawang kapulungan, ang Senado bilang Mataas na kapulungan, at ang [[Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas|Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan]]. Nanatiling Tagapangulo ang Gobernador-Heneral ng Pamahalaang Insular. Nagpatuloy ito hanggang 1935, nang maipasa ng [[Kongreso ng Estados Unidos]] ang [[Philippine Independence Act]] o ang "Tydings–McDuffie Act", na nagbibigay karapatan sa mga Pilipino magbuo ng kanilang sariling saligang batas bilang paghahanda sa kanilang kasarinlan, kung saan itinatag nila ang isang unikameral na Pambansang Asambleya, na nagbuwag sa Senado. Bago pa man gamitin ang saligang batas ng 1935, may ilang mga susog na ang iminungkahi. Noong 1938, sinimulang kilalanin ng Pambansang Asambleya ang mga mungkahing ito, na kinabibilangan ng pagpapanatili ng Senado bilang mataas na kapulungan ng Kongreso. Ang susog ng saligang batas ng 1935 na gawing lehislaturang bikameral ay naipasa noong 1940 at isinigawa ang halalan para sa bagong mataas na kapulungan noong Nobyembre 1941. ==Komposisyon== [[File:Philippine Senate composition.png|thumb|left|200px|Resulta ng Halalan mula 1916 hanggang kasalukuyan.]] Ayon sa Artikulo VI, Seksyon 2 ng [[Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas|Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas ng 1987]], ang senado ay dapat buuin ng dalawampu’t apat na Senador na dapat ihalal sa kalahatan ng mga kwalipikadong botante ng Pilipinas, ayon sa maaaring itadhana ng batas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/ang-konstitusyon-ng-republika-ng-pilipinas-1987/ |access-date=2017-03-11 |archive-date=2016-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122083819/http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/ang-konstitusyon-ng-republika-ng-pilipinas-1987/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ang komposisyon ng Senado ay higit na maliit kung ihahambing sa [[Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas]]. Ang mga kasapi ng kapulungan na ito ay halal ng kalahatan ng mga kwalipikadng botante. Ang makatwirang paliwanag dito ay upang gawin ang senado bilang sanayan para maging pambansang tagapamuno o maging [[Pangulo ng Pilipinas]]. Pinipili ang mga kandidatong senador ng mga pinuno ng mga pangunahing partidong politikal o mga koalisyon ng mga partido. Ang proseo sa pagpili ay hindi malinaw at isinasagawa ng pribado. Kaya ang kawalan ng rehiyunal na pagkatawan sa Senado ay nagpapalala sa sistema ng pamamahala, na ang halos lahat ng kapangyarihan ay nagmumula sa Kalakhang Maynila. Madalas iminumungkahi na ang bawat rehiyon ng bansa ay dapat maghalat ng kani-kaniyang mga senador, upang magkaroon ng wastong pagkatawan ang mga tao. ==Kwalipikasyon== Nakasaad sa Artikulo VI, Seksiyon 3, ng saligang batas ng 1987 ang mga kwalipikasyon upang maging isang senador sa Pilipinas: * Hindi dapat maging senador ang sino mang tao matangi kung siya ay katutubong inaanak na mamamayan ng Pilipinas, at, sa araw ng halalan, tatlumpu’t limang taong gulang man lamang, nakababasa at nakasusulat, rehistradong botante, at naninirahan sa Pilipinas sa loob ng panahong hindi kukulangin sa dalawang taon kagyat bago sumapit ang araw ng halalan. ==Kapangyarihan== Inihulma ang Senado ng Pilipinas sa Senado ng Estados Unidos; may dalawang kapulungan ng mga kinatawan, na may halos pantay na kapangyarihan, at bawat panukalang batas o resolusyon na dadaan sa parehong kapulungan ay kinakailangan na may pahintulot sa parehong kapulungan bago ito maipasa upang lagdaan ng pangulo. Kapag hindi naipasa ang panukalang batas sa Senado, hindi na ito magiging ganap na batas. Kapag ang panukalang batas ay pinagtibay ng senado sa ikatlong basa, ang panukalang batas ay ipapasa sa mababang kapulungan, maliban na lamang kung mayroong itong kahalintulad na batas sa mababang kapulungan. Kapag ang kahalintulad na panukalang batas sa mababang kapulungan ay iba sa naipasa ng senado, maaaring magkaroon ng bikameral na pagpupulong na binubuo ng mga kasapi ng dalawang kapulungan upang pagtugmain ang pagkakaiba ng panukalang batas, o maaari rin na alin man sa kapulungan ang pagtibayin ang kahalintulad na panukala ng kabilang kapulungan. ==Kasalukuyang mga kasapi== {|width=40% class=wikitable style="text-align:center;" |- !rowspan=2 width=1px| !rowspan=2|[[List of Senators of the Philippines|Senador]] !rowspan=2|[[List of political parties in the Philippines|Partido]] !colspan=3|Mga Panunungkulan |- !Bilang !Simula !Dulo |- | {{party color cell|Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}} | align="left" | [[Sonny Angara]] | [[Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino|LDP]] | 2 | rowspan="12" | Hunyo 30, 2019 | rowspan="12" | Hunyo 30, 2025 |- | {{party color cell|United Nationalist Alliance}} | align="left" | [[Nancy Binay]] | [[United Nationalist Alliance|UNA]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} | align="left" | [[Pia Cayetano]] | [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} | align="left" | [[Ronald dela Rosa]] | [[PDP–Laban]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} | align="left" | [[Bong Go]] | [[PDP–Laban]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} | align="left" | [[Lito Lapid]] | [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} | align="left" | [[Imee Marcos]] | [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} | align="left" | [[Koko Pimentel]] | [[PDP–Laban]] | 3 |- | {{party color cell|Independent}} | align="left" | [[Grace Poe]] | [[Independent politician#Philippines|Independent]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Lakas-CMD}} | align="left"| [[Bong Revilla]] | [[Lakas–CMD]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} | align="left" | [[Francis Tolentino]] | [[PDP–Laban]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} | align="left" | [[Cynthia Villar]] | [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Independent}} | align="left" | [[Alan Peter Cayetano]] | [[Independent politician#Philippines|Independent]] |1 | rowspan="12" | Hunyo 30, 2022 | rowspan="12" | Hunyo 30, 2028 |- | {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} | align="left" | [[JV Ejercito]] | [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} | align="left" | [[Francis Escudero]] | [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|PMP}} | align="left" | [[Jinggoy Estrada]] | [[Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino|PMP]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} | align="left" | [[Win Gatchalian]] | [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Akbayan}} | align="left" | [[Risa Hontiveros]] | [[Akbayan]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} | align="left" | [[Loren Legarda]] | [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} | align="left" | [[Robin Padilla]] | [[PDP–Laban]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Independent}} | align="left" | [[Raffy Tulfo]] | [[Independent politician#Philippines|Independent]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Independent}} | align="left" | [[Joel Villanueva]] | [[Independent politician#Philippines|Independent]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} | align="left" | [[Mark Villar]] | [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Independent}} | align="left" | [[Migz Zubiri]] | [[Independent politician#Philippines|Independent]] | 2 |- |} ===Partido komposisyon=== {|class=wikitable style="text-align:right" |- !colspan=2|Party !! Total !! % |- {{Party name with colour|Nacionalista Party}} || 5 || 21% |- {{Party name with colour|United Nationalist Alliance}} || 5 || 21% |- {{Party name with colour|Liberal Party (Philippines)}} || 4 || 17% |- {{Party name with colour|Lakas-CMD}} || 2 || 8% |- {{Party name with colour|Nationalist People's Coalition}} || 2 || 8% |- {{Party name with colour|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} || 1 || 4% |- {{party name with colour|Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino|LDP}} || 1 || 4% |- {{Party name with colour|People's Reform Party}} || 1 || 4% |- {{Party name with colour|Independent (politician)}} || 3 || 13% |- !colspan=2|Total !! 24 !! 100% |} ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} ==Tingnan din== *[[Politika ng Pilipinas]] *[[Mga pinuno ng Floor sa Senado ng Pilipinas]] *[[Pro-Tempore ng Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas]] *[[Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas]] *[[Pinuno ng Mayorya sa Senado ng Pilipinas]] *[[Pinuno ng Minorya sa Senado ng Pilipinas]] {{National upper houses}} [[Kategorya:Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas]] [[Kategorya:Tagapagbatas ng Pilipinas]] [[Kategorya:Politika ng Pilipinas]] [[Kategorya:Senado ng Pilipinas]] [[Kategorya:Mga pambansang mataas na kapulungan]] {{pilipinas-stub}} qy0li30g5j2gsvzpu2ns4tmll35gdns 2210270 2210268 2026-06-03T22:49:52Z ~2026-33073-41 162577 /* */ 2210270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox legislature | background_color = firebrick | name = Senado ng Pilipinas | native_name = <small>''Senate of the Philippines''</small> | legislature = Ika-20 Kongreso ng Pilipinas | coa_pic = Seal of the Philippine Senate.svg | coa_caption = Sagisag ng Senado ng Pilipinas | logo_pic = Flag of the Senate President of the Philippines.svg{{!}}border | logo_caption =Watawat ng Senado ng Pilipinas | house_type = Mataas na Kapulungan | body = Kongreso ng Pilipinas | motto = ''Legis Servitae Pax Fiat''<br><small>(Pinaglilingkuran ng Batas ang Kapayapaan, Mangyari Nawa)</small> {{listen|embed=yes | filename = Senadong Marangal - Hymn of the Senate of the Philippines.mp3 | title = ''Senadong Marangal'' | description = <small>Awit ng Senado ng Pilipinas. Ang musikal na komposisyon ni Felipe de Leon Jr., ang liriko ng Pambansang Alagd ng Sining, [[Virgilio S. Almario]], <br> tinugtog ng [[Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra]] and inawit ni Bernadette Mamauag.</small> }} | term_limits = 2 magkakasunod na termino (12 taon) | foundation = {{Start date|1916|10|16}} | preceded_by = [[Komisyong Taft|Ikalawang Komisyon ng Pilipinas]] | leader1_type = [[Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas|Pangulo ng Senado]] | leader1 = De facto: Bakante<br>De Jure: Pinagtatalunan | election1 = Hunyo 3, 2026 | leader2_type = [[Pangulong pro tempore ng Senado ng Pilipinas|Pangulong ''pro tempore'']] | leader2 = [[Sherwin Gatchalian]] | election2 = Hunyo 3, 2026 | leader3_type = [[Majority Floor Leader of the Senate of the Philippines|Pinuno ng Mayorya]] | leader3 = [[Juan Miguel Zubiri]] | election3 = Hunyo 3, 2026 | leader4_type = [[Minority Floor Leader of the Senate of the Philippines|Pinuno ng Minorya]] | leader4 = Bakante | election4 = Hunyo 3, 2026 | term_length = 6 na taon, maipapabago ng isang beses | authority = Article VI, [[Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas]] | members = 24 senators | structure1 = File:Philippine Senate composition.svg | structure1_res = 250px | political_groups1 = '''Mayorya (15)''' *{{Color box|{{party color|Nationalist People's Coalition}}|border=darkgray}} [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] (5) *{{Color box|{{party color|Nacionalista Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] (3) *{{Color box|{{party color|Akbayan}}|border=darkgray}} [[Akbayan]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino}}|border=darkgray}} [[Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino|KNP]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Lakas-CMD}}|border=darkgray}} [[Lakas–CMD|Lakas]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Liberal Party (Philippines)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Liberal Party (Philippines)|Liberal]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Independent}}|border=darkgray}} [[Independent politician|Independent]] (3) '''Minorya (9)''' *{{Color box|{{party color|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}|border=darkgray}} [[Partido Demokratiko Pilipino|PDP]] (3) *{{Color box|{{party color|Nacionalista Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Nationalist People's Coalition}}|border=darkgray}} [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino}}|border=darkgray}} [[Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino|PMP]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Independent}}|border=darkgray}} [[Malayang pulitiko|Malaya]] (3) | voting_system1 = [[Plurality block voting|Plurality-at-large voting]] | last_election1 = [[Pangkalahatang halalan sa Pilipinas, 2025|Mayo 12, 2025]] (12 upuan) | next_election1 = [[Pangkalahatang halalan sa Pilipinas, 2028|2028]] (12 upuan) | session_room = Philippine Senate Session Hall.jpg | meeting_place = [[GSIS Building]], Financial Center, [[Jose W. Diokno Boulevard]], [[Pasay]] | website = {{URL|senate.gov.ph}} | rules = [https://web.senate.gov.ph/rules%20of%20the%20senate-july%202025.pdf Rules of the Senate] (English) }} {{Politika ng Pilipinas}} Ang '''Senado ng Pilipinas''' ay ang mataas na kapulungan sa dalawang kamara ng [[tagapagbatas]] ng [[Pilipinas]], ang [[Kongreso ng Pilipinas]]. Hindi katulad ng [[Senado ng Estados Unidos]], binubuo ang Senado ng Pilipinas ng 24 mga senador na hindi kinakatawan ang kahit anong partikular na distritong pang-heograpiya. Nagsisilbi ang mga senador sa 6-taong termino, kasama ang kalahati ng mga senador na hinahalal sa bawat 3 taon. Sa ganitong paraan, isang katawang nagpapatuloy ang Senado. Nang mabalik ang Senado ng [[Saligang Batas ng 1987]], nahalal ang 24 mga senador noong 1987 at nagsilbi hanggang 1992. Noong 1992, ang mga [[kandidato]] nagkamit ng 12 pinakamataas na bilang ng mga boto ang naglingkod hanggang 1998, habang hanggang 1995 lamang ang sumunod na 12. Simula noon, nahahalal ang bawat senador sa buong termino na 6 na taon. Maliban sa mag-aaral at paggawa ng mga panukalang batas na ipapasa para lagdaan ng [[Pangulo ng Pilipinas|Pangulo]] upang maging ganap na batas, ang senado lamang ang kinatawan ng pamahalaan ng Pilipinas na maaaring magsabatas ng mga kasunduan sa ibang bansa, at makapaglitis ng mga kasong pagkakatuwalag. == Kasaysayan== [[File:Joint session of Philippine Legislature.jpg|thumb|''Joint session'' ng Lehislatura ng Pilipinas kabilang ang mga bagong halal na senado, Nobyembre 15, 1916]] Nag-ugat ang Senado sa [[Philippine Commission]] ng [[Pamahalaang Insular]]. Sa ilalim ng [[Philippine Organic Act]], mula 1907 hanggang 1916, ang [[Philippine Commission]] na pinamumunuan ng [[Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas]] ay nagsisilbing mataas na kapulungan ng [[Philippine Legislature]], at ang [[Philippine Assembly]] bilang mga halal na kinatawan ng mababang kapulungan. Kasabay nito, ang gobernador-heneral ang nagsisilbing sangay na tagapangulo. Noong Agosto 29, 1916, ipinasa ng [[Kongreso ng Estados Unidos]] ang [[Philippine Autonomy Act]] o higit na kilala bilang "Jones Law", na nagbuo sa [[Philippine Legislature]], na nahahati sa dalawang kapulungan, ang Senado bilang Mataas na kapulungan, at ang [[Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas|Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan]]. Nanatiling Tagapangulo ang Gobernador-Heneral ng Pamahalaang Insular. Nagpatuloy ito hanggang 1935, nang maipasa ng [[Kongreso ng Estados Unidos]] ang [[Philippine Independence Act]] o ang "Tydings–McDuffie Act", na nagbibigay karapatan sa mga Pilipino magbuo ng kanilang sariling saligang batas bilang paghahanda sa kanilang kasarinlan, kung saan itinatag nila ang isang unikameral na Pambansang Asambleya, na nagbuwag sa Senado. Bago pa man gamitin ang saligang batas ng 1935, may ilang mga susog na ang iminungkahi. Noong 1938, sinimulang kilalanin ng Pambansang Asambleya ang mga mungkahing ito, na kinabibilangan ng pagpapanatili ng Senado bilang mataas na kapulungan ng Kongreso. Ang susog ng saligang batas ng 1935 na gawing lehislaturang bikameral ay naipasa noong 1940 at isinigawa ang halalan para sa bagong mataas na kapulungan noong Nobyembre 1941. ==Komposisyon== [[File:Philippine Senate composition.png|thumb|left|200px|Resulta ng Halalan mula 1916 hanggang kasalukuyan.]] Ayon sa Artikulo VI, Seksyon 2 ng [[Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas|Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas ng 1987]], ang senado ay dapat buuin ng dalawampu’t apat na Senador na dapat ihalal sa kalahatan ng mga kwalipikadong botante ng Pilipinas, ayon sa maaaring itadhana ng batas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/ang-konstitusyon-ng-republika-ng-pilipinas-1987/ |access-date=2017-03-11 |archive-date=2016-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122083819/http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/ang-konstitusyon-ng-republika-ng-pilipinas-1987/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ang komposisyon ng Senado ay higit na maliit kung ihahambing sa [[Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas]]. Ang mga kasapi ng kapulungan na ito ay halal ng kalahatan ng mga kwalipikadng botante. Ang makatwirang paliwanag dito ay upang gawin ang senado bilang sanayan para maging pambansang tagapamuno o maging [[Pangulo ng Pilipinas]]. Pinipili ang mga kandidatong senador ng mga pinuno ng mga pangunahing partidong politikal o mga koalisyon ng mga partido. Ang proseo sa pagpili ay hindi malinaw at isinasagawa ng pribado. Kaya ang kawalan ng rehiyunal na pagkatawan sa Senado ay nagpapalala sa sistema ng pamamahala, na ang halos lahat ng kapangyarihan ay nagmumula sa Kalakhang Maynila. Madalas iminumungkahi na ang bawat rehiyon ng bansa ay dapat maghalat ng kani-kaniyang mga senador, upang magkaroon ng wastong pagkatawan ang mga tao. ==Kwalipikasyon== Nakasaad sa Artikulo VI, Seksiyon 3, ng saligang batas ng 1987 ang mga kwalipikasyon upang maging isang senador sa Pilipinas: * Hindi dapat maging senador ang sino mang tao matangi kung siya ay katutubong inaanak na mamamayan ng Pilipinas, at, sa araw ng halalan, tatlumpu’t limang taong gulang man lamang, nakababasa at nakasusulat, rehistradong botante, at naninirahan sa Pilipinas sa loob ng panahong hindi kukulangin sa dalawang taon kagyat bago sumapit ang araw ng halalan. ==Kapangyarihan== Inihulma ang Senado ng Pilipinas sa Senado ng Estados Unidos; may dalawang kapulungan ng mga kinatawan, na may halos pantay na kapangyarihan, at bawat panukalang batas o resolusyon na dadaan sa parehong kapulungan ay kinakailangan na may pahintulot sa parehong kapulungan bago ito maipasa upang lagdaan ng pangulo. Kapag hindi naipasa ang panukalang batas sa Senado, hindi na ito magiging ganap na batas. Kapag ang panukalang batas ay pinagtibay ng senado sa ikatlong basa, ang panukalang batas ay ipapasa sa mababang kapulungan, maliban na lamang kung mayroong itong kahalintulad na batas sa mababang kapulungan. Kapag ang kahalintulad na panukalang batas sa mababang kapulungan ay iba sa naipasa ng senado, maaaring magkaroon ng bikameral na pagpupulong na binubuo ng mga kasapi ng dalawang kapulungan upang pagtugmain ang pagkakaiba ng panukalang batas, o maaari rin na alin man sa kapulungan ang pagtibayin ang kahalintulad na panukala ng kabilang kapulungan. ==Kasalukuyang mga kasapi== {|width=40% class=wikitable style="text-align:center;" |- !rowspan=2 width=1px| !rowspan=2|[[List of Senators of the Philippines|Senador]] !rowspan=2|[[List of political parties in the Philippines|Partido]] !colspan=3|Mga Panunungkulan |- !Bilang !Simula !Dulo |- | {{party color cell|Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}} | align="left" | [[Sonny Angara]] | [[Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino|LDP]] | 2 | rowspan="12" | Hunyo 30, 2019 | rowspan="12" | Hunyo 30, 2025 |- | {{party color cell|United Nationalist Alliance}} | align="left" | [[Nancy Binay]] | [[United Nationalist Alliance|UNA]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} | align="left" | [[Pia Cayetano]] | [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} | align="left" | [[Ronald dela Rosa]] | [[PDP–Laban]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} | align="left" | [[Bong Go]] | [[PDP–Laban]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} | align="left" | [[Lito Lapid]] | [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} | align="left" | [[Imee Marcos]] | [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} | align="left" | [[Koko Pimentel]] | [[PDP–Laban]] | 3 |- | {{party color cell|Independent}} | align="left" | [[Grace Poe]] | [[Independent politician#Philippines|Independent]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Lakas-CMD}} | align="left"| [[Bong Revilla]] | [[Lakas–CMD]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} | align="left" | [[Francis Tolentino]] | [[PDP–Laban]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} | align="left" | [[Cynthia Villar]] | [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Independent}} | align="left" | [[Alan Peter Cayetano]] | [[Independent politician#Philippines|Independent]] |1 | rowspan="12" | Hunyo 30, 2022 | rowspan="12" | Hunyo 30, 2028 |- | {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} | align="left" | [[JV Ejercito]] | [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} | align="left" | [[Francis Escudero]] | [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|PMP}} | align="left" | [[Jinggoy Estrada]] | [[Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino|PMP]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} | align="left" | [[Win Gatchalian]] | [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Akbayan}} | align="left" | [[Risa Hontiveros]] | [[Akbayan]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} | align="left" | [[Loren Legarda]] | [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} | align="left" | [[Robin Padilla]] | [[PDP–Laban]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Independent}} | align="left" | [[Raffy Tulfo]] | [[Independent politician#Philippines|Independent]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Independent}} | align="left" | [[Joel Villanueva]] | [[Independent politician#Philippines|Independent]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} | align="left" | [[Mark Villar]] | [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Independent}} | align="left" | [[Migz Zubiri]] | [[Independent politician#Philippines|Independent]] | 2 |- |} ===Partido komposisyon=== {|class=wikitable style="text-align:right" |- !colspan=2|Party !! Total !! % |- {{Party name with colour|Nacionalista Party}} || 5 || 21% |- {{Party name with colour|United Nationalist Alliance}} || 5 || 21% |- {{Party name with colour|Liberal Party (Philippines)}} || 4 || 17% |- {{Party name with colour|Lakas-CMD}} || 2 || 8% |- {{Party name with colour|Nationalist People's Coalition}} || 2 || 8% |- {{Party name with colour|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} || 1 || 4% |- {{party name with colour|Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino|LDP}} || 1 || 4% |- {{Party name with colour|People's Reform Party}} || 1 || 4% |- {{Party name with colour|Independent (politician)}} || 3 || 13% |- !colspan=2|Total !! 24 !! 100% |} ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} ==Tingnan din== *[[Politika ng Pilipinas]] *[[Mga pinuno ng Floor sa Senado ng Pilipinas]] *[[Pro-Tempore ng Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas]] *[[Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas]] *[[Pinuno ng Mayorya sa Senado ng Pilipinas]] *[[Pinuno ng Minorya sa Senado ng Pilipinas]] {{National upper houses}} [[Kategorya:Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas]] [[Kategorya:Tagapagbatas ng Pilipinas]] [[Kategorya:Politika ng Pilipinas]] [[Kategorya:Senado ng Pilipinas]] [[Kategorya:Mga pambansang mataas na kapulungan]] {{pilipinas-stub}} 0pj01vd4xa7ehajqeok8yay64khyph3 2210271 2210270 2026-06-03T22:51:53Z ~2026-33073-41 162577 /* */ 2210271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox legislature | background_color = firebrick | name = Senado ng Pilipinas | native_name = <small>''Senate of the Philippines''</small> | legislature = Ika-20 Kongreso ng Pilipinas | coa_pic = Seal of the Philippine Senate.svg | coa_caption = Sagisag ng Senado ng Pilipinas | logo_pic = Flag of the Senate President of the Philippines.svg{{!}}border | logo_caption =Watawat ng Senado ng Pilipinas | house_type = Mataas na Kapulungan | body = Kongreso ng Pilipinas | motto = ''Legis Servitae Pax Fiat''<br><small>(Pinaglilingkuran ng Batas ang Kapayapaan, Mangyari Nawa)</small> {{listen|embed=yes | filename = Senadong Marangal - Hymn of the Senate of the Philippines.mp3 | title = ''Senadong Marangal'' | description = <small>Awit ng Senado ng Pilipinas. Ang musikal na komposisyon ni Felipe de Leon Jr., ang liriko ng Pambansang Alagd ng Sining, [[Virgilio S. Almario]], <br> tinugtog ng [[Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra]] and inawit ni Bernadette Mamauag.</small> }} | term_limits = 2 magkakasunod na termino (12 taon) | foundation = {{Start date|1916|10|16}} | preceded_by = [[Komisyong Taft|Ikalawang Komisyon ng Pilipinas]] | leader1_type = [[Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas|Pangulo ng Senado]] | leader1 = De Facto: Bakante<br>De Jure: Pinagtatalunan | election1 = Hunyo 3, 2026 | leader2_type = [[Pangulong pro tempore ng Senado ng Pilipinas|Pangulong ''pro tempore'']] | leader2 = [[Sherwin Gatchalian]] | election2 = Hunyo 3, 2026 | leader3_type = [[Majority Floor Leader of the Senate of the Philippines|Pinuno ng Mayorya]] | leader3 = [[Juan Miguel Zubiri]] | election3 = Hunyo 3, 2026 | leader4_type = [[Minority Floor Leader of the Senate of the Philippines|Pinuno ng Minorya]] | leader4 = Bakante | election4 = Hunyo 3, 2026 | term_length = 6 na taon, maipapabago ng isang beses | authority = Article VI, [[Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas]] | members = 24 senators | structure1 = File:Philippine Senate composition.svg | structure1_res = 250px | political_groups1 = '''Mayorya (15)''' *{{Color box|{{party color|Nationalist People's Coalition}}|border=darkgray}} [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] (5) *{{Color box|{{party color|Nacionalista Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] (3) *{{Color box|{{party color|Akbayan}}|border=darkgray}} [[Akbayan]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino}}|border=darkgray}} [[Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino|KNP]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Lakas-CMD}}|border=darkgray}} [[Lakas–CMD|Lakas]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Liberal Party (Philippines)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Liberal Party (Philippines)|Liberal]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Independent}}|border=darkgray}} [[Independent politician|Independent]] (3) '''Minorya (9)''' *{{Color box|{{party color|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}|border=darkgray}} [[Partido Demokratiko Pilipino|PDP]] (3) *{{Color box|{{party color|Nacionalista Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Nationalist People's Coalition}}|border=darkgray}} [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino}}|border=darkgray}} [[Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino|PMP]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Independent}}|border=darkgray}} [[Malayang pulitiko|Malaya]] (3) | voting_system1 = [[Plurality block voting|Plurality-at-large voting]] | last_election1 = [[Pangkalahatang halalan sa Pilipinas, 2025|Mayo 12, 2025]] (12 upuan) | next_election1 = [[Pangkalahatang halalan sa Pilipinas, 2028|2028]] (12 upuan) | session_room = Philippine Senate Session Hall.jpg | meeting_place = [[GSIS Building]], Financial Center, [[Jose W. Diokno Boulevard]], [[Pasay]] | website = {{URL|senate.gov.ph}} | rules = [https://web.senate.gov.ph/rules%20of%20the%20senate-july%202025.pdf Rules of the Senate] (English) }} {{Politika ng Pilipinas}} Ang '''Senado ng Pilipinas''' ay ang mataas na kapulungan sa dalawang kamara ng [[tagapagbatas]] ng [[Pilipinas]], ang [[Kongreso ng Pilipinas]]. Hindi katulad ng [[Senado ng Estados Unidos]], binubuo ang Senado ng Pilipinas ng 24 mga senador na hindi kinakatawan ang kahit anong partikular na distritong pang-heograpiya. Nagsisilbi ang mga senador sa 6-taong termino, kasama ang kalahati ng mga senador na hinahalal sa bawat 3 taon. Sa ganitong paraan, isang katawang nagpapatuloy ang Senado. Nang mabalik ang Senado ng [[Saligang Batas ng 1987]], nahalal ang 24 mga senador noong 1987 at nagsilbi hanggang 1992. Noong 1992, ang mga [[kandidato]] nagkamit ng 12 pinakamataas na bilang ng mga boto ang naglingkod hanggang 1998, habang hanggang 1995 lamang ang sumunod na 12. Simula noon, nahahalal ang bawat senador sa buong termino na 6 na taon. Maliban sa mag-aaral at paggawa ng mga panukalang batas na ipapasa para lagdaan ng [[Pangulo ng Pilipinas|Pangulo]] upang maging ganap na batas, ang senado lamang ang kinatawan ng pamahalaan ng Pilipinas na maaaring magsabatas ng mga kasunduan sa ibang bansa, at makapaglitis ng mga kasong pagkakatuwalag. == Kasaysayan== [[File:Joint session of Philippine Legislature.jpg|thumb|''Joint session'' ng Lehislatura ng Pilipinas kabilang ang mga bagong halal na senado, Nobyembre 15, 1916]] Nag-ugat ang Senado sa [[Philippine Commission]] ng [[Pamahalaang Insular]]. Sa ilalim ng [[Philippine Organic Act]], mula 1907 hanggang 1916, ang [[Philippine Commission]] na pinamumunuan ng [[Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas]] ay nagsisilbing mataas na kapulungan ng [[Philippine Legislature]], at ang [[Philippine Assembly]] bilang mga halal na kinatawan ng mababang kapulungan. Kasabay nito, ang gobernador-heneral ang nagsisilbing sangay na tagapangulo. Noong Agosto 29, 1916, ipinasa ng [[Kongreso ng Estados Unidos]] ang [[Philippine Autonomy Act]] o higit na kilala bilang "Jones Law", na nagbuo sa [[Philippine Legislature]], na nahahati sa dalawang kapulungan, ang Senado bilang Mataas na kapulungan, at ang [[Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas|Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan]]. Nanatiling Tagapangulo ang Gobernador-Heneral ng Pamahalaang Insular. Nagpatuloy ito hanggang 1935, nang maipasa ng [[Kongreso ng Estados Unidos]] ang [[Philippine Independence Act]] o ang "Tydings–McDuffie Act", na nagbibigay karapatan sa mga Pilipino magbuo ng kanilang sariling saligang batas bilang paghahanda sa kanilang kasarinlan, kung saan itinatag nila ang isang unikameral na Pambansang Asambleya, na nagbuwag sa Senado. Bago pa man gamitin ang saligang batas ng 1935, may ilang mga susog na ang iminungkahi. Noong 1938, sinimulang kilalanin ng Pambansang Asambleya ang mga mungkahing ito, na kinabibilangan ng pagpapanatili ng Senado bilang mataas na kapulungan ng Kongreso. Ang susog ng saligang batas ng 1935 na gawing lehislaturang bikameral ay naipasa noong 1940 at isinigawa ang halalan para sa bagong mataas na kapulungan noong Nobyembre 1941. ==Komposisyon== [[File:Philippine Senate composition.png|thumb|left|200px|Resulta ng Halalan mula 1916 hanggang kasalukuyan.]] Ayon sa Artikulo VI, Seksyon 2 ng [[Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas|Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas ng 1987]], ang senado ay dapat buuin ng dalawampu’t apat na Senador na dapat ihalal sa kalahatan ng mga kwalipikadong botante ng Pilipinas, ayon sa maaaring itadhana ng batas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/ang-konstitusyon-ng-republika-ng-pilipinas-1987/ |access-date=2017-03-11 |archive-date=2016-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122083819/http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/ang-konstitusyon-ng-republika-ng-pilipinas-1987/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ang komposisyon ng Senado ay higit na maliit kung ihahambing sa [[Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas]]. Ang mga kasapi ng kapulungan na ito ay halal ng kalahatan ng mga kwalipikadng botante. Ang makatwirang paliwanag dito ay upang gawin ang senado bilang sanayan para maging pambansang tagapamuno o maging [[Pangulo ng Pilipinas]]. Pinipili ang mga kandidatong senador ng mga pinuno ng mga pangunahing partidong politikal o mga koalisyon ng mga partido. Ang proseo sa pagpili ay hindi malinaw at isinasagawa ng pribado. Kaya ang kawalan ng rehiyunal na pagkatawan sa Senado ay nagpapalala sa sistema ng pamamahala, na ang halos lahat ng kapangyarihan ay nagmumula sa Kalakhang Maynila. Madalas iminumungkahi na ang bawat rehiyon ng bansa ay dapat maghalat ng kani-kaniyang mga senador, upang magkaroon ng wastong pagkatawan ang mga tao. ==Kwalipikasyon== Nakasaad sa Artikulo VI, Seksiyon 3, ng saligang batas ng 1987 ang mga kwalipikasyon upang maging isang senador sa Pilipinas: * Hindi dapat maging senador ang sino mang tao matangi kung siya ay katutubong inaanak na mamamayan ng Pilipinas, at, sa araw ng halalan, tatlumpu’t limang taong gulang man lamang, nakababasa at nakasusulat, rehistradong botante, at naninirahan sa Pilipinas sa loob ng panahong hindi kukulangin sa dalawang taon kagyat bago sumapit ang araw ng halalan. ==Kapangyarihan== Inihulma ang Senado ng Pilipinas sa Senado ng Estados Unidos; may dalawang kapulungan ng mga kinatawan, na may halos pantay na kapangyarihan, at bawat panukalang batas o resolusyon na dadaan sa parehong kapulungan ay kinakailangan na may pahintulot sa parehong kapulungan bago ito maipasa upang lagdaan ng pangulo. Kapag hindi naipasa ang panukalang batas sa Senado, hindi na ito magiging ganap na batas. Kapag ang panukalang batas ay pinagtibay ng senado sa ikatlong basa, ang panukalang batas ay ipapasa sa mababang kapulungan, maliban na lamang kung mayroong itong kahalintulad na batas sa mababang kapulungan. Kapag ang kahalintulad na panukalang batas sa mababang kapulungan ay iba sa naipasa ng senado, maaaring magkaroon ng bikameral na pagpupulong na binubuo ng mga kasapi ng dalawang kapulungan upang pagtugmain ang pagkakaiba ng panukalang batas, o maaari rin na alin man sa kapulungan ang pagtibayin ang kahalintulad na panukala ng kabilang kapulungan. ==Kasalukuyang mga kasapi== {|width=40% class=wikitable style="text-align:center;" |- !rowspan=2 width=1px| !rowspan=2|[[List of Senators of the Philippines|Senador]] !rowspan=2|[[List of political parties in the Philippines|Partido]] !colspan=3|Mga Panunungkulan |- !Bilang !Simula !Dulo |- | {{party color cell|Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}} | align="left" | [[Sonny Angara]] | [[Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino|LDP]] | 2 | rowspan="12" | Hunyo 30, 2019 | rowspan="12" | Hunyo 30, 2025 |- | {{party color cell|United Nationalist Alliance}} | align="left" | [[Nancy Binay]] | [[United Nationalist Alliance|UNA]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} | align="left" | [[Pia Cayetano]] | [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} | align="left" | [[Ronald dela Rosa]] | [[PDP–Laban]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} | align="left" | [[Bong Go]] | [[PDP–Laban]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} | align="left" | [[Lito Lapid]] | [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} | align="left" | [[Imee Marcos]] | [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} | align="left" | [[Koko Pimentel]] | [[PDP–Laban]] | 3 |- | {{party color cell|Independent}} | align="left" | [[Grace Poe]] | [[Independent politician#Philippines|Independent]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Lakas-CMD}} | align="left"| [[Bong Revilla]] | [[Lakas–CMD]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} | align="left" | [[Francis Tolentino]] | [[PDP–Laban]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} | align="left" | [[Cynthia Villar]] | [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Independent}} | align="left" | [[Alan Peter Cayetano]] | [[Independent politician#Philippines|Independent]] |1 | rowspan="12" | Hunyo 30, 2022 | rowspan="12" | Hunyo 30, 2028 |- | {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} | align="left" | [[JV Ejercito]] | [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} | align="left" | [[Francis Escudero]] | [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|PMP}} | align="left" | [[Jinggoy Estrada]] | [[Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino|PMP]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} | align="left" | [[Win Gatchalian]] | [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Akbayan}} | align="left" | [[Risa Hontiveros]] | [[Akbayan]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} | align="left" | [[Loren Legarda]] | [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} | align="left" | [[Robin Padilla]] | [[PDP–Laban]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Independent}} | align="left" | [[Raffy Tulfo]] | [[Independent politician#Philippines|Independent]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Independent}} | align="left" | [[Joel Villanueva]] | [[Independent politician#Philippines|Independent]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} | align="left" | [[Mark Villar]] | [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Independent}} | align="left" | [[Migz Zubiri]] | [[Independent politician#Philippines|Independent]] | 2 |- |} ===Partido komposisyon=== {|class=wikitable style="text-align:right" |- !colspan=2|Party !! Total !! % |- {{Party name with colour|Nacionalista Party}} || 5 || 21% |- {{Party name with colour|United Nationalist Alliance}} || 5 || 21% |- {{Party name with colour|Liberal Party (Philippines)}} || 4 || 17% |- {{Party name with colour|Lakas-CMD}} || 2 || 8% |- {{Party name with colour|Nationalist People's Coalition}} || 2 || 8% |- {{Party name with colour|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} || 1 || 4% |- {{party name with colour|Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino|LDP}} || 1 || 4% |- {{Party name with colour|People's Reform Party}} || 1 || 4% |- {{Party name with colour|Independent (politician)}} || 3 || 13% |- !colspan=2|Total !! 24 !! 100% |} ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} ==Tingnan din== *[[Politika ng Pilipinas]] *[[Mga pinuno ng Floor sa Senado ng Pilipinas]] *[[Pro-Tempore ng Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas]] *[[Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas]] *[[Pinuno ng Mayorya sa Senado ng Pilipinas]] *[[Pinuno ng Minorya sa Senado ng Pilipinas]] {{National upper houses}} [[Kategorya:Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas]] [[Kategorya:Tagapagbatas ng Pilipinas]] [[Kategorya:Politika ng Pilipinas]] [[Kategorya:Senado ng Pilipinas]] [[Kategorya:Mga pambansang mataas na kapulungan]] {{pilipinas-stub}} cb5dlhr4jpz9a0ttm2i7sgs4y29wgn1 2210272 2210271 2026-06-03T22:54:18Z ~2026-33073-41 162577 /* */ Updated 2210272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox legislature | background_color = firebrick | name = Senado ng Pilipinas | native_name = <small>''Senate of the Philippines''</small> | legislature = Ika-20 Kongreso ng Pilipinas | coa_pic = Seal of the Philippine Senate.svg | coa_caption = Sagisag ng Senado ng Pilipinas | logo_pic = Flag of the Senate President of the Philippines.svg{{!}}border | logo_caption =Watawat ng Senado ng Pilipinas | house_type = Mataas na Kapulungan | body = Kongreso ng Pilipinas | motto = ''Legis Servitae Pax Fiat''<br><small>(Pinaglilingkuran ng Batas ang Kapayapaan, Mangyari Nawa)</small> {{listen|embed=yes | filename = Senadong Marangal - Hymn of the Senate of the Philippines.mp3 | title = ''Senadong Marangal'' | description = <small>Awit ng Senado ng Pilipinas. Ang musikal na komposisyon ni Felipe de Leon Jr., ang liriko ng Pambansang Alagd ng Sining, [[Virgilio S. Almario]], <br> tinugtog ng [[Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra]] and inawit ni Bernadette Mamauag.</small> }} | term_limits = 2 magkakasunod na termino (12 taon) | foundation = {{Start date|1916|10|16}} | preceded_by = [[Komisyong Taft|Ikalawang Komisyon ng Pilipinas]] | leader1_type = [[Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas|Pangulo ng Senado]] | leader1 = [[De facto]]: Bakante<br>[[De jure]]: Pinagtatalunan | election1 = Hunyo 3, 2026 | leader2_type = [[Pangulong pro tempore ng Senado ng Pilipinas|Pangulong ''pro tempore'']] | leader2 = [[Sherwin Gatchalian]] | election2 = Hunyo 3, 2026 | leader3_type = [[Majority Floor Leader of the Senate of the Philippines|Pinuno ng Mayorya]] | leader3 = [[Juan Miguel Zubiri]] | election3 = Hunyo 3, 2026 | leader4_type = [[Minority Floor Leader of the Senate of the Philippines|Pinuno ng Minorya]] | leader4 = Bakante | election4 = Hunyo 3, 2026 | term_length = 6 na taon, maipapabago ng isang beses | authority = Article VI, [[Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas]] | members = 24 senators | structure1 = File:Philippine Senate composition.svg | structure1_res = 250px | political_groups1 = '''Mayorya (15)''' *{{Color box|{{party color|Nationalist People's Coalition}}|border=darkgray}} [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] (5) *{{Color box|{{party color|Nacionalista Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] (3) *{{Color box|{{party color|Akbayan}}|border=darkgray}} [[Akbayan]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino}}|border=darkgray}} [[Katipunan ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino|KNP]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Lakas-CMD}}|border=darkgray}} [[Lakas–CMD|Lakas]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Liberal Party (Philippines)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Liberal Party (Philippines)|Liberal]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Independent}}|border=darkgray}} [[Independent politician|Independent]] (3) '''Minorya (9)''' *{{Color box|{{party color|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}}|border=darkgray}} [[Partido Demokratiko Pilipino|PDP]] (3) *{{Color box|{{party color|Nacionalista Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Nationalist People's Coalition}}|border=darkgray}} [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino}}|border=darkgray}} [[Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino|PMP]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Independent}}|border=darkgray}} [[Malayang pulitiko|Malaya]] (3) | voting_system1 = [[Plurality block voting|Plurality-at-large voting]] | last_election1 = [[Pangkalahatang halalan sa Pilipinas, 2025|Mayo 12, 2025]] (12 upuan) | next_election1 = [[Pangkalahatang halalan sa Pilipinas, 2028|2028]] (12 upuan) | session_room = Philippine Senate Session Hall.jpg | meeting_place = [[GSIS Building]], Financial Center, [[Jose W. Diokno Boulevard]], [[Pasay]] | website = {{URL|senate.gov.ph}} | rules = [https://web.senate.gov.ph/rules%20of%20the%20senate-july%202025.pdf Rules of the Senate] (English) }} {{Politika ng Pilipinas}} Ang '''Senado ng Pilipinas''' ay ang mataas na kapulungan sa dalawang kamara ng [[tagapagbatas]] ng [[Pilipinas]], ang [[Kongreso ng Pilipinas]]. Hindi katulad ng [[Senado ng Estados Unidos]], binubuo ang Senado ng Pilipinas ng 24 mga senador na hindi kinakatawan ang kahit anong partikular na distritong pang-heograpiya. Nagsisilbi ang mga senador sa 6-taong termino, kasama ang kalahati ng mga senador na hinahalal sa bawat 3 taon. Sa ganitong paraan, isang katawang nagpapatuloy ang Senado. Nang mabalik ang Senado ng [[Saligang Batas ng 1987]], nahalal ang 24 mga senador noong 1987 at nagsilbi hanggang 1992. Noong 1992, ang mga [[kandidato]] nagkamit ng 12 pinakamataas na bilang ng mga boto ang naglingkod hanggang 1998, habang hanggang 1995 lamang ang sumunod na 12. Simula noon, nahahalal ang bawat senador sa buong termino na 6 na taon. Maliban sa mag-aaral at paggawa ng mga panukalang batas na ipapasa para lagdaan ng [[Pangulo ng Pilipinas|Pangulo]] upang maging ganap na batas, ang senado lamang ang kinatawan ng pamahalaan ng Pilipinas na maaaring magsabatas ng mga kasunduan sa ibang bansa, at makapaglitis ng mga kasong pagkakatuwalag. == Kasaysayan== [[File:Joint session of Philippine Legislature.jpg|thumb|''Joint session'' ng Lehislatura ng Pilipinas kabilang ang mga bagong halal na senado, Nobyembre 15, 1916]] Nag-ugat ang Senado sa [[Philippine Commission]] ng [[Pamahalaang Insular]]. Sa ilalim ng [[Philippine Organic Act]], mula 1907 hanggang 1916, ang [[Philippine Commission]] na pinamumunuan ng [[Gobernador-Heneral ng Pilipinas]] ay nagsisilbing mataas na kapulungan ng [[Philippine Legislature]], at ang [[Philippine Assembly]] bilang mga halal na kinatawan ng mababang kapulungan. Kasabay nito, ang gobernador-heneral ang nagsisilbing sangay na tagapangulo. Noong Agosto 29, 1916, ipinasa ng [[Kongreso ng Estados Unidos]] ang [[Philippine Autonomy Act]] o higit na kilala bilang "Jones Law", na nagbuo sa [[Philippine Legislature]], na nahahati sa dalawang kapulungan, ang Senado bilang Mataas na kapulungan, at ang [[Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas|Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan]]. Nanatiling Tagapangulo ang Gobernador-Heneral ng Pamahalaang Insular. Nagpatuloy ito hanggang 1935, nang maipasa ng [[Kongreso ng Estados Unidos]] ang [[Philippine Independence Act]] o ang "Tydings–McDuffie Act", na nagbibigay karapatan sa mga Pilipino magbuo ng kanilang sariling saligang batas bilang paghahanda sa kanilang kasarinlan, kung saan itinatag nila ang isang unikameral na Pambansang Asambleya, na nagbuwag sa Senado. Bago pa man gamitin ang saligang batas ng 1935, may ilang mga susog na ang iminungkahi. Noong 1938, sinimulang kilalanin ng Pambansang Asambleya ang mga mungkahing ito, na kinabibilangan ng pagpapanatili ng Senado bilang mataas na kapulungan ng Kongreso. Ang susog ng saligang batas ng 1935 na gawing lehislaturang bikameral ay naipasa noong 1940 at isinigawa ang halalan para sa bagong mataas na kapulungan noong Nobyembre 1941. ==Komposisyon== [[File:Philippine Senate composition.png|thumb|left|200px|Resulta ng Halalan mula 1916 hanggang kasalukuyan.]] Ayon sa Artikulo VI, Seksyon 2 ng [[Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas|Saligang Batas ng Pilipinas ng 1987]], ang senado ay dapat buuin ng dalawampu’t apat na Senador na dapat ihalal sa kalahatan ng mga kwalipikadong botante ng Pilipinas, ayon sa maaaring itadhana ng batas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/ang-konstitusyon-ng-republika-ng-pilipinas-1987/ |access-date=2017-03-11 |archive-date=2016-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161122083819/http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/ang-konstitusyon-ng-republika-ng-pilipinas-1987/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ang komposisyon ng Senado ay higit na maliit kung ihahambing sa [[Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Pilipinas]]. Ang mga kasapi ng kapulungan na ito ay halal ng kalahatan ng mga kwalipikadng botante. Ang makatwirang paliwanag dito ay upang gawin ang senado bilang sanayan para maging pambansang tagapamuno o maging [[Pangulo ng Pilipinas]]. Pinipili ang mga kandidatong senador ng mga pinuno ng mga pangunahing partidong politikal o mga koalisyon ng mga partido. Ang proseo sa pagpili ay hindi malinaw at isinasagawa ng pribado. Kaya ang kawalan ng rehiyunal na pagkatawan sa Senado ay nagpapalala sa sistema ng pamamahala, na ang halos lahat ng kapangyarihan ay nagmumula sa Kalakhang Maynila. Madalas iminumungkahi na ang bawat rehiyon ng bansa ay dapat maghalat ng kani-kaniyang mga senador, upang magkaroon ng wastong pagkatawan ang mga tao. ==Kwalipikasyon== Nakasaad sa Artikulo VI, Seksiyon 3, ng saligang batas ng 1987 ang mga kwalipikasyon upang maging isang senador sa Pilipinas: * Hindi dapat maging senador ang sino mang tao matangi kung siya ay katutubong inaanak na mamamayan ng Pilipinas, at, sa araw ng halalan, tatlumpu’t limang taong gulang man lamang, nakababasa at nakasusulat, rehistradong botante, at naninirahan sa Pilipinas sa loob ng panahong hindi kukulangin sa dalawang taon kagyat bago sumapit ang araw ng halalan. ==Kapangyarihan== Inihulma ang Senado ng Pilipinas sa Senado ng Estados Unidos; may dalawang kapulungan ng mga kinatawan, na may halos pantay na kapangyarihan, at bawat panukalang batas o resolusyon na dadaan sa parehong kapulungan ay kinakailangan na may pahintulot sa parehong kapulungan bago ito maipasa upang lagdaan ng pangulo. Kapag hindi naipasa ang panukalang batas sa Senado, hindi na ito magiging ganap na batas. Kapag ang panukalang batas ay pinagtibay ng senado sa ikatlong basa, ang panukalang batas ay ipapasa sa mababang kapulungan, maliban na lamang kung mayroong itong kahalintulad na batas sa mababang kapulungan. Kapag ang kahalintulad na panukalang batas sa mababang kapulungan ay iba sa naipasa ng senado, maaaring magkaroon ng bikameral na pagpupulong na binubuo ng mga kasapi ng dalawang kapulungan upang pagtugmain ang pagkakaiba ng panukalang batas, o maaari rin na alin man sa kapulungan ang pagtibayin ang kahalintulad na panukala ng kabilang kapulungan. ==Kasalukuyang mga kasapi== {|width=40% class=wikitable style="text-align:center;" |- !rowspan=2 width=1px| !rowspan=2|[[List of Senators of the Philippines|Senador]] !rowspan=2|[[List of political parties in the Philippines|Partido]] !colspan=3|Mga Panunungkulan |- !Bilang !Simula !Dulo |- | {{party color cell|Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino}} | align="left" | [[Sonny Angara]] | [[Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino|LDP]] | 2 | rowspan="12" | Hunyo 30, 2019 | rowspan="12" | Hunyo 30, 2025 |- | {{party color cell|United Nationalist Alliance}} | align="left" | [[Nancy Binay]] | [[United Nationalist Alliance|UNA]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} | align="left" | [[Pia Cayetano]] | [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} | align="left" | [[Ronald dela Rosa]] | [[PDP–Laban]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} | align="left" | [[Bong Go]] | [[PDP–Laban]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} | align="left" | [[Lito Lapid]] | [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} | align="left" | [[Imee Marcos]] | [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} | align="left" | [[Koko Pimentel]] | [[PDP–Laban]] | 3 |- | {{party color cell|Independent}} | align="left" | [[Grace Poe]] | [[Independent politician#Philippines|Independent]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Lakas-CMD}} | align="left"| [[Bong Revilla]] | [[Lakas–CMD]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} | align="left" | [[Francis Tolentino]] | [[PDP–Laban]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} | align="left" | [[Cynthia Villar]] | [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Independent}} | align="left" | [[Alan Peter Cayetano]] | [[Independent politician#Philippines|Independent]] |1 | rowspan="12" | Hunyo 30, 2022 | rowspan="12" | Hunyo 30, 2028 |- | {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} | align="left" | [[JV Ejercito]] | [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} | align="left" | [[Francis Escudero]] | [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|PMP}} | align="left" | [[Jinggoy Estrada]] | [[Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino|PMP]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} | align="left" | [[Win Gatchalian]] | [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Akbayan}} | align="left" | [[Risa Hontiveros]] | [[Akbayan]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Nationalist People's Coalition}} | align="left" | [[Loren Legarda]] | [[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} | align="left" | [[Robin Padilla]] | [[PDP–Laban]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Independent}} | align="left" | [[Raffy Tulfo]] | [[Independent politician#Philippines|Independent]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Independent}} | align="left" | [[Joel Villanueva]] | [[Independent politician#Philippines|Independent]] | 2 |- | {{party color cell|Nacionalista Party}} | align="left" | [[Mark Villar]] | [[Nacionalista Party|Nacionalista]] | 1 |- | {{party color cell|Independent}} | align="left" | [[Migz Zubiri]] | [[Independent politician#Philippines|Independent]] | 2 |- |} ===Partido komposisyon=== {|class=wikitable style="text-align:right" |- !colspan=2|Party !! Total !! % |- {{Party name with colour|Nacionalista Party}} || 5 || 21% |- {{Party name with colour|United Nationalist Alliance}} || 5 || 21% |- {{Party name with colour|Liberal Party (Philippines)}} || 4 || 17% |- {{Party name with colour|Lakas-CMD}} || 2 || 8% |- {{Party name with colour|Nationalist People's Coalition}} || 2 || 8% |- {{Party name with colour|Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan}} || 1 || 4% |- {{party name with colour|Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino|LDP}} || 1 || 4% |- {{Party name with colour|People's Reform Party}} || 1 || 4% |- {{Party name with colour|Independent (politician)}} || 3 || 13% |- !colspan=2|Total !! 24 !! 100% |} ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} ==Tingnan din== *[[Politika ng Pilipinas]] *[[Mga pinuno ng Floor sa Senado ng Pilipinas]] *[[Pro-Tempore ng Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas]] *[[Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas]] *[[Pinuno ng Mayorya sa Senado ng Pilipinas]] *[[Pinuno ng Minorya sa Senado ng Pilipinas]] {{National upper houses}} [[Kategorya:Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas]] [[Kategorya:Tagapagbatas ng Pilipinas]] [[Kategorya:Politika ng Pilipinas]] [[Kategorya:Senado ng Pilipinas]] [[Kategorya:Mga pambansang mataas na kapulungan]] {{pilipinas-stub}} opoclm6ew8fjrz1hrma06yisr18kpx0 0 20504 2210322 2208057 2026-06-04T07:36:23Z ~2026-33102-02 162592 /* Pangrehiyong Programa */ recategorized from Julius Santos III using AWB 2210322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{update||date=Nobyembre 2023}} {{For|dating palabas ng GMA Network|Tala ng mga dating palabas ng GMA Network}} Ang [[GMA Network|'''GMA Network''']] ('''Global Media Arts''' o simpleng '''GMA)''' ay isang pangunahing komersyal na telebisyon at network ng radyo sa Pilipinas na pagmamay-ari ng [[GMA Network (kompanya)|GMA Network Inc]]. Ang punong-himpilan nito ay sa [[GMA Network Center]], Diliman, Lungsod ng Quezon. Ang sumusunod ay isang listahan ng lahat ng mga kasalukuyang programa sa GMA mula nang simulan ang pagpapatakbo nito sa telebisyon noong 1961. ==Kasalukuyang Orihinal na Programa== ''Paalala: '' Ang mga pamagat ay nakalista sa alpabetikong pagkakasunud-sunod na sinusundan ng taon ng pasinaya sa panaklong. ===Balita=== * ''[[24 Oras]]'' {{small|(2004)}} * ''24 Oras Weekend'' {{small|(2010)}} * ''24 Oras News Alert'' {{small|(2020)}} * ''24 Oras Breaking News'' {{small|(2018)}} * ''[[Saksi]]'' {{small|(1995)}} * ''[[Unang Hirit]]'' {{small|(1999)}} ===Drama=== ;Primetime * ''Prinsesa Ng City Jail (2025)'' * ''Binibining Marikit (2025)'' * ''Lolong 2: Panginingil Ng Maynila (2025)'' * ''Mommy Dearest (2025)'' * ''Mga Batang Riles(2025)'' * ''Slay (2025)'' * ''Maka (2024)'' ;Sabado at Linggo * ''[[Wish Ko Lang!|Wish Ko Lang]]'' * ''Daig Kayo Ng Lola Ko'' * ''Regal Studio Presents'' * ''[[Magpakailanman]] {{small|(2002)}}'' * ''[[Tadhana]]'' {{small|(2017, sa produksyon ng GMA Public Affairs)}} to ===Pang-Aliw=== * ''[[It’s Showtime]]'' {{small|(2024, sa produksyon ng [[ABS-CBN|ABS-CBN Studios]])}} * ''[[All-Out Sundays]]'' {{small|(2020)}} * ''TiktoClock'' ===Palaro=== * ''Family Feud'' * ''The Voice Generations'' * ''The Clash'' ===Komedya=== * ''[[Bubble Gang]]'' {{small|(1995)}} * ''[[Daddy's Gurl|Open 24/7]]'' * ''[[Pepito Manaloto|Pepito Manaloto: Tuloy Ang Kwento]]'' ===Talakayan=== *''[[The Boobay and Tekla Show]]'' {{small|(2019)}} *''[[Mars Pa More|Fast Talk With Boy Abunda]]'' *''The 700 Club Asia'' * ''[[Sarap, 'Di Ba?]]'' * ''Cayetano in Action with Boy Abunda'' ===Dokumentaryo=== * * ''The Atom Araullo Specials'' * ''[[Born to Be Wild (seryeng pantelebisyon)|Born to Be Wild]]'' {{small|(2007)}} * ''[[Front Row (programang telebisyon)|Front Row]]'' {{small|(2014)}} * ''[[I-Witness]]'' {{small|(1999)}} * ''[[Imbestigador|Pinoy Crime Stories]]'' * ''[[Kapuso Mo, Jessica Soho]]'' {{small|(2004)}} * ''[[Reporter's Notebook]]'' {{small|(2004)}} ===Ugnayang Publiko=== * ''[[Kapwa Ko Mahal Ko]]'' {{small|(1975)}} * ''[[Wish Ko Lang!|Resibo: Walang Lusot Ang May Atraso]]'' ===Pangkaalaman=== * ''[[Amazing Earth]]'' {{small|(2018)}} * ''[[AHA!]]'' {{small|(2010)}} * ''[[iBilib]]'' {{small|(2012)}} * ''[[Pinoy M.D.]]'' * ''AgriPreneur'' * ''Pera Paraan'' * ''Turbo Zone'' * ''Healing Galing'' ===Relihiyon=== * ''The 700 Club Asia'' {{small|(1995, sa produksyon ng [[CBN Asia]])}} ===Pelikula at Espesyal na Presentasyon=== * ''GMA Blockbusters'' {{small|(2013)}} * ''GMA Regional TV Presents'' *''Kapuso Movie Festival'' {{small|(2006)}} * ==Kasalukuyang Banyagang Programa== ''Paalala:'' Ang mga pamagat ay nakalista sa alpabetikong pagkakasunud-sunod na sinusundan ng taon ng pasinaya sa panaklong. ===Drama=== *Her Private Life {{small|(2021)}} *Lie After Lie {{small|(2021)}} *Mako Mermaids {{small|(2021)}} *The Penthouse {{small|(2021)}} ===Animasyon=== *''[[Angry Birds Toons]]'' {{small|(2021)}} *''[[Hunter × Hunter|Hunter x Hunter]]'' {{small|(1999)}} *''[[Detective Conan]]'' {{small|(1999)}} *''[[One Piece]]'' {{small|(2020)}} *''[[Slam Dunk]]'' {{small|(2021)}} ===Usapan=== * ''[[In Touch with Charles Stanley]]'' {{small|(1994–2004, 2008–2014, 2015–2016, 2019)}} ==Pangrehiyong Programa== ''Paalala:'' Ang mga pamagat ay nakalista sa alpabetikong pagkakasunud-sunod na sinusundan ng taon ng pasinaya at rehiyon kung saan nagpapakita ang palabas sa panaklong. ===Balita=== * ''At Home With GMA Regional TV'' {{small|(2020; Davao, General Santos at Northern Mindanao)}} *''GMA Regional TV Early Edition'' {{small|(2020; Iloilo at Bacolod)}} *''GMA Regional TV Live!'' {{small|(2020; Cebu)}} *''Mornings with GMA Regional TV'' {{small|(2020; Dagupan, Ilocos at Bicol)}} *''[[Balitang Amianan]]'' {{small|(2008–2014, 2016; Dagupan at Ilocos)}} *''[[Balitang Bicolandia]]'' {{small|(2021; Bicol)}} *''[[Balitang Bisdak]]'' {{small|(1999–2014, 2016; Cebu)}} *''[[One Mindanao]]'' {{small|(2017; Mindanao)}} *''[[One Western Visayas]]'' {{small|(2018; Iloilo at Bacolod)}} ===Ugnayang publiko=== * ''[[Biyaheng DO30]]'' {{small|(Davao, General Santos, at Northern Mindanao; co-produced with Davao City Government)}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pageone.ph/gma-davao-rolls-out-byaheng-do30-with-mayor-inday-duterte/ |title=GMA Davao Rolls Out "Byaheng DO30" With Mayor Inday Duterte |publisher=Page One |date=Disyembre 14, 2016 |accessdate=Disyembre 15, 2016 |archive-date=2016-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223130741/http://pageone.ph/gma-davao-rolls-out-byaheng-do30-with-mayor-inday-duterte/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Mga Paparating na Programa== ''Paalala:'' Ang mga pamagat ay nakalista sa alpabetikong pagkakasunud-sunod na sinusundan ng taon ng pasinaya sa panaklong. ===Orihinal=== ;Drama *[[Encantadia (seryeng pantelebisyon ng 2016)|''Encantadia Chronicles: Sang’gre'']] *''Sireno'' *''A Lifetime With You'' *''For The Love of Kobe'' *''A Family Like Us'' *''A Mother'' 's ''Tale'' ===Banyagang Programa=== ;Animated *''Samurai Pizza Cats'' {{small|(1990)}} *''Yo-kai Watch Shadowside'' {{small|(2021)}} *[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_GMA_Network tps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_GMA_Network] *https://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/schedule?amp ==Mga Panlabas na Link== * [http://www.igma.tv/shows.php/ iGMA.tv offcial site] * [http://www.gmanetwork.com GMA Network's official website] * [http://www.gmanetwork.com/news GMA News and Public Affairs's official website] * [http://www.gmanetwork.com Official website] {{DEFAULTSORT:GMA Network, List Of Programs Broadcast By}} [[Kategorya:Palatuntunan ng GMA Network]] grauuwcgo8mzb6yim4z7wmp12cxs1fm 2210323 2210322 2026-06-04T07:37:10Z ~2026-33102-02 162592 /* Pangrehiyong Programa */ Fixed typo updated 2210323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{update||date=Nobyembre 2023}} {{For|dating palabas ng GMA Network|Tala ng mga dating palabas ng GMA Network}} Ang [[GMA Network|'''GMA Network''']] ('''Global Media Arts''' o simpleng '''GMA)''' ay isang pangunahing komersyal na telebisyon at network ng radyo sa Pilipinas na pagmamay-ari ng [[GMA Network (kompanya)|GMA Network Inc]]. Ang punong-himpilan nito ay sa [[GMA Network Center]], Diliman, Lungsod ng Quezon. Ang sumusunod ay isang listahan ng lahat ng mga kasalukuyang programa sa GMA mula nang simulan ang pagpapatakbo nito sa telebisyon noong 1961. ==Kasalukuyang Orihinal na Programa== ''Paalala: '' Ang mga pamagat ay nakalista sa alpabetikong pagkakasunud-sunod na sinusundan ng taon ng pasinaya sa panaklong. ===Balita=== * ''[[24 Oras]]'' {{small|(2004)}} * ''24 Oras Weekend'' {{small|(2010)}} * ''24 Oras News Alert'' {{small|(2020)}} * ''24 Oras Breaking News'' {{small|(2018)}} * ''[[Saksi]]'' {{small|(1995)}} * ''[[Unang Hirit]]'' {{small|(1999)}} ===Drama=== ;Primetime * ''Prinsesa Ng City Jail (2025)'' * ''Binibining Marikit (2025)'' * ''Lolong 2: Panginingil Ng Maynila (2025)'' * ''Mommy Dearest (2025)'' * ''Mga Batang Riles(2025)'' * ''Slay (2025)'' * ''Maka (2024)'' ;Sabado at Linggo * ''[[Wish Ko Lang!|Wish Ko Lang]]'' * ''Daig Kayo Ng Lola Ko'' * ''Regal Studio Presents'' * ''[[Magpakailanman]] {{small|(2002)}}'' * ''[[Tadhana]]'' {{small|(2017, sa produksyon ng GMA Public Affairs)}} to ===Pang-Aliw=== * ''[[It’s Showtime]]'' {{small|(2024, sa produksyon ng [[ABS-CBN|ABS-CBN Studios]])}} * ''[[All-Out Sundays]]'' {{small|(2020)}} * ''TiktoClock'' ===Palaro=== * ''Family Feud'' * ''The Voice Generations'' * ''The Clash'' ===Komedya=== * ''[[Bubble Gang]]'' {{small|(1995)}} * ''[[Daddy's Gurl|Open 24/7]]'' * ''[[Pepito Manaloto|Pepito Manaloto: Tuloy Ang Kwento]]'' ===Talakayan=== *''[[The Boobay and Tekla Show]]'' {{small|(2019)}} *''[[Mars Pa More|Fast Talk With Boy Abunda]]'' *''The 700 Club Asia'' * ''[[Sarap, 'Di Ba?]]'' * ''Cayetano in Action with Boy Abunda'' ===Dokumentaryo=== * * ''The Atom Araullo Specials'' * ''[[Born to Be Wild (seryeng pantelebisyon)|Born to Be Wild]]'' {{small|(2007)}} * ''[[Front Row (programang telebisyon)|Front Row]]'' {{small|(2014)}} * ''[[I-Witness]]'' {{small|(1999)}} * ''[[Imbestigador|Pinoy Crime Stories]]'' * ''[[Kapuso Mo, Jessica Soho]]'' {{small|(2004)}} * ''[[Reporter's Notebook]]'' {{small|(2004)}} ===Ugnayang Publiko=== * ''[[Kapwa Ko Mahal Ko]]'' {{small|(1975)}} * ''[[Wish Ko Lang!|Resibo: Walang Lusot Ang May Atraso]]'' ===Pangkaalaman=== * ''[[Amazing Earth]]'' {{small|(2018)}} * ''[[AHA!]]'' {{small|(2010)}} * ''[[iBilib]]'' {{small|(2012)}} * ''[[Pinoy M.D.]]'' * ''AgriPreneur'' * ''Pera Paraan'' * ''Turbo Zone'' * ''Healing Galing'' ===Relihiyon=== * ''The 700 Club Asia'' {{small|(1995, sa produksyon ng [[CBN Asia]])}} ===Pelikula at Espesyal na Presentasyon=== * ''GMA Blockbusters'' {{small|(2013)}} * ''GMA Regional TV Presents'' *''Kapuso Movie Festival'' {{small|(2006)}} * ==Kasalukuyang Banyagang Programa== ''Paalala:'' Ang mga pamagat ay nakalista sa alpabetikong pagkakasunud-sunod na sinusundan ng taon ng pasinaya sa panaklong. ===Drama=== *Her Private Life {{small|(2021)}} *Lie After Lie {{small|(2021)}} *Mako Mermaids {{small|(2021)}} *The Penthouse {{small|(2021)}} ===Animasyon=== *''[[Angry Birds Toons]]'' {{small|(2021)}} *''[[Hunter × Hunter|Hunter x Hunter]]'' {{small|(1999)}} *''[[Detective Conan]]'' {{small|(1999)}} *''[[One Piece]]'' {{small|(2020)}} *''[[Slam Dunk]]'' {{small|(2021)}} ===Usapan=== * ''[[In Touch with Charles Stanley]]'' {{small|(1994–2004, 2008–2014, 2015–2016, 2019)}} ==Pangrehiyong Programa== ''Paalala:'' Ang mga pamagat ay nakalista sa alpabetikong pagkakasunud-sunod na sinusundan ng taon ng pasinaya at rehiyon kung saan nagpapakita ang palabas sa panaklong. ===Balita=== * ''At Home with GMA Regional TV'' {{small|(2020; Davao, General Santos at Northern Mindanao)}} *''GMA Regional TV Early Edition'' {{small|(2020; Iloilo at Bacolod)}} *''GMA Regional TV Live!'' {{small|(2020; Cebu)}} *''Mornings with GMA Regional TV'' {{small|(2020; Dagupan, Ilocos at Bicol)}} *''[[Balitang Amianan]]'' {{small|(2008–2014, 2016; Dagupan at Ilocos)}} *''[[Balitang Bicolandia]]'' {{small|(2021; Bicol)}} *''[[Balitang Bisdak]]'' {{small|(1999–2014, 2016; Cebu)}} *''[[One Mindanao]]'' {{small|(2017; Mindanao)}} *''[[One Western Visayas]]'' {{small|(2018; Iloilo at Bacolod)}} ===Ugnayang publiko=== * ''[[Biyaheng DO30]]'' {{small|(Davao, General Santos, at Northern Mindanao; co-produced with Davao City Government)}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pageone.ph/gma-davao-rolls-out-byaheng-do30-with-mayor-inday-duterte/ |title=GMA Davao Rolls Out "Byaheng DO30" With Mayor Inday Duterte |publisher=Page One |date=Disyembre 14, 2016 |accessdate=Disyembre 15, 2016 |archive-date=2016-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223130741/http://pageone.ph/gma-davao-rolls-out-byaheng-do30-with-mayor-inday-duterte/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Mga Paparating na Programa== ''Paalala:'' Ang mga pamagat ay nakalista sa alpabetikong pagkakasunud-sunod na sinusundan ng taon ng pasinaya sa panaklong. ===Orihinal=== ;Drama *[[Encantadia (seryeng pantelebisyon ng 2016)|''Encantadia Chronicles: Sang’gre'']] *''Sireno'' *''A Lifetime With You'' *''For The Love of Kobe'' *''A Family Like Us'' *''A Mother'' 's ''Tale'' ===Banyagang Programa=== ;Animated *''Samurai Pizza Cats'' {{small|(1990)}} *''Yo-kai Watch Shadowside'' {{small|(2021)}} *[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_GMA_Network tps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_GMA_Network] *https://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/schedule?amp ==Mga Panlabas na Link== * [http://www.igma.tv/shows.php/ iGMA.tv offcial site] * [http://www.gmanetwork.com GMA Network's official website] * [http://www.gmanetwork.com/news GMA News and Public Affairs's official website] * [http://www.gmanetwork.com Official website] {{DEFAULTSORT:GMA Network, List Of Programs Broadcast By}} [[Kategorya:Palatuntunan ng GMA Network]] i46yc4l8pc7y5ueljs6r45oz9sot4u2 2210324 2210323 2026-06-04T07:44:12Z ~2026-33102-02 162592 /* Kasalukuyang Orihinal na Programa */ Change subcategory for Julius Santos III 2210324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{update||date=Nobyembre 2023}} {{For|dating palabas ng GMA Network|Tala ng mga dating palabas ng GMA Network}} Ang [[GMA Network|'''GMA Network''']] ('''Global Media Arts''' o simpleng '''GMA)''' ay isang pangunahing komersyal na telebisyon at network ng radyo sa Pilipinas na pagmamay-ari ng [[GMA Network (kompanya)|GMA Network Inc]]. Ang punong-himpilan nito ay sa [[GMA Network Center]], Diliman, Lungsod ng Quezon. Ang sumusunod ay isang listahan ng lahat ng mga kasalukuyang programa sa GMA mula nang simulan ang pagpapatakbo nito sa telebisyon noong 1961. ==Kasalukuyang Orihinal na Programa== ''Paalala: '' Ang mga pamagat ay nakalista sa alpabetikong pagkakasunud-sunod na sinusundan ng taon ng pasinaya sa panaklong. ===Balita=== * ''[[24 Oras]]'' {{small|(2004)}} * ''24 Oras Weekend'' {{small|(2010)}} * ''24 Oras News Alert'' {{small|(2020)}} * ''24 Oras Breaking News'' {{small|(2018)}} * ''[[Saksi]]'' {{small|(1995)}} * ''[[Unang Hirit]]'' {{small|(1999)}} ===Drama=== ;Primetime * ''Prinsesa Ng City Jail (2025)'' * ''Binibining Marikit (2025)'' * ''Lolong 2: Panginingil Ng Maynila (2025)'' * ''Mommy Dearest (2025)'' * ''Mga Batang Riles(2025)'' * ''Slay (2025)'' * ''Maka (2024)'' ;Sabado at Linggo * ''[[Wish Ko Lang!|Wish Ko Lang]]'' * ''Daig Kayo Ng Lola Ko'' * ''Regal Studio Presents'' * ''[[Magpakailanman]] {{small|(2002)}}'' * ''[[Tadhana]]'' {{small|(2017, sa produksyon ng GMA Public Affairs)}} to ===Pang-Aliw=== * ''[[It’s Showtime]]'' {{small|(2024, sa produksyon ng [[ABS-CBN|ABS-CBN Studios]])}} * ''[[All-Out Sundays]]'' {{small|(2020)}} * ''TiktoClock'' ===Palaro=== * ''Family Feud'' * ''The Voice Generations'' * ''The Clash'' ===Komedya=== * ''[[Bubble Gang]]'' {{small|(1995)}} * ''[[Daddy's Gurl|Open 24/7]]'' * ''[[Pepito Manaloto|Pepito Manaloto: Tuloy Ang Kwento]]'' ===Talakayan=== *''[[The Boobay and Tekla Show]]'' {{small|(2019)}} *''[[Mars Pa More|Fast Talk With Boy Abunda]]'' *''The 700 Club Asia'' * ''[[Sarap, 'Di Ba?]]'' * ''Cayetano in Action with Boy Abunda'' ===Dokumentaryo at magasin=== * * ''The Atom Araullo Specials'' * ''[[Born to Be Wild (seryeng pantelebisyon)|Born to Be Wild]]'' {{small|(2007)}} * ''[[Front Row (programang telebisyon)|Front Row]]'' {{small|(2014)}} * ''[[I-Witness]]'' {{small|(1999)}} * ''[[Imbestigador|Pinoy Crime Stories]]'' * ''[[Kapuso Mo, Jessica Soho]]'' {{small|(2004)}} * ''[[Reporter's Notebook]]'' {{small|(2004)}} ===Ugnayang Publiko=== * ''[[Kapwa Ko Mahal Ko]]'' {{small|(1975)}} * ''[[Wish Ko Lang!|Resibo: Walang Lusot Ang May Atraso]]'' ===Pangkaalaman=== * ''[[Amazing Earth]]'' {{small|(2018)}} * ''[[AHA!]]'' {{small|(2010)}} * ''[[iBilib]]'' {{small|(2012)}} * ''[[Pinoy M.D.]]'' * ''AgriPreneur'' * ''Pera Paraan'' * ''Turbo Zone'' * ''Healing Galing'' ===Relihiyon=== * ''The 700 Club Asia'' {{small|(1995, sa produksyon ng [[CBN Asia]])}} ===Pelikula at Espesyal na Presentasyon=== * ''GMA Blockbusters'' {{small|(2013)}} * ''GMA Regional TV Presents'' *''Kapuso Movie Festival'' {{small|(2006)}} * ==Kasalukuyang Banyagang Programa== ''Paalala:'' Ang mga pamagat ay nakalista sa alpabetikong pagkakasunud-sunod na sinusundan ng taon ng pasinaya sa panaklong. ===Drama=== *Her Private Life {{small|(2021)}} *Lie After Lie {{small|(2021)}} *Mako Mermaids {{small|(2021)}} *The Penthouse {{small|(2021)}} ===Animasyon=== *''[[Angry Birds Toons]]'' {{small|(2021)}} *''[[Hunter × Hunter|Hunter x Hunter]]'' {{small|(1999)}} *''[[Detective Conan]]'' {{small|(1999)}} *''[[One Piece]]'' {{small|(2020)}} *''[[Slam Dunk]]'' {{small|(2021)}} ===Usapan=== * ''[[In Touch with Charles Stanley]]'' {{small|(1994–2004, 2008–2014, 2015–2016, 2019)}} ==Pangrehiyong Programa== ''Paalala:'' Ang mga pamagat ay nakalista sa alpabetikong pagkakasunud-sunod na sinusundan ng taon ng pasinaya at rehiyon kung saan nagpapakita ang palabas sa panaklong. ===Balita=== * ''At Home with GMA Regional TV'' {{small|(2020; Davao, General Santos at Northern Mindanao)}} *''GMA Regional TV Early Edition'' {{small|(2020; Iloilo at Bacolod)}} *''GMA Regional TV Live!'' {{small|(2020; Cebu)}} *''Mornings with GMA Regional TV'' {{small|(2020; Dagupan, Ilocos at Bicol)}} *''[[Balitang Amianan]]'' {{small|(2008–2014, 2016; Dagupan at Ilocos)}} *''[[Balitang Bicolandia]]'' {{small|(2021; Bicol)}} *''[[Balitang Bisdak]]'' {{small|(1999–2014, 2016; Cebu)}} *''[[One Mindanao]]'' {{small|(2017; Mindanao)}} *''[[One Western Visayas]]'' {{small|(2018; Iloilo at Bacolod)}} ===Ugnayang publiko=== * ''[[Biyaheng DO30]]'' {{small|(Davao, General Santos, at Northern Mindanao; co-produced with Davao City Government)}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pageone.ph/gma-davao-rolls-out-byaheng-do30-with-mayor-inday-duterte/ |title=GMA Davao Rolls Out "Byaheng DO30" With Mayor Inday Duterte |publisher=Page One |date=Disyembre 14, 2016 |accessdate=Disyembre 15, 2016 |archive-date=2016-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161223130741/http://pageone.ph/gma-davao-rolls-out-byaheng-do30-with-mayor-inday-duterte/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Mga Paparating na Programa== ''Paalala:'' Ang mga pamagat ay nakalista sa alpabetikong pagkakasunud-sunod na sinusundan ng taon ng pasinaya sa panaklong. ===Orihinal=== ;Drama *[[Encantadia (seryeng pantelebisyon ng 2016)|''Encantadia Chronicles: Sang’gre'']] *''Sireno'' *''A Lifetime With You'' *''For The Love of Kobe'' *''A Family Like Us'' *''A Mother'' 's ''Tale'' ===Banyagang Programa=== ;Animated *''Samurai Pizza Cats'' {{small|(1990)}} *''Yo-kai Watch Shadowside'' {{small|(2021)}} *[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_GMA_Network tps://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_programs_broadcast_by_GMA_Network] *https://www.gmanetwork.com/entertainment/schedule?amp ==Mga Panlabas na Link== * [http://www.igma.tv/shows.php/ iGMA.tv offcial site] * [http://www.gmanetwork.com GMA Network's official website] * [http://www.gmanetwork.com/news GMA News and Public Affairs's official website] * [http://www.gmanetwork.com Official website] {{DEFAULTSORT:GMA Network, List Of Programs Broadcast By}} [[Kategorya:Palatuntunan ng GMA Network]] 3fwcczwrtytxv4theekgzmg66tuvy5o 0 23446 2210339 1907467 2026-06-04T10:38:08Z ~2026-33225-99 162602 /* */ Error404 2210339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Philippine municipality 2 | infoboxtitle = Bayan ng Mandaon | sealfile = | caption = Mapa ng [[Masbate]] na nagpapakita sa lokasyon ng Mandaon. | locatormapfile = {{PH wikidata|image_map}} | region = {{PH wikidata|region}} | province = {{PH wikidata|province}} | districts = | barangays = 26 | class = Ika-4 na Klase | mayor =Kristine Salve H. Kho | areakm2 = | population_as_of = 2000 | population_total = 46786 | website = | founded = }} Ang '''Bayan ng Mandaon''' ay isang ika-4 na klaseng [[mga bayan ng Pilipinas|bayan]] sa [[mga lalawigan ng Pilipinas|lalawigan]] ng [[Masbate]], [[Pilipinas]]. Ayon sa {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}}, ito ay may populasyon na {{PH wikidata|population_total}} sa may {{PH wikidata|household}} na kabahayan. ==Kasaysayan== Ang munisipyo ay nanggaling sa salitang “Mandaon” nanganguhulugan Landmark. Ito ay ang bundok ng Elijan sa poblasyon na makikita ng pumapasok na manlalakbay kanit malayo pa. sa paglipas ng panahon. Ito na ang ginamit ng mga tao. Ang mandaon ay naging baryo ng Milagros at naging Munisipyo noong 1949. ==Mga barangay== Ang bayan ng Mandaon ay nahahati sa 26 na mga [[barangay]]. <table border=0><tr> <td valign=top> * Alas * Ayat * Bat-Ongan * Bugtong * Buri * Cabitan * Cagmasoso * Canomoy * Centro * Dayao * Guincaiptan * Lantangan * Looc </td><td valign=top> * Mabatobato * Maolingon * Nailaban * Nanipsan * Pinamangcaan * Poblacion * Polo Dacu * San Juan * San Pablo * Santa Fe * Tagpu * Tumalaytay * Laguinbanwa </td></tr></table> ==Demograpiko== {{Populasyon}} == Mga sanggunian == {{Reflist}} ==Mga kawing panlabas== *[http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp Philippine Standard Geographic Code] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413163013/http://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/default.asp |date=2012-04-13 }} {{Masbate}} [[Kategorya:Mga bayan at lungsod sa Pilipinas]] tfdgnyx4u5ftjjd2dac4bpjbj0atmb4 0 33215 2210258 2206485 2026-06-03T19:20:23Z InternetArchiveBot 113521 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2210258 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Talaksan:World population density map.PNG|300px|thumb|[[Kapal ng populasyon]] ayon sa bansa, [[2006]]]] [[Talaksan:Countries by Population Density in 2015.svg|300px|thumbnail|right|[[Kapal ng populasyon]] ayon sa bansa, [[2015]]]] Ito ay isang '''talaan ng mga bansa at teritoryong dumedepende ayon sa kapal ng populasyon''' sa mga naninirahan/km². Kabilang sa talaang ito ang mga [[soberanya]]ng [[estado]] at mga [[teritoryong dumedepende]] sa sariling-pamamahalang kinikilala ng [[Nagkakaisang Kaharian]]. Kabilang, ngunit hindi pinagsusunod-sunod, sa talaang ito ang mga hindi kinikilala ngunit ''de facto'' na malayang mga bansa. Batay ang estadistika ng sumusunod na mga tala sa mga pook na kabilang ang mga bahagi ng tubig na nasa loob ng lupain (mga lawa, mga imbakan, mga ilog). Taya noong Hulyo 2005 ang mga datos na kinuha mula sa ''United Nations World Populations Prospects Report'' (pagbabago noong 2004), maliban kung nilagayan ng tanda. Tandaan na taya lamang ang estadistika ng populasyon na hinati sa kabuuan ng [[lawak]] ng kalatagan at hindi dapat ituring bilang pananalamin sa kapal ng urbanidad o ipakita ang abilidad ng isang lupain ng [[teritoryo]] na suportahin ang pagtitirahan ng tao. Nakaitaliko ang mga pangalan ng mga teritoryong dumedepende at kinikilalang estadong wala o limitado ang pamamahala sa kanilang nasasakupan. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- bgcolor="#ececec" |'''Ranggo''' ||'''[[Bansa]]/Rehiyon''' || '''[[Lawak]]''' (km²) || '''[[Lawak]]''' (mi²) || '''[[Populasyon]]''' || '''Kapal''' (Populasyon bawat km²)||'''Kapal''' (Populasyon bawat mi²)||'''Date'''||'''Mga tanda''' |- |||align=left|{{noflag}}'''[[Population density#Human population density|Daigdig]]''' (land only, excluding [[Antarctica]]) |{{convert|134940000|km2|disp=table}} |{{formatnum:{{worldpop}}}} |{{convert|{{#expr: {{worldpop}}/134940000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}} |align=left|[http://www.census.gov/popclock/ USCB's world population clock] |- ||| align=left|{{noflag}}'''[[Population density#Human population density|World]]''' (land only) |{{convert|148940000|km2|disp=table}} |{{formatnum:{{worldpop}}}} |{{convert|{{#expr: {{worldpop}}/148940000 round 0 }}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}} |align=left|[http://www.census.gov/popclock/ USCB's World population clock] |- |||align=left|{{noflag}}'''[[Population density#Human population density|World]]''' (with water) |{{convert|510072000|km2|disp=table}} |{{formatnum:{{worldpop}}}} |{{convert|{{#expr: {{worldpop}}/510072000 round 0 }}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}} |align=left|[http://www.census.gov/popclock/ USCB's World population clock] |- |1 |align=left|''{{MAC}}'' ([[China]])<ref>Current [[Special Administrative Region]] (SAR) of the [[China|People's Republic of China]] (PRC). Former [[Portugal|Portuguese]] colony, it definitively reverted to Chinese sovereignty on December 20, 1999.</ref> |{{convert|29|km2|0|disp=table}} |648,400 |{{convert|{{#expr: 648400/29 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 30, 2017 |align=left|[http://www.dsec.gov.mo/TimeSeriesDatabase.aspx?KeyIndicatorID=12 Official quarterly estimate] |- |2 |align=left|{{MCO}} |{{convert|2|km2|0|disp=table}} |36,950 |{{convert|{{#expr: 36950/2 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2013 |align=left|[http://www.monacostatistics.mc/Population-and-employment Official estimate] |- |3 |align=left|{{SIN}} |{{convert|719|km2|0|disp=table}} |5,535,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 5535000/719.1 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2015 |align=left|[http://www.singstat.gov.sg/statistics/latest-data#14 Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129094649/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/statistics/latest-data#14 |date=2015-11-29 }} |- |4 |align=left|''{{HKG}}'' ([[China]])<ref>Current [[Special Administrative Region]] (SAR) of the [[China|People's Republic of China]] (PRC). Former [[United Kingdom|British]] colony, it definitively returned to Chinese sovereignty on July 1, 1997.</ref> |{{convert|1,104|km2|0|disp=table}} |7,234,800 |{{convert|{{#expr: 7234800/1101 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hong_kong_statistics/statistics_by_subject/index.jsp?subjectID=1&charsetID=2&displayMode=T Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609015356/http://www.censtatd.gov.hk/hong_kong_statistics/statistics_by_subject/index.jsp?subjectID=1&charsetID=2&displayMode=T |date=2007-06-09 }} |- |5 |align=left|''{{GIB}}'' ([[United Kingdom|UK]])<ref>Territory claimed by [[Spain]].</ref> |{{convert|7|km2|0|disp=table}} |29,752 |{{convert|{{#expr: 29752/7 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2011 |align=left|[http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/Key_Indicators_Website.pdf Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928123433/http://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/images/stories/PDF/statistics/Key_Indicators_Website.pdf |date=2018-09-28 }} |- |6 |align=left|{{VAT}} |{{convert|0.44|km2|2|disp=table}} |800 |{{convert|{{#expr: 800/0.44 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2012 |align=left|[http://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/es/stato-e-governo/note-generali/popolazione.html Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031317/http://www.vaticanstate.va/content/vaticanstate/es/stato-e-governo/note-generali/popolazione.html |date=2017-02-02 }} |- |7 |align=left|{{BHR}} |{{convert|757|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,234,571 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1234571/757 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 27, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.cio.gov.bh/CIO_ARA/English/Publications/Census/2011%2009%2018%20Final%20English%20Census%202010%20Summary%20%20Results%20-%20Review%201.pdf Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502230515/http://www.cio.gov.bh/CIO_ARA/English/Publications/Census/2011%2009%2018%20Final%20English%20Census%202010%20Summary%20%20Results%20-%20Review%201.pdf |date=2013-05-02 }} |- |8 |align=left|{{MLT}} |{{convert|315|km2|0|disp=table}} |416,055 |{{convert|{{#expr: 416055/315 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |November 20, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.nso.gov.mt/statdoc/document_file.aspx?id=3424 Preliminary 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113194522/http://www.nso.gov.mt/statdoc/document_file.aspx?id=3424 |date=2013-11-13 }} |- |9 |align=left|''{{BMU}}'' ([[United Kingdom|UK]]) |{{convert|53|km2|0|disp=table}} |64,237 |{{convert|{{#expr: 64237/53 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 20, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.gov.bm/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_980_227_1014_43/http%3B/ptpublisher.gov.bm%3B7087/publishedcontent/publish/cabinet_office/statistics/dept___statistics___additonal_files/2012_facts___figures_0.pdf Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520190010/http://www.gov.bm/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_980_227_1014_43/http%3B/ptpublisher.gov.bm%3B7087/publishedcontent/publish/cabinet_office/statistics/dept___statistics___additonal_files/2012_facts___figures_0.pdf |date=2013-05-20 }} |- |10 |align=left|{{BGD}} |{{convert|147570|km2|0|disp=table}} |164,669,751 |{{convert|{{#expr: 164669751/147570 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |Setyembre 18, 2017 |align=left|[https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/ UN DESA / Population division] |- |11 |align=left|''{{SXM}}'' ([[Kingdom of the Netherlands]]) |{{convert|34|km2|0|disp=table}} |37,429 |{{convert|{{#expr: 37429/34 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/SintMaarten.html Official estimate] |- |12 |align=left|{{MDV}} |{{convert|298|km2|0|disp=table}} |317,280 |{{convert|{{#expr: 317280/298 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2010 |align=left|[http://planning.gov.mv/en/images/stories/publications/analysiscd/pdf/13.pdf Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502230513/http://planning.gov.mv/en/images/stories/publications/analysiscd/pdf/13.pdf |date=2013-05-02 }} |- |13 |align=left|''{{JEY}}'' ([[United Kingdom|UK]]) |{{convert|116|km2|0|disp=table}} |97,857 |{{convert|{{#expr: 97857/116 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |March 27, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/R%20CensusBulletin1%2020111208%20SU.pdf 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918003705/http://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/R%20CensusBulletin1%2020111208%20SU.pdf |date=2012-09-18 }} |- |14 |align=left|''{{GGY}}'' ([[United Kingdom|UK]]) |{{convert|78|km2|0|disp=table}} |62,431 |{{convert|{{#expr: 62431/78 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |March 31, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.gov.gg/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=5506&p=0 Official estimate] |- |15 |align=left|{{PSE}}<ref>Borders and area of Palestinian-administered territories are pending outcome of negotiations with [[Israel]].</ref> |{{convert|6,020|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,550,368 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4550368/6020 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2014 |align=left|[http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/site/881/default.aspx#Population Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150610214618/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/site/881/default.aspx#Population |date=2015-06-10 }} |- |16 |align=left|''{{MAF}}'' ([[France]]) |{{convert|54|km2|0|disp=table}} |36,979 |{{convert|{{#expr: 36979/54 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/france-departements.asp?annee=2010 Official estimate] |- |17 |align=left|{{TWN}}<ref>[[Political status of Taiwan|Partially recognized state]], claimed by the [[People's Republic of China]] as one of its [[Provinces of China|provinces]].</ref> |{{convert|36,191|km2|0|disp=table}} |23,410,280 |{{convert|{{#expr: 23410280/36191 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |Setyembre 30, 2014 |align=left|[http://eng.stat.gov.tw/point.asp?index=9 Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704022127/http://eng.stat.gov.tw/point.asp?index=9 |date=2014-07-04 }} |- |18 |align=left|{{BRB}} |{{convert|430|km2|0|disp=table}} |274,200 |{{convert|{{#expr: 274200/430 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/Barbados.html Official estimate] |- |19 |align=left|{{MRI}} |{{convert|2,040|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,259,838 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1259838/2040 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2013 |align=left|[http://statsmauritius.gov.mu/English/StatsbySubj/Documents/ei1092/population.pdf Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925231641/http://statsmauritius.gov.mu/English/StatsbySubj/Documents/ei1092/population.pdf |date=2015-09-25 }} |- |20 |align=left|''{{MYT}}'' ([[France]]) |{{convert|374|km2|0|disp=table}} |212,600 |{{convert|{{#expr: 212600/374 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |August 21, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/document.asp?ref_id=19214&reg_id=27 2012 census result] |- |21 |align=left|{{SMR}} |{{convert|61|km2|0|disp=table}} |32,382 |{{convert|{{#expr: 32382/61 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 31, 2013 |align=left|[http://www.statistica.sm/on-line/home/dati-statistici/popolazione.html# Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228151338/http://www.statistica.sm/on-line/home/dati-statistici/popolazione.html |date=2012-12-28 }} |- |22 |align=left|''{{ABW}}'' ([[Kingdom of the Netherlands]]) |{{convert|193|km2|0|disp=table}} |101,484 |{{convert|{{#expr: 101484/193 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |Setyembre 29, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.cbs.aw/cbs/readBlob.do?id=4199 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113151207/http://www.cbs.aw/cbs/readBlob.do?id=4199 |date=2012-11-13 }} |- |23 |align=left|{{KOR}} |{{convert|100,210|km2|0|disp=table}} |50,423,955 |{{convert|{{#expr: 50423955/100210 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://kosis.kr/gen_etl/check_miplatform.jsp?orgId=101&tblId=DT_1B35001&vw_cd=MT_ETITLE&list_id=&empId=&scrId=&seqNo=&dbkind=ETLDB&lang_mode=ko_en&dsu=nsi&conn_path=A6 Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110012919/http://kosis.kr/gen_etl/check_miplatform.jsp?orgId=101&tblId=DT_1B35001&vw_cd=MT_ETITLE&list_id=&empId=&scrId=&seqNo=&dbkind=ETLDB&lang_mode=ko_en&dsu=nsi&conn_path=A6 |date=2013-11-10 }} |- |24 |align=left|{{LBN}} |{{convert|10,452|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,966,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4966000/10201 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2014 |align=left|UN projection |- |25 |align=left|{{NRU}} |{{convert|21|km2|0|disp=table}} |10,084 |{{convert|{{#expr: 10084/21 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 30, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/Nauru.html 2011 census result] |- |26 |align=left|{{TUV}} |{{convert|26|km2|0|disp=table}} |11,323 |{{convert|{{#expr: 11323/26 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=158&Itemid=42&lang=en Official estimate] |- |27 |align=left|''{{BLM}}'' ([[France]]) |{{convert|21|km2|0|disp=table}} |8,938 |{{convert|{{#expr: 8938/21 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/france-departements.asp?annee=2010 Official estimate] |- |28 |align=left|{{RWA}} |{{convert|25,314|km2|0|disp=table}} |10,537,222 |{{convert|{{#expr: 10537222/25314 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |August 15, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.statistics.gov.rw/system/files/user_uploads/files/books/provisional%20results%20-%20eng.pdf Preliminary 2012 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019174254/http://www.statistics.gov.rw/system/files/user_uploads/files/books/provisional%20results%20-%20eng.pdf |date=2013-10-19 }} |- |29 |align=left|''{{PRI}}'' ([[United States|US]])<ref>Commonwealth of the [[United States]].</ref> |{{convert|8,868|km2|0|disp=table}} |3,667,084 |{{convert|{{#expr: 3667084/8868 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/PuertoRico-Towns.html Official estimate] |- |30 |align=left|''{{NLD}}'' |{{convert|41,543|km2|0|disp=table}} |17,152,292 |{{convert|{{#expr: 17152292/41543 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |Setyembre 18, 2017 |align=left|[https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/visualisaties/population-counter Official population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009222717/https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/visualisaties/population-counter |date=2018-10-09 }} |- |31 |align=left|{{HAI}} |{{convert|27,065|km2|0|disp=table}} |10,745,665 |{{convert|{{#expr: 10745665/27065 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2014 |align=left|[http://www.ihsi.ht/pdf/projection/ProjectionsPopulation_Haiti_2007.pdf Official projection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150219001450/http://ihsi.ht/pdf/projection/ProjectionsPopulation_Haiti_2007.pdf |date=2015-02-19 }} |- |32 |align=left|{{COM}} |{{convert|1,861|km2|0|disp=table}} |724,300 |{{convert|{{#expr: 724300/1861 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/Comores.html Official estimate] |- |33 |align=left|{{IND}} |{{convert|3,287,263|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,345,961,756 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1345961756/3287263 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |Setyembre 18, 2017 |align=left|[http://worldpopulationclock.info/india India Population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916222847/http://worldpopulationclock.info/India |date=2018-09-16 }} |- |34 |align=left|{{ISR}} |{{convert|22,072|km2|0|disp=table}} |8,720,400 |{{convert|{{#expr: 8720400/22072 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 31, 2017 |align=left|[http://www.cbs.gov.il/reader/cw_usr_view_Folder?ID=141 Official population clock]<ref>Calculated based on average growth since last census</ref> |- |35 |align=left|{{BEL}} |{{convert|30,528|km2|0|disp=table}} |11,237,963 |{{convert|{{#expr: 11237963/30528 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.ibz.rrn.fgov.be/fileadmin/user_upload/nl/bev/statistieken/stat-1-1_n.pdf Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111002452/http://www.ibz.rrn.fgov.be/fileadmin/user_upload/nl/bev/statistieken/stat-1-1_n.pdf |date=2014-11-11 }} |- |36 |align=left|''{{MTQ}}'' ([[France]]) |{{convert|1,128|km2|0|disp=table}} |394,173 |{{convert|{{#expr: 394173/1128 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/france-regions.asp Official estimate] |- |37 |align=left|{{BDI}} |{{convert|27,816|km2|0|disp=table}} |9,530,434 |{{convert|{{#expr: 9530434/27816 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.isteebu.bi/images/rapports/projection%20de%20la%20population%20bdi%202008-2030.pdf Official annual projection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403071528/http://www.isteebu.bi/images/rapports/projection%20de%20la%20population%20bdi%202008-2030.pdf |date=2019-04-03 }} |- |38 |align=left|''{{CUR}}'' ([[Kingdom of the Netherlands]]) |{{convert|444|km2|0|disp=table}} |150,563 |{{convert|{{#expr: 150563/444 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |March 26, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/Curacao.html 2011 census result] |- |39 |align=left|{{PHL}} |{{convert|300000|km2|0|disp=table}} |100,980,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 100980000/300000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} | August 1, 2015 |align=left|[http://psa.gov.ph/content/highlights-philippine-population-2015-census-population 2015 census] |- |40 |align=left|{{JPN}} |{{convert|377,915|km2|0|disp=table}} |127,070,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 127070000/377915 round 2}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.stat.go.jp/english/data/jinsui/tsuki/index.htm Monthly official estimate] |- |41 |align=left|''{{REU}}'' ([[France]]) |{{convert|2,512|km2|0|disp=table}} |821,136 |{{convert|{{#expr: 821136/2512 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/france-regions.asp Official estimate] |- |42 |align=left|{{MHL}} |{{convert|181|km2|0|disp=table}} |56,086 |{{convert|{{#expr: 56086/181 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=158&Itemid=42&lang=en Official estimate] |- |43 |align=left|{{SRI}} |{{convert|65,610|km2|0|disp=table}} |20,277,597 |{{convert|{{#expr: 20277597/65610 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |March 21, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/sm/CPH%202011_R1.pdf Preliminary 2012 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206021926/http://www.statistics.gov.lk/PopHouSat/CPH2011/Pages/sm/CPH%202011_R1.pdf |date=2013-12-06 }} |- |44 |align=left|''{{VIR}}'' ([[United States|US]]) |{{convert|352|km2|0|disp=table}} |106,405 |{{convert|{{#expr: 106405/352 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 1, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn180.html Final 2010 census result] |- |45 |align=left|{{SLV}} |{{convert|21,040|km2|0|disp=table}} |6,340,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 6340000/21040 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|UN estimate |- |46 |align=left|{{GRD}} |{{convert|344|km2|0|disp=table}} |103,328 |{{convert|{{#expr: 103328/344 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 12, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.geohive.com/cntry/grenada.aspx 2011 census result] |- |47 |align=left|''{{GUM}}'' ([[United States|US]]) |{{convert|541|km2|0|disp=table}} |159,358 |{{convert|{{#expr: 159358/541 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 1, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn179.html Final 2010 census result] |- |48 |align=left|''{{ASM}}'' ([[United States|US]]) |{{convert|197|km2|0|disp=table}} |55,519 |{{convert|{{#expr: 55519/197 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 1, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn177.html Final 2010 census result] |- |49 |align=left|{{LCA}} |{{convert|617|km2|0|disp=table}} |166,526 |{{convert|{{#expr: 166526/617 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 10, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.stats.gov.lc/StLuciaPreliminaryCensusReport2010.pdf Preliminary 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830112605/http://www.stats.gov.lc/StLuciaPreliminaryCensusReport2010.pdf |date=2011-08-30 }} |- |50 |align=left|{{VNM}} |{{convert|331,212|km2|0|disp=table}} |88,780,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 88780000/331212 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2012 |align=left|[http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=508&ItemID=13500 Official estimate] |- |51 |align=left|{{GBR}} |{{convert|242,910|km2|0|disp=table}} |64,105,700 |{{convert|{{#expr: 63705000/242910 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|[http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_367167.pdf Annual official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150621130514/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/dcp171778_367167.pdf |date=2015-06-21 }} |- |52 |align=left|{{VCT}} |{{convert|389|km2|0|disp=table}} |100,892 |{{convert|{{#expr: 100892/389 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2009 |align=left|[http://www.caricomstats.org/Files/Databases/Population/MP.htm Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602153647/http://www.caricomstats.org/Files/Databases/Population/MP.htm |date=2013-06-02 }} |- |53 |align=left|{{TTO}} |{{convert|5,155|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,328,019 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1328019/5155 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 9, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.cso.gov.tt/sites/default/files/content/images/census/TRINIDAD%20AND%20TOBAGO%202011%20Demographic%20Report.pdf 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502230527/http://www.cso.gov.tt/sites/default/files/content/images/census/TRINIDAD%20AND%20TOBAGO%202011%20Demographic%20Report.pdf |date=2013-05-02 }} |- |54 |align=left|''{{GLP}}'' ([[France]]) |{{convert|1,630|km2|0|disp=table}} |403,355 |{{convert|{{#expr: 403355/1630 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/france-regions.asp Official estimate] |- |55 |align=left|{{JAM}} |{{convert|10,991|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,711,476 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2711476/10991 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2012 |align=left|[http://statinja.gov.jm/Demo_SocialStats/population.aspx Official estimate] |- |56 |align=left|{{PAK}} |{{convert|803940|km2|0|disp=table}} |207,774,520 |{{convert|{{#expr: 207774520/803940 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2017 |align=left|[http://www.pbscensus.gov.pk/ 2017 census] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015113737/http://www.pbscensus.gov.pk/ |date=2017-10-15 }} |- |57 |align=left|{{LIE}} |{{convert|160|km2|0|disp=table}} |36,842 |{{convert|{{#expr: 36842/160 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.llv.li/amtsstellen/llv-as-bevoelkerung/llv-as-bevoelkerung-bevoelkerungsstatistik_per_31_dezember-vorlaeufig.htm Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140331084716/http://www.llv.li/amtsstellen/llv-as-bevoelkerung/llv-as-bevoelkerung-bevoelkerungsstatistik_per_31_dezember-vorlaeufig.htm |date=2014-03-31 }} |- |58 |align=left|{{GER}} |{{convert|357,123|km2|0|disp=table}} |80,781,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 80781000/357123 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |November 30, 2013 |align=left|[http://www.statistik-portal.de/Statistik-Portal/en/en_zs01_bund.asp Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924110018/http://www.statistik-portal.de/Statistik-Portal/en/en_zs01_bund.asp |date=2015-09-24 }} |- |59 |align=left|''{{CYM}}'' ([[United Kingdom|UK]]) |{{convert|259|km2|0|disp=table}} |55,456 |{{convert|{{#expr: 55456/259 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 10, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.eso.ky/pages.php?page=2010censusofpopulationandhousingfinalreport Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921135615/http://eso.ky/pages.php?page=2010censusofpopulationandhousingfinalreport |date=2013-09-21 }} |- |60 |align=left|{{LUX}} |{{convert|2,586|km2|0|disp=table}} |537,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 537000/2586 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.statistiques.public.lu/stat/TableViewer/tableViewHTML.aspx?ReportId=383&IF_Language=fra&MainTheme=2&FldrName=1 Official estimate]{{Dead link|date=Hulyo 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |61 |align=left|{{ITA}} |{{convert|301,308|km2|0|disp=table}} |60,762,320 |{{convert|{{#expr: 60762320/301308 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |February 28, 2014 |align=left|[http://demo.istat.it/bilmens2014gen/index.html Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001120520/http://www.demo.istat.it/bilmens2014gen/index.html |date=2018-10-01 }} |- |62 |align=left|{{KWT}} |{{convert|17,818|km2|0|disp=table}} |3,582,054 |{{convert|{{#expr: 3582054/17818 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/Kuwait.html Official estimate] |- |63 |align=left|{{SEY}} |{{convert|455|km2|0|disp=table}} |90,945 |{{convert|{{#expr: 90945/455 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |August 26, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.nbs.gov.sc/archives/82 Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120221021324/http://www.nbs.gov.sc/archives/82 |date=2012-02-21 }} |- |64 |align=left|{{CHE}} |{{convert|41,285|km2|0|disp=table}} |8,183,800 |{{convert|{{#expr: 8183800/41285 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 30, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/themen/01/02/blank/key/bevoelkerungsstand/01.html Quarterly provisional figure] |- |65 |align=left|{{DOM}} |{{convert|47,875|km2|0|disp=table}} |9,445,281 |{{convert|{{#expr: 9445281/47875 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 1, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.one.gov.do/index.php?module=articles&func=display&aid=2387 Final 2010 census result] |- |66 |align=left|{{PRK}} |{{convert|122,762|km2|0|disp=table}} |24,052,231 |{{convert|{{#expr: 24052231/122762 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 1, 2008 |align=left|[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf Final 2008 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331091148/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/North_Korea/Final%20national%20census%20report.pdf |date=2010-03-31 }} |- |67 |align=left|''{{VGB}}'' ([[United Kingdom|UK]]) |{{convert|151|km2|0|disp=table}} |29,537 |{{convert|{{#expr: 29537/151 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2010 |align=left|[http://www.dpu.gov.vg Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020525210259/http://www.dpu.gov.vg/ |date=2002-05-25 }} |- |68 |align=left|{{ATG}} |{{convert|442|km2|0|disp=table}} |86,295 |{{convert|{{#expr: 86295/442 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 27, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/Antigua.html Preliminary 2011 census result] |- |69 |align=left|{{NGA}} |{{convert|923,768|km2|0|disp=table}} |178,517,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 178517000/923768 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2014 |align=left|UN projection |- |70 |align=left|{{SKN}} |{{convert|270|km2|0|disp=table}} |51,970 |{{convert|{{#expr: 51970/270 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2009 |align=left|[http://www.caricomstats.org/Files/Databases/Population/MP.htm Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602153647/http://www.caricomstats.org/Files/Databases/Population/MP.htm |date=2013-06-02 }} |- |71 |align=left|{{STP}} |{{convert|1,001|km2|0|disp=table}} |187,356 |{{convert|{{#expr: 187356/1001 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 13, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/SaoTome.html 2012 census result] |- |72 |align=left|{{NPL}} |{{convert|147,181|km2|0|disp=table}} |26,494,504 |{{convert|{{#expr: 26494504/147181 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 22, 2011 |align=left|[http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Major-Finding.pdf Final 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226114004/http://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Major-Finding.pdf |date=2018-12-26 }} |- |73 |align=left|{{QAT}} |{{convert|11,571|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,024,707 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2024707/11571 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 31, 2013 |align=left|[http://www.qsa.gov.qa/eng/PopulationStructure.htm Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130220032/http://www.qsa.gov.qa/eng/PopulationStructure.htm |date=2012-11-30 }} |- |74 |align=left|{{GAM}} |{{convert|10,690|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,849,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1849000/10690 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|UN estimate |- |75 |align=left|{{flag|Kosovo}}<ref>Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Serbia. The Republic of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence on 17 February 2008, but Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory. The two governments began to normalise relations in 2013, as part of the Brussels Agreement. Kosovo has received formal recognition as an independent state from 111 out of 193 United Nations member states.</ref> |{{convert|10,910|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,815,606 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1815606/10910 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/Kosovo-Cities.html Official estimate] |- |76 |align=left|{{AND}} |{{convert|464|km2|0|disp=table}} |76,246 |{{convert|{{#expr: 76246/464 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2012 |align=left|[http://www.estadistica.ad/serveiestudis/web/banc_dades4.asp?tipus_grafic=&bGrafic=&formules=inici&any1=01/01/2000&any2=01/01/2012&codi_divisio=8&lang=1&codi_subtemes=8&codi_tema=2&chkseries= Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171113143444/http://www.estadistica.ad/serveiestudis/web/banc_dades4.asp?tipus_grafic= |date=2017-11-13 }} |- |77 |align=left|{{UGA}} |{{convert|241,551|km2|0|disp=table}} |36,600,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 36600000/241551 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.ubos.org/onlinefiles/uploads/ubos/statistical_abstracts/Statistical_Abstract_2014.pdf Annual official estimate] |- |78 |align=left|''{{IMN}}'' ([[United Kingdom|UK]]) |{{convert|572|km2|0|disp=table}} |84,497 |{{convert|{{#expr: 84497/572 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |March 27, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/IsleOfMan.html 2011 census result] |- |79 |align=left|{{KIR}} |{{convert|726|km2|0|disp=table}} |106,461 |{{convert|{{#expr: 106461/726 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=158&Itemid=42&lang=en Official estimate] |- |80 |align=left|{{CYP}} |{{convert|5,896|km2|0|disp=table}} |862,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 862000/5896 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/C6ECE5795EAC1ED8C2257AB70038FCD4?OpenDocument&sub=1&sel=1&e=&print Official estimate] |- |81 |align=left|{{TON}} |{{convert|720|km2|0|disp=table}} |104,270 |{{convert|{{#expr: 104270/720 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=158&Itemid=42&lang=en Official estimate] |- |82 |align=left|{{FSM}} |{{convert|701|km2|0|disp=table}} |101,351 |{{convert|{{#expr: 101351/701 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=158&Itemid=42&lang=en Official estimate] |- |83 |align=left|{{GUA}} |{{convert|108,889|km2|0|disp=table}} |15,806,675 |{{convert|{{#expr: 15806675/108889 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 30, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.ine.gob.gt/index.php/estadisticas/tema-indicadores Annual Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140314175005/http://www.ine.gob.gt/index.php/estadisticas/tema-indicadores |date=2014-03-14 }} |- |84 |align=left|{{CHN}} |{{convert|9,640,821|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,409,517,397 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1409517397/9640821 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |Setyembre 18, 2017 |align=left|[https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/ UN DESA / POPULATION DIVISION] |- |85 |align=left|''{{TKL}}'' ([[New Zealand|NZ]]) |{{convert|10|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,411 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1411/10 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 18, 2011 |align=left|[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Tokelau/report.pdf Final 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815034343/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Tokelau/report.pdf |date=2012-08-15 }} |- |86 |align=left|''{{AIA}}'' ([[United Kingdom|UK]]) |{{convert|96|km2|0|disp=table}} |13,452 |{{convert|{{#expr: 13452/96 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 11, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/Anguilla.html Preliminary 2011 census result] |- |87 |align=left|{{CZE}} |{{convert|78,867|km2|0|disp=table}} |10,517,400 |{{convert|{{#expr: 10517400/78867 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.czso.cz/csu/csu.nsf/enginformace/coby061214.docx Quarterly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310072510/https://www.czso.cz/csu/csu.nsf/enginformace/coby061214.docx |date=2016-03-10 }} |- |88 |align=left|{{DNK}} |{{convert|43,098|km2|0|disp=table}} |5,639,719 |{{convert|{{#expr: 5639719/43098 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.statistikbanken.dk/FOLK1 Quarterly official estimate] |- |89 |align=left|{{THA}} |{{convert|513,120|km2|0|disp=table}} |65,926,261 |{{convert|{{#expr: 5634437/43098 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://web.nso.go.th/index.htm 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925201333/http://web.nso.go.th/index.htm |date=2015-09-25 }} |- |90 |align=left|{{IDN}} |{{convert|1,910,931|km2|0|disp=table}} | 252,164,800 |{{convert|{{#expr: 252164800/1910931 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |Setyembre 1, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.bi.go.id/sdds/series/pop/index_pop.asp Official projection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225211724/http://www.bi.go.id/sdds/series/pop/index_pop.asp%20 |date=2018-12-25 }} |- |91 |align=left|{{POL}} |{{convert|312,685|km2|0|disp=table}} |38,496,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 38496000/312685 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2013 |align=left|[http://stat.gov.pl/en/basic-data Official estimate] |- |92 |align=left|{{CPV}} |{{convert|4,033|km2|0|disp=table}} |491,875 |{{convert|{{#expr: 491875/4033 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 16, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.ine.cv/actualise/dadostat/files/7ba5fbd5-bf0a-4faf-a734-0495ba9f80f0evolução%20da%20população%20residente%20em%20cabo%20verde,%201900%20-2010.pdf Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003130545/http://www.ine.cv/actualise/dadostat/files/7ba5fbd5-bf0a-4faf-a734-0495ba9f80f0evolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20residente%20em%20cabo%20verde%2C%201900%20-2010.pdf |date=2012-10-03 }} |- |93 |align=left|{{MWI}} |{{convert|118,484|km2|0|disp=table}} |14,388,600 |{{convert|{{#expr: 14388600/118484 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/Malawi.html Official estimate] |- |94 |align=left|''{{MNP}}'' ([[United States|US]]) |{{convert|457|km2|0|disp=table}} |53,883 |{{convert|{{#expr: 53883/457 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 1, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/2010_census/cb11-cn178.html Final 2010 census result] |- |95 |align=left|{{FRA}} |{{convert|543,965|km2|0|disp=table}} |64,149,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 64149000/543965 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.insee.fr/fr/bases-de-donnees/bsweb/serie.asp?idbank=000436387 Monthly official estimate] |- |96 |align=left|{{SYR}} |{{convert|185,180|km2|0|disp=table}} |21,377,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 21377000/185180 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/Syria.html Official estimate] |- |97 |align=left|{{PRT}} |{{convert|92,090|km2|0|disp=table}} |10,562,178 |{{convert|{{#expr: 10562178/92090 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |March 21, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.ine.pt/scripts/flex_definitivos/Main.html Final 2011 census result] |- |98 |align=left|{{JOR}} |{{convert|89,342|km2|0|disp=table}} |9,973,223 |{{convert|{{#expr: 9973223/89342 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |Setyembre 18, 2017 |align=left|[http://web.dos.gov.jo/?lang=en Official population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306132107/http://web.dos.gov.jo/?lang=en |date=2016-03-06 }} |- |99 |align=left|{{SVK}} |{{convert|49,036|km2|0|disp=table}} |5,410,728 |{{convert|{{#expr: 5410728/49036 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |March 31, 2013 |align=left|[http://portal.statistics.sk/showdoc.do?docid=68588 Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031417/http://portal.statistics.sk/showdoc.do?docid=68588 |date=2017-02-02 }} |- |100 |align=left|{{TGO}} |{{convert|56,600|km2|0|disp=table}} |6,191,155 |{{convert|{{#expr: 6191155/56600 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |November 6, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.stat-togo.org/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=14&&Itemid=56 Final 2010 census result] |- |101 |align=left|{{AZE}} |{{convert|86,600|km2|0|disp=table}} |9,477,100 |{{convert|{{#expr: 9477100/86600 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2013 |align=left|[http://stat.gov.az/news/?id=2122 Official estimate] |- |102 |align=left|{{HUN}} |{{convert|93,029|km2|0|disp=table}} |9,877,365 |{{convert|{{#expr: 9877365/93029 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.ksh.hu/docs/eng/xstadat/xstadat_annual/i_wnt001b.html Annual official estimate] |- |103 |align=left|{{MDA}} |{{convert|33,843|km2|0|disp=table}} |3,559,500 |{{convert|{{#expr: 3559500/33843 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.statistica.md/category.php?l=ro&idc=103& Official estimate] |- |104 |align=left|{{GHA}} |{{convert|238,533|km2|0|disp=table}} |24,658,823 |{{convert|{{#expr: 24658823/238533 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |Setyembre 26, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/2010_population_and_housing_census%28view_summary_of_final_results%29.pdf Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924105945/http://www.statsghana.gov.gh/docfiles/2010phc/2010_population_and_housing_census%28view_summary_of_final_results%29.pdf |date=2015-09-24 }} |- |105 |align=left|{{CUB}} |{{convert|109,886|km2|0|disp=table}} |11,163,934 |{{convert|{{#expr: 11163934/109886 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |Setyembre 15, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.one.cu/publicaciones/cepde/cpv2012/20121212cifraspreliminares/resultados%20preliminares.pdf Preliminary 2012 census result] |- |106 |align=left|{{ARM}} |{{convert|29,743|km2|0|disp=table}} |3,024,100 |{{convert|{{#expr: 3024100/29743 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2012 |align=left|[http://www.armstat.am/en/?nid=126&id=11001 Official estimate] |- |107 |align=left|{{SVN}} |{{convert|20,273|km2|0|disp=table}} |{{formatnum: {{#expr: 2058821+8*{{Age in days|2013|1|1}} round 0}}}} |align=right|{{formatnum: {{#expr: (2058821+8*{{Age in days|2013|1|1}})/20273 round 0}}}} |align=right|{{formatnum: {{#expr: (2058821+8*{{Age in days|2013|1|1}})/7827 round 0}}}} |{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}} |align=left|[http://www.stat.si/eng/tema_demografsko_prebivalstvo.asp Official population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618041010/http://www.stat.si/eng/tema_demografsko_prebivalstvo.asp |date=2009-06-18 }} |- |108 |align=left|{{AUT}} |{{convert|83,879|km2|0|disp=table}} |8,572,895 |{{convert|{{#expr: 8572895/83879 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.statistik.at/web_de/presse/075280 Official quarterly estimate] |- |109 |align=left|{{TUR}} |{{convert|783,562|km2|0|disp=table}} |77,695,904 |{{convert|{{#expr: 77695904/769604 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.tuik.gov.tr/HbGetirHTML.do?id=18616 Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901141158/http://www.tuik.gov.tr/HbGetirHTML.do?id=18616 |date=2015-09-01 }} |- |110 |align=left|{{ARE}} |{{convert|83,600|km2|0|disp=table}} |8,264,070 |{{convert|{{#expr: 8264070/83600 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2010 |align=left|[http://www.uaestatistics.gov.ae/ReportPDF/Population%20Estimates%202006%20-%202010.pdf Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131008044353/http://www.uaestatistics.gov.ae/ReportPDF/Population%20Estimates%202006%20-%202010.pdf |date=2013-10-08 }} |- |111 |align=left|{{ALB}} |{{convert|28,703|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,821,977 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2821977/28703 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 1, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.instat.gov.al/media/177354/main_results__population_and_housing_census_2011.pdf 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141114073838/http://www.instat.gov.al/media/177354/main_results__population_and_housing_census_2011.pdf |date=2014-11-14 }} |- |112 |align=left|{{DMA}} |{{convert|739|km2|0|disp=table}} |71,293 |{{convert|{{#expr: 71293/739 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 14, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.dominica.gov.dm/cms/files/2011_census_report.pdf Preliminary 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608104411/http://www.dominica.gov.dm/cms/files/2011_census_report.pdf |date=2019-06-08 }} |- |113 |align=left|{{ESP}} |{{convert|503,783|km2|0|disp=table}} |46,609,700 |{{convert|{{#expr: 46609700/503783 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|[http://www.ine.es/en/welcome.shtml Official estimate] |- |114 |align=left|{{SRB}} |{{convert|77,474|km2|0|disp=table}} |7,146,759 |{{convert|{{#expr: 7146759/77474 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/Public/PageView.aspx?pKey=2 Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225081855/http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/Public/PageView.aspx?pKey=2 |date=2015-12-25 }} |- |115 |align=left|{{BEN}} |{{convert|112,622|km2|0|disp=table}} |10,323,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 10323000/112622 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|UN estimate |- |116 |align=left|{{CRI}} |{{convert|51,100|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,667,096 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4667096/51100 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2013 |align=left|[http://www.inec.go.cr/Web/Home/pagPrincipal.aspx Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327062704/http://www.inec.go.cr/Web/Home/pagPrincipal.aspx |date=2012-03-27 }} |- |117 |align=left|{{MYS}} |{{convert|330,803|km2|0|disp=table}} |{{formatnum: {{#expr: 28334.135+1.321*{{Age in days|2010|7|6}} round 0}}000}} |align=right|{{formatnum: {{#expr: (28334135+1321*{{Age in days|2010|7|6}})/330803 round 0}}}} |align=right|{{formatnum: {{#expr: (28334135+1321*{{Age in days|2010|7|6}})/127724 round 0}}}} |{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}} |align=left|[http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=213&lang=en Official population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131205145703/http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=213&lang=en |date=2013-12-05 }} |- |118 |align=left|{{TRNC}} |{{convert|3355|km2|0|disp=table}} |294,906 |{{convert|{{#expr: 294906/3355 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 4, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=82777 2011 census result] |- |119 |align=left|{{EGY}} |{{convert|1,002,450|km2|0|disp=table}} |93,557,848 |{{convert|{{#expr: 93557848/1002450 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |Setyembre 18, 2017 |align=left|[http://www.capmas.gov.eg Official population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907025744/https://www.capmas.gov.eg/ |date=2023-09-07 }} |- |120 |align=left|{{SLE}} |{{convert|71,740|km2|0|disp=table}} |6,092,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 6092000/71740 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|UN estimate |- |121 |align=left|{{ROM}} |{{convert|238,391|km2|0|disp=table}} |20,121,641 |{{convert|{{#expr: 20121641/238391 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 20, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/REZULTATE-DEFINITIVE-RPL_2011.pdf Final 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200509213807/http://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/REZULTATE-DEFINITIVE-RPL_2011.pdf |date=2020-05-09 }} |- |122 |align=left|{{KHM}} |{{convert|181,035|km2|0|disp=table}} |15,184,116 |{{convert|{{#expr: 15184116/181035 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.stat.go.jp/info/meetings/cambodia/pdf/rp12_ch10.pdf Official annual projection] |- |123 |align=left|{{GRE}} |{{convert|131,957|km2|0|disp=table}} |11,123,034 |{{convert|{{#expr: 11123034/131957 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2012 |align=left|[http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tps00001&plugin=1 Official estimate] |- |124 |align=left|{{ETH}} |{{convert|1,063,652|km2|0|disp=table}} |87,952,991 |{{convert|{{#expr: 87952991/1063652 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.csa.gov.et/images/general/news/pop_pro_wer_2014-2017 Official projection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151017033609/http://www.csa.gov.et/images/general/news/pop_pro_wer_2014-2017 |date=2015-10-17 }} |- |125 |align=left|{{IRQ}} |{{convert|434,128|km2|0|disp=table}} |36,004,552 |{{convert|{{#expr: 36004552/434128 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.mofamission.gov.iq/nld/ab/articledisplay.aspx?gid=1&id=14075 Annual official projection] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140208014232/http://www.mofamission.gov.iq/ |date=2014-02-08 }} |- |126 |align=left|{{MKD}} |{{convert|25,713|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,062,294 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2062294/25713 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.stat.gov.mk/OblastOpsto_en.aspx?id=2 Official estimate] |- |127 |align=left|{{KEN}} |{{convert|581,834|km2|0|disp=table}} |45,546,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 45546000/581834 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2014 |align=left|UN projection |- |128 |align=left|{{MYA}} |{{convert|676,577|km2|0|disp=table}} |51,419,420 |{{convert|{{#expr: 51419420/676577 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |March 29, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.straitstimes.com/news/asia/east-asia/story/myanmar-census-shows-population-9-million-fewer-estimated-20140830 Preliminary 2014 census result] |- |129 |align=left|{{CRO}} |{{convert|56,542|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,290,612 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4290612/56542 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |March 31, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.dzs.hr/default_e.htm 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123094014/http://www.dzs.hr/default_e.htm |date=2015-11-23 }} |- |130 |align=left|''{{PYF}}'' ([[France]]) |{{convert|3,521|km2|0|disp=table}} |268,270 |{{convert|{{#expr: 268270/3521 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |August 22, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.ispf.pf/Libraries/RP2012/Premiers_résultats_population_légale.sflb.ashx Preliminary 2012 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221193409/http://www.ispf.pf/Libraries/RP2012/Premiers_r%C3%A9sultats_population_l%C3%A9gale.sflb.ashx |date=2014-02-21 }} |- |131 |align=left|{{HON}} |{{convert|112,088|km2|0|disp=table}} |8,385,072 |{{convert|{{#expr: 8385072/112088 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2012 |align=left|[http://www.ine.gob.hn/drupal/node/205 Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101017031001/http://www.ine.gob.hn/drupal/node/205 |date=2010-10-17 }} |- |132 |align=left|{{UKR}}<ref>Includes [[Crimea]] and [[Sevastopol]].</ref> |{{convert|603,628|km2|0|disp=table}} |45,377,581 |{{convert|{{#expr: 45377581/603628 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/operativ/operativ2014/ds/kn/kn_e/kn0414_e.html Monthly official estimate] |- |133 |align=left|{{BIH}} |{{convert|51,209|km2|0|disp=table}} |3,839,737 |{{convert|{{#expr: 3839737/51209 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 30, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.bhas.ba/index.php?option=com_publikacija&id=1&lang=en&Itemid= Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923184402/http://www.bhas.ba/index.php?option=com_publikacija&id=1&lang=en&Itemid= |date=2015-09-23 }} |- |134 |align=left|{{MAR}} |{{convert|446,550|km2|0|disp=table}} |34,931,791 |{{convert|{{#expr: 34931791/446550 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |Setyembre 18, 2017 |align=left|[http://www.hcp.ma Official population clock] |- |135 |align=left|{{CIV}} |{{convert|322,921|km2|0|disp=table}} |23,202,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 23202000/322921 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2012 |align=left|[http://www.ins.ci/n Official estimate] |- |136 |align=left|{{SWZ}} |{{convert|17,364|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,250,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1250000/17364 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|UN estimate |- |137 |align=left|{{TLS}} |{{convert|14,919|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,066,409 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1066409/14919 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 11, 2010 |align=left|[http://dne.mof.gov.tl Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816060817/http://dne.mof.gov.tl/ |date=2012-08-16 }} |- |138 |align=left|{{SEN}} |{{convert|196,722|km2|0|disp=table}} |13,567,338 |{{convert|{{#expr: 13567338/196722 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2013 |align=left|[http://www.ansd.sn/senegal_indicateurs.html Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117060113/http://www.ansd.sn/senegal_indicateurs.html |date=2012-01-17 }} |- |139 |align=left|{{UZB}} |{{convert|444,103|km2|0|disp=table}} |30,492,800 |{{convert|{{#expr: 30492800/444103 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.stat.uz/demographic Official estimate] |- |140 |align=left|{{LES}} |{{convert|30,355|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,074,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2074000/30355 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|UN estimate |- |141 |align=left|{{BRU}} |{{convert|5,765|km2|0|disp=table}} |393,162 |{{convert|{{#expr: 393162/5765 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 20, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.depd.gov.bn/projects/BPP/Preliminary%20Report%20of%20BPP%202011_updated_20Feb2012.pdf Preliminary 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010121333/http://www.depd.gov.bn/projects/BPP/Preliminary%20Report%20of%20BPP%202011_updated_20Feb2012.pdf |date=2012-10-10 }} |- |142 |align=left|{{WSM}} |{{convert|2,831|km2|0|disp=table}} |187,820 |{{convert|{{#expr: 187820/2831 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |November 7, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.sbs.gov.ws Final 2011 census result] |- |143 |align=left|{{TUN}} |{{convert|163,610|km2|0|disp=table}} |10,777,500 |{{convert|{{#expr: 10777500/163610 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.ins.nat.tn/indexfr.php Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117075430/http://www.ins.nat.tn/indexfr.php |date=2020-11-17 }} |- |144 |align=left|{{BUL}} |{{convert|111,002|km2|0|disp=table}} |7,282,041 |{{convert|{{#expr: 7282041/111002 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.nsi.bg/otrasal.php?otr=19&a1=376&a2=377&a3=378#cont Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113220442/http://www.nsi.bg/otrasal.php?otr=19&a1=376&a2=377&a3=378#cont |date=2012-11-13 }} |- |145 |align=left|''{{BES}}'' ([[Netherlands]]) |{{convert|322|km2|0|disp=table}} |21,133 |{{convert|{{#expr: 21133/322 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/NedAntillen.html Official estimate] |- |146 |align=left|''{{NFK}}'' ([[Australia]]) |{{convert|35|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,302 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2302/35 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |August 9, 2011 |align=left|[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Norfolk_Island/report.pdf 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200110/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Norfolk_Island/report.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }} |- |147 |align=left|{{IRL}} |{{convert|70,273|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,585,400 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4585400/70273 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 2012 |align=left|[http://www.cso.ie/en/media/csoie/releasespublications/documents/population/2012/popmig_2012.pdf Official estimate] |- |148 |align=left|{{GEO}} |{{convert|69,700|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,490,500 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4490500/69700 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.geostat.ge/index.php?action=page&p_id=152&lang=eng Official estimate] |- |149 |align=left|{{BFA}} |{{convert|270,764|km2|0|disp=table}} |17,322,796 |{{convert|{{#expr: 17322796/270764 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2013 |align=left|[http://www.insd.bf/fr Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120814084502/http://www.insd.bf/fr |date=2012-08-14 }} |- |150 |align=left|''{{TCA}}'' ([[United Kingdom|UK]]) |{{convert|497|km2|0|disp=table}} |31,458 |{{convert|{{#expr: 31458/497 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 25, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/TurksCaicos.html 2012 census result] |- |151 |align=left|''{{COK}}'' ([[New Zealand|NZ]]) |{{convert|237|km2|0|disp=table}} |14,974 |{{convert|{{#expr: 14974/237 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 1, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.mfem.gov.ck/docs/Stats/2012/Census/2011%20Cook%20Islands%20Population%20Census%20Report.pdf Final 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502230514/http://www.mfem.gov.ck/docs/Stats/2012/Census/2011%20Cook%20Islands%20Population%20Census%20Report.pdf |date=2013-05-02 }} |- |152 |align=left|{{ECU}} |{{convert|255,595|km2|0|disp=table}} |{{formatnum: {{#expr: 150000+6.95*{{Age in days|2011|6|15}} round 0}}00}} |{{formatnum: {{#expr: (15000000+695*{{Age in days|2011|6|15}})/255595 round 0}}}} |{{formatnum: {{#expr: (15000000+695*{{Age in days|2011|6|15}})/98686 round 0}}}} |{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}} |align=left|[http://www.inec.gob.ec/proyecciones_poblacionales/relojnew.swf Official population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130121131641/http://www.inec.gob.ec/proyecciones_poblacionales/relojnew.swf |date=2013-01-21 }} |- |153 |align=left|{{MEX}} |{{convert|1,967,138|km2|0|disp=table}} |119,713,203 |{{convert|{{#expr: 119713203/1967138 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.conapo.gob.mx/es/CONAPO/Proyecciones Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130807091233/http://www.conapo.gob.mx/es/CONAPO/Proyecciones |date=2013-08-07 }} |- |154 |align=left|{{GNQ}} |{{convert|28,051|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,622,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1622000/28051 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2010 |align=left|[http://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/estadistica.php Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107063158/https://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/404.shtml |date=2019-01-07 }} |- |155 |align=left|{{TJK}} |{{convert|143,100|km2|0|disp=table}} |8,160,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 8160000/143100 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.stat.tj/en Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306125630/http://www.stat.tj/en/ |date=2012-03-06 }} |- |156 |align=left|{{YEM}} |{{convert|455,000|km2|0|disp=table}} |24,527,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 24527000/455000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2012 |align=left|[http://www.cso-yemen.org/content.php?lng=arabic&id=553 Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923211602/http://www.cso-yemen.org/content.php?lng=arabic&id=553 |date=2015-09-23 }} |- |157 |align=left|{{ERI}} |{{convert|121,100|km2|0|disp=table}} |6,333,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 6333000/121100 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|UN estimate |- |158 |align=left|{{TAN}} |{{convert|883,749|km2|0|disp=table}} |44,928,923 |{{convert|{{#expr: 44928923/883749 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |August 26, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf 2012 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015224549/http://www.nbs.go.tz/sensa/PDF/Census%20General%20Report%20-%2029%20March%202013_Combined_Final%20for%20Printing.pdf |date=2013-10-15 }} |- |159 |align=left|{{NIC}} |{{convert|121,428|km2|0|disp=table}} |6,071,045 |{{convert|{{#expr: 6071045/121428 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 30, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.inide.gob.ni/estadisticas/Cifras%20municipales%20año%202012%20INIDE.pdf Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130502230512/http://www.inide.gob.ni/estadisticas/Cifras%20municipales%20a%C3%B1o%202012%20INIDE.pdf |date=2013-05-02 }} |- |160 |align=left|''{{MSR}}'' ([[United Kingdom|UK]]) |{{convert|102|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,922 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4922/102 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 12, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.gov.ms/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Montserrat-At-A-Glance.pdf 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403071254/http://www.gov.ms/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/Montserrat-At-A-Glance.pdf |date=2019-04-03 }} |- |161 |align=left|''{{WLF}}'' ([[France]]) |{{convert|274|km2|0|disp=table}} |13,135 |{{convert|{{#expr: 13135/274 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=158&Itemid=42&lang=en Official estimate] |- |162 |align=left|{{IRN}} |{{convert|1,648,195|km2|0|disp=table}} |79,926,270 |{{convert|{{#expr: 79926270/1648195 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2016 |align=left|[https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/1/census/2016/Iran_Census_2016_Selected_Results.pdf 2016 census] |- |163 |align=left|{{FJI}} |{{convert|18,333|km2|0|disp=table}} |858,038 |{{convert|{{#expr: 858038/18333 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/Key%20Stats/Population/1.2%20pop%20by%20ethnicity.pdf Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111113144319/http://www.statsfiji.gov.fj/Key%20Stats/Population/1.2%20pop%20by%20ethnicity.pdf |date=2011-11-13 }} |- |164 |align=left|{{PAN}} |{{convert|74,177|km2|0|disp=table}} |3,405,813 |{{convert|{{#expr: 3405813/74177 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 16, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.censos2010.gob.pa/Resultados/cuadros.aspx Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110307170158/http://www.censos2010.gob.pa/Resultados/Cuadros.aspx |date=2011-03-07 }} |- |165 |align=left|{{BLR}} |{{convert|207,600|km2|0|disp=table}} |9,469,200 |{{convert|{{#expr: 9469200/207600 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2014 |align=left|[https://web.archive.org/web/20140729023401/http://belstat.gov.by/en/ofitsialnaya-statistika/otrasli-statistiki/naselenie/demografiya_2/current-data/demographic-situation-in-Half-Year-2014/ Quarterly official estimate] |- |166 |align=left|{{LTU}} |{{convert|65,300|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,944,459 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2944459/65300 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://db1.stat.gov.lt/statbank/selectvarval/saveselections.asp?MainTable=M3010101&PLanguage=1&TableStyle=&Buttons=&PXSId=7743&IQY=&TC=&ST=ST&rvar0=&rvar1=&rvar2=&rvar3=&rvar4=&rvar5=&rvar6=&rvar7=&rvar8=&rvar9=&rvar10=&rvar11=&rvar12=&rvar13=&rvar14= Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819130935/http://db1.stat.gov.lt/statbank/selectvarval/saveselections.asp?MainTable=M3010101&PLanguage=1&TableStyle=&Buttons=&PXSId=7743&IQY=&TC=&ST=ST&rvar0=&rvar1=&rvar2=&rvar3=&rvar4=&rvar5=&rvar6=&rvar7=&rvar8=&rvar9=&rvar10=&rvar11=&rvar12=&rvar13=&rvar14= |date=2010-08-19 }} |- |167 |align=left|{{MNE}} |{{convert|13,812|km2|0|disp=table}} |620,029 |{{convert|{{#expr: 620029/13812 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 1, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.monstat.org/userfiles/file/popis2011/saopstenje/saopstenje%281%29.pdf Final 2011 census result] |- |168 |align=left|{{CMR}} |{{convert|466,050|km2|0|disp=table}} |20,386,799 |{{convert|{{#expr: 20386799/466050 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2012 |align=left|[http://www.stat.cm/downloads/annuaire/2012/Annuaire-2012-chapitre-4.pdf Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180517031000/http://www.stat.cm/downloads/annuaire/2012/Annuaire-2012-chapitre-4.pdf |date=2018-05-17 }} |- |169 |align=left|{{GUI}} |{{convert|245,857|km2|0|disp=table}} |10,628,972 |{{convert|{{#expr: 10628972/245857 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2015 |align=left|[http://www.stat-guinee.org Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712050037/http://www.stat-guinee.org/ |date=2012-07-12 }} |- |170 |align=left|{{RSA}} |{{convert|1,220,813|km2|0|disp=table}} |52,981,991 |{{convert|{{#expr: 52981991/1220813 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|[http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/P0302/P03022013.pdf Official estimate] |- |171 |align=left|{{PLW}} |{{convert|488|km2|0|disp=table}} |20,901 |{{convert|{{#expr: 20901/488 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=158&Itemid=42&lang=en Official estimate] |- |172 |align=left|{{GNB}} |{{convert|36,125|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,520,830 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1520830/36125 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |March 1, 2009 |align=left|[http://www.stat-guinebissau.com Final 2009 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110203014233/http://www.stat-guinebissau.com/ |date=2011-02-03 }} |- |173 |align=left|{{COL}} |{{convert|1,141,748|km2|0|disp=table}} |49,410,553 |{{convert|{{#expr: 49410553/1141748 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |Setyembre 18, 2017 |align=left|[http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/ Official population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180116020433/http://www.dane.gov.co/reloj/ |date=2018-01-16 }} |- |174 |align=left|{{AFG}} |{{convert|645,807|km2|0|disp=table}} |25,500,100 |{{convert|{{#expr: 25500100/645807 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2013 |align=left|[http://cso.gov.af/Content/files/Settled%20Population%20by%20Civil%20Division,.pdf Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120918003706/http://cso.gov.af/Content/files/Settled%20Population%20by%20Civil%20Division,.pdf |date=2012-09-18 }} |- |175 |align=left|''{{CCK}}'' ([[Australia]]) |{{convert|14|km2|0|disp=table}} |550 |{{convert|{{#expr: 550/14 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |August 9, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/Australia-Agglo.html 2011 census result] |- |176 |align=left|{{DJI}} |{{convert|23,000|km2|0|disp=table}} |864,618 |{{convert|{{#expr: 864618/23000 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.ministere-finances.dj/Annuaire2012Ver02102012-Correct3.pdf Official estimate] |- |177 |align=left|{{LBR}} |{{convert|97,036|km2|0|disp=table}} |3,476,608 |{{convert|{{#expr: 3476608/97036 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |March 21, 2008 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/Liberia.html Final 2008 census result] |- |178 |align=left|{{MDG}} |{{convert|587,041|km2|0|disp=table}} |20,696,070 |{{convert|{{#expr: 20696070/587041 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2011 |align=left|[http://www.instat.mg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=33&Itemid=56 Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520005948/http://www.instat.mg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=33&Itemid=56 |date=2011-05-20 }} |- |179 |align=left|''{{SHN}}'' ([[United Kingdom|UK]]) |{{convert|122|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,255 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4255/122 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |February 10, 2008 |align=left|[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Saint_Helena/Saint_Helena.pdf Preliminary 2008 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225035533/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Saint_Helena/Saint_Helena.pdf%20 |date=2018-12-25 }} |- |180 |align=left|''{{FRO}}'' ([[Denmark]]) |{{convert|1,399|km2|0|disp=table}} |48,244 |{{convert|{{#expr: 48244/1399 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 1, 2013 |align=left|[http://www.hagstova.fo/portal/page/portal/HAGSTOVAN/Statistics_%20Faroe_Islands Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511090929/http://www.hagstova.fo/portal/page/portal/HAGSTOVAN/Statistics_%20Faroe_Islands |date=2011-05-11 }} |- |181 |align=left|{{ZWE}} |{{convert|390,757|km2|0|disp=table}} |12,973,808 |{{convert|{{#expr: 12973808/390757 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |August 17, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.zimstat.co.zw/dmdocuments/CensusPreliminary2012.pdf Preliminary 2012 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130903060905/http://www.zimstat.co.zw/dmdocuments/CensusPreliminary2012.pdf |date=2013-09-03 }} |- |182 |align=left|{{USA}} |{{convert|9,833,520|km2|0|disp=table}} |325,904,447 |{{convert|{{#expr: 325904447/9833520 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |Setyembre 18, 2017 |align=left|[http://www.census.gov/popclock Official population clock] |- |183 |align=left|{{VEN}} |{{convert|916,445|km2|0|disp=table}} |28,946,101 |{{convert|{{#expr: 28946101/916445 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 30, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.ine.gob.ve/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=473:para-el-30102011-28946101-total-preliminar-de-personas-en-venezuela&catid=121:censo-2011 Preliminary 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002094142/http://www.ine.gob.ve/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=473:para-el-30102011-28946101-total-preliminar-de-personas-en-venezuela&catid=121:censo-2011 |date=2013-10-02 }} |- |184 |align=left|{{LAT}} |{{convert|64,562|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,005,200 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2005200/64562 round 0}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.csb.gov.lv/en/statistikas-temas/population-key-indicators-30624.html Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130628214416/http://www.csb.gov.lv/en/statistikas-temas/population-key-indicators-30624.html |date=2013-06-28 }} |- |185 |align=left|{{MOZ}} |{{convert|799,380|km2|0|disp=table}} |23,700,715 |{{convert|{{#expr: 23700715/799380 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2012 |align=left|[http://www.ine.gov.mz/Dashboards.aspx Official estimate] |- |186 |align=left|{{COD}} |{{convert|2,345,095|km2|0|disp=table}} |69,360,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 69360000/2345095 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2014 |align=left|UN projection |- |187 |align=left|{{KGZ}} |{{convert|199,945|km2|0|disp=table}} |5,895,100 |{{convert|{{#expr: 5895100/199945 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2015 |align=left|[http://www.stat.kg/media/statisticsoperational/8095e2a8-5228-4645-90e5-4ee025605225.xls Official estimate] |- |188 |align=left|{{EST}} |{{convert|45,339|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,313,271 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1313271/45339 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2015 |align=left|[http://www.stat.ee/main-indicators Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123153505/http://www.stat.ee/main-indicators |date=2012-11-23 }} |- |189 |align=left|{{LAO}} |{{convert|236,800|km2|0|disp=table}} |6,580,800 |{{convert|{{#expr: 6580800/236800 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2013 |align=left|[http://www.nsc.gov.la/Statistics/Selected%20Statistics/Population.htm Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517150036/http://www.nsc.gov.la/Statistics/Selected%20Statistics/Population.htm |date=2012-05-17 }} |- |190 |align=left|{{BHS}} |{{convert|13,940|km2|0|disp=table}} |351,461 |{{convert|{{#expr: 351461/13940 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 3, 2010 |align=left|[http://statistics.bahamas.gov.bs/download/056411800.pdf Final 2010 census result]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |191 |align=left|''{{SPM}}'' ([[France]]) |{{convert|242|km2|0|disp=table}} |6,081 |{{convert|{{#expr: 6081/242 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/france-departements.asp?annee=2010 Official estimate] |- |192 |align=left|{{BRA}} |{{convert|8,515,767|km2|0|disp=table}} |202,768,562 |{{convert|{{#expr: 202768562/8515767 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2014 |align=left|[ftp://ftp.ibge.gov.br/Estimativas_de_Populacao/Estimativas_2014/estimativa_dou_2014.pdf Official estimate] |- |193 |align=left|{{PER}} |{{convert|1,285,216|km2|0|disp=table}} |30,475,144 |{{convert|{{#expr: 30475144/1285216 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 30, 2013 |align=left|[http://www.inei.gob.pe/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/Lib0842/cap03.htm Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120601002017/http://www.inei.gob.pe/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/Lib0842/cap03.htm |date=2012-06-01 }} |- |194 |align=left|{{CHL}} |{{convert|756,096|km2|0|disp=table}} |16,634,603 |{{convert|{{#expr: 16634603/756096 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 9, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.censo.cl/contenido/sintesis_resultados_censo_2012.pdf Final 2012 census result]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |195 |align=left|{{VUT}} |{{convert|12,190|km2|0|disp=table}} |264,652 |{{convert|{{#expr: 264652/12190 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=158&Itemid=42&lang=en Official estimate] |- |196 |align=left|{{SWE}} |{{convert|449,964|km2|0|disp=table}} |9,747,355 |{{convert|{{#expr: 9747355/449964 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.scb.se/en_/Finding-statistics/Statistics-by-subject-area/Population/Population-composition/Population-statistics Monthly official estimate] |- |197 |align=left|{{BTN}} |{{convert|38,394|km2|0|disp=table}} |{{formatnum: {{#expr: 720000+36*{{Age in days|2012|4|16}} round 0}}}} |{{formatnum: {{#expr: (720000+36*{{Age in days|2012|4|16}})/38394 round 1}}}} |{{formatnum: {{#expr: (720000+36*{{Age in days|2012|4|16}})/14824 round 0}}}} |{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}, {{CURRENTYEAR}} |align=left|[http://www.nsb.gov.bt/main/main.php#&slider1=1 Official population clock]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |198 |align=left|{{URU}} |{{convert|176,215|km2|0|disp=table}} |3,286,314 |{{convert|{{#expr: 3286314/176215 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |Setyembre 30, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.ine.gub.uy/censos2011/index.html Final 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112153208/http://www.ine.gub.uy/censos2011/index.html |date=2012-01-12 }} |- |199 |align=left|''{{ALA}}'' ([[Finland]]) |{{convert|1,552|km2|0|disp=table}} |28,502 |{{convert|{{#expr: 28502/1552 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 31, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.asub.ax/start.con?iLan=2 Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115211225/http://www.asub.ax/start.con?iLan=2 |date=2016-11-15 }} |- |200 |align=left|{{SLB}} |{{convert|28,370|km2|0|disp=table}} |515,870 |{{convert|{{#expr: 515870/28370 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |November 23, 2009 |align=left|[http://www.spc.int/prism/solomons 2009 census result] |- |201 |align=left|{{FIN}} |{{convert|338,424|km2|0|disp=table}} |5,460,459 |{{convert|{{#expr: 5460459/303893 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 30, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.stat.fi/til/vrm_en.html Monthly official estimate] |- |202 |align=left|{{SSD}} |{{convert|644,329|km2|0|disp=table}} |11,296,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 11296000/644329 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|UN estimate |- |203 |align=left|{{ZMB}} |{{convert|752,612|km2|0|disp=table}} |13,092,666 |{{convert|{{#expr: 13092666/752612 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 16, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/Zambia.html Final 2010 census result] |- |204 |align=left|{{SDN}} |{{convert|1,839,542|km2|0|disp=table}} |30,894,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 30894000/1839542 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 22, 2008 |align=left|[http://southsudaninfo.net/wp-content/uploads/reference_library/reports/5th_sudan_census26_april_2009.pdf 2008 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520025735/http://southsudaninfo.net/wp-content/uploads/reference_library/reports/5th_sudan_census26_april_2009.pdf |date=2013-05-20 }} |- |205 |align=left|{{NZL}} |{{convert|268,680|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,817,424 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4817424/268680 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |Setyembre 19, 2017 |align=left|[http://www.stats.govt.nz/methods_and_services/population_clock.aspx Official population clock] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100604223109/http://www.stats.govt.nz/methods_and_services/population_clock.aspx |date=2010-06-04 }} |- |206 |align=left|{{ANG}} |{{convert|1,246,700|km2|0|disp=table}} |20,609,294 |{{convert|{{#expr: 20609294/1246700 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2012 |align=left|[http://www.ine.gov.ao Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151126193220/http://www.ine.gov.ao/ |date=2015-11-26 }} |- |207 |align=left|{{PRY}} |{{convert|406,752|km2|0|disp=table}} |6,672,631 |{{convert|{{#expr: 6672631/406752 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2012 |align=left|[http://www.dgeec.gov.py/sub_index/Pobreza/Paraguay%20Evolucion%20de%20la%20Poblacion%20Total%20Periodo%201950-2002%20Proyeccion%202012.pdf Official estimate] |- |208 |align=left|{{ALG}} |{{convert|2,381,741|km2|0|disp=table}} |38,700,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 38700000/2381741 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |January 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.ons.dz/-Demographie-.html Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306220607/http://www.ons.dz/-Demographie-.html |date=2012-03-06 }} |- |209 |align=left|{{NOR}} |{{convert|323,782|km2|0|disp=table}} |5,063,709 |{{convert|{{#expr: 5063709/323782 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |March 31, 2013 |align=left|[http://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/folkendrkv/kvartal Quarterly official estimate] |- |210 |align=left|{{PNG}} |{{convert|462,840|km2|0|disp=table}} |7,398,500 |{{convert|{{#expr: 7398500/462840 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|[http://www.spc.int/sdd/index.php/en/downloads/doc_download/736-population-datasheet-jan-2014 Annual official estimate] |- |211 |align=left|''{{CXR}}'' ([[Australia]]) |{{convert|137|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,072 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2072/137 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |August 9, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/Australia-Agglo.html 2011 census result] |- |212 |align=left|{{SOM}} |{{convert|637,657|km2|0|disp=table}} |9,331,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 9331000/637657 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/Somalia.html Official estimate] |- |213 |align=left|{{NER}} |{{convert|1,186,408|km2|0|disp=table}} |17,129,076 |{{convert|{{#expr: 17129076/1186408 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |December 10, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.stat-niger.org/statistique/file/rgph2012.pdf Preliminary 2012 census result] |- |214 |align=left|{{ARG}} |{{convert|2,780,400|km2|0|disp=table}} |40,117,096 |{{convert|{{#expr: 40117096/2780400 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |October 27, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.indec.gov.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/novedades/gacetilla_01_09_11.pdf Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034527/http://www.indec.gov.ar/nuevaweb/cuadros/novedades/gacetilla_01_09_11.pdf |date=2015-09-24 }} |- |215 |align=left|{{BLZ}} |{{convert|22,965|km2|0|disp=table}} |324,528 |{{convert|{{#expr: 324528/22965 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |May 12, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.sib.org.bz/Portals/0/docs/publications/census/2010_Census_Report.pdf Final 2010 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127084833/http://www.sib.org.bz/Portals/0/docs/publications/census/2010_Census_Report.pdf |date=2016-01-27 }} |- |216 |align=left|{{SAU}} |{{convert|2,149,690|km2|0|disp=table}} |29,994,272 |{{convert|{{#expr: 29994272/2149690 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |2013 |align=left|[http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/english Annual official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919225542/http://www.cdsi.gov.sa/english |date=2012-09-19 }} |- |217 |align=left|''{{NCL}}'' ([[France]]) |{{convert|18,575|km2|0|disp=table}} |258,958 |{{convert|{{#expr: 258958/18575 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|[http://www.spc.int/sdp/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=158&Itemid=42&lang=en Official estimate] |- |218 |align=left|{{OMN}} |{{convert|309,500|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,183,841 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4183841/309500 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |June 9, 2015 |align=left|[http://www.ncsi.gov.om/NCSI_website Weekly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140530052708/http://www.ncsi.gov.om/NCSI_website |date=2014-05-30 }} |- |219 |align=left|{{COG}} |{{convert|342,000|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,448,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4448000/342000 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|UN estimate |- |220 |align=left|{{MLI}} |{{convert|1,248,574|km2|0|disp=table}} |14,528,662 |{{convert|{{#expr: 14528662/1248574 round 1}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |April 1, 2009 |align=left|[http://instat.gov.ml Final 2009 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120413171022/http://www.instat.gov.ml/ |date=2012-04-13 }} |- |221 |align=left|{{TKM}} |{{convert|491,210|km2|0|disp=table}} |5,240,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 5240000/491210 round 1}}|/km2|1|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|UN estimate |- |222 |align=left|{{BOL}} |{{convert|1,098,581|km2|0|disp=table}} |10,389,913 |{{convert|{{#expr: 10389913/1098581 round 2}}|/km2|1|disp=table}} |November 21, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.ine.gob.bo/pdf/boletin/NP_2013_2.pdf Preliminary 2012 census result] |- |223 |align=left|{{TCD}} |{{convert|1,284,000|km2|0|disp=table}} |11,274,106 |{{convert|{{#expr: 11274106/1284000 round 2}}|/km2|1|disp=table}} |May 20, 2009 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/Chad.html Preliminary 2009 census result] |- |224 |align=left|{{RUS}} |{{convert|17,075,400|km2|0|disp=table}} |143,700,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 143700000/17075400 round 2}}|/km2|1|disp=table}} |January 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/B13_00/IssWWW.exe/Stg/dk11/8-0.htm Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140213200830/http://www.gks.ru/bgd/free/b13_00/IssWWW.exe/Stg/dk11/8-0.htm |date=2014-02-13 }} |- |225 |align=left|{{CAF}} |{{convert|622,436|km2|0|disp=table}} |4,616,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 4616000/622436 round 2}}|/km2|1|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|UN estimate |- |226 |align=left|{{GAB}} |{{convert|267,667|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,672,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1672000/267667 round 2}}|/km2|1|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|UN estimate |- |227 |align=left|{{KAZ}} |{{convert|2,724,900|km2|0|disp=table}} |17,186,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 17186000/2724900 round 2}}|/km2|0|disp=table}} |February 1, 2014 |align=left|[http://www.eng.stat.kz/Pages/default.aspx Monthly official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117231623/http://www.eng.stat.kz/Pages/default.aspx |date=2014-01-17 }} |- |228 |align=left|''{{NIU}}'' ([[New Zealand|NZ]]) |{{convert|261|km2|0|disp=table}} |1,613 |{{convert|{{#expr: 1613/261 round 2}}|/km2|1|disp=table}} |Setyembre 10, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/Niue.html Final 2011 census result] |- |229 |align=left|{{GUY}} |{{convert|214,999|km2|0|disp=table}} |784,894 |{{convert|{{#expr: 784894/214999 round 2}}|/km2|2|disp=table}} |2010 |align=left|[http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Guyana_Population_Projections_2005-2025.pdf Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202031300/http://www.statisticsguyana.gov.gy/pubs/Guyana_Population_Projections_2005-2025.pdf |date=2017-02-02 }} |- |230 |align=left|{{CAN}} |{{convert|9,984,670|km2|0|disp=table}} |38,591,241 |{{convert|{{#expr: 38591241/9984670round 2}}|/km2|2|disp=table}} |April 1, 2017 |align=left|[http://www.statcan.gc.ca/start-debut-eng.html Official estimate] |- |231 |align=left|{{LBY}} |{{convert|1,770,060|km2|0|disp=table}} |6,202,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 6202000/1770060 round 2}}|/km2|2|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|UN estimate |- |232 |align=left|{{BWA}} |{{convert|581,730|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,024,904 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2024904/581730 round 2}}|/km2|2|disp=table}} |August 22, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.cso.gov.bw/media/2011%20Census%20_Alphabetical%20Index%20of%20Districts.pdf Final 2011 census result] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525113252/http://www.cso.gov.bw/media/2011%20Census%20_Alphabetical%20Index%20of%20Districts.pdf |date=2013-05-25 }} |- |233 |align=left|{{MTN}} |{{convert|1,030,700|km2|0|disp=table}} |3,461,041 |{{convert|{{#expr: 3461041/1030700 round 2}}|/km2|2|disp=table}} |2013 |align=left|[http://www.ons.mr/doc/publication/Projectionpopulation.pdf Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925151255/http://www.ons.mr/doc/publication/Projectionpopulation.pdf |date=2015-09-25 }} |- |234 |align=left|{{SUR}} |{{convert|163,820|km2|0|disp=table}} |534,189 |{{convert|{{#expr: 534189/163820 round 2}}|/km2|2|disp=table}} |August 13, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/Suriname.html Preliminary 2012 census result] |- |235 |align=left|{{ISL}} |{{convert|102,800|km2|0|disp=table}} |329,740 |{{convert|{{#expr: 329740/102800 round 2}}|/km2|2|disp=table}} |May 11, 2015 |align=left|[http://www.statice.is Official estimate] |- |236 |align=left|{{AUS}} |{{convert|7,741,220|km2|0|disp=table}} |24,656,427 |{{convert|{{#expr: 24656427/7741220 round 2}}|/km2|2|disp=table}} |Setyembre 18, 2017 |align=left|[http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs%40.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/1647509ef7e25faaca2568a900154b63?OpenDocument Official estimate] |- |237 |align=left|''{{GUF}}'' ([[France]]) |{{convert|86,504|km2|0|disp=table}} |229,040 |{{convert|{{#expr: 229040/86504 round 2}}|/km2|2|disp=table}} |January 1, 2010 |align=left|[http://www.insee.fr/fr/ppp/bases-de-donnees/recensement/populations-legales/france-regions.asp Official estimate] |- |238 |align=left|{{NAM}} |{{convert|825,118|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,113,077 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2113077/825118 round 2}}|/km2|2|disp=table}} |August 28, 2011 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/Namibia.html Final 2011 census result] |- |239 |align=left|{{ESH}}<ref>Administration is split between [[Morocco]] and the [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]], both of which claim the entire territory.</ref> |{{convert|252,120|km2|0|disp=table}} |567,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 567000/252120 round 2}}|/km2|2|disp=table}} |July 1, 2013 |align=left|UN estimate |- |240 |align=left|{{MNG}} |{{convert|1,564,100|km2|0|disp=table}} |3,000,000 |{{convert|{{#expr: 3000000/1564100 round 2}}|/km2|2|disp=table}} |January 24, 2015 |align=left|[http://www.infomongolia.com/ct/ci/6068 Official estimate] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924034911/http://www.infomongolia.com/ct/ci/6068 |date=2015-09-24 }} |- |241 |align=left|''{{PCN}}'' ([[United Kingdom|UK]]) |{{convert|47|km2|0|disp=table}} |56 |{{convert|{{#expr: 56/47 round 2}}|/km2|2|disp=table}} |2013 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/Pitcairn.html 2013 census result] |- |242 |align=left|''{{FLK}}'' ([[United Kingdom|UK]])<ref>Islands claimed by [[Argentina]].</ref> |{{convert|12,173|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,563 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2563/12173 round 2}}|/km2|2|disp=table}} |April 15, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.falklands.gov.fk/our-people 2012 census result] |- |243 |align=left|''{{SJM}}'' ([[Norway]]) |{{convert|61,399|km2|0|disp=table}} |2,655 |{{convert|{{#expr: 2655/61399 round 2}}|/km2|2|disp=table}} |Setyembre 1, 2012 |align=left|[http://www.citypopulation.de/Svalbard.html Official estimate] |- |244 |align=left|''{{GRL}}'' ([[Denmark]]) |{{convert|2,166,000|km2|0|disp=table}} |55,984 |{{convert|{{#expr: 55984/2166000 round 2}}|/km2|2|disp=table}} |January 1, 2015 |align=left|[http://www.stat.gl/default.asp?lang=en Official estimate] |- !Pos.!!Country (or dependent territory)!!Area (km²)!!Area (mi²)!!Population!!Density<br>(pop./km²)!!Density<br>(pop./mi²)!!Date!!Population source |} == Tingnan din == * [[Talaan ng mga bansa]] * [[Talaan ng mga kabansaan]] * [[Tala ng mga bansa ayon sa populasyon]] * [[Tala ng mga bansa ayon sa GDP (PPP) bawat kapita]] == Mga sanggunian at talababa == <references/> [[Kategorya:Talaan ng mga bansa]] sog37dpwxp1k9nlpza04rjszng1hswr 0 36676 2210255 2207814 2026-06-03T19:08:57Z ~2026-32582-74 162572 /* Mga Mekaniko */ 2210255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox animanga/Header | name = Zenderman | image = | caption = | ja_kanji = ゼンダマン | ja_romaji = Zendaman | genre = [[Comedy]], [[Fantasy]], [[Mecha]] }} {{Infobox animanga/Anime | title = Zenderman (ゼンダマン) | director = [[Hiroshi Sasagawa]] | studio = [[Tatsunoko Production]] | network = [[Fuji TV]] | first_aired = 1979 | last_aired = 1980 | first_aired = 3 Pebrero 1979 | last_aired = 26 Enero 1980 | num_episodes = 52 }} {{Infobox animanga/Footer}} Ang '''{{nihongo|Zenderman|ゼンダマン|Zendaman}}''' ay ang ika-3 na [[seryeng Time Bokan]] sa [[anime]]. Produksiyon ng [[Tatsunoko Production]]. Nagkaroon ito ng 52 na kabanata at ipinalabas sa Hapon sa estasyong [[Fuji TV]] noong 3 Pebrero 1979 hanggang 26 Enero 1980. Iyon ay sumunod sa "[[Yatterman]]" at sinundan ng "[[Otasukeman]]". Mga musiko Masayuki Yamamoto tanggapin man palabas ang kanyang karakter samantala "Zenda-Lion" at "Zenda-Kotora". ==Kuwento== Doktor Monja ay isang [[siyentipiko]] na kakaiba tungkol sa mga katangian ng maalamat [[Salamankang gamot]] ng Buhay na kung saan bibigyan ng inumin na walang hanggan lifetimes at magpakailanman kabataan. Siya na binuo ng isang aparato na tinatawag na "Oras na Tunel" upang hayaan ang isang pangkat ng mga youngsters upang simulan ang isang paghahanap down ang takdang-panahon at sa iba't-ibang mga puwang upang mahanap ang isang eksaktong sagot. Ang tatlong magkakasama ng mga villains, gayunpaman, ay tila baga matapos ang parehong bagay. Sino ang makakakuha muna ito?<ref name="tatsunoko.co.jp">{{cite web |url=http://www.tatsunoko.co.jp/works/zendaman/zendaman.html |title=ゼンダマン |accessdate=2008-08-27 |work=[[Tatsunoko Production]] |publisher= |date= |archive-date=2009-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218002833/http://www.tatsunoko.co.jp/works/zendaman/zendaman.html |url-status=dead }}{{jp icon}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tatsunoko.co.jp/english/box05.html#5 |title= Tatsunoko Pro|accessdate=2008-08-27 |work=[[Tatsunoko Production]] |publisher= |date=}}</ref> ==Awiting Tema ng Zenderman== *Pagbubukas na Awit # "''Zenderman no Uta''" (ゼンダマンの歌) ni [[Ken Fujii]] (藤井健) *Pagtatapos na Awit # "''Koremata Akudaman''" (これまたアクダマン) ni [[Masayuki Yamamoto]] (山本まさゆき) ==Mga nagboboses sa Wikang Hapon== * [[Yūji Mitsuya]] - {{nihongo|Tetsu|鉄ちゃん}} * [[Masayuki Yamamoto]] - {{nihongo|Zenda-Lion|ゼンダライオン}} / {{nihongo|Zenda-Kotora|ゼンダコトラ}} * [[Kumiko Takizawa]] - {{nihongo|Sakura|さくらちゃん}} * [[Yōko Asagami]] → [[Ai Sakuma]] - {{nihongo|Amattaman|アマッタン}} * [[Kouhei Miyauchi]] - {{nihongo|Dr. Monja|紋者博士|Monja-hakase}} * [[Noriko Ohara]] - {{nihongo|Muujo|ムージョ}} * [[Jouji Yanami]] - {{nihongo|Tobocke|トボッケー}} * [[Kazuya Tatekabe]] - {{nihongo|Donjuro|ドンジューロー}} * [[Masaru Ikeda]] - {{nihongo|Nyaravolta|ニャラボルタ}} * [[Yoshito Miyamura]] - {{nihongo|Referee Machine|サイバンマシーン}} * [[Kei Tomiyama]] - Narrator (ナレーター) ==Mga Mekaniko== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ |- !n. || Pretty Cure || Anno || Risultato ||Posizione di merito |- | 1 |bgcolor= "#FFA500" | '''Futari wa Pretty Cure''' | 2004-2005 |bgcolor= "yellow" | Promossa con lode |bgcolor= "#CD7232"| 3ª |- | 2 |bgcolor= "#F4C430" | '''Pretty Cure MAX Heart''' | 2005-2006 |bgcolor= "yellow" | Promossa con lode |4ª |- | 3 |bgcolor= "#FF9933" | '''Pretty Cure Splash⭐️Star''' | 2006-2007 |bgcolor= "yellow" | Promossa con lode |6ª |- | 4 |bgcolor= "#FC0FC0" | '''YES! Pretty Cure 5''' | 2007-2008 |bgcolor= "yellow" | Promossa con lode |bgcolor= "silver" | 2ª |- | 5 |bgcolor= "#007FFF" | '''YES! Pretty Cure 5 GoGo!''' | 2008-2009 |bgcolor= "yellow" | Promossa con lode |bgcolor= "gold" | 1ª |- | 6 |bgcolor= "#DF73FF" | '''Fresh Pretty Cure!''' | 2009-2010 |bgcolor= "yellow" | Promossa con lode |5ª |- | 7 |bgcolor= "#E0B0FF" | '''HeartCatch Pretty Cure!''' | 2010-2011 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |10ª |- | 8 |bgcolor= "#FFFF66" | '''Suite Pretty Cure♪''' | 2011-2012 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |18ª |- | 9 |bgcolor= "#FF6088" | '''Smile Pretty Cure!''' | 2012-2013 |bgcolor= "orange" | Promossa con riserva |23ª |- | 10 |bgcolor= "#DB7093" | '''DokiDoki! Pretty Cure''' | 2013-2014 |bgcolor= "#CD5C5C" | Bocciata |24ª |- | 11 |bgcolor= "#9370DB" | '''HappinessCharge Pretty Cure!''' | 2014-2015 |bgcolor= "salmon" | Espulsa |25ª |- | 12 |bgcolor= "#FF007F" | '''Go! Princess Pretty Cure''' | 2015-2016 |bgcolor= "yellow" | Promossa con lode |7ª |- | 13 |bgcolor= "#9966CC" | '''Witchy Pretty Cure!''' | 2016-2017 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |14ª |- | 14 |bgcolor= "hotpink" | '''KiraKira ⭐️ Pretty Cure À La Mode''' | 2017-2018 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |19ª |- | 15 |bgcolor= "#FFB3BA" | '''HUGtto! Pretty Cure''' | 2018-2019 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |15ª |- | 16 |bgcolor= "#1560BD" | '''Star⭐️Twinkle Pretty Cure''' | 2019-2020 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |16ª |- | 17 |bgcolor= "#E52B50" | '''Healin' Good ♥ Pretty Cure''' | 2020-2021 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |13ª |- | 18 |bgcolor= "#00CCCC" | '''Tropical-Rouge! Pretty Cure''' | 2021-2022 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |17ª |- | 19 |bgcolor= "#FFD800" | '''Delicious Party ♡ Pretty Cure''' | 2022-2023 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |22ª |- | 20 |bgcolor= "#FC6C85" | '''Pretty Cure Full Bloom''' | 2023 |bgcolor= | | |- | 21 |bgcolor= "skyblue" | '''Hirogaru Sky! Pretty Cure''' | 2023-2024 |bgcolor= "yellow" | Promossa con lode |9ª |- | 22 |bgcolor= "#7FFFD4" | '''Wonderful Pretty Cure!''' | 2024-2025 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |11ª |- | 23 |bgcolor= "#00A86B" | '''Witchy Pretty Cure!! Mirai Days!''' | 2025 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |21ª |- | 24 |bgcolor= "#DA70D6" | '''You and Idol Pretty Cure♪''' | 2025-2026 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |12ª |- | 25 |bgcolor= "#CD5700" | '''Star Detective Pretty Cure''' | 2026-2027 |bgcolor= "yellow" | Promossa con lode |8ª |} * '''Zenderman''': * '''Akudaman''': ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} ==Mga ugnayang panlabas== * [http://www.tatsunoko.co.jp/works/zendaman/zendaman.html Zenderman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218002833/http://www.tatsunoko.co.jp/works/zendaman/zendaman.html |date=2009-02-18 }} sa Tatsunoko Production * [http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/anime.php?id=1750 Zenderman] sa [[Anime News Network]] {{Time Bokan}} [[Kategorya:Anime]] [[Kategorya:Mga serye ng anime]] [[Kategorya:Time Bokan]] [[Kategorya:Mga serye sa telebisyon]] {{stub}} 1pejurzux6ded5b6267gsr5tm1l1ysd 2210256 2210255 2026-06-03T19:12:23Z ~2026-32582-74 162572 /* Mga Mekaniko */ 2210256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox animanga/Header | name = Zenderman | image = | caption = | ja_kanji = ゼンダマン | ja_romaji = Zendaman | genre = [[Comedy]], [[Fantasy]], [[Mecha]] }} {{Infobox animanga/Anime | title = Zenderman (ゼンダマン) | director = [[Hiroshi Sasagawa]] | studio = [[Tatsunoko Production]] | network = [[Fuji TV]] | first_aired = 1979 | last_aired = 1980 | first_aired = 3 Pebrero 1979 | last_aired = 26 Enero 1980 | num_episodes = 52 }} {{Infobox animanga/Footer}} Ang '''{{nihongo|Zenderman|ゼンダマン|Zendaman}}''' ay ang ika-3 na [[seryeng Time Bokan]] sa [[anime]]. Produksiyon ng [[Tatsunoko Production]]. Nagkaroon ito ng 52 na kabanata at ipinalabas sa Hapon sa estasyong [[Fuji TV]] noong 3 Pebrero 1979 hanggang 26 Enero 1980. Iyon ay sumunod sa "[[Yatterman]]" at sinundan ng "[[Otasukeman]]". Mga musiko Masayuki Yamamoto tanggapin man palabas ang kanyang karakter samantala "Zenda-Lion" at "Zenda-Kotora". ==Kuwento== Doktor Monja ay isang [[siyentipiko]] na kakaiba tungkol sa mga katangian ng maalamat [[Salamankang gamot]] ng Buhay na kung saan bibigyan ng inumin na walang hanggan lifetimes at magpakailanman kabataan. Siya na binuo ng isang aparato na tinatawag na "Oras na Tunel" upang hayaan ang isang pangkat ng mga youngsters upang simulan ang isang paghahanap down ang takdang-panahon at sa iba't-ibang mga puwang upang mahanap ang isang eksaktong sagot. Ang tatlong magkakasama ng mga villains, gayunpaman, ay tila baga matapos ang parehong bagay. Sino ang makakakuha muna ito?<ref name="tatsunoko.co.jp">{{cite web |url=http://www.tatsunoko.co.jp/works/zendaman/zendaman.html |title=ゼンダマン |accessdate=2008-08-27 |work=[[Tatsunoko Production]] |publisher= |date= |archive-date=2009-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218002833/http://www.tatsunoko.co.jp/works/zendaman/zendaman.html |url-status=dead }}{{jp icon}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tatsunoko.co.jp/english/box05.html#5 |title= Tatsunoko Pro|accessdate=2008-08-27 |work=[[Tatsunoko Production]] |publisher= |date=}}</ref> ==Awiting Tema ng Zenderman== *Pagbubukas na Awit # "''Zenderman no Uta''" (ゼンダマンの歌) ni [[Ken Fujii]] (藤井健) *Pagtatapos na Awit # "''Koremata Akudaman''" (これまたアクダマン) ni [[Masayuki Yamamoto]] (山本まさゆき) ==Mga nagboboses sa Wikang Hapon== * [[Yūji Mitsuya]] - {{nihongo|Tetsu|鉄ちゃん}} * [[Masayuki Yamamoto]] - {{nihongo|Zenda-Lion|ゼンダライオン}} / {{nihongo|Zenda-Kotora|ゼンダコトラ}} * [[Kumiko Takizawa]] - {{nihongo|Sakura|さくらちゃん}} * [[Yōko Asagami]] → [[Ai Sakuma]] - {{nihongo|Amattaman|アマッタン}} * [[Kouhei Miyauchi]] - {{nihongo|Dr. Monja|紋者博士|Monja-hakase}} * [[Noriko Ohara]] - {{nihongo|Muujo|ムージョ}} * [[Jouji Yanami]] - {{nihongo|Tobocke|トボッケー}} * [[Kazuya Tatekabe]] - {{nihongo|Donjuro|ドンジューロー}} * [[Masaru Ikeda]] - {{nihongo|Nyaravolta|ニャラボルタ}} * [[Yoshito Miyamura]] - {{nihongo|Referee Machine|サイバンマシーン}} * [[Kei Tomiyama]] - Narrator (ナレーター) ==Mga Mekaniko== {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ |- !n. || Pretty Cure || Anno || Risultato ||Posizione di merito |- | 1 |bgcolor= "#FFA500" | '''Futari wa Pretty Cure''' | 2004-2005 |bgcolor= "yellow" | Promossa con lode |bgcolor= "#CD7232"| 3ª |- | 2 |bgcolor= "#F4C430" | '''Pretty Cure MAX Heart''' | 2005-2006 |bgcolor= "yellow" | Promossa con lode |4ª |- | 3 |bgcolor= "#FF9933" | '''Pretty Cure Splash⭐️Star''' | 2006-2007 |bgcolor= "yellow" | Promossa con lode |6ª |- | 4 |bgcolor= "#FC0FC0" | '''YES! Pretty Cure 5''' | 2007-2008 |bgcolor= "yellow" | Promossa con lode |bgcolor= "silver" | 2ª |- | 5 |bgcolor= "#007FFF" | '''YES! Pretty Cure 5 GoGo!''' | 2008-2009 |bgcolor= "yellow" | Promossa con lode |bgcolor= "gold" | 1ª |- | 6 |bgcolor= "#DF73FF" | '''Fresh Pretty Cure!''' | 2009-2010 |bgcolor= "yellow" | Promossa con lode |5ª |- | 7 |bgcolor= "#E0B0FF" | '''HeartCatch Pretty Cure!''' | 2010-2011 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |10ª |- | 8 |bgcolor= "#FFFF66" | '''Suite Pretty Cure♪''' | 2011-2012 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |18ª |- | 9 |bgcolor= "#FF6088" | '''Smile Pretty Cure!''' | 2012-2013 |bgcolor= "orange" | Promossa con riserva |23ª |- | 10 |bgcolor= "#DB7093" | '''DokiDoki! Pretty Cure''' | 2013-2014 |bgcolor= "#CD5C5C" | Bocciata |24ª |- | 11 |bgcolor= "#9370DB" | '''HappinessCharge Pretty Cure!''' | 2014-2015 |bgcolor= "#CD5C5C" | Bocciata |25ª |- | 12 |bgcolor= "#FF007F" | '''Go! Princess Pretty Cure''' | 2015-2016 |bgcolor= "yellow" | Promossa con lode |7ª |- | 13 |bgcolor= "#9966CC" | '''Witchy Pretty Cure!''' | 2016-2017 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |14ª |- | 14 |bgcolor= "hotpink" | '''KiraKira ⭐️ Pretty Cure À La Mode''' | 2017-2018 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |19ª |- | 15 |bgcolor= "#FFB3BA" | '''HUGtto! Pretty Cure''' | 2018-2019 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |15ª |- | 16 |bgcolor= "#1560BD" | '''Star⭐️Twinkle Pretty Cure''' | 2019-2020 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |16ª |- | 17 |bgcolor= "#E52B50" | '''Healin' Good ♥ Pretty Cure''' | 2020-2021 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |13ª |- | 18 |bgcolor= "#00CCCC" | '''Tropical-Rouge! Pretty Cure''' | 2021-2022 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |17ª |- | 19 |bgcolor= "#FFD800" | '''Delicious Party ♡ Pretty Cure''' | 2022-2023 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |22ª |- | 20 |bgcolor= "#FC6C85" | '''Pretty Cure Full Bloom''' | 2023 |bgcolor= | | |- | 21 |bgcolor= "skyblue" | '''Hirogaru Sky! Pretty Cure''' | 2023-2024 |bgcolor= "yellow" | Promossa con lode |9ª |- | 22 |bgcolor= "#7FFFD4" | '''Wonderful Pretty Cure!''' | 2024-2025 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |11ª |- | 23 |bgcolor= "#00A86B" | '''Witchy Pretty Cure!! Mirai Days!''' | 2025 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |21ª |- | 24 |bgcolor= "#DA70D6" | '''You and Idol Pretty Cure♪''' | 2025-2026 |bgcolor= "springgreen" | Promossa |12ª |- | 25 |bgcolor= "#CD5700" | '''Star Detective Pretty Cure''' | 2026-2027 |bgcolor= "yellow" | Promossa con lode |8ª |} * '''Zenderman''': * '''Akudaman''': ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} ==Mga ugnayang panlabas== * [http://www.tatsunoko.co.jp/works/zendaman/zendaman.html Zenderman] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090218002833/http://www.tatsunoko.co.jp/works/zendaman/zendaman.html |date=2009-02-18 }} sa Tatsunoko Production * [http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/anime.php?id=1750 Zenderman] sa [[Anime News Network]] {{Time Bokan}} [[Kategorya:Anime]] [[Kategorya:Mga serye ng anime]] [[Kategorya:Time Bokan]] [[Kategorya:Mga serye sa telebisyon]] {{stub}} infayftob43k4jqfogfz1hxrjj9qx60 0 54752 2210252 1883042 2026-06-03T18:41:15Z InternetArchiveBot 113521 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2210252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{TaekwondoAt2008SummerOlympics}} [[Talaksan:Taekwondo 2008.gif|left|180px]] Ang mga paligsahang '''[[Taekwondo]] sa [[Palarong Olimpiko sa Tag-init 2008]] sa [[Beijing]]''' ay gaganapin mula Agosto 20 hanggang Agosto 23. Ang mga paligsahan ay gaganapin sa Pook-pampalakasan ng Pamantasang Pang-agham at Teknolohiya ng Beijing. {{-}} == Mga kaganapan == Ang mga 8 pangkat ng mga medalya ay igagawad sa mga sumusunod na kaganapan: * [[:en:Taekwondo at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Men's 58 kg|-58kg Lalaki]] * [[:en:Taekwondo at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Men's 68 kg|59-68kg Lalaki]] * [[:en:Taekwondo at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Men's 80 kg|69-80kg Lalaki]] * [[:en:Taekwondo at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Men's +80 kg|+80kg Lalaki]] * [[:en:Taekwondo at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Women's 49 kg|-49kg Babae]] * [[:en:Taekwondo at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Women's 57 kg|50-57kg Babae]] * [[:en:Taekwondo at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Women's 67 kg|57-67kg Babae]] * [[:en:Taekwondo at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Women's +67 kg|+67kg Babae]] == Ayos ng paligsahan == Ang paligsahang taekwondo sa Palarong Olimpiko ay binubuo ng isang [[pangisahang pag-aalis]] na paligsahan. Nagawa ang mga pagbabago nang nagpasya ang IOC na igawad ang dalawang tansong medalya sa Olimpikong Beijing 2008. Gayumpaman, ang sistemang repechage ay mananatili at ang pagkakaiba na kung saan ang mga parehong nanalo ng mga kani-kanilang labang repechage ay matatanggap ng isang tansong medalya [http://www.wtf.org/site/wtf/notice.htm?realnum=149&page=9&keyword=&part=&mode=view|1] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081211094932/http://www.wtf.org/site/wtf/notice.htm?realnum=149&page=9&keyword=&part=&mode=view%7C1 |date=2008-12-11 }} == Buod ng medalya == === Talahanayan ng medalya === {| {{RankedMedalTable|class=wikitable sortable}} |- | 1 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|KOR|Tag-init 2008}} || 3 || 0 || 0 || 3 |- | 2 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|CHN|Tag-init 2008}} || 1 || 0 || 1 || 2 |- | 3 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|MEX|Tag-init 2008}} || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 |- | 3 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|IRI|Tag-init 2008}} || 1 || 0 || 0 || 1 |- | 5 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|USA|Tag-init 2008}} || 0 || 1 || 2 || 3 |- | 6 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|TUR|Tag-init 2008}} || 0 || 1 || 1 || 2 |- | 7 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|CAN|Tag-init 2008}} || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 |- | 7 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|DOM|Tag-init 2008}} || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 |- | 7 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|ITA|Tag-init 2008}} || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 |- | 7 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|THA|Tag-init 2008}} || 0 || 1 || 0 || 1 |- | 11 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|TPE|Tag-init 2008}} || 0 || 0 || 2 || 2 |- | 12 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|CRO|Tag-init 2008}} || 0 || 0 || 2 || 2 |- | 13 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|AFG|Tag-init 2008}} || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 |- | 13 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|CUB|Tag-init 2008}} || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 |- | 13 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|FRA|Tag-init 2008}} || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 |- | 13 ||align=left| {{flagIOCteam|VEN|Tag-init 2008}} || 0 || 0 || 1 || 1 |- class="sortbottom" !colspan=2| Kabuuan || 6 || 6 || 12 || 24 |} === Kaganapang panlalaki === {| {{MedalistTable|type=Kaganapan}} |- |rowspan=2| [[:en:Taekwondo at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Men's 58 kg|Timbang-lipad (58 kg)]] |rowspan=2| {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Guillermo Pérez]]|MEX|Tag-init 2008}} |rowspan=2| {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Yulis Gabriel Mercedes]]|DOM|Tag-init 2008}} | {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Rohullah Nikpai]]|AFG|Tag-init 2008}} |- | {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Chu Mu-Yen]]|TPE|Tag-init 2008}} |- |rowspan=2| [[:en:Taekwondo at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Men's 68 kg|Timbang na magaan (68 kg)]] |rowspan=2| {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Son Tae-Jin]]|KOR|Tag-init 2008}} |rowspan=2| {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Mark Lopez]]|USA|Tag-init 2008}} | {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Servet Tazegül]]|TUR|Tag-init 2008}} |- | {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Sung Yu-Chi]]|TPE|Tag-init 2008}} |- |rowspan=2| [[:en:Taekwondo at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Men's 80 kg|Timbang-gitna (80 kg)]] |rowspan=2|{{flagIOCmedalist|[[Hadi Saei]]|IRI|Tag-init 2008}} |rowspan=2|{{flagIOCmedalist|[[Mauro Sarmiento]]|ITA|Tag-init 2008}} |{{flagIOCmedalist|[[Zhu Guo]]|CHN|Tag-init 2008}} |- |{{flagIOCmedalist|[[Steven Lopez]]|USA|Tag-init 2008}} |- |rowspan=2| [[:en:Taekwondo at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Men's +80 kg|Timbang na mabigat (+80 kg)]] |rowspan=2|{{flagIOCmedalist|[[Cha Dong-Min]]|KOR|Tag-init 2008}} |rowspan=2|{{flagIOCmedalist|[[Alexandros Nikolaidis]]|GRE|Tag-init 2008}} |{{flagIOCmedalist|[[Chika Chukwumerije]]|NGR|Tag-init 2008}} |- |} === Kaganapang pambabae === {| {{MedalistTable|type=Kaganapan}} |- |rowspan=2| [[:en:Taekwondo at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Women's 49 kg|Timbang-lipad (49 kg)]] |rowspan=2| {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Wu Jingyu]]|CHN|Tag-init 2008}} |rowspan=2| {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Buttree Puedpong]]|THA|Tag-init 2008}} | {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Daynellis Montejo]]|CUB|Tag-init 2008}} |- | {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Dalia Contreras]]|VEN|Tag-init 2008}} |- |rowspan=2| [[:en:Taekwondo at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Women's 57 kg|Timbang na magaan (57 kg)]] |rowspan=2| {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Lim Su-Jeong]]|KOR|Tag-init 2008}} |rowspan=2| {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Azize Tanrıkulu]]|TUR|Tag-init 2008}} | {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Diana Lopez]]|USA|Tag-init 2008}} |- | {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Martina Zubčić]]|CRO|Tag-init 2008}} |- |rowspan=2| [[:en:Taekwondo at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Women's 67 kg|Timbang-gitna (67 kg)]] |rowspan=2| {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Hwang Kyung-Seon]]|KOR|Tag-init 2008}} |rowspan=2| {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Karine Sergerie]]|CAN|Tag-init 2008}} | {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Gwladys Épangue]]|FRA|Tag-init 2008}} |- | {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Sandra Šarić]]|CRO|Tag-init 2008}} |- |rowspan=2| [[:en:Taekwondo at the 2008 Summer Olympics - Women's +67 kg|Timbang na mabigat (+67 kg)]] |rowspan=2|{{flagIOCmedalist|[[Maria del Rosario Espinoza|Maria Espinoza]]|MEX|Tag-init 2008}} |rowspan=2| {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Nina Solheim]]|NOR|Tag-init 2008}} | {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Sarah Stevenson]]|GBR|Tag-init 2008}} |- | {{flagIOCmedalist|[[Natália Falavigna]]|BRA|Tag-init 2008}} |} == Sanggunian == * [http://www.wtf.org/ Pandaigdigang Pederasyon ng Taekwondo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208141436/http://www.wtf.org/ |date=2009-02-08 }} {{Palarong Olimpiko sa Tag-init 2008}} [[Kategorya:Mga palakasan sa Palarong Olimpiko sa Tag-init 2008]] 1u1wdlqw22ymylt15nnz8hlyu5h1m1k 0 60819 2210269 2210200 2026-06-03T22:47:58Z ~2026-33073-41 162577 /* */ Updated 2210269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Political post | post = Pangulo | body = Senado ng Pilipinas | flag = | flagsize = | flagborder = | flagcaption = | insignia = Sagisag ng Senado ng Pilipinas.png | insigniasize = 125px | insigniacaption = [[Sagisag ng Senado ng Pilipinas]] | image = Senator Sherwin Gatchalian (2025) (cropped).jpg | imagesize = 220px | incumbent = [[Sherwin Gatchalian]] | incumbentsince = Hunyo 3, 2026 | style = G. Pangulo<br><small>(Habang namumuno sa Senado)</small><br>Kagalang-galang<br><small>(Pormal)</small> |appointer = Inihalal ng [[Senado ng Pilipinas]] |termlength = |formation = Ika-16 ng Oktubre, 1916 |succession = Pangalawa sa [[Pampanguluhang hanay ng paghalili ng Pilipinas|Pampanguluhang Hanay ng Paghalili]] |inaugural = [[Manuel L. Quezon]] |website = [http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/roll.htm Senado] |acting = y }} {{Politika ng Pilipinas}} Ang '''Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas''' ([[Wikang Ingles|Inggles]]: ''President of the Senate of the Philippines'') ay ang tagapangulo ng [[Senado ng Pilipinas]] at siya ring pinakamataas ng opisyal ng naturang kapulungan. Kasunod ng [[Pangulo ng Pilipinas|Pangulo]] at [[Pangalawang pangulo ng Pilipinas|Pangalawang Pangulo]] ang Pangulo ng Senado ang ikatlong pinakamataas na opisyal ng [[Pilipinas]], at itinatadhanang gumanap bilang Pangulo ng bansa sa panahong wala pang napipili o naging marapat na Pangulo o Pangalawang Pangulo, o sakaling sila ay kapwa mamatay o pamalagiang mabalda.<ref>{{cite web| title = Sek. 7, Art. VII, 1987 Konstitusyon ng Pilipinas| url = http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/ang-konstitusyon-ng-republika-ng-pilipinas-1987| accessdate = 10 Hulyo 2017| publisher = GOV.PH| archive-date = 8 Hulyo 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170708065015/http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/ang-konstitusyon-ng-republika-ng-pilipinas-1987/| url-status = dead}}</ref> Batay sa mga Alituntunin ng Senado, ang Pangulo ng Senado gaya ng iba pa nitong opisyal—[[Pangulo ng Senado Pro Tempore ng Pilipinas|Pangulo ng Senado Pro Tempore]], Kalihim, at Sergeant-at-Arms—ay kailangang ihalal ng mayorya ng kabuoang bilang ng Senado na nangangahulugang dapat maihalal nang may 13 boto man lang,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.senate.gov.ph/about/Rules%20of%20the%20Senate.pdf|title=Sec. 2, Rules of the Senate of the Philippines | publisher = [[Senate of the Philippines]]| language = Ingles| accessdate = 10 Hulyo 2017}}</ref> at di-gaya ng Kalihim at Sergeant-at-Arms ng Senado, ang Pangulo ng Senado ay karaniwang isa sa mga kasapi nito o ay isa ring senador, bagaman hindi ito tuwirang itinatakda sa [[Saligang-batas ng Pilipinas|saligang-batas]].<ref>{{cite web| title = Sek. 16, Art. VI, 1987 Konstitusyon ng Pilipinas| url = http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/ang-konstitusyon-ng-republika-ng-pilipinas-1987| accessdate = 10 Hulyo 2017| publisher = GOV.PH| archive-date = 8 Hulyo 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170708065015/http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/ang-konstitusyon-ng-republika-ng-pilipinas-1987/| url-status = dead}}</ref> Ang kasalukuyang Pangulo ng Senado ay si [[Alan Peter Cayetano]], na nahalal noong 11 Mayo 2026, sa pagpapatuloy ng [[Ika-20 Kongreso ng Pilipinas|Ika-20 Kongreso]]. ==Tala ng mga naging Pangulo ng Senado== Itinatag ang Senado ay nabuo noong 1916 sa pagbabago ng [[Komisyon ng Pilipinas]]. Ang Senado at ang Mababang Kapulungan ang bumubuo sa lehislatura ng [[Pilipinas]]. Lahat ng Senador mula 1941 ay inihahalal [[at-large]], na ang buong [[Pilipinas]] ay magkakasamang bumubuto. <div style="-moz-column-count:3; -webkit-column-count:3; column-count:3; text-align:left; padding:0.2em;"> {{legend|#D3D3D3|No party affiliation|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#98fb98|[[Partido Nacionalista (Pilipinas)|Nacionalista]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#f0e68c|[[Partido Liberal (Pilipinas)|Liberal]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#F08080|[[Kilusang Bagong Lipunan]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#ffd700|[[Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#4AA02C|[[Nationalist People's Coalition]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#ffa500|[[Partido ng Masang Pilipino]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend|#FFA07A|[[Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} </div> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! Bilang ! colspan=2|Pangalan Pangulo ng Senado ! Partido ! Lehislatibo ! Simula ng serbisyo ! Katapusan ng serbisyo ! Panahon |- |rowspan=7|1 |rowspan=7 style="background:#98fb98"| |rowspan=7| [[Manuel L. Quezon]] |rowspan=7| [[Nacionalista Party|NP]] |[[Ika-4 na Lehislatura ng Pilipinas|Ika-4 na LP]] |1916 |1919 |rowspan=7| Batas ni Jones |- |[[Ika-5 Lehislatura ng Pilipinas|Ika-5 LP]] |1919 |1922 |- |[[Ika-6 na Lehislatura ng Pilipinas|Ika-6 na LP]] |1922 |1925 |- |[[Ika-7 Lehislatura ng Pilipinas|Ika-7 LP]] |1925 |1928 |- |[[Ika-8 Lehislatura ng Pilipinas|Ika-8 LP]] |1928 |1931 |- |[[Ika-9 na Lehislatura ng Pilipinas|Ika-9 na LP]] |1931 |1934 |- |[[Ika-10 Lehislatura ng Pilipinas|Ika-10 LP]] |1934 |1935 |- |colspan=7 align=left| *Ang Senado at ang mababang kapulungan ay pinagsama sa unikameral [[Pambansang Asambleya ng Pilipinas]] noong 1935 panahon nang Komonwelt. Napalitan ito nang bikameral Komenwelt Kongreso (KK) noong 1945. *Para sa pinuno ng Pambansang Asambleya, tignan ang [[Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives#List of Presiding Officers|Ispiker ng Pambansang Asambleya]]. |rowspan=3| [[Komenwelt ng Pilipinas|Komonwelt]] |- |2 | style="background:#98fb98"| |[[Manuel Roxas]] |[[Nacionalista Party|NP-Liberal Wing]] | [[Ika-1 Komenwelt ng Pilipinas|Ika-1 KK]] | 9 Hulyo 1945 | 30 Disyembre 1946 |- |rowspan=2|3 |rowspan=2 style="background:#f0e68c"| |rowspan=2|[[Jose Avelino]] |rowspan=3| [[Liberal Party (Philippines)|LP]] | [[1st Congress of the Philippines|Ika-1 KP]] | 25 Mayo 1946 | 4 Hulyo 1946 |- |rowspan=2| [[Ika-1 Kongreso ng Pilipinas|Ika-1 KP]] | 5 Hulyo 1946 | 21 Pebrero 1949 | rowspan=15| [[Ikatlong Republika ng Pilipinas]] |- |rowspan=2|4 |rowspan=2 style="background:#f0e68c"| |rowspan=2| [[Mariano Jesús Cuenco]] | 21 Pebrero 1949 | 30 Disyembre 1949 |- |rowspan=2| [[Liberal Party (Philippines)|LP]] |rowspan=6| [[Ika-2 Kongreso ng Pilipinas|Ika-2 KP]] | 30 Disyembre 1949 | 5 Marso 1952 |- |5 |style="background:#f0e68c"| |[[Quintin Paredes]] | 5 Marso 1952 | 17 Abril 1952 |- |6 |style="background:#98fb98"| |[[Camilo Osías]] (panahon ika-1) |rowspan=7| [[Nacionalista Party|NP]] | 17 Abril 1952 | 30 Abril 1952 |- |7 |style="background:#98fb98"| |[[Eulogio Rodriguez]] (panahon ika-1) | 30 Abril 1952 | 17 Abril 1953 |- |8 |style="background:#98fb98"| |[[Camilo Osias]] (panahon ika-2) | 30 Abril 1953 | 20 Mayo 1953 |- |9 |style="background:#98fb98"| |[[Jose Zulueta]] | 20 Mayo 1953 | 30 Disyembre 1953 |- |rowspan=3|10 |rowspan=3 style="background:#98fb98"| |rowspan=3|[[Eulogio Rodriguez]] (panahon ika-2) | [[Ika-3 Kongreso ng Pilipinas|Ika-3 KP]] | 25 Enero 1954 | 30 Disyembre 1957 |- | [[Ika-4 na Kongreso ng Pilipinas|Ika-4 na KP]] | 27 Enero 1958 | 30 Disyembre 1961 |- | rowspan=2| [[Ika-5 Kongreso ng Pilipinas|Ika-5 KP]] | 22 Enero 1957 | 5 Abril 1963 |- |11 | style="background:#f0e68c"| |[[Ferdinand Marcos|Ferdinand E. Marcos]] |[[Liberal Party (Philippines)|LP]] | 5 Abril 1963 | 30 Disyembre 1965 |- |12 | style="background:#98fb98"| | [[Arturo Tolentino|Arturo M. Tolentino]] | rowspan=3| [[Nacionalista Party|NP]] | rowspan=2| [[Ika-6 na Kongreso ng Pilipinas|Ika-6 na KP]] | 17 Enero 1966 | 26 Enero 1967 |- |rowspan=2|13 |rowspan=2 style="background:#98fb98"| |rowspan=2| [[Gil Puyat]] | 26 Enero 1967 | 30 Disyembre 1969 |- | [[Ika-7 Kongreso ng Pilipinas|Ika-7 KP]] | 26 Enero 1970 | 23 Setyembre 1972 |- |colspan=7 align=left| *Ang gawaing panglehislatura ng Kongreso ay napunta sa [[Pangulo ng Pilipinas|Pangulo]] mula 1972 hanggang 1978 nang ang unikameral [[Batasang Pambansa]] ay nabuo noong ikaapat na republika. *For leaders of the Batasang Pambansa, see [[Speaker of the Philippine House of Representatives#List of Speakers of the Batasang Pambansa|Ispiker ng Batasang Pambansa]]. *Pagkatapos nang [[Rebolusyon ng ESDA 1986]], ang pangulo ang humahawak sa kapangayarihang panglehislatura hanggang sa manumbalik ang bikameral kongreso na pwede nang mahalal sa posisyon. | [[Ikaapat na Republika ng Pilipinas]] |- |14 | style="background:#f0e68c"| | [[Jovito Salonga]] | [[Liberal Party (Philippines)|LP]] |rowspan=2| [[Ika-8 Kongreso ng Pilipinas|Ika-8 KP]] | 27 Hulyo 1987 | 18 Enero 1992 |rowspan=27|[[Ikalimang Republika ng Pilipinas]] |- |rowspan=2|15 |rowspan=2 style="background:#ffd700"| |rowspan=2| [[Neptali Gonzales]] (panahon ika-1) |rowspan=5| [[Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino|LDP]] | 18 Enero 1987 | 30 Hunyo 1992 |- |rowspan=2|[[Ika-9 na Kongreso ng Pilipinas|Ika-9 na KP]] | 27 Hunyo 1992 | 18 Enero 1993 |- |rowspan=2|16 |rowspan=2 style="background:#ffd700"| |rowspan=2| [[Edgardo Angara]] | 18 Enero 1993 | 30 Hunyo 1995 |- |rowspan=4|[[Ika-10 Kongreso ng Pilipinas|Ika-10 KP]] | 24 Hulyo 1995 | 28 Agosto 1995 |- |17 |style="background:#ffd700"| |[[Neptali Gonzales]] (panahon ika-2) | 29 Agosto 1995 | 10 Oktubre 1996 |- |18 |style="background:#4AA02C"| |[[Ernesto Maceda]] |[[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 10 Oktubre 1996 | 26 Enero 1998 |- |19 |style="background:#ffd700"| |[[Neptali Gonzales]] (panahon ika-3) |rowspan=2|[[Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino|LDP]] | 26 Enero 1998 | 30 Hunyo 1998 |- |20 |style="background:#ffd700"| |[[Marcelo Fernan]] |rowspan=4|[[Ika-11 Kongreso ng Pilipinas|Ika-11 KP]] | 27 Hulyo 1998 | 28 Hunyo 1999 |- |21 |style="background:#ffa500"| |[[Blas Ople]] |rowspan=2|[[Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino|LAMMP]] | 29 Hunyo 1999 | 12 Abril 2000 |- |22 |style="background:#ffa500"| |[[Franklin Drilon]] (panahon ika-1) | 12 Abril 2000 | 13 Nobyembre 2000 |- |rowspan=2|23 |rowspan=2 style="background:#FFA07A"| |rowspan=2|[[Aquilino Pimentel]] |rowspan=2|[[Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan|PDP-LABAN]] | 13 Nobyembre 2000 | 30 Hunyo 2001 |- |rowspan=2|[[Ika-12 Kongreso ng Pilipinas|Ika-12 KP]] | 23 Hulyo 2001 | 23 Hulyo 2004 |- |rowspan=2|24 |rowspan=2 style="background:#f0e68c"| |rowspan=2| [[Franklin Drilon]] (panahon ika-2) |rowspan=2| [[Liberal Party (Philippines)|LP]] | 23 Hulyo 2004 | 30 Hunyo 2004 |- |rowspan=2|[[Ika-13 Kongreso ng Pilipinas|Ika-13 KP]] | 24 Hulyo 2004 | 24 Hulyo 2006 |- |rowspan=2|25 |rowspan=2 style="background:#98fb98"| |rowspan=2| [[Manny Villar]] |rowspan=2|[[Nacionalista Party|NP]] | 24 Hulyo 2006 | 30 Hunyo 2007 |- |rowspan=2|[[Ika-14 na Kongreso ng Pilipinas|Ika-14 na KP]] | 23 Hulyo 2007 | 17 Nobyembre 2008 |- |rowspan=2|26 |rowspan=2 style="background:#ffa500"| |rowspan=2|[[Juan Ponce Enrile]] |rowspan=2|[[Partido ng Masang Pilipino|PMP]] | 17 Nobyembre 2008 | 26 Hulyo 2010 |- |[[Ika-15 Kongreso ng Pilipinas|Ika-15 KP]] | 26 Hulyo 2010 | 5 Hunyo 2013 |- |27 | style="background:#f0e686"| | [[Franklin Drilon]] (panahon ika-3) | [[Liberal Party (Philippines)| LP]] |[[Ika-16 Kongreso ng Pilipinas|Ika-16 na KP]] | 5 Hunyo 2013 | 30 Hunyo 2016 |- |28 | style="background:#FFA07A"| | [[Aquilino Pimentel III]] | [[Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng Bayan|PDP-LABAN]] | rowspan=2|[[Ika-17 Kongreso sa Pilipinas|Ika-17 KP]] | 25 Hulyo 2016 | 21 May 2018 |- | rowspan=2|29 | rowspan=2 style="background:#4AA02C| | rowspan=2|[[Vicente Sotto III]] | rowspan=2|[[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 21 Mayo 2018 | 4 Hunyo 2019 |- |[[Ika-18 Kongreso sa Pilipinas|Ika-18 KP]] | 4 Hunyo 2019 | 30 Hunyo 2022 |- |30 | style="background:#D3D3D3| | [[Juan Miguel Zubiri]] | Independyente | rowspan=2|[[Ika-19 Kongreso sa Pilipinas|Ika-19 KP]] | 25 Hulyo 2022 | 20 Mayo 2024 |- |31 | rowspan=2 style="background:#4AA02C| | [[Francis Escudero]] | rowspan=2|[[Nationalist People's Coalition|NPC]] | 20 Mayo 2024 | 8 Setyembre 2025 |- |32 | [[Vicente Sotto III]] | rowspan=2|[[Ika-20 Kongreso sa Pilipinas|Ika-20 KP]] | 8 Setyembre 2025 | 11 Mayo 2026 |- |33 | style="background:#D3D3D3| | [[Alan Peter Cayetano]] | Independyente | 11 Mayo 2026 | 3 June 2026 |} ==Timeline== <timeline> ImageSize = width:800 height:auto barincrement:13 PlotArea = top:10 bottom:60 right:130 left:20 AlignBars = late DateFormat = mm/dd/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1916 till:12/31/2026 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1920 Colors = id:Vacant value:black id:None value:black id:abolished value:black id:NP value:drabgreen legend:Nacionalista id:LP value:dullyellow legend:Liberal id:UNIDO value:blue legend:LDP id:PDP value:yelloworange legend:PDP-Laban id:LAMMP value:orange legend:LAMMP/PMP id:NPC value:green legend:NPC id:Ind value:gray(0.9) legend:Independent id:linemark value:gray(0.8) id:linemark2 value:gray(0.9) Legend = columns:1 left:120 top:25 columnwidth:200 BarData = barset:sen barset:Marcos barset:sen2 barset:Drilon barset:sen3 PlotData= width:5 align:left fontsize:S shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:sen from:10/16/1916 till:03/04/1935 text:"Manuel Quezon" color:NP from:03/04/1935 till:07/09/1945 text:"Abolished" color:abolished from:07/09/1945 till:12/30/1946 text:"Manuel Roxas" color:NP from:05/25/1946 till:02/21/1949 text:"Jose Avelino" color:LP from:02/21/1949 till:12/30/1951 text:"Mariano Cuenco" color:LP from:03/05/1952 till:04/17/1952 text:"Quentin Paredes" color:LP from:04/17/1952 till:04/30/1952 text:"Camilo Osias" color:NP from:04/30/1952 till:04/17/1953 text:"Eulogio Rodriguez" color:NP from:04/30/1953 till:05/20/1953 text:"Camilo Osias" color:LP from:05/20/1953 till:12/30/1953 text:"Jose Zulueta" color:LP from:01/25/1954 till:04/03/1963 text:"Eulogio Rodriguez" color:NP barset:Marcos from:04/03/1963 till:04/01/1964 color:LP barset:break from:04/01/1964 till:12/30/1965 color:NP text:"Ferdinand Marcos" barset:sen2 from:01/17/1966 till:01/26/1967 text:"Arturo Tolentino" color:NP from:01/26/1967 till:11/23/1972 text:"Gil Puyat" color:NP from:11/23/1972 till:07/27/1987 text:"Abolished" color:abolished from:07/27/1987 till:01/18/1992 text:"Jovito Salonga" color:LP from:01/18/1992 till:01/18/1993 text:"Neptali Gonzales" color:UNIDO from:01/18/1993 till:08/28/1995 text:"Edgardo Angara" color:UNIDO from:08/29/1995 till:10/10/1996 text:"Neptali Gonzales" color:UNIDO from:10/10/1996 till:01/28/1998 text:"Ernesto Maceda" color:NPC from:01/26/1998 till:06/30/1998 text:"Neptali Gonzales" color:UNIDO from:07/27/1998 till:06/28/1999 text:"Marcelo Fernan" color:UNIDO from:06/29/1999 till:04/12/2000 text:"Blas Ople" color:LAMMP from:04/12/2000 till:11/13/2000 text:"Franklin Drilon" color:LAMMP from:11/13/2000 till:07/23/2001 text:"Aquilino Pimentel Jr." color:PDP barset:Drilon from:07/23/2001 till:07/24/2003 color:Ind barset:break from:07/24/2003 till:07/24/2006 color:LP text:"Franklin Drilon" barset:sen3 from:07/24/2006 till:11/17/2008 text:"Manny Villar" color:NP from:11/17/2008 till:06/05/2013 text:"Juan Ponce Enrile" color:LAMMP from:06/05/2013 till:07/22/2013 text:"Jinggoy Estrada" color:LAMMP from:07/22/2013 till:06/30/2016 text:"Franklin Drilon" color:LP from:07/22/2016 till:05/21/2018 text:"Aquilino Pimentel III" color:PDP from:05/21/2018 till:06/30/2022 text:"Vicente Sotto III" color:NPC from:07/25/2022 till:05/20/2024 text:"Juan Miguel Zubiri" color:Ind from:05/20/2024 till:09/08/2025 text:"Francis Escudero" color:NPC from:09/08/2025 till:05/11/2026 text:"Vicente Sotto III" color:NPC from:05/11/2026 till:06/03/2026 text:"Alan Peter Cayetano" color:Ind </timeline> ==Tingnan din== *[[Politika sa Pilipinas]] *[[Senado ng Pilipinas]] *[[Mga pinuno ng Floor sa Senado ng Pilipinas]] *[[Pro-Tempore ng Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas]] *[[Pinuno ng Mayorya sa Senado ng Pilipinas]] *[[Pinuno ng Minorya sa Senado ng Pilipinas]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panlabas na kawil== *[http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/senlist.htm Tala ng mga Senador ng Pilipinas] *[http://www.senate.gov.ph/senators/roll.htm Tala ng mga Pangulo ng Senado] *[http://www.senate.gov.ph Senate of the Philippines] {{Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas}} {{Senado ng Pilipinas}} [[Kategorya:Senado ng Pilipinas]] [[Kategorya:Pangulo ng Senado ng Pilipinas]] pk7rikvr2bauc4bbfh2njcjq8vzah54 0 76019 2210276 1845894 2026-06-03T23:51:17Z Aubreyjanev 159817 Nagdagdag ng impormasyon na may sanggunian 2210276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{BLP unsourced|date=Marso 2021}} {{Infobox First Lady |name = Michelle Obama |image name = Michelle Obama 2013 official portrait.jpg |imagesize = 225px |caption = Michelle Obama noong 2013 |office = Unang Ginang ng Estados Unidos |term_start = Enero 20, 2009 |term_end =Enero 20, 2017 |president = [[Barack Obama]] |predecessor = [[Laura Bush]] |successor = [[Melania Trump]] |birth_date = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1964|1|17}} |birth_place = {{city-state|Chicago|Illinois}} |birthname = Michelle LaVaughn Robinson |death_date = |death_place = |nationality = Amerikano |party = Demokratiko |spouse = [[Barack Obama]] (k. 1992) |relations = |children = [[Malia at Sasha Obama]] |residence = Chicago, Illinois |alma_mater = [[Princeton University]]<br />[[Harvard Law School]] |occupation = |profession = [[Abogado]] |net worth = |religion = [[Kristiyano]] |website = |footnotes = }} Si '''Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama''' (ipinanganak [[Enero 17]], 1964) ika-46 Unang Ginang ng [[Estados Unidos]] mula [[2009]] hanggang [[2017]] bilang asawa ng Dating [[Pangulo ng Estados Unidos]] na si [[Barack Obama]]. Siya ang kauna-unahang Unang Ginang na Aprikano-Amerikano. Sinundan siya ni [[Melania Trump]]. Noong 2015, inilunsad niya ang programang Let Girls Learn, na naglalayon na matulungan ang mga babae na makapag-aral<ref>{{Cite web |title=Michelle Obama – The White House |url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/about-the-white-house/first-ladies/michelle-obama/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov}}</ref>. [[Kategorya:Estados Unidos]] {{stub}} czwp3s3ed9f2hem4v1hm2capqwv9ljc 0 91631 2210236 2204269 2026-06-03T16:51:15Z InternetArchiveBot 113521 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2210236 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang '''Sheol''' (Ingles: ''Sheol'') [[Wikang Hebreo]] {{Hebrew|שְׁאוֹל}} ''Šʾôl'') na isinalin bilang "libingan", "hukay" o "tirahan ng mga namatay" ay ang kinikilalang [[tirahan ng mga patay]] o [[mundong ilalim]] sa paniniwalang Hudyo. Ito ang lugar na patutunguhan ng mga namatay(Kaw. 9:18) ng parehong mga matuwid(hal. Awit 49:15) at mga masama(hal. Awit 9:17).<ref name=Biblia>{{cite-Biblia|Tirahan ng mga patay, Seol}}, pahina 63.</ref> ==Mga salin== Sa saling Griyegong [[Septuagint]] ng Hebreong [[Tanakh]], ang sheol ay isinalin ng 61 sa 65 beses na Griyegong ''[[Hades]]'', 2 beses na thanatos(kamatayan) at 2 beses nang hindi isinalin. Sa ika-17 na siglong salin ng [[Bibliya]] sa Ingles na [[King James Version]], ang ''Sheol'' sa Lumang Tipan ay isinalin na "[[impiyerno]]"(hell) ng 31 beses, <ref>Deut. 32:22, Deut. 32:36a & 39, II Sam. 22:6, Job 11:8, Job 26:6, Psalm 9:17, Psalm 16:10, Psalm 18:5, Psalm 55:15, Psalm 86:13, Ps. 116:3, Psalm 139:8, Prov. 5:5, Prov. 7:27, Prov. 9:18, Prov. 15:11, Prov. 15:24, Prov. 23:14, Prov. 27:20, Isa. 5:14, Isa. 14:9, Isa. 14:15, Isa. 28:15, Isa. 28:18, Isa. 57:9, Ezek. 31:16, Ezek. 31:17, Ezek. 32:21, Ezk. 32:27, Amos 9:2, Jonah 2:2, Hab. 2:5</ref> "libingan"(grave) ng 31 beses<ref> Gen. 37:35, Gen. 42:38, Gen. 44:29, Gen. 44:31, I Sam. 2:6, I Kings 2:6, I Kings 2:9, Job 7:9, Job 14:13, Job 17:13, Job 21:13, Job 24:19, Psalm 6:5, Psalm 30:3, Psalm 31:17, Psalm 49:14, Psalm 49:14, Psalm 49:15, Psalm 88:3, Psalm 89:48, Prov. 1:12, Prov. 30:16, Ecc. 9:10, Song 8:6, Isa. 14:11, Isa. 38:10, Isa. 38:18, Ezek. 31:15, Hosea 13:14, Hosea 13:14, Psalm 141:7</ref> at "hukay"(pit) ng 3 beses.<ref>Num. 16:30, Num. 16:33, Job 17:16</ref> Sa mga modernong [[salin ng Bibliya]], ang sheol ay hindi isinalin na impiyerno kundi "libingan", "hukay" at "kamatayan". ==Mga talata sa Lumang Tipan== ===Kinaroroonan ng Sheol=== *Isaias 14:12, "Ang iyong kahambugan ay nababa sa Sheol pati ng tunog ng iyong mga biola: ang uod ay nangangalat sa ilalim mo, at tinatakpan ka ng mga uod." *Job 17:13-16, "Kung aking hanapin ang Sheol na parang aking bahay; kung aking ilatag ang aking higaan sa kadiliman: Kung sinabi ko sa kapahamakan: ikaw ay aking ama: sa uod: ikaw ay aking ina, at aking kapatid na babae; Nasaan nga ang aking pagasa? At tungkol sa aking pagasa, sinong makakakita? Lulusong sa mga pangawan ng Sheol, pagtataglay ng kapahingahan sa alabok." *Genesis 37:35, "At nagsitindig ang lahat niyang mga anak na lalake at babae upang siya'y aliwin; datapuwa't tumanggi siyang maaliw; at kaniyang sinabi, Sapagka't bababa akong tumatangis sa aking anak hanggang sa Sheol. At tinangisan siya ng kaniyang ama." *Genesis 44:29, "At kung inyong kunin pa ang isang ito sa akin, at may mangyaring sakuna sa kaniya, ay inyong ibababa ang aking uban sa Sheol na may kapanglawan." *Bilang 16:29-34, "Kung ang mga taong ito ay mamatay sa karaniwang kamatayan ng lahat ng tao, o kung sila'y dalawin ayon sa karaniwang pagdalaw sa lahat ng tao; ay hindi nga ako sinugo ng Panginoon. Nguni't kung ang Panginoon ay lumikha ng isang bagong bagay, na anopa't ibuka ng lupa ang kaniyang bibig, at sila'y lamunin, sangpu ng buong nauukol sa kanila, at sila'y ibabang mga buhay sa Sheol; ay inyo ngang mapagkikilala na minungkahi ng mga taong ito ang Panginoon. At nangyari, na pagkatapos na masalita niya ang lahat ng salitang ito, na ang lupa na nasa ilalim nila ay bumuka: At ibinuka ng lupa ang kaniyang bibig at nilamon sila, at ang kanilang mga sangbahayan, at ang lahat ng lalake na nauukol kay Core, at lahat ng kanilang pag-aari. Na anopa't sila at lahat ng nauukol sa kanila, ay nababang buhay sa Sheol: at sila'y pinagtikuman ng lupa, at sila'y nalipol sa gitna ng kapisanan. At ang buong Israel na nasa palibot nila ay tumakas sa hiyaw nila; sapagka't kanilang sinabi, Baka pati tayo'y lamunin ng lupa. ===Mga nasa Sheol=== *Job 30:23, "Sapagka't talastas ko na iyong dadalhin ako sa kamatayan, at sa bahay na takda sa lahat na may buhay. " *Awit 89:48, "Sinong tao ang mabubuhay at hindi makakakita ng kamatayan, na magliligtas ng kaniyang kaluluwa sa kapangyarihan ng Sheol? (Selah)" *Awit 141:7, "Gaya ng kung inaararo at nabubungkal ang lupa, gayon ang aming mga buto ay nangangalat sa bibig ng Sheol." *Isaias 14:9, "Ang Sheol mula sa ibaba ay nakikilos sa iyo upang salubungin ka sa iyong pagdating; nangapupukaw ang mga patay dahil sa iyo, sa makatuwid baga'y ang lahat na pinakapangulo sa lupa; nagsitindig mula sa kanilang mga luklukan ang lahat ng hari ng mga bansa." *Awit 139:8, "Kung sumampa ako sa langit, nandiyan ka: kung gawin ko ang aking higaan sa Sheol, narito, ikaw(Panginoon) ay nandoon." ===Panahon sa Sheol=== *Job 7:9, "Kung paanong ang ulap ay napapawi at nawawala, gayon siyang bumababa sa Sheol ay hindi na aahon pa." *Awit 30:3, " Oh Panginoon, iyong isinampa ang aking kaluluwa mula sa Sheol: iyong iningatan akong buhay, upang huwag akong bumaba sa hukay."(Maaring ito ay piguratibo dahil hindi siya literal na namatay o inilibing). *Job 10:21-22, "Bago ako manaw doon na hindi ako babalik, sa lupain ng kadiliman at ng lilim ng kamatayan; Ang lupain na dilim, na gaya ng salimuot na kadiliman; lupain ng lilim ng kamatayan, na walang anomang ayos, at doon sa ang liwanag ay gaya ng salimuot na kadiliman." *1 Samuel 2:6, "Ang Panginoo'y pumapatay, at bumubuhay: Siya ang nagbababa sa Sheol, at nagsasampa. " ===Kalagayan ng mga nasa Sheol=== *Awit 6:5, "Sapagka't sa kamatayan ay walang alaala sa iyo; sa Sheol ay sinong mangagpapasalamat sa iyo?" *Awit 31:17, "Huwag nawa akong mapahiya, Oh Panginoon; sapagka't ako'y tumawag sa iyo: mapahiya nawa ang masama, magsitahimik nawa sila sa Sheol." *Eclesiastes 9:10, "Anomang masumpungang gawain ng iyong kamay, gawin mo ng iyong kapangyarihan; sapagka't walang gawa, ni katha man, ni kaalaman man, ni karunungan man, sa Sheol, na iyong pinaparunan." *Isaias 38:18, "Sapagka't hindi ka maaring purihin ng Sheol, hindi ka maaring ipagdiwang ng kamatayan! Silang nagsisibaba sa hukay ay hindi makaaasa sa iyong katotohanan." *Awit 88:10-12, "Magpapakita ka ba ng mga kababalaghan sa mga patay? Sila bang mga patay ay magsisibangon, at magsisipuri sa iyo? (Selah) Ang iyo bang kagandahang-loob ay ipahahayag sa libingan? O ang iyong pagtatapat sa kagibaan? Malalaman ba ang mga kababalaghan mo sa dilim? At ang katuwiran mo sa lupain ng pagkalimot? " *Awit 115:17, "Ang patay ay hindi pumupuri sa Panginoon, ni sinomang nabababa sa katahimikan;" *Awit 94:17, "Kundi ang Panginoon ay naging aking katulong, ang kaluluwa ko'y tumahang madali sana sa katahimikan." *Ezekiel 32:21, Ang malakas sa gitna ng makapangyarihan ay magsasalita sa kaniya na mula sa gitna ng Sheol na kasama ng nagsitulong sa kaniya: sila'y nagsibaba, sila'y nangakatigil, sa makatuwid baga'y ang mga hindi tuli, na nangapatay ng tabak. *Awit 116:3, " Ang tali ng kamatayan ay pumulupot sa akin, at ang mga sakit ng Sheol ay nagsihawak sa akin: aking nasumpungan ang kabagabagan at kapanglawan. " *Isaias 14:10, "Silang lahat ay magsisisagot at mangagsasabi sa iyo, Pati ba ikaw ay naging mahinang gaya namin? ikaw ba'y naging gaya namin?" *Awit 88:4-5, " Ako'y nabilang sa kanila na nagsisibaba sa hukay; ako'y parang taong walang lakas: Nakahagis sa gitna ng mga patay, gaya ng napatay na nakahiga sa libingan, na hindi mo na inaalaala; at sila'y mangahiwalay sa iyong kamay. " *Isaias 38:10, "Aking sinabi, Sa katanghalian ng aking mga kaarawan ay papasok ako sa mga pintuan ng Sheol: Ako'y nabawahan sa nalalabi ng aking mga taon." *Isaias 38:17, "Narito, sa aking ikapapayapa ay nagtamo ako ng malaking paghihirap: Nguni't ikaw, sa pagibig mo sa aking kaluluwa ay iyong iniligtas sa hukay ng kabulukan; Sapagka't iyong itinapon ang lahat ng aking mga kasalanan sa iyong likuran." ===Kahahantungan ng Sheol=== *Hosea 13:14, "Aking tutubusin sila mula sa kapangyarihan ng Sheol; aking tutubusin sila mula sa kamatayan. Oh kamatayan, saan nandoon ang iyong mga salot? Oh Sheol, ako ang iyong magiging kawasakan? pagsisisi ay malilingid sa aking mga mata." ==Mga pananaw== Pangkalahatang inaayunan ng mga skolar gayundin sa Hudaismo na ang ''sheol'' ay hindi tumutukoy sa "lugar ng walang hanggang kaparusahan"(o [[impiyerno]] sa doktrinang [[Kristiyanismo]]) kundi sa "libingan", temporaryong tirahan ng mga namatay, at [[mundong ilalim]].<ref>New Bible Dictionary third edition, IVP 1996. Articles on "Hell", "Sheol".</ref> Sa [[Bagong Tipan]], ang pariralang "לא־תעזב נפשׁי לשׁאול" (hindi mo iiwan ang aking kaluluwa sa Sheol) sa Awit 16:10 ay sinipi sa Mga Gawa 2:27 bilang "οὐκ ἐγκαταλείψεις τὴν ψυχήν μου εἰς ᾅδου" (hindi mo iiwan ang kaluluwa ko sa Hades). Sa [[King James Version]], ang Mga Gawa 2:27 ay isinalin na "thou wilt not leave my soul in hell(impiyerno)". Sa [[textus receptus]] na pinagbasehan ng [[King James Version]], ang "ᾅδης" (Hades) ay lumitaw ng 11 beses. Sa bawat instansiya, isinalin ng King James Version ang Hades bilang "hell"(impiyerno) maliban sa 1 Cor. 15:55 kung saan ginamit ang "grave"(libingan). Sa mga edisyong kritikal ng 1 Cor. 15:55, ang "θάνατος" (kamatayan) ay pumalit sa "ᾅδης"(Hades).<ref>[http://www-user.uni-bremen.de/~wie/GNT/Corinth1.html Greek New Testament] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081108054407/http://www-user.uni-bremen.de/~wie/GNT/Corinth1.html |date=2008-11-08 }}; cf. [http://www.biblicaltheology.org/hades.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331140650/http://www.biblicaltheology.org/hades.pdf |date=2023-03-31 }} The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Vol. II:1314-1315. [1915] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331140650/http://www.biblicaltheology.org/hades.pdf |date=2023-03-31 }}.</ref> Sa mga modernong salin kung saan ay mayroon lamang 10 instansiya ng "ᾅδης" ay pangkalahatang tinranslitera bilang "Hades". Sa modernong salin na [[NIV]] ng Mga Gawa 2:27, ito ay isinalin na "you will not abandon me to the realm of the dead". Sa lahat ng mga paglitaw ng hades sa Bagong Tipan maliban sa isa, ang "ᾅδης"(hades) ay may kaunti kung meron mang anumang kaugnayan sa mga gantimpala o parusa sa [[kabilang buhay]]. Ang eksepsiyon nito ang Talinghaga ni Lazaro at isang mayaman(Lucas 16:19-31) kung saan ay natagpuan ng mayaman ang kanyang sarili sa Hades at nagdurusa. Ang ilang mga skolar ay naniniwala na ang talinghagang ito ay sumasalamin sa pananaw na Hudyo noong panahong [[intertestamental]] ng sheol o hades na naglalaman ng magkahiwalay na mga dibisyon para sa masama at matuwid.<ref>New Bible Dictionary 3rd edition, IVP Leicester 1996. "Sheol".</ref> Sa Bagong Tipan, ang isinaling "impiyerno" ng mga tagapagsalin ng Bibliya ay tipikal na inilalarawan gamit ang mga salitang Griyegong [[Tartarus]] o [[Hades]](na isinalin sa [[Septuagint]] mula sa Hebreong Sheol) o ang salitang Hebreo na [[Gehenna]]. Ang Gehenna o "lambak ng Hinnom" ay aktuwal na lokasyon na orihinal na handugan ng mga tao sa diyos na si Moloch, ngunit kalaunang naging tambakan at sunugan ng basura at mga bangkay ng mga kriminal na nagkamit lamang ng kahulugang metaporikal noong panahong [[intertestamental]]. Sa Marcos 9:47-48, ang ''Gehenna''(na isinaling "impiyerno") ay inilarawan na "na doo'y hindi namamatay ang kanilang [[maggot]], at hindi namamatay ang apoy". ==Tingnan din== *[[Impiyerno]] *[[Hades]] *[[Limbo]] *[[Purgatoryo]] *[[Kabilang buhay]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} {{Hell}} [[Kaurian:Mga pook sa Bibliya]] [[Kategorya:Impiyerno]] [[Kategorya:Teolohiyang Hudyo]] 8jhwvk3nqknkwsge9dnmj72ytv98mih 0 121243 2210296 2206740 2026-06-04T03:23:23Z InternetArchiveBot 113521 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2210296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language |name=Tausug |mapcaption={{legend|#c12939|Mga lugar kung saan pangmaramihang katutubong wika ang Tausug}} |map=Tausug language map.png|glottorefname=Tausug|glotto=taus1251|iso3=tsg|agency=[[Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino]] |nation=[[Wikang panrehiyon]] sa [[Pilipinas]]|script=[[Alpabetong Latin|Latin]] ([[alpabetong Malay]])<br>[[Alpabetong Arabe|Arabe]] ([[Jawi alphabet|Jawi]]) |fam1=[[Mga wikang Austronesyo|Austronesyo]] |fam2=[[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayopolinesyo]] |fam3=[[Mga wikang Pilipino|Pilipino]] |fam4=[[Greater Central Philippine languages|Malawakang Gitnang Pilipino]] |fam5=[[Mga wikang Gitnang Pilipino|Gitnang Pilipino]] |fam6=[[Mga wikang Bisaya|Bisaya]] |fam7=Timog Bisaya |nativename=Bahasa Sūg<br>بَهَسَ سُوگ |familycolor=Austronesyo|ref=e18|date=2000|speakers={{sigfig|1.06|2}} milyon |ethnicity=[[Tausug]]<br>[[Mga Pilipino sa Malaysia]] |region=— Sinasalita sa [[Kapuluang Sulu]] at silangang [[Sabah]]<br>— Sinasalita rin sa [[Lungsod ng Zamboanga]] |states=[[Pilipinas]], [[Malaysia]] |notice=IPA}} Ang '''Wikang Tausug''' ([[IPA|[taʔu'sug]]]; ''{{lang-tsg|Bahasa Sūg}}''; {{lang-ms|Bahasa Suluk}}; {{lang-es|idioma joloano/suluano}}) ay isang [[wikang Bisaya]] na sinasalita sa [[Lalawigan ng Pilipinas|lalawigan]] ng [[Sulu]] sa [[Pilipinas]]. Sinasalita rin ito sa silangang bahagi ng [[Sabah]], [[Malaysia]] ng mga [[Tausug]]. Malawakang sinasalita ito sa [[Sulu Archipelago|Kapuluang Sulu]] ([[Tawi-Tawi]]), [[Tangway ng Zamboanga]] ([[Zamboanga del Norte]], [[Zamboanga Sibugay]], [[Zamboanga del Sur]], at [[Lungsod ng Zamboanga]]), Timog [[Palawan]] at [[Malaysia]] (silangang [[Sabah]]). Ang Tausug at [[Chavacano]] ang dalawang tanging [[Mga wikang Pilipino|wikang Pilipino]] na sinasalita sa isla ng Borneo. Malapit na kamag-anak ang wikang Tausug sa [[wikang Surigaonon]] ng mga lalawigan ng [[Surigao del Norte]], [[Surigao del Sur]] at [[Agusan del Sur]], at ang wikang [[Wikang Butuanon|Butuanon]] ng hilagang-silangang [[Mindanao]]. == Etimolohiya == Ang pangalan ng wika sa Tausug ay ''bahasa Sūg'' ("ang wika ng [[Kapuluang Sulu|Sulu]]"). Tausug ({{lang-tsg|tau Sūg}}, "ang mga tao ng Sulu") ay nagmula sa dalawang salita: {{lang|tsg|tao}} ("tao") at ''{{lang|tsg|sūg}}'' ("agos"), marahil tumutukoy sa kanilang kabuhayan na nakadepende sa mga malakas na agos ng [[Dagat Sulu]], kung saan nagsilayag sila dati bilang mangingisda, maninisid ng perlas, at mangangalakal. Kahit ngayon, ang Dagat Sulu ay estratehikong [[ruta ng kalakalan]] ng timog Pilipinas at ang mga malalapit na bansang [[Samahan ng mga Bansa sa Timog-Silangang Asya|ASEAN]]. Kasing-aga ng ika-10 siglo, pinaniniwalaan na lumalago ang ruta ng kalakalan sa pagitan ng Sulu, Tsina, at Hilagang Borneo. Kilala ang mga tao roon bilang mga "tao ng agos", ang liternal na salinwika ng "Tausūg". == Sulat == Sinasabi na dating isinulat ang wikang Tausug gamit ang isang sulat na magkaugnay sa [[Baybayin]] na tinatawag na "Luntarsug."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.layagsug.com/home/march-04th-2014|title=Luntarsug: Reconstruction of a Lost Ancient Sulu Script|website=layagsug.com|access-date=2020-02-19|archive-date=2018-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703050409/https://www.layagsug.com/home/march-04th-2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mukhang kinumpirma itong pananaw ng dating Sultan ng Sulu sa pamamagitan ng pisikal na ebidensya. Dating ipinanulat ng wikang Tausug ang alpabetong Arabe. Nabigyang-inspirasyon ang paggamit ng sulat ng paggamit ng [[Jawi script|Jawi]] sa pagsulat ng [[wikang Malay]]. Isang halimbawa ng alpabetong Arabe sa pagsulat ng wikang Tausug: * '''Sulat-Latin''' – {{lang|tsg|Wayruun tuhan malaingkan Allāh, hi Muhammad ing rasūl sin Allāh}} * '''Sulat-Arabe''' – {{lang|tsg|وَيْـرُٷنْ تُـهَـنْ مَـلَـيِـڠْـكَـن هَالله، هِـمُـحَـمَّـدْ ئِـڠ رَسُـولْ سِـڠ الله}} * '''English translation''' – [[Shahada|Walang diyos kundi si Allah, at si Muhammad ang mensahero ni Allah.]] Naiiba ang sulat-Arabe na ipinanunulat ng wikang Tausug sa iilang aspeto sa sulat na ipinanunulat ng wikang Arabe at sa sulat-Jawi na ipinanunulat sa mga wikang Malay. Isa sa mga pangunahing pagkakaiba nito ay kung paano isinusulat ang mga paunang patinig ng salita. Sa Arabe, ang /in/ ay (إن); sa Jawi (Malay), ito ay (ان). Sa Tausug, ito ay (ئِن). Ginagamit ng sulat-Tausug Arabe ang letrang yā' na may hamza (ئ) para kumatawan sa maikling patinig. Kung may idinagdag na kasra (ئِ), nagiging 'i' ang tunog nito. Kung may idinagdag na fatha (ئَ), nagiging 'a' ang tunog nito. Kung may idinagdag na damma (ئُ), nagiging 'u' ang tunog nito. === Latin === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; min-width:60%; margin-left:5px" |+Alpabetong Tausug ! style="font-weight:normal; text-align:right" |Titik ![[A]] ![[B]] ![[D]] ![[G]] ![[H]] ![[I]] ![[J]] ![[K]] ![[L]] ![[M]] |- ! style="font-weight:normal; text-align:right" |Pangalan |''Alip'' |''bā''' |''dāl'' |''gā''' |''hā''' |''ī'' |''jīm'' |''kāp'' |''lām'' |''mīm'' |- ! style="font-weight:normal; text-align:right" |[[Tulong:IPA/Spanish|IPA]] |{{IPA|/a/}} |{{IPA|/b/}}, {{IPA|/β/}} |{{IPA|/d/}} |{{IPA|/ɡ/}}, {{IPA|/ɣ/}} |{{IPA|/h/}}, {{IPA|/ɦ/}} |{{IPA|/i/}} |{{IPA|/dʒ/}} |{{IPA|/k/}} |{{IPA|/l/}} |{{IPA|/m/}} |- ! style="font-weight:normal; text-align:right" |Titik ![[N]] ![[Ng]] ![[P]] ![[R]] ![[S]] ![[T]] ![[U]] ![[W]] ![[Y]] ![[']] |- ! style="font-weight:normal; text-align:right" |Pangalan |''nūn'' |''ngā''' |''pā''' |''rā''' |''sīn'' |''tā''' |''ū'' |''wāw'' |''yā''' |''hamja'' |- ! style="font-weight:normal; text-align:right" |IPA |{{IPA|/n/}} |{{IPA|/ŋ/}} |{{IPA|/p/}} |{{IPA|/r/}}, {{IPA|/ɹ/}} |{{IPA|/s/}} |{{IPA|/t/}} |{{IPA|/u/}} |{{IPA|/w/}} |{{IPA|/j/}} |{{IPA|/ʔ/}} |} === Arabe === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Alpabetong Tausug – Sulat-Arabe !Karakter !Nakahiwalay !Pasimula !Panggitna !Panghuli !Pangalan |- |ا |ﺍ | | |ﺎ | style="font-size: small;" |alip |- |ب |ﺏ |ﺑ |ـﺒ |ـﺐ | style="font-size: small;" |bā' |- |ت |ﺕ |ﺗ |ـﺘ |ـﺖ | style="font-size: small;" |tā' |- |ج |ﺝ |ﺟ |ـﺠ |ـﺞ | style="font-size: small;" |jīm |- |د |د | | |ـد | style="font-size: small;" |dāl |- |ر |ﺭ | | |ـر | style="font-size: small;" |rā' |- |س |ﺱ |ﺳ |ـﺴ |ـﺲ | style="font-size: small;" |sīn |- |غ |ﻍ |ﻏ |ـﻐـ |ـﻎ | style="font-size: small;" |gayn |- |ڠ |ڠ |ڠـ |ـڠـ |ـڠ | style="font-size: small;" |ngā' |- |ف |ﻑ |ﻓ |ـﻔ |ـﻒ | style="font-size: small;" |pā' |- |ک |ک |ﻛ |ـﻜ |ـک | style="font-size: small;" |kāp |- |گ |گ |ﮔ |ـﮕـ |ـﮓ | style="font-size: small;" |gāp |- |ل |ﻝ |ﻟ |ـﻠ |ـﻞ | style="font-size: small;" |lām |- |م |ﻡ |ﻣ |ـﻤ |ـﻢ | style="font-size: small;" |mīm |- |ن |ﻥ |ﻧ |ـﻨ |ﻦ | style="font-size: small;" |nūn |- |و |ﻭ | | |ـو | style="font-size: small;" |wāw |- |ه |ﻩ |ﻫ |ـﻬ |ﻪ | style="font-size: small;" |hā' |- |ي |ﻱ |ﻳ |ـﻴـ |ﻲ | style="font-size: small;" |yā' |- |ء |ء | | |ء | style="font-size: small;" |hamja |- |أ |أ | | |ـأ | style="font-size: small;" |alip na may hamja sa itaas |- |ﺅ |ﺅ | | |ـﺆ | style="font-size: small;" |wāw na may hamja sa itaas |- |ئ |ئ |ئـ |ــئـ |ـئ | style="font-size: small;" |yā' na may hamja sa itaas |- |لا |لا |لا |ــلا |ــلا | style="font-size: small;" |lām alip |} == Mga halimbawa == {| class="wikitable" !Tagalog !Tausug Sulat-Latin !Tausug Sulat-Arabe |- |Ano ang pangalan mo? |{{lang|tsg|Unu in ngān mu?}} |{{lang|tsg|اُنُ ئِـن ڠَـان مُ؟}} |- |Ang pangalan ko ay Muhammad |{{lang|tsg|In ngān ku Muhammad}} |{{lang|tsg|ئِـن ڠَـان كُ مُـحَـمَّـد}} |- |Kumusta ka? |{{lang|tsg|Maunu-unu nakaw?}} |{{lang|tsg|مَـؤُنُعاُنُ نَـكَـو؟}} |- |Mabuti ako |{{lang|tsg|Marayaw da isab}} |{{lang|tsg|مَـرَيَـو دَ ئِـسَـب}} |- |Nasaan si Ahmad? |{{lang|tsg|Hawnu hi Ahmad?}} |{{lang|tsg|هَـونُ هِ أحـمَـد؟}} |- |Nasa bahay siya |{{lang|tsg|Ha bāy siya}} |{{lang|tsg|هَ بَـاي سِـيَ}} |- |Salamat |{{lang|tsg|Magsukul}} |{{lang|tsg|مَـگـسُـكُـل}} |} === Salitang hiram === May maraming salitang Tausug na nagmula sa wikang Arabe. Kabilang sa mga halimbawa ng salitang Arabe sa Tausug ang: {| class="wikitable" !Salitang Tausug !Kahulugan (Tausug) !Arabic Word !Pagbigkas !Kahulugan (Arabe) |- |{{lang|tsg|Adab}} |kagandahang-asal |{{lang|ar|أدب}} |adab |kagandahang-asal |- |{{lang|tsg|Ahirat}} |kabilang buhay |{{lang|ar|آخرة}} |ākhirah |kabilang buhay |- |{{lang|tsg|Ajayb}} |kahanga-hanga |{{lang|ar|عجيب}} |'ajīb |kahanga-hanga |- |{{lang|tsg|Akkal}} |katalinuhan |{{lang|ar|عقل}} |[['Aql]] |talino |- |{{lang|tsg|Alam}} |sansinukob |{{lang|ar|[[عالم]]}} |'ālam |mundo |- |{{lang|tsg|Allāh}} |Diyos |{{lang|ar|الله}} |Allāh |Diyos |- |{{lang|tsg|Amānat}} |mensahe |{{lang|ar|أمانة}} |amānah |tiwala |- |{{lang|tsg|Ammal}} |gumamit |{{lang|ar|عمل}} |'amal |gumawa |- |{{lang|tsg|Awal}} |pinagmulan |{{lang|ar|أوّل}} |awwal |una |- |{{lang|tsg|Awliya}} |aseta |{{lang|ar|أولياء}} |[[Wali|awliyā']] |asetiko |- |{{lang|tsg|Ayat}} |taludtod |{{lang|ar|آية}} |āyah |taludtod |- |{{lang|tsg|Ayb}} |hiya |{{lang|ar|عيب}} |'ayb |hiya |- |{{lang|tsg|Barawi}} |tulisan sa ilang |{{lang|ar|بدوي}} |{{lang|ar|badawī}} |Bedwino |- |{{lang|tsg|Batāl}} |di-malinis |{{lang|ar|باطل}} |bātil |kahungkagan |- |{{lang|tsg|Bilāl}} |Muezzin/tagatawag ng dalangin |{{lang|ar|بلال}} |Bilāl |[[Bilal ibn Rabah]] |- |{{lang|tsg|Daawa}} |dahilan |{{lang|ar|دعوة}} |da'wah |imbitasyon |- |{{lang|tsg|Duhul}} |sukdulan |{{lang|ar|دخول}} |dukhūl |pasukan |- |{{lang|tsg|Daira}} |lungsod |{{lang|ar|دائرة}} |dā'irah |lugar |- |{{lang|tsg|Dayyus}} |cuckold |{{lang|ar|ديّوث}} |dayyūth |cuckold |- |{{lang|tsg|Dunya}} |Daigdig |{{lang|ar|دنيا}} |dunyā |mundo |- |{{lang|tsg|Duwaa}} |panalangin |{{lang|ar|دعاء}} |du'ā |panalangin/pagsusumamo |- |{{lang|tsg|Habal}} |balita |{{lang|ar|خبر}} |khabar |balita |- |{{lang|tsg|Hadas}} |kalaswaan |{{lang|ar|حدث}} |hadath |kalaswaan |- |{{lang|tsg|Hakīka}} |ritwal sa kapanganakan |{{lang|ar|عقيقة}} |aqīqah |ritwal sa kapanganakan |- |{{lang|tsg|Hakīkat}} |katotohanan |{{lang|ar|حقيقة}} |haqīqah |katotohanan |- |{{lang|tsg|Hatīb}} |tagapagsalita |{{lang|ar|خطيب}} |khatīb |tagapagsalita |- |{{lang|tsg|Hawa}} |Eba |{{lang|ar|حواء}} |Hawā' |Eba |- |{{lang|tsg|Hidāyat}} |anunsyo |{{lang|ar|هداية}} |hidāyah |patnubay |- |{{lang|tsg|Hikmat}} |karunungan |{{lang|ar|حكمة}} |hikmah |karunungan |- |{{lang|tsg|Hukum}} |hukom |{{lang|ar|حكم}} |hukm |pasya |- |{{lang|tsg|Humus}} |limos |{{lang|ar|خمس}} |khums |ikalima |- |{{lang|tsg|Hutba'}} |sermon |{{lang|ar|خطبة}} |khutbah |sermon |- |{{lang|tsg|Hurup}} |tunog ng isang titik |{{lang|ar|حروف}} |hurūf |mga titik |- |{{lang|tsg|Ibilīs}} |demonyo |{{lang|ar|إبليس}} |Iblīs |diyablo |- |{{lang|tsg|Ihilās}} |katapatan |{{lang|ar|إخلاص}} |ikhlās |katapatan |- |{{lang|tsg|Ijin}} |pagpapala |{{lang|ar|إذن}} |idhn |pahintulot |- |{{lang|tsg|Ilmu'}} |kaalaman |{{lang|ar|علم}} |'ilm |kaalaman |- |{{lang|tsg|Imān}} |pagtitiis |{{lang|ar|إيمان}} |īmān |pananampalataya |- |{{lang|tsg|Intiha'}} |huli |{{lang|ar|إنتهى}} |intihā |huli |- |{{lang|tsg|Irādat}} |pagpupunyagi |{{lang|ar|إرادة}} |irādah |pagpupunyagi |- |{{lang|tsg|Islām}} |Islam |{{lang|ar|إسلام}} |Islām |[[Islam]] |- |{{lang|tsg|Istigapar}} |humingi ng tawad |{{lang|ar|إستغفار}} |istighfār |humingi ng tawad |- |{{lang|tsg|Instinja}} |dalisay |{{lang|ar|إستنجاء}} |istinjā' |linisin ang sarili |- |{{lang|tsg|Jabūr}} |Salmo |{{lang|ar|زبور}} |zabūr |Salmo |- |{{lang|tsg|Jāhil}} |tanga |{{lang|ar|جاهل}} |jāhil |mangmang |- |{{lang|tsg|Jakāt}} |ikapu |{{lang|ar|زكاة}} |zakāh |ikapu |- |{{lang|tsg|Jamāa}} |kapulungan |{{lang|ar|جماعة}} |jamā'ah |kapulungan |- |{{lang|tsg|Jamān}} |orasan |{{lang|ar|زمان}} |zamān |oras |- |{{lang|tsg|Janāja}} |langkayan |{{lang|ar|جنازة}} |janāzah |paglilibing |- |{{lang|tsg|Jāt}} |hitsura |{{lang|ar|ذات}} |dhāt |sarili |- |{{lang|tsg|Jaytūn}} |oliba |{{lang|ar|زيتون}} |zaytūn |oliba |- |{{lang|tsg|Jin}} |espiritu |{{lang|ar|جنّ}} |jinn |demonyo |- |{{lang|tsg|Jinā}} |pangangalunya |{{lang|ar|زنا}} |zinā |pangangalunya |- |{{lang|tsg|Juba}} |kasuutan |{{lang|ar|جبّة}} |jubbah |kasuutan |- |{{lang|tsg|Jubul}} |tumbong |{{lang|ar|دبر}} |dubr |tumbong |- |{{lang|tsg|Junub}} |polusyon |{{lang|ar|جنوب}} |junūb |marumi |- |{{lang|tsg|Jurriyat}} |lahi |{{lang|ar|ذرية}} |dhurriyyah |anak |- |{{lang|tsg|Kahawa}} |kape |{{lang|ar|قهوة}} |qahwah |kape |- |{{lang|tsg|Kāpil}} |di-naniniwala |{{lang|ar|كافر}} |kāfir |di-naniniwala |- |{{lang|tsg|Karāmat}} |milagro |{{lang|ar|كرامة}} |karāmah |milagro |- |{{lang|tsg|Kawwāt}} |kapangyarihan |{{lang|ar|قوّة}} |quwwah |puwersa |- |{{lang|tsg|Kubul}} |libingan |{{lang|ar|قبور}} |qubūr |mga libingan |- |{{lang|tsg|Kudarat}} |Kapangyarihan ng Diyos |{{lang|ar|قدرة}} |qudrah |abilidad |- |{{lang|tsg|Kulbān}} |sakripisyo |{{lang|ar|قربان}} |qurbān |sakripisyo |- |{{lang|tsg|Kuppiya'}} |pantakip sa ulo ng lalaki |{{lang|ar|كوفيّة}} |kūffiyah |kefiyyeh |- |{{lang|tsg|Kupul}} |kawalang-paniwala |{{lang|ar|كفز}} |kufr |kawalang-paniwala |- |{{lang|tsg|Lidjiki'}} |pagpapala |{{lang|ar|رزق}} |rizq |sustento |- |{{lang|tsg|Maana}} |kahulugan |{{lang|ar|معنة}} |ma'nah |kahulugan |- |{{lang|tsg|Magrib}} |dapit-hapon |{{lang|ar|مغرب}} |maghrib |dapit-hapon |- |{{lang|tsg|Magsukul}} |Salamat |{{lang|ar|شكر}} |shukr |salamat |- |{{lang|tsg|Mahluk}} |tao |{{lang|ar|مخلوق}} |maklūq |nilikha |- |{{lang|tsg|Maksud}} |layunin |{{lang|ar|مقصود}} |maqsūd |binalak |- |{{lang|tsg|Makbul}} |natupad |{{lang|ar|مقبول}} |maqbūl |tinanggap |- |{{lang|tsg|Malak}} |Maganda |{{lang|ar|ملك}} |malak |[[Anghel]] |- |{{lang|tsg|Maruhum}} |namatay |{{lang|ar|مرحوم}} |marhūm |namatay |- |{{lang|tsg|Masrik}} |silangan |{{lang|ar|مشرق}} |mashriq |silangan |- |{{lang|tsg|Matakaddam}} |talinghaga |{{lang|ar|متقدّم}} |mutaqaddam |nauuna |- |{{lang|tsg|Mayat}} |bangkay |{{lang|ar|ميت}} |mayt |patay |- |{{lang|tsg|Mujijat}} |misteryo |{{lang|ar|معجزة}} |mu'jizah |milagro |- |{{lang|tsg|Mulid}} |estudyante |{{lang|ar|مريد}} |murīd |estudyante |- |{{lang|tsg|Munapik}} |balubalo |{{lang|ar|منافق}} |munāfiq |balubalo |- |{{lang|tsg|Murtad}} |apostata |{{lang|ar|مرتد}} |murtad |apostata |- |{{lang|tsg|Muskil}} |di-karaniwan |{{lang|ar|مشكل}} |mushkil |problema |- |{{lang|tsg|Mustahak}} |may-ari ayon sa batas |{{lang|ar|مستحقّ}} |mustahaqq |karapat-dapat |- |{{lang|tsg|Mustajab}} |nangyari |{{lang|ar|مستجاب}} |mustajāb |answered |- |{{lang|tsg|Muwallam}} |iskolar |{{lang|ar|معلّم}} |mu'allim |guro |- |{{lang|tsg|Nabī}} |propeta |{{lang|ar|نبي}} |nabī |propeta |- |{{lang|tsg|Najal}} |pangako |{{lang|ar|نذر}} |nadhar |panata/pangako |- |{{lang|tsg|Najjis}} |dumi |{{lang|ar|ناجس}} |nājis |marumi |- |{{lang|tsg|Napas}} |paghinga |{{lang|ar|نفس}} |nafas |huminga |- |{{lang|tsg|Napsu}} |pagnanasa |{{lang|ar|نفس}} |nafs |pagkamakasarili/pagnanasa |- |{{lang|tsg|Nasihat}} |payo |{{lang|ar|نصيحة}} |nasīhah |payo |- |{{lang|tsg|Paham}} |kasanayan |{{lang|ar|فهم}} |fahm |pag-unawa |- |{{lang|tsg|Pardu'}} |pagbabatas |{{lang|ar|فرض}} |fard |sapilitan |- |{{lang|tsg|Piil}} |aksyon |{{lang|ar|فعل}} |fi'l |aksyon |- |{{lang|tsg|Pikil}} |mag-isip |{{lang|ar|فكر}} |fikr |isip |- |{{lang|tsg|Pir'awn}} |Paraon |{{lang|ar|فرعون}} |fir'awn |Paraon |- |{{lang|tsg|Rahmat}} |pagpapala |{{lang|ar|رحمة}} |rahmah |awa |- |{{lang|tsg|Rasūl}} |mensahero |{{lang|ar|رسول}} |rasūl |mensahero |- |{{lang|tsg|Ruku'}} |yumuko |{{lang|ar|ركوع}} |rukū' |pagyuko |- |{{lang|tsg|Rukun}} |utos |{{lang|ar|ركن}} |rukn |haligi |- |{{lang|tsg|Sabab}} |dahil |{{lang|ar|سبب}} |sabab |dahilan/sanhi |- |{{lang|tsg|Sahabat}} |tagasunod |{{lang|ar|صحابة}} |sahābah |kasamahan |- |{{lang|tsg|Saytān}} |Satanas |{{lang|ar|شيطان}} |shaytān |Satanas |- |{{lang|tsg|Sual}} |pagtatalakay |{{lang|ar|سؤال}} |su'āl |tanong |- |{{lang|tsg|Subu}} |liwayway |{{lang|ar|صبح}} |subh |liwayway |- |{{lang|tsg|Sunnat}} |pagtutuli sa mga babae |{{lang|ar|سنّة}} |sunnah |tradisyon/sunnah |- |{{lang|tsg|Takabbul}} |mayabang |{{lang|ar|تكبّر}} |takabbur |kayabangan |- |{{lang|tsg|Takwīm}} |kalendaryo |{{lang|ar|تقويم}} |taqwīm |kalendaryo |- |{{lang|tsg|Tallak}} |diborsyo |{{lang|ar|طلاق}} |talāq |diborsyo |- |{{lang|tsg|Tarasul}} |tulang Tausug |{{lang|ar|تراسل}} |tarāsul |pakikipagtalastasan |- |{{lang|tsg|Tasbi}} |mga butil sa panalangin |{{lang|ar|تسبيح}} |tasbīh |papuri |- |{{lang|tsg|Ummul}} |gulang |{{lang|ar|عمر}} |'amr |gulang |- |{{lang|tsg|Wajib}} |sapilitan |{{lang|ar|واجب}} |wājib |sapilitan |- |{{lang|tsg|Wakap}} |pagtigil |{{lang|ar|وقف}} |waqf |pagtigil |- |{{lang|tsg|Waktu}} |oras |{{lang|ar|وقت}} |waqt |oras |} Mga salitang Tausug mula sa [[Wikang Sanskrito|Sanskrito]]: {| class="wikitable" !Salitang Tausug !Kahulugan (Tausug) !Salitang Sanskrito !Pagbigkas !Kahulugan (Sanskrito) |- |{{lang|tsg|Guru}} |guro |{{lang|sa|गुरु}} |guru |guro |- |{{lang|tsg|Naga}} |dragon |{{{{lang|sa|नाग}} |nāga |serpyente |- |{{lang|tsg|Āgama}} |relihiyon |{{lang|sa|आगम}} |āgama |relihiyon |- |{{lang|tsg|Lahu'}} |laho |{{lang|sa|राहु}} |rāhu |laho |- |{{lang|tsg|Lupa}} |paglitaw |{{lang|sa|रूप}} |rūpa |paglitaw |- |{{lang|tsg|Dukka}} |magdalamhati |{{lang|sa|दुःख}} |duḥkha |paghihirap |- |{{lang|tsg|Sutla'}} |sulta |{{lang|sa|सूत्र}} |sūtra |tumahi |- |} == Mga sanggunian == <references /> ==Mga kawing panlabas== *[http://www.sil.org/asia/philippines/plb_download.html Mga publikasyon sa Tausug at iba pang wika ng Pilipinas] *[http://iloko.tripod.com/Tausug.htm Mga aralin sa Tausug] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716223216/http://iloko.tripod.com/Tausug.htm |date=2015-07-16 }}, ni Carl G. Rubino *[http://www.languagelinks.org/lessons/tausug/tausug.html Mga aralin sa Tausug] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100908010512/http://www.languagelinks.org/lessons/tausug/tausug.html |date=2010-09-08 }}, ng Language Links <br />{{Mga wika ng Pilipinas}} [[Kategorya:Wikang Tausug| ]] 3btt90exp04627ua453j6e915sby8lj 0 127071 2210233 2207578 2026-06-03T16:16:35Z SammySong 161860 Gumamit ng Nihongo template 2210233 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang {{nihongo|'''''Ouran High School Host Club'''''|桜蘭高校ホスト部|Ōran Kōkō Hosuto Kurabu}} ay isang manga series ni Bisco Hatori, serialized ni Hakusensha's LaLa magazine sa gitna ng Setyembre 2002 at Nobyemere 2010 issues. Ang anime ay susunod sa istorya ni Haruhi Fujioka, isang scholarship student ng Ouran High School, at ang ibang miyembro ng popular na host club. Ang romanticong comedya ay nag fofocus sa relation sa loob at labas ng Club at nagsasatirize ng clichés at stereotypes na nakapag-endure sa shōjo. Meron ring occasional na mga pangyayari na kung saan ang mga karakter sa storya ay binasag ang fourth wall. Ang manga ay inampon para magkaroon ng audio dramas, isang animated television series na idirekta ni Takuya Igarashi at ginawa ni Bones, at isang biswal na nobela ng Idea Factory. {{stub}} [[Category:manga]] [[Category:Bones (studio)]] [[Category:Crunchyroll]] [[Category:Funimation]] i01xw4a782xsgvewi6i81lqwftkal7k 0 132876 2210212 2169104 2026-06-03T12:23:35Z InternetArchiveBot 113521 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2210212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox official post | post = Prime Minister | body = Australia | insignia = Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Australia.svg | insigniasize = 100 | insigniacaption = Eskudo de armas ng Australia | flag = Flag of Australia (converted).svg | flagsize = 125 | flagcaption = Watawat ng Australia | flagborder = No | image = Anthony Albanese portrait (cropped).jpg | imagesize = 200 | incumbent = [[Anthony Albanese]] | incumbentsince = 23 Mayo 2022 | department = Pamahalaan ng Australia<br />Kagawaran ng Punong Ministro at Gabinete<br />Tanggapan ng Punong Ministro | style = [[The Honourable]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pm.gov.au/contact-your-pm|title=Contact Your PM|website=Prime Minister of Australia|access-date=29 May 2020}}</ref><br />Prime Minister<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.aph.gov.au/senators_and_members/guidelines_for_contacting_senators_and_members/how_to_address_senators_and_members|title=How to address Senators and Members|access-date=26 Apr 2021|archive-date=8 Oktubre 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008103640/https://www.aph.gov.au/Senators_and_Members/Guidelines_for_Contacting_Senators_and_Members/How_to_address_Senators_and_Members|url-status=dead}}</ref> (informal) | status = Pinuno ng Pamahalaan | abbreviation = PM | member_of = {{ubl|Parlamento]]|Gabinete|Pambansang Gabinete|Federal Executive Council|National Security Committee}} | reports_to = Kamara de Representantes | residence = {{ubl|[[The Lodge (Australia)|The Lodge]], [[Canberra]]<ref name="PEO-PM">{{cite web|url=https://peo.gov.au/understand-our-parliament/parliament-and-its-people/people-in-parliament/prime-minister/|title=Prime Minister|website=Parliamentary Education Office|access-date=29 May 2020}}</ref>|[[Kirribilli House]], [[Sydney]]<ref name="PEO-PM" />}} | seat = [[Canberra]] | appointer = [[Governor-General of Australia|Governor-General]]<ref name="APMC-PM">{{cite web|url=https://primeministers.moadoph.gov.au/prime-ministers|title=Prime Ministers|website=Australian Prime Ministers Centre, Old Parliament House|access-date=29 May 2020|archive-date=14 Marso 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314174122/https://primeministers.moadoph.gov.au/prime-ministers|url-status=dead}}</ref> | appointer_qualified = | termlength = [[At the Governor-General's pleasure]]<ref name="PEO-PM" /> | termlength_qualified = | constituting_instrument = | formation = {{start date and age|df=y|1901|1|1}}<ref name="APMC-PM" /> | first = [[Edmund Barton]]<ref name="APMC-PM" /> | deputy = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Australia]] | salary = $564,360 bawat taon (2022)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://politicalsalaries.com/leaders/|title=PoliticalSalaries.com - Leaders|website=PoliticalSalaries.com - What the world pays its politicians|date=15 June 2022 |access-date=20 Aug 2022}}</ref> | website = {{URL|pm.gov.au}} }} Ang '''Punong Ministro ng Australia''' ang [[pinuno ng pamahalaan]] ng [[Australia|Komonwelt ng Australia]], na nanunungkulan sa bisa ng komisyon galing sa [[Gobernador-Heneral ng Australia]]. Ang tanggapan ng punong ministro ang pinakamataas na tanggapang pampolitika sa Australia. Sa kabila ng pagiging nasa tuktok ng pamahalang ehekutibo sa bansa, hindi nabanggit ang tanggapan ng Punong Ministro sa [[Saligang Batas ng Australia]] at umiiral sa pamamagitan ng [[Kumbensiyon para sa Saligang Batas]]. Maliban sa natatanging mga pagkakataon, ang punong ministro ang palaging pinuno ng [[Partidong pampolitika]] o koalisyon na Mayo suporta ng Mayoorya sa [[Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan ng Australia|Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan]]. Ang natatanging kaso kung saan ang isang [[Senado ng Australia|senador]] ay naitalaga bilang punong ministro ay ang kay [[John Gorton]], na di naglao'y nagbitiw bilang senador at nahalal bilagn miyembro ng Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan (Gumaganap na punong ministro si senator [[George Pearce]] sa loob ng pitong buwan noong 1916 samantalang si [[Billy Hughes]] ay nasa ibang bansa).<ref>{{cite web|title=Pearce, Sir George Foster (1870 - 1952)|url=http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A110182b.htm|work=Australian Dictionary of Biography|publisher=Australian National University|accessdate=24 Hunyo 2010|year=2006|archive-date=19 Marso 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319200729/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/pearce-sir-george-foster-7996|url-status=dead}}</ref> Si [[Anthony Albanese]] ng Partidong Paggawa ang kasalukuyang punong ministro ng [[Australia]]. Siya ay naluklok sa posisyon mula noong 23 Mayo 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2022 |title=Prime Minister of Australia |url=https://www.pm.gov.au/ |access-date=22 May 2022 |website=Prime Minister of Australia |publisher=[[Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet (Australia)|Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=22 May 2022 |title=Australia election: Anthony Albanese signals climate policy change |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-61539426 |access-date=22 May 2022}}</ref> ==Suweldo at mga benepisyo== {| class="wikitable" align="right" style="margin:1ex 0 1ex 1ex" |+ '''Kasaysayan ng suweldo ng Punong Ministro''' |- ! Naipatupad !! Suweldo |- | 2 Hunyo 1999 ||align="right"| $289,270 |- | 6 Setyembre 2006 ||align="right"| $309,270 |- | 1 Hulyo 2007 ||align="right"| $330,300 |} ===Suweldo=== Ang punong ministro ang may pinakamalaking suweldo sa mga kasapi ng parlamento. Ang suweldo ng mga ministro ay karagdagang bahagdan sa batayang suweldo sa parlamento. Ayon sa Unang Ulat ng Remuneration Tribunal noong taong 2006<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.remtribunal.gov.au/determinationsReports/byYear/2006dets/2006-Report1.pdf |title=of Report on Ministers of State{{ndash}} Salaries Additional to the Basic Parliamentary Salary |access-date=2007-06-20 |archive-date=2007-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070620234726/http://www.remtribunal.gov.au/determinationsReports/byYear/2006dets/2006-Report1.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> kinompirma nila na ang karagdagang suweldo ng puong ministro ay 160 bahagdan (160%) ng kanyang suweldo sa parlamento, i.e. kaya sa kabuuan ang kinikita ng punong ministro ay umaabot ng 260% ng suweldo ng ordinaryong kasapi ng parlamento. Ang suweldo ng punong ministro ay may limang beses nang kinikita ng isang nagtatrabahong may sapat na gulang na $67,116, hanggang noong Pebreror 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Average Weekly Earnings, Australia, Pebrero 2010, Australian Bureau of Statistics |url=http://abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/6302.0/ |access-date=2010-08-05 |archive-date=2010-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721223738/http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/6302.0 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ===Rasyon=== [[Image:Curtin GGPrinceHenry Fadden Hughes Menzies.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Mga Punong Ministro [[John Curtin|Curtin]], [[Arthur Fadden|Fadden]], [[Billy Hughes|Hughes]], [[Robert Menzies|Menzies]] at Gobernador-Heneral [[Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester|The Duke of Gloucester]] noong 1945.]] Ang [[Maharlikang Hukbong Panghimpapawid ng Australia]] [[No. 34 Squadron RAAF|No. 34 Squadron]] ang naghahatid at sundo sa punong ministro sa loob ng Australia at sa tawid dagat sa pamamagitan ng pagbabago sa mga Boeing Business Jets at maliliit na Challenger na sasakyang panghimpapawid. Mayroong magandang kagamitan para sa komunikasyon ang sasakyang panghimpapawid gayundin mayroon itong tanggapan, silid-pulungan at mga tulugan. Ang katawagan sa sasakyang panghimpapawid ay "Envoy". Ang opisyal na panuluyan ng punong ministro ay ang [[The Lodge (Australia)|The Lodge]] sa [[Canberra]], subalit hindi lahat ng punong ministro ay nanatili roon. Mas pinili ni [[James Scullin|Jim Scullin]] na manuluyan sa [[Hotel Canberra]] (ngayo'y Hyatt Hotel); nanirahan naman si [[Ben Chifley]] sa Kurrajong Hotel; at nagpagawa naman si [[John Howard]] ng [[Kirribilli House]] sa [[Sydney]] ang kanyang pangunahing tirahan, samantalang ginagamit niya ang The Lodge kapag nasa Canberra para sa opisyal na lakad. Sa pagkakatalaga sa kanya noong 18 Setyembre 2013, sinabi nang kasalukuyang punong ministro na si [[Tony Abbott]] na hindi siya manunuluyan sa The Lodge hanggang sa mapabalik siya sa pwesto sa pamamagitan ng boto ng nakararami sa [[Pederal na halalan sa Australia, 2013|susunod na halalan]] (naging punong ministro siya sa kalagitnaan ng panunungkula ni Kevin Rudd na nagbitiw matapos maharap sa walang pagkapanlong halalan sa loob ng partido). Ang mga opisyal na panuluyan ay kumpleto sa mga tagasilbi at mayroong pakain para sa punong ministro at para sa kanyang pamilya. Mayroong mga kasama si Kevin Rudd sa The Lodge na punong tagapagluto at katulong na tagapagluto, tagapag-alaga ng bata, tagapagbantay ng bahay, at dalawang bagong tagapagbantay ng bahay. Sa [[Kirribilli House]] sa Sydney, mayroong punong tagapagluto at isang tagapagbantay ng bahay.<ref>{{cite news|last=Metherell|first=Mark|title=Rudds' staff extends to a child carer at the Lodge|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/rudds-staff-extends-to-a-child-carer-at-the-lodge/2008/02/18/1203190740533.html|accessdate=24 Hunyo 2010|publsher=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=19 Pebrero 2008}}</ref> Patuloy pa ring nakakatanggap ng rasyon ang mga punong ministro matapos ang kanilang panunungkula, kasama na rito ang libreng espasyo para sa tanggapan, ang karapatang makakuha ng Life Gold Pass at salaping gugulin para sa mga kakailanganing suplay sa tanggapan at mga katiwala. Sa pamamagitan ng Life Gold Pass maaaring maglakbay ang may-ari nito saanman sa Australia sa mga hindi-pangkalakalan ''(commercial)'' na dahilan na sagot ng pamahalaan ang gastos. Isang punong ministro lamang ang nakabalik sa parlamento. Natalo si [[Stanley Bruce]] sa pwesto noong [[Pederal na halalan sa Australia, 1929|1929]] habang siya'y punong ministro, subalit muli siyang nahalal bilang kasapi ng parlamento noong [[Pederal na halalan sa Australia, 1931|1931]]. Patuloy na kinikilala sa buong bansa ang mga dating punong ministro, at sa ilang pagkakataon nagiging matagumpay sa mga karera matapos ang pagiging punong ministro. Ilan sa kabanggit-banggit rito ay sina: [[Edmund Barton]], na naging hukom sa [[Mataas na Hukuman ng Australia|Mataas na Hukuman]]; [[George Reid (politikong Australiano)|George Reid]], [[Andrew Fisher]], [[Joseph Cook]] at Stanley Bruce, na naging Mataas na Komisyoner sa United Kingdom; at [[Arthur Fadden]], na naging ingat-yaman sa panahon nang isa pang punong ministro na si [[Robert Menzies]]. ==Tala ng mga punong ministro== Nasa ibaba ang tala ng mga Punong Ministro ng Australia ayon sa pangalan, petsa ng pagkahiran, petsa ng paglisan sa tanggapan, partidong pampolitika, tagal sa panunungkulan at ang estadong kinakatawan sa parlamento. Ang (mga) estado na kinatawan sa parlamento ay hindi maaaring hindi ang estado kung saan naging mas malapit ang tao; ang isa sa pinakamagandang halimbawa nito ay si Bob Hawke na isinilang sa South Australia, lumaki sa Western Australia, nagtrabaho at kumatawan sa Victoria at nagretiro sa New South Wales. Ang mga partidong pinapakita ang partido ng mga punong ministro nang sila'y maupo sa panunungkulan. Ilang mga punong ministro ang kasapi ng mga partidong ibinigay bago at matapos ang panunungkulan bilang punong ministro. Para sa mas detalyadong talaan, tingnan ang [[Tala ng mga Punong Ministro ng Australia]]. {{legend2|#f4e4ff|[[Protectionist Party|Protectionist]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#ffe8e8|[[Partido ng Manggagawa ng Australia|Labor]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#e6e6cc|[[Free Trade Party|Free Trade]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#ffffdd|[[Commonwealth Liberal Party|Commonwealth Liberal]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#ddeeff|[[National Labor Party|National Labor]]/[[Nationalist Party of Australia|Nationalist]]/[[United Australia Party|United Australia]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#ccffcc|[[Partido Pambansang ng Australia|Country]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {{legend2|#DDEEFF|[[Partido Liberal ng Australia|Liberal]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- bgcolor=#cccccc ! # !! Pangalan !! Nagsimula !! Nagtapos !! Partido !! Tagal sa panunungkulan !! Kinakatawang Estado <br> sa Parlamento <br> |- bgcolor=#F4E4FF |align=center| 1 || [[Edmund Barton]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1901|Enero|1}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1903|Setyembre|24}} || [[Protectionist Party|Protectionist]] || {{sort|020823|2 taon, 8 buwan, 24 araw}} || New South Wales |- bgcolor=#F4E4FF |align=center| 2 || [[Alfred Deakin]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1903|Setyembre|24}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1904|Abril|27}} || [[Protectionist Party|Protectionist]] || {{sort|000703|0 taon, 7 buwan, 4 araw}} || Victoria |- bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 3 || [[Chris Watson]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1904|Abril|27}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1904|Agosto|18}} || [[Australian Labor Party|Labour]] || {{sort|000320|0 taon, 3 buwan, 21 araw}} || New South Wales |- bgcolor=#e6e6cc |align=center| 4 || [[George Reid (Australian politician)|George Reid]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1904|Agosto|18}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1905|Hulyo|5}} || [[Free Trade Party|Free Trade]] || {{sort|001017|0 taon, 10 buwan, 18 araw}} || New South Wales |- bgcolor=#F4E4FF |align=center|{{ndash}} || [[Alfred Deakin]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1905|Hulyo|5}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1908|Nobyembre|13}} || [[Protectionist Party|Protectionist]] || {{sort|030408|3 taon, 4 buwan, 9 araw}} || Victoria |- bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 5 || [[Andrew Fisher]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1908|Nobyembre|13}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1909|Hunyo|2}} || [[Australian Labor Party|Labour]] || {{sort|000620|0 taon, 6 buwan, 21 araw}} || Queensland |- bgcolor=#ffffdd |align=center|{{ndash}} || [[Alfred Deakin]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1909|Hunyo|2}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1910|Abril|29}} || [[Commonwealth Liberal Party|Commonwealth Liberal]] || {{sort|001027|0 taon, 10 buwan, 28 araw}} || Victoria |- bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center|{{ndash}} || [[Andrew Fisher]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1910|Abril|29}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1913|Hunyo|24}} || [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] || {{sort|030125|3 taon, 1 buwan, 26 araw}} || Queensland |- bgcolor=#ffffdd |align=center| 6 || [[Joseph Cook]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1913|Hunyo|24}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1914|Setyembre|17}} || [[Commonwealth Liberal Party|Commonwealth Liberal]] || {{sort|010224|1 year, 2 buwan, 25 araw}} || New South Wales |- bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center|{{ndash}} || [[Andrew Fisher]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1914|Setyembre|17}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1915|Oktubre|27}} || [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] || {{sort|010110|1 year, 1 buwan, 11 araw}} || Queensland |- bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 7 || [[Billy Hughes]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1915|Oktubre|27}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1923|Pebrero|9}} || [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]]/[[Nationalist Party of Australia|Nationalist]] || {{sort|070313|7 taon, 3 buwan, 14 araw}} || New South Wales, Victoria |- bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 8 || [[Stanley Bruce]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1923|Pebrero|9}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1929|Oktubre|22}} || [[Nationalist Party of Australia|Nationalist]] || {{sort|060813|6 taon, 8 buwan, 14 araw}} || Victoria |- bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 9 || [[James Scullin]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1929|Oktubre|22}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1932|Enero|6}} || [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] || {{sort|020215|2 taon, 2 buwan, 16 araw}} || Victoria |- bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 10 || [[Joseph Lyons]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1932|Enero|6}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1939|Abril|7}} || [[United Australia Party|United Australia]] || {{sort|070301|7 taon, 3 buwan, 2 araw}} || Tasmania |- bgcolor=#CCFFCC |align=center| 11 || [[Earle Page]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1939|Abril|7}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1939|Abril|26}} || [[Country Party of Australia|Country]] || {{sort|000019|0 taon, 0 buwan, 20 araw}} || New South Wales |- bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 12 || [[Robert Menzies]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1939|Abril|26}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1941|Agosto|28}} || [[United Australia Party|United Australia]] || {{sort|020403|2 taon, 4 buwan, 4 araw}} || Victoria |- bgcolor=#CCFFCC |align=center| 13 || [[Arthur Fadden]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1941|Agosto|28}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1941|Oktubre|7}} || [[Country Party of Australia|Country]] || {{sort|000108|0 taon, 1 buwan, 9 araw}} || Queensland |- bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 14 || [[John Curtin]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1941|Oktubre|7}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1945|Hulyo|5}} || [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] || {{sort|030828|3 taon, 8 buwan, 29 araw}} || Western Australia |- bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 15 || [[Frank Forde]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1945|Hulyo|6}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1945|Hulyo|13}} || [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] || {{sort|000007|0 taon, 0 buwan, 8 araw}} || Queensland |- bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 16 || [[Ben Chifley]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1945|Hulyo|13}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1949|Disyembre|19}} || [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] || {{sort|040506|4 taon, 5 buwan, 7 araw}} || New South Wales |- bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center|{{ndash}} || [[Robert Menzies]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1949|Disyembre|19}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1966|Enero|26}} || [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]] || {{sort|160107|16 taon, 1 buwan, 8 araw}} || Victoria |- bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 17 || [[Harold Holt]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1966|Enero|26}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1967|Disyembre|19}}<ref>Pormal nang idineklara si Harold Holt na nalunod noong 17 Disyembre (hindi na nakuha pa ang kanyang katawan), subalit ang kanyang komisyon bilang punong ministro ay hindi opisyal na tinatanggal hanggang noong 19&nbsp;Disyembre kung kailan lang siya idineklarang "pinaniniwalaang patay".</ref> || [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]] || {{sort|011022|1 year, 10 buwan, 23 araw}} || Victoria |- bgcolor=#CCFFCC |align=center| 18 || [[John McEwen]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1967|Disyembre|19}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1968|Enero|10}} || [[Country Party of Australia|Country]] || {{sort|000022|0 taon, 0 buwan, 23 araw}} || Victoria |- bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 19 || [[John Gorton]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1968|Enero|10}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1971|Marso|10}} || [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]] || {{sort|030200|3 taon, 2 buwan, 0 araw}} || Victoria |- bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 20 || [[William McMahon]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1971|Marso|10}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1972|Disyembre|5}} || [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]] || {{sort|010824|1 year, 8 buwan, 25 araw}} || New South Wales |- bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 21 || [[Gough Whitlam]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1972|Disyembre|5}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1975|Nobyembre|11}} || [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] || {{sort|021106|2 taon, 11 buwan, 7 araw}} || New South Wales |- bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 22 || [[Malcolm Fraser]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1975|Nobyembre|11}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1983|Marso|11}} || [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]] || {{sort|070400|7 taon, 4 buwan, 0 araw}} || Victoria |- bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 23 || [[Bob Hawke]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1983|Marso|11}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1991|Disyembre|20}} || [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] || {{sort|080909|8 taon, 9 buwan, 10 araw}} || Victoria |- bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 24 || [[Paul Keating]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1991|Disyembre|20}} || {{dts|format=dmy|1996|Marso|11}} || [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] || {{sort|040219|4 taon, 2 buwan, 20 araw}} || New South Wales |- bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 25 || [[John Howard]] || {{dts|format=dmy|1996|Marso|11}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2007|Disyembre|3}} || [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]] || {{sort|110822|11 taon, 8 buwan, 23 araw}} || New South Wales |- bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 26 || [[Kevin Rudd]] || {{dts|format=dmy|2007|Disyembre|3}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2010|Hunyo|24}} || [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] || {{sort|020621|2 taon, 6 buwan, 22 araw}} || Queensland |- bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 27 || [[Julia Gillard]] || {{dts|format=dmy|2010|Hunyo|24}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2013|Hunyo|27}} || [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] || {{sort|030003|3 taon, 0 buwan, 4 araw}} || Victoria |- bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center|{{ndash}} || [[Kevin Rudd]] || {{dts|format=dmy|2013|Hunyo|27}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2013|Setyembre|18}} || [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] || {{sort|000222|0 taon, 2 buwan, 23 araw}} || Queensland |- bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 28 || [[Tony Abbott]] || {{dts|format=dmy|2013|Setyembre|18}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2015|Setyembre|15}} || [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]] || {{sort|01{{Age in days|{{#expr:{{CURRENTYEAR}}-1}}|12|3}}|{{Age in years and days|2013|09|18}}}} || New South Wales |- bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 29 || [[Malcolm Turnbull]] || {{dts|format=dmy|2015|Setyembre|15}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2018|Agosto|24}} || [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]] || {{sort|000222|25 taon, 3 buwan, 23 araw}} || New South Wales |- bgcolor=#DDEEFF |align=center| 30 || [[Scott Morrison]] || {{dts|format=dmy|2018|Agosto|24}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2022|Mayo|23}} || [[Liberal Party of Australia|Liberal]] || {{sort|00222|3 taon, 8 buwan, 29 araw}} || New South Wales |- bgcolor=#FFE8E8 |align=center| 31 || [[Anthony Albanese]] || {{dts|format=dmy|2022|Mayo|23}} || kasalukuyan || [[Australian Labor Party|Labor]] || {{sort|00222|0 taon, 8 buwan, 0 araw}} || New South Wales |} ==Graphical timeline== {{Timeline Australian PM}} ==Nabubuhay na dating punong ministro== Sa ngayon mayroong pito na nabubuhay na dating mga punong ministro: [[Paul Keating]] (1991–1996), [[John Howard]] (1996–2007), [[Kevin Rudd]] (2007-2010, 2013), [[Julia Gillard]] (2010-2013), [[Tony Abbott]] (2013-2015), [[Malcolm Turnbull]] (2015-2018) at [[Scott Morrison]] (2018-2022). Ang pinakamatanda rito ay si Gough Whitlam (94 taong gulang; noong 22 Enero 2009, nakuha ni Whitlam ang pinakamatandang edad sa lahat ng mga nagin Punong Ministro ng Australia). Sa edad na 52, si Kevin Rudd ang pinakabatang dating punong ministro. Ang pinakamaraming bilang ng buhay na dating punong ministro sa loob ng isang panahon ay walo. Dalawang beses na itong nangyari: * Sa pagitan ng Oktubre 1941 (nang sinundan ni [[John Curtin]] si [[Arthur Fadden]]) at 18 Nobyembre 1941 (nang mamatay si [[Chris Watson]]), ang walong nabubuhay na dating punong ministro ay sina Bruce, Cook, Fadden, Hughes, Menzies, Page, Scullin at Watson * Sa pagitan ng 13 Hulyo 1945 (nang sinunadn ni [[Ben Chifley]] si [[Frank Forde]]) at 30 Hulyo 1947 (nang mamatay si Sir [[Joseph Cook]]), ang walong nabubuhay na dating punong ministro ay sina Bruce, Cook, Fadden, Forde, Hughes, Menzies, Page at Scullin. Pitong dating punong ministro ang buhay sa pagitan ng mga panahong 18 Nobyembre 1941{{ndash}} 13 Hulyo 1945, at 30 Hulyo 1947{{ndash}} 13 Hunyo 1951. Ang namatay kamakailan lang na dating punong ministro ay si Sir [[John Gorton]], na namatay noong 19 Mayo 2002. ==Backgrounds== ===Lugar ng Kapanganakan=== Siyam sa mag naging punong ministro ng Australia ay ipinanganak sa [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], pito sa [[New South Wales]], tatlo sa [[Queensland]] at isa sa [[South Australia]] at [[Tasmania]]. Anim ang hindi ipinanganak sa bansa: lima sa United Kingdom (dalawang sa [[Inglatera]], dalawa sa [[Eskosya]], isa sa [[Wales]]) at isa sa [[Tsile]]. ===Edukasyon=== Ang [[Melbourne Grammar School]] ang may pinakamaraming nagtapos na naging punong ministro (Deakin, Bruce at Fraser). Ang ilan pang mga paaralang sekundarya na pinagtapusan ng mga naging punong ministro ay ang [[Geelong Grammar School]] (Gorton, Fraser), [[Sydney Grammar School]] (Barton, McMahon) at [[Wesley College, Melbourne]] (Menzies, Holt). Lima sa mga naging punong ministro ang nagtapos sa [[Pamantasan ng Sydney]] (Barton, Page, McMahon, Whitlam, Howard). Apat ang nag-aral sa [[Pamantasan ng Melbourne]] (Deakin, Menzies, Holt, Gillard) at tatlo sa0 [[Pamantasan ng Oxford]] (Gorton, Fraser, Hawke). Walo sa mga punong ministro ang hindi nakapagtapos ng mataas na paaralan. ===Trabaho=== Labing-isang punong ministro ang nagtatrabaho bilang abogado bago pumasok sa politika (bilang karagdagan nakakuha si Hawke ng degree sa batas subalit hindi niya ito nagamit). Pitong punong ministro (lahat Australian Labor Party) ang nagsilbi bilang opisyal ng unyon ng kalakalan. Ang iba pang trabaho na ginawa ng mga punong ministro ay pamamahayag (Watson, Scullin, Curtin), pagtuturo (Lyons and Forde), diplomasya (Forde and Rudd), pagmimina (Fisher, Cook), medisina (Page), pagmamaneho ng makina (Chifley) at accountancy (Fadden). Tatlong punong ministro ang nagsilbi sa [[Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig]] (Bruce, Page at McEwen; kung saan si Bruce lamang ang nakasama sa totoong labanan). Apat ang nagsilbi sa [[Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig]] (Holt, Gorton, McMahon, at Whitlam; kung saan nagsilbi sina Gorton at Whitlam bilang tripulante sa [[Maharlikang Hukbong Panghimpapawid ng Australia]]). Bago ang pakikilahok sa politika, nahalal ang mga punong ministro sa mga parlamento ng estado ng New South Wales (Barton, Watson, Reid, Cook, Hughes), Queensland (Fisher, Fadden, Forde), Victoria (Deakin, Menzies) atTasmania (Lyons). Bilang karagdagan naging punong-bayan si Page ng [[Grafton, New South Wales|Grafton]]. ===Personal na buhay=== Lahat ng mga punong ministro maliban kay Gillard ay kinasal ng hindi bababa sa isang beses. Walang anak sina Bruce, Scullin, Chifley, McEwen at Gillard, samantalang si Lyons ay nagkaroon ng labingdalawang anak (namatay ang isa noong sanggol pa lamang). Anim na mga punong ministro ang [[Anglikanismo|Anglikan]] (Barton, Bruce, Holt, McMahon, Howard at Rudd), anim ang [[Presbiteryano]] (Fisher, Reid, Menzies, Fadden, McEwen at Fraser), lima ang [[Simbahang Katoliko Romano|Katoliko]] (Scullin, Lyons, Forde, Chifley at Keating), lima ang nagsabing wala silang relihiyon (Curtin, Gorton, Whitlam, Hawke at Gillard), dalawa ang two were [[Nagkakaisang Metodistang Simbahan|Metodista]] (Cook, Page), isa ang [[Baptist Union ng Australia|Baptist]] (Hughes), isa ang [[Unitarianism|Unitarian]] (Watson) at isa ang [[Spiritwalismo|Spiritualist]] (Deakin). Si John Curtin ang tanging punong ministro na nagsilbi sa panahon ng gaol.<ref>{{cite web|title=Curtin, John (1885 - 1945)|url=http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A130616b.htm|work=Australian Dictionary of Biography|publisher=Australian National University|accessdate=24 Hunyo 2010|year=2006|archive-date=18 Hulyo 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130718105159/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/curtin-john-9885|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Kapanganakan at kamatayan== Labingpitong mga punong ministro ang ipinanganak bago ang [[Pederasyon ng Australia]], 1 Enero 1901. Ang pinakaunang ipinanganak na punong ministro ay si [[George Reid (Politiko sa Australia)|George Reid]], ipinanganak noong 25 Pebrero 1845. Tatlong punong ministro ang namatay sa panunungkulan: Joseph Lyons (1939), John Curtin (1945) and Harold Holt (1967). Ang pagkamatay ni Holt ang hindi karaniwan{{ndash}} nawala siya habang naglalangoy, at idineklarang patay pagkatapos ng dalawang araw, hindi na natagpuan ang kanyang katawan. Matapos ang halos 38 taon, noong 2005, saka lamang opisyal na idineklara ng Victorian Coroner na nalunod siya nang siya'y nawala. Ang kauna-unahang pinanganak matapos ang Pederasyon na nagsilbi bilang punong ministro ay si [[Harold Holt]], ipinanganak 5 Agosto 1908. (Si Sir [[William McMahon]], na di naglaon ay naging punong ministro ay ipinanganak noong 23 Pebrero 1908, at ang pinakaunang pinanganak na punong ministro matapos ang Pederasyon.) Ang kauna-unahang pinanganak matapos ang [[Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig]] na nagsilbi bilang punong ministro ay si [[Malcolm Fraser]], ipinanganak noong 21 Mayo 1930. (Si [[Bob Hawke]], na sumunod kay Fraser ay ipinanganak noong 9&nbsp;Disyembre 1929, at ang kauna-unahang naipanganak sa mga punong ministrong ipinanganak pagkatapos ng WWI.) Ang kauna-unahang pinanganak matapos ang [[Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig]] na nagsilbi bilang punong ministro ay si [[Kevin Rudd]], ipinanganak 21 Setyembre 1957. Kasama rin sa kauriang ito ang kasalukuyang punong ministro na si [[Julia Gillard]], na ipinanganak noong 29 Setyembre 1961. Ang tanging mga punong ministro na ipinanganak noong kasagsagan ng alinmang digmaang pandaigdig ay sina [[Gough Whitlam]], ipinanganak noong 11 Hulyo 1916, sa kasagsagan ng Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig, at [[Paul Keating]], na ipinanganak noong 18 Enero 1944, sa kasagsagan ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig. Pitong mga punong ministro ang ipinanganak sa buwan ng Setyembre, mas marami ng dalawang sa ikalawang buwan na may pinakamaraming ipinanganak, ang Agosto. Ang pito ay sina: [[John Gorton]] (9 Setyembre), [[Joseph Lyons]] (Ika-15), [[James Scullin]] (Ika-18), Kevin Rudd (Ika-21), Ben Chifley (Ika-22), [[Billy Hughes]] (Ika-25) at [[Julia Gillard]] (Ika-29). Walang ipinanganak ng Hunyo, Oktubre o Nobyembre. Dalawang punong ministro ang may parehas na araw kapanganakan: Sina Sir [[Edmund Barton]] at Paul Keating, ipinanganak noong 18 Enero taong 1849 at 1944 ayon sa pagkakasunod. Dalawa pang punong ministro ang parehas ang araw ng kamatayan: Sina James Scullin at [[Frank Forde]], namatay noong 28 Enero taong 1953 at 1983 ayon sa pagkakasunod. ==Mga edad== Ang tatlong pinakabata nang sila'y maging punong ministro ay sina: * Chris Watson{{ndash}} 37 * Stanley Bruce{{ndash}} 39 * Robert Menzies{{ndash}} 44 Ang tatlong pinakamatanda nang sila'y maging punong ministro ay sina: * John McEwen{{ndash}} 67 * William McMahon{{ndash}} 63 * Ben Chifley{{ndash}} 59 taon 10 buwan (George Reid ay 59 taon 6 buwan). Ang tatlong pinakabata nang sila'y umalis sa punong ministro ay sina: * Chris Watson{{ndash}} 37 * Arthur Fadden{{ndash}} 46 taon 5 buwan 22 araw * Stanley Bruce{{ndash}} 46 taon 6 buwan 7 araw Ang tatlong pinakamatanda nang sila'y umalis sa punong ministro ay sina: * Robert Menzies{{ndash}} 71 * John Howard{{ndash}} 68 * John McEwen{{ndash}} 67 ==Haba ng buhay pagkatapos ng panunungkulan== ''Tandaan: Hindi kasama sa pagsusuring ito ang dalawang pinakahuling dating bagong punong ministro, sina John Howard at Kevin Rudd, na pareho pang nabubuhay.'' Namatay si [[Ben Chifley]] isang taon anim na buwan matapos ang kanyang panunungkulan bilang punong ministro. Tumagal si [[Alfred Deakin]] ng siyam na taon at limang buwan. Lahat ng iba pa ay tumagal ng hindi bababa sa sampung taon. Siyam sa kanila (Bruce, Cook, Fadden, Forde, Fraser, Gorton, Hughes, Watson, at Whitlam) ang nabuhay pa ng 25 taon matapos manungkulan, at lahat maliban sa dalawa rito ang tumagal pa ng mahigit sa 30 taon (Tumagal si Hughes ng 29 taon at 8 buwan; Si Fraser nama'y 27 taon at 3 hanggang sa kasalukuyan, subalit buhay pa hanggang ngayon). ANg pinakamatal na nabuhay ay si [[Stanley Bruce]], na namatay 37 taon at 10 buwan pagkatapos manungkulan. Kung mabubuhay pa si [[Gough Whitlam]] hanggang 25 Setyembre 2013, matatalo niya ang rekord ni Bruce (97 taong gulang na siya sa panahong iyon). ==Tingnan din== * [[Punong Ministro]] * [[Tala ng mga Punong Ministro ng Australia]] * [[Katulong na Punong Ministro ng Australia]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{Reflist}} ==Mga kawing panlabas== {{Commons|Punong Ministro ng Australia}} * [http://www.pm.gov.au/ Opisyal na Websayt ng Punong Ministro ng Australia] * [http://www.pmc.gov.au/ Kagawaran ng Punong Ministro at Gabinete] * [http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/ Mga Punong Ministro ng Australia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216030837/http://primeministers.naa.gov.au/ |date=2018-12-16 }} – National Archives of Australia reference site and research portal * [http://www.nma.gov.au/schools/school_resources/resource_websites_and_interactives/primeministers/ Biographies of Australia's Prime Ministers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060117034442/http://www.nma.gov.au/schools/school_resources/resource_websites_and_interactives/primeministers/ |date=2006-01-17 }} / National Museum of Australia * [http://dl.filmaust.com.au/tag/Prime+Ministers/ Classroom resources on Australian Prime Ministers] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080718201628/http://dl.filmaust.com.au/tag/Prime+Ministers/ |date=2008-07-18 }} {{Mga Punong Ministro ng Australia}} {{Politika ng Australia}} {{Tala ng mga Punong Ministro ng Australia}} [[Kategorya:Politika ng Australia]] [[Kategorya:Puno ng pamahalaan|Australia]] [[Kategorya:Mga Punong Ministro ng Australia|*]] m1kcm8cbp0irgritw0a6fivtc4hvw9h 4 140227 2210230 1888839 2026-06-03T15:23:06Z SammySong 161860 /* Hinihiling na Artikulo */ Humiling ng artikulo 2210230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia:WikiProject Anime and manga/Navbox}} Ito ang pahina na kung saan ay maari kang humiling ng mga artikulo na may kaugnayan sa Anime at Manga. Para sa karagdagang kaalaman, puntahan lamang ang '''[[Wikipedia:WikiProyekto Anime at manga|WikiProyekto ng Anime at Manga]]'''. == Paliwanag == === 1 === Kung ikaw ay maghihiling ng artikulo, idagdag lamang ang mga sumusunod na hanay at isulat ito sa mga sumusunod na impormasyon: |- |Bilang ng hinihiling na artikulo (kinakailangan) |Pamagat ng artikulo na gusto mong ipasulat (kinakailangan) |Artikulo mula sa Wikipedia na magiging halimbawa mo sa paggawa ng artikulo (hindi medyo kinakailangan) |Ang iyong lagda at petsa ng pagkaahiling (kinakailangan) | | |- === 2 === Kung gagawin mo naman ang artikulo, idagdag lamang ang sumusunod na impormasyon sa dalawang nalalabing hanay: |- | | | | | Ang iyong lagda na may petsa kung kailan natapos (kinakailangan) | Marka na kung saan ay malalaman kung nakuha mo na ang artikulo (kinakailangan) |- Ito ang apat na marka: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%" |- | colspan="2" | {{[[Padron:Isusulat ko pa lamang|Isusulat ko pa lamang]]}} |[[Talaksan:Nuvola apps kugar.png|32px]] |- | colspan="2" |{{[[Padron:Isinusulat ko na|Isinusulat ko na]]}} |[[Talaksan:Nuvola mimetypes ascii.png|35px]] |- |colspan="2" |{{[[Padron:Matatapos na|Matatapos na]]}} |[[Talaksan:Nuvola mimetypes gf.png|35px]] |- |colspan="2" |{{[[Padron:Naisulat|Naisulat]]}} |[[Talaksan:Nuvola apps package toys.png|35px]] |- |} Itala mo kung sakaling nakuha mo na ang artikulong nais mong baguhin. === Halimbawa === Halimbawa, ang hinihiling na artikulo. Itala lamang ang mga sumusunod: |- |1 |<nowiki>[[Anime]]</nowiki> |<nowiki>[[:ja:アニメ]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Anime]]</nowiki> |&nbsp;<nowiki>--~~~~ </nowiki> |&nbsp;<nowiki>--~~~~ </nowiki> |<nowiki>{{Naisulat}}</nowiki> |- Ito ang kalalabasan: <div style='text-align: left; font-size:88%'> {| class="wikitable sortable" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%" |- |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Bilang'''</span> |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Pamagat ng Artikulo'''</span> |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Halimbawang Artikulo'''</span> |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Humiling'''</span> |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Gumawa'''</span> |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Estado'''</span> |- |1 |[[Anime]] |[[:ja:アニメ]], [[:en:Anime]] |&nbsp;--[[Tagagamit:Shirou15|Shirou15]] 04:28, 17 Oktubre 2010 (UTC) |&nbsp;--[[Tagagamit:Shirou15|Shirou15]] 04:28, 17 Oktubre 2010 (UTC) |{{Naisulat}} |- |} </div> == Hinihiling na Artikulo == <div style='text-align: left; font-size:88%'> {| class="wikitable sortable" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%" |- |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Bilang'''</span> |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Pamagat ng Artikulo'''</span> |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Halimbawang Artikulo'''</span> |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Humiling'''</span> |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Gumawa'''</span> |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Estado'''</span> |- |1 | [[Aniplus Asia]] | [[:en:Aniplus Asia]] | [[Tagagamit:Zollerriia|Zollerriia]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:Zollerriia|makipag-usap]]) 10:22, 27 Mayo 2017 (UTC) | | |- |2 | [[B't X]] | [[:en:B't X]] | [[Tagagamit:Lrtwiki|Lrtwiki]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:Lrtwiki|makipag-usap]]) 03:26, 21 Agosto 2021 (UTC) | | |- |3 | [[Snowball Earth]] | [[:en:Snowball_Earth_(manga)]] | [[Tagagamit:SammySong|SammySong]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:SammySong|makipag-usap]]) 03:10, 3 Hunyo 2026 (UTC) | | {{Isusulat ko pa lamang}} |- |4 | | | | | |- |5 | | | | | |- |6 | | | | | |- |7 | | | | | |- |8 | | | | | |- |9 | | | | | |- |10 | | | | | |- |11 | | | | | |- |12 | | | | | |- |13 | | | | | |- |14 | | | | | |- |} [[Kategorya:WikiProyekto Anime at manga]] 2sja6dq3gt36eon4t3g9wrjwlkgk1n7 2210298 2210230 2026-06-04T04:21:08Z SammySong 161860 /* Hinihiling na Artikulo */ 2210298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikipedia:WikiProject Anime and manga/Navbox}} Ito ang pahina na kung saan ay maari kang humiling ng mga artikulo na may kaugnayan sa Anime at Manga. Para sa karagdagang kaalaman, puntahan lamang ang '''[[Wikipedia:WikiProyekto Anime at manga|WikiProyekto ng Anime at Manga]]'''. == Paliwanag == === 1 === Kung ikaw ay maghihiling ng artikulo, idagdag lamang ang mga sumusunod na hanay at isulat ito sa mga sumusunod na impormasyon: |- |Bilang ng hinihiling na artikulo (kinakailangan) |Pamagat ng artikulo na gusto mong ipasulat (kinakailangan) |Artikulo mula sa Wikipedia na magiging halimbawa mo sa paggawa ng artikulo (hindi medyo kinakailangan) |Ang iyong lagda at petsa ng pagkaahiling (kinakailangan) | | |- === 2 === Kung gagawin mo naman ang artikulo, idagdag lamang ang sumusunod na impormasyon sa dalawang nalalabing hanay: |- | | | | | Ang iyong lagda na may petsa kung kailan natapos (kinakailangan) | Marka na kung saan ay malalaman kung nakuha mo na ang artikulo (kinakailangan) |- Ito ang apat na marka: {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%" |- | colspan="2" | {{[[Padron:Isusulat ko pa lamang|Isusulat ko pa lamang]]}} |[[Talaksan:Nuvola apps kugar.png|32px]] |- | colspan="2" |{{[[Padron:Isinusulat ko na|Isinusulat ko na]]}} |[[Talaksan:Nuvola mimetypes ascii.png|35px]] |- |colspan="2" |{{[[Padron:Matatapos na|Matatapos na]]}} |[[Talaksan:Nuvola mimetypes gf.png|35px]] |- |colspan="2" |{{[[Padron:Naisulat|Naisulat]]}} |[[Talaksan:Nuvola apps package toys.png|35px]] |- |} Itala mo kung sakaling nakuha mo na ang artikulong nais mong baguhin. === Halimbawa === Halimbawa, ang hinihiling na artikulo. Itala lamang ang mga sumusunod: |- |1 |<nowiki>[[Anime]]</nowiki> |<nowiki>[[:ja:アニメ]]</nowiki>, <nowiki>[[:en:Anime]]</nowiki> |&nbsp;<nowiki>--~~~~ </nowiki> |&nbsp;<nowiki>--~~~~ </nowiki> |<nowiki>{{Naisulat}}</nowiki> |- Ito ang kalalabasan: <div style='text-align: left; font-size:88%'> {| class="wikitable sortable" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%" |- |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Bilang'''</span> |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Pamagat ng Artikulo'''</span> |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Halimbawang Artikulo'''</span> |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Humiling'''</span> |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Gumawa'''</span> |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Estado'''</span> |- |1 |[[Anime]] |[[:ja:アニメ]], [[:en:Anime]] |&nbsp;--[[Tagagamit:Shirou15|Shirou15]] 04:28, 17 Oktubre 2010 (UTC) |&nbsp;--[[Tagagamit:Shirou15|Shirou15]] 04:28, 17 Oktubre 2010 (UTC) |{{Naisulat}} |- |} </div> == Hinihiling na Artikulo == <div style='text-align: left; font-size:88%'> {| class="wikitable sortable" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="100%" |- |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Bilang'''</span> |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Pamagat ng Artikulo'''</span> |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Halimbawang Artikulo'''</span> |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Humiling'''</span> |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Gumawa'''</span> |bgcolor=lightblue|<span style='color: white'>'''Estado'''</span> |- |1 | [[Aniplus Asia]] | [[:en:Aniplus Asia]] | [[Tagagamit:Zollerriia|Zollerriia]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:Zollerriia|makipag-usap]]) 10:22, 27 Mayo 2017 (UTC) | | |- |2 | [[B't X]] | [[:en:B't X]] | [[Tagagamit:Lrtwiki|Lrtwiki]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:Lrtwiki|makipag-usap]]) 03:26, 21 Agosto 2021 (UTC) | | |- |3 | [[Snowball Earth]] | [[:en:Snowball_Earth_(manga)]] | [[Tagagamit:SammySong|SammySong]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:SammySong|makipag-usap]]) 03:10, 3 Hunyo 2026 (UTC) | [[Tagagamit:SammySong|SammySong]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:SammySong|makipag-usap]]) 16:42, 3 Hunyo 2026 (UTC)  | {{Naisulat}} |- |4 | | | | | |- |5 | | | | | |- |6 | | | | | |- |7 | | | | | |- |8 | | | | | |- |9 | | | | | |- |10 | | | | | |- |11 | | | | | |- |12 | | | | | |- |13 | | | | | |- |14 | | | | | |- |} [[Kategorya:WikiProyekto Anime at manga]] ot6y1b06zwreqpvaoz1cxfygu0kwg51 0 153297 2210260 2199982 2026-06-03T20:05:58Z InternetArchiveBot 113521 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2210260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{better-translation|date=Nobyembre 2010}} Ito ay isang '''talaan ng mga magasing manga''' batay sa bansa ng [[limbas|pagakalimbag]] (sa Hapon, o sa ibang bansa). Ang pagtatala ay nakaayos na gumagamit ng pantaas na hanay. Ibinigay ang petsa sa [[ISO 8601]] pormat ng (YYYY-MM-DD). ==Inilathala sa Hapon== <!--When editing, add magazines in alphabetical order (to make it easier to find duplicates)--> {|class="wikitable sortable" id="stripe" style="width: 98%;" ! Pangalan ! Pangalan sa Hapones ! Unang inilathala ! Huling inilathala ! Demograpiko ! Dalas ! Tagalathala ! Opisyal na sayt <!-- |- |''[[Title]]''||タイトル||YYYY-MM-DD||YYYY-MM-DD||[[Demographic]]||Frequency||[[Publisher]]||[http://www.domain.co.jp/] --> |- |''[[.hack//G.U.: The World]]''||ドットハックジーユー ザ ワールド||2005-11-26||&nbsp;||Other (male)||Monthly||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Action De Luxe]]''||アクションデラックス||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||&nbsp;||[[Futabasha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Afternoon (magazine)|Afternoon]]''||アフタヌーン||1986||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/13871] |- |''[[Animage]]''||アニメージュ||1978-05-26||&nbsp;||[[Anime]]||Monthly||[[Tokuma Shoten]]||[http://animage.jp/] |- |''[[Animedia]]''||アニメディア||1981-06-09||&nbsp;||[[Anime]]||Monthly||[[Gakken]]||[http://www.e-animedia.net/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627011639/http://www.e-animedia.net/ |date=2009-06-27 }} |- |''[[Aqua BL Kingdom]]''||アクアBLキングダム||2007||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||&nbsp;||[[Okla Publishing]]||[http://www.bl-magazine.com/pc/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602052028/http://www.bl-magazine.com/pc/ |date=2013-06-02 }} |- |''[[Asuka Ciel]]''||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||&nbsp;||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||[http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/ciel/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905042051/http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/ciel/ |date=2011-09-05 }} |- |''[[Asuka Fantasy DX]]''||月刊ASUKAファンタジーDX||1994-06-00||2000-11-00||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Ax (anime magazine)|Ax]]''||&nbsp;||1998-03-00||2001-10-00||[[Anime]]||Monthly||[[Sony Magazines]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Be x Boy]]''||&nbsp;||March 1993||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||Monthly||[[Libre Publishing]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Be x Boy Gold]]''||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||Bi-Monthly||[[Libre Publishing]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Be-Love]]''||ビー·ラブ||2007-12-15||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Semimonthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/02766] |- |''[[Bessatsu CoroCoro Comic]]''||別冊コロコロコミック||1981-04-00||&nbsp;||[[Kodomo manga|Kodomo]] (male)||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://www.shogakukan.co.jp/magazines/mag/bkoro.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112023126/http://www.shogakukan.co.jp/magazines/mag/bkoro.html |date=2008-01-12 }} |- |''[[Bessatsu Friend]]''||別冊フレンド||1965-03-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://betsufure.net/] |- |''[[Bessatsu Hana to Yume]]''||別冊花とゆめ||1977-07||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Hakusensha]]||[http://www.betsuhana.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061224205358/http://www.betsuhana.com/ |date=2006-12-24 }} |- |''[[Bessatsu Kindai Mahjong]]''||別冊近代麻雀||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Mahjong]] (male)||Monthly||[[Takeshobō]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Bessatsu Manga Action]]''||別冊漫画アクション||1974-09-00||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Futabasha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Bessatsu Margaret]]''||別冊マーガレット||1964||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://betsuma.shueisha.co.jp/] |- |''[[Bessatsu Shōnen King]]''||別冊少年キング||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Shōnen Gahōsha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine (1960s)|Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine]]''||別冊少年マガジン||1960||||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine (2010)|Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine]]''||別冊少年マガジン||2010-09-10||||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Bessatsu Shōnen Sunday]]''||別冊少年サンデー||1960||1973||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Bessatsu Weekly Manga Times]]''||別冊週刊漫画TIMES||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Houbunsha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Betsucomi]]''||ベツコミ||1970||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://www.betsucomi.shogakukan.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120113639/http://www.betsucomi.shogakukan.co.jp/ |date=2012-11-20 }} |- |''[[Big Comic]]''||ビッグコミック||1968-02-29||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Semimonthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://big-3.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206234130/http://big-3.jp/ |date=2015-02-06 }} |- |''[[Big Comic For Lady]]''||ビッグコミックfor Ladies||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||&nbsp;||[[Shogakukan]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Big Comic Original]]''||ビッグコミックオリジナル||1972||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Semimonthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://big-3.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206234130/http://big-3.jp/ |date=2015-02-06 }} |- |''[[Big Comic Pockets]]''||ビッグコミックポケッツ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||&nbsp;||[[Shogakukan]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Big Comic Spirits]]''||ビッグコミックスピリッツ||1980-10-14||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://spi-net.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030217123817/http://spi-net.jp/ |date=2003-02-17 }} |- |''[[Big Comic Superior]]''||ビッグコミックスペリオール||1987-07-01||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Semimonthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://big-3.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206234130/http://big-3.jp/ |date=2015-02-06 }} |- |''[[Big Gold (magazine)|Big Gold]]''||ビッグゴールド||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||&nbsp;||[[Shogakukan]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Boy Pierce]]''||||1997||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||Bimonthly||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Boy's Life (Japanese magazine)|Boy's Life]]''||ボーイズライフ||1963-04-01||1969-08-01||[[Shōnen]], [[shōnen manga]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Boy's Love (magazine)|Boy's Love]]''||||2004-08-00||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||Bimonthly||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Business Jump]]''||ビジネスジャンプ||1985-07-00||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://bj.shueisha.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722094937/http://bj.shueisha.co.jp/ |date=2011-07-22 }} |- |''[[Champion Red]]''||チャンピオンレッド||2002-08-22||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Akita Shoten]]||[http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=020] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411043045/http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=020 |date=2010-04-11 }} |- |''[[Champion Red Ichigo]]''||チャンピオンレッドいちご||2006-12-26||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Bimonthly||[[Akita Shoten]]||[http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=044] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304170152/http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=044 |date=2012-03-04 }} |- |''[[Charano!]]''||キャラの!||2006-09-00||&nbsp;||Other (male)||Bimonthly||[[Hobby Japan]]||[http://www.hobbyjapan.co.jp/hjbunko/charano/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213024756/http://www.hobbyjapan.co.jp/hjbunko/charano/ |date=2013-02-13 }} |- |''[[Cheese!]]''||チーズ!||1996-07-24||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://cheese.shogakukan.co.jp/] |- |''[[Chorus (magazine)|Chorus]]''||コーラス||1994||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://chorus.shueisha.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060702112939/http://chorus.shueisha.co.jp/ |date=2006-07-02 }} |- |''[[Chuchu (magazine)|Chuchu]]''||ちゅちゅ||2005-12-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://www.chuchu.jp/] |- |''[[Ciao (magazine)|Ciao]]''||ちゃお||1977-09-03||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://www.ciao.shogakukan.co.jp/] |- |''[[Ciel Tres Tres]]''||シエル トレトレ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||&nbsp;||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||[http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/ciel/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905042051/http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/ciel/ |date=2011-09-05 }} |- |''[[COM (manga magazine)|COM]]''||コム||1967-01-00||1972||Alternative||Monthly||[[Osamu Tezuka]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Combat Comic]]''||月刊コンバットコミック||1986||2001||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Nihon Shuppansha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Comi Digi +]]''||隔月コミデジ+||2006-04-21||2008-08-21||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Bimonthly||[[Flex Comix]]||[http://www.broccoli.co.jp/bbi/comi_plus/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928025718/http://www.broccoli.co.jp/bbi/comi_plus/ |date=2011-09-28 }} |- |''[[Comic Amour]]''||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]] ([[Hentai|adult]])||&nbsp;||[[Dream Maker]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Comic Are!]]''||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Alternative||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Comic Beam]]''||コミックビーム||1995-11-11||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Enterbrain]]||[http://www.enterbrain.co.jp/comic/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223224553/http://www.enterbrain.co.jp/comic/ |date=2011-02-23 }} |- |''[[Comic Birz]]''||月刊コミックバーズ||1996-07-00||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthyl||[[Gentosha]]||[http://www.gentosha-comics.net/birz/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125033236/https://www.gentosha-comics.net/birz/ |date=2021-01-25 }} |- |''[[Comic Blade Brownie]]''||コミックブレイドブラウニー||2008-12-10||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]/[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Quarterly||[[Mag Garden]]||[http://www.mag-garden.co.jp/comic-blade/brownie/top.html] |- |''[[Comic Blade Masamune]]''||コミックブレイドマサムネ||2002-12-00||2007-06-00||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Bimonthly||[[Mag Garden]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Comic Bom Bom]]''||コミックボンボン||1981-10-15||2007-12-00||[[Kodomo manga|Kodomo]] (male)||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Comic Cue]]''||コミックCUE||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Academic||&nbsp;||[[East Press]]||[http://www.eastpress.co.jp/srh_book.php?cat=36] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815054852/http://eastpress.co.jp/srh_book.php?cat=36 |date=2014-08-15 }} |- |''[[Comic Crimson]]''||コミック クリムゾン||1998-03-00||2003-05-00||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Bimonthly||[[Sobisha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Comic Flapper]]''||コミックフラッパー||1999-11-05||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Media Factory]]||[http://www.comic-flapper.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027011501/http://www.comic-flapper.com/ |date=2005-10-27 }} |- |''[[Comic Gum]]''||コミックガム||1996||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Wani Books]]||[http://www.comicgum.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109161221/http://www.comicgum.com/ |date=2012-11-09 }} |- |''[[Comic High!]]''||コミック·ハイ!||2004-03-02||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Futabasha]]||[http://www.comichigh.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801073202/http://comichigh.jp/ |date=2015-08-01 }} |- |''[[Comic June]]''||コミックJUNE||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||Bimonthly||[[Magazine Magazine]]||[http://june-net.com] |- |''[[Comic LO]]''||成年コミックエルオー||2002-10-00||&nbsp;||[[Lolicon]] ([[Hentai|adult]], male)||Monthly||[[Akane Shinsha]]||[http://www.akaneshinsha.co.jp/online/lo/lo-top.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021234347/http://www.akaneshinsha.co.jp/online/lo/lo-top.html |date=2013-10-21 }} |- |''[[Comic MegaStore]]''||コミックメガストア||2003-06-17||&nbsp;||[[Hentai|Adult]] (male)||Monthly||[[Core Magazine]]||[http://www.coremagazine.co.jp/comimega/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905185009/http://www.coremagazine.co.jp/comimega/ |date=2011-09-05 }} |- |''[[Comic MegaStore H]]''||コミックメガストアH||2003-06-01||&nbsp;||[[Hentai|Adult]] (male)||Monthly||[[Core Magazine]]||[http://www.coremagazine.co.jp/comimegah/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905185016/http://www.coremagazine.co.jp/comimegah/ |date=2011-09-05 }} |- |''[[Comic Rex]]''||コミックレックス||2005-12-09||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Ichijinsha]]||[http://www.ichijinsha.co.jp/rex/] |- |''[[Comic RIN]]''||コミックリン||2004-12-16||&nbsp;||[[Hentai|Adult]] (male)||Monthly||[[Akane Shinsha]]||[http://www.akaneshinsha.co.jp/online/rin/rin-top.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016213145/http://www.akaneshinsha.co.jp/online/rin/rin-top.html |date=2013-10-16 }} |- |''[[Comic Rush]]''||月刊コミックラッシュ||2004-01-26||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Jive (publisher)|Jive]]||[http://rush.jive-ltd.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060423173216/http://rush.jive-ltd.co.jp/ |date=2006-04-23 }} |- |''[[Comic Sigma]]''||コミック シグマ||2006-09-29||&nbsp;||[[Hentai|Adult]] (male)||Monthly||[[Akane Shinsha]]||[http://www.akaneshinsha.co.jp/online/sigma/sigma-top.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218141044/http://www.akaneshinsha.co.jp/online/sigma/sigma-top.html |date=2014-02-18 }} |- |''[[Sylph (magazine)|Comic Sylph]]''||シルフ||2006-12-09||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[ASCII Media Works]]||[http://sylph.dengeki.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115090959/http://sylph.dengeki.com/ |date=2013-01-15 }} |- |''[[Comic Tenma]]''||コミック天魔||1998-06-00||&nbsp;||[[Hentai|Adult]] (male)||Monthly||[[Akane Shinsha]]||[http://www.akaneshinsha.co.jp/online/tenma/tenma-top.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718165950/http://www.akaneshinsha.co.jp/online/tenma/tenma-top.html |date=2011-07-18 }} |- |''[[Comic Yell!]]''||コミックエール!||2007-05-11||2009-05-09||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||&nbsp;||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://www.comicyell.com/] |- |''[[Comic Yuri Hime]]''||コミック百合姫||2005-07-00||&nbsp;||[[Yuri (genre)|Yuri]]||Quarterly||[[Ichijinsha]]||[http://www.ichijinsha.co.jp/yurihime/] |- |''[[Comic Yuri Hime S]]''||コミック百合姫S||2007-06-18||&nbsp;||[[Yuri (genre)|Yuri]] (male)||Quarterly||[[Ichijinsha]]||[http://www.ichijinsha.co.jp/yurihime_s/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221225635/http://ichijinsha.co.jp/yurihime_s/ |date=2014-12-21 }} |- |''[[Comp Ace]]''||月刊コンプ エース||2005-03-26||&nbsp;||[[Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||[http://www.comptiq.com/ace/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928195326/http://www.comptiq.com/ |date=2011-09-28 }} |- |''[[Comptiq]]''||コンプティーク||1983-11-10||&nbsp;||Other (male)||Monthly||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||[http://www.comptiq.com/] |- |''[[Cookie (manga)|Cookie]]''||クッキー||1999||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://cookie.shueisha.co.jp/] |- |''[[CoroCoro Comic]]''||月刊コロコロコミック||1977-04-15||&nbsp;||[[Kodomo manga|Kodomo]] (male)||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://corocoro.tv/] |- |''[[CoroCoro Ichiban!]]''||コロコロイチバン!||2005-03-25||&nbsp;||[[Kodomo manga|Kodomo]] (male)||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://coro1.jp/] |- |''[[Craft]]''||クラフト||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||&nbsp;||[[Taiyou Tosho]]||[http://www.bs-garden.com/system/craft.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713225114/http://www.bs-garden.com/system/craft.php |date=2014-07-13 }} |- |''[[Cutie Comic]]''||キューティ·コミック||1998||2001-07-00||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Monthly||[[Takarajimasha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Dengeki Comic Gao!]]''||月刊電撃コミックガオ!||1992-12-27||2008-02-27||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[MediaWorks (publisher)|MediaWorks]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Dengeki Daioh]]''||月刊コミック電撃大王||1994-04-18||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[ASCII Media Works]]||[http://daioh.dengeki.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826021234/http://daioh.dengeki.com/ |date=2014-08-26 }} |- |''[[Dengeki G's Festival! Comic]]''||電撃G's Festival! COMIC||2007-11-26||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Irregular||[[ASCII Media Works]]||[http://gs.dengeki.com/book/festivalcomic01/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013120424/http://gs.dengeki.com/book/festivalcomic01/ |date=2009-10-13 }} |- |''[[Dengeki G's Magazine]]''||電撃G's magazine||1992-12-26||&nbsp;||Other (male)||Monthly||[[ASCII Media Works]]||[http://gs.dengeki.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505231818/http://gs.dengeki.com/ |date=2021-05-05 }} |- |''[[Dengeki Kuro Maoh]]''||電撃黒「マ王||2007-09-19||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Quarterly||[[ASCII Media Works]]||[http://maoh.dengeki.com/black/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090518124832/http://maoh.dengeki.com/black/ |date=2009-05-18 }} |- |''[[Dengeki Maoh]]''||電撃「マ 王||2005-10-27||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[ASCII Media Works]]||[http://maoh.dengeki.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090518124832/http://maoh.dengeki.com/black/ |date=2009-05-18 }} |- |''[[Dengeki Moeoh]]''||電撃萌王||2002-03-26||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Bimonthly||[[ASCII Media Works]]||[http://moeoh.dengeki.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031073046/http://moeoh.dengeki.com/ |date=2013-10-31 }} |- |''[[Dengeki Teioh]]''||電撃帝王||2004-04-26||2006-11-26||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Quarterly||[[ASCII Media Works]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Dessert (magazine)|Dessert]]||デザート||July 1996||end||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/16541] |- |''[[Dragon Age Pure]]''||ドラゴンエイジピュア||2006-01-30||2009-02-20||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Bimonthly||[[Fujimi Shobo]]||[http://www.fujimishobo.co.jp/pure/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124015712/http://fujimishobo.co.jp/pure |date=2009-01-24 }} |- |''[[drap (magazine)|drap]]''||ドラ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[http://www.coremagazine.co.jp/drap/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905185037/http://www.coremagazine.co.jp/drap/ |date=2011-09-05 }} |- |''[[Erotics F]]''||マンガ·エロティクス·エフ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Erotica]]||&nbsp;||[[Ohta Books]]||[http://www.ohtabooks.com/eroticsf/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613001411/http://www.ohtabooks.com/eroticsf/ |date=2010-06-13 }} |- |''[[Evening (magazine)|Evening]]''||イブニング||2001-08-00||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Semimonthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://www.e-evening.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403082018/http://www.e-evening.jp/ |date=2009-04-03 }} |- |''[[Fanny (magazine)|Fanny]]''||ファニー||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Fantasia Battle Royal]]''||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Other (male)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Feel Young]]''||フィール·ヤング||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Monthly||[[Shodensha]]||[http://www.shodensha.co.jp/fy/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605140431/http://www.shodensha.co.jp/fy/ |date=2011-06-05 }} |- |''[[Flowers (magazine)|Flowers]]''||フラワーズ||2002-04-27||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://flowers.shogakukan.co.jp/] |- |''[[For Mrs.]]''||フォアミセス||1986-12-00||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Monthly||[[Akita Shoten]]||[http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=037] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214094348/http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=037 |date=2012-02-14 }} |- |''[[Fresh Gangan]]''||フレッシュガンガン||1992-04-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Irregular||[[Square Enix]]||[http://gangan.square-enix.co.jp/fresh/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091121211625/http://gangan.square-enix.co.jp/fresh/ |date=2009-11-21 }} |- |''[[Gangan Powered]]''||ガンガンパワード||2001-03-00||2009-02-00||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Square Enix]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Garo (magazine)|Garo]]''||ガロ||1964-07-00||2002-12-00||Alternative||Monthly||[[Katsuichi Nagai]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Gekkan Young King]]''||月刊ヤングキング||2006-10-19||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Shōnen Gahōsha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Gessan]]''||ゲッサン||2009-05-12||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://gekkansunday.net/] |- |''[[GFantasy]]''||月刊Gファンタジー||1993-03-18||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Square Enix]]||[http://www.square-enix.co.jp/magazine/gfantasy/] |- |''[[Good! Afternoon]]''||good!アフタヌーン||2008-11-07||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Irregular||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/13872] |- |''[[Gundam Ace]]''||ガンダムエース||2001-06-25||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||[http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/gundam/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905042101/http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/gundam/ |date=2011-09-05 }} |- |''[[Hana to Yume]]''||花とゆめ||1974-04-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Semimonthly||[[Hakusensha]]||[http://www.hanayume.com/hanayume/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820235236/http://www.hanayume.com/hanayume/ |date=2014-08-20 }} |- |''[[Hanaoto]]''||花音||1994-09-00||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://hanaoto.net/] |- |''[[Hanaoto Gold]]''||花音ゴールド||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||&nbsp;||[[Houbunsha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Hanayume EX]]''||花ゆめEX||1983||1985||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Semiannual||[[Hakusensha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Hontō ni Atta Yukai na Hanashi]]''||本当にあったゆかいな話||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Takeshobo]]||[http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat06/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210103009/http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat06/ |date=2010-12-10 }} |- |''[[Hontō ni Atta Yukai na Hanashi DX]]''||本当にあったゆかいな話デラックス||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Takeshobo]]||[http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat06/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210103009/http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat06/ |date=2010-12-10 }} |- |''[[Ichi Raci]]''||いち*ラキ||2001-10-24||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||Monthly||[[Tōsuisha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Ikki (magazine)|Ikki]]''||月刊IKKI||2003-04-00||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://www.ikki-para.com/] |- |''[[Jossie (Hakusensha)|Jossie]]''||ジョシィ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Irregular||[[Hakusensha]]||[http://www.hakusensha.co.jp/silky_web/jossie/] |- |''[[Judy (Shogakukan)|Judy]]''||ジュディ||&nbsp;||2008-08-23||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Jump Square]]''||ジャンプスクエア||2007-11-02||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://jumpsq.shueisha.co.jp/] |- |''[[Keitai Manga Town]]''||ケータイまんがタウン||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Futabasha]]||[http://www.futabasha.co.jp/mobile/mmtown/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917045948/http://www.futabasha.co.jp/mobile/mmtown/ |date=2014-09-17 }} |- |''[[Kerokero Ace]]''||ケロケロエース||2007-10-26||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||[http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/mag/kerokero/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616042030/http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/mag/kerokero/ |date=2016-06-16 }} |- |''[[Kindai Mahjong Gold]]''||近代麻雀ゴールド||&nbsp;||2006-02-00||[[Mahjong]] (male)||Monthly||[[Takeshobō]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Kindai Mahjong Original]]''||近代麻雀オリジナル||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Mahjong]] (male)||Monthly||[[Takeshobō]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Kiss (magazine)|Kiss]]''||キス||2007-12-25||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Semimonthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/02292] |- |''[[Kōshoku Shōnen no Susume]]''||好色少年のススメ||2002-12-11||2006-09-25||[[Shotacon]] (male)||Irregular||[[Akane Shinsha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[LaLa]]''||ララ||1976-07-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Hakusensha]]||[http://www.hakusensha.co.jp/cgi-bin/mag/magazine.cgi?mode=magazine&magmode=mag03&day=now] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507023357/http://www.hakusensha.co.jp/cgi-bin/mag/magazine.cgi?mode=magazine&magmode=mag03&day=now |date=2008-05-07 }} |- |''[[LaLa DX]]''||ララ デラックス||1985||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Hakusensha]]||[http://www.hakusensha.co.jp/cgi-bin/mag/magazine.cgi?mode=magazine&magmode=mag03&day=now] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507023357/http://www.hakusensha.co.jp/cgi-bin/mag/magazine.cgi?mode=magazine&magmode=mag03&day=now |date=2008-05-07 }} |- |''[[Lemon People]]''||レモンピープル||1981-12-00||1998||[[Hentai|Adult]] (male)||Monthly||[[Kubo Shoten]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Love Shota]]''||らぶショタ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shotacon]] (male)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Magazine Be x Boy]]''||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||&nbsp;||[[Libre Shuppan]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Magazine SPECIAL]]''||マガジンスペシャル||1983||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/20658/newest] |- |''[[Magazine Z]]''||月刊マガジンZ||1999||2009-01-26||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Magi-Cu]]''||マジキュー||2001-04-27||&nbsp;||Other (male)||Monthly||[[Enterbrain]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Manga 4-koma Kings Palette]]''||まんが4コマKINGSぱれっと||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]] (male)||Monthly||[[Ichijinsha]]||[http://www.ichijinsha.co.jp/palette/] |- |''[[Manga 4-koma Kings Palette Lite]]''||まんが4コマKINGSぱれっと||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]] (male)||Monthly||[[Ichijinsha]]||[http://www.ichijinsha.co.jp/palette_lite/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090404124142/http://www.ichijinsha.co.jp/palette_lite/ |date=2009-04-04 }} |- |''[[Manga Burikko]]''||漫画ブリッコ||1983||1986||[[Lolicon]] ([[Hentai|adult]], male)||Monthly||[[Serufu Shuppan]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Manga Club]]''||まんがくらぶ||1987-03-00||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Takeshobo]]||[http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat01/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329112842/http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat01/ |date=2015-03-29 }} |- |''[[Manga Club Original]]''||まんがくらぶオリジナル||1999-05-00||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Takeshobo]]||[http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat02/] |- |''[[Manga Home]]''||まんがホーム||1987-11-03||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/cgi-local/cgi/_magazineView2.pl?code=mh]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Manga Life]]''||まんがライフ||1984-11-00||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Takeshobo]]||[http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat03/] |- |''[[Manga Life Momo]]''||まんがライフMOMO||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Takeshobo]]||[http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat05/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417020503/http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat05/ |date=2015-04-17 }} |- |''[[Manga Life Original]]''||まんがライフオリジナル||1988-07-11||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Takeshobo]]||[http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat04/] |- |''[[Manga Life Selection]]''||まんがライフセレクション||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||&nbsp;||[[Takeshobo]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Manga Pachinker]]''||漫画パチンカー||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Pachinko]]||Monthly||[[Byakuya-Shobo]]||[http://www.byakuya-shobo.co.jp/index.php?cPath=24_43] |- |''[[Manga Time]]''||まんがタイム||1981-05-07||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/cgi-local/cgi/_magazineView2.pl?code=mt]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Manga Time Collection]]''||まんがタイムコレクション||1995-11-00||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Irregular||[[Houbunsha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Manga Time Family]]''||まんがタイムファミリー||1984-08-00||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/cgi-local/cgi/_magazineView2.pl?code=mtf]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Manga Time Jumbo]]''||まんがタイムジャンボ||1995-04-12||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/cgi-local/cgi/_magazineView2.pl?code=mtj]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Manga Time Kirara]]''||まんがタイムきらら||2004-09-09||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]] (male)||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/cgi-local/cgi/_magazineView2.pl?code=mtk]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Manga Time Kirara Carat]]''||まんがタイムきららCarat||2005-09-28||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]] (male)||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/cgi-local/cgi/_magazineView2.pl?code=mtkc]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Manga Time Kirara Forward]]''||まんがタイムきららフォワード||2006-03-23||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://www.dokidokivisual.com/magazine/forward/] |- |''[[Manga Time Kirara Max]]''||まんがタイムきららMAX||2004-09-29||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]] (male)||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/cgi-local/cgi/_magazineView2.pl?code=mtkm]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Manga Time Lovely]]''||まんがタイムラブリー||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/cgi-local/cgi/_magazineView2.pl?code=mtl]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Manga Time Original]]''||まんがタイムオリジナル||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/cgi-local/cgi/_magazineView2.pl?code=mto]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Manga Time Special]]''||まんがタイムスペシャル||1992-06-00||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/cgi-local/cgi/_magazineView2.pl?code=mts]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Manga Town]]''||まんがタウン||2000-11-05||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Futabasha]]||[http://www.futabasha.co.jp/magazine/manga_town.html] |- |''[[Manga Town Original]]''||まんがタウンオリジナル||2002-11-00||2006-09-00||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Futabasha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Margaret (magazine)|Margaret]]''||マーガレット||1963||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Semimonthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://margaret.shueisha.co.jp/] |- |''[[Megami Magazine]]''||メガミマガジン||1999-07-28||&nbsp;||[[Anime]] (male)||Monthly||[[Gakken]]||[http://www.e-animedia.net/b_megami.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627013507/http://www.e-animedia.net/b_megami.html |date=2009-06-27 }} |- |''[[Melody (magazine)|Melody]]''||メロディ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Hakusensha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Mimi (magazine)|Mimi]]''||ミミ||1975||1996||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Mist (magazine)|Mist]]''||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yuri (genre)|Yuri]] (female)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Monthly Asuka]]''||月刊あすか||1985||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||[http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/mag/asuka/] |- |''[[Monthly Comic Alive]]''||月刊コミックアライブ||2006-06-27||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Media Factory]]||[http://www.mediafactory.co.jp/comic-alive/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828140304/http://www.mediafactory.co.jp/comic-alive/ |date=2011-08-28 }} |- |''[[Monthly Comic Avarus]]''<br />(formerly ''Monthly Comic Blade Avarus'')||月刊コミックアヴァルス<br />(formerly 月刊コミックブレイドアヴァルス)||2007-09-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Mag Garden]]||[http://www.mag-garden.co.jp/comic-blade/avarus/top.html] |- |''[[Monthly Comic Blade]]''||月刊コミックブレイド||2002-02-28||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Mag Garden]]||[http://www.mag-garden.co.jp/comic-blade/top.html] |- |''[[Monthly Comic BunBun]]''<br />(formerly ''Pre Comic BunBun'')||月刊コミックブンブン<br />(formerly プレコミックブンブン)||2003-12-16||&nbsp;||[[Kodomo manga|Kodomo]] (male)||Monthly||[[Poplar Publishing]]||[http://www.bun-bun.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517071316/http://bun-bun.jp/ |date=2014-05-17 }} |- |''[[Monthly Comic Dragon]]''||月刊コミックドラゴン||1992-09-00||2003-04-00||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Fujimi Shobo]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Monthly Comic Ryū]]''||月刊COMICリュウ||1979||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Tokuma Shoten]]||[http://comicryu.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304153647/http://comicryu.com/ |date=2012-03-04 }} |- |''[[Monthly Comic Zero Sum]]''||月刊コミックZERO-SUM||2002-03-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Ichijinsha]]||[http://www.ichijinsha.co.jp/zerosum/] |- |''[[Monthly Dragon Age]]''||月刊ドラゴンエイジ||2003-04-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Fujimi Shobo]]||[http://www.fujimishobo.co.jp/webage/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804145422/http://www.fujimishobo.co.jp/webage/ |date=2019-08-04 }} |- |''[[Monthly Dragon Junior]]''||月刊ドラゴンジュニア||1997-07-26||2003||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Fujimi Shobo]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Dragon Magazine (Fujimi Shobo)|Monthly Dragon Magazine]]''||ドラゴンマガジン||1988-01-30||&nbsp;||Other (male)||Monthly||[[Fujimi Shobo]]||[http://www.fujimishobo.co.jp/novel/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914210447/http://www.fujimishobo.co.jp/novel/ |date=2011-09-14 }} |- |''[[Monthly Gangan Joker]]''||月刊ガンガンJOKER||2009-04-22||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Square Enix]]||[http://www.square-enix.com/jp/magazine/joker/] |- |''[[Monthly Gangan Wing]]''||月刊ガンガンWING||1996||2009-02-26||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Square Enix]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Monthly Manga Shōnen]]''||月刊漫画少年||1947-12-00||1955-10-00||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Monthly Shōnen Captain]]''||月刊少年キャプテン||1985-01-00||1997-01-00||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Tokuma Shoten]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Monthly Shōnen Champion]]''<br />(formerly ''Bessatsu Shōnen Champion'')||月刊少年チャンピオン||1970-03-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Akita Shoten]]||[http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214094407/http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=004 |date=2012-02-14 }} |- |''[[Monthly Shōnen Gangan]]''||月刊少年ガンガン||1991||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Square Enix]]||[http://gangan.square-enix.co.jp/] |- |''[[Monthly Shōnen Jets]]''||月刊少年ジェッツ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Hakusensha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Monthly Shōnen Jump]]''<br />(formerly ''Bessatsu Shōnen Jump'')||月刊少年ジャンプ<br />(formerly 別冊少年ジャンプ)||1970-02-06||2007-06-06||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://mj.shueisha.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020132354/http://mj.shueisha.co.jp/ |date=2007-10-20 }} |- |''[[Monthly Shōnen Magazine]]''<br />(formerly ''Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine'')||月刊少年マガジン<br />(formerly 別冊少年マガジン)||1964||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/04777] |- |''[[Monthly Shōnen Rival]]''||月刊少年ライバル||2008-04-04||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/14755] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705172030/http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/14755 |date=2014-07-05 }} |- |''[[Monthly Shōnen Sirius]]''||月刊少年シリウス||May 2005||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/14709] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724143535/http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/14709 |date=2014-07-24 }} |- |''[[Monthly Super Action]]''||スーパーアクション||1983||1987||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Futabasha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Monthly Shōnen World]]''||月刊少年ワールド||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Ushio Publishing]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Morning 2]]''||モーニング·ツー||2006-08-10||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://morningmanga.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114131954/http://morningmanga.com// |date=2013-11-14 }} |- |''[[Mōsō Shōnen]]''||妄想少年||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shotacon]] (female)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Nakayoshi]]''||なかよし||1954-12-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/01033] |- |''[[Newtype (magazine)|Newtype]]''||月刊ニュータイプ||1985-03-08||&nbsp;||[[Anime]]/[[Manga]] news||Monthly||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||[http://anime.webnt.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901174153/http://anime.webnt.jp/ |date=2011-09-01 }} |- |''[[Oh Super Jump]]''||オースーパージャンプ||2005-01-00||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://sj.shueisha.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112100219/http://sj.shueisha.co.jp/ |date=2012-01-12 }} |- |''[[Opera (manga magazine)|Opera]]''||オペラ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Otoko Musume no Ko Heaven]]''||男娘の子HEAVEN||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shotacon]] (male)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Pachinker World]]''||パチンカーワールド||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Pachinko]]||Monthly||[[Byakuya-Shobo]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Petit Comic]]''||プチコミック||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://www.petitcomic.com/] |- |''[[Play Comic]]''||プレイコミック||1968-06-00||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Semimonthly||[[Akita Shoten]]||[http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=003] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318164846/http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=003 |date=2012-03-18 }} |- |''[[Princess (magazine)|Princess]]''||プリンセス||1974||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Akita Shoten]]||[http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081112215209/http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=007 |date=2008-11-12 }} |- |''[[Princess Gold]]''||プリンセスGOLD||2002||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Akita Shoten]]||[http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=008] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090927020027/http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=008 |date=2009-09-27 }} |- |''[[Racish]]''||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]] (female)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Ribon]]''||りぼん||1955-08-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://ribon.shueisha.co.jp/] |- |''[[Ribon Original]]''||りぼんオリジナル||1981||2006-06-00||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Bimonthly||[[Shueisha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shōjo Comic]]''||少女コミック||1968-04-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Semimonthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://www.sho-comi.com/] |- |''[[Shōjo Friend]]''||少女フレンド||1962||1996-09-00||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shōnen Ai no Bigaku]]''||少年愛の美学||2003-06-15||2008-11-27||[[Shotacon]] (male)||Irregular||[[Shobukan]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shōnen Ace]]''||月刊少年エース||1994-10-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||[http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/mag/ace/] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20040401103450/http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/mag/ace/ |date=2004-04-01 }} |- |''[[Shōnen Big Comic]]''<br />formerly ''Weekly Shōnen Big Comic'' and ''Manga-kun''||少年ビッグコミック<br />(formerly 週刊少年ビッグコミック and マンガくん)||1976-12-00||1987||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Bi-weekly||[[Shogakukan]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shōnen Iro Zukan]]''||少年色図鑑||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shotacon]] (male)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shonen Magazine]]''||週刊少年マガジン||1959-03-17||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Weekly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://www.shonenmagazine.com/] |- |''[[Shōnen Magazine Wonder]]''||マガジンワンダー||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shōnen Romance]]''||少年浪漫||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shotacon]] (female)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shōnen Shikō]]''||少年嗜好||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shotacon]] (male)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shōnen Sunday Super]]''<br />(formerly ''Shōnen Sunday Zokan'')||少年サンデー超<br />(formerly 週刊少年サンデー増刊号)||1978||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Bimonthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://www.websunday.net/super/] |- |''[[Shōnen Yūgi]]''||少年遊戯||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shotacon]] (male)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shota Comi]]''||ショタコミ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shotacon]] (female)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shota Mimi Love]]''||ショタみみLOVE||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shotacon]] (female)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shota Tama]]''||ショタ魂||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shotacon]] (female)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Silky (magazine)|Silky]]''||シルキー||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Monthly||[[Hakusensha]]||[http://www.hakusensha.co.jp/silky_web/] |- |''[[Sunday GX]]''||月刊サンデーGENE-X||2000-06-19||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://www.websunday.net/gx/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110141106/http://websunday.net/gx/ |date=2011-01-10 }} |- |''[[Super Jump]]''||スーパージャンプ||1986-12-20||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Semimonthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://sj.shueisha.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112100219/http://sj.shueisha.co.jp/ |date=2012-01-12 }} |- |''[[Ultra Jump]]''||ウルトラ ジャンプ||1999||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://ultra.shueisha.co.jp/] |- |''[[V-Jump]]''||ブイジャンプ||1993||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://vjump.shueisha.co.jp/] |- |''[[Weekly Comic Bunch]]''||週刊コミックバンチ||2001-05-15||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Coamix]]/[[Shinchosha]]||[http://www.comicbunch.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802104733/http://www.comicbunch.com/ |date=2012-08-02 }} |- |''[[Weekly Manga Action]]''||週刊漫画アクション||1967-07-07||||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Futabasha]]||[http://www.futabasha.co.jp/magazine/action.html] |- |''[[Weekly Manga Goraku]]''||週刊漫画ゴラク||1968||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Nihon Bungeisha]]||[http://www.nihonbungeisha.co.jp/goraku/] |- |''[[Weekly Manga Sunday]]''||週刊漫画サンデー||1959||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Jitsugyo no Nihon Sha]]||[https://www.j-n.co.jp/cgi-bin/product_detail.cgi?magseries=080-000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129110855/http://www.j-n.co.jp/cgi-bin/product_detail.cgi?magseries=080-000 |date=2012-01-29 }} |- |''[[Weekly Manga Tengoku]]''||週刊漫画天国||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Nihon Bungeisha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Weekly Manga Times]]''||週刊漫画TIMES||1956-11-00||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/magazine/view/f_maga_smt.shtml]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Weekly Manga Times Zokan]]''||週刊漫画TIMES増刊||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Houbunsha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Weekly Morning]]''<br />(formerly ''Comic Morning'')||週刊モーニング<br />(formerly コミックモーニング)||1982||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://morningmanga.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114131954/http://morningmanga.com// |date=2013-11-14 }} |- |''[[Weekly Shōnen Action]]''||週刊少年アクション||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Weekly||[[Futabasha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Weekly Shōnen Champion]]''||週刊少年チャンピオン||1969-07-||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Weekly||[[Akita Shoten]]||[http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=001] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325020452/http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=001 |date=2012-03-25 }} |- |''[[Weekly Shōnen Jump]]''||週刊少年ジャンプ||1968-07-02||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Weekly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://jump.shueisha.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081108004231/http://jump.shueisha.co.jp/ |date=2008-11-08 }} |- |''[[Weekly Shōnen King]]''||週刊少年キング||1963-07-08||1988||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Weekly||[[Shōnen Gahōsha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Weekly Shōnen Magazine]]''||週刊少年マガジン||1989||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Weekly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/02065] |- |''[[Weekly Shōnen Sunday]]''||週刊少年サンデー||1959-03-17||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Weekly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://websunday.net/] |- |''[[Weekly Young Jump]]''||週刊ヤングジャンプ||1979-05-00||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://yj.shueisha.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116232524/http://yj.shueisha.co.jp/ |date=2011-11-16 }} |- |''[[Weekly Young Sunday]]''||週刊ヤングサンデー||1987-04-10||2008-07-31||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Weekly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://www.youngsunday.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514080937/http://www.youngsunday.com/ |date=2008-05-14 }} |- |''[[Wings (manga magazine)|Wings]]''||月刊ウィングス||1982||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Shinshokan]]||[http://www.shinshokan.com/comic/w/] |- |''[[Yan Mama Comic]]''||ヤンママコミック||1995||1997||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Monthly||[[Kasakura Publishing]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[You (magazine)|You]]''||ユー||1980||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Semimonthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://you.shueisha.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503050449/http://you.shueisha.co.jp/sakka/profile/morimoto/index.html |date=2008-05-03 }} |- |''[[Young Ace]]''||ヤングエース||2009-07-04||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||[http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/ya/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212163209/http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/ya/ |date=2015-12-12 }} |- |''[[Young Animal]]''<br />(formerly ''Animal House'')||ヤングアニマル<br />(formerly アニマルハウス)||1989||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Semimonthly||[[Hakusensha]]||[http://www.younganimal.com/] |- |''[[Young Animal Arashi]]''||ヤングアニマル嵐||2000-03||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Hakusensha]]||[http://www.younganimal.com/] |- |''[[Young Champion]]''||ヤングチャンピオン||1988-03-00||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Semimonthly||[[Akita Shoten]]||[http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=002] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214094420/http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=002 |date=2012-02-14 }} |- |''[[Young Comic]]''||ヤングコミック||1967-08-10||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Shōnen Gahōsha]]||[http://www.shonengahosha.jp/youngcomic/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820221812/http://www.shonengahosha.jp/youngcomic/ |date=2011-08-20 }} |- |''[[Young Gangan]]''||ヤングガンガン||2004-12-03||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Semimonthly||[[Square Enix]]||[http://www.square-enix.co.jp/magazine/yg/] |- |''[[Young King]]''||ヤングキング||1987||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Semimonthly||[[Shōnen Gahōsha]]||[http://www.shonengahosha.jp/youngking/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818132537/http://www.shonengahosha.jp/youngking/ |date=2011-08-18 }} |- |''[[Young King Ours]]''||ヤングキングアワーズ||1993||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Shōnen Gahōsha]]||[http://www.shonengahosha.jp/ours/]{{Dead link|date=Nobiyembre 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Young Magazine]]''||週刊ヤングマガジン||1980-06-00||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/yanmaga/] |- |''[[Young Rose]]''||ヤングローズ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Young You]]''||ヤングユー||1986-05-00||2005-10-00||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://youngyou.shueisha.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051013071754/http://youngyou.shueisha.co.jp/ |date=2005-10-13 }} |- |''[[Yuri Shimai]]''||百合姉妹||2003-06-28||2004-11-17||[[Yuri (genre)|Yuri]] (female)||Quarterly||[[Sun Magazine]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Yuri Tengoku]]''||百合天国||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yuri (genre)|Yuri]] (female)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Zero]]''||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]] (female)||&nbsp;||[[Biblos]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Zōkan Young Gangan]]''||増刊ヤングガンガン||2007-06-29||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Irregular||[[Square Enix]]||[http://www.square-enix.co.jp/magazine/yg/] <!-- |- |''[[Title]]''||タイトル||YYYY-MM-DD||YYYY-MM-DD||[[Demographic]]||Frequency||[[Publisher]]||[http://www.domain.co.jp/] --> |} ==Inilathala sa labas ng Hapon== <!--When editing, add magazines in alphabetical order (to make it easier to find duplicates)--> {|class="wikitable sortable" id="stripe" style="width: 98%;" !Pangalan !Wika !Bansa !Unang inilathala !Huling inilathala !Demograpiko !Dalas !Tagalathala !Opisyal na sayt <!-- |- |''[[Title]]''||[[Language language|Language]]||[[Country]]||YYYY-MM-DD||YYYY-MM-DD||[[Demographic]]||Frequency||[[Publisher]]||[http://www.domain.com/] --> |- |''[[Anime+]]''||[[Polish language|Polish]]||[[Poland]]||2005||2005||General||Monthly||[[Phoenix Press]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Animegaido]]''||[[Polish language|Polish]]||[[Poland]]||1997||1998||General||Monthly||[[ProScript Sp. z o.o.]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Studio Ironcat#AmeriManga magazine|AmeriManga]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||2002||2004||[[Amerimanga]]||&nbsp;||[[Studio Ironcat]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Anime (magazine)|Anime]]''||[[Finnish language|Finnish]]||[[Finland]]||2005-01-31||&nbsp;||General||Semiquarterly||[[H-Town Oy]]||[http://animelehti.fi/] |- |''[[Anime Guide]]''||[[Russian language|Russian]]||[[Russia]]||2004||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[http://www.aniguide.ru/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002162313/http://www.aniguide.ru/ |date=2008-10-02 }} |- |''[[ruManga]]''||[[Russian language|Russian]]||[[Russia]]||2009||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Monthly||[[IZM, LLC]]||[http://www.rumanga.com/] |- |''[[Animerica]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||1992-11-00||2005-06-00||[[Anime]], [[manga]], pop culture||Monthly||[[Viz Media]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Animerica Extra]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||1998||2004||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]] emphasis||Monthly||[[Viz Media]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Aniway]]''||[[Dutch language|Dutch]]||[[Netherlands]]<br />[[Belgium]]||1999||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Quarterly||&nbsp;||[http://www.Aniway.nl/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118072641/https://aniway.nl/ |date=2021-01-18 }} |- |''[[Banzai! (magazine)|Banzai!]]''||[[German language|German]]||[[Germany]]||2001-11-00||2005-12-00||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Carlsen Verlag]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Be X Boy (french)|Be x Boy]]''||[[French language|French]]||[[France]]||2009-07-09||||[[Yaoi]]||Bi-Monthly||[[Asuka (publisher)|Asuka]]|| [http://www.bexboy.fr] |- |''[[B's LOG]]''||[[Spanish language|Spanish]]||[[Spain]]||2009||||[[Shōnen-ai]] emphasis||Monthly||[[Planeta DeAgostini]]||[http://www.planetadeagostinicomics.com/bslog/] |- |''[[Champ (magazine)|Champ]]''||&nbsp;||[[Indonesia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Manhwa]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Cobra (magazine)|Cobra]]''||[[Swedish language|Swedish]]||[[Sweden]]||1991||1992||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]] and [[shōnen manga]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[The Comics Journal]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||1977||&nbsp;||[[Comics]] industry, alternative||Monthly||[[Fantagraphics Books]]||[http://www.tcj.com/] |- |''[[Culture Crash Comics]]''||[[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]<br />[[English language|English]]||[[Philippines]]||2000-08-00||2004||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Daisuki]]''||[[German language|German]]||[[Germany]]||2003-01-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Carlsen Verlag]]||[http://www.daisuki-online.de/] |- |''[[Drawn and Quarterly Anthology]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[United States]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Hanalala]]''<br />(Indonesian version of ''[[Hana to Yume]]'' and ''[[Lala]]'')||&nbsp;||[[Indonesia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Frequency||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Kawaii]]''||[[Polish language|Polish]]||[[Poland]]||1997||2005||General||Monthly||Silver Shark, [[Future Network]], [[Bauer]], [[Phoenix Press]]||[http://www.kawaii.pl] |- |''[[Kiseki]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Australia]]||2009||&nbsp;||General Manga||Bi-Monthly||&nbsp;||[http://www.kisekimanga.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913095412/http://www.kisekimanga.com/ |date=2012-09-13 }} |- |''[[Komik Remaja|Kreko Komik Remaja]]''||[[Malay language|Bahasa Malaysia]]||[[Malaysia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[:de:Koneko|Koneko]]''||[[German language|German]]||[[Germany]]||2004||&nbsp;||[[Anime]], [[Manga]], [[Video game|Video Games]], [[Cosplay]]||Bi-Monthly||raptor publishing GmbH||[http://www.raptor.de/] |- |''[[Magazyn Arigato]]''||[[Polish language|Polish]]||[[Poland]]||2008||&nbsp;||General||Quarterly||[[Studio Lain]]||[http://magazyn-arigato.com.pl/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516193918/http://magazyn-arigato.com.pl/ |date=2014-05-16 }} |- |''[[Manga Mania]]''||[[Danish language|Danish]]||[[Denmark]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Manga Mania]]''||[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]||[[Norway]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Manga Mania]]''||[[Swedish language|Swedish]]||[[Sweden]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Manga Mania]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[United Kingdom]]||1993||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Dark Horse Comics]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Manga Max]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[United Kingdom]]||December 1998||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Monthly||[[Titan Magazines]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Manga Mover]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[United Kingdom]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[http://www.boychildproductions.co.uk/mm.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022170535/http://www.boychildproductions.co.uk/mm.html |date=2020-10-22 }} |- |''[[Manga Power]]''||[[German language|German]]||[[Germany]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Manga Twister]]''||[[German language|German]]||[[Germany]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]] and [[shōnen manga]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Mangaholix]]''||[[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]<br />[[English language|English]]||[[Philippines]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Publisher]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Mangajin]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||1990-06-00||2008||Educational||&nbsp;||[[Mangajin]]||[http://www.mangajin.com/mangajin/] |- |''[[Mangamix]]''||[[Polish language|Polish]]||[[Poland]]||2001||2004||[[General]]||Bimonthly||[[Waneko]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Mangaphile]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Amerimanga]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Mangazine]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Amerimanga]]||&nbsp;||[[Antarctic Press]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Mangazyn]]''||[[Polish language|Polish]]||[[Poland]]||2003||2004||General||Monthly||[[AMPOL]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Nakayoshi#International versions|Nakayoshi: Gress!]]''||&nbsp;||[[Indonesia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||&nbsp;||[[Elex Media Komputindo]]||[http://www.domain.com/] |- |''[[Neo (magazine)|Neo]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[United Kingdom]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[http://www.neomag.co.uk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321094946/http://www.neomag.co.uk/ |date=2017-03-21 }} |- |''[[Otaku]]''||[[Polish language|Polish]]||[[Poland]]||2006||&nbsp;||General||Monthly||[[Studio JG]]||[http://www.otaku.pl/] |- |''[[Otaku USA]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||2007-08-00||&nbsp;||[[Anime]], [[manga]], pop culture||Bimonthly||[[Sovereign Media]]||[http://www.otakuusamagazine.com/] |- |''[[Otakuzine Anime Magazine]]''||[[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]<br />[[English language|English]]||[[Philippines]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||PSICOM Publishing Inc.||&nbsp; |- |''[[OzTAKU]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Australia]]||&nbsp;||2006 ||Australian manga||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Pox (magazine)|Pox]]''||[[Swedish language|Swedish]]||[[Sweden]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Alternative||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Protoculture Addicts]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||1987||&nbsp;||[[Anime]], [[manga]]||Irregular||[[Protoculture Inc.]]||[http://www.protoculture.ca/] |- |''[[Pulp (magazine)|Pulp]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||1997||2002||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]] emphasis||Monthly||[[Viz Media]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Raijin Comics]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||2002-12-08||2004-07-00||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]] emphasis||Monthly||[[Gutsoon! Entertainment]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[RumblePakk]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Amerimanga]] ([[Shōnen manga|shōnen]] style)||&nbsp;||EigoManga||[http://rumblepak.com] |- |''[[SakuraPakk]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Amerimanga]], ([[Shōjo manga|shōjo]] style)||&nbsp;||EigoManga||[http://sakurapakk.com] |- |''[[Samurai (magazine)|Samurai]]''||[[Swedish language|Swedish]]||[[Sweden]]||1988||1992||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shojo Beat]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||July 2005||July 2009||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Viz Media]]||[http://shojobeat.com/] |- |''[[Shojo Stars]]''||[[Swedish language|Swedish]]||[[Sweden]]|| ||Ongoing||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]|| || || |- |''[[Shonen Jump (magazine)|Shonen Jump]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||2003-01-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Viz Media]]||[http://www.shonenjump.com/] |- |''[[Weekly Shonen Jump#Norwegian Shonen Jump|Shonen Jump]]''||[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]||[[Norway]]||2005-03-00||2007-02-27||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||&nbsp;||[[Schibsted|Schibsted Förlag AB]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Weekly Shonen Jump#Swedish Shonen Jump|Shonen Jump]]''||[[Swedish language|Swedish]]||[[Sweden]]||2005-02-00||2007-01-00||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||&nbsp;||[[Bonnier Carlsen]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shonen Magz]]''<br />(Indonesian version of ''[[Shonen Magazine]]'')||&nbsp;||[[Indonesia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||&nbsp;||[[Elex Media Komputindo]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shonen Star]]''<br />(Indonesian version of ''[[Shonen Sunday]]'')||&nbsp;||[[Indonesia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Smile (magazine)|Smile]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||1998-10-00||2002||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]] emphasis||&nbsp;||[[Tokyopop]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Super Manga Blast!]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||General manga||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Tokyopop (magazine)|Tokyopop]]''<br />(formerly ''MixxZine'')||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||1997-08-00||2000-08-00||General manga||&nbsp;||[[Tokyopop]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Unimaga]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Amerimanga]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[http://www.unimaga.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205035045/http://www.unimaga.com/ |date=2006-12-05 }} |- |''[[Weekly Comic|Weekly Comic 漫畫周刊]]''||[[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]||[[Malaysia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||General manga||Weekly||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Xuan Xuan]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Australia]]||&nbsp;||2006||Australian manga||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[http://members.iinet.net.au/~chandler/XuanXuan] |- |''[[Yen Plus]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||2008-07-29||July 2010||&nbsp;|[[Manga]] & [[manhwa]]||Monthly||[[Yen Press]]||[http://yenpress.us/?cat=4]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Lazer]]''||[[Spanish language|Spanish]]||[[Argentine]]<br />[[Argentine]]||2009-04-29||&nbsp;||[[Anime]], [[manga]], pop culture||Irregular||[[Ivrea Editorial]]||[http://www.editorialivrea.com/] |} ==Talababa== {{reflist}} ==Mga kawing panlabas== * [http://comipedia.com/ ComiPedia: Manga Magazine Guide and Publication Encyclopedia] [[Kaurian:Magasing Anime at manga| ]] [[Kaurian:Talaan ng mga magasin]] [[de:Manga-Magazin]] [[pl:Kategoria:Czasopisma związane z anime i mangą]] [[zh:日本漫畫雜誌]] kc25k0qppyfivf01ievwsak9gqkh1xw 0 165877 2210257 2199974 2026-06-03T19:12:27Z InternetArchiveBot 113521 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2210257 wikitext text/x-wiki Ito ay isang '''talaan ng mga magasing''' batay sa [[limbag|pagkakalimbag]] sa isang bansa (sa Hapon at ibang bansa). Ang talaan ay maaaring ayusin gamit ang panimulang kolum. Lahat ng petsa ay nasa pormatong [[ISO 8601]] (YYYY-MM-DD). ==Inilathala sa Hapon== <!--When editing, add magazines in alphabetical order (to make it easier to find duplicates)--> {|class="wikitable sortable" id="stripe" style="width: 98%;" ! Pangalan ng magasin ! Hapones na pangalan ! Unang inilathala ! uling inilathala ! Demograpiko ! Dalas ! Tagalathala ! Opisyal na sayt <!-- |- |''[[Pamagat]]''||タイトル||YYYY-MM-DD||YYYY-MM-DD||[[Demograpiko]]||Dalas||[[Tagalathala]]||[http://www.domain.co.jp/] --> |- |''[[.hack//G.U.: The World]]''||ドットハックジーユー ザ ワールド||2005-11-11||&nbsp;||Other (male)||Monthly||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Action De Luxe]]''||アクションデラックス||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||&nbsp;||[[Futabasha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Afternoon (magazine)|Afternoon]]''||アフタヌーン||1986||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/13871] |- |''[[Animage]]''||アニメージュ||1978-05-26||&nbsp;||[[Anime]]||Monthly||[[Tokuma Shoten]]||[http://animage.jp/] |- |''[[Animedia]]''||アニメディア||1981-06-09||&nbsp;||[[Anime]]||Monthly||[[Gakken]]||[http://www.e-animedia.net/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627011639/http://www.e-animedia.net/ |date=2009-06-27 }} |- |''[[Aqua BL Kingdom]]''||アクアBLキングダム||2007||&nbsp;||[[Josei]], [[Yaoi]]||&nbsp;||[[Okla Publishing]]||[http://www.bl-magazine.com/pc/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130602052028/http://www.bl-magazine.com/pc/ |date=2013-06-02 }} |- |''[[Aria (magazine)|Aria]]''||アリア||2010-07-28||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://aria-comic.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150521051650/http://aria-comic.jp/ |date=2015-05-21 }} |- |''[[Asuka Ciel]]''||あすかCIEL||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo]], [[Yaoi]]||&nbsp;||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||[http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/ciel/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905042051/http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/ciel/ |date=2011-09-05 }} |- |''[[Asuka Fantasy DX]]''||月刊ASUKAファンタジーDX||1994-06-00||2000-11-00||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Ax (anime magazine)|Ax]]''||&nbsp;||1998-03-00||2001-10-00||[[Anime]]||Monthly||[[Sony Magazines]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Be x Boy]]''||&nbsp;||1993-03-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo]], [[Yaoi]]||Monthly||[[Libre Publishing]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Be x Boy Gold]]''||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Josei]], [[Yaoi]]||Bimonthly||[[Libre Publishing]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Be-Love]]''||ビー·ラブ||2007-12-15||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Semimonthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/02766] |- |''[[Bessatsu CoroCoro Comic]]''||別冊コロコロコミック||1981-04-00||&nbsp;||[[Children's manga|Children]] (male)||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://www.shogakukan.co.jp/magazines/mag/bkoro.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112023126/http://www.shogakukan.co.jp/magazines/mag/bkoro.html |date=2008-01-12 }} |- |''[[Bessatsu Friend]]''||別冊フレンド||1965-03-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://betsufure.net/] |- |''[[Bessatsu Hana to Yume]]''||別冊花とゆめ||1977-07||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Hakusensha]]||[http://www.betsuhana.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061224205358/http://www.betsuhana.com/ |date=2006-12-24 }} |- |''[[Bessatsu Kindai Mahjong]]''||別冊近代麻雀||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Mahjong]] (male)||Monthly||[[Takeshobō]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Bessatsu Manga Action]]''||別冊漫画アクション||1974-09-00||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Futabasha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Bessatsu Margaret]]''||別冊マーガレット||1964||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://betsuma.shueisha.co.jp/] |- |''[[Bessatsu Shōnen King]]''||別冊少年キング||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Shōnen Gahōsha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine (1960s)]]''||別冊少年マガジン||1960||||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine|Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine (2009)]]''||別冊少年マガジン||2009-09-09||||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Bessatsu Shōnen Sunday]]''||別冊少年サンデー||1960||1974-03-00||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Bessatsu Weekly Manga Times]]''||別冊週刊漫画TIMES||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Houbunsha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Betsucomi]]''||ベツコミ||1970||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://www.betsucomi.shogakukan.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120113639/http://www.betsucomi.shogakukan.co.jp/ |date=2012-11-20 }} |- |''[[Big Comic]]''||ビッグコミック||1968-02-29||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Semimonthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://big-3.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206234130/http://big-3.jp/ |date=2015-02-06 }} |- |''[[Big Comic For Lady]]''||ビッグコミックfor Ladies||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||&nbsp;||[[Shogakukan]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Big Comic Original]]''||ビッグコミックオリジナル||1972||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Semimonthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://big-3.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206234130/http://big-3.jp/ |date=2015-02-06 }} |- |''[[Big Comic Pockets]]''||ビッグコミックポケッツ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||&nbsp;||[[Shogakukan]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Big Comic Spirits]]''||ビッグコミックスピリッツ||1980-10-14||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://spi-net.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030217123817/http://spi-net.jp/ |date=2003-02-17 }} |- |''[[Big Comic Superior]]''||ビッグコミックスペリオール||1987-07-01||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Semimonthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://big-3.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206234130/http://big-3.jp/ |date=2015-02-06 }} |- |''[[Big Gold (magazine)|Big Gold]]''||ビッグゴールド||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||&nbsp;||[[Shogakukan]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Boy Pierce]]''||||1997||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||Bimonthly||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Boy's Life (Japanese magazine)|Boy's Life]]''||ボーイズライフ||1963-04-01||1969-08-01||[[Shōnen]], [[shōnen manga]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Boy's Love (magazine)|Boy's Love]]''||||2004-08-00||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||Bimonthly||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Business Jump]]''||ビジネスジャンプ||1985-07-00||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://bj.shueisha.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722094937/http://bj.shueisha.co.jp/ |date=2011-07-22 }} |- |''[[Champion Red]]''||チャンピオンレッド||2002-08-22||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Akita Shoten]]||[http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=020] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411043045/http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=020 |date=2010-04-11 }} |- |''[[Champion Red Ichigo]]''||チャンピオンレッドいちご||2006-12-26||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Bimonthly||[[Akita Shoten]]||[http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=044] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304170152/http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=044 |date=2012-03-04 }} |- |''[[Charano!]]''||キャラの!||2006-09-00||&nbsp;||Other (male)||Bimonthly||[[Hobby Japan]]||[http://www.hobbyjapan.co.jp/hjbunko/charano/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130213024756/http://www.hobbyjapan.co.jp/hjbunko/charano/ |date=2013-02-13 }} |- |''[[Cheese!]]''||チーズ!||1996-07-24||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://cheese.shogakukan.co.jp/] |- |''[[Chorus (magazine)|Chorus]]''||コーラス||1994-05-28||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://chorus.shueisha.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060702112939/http://chorus.shueisha.co.jp/ |date=2006-07-02 }} |- |''[[Chuchu (magazine)|Chuchu]]''||ちゅちゅ||2005-12-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://www.chuchu.jp/] |- |''[[Ciao (magazine)|Ciao]]''||ちゃお||1977-09-03||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://www.ciao.shogakukan.co.jp/] |- |''[[Ciel Tres Tres]]''||シエル トレトレ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||&nbsp;||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||[http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/ciel/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905042051/http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/ciel/ |date=2011-09-05 }} |- |''[[COM (manga magazine)|COM]]''||コム||1967-01-00||1972||Alternative||Monthly||[[Osamu Tezuka]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Combat Comic]]''||月刊コンバットコミック||1986||2001||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Nihon Shuppansha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Comi Digi +]]''||隔月コミデジ+||2006-04-21||2008-08-21||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Bimonthly||[[Flex Comix]]||[http://www.broccoli.co.jp/bbi/comi_plus/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928025718/http://www.broccoli.co.jp/bbi/comi_plus/ |date=2011-09-28 }} |- |''[[Comic Amour]]''||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]] ([[Hentai|adult]])||&nbsp;||[[Dream Maker]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Comic Are!]]''||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Alternative||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Comic Beam]]''||コミックビーム||1995-11-11||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Enterbrain]]||[http://www.enterbrain.co.jp/comic/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223224553/http://www.enterbrain.co.jp/comic/ |date=2011-02-23 }} |- |''[[Comic Birz]]''||月刊コミックバーズ||1996-07-00||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthyl||[[Gentosha]]||[http://www.gentosha-comics.net/birz/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125033236/https://www.gentosha-comics.net/birz/ |date=2021-01-25 }} |- |''[[Comic Blade Brownie]]''||コミックブレイドブラウニー||2008-12-10||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]/[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Quarterly||[[Mag Garden]]||[http://www.mag-garden.co.jp/comic-blade/brownie/top.html] |- |''[[Comic Blade Masamune]]''||コミックブレイドマサムネ||2002-12-00||2007-06-00||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Bimonthly||[[Mag Garden]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Comic Bom Bom]]''||コミックボンボン||1981-10-15||2007-11-15||[[Children's manga|Children]] (male)||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Comic Cue]]''||コミックCUE||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Academic||&nbsp;||[[East Press]]||[http://www.eastpress.co.jp/srh_book.php?cat=36] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815054852/http://eastpress.co.jp/srh_book.php?cat=36 |date=2014-08-15 }} |- |''[[Comic Crimson]]''||コミック クリムゾン||1998-03-00||2003-05-00||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Bimonthly||[[Sobisha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Comic Flapper]]''||コミックフラッパー||1999-11-05||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Media Factory]]||[http://www.comic-flapper.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027011501/http://www.comic-flapper.com/ |date=2005-10-27 }} |- |''[[Comic Gum]]''||コミックガム||1996||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Wani Books]]||[http://www.comicgum.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109161221/http://www.comicgum.com/ |date=2012-11-09 }} |- |''[[Comic High!]]''||コミック·ハイ!||2004-03-02||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Futabasha]]||[http://www.comichigh.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801073202/http://comichigh.jp/ |date=2015-08-01 }} |- |''[[Comic June]]''||コミックJUNE||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||Bimonthly||[[Magazine Magazine]]||[http://june-net.com] |- |''[[Comic LO]]''||成年コミックエルオー||2002-10-00||&nbsp;||[[Lolicon]] ([[Hentai|adult]], male)||Monthly||[[Akane Shinsha]]||[http://www.akaneshinsha.co.jp/online/lo/lo-top.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131021234347/http://www.akaneshinsha.co.jp/online/lo/lo-top.html |date=2013-10-21 }} |- |''[[Comic MegaStore]]''||コミックメガストア||2003-06-17||&nbsp;||[[Hentai|Adult]] (male)||Monthly||[[Core Magazine]]||[http://www.coremagazine.co.jp/comimega/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905185009/http://www.coremagazine.co.jp/comimega/ |date=2011-09-05 }} |- |''[[Comic MegaStore H]]''||コミックメガストアH||2003-06-01||&nbsp;||[[Hentai|Adult]] (male)||Monthly||[[Core Magazine]]||[http://www.coremagazine.co.jp/comimegah/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905185016/http://www.coremagazine.co.jp/comimegah/ |date=2011-09-05 }} |- |''[[Comic Rex]]''||コミックレックス||2005-12-09||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Ichijinsha]]||[http://www.ichijinsha.co.jp/rex/] |- |''[[Comic RIN]]''||コミックリン||2004-12-16||&nbsp;||[[Hentai|Adult]] (male)||Monthly||[[Akane Shinsha]]||[http://www.akaneshinsha.co.jp/online/rin/rin-top.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016213145/http://www.akaneshinsha.co.jp/online/rin/rin-top.html |date=2013-10-16 }} |- |''[[Comic Rush]]''||月刊コミックラッシュ||2004-01-26||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Jive (publisher)|Jive]]||[http://rush.jive-ltd.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060423173216/http://rush.jive-ltd.co.jp/ |date=2006-04-23 }} |- |''[[Comic Sigma]]''||コミック シグマ||2006-09-29||&nbsp;||[[Hentai|Adult]] (male)||Monthly||[[Akane Shinsha]]||[http://www.akaneshinsha.co.jp/online/sigma/sigma-top.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218141044/http://www.akaneshinsha.co.jp/online/sigma/sigma-top.html |date=2014-02-18 }} |- |''[[Sylph (magazine)|Comic Sylph]]''||シルフ||2006-12-09||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[ASCII Media Works]]||[http://sylph.dengeki.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115090959/http://sylph.dengeki.com/ |date=2013-01-15 }} |- |''[[Comic Tenma]]''||コミック天魔||1998-06-00||&nbsp;||[[Hentai|Adult]] (male)||Monthly||[[Akane Shinsha]]||[http://www.akaneshinsha.co.jp/online/tenma/tenma-top.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718165950/http://www.akaneshinsha.co.jp/online/tenma/tenma-top.html |date=2011-07-18 }} |- |''[[Comic Yell!]]''||コミックエール!||2007-05-11||2009-05-09||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||&nbsp;||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://www.comicyell.com/] |- |''[[Comic Yuri Hime]]''||コミック百合姫||2005-07-00||&nbsp;||[[Yuri (genre)|Yuri]]||Quarterly||[[Ichijinsha]]||[http://www.ichijinsha.co.jp/yurihime/] |- |''[[Comic Yuri Hime S]]''||コミック百合姫S||2007-06-18||&nbsp;||[[Yuri (genre)|Yuri]] (male)||Quarterly||[[Ichijinsha]]||[http://www.ichijinsha.co.jp/yurihime_s/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221225635/http://ichijinsha.co.jp/yurihime_s/ |date=2014-12-21 }} |- |''[[Comp Ace]]''||月刊コンプ エース||2005-03-26||&nbsp;||[[Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||[http://www.comptiq.com/ace/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928195326/http://www.comptiq.com/ |date=2011-09-28 }} |- |''[[Comptiq]]''||コンプティーク||1983-11-10||&nbsp;||Other (male)||Monthly||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||[http://www.comptiq.com/] |- |''[[Cookie (manga)|Cookie]]''||クッキー||1999||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://cookie.shueisha.co.jp/] |- |''[[CoroCoro Comic]]''||月刊コロコロコミック||1977-04-15||&nbsp;||[[Children's manga|Children]] (male)||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://corocoro.tv/] |- |''[[CoroCoro Ichiban!]]''||コロコロイチバン!||2005-03-25||&nbsp;||[[Children's manga|Children]] (male)||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://coro1.jp/] |- |''[[Craft (manga magazine)|Craft]]''||クラフト||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||&nbsp;||[[Taiyou Tosho]]||[http://www.bs-garden.com/system/craft.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713225114/http://www.bs-garden.com/system/craft.php |date=2014-07-13 }} |- |''[[Cutie Comic]]''||キューティ·コミック||1998||2001-07-00||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Monthly||[[Takarajimasha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Dengeki Comic Gao!]]''||月刊電撃コミックガオ!||1992-12-27||2008-02-27||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[MediaWorks (publisher)|MediaWorks]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Dengeki Daioh]]''||月刊コミック電撃大王||1994-04-18||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[ASCII Media Works]]||[http://daioh.dengeki.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826021234/http://daioh.dengeki.com/ |date=2014-08-26 }} |- |''[[Dengeki G's Festival! Comic]]''||電撃G's Festival! COMIC||2007-11-26||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Irregular||[[ASCII Media Works]]||[http://gs.dengeki.com/book/festivalcomic01/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091013120424/http://gs.dengeki.com/book/festivalcomic01/ |date=2009-10-13 }} |- |''[[Dengeki G's Magazine]]''||電撃G's magazine||1992-12-26||&nbsp;||Other (male)||Monthly||[[ASCII Media Works]]||[http://gs.dengeki.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210505231818/http://gs.dengeki.com/ |date=2021-05-05 }} |- |''[[Dengeki Kuro Maoh]]''||電撃黒「マ)王||2007-09-19||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Quarterly||[[ASCII Media Works]]||[http://maoh.dengeki.com/black/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090518124832/http://maoh.dengeki.com/black/ |date=2009-05-18 }} |- |''[[Dengeki Maoh]]''||電撃「マ)王||2005-10-27||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[ASCII Media Works]]||[http://maoh.dengeki.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090518124832/http://maoh.dengeki.com/black/ |date=2009-05-18 }} |- |''[[Dengeki Moeoh]]''||電撃萌王||2002-03-26||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Bimonthly||[[ASCII Media Works]]||[http://moeoh.dengeki.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031073046/http://moeoh.dengeki.com/ |date=2013-10-31 }} |- |''[[Dengeki Teioh]]''||電撃帝王||2004-04-26||2006-11-26||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Quarterly||[[ASCII Media Works]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Dessert (magazine)|Dessert]]||デザート||1996-07-00||end||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/16541] |- |''[[Dragon Age Pure]]''||ドラゴンエイジピュア||2006-01-30||2009-02-20||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Bimonthly||[[Fujimi Shobo]]||[http://www.fujimishobo.co.jp/pure/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124015712/http://fujimishobo.co.jp/pure |date=2009-01-24 }} |- |''[[drap (magazine)|drap]]''||ドラ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[http://www.coremagazine.co.jp/drap/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905185037/http://www.coremagazine.co.jp/drap/ |date=2011-09-05 }} |- |''[[Erotics F]]''||マンガ·エロティクス·エフ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Erotica]]||&nbsp;||[[Ohta Books]]||[http://www.ohtabooks.com/eroticsf/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100613001411/http://www.ohtabooks.com/eroticsf/ |date=2010-06-13 }} |- |''[[Evening (magazine)|Evening]]''||イブニング||2001-08-00||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Semimonthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://www.e-evening.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090403082018/http://www.e-evening.jp/ |date=2009-04-03 }} |- |''[[Fanny (magazine)|Fanny]]''||ファニー||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Fantasia Battle Royal]]''||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Other (male)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Feel Young]]''||フィール·ヤング||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Monthly||[[Shodensha]]||[http://www.shodensha.co.jp/fy/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605140431/http://www.shodensha.co.jp/fy/ |date=2011-06-05 }} |- |''[[Flowers (magazine)|Flowers]]''||フラワーズ||2002-04-27||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://flowers.shogakukan.co.jp/] |- |''[[For Mrs.]]''||フォアミセス||1986-12-00||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Monthly||[[Akita Shoten]]||[http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=037] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214094348/http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=037 |date=2012-02-14 }} |- |''[[Fresh Gangan]]''||フレッシュガンガン||1992-04-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Irregular||[[Square Enix]]||[http://gangan.square-enix.co.jp/fresh/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091121211625/http://gangan.square-enix.co.jp/fresh/ |date=2009-11-21 }} |- |''[[Gangan Powered]]''||ガンガンパワード||2001-03-00||2009-02-00||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Square Enix]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Garo (magazine)|Garo]]''||ガロ||1964-07-00||2002-12-00||Alternative||Monthly||[[Katsuichi Nagai]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Gekkan Young King]]''||月刊ヤングキング||2006-10-19||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Shōnen Gahōsha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Gessan]]''||ゲッサン||2009-05-12||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://gekkansunday.net/] |- |''[[GFantasy]]''||月刊Gファンタジー||1993-03-18||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Square Enix]]||[http://www.square-enix.co.jp/magazine/gfantasy/] |- |''[[Good! Afternoon]]''||good!アフタヌーン||2008-11-07||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Irregular||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/13872] |- |''[[Gundam Ace]]''||ガンダムエース||2001-06-25||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||[http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/gundam/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110905042101/http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/gundam/ |date=2011-09-05 }} |- |''[[Hana to Yume]]''||花とゆめ||1974-05-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Semimonthly||[[Hakusensha]]||[http://www.hanayume.com/hanayume/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140820235236/http://www.hanayume.com/hanayume/ |date=2014-08-20 }} |- |''[[Hanaoto]]''||花音||1994-09-00||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://hanaoto.net/] |- |''[[Hanaoto Gold]]''||花音ゴールド||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||&nbsp;||[[Houbunsha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Hanayume EX]]''||花ゆめEX||1983||1985||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Semiannual||[[Hakusensha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Hontō ni Atta Yukai na Hanashi]]''||本当にあったゆかいな話||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Takeshobo]]||[http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat06/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210103009/http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat06/ |date=2010-12-10 }} |- |''[[Hontō ni Atta Yukai na Hanashi DX]]''||本当にあったゆかいな話デラックス||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Takeshobo]]||[http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat06/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101210103009/http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat06/ |date=2010-12-10 }} |- |''[[Ichi Raci]]''||いち*ラキ||2001-10-24||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||Monthly||[[Tōsuisha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Ikki (magazine)|Ikki]]''||月刊IKKI||2003-04-00||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://www.ikki-para.com/] |- |''[[Jossie (Hakusensha)|Jossie]]''||ジョシィ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Irregular||[[Hakusensha]]||[http://www.hakusensha.co.jp/silky_web/jossie/] |- |''[[Judy (Shogakukan)|Judy]]''||ジュディ||&nbsp;||2008-08-23||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Jump Square]]''||ジャンプスクエア||2007-11-02||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://jumpsq.shueisha.co.jp/] |- |''[[Keitai Manga Town]]''||ケータイまんがタウン||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Futabasha]]||[http://www.futabasha.co.jp/mobile/mmtown/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140917045948/http://www.futabasha.co.jp/mobile/mmtown/ |date=2014-09-17 }} |- |''[[Kerokero Ace]]''||ケロケロエース||2007-10-26||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||[http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/mag/kerokero/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160616042030/http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/mag/kerokero/ |date=2016-06-16 }} |- |''[[Kindai Mahjong Gold]]''||近代麻雀ゴールド||&nbsp;||2006-02-00||[[Mahjong]] (male)||Monthly||[[Takeshobō]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Kindai Mahjong Original]]''||近代麻雀オリジナル||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Mahjong]] (male)||Monthly||[[Takeshobō]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Kiss (magazine)|Kiss]]''||キス||2007-12-25||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Semimonthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/02292] |- |''[[Kōshoku Shōnen no Susume]]''||好色少年のススメ||2002-12-11||2006-09-25||[[Shotacon]] (male)||Irregular||[[Akane Shinsha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[LaLa]]''||ララ||1976-07-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Hakusensha]]||[http://www.hakusensha.co.jp/cgi-bin/mag/magazine.cgi?mode=magazine&magmode=mag03&day=now] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507023357/http://www.hakusensha.co.jp/cgi-bin/mag/magazine.cgi?mode=magazine&magmode=mag03&day=now |date=2008-05-07 }} |- |''[[LaLa DX]]''||ララ デラックス||1983-07-09||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Hakusensha]]||[http://www.hakusensha.co.jp/cgi-bin/mag/magazine.cgi?mode=magazine&magmode=mag03&day=now] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080507023357/http://www.hakusensha.co.jp/cgi-bin/mag/magazine.cgi?mode=magazine&magmode=mag03&day=now |date=2008-05-07 }} |- |''[[Lemon People]]''||レモンピープル||1981-12-00||1998-11-00||[[Hentai|Adult]] (male)||Monthly||[[Kubo Shoten]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Love Shota]]''||らぶショタ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shotacon]] (male)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Magazine Be x Boy]]''||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]]||&nbsp;||[[Libre Shuppan]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Magazine SPECIAL]]''||マガジンスペシャル||1983||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/20658/newest] |- |''[[Magazine Z]]''||月刊マガジンZ||1999||2009-01-26||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Magi-Cu]]''||マジキュー||2001-04-27||&nbsp;||Other (male)||Monthly||[[Enterbrain]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Manga 4-koma Kings Palette]]''||まんが4コマKINGSぱれっと||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]] (male)||Monthly||[[Ichijinsha]]||[http://www.ichijinsha.co.jp/palette/] |- |''[[Manga 4-koma Kings Palette Lite]]''||まんが4コマKINGSぱれっと||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]] (male)||Monthly||[[Ichijinsha]]||[http://www.ichijinsha.co.jp/palette_lite/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090404124142/http://www.ichijinsha.co.jp/palette_lite/ |date=2009-04-04 }} |- |''[[Manga Burikko]]''||漫画ブリッコ||1982-11-00||1986||[[Lolicon]] ([[Hentai|adult]], male)||Monthly||[[Serufu Shuppan]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Manga Club]]''||まんがくらぶ||1987-03-00||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Takeshobo]]||[http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat01/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329112842/http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat01/ |date=2015-03-29 }} |- |''[[Manga Club Original]]''||まんがくらぶオリジナル||1999-05-00||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Takeshobo]]||[http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat02/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419032842/http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat02/ |date=2015-04-19 }} |- |''[[Manga Home]]''||まんがホーム||1987-11-03||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/cgi-local/cgi/_magazineView2.pl?code=mh]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Manga Life]]''||まんがライフ||1984-11-00||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Takeshobo]]||[http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat03/] |- |''[[Manga Life Momo]]''||まんがライフMOMO||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Takeshobo]]||[http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat05/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150417020503/http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat05/ |date=2015-04-17 }} |- |''[[Manga Life Original]]''||まんがライフオリジナル||1988-07-11||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Takeshobo]]||[http://4koma.takeshobo.co.jp/category/cat04/] |- |''[[Manga Life Selection]]''||まんがライフセレクション||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||&nbsp;||[[Takeshobo]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Manga Pachinker]]''||漫画パチンカー||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Pachinko]]||Monthly||[[Byakuya-Shobo]]||[http://www.byakuya-shobo.co.jp/index.php?cPath=24_43] |- |''[[Manga Time]]''||まんがタイム||1981-05-07||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/cgi-local/cgi/_magazineView2.pl?code=mt]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Manga Time Collection]]''||まんがタイムコレクション||1995-11-00||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Irregular||[[Houbunsha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Manga Time Family]]''||まんがタイムファミリー||1984-08-00||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/cgi-local/cgi/_magazineView2.pl?code=mtf]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Manga Time Jumbo]]''||まんがタイムジャンボ||1995-04-12||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/cgi-local/cgi/_magazineView2.pl?code=mtj]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Manga Time Kirara]]''||まんがタイムきらら||2004-09-09||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]] (male)||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/cgi-local/cgi/_magazineView2.pl?code=mtk]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Manga Time Kirara Carat]]''||まんがタイムきららCarat||2005-09-28||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]] (male)||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/cgi-local/cgi/_magazineView2.pl?code=mtkc]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Manga Time Kirara Forward]]''||まんがタイムきららフォワード||2006-03-23||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://www.dokidokivisual.com/magazine/forward/] |- |''[[Manga Time Kirara Max]]''||まんがタイムきららMAX||2004-09-29||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]] (male)||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/cgi-local/cgi/_magazineView2.pl?code=mtkm]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Manga Time Lovely]]''||まんがタイムラブリー||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/cgi-local/cgi/_magazineView2.pl?code=mtl]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Manga Time Original]]''||まんがタイムオリジナル||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/cgi-local/cgi/_magazineView2.pl?code=mto]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Manga Time Special]]''||まんがタイムスペシャル||1992-06-00||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/cgi-local/cgi/_magazineView2.pl?code=mts]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Manga Town]]''||まんがタウン||2000-11-05||&nbsp;||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Futabasha]]||[http://www.futabasha.co.jp/magazine/manga_town.html] |- |''[[Manga Town Original]]''||まんがタウンオリジナル||2002-11-00||2006-09-00||[[Yonkoma]]||Monthly||[[Futabasha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Margaret (magazine)|Margaret]]''||マーガレット||1963||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Semimonthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://margaret.shueisha.co.jp/] |- |''[[Megami Magazine]]''||メガミマガジン||1999-07-28||&nbsp;||[[Anime]] (male)||Monthly||[[Gakken]]||[http://www.e-animedia.net/b_megami.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627013507/http://www.e-animedia.net/b_megami.html |date=2009-06-27 }} |- |''[[Melody (magazine)|Melody]]''||メロディ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Hakusensha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Mimi (magazine)|Mimi]]''||ミミ||1975||1996||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Mist (magazine)|Mist]]''||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yuri (genre)|Yuri]] (female)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Monthly Asuka]]''||月刊あすか||1985||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||[http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/mag/asuka/] |- |''[[Monthly Comic Alive]]''||月刊コミックアライブ||2006-06-27||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Media Factory]]||[http://www.mediafactory.co.jp/comic-alive/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110828140304/http://www.mediafactory.co.jp/comic-alive/ |date=2011-08-28 }} |- |''[[Monthly Comic Avarus]]''<br />(formerly ''Monthly Comic Blade Avarus'')||月刊コミックアヴァルス<br />(formerly 月刊コミックブレイドアヴァルス)||2007-09-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Mag Garden]]||[http://www.mag-garden.co.jp/comic-blade/avarus/top.html] |- |''[[Monthly Comic Blade]]''||月刊コミックブレイド||2002-02-28||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Mag Garden]]||[http://www.mag-garden.co.jp/comic-blade/top.html] |- |''[[Monthly Comic BunBun]]''<br />(formerly ''Pre Comic BunBun'')||月刊コミックブンブン<br />(formerly プレコミックブンブン)||2003-12-16||&nbsp;||[[Children's manga|Children]] (male)||Monthly||[[Poplar Publishing]]||[http://www.bun-bun.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517071316/http://bun-bun.jp/ |date=2014-05-17 }} |- |''[[Monthly Comic Dragon]]''||月刊コミックドラゴン||1992-09-00||2003-04-00||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Fujimi Shobo]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Monthly Comic Ryū]]''||月刊COMICリュウ||1979||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Tokuma Shoten]]||[http://comicryu.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304153647/http://comicryu.com/ |date=2012-03-04 }} |- |''[[Monthly Comic Zero Sum]]''||月刊コミックZERO-SUM||2002-03-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Ichijinsha]]||[http://www.ichijinsha.co.jp/zerosum/] |- |''[[Monthly Dragon Age]]''||月刊ドラゴンエイジ||2003-04-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Fujimi Shobo]]||[http://www.fujimishobo.co.jp/webage/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190804145422/http://www.fujimishobo.co.jp/webage/ |date=2019-08-04 }} |- |''[[Monthly Dragon Junior]]''||月刊ドラゴンジュニア||1997-07-26||2003||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Fujimi Shobo]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Dragon Magazine (Fujimi Shobo)|Monthly Dragon Magazine]]''||ドラゴンマガジン||1988-01-30||&nbsp;||Other (male)||Monthly||[[Fujimi Shobo]]||[http://www.fujimishobo.co.jp/novel/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914210447/http://www.fujimishobo.co.jp/novel/ |date=2011-09-14 }} |- |''[[Monthly Gangan Joker]]''||月刊ガンガンJOKER||2009-04-22||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Square Enix]]||[http://www.square-enix.com/jp/magazine/joker/] |- |''[[Monthly Gangan Wing]]''||月刊ガンガンWING||1996||2009-02-26||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Square Enix]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Monthly Manga Shōnen]]''||月刊漫画少年||1947-12-00||1955-10-00||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Monthly Shōnen Captain]]''||月刊少年キャプテン||1985-01-00||1997-01-00||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Tokuma Shoten]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Monthly Shōnen Champion]]''<br />(formerly ''Bessatsu Shōnen Champion'')||月刊少年チャンピオン||1970-03-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Akita Shoten]]||[http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=004] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214094407/http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=004 |date=2012-02-14 }} |- |''[[Monthly Shōnen Gangan]]''||月刊少年ガンガン||1991||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Square Enix]]||[http://gangan.square-enix.co.jp/] |- |''[[Monthly Shōnen Jets]]''||月刊少年ジェッツ||1981-10-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Hakusensha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Monthly Shōnen Jump]]''<br />(formerly ''Bessatsu Shōnen Jump'')||月刊少年ジャンプ<br />(formerly 別冊少年ジャンプ)||1970-02-06||2007-06-06||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://mj.shueisha.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020132354/http://mj.shueisha.co.jp/ |date=2007-10-20 }} |- |''[[Monthly Shōnen Magazine]]''<br />(formerly ''Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine'')||月刊少年マガジン<br />(formerly 別冊少年マガジン)||1964||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/04777] |- |''[[Monthly Shōnen Rival]]''||月刊少年ライバル||2008-04-04||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/14755] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705172030/http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/14755 |date=2014-07-05 }} |- |''[[Monthly Shōnen Sirius]]''||月刊少年シリウス||2005-05-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/14709] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140724143535/http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/14709 |date=2014-07-24 }} |- |''[[Monthly Super Action]]''||スーパーアクション||1983||1987||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Futabasha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Monthly Shōnen World]]''||月刊少年ワールド||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Ushio Publishing]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Morning 2]]''||モーニング·ツー||2006-08-10||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://morningmanga.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114131954/http://morningmanga.com// |date=2013-11-14 }} |- |''[[Mōsō Shōnen]]''||妄想少年||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shotacon]] (female)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Nakayoshi]]''||なかよし||1954-12-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/01033] |- |''[[Newtype (magazine)|Newtype]]''||月刊ニュータイプ||1985-03-08||&nbsp;||[[Anime]]/[[Manga]] news||Monthly||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||[http://anime.webnt.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901174153/http://anime.webnt.jp/ |date=2011-09-01 }} |- |''[[Oh Super Jump]]''||オースーパージャンプ||2005-01-00||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://sj.shueisha.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112100219/http://sj.shueisha.co.jp/ |date=2012-01-12 }} |- |''[[Opera (manga magazine)|Opera]]''||オペラ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Otoko Musume no Ko Heaven]]''||男娘の子HEAVEN||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shotacon]] (male)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Pachinker World]]''||パチンカーワールド||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Pachinko]]||Monthly||[[Byakuya-Shobo]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Petit Comic]]''||プチコミック||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://www.petitcomic.com/] |- |''[[Play Comic]]''||プレイコミック||1968-06-00||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Semimonthly||[[Akita Shoten]]||[http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=003] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318164846/http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=003 |date=2012-03-18 }} |- |''[[Princess (magazine)|Princess]]''||プリンセス||1974||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Akita Shoten]]||[http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081112215209/http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=007 |date=2008-11-12 }} |- |''[[Princess Gold]]''||プリンセスGOLD||1979||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Akita Shoten]]||[http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=008] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090927020027/http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=008 |date=2009-09-27 }} |- |''[[Racish]]''||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]] (female)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Ribon]]''||りぼん||1955-08-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://ribon.shueisha.co.jp/] |- |''[[Ribon Original]]''||りぼんオリジナル||1981||2006-06-00||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Bimonthly||[[Shueisha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shōjo Comic]]''||少女コミック||1968-04-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Semimonthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://www.sho-comi.com/] |- |''[[Shōjo Friend]]''||少女フレンド||1962||1996-09-00||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shōnen Ai no Bigaku]]''||少年愛の美学||2003-06-15||2008-11-27||[[Shotacon]] (male)||Irregular||[[Shobukan]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shōnen Ace]]''||月刊少年エース||1994-10-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||[http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/mag/ace/] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20040401103450/http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/mag/ace/ |date=2004-04-01 }} |- |''[[Shōnen Big Comic]]''<br />formerly ''Weekly Shōnen Big Comic'' and ''Manga-kun'')||少年ビッグコミック<br />(formerly 週刊少年ビッグコミック and マンガくん)||1976-12-00||1987||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Bi-weekly||[[Shogakukan]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shōnen Book]]''||少年ブック||1958-03-00||1969-04-04||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shōnen Iro Zukan]]''||少年色図鑑||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shotacon]] (male)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shonen Magazine]]''||週刊少年マガジン||1959-03-17||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Weekly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://www.shonenmagazine.com/] |- |''[[Shōnen Magazine Wonder]]''||マガジンワンダー||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Kodansha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shōnen Romance]]''||少年浪漫||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shotacon]] (female)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shōnen Shikō]]''||少年嗜好||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shotacon]] (male)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shōnen Sunday Super]]''<br />(formerly ''Shōnen Sunday Zokan'')||少年サンデー超<br />(formerly 週刊少年サンデー増刊号)||1978||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Bimonthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://www.websunday.net/super/] |- |''[[Shōnen Yūgi]]''||少年遊戯||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shotacon]] (male)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shota Comi]]''||ショタコミ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shotacon]] (female)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shota Mimi Love]]''||ショタみみLOVE||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shotacon]] (female)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shota Tama]]''||ショタ魂||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shotacon]] (female)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Silky (magazine)|Silky]]''||シルキー||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Monthly||[[Hakusensha]]||[http://www.hakusensha.co.jp/silky_web/] |- |''[[Sunday GX]]''||月刊サンデーGENE-X||2000-06-19||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://www.websunday.net/gx/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110110141106/http://websunday.net/gx/ |date=2011-01-10 }} |- |''[[Super Jump]]''||スーパージャンプ||1986-12-20||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Semimonthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://sj.shueisha.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112100219/http://sj.shueisha.co.jp/ |date=2012-01-12 }} |- |''[[Ultra Jump]]''||ウルトラ ジャンプ||1999||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://ultra.shueisha.co.jp/] |- |''[[V-Jump]]''||ブイジャンプ||1993||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://vjump.shueisha.co.jp/] |- |''[[Weekly Comic Bunch]]''||週刊コミックバンチ||2001-05-15||2010-08-27||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Coamix]]/[[Shinchosha]]||[http://www.comicbunch.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120802104733/http://www.comicbunch.com/ |date=2012-08-02 }} |- |''[[Weekly Manga Action]]''||週刊漫画アクション||1967-07-07||||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Futabasha]]||[http://www.futabasha.co.jp/magazine/action.html] |- |''[[Weekly Manga Goraku]]''||週刊漫画ゴラク||1968||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Nihon Bungeisha]]||[http://www.nihonbungeisha.co.jp/goraku/] |- |''[[Weekly Manga Sunday]]''||週刊漫画サンデー||1959||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Jitsugyo no Nihon Sha]]||[https://www.j-n.co.jp/cgi-bin/product_detail.cgi?magseries=080-000] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129110855/http://www.j-n.co.jp/cgi-bin/product_detail.cgi?magseries=080-000 |date=2012-01-29 }} |- |''[[Weekly Manga Tengoku]]''||週刊漫画天国||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Nihon Bungeisha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Weekly Manga Times]]''||週刊漫画TIMES||1956-11-00||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Houbunsha]]||[http://houbunsha.com/magazine/view/f_maga_smt.shtml]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Weekly Manga Times Zokan]]''||週刊漫画TIMES増刊||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Houbunsha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Weekly Morning]]''<br />(formerly ''Comic Morning'')||週刊モーニング<br />(formerly コミックモーニング)||1982||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://morningmanga.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131114131954/http://morningmanga.com// |date=2013-11-14 }} |- |''[[Weekly Shōnen Action]]''||週刊少年アクション||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Weekly||[[Futabasha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Weekly Shōnen Champion]]''||週刊少年チャンピオン||1969-07-15||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Weekly||[[Akita Shoten]]||[http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=001] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325020452/http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=001 |date=2012-03-25 }} |- |''[[Weekly Shōnen Jump]]''||週刊少年ジャンプ||1968-07-02||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Weekly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://jump.shueisha.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081108004231/http://jump.shueisha.co.jp/ |date=2008-11-08 }} |- |''[[Weekly Shōnen King]]''||週刊少年キング||1963-07-08||1988||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Weekly||[[Shōnen Gahōsha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Weekly Shōnen Magazine]]''||週刊少年マガジン||1989||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Weekly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/magazine/index.php/02065] |- |''[[Weekly Shōnen Sunday]]''||週刊少年サンデー||1959-03-17||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Weekly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://websunday.net/] |- |''[[Weekly Young Jump]]''||週刊ヤングジャンプ||1979-05-00||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://yj.shueisha.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116232524/http://yj.shueisha.co.jp/ |date=2011-11-16 }} |- |''[[Weekly Young Sunday]]''||週刊ヤングサンデー||1987-04-10||2008-07-31||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Weekly||[[Shogakukan]]||[http://www.youngsunday.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514080937/http://www.youngsunday.com/ |date=2008-05-14 }} |- |''[[Wings (manga magazine)|Wings]]''||月刊ウィングス||1982||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Shinshokan]]||[http://www.shinshokan.com/comic/w/] |- |''[[Yan Mama Comic]]''||ヤンママコミック||1995||1997||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Monthly||[[Kasakura Publishing]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[You (magazine)|You]]''||ユー||1980||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Semimonthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://you.shueisha.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503050449/http://you.shueisha.co.jp/sakka/profile/morimoto/index.html |date=2008-05-03 }} |- |''[[Young Ace]]''||ヤングエース||2009-07-04||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Kadokawa Shoten]]||[http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/ya/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151212163209/http://www.kadokawa.co.jp/ya/ |date=2015-12-12 }} |- |''[[Young Animal]]''<br />(formerly ''Animal House'')||ヤングアニマル<br />(formerly アニマルハウス)||1989||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Semimonthly||[[Hakusensha]]||[http://www.younganimal.com/] |- |''[[Young Animal Arashi]]''||ヤングアニマル嵐||2000-03||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Hakusensha]]||[http://www.younganimal.com/] |- |''[[Young Champion]]''||ヤングチャンピオン||1988-03-00||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Semimonthly||[[Akita Shoten]]||[http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=002] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214094420/http://www.akitashoten.co.jp/CGI/autoup/listput.cgi?key=list&bunrui=002 |date=2012-02-14 }} |- |''[[Young Comic]]''||ヤングコミック||1967-08-10||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Shōnen Gahōsha]]||[http://www.shonengahosha.jp/youngcomic/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820221812/http://www.shonengahosha.jp/youngcomic/ |date=2011-08-20 }} |- |''[[Young Gangan]]''||ヤングガンガン||2004-12-03||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Semimonthly||[[Square Enix]]||[http://www.square-enix.co.jp/magazine/yg/] |- |''[[Young King]]''||ヤングキング||1987||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Semimonthly||[[Shōnen Gahōsha]]||[http://www.shonengahosha.jp/youngking/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818132537/http://www.shonengahosha.jp/youngking/ |date=2011-08-18 }} |- |''[[Young King Ours]]''||ヤングキングアワーズ||1993||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Monthly||[[Shōnen Gahōsha]]||[http://www.shonengahosha.jp/ours/]{{Dead link|date=Nobiyembre 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Young Magazine]]''||週刊ヤングマガジン||1980-06-16||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Weekly||[[Kodansha]]||[http://kc.kodansha.co.jp/yanmaga/] |- |''[[Young Magazine Uppers]]''||ヤングマガジンアッパーズ||1998-04-01||2004-10-19||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Semimonthly||[[Kodansha]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Young Rose]]''||ヤングローズ||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Young You]]''||ヤングユー||1986-05-00||2005-10-00||[[Josei manga|Josei]]||Monthly||[[Shueisha]]||[http://youngyou.shueisha.co.jp/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051013071754/http://youngyou.shueisha.co.jp/ |date=2005-10-13 }} |- |''[[Yuri Shimai]]''||百合姉妹||2003-06-28||2004-11-17||[[Yuri (genre)|Yuri]] (female)||Quarterly||[[Sun Magazine]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Yuri Tengoku]]''||百合天国||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yuri (genre)|Yuri]] (female)||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Zero]]''||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Yaoi]] (female)||&nbsp;||[[Biblos]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Zōkan Young Gangan]]''||増刊ヤングガンガン||2007-06-29||&nbsp;||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||Irregular||[[Square Enix]]||[http://www.square-enix.co.jp/magazine/yg/] <!-- |- |''[[Title]]''||タイトル||YYYY-MM-DD||YYYY-MM-DD||[[Demographic]]||Frequency||[[Publisher]]||[http://www.domain.co.jp/] --> |} ==Inilathala sa labas ng Hapon== <!--When editing, add magazines in alphabetical order (to make it easier to find duplicates)--> {|class="wikitable sortable" id="stripe" style="width: 98%;" !Pangalan !Wika !Bansa !Unang inilathala !Huling inilathala !Demograpiko !Dalas !Tagalathala !Opsiyal na sayt <!-- |- |''[[Pamagat]]''||[[Wika]]||[[Bansa]]||YYYY-MM-DD||YYYY-MM-DD||[[Demograpiko]]||Dalas||[[Tagalathala]]||[http://www.domain.com/] --> |- |''[[Anime+]]''||[[Polish language|Polish]]||[[Poland]]||2005||2005||General||Monthly||[[Phoenix Press]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Animegaido]]''||[[Polish language|Polish]]||[[Poland]]||1997||1998||General||Monthly||[[ProScript Sp. z o.o.]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Studio Ironcat#AmeriManga magazine|AmeriManga]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||2002||2004||[[Amerimanga]]||&nbsp;||[[Studio Ironcat]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Anime (magazine)|Anime]]''||[[Finnish language|Finnish]]||[[Finland]]||2005-01-31||&nbsp;||General||Semiquarterly||[[H-Town Oy]]||[http://animelehti.fi/] |- |''[[Anime Guide]]''||[[Russian language|Russian]]||[[Russia]]||2004||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[http://www.aniguide.ru/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081002162313/http://www.aniguide.ru/ |date=2008-10-02 }} |- |''[[ruManga]]''||[[Russian language|Russian]]||[[Russia]]||2009||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Monthly||[[IZM, LLC]]||[http://www.rumanga.com/] |- |''[[Animerica]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||1992-11-00||2005-06-00||[[Anime]], [[manga]], pop culture||Monthly||[[Viz Media]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Animerica Extra]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||1998||2004||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]] emphasis||Monthly||[[Viz Media]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Aniway]]''||[[Dutch language|Dutch]]||[[Netherlands]]<br />[[Belgium]]||1999||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Quarterly||&nbsp;||[http://www.Aniway.nl/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118072641/https://aniway.nl/ |date=2021-01-18 }} |- |''[[Banzai! (magazine)|Banzai!]]''||[[German language|German]]||[[Germany]]||2001-11-00||2005-12-00||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Carlsen Verlag]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Be X Boy (french)|Be x Boy]]''||[[French language|French]]||[[France]]||2009-07-09||||[[Yaoi]]||Bi-Monthly||[[Asuka (publisher)|Asuka]]|| [http://www.bexboy.fr] |- |''[[B's LOG]]''||[[Spanish language|Spanish]]||[[Spain]]||2009||||[[Shōnen-ai]] emphasis||Monthly||[[Planeta DeAgostini]]||[http://www.planetadeagostinicomics.com/bslog/] |- |''[[Champ (magazine)|Champ]]''||&nbsp;||[[Indonesia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Manhwa]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Cobra (magazine)|Cobra]]''||[[Swedish language|Swedish]]||[[Sweden]]||1991||1992||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]] and [[shōnen manga]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[The Comics Journal]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||1977||&nbsp;||[[Comics]] industry, alternative||Monthly||[[Fantagraphics Books]]||[http://www.tcj.com/] |- |''[[Culture Crash Comics]]''||[[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]<br />[[English language|English]]||[[Philippines]]||2000-08-00||2004||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Daisuki]]''||[[German language|German]]||[[Germany]]||2003-01-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Carlsen Verlag]]||[http://www.daisuki-online.de/] |- |''[[Drawn and Quarterly Anthology]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[United States]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Hanalala]]''<br />(Indonesian version of ''[[Hana to Yume]]'' and ''[[Lala]]'')||&nbsp;||[[Indonesia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Frequency||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Kawaii]]''||[[Polish language|Polish]]||[[Poland]]||1997||2005||General||Monthly||Silver Shark, [[Future Network]], [[Bauer]], [[Phoenix Press]]||[http://www.kawaii.pl] |- |''[[Kiseki]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Australia]]||2009||&nbsp;||General Manga||Bi-Monthly||&nbsp;||[http://www.kisekimanga.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913095412/http://www.kisekimanga.com/ |date=2012-09-13 }} |- |''[[Komik Remaja|Kreko Komik Remaja]]''||[[Malay language|Bahasa Malaysia]]||[[Malaysia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[:de:Koneko|Koneko]]''||[[German language|German]]||[[Germany]]||2004||&nbsp;||[[Anime]], [[Manga]], [[Video game|Video Games]], [[Cosplay]]||Bi-Monthly||raptor publishing GmbH||[http://www.raptor.de/] |- |''[[Magazyn Arigato]]''||[[Polish language|Polish]]||[[Poland]]||2008||&nbsp;||General||Quarterly||[[Studio Lain]]||[http://magazyn-arigato.com.pl/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140516193918/http://magazyn-arigato.com.pl/ |date=2014-05-16 }} |- |''[[Manga Mania]]''||[[Danish language|Danish]]||[[Denmark]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Manga Mania]]''||[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]||[[Norway]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Manga Mania]]''||[[Swedish language|Swedish]]||[[Sweden]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Manga Mania]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[United Kingdom]]||1993||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Dark Horse Comics]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Manga Max]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[United Kingdom]]||December 1998||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Monthly||[[Titan Magazines]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Manga Mover]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[United Kingdom]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[http://www.boychildproductions.co.uk/mm.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022170535/http://www.boychildproductions.co.uk/mm.html |date=2020-10-22 }} |- |''[[Manga Power]]''||[[German language|German]]||[[Germany]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Manga Twister]]''||[[German language|German]]||[[Germany]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]] and [[shōnen manga]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Mangaholix]]''||[[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]<br />[[English language|English]]||[[Philippines]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Publisher]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Mangajin]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||1990-06-00||2008||Educational||&nbsp;||[[Mangajin]]||[http://www.mangajin.com/mangajin/] |- |''[[Mangamix]]''||[[Polish language|Polish]]||[[Poland]]||2001||2004||[[General]]||Bimonthly||[[Waneko]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Mangaphile]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Amerimanga]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Mangazine]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Amerimanga]]||&nbsp;||[[Antarctic Press]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Mangazyn]]''||[[Polish language|Polish]]||[[Poland]]||2003||2004||General||Monthly||[[AMPOL]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Nakayoshi#International versions|Nakayoshi: Gress!]]''||&nbsp;||[[Indonesia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||&nbsp;||[[Elex Media Komputindo]]||[http://www.domain.com/] |- |''[[Neo (magazine)|Neo]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[United Kingdom]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[http://www.neomag.co.uk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321094946/http://www.neomag.co.uk/ |date=2017-03-21 }} |- |''[[Otaku]]''||[[Polish language|Polish]]||[[Poland]]||2006||&nbsp;||General||Monthly||[[Studio JG]]||[http://www.otaku.pl/] |- |''[[Otaku USA]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||2007-08-00||&nbsp;||[[Anime]], [[manga]], pop culture||Bimonthly||[[Sovereign Media]]||[http://www.otakuusamagazine.com/] |- |''[[Otakuzine Anime Magazine]]''||[[Tagalog language|Tagalog]]<br />[[English language|English]]||[[Philippines]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||PSICOM Publishing Inc.||&nbsp; |- |''[[OzTAKU]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Australia]]||&nbsp;||2006 ||Australian manga||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Pox (magazine)|Pox]]''||[[Swedish language|Swedish]]||[[Sweden]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||Alternative||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Protoculture Addicts]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||1987||&nbsp;||[[Anime]], [[manga]]||Irregular||[[Protoculture Inc.]]||[http://www.protoculture.ca/] |- |''[[Pulp (magazine)|Pulp]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||1997||2002||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]] emphasis||Monthly||[[Viz Media]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Raijin Comics]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||2002-12-08||2004-07-00||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]] emphasis||Monthly||[[Gutsoon! Entertainment]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[RumblePakk]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Amerimanga]] ([[Shōnen manga|shōnen]] style)||&nbsp;||EigoManga||[http://rumblepak.com] |- |''[[SakuraPakk]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Amerimanga]], ([[Shōjo manga|shōjo]] style)||&nbsp;||EigoManga||[http://sakurapakk.com] |- |''[[Samurai (magazine)|Samurai]]''||[[Swedish language|Swedish]]||[[Sweden]]||1988||1992||[[Seinen manga|Seinen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shojo Beat]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||July 2005||July 2009||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]||Monthly||[[Viz Media]]||[http://shojobeat.com/] |- |''[[Shojo Stars]]''||[[Swedish language|Swedish]]||[[Sweden]]|| ||Ongoing||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]]|| || || |- |''[[Shonen Jump (magazine)|Shonen Jump]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||2003-01-00||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||Monthly||[[Viz Media]]||[http://www.shonenjump.com/] |- |''[[Weekly Shonen Jump#Norwegian Shonen Jump|Shonen Jump]]''||[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]||[[Norway]]||2005-03-00||2007-02-27||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||&nbsp;||[[Schibsted|Schibsted Förlag AB]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Weekly Shonen Jump#Swedish Shonen Jump|Shonen Jump]]''||[[Swedish language|Swedish]]||[[Sweden]]||2005-02-00||2007-01-00||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||&nbsp;||[[Bonnier Carlsen]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shonen Magz]]''<br />(Indonesian version of ''[[Shonen Magazine]]'')||&nbsp;||[[Indonesia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||&nbsp;||[[Elex Media Komputindo]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Shonen Star]]''<br />(Indonesian version of ''[[Shonen Sunday]]'')||&nbsp;||[[Indonesia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Shōnen manga|Shōnen]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Smile (magazine)|Smile]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||1998-10-00||2002||[[Shōjo manga|Shōjo]] emphasis||&nbsp;||[[Tokyopop]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Super Manga Blast!]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||General manga||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Tokyopop (magazine)|Tokyopop]]''<br />(formerly ''MixxZine'')||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||1997-08-00||2000-08-00||General manga||&nbsp;||[[Tokyopop]]||&nbsp; |- |''[[Unimaga]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[[Amerimanga]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[http://www.unimaga.com/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061205035045/http://www.unimaga.com/ |date=2006-12-05 }} |- |''[[Weekly Comic|Weekly Comic 漫畫周刊]]''||[[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]]||[[Malaysia]]||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||General manga||Weekly||&nbsp;||&nbsp; |- |''[[Xuan Xuan]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Australia]]||&nbsp;||2006||Australian manga||&nbsp;||&nbsp;||[http://members.iinet.net.au/~chandler/XuanXuan] |- |''[[Yen Plus]]''||[[English language|English]]||[[Canada]]<br />[[United States]]||2008-07-29||July 2010||&nbsp;|[[Manga]] & [[manhwa]]||Monthly||[[Yen Press]]||[http://yenpress.us/?cat=4]{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- |''[[Lazer]]''||[[Spanish language|Spanish]]||[[Argentine]]<br />[[Argentine]]||2009-04-29||&nbsp;||[[Anime]], [[manga]], pop culture||Irregular||[[Ivrea Editorial]]||[http://www.editorialivrea.com/] |} ==Talababa== {{reflist}} ==Mga kawing panlabas== * [http://comipedia.com/ ComiPedia: Manga Magazine Guide and Publication Encyclopedia] [[Category:Magasin ng Anime at manga| ]] [[Category:Talaan ng mga magasin|Manga magazines]] [[de:Liste der Manga-Magazine]] [[de:Manga-Magazin]] [[fr:Magazine de prépublication de manga]] [[it:Riviste giapponesi di fumetti]] [[ja:日本の漫画雑誌]] [[pl:Lista czasopism o mandze]] [[pt:Anexo:Lista de revistas de mangá]] [[ru:Список журналов манги]] [[th:รายชื่อหนังสือการ์ตูนรายคาบ]] [[zh:日本漫畫雜誌]] exwla760me6bep6rjut72o8livyc7f9 0 170970 2210284 2084597 2026-06-04T00:49:24Z Sofada11 161353 2210284 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Talaksan:Wiki-dstyle.png|thumb|right|Isang parehang nagtatalik na nagsasagawa ng pagpapasok sa likod.]] [[Talaksan:Doggy-style position Hyo Baku.webm|thumb]] Ang '''Pagtatalik na pang-aso''', '''Pagtatalik na parang sa aso''', o '''Pagtatalik na mala-aso''', kilala rin bilang '''pagpapasok sa likod''', ay isang pangkat ng mga [[posisyong pampagtatalik]] kung saan ang [[tumatanggap na katalik]] ay nakayukod, nakatuwad at nakabaluktot na pangkaraniwang sinusuportahan ng dalawang mga kamay at dalawang mga tuhod na ang mga hita at binti ay nakabuka. Ang pinagmulan ng katawagan sa posisyong ito ay hindi nalalaman, subalit hinihinuha na isa itong pagtukoy sa unang posisyon na ginagawa ng mga [[aso]] kapag nagtatalik. Ang paghuhukos ng gulugod sa may balakang ng babaeng mamalya, tinatawag na [[ugaling paghukos]] (''[[lordosis]] behavior'') o [[paghukos]] ng mamalya (''mammalian lordosis'') - kung saan ang pagpapalundo ng gulugod ay nagpapaturo sa tulis papunta sa harapan ng puson; at ang gulugod ay bumabaluktot na papaloob patungo sa tiyan - ay tikas o postura na isang posisyong pangpagtatatalik na [[erotiko]], probokatibo, o [[nakapagpapatighaw ng damdaming seksuwal]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/32970817/ns/today-today_fashion_and_beauty/ |title=Do high heels empower or oppress women? |author=Laura T. Coffey |date=Setyembre 23, 2009 |publisher=TODAY msnbc.com |access-date=2011-12-29 |archive-date=2009-09-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926083741/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/32970817/ns/today-today_fashion_and_beauty |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090926083741/http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/32970817/ns/today-today_fashion_and_beauty |date=2009-09-26 }}</ref> at maaaring ituring bilang isang indikasyon o pahiwatig na ang isang tao ay nais makilahok sa [[gawaing seksuwal]]. Ayon sa ''The Joy of Sex'', habang nasa ganap na paglalarong pangpagtatalik na nasa posisyong pang-aso, ang tumatanggap na katambal ay karaniwang itinuturing na nagpaparaya lamang at tahimik o sunud-sunuran at maamo.<Ref name=Comfort>{{cite book|last1=Comfort|first1=Alex|last2=Quilliam|first2=Susan|title=[[The Joy of Sex]]|year=2008|publisher=Mitchell Beazley|location=London|isbn=1-84533-429-9}} </ref> Sa estilong pang-aso, ang katalik na tumatanggap ay maaaring gumawa ng sari-saring mga gawaing pangpagtatalik, na ang masiglang kapareha ay nakapagsasagawa ng [[penetrasyong seksuwal|penetrasyon]] o [[pagpapasok na seksuwal|pagpapasok]] sa [[puki]] mula sa likuran, [[pagtatalik na pambutas ng puwit]], [[pagtatalik na pambibig]], o ''[[anilingus]]''. Maaari ring isakatuparan ng aktibong kapareha ang masahihin o pukawin ang mga [[sonang erohenosa]] ng tumatanggap na katalik, gatulad ng mga [[kasangkapang pangkasarian]] o henitalya, mga [[estimulasyon ng mga utong|utong]], at mga [[pigi]] ng [[puwit]], o kaya ang magsagawa ng pampaglalaro o erotikong pamamalo o paghampas sa puwitan,<ref name="Rogiere">Rogiere, Jean, "The Little Book of Sex". Ulysses Press. 2001. ISBN 1-56975-305-9, 96 mga pahina.</ref> o magpasok ng isang [[laruang pangpagtatalik]], katulad ng [[dildo]] o [[vibrator (sex toy)|pambayok]], sa puki o sa butas ng puwit. Ang katagang "pagtatalik na parang katulad ng sa aso", at iba pang anyo ng pangungusap na may ganitong diwa, ay pinakamadalas na ginagamit na panturing sa pagtatalik na estilong pang-aso, na nangangahulugang [[pagtatalik]], at partikular na ang [[pagtatalik na pampuki]] na ginagawa ng magkatambal na lalaki at babae. Ang posisyong ito ay isinasagawa na magmula mo noong unang mga kapanahunan. Sa [[sinaunang Gresya]], ang pagpapasok ng titi habang nasa likuran ng katalik ay isang malaganap na gawaing seksuwal. Hanggang sa mga araw na ito, ang pagtatalik na pampuwitan ay paminsan-minsang tinutukoy bilang pakikipagtalik na "Griyego" o "pakikipagtalik ayon sa nakagawian ng mga Griyego". Sa [[sinaunang Roma]], ang posisyong pang-aso ay nakikilala bilang "pakikipagtalik ayon sa kaugalian ng mga hayop" (Latin: ''coitus more ferarum''). Inilarawan ito sa ''[[Kama Sutra]]'' bilang posisyon ng "baka" o "ang konggreso ng isang baka" (sa diwang ito, ang "konggresso" ay may kahulugang "pagtatalik", kaya ito ay "ang pakikipagtalik ng isang baka")<ref name="kama">''The [[Kama Sutra]]'', ayon sa ibinigay sa [http://www.kamasutra-sex.org/text/]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906051834/http://www.kamasutra-sex.org/text/ |date=2008-09-06 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906051834/http://www.kamasutra-sex.org/text/ |date=2008-09-06 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906051834/http://www.kamasutra-sex.org/text/ |date=2008-09-06 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906051834/http://www.kamasutra-sex.org/text/ |date=2008-09-06 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906051834/http://www.kamasutra-sex.org/text/ |date=2008-09-06 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906051834/http://www.kamasutra-sex.org/text/ |date=2008-09-06 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906051834/http://www.kamasutra-sex.org/text/ |date=2008-09-06 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906051834/http://www.kamasutra-sex.org/text/ |date=2008-09-06 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906051834/http://www.kamasutra-sex.org/text/ |date=2008-09-06 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906051834/http://www.kamasutra-sex.org/text/ |date=2008-09-06 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906051834/http://www.kamasutra-sex.org/text/ |date=2008-09-06 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906051834/http://www.kamasutra-sex.org/text/ |date=2008-09-06 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906051834/http://www.kamasutra-sex.org/text/ |date=2008-09-06 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906051834/http://www.kamasutra-sex.org/text/ |date=2008-09-06 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906051834/http://www.kamasutra-sex.org/text/ |date=2008-09-06 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906051834/http://www.kamasutra-sex.org/text/ |date=2008-09-06 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906051834/http://www.kamasutra-sex.org/text/ |date=2008-09-06 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906051834/http://www.kamasutra-sex.org/text/ |date=2008-09-06 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906051834/http://www.kamasutra-sex.org/text/ |date=2008-09-06 }} Kamasutra-sex.org {{dead link|date=Disyembre 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906051834/http://www.kamasutra-sex.org/text/ |date=2008-09-06 }}</ref> at nakatala sa ''[[The Perfumed Garden|Ang Pinabanguhang Halamanan]]''.<ref name="garden">''[[The Perfumed Garden|The Perfumed Garden of Sensual Delight]]'', Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Nafzawi</ref> ==Mga sanggunian== {{Reflist}} [[Kategorya:Mga posisyon sa pagtatalik]] khjm7akn93s9x58h1as2hvnpzzxgr80 0 174782 2210214 2208687 2026-06-03T12:25:47Z Tabilay 153890 2210214 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang '''Australian Open''' ay isa sa apat na [[:en:Grand_Slam_(tennis)|Grand Slam]] na paligsahan sa tennis, na ginaganap tuwing Enero sa [[:en:Melbourne_Park|Melbourne Park]] sa Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Ito ang unang malaking torneo ng taon sa kalendaryo ng tennis at tampok ang mga laban sa men's at women's singles, doubles, mixed doubles, juniors, legends, at wheelchair tennis. Lahat ng laro ay nilalaro sa outdoor cushioned acrylic hard courts na inihahanda ng GreenSet Worldwide. <!-- == Kasaysayan == Itinatag noong 1905 bilang [[:en:Australasian_Championships|Australasian Championships]] sa Warehouseman's Cricket Ground sa Melbourne. Noong 1927, pinalitan ang pangalan bilang [[:en:Australian_Championships|Australian Championships]], at noong 1969 naging [[:en:Australian_Open|Australian Open]] upang payagan ang parehong amateur at propesyonal na manlalaro. Sa kasaysayan nito, ginanap ang torneo sa iba't ibang lungsod sa Australia at New Zealand, kabilang ang Sydney, Adelaide, Brisbane, Perth, at Christchurch, bago tuluyang lumipat sa [[:en:Melbourne_Park|Melbourne Park]] noong 1988. Itinigil ang torneo noong [[Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig]] (1916–1918) at [[Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig]] (1941–1945). Sa panahon ng [[:en:Open_Era|Open Era]] simula 1969, lumawak ang prestihiyo ng torneo at naging sentro ng pandaigdigang tennis. == Format == * ''Men's singles'' – best-of-five sets * ''Women's singles, doubles, mixed doubles'' – best-of-three sets * ''Tiebreak'' – first-to-7 sa non-deciding sets; first-to-10 sa deciding set (mula 2019) Mayroon ding junior championships (under-18), wheelchair events, at legends exhibitions. == Venue == Ang pangunahing lugar ay ang [[:en:Rod_Laver_Arena|Rod Laver Arena]] na may kapasidad na 15,000 at may retractable roof. Kasama rin ang [[:en:Margaret_Court_Arena|Margaret Court Arena]] (7,500), [[:en:Melbourne_Arena|Melbourne Arena]] (9,646), [[:en:1573_Arena|1573 Arena]] (3,000), at [[:en:Kia_Arena|Kia Arena]] (5,000). Kabuuang 39 na korte ang ginagamit sa [[:en:Melbourne_Park|Melbourne Park]]. == Premyo == Noong 2026, umabot sa rekord na A$111.5 milyon ang kabuuang prize pool, kung saan ang mga kampeon sa men's at women's singles ay tumanggap ng A$4.15 milyon bawat isa. Simula 2001, pantay na ang premyo para sa kalalakihan at kababaihan. == Mga Tropeo == * [[:en:Norman_Brookes_Challenge_Cup|Norman Brookes Challenge Cup]] – men's singles * [[:en:Daphne_Akhurst_Memorial_Cup|Daphne Akhurst Memorial Cup]] – women's singles * Mga [[:en:Sterling_silver|sterling silver]] cups para sa doubles at mixed doubles == Mga Kampeon == * Pinakamaraming men's singles titles: [[:en:Novak_Djokovic|Novak Djokovic]] (10, mula 2008–2023) * Pinakamaraming women's singles titles: [[:en:Margaret_Court|Margaret Court]] (11, mula 1960–1973) --> == Sanggunian == qyh7arwa6goozqk8nph95j01yhl3ykg 0 192081 2210240 2205720 2026-06-03T17:11:13Z InternetArchiveBot 113521 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2210240 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Talaksan:Eastern Europe from space.png|thumb|300px|Isang pag-render ng kompyuter ng Silangang Europa]] Ang '''Silangang Europa''' ay ang [[silangan]]g bahagi ng [[kontinente]] ng [[Europa]]. Ang kataga ay mayroong malawak na pagkakaiba sa pag-unawang [[heopolitiko]], [[pangheograpiya]], [[pangkultura]], at [[pangsosyoekonomiya]], kung kaya't nakabatay ito sa diwa at may katangiang pabagu-bago.<ref name="TheBalkans">[http://www.cotf.edu/earthinfo/balkans/BKdef.html "The Balkans"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210020555/http://www.cotf.edu/earthinfo/balkans/BKdef.html |date=2017-12-10 }}, ''Global Perspectives: A Remote Sensing and World Issues Site''. Wheeling Jesuit University/Center for Educational Technologies, 1999-2002.</ref> Isang kahulugan ang naglalarawan na ang Silangang Europa ay isang [[entidad]] na [[kulturang Europeo|makakultura]] at [[etno-kultural]]: bilang isang rehiyong nakalagay sa Europa na ang pangunahing mga katangian ay binubuo ng mga impluwensiyang [[Bisantino]], [[Kristiyanismong Pangsilangan]] (Ortodoks) at ng maliit at may limitasyon na impluwensiyang [[Imperyong Ottoman|Ottoman]].<ref name="UN">[http://141.74.33.52/stagn/JordanEuropaRegional/tabid/71/Default.aspx A Subdivision of Europe into Larger Regions by Cultural Criteria prepared by Peter Jordan, the framework of the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (StAGN), Vienna, Austria, 2006]</ref><ref name="EasternEuropeHandbook">{{Citation |last=Ramet |first=Sabrina P. |title=Eastern Europe: politics, culture, and society since 1939 |page=15 |year=1998 |publisher=[[Indiana University Press]] |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=eWmDAd6vr5sC&pg=PA15&lpg=PA15&dq=eastern+europe+definition&source=bl&ots=tYi5LhsIpz&sig=rHczwXEiCcPkVGNMUokIYc-sMVE&hl=en&ei=q5CPSt_0C4GN_AaSlK2vAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5#v=onepage&q=eastern%20europe%20definition&f=false |accessdate=2011-10-05}}</ref> Isa pang kahulugan ang isinasang-alang-alang ng ilang mga may-akda bilang hindi na napapanahon,<ref>"The geopolitical conditions (...) are now a thing of the past, and some specialists today think that Eastern Europe has outlived its usefulness as a phrase."{{Citation |url=http://science.jrank.org/pages/11016/Regions-Regionalism-Eastern-Europe-Future-Eastern-Europe.html |title=Regions, Regionalism, Eastern Europe by Steven Cassedy |publisher=New Dictionary of the History of Ideas, Charles Scribner's Sons |year=2005 |accessdate=2010-01-31 |archive-date=2013-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029190603/http://science.jrank.org/pages/11016/Regions-Regionalism-Eastern-Europe-Future-Eastern-Europe.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="sofiaecho.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sofiaecho.com/2010/01/10/839942_the-economist-eastern-europe-a-bogus-term |title=The Economist: Eastern Europe a bogus term - South Eastern Europe - The Sofia Echo<!-- Bot generated title --> |access-date=2012-11-10 |archive-date=2013-04-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130426232916/http://www.sofiaecho.com/2010/01/10/839942_the-economist-eastern-europe-a-bogus-term |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="cotf.edu">"One very common, but now outdated, definition of Eastern Europe was the Soviet-dominated communist countries of Europe."http://www.cotf.edu/earthinfo/balkans/BKdef.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171210020555/http://www.cotf.edu/earthinfo/balkans/BKdef.html |date=2017-12-10 }}</ref><ref name="CEreview">"Too much writing on the region has - consciously or unconsciously - clung to an outdated image of 'Eastern Europe', desperately trying to patch together political and social developments from Budapest to Bukhara or Tallinn to Tashkent without acknowledging that this Cold War frame of reference is coming apart at the seams. [http://www.ce-review.org/99/1/hanley1.html Central Europe Review: Re-Viewing Central Europe By Sean Hanley, Kazi Stastna and Andrew Stroehlein, 1999] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031132532/http://www.ce-review.org/99/1/hanley1.html |date=2017-10-31 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |last1=Berglund |first1=Sten |last2=Ekman |first2=Joakim |last3=Aarebrot |first3=Frank H. |title=The handbook of political change in Eastern Europe |page=2 |year=2004 |publisher=[[Edward Elgar Publishing]] &#91;via Google Books&#93; |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=HeRzzwzdfPkC&pg=PA2&lpg=PA2&dq=Eastern+Europe+term+outdated&source=bl&ots=LSLHG97Qxj&sig=6WDECgIXGRj7hrP6RNTBMqCvMHE&hl=en&ei=63n9StCdDNjD_gbp0vSMCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CBgQ6AEwBDgU#v=onepage&q=Eastern%20Europe%20term%20outdated&f=false |accessdate=2011-10-05 |quote=The term 'Eastern Europe' is ambiguous and in many ways outdated.}}</ref> ay nalikha noong panahon ng [[Digmaang Malamig]] at ginagamit, humigit-kumulang, bilang katumbas ng katagang ''[[Bloke ng Silangan]]''. Isang kahalintulad na kahulugan ang nagpangalan sa dating mga [[Estado (pamahalaan)|estado]]ng [[komunista]] sa Europa na nasa labas ng [[Unyong Sobyet]] bilang "Silangang Europa".<ref name="EasternEuropeHandbook"/> Ang Silangang Europa at ang [[Gitnang Europa]] ay isang tahanan para sa bunton ng [[mga Hudyo]] hanggang sa dekada ng 1940<ref>Area Handbook of the US Library of Congress: History of Israel http://motherearthtravel.com/history/israel/history-2.htm</ref> ay ang pook na pinagsimulan ng [[Hudaismong Hasidiko]], [[Lithuanian Jews|Hudaismong Litvak]] at ilan pang mga [[organisasyon ng Simbahang Ortodoks|simbahang Ortodoks]]. ==Mga sanggunian== {{Reflist}} {{usbong|Europa|Heograpiya}} [[Kategorya:Silangang Europa]] loeypce72k7ri8i9vbs7rytpokbutmi 0 211784 2210330 2204877 2026-06-04T09:30:48Z ~2026-33102-02 162592 /* Programa */ currently aired under maintenance. 2210330 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs | image = [[Image:ABS-CBNNCA.svg|270px|center]] | label1 = Division of | data1 = [[ABS-CBN]] | label2 = Country | data2 = [[Philippines]] | label3 = Area served | data3 = Worldwide | label4 = Key people | data4 = {{plainlist | * Ging Reyes <small>(Head, Integrated News and Current Affairs and Managing Director, ABS-CBN News Channel)</small> * Claude Vitug <small>(Head, Integrated News Operations)</small> * Dindo Amparo <small>(Head, Integrated News Gathering Group)</small> * Dondi Ocampo <small>(Head, News, Variety, Infotainment and Talk [Ecosystem 1])</small> * Marielle Gaceta-Catbagan <small>(Head, Integrated News Production Group)</small> * Chi Almario-Gonzales <small>(Head, Investigative and Research Group)</small> * Ces Oreña-Drilon <small>(Acquisition Content Head, Lifestyle Ecosystem)</small> * Lynda Jumilla <small>(Executive Editor, ABS-CBN News Digital)</small> * Nadia Trinidad <small>(Chief Operating Officer, ABS-CBN News Channel)</small> * [[Stanley Palisada]] <small>(Head, Bureaus and Regional Network Group News)</small> * Alcuin Papa <small>(Head, Global News Bureaus)</small> * Marah Faner-Capuyan <small>(Station Manager, DZMM Radyo Patrol 630)</small> }} | label5 = Headquarters | data5 = [[ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center]], Sgt. Esguerra Avenue corner Mother Ignacia Street, Diliman, [[Quezon City]], [[Philippines]] | label6 = Slogan | data6 = ''In The Service of the Filipino'' <br/> ''Malasakit sa Isa't Isa Sa Lahat ng Panahon'' | label7 = Language | data7 = {{Plainlist| * [[Filipino language|Filipino]] (main) * [[English language|English]] (secondary, used for [[ABS-CBN News Channel|ANC]] and [[ABS-CBN Sports and Action|S+A]]'s ''[[The Score (Philippine TV show)|The Score]]'') }} | label8 = Website | data8 = {{URL|http://news.abs-cbn.com}} }} Ang '''ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs''' kilala sa ere bilang '''ABS-CBN News''' (dating kilala bilang '''ABS-CBN News and Public Affairs''') ay ang news division ng Philippine media conglomerate na [[ABS-CBN]]. Ang organisasyon ay responsable para sa araw-araw na balita at impormasyon na pangangalap ng mga programa ng balita nito. Ito ay nagsisilbi sa pangunahing [[ABS-CBN]], ang Regional Network Group, ang UHF sports channel na S+A, ang cable channels na [[ABS-CBN News Channel]] at [[DZMM TeleRadyo]], ang international channel na TFC, ang flagship radio station na [[DZMM-AM|DZMM]] at ang mga regional radio networks na DYAP 765 Palawan, DYAB 1512 Cebu at DXAB 1296 Davao at ang news website na news.abs-cbn.com at patrol.ph.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caña |first=Paul John |date=5 Oktubre 2023 |title=Prime Media Holdings' Partnership with ABS-CBN Is 'Making a Mark' in the Country, Company Says |url=https://id.summitmedia.com.ph?d=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esquiremag.ph%2Fmoney%2Findustry%2Fprime-media-holdings-abs-cbn-partnership-update-a00289-20231005 |access-date=7 Mayo 2025 |website=Esquire Magazine |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=Hunyo 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bagaoisan |first=Andrew Jonathan |date=27 Marso 2025 |title=The eras and anchors of TV Patrol: A breakdown |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/nation/2025/3/26/tv-patrol-eras-anchors-breakdown-0205 |access-date=7 Mayo 2025 |website=[[ABS-CBN News]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Programa== ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa Kapamilya Channel=== {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| *''ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs Special Report'' *''[[Bandila (programa sa telebisyon)|Bandila]]'' *''Failon Ngayon'' *''Matanglawin'' *''News Patrol'' *''Pinoy True Stories'' **''Mission Possible'' **''My Puhunan'' **''Red Alert'' **''Sports U'' **''Tapatan ni Tunying'' *''Rated K'' *''Salamat Dok!'' *''S.O.C.O. (Scene of the Crime Operatives)'' *''Swak na Swak'' *''The Bottomline with Boy Abunda'' *''[[TV Patrol]]'' *''TV Patrol Weekend'' *''Umagang Kay Ganda'' }} ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa ABS-CBN News Channel=== {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| *''#BecomingFilipino: Your Travel Blog'' *''@ancalerts'' *''ANC Breaking News'' *''ANC Headlines'' *''ANC Live'' *''ANC Presents'' *''Asian Air Safari'' *''At The Table'' *''Beyond Politics with Lynda Jumilla'' *''Business Nightly'' *''Chasing Flavors'' *''CHInoy TV'' *''Cityscape'' *''Dayaw'' *''Gametime'' *''Dateline Philippines'' *''Early Edition'' *''Executive Class'' *''Future Perfect'' *''Galing Pook'' *''Graceful Living'' *''Green Living'' *''Hardball'' *''Headstart with Karen Davila'' *''Kerygma TV'' *''Local Legends'' *''LSS: The Martin Nievera Show'' *''Market Edge with Cathy Yang'' *''Modern Living TV'' *''Mukha'' *''News Now'' *''On The Money'' *''Philippine Realty TV'' *''Rev'' *''Shop Talk'' *''Show Me The Market'' *''Square Off: The Firm Debates'' *''State of the Art'' *''Talkback'' *''The Art Show'' *''The Boss'' *''The Bureau'' *''The Game Changer Philippines'' *''The Wine Show'' *''The Word Exposed'' *''[[The World Tonight]]'' *''Trending with Kelly'' *''Top Story'' }} ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa S+A=== * ''The Score'' ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa The Filipino Channel=== *''Adobo Nation'' *''Balitang America'' *''Balitang Global'' *''Citizen Pinoy'' *''Kwentong Disyerto'' ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa Kapamilya Channel Regional=== ====Pambalitaang panrehiyon==== {{Main|TV Patrol#TV Patrol on ABS-CBN Regional Network Group}} =====Luzon===== *''[[TV Patrol Bicol]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-11 Naga) *''[[TV Patrol Cagayan Valley]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-2 Isabela) *''[[TV Patrol Pampanga|TV Patrol Central Luzon]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-46 Pampanga) *''[[TV Patrol Ilocos]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-7 Laoag) *''[[TV Patrol North Central Luzon]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-32 Dagupan) *''[[TV Patrol Northern Luzon]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Baguio) *''[[TV Patrol Palawan]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-7 Palawan) *''[[TV Patrol Southern Tagalog]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-10 Batangas) =====Visayas===== *''[[TV Patrol Central Visayas]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Cebu) *''[[TV Patrol Eastern Visayas]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-2 Tacloban) *''[[TV Patrol Negros]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Bacolod) *''[[TV Patrol Panay]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-10 Iloilo) =====Mindanao===== *''[[TV Patrol Caraga]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-11 Butuan) *''[[TV Patrol Central Mindanao]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-5 Cotabato) *''TV Patrol Chavacano'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Zamboanga) *''[[TV Patrol Northern Mindanao]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-2 Cagayan de Oro) *''[[TV Patrol Socsksargen]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 General Santos) *''[[TV Patrol Southern Mindanao]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Davao) ====Regional news bulletins==== {{Main|News Patrol#Regional editions}} *''News Patrol Central Visayas'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Cebu) *''News Patrol Davao'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Davao) *''[[News Patrol Kapampangan]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-46 Pampanga) ====Iba pang mga programang panrehiyon==== *''Bagong Umaga, Bagong Balita'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-32 Dagupan) **''Bagong Umaga, Sabado'' *''Maayong Buntag Kapamilya'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Cebu) **''Maayong Buntag Kapamilya Sabado'' *''Maayong Buntag Mindanao'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Davao) **''Maayong Buntag Mindanao Sabado'' *''Magandang Umaga South Central Mindanao'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 General Santos) *''Marhay na Aga Kapamilya'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-11 Naga) *''Naimbag Nga Morning Kapamilya'' (ABS-CBN TV-3 Baguio) *''Pamahaw Espesyal'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-2 Cagayan de Oro) *''Panay Sikat'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-10 Iloilo) **''Panay Sikat Sabado'' *''The Morning Show'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Bacolod) ==Tignan din== *[[ABS-CBN]] *[[ABS-CBN News Channel]] *[[ABS-CBN Sports and Action|S+A]] *[[DZMM-AM|DZMM Radyo Patrol 630 kHz AM]] *[[List of programs broadcast by ABS-CBN]] *[[List of programs broadcast by ABS-CBN Sports and Action]] *[[List of programs shown on the ABS-CBN News Channel]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panlabas na kawing== * [http://www.abs-cbn.com/ ABS-CBN Official Website] * [http://news.abs-cbn.com/ ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs Official Website] * [http://news.abs-cbn.com/anc ABS-CBN News Channel Official Website] * [http://www.dzmm.com.ph/ DZMM Official Website] * [http://news.abs-cbn.com/patrolph patrol.ph] {{ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs}} {{ABS-CBN}} [[Category:ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs| ]] [[Category:Assets owned by ABS-CBN]] 8syee6up394ocuslv3gwz38l8rxg9zd 2210331 2210330 2026-06-04T09:31:28Z ~2026-33102-02 162592 /* Visayas */ re clean up from CruzRamiss2002. 2210331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs | image = [[Image:ABS-CBNNCA.svg|270px|center]] | label1 = Division of | data1 = [[ABS-CBN]] | label2 = Country | data2 = [[Philippines]] | label3 = Area served | data3 = Worldwide | label4 = Key people | data4 = {{plainlist | * Ging Reyes <small>(Head, Integrated News and Current Affairs and Managing Director, ABS-CBN News Channel)</small> * Claude Vitug <small>(Head, Integrated News Operations)</small> * Dindo Amparo <small>(Head, Integrated News Gathering Group)</small> * Dondi Ocampo <small>(Head, News, Variety, Infotainment and Talk [Ecosystem 1])</small> * Marielle Gaceta-Catbagan <small>(Head, Integrated News Production Group)</small> * Chi Almario-Gonzales <small>(Head, Investigative and Research Group)</small> * Ces Oreña-Drilon <small>(Acquisition Content Head, Lifestyle Ecosystem)</small> * Lynda Jumilla <small>(Executive Editor, ABS-CBN News Digital)</small> * Nadia Trinidad <small>(Chief Operating Officer, ABS-CBN News Channel)</small> * [[Stanley Palisada]] <small>(Head, Bureaus and Regional Network Group News)</small> * Alcuin Papa <small>(Head, Global News Bureaus)</small> * Marah Faner-Capuyan <small>(Station Manager, DZMM Radyo Patrol 630)</small> }} | label5 = Headquarters | data5 = [[ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center]], Sgt. Esguerra Avenue corner Mother Ignacia Street, Diliman, [[Quezon City]], [[Philippines]] | label6 = Slogan | data6 = ''In The Service of the Filipino'' <br/> ''Malasakit sa Isa't Isa Sa Lahat ng Panahon'' | label7 = Language | data7 = {{Plainlist| * [[Filipino language|Filipino]] (main) * [[English language|English]] (secondary, used for [[ABS-CBN News Channel|ANC]] and [[ABS-CBN Sports and Action|S+A]]'s ''[[The Score (Philippine TV show)|The Score]]'') }} | label8 = Website | data8 = {{URL|http://news.abs-cbn.com}} }} Ang '''ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs''' kilala sa ere bilang '''ABS-CBN News''' (dating kilala bilang '''ABS-CBN News and Public Affairs''') ay ang news division ng Philippine media conglomerate na [[ABS-CBN]]. Ang organisasyon ay responsable para sa araw-araw na balita at impormasyon na pangangalap ng mga programa ng balita nito. Ito ay nagsisilbi sa pangunahing [[ABS-CBN]], ang Regional Network Group, ang UHF sports channel na S+A, ang cable channels na [[ABS-CBN News Channel]] at [[DZMM TeleRadyo]], ang international channel na TFC, ang flagship radio station na [[DZMM-AM|DZMM]] at ang mga regional radio networks na DYAP 765 Palawan, DYAB 1512 Cebu at DXAB 1296 Davao at ang news website na news.abs-cbn.com at patrol.ph.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caña |first=Paul John |date=5 Oktubre 2023 |title=Prime Media Holdings' Partnership with ABS-CBN Is 'Making a Mark' in the Country, Company Says |url=https://id.summitmedia.com.ph?d=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esquiremag.ph%2Fmoney%2Findustry%2Fprime-media-holdings-abs-cbn-partnership-update-a00289-20231005 |access-date=7 Mayo 2025 |website=Esquire Magazine |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=Hunyo 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bagaoisan |first=Andrew Jonathan |date=27 Marso 2025 |title=The eras and anchors of TV Patrol: A breakdown |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/nation/2025/3/26/tv-patrol-eras-anchors-breakdown-0205 |access-date=7 Mayo 2025 |website=[[ABS-CBN News]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Programa== ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa Kapamilya Channel=== {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| *''ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs Special Report'' *''[[Bandila (programa sa telebisyon)|Bandila]]'' *''Failon Ngayon'' *''Matanglawin'' *''News Patrol'' *''Pinoy True Stories'' **''Mission Possible'' **''My Puhunan'' **''Red Alert'' **''Sports U'' **''Tapatan ni Tunying'' *''Rated K'' *''Salamat Dok!'' *''S.O.C.O. (Scene of the Crime Operatives)'' *''Swak na Swak'' *''The Bottomline with Boy Abunda'' *''[[TV Patrol]]'' *''TV Patrol Weekend'' *''Umagang Kay Ganda'' }} ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa ABS-CBN News Channel=== {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| *''#BecomingFilipino: Your Travel Blog'' *''@ancalerts'' *''ANC Breaking News'' *''ANC Headlines'' *''ANC Live'' *''ANC Presents'' *''Asian Air Safari'' *''At The Table'' *''Beyond Politics with Lynda Jumilla'' *''Business Nightly'' *''Chasing Flavors'' *''CHInoy TV'' *''Cityscape'' *''Dayaw'' *''Gametime'' *''Dateline Philippines'' *''Early Edition'' *''Executive Class'' *''Future Perfect'' *''Galing Pook'' *''Graceful Living'' *''Green Living'' *''Hardball'' *''Headstart with Karen Davila'' *''Kerygma TV'' *''Local Legends'' *''LSS: The Martin Nievera Show'' *''Market Edge with Cathy Yang'' *''Modern Living TV'' *''Mukha'' *''News Now'' *''On The Money'' *''Philippine Realty TV'' *''Rev'' *''Shop Talk'' *''Show Me The Market'' *''Square Off: The Firm Debates'' *''State of the Art'' *''Talkback'' *''The Art Show'' *''The Boss'' *''The Bureau'' *''The Game Changer Philippines'' *''The Wine Show'' *''The Word Exposed'' *''[[The World Tonight]]'' *''Trending with Kelly'' *''Top Story'' }} ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa S+A=== * ''The Score'' ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa The Filipino Channel=== *''Adobo Nation'' *''Balitang America'' *''Balitang Global'' *''Citizen Pinoy'' *''Kwentong Disyerto'' ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa Kapamilya Channel Regional=== ====Pambalitaang panrehiyon==== {{Main|TV Patrol#TV Patrol on ABS-CBN Regional Network Group}} =====Luzon===== *''[[TV Patrol Bicol]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-11 Naga) *''[[TV Patrol Cagayan Valley]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-2 Isabela) *''[[TV Patrol Pampanga|TV Patrol Central Luzon]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-46 Pampanga) *''[[TV Patrol Ilocos]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-7 Laoag) *''[[TV Patrol North Central Luzon]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-32 Dagupan) *''[[TV Patrol Northern Luzon]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Baguio) *''[[TV Patrol Palawan]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-7 Palawan) *''[[TV Patrol Southern Tagalog]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-10 Batangas) =====Visayas===== *''[[TV Patrol Central Visayas]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Cebu) *''[[TV Patrol Tacloban|TV Patrol Eastern Visayas]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-2 Tacloban) *''[[TV Patrol Negros]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Bacolod) *''[[TV Patrol Iloilo|TV Patrol Panay]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-10 Iloilo) =====Mindanao===== *''[[TV Patrol Caraga]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-11 Butuan) *''[[TV Patrol Central Mindanao]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-5 Cotabato) *''TV Patrol Chavacano'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Zamboanga) *''[[TV Patrol Northern Mindanao]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-2 Cagayan de Oro) *''[[TV Patrol Socsksargen]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 General Santos) *''[[TV Patrol Southern Mindanao]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Davao) ====Regional news bulletins==== {{Main|News Patrol#Regional editions}} *''News Patrol Central Visayas'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Cebu) *''News Patrol Davao'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Davao) *''[[News Patrol Kapampangan]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-46 Pampanga) ====Iba pang mga programang panrehiyon==== *''Bagong Umaga, Bagong Balita'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-32 Dagupan) **''Bagong Umaga, Sabado'' *''Maayong Buntag Kapamilya'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Cebu) **''Maayong Buntag Kapamilya Sabado'' *''Maayong Buntag Mindanao'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Davao) **''Maayong Buntag Mindanao Sabado'' *''Magandang Umaga South Central Mindanao'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 General Santos) *''Marhay na Aga Kapamilya'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-11 Naga) *''Naimbag Nga Morning Kapamilya'' (ABS-CBN TV-3 Baguio) *''Pamahaw Espesyal'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-2 Cagayan de Oro) *''Panay Sikat'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-10 Iloilo) **''Panay Sikat Sabado'' *''The Morning Show'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Bacolod) ==Tignan din== *[[ABS-CBN]] *[[ABS-CBN News Channel]] *[[ABS-CBN Sports and Action|S+A]] *[[DZMM-AM|DZMM Radyo Patrol 630 kHz AM]] *[[List of programs broadcast by ABS-CBN]] *[[List of programs broadcast by ABS-CBN Sports and Action]] *[[List of programs shown on the ABS-CBN News Channel]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panlabas na kawing== * [http://www.abs-cbn.com/ ABS-CBN Official Website] * [http://news.abs-cbn.com/ ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs Official Website] * [http://news.abs-cbn.com/anc ABS-CBN News Channel Official Website] * [http://www.dzmm.com.ph/ DZMM Official Website] * [http://news.abs-cbn.com/patrolph patrol.ph] {{ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs}} {{ABS-CBN}} [[Category:ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs| ]] [[Category:Assets owned by ABS-CBN]] pdufi2dpwuaxz8laqaq3xbbqjnaxsss 2210332 2210331 2026-06-04T09:31:57Z ~2026-33102-02 162592 /* Regional news bulletins */ recategorizing from CruzRamiss2002. 2210332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs | image = [[Image:ABS-CBNNCA.svg|270px|center]] | label1 = Division of | data1 = [[ABS-CBN]] | label2 = Country | data2 = [[Philippines]] | label3 = Area served | data3 = Worldwide | label4 = Key people | data4 = {{plainlist | * Ging Reyes <small>(Head, Integrated News and Current Affairs and Managing Director, ABS-CBN News Channel)</small> * Claude Vitug <small>(Head, Integrated News Operations)</small> * Dindo Amparo <small>(Head, Integrated News Gathering Group)</small> * Dondi Ocampo <small>(Head, News, Variety, Infotainment and Talk [Ecosystem 1])</small> * Marielle Gaceta-Catbagan <small>(Head, Integrated News Production Group)</small> * Chi Almario-Gonzales <small>(Head, Investigative and Research Group)</small> * Ces Oreña-Drilon <small>(Acquisition Content Head, Lifestyle Ecosystem)</small> * Lynda Jumilla <small>(Executive Editor, ABS-CBN News Digital)</small> * Nadia Trinidad <small>(Chief Operating Officer, ABS-CBN News Channel)</small> * [[Stanley Palisada]] <small>(Head, Bureaus and Regional Network Group News)</small> * Alcuin Papa <small>(Head, Global News Bureaus)</small> * Marah Faner-Capuyan <small>(Station Manager, DZMM Radyo Patrol 630)</small> }} | label5 = Headquarters | data5 = [[ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center]], Sgt. Esguerra Avenue corner Mother Ignacia Street, Diliman, [[Quezon City]], [[Philippines]] | label6 = Slogan | data6 = ''In The Service of the Filipino'' <br/> ''Malasakit sa Isa't Isa Sa Lahat ng Panahon'' | label7 = Language | data7 = {{Plainlist| * [[Filipino language|Filipino]] (main) * [[English language|English]] (secondary, used for [[ABS-CBN News Channel|ANC]] and [[ABS-CBN Sports and Action|S+A]]'s ''[[The Score (Philippine TV show)|The Score]]'') }} | label8 = Website | data8 = {{URL|http://news.abs-cbn.com}} }} Ang '''ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs''' kilala sa ere bilang '''ABS-CBN News''' (dating kilala bilang '''ABS-CBN News and Public Affairs''') ay ang news division ng Philippine media conglomerate na [[ABS-CBN]]. Ang organisasyon ay responsable para sa araw-araw na balita at impormasyon na pangangalap ng mga programa ng balita nito. Ito ay nagsisilbi sa pangunahing [[ABS-CBN]], ang Regional Network Group, ang UHF sports channel na S+A, ang cable channels na [[ABS-CBN News Channel]] at [[DZMM TeleRadyo]], ang international channel na TFC, ang flagship radio station na [[DZMM-AM|DZMM]] at ang mga regional radio networks na DYAP 765 Palawan, DYAB 1512 Cebu at DXAB 1296 Davao at ang news website na news.abs-cbn.com at patrol.ph.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caña |first=Paul John |date=5 Oktubre 2023 |title=Prime Media Holdings' Partnership with ABS-CBN Is 'Making a Mark' in the Country, Company Says |url=https://id.summitmedia.com.ph?d=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esquiremag.ph%2Fmoney%2Findustry%2Fprime-media-holdings-abs-cbn-partnership-update-a00289-20231005 |access-date=7 Mayo 2025 |website=Esquire Magazine |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=Hunyo 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bagaoisan |first=Andrew Jonathan |date=27 Marso 2025 |title=The eras and anchors of TV Patrol: A breakdown |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/nation/2025/3/26/tv-patrol-eras-anchors-breakdown-0205 |access-date=7 Mayo 2025 |website=[[ABS-CBN News]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Programa== ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa Kapamilya Channel=== {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| *''ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs Special Report'' *''[[Bandila (programa sa telebisyon)|Bandila]]'' *''Failon Ngayon'' *''Matanglawin'' *''News Patrol'' *''Pinoy True Stories'' **''Mission Possible'' **''My Puhunan'' **''Red Alert'' **''Sports U'' **''Tapatan ni Tunying'' *''Rated K'' *''Salamat Dok!'' *''S.O.C.O. (Scene of the Crime Operatives)'' *''Swak na Swak'' *''The Bottomline with Boy Abunda'' *''[[TV Patrol]]'' *''TV Patrol Weekend'' *''Umagang Kay Ganda'' }} ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa ABS-CBN News Channel=== {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| *''#BecomingFilipino: Your Travel Blog'' *''@ancalerts'' *''ANC Breaking News'' *''ANC Headlines'' *''ANC Live'' *''ANC Presents'' *''Asian Air Safari'' *''At The Table'' *''Beyond Politics with Lynda Jumilla'' *''Business Nightly'' *''Chasing Flavors'' *''CHInoy TV'' *''Cityscape'' *''Dayaw'' *''Gametime'' *''Dateline Philippines'' *''Early Edition'' *''Executive Class'' *''Future Perfect'' *''Galing Pook'' *''Graceful Living'' *''Green Living'' *''Hardball'' *''Headstart with Karen Davila'' *''Kerygma TV'' *''Local Legends'' *''LSS: The Martin Nievera Show'' *''Market Edge with Cathy Yang'' *''Modern Living TV'' *''Mukha'' *''News Now'' *''On The Money'' *''Philippine Realty TV'' *''Rev'' *''Shop Talk'' *''Show Me The Market'' *''Square Off: The Firm Debates'' *''State of the Art'' *''Talkback'' *''The Art Show'' *''The Boss'' *''The Bureau'' *''The Game Changer Philippines'' *''The Wine Show'' *''The Word Exposed'' *''[[The World Tonight]]'' *''Trending with Kelly'' *''Top Story'' }} ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa S+A=== * ''The Score'' ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa The Filipino Channel=== *''Adobo Nation'' *''Balitang America'' *''Balitang Global'' *''Citizen Pinoy'' *''Kwentong Disyerto'' ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa Kapamilya Channel Regional=== ====Pambalitaang panrehiyon==== {{Main|TV Patrol#TV Patrol on ABS-CBN Regional Network Group}} =====Luzon===== *''[[TV Patrol Bicol]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-11 Naga) *''[[TV Patrol Cagayan Valley]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-2 Isabela) *''[[TV Patrol Pampanga|TV Patrol Central Luzon]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-46 Pampanga) *''[[TV Patrol Ilocos]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-7 Laoag) *''[[TV Patrol North Central Luzon]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-32 Dagupan) *''[[TV Patrol Northern Luzon]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Baguio) *''[[TV Patrol Palawan]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-7 Palawan) *''[[TV Patrol Southern Tagalog]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-10 Batangas) =====Visayas===== *''[[TV Patrol Central Visayas]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Cebu) *''[[TV Patrol Tacloban|TV Patrol Eastern Visayas]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-2 Tacloban) *''[[TV Patrol Negros]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Bacolod) *''[[TV Patrol Iloilo|TV Patrol Panay]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-10 Iloilo) =====Mindanao===== *''[[TV Patrol Caraga]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-11 Butuan) *''[[TV Patrol Central Mindanao]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-5 Cotabato) *''TV Patrol Chavacano'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Zamboanga) *''[[TV Patrol Northern Mindanao]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-2 Cagayan de Oro) *''[[TV Patrol Socsksargen]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 General Santos) *''[[TV Patrol Southern Mindanao]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Davao) ====Regional news bulletins==== {{Main|TV Patrol{{!}}News Patrol#Regional editions}} *''News Patrol Central Visayas'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Cebu) *''News Patrol Davao'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Davao) *''News Patrol Kapampangan'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-46 Pampanga) ====Iba pang mga programang panrehiyon==== *''Bagong Umaga, Bagong Balita'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-32 Dagupan) **''Bagong Umaga, Sabado'' *''Maayong Buntag Kapamilya'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Cebu) **''Maayong Buntag Kapamilya Sabado'' *''Maayong Buntag Mindanao'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Davao) **''Maayong Buntag Mindanao Sabado'' *''Magandang Umaga South Central Mindanao'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 General Santos) *''Marhay na Aga Kapamilya'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-11 Naga) *''Naimbag Nga Morning Kapamilya'' (ABS-CBN TV-3 Baguio) *''Pamahaw Espesyal'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-2 Cagayan de Oro) *''Panay Sikat'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-10 Iloilo) **''Panay Sikat Sabado'' *''The Morning Show'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Bacolod) ==Tignan din== *[[ABS-CBN]] *[[ABS-CBN News Channel]] *[[ABS-CBN Sports and Action|S+A]] *[[DZMM-AM|DZMM Radyo Patrol 630 kHz AM]] *[[List of programs broadcast by ABS-CBN]] *[[List of programs broadcast by ABS-CBN Sports and Action]] *[[List of programs shown on the ABS-CBN News Channel]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panlabas na kawing== * [http://www.abs-cbn.com/ ABS-CBN Official Website] * [http://news.abs-cbn.com/ ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs Official Website] * [http://news.abs-cbn.com/anc ABS-CBN News Channel Official Website] * [http://www.dzmm.com.ph/ DZMM Official Website] * [http://news.abs-cbn.com/patrolph patrol.ph] {{ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs}} {{ABS-CBN}} [[Category:ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs| ]] [[Category:Assets owned by ABS-CBN]] 8zkxpblaqid5gkl6ej1eoetji4m91um 2210333 2210332 2026-06-04T09:32:33Z ~2026-33102-02 162592 /* Mga kasalukuyang programa sa Kapamilya Channel Regional */ re updated from CruzRamiss2002. 2210333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs | image = [[Image:ABS-CBNNCA.svg|270px|center]] | label1 = Division of | data1 = [[ABS-CBN]] | label2 = Country | data2 = [[Philippines]] | label3 = Area served | data3 = Worldwide | label4 = Key people | data4 = {{plainlist | * Ging Reyes <small>(Head, Integrated News and Current Affairs and Managing Director, ABS-CBN News Channel)</small> * Claude Vitug <small>(Head, Integrated News Operations)</small> * Dindo Amparo <small>(Head, Integrated News Gathering Group)</small> * Dondi Ocampo <small>(Head, News, Variety, Infotainment and Talk [Ecosystem 1])</small> * Marielle Gaceta-Catbagan <small>(Head, Integrated News Production Group)</small> * Chi Almario-Gonzales <small>(Head, Investigative and Research Group)</small> * Ces Oreña-Drilon <small>(Acquisition Content Head, Lifestyle Ecosystem)</small> * Lynda Jumilla <small>(Executive Editor, ABS-CBN News Digital)</small> * Nadia Trinidad <small>(Chief Operating Officer, ABS-CBN News Channel)</small> * [[Stanley Palisada]] <small>(Head, Bureaus and Regional Network Group News)</small> * Alcuin Papa <small>(Head, Global News Bureaus)</small> * Marah Faner-Capuyan <small>(Station Manager, DZMM Radyo Patrol 630)</small> }} | label5 = Headquarters | data5 = [[ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center]], Sgt. Esguerra Avenue corner Mother Ignacia Street, Diliman, [[Quezon City]], [[Philippines]] | label6 = Slogan | data6 = ''In The Service of the Filipino'' <br/> ''Malasakit sa Isa't Isa Sa Lahat ng Panahon'' | label7 = Language | data7 = {{Plainlist| * [[Filipino language|Filipino]] (main) * [[English language|English]] (secondary, used for [[ABS-CBN News Channel|ANC]] and [[ABS-CBN Sports and Action|S+A]]'s ''[[The Score (Philippine TV show)|The Score]]'') }} | label8 = Website | data8 = {{URL|http://news.abs-cbn.com}} }} Ang '''ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs''' kilala sa ere bilang '''ABS-CBN News''' (dating kilala bilang '''ABS-CBN News and Public Affairs''') ay ang news division ng Philippine media conglomerate na [[ABS-CBN]]. Ang organisasyon ay responsable para sa araw-araw na balita at impormasyon na pangangalap ng mga programa ng balita nito. Ito ay nagsisilbi sa pangunahing [[ABS-CBN]], ang Regional Network Group, ang UHF sports channel na S+A, ang cable channels na [[ABS-CBN News Channel]] at [[DZMM TeleRadyo]], ang international channel na TFC, ang flagship radio station na [[DZMM-AM|DZMM]] at ang mga regional radio networks na DYAP 765 Palawan, DYAB 1512 Cebu at DXAB 1296 Davao at ang news website na news.abs-cbn.com at patrol.ph.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caña |first=Paul John |date=5 Oktubre 2023 |title=Prime Media Holdings' Partnership with ABS-CBN Is 'Making a Mark' in the Country, Company Says |url=https://id.summitmedia.com.ph?d=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esquiremag.ph%2Fmoney%2Findustry%2Fprime-media-holdings-abs-cbn-partnership-update-a00289-20231005 |access-date=7 Mayo 2025 |website=Esquire Magazine |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=Hunyo 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bagaoisan |first=Andrew Jonathan |date=27 Marso 2025 |title=The eras and anchors of TV Patrol: A breakdown |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/nation/2025/3/26/tv-patrol-eras-anchors-breakdown-0205 |access-date=7 Mayo 2025 |website=[[ABS-CBN News]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Programa== ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa Kapamilya Channel=== {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| *''ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs Special Report'' *''[[Bandila (programa sa telebisyon)|Bandila]]'' *''Failon Ngayon'' *''Matanglawin'' *''News Patrol'' *''Pinoy True Stories'' **''Mission Possible'' **''My Puhunan'' **''Red Alert'' **''Sports U'' **''Tapatan ni Tunying'' *''Rated K'' *''Salamat Dok!'' *''S.O.C.O. (Scene of the Crime Operatives)'' *''Swak na Swak'' *''The Bottomline with Boy Abunda'' *''[[TV Patrol]]'' *''TV Patrol Weekend'' *''Umagang Kay Ganda'' }} ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa ABS-CBN News Channel=== {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| *''#BecomingFilipino: Your Travel Blog'' *''@ancalerts'' *''ANC Breaking News'' *''ANC Headlines'' *''ANC Live'' *''ANC Presents'' *''Asian Air Safari'' *''At The Table'' *''Beyond Politics with Lynda Jumilla'' *''Business Nightly'' *''Chasing Flavors'' *''CHInoy TV'' *''Cityscape'' *''Dayaw'' *''Gametime'' *''Dateline Philippines'' *''Early Edition'' *''Executive Class'' *''Future Perfect'' *''Galing Pook'' *''Graceful Living'' *''Green Living'' *''Hardball'' *''Headstart with Karen Davila'' *''Kerygma TV'' *''Local Legends'' *''LSS: The Martin Nievera Show'' *''Market Edge with Cathy Yang'' *''Modern Living TV'' *''Mukha'' *''News Now'' *''On The Money'' *''Philippine Realty TV'' *''Rev'' *''Shop Talk'' *''Show Me The Market'' *''Square Off: The Firm Debates'' *''State of the Art'' *''Talkback'' *''The Art Show'' *''The Boss'' *''The Bureau'' *''The Game Changer Philippines'' *''The Wine Show'' *''The Word Exposed'' *''[[The World Tonight]]'' *''Trending with Kelly'' *''Top Story'' }} ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa S+A=== * ''The Score'' ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa The Filipino Channel=== *''Adobo Nation'' *''Balitang America'' *''Balitang Global'' *''Citizen Pinoy'' *''Kwentong Disyerto'' ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa Kapamilya Channel Regional=== As of October 2018. ====Pambalitaang panrehiyon==== {{Main|TV Patrol#TV Patrol on ABS-CBN Regional Network Group}} =====Luzon===== *''[[TV Patrol Bicol]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-11 Naga) *''[[TV Patrol Cagayan Valley]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-2 Isabela) *''[[TV Patrol Pampanga|TV Patrol Central Luzon]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-46 Pampanga) *''[[TV Patrol Ilocos]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-7 Laoag) *''[[TV Patrol North Central Luzon]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-32 Dagupan) *''[[TV Patrol Northern Luzon]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Baguio) *''[[TV Patrol Palawan]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-7 Palawan) *''[[TV Patrol Southern Tagalog]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-10 Batangas) =====Visayas===== *''[[TV Patrol Central Visayas]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Cebu) *''[[TV Patrol Tacloban|TV Patrol Eastern Visayas]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-2 Tacloban) *''[[TV Patrol Negros]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Bacolod) *''[[TV Patrol Iloilo|TV Patrol Panay]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-10 Iloilo) =====Mindanao===== *''[[TV Patrol Caraga]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-11 Butuan) *''[[TV Patrol Central Mindanao]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-5 Cotabato) *''TV Patrol Chavacano'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Zamboanga) *''[[TV Patrol Northern Mindanao]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-2 Cagayan de Oro) *''[[TV Patrol Socsksargen]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 General Santos) *''[[TV Patrol Southern Mindanao]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Davao) ====Regional news bulletins==== {{Main|TV Patrol{{!}}News Patrol#Regional editions}} *''News Patrol Central Visayas'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Cebu) *''News Patrol Davao'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Davao) *''News Patrol Kapampangan'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-46 Pampanga) ====Iba pang mga programang panrehiyon==== *''Bagong Umaga, Bagong Balita'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-32 Dagupan) **''Bagong Umaga, Sabado'' *''Maayong Buntag Kapamilya'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Cebu) **''Maayong Buntag Kapamilya Sabado'' *''Maayong Buntag Mindanao'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Davao) **''Maayong Buntag Mindanao Sabado'' *''Magandang Umaga South Central Mindanao'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 General Santos) *''Marhay na Aga Kapamilya'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-11 Naga) *''Naimbag Nga Morning Kapamilya'' (ABS-CBN TV-3 Baguio) *''Pamahaw Espesyal'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-2 Cagayan de Oro) *''Panay Sikat'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-10 Iloilo) **''Panay Sikat Sabado'' *''The Morning Show'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Bacolod) ==Tignan din== *[[ABS-CBN]] *[[ABS-CBN News Channel]] *[[ABS-CBN Sports and Action|S+A]] *[[DZMM-AM|DZMM Radyo Patrol 630 kHz AM]] *[[List of programs broadcast by ABS-CBN]] *[[List of programs broadcast by ABS-CBN Sports and Action]] *[[List of programs shown on the ABS-CBN News Channel]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panlabas na kawing== * [http://www.abs-cbn.com/ ABS-CBN Official Website] * [http://news.abs-cbn.com/ ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs Official Website] * [http://news.abs-cbn.com/anc ABS-CBN News Channel Official Website] * [http://www.dzmm.com.ph/ DZMM Official Website] * [http://news.abs-cbn.com/patrolph patrol.ph] {{ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs}} {{ABS-CBN}} [[Category:ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs| ]] [[Category:Assets owned by ABS-CBN]] r9c3ljmdp5my1vhijw4x1rinlswhtxx 2210334 2210333 2026-06-04T09:34:05Z ~2026-33102-02 162592 /* Iba pang mga programang panrehiyon */ recategorizing hoax using AWB from CruzRamiss2002. 2210334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs | image = [[Image:ABS-CBNNCA.svg|270px|center]] | label1 = Division of | data1 = [[ABS-CBN]] | label2 = Country | data2 = [[Philippines]] | label3 = Area served | data3 = Worldwide | label4 = Key people | data4 = {{plainlist | * Ging Reyes <small>(Head, Integrated News and Current Affairs and Managing Director, ABS-CBN News Channel)</small> * Claude Vitug <small>(Head, Integrated News Operations)</small> * Dindo Amparo <small>(Head, Integrated News Gathering Group)</small> * Dondi Ocampo <small>(Head, News, Variety, Infotainment and Talk [Ecosystem 1])</small> * Marielle Gaceta-Catbagan <small>(Head, Integrated News Production Group)</small> * Chi Almario-Gonzales <small>(Head, Investigative and Research Group)</small> * Ces Oreña-Drilon <small>(Acquisition Content Head, Lifestyle Ecosystem)</small> * Lynda Jumilla <small>(Executive Editor, ABS-CBN News Digital)</small> * Nadia Trinidad <small>(Chief Operating Officer, ABS-CBN News Channel)</small> * [[Stanley Palisada]] <small>(Head, Bureaus and Regional Network Group News)</small> * Alcuin Papa <small>(Head, Global News Bureaus)</small> * Marah Faner-Capuyan <small>(Station Manager, DZMM Radyo Patrol 630)</small> }} | label5 = Headquarters | data5 = [[ABS-CBN Broadcasting Center]], Sgt. Esguerra Avenue corner Mother Ignacia Street, Diliman, [[Quezon City]], [[Philippines]] | label6 = Slogan | data6 = ''In The Service of the Filipino'' <br/> ''Malasakit sa Isa't Isa Sa Lahat ng Panahon'' | label7 = Language | data7 = {{Plainlist| * [[Filipino language|Filipino]] (main) * [[English language|English]] (secondary, used for [[ABS-CBN News Channel|ANC]] and [[ABS-CBN Sports and Action|S+A]]'s ''[[The Score (Philippine TV show)|The Score]]'') }} | label8 = Website | data8 = {{URL|http://news.abs-cbn.com}} }} Ang '''ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs''' kilala sa ere bilang '''ABS-CBN News''' (dating kilala bilang '''ABS-CBN News and Public Affairs''') ay ang news division ng Philippine media conglomerate na [[ABS-CBN]]. Ang organisasyon ay responsable para sa araw-araw na balita at impormasyon na pangangalap ng mga programa ng balita nito. Ito ay nagsisilbi sa pangunahing [[ABS-CBN]], ang Regional Network Group, ang UHF sports channel na S+A, ang cable channels na [[ABS-CBN News Channel]] at [[DZMM TeleRadyo]], ang international channel na TFC, ang flagship radio station na [[DZMM-AM|DZMM]] at ang mga regional radio networks na DYAP 765 Palawan, DYAB 1512 Cebu at DXAB 1296 Davao at ang news website na news.abs-cbn.com at patrol.ph.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caña |first=Paul John |date=5 Oktubre 2023 |title=Prime Media Holdings' Partnership with ABS-CBN Is 'Making a Mark' in the Country, Company Says |url=https://id.summitmedia.com.ph?d=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esquiremag.ph%2Fmoney%2Findustry%2Fprime-media-holdings-abs-cbn-partnership-update-a00289-20231005 |access-date=7 Mayo 2025 |website=Esquire Magazine |language=en }}{{Dead link|date=Hunyo 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bagaoisan |first=Andrew Jonathan |date=27 Marso 2025 |title=The eras and anchors of TV Patrol: A breakdown |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/nation/2025/3/26/tv-patrol-eras-anchors-breakdown-0205 |access-date=7 Mayo 2025 |website=[[ABS-CBN News]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Programa== ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa Kapamilya Channel=== {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| *''ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs Special Report'' *''[[Bandila (programa sa telebisyon)|Bandila]]'' *''Failon Ngayon'' *''Matanglawin'' *''News Patrol'' *''Pinoy True Stories'' **''Mission Possible'' **''My Puhunan'' **''Red Alert'' **''Sports U'' **''Tapatan ni Tunying'' *''Rated K'' *''Salamat Dok!'' *''S.O.C.O. (Scene of the Crime Operatives)'' *''Swak na Swak'' *''The Bottomline with Boy Abunda'' *''[[TV Patrol]]'' *''TV Patrol Weekend'' *''Umagang Kay Ganda'' }} ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa ABS-CBN News Channel=== {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| *''#BecomingFilipino: Your Travel Blog'' *''@ancalerts'' *''ANC Breaking News'' *''ANC Headlines'' *''ANC Live'' *''ANC Presents'' *''Asian Air Safari'' *''At The Table'' *''Beyond Politics with Lynda Jumilla'' *''Business Nightly'' *''Chasing Flavors'' *''CHInoy TV'' *''Cityscape'' *''Dayaw'' *''Gametime'' *''Dateline Philippines'' *''Early Edition'' *''Executive Class'' *''Future Perfect'' *''Galing Pook'' *''Graceful Living'' *''Green Living'' *''Hardball'' *''Headstart with Karen Davila'' *''Kerygma TV'' *''Local Legends'' *''LSS: The Martin Nievera Show'' *''Market Edge with Cathy Yang'' *''Modern Living TV'' *''Mukha'' *''News Now'' *''On The Money'' *''Philippine Realty TV'' *''Rev'' *''Shop Talk'' *''Show Me The Market'' *''Square Off: The Firm Debates'' *''State of the Art'' *''Talkback'' *''The Art Show'' *''The Boss'' *''The Bureau'' *''The Game Changer Philippines'' *''The Wine Show'' *''The Word Exposed'' *''[[The World Tonight]]'' *''Trending with Kelly'' *''Top Story'' }} ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa S+A=== * ''The Score'' ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa The Filipino Channel=== *''Adobo Nation'' *''Balitang America'' *''Balitang Global'' *''Citizen Pinoy'' *''Kwentong Disyerto'' ===Mga kasalukuyang programa sa Kapamilya Channel Regional=== As of October 2018. ====Pambalitaang panrehiyon==== {{Main|TV Patrol#TV Patrol on ABS-CBN Regional Network Group}} =====Luzon===== *''[[TV Patrol Bicol]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-11 Naga) *''[[TV Patrol Cagayan Valley]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-2 Isabela) *''[[TV Patrol Pampanga|TV Patrol Central Luzon]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-46 Pampanga) *''[[TV Patrol Ilocos]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-7 Laoag) *''[[TV Patrol North Central Luzon]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-32 Dagupan) *''[[TV Patrol Northern Luzon]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Baguio) *''[[TV Patrol Palawan]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-7 Palawan) *''[[TV Patrol Southern Tagalog]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-10 Batangas) =====Visayas===== *''[[TV Patrol Central Visayas]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Cebu) *''[[TV Patrol Tacloban|TV Patrol Eastern Visayas]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-2 Tacloban) *''[[TV Patrol Negros]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Bacolod) *''[[TV Patrol Iloilo|TV Patrol Panay]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-10 Iloilo) =====Mindanao===== *''[[TV Patrol Caraga]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-11 Butuan) *''[[TV Patrol Central Mindanao]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-5 Cotabato) *''TV Patrol Chavacano'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Zamboanga) *''[[TV Patrol Northern Mindanao]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-2 Cagayan de Oro) *''[[TV Patrol Socsksargen]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 General Santos) *''[[TV Patrol Southern Mindanao]]'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Davao) ====Regional news bulletins==== {{Main|TV Patrol{{!}}News Patrol#Regional editions}} *''News Patrol Central Visayas'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Cebu) *''News Patrol Davao'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Davao) *''News Patrol Kapampangan'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-46 Pampanga) ====Iba pang mga programang panrehiyon==== *''Bagong Umaga, Bagong Balita'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-32 Dagupan) **''Bagong Umaga, Sabado'' *''Maayong Buntag Kapamilya'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Cebu) **''Maayong Buntag Kapamilya Sabado'' *''Maayong Buntag Mindanao'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Davao) **''Maayong Buntag Mindanao Sabado'' *''Magandang Umaga South Central Mindanao'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 General Santos) *''Marhay na Aga Kapamilya'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-11 Naga) *''Naimbag Nga Morning Kapamilya'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-3 Baguio) *''Pamahaw Espesyal'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-2 Cagayan de Oro) *''Panay Sikat'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-10 Iloilo) **''Panay Sikat Sabado'' *''The Morning Show'' (Kapamilya Channel TV-4 Bacolod) ==Tignan din== *[[ABS-CBN]] *[[ABS-CBN News Channel]] *[[ABS-CBN Sports and Action|S+A]] *[[DZMM-AM|DZMM Radyo Patrol 630 kHz AM]] *[[List of programs broadcast by ABS-CBN]] *[[List of programs broadcast by ABS-CBN Sports and Action]] *[[List of programs shown on the ABS-CBN News Channel]] ==Mga sanggunian== {{Reflist}} ==Mga panlabas na kawing== * [http://www.abs-cbn.com/ ABS-CBN Official Website] * [http://news.abs-cbn.com/ ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs Official Website] * [http://news.abs-cbn.com/anc ABS-CBN News Channel Official Website] * [http://www.dzmm.com.ph/ DZMM Official Website] * [http://news.abs-cbn.com/patrolph patrol.ph] {{ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs}} {{ABS-CBN}} [[Category:ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs| ]] [[Category:Assets owned by ABS-CBN]] 4nybrok2zo05t0iqk8qh8m9zmv9pxvd 3 214318 2210253 2209996 2026-06-03T18:57:11Z ~2026-33233-35 162571 2210253 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mabuhay!''' Magandang araw, Scorpion prinz, at [[Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!|maligayang pagdating]] sa Wikipedia! Salamat sa iyong mga ambag. Sana ay magustuhan mo at manatili ka sa websayt na ito. Ito ay isang talaan ng mga pahina na sa tingin ko ay makatutulong sa iyo: {|align="right" |{{Pamayanan}} |} *[[Wikipedia:Patungkol|Tungkol sa Wikipedia]] *[[Wikipedia:Mga patakaran at panuntunan|Mga patakaran at panuntunan]] *[[Wikipedia:Paano baguhin ang isang pahina|Paano baguhin ang isang pahina]] *[[Wikipedia:Paano magsimula ng pahina|Paano magsimula ng pahina]] *[[Wikipedia:Mga kombensyon sa pagsusulat ng mga artikulo|Mga kombensyon sa pagsusulat ng mga artikulo]] *[[Wikipedia:Mga malimit itanong|Mga Karaniwang Tinatanong (FAQ)]] *[[Wikipedia:Tulong|Pahinang nagbibigay ng tulong]] *[[Wikipedia:Paanyayang nalilimbag|Pang-anyaya para sa iba pang ibig maging Wikipedista]] *'''For non-Tagalog speakers:''' ''you may leave messages and seek assistance at our'' [[Wikipedia:Help for Non-Tagalog Speakers]]. Sana ay malibang ka sa pagbabago ng mga artikulo at pagiging isang [[Wikipedia:Mga Wikipedista|Wikipedista]]! Maaari ninyo pong ilagda ang inyong pangalan sa pamamagitan ng paglalagay ng apat na tidles (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); ito ay automatikong maglalagay ng pangalan at petsa. Kung kailangan mo ng tulong, maaari kang pumunta sa [[Wikipedia:Konsultasyon]], tanungin mo ako sa aking pahinang pang-usapan, o ilagay ang <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Saklolo|saklolo]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> sa iyong pahinang pang-usapan at isang Wikipedista ang madaling lalabas upang sagutin ang iyong mga tanong. Huwag rin ninyo pong makalimutang [[Wikipedia:Talaang pampanauhin para sa mga bagong tagagamit|lumagda sa ating talaang pampanauhin (''guestbook'')]]. Muli, mabuhay!{{#if:|<br></br><br>{{#ifeq:|di-kilala|Kami ay totoong nagpapasalamat nang higit dahil sa iyong mga naiiambag. Ngunit mariing hinihikayat ka naming [http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin&type=signup gumawa ng isang panagutan] upang: #madali ka naming makilala at hindi mapagkamalang ibang Wikipedista. #makapili ng sariling pangalan o palayaw at lagda. #mabago mo ang mga pahinang medyong sinanggalang. #kilalanin ang mga boto. #maitago ang iyong direksyong ip, at mapanatili ang iyong paglilihim. Muli, salamat, at mariin ka pa rin naming hinihikayat na [http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin&type=signup gumawa ng isang panagutang pampatnugot] para sa kabutihan ng Wikipedia, ng sarili mo, at ng lahat.}}{{#ifeq:|bandalo|Ang iyong mga pagbabago sa mga pahina mandin ay hindi nakakabuti sa kalidad nito. Sa kabaliktaran, sinisira nito ang ganda ng mga artikulo, ang misyon ng Wikipedia, at ang wikang Tagalog.<br><br>Kami, ang Wikipedia, ay naglalayong tulungan ang buong mundo at ang wikang Tagalog sa pagpapalaganap ng malayang Tagalog na kaalaman sa buong mundo, ngunit nagmumungkang pinipigilan mo ang aming dalisay na layunin. Binabalaan ka ng pamayanan, at hinihikayat na magbago ng iyong sarili, at ng mga artikulo para sa kabutihan ng lahat. Upang makapagbigay ng malayang daan sa kaalaman sa buong mundo, sana tulungan mo kami sa aming huwad na layunin.<br><br><b><font color="#0000FF">Kung magpapatuloy pa rin ang iyong mga pagbabagong nakaaapekto sa kalidad ng mga artikulo, maaaring mapilitan kaming pigilan ka, na maaaring humantong sa pagharang sa iyo. Maaari kaming tumulong sa iyo upang maging ganap kang katanggap-tanggap na Wikipedista kung susundin mo ang aming payo. Salamat sa iyong pagdinig sa aming kahilingan.</font></b>}}{{#ifeq:|bandalo-di-kilala|Ang iyong mga pagbabago sa mga pahina mandin ay hindi nakakabuti sa kalidad nito. Sa kabaliktaran, sinisira nito ang ganda ng mga artikulo, ang misyon ng Wikipedia, at ang wikang Tagalog.<br><br>Kami, ang Wikipedia, ay naglalayong tulungan ang buong mundo at ang wikang Tagalog sa pagpapalaganap ng malayang Tagalog na kaalaman sa buong mundo, ngunit nagmumungkang pinipigilan mo ang aming dalisay na layunin. Binabalaan ka ng pamayanan, at hinihikayat na magbago ng iyong sarili, at ng mga artikulo para sa kabutihan ng lahat. Upang makapagbigay ng malayang daan sa kaalaman sa buong mundo, sana tulungan mo kami sa aming huwad na layunin. Kapagka handa ka nang tumulong sa totoong makakapagpabuting layunin ng Wikipedia, hinihikayat ka naming tumala upang [http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin&type=signup makagawa ng isang panagutan pampatnugot] upang: #madali ka naming makilala at hindi mapagkamalang ibang Wikipedista. #makapili ng sariling pangalan o palayaw at lagda. #mabago mo ang mga pahinang medyong sinanggalang. #kilalanin ang mga boto. #maitago ang iyong direksyong ip, at mapanatili ang iyong paglilihim. Muli, mariin naming hinihingi ang iyong pagtulong at pagtala sa Wikipedia.<br><br><b><font color=#0000FF>Kung magpapatuloy pa rin ang iyong mga pagbabagong nakaaapekto sa kalidad ng mga artikulo, maaaring mapilitan kaming pigilan ka, na maaaring humantong sa pagharang sa iyo. Maaari kaming tumulong sa iyo upang maging ganap kang katanggap-tanggap na Wikipedista kung susundin mo ang aming payo. Salamat sa iyong pagdinig sa aming kahilingan.</font></b>}}}} ---- <center><b><i><small> [[Image:Crystal_Clear_app_email.png|25px]] [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Ambasada]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Ambasciata]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Ambassad]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Ambassade]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Botschaft]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Embaixada]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Embajada]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Embassy]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|大使館]] </small></i></b></center> <br><br>[[Tagagamit:Aladdin Ali Baba|Tagagamit:Aladdin Ali Baba]] 08:14, 3 Abril 2013 (UTC) ::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] Hi, on italian Wiki can you please move [[it:The Game (Neja)]] as is ambiguous with [[it:The Game (singolo Neja)]]? It should be moved to [[:it:The Game (album Neja)]] and there are other titles to correct: [[:it:Washington (New Jersey)]] ambiguous with [[:it:Washington (Contea di Gloucester, New Jersey)]], [[it:Mountain View (California)]] ambiguous with [[:it:Mountain View (contea di Contra Costa, California)]] and [[it:Bellingham (Massachusetts)]] ambiguous with [[it:Bellingham (CDP, Massachusetts)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-27185-85|&#126;2026-27185-85]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-27185-85|talk]]) 14:26, 5 Mayo 2026 (UTC) :::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] there is an issue with [[it:Vivere (brano musicale)]], that should be moved to [[it:Vivere (Cesare Andrea Bixio)]], due to ambiguity with [[it:Vivere (Vasco Rossi)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-28194-77|&#126;2026-28194-77]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-28194-77|talk]]) 11:47, 10 Mayo 2026 (UTC) ::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] The title [[it:Noli me tangere (romanzo)]] is ambiguous with [[it:Noli me tangere (romanzo Camilleri)]]. Some entries also have non-standard titles, including [[it:L'abisso (Warcraft)]], [[it:Serata di gala (Wodehouse)]], [[it:Giovanni Rossi (presbitero 1785–1867)]], and [[it:Giovanni Rossi (presbitero 1887–1975)]]. Finally, [[it:Step'an Mkrtčyan]] and [[it:Styopa Mkrtchyan]] should be merged, as they refer to the same footballer. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-28859-80|&#126;2026-28859-80]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-28859-80|talk]]) 15:22, 13 Mayo 2026 (UTC) :::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] Also, when you have a chance, [[it:Zaglik]] and [[it:Braye (Alta Francia)]] should be moved to [[it:Zaglik (Martakert)]] and [[it:Braye (comune)]], respectively, as the correct titles. [[it:Luigi Martini (politico)]] should be moved to [[it:Luigi Martini (politico 1838)]], as [[it:Luigi Martini]] was also a politician. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-28971-19|&#126;2026-28971-19]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-28971-19|talk]]) 16:55, 13 Mayo 2026 (UTC) :::::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] I'd like to point out a few incorrect titles: [[it:Eric Edwards (attore)]]/[[it:Eric Edwards (attore pornografico)]]; [[it:Devil May Cry (serie animata)]]/[[it:Devil May Cry (serie animata 2025)]]/[[it:Devil May Cry (serie)]]; [[it:Noce (botanica)]]/[[it:Noce (frutto)]]; [[it:Simone di Montfort (morto nel 1187)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-30676-89|&#126;2026-30676-89]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-30676-89|talk]]) 09:49, 22 Mayo 2026 (UTC) ::::::::{{Ping|Gambo7}} Other incorrect titles: [[it:Thomas Hill (Cambridge)]] and [[it:Tug of War (Paul McCartney)]]/[[it:Tug of War (singolo)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-31471-00|&#126;2026-31471-00]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-31471-00|talk]]) 01:52, 27 Mayo 2026 (UTC) :::::::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] Other titles that require correction: [[it:Giovanni Maria Farina (1657-1732)]], [[it:Vincenzo Ricci (politico 1804-1868)]], [[it:Vincenzo Ricci (politico 1851-1912)]], [[it:Giovanni Antonio Farina (1718-1787)]], [[it:Giuseppe Ricci (militare e politico)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-31992-36|&#126;2026-31992-36]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-31992-36|talk]]) 07:40, 29 Mayo 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] Other incorrect titles: [[it:Marco Conti (politico italiano)]], [[it:Marco Conti (politico sammarinese)]], [[it:Paolo Arrigoni (1964)]], [[it:Paolo Arrigoni (1957)]], [[it:Giacomo d'Aragona (1296)]], [[it:Violante d'Aragona (1310)]], [[it:Francesco di Cossé-Brissac (1585-1651)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-32762-39|&#126;2026-32762-39]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-32762-39|talk]]) 07:24, 2 Hunyo 2026 (UTC) 2ici28juhyrrrkllqfe679wjuh4ggtt 2210254 2210253 2026-06-03T18:57:31Z ~2026-33233-35 162571 /* */ Tugon 2210254 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mabuhay!''' Magandang araw, Scorpion prinz, at [[Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!|maligayang pagdating]] sa Wikipedia! Salamat sa iyong mga ambag. Sana ay magustuhan mo at manatili ka sa websayt na ito. Ito ay isang talaan ng mga pahina na sa tingin ko ay makatutulong sa iyo: {|align="right" |{{Pamayanan}} |} *[[Wikipedia:Patungkol|Tungkol sa Wikipedia]] *[[Wikipedia:Mga patakaran at panuntunan|Mga patakaran at panuntunan]] *[[Wikipedia:Paano baguhin ang isang pahina|Paano baguhin ang isang pahina]] *[[Wikipedia:Paano magsimula ng pahina|Paano magsimula ng pahina]] *[[Wikipedia:Mga kombensyon sa pagsusulat ng mga artikulo|Mga kombensyon sa pagsusulat ng mga artikulo]] *[[Wikipedia:Mga malimit itanong|Mga Karaniwang Tinatanong (FAQ)]] *[[Wikipedia:Tulong|Pahinang nagbibigay ng tulong]] *[[Wikipedia:Paanyayang nalilimbag|Pang-anyaya para sa iba pang ibig maging Wikipedista]] *'''For non-Tagalog speakers:''' ''you may leave messages and seek assistance at our'' [[Wikipedia:Help for Non-Tagalog Speakers]]. Sana ay malibang ka sa pagbabago ng mga artikulo at pagiging isang [[Wikipedia:Mga Wikipedista|Wikipedista]]! Maaari ninyo pong ilagda ang inyong pangalan sa pamamagitan ng paglalagay ng apat na tidles (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); ito ay automatikong maglalagay ng pangalan at petsa. Kung kailangan mo ng tulong, maaari kang pumunta sa [[Wikipedia:Konsultasyon]], tanungin mo ako sa aking pahinang pang-usapan, o ilagay ang <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Saklolo|saklolo]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> sa iyong pahinang pang-usapan at isang Wikipedista ang madaling lalabas upang sagutin ang iyong mga tanong. Huwag rin ninyo pong makalimutang [[Wikipedia:Talaang pampanauhin para sa mga bagong tagagamit|lumagda sa ating talaang pampanauhin (''guestbook'')]]. Muli, mabuhay!{{#if:|<br></br><br>{{#ifeq:|di-kilala|Kami ay totoong nagpapasalamat nang higit dahil sa iyong mga naiiambag. Ngunit mariing hinihikayat ka naming [http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin&type=signup gumawa ng isang panagutan] upang: #madali ka naming makilala at hindi mapagkamalang ibang Wikipedista. #makapili ng sariling pangalan o palayaw at lagda. #mabago mo ang mga pahinang medyong sinanggalang. #kilalanin ang mga boto. #maitago ang iyong direksyong ip, at mapanatili ang iyong paglilihim. Muli, salamat, at mariin ka pa rin naming hinihikayat na [http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin&type=signup gumawa ng isang panagutang pampatnugot] para sa kabutihan ng Wikipedia, ng sarili mo, at ng lahat.}}{{#ifeq:|bandalo|Ang iyong mga pagbabago sa mga pahina mandin ay hindi nakakabuti sa kalidad nito. Sa kabaliktaran, sinisira nito ang ganda ng mga artikulo, ang misyon ng Wikipedia, at ang wikang Tagalog.<br><br>Kami, ang Wikipedia, ay naglalayong tulungan ang buong mundo at ang wikang Tagalog sa pagpapalaganap ng malayang Tagalog na kaalaman sa buong mundo, ngunit nagmumungkang pinipigilan mo ang aming dalisay na layunin. Binabalaan ka ng pamayanan, at hinihikayat na magbago ng iyong sarili, at ng mga artikulo para sa kabutihan ng lahat. Upang makapagbigay ng malayang daan sa kaalaman sa buong mundo, sana tulungan mo kami sa aming huwad na layunin.<br><br><b><font color="#0000FF">Kung magpapatuloy pa rin ang iyong mga pagbabagong nakaaapekto sa kalidad ng mga artikulo, maaaring mapilitan kaming pigilan ka, na maaaring humantong sa pagharang sa iyo. Maaari kaming tumulong sa iyo upang maging ganap kang katanggap-tanggap na Wikipedista kung susundin mo ang aming payo. Salamat sa iyong pagdinig sa aming kahilingan.</font></b>}}{{#ifeq:|bandalo-di-kilala|Ang iyong mga pagbabago sa mga pahina mandin ay hindi nakakabuti sa kalidad nito. Sa kabaliktaran, sinisira nito ang ganda ng mga artikulo, ang misyon ng Wikipedia, at ang wikang Tagalog.<br><br>Kami, ang Wikipedia, ay naglalayong tulungan ang buong mundo at ang wikang Tagalog sa pagpapalaganap ng malayang Tagalog na kaalaman sa buong mundo, ngunit nagmumungkang pinipigilan mo ang aming dalisay na layunin. Binabalaan ka ng pamayanan, at hinihikayat na magbago ng iyong sarili, at ng mga artikulo para sa kabutihan ng lahat. Upang makapagbigay ng malayang daan sa kaalaman sa buong mundo, sana tulungan mo kami sa aming huwad na layunin. Kapagka handa ka nang tumulong sa totoong makakapagpabuting layunin ng Wikipedia, hinihikayat ka naming tumala upang [http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin&type=signup makagawa ng isang panagutan pampatnugot] upang: #madali ka naming makilala at hindi mapagkamalang ibang Wikipedista. #makapili ng sariling pangalan o palayaw at lagda. #mabago mo ang mga pahinang medyong sinanggalang. #kilalanin ang mga boto. #maitago ang iyong direksyong ip, at mapanatili ang iyong paglilihim. Muli, mariin naming hinihingi ang iyong pagtulong at pagtala sa Wikipedia.<br><br><b><font color=#0000FF>Kung magpapatuloy pa rin ang iyong mga pagbabagong nakaaapekto sa kalidad ng mga artikulo, maaaring mapilitan kaming pigilan ka, na maaaring humantong sa pagharang sa iyo. Maaari kaming tumulong sa iyo upang maging ganap kang katanggap-tanggap na Wikipedista kung susundin mo ang aming payo. Salamat sa iyong pagdinig sa aming kahilingan.</font></b>}}}} ---- <center><b><i><small> [[Image:Crystal_Clear_app_email.png|25px]] [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Ambasada]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Ambasciata]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Ambassad]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Ambassade]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Botschaft]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Embaixada]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Embajada]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Embassy]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|大使館]] </small></i></b></center> <br><br>[[Tagagamit:Aladdin Ali Baba|Tagagamit:Aladdin Ali Baba]] 08:14, 3 Abril 2013 (UTC) ::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] Hi, on italian Wiki can you please move [[it:The Game (Neja)]] as is ambiguous with [[it:The Game (singolo Neja)]]? It should be moved to [[:it:The Game (album Neja)]] and there are other titles to correct: [[:it:Washington (New Jersey)]] ambiguous with [[:it:Washington (Contea di Gloucester, New Jersey)]], [[it:Mountain View (California)]] ambiguous with [[:it:Mountain View (contea di Contra Costa, California)]] and [[it:Bellingham (Massachusetts)]] ambiguous with [[it:Bellingham (CDP, Massachusetts)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-27185-85|&#126;2026-27185-85]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-27185-85|talk]]) 14:26, 5 Mayo 2026 (UTC) :::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] there is an issue with [[it:Vivere (brano musicale)]], that should be moved to [[it:Vivere (Cesare Andrea Bixio)]], due to ambiguity with [[it:Vivere (Vasco Rossi)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-28194-77|&#126;2026-28194-77]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-28194-77|talk]]) 11:47, 10 Mayo 2026 (UTC) ::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] The title [[it:Noli me tangere (romanzo)]] is ambiguous with [[it:Noli me tangere (romanzo Camilleri)]]. Some entries also have non-standard titles, including [[it:L'abisso (Warcraft)]], [[it:Serata di gala (Wodehouse)]], [[it:Giovanni Rossi (presbitero 1785–1867)]], and [[it:Giovanni Rossi (presbitero 1887–1975)]]. Finally, [[it:Step'an Mkrtčyan]] and [[it:Styopa Mkrtchyan]] should be merged, as they refer to the same footballer. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-28859-80|&#126;2026-28859-80]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-28859-80|talk]]) 15:22, 13 Mayo 2026 (UTC) :::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] Also, when you have a chance, [[it:Zaglik]] and [[it:Braye (Alta Francia)]] should be moved to [[it:Zaglik (Martakert)]] and [[it:Braye (comune)]], respectively, as the correct titles. [[it:Luigi Martini (politico)]] should be moved to [[it:Luigi Martini (politico 1838)]], as [[it:Luigi Martini]] was also a politician. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-28971-19|&#126;2026-28971-19]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-28971-19|talk]]) 16:55, 13 Mayo 2026 (UTC) :::::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] I'd like to point out a few incorrect titles: [[it:Eric Edwards (attore)]]/[[it:Eric Edwards (attore pornografico)]]; [[it:Devil May Cry (serie animata)]]/[[it:Devil May Cry (serie animata 2025)]]/[[it:Devil May Cry (serie)]]; [[it:Noce (botanica)]]/[[it:Noce (frutto)]]; [[it:Simone di Montfort (morto nel 1187)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-30676-89|&#126;2026-30676-89]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-30676-89|talk]]) 09:49, 22 Mayo 2026 (UTC) ::::::::{{Ping|Gambo7}} Other incorrect titles: [[it:Thomas Hill (Cambridge)]] and [[it:Tug of War (Paul McCartney)]]/[[it:Tug of War (singolo)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-31471-00|&#126;2026-31471-00]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-31471-00|talk]]) 01:52, 27 Mayo 2026 (UTC) :::::::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] Other titles that require correction: [[it:Giovanni Maria Farina (1657-1732)]], [[it:Vincenzo Ricci (politico 1804-1868)]], [[it:Vincenzo Ricci (politico 1851-1912)]], [[it:Giovanni Antonio Farina (1718-1787)]], [[it:Giuseppe Ricci (militare e politico)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-31992-36|&#126;2026-31992-36]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-31992-36|talk]]) 07:40, 29 Mayo 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] Other incorrect titles: [[it:Marco Conti (politico italiano)]], [[it:Marco Conti (politico sammarinese)]], [[it:Paolo Arrigoni (1964)]], [[it:Paolo Arrigoni (1957)]], [[it:Giacomo d'Aragona (1296)]], [[it:Violante d'Aragona (1310)]], [[it:Francesco di Cossé-Brissac (1585-1651)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-32762-39|&#126;2026-32762-39]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-32762-39|talk]]) 07:24, 2 Hunyo 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] Wrong titles: [[it:Nasrullah Khan (Afghanistan)]], [[it:Nasrullah Khan (Bukhara)]], and the footballers in [[it:Frank Moss]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-33233-35|&#126;2026-33233-35]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-33233-35|talk]]) 18:57, 3 Hunyo 2026 (UTC) s2ufqpmgd093ac5sd71ntf89gbgnlr6 2210265 2210254 2026-06-03T21:54:45Z ~2026-33068-01 162576 2210265 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mabuhay!''' Magandang araw, Scorpion prinz, at [[Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!|maligayang pagdating]] sa Wikipedia! Salamat sa iyong mga ambag. Sana ay magustuhan mo at manatili ka sa websayt na ito. Ito ay isang talaan ng mga pahina na sa tingin ko ay makatutulong sa iyo: {|align="right" |{{Pamayanan}} |} *[[Wikipedia:Patungkol|Tungkol sa Wikipedia]] *[[Wikipedia:Mga patakaran at panuntunan|Mga patakaran at panuntunan]] *[[Wikipedia:Paano baguhin ang isang pahina|Paano baguhin ang isang pahina]] *[[Wikipedia:Paano magsimula ng pahina|Paano magsimula ng pahina]] *[[Wikipedia:Mga kombensyon sa pagsusulat ng mga artikulo|Mga kombensyon sa pagsusulat ng mga artikulo]] *[[Wikipedia:Mga malimit itanong|Mga Karaniwang Tinatanong (FAQ)]] *[[Wikipedia:Tulong|Pahinang nagbibigay ng tulong]] *[[Wikipedia:Paanyayang nalilimbag|Pang-anyaya para sa iba pang ibig maging Wikipedista]] *'''For non-Tagalog speakers:''' ''you may leave messages and seek assistance at our'' [[Wikipedia:Help for Non-Tagalog Speakers]]. Sana ay malibang ka sa pagbabago ng mga artikulo at pagiging isang [[Wikipedia:Mga Wikipedista|Wikipedista]]! Maaari ninyo pong ilagda ang inyong pangalan sa pamamagitan ng paglalagay ng apat na tidles (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); ito ay automatikong maglalagay ng pangalan at petsa. Kung kailangan mo ng tulong, maaari kang pumunta sa [[Wikipedia:Konsultasyon]], tanungin mo ako sa aking pahinang pang-usapan, o ilagay ang <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Saklolo|saklolo]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> sa iyong pahinang pang-usapan at isang Wikipedista ang madaling lalabas upang sagutin ang iyong mga tanong. Huwag rin ninyo pong makalimutang [[Wikipedia:Talaang pampanauhin para sa mga bagong tagagamit|lumagda sa ating talaang pampanauhin (''guestbook'')]]. Muli, mabuhay!{{#if:|<br></br><br>{{#ifeq:|di-kilala|Kami ay totoong nagpapasalamat nang higit dahil sa iyong mga naiiambag. Ngunit mariing hinihikayat ka naming [http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin&type=signup gumawa ng isang panagutan] upang: #madali ka naming makilala at hindi mapagkamalang ibang Wikipedista. #makapili ng sariling pangalan o palayaw at lagda. #mabago mo ang mga pahinang medyong sinanggalang. #kilalanin ang mga boto. #maitago ang iyong direksyong ip, at mapanatili ang iyong paglilihim. Muli, salamat, at mariin ka pa rin naming hinihikayat na [http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin&type=signup gumawa ng isang panagutang pampatnugot] para sa kabutihan ng Wikipedia, ng sarili mo, at ng lahat.}}{{#ifeq:|bandalo|Ang iyong mga pagbabago sa mga pahina mandin ay hindi nakakabuti sa kalidad nito. Sa kabaliktaran, sinisira nito ang ganda ng mga artikulo, ang misyon ng Wikipedia, at ang wikang Tagalog.<br><br>Kami, ang Wikipedia, ay naglalayong tulungan ang buong mundo at ang wikang Tagalog sa pagpapalaganap ng malayang Tagalog na kaalaman sa buong mundo, ngunit nagmumungkang pinipigilan mo ang aming dalisay na layunin. Binabalaan ka ng pamayanan, at hinihikayat na magbago ng iyong sarili, at ng mga artikulo para sa kabutihan ng lahat. Upang makapagbigay ng malayang daan sa kaalaman sa buong mundo, sana tulungan mo kami sa aming huwad na layunin.<br><br><b><font color="#0000FF">Kung magpapatuloy pa rin ang iyong mga pagbabagong nakaaapekto sa kalidad ng mga artikulo, maaaring mapilitan kaming pigilan ka, na maaaring humantong sa pagharang sa iyo. Maaari kaming tumulong sa iyo upang maging ganap kang katanggap-tanggap na Wikipedista kung susundin mo ang aming payo. Salamat sa iyong pagdinig sa aming kahilingan.</font></b>}}{{#ifeq:|bandalo-di-kilala|Ang iyong mga pagbabago sa mga pahina mandin ay hindi nakakabuti sa kalidad nito. Sa kabaliktaran, sinisira nito ang ganda ng mga artikulo, ang misyon ng Wikipedia, at ang wikang Tagalog.<br><br>Kami, ang Wikipedia, ay naglalayong tulungan ang buong mundo at ang wikang Tagalog sa pagpapalaganap ng malayang Tagalog na kaalaman sa buong mundo, ngunit nagmumungkang pinipigilan mo ang aming dalisay na layunin. Binabalaan ka ng pamayanan, at hinihikayat na magbago ng iyong sarili, at ng mga artikulo para sa kabutihan ng lahat. Upang makapagbigay ng malayang daan sa kaalaman sa buong mundo, sana tulungan mo kami sa aming huwad na layunin. Kapagka handa ka nang tumulong sa totoong makakapagpabuting layunin ng Wikipedia, hinihikayat ka naming tumala upang [http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin&type=signup makagawa ng isang panagutan pampatnugot] upang: #madali ka naming makilala at hindi mapagkamalang ibang Wikipedista. #makapili ng sariling pangalan o palayaw at lagda. #mabago mo ang mga pahinang medyong sinanggalang. #kilalanin ang mga boto. #maitago ang iyong direksyong ip, at mapanatili ang iyong paglilihim. Muli, mariin naming hinihingi ang iyong pagtulong at pagtala sa Wikipedia.<br><br><b><font color=#0000FF>Kung magpapatuloy pa rin ang iyong mga pagbabagong nakaaapekto sa kalidad ng mga artikulo, maaaring mapilitan kaming pigilan ka, na maaaring humantong sa pagharang sa iyo. Maaari kaming tumulong sa iyo upang maging ganap kang katanggap-tanggap na Wikipedista kung susundin mo ang aming payo. Salamat sa iyong pagdinig sa aming kahilingan.</font></b>}}}} ---- <center><b><i><small> [[Image:Crystal_Clear_app_email.png|25px]] [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Ambasada]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Ambasciata]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Ambassad]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Ambassade]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Botschaft]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Embaixada]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Embajada]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Embassy]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|大使館]] </small></i></b></center> <br><br>[[Tagagamit:Aladdin Ali Baba|Tagagamit:Aladdin Ali Baba]] 08:14, 3 Abril 2013 (UTC) ::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] Hi, on italian Wiki can you please move [[it:The Game (Neja)]] as is ambiguous with [[it:The Game (singolo Neja)]]? It should be moved to [[:it:The Game (album Neja)]] and there are other titles to correct: [[:it:Washington (New Jersey)]] ambiguous with [[:it:Washington (Contea di Gloucester, New Jersey)]], [[it:Mountain View (California)]] ambiguous with [[:it:Mountain View (contea di Contra Costa, California)]] and [[it:Bellingham (Massachusetts)]] ambiguous with [[it:Bellingham (CDP, Massachusetts)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-27185-85|&#126;2026-27185-85]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-27185-85|talk]]) 14:26, 5 Mayo 2026 (UTC) :::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] there is an issue with [[it:Vivere (brano musicale)]], that should be moved to [[it:Vivere (Cesare Andrea Bixio)]], due to ambiguity with [[it:Vivere (Vasco Rossi)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-28194-77|&#126;2026-28194-77]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-28194-77|talk]]) 11:47, 10 Mayo 2026 (UTC) ::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] The title [[it:Noli me tangere (romanzo)]] is ambiguous with [[it:Noli me tangere (romanzo Camilleri)]]. Some entries also have non-standard titles, including [[it:L'abisso (Warcraft)]], [[it:Serata di gala (Wodehouse)]], [[it:Giovanni Rossi (presbitero 1785–1867)]], and [[it:Giovanni Rossi (presbitero 1887–1975)]]. Finally, [[it:Step'an Mkrtčyan]] and [[it:Styopa Mkrtchyan]] should be merged, as they refer to the same footballer. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-28859-80|&#126;2026-28859-80]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-28859-80|talk]]) 15:22, 13 Mayo 2026 (UTC) :::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] Also, when you have a chance, [[it:Zaglik]] and [[it:Braye (Alta Francia)]] should be moved to [[it:Zaglik (Martakert)]] and [[it:Braye (comune)]], respectively, as the correct titles. [[it:Luigi Martini (politico)]] should be moved to [[it:Luigi Martini (politico 1838)]], as [[it:Luigi Martini]] was also a politician. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-28971-19|&#126;2026-28971-19]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-28971-19|talk]]) 16:55, 13 Mayo 2026 (UTC) :::::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] I'd like to point out a few incorrect titles: [[it:Eric Edwards (attore)]]/[[it:Eric Edwards (attore pornografico)]]; [[it:Devil May Cry (serie animata)]]/[[it:Devil May Cry (serie animata 2025)]]/[[it:Devil May Cry (serie)]]; [[it:Noce (botanica)]]/[[it:Noce (frutto)]]; [[it:Simone di Montfort (morto nel 1187)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-30676-89|&#126;2026-30676-89]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-30676-89|talk]]) 09:49, 22 Mayo 2026 (UTC) ::::::::{{Ping|Gambo7}} Other incorrect titles: [[it:Thomas Hill (Cambridge)]] and [[it:Tug of War (Paul McCartney)]]/[[it:Tug of War (singolo)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-31471-00|&#126;2026-31471-00]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-31471-00|talk]]) 01:52, 27 Mayo 2026 (UTC) :::::::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] Other titles that require correction: [[it:Giovanni Maria Farina (1657-1732)]], [[it:Vincenzo Ricci (politico 1804-1868)]], [[it:Vincenzo Ricci (politico 1851-1912)]], [[it:Giovanni Antonio Farina (1718-1787)]], [[it:Giuseppe Ricci (militare e politico)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-31992-36|&#126;2026-31992-36]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-31992-36|talk]]) 07:40, 29 Mayo 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] Other incorrect titles: [[it:Marco Conti (politico italiano)]], [[it:Marco Conti (politico sammarinese)]], [[it:Paolo Arrigoni (1964)]], [[it:Paolo Arrigoni (1957)]], [[it:Giacomo d'Aragona (1296)]], [[it:Violante d'Aragona (1310)]], [[it:Francesco di Cossé-Brissac (1585-1651)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-32762-39|&#126;2026-32762-39]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-32762-39|talk]]) 07:24, 2 Hunyo 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] Wrong titles: [[it:Nasrullah Khan (Afghanistan)]], [[it:Nasrullah Khan (Bukhara)]], [[it:Pallante (Evandro)]], and the footballers in [[it:Frank Moss]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-33233-35|&#126;2026-33233-35]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-33233-35|talk]]) 18:57, 3 Hunyo 2026 (UTC) owfjbejjs6knhvtfwoergjtf8tcmvge 2210273 2210265 2026-06-03T23:00:48Z ~2026-33197-48 162578 2210273 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mabuhay!''' Magandang araw, Scorpion prinz, at [[Wikipedia:Maligayang_pagdating!|maligayang pagdating]] sa Wikipedia! Salamat sa iyong mga ambag. Sana ay magustuhan mo at manatili ka sa websayt na ito. Ito ay isang talaan ng mga pahina na sa tingin ko ay makatutulong sa iyo: {|align="right" |{{Pamayanan}} |} *[[Wikipedia:Patungkol|Tungkol sa Wikipedia]] *[[Wikipedia:Mga patakaran at panuntunan|Mga patakaran at panuntunan]] *[[Wikipedia:Paano baguhin ang isang pahina|Paano baguhin ang isang pahina]] *[[Wikipedia:Paano magsimula ng pahina|Paano magsimula ng pahina]] *[[Wikipedia:Mga kombensyon sa pagsusulat ng mga artikulo|Mga kombensyon sa pagsusulat ng mga artikulo]] *[[Wikipedia:Mga malimit itanong|Mga Karaniwang Tinatanong (FAQ)]] *[[Wikipedia:Tulong|Pahinang nagbibigay ng tulong]] *[[Wikipedia:Paanyayang nalilimbag|Pang-anyaya para sa iba pang ibig maging Wikipedista]] *'''For non-Tagalog speakers:''' ''you may leave messages and seek assistance at our'' [[Wikipedia:Help for Non-Tagalog Speakers]]. Sana ay malibang ka sa pagbabago ng mga artikulo at pagiging isang [[Wikipedia:Mga Wikipedista|Wikipedista]]! Maaari ninyo pong ilagda ang inyong pangalan sa pamamagitan ng paglalagay ng apat na tidles (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>); ito ay automatikong maglalagay ng pangalan at petsa. Kung kailangan mo ng tulong, maaari kang pumunta sa [[Wikipedia:Konsultasyon]], tanungin mo ako sa aking pahinang pang-usapan, o ilagay ang <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:Saklolo|saklolo]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code> sa iyong pahinang pang-usapan at isang Wikipedista ang madaling lalabas upang sagutin ang iyong mga tanong. Huwag rin ninyo pong makalimutang [[Wikipedia:Talaang pampanauhin para sa mga bagong tagagamit|lumagda sa ating talaang pampanauhin (''guestbook'')]]. Muli, mabuhay!{{#if:|<br></br><br>{{#ifeq:|di-kilala|Kami ay totoong nagpapasalamat nang higit dahil sa iyong mga naiiambag. Ngunit mariing hinihikayat ka naming [http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin&type=signup gumawa ng isang panagutan] upang: #madali ka naming makilala at hindi mapagkamalang ibang Wikipedista. #makapili ng sariling pangalan o palayaw at lagda. #mabago mo ang mga pahinang medyong sinanggalang. #kilalanin ang mga boto. #maitago ang iyong direksyong ip, at mapanatili ang iyong paglilihim. Muli, salamat, at mariin ka pa rin naming hinihikayat na [http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin&type=signup gumawa ng isang panagutang pampatnugot] para sa kabutihan ng Wikipedia, ng sarili mo, at ng lahat.}}{{#ifeq:|bandalo|Ang iyong mga pagbabago sa mga pahina mandin ay hindi nakakabuti sa kalidad nito. Sa kabaliktaran, sinisira nito ang ganda ng mga artikulo, ang misyon ng Wikipedia, at ang wikang Tagalog.<br><br>Kami, ang Wikipedia, ay naglalayong tulungan ang buong mundo at ang wikang Tagalog sa pagpapalaganap ng malayang Tagalog na kaalaman sa buong mundo, ngunit nagmumungkang pinipigilan mo ang aming dalisay na layunin. Binabalaan ka ng pamayanan, at hinihikayat na magbago ng iyong sarili, at ng mga artikulo para sa kabutihan ng lahat. Upang makapagbigay ng malayang daan sa kaalaman sa buong mundo, sana tulungan mo kami sa aming huwad na layunin.<br><br><b><font color="#0000FF">Kung magpapatuloy pa rin ang iyong mga pagbabagong nakaaapekto sa kalidad ng mga artikulo, maaaring mapilitan kaming pigilan ka, na maaaring humantong sa pagharang sa iyo. Maaari kaming tumulong sa iyo upang maging ganap kang katanggap-tanggap na Wikipedista kung susundin mo ang aming payo. Salamat sa iyong pagdinig sa aming kahilingan.</font></b>}}{{#ifeq:|bandalo-di-kilala|Ang iyong mga pagbabago sa mga pahina mandin ay hindi nakakabuti sa kalidad nito. Sa kabaliktaran, sinisira nito ang ganda ng mga artikulo, ang misyon ng Wikipedia, at ang wikang Tagalog.<br><br>Kami, ang Wikipedia, ay naglalayong tulungan ang buong mundo at ang wikang Tagalog sa pagpapalaganap ng malayang Tagalog na kaalaman sa buong mundo, ngunit nagmumungkang pinipigilan mo ang aming dalisay na layunin. Binabalaan ka ng pamayanan, at hinihikayat na magbago ng iyong sarili, at ng mga artikulo para sa kabutihan ng lahat. Upang makapagbigay ng malayang daan sa kaalaman sa buong mundo, sana tulungan mo kami sa aming huwad na layunin. Kapagka handa ka nang tumulong sa totoong makakapagpabuting layunin ng Wikipedia, hinihikayat ka naming tumala upang [http://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Userlogin&type=signup makagawa ng isang panagutan pampatnugot] upang: #madali ka naming makilala at hindi mapagkamalang ibang Wikipedista. #makapili ng sariling pangalan o palayaw at lagda. #mabago mo ang mga pahinang medyong sinanggalang. #kilalanin ang mga boto. #maitago ang iyong direksyong ip, at mapanatili ang iyong paglilihim. Muli, mariin naming hinihingi ang iyong pagtulong at pagtala sa Wikipedia.<br><br><b><font color=#0000FF>Kung magpapatuloy pa rin ang iyong mga pagbabagong nakaaapekto sa kalidad ng mga artikulo, maaaring mapilitan kaming pigilan ka, na maaaring humantong sa pagharang sa iyo. Maaari kaming tumulong sa iyo upang maging ganap kang katanggap-tanggap na Wikipedista kung susundin mo ang aming payo. Salamat sa iyong pagdinig sa aming kahilingan.</font></b>}}}} ---- <center><b><i><small> [[Image:Crystal_Clear_app_email.png|25px]] [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Ambasada]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Ambasciata]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Ambassad]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Ambassade]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Botschaft]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Embaixada]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Embajada]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|Embassy]] · [[Wikipedia:Embahada|大使館]] </small></i></b></center> <br><br>[[Tagagamit:Aladdin Ali Baba|Tagagamit:Aladdin Ali Baba]] 08:14, 3 Abril 2013 (UTC) ::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] Hi, on italian Wiki can you please move [[it:The Game (Neja)]] as is ambiguous with [[it:The Game (singolo Neja)]]? It should be moved to [[:it:The Game (album Neja)]] and there are other titles to correct: [[:it:Washington (New Jersey)]] ambiguous with [[:it:Washington (Contea di Gloucester, New Jersey)]], [[it:Mountain View (California)]] ambiguous with [[:it:Mountain View (contea di Contra Costa, California)]] and [[it:Bellingham (Massachusetts)]] ambiguous with [[it:Bellingham (CDP, Massachusetts)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-27185-85|&#126;2026-27185-85]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-27185-85|talk]]) 14:26, 5 Mayo 2026 (UTC) :::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] there is an issue with [[it:Vivere (brano musicale)]], that should be moved to [[it:Vivere (Cesare Andrea Bixio)]], due to ambiguity with [[it:Vivere (Vasco Rossi)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-28194-77|&#126;2026-28194-77]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-28194-77|talk]]) 11:47, 10 Mayo 2026 (UTC) ::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] The title [[it:Noli me tangere (romanzo)]] is ambiguous with [[it:Noli me tangere (romanzo Camilleri)]]. Some entries also have non-standard titles, including [[it:L'abisso (Warcraft)]], [[it:Serata di gala (Wodehouse)]], [[it:Giovanni Rossi (presbitero 1785–1867)]], and [[it:Giovanni Rossi (presbitero 1887–1975)]]. Finally, [[it:Step'an Mkrtčyan]] and [[it:Styopa Mkrtchyan]] should be merged, as they refer to the same footballer. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-28859-80|&#126;2026-28859-80]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-28859-80|talk]]) 15:22, 13 Mayo 2026 (UTC) :::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] Also, when you have a chance, [[it:Zaglik]] and [[it:Braye (Alta Francia)]] should be moved to [[it:Zaglik (Martakert)]] and [[it:Braye (comune)]], respectively, as the correct titles. [[it:Luigi Martini (politico)]] should be moved to [[it:Luigi Martini (politico 1838)]], as [[it:Luigi Martini]] was also a politician. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-28971-19|&#126;2026-28971-19]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-28971-19|talk]]) 16:55, 13 Mayo 2026 (UTC) :::::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] I'd like to point out a few incorrect titles: [[it:Eric Edwards (attore)]]/[[it:Eric Edwards (attore pornografico)]]; [[it:Devil May Cry (serie animata)]]/[[it:Devil May Cry (serie animata 2025)]]/[[it:Devil May Cry (serie)]]; [[it:Noce (botanica)]]/[[it:Noce (frutto)]]; [[it:Simone di Montfort (morto nel 1187)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-30676-89|&#126;2026-30676-89]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-30676-89|talk]]) 09:49, 22 Mayo 2026 (UTC) ::::::::{{Ping|Gambo7}} Other incorrect titles: [[it:Thomas Hill (Cambridge)]] and [[it:Tug of War (Paul McCartney)]]/[[it:Tug of War (singolo)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-31471-00|&#126;2026-31471-00]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-31471-00|talk]]) 01:52, 27 Mayo 2026 (UTC) :::::::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] Other titles that require correction: [[it:Giovanni Maria Farina (1657-1732)]], [[it:Vincenzo Ricci (politico 1804-1868)]], [[it:Vincenzo Ricci (politico 1851-1912)]], [[it:Giovanni Antonio Farina (1718-1787)]], [[it:Giuseppe Ricci (militare e politico)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-31992-36|&#126;2026-31992-36]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-31992-36|talk]]) 07:40, 29 Mayo 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] Other incorrect titles: [[it:Marco Conti (politico italiano)]], [[it:Marco Conti (politico sammarinese)]], [[it:Paolo Arrigoni (1964)]], [[it:Paolo Arrigoni (1957)]], [[it:Giacomo d'Aragona (1296)]], [[it:Violante d'Aragona (1310)]], [[it:Francesco di Cossé-Brissac (1585-1651)]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-32762-39|&#126;2026-32762-39]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-32762-39|talk]]) 07:24, 2 Hunyo 2026 (UTC) :::::::::::@[[Tagagamit:Gambo7|Gambo7]] Wrong titles: [[it:Nasrullah Khan (Afghanistan)]], [[it:Nasrullah Khan (Bukhara)]], [[it:La camera da letto (Bertolucci)]], [[it:Pallante (Evandro)]], and the footballers in [[it:Frank Moss]]. [[Natatangi:Mga ambag/&#126;2026-33233-35|&#126;2026-33233-35]] ([[Usapang tagagamit:&#126;2026-33233-35|talk]]) 18:57, 3 Hunyo 2026 (UTC) 9qacen6sa91hw8ywlhwgi82bhm0k7tj 0 228446 2210299 2012403 2026-06-04T04:27:19Z HF Active 162311 2210299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | name = Julio Iglesias | image = Julio Iglesias.jpg | image_size = | caption = Julio Iglesias | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Julio José Iglesias de la Cueva | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1943|9|23}} | death_date = | genre = [[Latin music|Latin]], [[Latin pop]], [[dance-pop]], [[Adult contemporary music|adult contemporary]] | occupation = [[Singer-songwriter]] | years_active = 1968–present | label = [[Columbia Records]] and [[Sony Music Entertainment]] | website = [http://www.julioiglesias.com/ www.julioiglesias.com] }} Si '''Julio Iglesias''' ({{IPA-es|ˈxuljo iˈɣlesjas}} ipinanganak na '''Julio José Iglesias de la Cueva'''; 23 Setyembre 1943) ay isang Espanyol na mang-aawit at manunulat ng kanta na nakapagbenta ng higit 300 milyong record sa buong mundo<ref>[http://www.julioiglesias.com/es/bio/pagina.php?cs_id_pagina=3&cs_id_contenido=60 Official website]</ref><ref>[http://www.allmusic.com/artist/julio-iglesias-mn0000102985 allmusic.com]</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Porcel|first=María|url=http://elpais.com/elpais/2011/12/16/actualidad/1324021732_850215.html|title="Este es el día más importante de mi carrera y mi último acto público"|date=2011-12-16|publisher=elpais.com|accessdate=2013-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2008/08/17/gentes/1218982297.html|title=Julio Iglesias celebra su 40 aniversario como artista con un concierto en Benidorm|date=2008-08-17|publisher=elmundo.es|accessdate=2013-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.europapress.es/cultura/musica-00129/noticia-julio-iglesias-sigue-fuerte-vivo-20090814130111.html|title=Julio Iglesias sigue "fuerte y vivo"|date=2009-08-14|publisher=europapress.es}}</ref> sa 14 wika. Siya ay naglabas ng higit 80 album at higit 2,600 na gold at platinum records certified.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://lavozuniversal.com.ar/?p=1548|title=Julio Iglesias returns to Egypt on the 26th of May, 2010|date=2010-05-07|publisher=lavozuniversal.ar|accessdate=2013-11-30|archive-date=2013-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203014337/http://lavozuniversal.com.ar/?p=1548|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=julioiglesiaslive.com |url=http://www.julioiglesiaslive.com/2012_03_01_archive.html |access-date=2014-01-24 |archive-date=2012-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723152836/http://www.julioiglesiaslive.com/2012_03_01_archive.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ayon sa [[Sony Music Entertainment]], siya ang pinakabumentang Latin music artist sa kasaysayan. ==Diskograpiya== '''Estudyo, mabuhay, remastered at kalipunan main album''' *2015: ''[[Fallaste Corazón]]'' *2011: ''[[1 (Julio Iglesias album)|1]]'' *2010: ''[[The Essential: Julio Iglesias]]'' *2010: ''[[Original album classic]]'' *2010: ''[[Nathalie-The best of Julio Iglesias]]'' *2007: ''[[Quelque Chose De France (Julio Iglesias album)|Quelque Chose De France]]'' *2006: ''[[Romantic Classics (Julio Iglesias album)|Romantic Classics]]'' (US:#41) *2006: ''[[1100 Bel Air Place (Julio Iglesias Album Remastered)|Remastered+Bonus Track]]'' *2006: ''[[Tango (Julio Iglesias Album Remastered)|Remastered]]'' (US:#81) *2005: ''[[L'homme Que Je Suis (Julio Iglesias album)|L'homme Que Je Suis]]'' *2003: ''[[Divorcio (Julio Iglesias album)|Divorcio]]'' *2001: ''[[Ao Meu Brasil]]'' *2000: ''[[Noche De Cuatro Lunas (Julio Iglesias album)|Noche De Cuatro Lunas]]'' *1998: ''[[My Life Greatest Hits]]'' *1996: ''[[Tango (Julio Iglesias album)|Tango]]'' *1995: ''[[La Carretera]]'' *1994: ''[[Crazy (Julio Iglesias album)|Crazy]]'' (US:#30) *1992: ''Calor'' (US:#186) *1990: ''[[Starry Night (Julio Iglesias album)|Starry Night]]'' (US:#37) *1989: ''[[Raíces (Julio Iglesias album)|Raíces]]'' *1988: ''Non Stop'' (US:#52) *1987: ''[[Un Hombre Solo]]'' *1987: ''[[Tutto l'amore che ti manca]]'' *1985: ''Libra'' (US.#92), (US Latin:#1) *1984: ''[[1100 Bel Air Place]]'' (US:#6) [Singles: "All Of You" US:#19, US R&B:#38, "Moonlight Lady" Adult Contemporary #17, "To All The Girls I've Loved Before" US:#5, US Country:#1] *1983: ''[[En Concierto (Julio Iglesias album)|En Concierto]]'' *1982: ''Momentos'' *1982: ''[[Momenti]]'' *1982: ''[[Et l'amour crea la femme]]'' *1981: ''[[De niña a mujer]]'' *1981: ''[[Fidèle (album)|Fidèle]]'' *1981: ''[[Minhas canções preferidas]]'' *1981: ''[[Zartlichkeiten]]'' *1980: ''[[Hey! (Julio Iglesias album)|Hey!]]'' *1980: ''Amanti'' *1980: ''[[Sentimental (Julio Iglesias album)|Sentimental]]'' *1979: ''[[A vous les femmes]]'' *1979: ''[[Innamorarsi alla mia eta]]'' *1979: ''[[Emociones (Julio Iglesias album)|Emociones]]'' *1978: ''[[Aimer La Vie]]'' *1978: ''[[As Vezes Tu, As Vezes Eu]]'' *1978: ''[[Da "Manuela" A "Pensami"]]'' *1977: ''[[A mis 33 años]]'' *1976: ''[[America (Julio Iglesias album)|America]]'' *1976: ''[[Ein Weihnachtsabend Mit Julio Iglesias]]'' *1976: ''[[En El Olympia]]'' *1975: ''[[A Mexico]]'' *1975: ''[[El Amor (Julio Iglesias album)|El Amor]]'' *1974: ''[[A Flor de Piel]]'' *1974: ''[[Viens M'embrasser]]'' *1973: ''[[Soy (Julio Iglesias album)|Soy]]'' *1972: ''[[Un Canto a Galicia]]'' *1972: ''[[Por una mujer]]'' *1969: ''[[Yo Canto (Julio Iglesias album)|Yo Canto]]'' ==sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Mga mang-aawit mula sa Espanya]] l4kmtrci7f7y5upz1xtyfn6nxdtpqam 2210300 2210299 2026-06-04T04:30:29Z HF Active 162311 2210300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | name = Julio Iglesias | image = Julio Iglesias.jpg | image_size = | caption = Julio Iglesias | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Julio José Iglesias de la Cueva | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1943|9|23}} | death_date = | genre = [[Latin music|Latin]], [[Latin pop]], [[dance-pop]], [[Adult contemporary music|adult contemporary]] | occupation = [[Singer-songwriter]] | years_active = 1968–present | label = [[Columbia Records]] and [[Sony Music Entertainment]] | website = [http://www.julioiglesias.com/ www.julioiglesias.com] }} Si '''Julio Iglesias''' ({{IPA-es|ˈxuljo iˈɣlesjas}} ipinanganak na '''Julio José Iglesias de la Cueva'''; 23 Setyembre 1943) ay isang Espanyol na mang-aawit at manunulat ng kanta na nakapagbenta ng higit 300 milyong record sa buong mundo<ref>[http://www.julioiglesias.com/es/bio/pagina.php?cs_id_pagina=3&cs_id_contenido=60 Official website]</ref><ref>[http://www.allmusic.com/artist/julio-iglesias-mn0000102985 allmusic.com]</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Porcel|first=María|url=http://elpais.com/elpais/2011/12/16/actualidad/1324021732_850215.html|title="Este es el día más importante de mi carrera y mi último acto público"|date=2011-12-16|publisher=elpais.com|accessdate=2013-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2008/08/17/gentes/1218982297.html|title=Julio Iglesias celebra su 40 aniversario como artista con un concierto en Benidorm|date=2008-08-17|publisher=elmundo.es|accessdate=2013-11-30}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.europapress.es/cultura/musica-00129/noticia-julio-iglesias-sigue-fuerte-vivo-20090814130111.html|title=Julio Iglesias sigue "fuerte y vivo"|date=2009-08-14|publisher=europapress.es}}</ref> sa 14 wika. Siya ay naglabas ng higit 80 album at higit 2,600 na gold at platinum records certified.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://lavozuniversal.com.ar/?p=1548|title=Julio Iglesias returns to Egypt on the 26th of May, 2010|date=2010-05-07|publisher=lavozuniversal.ar|accessdate=2013-11-30|archive-date=2013-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203014337/http://lavozuniversal.com.ar/?p=1548|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=julioiglesiaslive.com |url=http://www.julioiglesiaslive.com/2012_03_01_archive.html |access-date=2014-01-24 |archive-date=2012-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120723152836/http://www.julioiglesiaslive.com/2012_03_01_archive.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ayon sa [[Sony Music Entertainment]], siya ang pinakabumentang Latin music artist sa kasaysayan. ==Diskograpiya== '''Estudyo, mabuhay, remastered at kalipunan main album''' *2015: ''[[Fallaste Corazón]]'' *2011: ''[[1 (Julio Iglesias album)|1]]'' *2010: ''[[The Essential: Julio Iglesias]]'' *2010: ''[[Original album classic]]'' *2010: ''[[Nathalie-The best of Julio Iglesias]]'' *2007: ''[[Quelque Chose De France (Julio Iglesias album)|Quelque Chose De France]]'' *2006: ''[[Romantic Classics (Julio Iglesias album)|Romantic Classics]]'' (US:#41) *2006: ''[[1100 Bel Air Place (Julio Iglesias Album Remastered)|Remastered+Bonus Track]]'' *2006: ''[[Tango (Julio Iglesias Album Remastered)|Remastered]]'' (US:#81) *2005: ''[[L'homme Que Je Suis (Julio Iglesias album)|L'homme Que Je Suis]]'' *2003: ''[[Divorcio (Julio Iglesias album)|Divorcio]]'' *2001: ''[[Ao Meu Brasil]]'' *2000: ''[[Noche De Cuatro Lunas (Julio Iglesias album)|Noche De Cuatro Lunas]]'' *1998: ''[[My Life Greatest Hits]]'' *1996: ''[[Tango (Julio Iglesias album)|Tango]]'' *1995: ''[[La Carretera]]'' *1994: ''[[Crazy (Julio Iglesias album)|Crazy]]'' (US:#30) *1992: ''[[Calor]]'' (US:#186) *1990: ''[[Starry Night (Julio Iglesias album)|Starry Night]]'' (US:#37) *1989: ''[[Raíces (Julio Iglesias album)|Raíces]]'' *1988: ''[[Non Stop]]'' (US:#52) *1987: ''[[Un Hombre Solo]]'' *1987: ''[[Tutto l'amore che ti manca]]'' *1985: ''Libra'' (US.#92), (US Latin:#1) *1984: ''[[1100 Bel Air Place]]'' (US:#6) [Singles: "All Of You" US:#19, US R&B:#38, "Moonlight Lady" Adult Contemporary #17, "To All The Girls I've Loved Before" US:#5, US Country:#1] *1983: ''[[En Concierto (Julio Iglesias album)|En Concierto]]'' *1982: ''[[Momentos]]'' *1982: ''[[Momenti]]'' *1982: ''[[Et l'amour crea la femme]]'' *1981: ''[[De niña a mujer]]'' *1981: ''[[Fidèle (album)|Fidèle]]'' *1981: ''[[Minhas canções preferidas]]'' *1981: ''[[Zartlichkeiten]]'' *1980: ''[[Hey! (Julio Iglesias album)|Hey!]]'' *1980: ''[[Amanti]]'' *1980: ''[[Sentimental (Julio Iglesias album)|Sentimental]]'' *1979: ''[[A vous les femmes]]'' *1979: ''[[Innamorarsi alla mia eta]]'' *1979: ''[[Emociones (Julio Iglesias album)|Emociones]]'' *1978: ''[[Aimer La Vie]]'' *1978: ''[[As Vezes Tu, As Vezes Eu]]'' *1978: ''[[Da "Manuela" A "Pensami"]]'' *1977: ''[[A mis 33 años]]'' *1976: ''[[America (Julio Iglesias album)|America]]'' *1976: ''[[Ein Weihnachtsabend Mit Julio Iglesias]]'' *1976: ''[[En El Olympia]]'' *1975: ''[[A Mexico]]'' *1975: ''[[El Amor (Julio Iglesias album)|El Amor]]'' *1974: ''[[A Flor de Piel]]'' *1974: ''[[Viens M'embrasser]]'' *1973: ''[[Soy (Julio Iglesias album)|Soy]]'' *1972: ''[[Un Canto a Galicia]]'' *1972: ''[[Por una mujer]]'' *1969: ''[[Yo Canto (Julio Iglesias album)|Yo Canto]]'' ==sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Mga mang-aawit mula sa Espanya]] 62aww9todcpsis5x2rhzx1b7xmod97m 0 242571 2210266 1511332 2026-06-03T22:17:49Z Ollin Masa 161921 File 2210266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Cleanup-translation}} [[File:Eurovision Song Contest 1980 postcards - Paola 12.png|thumb|Paola del Medico (1980)]] <span>Si </span>'''Paola Del Medico '''(ipinanganak Noong Oktubre 5, 1950) ay Isang Swiss na Mangaawit.<div>Siya Nagatanghal Sa Eurovision Song Contest Noong 1969 at 1980. </div> Ipinanganak sa Saint-Gall, siya ay Sung karamihan sa Aleman at Pranses. Siya kinakatawan Switzerland sa Eurovision Song Contest 1969 na may mga kanta "Bonjour, Bonjour",<ref>[http://eurovisionworld.com/?eurovision=1969switzerland "Switzerland 1969 Paola del Medico"] Eurovision World.</ref> pagtatapos sa ikalimang puwesto.<ref>[http://www.eurovision.tv/page/history/year/participant-profile/?song=20392 "Paola del Medico"] Eurovision Song Contest.</ref> Noong 1980, siya kinakatawan Switzerland para sa pangalawang pagkakataon sa Eurovision Song Contest na may "Cinéma", kung saan siya natapos sa ika-apat na puwesto. == References == {{Reflist}} == External links == * [http://www.kurt-paola-felix.ch/ Official page of Paola Del Medico and Kurt Felix.] (in [[Wikang Aleman|German]].) {{BD|1950||Medico, Paola Del}} {{Uncategorized|date=Marso 2016}} mfsz6s4646mcexrp9lwahium6pg3cn9 0 243894 2210238 2135213 2026-06-03T17:10:51Z Pusoko 162567 Created by translating the section "History" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356212681|FamilyMart]]" 2210238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = FamilyMart Co., Ltd. | logo = FamilyMart Logo (2016-).svg | logo_size = 200px | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | logo_padding = | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | native_name = 株式会社ファミリーマート | native_name_lang = ja | romanized_name = Kabushiki-gaisha Famirīmāto | type = [[Public company|Publiko]] [[Kabushiki gaisha|KK]] | traded_as = {{tyo|8028}} | ISIN = | industry = [[Tindahang pangkaginhawaan]] (''convenience store'') | founded = {{start date|1973|9}} in [[Sayama, Saitama|Sayama]], [[Japan]]<br />(incorporated {{start date|1981|9|1}}) | founder = [[Seiyu Group]] | hq_location = [[Toshima, Tokyo|Toshima]] | hq_location_city = [[Tokyo]] | hq_location_country = [[Hapon]] | num_locations = 17,065<ref>Kabilang ang mga prangkisa at mga tindahang nasa ibayong-dagat. {{cite web|title=地域別店舗数 （2015年4月30日現在）|url=http://www.family.co.jp/company/familymart/store.html|publisher=FamilyMart|accessdate=9 June 2015}}</ref> | num_locations_year = 2015 | areas_served = [[Hapon]]<br />[[Taiwan]]<br />[[Tsina]]<br />[[Pilipinas]]<br />[[Thailand|Tailanda]]<br />[[Vietnam|Byetnam]]<br />[[Indonesia]] | key_people = Isamu Nakayama (pangulo) | revenue = [[Japanese yen|JPY]] 374.4 bn<ref>Corporate revenue; total chain revenue ay JPY 1,860 bn.</ref> | revenue_year = 2014 | operating_income = JPY 40.4 bn | income_year = 2014 | net_income = JPY 25.6 bn | net_income_year = 2014 | assets = JPY 666.2 bn | assets_year = 2015 | equity = JPY 284.8 bn | equity_year = 2015 | num_employees = 3,896<ref>Di-kasama ang empleyadong nasa tindahang prinangkisa.</ref> | num_employees_year = 2015 | parent = [[Itochu]] (35.84%)<ref>{{cite web|title=株式の状況|url=http://www.family.co.jp/company/investor_relations/stock/abstract.html|publisher=FamilyMart|accessdate=9 June 2015|archive-date=20 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160720114947/http://www.family.co.jp/company/investor_relations/stock/abstract.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | divisions = | subsid = [[Famima!!]] | website = {{URL|www.family.co.jp}} }} Ang {{nihongo|'''FamilyMart'''|ファミリーマート|Famirīmāto}} ay isang prangkisang [[tindahang pangkaginhawaan]] (''convenience store'') na pangtanikala, na unang nagbukas sa [[Hapon]] noong 1981. Ang FamilyMart ang ikatlong pinakamalaking tindahang pangkaginhawaang pangtanikala sa Hapon, pagkatapos ng [[7-Eleven]] at [[Lawson (tindahan)|Lawson]], at dating naging pinakamalaking tindahang pangtanikala sa Timog (na nakapangalan nang CU). Pagmamay-ari at pinangangasiwaan ang FamilyMart ng FamilyMart Company, Limited. == Kasaysayan == [[Talaksan:FamilyMart_Somanikkeshi_Shop.jpg|thumb|Tindahan ng FamilyMart sa Sōma, Fukushima, Japan]] Ang unang FamilyMart ay nagbukas sa [[Sayama, Saitama|Sayama]], [[Prepektura ng Saitama|Saitama Prefecture]], noong 1973. Noong 2002, nakalista ito bilang isang kumpanya sa Taiwan. <ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=About FamilyMart - Corporate Profile |url=https://www.family.com.tw/Marketing/en |access-date=October 31, 2025 |publisher=www.family.com.tw}}</ref> Noong Enero 2018, may 24,243 tindahan sa buong mundo; 17,409 na tindahan sa Hapon, 3,165 sa Taiwan, 2,177 tindahan sa Tsina, 1,138 tindahan sa Thailand, 277 stores sa Malaysia, 165 tindahan sa Vietnam, 87 tindahan sa Indonesia, at 66 na tindahan sa Pilipinas. Ang FamilyMart ay nasa ilalim ng FamilyMart UNY Holdings Co., Ltd. (UFHD), may-ari rin ng supermarket chain [[:en:UNY|UNY]], hanggang 2020. Noong 2020, naglaho ang UFHD noong kinuha ang UNY ng inang kumpanya ng [[Don Quijote (tindahan)|Don Quijote]]. Ang inang kumpanya ni FamilyMart Co. ay Itochu, isang Hapones na kumpanyang pangkalakalan, na may bahaging 50.1%. Noong Hulyo 8, 2020, inihayag ng Itochu na gagastos sila ng humigit-kumulang ¥580 bilyon (humigit-kumulang US$5.5 bilyon) upang bilhin ang buong FamilyMart, na may layunin upang ibenta ng 4.9% ng mga bahagi sa [[:en:Zen-Noh|Zen-Noh]] at [[:en:Norinchukin_Bank|Norinchukin Bank]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2020 |title=Itochu to Fully Own FamilyMart |url=https://www.nippon.com/en/news/yjj2020070800870/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129221229/https://www.nippon.com/en/news/yjj2020070800870/ |archive-date=29 November 2022 |access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> Tinanggap ng shareholders ang pagkuha noong Oktubre 26, at natanggal ang lista noong Nobyembre 12, kaya tinuloy ang pagtapos ng pagkuha.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kyodo News |date=26 October 2020 |title=FamilyMart shareholders OK Itochu taking convenience store private |url=https://japantoday.com/category/business/familymart-shareholders-ok-itochu-taking-convenience-store-private |access-date=26 October 2020 |website=Japan Today |language=en}}</ref> === Mga operasyong internasyonal === ==== Kalupaang Tsina ==== [[Talaksan:FamilyMart_in_Nanfaxin_(20170512132150).jpg|thumb|Isang tindahan ng FamilyMart sa Beijing, Tsina]] Binuksan ng FamilyMart ang kanilang unang tindahan sa Shanghai, Tsina, noong 2004. Mula roon, lumawak ang chain sa Guangzhou, Suzhou, at Hangzhou. Ang iba pang tindahan ay nasa Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Wuxi, Beijing, at Dongguan. Noong Disyembre 2020, may 2,967 tindahang FamilyMart sa Kalupaang Tsina.<ref>{{Cite web |title=全家Family Mart—开心尝鲜在全家-门店查询 |url=http://www.familymart.com.cn/store |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518113245/http://www.familymart.com.cn/store |archive-date=2019-05-18 |access-date=2019-05-18 |website=www.familymart.com.cn}}</ref> ==== Indonesiya ==== [[Talaksan:FamilyMart_Yoshinoya_Jl_Bulungan_Jakarta_Selatan.JPG|right|thumb|Isang FamilyMart store (kaliwa) sa South Jakarta, [[Jakarta]]]] Noong 2012, plinano ng FamilyMart para magbukas ng 300 na tindahan sa kada bansa ng timog-silangang Asya. Pumasok sila sa Indonesia nang opisiyal noong 2012 sa pamamagitan ng joint venture na kasama ang PT Fajar Mitrah Indah, isang kumpanya na nasa ilalim ng Wings Group, isang malaking kumpanyang Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Fruitnet com |title=Family Mart enters Indonesia |url=https://www.fruitnet.com/asiafruit/family-mart-enters-indonesia/15796.article |website=Fruitnet}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Profil FamilyMart, Perusahaan Retail Asal Jepang yang tengah Gencar Ekspansi |url=https://swa.co.id/read/423560/profil-familymart-perusahaan-retail-asal-jepang-yang-tengah-gencar-ekspansi |website=swa.co.id}}</ref> Ang unang FamilyMart na tindahan sa Indonesia ay nagbukas noong Oktubre 16, 2012 sa Cibubur, sumunod ang pangalawang outlet sa Jalan Bulungan, Timog Jakarta noong Nobyembre 17 2012. Naglunsad ang karagdagang tindahan sa Pejaten (Timog Jakarta), Kelapa Gading (Himog Jakarta), at Thamrin Residence Apartment (Sentral na Jakarta).<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=Profil FamilyMart, Perusahaan Retail Asal Jepang yang tengah Gencar Ekspansi |url=https://swa.co.id/read/423560/profil-familymart-perusahaan-retail-asal-jepang-yang-tengah-gencar-ekspansi |website=swa.co.id}}</ref> Inilunsad ang FamilyMart sa Pilipinas noong Abril 7, 2013<ref>{{cite web |date=April 5, 2013 |title=FamilyMart to open store in the Philippines, FamilyMart Glorietta3 outlet ready to welcome its first customers |url=http://www.family.co.jp/english/news_releases/130416.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507081819/http://www.family.co.jp/english/news_releases/130416.html |archive-date=May 7, 2013 |access-date=April 26, 2013 |work=FamilyMart}}</ref> sa ilalim ng pagmamay-ari ng Ayala Corporation, Rustan's Group, at Itochu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayala Land, Rustan's to bring in FamilyMart to challenge 7-Eleven, MiniStop |url=http://www.interaksyon.com/business/47309/ayala-land-rustans-to-bring-in-familymart-to-challenge-7-eleven-ministop |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110174017/http://www.interaksyon.com/business/47309/ayala-land-rustans-to-bring-in-familymart-to-challenge-7-eleven-ministop |archive-date=2012-11-10 |access-date=November 7, 2012}}</ref><ref>[http://www.interaksyon.com/business/49722/japans-family-mart-firms-up-philippine-investment Japan's FamilyMart firms up Philippine investment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208035646/http://www.interaksyon.com/business/49722/japans-family-mart-firms-up-philippine-investment|date=December 8, 2012}} ([[News5]])</ref><ref>[http://www.family.co.jp/topics/2012/121105_8.html ファミリーマート、伊藤忠商事、AyalaグループとRustanグループの合弁会社"SIAL"の3社がフィリピンにおけるファミリーマートの展開で合弁契約を締結 (FamilyMart, Itochu, Ayala-Rustan's JV company "SIAL" join forces to launch FamilyMart in the Philippines)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108135908/http://www.family.co.jp/topics/2012/121105_8.html|date=November 8, 2012}} (FamilyMart)</ref> Ang Philippine FamilyMart CVS Inc. ay ang opisyal na Pilipinong franchisee ng FamilyMart. Ang unang Pilipinong branch, nagbukas noong Abril 22, 2013, ay matatagpuan sa loob ng Glorietta 3 mall sa Makati. Noong 2017, kinuha ang prangkisa mula sa tatluhang pamunuan Phoenix Petroleum Philippines, Inc., isang yunit ng konglomerateng base sa Davao Udenna Corporation; nakumpleto noong 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dumlao-Abadilla |first=Doris |date=October 30, 2017 |title=Dennis Uy buys FamilyMart PH |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |url=https://business.inquirer.net/239559/dennis-uy-buys-familymart-ph |accessdate=March 20, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=January 11, 2018 |title=Phoenix Petroleum completes acquisition of Philippine Family Mart |website=Phoenix Petroleum |url=https://www.phoenixfuels.ph/phoenix-petroleum-completes-acquisition-of-philippine-family-mart/ |accessdate=March 20, 2022}}</ref> May higit pang 65 tindahan sa Pilipinas, kasama ang itinayo sa napiling stasyon ng Phoenix Petroleum. Noong Nobyembre 21, 2019, nagbukas ang FamilyMart ng kaniyang pinakamalaking tindahan sa buong mundo, na may lawak na 3019 square meters (4,200 sq ft), sa Udenna Tower sa Bonifacio Global City, Taguig.<ref>{{cite news |date=October 8, 2019 |title=World's largest FamilyMart to open in Manila |publisher=Inside Retail Asia |url=https://insideretail.asia/2019/10/08/worlds-largest-familymart-to-open-in-manila/#:~:text=The%20world's%20largest%20FamilyMart%20is,counter%20as%20the%20store's%20centrepiece. |accessdate=August 9, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Doctor |first=Abraham |date=November 21, 2019 |title=LOOK: THE WORLD'S BIGGEST FAMILYMART IS NOW SERVING AT BGC! |website=Udenna Group |url=https://www.udenna.ph/news/look-the-worlds-biggest-familymart-is-now-serving-at-bgc |accessdate=August 9, 2022}}</ref> ==Sanggunian== {{reflist}} ==Kawing panlabas== {{commons category|FamilyMart}} * [http://www.family.co.jp/english/ Official website] {{Usbong}} [[Kategorya:Tindahan]] gpnmo16iauh9pawcfrkxg7jio1r1cxq 2210239 2210238 2026-06-03T17:11:07Z Pusoko 162567 Created by translating the section "History" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356212681|FamilyMart]]" 2210239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = FamilyMart Co., Ltd. | logo = FamilyMart Logo (2016-).svg | logo_size = 200px | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | logo_padding = | image = | image_size = | image_alt = | image_caption = | native_name = 株式会社ファミリーマート | native_name_lang = ja | romanized_name = Kabushiki-gaisha Famirīmāto | type = [[Public company|Publiko]] [[Kabushiki gaisha|KK]] | traded_as = {{tyo|8028}} | ISIN = | industry = [[Tindahang pangkaginhawaan]] (''convenience store'') | founded = {{start date|1973|9}} in [[Sayama, Saitama|Sayama]], [[Japan]]<br />(incorporated {{start date|1981|9|1}}) | founder = [[Seiyu Group]] | hq_location = [[Toshima, Tokyo|Toshima]] | hq_location_city = [[Tokyo]] | hq_location_country = [[Hapon]] | num_locations = 17,065<ref>Kabilang ang mga prangkisa at mga tindahang nasa ibayong-dagat. {{cite web|title=地域別店舗数 （2015年4月30日現在）|url=http://www.family.co.jp/company/familymart/store.html|publisher=FamilyMart|accessdate=9 June 2015}}</ref> | num_locations_year = 2015 | areas_served = [[Hapon]]<br />[[Taiwan]]<br />[[Tsina]]<br />[[Pilipinas]]<br />[[Thailand|Tailanda]]<br />[[Vietnam|Byetnam]]<br />[[Indonesia]] | key_people = Isamu Nakayama (pangulo) | revenue = [[Japanese yen|JPY]] 374.4 bn<ref>Corporate revenue; total chain revenue ay JPY 1,860 bn.</ref> | revenue_year = 2014 | operating_income = JPY 40.4 bn | income_year = 2014 | net_income = JPY 25.6 bn | net_income_year = 2014 | assets = JPY 666.2 bn | assets_year = 2015 | equity = JPY 284.8 bn | equity_year = 2015 | num_employees = 3,896<ref>Di-kasama ang empleyadong nasa tindahang prinangkisa.</ref> | num_employees_year = 2015 | parent = [[Itochu]] (35.84%)<ref>{{cite web|title=株式の状況|url=http://www.family.co.jp/company/investor_relations/stock/abstract.html|publisher=FamilyMart|accessdate=9 June 2015|archive-date=20 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160720114947/http://www.family.co.jp/company/investor_relations/stock/abstract.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> | divisions = | subsid = [[Famima!!]] | website = {{URL|www.family.co.jp}} }} Ang {{nihongo|'''FamilyMart'''|ファミリーマート|Famirīmāto}} ay isang prangkisang [[tindahang pangkaginhawaan]] (''convenience store'') na pangtanikala, na unang nagbukas sa [[Hapon]] noong 1981. Ang FamilyMart ang ikatlong pinakamalaking tindahang pangkaginhawaang pangtanikala sa Hapon, pagkatapos ng [[7-Eleven]] at [[Lawson (tindahan)|Lawson]], at dating naging pinakamalaking tindahang pangtanikala sa Timog (na nakapangalan nang CU). Pagmamay-ari at pinangangasiwaan ang FamilyMart ng FamilyMart Company, Limited. == Kasaysayan == [[Talaksan:FamilyMart_Somanikkeshi_Shop.jpg|thumb|Tindahan ng FamilyMart sa Sōma, Fukushima, Japan]] Ang unang FamilyMart ay nagbukas sa [[Sayama, Saitama|Sayama]], [[Prepektura ng Saitama|Saitama Prefecture]], noong 1973. Noong 2002, nakalista ito bilang isang kumpanya sa Taiwan. <ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=About FamilyMart - Corporate Profile |url=https://www.family.com.tw/Marketing/en |access-date=October 31, 2025 |publisher=www.family.com.tw}}</ref> Noong Enero 2018, may 24,243 tindahan sa buong mundo; 17,409 na tindahan sa Hapon, 3,165 sa Taiwan, 2,177 tindahan sa Tsina, 1,138 tindahan sa Thailand, 277 stores sa Malaysia, 165 tindahan sa Vietnam, 87 tindahan sa Indonesia, at 66 na tindahan sa Pilipinas. Ang FamilyMart ay nasa ilalim ng FamilyMart UNY Holdings Co., Ltd. (UFHD), may-ari rin ng supermarket chain [[:en:UNY|UNY]], hanggang 2020. Noong 2020, naglaho ang UFHD noong kinuha ang UNY ng inang kumpanya ng [[Don Quijote (tindahan)|Don Quijote]]. Ang inang kumpanya ni FamilyMart Co. ay Itochu, isang Hapones na kumpanyang pangkalakalan, na may bahaging 50.1%. Noong Hulyo 8, 2020, inihayag ng Itochu na gagastos sila ng humigit-kumulang ¥580 bilyon (humigit-kumulang US$5.5 bilyon) upang bilhin ang buong FamilyMart, na may layunin upang ibenta ng 4.9% ng mga bahagi sa [[:en:Zen-Noh|Zen-Noh]] at [[:en:Norinchukin_Bank|Norinchukin Bank]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2020 |title=Itochu to Fully Own FamilyMart |url=https://www.nippon.com/en/news/yjj2020070800870/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129221229/https://www.nippon.com/en/news/yjj2020070800870/ |archive-date=29 November 2022 |access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> Tinanggap ng shareholders ang pagkuha noong Oktubre 26, at natanggal ang lista noong Nobyembre 12, kaya tinuloy ang pagtapos ng pagkuha.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kyodo News |date=26 October 2020 |title=FamilyMart shareholders OK Itochu taking convenience store private |url=https://japantoday.com/category/business/familymart-shareholders-ok-itochu-taking-convenience-store-private |access-date=26 October 2020 |website=Japan Today |language=en}}</ref> == Kasaysayan == [[Talaksan:FamilyMart_Somanikkeshi_Shop.jpg|thumb|Tindahan ng FamilyMart sa Sōma, Fukushima, Japan]] Ang unang FamilyMart ay nagbukas sa [[Sayama, Saitama|Sayama]], [[Prepektura ng Saitama|Saitama Prefecture]], noong 1973. Noong 2002, nakalista ito bilang isang kumpanya sa Taiwan. <ref>{{cite web |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=About FamilyMart - Corporate Profile |url=https://www.family.com.tw/Marketing/en |access-date=October 31, 2025 |publisher=www.family.com.tw}}</ref> Noong Oktubre 2013, binuksan ng FamilyMart ang ika-10,000 nitong tindahan sa Japan. <ref name="FamilyMart joins 10,000">{{Cite web |date=16 October 2013 |title=FamilyMart joins 10,000 outlets in Japan club |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/10/16/business/familymart-joins-10000-outlets-in-japan-club/#.UmH4Kr-lf-k |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019142731/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2013/10/16/business/familymart-joins-10000-outlets-in-japan-club/#.UmKW2i-l1-U |archive-date=19 October 2013 |access-date=19 October 2013 |website=[[The Japan Times]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2013 |title=FamilyMart stores top 10,000 in Japan |url=http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0000725339 |access-date=19 October 2013 |website=[[The Japan News]]}}</ref> Patuloy na lumalawak ang mga operasyon sa ilang bahagi ng Asya, lalo na sa Tsina. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Topham |first=James |date=November 25, 2010 |title=FamilyMart to stay in US, China pace picks up, Reuters UK, November 25, 2010 |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTOE6AO05U20101125 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303213337/http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTOE6AO05U20101125 |archive-date=March 3, 2016}}</ref> Nagpatakbo rin ang FamilyMart ng mga tindahan sa South Korea mula 1990 hanggang 2014, nang ibenta ng FamilyMart ang stake nito sa BGF Retail at ihiwalay ang mga ito sa South Korea. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FamilyMart calling it quits in South Korea |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/FamilyMart-calling-it-quits-in-South-Korea |access-date=2021-11-11 |website=Nikkei Asia |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=2014-04-03 |title=Japan's FamilyMart to sell BGF stake, exit South Korea |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bgf-ipo-idUSBREA3200G20140403 |access-date=2021-11-11}}</ref> Noong Enero 2018, may 24,243 tindahan sa buong mundo; 17,409 na tindahan sa Hapon, 3,165 sa Taiwan, 2,177 tindahan sa Tsina, 1,138 tindahan sa Thailand, 277 stores sa Malaysia, 165 tindahan sa Vietnam, 87 tindahan sa Indonesia, at 66 na tindahan sa Pilipinas. Ang FamilyMart ay nasa ilalim ng FamilyMart UNY Holdings Co., Ltd. (UFHD), may-ari rin ng supermarket chain [[:en:UNY|UNY]], hanggang 2020. Noong 2020, naglaho ang UFHD noong kinuha ang UNY ng inang kumpanya ng [[Don Quijote (tindahan)|Don Quijote]]. Ang inang kumpanya ni FamilyMart Co. ay Itochu, isang Hapones na kumpanyang pangkalakalan, na may bahaging 50.1%. Noong Hulyo 8, 2020, inihayag ng Itochu na gagastos sila ng humigit-kumulang ¥580 bilyon (humigit-kumulang US$5.5 bilyon) upang bilhin ang buong FamilyMart, na may layunin upang ibenta ng 4.9% ng mga bahagi sa [[:en:Zen-Noh|Zen-Noh]] at [[:en:Norinchukin_Bank|Norinchukin Bank]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2020 |title=Itochu to Fully Own FamilyMart |url=https://www.nippon.com/en/news/yjj2020070800870/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129221229/https://www.nippon.com/en/news/yjj2020070800870/ |archive-date=29 November 2022 |access-date=28 September 2020}}</ref> Tinanggap ng shareholders ang pagkuha noong Oktubre 26, at natanggal ang lista noong Nobyembre 12, kaya tinuloy ang pagtapos ng pagkuha.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kyodo News |date=26 October 2020 |title=FamilyMart shareholders OK Itochu taking convenience store private |url=https://japantoday.com/category/business/familymart-shareholders-ok-itochu-taking-convenience-store-private |access-date=26 October 2020 |website=Japan Today |language=en}}</ref> === Mga operasyong internasyonal === ==== Kalupaang Tsina ==== [[Talaksan:FamilyMart_in_Nanfaxin_(20170512132150).jpg|thumb|Isang tindahan ng FamilyMart sa Beijing, Tsina]] Binuksan ng FamilyMart ang kanilang unang tindahan sa Shanghai, Tsina, noong 2004. Mula roon, lumawak ang chain sa Guangzhou, Suzhou, at Hangzhou. Ang iba pang tindahan ay nasa Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Wuxi, Beijing, at Dongguan. Noong Disyembre 2020, may 2,967 tindahang FamilyMart sa Kalupaang Tsina.<ref>{{Cite web |title=全家Family Mart—开心尝鲜在全家-门店查询 |url=http://www.familymart.com.cn/store |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518113245/http://www.familymart.com.cn/store |archive-date=2019-05-18 |access-date=2019-05-18 |website=www.familymart.com.cn}}</ref> ==== Indonesiya ==== [[Talaksan:FamilyMart_Yoshinoya_Jl_Bulungan_Jakarta_Selatan.JPG|right|thumb|Isang FamilyMart store (kaliwa) sa South Jakarta, [[Jakarta]]]] Noong 2012, plinano ng FamilyMart para magbukas ng 300 na tindahan sa kada bansa ng timog-silangang Asya. Pumasok sila sa Indonesia nang opisiyal noong 2012 sa pamamagitan ng joint venture na kasama ang PT Fajar Mitrah Indah, isang kumpanya na nasa ilalim ng Wings Group, isang malaking kumpanyang Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Fruitnet com |title=Family Mart enters Indonesia |url=https://www.fruitnet.com/asiafruit/family-mart-enters-indonesia/15796.article |website=Fruitnet}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Profil FamilyMart, Perusahaan Retail Asal Jepang yang tengah Gencar Ekspansi |url=https://swa.co.id/read/423560/profil-familymart-perusahaan-retail-asal-jepang-yang-tengah-gencar-ekspansi |website=swa.co.id}}</ref> Ang unang FamilyMart na tindahan sa Indonesia ay nagbukas noong Oktubre 16, 2012 sa Cibubur, sumunod ang pangalawang outlet sa Jalan Bulungan, Timog Jakarta noong Nobyembre 17 2012. Naglunsad ang karagdagang tindahan sa Pejaten (Timog Jakarta), Kelapa Gading (Himog Jakarta), at Thamrin Residence Apartment (Sentral na Jakarta).<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=Profil FamilyMart, Perusahaan Retail Asal Jepang yang tengah Gencar Ekspansi |url=https://swa.co.id/read/423560/profil-familymart-perusahaan-retail-asal-jepang-yang-tengah-gencar-ekspansi |website=swa.co.id}}</ref> Inilunsad ang FamilyMart sa Pilipinas noong Abril 7, 2013<ref>{{cite web |date=April 5, 2013 |title=FamilyMart to open store in the Philippines, FamilyMart Glorietta3 outlet ready to welcome its first customers |url=http://www.family.co.jp/english/news_releases/130416.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507081819/http://www.family.co.jp/english/news_releases/130416.html |archive-date=May 7, 2013 |access-date=April 26, 2013 |work=FamilyMart}}</ref> sa ilalim ng pagmamay-ari ng Ayala Corporation, Rustan's Group, at Itochu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayala Land, Rustan's to bring in FamilyMart to challenge 7-Eleven, MiniStop |url=http://www.interaksyon.com/business/47309/ayala-land-rustans-to-bring-in-familymart-to-challenge-7-eleven-ministop |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110174017/http://www.interaksyon.com/business/47309/ayala-land-rustans-to-bring-in-familymart-to-challenge-7-eleven-ministop |archive-date=2012-11-10 |access-date=November 7, 2012}}</ref><ref>[http://www.interaksyon.com/business/49722/japans-family-mart-firms-up-philippine-investment Japan's FamilyMart firms up Philippine investment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208035646/http://www.interaksyon.com/business/49722/japans-family-mart-firms-up-philippine-investment|date=December 8, 2012}} ([[News5]])</ref><ref>[http://www.family.co.jp/topics/2012/121105_8.html ファミリーマート、伊藤忠商事、AyalaグループとRustanグループの合弁会社"SIAL"の3社がフィリピンにおけるファミリーマートの展開で合弁契約を締結 (FamilyMart, Itochu, Ayala-Rustan's JV company "SIAL" join forces to launch FamilyMart in the Philippines)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108135908/http://www.family.co.jp/topics/2012/121105_8.html|date=November 8, 2012}} (FamilyMart)</ref> Ang Philippine FamilyMart CVS Inc. ay ang opisyal na Pilipinong franchisee ng FamilyMart. Ang unang Pilipinong branch, nagbukas noong Abril 22, 2013, ay matatagpuan sa loob ng Glorietta 3 mall sa Makati. Noong 2017, kinuha ang prangkisa mula sa tatluhang pamunuan Phoenix Petroleum Philippines, Inc., isang yunit ng konglomerateng base sa Davao Udenna Corporation; nakumpleto noong 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dumlao-Abadilla |first=Doris |date=October 30, 2017 |title=Dennis Uy buys FamilyMart PH |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |url=https://business.inquirer.net/239559/dennis-uy-buys-familymart-ph |accessdate=March 20, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=January 11, 2018 |title=Phoenix Petroleum completes acquisition of Philippine Family Mart |website=Phoenix Petroleum |url=https://www.phoenixfuels.ph/phoenix-petroleum-completes-acquisition-of-philippine-family-mart/ |accessdate=March 20, 2022}}</ref> May higit pang 65 tindahan sa Pilipinas, kasama ang itinayo sa napiling stasyon ng Phoenix Petroleum. Noong Nobyembre 21, 2019, nagbukas ang FamilyMart ng kaniyang pinakamalaking tindahan sa buong mundo, na may lawak na 3019 square meters (4,200 sq ft), sa Udenna Tower sa Bonifacio Global City, Taguig.<ref>{{cite news |date=October 8, 2019 |title=World's largest FamilyMart to open in Manila |publisher=Inside Retail Asia |url=https://insideretail.asia/2019/10/08/worlds-largest-familymart-to-open-in-manila/#:~:text=The%20world's%20largest%20FamilyMart%20is,counter%20as%20the%20store's%20centrepiece. |accessdate=August 9, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Doctor |first=Abraham |date=November 21, 2019 |title=LOOK: THE WORLD'S BIGGEST FAMILYMART IS NOW SERVING AT BGC! |website=Udenna Group |url=https://www.udenna.ph/news/look-the-worlds-biggest-familymart-is-now-serving-at-bgc |accessdate=August 9, 2022}}</ref> === Mga operasyong internasyonal === ==== Kalupaang Tsina ==== [[Talaksan:FamilyMart_in_Nanfaxin_(20170512132150).jpg|thumb|Isang tindahan ng FamilyMart sa Beijing, Tsina]] Binuksan ng FamilyMart ang kanilang unang tindahan sa Shanghai, Tsina, noong 2004. Mula roon, lumawak ang chain sa Guangzhou, Suzhou, at Hangzhou. Ang iba pang tindahan ay nasa Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Chengdu, Wuxi, Beijing, at Dongguan. Noong Disyembre 2020, may 2,967 tindahang FamilyMart sa Kalupaang Tsina.<ref>{{Cite web |title=全家Family Mart—开心尝鲜在全家-门店查询 |url=http://www.familymart.com.cn/store |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518113245/http://www.familymart.com.cn/store |archive-date=2019-05-18 |access-date=2019-05-18 |website=www.familymart.com.cn}}</ref> ==== Indonesiya ==== [[Talaksan:FamilyMart_Yoshinoya_Jl_Bulungan_Jakarta_Selatan.JPG|right|thumb|Isang FamilyMart store (kaliwa) sa South Jakarta, [[Jakarta]]]] Noong 2012, plinano ng FamilyMart para magbukas ng 300 na tindahan sa kada bansa ng timog-silangang Asya. Pumasok sila sa Indonesia nang opisiyal noong 2012 sa pamamagitan ng joint venture na kasama ang PT Fajar Mitrah Indah, isang kumpanya na nasa ilalim ng Wings Group, isang malaking kumpanyang Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Fruitnet com |title=Family Mart enters Indonesia |url=https://www.fruitnet.com/asiafruit/family-mart-enters-indonesia/15796.article |website=Fruitnet}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |title=Profil FamilyMart, Perusahaan Retail Asal Jepang yang tengah Gencar Ekspansi |url=https://swa.co.id/read/423560/profil-familymart-perusahaan-retail-asal-jepang-yang-tengah-gencar-ekspansi |website=swa.co.id}}</ref> Ang unang FamilyMart na tindahan sa Indonesia ay nagbukas noong Oktubre 16, 2012 sa Cibubur, sumunod ang pangalawang outlet sa Jalan Bulungan, Timog Jakarta noong Nobyembre 17 2012. Naglunsad ang karagdagang tindahan sa Pejaten (Timog Jakarta), Kelapa Gading (Himog Jakarta), at Thamrin Residence Apartment (Sentral na Jakarta).<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=Profil FamilyMart, Perusahaan Retail Asal Jepang yang tengah Gencar Ekspansi |url=https://swa.co.id/read/423560/profil-familymart-perusahaan-retail-asal-jepang-yang-tengah-gencar-ekspansi |website=swa.co.id}}</ref> Inilunsad ang FamilyMart sa Pilipinas noong Abril 7, 2013<ref>{{cite web |date=April 5, 2013 |title=FamilyMart to open store in the Philippines, FamilyMart Glorietta3 outlet ready to welcome its first customers |url=http://www.family.co.jp/english/news_releases/130416.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130507081819/http://www.family.co.jp/english/news_releases/130416.html |archive-date=May 7, 2013 |access-date=April 26, 2013 |work=FamilyMart}}</ref> sa ilalim ng pagmamay-ari ng Ayala Corporation, Rustan's Group, at Itochu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayala Land, Rustan's to bring in FamilyMart to challenge 7-Eleven, MiniStop |url=http://www.interaksyon.com/business/47309/ayala-land-rustans-to-bring-in-familymart-to-challenge-7-eleven-ministop |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110174017/http://www.interaksyon.com/business/47309/ayala-land-rustans-to-bring-in-familymart-to-challenge-7-eleven-ministop |archive-date=2012-11-10 |access-date=November 7, 2012}}</ref><ref>[http://www.interaksyon.com/business/49722/japans-family-mart-firms-up-philippine-investment Japan's FamilyMart firms up Philippine investment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208035646/http://www.interaksyon.com/business/49722/japans-family-mart-firms-up-philippine-investment|date=December 8, 2012}} ([[News5]])</ref><ref>[http://www.family.co.jp/topics/2012/121105_8.html ファミリーマート、伊藤忠商事、AyalaグループとRustanグループの合弁会社"SIAL"の3社がフィリピンにおけるファミリーマートの展開で合弁契約を締結 (FamilyMart, Itochu, Ayala-Rustan's JV company "SIAL" join forces to launch FamilyMart in the Philippines)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108135908/http://www.family.co.jp/topics/2012/121105_8.html|date=November 8, 2012}} (FamilyMart)</ref> Ang Philippine FamilyMart CVS Inc. ay ang opisyal na Pilipinong franchisee ng FamilyMart. Ang unang Pilipinong branch, nagbukas noong Abril 22, 2013, ay matatagpuan sa loob ng Glorietta 3 mall sa Makati. Noong 2017, kinuha ang prangkisa mula sa tatluhang pamunuan Phoenix Petroleum Philippines, Inc., isang yunit ng konglomerateng base sa Davao Udenna Corporation; nakumpleto noong 2018.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dumlao-Abadilla |first=Doris |date=October 30, 2017 |title=Dennis Uy buys FamilyMart PH |newspaper=[[Philippine Daily Inquirer]] |url=https://business.inquirer.net/239559/dennis-uy-buys-familymart-ph |accessdate=March 20, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=January 11, 2018 |title=Phoenix Petroleum completes acquisition of Philippine Family Mart |website=Phoenix Petroleum |url=https://www.phoenixfuels.ph/phoenix-petroleum-completes-acquisition-of-philippine-family-mart/ |accessdate=March 20, 2022}}</ref> May higit pang 65 tindahan sa Pilipinas, kasama ang itinayo sa napiling stasyon ng Phoenix Petroleum. Noong Nobyembre 21, 2019, nagbukas ang FamilyMart ng kaniyang pinakamalaking tindahan sa buong mundo, na may lawak na 3019 square meters (4,200 sq ft), sa Udenna Tower sa Bonifacio Global City, Taguig.<ref>{{cite news |date=October 8, 2019 |title=World's largest FamilyMart to open in Manila |publisher=Inside Retail Asia |url=https://insideretail.asia/2019/10/08/worlds-largest-familymart-to-open-in-manila/#:~:text=The%20world's%20largest%20FamilyMart%20is,counter%20as%20the%20store's%20centrepiece. |accessdate=August 9, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Doctor |first=Abraham |date=November 21, 2019 |title=LOOK: THE WORLD'S BIGGEST FAMILYMART IS NOW SERVING AT BGC! |website=Udenna Group |url=https://www.udenna.ph/news/look-the-worlds-biggest-familymart-is-now-serving-at-bgc |accessdate=August 9, 2022}}</ref> ==Sanggunian== {{reflist}} ==Kawing panlabas== {{commons category|FamilyMart}} * [http://www.family.co.jp/english/ Official website] {{Usbong}} [[Kategorya:Tindahan]] mkw5kivc2suay9ew119nak0i6gydwzw 0 280266 2210286 2092828 2026-06-04T01:32:47Z InternetArchiveBot 113521 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2210286 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Talaksan:UOttawa-Tabaret_Hall-2008-05-05.jpg|thumb|Tabaret Hall]] [[Talaksan:OLBI_at_70_Laurier_Avenue_East.jpg|thumb|Official Languages and Bilingualism Institute]] Ang '''University of Ottawa''' ('''uOttawa''' o '''U ng O''') ({{Lang-fr|Université d'Ottawa}}) ay isang bilinggwal na pampublikong unibersidad sa pananaliksik sa [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario, Canada|Ontario]], Canada. Ang pangunahing kampus ay may 42.5 ektarya na nasa kapitbahayan ng Sandy Hill, katabi ng Rideau Canal ng Ottawa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.uottawa.ca/gazette/en/news/12-facts-about-your-campus-you-may-not-know |title=Archive copy |access-date=2018-05-18 |archive-date=2018-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817230025/https://www.uottawa.ca/gazette/en/news/12-facts-about-your-campus-you-may-not-know |url-status=dead }}</ref>Ang unibersidad ay nag-aalok ng malawak hanay ng akademikong programa, na pinangangasiwaan ng sampung fakultad.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Faculties and departments|url=https://www.uottawa.ca/academics/faculties/|access-date=25 Mayo 2012|publisher=University of Ottawa|archive-date=29 Mayo 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529040824/http://www.uottawa.ca/academics/faculties/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ito ay miyembro ng U15, isang pangkat ng ''research-intensive'' na mga unibersidad sa Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|date=18 February 2011|title=U15 Submission to the Expert Review Panel on Research and Development|url=http://rd-review.ca/eic/site/033.nsf/vwapj/sub198.pdf/$file/sub198.pdf|access-date=25 Mayo 2012|publisher=Review of Federal Support to R&D|archive-date=13 Marso 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313024055/http://rd-review.ca/eic/site/033.nsf/vwapj/sub198.pdf/$file/sub198.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ang Unibersidad ng Ottawa ay ang pinakamalaking bilingual na unibersidad na Ingles-Pranses sa mundo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.uottawa.ca/institutional-research-planning/resources/facts-figures/quick-facts |title=Archive copy |access-date=2018-05-18 |archive-date=2018-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205203231/https://www.uottawa.ca/institutional-research-planning/resources/facts-figures/quick-facts |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ang paaralan ay co-edukasyonal at merong higit sa 35,000 ''undergraduate'' at higit sa 6,000 ''post-graduate'' na mag-aaral. Ang unibersidad ay may higit sa 195,000 nagtapos. Ang atletikong koponan ng unibersidad ay tinatawag na Gee-Gees at kasapi ng U Sports. ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} {{coord|format=dms|display=title}} {{Stub|Edukasyon}} [[Kategorya:Mga pamantasan sa Canada]] msxhqboqxamjm9kipqhequv05tpb7sh 0 287906 2210285 2210157 2026-06-04T01:14:01Z GinawaSaHapon 102500 2210285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates}}<!-- Panatilihin ang paggamit ng tuldik sa unang banggit ng paksa. --> {{IPA notice}} Sa [[ponetika]], '''katínig sa labì''' o '''labiál''' ang mga [[katinig]] na nabubuo gamit ang isa o parehong mga [[Labi (anatomiya)|labi]] bilang aktibong artikulador.<ref>{{SOWL}}</ref> Pinakakaraniwan sa mga ito ang mga [[katinig sa parehong labi]], na nabubuo gamit ang parehong labi, at [[katinig sa labi-ngipin]], na nabubuo naman gamit ang ibabang labi at itaas na [[ngipin]]. Bukod sa dalawang ito, meron ding [[katinig sa ngipin-labi]], na tanging naitala lamang sa [[wikang Groenlandes]] at madalas na naririnig sa mga may [[problema sa pananalita]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Everett |first1=C. |last2=Chen |first2=S. |date=2021 |title=Speech adapts to differences in dentition within and across populations |trans-title=Umaayon ang pananalita sa mga pagkakaiba sa ayos ng ngipin sa mga populasyon |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=1066 |doi=10.1038/s41598-020-80190-8 |pmc=7806889 |pmid=33441808}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Vebæk |first=Mâliâraq |title=The southernmost People of Greenland-Dialects and Memories |year=2006 |isbn=978-87-635-1273-2 |series=Monographs on Greenland |volume=337 |language=en |trans-title=Ang mga Tao sa Pinakatimog ng Groenlandiya: Mga Dayalekto at Alaala |doi=10.26530/OAPEN_342373 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kinokonsidera rin bilang mga katinig sa labi ang mga [[katinig sa dila-labi]], bagamat mas karaniwang ginugrupo ang mga ito bilang mga [[katinig sa harapan]]. Sa [[wikang Tagalog]], {{IPA|[p]}} at {{IPA|[b]}} ang mga pangunahing katinig sa labi, na parehong katinig sa parehong labi. Bukod sa mga ito, makikita rin ang mga katinig sa labi-ngipin {{IPA|[f]}} at {{IPA|[v]}} sa wika, bagamat madalas itong nakikita sa mga [[hiram na salita]]. Isa ang wikang Tagalog sa maraming mga wika na hindi nagtatangi sa mga katinig sa labi at labi-ngipin, habang may pagtatangi naman sa [[wikang Ingles]]. Isang karaniwang katangian sa mga wika ang pagbibilog ng labi, o [[labialisasyon]]. May ganito sa wikang Tagalog, ang [[matunog na katinig na palapit sa labi't ngala-ngala]] {{IPA|[w]}}, na isang karaniwang ponema sa mga wika sa mundo na makikita rin sa wikang Ingles. == Uri == === Pulmonikong katinig === Nahahati ang mga [[pulmonikong katinig]] sa labi sa tatlong kategorya: [[Katinig sa parehong labi|parehong labi]], [[Katinig sa labi-ngipin|labi-ngipin]], at ang mas bihirang [[Katinig sa ngipin-labi|ngipin-labi]]. Nakagrupo ang mga ito sa talahanayan sa baba. Para sa bawat pares, nasa taas ang di-matunog na anyo habang nasa baba naman ang [[Tunog (ponetika)|matunog]]. Ipinapakita lamang sa talahanayan ang mga katinig na ginagamit sa di bababa sa isang wika. {{table alignment}} {| class="wikitable defaultcenter" |- ! rowspan="2" | Pangalan !! rowspan="2" | IPA ! colspan="4" |Halimbawa |- !Wika !Salita !Kahulugan !Bigkas |- ! colspan="6" |[[Katinig sa parehong labi]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[Katinig na pasara sa parehong labi]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|p|audio=yes}}}} | rowspan="2" |[[Wikang Tagalog|Tagalog]] | colspan="2" |pato |{{IPA|[paˈto]}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|b|audio=yes}}}} | colspan="2" |buto |{{IPA|[buto]}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Katinig na pailong sa parehong labi]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|m̥}}}} |[[Wikang Islandes|Islandes]] |{{Lang|is|kempa}} |'bayani' |{{IPA|[cʰɛm̥pa]}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|m}}}} |[[Wikang Tagalog|Tagalog]] | colspan="2" |manok |{{IPA|[maˈnok]}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Katinig na pasara-sutsot sa parehong labi]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|pɸ}}}} |[[Wikang Ingles|Ingles]] (Port Talbot) |{{Lang|en|up}} |'taas' |{{IPA|[ˈəp͡ɸ]}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|bβ}}}} |[[Wikang Ingles|Ingles]] (Scouse) |{{Lang|en|rub}} |'ipahid' |{{IPA|[ˈɹ̠ʊˑb͡β]}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Katinig na pasutsot sa parehong labi]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|ɸ}}}} |[[Wikang Hapones|Hapones]] |{{Lang|ja|腐敗}} {{Lang|ja-Latn|fuhai}} |'bulok' |{{IPA|[ɸɯhai]}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|β}}}} |[[Wikang Portuges|Portuges]] (Europeo) |{{Lang|pt|sábado}} |'Sabado' |{{IPA|[ˈsaβɐðu]}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[Katinig na palapit sa parehong labi]] | colspan="5" ! {{N/a}} |- | {{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|β̞}}}} |[[Wikang Indones|Indones]] | {{Lang|id|tawa}} |'tawa' |{{IPA|[taβ̞a]}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[Simpleng katinig na pakatal sa parehong labi]] | colspan="5" ! {{N/a}} |- | {{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|ⱱ̟}}}} |[[Wikang Mambay|Mambay]] | {{Lang|mcs|vbwah}} |'hamog' |{{IPA|[ⱱ̟wâˁħ]}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Matinding katinig na pakatal sa parehong labi]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|ⱱ̟}}}} |[[Wikang Dongo|Dongo]] |{{Lang|doo|ppo̍ppo̍-kó}} |'pakpak' |{{IPA|[ʙ̥ōʙ̥ōkó]}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|ʙ}}}} |[[Wikang Pirahã|Pirahã]] |{{Lang|myp|kaoáíbogi}} |'masamang espiritu' |{{IPA|[kàò̯áí̯ʙòˈɡì]}} |- ! colspan="6" |[[Katinig sa labi-ngipin]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[Katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|ɱ̊}}}} |[[Wikang Kinyamwezi|Kinyamwezi]] |{{Lang|nym|mfulá}} |'mabuti' |{{IPA|[ɱ̊fulá]}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|ɱ}}}} |[[Wikang Indones|Indones]] |{{Lang|id|konflik}} |'hidwaan' |{{IPA|[ˈkɔɱflɪk̚]}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Katinig na pasara sa labi-ngipin]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|p̪|audio=yes}}}} |[[Wikang Griyego|Griyego]] |{{Lang|el|σάπφειρος}} {{Lang|el-Latn|sáppheiros}} |'sapiro' |{{IPA|[ˈsap̪firo̞s̠]}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|b̪|audio=yes}}}} |[[Wikang Ibanag|Ibanag]] |{{Lang|ibg|bavi}} |'baboy' |{{IPA|[bab̪ᵛiː]}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Katinig na pasara-sutsot sa labi-ngipin]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|p̪f}}}} |[[Wikang Aleman|Aleman]] |{{Lang|de|Pfirsiche}} |'[[Milokoton|melokoton]]' |{{IPA|[ˈp͡fɪɐ̯zɪçə]}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|b̪v}}}} |[[Wikang Ngiti|Ngiti]] |{{Lang|niy|abvɔ}} |'matinik na baging' |{{IPA|[āb̪͡vɔ̄]}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[Katinig na pasutsot sa labi-ngipin]] | {{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|f}}}} |[[Wikang Olandes|Olandes]] | {{Lang|nl|fiets}} |'bisikleta' |{{IPA|[fiːts]}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|v}}}} |[[Wikang Ingles|Ingles]] |{{Lang|en|valve}} |'tubo' |{{IPA|[væɫv]}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Katinig na palapit sa labi-ngipin]] | colspan="5" ! {{N/a}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|ʋ}}}} |[[Wikang Hawayano|Hawayano]] |{{Lang|haw|wikiwiki}} |'mabilis' |{{IPA|[ʋikiʋiki]}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Simpleng katinig na pakatal sa labi-ngipin]] | colspan="5" ! {{N/a}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|ⱱ}}}} |[[Wikang Mono|Mono]] |{{Lang|mnh|vwa}} |'magpadala' |{{IPA|[ⱱa]}} |- ! colspan="6" |[[Katinig sa ngipin-labi]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[Katinig na pasutsot sa ngipin-labi]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|f͆}}}} |[[Wikang Groenlandes|Groenlandes]] (Qassimiut) |{{Lang|kl|tassa aajufffa}} |'hayun' |{{IPA|[tasːa aːjuf͆ːˠa]}} |- | colspan="5" ! {{N/a}} |} === Di-pulmonikong katinig === == Tingnan din == * [[Labialisasyon]] == Sanggunian == {{Reflist}}{{Articulation navbox}} [[Kategorya:Mga katinig]] [[Kategorya:Bigkas]] [[Kategorya:Ponetikang pang-artikulasyon]] dz7by1bk17vpn5d1xe3xbxz2jut4l5b 2210287 2210285 2026-06-04T01:42:03Z GinawaSaHapon 102500 2210287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use dmy dates}}<!-- Panatilihin ang paggamit ng tuldik sa unang banggit ng paksa. --> {{IPA notice}} Sa [[ponetika]], '''katínig sa labì''' o '''labiál''' ang mga [[katinig]] na nabubuo gamit ang isa o parehong mga [[Labi (anatomiya)|labi]] bilang aktibong artikulador.<ref>{{SOWL}}</ref> Pinakakaraniwan sa mga ito ang mga [[katinig sa parehong labi]], na nabubuo gamit ang parehong labi, at [[katinig sa labi-ngipin]], na nabubuo naman gamit ang ibabang labi at itaas na [[ngipin]]. Bukod sa dalawang ito, meron ding [[katinig sa ngipin-labi]], na tanging naitala lamang sa [[wikang Groenlandes]] at madalas na naririnig sa mga may [[problema sa pananalita]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Everett |first1=C. |last2=Chen |first2=S. |date=2021 |title=Speech adapts to differences in dentition within and across populations |trans-title=Umaayon ang pananalita sa mga pagkakaiba sa ayos ng ngipin sa mga populasyon |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=11 |issue=1 |page=1066 |doi=10.1038/s41598-020-80190-8 |pmc=7806889 |pmid=33441808}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Vebæk |first=Mâliâraq |title=The southernmost People of Greenland-Dialects and Memories |year=2006 |isbn=978-87-635-1273-2 |series=Monographs on Greenland |volume=337 |language=en |trans-title=Ang mga Tao sa Pinakatimog ng Groenlandiya: Mga Dayalekto at Alaala |doi=10.26530/OAPEN_342373 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kinokonsidera rin bilang mga katinig sa labi ang mga [[katinig sa dila-labi]], bagamat mas karaniwang ginugrupo ang mga ito bilang mga [[katinig sa harapan]]. Sa [[wikang Tagalog]], {{IPA|[p]}} at {{IPA|[b]}} ang mga pangunahing katinig sa labi, na parehong katinig sa parehong labi. Bukod sa mga ito, makikita rin ang mga katinig sa labi-ngipin {{IPA|[f]}} at {{IPA|[v]}} sa wika, bagamat madalas itong nakikita sa mga [[hiram na salita]]. Isa ang wikang Tagalog sa maraming mga wika na hindi nagtatangi sa mga katinig sa labi at labi-ngipin, habang may pagtatangi naman sa [[wikang Ingles]]. Isang karaniwang katangian sa mga wika ang pagbibilog ng labi, o [[labialisasyon]]. May ganito sa wikang Tagalog, ang [[matunog na katinig na palapit sa labi't ngala-ngala]] {{IPA|[w]}}, na isang karaniwang ponema sa mga wika sa mundo na makikita rin sa wikang Ingles. == Uri == === Pulmonikong katinig === Nahahati ang mga [[pulmonikong katinig]] sa labi sa tatlong kategorya: [[Katinig sa parehong labi|parehong labi]], [[Katinig sa labi-ngipin|labi-ngipin]], at ang mas bihirang [[Katinig sa ngipin-labi|ngipin-labi]]. Nakagrupo ang mga ito sa talahanayan sa baba. Para sa bawat pares, nasa taas ang di-matunog na anyo habang nasa baba naman ang [[Tunog (ponetika)|matunog]]. Ipinapakita lamang sa talahanayan ang mga katinig na ginagamit sa di bababa sa isang wika. {{table alignment}} {| class="wikitable defaultcenter" |- ! rowspan="2" | Pangalan !! rowspan="2" | IPA ! colspan="4" |Halimbawa |- !Wika !Salita !Kahulugan !Bigkas |- ! colspan="6" |[[Katinig sa parehong labi]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[Katinig na pasara sa parehong labi]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|p|audio=yes}}}} | rowspan="2" |[[Wikang Tagalog|Tagalog]] | colspan="2" |pato |{{IPA|[paˈto]}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|b|audio=yes}}}} | colspan="2" |buto |{{IPA|[buto]}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Katinig na pailong sa parehong labi]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|m̥}}}} |[[Wikang Islandes|Islandes]] |{{Lang|is|kempa}} |'bayani' |{{IPA|[cʰɛm̥pa]}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|m}}}} |[[Wikang Tagalog|Tagalog]] | colspan="2" |manok |{{IPA|[maˈnok]}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Katinig na pasara-sutsot sa parehong labi]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|pɸ}}}} |[[Wikang Ingles|Ingles]] (Port Talbot) |{{Lang|en|up}} |'taas' |{{IPA|[ˈəp͡ɸ]}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|bβ}}}} |[[Wikang Ingles|Ingles]] (Scouse) |{{Lang|en|rub}} |'ipahid' |{{IPA|[ˈɹ̠ʊˑb͡β]}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Katinig na pasutsot sa parehong labi]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|ɸ}}}} |[[Wikang Hapones|Hapones]] |{{Lang|ja|腐敗}} {{Lang|ja-Latn|fuhai}} |'bulok' |{{IPA|[ɸɯhai]}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|β}}}} |[[Wikang Portuges|Portuges]] (Europeo) |{{Lang|pt|sábado}} |'Sabado' |{{IPA|[ˈsaβɐðu]}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[Katinig na palapit sa parehong labi]] | colspan="5" ! {{N/a}} |- | {{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|β̞}}}} |[[Wikang Indones|Indones]] | {{Lang|id|tawa}} |'tawa' |{{IPA|[taβ̞a]}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[Simpleng katinig na pakatal sa parehong labi]] | colspan="5" ! {{N/a}} |- | {{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|ⱱ̟}}}} |[[Wikang Mambay|Mambay]] | {{Lang|mcs|vbwah}} |'hamog' |{{IPA|[ⱱ̟wâˁħ]}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Matinding katinig na pakatal sa parehong labi]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|ⱱ̟}}}} |[[Wikang Dongo|Dongo]] |{{Lang|doo|ppo̍ppo̍-kó}} |'pakpak' |{{IPA|[ʙ̥ōʙ̥ōkó]}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|ʙ}}}} |[[Wikang Pirahã|Pirahã]] |{{Lang|myp|kaoáíbogi}} |'masamang espiritu' |{{IPA|[kàò̯áí̯ʙòˈɡì]}} |- ! colspan="6" |[[Katinig sa labi-ngipin]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[Katinig na pailong sa labi-ngipin]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|ɱ̊}}}} |[[Wikang Kinyamwezi|Kinyamwezi]] |{{Lang|nym|mfulá}} |'mabuti' |{{IPA|[ɱ̊fulá]}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|ɱ}}}} |[[Wikang Indones|Indones]] |{{Lang|id|konflik}} |'hidwaan' |{{IPA|[ˈkɔɱflɪk̚]}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Katinig na pasara sa labi-ngipin]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|p̪|audio=yes}}}} |[[Wikang Griyego|Griyego]] |{{Lang|el|σάπφειρος}} {{Lang|el-Latn|sáppheiros}} |'sapiro' |{{IPA|[ˈsap̪firo̞s̠]}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|b̪|audio=yes}}}} |[[Wikang Ibanag|Ibanag]] |{{Lang|ibg|bavi}} |'baboy' |{{IPA|[bab̪ᵛiː]}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Katinig na pasara-sutsot sa labi-ngipin]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|p̪f}}}} |[[Wikang Aleman|Aleman]] |{{Lang|de|Pfirsiche}} |'[[Milokoton|melokoton]]' |{{IPA|[ˈp͡fɪɐ̯zɪçə]}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|b̪v}}}} |[[Wikang Ngiti|Ngiti]] |{{Lang|niy|abvɔ}} |'matinik na baging' |{{IPA|[āb̪͡vɔ̄]}} |- | rowspan="2" | [[Katinig na pasutsot sa labi-ngipin]] | {{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|f}}}} |[[Wikang Olandes|Olandes]] | {{Lang|nl|fiets}} |'bisikleta' |{{IPA|[fiːts]}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|v}}}} |[[Wikang Ingles|Ingles]] |{{Lang|en|valve}} |'tubo' |{{IPA|[væɫv]}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Katinig na palapit sa labi-ngipin]] | colspan="5" ! {{N/a}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|ʋ}}}} |[[Wikang Hawayano|Hawayano]] |{{Lang|haw|wikiwiki}} |'mabilis' |{{IPA|[ʋikiʋiki]}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Simpleng katinig na pakatal sa labi-ngipin]] | colspan="5" ! {{N/a}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|ⱱ}}}} |[[Wikang Mono|Mono]] |{{Lang|mnh|vwa}} |'magpadala' |{{IPA|[ⱱa]}} |- ! colspan="6" |[[Katinig sa ngipin-labi]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[Katinig na pasutsot sa ngipin-labi]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|f͆}}}} |[[Wikang Groenlandes|Groenlandes]] (Qassimiut) |{{Lang|kl|tassa aajufffa}} |'hayun' |{{IPA|[tasːa aːjuf͆ːˠa]}} |- | colspan="5" ! {{N/a}} |} === Di-pulmonikong katinig === {{table alignment}} {| class="wikitable defaultcenter" |- ! rowspan="2" | Pangalan !! rowspan="2" | IPA ! colspan="4" |Halimbawa |- !Wika !Salita !Kahulugan !Bigkas |- ! colspan="6" |[[Katinig sa parehong labi]] |- | rowspan="2" |[[Paloob na katinig sa parehong labi]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|ɓ|audio=yes}}}} |[[Wikang Biyetnamita|Biyetnames]] |{{Lang|vi|bạn}} |'ikaw' |{{IPA|[ɓan̪˧ˀ˨ʔ]}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|ɓ̥|audio=yes}}}} |[[Wikang Ese Ejja|Ese Ejja]] |{{Lang|ese|ba'i}} |'buwan' (astronomiya) |{{IPA|['ɓ̥aʔi]}} |- |[[Palabas na katinig na pasara sa parehong labi]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|pʼ|audio=yes}}}} |[[Wikang Ubykh|Ubykh]] |{{Lang|uby|wıp'ts'e}} |'pangalan mo' |{{IPA|[wɨpʼtsʼɜ]}} |- |[[Palabas na katinig na pasutsot sa parehong labi]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|ɸʼ}}}} |[[Wikang Yuchi|Yuchi]] |{{Lang|yuc|f̓asę}} |'magandang gabi' |{{IPA|[ɸʼasẽ]}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Tenuis na katinig na pitik sa parehong labi]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|kʘ}}}} | rowspan="2" |[[Wikang Taa|Taa]] | rowspan="2" |? | rowspan="2" |'anak' | rowspan="2" |{{IPA|[k͡ʘoa]}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|kʘ|qʘ}}}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Matunog na katinig na pitik sa parehong labi]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|ɡʘ}}}} | colspan="4" rowspan="2" ! {{N/a}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|ɡʘ|ɢʘ}}}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[Pailong na katinig na pitik sa parehong labi]] |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|ŋʘ}}}} | colspan="4" rowspan="2" ! {{N/a}} |- |{{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|ŋʘ|ɴʘ}}}} |- ! colspan="6" |[[Katinig sa labi-ngipin]] |- | [[Palabas na katinig na pasara-sutsot sa labi-ngipin]] | {{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|p̪fʼ}}}} |[[Wikang Tsetsaut|Tsetsaut]] |{{Lang|txc|apfʼo}} |'maglaga' |{{IPA|[ap̪͡fʼo]}} |- |[[Palabas na katinig na pasutsot sa labi-ngipin]] | {{Big|{{IPA link|audio=yes|fʼ}}}} |[[Wikang Yap|Yap]] | {{Lang|yap|f'aang}} |'igat' |{{IPA|[fʼaːŋ]}} |- |} == Tingnan din == * [[Labialisasyon]] == Sanggunian == {{Reflist}}{{Articulation navbox}} [[Kategorya:Mga katinig]] [[Kategorya:Bigkas]] [[Kategorya:Ponetikang pang-artikulasyon]] 34n8z5mwqat8gpjfby3hjl0cfrmxa2i 0 291890 2210305 1992406 2026-06-04T05:17:13Z Jojit fb 38 Inilipat ni Jojit fb ang pahinang [[BCG vaccine]] sa [[Bakunang BCG]] 1992406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Drugbox|image=Mycobacterium bovis BCG ZN.jpg|caption=Microscopic image of the Calmette-Guérin bacillus, [[Ziehl–Neelsen stain]], magnification:1,000nn <!-- Vaccine data -->|type=vaccine|target=[[Tuberculosis]]|vaccine_type=live <!-- Clinical data -->|Drugs.com={{drugs.com|pro|bcg-vaccine}}|pregnancy_AU=<!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->|pregnancy_US=C|pregnancy_category=|legal_AU=<!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled -->|legal_CA=<!-- Schedule I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII -->|legal_UK=<!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, or Class A, B, C -->|legal_US=Rx-only|legal_status=|routes_of_administration=Percutaneous <!-- Identifiers -->|CAS_number=|ATC_prefix=J07|ATC_suffix=AN01|PubChem=|DrugBank=DB12768|ChemSpiderID=none}} '''Ang''' '''bakuna ng''' '''Bacillus Calmette – Guérin''' ( '''BCG''' ) ay isang [[ Bakuna|bakuna na]] pangunahing ginagamit laban sa [[Tuberkulosis|tuberculosis]] (TB).<ref name="WHO20182">[["BCG vaccinhttp://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/260306/1/WER9308.pdf?ua=1es: WHO position paper – February 2018" (PDF)|"BCG vaccines: WHO position paper – February 2018" (PDF)]]. ''Releve Epidemiologique Hebdomadaire''. '''93''' (8): 73–96. 23 February 2018. PMID&nbsp;29474026</ref> Sa mga bansa kung saan ang tuberculosis o [[ketong]] ay pangkaraniwan, ang isang dosis ay inirerekomenda sa malusog na mga sanggol nang malapit sa oras ng kapanganakan hangga't maaari.<ref name="WHO20182" /> Sa mga lugar na hindi pangkaraniwan ang tuberkulosis, tanging ang mga bata na may mataas na peligro ay karaniwang nabakunahan, habang ang mga pinaghihinalaang kaso ng tuberkulosis ay isa-isa na sinusuri at ginagamot.<ref name="WHO20182" /> Ang mga may sapat na gulang na walang tuberkulosis at hindi pa nabakunahan ngunit madalas na nakalantad ay maaaring mabakunahan din.<ref name="WHO20182" /> Ang BCG ay mayroon ding kaunting bisa laban sa impeksyon ng [[Ulcer na buruli|Buruli ulcer]] at iba pang mga impeksyon sa [[ Nontuberculous mycobacteria|nontuberculous mycobacteria]] .<ref name="WHO20182" /> Dagdag dito kung minsan ay ginagamit ito bilang bahagi ng paggamot ng [[ Kanser sa pantog|cancer sa pantog]] .<ref>Green, James; Fuge, Oliver; Allchorne, Paula; Vasdev, Nikhil (May 2015). "[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4427258 Immunotherapy for bladder cancer]". ''Research and Reports in Urology''. '''7''': 65–79. doi:10.2147/RRU.S63447. PMC&nbsp;4427258. PMID&nbsp;26000263.</ref> <ref>{{cite journal|last1=Houghton|first1=Baerin B.|last2=Chalasani|first2=Venu|last3=Hayne|first3=Dickon|last4=Grimison|first4=Peter|last5=Brown|first5=Christopher S. B.|last6=Patel|first6=Manish I.|last7=Davis|first7=Ian D.|last8=Stockler|first8=Martin R.|title=Intravesical chemotherapy plus bacille Calmette-Guérin in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review with meta-analysis|journal=BJU International|date=May 2013|volume=111|issue=6|pages=977–83|pmid=23253618|doi=10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.11390.x}}</ref> Ang mga rate ng proteksyon laban sa impeksyon sa tuberculosis ay malawak ang pagkakaiba at ang proteksyon ay tumatagal ng hanggang dalawampung taon.<ref name="WHO20183">{{cite journal|title=BCG vaccines: WHO position paper – February 2018|journal=Releve Epidemiologique Hebdomadaire|date=23 February 2018|volume=93|issue=8|pages=73–96|pmid=29474026|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/260306/1/WER9308.pdf?ua=1}}</ref> Sa mga bata pinipigilan nito ang mga 20% mula sa pagkahawa at kabilang sa mga nahawahan ay pinoprotektahan nito ang kalahati mula sa pagkakaroon ng sakit.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Roy|first1=A|last2=Eisenhut|first2=M|last3=Harris|first3=RJ|last4=Rodrigues|first4=LC|last5=Sridhar|first5=S|last6=Habermann|first6=S|last7=Snell|first7=L|last8=Mangtani|first8=P|last9=Adetifa|first9=I|last10=Lalvani|first10=A|last11=Abubakar|first11=I|title=Effect of BCG vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in children: systematic review and meta-analysis.|journal=BMJ|date=5 August 2014|volume=349|pages=g4643|pmid=25097193|doi=10.1136/bmj.g4643|pmc=4122754}}</ref> Ang bakuna ay ibinibigay sa pamamagitan ng iniksyon sa [[Balat (anatomiya)|balat]] . Ang mga karagdagang dosis ay hindi suportado ng katibayan. ==Mga Sanggunian== {{Reflist}} 8cayptm6j55a38cu46c19bwi7f58an7 0 292336 2210250 1978323 2026-06-03T18:18:33Z InternetArchiveBot 113521 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2210250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writing system |name = Tamil |altname = {{lang|ta|தமிழ்}} |type = [[:en:Abugida|Abugida]] |time = c. 700Ad – present<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rajan |first=K. |title=Territorial Division as Gleaned from Memorial Stones |jstor=29757518 |journal=East and West |publisher=Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente (IsIAO) |publication-date=December 2001 |volume=51 |issue=3/4 |page=363 }} (table showing Tamil in row for the 601–800 period)</ref> |languages = [[:en:Tamil language|Tamil]]<br />[[:en:Kanikkaran language|Kanikkaran]]<br />[[:en:Badaga language|Badaga]]<br />[[:en:Irula language|Irula]]<br />[[:en:Paniya language|Paniya]]<br/>[[Sanskrit]]<br />[[:en:Saurashtra language|Saurashtra]] |fam1=[[:en:Brahmi script|Brahmi script]] |fam2=[[:en:Tamil-Brahmi|Tamil-Brahmi]] |sisters=[[:en:Vatteluttu|Vatteluttu]]<br/>[[:en:Pallava alphabet|Pallava]]<br/>[[:en:Kolezhuthu|Kolezhuthu]]<br/> [[:en:Malayanma|Malayanma]]] |unicode = {{ublist |class=nowrap |[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B80.pdf U+0B80–U+0BFF] {{smaller|Tamil}} |[https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U11FC0.pdf U+11FC0–U+11FFF] {{smaller|Tamil Supplement}}}} |iso15924 = Taml |sample = Word Tamil.svg |imagesize=250px }} Ang '''sulat Tamil''' ay isang abugida na ginagamit ng mga nagsasalita ng [[Wikang Tamil|Tamil]] sa mga bansang [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], [[Indonesia]] at iba pang mga lugar ng [[Timog Asya]] upang isulat ang wikang Tamil pati na rin ang liturikal na wikang [[Wikang Sanskrito|Sanskrit]] gamit ang mga katinig at palatuldukan (diacritics) na wala sa alpabetong Tamil.<ref>{{Citation | title=The Unicode 5.0 Standard | edition=5 | publisher=Addison-Wesley | place=Upper Saddle River, NJ | year=2006 | isbn=0-321-48091-0 | last=Allen | first=Julie | author2-link=Unicode Consortium}} at p. 324</ref> Ang ilang mga wikang Saurashtra, Badaga, Irula, at Paniya ay nakasulat din ng sulat Tamil.<ref>{{citation| editor-last=Lewis | editor-first=M. Paul | title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World | edition=16th| url=http://www.ethnologue.com/ | publisher=SIL International | location=Dallas, Tex. | year=2009 | accessdate=2009-08-28}}</ref> ==Katangian== Ang sulat Tamil ay may labing dalawang (12) [[Patinig|patinig]] o tinatawag na titik-kaluluwa ''(soul-letters)'' at labing walong (18) [[Katinig|katinig]] o tinatawag na katawang-titik ''(body-letters)'' at isang natatanging titik (''character''), ang titik (character) na {{lang|ta|ஃ}} ('''F''') na tinatawag na ''akku'' at inuri sa [[Palabaybayan|ortograpiyang]] Tamil ay maaaring [[Katinig|katinig]] o isang [[Patinig|patinig]].<ref>[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/romadict.pl?table=tamil-lex&page=148&display=utf8{{Dead link|date=Mayo 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Mayo 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Mayo 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Mayo 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Enero 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Agosto 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Agosto 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Agosto 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Agosto 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Agosto 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{Dead link|date=Agosto 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} University of Madras Tamil Lexicon, page 148: "{{lang|ta|அலியெழுத்து}} [ {{transl|ta|ISO|aliyeḻuttu}} ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214081015/https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/romadict.pl?table=tamil-lex&page=148&display=utf8 |date=2021-02-14 }} n {{transl|ta|ISO|ali-y-eḻuttu}} . < {{lang|ta|அலி}}¹ +. 1. The letter {{lang|ta|ஃ}}, as being regarded as neither a vowel nor a consonant; {{lang|ta|ஆய்தம்}}. ({{lang|ta|வெண்பாப். முதன்மொ. 6, உரை.}}) 2. Consonants; {{lang|ta|மெய்யெ ழுத்து. (பிங்.).}}"]{{Dead link|date=Oktubre 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>Gayunpaman, nakalista ito sa dulong hanay ng mga patinig. Ang sulat ay papantig (''syllabic'') at hindi alpabetiko. Ang kabuuang bilang ng titik (''character'') ay binubuo ng tatlumpu't isang (31) mga titik na may kanya kanyang anyo at karagdagang dalawang daan at labing anim (216) na kombinasyon ng mga titik na may kabuuang dalawang daan at apatnapu't pitong (247) kombinasyon ng isang katinig at isang patinig, isang walang tunog na katinig (''mute consonant'') at isang patinig lamang. Ang mga magkasamang titik (nakabuklod) ay nabubuo sa pagdaragdag o paglalagay ng palatandaan (''marker'') ng patinig sa katinig. May ilang mga patinig na nangangailangan ng pangunahing anyo ng katinig na kailangang baguhin upang tiyak na matukoy ito. Ang iba naman ay isinusulat sa pamamagitan ng pagdaragdag ng [[Panlapi#Hulapi|hulapi]] (''suffix'') sa isang partikular na patinig na tutukoy sa katinig, ang iba naman ay ang paggamit ng [[Panlapi#Unlapi|unlapi]] (''prefix''). Ang iba pang mga patinig ay nangangailangan naman ng parehong [[Panlapi#Hulapi|hulapi]] at [[Panlapi#Unlapi|unlapi]] sa isang katinig. Sa bawat kaso, ang palatandaan (''marker'') ng katinig ay naiiba sa pansariling anyo ng isang patinig. Ang '''sulat ng Tamil''' isinusulat ng mula sa kaliwa papuntang kanan (''left to right''). [[File:Evolution of Vatteluttu and Tamil scripts.gif|thumb|350px|Ebolusyong pagbabago ng sulat Tamil (gitnang bahagi) sa alpabetong [[Vatteluttu]] (pinaka-kaliwa) at ng sulat Tamil (pinaka-kanan]] ==Maikling kasaysayan== [[File:History of Tamil script.jpg|thumb|350px|Kasaysayan ng pagbabago ng sulat Tamil mula noong unang [[:en:Tamil Brahmi|Tamil Brahmi]] bandang itaas hanggang sa kasalukuyang sulat Tamil sa ibaba.]] [[File:Tirukkural manuscript.jpg|thumb|350px|[[:en:Tirukkural|Thirukkural]] [[:en:palm leaf manuscript|palm leaf manuscript]].]] Ang sulat Tamil, tulad ng iba pang mga [[:en:Brahmic scripts|sulat ng Brahmi]] , ay maaring nagmula sa orihinal na [[:en:Brahmic scripts|sulat ng Brahmi]]{{sfn|Mahadevan|2003|p=173}}Ang pinakaunang mga inskripsyon ng pagsulat ng Tamil na tinatanggap na mga halimbawa ay mula pa sa panahon ng [[Ashoka|Ashokan]].Bagamat may mga ilang inskripsyon na nagmula pa sa mas maagang panahon ng 5th siglo BCE, ito natuklasan sa mga lugar tulad ng [[:en:Adichanallur|Adichanallur]] at [[:en:Kodumanal|Kodumanal]] sa [[Tamil Nadu]]. Ang pagsulat na ginamit sa naturang mga inskripsyon ay karaniwang kilala bilang , o "sulat ng Tamili", at naiiba ng maraming paraan sa karaniwang Ashokan Brahmi. Isang halimbawa, ang sinaunang Tamil-Brahmi, hindi tulad ng Ashokan Brahmi, ay may sistemang may pagkakakilanlan sa purong katinig (halimbawa: '''m''') at katinig na may patinig (halimbawa: '''ma'''). Ang sinaunang Tamil Brahmi ay bahagyang gumagamit ng magkakaibang palatandaan ng patinig, may mga ibang titik ''(character)'' na kumakatawan sa mga titik na wala sa sulat ng [[Sanskrit]] at inalis ang mga titik para sa mga tunog na wala sa [[Wikang Tamil|Tamil]] tulad ng [[:en:Voice (phonetics)|matunog na katinig]] at [[:en:Aspirated consonant|''aspirate'' na katinig]].{{sfn|Mahadevan|2003|p=173}} Ang mga inskripsyon na mula sa ika-w siglo ay gumagamit ng ibang anyo ng Tamil-Brahmi na kahalintulad ng paraan ng pagsulat na inilarawan sa "[[:en:Tolkāppiyam|Tolkāppiyam]]", isang sinaunang gramatika sa [[Wikang Tamil|Tamil]]. Ang kapansin-pansin ay ang paggamit ng ''puḷḷi'' upang iwasan ang isang patinig.{{sfn|Mahadevan|2003|p=230}} Ang mga titik sa pagsulat ng Tamil ay nagsimulang umusbong ng mas bilugan at sa ika-5 o ika-6 na siglo, ito ay nakarating sa isang porma na kung tawagin ay '' maagang vaṭṭeḻuttu '' (early vaṭṭeḻuttu).{{sfn|Mahadevan|2003|p=211}} Gayunpaman, ang makabagong pagsulat ng Tamil ay hindi nagmula sa pagsulat na iyon. {{sfn|Mahadevan|2003|p=209}} Noong ika-6 na siglo ang [[:en:Pallava dynasty|paghahari ng Pallava]] ay lumikha ng isang [[:en:Pallava alphabet|bagong pagsulat]] para sa [[Wikang Tamil|wikang Tamil]] at ang [[:en:Grantha alphabet|alpabetong Grantha]] ay nagmula rito, at ang alpabetong Vaṭṭeḻuttu ay idinagdag para sa mga tunog na hindi makikita upang maisulat ang [[Sanskrit]].{{sfn|Mahadevan|2003|p=213}} Kahanay sa [[:en:Pallava alphabet|sulat ng Pallava]] isang bagong paraan ng pagsulat ang (sulat Chola-Pallava, na nagbago sa modernong sulat ng Tamil) ay lumitaw sa [[:en:Chola dynasty|teritoryo ng Chola]] na kahawig ng parehong pag-unlad ng simbolo (''glyph'') katulad ng sulat ng Pallava ngunit hindi ito nagbago. Noong ika-8 siglom ang bagong pagsulat ay naidagdag sa Vaṭṭeḻuttu sa [[:en:Chola dynasty|Chola]] partikular sa kaharain ng Pallava sa hilagang bahagi na nagsasalita ng [[Wikang Tamil|wikang Tamil]] subalit ang Vaṭṭeḻuttu ay patuloy na ginamit sa timog na bahagi na nagsasalita ng [[Wikang Tamil|wikang Tamil]] partikular sa [[:en:Chera dynasty|kahariang ng Chera]] at [[:en:Pandyan dynasty|kaharian ng Pandyan]] hanggang sa ika-11 siglo nang ang Pandyan ay nasakop ng Cholas.{{sfn|Mahadevan|2003|p=212}} Mula noon ay itinulak ng mga Chola ang paggamit ng paraan ng pagsulat gamit ang sulat Chola-Pallava, at sa mga sumunod na siglo, ang sulat Chola-Pallava ay umunlad bilang modernong sulat ng Tamil. Ang ilan sa mga titik ay pinasimple noong ika-19 na siglo upang mas madali ang pagsulat. Sa pagsapit ng ika-20 na siglo, ang sulat ay mas [[:en:Simplified Tamil script|pinasimple]] pa sa serye ng mga reporma, ang mga palatandaan (''markers'') sa patinig na gamit sa mga katinig ay isinaayos sa pamamagitan ng pagtanggal ng mga natatanging palatandaan (''special markers'') na may mga kakaibang porma. ==Ugnayan sa ibang sulat ''Indic''== Ang sulat Tamil ay naiiba sa ibang sulat na mula sa Brahmi sa maraming paraan. Hindi tulad ng ibang sulat Brahmi, hindi ito karaniwang nagpapakita ng [[Plosibo|''voice'' o ''aspirated'' na katinig]] dahit ito ay hindi [[Ponema|ponema]] ng wikang [[Wikang Tamil|Tamil]] kahit na ang tunog na humihinto ''allophone'' ay maririnig sa wikang Tamil. Halimbawa ang titik (''character'') {{lang|ta|க் }} '''k''' ay kumakatawan sa [[:en:Voiceless velar stop|/k/]] ngunit maaari ding bigkasin na [[:en:Voiced velar stop|/ɡ/]] o [[:en:Voiceless velar fricative|/x/]] batay sa mga patakaran ng [[:en:Tamil grammar|grammar sa Tamil]]. May hiwalay na hanay ng mga titik (''character'') na ginagamit sa mga tunog na ito kapag ang sulat Tamil ay ginamit sa wikang [[Sanskrit]] o iba pang mga wika. Hindi rin ito katulad ng ibang sulat Brahmi, ang sulat Tamil ay bihirang gumamit ng [[Pang-angkop]] sa pagsulat o ''[[:en:typographic ligature|typographic ligature]]'' sa mga pangatnig na patinig na bihira sa Tamil hindi tulad ng ibang wika sa Timog Asya. Kung mangyari man ito, ang pangatnig na patinig ay isinusulat sa pamamagitan ng pagsulat ng titik sa unang patinig, pagdaragda ng ''puḷḷi'' upang iwasan ang likas na patinig at pagsulat ng titik sa susunod na patinig. May mga ilang nabubukod dito tulad ng {{lang|ta|க்ஷ}} '' kṣa '' at {{lang|ta|ஸ்ரீ}} '' śrī. ==Mga titik== [[File:Mangulam inscription.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Mangulam]] Tamili inscription sa Mangulam, [[:en:Madurai district|Madurai district]], Tamil Nadu noong Tamil [[:en:Sangam period|Sangam period]] c. 400 BCE - c. 200 CE.]] [[File:Tamil Inscriptions.jpg|thumb|200px|Paliwanag sa [[:en:Mangulam|Mangulam]] sulat Tamil Brahmi ng Mangulam, [[:en:Madurai district|Madurai district]], Tamil Nadu panahon ng Tamil [[:en:Sangam period|Sangam period]] c. 400 BCE - c. 200 CE.]] {{multiple image | align = | direction = | width = 100 | footer = Taas: ''Tampiran Vanakkam'' (''Doctrina Christum'') unang aklat na nasulat sa Tamil, nalimbag noong 20 October 1578. Ibaba: Aklat sa Tamil nalimbag noong 1781. | image1 = Thambiran Vanakkam 1578.JPG | alt1 = | caption1 = | image2 = CHRISTIAN BOOK-printed1781-Tamil nadu-India41.jpg | alt2 = | caption2 = }} ===Pangunahing katinig=== Ang mga katinig ay tinatawag na "katawan" (''mei'') at inuuri sa tatlong katagorya: ''valinam'' (matigas na pagbigkas), mellinam (malambot na pagbigkas, kasama ang mga ''nasal'') at ''itayinam'' (katamtamang pagbigkas). May ilang panuntunang leksikal (''lexical rules'') para sa pagbuo ng mga salita na inilarawan ng ''Tolkāppiyam ''. Halimbawa: ang isang salita ay hindi magtatapos sa ilang mga katinig at hindi maaaring magsimula sa ilang mga katinig na kasama ang r-, l- at ḻ-; may dalawang katinig para sa ''dental n-'' na kung alin ang dapaat gamitn ay nakasalalay kung ang ''n'' ay nasa pagsisimula ng salita at sa mga titik sa paligid nito. (Sa kasaysayan, ang isang ''n'' ay binibigkas bilang isang [[Katinig na Albeyolar]] tulad ng sa [[Wikang Malayalam|Malayalam]]). Ang pagkakasunud-sunod ng alpabeto ([[:en:abugida|abugida]] lamang) sa Tamil ay malapit na katugma sa mga kalapit na wika kapwa sa lokasyon at linggwistika na karaniwang pinagmulan ng kanilang pagsulat mula sa Brahmi. <!--- NOTE: Before editing this page for unicode errors please check your OS configuration for complex character support. You can check it here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:INDIC ---> {| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Mga katinig sa Tamil{{sfn|Steever|1996|p=426-430}} |- ! Katinig !! [[ISO 15919]] !! Uri !! [[help:IPA|IPA]] |- | {{lang|ta|க்}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|k}} || vallinam || {{IPA|[k]}}, {{IPA|[ɡ]}}, {{IPA|[x]}}, {{IPA|[ɣ]}}, {{IPA|[h]}}, {{IPA|[ɦ]}} |- | {{lang|ta|ங்}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|ṅ}} || mellinam || {{IPAblink|ŋ}} |- | {{lang|ta|ச்}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|c}} || vallinam || {{IPA|[t͡ʃ]}}, {{IPA|[d͡ʒ]}}, {{IPA|[ʃ]}}, {{IPA|[s]}}, {{IPA|[ʒ]}}, {{IPA|[z]}} |- | {{lang|ta|ஞ்}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|ñ}} || mellinam || {{IPA|[ɲ]}} |- | {{lang|ta|ட்}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|ṭ}} || vallinam || {{IPA|[ʈ]}}, {{IPA|[ɖ]}}, {{IPA|[ɽ]}} |- | {{lang|ta|ண்}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|ṇ}} || mellinam || {{IPA|[ɳ]}} |- | {{lang|ta|த்}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|t}} || vallinam || {{IPAblink|t̪}}, {{IPAblink|d̪}}, {{IPAblink|ð}}, {{IPAblink|θ}} |- | {{lang|ta|ந்}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|n}} || mellinam || {{IPA|[n̪]}} |- | {{lang|ta|ப்}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|p}} || vallinam || {{IPA|[p]}}, {{IPA|[b]}}, {{IPAblink|β}}, {{IPAblink|ɸ}} |- | ம் || {{transl|ta|ISO|m}} || mellinam || {{IPA|[m]}} |- | {{lang|ta|ய்}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|y}} || idaiyinam || {{IPA|[j]}} |- | {{lang|ta|ர்}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|r}} || idaiyinam || {{IPA|[ɾ]}} |- | {{lang|ta|ல்}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|l}} || idaiyinam || {{IPA|[l]}} |- | {{lang|ta|வ்}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|v}} || idaiyinam || {{IPA|[ʋ]}} |- | {{lang|ta|[[ழ்]]}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|ḻ}} || idaiyinam || {{IPAblink|ɻ}} |- | {{lang|ta|[[retroflex lateral approximant|ள்]]}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|ḷ}} || idaiyinam || {{IPAblink|ɭ}} |- | {{lang|ta|ற்}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|ṟ}} || vallinam || {{IPA|[r]}}, {{IPA|[t]}}, {{IPA|[d]}} |- | {{lang|ta|ன்}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|ṉ}} || mellinam || {{IPA|[n]}} |} ===Mga katinig ng Grantha na ginagamit sa Tamil=== Ang pagsasalita sa Tamil ay maraming kasamang [[ponema]] na hindi bahaging uri ng ''Tolkāppiyam''. Ang mga titik na ginamit upang isulat ang mga tunog na ito na nakilala bilang ''Grantha'' ay ginagamit bilang bahagi ng Tamil. Itinuro ang mga ito mula sa elementarya at isinama ng Pamahalaan ng [[Tamil Nadu]] na tinawag namang [[:en:Tamil All Character Encoding |Tamil All Character Encoding (TACE16)]] <!--- NOTE: Before editing this page for Unicode errors please check your OS configuration for complex character support. You can check it here:- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:INDIC ---> {|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ Patinig ng Grantha sa Tamil{{sfn|Steever|1996|p=426-430}} |- ! Katinig !! [[ISO 15919]] !! IPA |- | {{lang|ta|ஜ்}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|j}} || {{IPA|[d͡ʒ]}} |- |{{lang|ta|ஶ்}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|ś}} || {{IPA|[ɕ]}}, {{IPA|[ʃ]}} |- | {{lang|ta|ஷ்}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|ṣ}} || {{IPA|[ʂ]}} |- | {{lang|ta|ஸ்}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|s}} || {{IPA|[s]}} |- | {{lang|ta|ஹ்}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|h}} || {{IPA|[h]}} |- | {{lang|ta|க்ஷ்}} || {{transl|ta|ISO|kṣ}} || {{IPA|[kʂ]}} |} May mga pagsisikap ng ginawa upang pag-iba-ibahin ang mga katinig na ''voiced'' at ''voicelss'' sa paglalagay ng ''subscript'' na numero (2, 3 at 4) na tumutugon para sa ''unvoiced aspirated, ''voiced'' at ''voiced aspirated''. Ginamit ito upang maisulat ang mga salitang [[Sanskrit]] sa Sanskrit-Tamil na mga aklat.<ref name="Sharma2010a">Sharma, Shriramana. (2010a). [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10256r-extended-tamil.pdf ''Proposal to encode characters for Extended Tamil''.]</ref><ref name="Sharma2010c">Sharma, Shriramana. (2010c). [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10407-ext-tamil-follow2.pdf ''Follow-up #2 to Extended Tamil proposal''.]</ref> Tignan ang talahanayan na sumusunod: {| class="wikitable" |- | க [ka] || க₂ [kha] || க₃ [ga] || க₄ [gha] |- | ச [ca] || ச₂ [cha] || ஜ [ja] || ஜ [jha]{{ref|a}} |- | ட [ṭa] || ட₂ [ṭha] || ட₃ [ḍa] || ட₄ [ḍha] |- | த [ta] || த₂ [tha] || த₃ [da] || த₄ [dha] |- | ப [pa] || ப₂ [pha] || ப₃ [ba] || ப₄ [bha] |} {{note|a}} Ang titik ay dapat na may guhit sa ibaba. Ang [[Unikodigo|Unicode Standard]] ay gumagamit ng mga ''superscripted'' na numero para sa parehong layunin, tulad ng sa ப² [pha], ப³ [ba], at ப⁴ [bha]<ref>Unicode Consortium (2019). Tamil. In [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode12.0.0/ch12.pdf ''The Unicode Standard Version 12.0'' (pp. 489-498)].</ref> ===Patinig=== Ang mga patinig ang tinatawag na "buhay" ('' uyir '') o titik-kaluluwa. Kasama ang mga katinig ('' mei '') na tinatawag na katawang-titik, ang mga ito ay bumubuo ng tambalan, papantig (''syllabic'')([[:en:abugida|abugida]]) na mga titik na tinatawak na "titik ng buhay" ('' uyir mei ''), ibig sabihin na ang mga titik ay may katawan at kaluluwa. Ang mga patinig ng Tamil ay nahahati sa igsi at haba (lima sa bawat uri) at dalawang [[Diptonggo|diptonggo]]. <!--- NOTE: Before editing this page for unicode errors please check your OS configuration for complex character support. You can check it here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:INDIC ---> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ Mga patinig sa Tamil{{sfn|Steever|1996|p=426-430}} |- ! Independent !Tanda ng patinig!! [[ISO 15919]] !! IPA |- | {{lang|ta|அ}} |{{N/A}}|| {{transl|ta|ISO|a}} || {{IPAblink|ʌ}} |- | {{lang|ta|ஆ}} |ா | {{transl|ta|ISO|ā}} || {{IPA|[ɑː]}} |- | {{lang|ta|இ}} |ி | {{transl|ta|ISO|i}} || {{IPA|[i]}} |- | {{lang|ta|ஈ}} |ீ | {{transl|ta|ISO|ī}} || {{IPA|[iː]}} |- | {{lang|ta|உ}} |ு | {{transl|ta|ISO|u}} || {{IPA|[u]}}, {{IPA|[ɯ]}} |- | {{lang|ta|ஊ}} |ூ | {{transl|ta|ISO|ū}} || {{IPA|[uː]}} |- | {{lang|ta|எ}} |ெ | {{transl|ta|ISO|e}} || {{IPA|[e]}} |- | {{lang|ta|ஏ}} |ே | {{transl|ta|ISO|ē}} || {{IPA|[eː]}} |- | {{lang|ta|ஐ}} |ை | {{transl|ta|ISO|ai}} || {{IPA|[ʌj]}} |- | {{lang|ta|ஒ}} |ொ | {{transl|ta|ISO|o}} || {{IPA|[o]}} |- | {{lang|ta|ஓ}} |ோ | {{transl|ta|ISO|ō}} || {{IPA|[oː]}} |- | {{lang|ta|ஔ}} |ௌ | {{transl|ta|ISO|au}} || {{IPA|[ʌʋ]}} |- | {{lang|ta|ஃ}} |{{N/A}}|| {{transl|ta|ISO|akh}} || {{N/A}} |} ====Tambalan==== Gamit ang patinig na 'k' bilang halimbawa: <!--- NOTE: Before editing this page for unicode errors please check your OS configuration for complex character support. You can check it here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:INDIC ---> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |- ! Pagbubuo !! Tambalang nabuo!! [[ISO 15919]] !! IPA |- | lang="ta"| க் + அ || lang="ta"| க || {{transl|ta|ISO|ka}} || {{IPA|[kʌ]}} |- | lang="ta"| க் + ஆ || lang="ta"| கா || {{transl|ta|ISO|kā}} || {{IPA|[kɑː]}} |- | lang="ta"| க் + இ || lang="ta"| கி || {{transl|ta|ISO|ki}} || {{IPA|[ki]}} |- | lang="ta"| க் + ஈ || lang="ta"| கீ || {{transl|ta|ISO|kī}} || {{IPA|[kiː]}} |- | lang="ta"| க் + உ || lang="ta"| கு || {{transl|ta|ISO|ku}} || {{IPA|[ku]}}, {{IPA|[kɯ]}} |- | lang="ta"| க் + ஊ || lang="ta"| கூ || {{transl|ta|ISO|kū}} || {{IPA|[kuː]}} |- | lang="ta"| க் + எ || lang="ta"| கெ || {{transl|ta|ISO|ke}} || {{IPA|[ke]}} |- | lang="ta"| க் + ஏ || lang="ta"| கே|| {{transl|ta|ISO|kē}} || {{IPA|[keː]}} |- | lang="ta"| க் + ஐ || lang="ta"| கை || {{transl|ta|ISO|kai}} || {{IPA|[kʌj]}} |- | lang="ta"| க் + ஒ || lang="ta"| கொ || {{transl|ta|ISO|ko}} || {{IPA|[ko]}} |- | lang="ta"| க் + ஓ || lang="ta"| கோ|| {{transl|ta|ISO|kō}} || {{IPA|[koː]}} |- | lang="ta"| க் + ஔ || lang="ta"| கௌ || {{transl|ta|ISO|kau}} || {{IPA|[kʌʋ]}} |- |} Ang espesyal na titik na {{lang|ta|ஃ}}, na kinakatawan ng tatlong tuldok at tinawag na ''āytha eḻuttu'' o ''akh '', ay ang ''[[:en:visarga|visarga]]''. Karaniwang nagsilbi ito ng isang tungkuling gramatika lamang ngunit sa mga modernong panahon ito ay ginamit bilang isang ''diacritic'' upang kumatawan sa mga dayuhang tunog o ng ibang mga wika. Halimbawa, ang {{lang|ta|ஃப}} ay ginagamit sa wikang Ingles sa tunog na ''f'' na wala naman sa Tamil. Ang mahahabang (''nedil'') mga patinig ay halos dalawang beses ang haba sa mga maikling (''kuṟil'') mga patinig. Ang mga [[Diptonggo|diptonggo]] ay karaniwang binibigkas ng isa at kalahating beses ang haba sa mga maikling patinig, kahit na ang ilang mga teksto sa gramatika ay isinasama ang mga ito sa mga mahabang (''nedil'') mga patinig. Tulad ng makikita sa tambalan (''compund form'') ang tanda ng patinig ay maaaring idagdag sa kanan, kaliwa o magkabilang panig ng mga katinig. Maaari rin itong bumuo ng isang [[:en:Ligature (typography) |ligatura]]. Ang patakaran na ito ay nagbabago bago at ang lumang paraan ng paggamit ay mas maraming [[:en:Ligature (typography) |ligatura]] kumpara sa makabagong paggamit. ===Talahanayan ng tambalang titik ng Tamil=== Ang sumusunod na talahanayan ay hanay ng mga patinig sa ibabaw at mga titik katinig sa gilid, ang tambalan ay nagpapakita ng lahat nga mga tambalang titik ng Tamil ''(uyirmei)''. {| class="wikitable" lang="ta" style="text-align: center" |- ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" scope="col" | {{lang|en|Tholkapyam<br/>Katinig (consonants)}} ! colspan="12" scope="col" | Patinig (vowels) |- ! scope="col" | அ<br/>a ! scope="col" | ஆ<br/>ā ! scope="col" | இ<br/>i ! scope="col" | ஈ<br/>ī ! scope="col" | உ<br/>u ! scope="col" | ஊ<br/>ū ! scope="col" | எ<br/>e ! scope="col" | ஏ<br/>ē ! scope="col" | ஐ<br/>ai ! scope="col" | ஒ<br/>o ! scope="col" | ஓ<br/>ō ! scope="col" | ஔ<br/>au |- !க் !k |க |கா |கி |கீ |கு |கூ |கெ |கே |கை |கொ |கோ |கௌ |- !ங் !ṅ |ங |ஙா |ஙி |ஙீ |ஙு |ஙூ |ஙெ |ஙே |ஙை |ஙொ |ஙோ |ஙௌ |- !ச் !c |ச |சா |சி |சீ |சு |சூ |செ |சே |சை |சொ |சோ |சௌ |- !ஞ் !ñ |ஞ |ஞா |ஞி |ஞீ |ஞு |ஞூ |ஞெ |ஞே |ஞை |ஞொ |ஞோ |ஞௌ |- !ட் !ṭ |ட |டா |டி |டீ |டு |டூ |டெ |டே |டை |டொ |டோ |டௌ |- !ண் !ṇ |ண |ணா |ணி |ணீ |ணு |ணூ |ணெ |ணே |ணை |ணொ |ணோ |ணௌ |- !த் !t |த |தா |தி |தீ |து |தூ |தெ |தே |தை |தொ |தோ |தௌ |- !ந் !n |ந |நா |நி |நீ |நு |நூ |நெ |நே |நை |நொ |நோ |நௌ |- !ப் !p |ப |பா |பி |பீ |பு |பூ |பெ |பே |பை |பொ |போ |பௌ |- !ம் !m |ம |மா |மி |மீ |மு |மூ |மெ |மே |மை |மொ |மோ |மௌ |- !ய் !y |ய |யா |யி |யீ |யு |யூ |யெ |யே |யை |யொ |யோ |யௌ |- !ர் !r |ர |ரா |ரி |ரீ |ரு |ரூ |ரெ |ரே |ரை |ரொ |ரோ |ரௌ |- !ல் !l |ல |லா |லி |லீ |லு |லூ |லெ |லே |லை |லொ |லோ |லௌ |- !வ் !v |வ |வா |வி |வீ |வு |வூ |வெ |வே |வை |வொ |வோ |வௌ |- !ழ் !ḻ |ழ |ழா |ழி |ழீ |ழு |ழூ |ழெ |ழே |ழை |ழொ |ழோ |ழௌ |- !ள் !ḷ |ள |ளா |ளி |ளீ |ளு |ளூ |ளெ |ளே |ளை |ளொ |ளோ |ளௌ |- !ற் !ṟ |ற |றா |றி |றீ |று |றூ |றெ |றே |றை |றொ |றோ |றௌ |- !ன் !ṉ |ன |னா |னி |னீ |னு |னூ |னெ |னே |னை |னொ |னோ |னௌ |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" lang="ta" |+{{lang|en|Talahanayan ng Grantha}} |- ! rowspan="2" colspan="2" scope="col" | {{lang|en|Grantha<br/>Katinig (consonants)}} ! colspan="12" scope="col" | {{lang|en|Patinig (Vowels)}} |- ! scope="col" | அ<br/>a ! scope="col" | ஆ<br/>ā ! scope="col" | இ<br/>i ! scope="col" | ஈ<br/>ī ! scope="col" | உ<br/>u ! scope="col" | ஊ<br/>ū ! scope="col" | எ<br/>e ! scope="col" | ஏ<br/>ē ! scope="col" | ஐ<br/>ai ! scope="col" | ஒ<br/>o ! scope="col" | ஓ<br/>ō ! scope="col" | ஔ<br/>au |- !ஶ் !ś |ஶ |ஶா |ஶி |ஶீ |ஶு |ஶூ |ஶெ |ஶே |ஶை |ஶொ |ஶோ |ஶௌ |- !ஜ் !j |ஜ |ஜா |ஜி |ஜீ |ஜு |ஜூ |ஜெ |ஜே |ஜை |ஜொ |ஜோ |ஜௌ |- !ஷ் !ṣ |ஷ |ஷா |ஷி |ஷீ |ஷு |ஷூ |ஷெ |ஷே |ஷை |ஷொ |ஷோ |ஷௌ |- !ஸ் !s |ஸ |ஸா |ஸி |ஸீ |ஸு |ஸூ |ஸெ |ஸே |ஸை |ஸொ |ஸோ |ஸௌ |- !ஹ் !h |ஹ |ஹா |ஹி |ஹீ |ஹு |ஹூ |ஹெ |ஹே |ஹை |ஹொ |ஹோ |ஹௌ |- !க்ஷ் !kṣ |க்ஷ |க்ஷா |க்ஷி |க்ஷீ |க்ஷு |க்ஷூ |க்ஷெ |க்ஷே |க்ஷை |க்ஷொ |க்ஷோ |க்ஷௌ |} ==Numero at simbolo== Bukod sa karaniwang mga numero (mula 0 hanggang 9), ang Tamil ay mayroon ding mga numero para sa 10, 100 at 1000. Ang mga simbolo para sa maliit na bahagi at iba pang mga konsepto na nakabatay sa bilang ay maaari ding makita din sa sumusunod na talahanayan<ref>Selvakumar, V. (2016). History of Numbers and Fractions and Arithmetic Calculations in the Tamil Region: Some Observations. ''HuSS: International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Sciences, 3(1)'', 27-35. https://doi.org/10.15613/HIJRH/2016/V3I1/111730</ref>. {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;" |- ! 0 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9 || 10 || 100 || 1000 |- | {{lang|ta|௦}} || {{lang|ta|௧}} || {{lang|ta|௨}} || {{lang|ta|௩}} || {{lang|ta|௪}} || {{lang|ta|௫}} || {{lang|ta|௬}} || {{lang|ta|௭}} || {{lang|ta|௮}} || {{lang|ta|௯}} || {{lang|ta|௰}} || {{lang|ta|௱}} || {{lang|ta|௲}} |} {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;" |- ! day || month || year || debit || credit || as above || rupee || numeral || time || quantity |- | {{lang|ta|௳}} || {{lang|ta|௴}} || {{lang|ta|௵}} || {{lang|ta|௶}} || {{lang|ta|௷}} || {{lang|ta|௸}} || {{lang|ta|௹}} || {{lang|ta|௺}} || {{lang|ta|ள}} || {{lang|ta|வ}} |} ==Sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Mga sistema ng pagsulat]] ifx50dnnqqe8y3u6ltehxjwvuv63fta 0 293117 2210216 2119403 2026-06-03T13:24:44Z InternetArchiveBot 113521 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2210216 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang isang '''rido''' ay tinutukoy na mga matinding uri ng isang salungatan tulad ng mga kaso ng '''blood''' '''feud''', '''vendetta''', '''faida''', '''clan war''', '''gang war''', o '''pribadong giyera''', ay isang matagal na pagtatalo o pakikipaglaban, nailalarawan sa pamamagitan ng silakbo ng paghihiganti ng karahasan sa pagitan ng [[Mag-anak|mga pamilya]] o [[angkan]] at mga kamag-anak na grupo pati na rin sa pagitan ng mga komunidad. Nagsisimula ang mga pag-aaway dahil ang isang partido (tama o hindi tama) ay nakikita ang sarili na na-atake, ininsulto, mali, o kung hindi man nasugatan ng iba. Ang matinding damdamin ng [[Karaingan|sama ng loob]] ay nag- uudyok sa paghahanap ng hustisya, na nagiging sanhi ng pakiramdam ng kabilang partido na sila ay naagrabyado angkinakailangan ang [[paghihiganti]] . Ang hindi pagkakaunawaan ay nagiging isang matagal na ikot ng paghihiganti ng [[karahasan]] . Ang patuloy na pag-ikot ng paghihikayat at paghihiganti ay napakahirap na tapusin ng matahimik at payapa. Ang mga pag-aalsa ay madalas na nagsasangkot sa mga orihinal na miyembro ng pamilya o mga kasama, maaaring tumagal ng mga henerasyon, at maaaring magresulta ng matinding [[karahasan]] . Maaari itong bigyang kahulugan bilang isang labis na paglaki ng mga ugnayang panlipunan batay sa [[:en:Family honor|karangalan ng pamilya]] . Hanggang sa [[Makabagong kasaysayan|unang bahagi ng modernong panahon]], ang rido ay itinuturing na mga lehitimong legal na mga instrumento <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.manaraefan.co.uk/index_files/Page3400.htm|title=Revenue, Lordship, Kinship & Law|publisher=Manaraefan.co.uk|date=|accessdate=2012-07-26|archive-date=2012-03-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325033932/http://www.manaraefan.co.uk/index_files/Page3400.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> at ito ay kinokontrol sa ilang mga grado. Halimbawa, tinawag ng kulturang [[:en:Serbs|Serbia]] na ''krvna osveta'' ito, na nangangahulugang "paghihiganti ng dugo", na hindi binibigkas ngunit lubos na pinahahalagahan ang mga patakaran. <ref>{{cite book|last=Boehm|first=Christopher|title=Blood Revenge: The Anthropology of Feuding in Montenegro and Other Tribal Societies|url=https://archive.org/details/bloodrevengeanth00unse|year=1984|publisher=The University of Kansas|location=Lawrence, Kansas|isbn=978-0-7006-0245-2}}</ref> Sa mga lipunang panlipi, ang pagkagalit ng dugo, kasabay ng pagsasagawa ng pagtubos ng dugo, ay gumagalaw bilang isang mabisang pag-kontrol sa lipunan para sa paglilimita at pagtatapos ng mga salungatan sa pagitan ng mga indibidwal at grupo na nauugnay sa pagiging kamag- anak, tulad ng inilarawan ng antropologo na si [[:en:Max Gluckman|Max Gluckman]] sa kanyang artikulong "The Kapayapaan sa Rido " (The Peace in the Feud)<ref>Gluckman, Max. "The Peace in the Feud". ''Past and Present'', 1955, 8(1):1-14</ref> noong 1955. == Paghiganti sa dugo == Ang isang kaguluhan sa '''dugo''' ay isang bayolenteng pakikipagtalo na may paulit ulit ng paghihiganti, kasama ang mga kamag-anak o mga kasama ng isang tao na pinatay o kung hindi man napagkamalan o napahiya at naghahanap ng paghihiganti sa pamamagitan ng pagpatay o kung hindi man pisikal na parusahan ang mga salarin o kanilang mga kamag-anak. Sa [[:en:English-speaking world|mga nagsasalita ng Ingles]], ang salitang Italyano na '''''vendetta''''' ay ginagamit upang mangahulugan ng isang paghihiganti sa dugo; sa ''wikang'' Italyano, gayunpaman, ito ay nangangahulugan lamang (personal) "paghihiganti" o "gumanti", na nagmula sa [[Wikang Latin|Latin]] na ''vindicta'' ( [[wiktionary:vengeance|paghihiganti]] ), samantalang ang salitang ''[[wiktionary:faida|faida ay]]'' magiging mas angkop para sa isang paghihiganti sa dugo. Sa mga nagsasalita ng Ingles, ang "vendetta" ay pinalawak na kung minsan ay nangangahulugang anumang iba pang matagal na pagkagalit, hindi kinakailangang kasangkot ang pagdanak ng dugo. Minsan hindi ito kapwa nauunawaan, ngunit sa halip ay tumutukoy sa isang matagal na serye ng mga galit na gawa ng isang tao laban sa iba nang walang gantihan. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/vendetta|title=Definition of vendetta|work=Merriam-Webster dictionary online|publisher=Merriam-Webster.com|date=|accessdate=2015-08-29}}</ref> === Kasaysayan === Karaniwan ang mga paghihiganti sa dugo sa mga lipunan na may mahinang patakaran ng batas (o kung saan hindi itinuturing ng estado ang sarili na may pananagutan na mamagitan ng ganitong uri ng pagtatalo), kung saan ang relasyon ng pamilya at kamag-anak ang pangunahing awtoridad . Ang isang buong pamilya ay itinuturing na responsable para sa mga aksyon ng alinman sa mga miyembro nito. Minsan ang dalawang magkakahiwalay na mga sangay ng parehong pamilya ay nag-aaway, o mas masahol pa, sa ilang pagtatalo. [[Talaksan:1673_Heintz_Wettstreit_auf_der_Ponte_dei_Pugni_in_Venedig_anagoria.JPG|thumb| Si Ponte dei Pugni ("Bridge of Fists") sa [[Lungsod ng Venezia|Venice ay]] ginamit ng mga magkaribal na koponan upang mag-sagawa ng suntukan ]] Ang kasanayan ay halos nawala sa mas maraming sentralisadong lipunan kung saan ang [[pagpapatupad ng batas]] at [[Batas na pangkrimen|batas ng kriminal ay]] ang may responsibilidad para parusahan ang mga hindi tumutupad sa batas. Sa [[Sinaunang Gresya|sinaunang Gresya ng]] [[:en:Homeric|Homeric]], ang pagsasagawa ng pansariling paghihiganti laban sa mga may pagkakamali ay itinuturing na natural at kaugalian: "Ang naka-baon sa moralidad ng mga Griyego na ang pagbawi ay ang karapatan ng paghihiganti. . . Ang rido ay isang digmaan, tulad na ang digmaan ay isang hindi tiyak na serye ng mga paghihiganti; at ang gayong mga gawa ng paghihiganti ay parurusahan ng mga diyos ". <ref>{{citation|first=John Gwyn|last=Griffiths|title=The Divine Verdict: A Study of Divine Judgement in the Ancient Religions|year=1991|page=90|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-09231-0}}</ref> Sa sinaunang konteksto ng [[:en:History of ancient Israel and Judah|Hebraic]], itinuturing na tungkulin ng indibidwal at pamilya na maghiganti ng kasamaan sa ngalan ng Diyos. Ang tagapagpatupad ng batas ng paghihiganti sa dugo na personal na pumatay sa unang nakapatay ay binibigyan ng isang espesyal na pagtukoy: ''[[:en:Goel|go'el haddam]]'', ang tagapaghiganti ng dugo o tagapagtubos ng dugo ( [[Aklat ng mga Bilang|Aklat ng Mga Bilang]] 35: 19, atbp. ). Ang anim na [[:en:Cities of Refuge|Lungsod ng Pagbalik]] ay itinatag upang magbigay ng proteksyon at [[:en:Due process|angkop na proseso]] para sa anumang hindi sinasadya na mga pagpaslang. Ang tagapaghiganti ay ipinagbabawal na saktan ang hindi sinasadyang nakapatay kung ang pumatay ay nagtago sa isa sa mga lungsod na ito. Tulad ng ''sinasabi'' ng ''Oxford Companion to the Bible'' : "Yamang ang buhay ay tiningnan bilang sagrado ( [[Aklat ng Genesis|Genesis]] 9.6), walang halaga ng [[:en:blood money|perang dugo]] ang maaaring ibigay bilang gantimpala para sa pagkawala ng buhay ng isang inosenteng tao; dapat itong maging [[Mata sa mata|'buhay para sa buhay ']] ( [[Aklat ng Exodo|Exodo]] 21.23; [[Deuteronomio]] 19.21) ". <ref>{{citation|title=The Oxford Companion to the Bible|first1=Bruce M.|last1=Metzger|first2=Michael D.|last2=Coogan|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=1993|page=68|isbn=978-0-19-504645-8|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195046458|accessdate=2019-11-27}}</ref> [[Talaksan:Hoher_atlas_dadestal.jpg|thumb| Isang [[:en:Kasbah|kasbah]] sa lambak ng Dades, [[:en:High Atlas|Mataas na Atlas]] . Ayon sa kasaysayan, ang pagpaparusa sa tribo at pagiging bandido ay isang paraan ng pamumuhay para sa mga Berber ng Morocco. Bilang resulta, daan-daang mga sinaunang kasbahs ang itinayo. ]] === Mga rido sa modernong panahon === [[Talaksan:Jally_Cultural_Society_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb| Ang kultura ng pakikidigmang tribo sa tribo ay matagal nang naroroon sa [[Bagong Ginea|New Guinea]] . ]] Ang rido ay nangyayari pa rin sa ilang mga lugar sa: * Pransya (lalo na ang [[Corsica]] at sa loob ng mga pamayanan ng Manush ) * Ireland (lalo na si [[Dublin]] at Limerick ) * Sa Hilagang Irlandia sa pagitan ng Ireland ng republikano at mga komunidad ng pagiging loyal ng Ulster ; lalo na sa The Troubles * Timog Italya (lalo na ang [[Sicilia|Sicily]], [[Campania]], [[Calabria]], [[Apulia]] at iba pang mga lugar ng parehong teritoryo) <ref>"[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/police-search-calabrian-village-as-murders-are-linked-to-clan-feud-461917.html Police search Calabrian village as murders are linked to clan feud]", ''The Independent'' {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226231852/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/police-search-calabrian-village-as-murders-are-linked-to-clan-feud-461917.html|date=February 26, 2009}}</ref> * [[Gresya|Greece]] ( Mani at [[Creta|Crete]] ) <ref>Murphy, Brian. "[http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19990114&slug=2938763 Vendetta Victims: People, A Village — Crete's 'Cycle Of Blood' Survives The Centuries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003210956/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19990114&slug=2938763 |date=2012-10-03 }}" ''[[The Seattle Times]]''. Retrieved 1999-01-14.</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Tsantiropoulos, Aris|url=http://www.pbs.plymouth.ac.uk/solon/journal/issue%202.1/Tsantiropoulos_Article_final%5B1%5D%5B1%5D.pdf|title=Collective Memory and Blood Feud; The Case of Mountainous Crete|work=Crimes and Misdemeanours|volume=2/1|year=2008|publisher=University of Crete|issn=1754-0445|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331102316/http://www.pbs.plymouth.ac.uk/solon/journal/issue%202.1/Tsantiropoulos_Article_final%5B1%5D%5B1%5D.pdf|archivedate=2012-03-31}}</ref> * Sa pagitan ng mga White British, British Asian o Black British na mga pamilya na nagtatrabaho sa klase, mga grupo ng krimen at angkan sa buong British Isles. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://local.stv.tv/glasgow/136848-men-jailed-for-clydebank-murder-following-family-feud/|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130419165923/http://local.stv.tv/glasgow/136848-men-jailed-for-clydebank-murder-following-family-feud/|url-status=dead|archive-date=2013-04-19|title=Men jailed for Clydebank murder following family feud|work=STV News|date=2009-11-12|accessdate=2015-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/paddy-conroy-feud-sayers-family-1424350|title=Paddy Conroy on his feud with Sayers family|author=Warburton, Dan|date=2013-02-26|work=[[Evening Chronicle]]|publisher=ChronicleLive.co.uk|accessdate=2015-02-18|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225001937/http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/paddy-conroy-feud-sayers-family-1424350|archivedate=2014-12-25}}</ref> Ang mga kaguluhan sa gitna ng mga manlalakbay na Traveler ay medyo pangkaraniwan din sa buong British Isles. <ref>[https://www.irishnews.com/news/2018/05/12/news/father-and-son-jailed-over-traveller-feud-wedding-shooting-1328047/ Father and son jailed over fatal Traveller 'feud' wedding shooting - The Irish News<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> . Maramihang mga pamayanan ng diaspora ay nakikibahagi din sa pakikipagtalo, tulad ng mga pamayanang Turko at Kurd . * Sa pagitan ng mga karibal na pamilya ng krimen sa [[Galicia (Espanya)|Galicia, Spain]] * Sa pagitan ng tinatawag na ''woonwagenbewoners'' (etniko na Dutch na naninirahan sa mga mobile na bahay ) sa [[Netherlands]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.volkskrant.nl/leven/afschaffen-bepleit-van-aparte-aanpak-woonwagenbewoners-eigen-cultuur-van-bewoners-woonwagenkampen-is-illusie~a501678/|title=Afschaffen bepleit van aparte aanpak woonwagenbewoners 'Eigen cultuur van bewoners woonwagenkampen is illusie'|author=van Dinther, Mac|work=De Volkskrant|date=1997-07-22|accessdate=2015-02-18}}</ref> * Kabilang sa mga clan ng Kurdano at Turkish sa [[Turkey]] (pati na rin sa pagitan ng mga clan ng Kurd sa [[Iraq]] at [[Iran]] ) <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/24/world/threats-responses-northern-iraq-feud-between-kurdish-clans-creates-its-own-war.html|title=Feud Between Kurdish Clans Creates Its Own War|author=Chivers, C. J.|work=The New York Times|date=2003-02-24|accessdate=2015-08-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2008/0603/p01s01-wome.html|title=In Turkey, a lone peacemaker ends many blood feuds|author=Schleifer, Yigal|work=The Christian Science Monitor|publisher=CSMonitor.com|date=2008-06-03|accessdate=2015-08-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://family.jrank.org/pages/1026/Kurdish-Families-Kurdish-Marriage-Patterns.html|title=Kurdish Families — Kurdish Marriage Patterns|publisher=family.JRank.org|date=|accessdate=2012-07-26}}</ref> * Sa pagitan ng Turkish Cypriots * Sa pagitan ng mga karibal na mga lipi sa hilagang [[Albanya|Albania]] at [[Kosovo]] * Sa pagitan ng mga tribong Aboriginal ng Canada * Kabilang sa mga [[Pashtun]]s sa [[Afghanistan]] <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/independent-appeal-the-afghan-peace-mission-1837395.html|title=Independent Appeal: The Afghan peace mission|author=Sengupta, Kim|work=[[The Independent]]|publisher=Independent.co.uk|date=2009-12-10|accessdate=2012-07-26|location=London}}</ref> * Kabilang sa mga Tribo ng Montenegro <ref>{{cite web|url=http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2005/05/22/srpski/H05052101.shtml|title=Osvetio jedinca posle 14 godina [Revenge Killing after 14 years]|author=Veselin Konjević|work=Глас Jавности [Glas Javnosti]|accessdate=2015-08-29|archive-date=2012-01-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114173806/http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2005/05/22/srpski/H05052101.shtml|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Kabilang sa mga lipi ng Somali <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Somali-feuding-tit-for-tat-20040119|title=Somali feuding 'tit-for-tat'|publisher=[[News24]].com|location=[[South Africa]]|date=2004-01-19|accessdate=2015-08-29|archive-date=2015-10-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151018000913/http://www.news24.com/Africa/News/Somali-feuding-tit-for-tat-20040119|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Talaksan:Omo_River_Valley_IMG_0463.jpg|thumb| Isang armadong lalaki ng [[Wikang Karo|tribo]] ng [[Wikang Karo|Karo]] ng Ethiopia ]] * Kabilang sa Berber ng [[Algeria]] at [[Morocco]] <ref>{{cite book|author=Wilkin, Anthony.|title=Among the Berbers of Algeria|place=London|publisher=T. Fisher Unwin|year=1900|pages=253|url=https://archive.org/details/amongberbersofal00wilk}}</ref> * Sa pagitan ng [[Yoruba]] at Igbo clans sa lupain sa [[Nigeria]] <ref>"[http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L05457895.htm Nigeria deploys troops after 14 killed in land feud]" Reuters {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081008013503/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L05457895.htm|date=October 8, 2008}}</ref> * Sa pagitan ng mga lipi sa India <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/NF29Df02.html|title=India's gangster nation|work=Asia Times Online|publisher=ATimes.com|accessdate=2015-02-18|archive-date=2012-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120628201015/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/NF29Df02.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> at sa pagitan ng mga karibal na mga tribo sa hilaga-silangan na estado ng [[Assam|India]] ng [[Assam]] * Kabilang sa mga pamilya ni Sikh sa [[Punjab, India|Punjab]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.apnaorg.com/articles/sandhu-1/|title=The Voice from the Rural Areas: Muslim-Sikh Relations in the British Punjab, 1940-47|publisher=Academy of the Punjab in North America (APNAorg.com)|accessdate=2015-02-18|archive-date=2015-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218203944/http://www.apnaorg.com/articles/sandhu-1/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Sa pagitan ng mga kamag-anak ni Mirpuri sa Azad Kashmir (pati na rin sa pagitan ng British Pakistanis ng kagalingan ng Mirpuri sa [[Inglatera|England]] ) <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/may/21/british-family-shot-dead-pakistan|location=London|work=The Guardian|first1=Declan|last1=Walsh|first2=Helen|last2=Carter|first3=Paul|last3=Lewis|title=Mother, father and daughter gunned down in cemetery on visit to Pakistan|date=2010-05-21|accessdate=2015-08-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2001/jan/21/tonythompson.theobserver|location=London|work=The Guardian|first=Tony|last=Thompson|title=Asian blood feuds spill into Britain|date=2001-01-20|accessdate=2015-08-29}}</ref> * Kabilang sa mga karibal na lipi sa Tsina, at lalo na sa mga lalawigan ng [[Fujian]] at [[Guangdong]] <ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=nb0NAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA239&lpg=PA239&dq=guangdong+++blood+feuds#v=onepage&q=guangdong%20%20%20blood%20feuds&f=false|title=Chinese Democracy: The Self-government Movement in Local, Provincial and National Politics, 1905-1914|last=Fincher|first=John H.|publisher=Croom Helm|year=1981|accessdate=18 February 2015|isbn=9780709904632}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/01/17/world/clan-feuds-an-old-problem-are-still-threatening-chinese.html|title=Clan Feuds, an Old Problem, Are Still Threatening Chinese|work=The New York Times|author=[[Sheryl WuDunn|WuDunn, Sheryl]]|date=1993-01-17|accessdate=2015-08-29}}</ref> * Sa [[Pilipinas]] <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/26/world/asia/26iht-phils.1.8066447.html|title=Clan feuds fuel separatist violence in Philippines, study shows|author=Conde, Carlos H.|work=The New York Times|date=2007-10-26|accessdate=2015-08-29}}</ref> (lalo na sa [[Mindanao|Mindanao sa]] pagitan ng mga Muslim na [[Moro (Pilipinas)|Moro]] at mga Kristiyanong [[Mga Cebuano|Cebuano]] ) <ref>http://www.afrim.org.ph/minda-news-page.php?nid=1492{{Dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> * Sa pagitan ng mga lipi ng [[Burakumin]] sa Japan <ref>{{cite book|url=http://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=19714&fileOId=1693368|title=Burakumin and Shimazaki Tōson's ''Hakai'': Images of Discrimination in Modern Japanese Literature|author=Andersson, René|publisher=Lund University|place=Lund, Sweden|isbn=978-91-628-4538-4|accessdate=2015-08-29|year=2000}}</ref> * Sa mga walang kautusan Wa teritoryo ng hilagang [[Myanmar|Burma]] * Kabilang sa mga Arab Bedouins at iba pang mga tribo ng [[Mga Arabe|Arab na]] naninirahan sa mga bundok ng [[Yemen]] <ref name="WashingtonPost">{{cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/09/AR2007080902412.html|title=In the Land of the Blood Feuds|author=Raghavan, Sudarsan|work=The Washington Post|date=2007-08-10|accessdate=2015-08-29}}</ref> * Sa pagitan ng mga [[Shiismo|Shiites]] at [[Sunismo|Sunnis]] sa [[Iraq]] <ref name="WashingtonPost" /> * Kabilang sa mga lipi ng [[Mga Palestino|Palestinian]] sa Gaza <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/focus-fierce-gunbattle-in-palestinian-blood-feud-claims-nine-lives-1.65408|title=Focus / Fierce Gunbattle in Palestinian Blood-feud Claims Nine Lives|author=Hass, Amira|date=2001-07-29|work=[[Haaretz]]|accessdate=2015-02-18|archive-date=2015-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218225335/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/focus-fierce-gunbattle-in-palestinian-blood-feud-claims-nine-lives-1.65408|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Sa pagitan ng mga lipi ng Maronite, <ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19901031&id=PaRUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JJADAAAAIBAJ&pg=4435,4845805|title=Maronite power crumbles in Lebanon|author=Nassar, Farouk|date=1990-10-31|accessdate=2015-02-18}}</ref> at sa pagitan ng mga [[Shiismo|Shiites]] at [[Sunismo|Sunnis]], sa [[Lebanon]] * Sa pagitan ng mga pamilya ni Mhallami sa [[Lebanon]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.taz.de/!29830/|title=Libanesische Familienclans: Mord mit Ankündigung|publisher=taz.de|work=Die Tageszeitung|accessdate=2015-02-18}}</ref> * Sa timog na [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/tribe/tribes/nyangatom/index.shtml|title=The Nyangatom|work=[[Tribe (UK TV series)|Tribe]]|publisher=BBC.co.uk|accessdate=2015-08-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/7109077.stm|title=No guns at Ethiopian peace talks|author=Blunt, Elizabeth|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC.co.uk|date=2007-11-24|accessdate=2015-08-29}}</ref> * Kabilang sa mga tribo ng highland ng [[Bagong Ginea|New Guinea]] <ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/low/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/4181042.stm|title=Deadly twist to PNG's tribal feuds|author=Squires, Nick|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC.co.uk|date=2005-08-25|accessdate=2015-08-29}}</ref> * Sa Svaneti, sa [[Georgia (bansa)|Georgia]] (lalo na sa pagitan ng mga Svan clans) <ref>{{cite web|url=http://eng.expertclub.ge/portal/cnid__10378/alias__Expertclub/lang__en/tabid__2546/default.aspx|title=Theoretical justification of ethnic cleansing in modern Abkhazian historiography|publisher=ExpertClub.ge|author=Toria, Malkhaz|date=2011-11-25|accessdate=2015-08-29|archive-date=2018-01-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111052714/http://eng.expertclub.ge/portal/cnid__10378/alias__Expertclub/lang__en/tabid__2546/default.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> * Sa mga bulubunduking lugar ng [[Dagestan]] * Sa pagitan ng mga Kyrgyz at ang mga pamilya ng Uzbek <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jun/20/kyrgyzstan-uzbekistan-ethnic-civil-war|title=Uzbeks in desperate plea for aid as full horror of ethnic slaughter emerges|author=Harding, Luke|work=The Guardian|publisher=TheGuardian.com|date=2010-06-26|accessdate=2015-08-29}}</ref> * Sa pagitan ng mga lipi ni Yazidi sa [[Armenia]] at [[Azerbaijan]] {{Fact|date=August 2015}} * Sa mga republika ng hilagang [[Kaukasya|Caucasus]] tulad ng [[Chechnya]] at [[Ingushetia]] <ref>Vatchagaev, Mairbek (2012-11-15). [https://jamestown.org/program/chechen-and-ingush-leaders-feud-over-burial-of-slain-insurgents-2/ Chechen and Ingush Leaders Feud over Burial of Slain Insurgents] ''Eurasia Daily Monitor''. The Jamestown Foundation. Retrieved 2019-06-08.</ref> * Kabilang sa mga cheeks ng Chechen kung saan ang mga naghahanap ng paghihiganti ay hindi tumatanggap o nirerespeto ang lokal na awtoridad sa pagpapatupad ng batas ==== Pilipinas ==== Ang mga kaguluhan sa pamilya at angkan, na kilala bilang ''rido'', ay nailalarawan sa pamamagitan ng pagsilakbo ng paghihiganti ng karahasan sa pagitan ng mga pamilya at mga pangkat ng mag-anak, pati na rin sa pagitan ng mga komunidad. Maaari itong maganap sa mga lugar kung saan mahina ang pamahalaan o isang sentral na awtoridad, pati na rin sa mga lugar na kung saan mayroong isang kakulangan ng hustisya at seguridad. ''Ang Rido'' ay isang termino ng [[Wikang Mëranaw|Maranao na]] karaniwang ginagamit sa [[Mindanao]] upang sumangguni sa mga [[Mindanao|kaguluhan]] sa angkan. Ito ay itinuturing na isa sa mga pangunahing problema sa Mindanao dahil, bukod sa maraming mga nasasawi, ang ''rido'' ay nagdudulot ng pagkawasak ng mga pag-aari, pagkasira ng lokal na ekonomiya, at mga nagkakahiwalay na pamilya. Matatagpuan sa timog Pilipinas, ang Mindanao ay tahanan ng nakararami na pamayanang Muslim ng bansa, at kasama ang [[Rehiyong Awtonomo ng Muslim Mindanao|Autonomous Region sa Muslim Mindanao]] . Ang Mindanao "ay isang rehiyon na nagdurusa sa mahinang imprastraktura, mataas na kahirapan, at karahasan na umangkin sa buhay ng higit sa 120,000 sa huling tatlong dekada." Mayroong isang malawak na ginawang ''stereotype'' na ang karahasan ay gawa ng armadong grupo na nagsasagawa ng terorismo upang mapalawak pa ang kanilang mga layunin sa politika, ngunit ang tunay na sitwasyon ay mas kumplikado. Habang ang hidwaan ng Muslim-Kristiyano at ang mga salungatan sa estado-rebelde ay namumuno sa mga tanyag na pang-unawa at atensyon ng media, isang survey na inatasan ng [[:en:The Asia Foundation|The Asia Foundation]] noong 2002 - at higit na napatunayan ng isang kamakailan-lamang na survey ng [[:en:Social Weater Stations|Social Weater Stations]] - inihayag na ang mga mamamayan ay mas nababahala tungkol sa paglaganap ng ''rido'' at ang negatibong epekto nito sa kanilang mga komunidad kaysa sa salungatan sa pagitan ng estado at mga rebeldeng grupo. Ang kapus-palad na pakikipag-ugnayan at kasunod na pagkalito ng karahasang base sa ''rido'' na may secessionism, [[komunismo]] insurgency, banditry, pakikilahok ng militar at iba pang anyo ng armadong karahasan ay nagpapakita na ang karahasan sa Mindanao ay mas kumplikado kaysa sa karaniwang pinaniniwalaan. ''Ang Rido'' ay may mas malawak na mga implikasyon sa mga salungatan sa Mindanao, dahil may kaugaliang makipagugnayan sa mga hindi kanais-nais na paraan sa separatistang labanan at iba pang anyo ng armadong karahasan. Maraming armadong komprontasyon sa nakaraan na kinasasangkutan ng mga rebeldeng grupo at militar ang nagsimula ng isang lokal na ''rido'' . Ang mga pag-aaral na nabanggit sa itaas ay sinisiyasat ang paglaki ng ''rido na'' may intensyon na tulungan ang disenyo ng mga istratehikong pakikialam upang matugunan ang mga kaguluhan. ===== Mga Sanhi ===== Ang mga sanhi ng ''rido'' ay iba-iba at maaaring maging mas kumplikado sa konsepto ng isang lipunan ng karangalan at kahihiyan, isang mahalagang bahagi ng mga patakaran sa lipunan na matukoy ang mga tanggap na kasanayan sa mga apektadong komunidad. Ang mga nag-uudyok para sa mga di pagkakaunawaan ay mula sa mga maliit na pagkakasala, tulad ng pagnanakaw at pagbibiro, hanggang sa mas malubhang krimen, tulad ng pagpatay sa tao. Ito ay lalo pang pinalala ng mga pagtatalo sa lupa at mga karibal sa politika, ang pinaka-karaniwang sanhi ng ''rido'' . Ang paglaganap ng mga baril, kawalan ng pagpapatupad ng batas at mga tagapamagitan sa mga lugar na may hindi pagkakaunawaan, at isang hindi maayos na sistema ng hustisya ay higit na nag-aambag sa mga pagkakaroon ng ''rido'' . ===== Mga Istatistika ===== Ang mga pag-aaral sa ''rido ay nakapagtala'' ng isang kabuuang 1,266 mga kaso ng ''rido sa'' pagitan ng 1930s at 2005, na pumatay sa higit sa 5,500 katao at nakapagpaalis ng libu-libo. Ang apat na lalawigan na may pinakamataas na bilang ng mga insidente ng ''rido'' ay: [[Lanao del Sur]] (377), [[Maguindanao]] (218), [[Lanao del Norte]] (164), at [[Sulu]] (145). Ang mga insidente sa apat na probinsya ay nagkakaloob ng 71% ng kabuuang mga naitala na kaso. Nagpapakita din sa mga natuklasan na patuloy na pagtaas ng mga salungatan sa ''rido'' sa labing-isang lalawigan na sinuri mula 1980s hanggang 2004. Ayon sa mga pag-aaral, noong 2002-2007, 50% (637 kaso) ng kabuuang insidente ng ''rido ang'' nangyari, na katumbas ng halos 127 bagong kaso ng ''rido'' bawat taon. Sa kabuuang bilang ng mga kaso ng ''rido na'' naitala, 64% ay nananatiling hindi nalutas. ===== Paglutas ===== ''Ang mga'' salungatan sa ''Rido'' ay alinman ay nalutas, hindi nalutas, o muling nabuo. Bagaman ang karamihan sa mga kasong ito ay nananatiling hindi nalulutas, maraming mga resolusyon sa pamamagitan ng iba't ibang mga kaguluhan at mga mekanismo ng paglutas ng mga salungatan. Ang mga kasong ito ay maaaring magamit ang pormal na pamamaraan ng pamahalaan ng Pilipinas o ang iba't ibang mga sistema ng katutubo. Ang mga pormal na pamamaraan ay maaaring kasangkot sa mga opisyal na korte, mga opisyal ng lokal na pamahalaan, pulisya, at militar. Ang mga katutubong pamamaraan upang malutas ang mga salungatan ay karaniwang may kasamang mga pinuno ng matatanda na gumagamit ng lokal na kaalaman, paniniwala, at kasanayan, pati na rin ang kanilang sariling personal na impluwensya, upang matulungan ang pag-ayos at ibalik ang mga nasirang relasyon. Ang ilang mga kaso na gumagamit ng pamamaraang ito ay nagsasangkot ng pagbabayad ng [[:en:Blood money|pera ng dugo]] upang malutas ang salungatan. Kasama sa mga pinagbuting mekanismo ang pakikipagtulungan ng pamahalaan, relihiyoso, at tradisyonal na pinuno sa paglutas ng mga salungatan sa pamamagitan ng pagbuo ng mga magkakasamang grupo. Bukod dito, ang pagiging parte ng mga tradisyonal na proseso ng paglutas ng salungatan sa mga batas at ordinansa ay matagumpay sa diskarte ng pinagbuting pamamaraan. Ang iba pang mga pamamaraan ng resolusyon sa salungatan ay kinabibilangan ng pagtatatag ng mga tigil putukan at pakikialam ng mga organisasyon ng kabataan. == Mga kilalang labanan sa dugo == [[Talaksan:HatfieldClan.jpg|thumb| Ang angkan ng [[:en:Hatfield–McCoy feud|Hatfield]] noong 1897. ]] * [[Tatlong Kaharian|Tatlong panahon ng Kaharian]], naglalaban na mga warlord sa pagbagsak ng [[Dinastiyang Han]] (184-280 AD; China) * [[:en:Njáls saga|Ang alamat ni Njál]], isang pag-alala sa Iceland tungkol sa isang paglalaban sa dugo sa [[:en:Norsemen|Norse]] (960-1020; Iceland, Ireland at Norway) * Ang labanang [[:en:Clan Mackintosh|Mackintosh]] - [[:en:Clan Cameron|Cameron]] (1290s-1665; Scotland) * Ang [[:en:Battle of the North Inch|Labanan ng North Inch]] ; ang labanan ay kathang-isip sa nobelang ''[[:en:The Fair Maid of Perth|The Fair Maid of Perth]]'' ni [[Walter Scott|Sir Walter Scott]] ( [[:en:Michaelmas|Michaelmas]] 1396; Scotland) * Ang Bonville-Courtenay hindi pagkakaunawaan (1450s; England) * Ang paligsahan sa Percy-Neville (1450s; England) * Ang Mga Wars ng Rosas (1455–1487; Inglatera) * Ang Talbot - Berkeley hindi pagkakaunawaan (1455–1485 England) (kasabay ng mga Wars of the Rososes ) * Ang Gunn - Keith feud (1464-1978; Scotland) * Ang Campbell - MacDonald feud, kabilang ang Massacre ng Glencoe (1692; Scotland) * Ang Clan Forbes - Clan Gordon feud, (1500s-1571; Scotland) * Ang Clan Forbes - Clan Leslie feud, (1520s-1530s; Scotland) * Ang Clan Forbes - [[Aberdeen|Lungsod ng Aberdeen hindi]] pagkakaunawaan, (1529-1539; Scotland) * Ang Digmaang Tagaturo ng Regulator, (1839-1844, [[Republika ng Texas]] ) * Ang kaguluhan sa pamayanan ng Donnelly-Biddulph (1857-1818; [[Ontario, Canada|Ontario]], Canada) * Ang Digmaang Lincoln County (1878–1881; [[New Mexico]], Estados Unidos) * Ang Lincoln County Feud (1878-1890; [[West Virginia]], Estados Unidos) * Ang labanan sa Hatfield-McCoy (1878–1891; [[West Virginia]] & [[Kentucky]], Estados Unidos) * Ang Clanton / McLaury-Earp feud (tingnan din ang Earp Vendetta Ride ), na kilala rin bilang "Gunfight at OK Corral" (1881; [[Arizona]], Estados Unidos) * Ang Digmaang Pleasant Valley, na kilala rin bilang "Tonto Basin Feud" (1882-188; [[Arizona]], Estados Unidos) * Ang [[Al Capone|Capone]] - Moran feud, kabilang ang masaker sa Araw ng mga Puso (1925–1930; [[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]], Estados Unidos) * Ang Digmaang Castellammarese (1929–1931; [[Lungsod ng Bagong York|New York City, New York]] Estados Unidos) * Ang Labanan ng Strip ng Tilaw (1947-1951; [[Los Angeles, California]] Estados Unidos) * Ang Unang Colombo Family War (1960–1963; [[Lungsod ng Bagong York|New York City]], Estados Unidos) * Ang Ikalawang Digmaang Pamilya ng Colombo (1971-1975; [[Lungsod ng Bagong York|New York City]], Estados Unidos) * Ang Digmaang Riccobene (1982-1984; [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]], Estados Unidos) * Ang Ikatlong Colombo War (1991-1993; [[Lungsod ng Bagong York|New York City]], Estados Unidos) * Ang Ikalawang Digmaang Philadelphia Mafia (1991-1995; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Estados Unidos) * Ang Panloob na Digmaang Patriarca (1991-1996; [[Boston, Massachusetts]], Estados Unidos) * Mahusay na Digmaang Mafia (1981–1983; [[Sicilia|Sicily]], Italy) * Ang Feud ng Scampia (2004-2005; [[Napoles|Naples]], Italy) * Ang [[Masaker sa Maguindanao|Maguindanao Massacre]] (2009; [[Ampatuan, Maguindanao|Ampatuan]], [[Pilipinas|Philippines]] ) * Ang pagtatalo ng Limerick (2000-kasalukuyan; Limerick, Ireland) * Ang Montreal Mafia War (2009-kasalukuyan; karamihan sa mga [[Canada|lalawigan]] ng [[Canada]] ng [[Québec|Quebec]] at [[Ontario, Canada|Ontario]] ) == Sanggunian == {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} [[Kategorya:Karahasan]] [[Kategorya:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7cjisoo6qhpd528efezw8n5op8c61j9 0 295969 2210297 2208508 2026-06-04T03:45:32Z Allyriana000 119761 2210297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox pageant titleholder | name = Armi Kuusela | image = Armi-Kuusela-1972.jpg | caption = si Kuusela noong 1972 | birth_name = Armi Helena Kuusela | birth_date = {{nowrap|{{Birth date and age|df=y|1934|8|20}}}} | birth_place = [[Muhos]], Pinlandiya | height = {{height|m=1.65}} | weight = 49 kg | hair_color = Blonde | eye_color = Bughaw | title = {{nowrap|[[Suomen Neito]] 1952<br />[[Miss Universe 1952]]}} | competitions = [[Suomen Neito]] 1952<br />(Panalo)<br />[[Miss Universe 1952]]<br />(Panalo) }} Si '''Armi Helena Kuusela''' (ipinanganak 20 Agosto 1934) ay isang manggagawa sa [[kawanggawa]], modelo at ''beauty pageant titleholder'' na Pinlandes na kinoronahan bilang ang kauna-unahang Miss Universe noong [[Miss Universe 1952|1952]]. Si Kuusela ay nakoronahan din bilang Suomen Neito sa kaparehong taon.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=8 Setyembre 2006 |title=Armi Kuusela, Suomen Neito 1952 |trans-title=Armi Kuusela, Miss Finland 1952 |url=https://yle.fi/a/20-85318 |access-date=25 Setyembre 2025 |website=Elävä arkisto |language=fi}}</ref> Kalaunan ay binitawan ni Kuusela ang titulo bilang Miss Universe upang magpakasal sa Pilipinong negosyante na si Virgilio Hilario.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Lo |first=Ricky |date=28 Hunyo 2006 |title=A misty-eyed look at Armi Kuusela, the 1st Miss Universe |url=https://www.philstar.com/entertainment/2006/06/28/344221/misty-eyed-look-armi-kuusela-1st-miss-universe |access-date=25 Setyembre 2025 |website=[[Philippine Star]]}}</ref> == Buhay at pag-aaral == Ipinanganak si Kuusela sa munisipalidad ng Muhos sa mga magulang na Pinlandes na sina Aarne Kuusela at Martta Kuusela, na nagmamay-ari at nagpapatakbo ng isang maliit na negosyo, maliban noong ang kaniyang ama, isang pinalamutian na beterano, ay nakipaglaban para sa Pinlandiya noong [[Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=16 Disyembre 2014 |title=All about Armi Helena Kuusela: Miss Universe 1952 |url=https://www.telemundo.com/entretenimiento/miss-universe-2014/get-know-armi-helena-kuusela-miss-universe-1952-tmna792446 |access-date=25 Setyembre 2025 |website=Telemundo |language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Verma |first=Gunjan |date=6 Setyembre 2014 |title=First Miss Universe gave up her crown for marriage |url=https://www.femina.in/beauty-pageants/miss-universe/first-miss-universe-gave-up-her-crown-for-marriage/articleshow/41867031.cms |access-date=25 Setyembre 2025 |website=Femina |language=en}}</ref> Siya ang ika-apat na matanda sa anim na magkakapatid.<ref name=":1" /> Nag-aral si Kuusela ng elementarya at paaralang panggitna sa Muhos, at sa Porvoon Naisopisto Boarding School sa Porvoo, Pinlandiya.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1 Abril 2022 |title=110 vuotta koulutoimintaa – POMO-talon kevätlukukausi alkoi uudistetuissa toimitiloissa |trans-title=110 years of school operations – the spring semester at POMO House began in renovated premises |url=https://www.itavayla.fi/teksti/110-vuotta-koulutoimintaa--pomotalon-kevatlukukausi-alkoi-uudistetuissa-toimitiloissa-6.2.60143.c0010715b6 |access-date=4 Hunyo 2026 |website=Itavayla |language=fi}}</ref> Siya ay hindi inaasahang naimbitahan na lumahok sa pambansang patimpalak ng kagandahan ng Pinlandiya na Suomen Neito dahil ang ina ng kaniyang kasama sa ''boarding school'' ay tumugon sa isang pampublikong abiso na naghahanap ng perpektong kinatawan para sa Suomen Neito. Nang magwagi si Kuusela sa Suomen Neito noong 24 Mayo 1952, iginawad sa kaniya ang isang kahon ng tsokolate, isang gintong pulseras, at isang tiket na ''round trip'' mula sa Pan American Airways upang makalahok sa Miss Universe sa Estados Unidos.<ref name=":0" /> Buong pagkakaisang binoto ng mga hurado si Kuusela bilang Suomen Neito.<ref name=":0" /> ==Miss Universe== [[File:Armi-Kuusela-1952.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Armi-Kuusela-1952.jpg|left|thumb|Binati ni Kuusela ang mga tao sa harap ng Hotel Vaakuna sa Helsinki, Pinlandiya, 1952.]] Noong 17 Hunyo 1952, sinakyan ni Kuusela ang paglipad mula sa Helsinki patungong [[Long Beach, California]] kasama ang kaniyang nakakatandang kapatid na babae, upang makibahagi sa unang edisyon ng Miss Universe. Tatlumpung kandidata ang lumahok sa patimpalak na naganap noong 28 Hunyo 1952.<ref>{{Cite news |date=22 Hunyo 1952 |title=The 'UN of beauty' |language=en |pages=76 |work=Long Beach Independent |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/independent/123500035/ |access-date=25 Abril 2023 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Bilang Suomen Neito, nakuha ni Kuusela ang korona bilang Miss Universe sa edad na 17 taong gulang.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Coetzee |first=Nikita |date=16 Oktubre 2019 |title=This is what the very first Miss Universe pageant looked like 67 years ago! |url=https://www.news24.com/channel/the-juice/news/pageant/pics-this-is-what-the-very-first-miss-universe-pageant-looked-like-20191016-2 |url-status=live |access-date=4 Oktubre 2022 |website=Channel 24 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Becker |first=Bill |date=22 Hunyo 1952 |title=Miss Universe to be chosen at Long Beach |language=en |pages=7 |work=Asheville Citizen-Times |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10854103/asheville-citizen-times/ |access-date=6 Oktubre 2022 |via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Ilan sa kaniyang mga napalanunan ay isang bagong kotse, at isang kontrata mula sa Universal Studios.<ref name="Bell">{{cite web |last=Bell |first=Diane |date=5 Setyembre 2014 |title=La Jollan Was First 'Miss Universe' |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/entertainment/sdut-armi-kuusela-miss-universe-pagaent-first-finland-2014sep05-story.html |access-date=25 Setyembre 2025 |website=The San Diego Union-Tribune |language=en}}</ref> Bilang titulado, siya rin ay naging isang ''Goodwill Ambassador'' ng organisasyon. Noong taong iyon, nagbida rin si Kuusela sa isang pelikulang Pinlandes tungkol sa kaniya na pinamagatang ''Maailman kaunein tyttö'' (Ang Pinakamagandang Babae sa Mundo). Ginampanan ni Tauno Palo ang papel ni Jack Coleman, si Veikko Itkonen ang direktor, at si Mika Waltari ang nakatanggap ng mga kredito sa pagsusulat para sa pelikula.<ref name="Rappler">{{Cite news |title=IN PHOTOS: Miss Universe crowns through the years |language=en |work=[[Rappler]] |url=http://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/specials/miss-universe/159845-miss-universe-crowns-through-the-years-history-photos |access-date=25 Setyembre 2025}}</ref> ==Buhay pagkatapos ng Miss Universe== ===Kasal at buhay sa Pilipinas=== Noong ika-22 ng Pebrero 1953, naglalakbay si Kuusela sa buong mundo, kung saan nakilala niya ang negosyanteng Pilipino na si Virgilio Hilario. Mas mababa sa isang taon pagkatapos na makoronahan, pinili ni Kuusela na isuko ang kanyang korona ng Miss Universe noong 4 Mayo 1953 upang pakasalan si Hilario sa Tokyo matapos ang isang whirlwind panliligaw.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 Mayo 1953 |title=Now it's "Mrs." Universe |language=en |pages=1 |work=The Straits Times |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19530509-1.2.9?ST=1&AT=search&SortBy=Oldest&K=Miss+Universe&P=20&Display=0&filterS=0&QT=miss,universe&oref=article |access-date=11 Nobyembre 2022 |via=National Library Board}}</ref> Nagkita sila noong Marso sa isang sayaw sa Baguio, ang kabisera ng tag-init ng Pilipinas, nang si Kuusela bilang Miss Universe ay nagpunta sa bansa para sa International Trade Exposition. Nag-honeymoon sila sa Hawaiian Islands, nilibot ang Estados Unidos at pagkatapos ng Europa,<ref>{{cite news |title=Miss Universe Married To Filipino With Black Eye |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=llhTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KIUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3386%2C2513166 |newspaper=[[The Victoria Advocate]] |location=[[Victoria, Texas]] |date=5 May 1953 |at=p. 8, col. 3-4 |accessdate=2 December 2011}}</ref> before settling in [[Manila]], in the Philippines where they had five children:<ref name="muhos" /> bago manirahan sa Maynila, sa Pilipinas kung saan mayroon silang limang anak:<ref>{{cite web |title=La Jollan Was First 'Miss Universe' |url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/entertainment/sdut-armi-kuusela-miss-universe-pagaent-first-finland-2014sep05-story.html |last=Bell |first=Diane |website=sandiegouniontribune.com |date=5 September 2014 |publisher=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]] |access-date=31 May 2017}}</ref> Mamaya buhay Namatay si Hilario dahil sa isang atake sa puso noong ika-7 ng Setyembre 1975, at muling nag-asawa si Kuusela sa diplomat ng Amerikano na si Albert Williams noong ika-8 ng Hunyo 1978. Ang mag-asawa ay lumipat sa Barcelona, ​​pagkatapos ay sa Izmir, Turkey, bago manirahan sa La Jolla, isang pamayanan sa San Diego, California,. Estados Unidos. Bilang ng 2011, siya at ang kanyang asawa ay naninirahan pa rin doon.<ref>"IS vieraili upean Armi Kuuselan, 78, kotona Kaliforniassa." ''Ilta-Sanomat'' 18 December 2012.</ref> Noong 2012 si Kuusela ay iginawad sa Order of the White Rose ng Finland, na may ranggo ng Knight (First Class).<ref>[http://yle.fi/uutiset/armi_kuusela_kirjoitti_kotiin__muhos_odottaa_nyt_miss_universumin_vierailua/7359363 Armi Kuusela kirjoitti kotiin. Yle.fi], viitattu 17 April 2014</ref> Bumisita siya sa kanyang katutubong bayan ng Muhos noong Agosto 2014. Ang kanyang pagbisita ay isang opisyal na pagpupulong sa tagapamahala ng munisipalidad ng lungsod. Si Kuusela ay aktibo pa rin sa kanyang pamayanan, na nakikilahok sa mga kawanggawa at kasangkot sa pananaliksik sa kanser sa Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute.<ref name="muhos">{{cite web |title=Miss Universe 1952 – Armi Kuusela |url=http://www.muhos.fi/kunta/miss-universum-1952-armi-kuusela-2 |accessdate=20 November 2010 |publisher=muhos.fi |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070915030802/http://www.muhos.fi/kunta/miss-universum-1952-armi-kuusela-2 |archivedate=September 15, 2007}}</ref> == Mga sanggunian == {{Reflist}} ==Mga panlabas na kawing== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130925075702/http://www.missuniverse.com/contestant_profiles/past Official Miss Universe website – Past titleholders] {{Miss Universe titleholders}} [[Kategorya:Miss Universe]] [[Kategorya:Ipinanganak noong 1934]] plhrzsaemw3tl38u8bdpn5ofo6n51n8 0 301256 2210275 2017360 2026-06-03T23:43:49Z Aubreyjanev 159817 Nagdagdag ng impormasyon na may sanggunian 2210275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiple issues| {{update}} {{unreferenced|date=Agosto 2022}} {{cleanup|reason=Di nakasalin ang ibang Ingles na katawagan.|date=Agosto 2022}} }} {{Infobox officeholder | name = Leonor Magtolis Briones | honorific_prefix = [[The Honourable]] | image = DepEd Secretary Leonor Magtolis Briones.jpg | imagesize = | smallimage = | caption = Opisyal na larawan, 2016 | order = <!-- as Secretary of Education --> | office = Ika-37 [[Secretary of Education (Philippines)|Kalihim ng Edukasyon]] | term_start = Hunyo 30, 2016 | term_end = Hunyo 30, 2022 | president = [[Rodrigo Duterte]] | predecessor = [[Armin Luistro|Br. Armin A. Luistro, FSC]] | successor = [[Vice President of the Philippines|Vice Pres.]] [[Sara Duterte]] | office2 = Ika-21 Tesorero ng Pilipimas | president2 = [[Joseph Estrada]] | term_start2 = Agosto 1998 | term_end2 = Enero 19, 2001 | predecessor2 = Caridad Valdehuesa | successor2 = Eduardo Sergio Gonzales Edeza <!-- Personal details -->| birth_name = Leonor Mirasol Magtolis | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1940|10|16}} | birth_place = [[Guihulngan]], [[Negros Oriental]], [[Commonwealth of the Philippines|Philippine Commonwealth]] | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = [[Filipino people|Filipino]] | party = <!--A [https://www.inquirer.net/duterte/cabinet 2016 profile] of Briones does not include PDP–Laban among her political party affiliations.--> | spouse = | relations = | children = | residence = [[Valencia, Negros Oriental|Valencia]], [[Negros Oriental]] | alma_mater = [[Silliman University]] ([[Bachelor of Business Administration|BBA]])<br>[[University of the Philippines Diliman]] ([[Master of Public Administration|MPA]])<br>[[Leeds University]] ([[Postgraduate diploma|PGDip]]) | occupation = [[Ekonomista]], [[Propesor]], [[Politiko]] | signature = Signature Leonor Briones.svg | website = | footnotes = }} Si '''Leonor "Liling" Mirasol Magtolis-Briones''' (pinanganak noong October 16, 1940) ay isang ay isang Pilipinong akademiko, ekonomista, at tagapaglingkod sibil na kasalukuyang nanunungkulan na Kalihim ng Edukasyon sa ilalim ng administrasyon ni Pangulong Rodrigo Duterte. Propesor din siya ng emeritus ng administrasyong pampubliko sa National College of Public Administration & Governance (NCPAG) ng [[Unibersidad ng Pilipinas, Diliman]] at chairman ng mga board of directors ng [[Pamantasang Silliman|Pamantasang Siliman]] sa [[Dumaguete|Lungsod ng Dumaguete,]] [[Negros Oriental]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Leonor Magtolis Briones |url=https://globalpeace.org/speaker/leonor-magtolis-briones/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=Global Peace Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref>. Siya ay dating Presidential Adviser for Social Development na may ranggo ng kalihim ng departamento at naging National Treasurer ng Pilipinas (pinuno ng Bureau of the Treasury) mula Agosto 1998 hanggang Pebrero 2001. {{uncategorized}} d9pe7xa2etyw7owol5qaqnmiysbc2k1 0 301938 2210261 2210137 2026-06-03T20:15:17Z InternetArchiveBot 113521 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2210261 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang sumusunod ay talaan ng mga [[comune]] ng Lalawigan ng [[Lalawigan ng Ancona|Ancona]], [[Marche]], sa [[Italya]]. {{Wikidata list|sparql= SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q747074 . ?item wdt:P131 wd:Q16114 . } |columns=P635:ISTAT,label/it:Comune,P2046:Lawak,P1082:Populasyon |section= |min_section= |sort=P635 |links=text |thumb= |autolist= |references=all |summary=itemnumber }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! ISTAT ! Comune ! Lawak ! Populasyon |- | 042001 | Agugliano | 21.89 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 4799<ref name="ref_204c1ab4d1a0f46b14b968d13f576127fa86a9e41d1d0ba263037aad950e7ebb">{{Cite web |url=http://demo.istat.it/pop2018/index3.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-10-03 |archive-date=2019-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190630220127/http://demo.istat.it/pop2018/index3.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | 042002 | Ancona | 124.84 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 98356<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042003 | Arcevia | 128.33 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 4231<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042004 | Barbara | 11.04 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 1271<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042005 | Belvedere Ostrense | 29.45 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 2093<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042006 | Camerano | 20 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 7084<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042007 | Camerata Picena | 11.89 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 2486<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042008 | Castelbellino | 6.05 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 4919<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042010 | Castelfidardo | 33.39 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 18419<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042011 | Castelleone di Suasa | 15.92 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 1552<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042012 | Castelplanio | 15.32 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 3531<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042013 | Cerreto d'Esi | 16.91 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 3374<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042014 | Chiaravalle | 17.6 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 14289<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042015 | Corinaldo | 49.28 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 4767<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042016 | Cupramontana | 27.4 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 4364<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042017 | Fabriano | 272.08 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 28918<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042018 | Falconara Marittima | 25.82 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 25530<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042019 | Filottrano | 71.2 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 8917<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042020 | Genga | 73.16 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 1682<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042021 | Jesi | 108.9 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 39137<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042022 | Loreto | 17.9 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 12899<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042023 | Maiolati Spontini | 21.49 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 5986<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042024 | Mergo | 7.28 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 996<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042025 | Monsano | 14.66 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 3289<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042026 | Montecarotto | 24.39 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 1836<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042027 | Montemarciano | 22.31 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 9762<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042029 | Monte Roberto | 13.51 kilometro kuwadrado<br/>13.57 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 3027<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042030 | Monte San Vito | 21.81 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 6704<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042031 | Morro d'Alba | 19.46 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 1798<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042032 | Numana | 10.94 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 3741<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042033 | Offagna | 10.63 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 2047<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042034 | Osimo | 106.74 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 34687<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042035 | Ostra | 47.25 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 6282<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042036 | Ostra Vetere | 30.02 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 3110<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042037 | Poggio San Marcello | 13.36 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 672<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042038 | Polverigi | 24.98 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 4582<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042040 | Rosora | 9.41 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 1818<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042041 | San Marcello | 25.78 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 1996<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042042 | San Paolo di Jesi | 10.11 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 894<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042043 | Santa Maria Nuova | 18.29 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 3942<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042044 | Sassoferrato | 137.23 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 6841<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042045 | Senigallia | 117.77 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 44019<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042046 | Serra de' Conti | 24.54 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 3559<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042047 | Serra San Quirico | 49.33 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 2540<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042048 | Sirolo | 16.68 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 4097<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |- | 042049 | Staffolo | 27.5 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5"/> | 2087<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 042050 | Trecastelli | 38.66 kilometro kuwadrado | 7500<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427"/> |} ---- &sum; 47 items. {{Wikidata list end}} == Sanggunian == {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Mga lalawigan ng Italya|Ancona]] kwl69weg108ewvpzmxbdoyhm0z8ixkz 0 302249 2210259 2209776 2026-06-03T19:42:44Z ListeriaBot 79921 Wikidata list updated [V2] 2210259 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang sumusunod ay talaan ng mga [[comune]] ng Lalawigan ng [[Lalawigan ng Catanzaro|Catanzaro]], [[Calabria]], sa [[Italya]]. {{Wikidata list|sparql= SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q747074 . ?item wdt:P131 wd:Q16159 . } |columns=P635:ISTAT,label/it:Comune,P2046:Lawak,P1082:Populasyon |section= |min_section= |sort=P635 |links=text |thumb= |autolist= |references=all |summary=itemnumber }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! ISTAT ! Comune ! Lawak ! Populasyon |- | 079002 | Albi | 29.64 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 790<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079003 | Amaroni | 9.88 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1660<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079004 | Amato | 20.93 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 793<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079005 | Andali | 17.87 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 637<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079007 | Argusto | 6.88 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 444<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079008 | Badolato | 37.07 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 2843<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079009 | Belcastro | 53.56 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1231<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079011 | Borgia | 42.38 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 7158<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079012 | Botricello | 15.48 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 4993<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079017 | Caraffa di Catanzaro | 24 kilometro kuwadrado<br/>25.05 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1743<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079018 | Cardinale | 30.12 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1829<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079020 | Carlopoli | 16.41 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1385<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079023 | Catanzaro | 112.72 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 84670<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079024 | Cenadi | 11.92 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 510<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079025 | Centrache | 7.96 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 342<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079027 | Cerva | 21.37 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1086<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079029 | Chiaravalle Centrale | 23.83 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 5098<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079030 | Cicala | 9.28 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 887<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079033 | Conflenti | 29.34 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1282<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079034 | Cortale | 30.01 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1866<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079036 | Cropani | 44.81 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 4674<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079039 | Curinga | 52.53 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 6501<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079042 | Davoli | 25.03 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 5546<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079043 | Decollatura | 50.83 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 2855<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079047 | Falerna | 24.04 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 3786<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079048 | Feroleto Antico | 22.38 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1955<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079052 | Fossato Serralta | 11.85 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 558<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079055 | Gagliato | 7.04 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 432<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079056 | Gasperina | 6.78 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1884<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079058 | Gimigliano | 33.55 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 2985<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079059 | Girifalco | 43.1 kilometro kuwadrado<br/>43.08 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 5495<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079060 | Gizzeria | 37.19 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 5065<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079061 | Guardavalle | 60.27 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 4117<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079063 | Isca sullo Ionio | 23.56 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1441<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079065 | Jacurso | 21 kilometro kuwadrado<br/>21.2 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 549<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079068 | Magisano | 31.94 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1106<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079069 | Maida | 58.34 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 4396<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079071 | Marcedusa | 15.68 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 380<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079072 | Marcellinara | 20.91 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 2146<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079073 | Martirano | 14.9 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 840<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079074 | Martirano Lombardo | 19.84 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 952<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079077 | Miglierina | 13.94 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 722<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079080 | Montauro | 11.74 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1773<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079081 | Montepaone | 16.85 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 5656<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079083 | Motta Santa Lucia | 26.3 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 798<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079087 | Nocera Terinese | 46.58 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 4715<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079088 | Olivadi | 7.17 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 488<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079089 | Palermiti | 18.38 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1057<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079092 | Pentone | 12.38 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1887<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079094 | Petrizzi | 21.9 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1010<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079095 | Petronà | 45.79 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 2365<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079096 | Pianopoli | 24.65 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 2484<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079099 | Platania | 26.84 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1973<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079108 | San Floro | 18.32 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 670<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079110 | San Mango d'Aquino | 6.89 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1442<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079114 | San Pietro a Maida | 16.45 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 3772<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079115 | San Pietro Apostolo | 11.72 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1520<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079116 | San Sostene | 32.49 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1401<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079117 | Santa Caterina dello Ionio | 40.69 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1923<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079118 | Sant'Andrea Apostolo dello Ionio | 21.43 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1900<ref name="ref_4101d67916181d7a61079c5a0a35c3ac045efad5d96c3748f8b41a6437aa90b9">''[[:d:Q214195|Istat]]''</ref><br/>1872<ref name="ref_204c1ab4d1a0f46b14b968d13f576127fa86a9e41d1d0ba263037aad950e7ebb">http://demo.istat.it/pop2018/index3.html</ref><br/>1701<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref><br/>1691<ref name="ref_85c53fa19adf081b668ce0bbdf5b4eb33e4ec5822a89e5b2dd5b678fff435836">https://www.citypopulation.de/en/italy/calabria/079__catanzaro/</ref><br/>1759<ref name="ref_85c53fa19adf081b668ce0bbdf5b4eb33e4ec5822a89e5b2dd5b678fff435836">https://www.citypopulation.de/en/italy/calabria/079__catanzaro/</ref><br/>1809<ref name="ref_85c53fa19adf081b668ce0bbdf5b4eb33e4ec5822a89e5b2dd5b678fff435836">https://www.citypopulation.de/en/italy/calabria/079__catanzaro/</ref><br/>2072<ref name="ref_85c53fa19adf081b668ce0bbdf5b4eb33e4ec5822a89e5b2dd5b678fff435836">https://www.citypopulation.de/en/italy/calabria/079__catanzaro/</ref><br/>2329<ref name="ref_85c53fa19adf081b668ce0bbdf5b4eb33e4ec5822a89e5b2dd5b678fff435836">https://www.citypopulation.de/en/italy/calabria/079__catanzaro/</ref><br/>2836<ref name="ref_85c53fa19adf081b668ce0bbdf5b4eb33e4ec5822a89e5b2dd5b678fff435836">https://www.citypopulation.de/en/italy/calabria/079__catanzaro/</ref><br/>3085<ref name="ref_85c53fa19adf081b668ce0bbdf5b4eb33e4ec5822a89e5b2dd5b678fff435836">https://www.citypopulation.de/en/italy/calabria/079__catanzaro/</ref><br/>3324<br/>4016<br/>4912<br/>5170<br/>5497<br/>4868<br/>4594<br/>4011<br/>3360<br/>3539<br/>3211 |- | 079122 | San Vito sullo Ionio | 17.17 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1613<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079123 | Satriano | 21.16 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 3364<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079126 | Sellia | 12.81 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 476<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079127 | Sellia Marina | 41.46 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 7615<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079129 | Serrastretta | 41.65 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 2923<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079130 | Sersale | 53.3 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 4250<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079131 | Settingiano | 14.35 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 3260<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079133 | Simeri Crichi | 46.74 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 4722<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079134 | Sorbo San Basile | 59.28 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 754<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079137 | Soverato | 7.79 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 8618<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079138 | Soveria Mannelli | 20.5 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 2835<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079139 | Soveria Simeri | 22.28 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1439<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079142 | Squillace | 34.33 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 3511<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079143 | Stalettì | 12.11 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 2353<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079146 | Taverna | 132.31 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 2522<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079147 | Tiriolo | 29.26 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 3581<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079148 | Torre di Ruggiero | 25.37 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 951<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079151 | Vallefiorita | 13.88 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1503<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079157 | Zagarise | 49.33 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 1425<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |- | 079160 | Lamezia Terme | 162.43 kilometro kuwadrado<ref name="ref_9437f1d6c0387314824b069620917f9c3c0a7419ec1d92d4ba16f78323dd2dc5">https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224</ref> | 67026<ref name="ref_1b601241dd90af30ab3d4acde8c4e9b3a69aa82cd06985501807e9221d46f427">https://demo.istat.it/?l=it</ref> |} ---- &sum; 80 items. {{Wikidata list end}} == Sanggunian == {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Mga lalawigan ng Italya|Catanzaro]] r3teq6kqvmmhndhrg61ygj7xzay9gi6 0 304044 2210326 2198184 2026-06-04T08:00:06Z ~2026-33102-02 162592 /* Mga istayong Pang radyo */ Clean up for CruzRamiss2002 2210326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = ABS-CBN Regional | logo = ABS-CBN Regional.png | type = Division | key_people = Veneranda Sy | industry = Broadcast Television | founded = {{start date and age|1988}} | defunct = {{end date and age|2020|08|28}} | parent = [[ABS-CBN]] | website = {{URL|https://facebook.com/abscbnregionalofficial/}} }} Ito ang mga '''listahan ng mga istasyon ng telebisyon at radyo na pag-aari o kaakibat ng [[ABS-CBN]]'''. Ang mga pagmamay-ari at pinatatakbo na mga telebisyon at istasyon ng telebisyon at radyo ng [[ABS-CBN Corporation]] ay pinangangasiwaan ng konglomerate na dibisyong, '''ABS-CBN Regional''' Tumigil ang operasyon ng ABS-CBN Regional sa 12 TV Patrol newscast at 10 palabas sa umaga ay nagpapakita ng kanilang huling brodkast noong Agosto 28, 2020 matapos ang halos 32 taon matapos ang pagtanggi ng mga batas nito noong Hulyo 10. <ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/life/08/26/20/12-regional-tv-patrol-programs-to-air-final-newscasts-on-august-28|title=12 regional 'TV Patrol' programs to air final newscasts on August 28|website=ABS-CBN News|date=August 26, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2020/08/28/news/latest-stories/historic-goodbyes-from-abs-cbn-regional/760333|title=Historic goodbyes from ABS-CBN Regional|website=The Manila Times|date=August 28, 2020|access-date=Nobiyembre 19, 2020|archive-date=Disyembre 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205003308/https://www.manilatimes.net/2020/08/28/news/latest-stories/historic-goodbyes-from-abs-cbn-regional/760333/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://interaksyon.philstar.com/politics-issues/2020/08/28/175840/tv-patrol-regional-stations-abscbn-reporters-bid-goodbye-after-years-in-public-service|title=TV Patrol's regional stations, ABS-CBN reporters bid goodbye after years in public service|website=Interaksyon|date=August 28, 2020}}</ref> == Free-to-air Television stations == === ABS-CBN === ==== Analog ==== ===== VHF ===== {| class="wikitable sortable" width="100%" !Branding !Callsign !TV !Uri !TPO ! class="unsortable" |Lokasyon (Transmitter) |- |ABS-CBN Manila |DWWX |2 |Nagmula |60&nbsp;kW |Sgt. Esguerra Ave., Diliman, [[Lungsod Quezon]] |- |ABS-CBN Baguio |D-3-ZO |3 |Nagmula |10&nbsp;kW |Mt. Sto. Tomas, [[Tuba, Benguet]] |- |ABS-CBN Mt. Province |D-11-ZZ |11 |Relay |5&nbsp;kW |Mt. Amuyao, [[Barlig, Mountain Province|Barlig]], [[Mountain Province]] |- |ABS-CBN Laoag |DWRD |7 |Relay{{ref|c}} |5&nbsp;kW |[[San Nicolas, Ilocos Norte]] |- |ABS-CBN Vigan |DZCG |11 |Relay |0.1&nbsp;kW |Mt. Caniao, [[Bantay, Ilocos Sur|Bantay]], [[Ilocos Sur]] |- |ABS-CBN Isabela |DWAI |2 |Relay{{ref|b}} |1&nbsp;kW |JECO Building, Maharlika Highway, [[Santiago, Isabela|Santiago City, Isabela]] |- |ABS-CBN Tuguegarao |DWAF |3 |Relay |1&nbsp;kW |Taft St. cor. Colleges Ave., [[Tuguegarao City]] |- |ABS-CBN Aparri |DWAX |9 |Relay |1&nbsp;kW |Hi-Class Bldg., De Rivera St., [[Aparri, Cagayan]] |- |ABS-CBN Batanes |DWCM |11 |Relay |1&nbsp;kW |[[Basco, Batanes]] |- |ABS-CBN Olongapo |D-12-ZT |12 |Relay |1&nbsp;kW |Upper Mabayuan, [[Olongapo City]] |- |ABS-CBN Botolan |D-13-ZA |13 |Relay |0.1&nbsp;kW |Brgy. Burgos, [[Botolan, Zambales]] |- |ABS-CBN Puerto Princesa |DYPR |7 |Nagmula/Kaakibat |0.1&nbsp;kW |Mabini cor. Valencia St.s, Brgy. Masipag, [[Puerto Princesa City]] |- |ABS-CBN Española |PA |10 |Relay |0.1&nbsp;kW |[[Sofronio Española]], [[Palawan]] |- |ABS-CBN Occidental Mindoro |DZAB |11 |Relay |1&nbsp;kW |Brgy. 1 Poblacion, [[San Jose, Occidental Mindoro]] |- |ABS-CBN Batangas |DZAD |10 |Nagmula |5&nbsp;kW | Mt. Banoy, [[Lungsod ng Batangas]] |- |ABS-CBN Catanduanes |DZAC |7 |Relay |1&nbsp;kW |Brgy. San Jose Poblacion, [[Virac, Catanduanes]] |- |ABS-CBN Sorsogon |DWAW |7 |Relay |0.1&nbsp;kW |Brgy. Buenavista, [[Sorsogon City]] |- |ABS-CBN Masbate |DYME |10 |Kaakibat |1&nbsp;kW |MCBC Broadcast Complex, Zurbito St., Tugbo, [[Masbate City]] |- |ABS-CBN Naga |DZNC |11 |Nagmula |10&nbsp;kW |Panganiban Drive, [[Naga, Camarines Sur|Naga City]] |- |ABS-CBN Legazpi |DZAE |4 |Relay |5&nbsp;kW |Mount Bariw, Estanza, [[Legazpi, Albay|Legazpi City]], [[Albay]] |- |ABS-CBN Tabaco |D-10-ZC |10 |Relay |0.025&nbsp;kW |Brgy. Tabaco, [[Tabaco|Tabaco City]] |- |ABS-CBN Bacolod |DYXL |4 |Nagmula |10&nbsp;kW |Mt. Kanlandog, [[Murcia]], [[Negros Occidental]] |- |ABS-CBN Kalibo |DYEZ |9 |Relay{{ref|a}} |1&nbsp;kW |C. Laserna St., Poblacion, [[Kalibo]], [[Aklan]] |- |ABS-CBN Iloilo |[[DYAF-TV|DYAF]] |10 |Nagmula |10&nbsp;kW |Brgy. Alaguisoc, [[Jordan, Guimaras]]**** |- |ABS-CBN Cebu |[[DYCB-TV|DYCB]] |3 |Nagmula |50&nbsp;kW |Mt. Busay, Brgy. Babag., [[Cebu City]] |- |ABS-CBN Bohol |D-9-YA |9 |Relay |0.1&nbsp;kW |Mt. Laco, [[Jagna, Bohol]] |- |ABS-CBN Dumaguete |DYMA |12 |Relay |0.1&nbsp;kW |[[Valencia, Negros Oriental]] |- |ABS-CBN Tacloban |DYAB |2 |Nagmula |5&nbsp;kW |Mt. Naga-Naga, [[Tacloban City]] |- |ABS-CBN Calbayog |DYDI |10 |Kaakibat |1&nbsp;kW |Pajarito St., [[Calbayog City]] |- |ABS-CBN Zamboanga |DXLL |3 |Nagmula |1&nbsp;kW |San Jose Road, [[Zamboanga City]] |- |ABS-CBN Pagadian |DXLM |9 |Kaakibat |0.1&nbsp;kW |Mount Palpalan, [[Pagadian City]] |- |ABS-CBN Cagayan de Oro |DXCS |4 |Nagmula |10&nbsp;kW |Macapagal Drive, Brgy. Bulua, [[Cagayan de Oro City]] |- |ABS-CBN Iligan |DXAG |4 |Relay |1&nbsp;kW |Andres Bonafacio Ave., Tibanga, [[Iligan City]] |- |ABS-CBN Ozamiz |DXMT |7 |Kaakibat |0.1&nbsp;kW |Don Anslemo Bernad Ave. cor. Animas St., [[Ozamiz City]] |- |ABS-CBN Bukidnon |D-2-XB |2 |Relay |0.1&nbsp;kW |Mt. Kitanglad, [[Bukidnon]] |- |ABS-CBN Davao |DXAS |4 |Nagmula |40&nbsp;kW |Shrine Hills, Matina, [[Davao City]] |- |ABS-CBN General Santos |DXZT |3 |Nagmula |5&nbsp;kW |Brgy. City Heights, [[General Santos City]] |- |ABS-CBN Cotabato |DXAI |5 |Relay{{ref|a}} |1&nbsp;kW |Brgy. Rosary Heights V, [[Cotabato City]] |- |ABS-CBN Jolo |DXMM |10 |Kaakibat |0.1&nbsp;kW |Gandasuli, [[Jolo, Sulu]] |- |ABS-CBN Butuan |DXAJ |11 |Relay{{ref|a}} |1&nbsp;kW |Marcos Calo St., [[Butuan City]] |- |ABS-CBN Surigao |DXSJ |12 |Kaakibat |1&nbsp;kW |SJTIT Compound, Barangay Taft, [[Surigao City]] |} ===== UHF ===== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Pag tatak !Callsign !Ch. # !Uri !TPO ! class="unsortable" |Lokasyon (Transmitter Site) |- |ABS-CBN Dagupan{{note|a}} |DZRR |32 |Relay{{ref|d}} |20&nbsp;kW |Mt. Sto. Tomas, [[Tuba, Benguet]] |- |ABS-CBN Vigan |DWBK |34 |Relay |1&nbsp;kW |Mt. Caniao, [[Bantay]], [[Ilocos Sur]] |- |ABS-CBN Baler |DZBA |22 |Relay |1&nbsp;kW |Quezon St., Barangay II, [[Baler, Aurora]]**** |- |ABS-CBN Pampanga{{note|b}} |DWIN |46 |Relay{{ref|d}} |5&nbsp;kW |Brgy. Lara, [[San Fernando, Pampanga]] |- |ABS-CBN Rizal |DWAR |40 |Relay |3&nbsp;kW |Mt. Landing, [[Jalajala]], [[Rizal]] |- |ABS-CBN Lucena |DWEW |24 |Relay |1&nbsp;kW |Maharlika Highway, Brgy. Kanlurang Mayo, [[Lucena, Philippines|Lucena]]**** |- |ABS-CBN San Pablo |DWLY |46 |Relay |1&nbsp;kW |Brgy. San Jose, [[San Pablo, Laguna]] |- |ABS-CBN Daet |DWRC |23 |Relay |1&nbsp;kW |Vinzons Ave., [[Daet, Camarines Norte]]**** |- |ABS-CBN Roxas |DYRC |21 |Relay |0.1&nbsp;kW |Brgy. Milibili, [[Roxas, Capiz]]**** |- |ABS-CBN Bacolod |DYAT |40 |Relay |1&nbsp;kW |Lacson St., [[Bacolod|Lungsod ng Bacolod]] |- |ABS-CBN Dipolog |DXMG |42 |Relay |1&nbsp;kW |Dipolog-Zamboanga Highway, [[Dipolog City]]**** |- |ABS-CBN Koronadal |DXAR |24 |Relay |1&nbsp;kW |Dulawan-Marbel Rd., [[Koronadal City]]**** |} : {{note|a}} Mula noong Hulyo 2018, ang mga lokal na programa ay naihatid mula sa Maynila sa pamamagitan ng Channel 2; hindi naging istasyon ng relay ng 10 Iloilo. : {{note|b}} Tumakbo mula Hulyo 2018 bilang isang sub-opt sa Hilagang Luzon, na may magkakahiwalay na palabas sa agahan at lokal na advertising; na-downgrade sa isang istasyon ng semi-satellite ng Baguio mula Nobyembre 3, 2018 : {{note|c}} Tumakbo mula Hulyo 2018 bilang isang sub-opt sa Hilagang Luzon, na maaaring magkakahiwalay na palabas sa agahan at lokal na advertising; na-downgrade sa isang istasyon ng semi-satellite ng Baguio mula Nobyembre 3, 2018 ===== Dating Analog ===== * Ganap na patayin ang analog signal nito at lumipat sa digital. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Pag tatak !Callsign !Ch. # !Uri !TPO ! class="unsortable" |Lokasyon (Transmitter Site) |- |ABS-CBN Bulacan |DWBY |34 |Relay |0.1&nbsp;&nbsp;kW |Cagayan Valley Road, Brgy. Vicente, [[San Miguel, Bulacan]] |- |ABS-CBN Tarlac |DWTC |34 |Relay |1&nbsp;kW |MacArthur Highway, St. Cristo, [[Tarlac City]] |} ==== Digital terrestrial ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Pag tatak !Callsign !Ch. # !Dalas !Lakas ! class="unsortable" |Lugar ng Saklaw |- | rowspan="2" |ABS-CBN Manila |DWBM |43**** |647.143&nbsp;MHz | rowspan="2" |5&nbsp;kW | rowspan="2" |[[Metro Manila]] |- |[[DWWX-TV|DWWX]] |16 |485.143&nbsp;MHz |- |ABS-CBN Baguio |[[D-3-ZO-TV|D-3-ZO]] |30 |569.143&nbsp;MHz |10&nbsp;kW |[[Baguio]] |- |ABS-CBN Tarlac |[[DWTC-TV|DWTC]] |34 |593.143&nbsp;MHz |5&nbsp;kW |[[Tarlac City|Tarlac]] |- |ABS-CBN Pampanga |[[DWIN-TV|DWIN]] |34 |593.143&nbsp;MHz |5&nbsp;kW |[[San Fernando, Pampanga]] |- |ABS-CBN Bulacan |[[DWBY-TV|DWBY]] |34 |593.143&nbsp;MHz |500&nbsp;Watts |[[San Miguel, Bulacan]] |- |ABS-CBN Batangas |[[DZAD-TV|DZAD]] |40 |629.143&nbsp;MHz |10&nbsp;kW |[[Batangas City|Batangas]] |- |ABS-CBN San Pablo |[[DWLY-TV|DWLY]] |38 |617.143&nbsp;MHz |5&nbsp;kW |[[San Pablo, Laguna]] |- |ABS-CBN Iloilo |[[DYAF-TV|DYAF]] |25 |539.143&nbsp;MHz |10&nbsp;kW |[[Iloilo City|Iloilo]] |- |ABS-CBN Bacolod |[[DYXL-TV|DYXL]] |22 |521.143&nbsp;MHz |10&nbsp;kW |[[Bacolod]] |- | rowspan="2" |ABS-CBN Cebu | rowspan="2" |[[DYCB-TV|DYCB]] |37 |611.143&nbsp;MHz | rowspan="2" |10&nbsp;kW | rowspan="2" |[[Cebu City|Cebu]] |- |36 |605.143&nbsp;MHz |- | rowspan="2" |ABS-CBN Cagayan de Oro | rowspan="2" |DXCS |40 |629.143&nbsp;MHz | rowspan="2" |5&nbsp;kW | rowspan="2" |[[Cagayan de Oro]] |- |22 |521.143&nbsp;MHz |- |ABS-CBN Davao |[[DXAS-TV|DXAS]] |35 |599.143&nbsp;MHz |5&nbsp;kW |[[Davao City|Davao]] |} === S+A === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Pag tatak !Callsign !Ch. # !Uri ng Istasyon !Lakas kW (ERP) ! class="unsortable" |Lokasyon (Transmitter Site) |- |S+A 23 Manila |[[DWAC-TV|DWAC]] |23 |Nagmula |50&nbsp;kW (10,000&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Metro Manila]]** |- |S+A 23 Laoag |[[DWLC-TV|DWLC]] |23 |Relay |1&nbsp;kW (11.25&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Laoag]]**** |- |S+A 23 Isabela |[[DWWA-TV|DWWA]] |23 |Relay |1&nbsp;kW |[[Santiago, Isabela|Santiago City]], [[Isabela (Province)|Isabela]]**** |- |S+A 23 Botolan |[[DWAM-TV|DWAM]] |23 |Relay |0.1&nbsp;kW (3.998&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Botolan]], [[Zambales]]**** |- |S+A 24 Olongapo |[[DWAS-TV|DWAS]] |24 |Relay |1&nbsp;kW (8.94&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Olongapo]]**** |- |S+A 36 Batangas |[[DWJR-TV|DWJR]] |36 |Relay |5&nbsp;kW (11.25&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Batangas City]]**** |- |S+A 23 Palawan |[[DZEL-TV|DZEL]] |23 |Relay |5&nbsp;kW (8.62&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Puerto Princesa]]**** |- |S+A 24 Naga |[[DWMC-TV|DWMC]] |24 |Relay |10&nbsp;kW (215.05&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Naga, Camarines Sur]]**** |- |S+A 23 Legazpi |[[DWBR-TV|DWBR]] |23 |Relay |5&nbsp;kW (20&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Legazpi, Albay]]*** |- |S+A 23 Kalibo |[[DYCG-TV|DYCG]] |23 |Relay |5&nbsp;kW (8.45&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Kalibo]], [[Aklan]]**** |- |S+A 38 Iloilo |[[DYAJ-TV|DYAJ]] |38 |Relay |5&nbsp;kW (29.11&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Iloilo City]]** |- |S+A 24 Dumaguete |[[DYEL-TV|DYEL]] |24 |Relay |10&nbsp;kW (88.43&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Valencia, Negros Oriental]]**** |- |S+A 23 Cebu |[[DYAC-TV|DYAC]] |23 |Relay |10&nbsp;kW (138.70&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Cebu City]]**** |- |S+A 40 Bohol |DYAD |40 |Relay |5&nbsp;kW (11.25&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Jagna, Bohol]]**** |- |S+A 24 Tacloban |DY__ |24 |Relay |5&nbsp;kW (10&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Tacloban]]*** |- |S+A 23 Cagayan de Oro |[[DXEC-TV|DXEC]] |2 |Relay |5&nbsp;kW ERP |[[Cagayan de Oro]]**** |- |S+A 26 Iligan |[[DXAM-TV|DXAM]] |26 |Relay |5&nbsp;kW (19.7&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Iligan]]**** |- |S+A 22 Butuan |[[DXBR-TV|DXBR]] |22 |Relay |5&nbsp;kW (1.05&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Butuan]]**** |- |S+A 23 Surigao |DX__ |23 |Relay |1&nbsp;kW (4.5&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Surigao City]]*** |- |S+A 21 Davao |[[DXAB-TV|DXAB]] |21 |Relay |10&nbsp;kW (188.16&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Davao City]]**** |- |S+A 36 General Santos |[[DXAC-TV|DXAC]] |36 |Relay |10&nbsp;kW (215&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[General Santos]]**** |- |S+A 23 Cotabato |DX__ |23 |Relay |5&nbsp;kW (9.84&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Cotabato City]]*** |- |S+A 23 Zamboanga |[[DXFH-TV|DXFH]] |23 |Relay |10&nbsp;kW (215.05&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Zamboanga City]]**** |} * * Co-matatagpuan sa mga istasyon ng VHF TV; ** Pag-aari ng ABS-CBN; *** Sa nakabinbing aplikasyon sa NTC; **** Pag-aari ng AMCARA. ==== Dating Analog ==== * Ganap na patayin ang analog signal nito at lumipat sa digital. {| class="wikitable sortable" !Branding !Callsign !Ch. # !Station Type !Power kW (ERP) ! class="unsortable" |Location (Transmitter Site) |- |S+A 30 Baguio |[[DWEC-TV|DWEC]] |30 |Relay |5&nbsp;kW (10,000&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Baguio]]** |- |S+A 22 Bacolod |[[DYEC-TV|DYEC]] |22 |Relay |10&nbsp;kW (360.34&nbsp;kW ERP) |[[Bacolod]]**** |} == Magbayad ng Mga Channel sa Telebisyon == * [[ABS-CBN News Channel]] * [[Cinema One]]* * [[TeleRadyo]] * [[Jeepney TV]]* * [[Knowledge Channel]] * [[Liga (TV channel)|Liga]]* * [[Metro Channel]]* * [[Myx]]* * [[O Shopping]] * [[Kapamilya Channel]] (* pinapatakbo ng [[Creative Programs]]) == Mga network ng broadcast na Direkta sa bahay / Satellite == * [[ABS-CBN Sports and Action|S+A International]] * [[ABS-CBN News Channel|ANC International]] * [[Cinema One|Cinema One International]] * [[Lifestyle (Philippine TV channel)|Lifestyle Network International]] * [[Myx TV|Myx TV (North America)]] * [[The Filipino Channel]] == Mga istayong Pang radyo == {{Infobox broadcasting network | name = Radyo Patrol | image = | logo = | type = Broadcast AM [[Radio Network]] | branding = Radyo Patrol | established = | country = [[Pilipinas]] | available = Wala na | founded = {{start date and age|1986}} | founder = | slogan = ''Una Sa Balita, Una Sa Public Service'' <br/> ''Tayo ang lingkod, Tayo ang Kapamilya'' | motto = | erp = | owner = | parent = [[ABS-CBN Corporation]] | key_people = | foundation = | launch_date = <!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} --> | dissolved ={{end date and age|2020|05|05}} | replaced = | replaced_by = | former_names = | affiliates = | groups = | former_affiliations = | webcast = | website = | subsidiary = | footnotes = }} === AM Radio network (Radyo Patrol) === {| class="wikitable" !Pag tatak !Callsign !Dalas !Lakas (kw) !Lokasyon |- |DZMM Radyo Patrol 630 Manila |[[DZMM-AM]] |630&nbsp;kHz |50&nbsp;kW |[[Metro Manila]] |- |DYAP Radyo Patrol 765 Palawan |[[DYAP-AM]] |765&nbsp;kHz |5&nbsp;kW |[[Puerto Princesa]] ([[Mimaropa]]) |- |DYAB Radyo Patrol 1512 Cebu |[[DYAB-AM]] |1512&nbsp;kHz |10&nbsp;kW |[[Metro Cebu]] [[Mandaue City|Mandaue]] ([[Central Visayas]]) |- |DXAB Radyo Patrol 1296 Davao |[[DXAB|DXAB-AM]] |1296&nbsp;kHz |10&nbsp;kW |[[Metro Davao]] ([[Southern Mindanao]]) |} === FM radio network (My Only Radio) === {{main|My Only Radio}} {| class="wikitable" !Pag tatak !Callsign !Dalas !Lakas (kW) !Lokasyon |- |MOR 101.9 My Only Radio Manila |[[DWRR-FM]] |101.9&nbsp;MHz |22.5&nbsp;kW |[[Metro Manila]] |- |MOR 103.1 My Only Radio Baguio |[[DZRR|DZRR-FM]] |103.1&nbsp;MHz |5&nbsp;kW |[[Baguio City]] |- |MOR 94.3 My Only Radio Dagupan |[[DWEC-FM]] |94.3&nbsp;MHz |10&nbsp;kW |[[Dagupan City]] |- |MOR 95.5 My Only Radio Laoag |[[DWEL-FM]] |95.5&nbsp;MHz |5&nbsp;kW |[[Laoag]] |- |MOR 91.3 My Only Radio Isabela |[[DWBA-FM]] |91.3&nbsp;MHz |5&nbsp;kW |[[Santiago, Isabela|Santiago]]{{Ref|A}} |- |MOR 93.5 My Only Radio Naga |[[DWAC-FM]] |93.5&nbsp;MHz |10&nbsp;kW |[[Naga, Camarines Sur|Naga]] |- |MOR 93.9 My Only Radio Legazpi |[[DWRD|DWRD-FM]] |93.9&nbsp;MHz |5&nbsp;kW |[[Legazpi, Albay|Legazpi]] |- |MOR 99.9 My Only Radio Puerto Princesa |[[DYCU|DYCU-FM]] |99.9&nbsp;MHz |5&nbsp;kW |[[Puerto Princesa]] |- |MOR 91.1 My Only Radio Iloilo |[[DYMC-FM]] |91.1&nbsp;MHz |10&nbsp;kW |[[Iloilo City|Iloilo]] |- |MOR 101.5 My Only Radio Bacolod |[[DYOO|DYOO-FM]] |101.5&nbsp;MHz |10&nbsp;kW |[[Bacolod City]] |- |MOR 97.1 My Only Radio Cebu |[[DYLS-FM]] |97.1&nbsp;MHz |20&nbsp;kW |[[Metro Cebu]] |- |MOR 94.3 My Only Radio Tacloban |[[DYTC-FM]] |94.3&nbsp;MHz |10&nbsp;kW |[[Tacloban]] |- |MOR 95.1 My Only Radio Cotabato |[[DXPS|DXPS-FM]] |95.1&nbsp;MHz |10&nbsp;kW |[[Cotabato City|Cotabato]] |- |MOR 98.7 My Only Radio Zamboanga |[[DXFH|DXFH-FM]] |98.7&nbsp;MHz |10&nbsp;kW |[[Zamboanga City|Zamboanga]] |- |MOR 91.9 My Only Radio Cagayan de Oro |[[DXEC|DXEC-FM]] |91.9&nbsp;MHz |10&nbsp;kW |[[Cagayan de Oro City]] |- |MOR 101.1 My Only Radio Davao |[[DXRR (Davao City)|DXRR-FM]] |101.1&nbsp;MHz |10&nbsp;kW |[[Metro Davao]] |- |MOR 92.7 My Only Radio General Santos |[[DXBC-FM]] |92.7&nbsp;MHz |2&nbsp;kW |[[General Santos]] |- |} * {{Note|A}} Relay mula sa MOR 103.1 For Life! Baguio. ==Mga huling programang panrehiyon== All programming mentioned below are also aired on the ABS-CBN Regional Channel. ===Balita=== *''[[TV Patrol#TV Patrol on ABS-CBN Regional Network Group|Regional TV Patrol]]'' :*''TV Patrol Bicol'' :*''TV Patrol Cagayan Valley'' :*''TV Patrol Caraga'' :*''TV Patrol Central Mindanao'' :*''TV Patrol Central Visayas'' :*''TV Patrol Chavacano'' :*''TV Patrol Eastern Visayas'' :*''TV Patrol Ilocos'' :*''TV Patrol Negros'' :*''TV Patrol North Central Luzon'' :*''TV Patrol Northern Luzon'' :*''TV Patrol Northern Mindanao'' :*''TV Patrol Palawan'' :*''TV Patrol Pampanga'' :*''TV Patrol Panay'' :*''TV Patrol Socsksargen'' :*''TV Patrol Southern Mindanao'' :*''TV Patrol Southern Tagalog'' ===Mga kasalukuyang ugnayan=== *''Ano Ngani?'' *''Arangkada'' *''Barangay Patrol'' *''Bayan ni Juan'' *''Bida Kapampangan'' *''Derecho: Tagpangapin sang Banwa'' *''Salandigan'' *''Tubag!'' ===Mga programang palabas sa Umaga=== *''Bagong Umaga, Bagong Balita'' *''Maayong Buntag Kapamilya'' *''Maayong Buntag Mindanao'' *''Magandang Umaga South Central Mindanao'' *''Naimbag Nga Morning Kapamilya'' *''Marhay na Aga Kapamilya'' *''Pamahaw Espesyal'' *''Sikat Ka! Iloilo'' *''The Morning Show'' ===Entertainment=== *''Agri Tayo Dito'' *''Kapamilya, Mas Winner Ka!'' (Visayas & Mindanao through TV-3 Cebu, TV-4 Bacolod and TV-4 Davao) *''Mag TV Na'' :*''MAG TV Na!'' (Cebu) :*''MAG TV Na, Amiga!'' (Bacolod) :*''MAG TV Na, Asenso Ta!'' (Cagayan de Oro) :*''MAG TV Na, Atin 'To!'' (Baguio) :*''Mag TV Na, De Aton Este!'' (Zamboanga) :*''MAG TV Na, Mag Negosyo Ta!'' (Davao) :*''MAG TV Na, Oragon!'' (Bicol) == Tingnan din == * [[ABS-CBN]] == Mga Reperensya == {{Reflist}} {{ABS-CBN}} fyghvlnhca7p5z6fof1ys6pwm8c9x1e 0 310610 2210218 2210197 2026-06-03T14:33:15Z Jojit fb 38 Inilipat ni Jojit fb ang pahinang [[Bilang na Romano]] sa [[Pamilang na Romano]] 2210197 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang mga '''bilang na Romano''' ay isang sistema ng [[bilang]] na ginamit sa [[sinaunang Roma]] at nanatiling karaniwang paraan ng pagsusulat ng bilang sa buong [[Europa]] hanggang [[Gitnang Panahon|Huling Gitnang Panahon]]. Ang modernong istilo ng pagnunumerong Romano ay gumagamit lamang ng pitong titik mula sa [[alpabetong Latin]] at ipinapakita ito sa sumusunod na tala: {| class="wikitable" !Ang simbolo |{{rn|I}} |{{rn|V}} |{{rn|X}} |{{rn|L}} |{{rn|C}} |{{rn|D}} |{{rn|M}} |- !Ang halaga ng numero |1 |5 |10 |50 |100 |500 |1,000 |} [[Talaksan:Roman numerals on alarm clock (Unsplash).jpg|thumb|Bilang na Romano sa [[Relos|relo]]]] == Paglalarawan == Gumagamit ang mga numerong Romano ng magkakaibang simbolo para sa bawat kapangyarihan ng sampu, at wala itong simbolo para sa [[sero]] (z, taliwas sa notasyong panghalagang-posisyon (place value notation) ng mga numerong Arabe, kung saan ang mga serong nagsisilbing pananda ng puwesto ay nagpapahintulot sa iisang tambillang na kumatawan sa magkakaibang kapangyarihan ng sampu. Dahil dito, may kaunting kakayahang umangkop sa notasyon, at hindi kailanman nagkaroon ng opisyal o pangkalahatang tinatanggap na pamantayan para sa mga numerong Romano. Malaki ang pagkakaiba-iba ng paggamit nito sa sinaunang Roma at naging lubhang magulo noong Gitnang Panahon. Ang mas kamakailang pagbabalik sa isang higit na klasiko na notasyon ay naging popular sa ilan, samantalang ang mga baryanteng anyo ay ginagamit naman ng ilang makabagong manunulat na naghahangad ng higit na "kakayahang umangkop".<ref name="adams">{{Cite web |last=Adams |first=Cecil |date=23 Pebrero 1990 |title=What is the proper way to style Roman numerals for the 1990s? |url=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1371/what-is-the-proper-way-to-style-roman-numerals-for-the-1990s |website=The Straight Dope |language=en}}</ref> Maaari ring ituring ang mga numerong Romano bilang legal na may-bisang pagpapahayag ng isang bilang, gaya ng sa batas ng [[Karapatang-sipi|karapatang-ari]] (copyright) ng [[Estados Unidos]] bago ang pagpapatupad ng Batas ng Papapatupad ng Kumbensyog Berne ng Convention Implementation Act of 1988, kung saan ang isang "mali" o hindi malinaw na numerong ginamit sa paunawa ng [[karapatang-ari]] ay maaaring magpawalang-bisa sa paghahabol sa karapatang-ari o makaapekto sa petsa ng pagwawakas ng panahon ng proteksiyon nito.<ref name="Hayes">{{Cite web |last=Hayes |first=David P. |title=Guide to Roman Numerals |url=https://chart.copyrightdata.com/ch02.html#Roman |website=Copyright Registration and Renewal Information Chart and Web Site |language=en}}</ref> === Karaniwang anyo === Ipinapakita ng sumusunod na talahanayan kung paano karaniwang isinusulat ang mga numerong Romano sa makabagong panahon:<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Reddy |first1=Indra K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U3QY7gz0C2cC |title=Essential Math and Calculations for Pharmacy Technicians |last2=Khan |first2=Mansoor A. |date=2003 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-203-49534-6 |page=3 |language=en |chapter=1 (Working with Arabic and Roman numerals) |quote="Table 1-1 Roman and Arabic numerals (table very similar to the table here, apart from inclusion of Vinculum notation."}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Indibiduwal na halagang desimal ! !Libuhan !Daanan !Sampuan !Mga yunit |- |1 |{{rn|M}} |{{rn|C}} |{{rn|X}} |{{rn|I}} |- |2 |{{rn|MM}} |{{rn|CC}} |{{rn|XX}} |{{rn|II}} |- |3 |{{rn|MMM}} |{{rn|CCC}} |{{rn|XXX}} |{{rn|III}} |- |4 | |{{rn|CD}} |{{rn|XL}} |{{rn|IV}} |- |5 | |{{rn|D}} |{{rn|L}} |{{rn|V}} |- |6 | |{{rn|DC}} |{{rn|LX}} |{{rn|VI}} |- |7 | |{{rn|DCC}} |{{rn|LXX}} |{{rn|VII}} |- |8 | |{{rn|DCCC}} |{{rn|LXXX}} |{{rn|VIII}} |- |9 | |{{rn|CM}} |{{rn|XC}} |{{rn|IX}} |} Ang mga bilang na 4 ({{rn|IV}}) at 9 ({{rn|IX}}) ay isinusulat gamit ang notasyong pagbabawas,<ref name="deha1997">{{Cite book |last=Dehaene |first=Stanislas |title=The Number Sense : How the Mind Creates Mathematics |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199723096 |language=en}} 288 pahina.</ref> kung saan ang mas maliit na simbolo ({{rn|I}}) ay ibinabawas sa mas malaking simbolo ({{rn|V}} o {{rn|X}}), sa halip na isulat bilang {{rn|IIII}} at {{rn|VIII}}. Ginagamit din ang notasyong ito para sa 40 ({{rn|XL}}), 90 ({{rn|XC}}), 400 ({{rn|CD}}), at 900 ({{rn|CM}}).<ref name="ema1990">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Numbers, Representations of |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Mathematics |publisher=Springer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kwMdtnhtUMMC&dq=%22Roman+numerals%22+additive&pg=PA502 |date=1990 |editor-last=Hazewinkel |editor-first=Michiel |volume=6 |page=502 |language=en |isbn=9781556080050}} 546 pahina.</ref> Ito lamang ang mga anyong pagbabawas na karaniwang ginagamit sa pamantayang pagsulat. Ang isang bilang na binubuo ng dalawa o higit pang digit na desimal ay nabubuo sa pamamagitan ng pagsasama ng katumbas na numerong Romano ng bawat halaga, mula sa pinakamalaki hanggang sa pinakamaliit, gaya ng mga sumusunod na halimbawa: * 39 = {{rn|XXX}} + {{rn|IX}} = '''{{rn|XXXIX}}'''. * 246 = {{rn|CC}} + {{rn|XL}} + {{rn|VI}} = '''{{rn|CCXLVI}}'''. * 789 = {{rn|DCC}} + {{rn|LXXX}} + {{rn|IX}} = '''{{rn|DCCLXXXIX}}'''. * 2,421 = {{rn|MM}} + {{rn|CD}} + {{rn|XX}} + {{rn|I}} = '''{{rn|MMCDXXI}}'''. Ang anumang nawawalang puwesto (na kinakatawan ng [[sero]] sa katumbas nitong notasyong halaga ng puwesto) ay hindi na isinusulat, tulad din sa pagsasalita sa [[Wikang Latin|Latin]]: * 160 = {{rn|C}} + {{rn|LX}} = '''{{rn|CLX}}''' * 207 = {{rn|CC}} + {{rn|VII}} = '''{{rn|CCVII}}''' * 1,009 = {{rn|M}} + {{rn|IX}} = '''{{rn|MIX}}''' * 1,066 = {{rn|M}} + {{rn|LX}} + {{rn|VI}} = '''{{rn|MLXVI}}'''<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dela Cruz |first1=M. L. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PVK6lt2xXz4C |title=Number Smart Quest for Mastery: Teacher's Edition |last2=Torres |first2=H. D. |date=2009 |publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc. |isbn=9789712352164 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="martelli">{{Cite book |last1=Martelli |first1=Alex |url=https://archive.org/details/pythoncookbook00mart |title=Python Cookbook |last2=Ascher |first2=David |date=2002 |publisher=O'Reilly Media Inc. |isbn=978-0-596-00167-4 |language=en |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ang pinakamalaking bilang na maaaring katawanin sa paraang ito ay 3,999 ('''{{rn|MMMCMXCIX}}'''), subalit sapat na ito para sa karamihan ng mga gamit ng mga numerong Romano sa kasalukuyan, gaya ng pagsulat ng mga taon: * 1776 = {{rn|M}} + {{rn|DCC}} + {{rn|LXX}} + {{rn|VI}} = '''{{rn|MDCCLXXVI}}''' (ang petsang nakasulat sa aklat na hawak ng Estatwa ng Libertad) * 1918 = {{rn|M}} + {{rn|CM}} + {{rn|X}} + {{rn|VIII}} = '''{{rn|MCMXVIII}}''' (ang unang taon ng [[pandemya]] ng [[Pandemyang trangkaso ng 1918|trangkasong Kastila]]) * 1944 = {{rn|M}} + {{rn|CM}} + {{rn|XL}} + {{rn|IV}} = '''{{rn|MCMXLIV}}''' (maling abiso ng [[karapatang-sipi]] sa pelikulang ''The Last Time I Saw Paris'')<ref name="Hayes" /> * {{#time:Y}} = '''{{rn|{{#time:xrY}}}}''' (this year){{efn|Ito ang taon sa ''[[Coordinated Universal Time]]'' (UTC) kung kailan huling mabago ang ''cache'' ng [[Wikipedia]] para sa pahinang ito, kaya maaaring hindi ito ganap na napapanahon at maaaring nahuhuli nang ilang oras sa kasalukuyang datos.}} Para sa mas malalaking bilang (4,000 pataas), kapuwa bago at matapos ipakilala ang mga numerong Arabe sa Kanluran, mula pa noong sinaunang panahon hanggang sa Gitnang Panahon at [[makabagong panahon]], gumamit ang mga gumagamit ng mga numerong Romano ng iba't ibang paraan upang maisulat ang mas malalaking bilang. ==Mga pananda== {{noteslist}} == Mga sanggunian == {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Mga sistemang numeral]] g7096muvymm7gudi9lfm4gx2wkv4sck 2210220 2210218 2026-06-03T14:33:41Z Jojit fb 38 2210220 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang mga '''pamilang na Romano''' ay isang sistema ng [[bilang]] na ginamit sa [[sinaunang Roma]] at nanatiling karaniwang paraan ng pagsusulat ng bilang sa buong [[Europa]] hanggang [[Gitnang Panahon|Huling Gitnang Panahon]]. Ang modernong istilo ng pagnunumerong Romano ay gumagamit lamang ng pitong titik mula sa [[alpabetong Latin]] at ipinapakita ito sa sumusunod na tala: {| class="wikitable" !Ang simbolo |{{rn|I}} |{{rn|V}} |{{rn|X}} |{{rn|L}} |{{rn|C}} |{{rn|D}} |{{rn|M}} |- !Ang halaga ng numero |1 |5 |10 |50 |100 |500 |1,000 |} [[Talaksan:Roman numerals on alarm clock (Unsplash).jpg|thumb|Bilang na Romano sa [[Relos|relo]]]] == Paglalarawan == Gumagamit ang mga numerong Romano ng magkakaibang simbolo para sa bawat kapangyarihan ng sampu, at wala itong simbolo para sa [[sero]] (z, taliwas sa notasyong panghalagang-posisyon (place value notation) ng mga numerong Arabe, kung saan ang mga serong nagsisilbing pananda ng puwesto ay nagpapahintulot sa iisang tambillang na kumatawan sa magkakaibang kapangyarihan ng sampu. Dahil dito, may kaunting kakayahang umangkop sa notasyon, at hindi kailanman nagkaroon ng opisyal o pangkalahatang tinatanggap na pamantayan para sa mga numerong Romano. Malaki ang pagkakaiba-iba ng paggamit nito sa sinaunang Roma at naging lubhang magulo noong Gitnang Panahon. Ang mas kamakailang pagbabalik sa isang higit na klasiko na notasyon ay naging popular sa ilan, samantalang ang mga baryanteng anyo ay ginagamit naman ng ilang makabagong manunulat na naghahangad ng higit na "kakayahang umangkop".<ref name="adams">{{Cite web |last=Adams |first=Cecil |date=23 Pebrero 1990 |title=What is the proper way to style Roman numerals for the 1990s? |url=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1371/what-is-the-proper-way-to-style-roman-numerals-for-the-1990s |website=The Straight Dope |language=en}}</ref> Maaari ring ituring ang mga numerong Romano bilang legal na may-bisang pagpapahayag ng isang bilang, gaya ng sa batas ng [[Karapatang-sipi|karapatang-ari]] (copyright) ng [[Estados Unidos]] bago ang pagpapatupad ng Batas ng Papapatupad ng Kumbensyog Berne ng Convention Implementation Act of 1988, kung saan ang isang "mali" o hindi malinaw na numerong ginamit sa paunawa ng [[karapatang-ari]] ay maaaring magpawalang-bisa sa paghahabol sa karapatang-ari o makaapekto sa petsa ng pagwawakas ng panahon ng proteksiyon nito.<ref name="Hayes">{{Cite web |last=Hayes |first=David P. |title=Guide to Roman Numerals |url=https://chart.copyrightdata.com/ch02.html#Roman |website=Copyright Registration and Renewal Information Chart and Web Site |language=en}}</ref> === Karaniwang anyo === Ipinapakita ng sumusunod na talahanayan kung paano karaniwang isinusulat ang mga numerong Romano sa makabagong panahon:<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Reddy |first1=Indra K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U3QY7gz0C2cC |title=Essential Math and Calculations for Pharmacy Technicians |last2=Khan |first2=Mansoor A. |date=2003 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-203-49534-6 |page=3 |language=en |chapter=1 (Working with Arabic and Roman numerals) |quote="Table 1-1 Roman and Arabic numerals (table very similar to the table here, apart from inclusion of Vinculum notation."}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Indibiduwal na halagang desimal ! !Libuhan !Daanan !Sampuan !Mga yunit |- |1 |{{rn|M}} |{{rn|C}} |{{rn|X}} |{{rn|I}} |- |2 |{{rn|MM}} |{{rn|CC}} |{{rn|XX}} |{{rn|II}} |- |3 |{{rn|MMM}} |{{rn|CCC}} |{{rn|XXX}} |{{rn|III}} |- |4 | |{{rn|CD}} |{{rn|XL}} |{{rn|IV}} |- |5 | |{{rn|D}} |{{rn|L}} |{{rn|V}} |- |6 | |{{rn|DC}} |{{rn|LX}} |{{rn|VI}} |- |7 | |{{rn|DCC}} |{{rn|LXX}} |{{rn|VII}} |- |8 | |{{rn|DCCC}} |{{rn|LXXX}} |{{rn|VIII}} |- |9 | |{{rn|CM}} |{{rn|XC}} |{{rn|IX}} |} Ang mga bilang na 4 ({{rn|IV}}) at 9 ({{rn|IX}}) ay isinusulat gamit ang notasyong pagbabawas,<ref name="deha1997">{{Cite book |last=Dehaene |first=Stanislas |title=The Number Sense : How the Mind Creates Mathematics |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199723096 |language=en}} 288 pahina.</ref> kung saan ang mas maliit na simbolo ({{rn|I}}) ay ibinabawas sa mas malaking simbolo ({{rn|V}} o {{rn|X}}), sa halip na isulat bilang {{rn|IIII}} at {{rn|VIII}}. Ginagamit din ang notasyong ito para sa 40 ({{rn|XL}}), 90 ({{rn|XC}}), 400 ({{rn|CD}}), at 900 ({{rn|CM}}).<ref name="ema1990">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Numbers, Representations of |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Mathematics |publisher=Springer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kwMdtnhtUMMC&dq=%22Roman+numerals%22+additive&pg=PA502 |date=1990 |editor-last=Hazewinkel |editor-first=Michiel |volume=6 |page=502 |language=en |isbn=9781556080050}} 546 pahina.</ref> Ito lamang ang mga anyong pagbabawas na karaniwang ginagamit sa pamantayang pagsulat. Ang isang bilang na binubuo ng dalawa o higit pang digit na desimal ay nabubuo sa pamamagitan ng pagsasama ng katumbas na numerong Romano ng bawat halaga, mula sa pinakamalaki hanggang sa pinakamaliit, gaya ng mga sumusunod na halimbawa: * 39 = {{rn|XXX}} + {{rn|IX}} = '''{{rn|XXXIX}}'''. * 246 = {{rn|CC}} + {{rn|XL}} + {{rn|VI}} = '''{{rn|CCXLVI}}'''. * 789 = {{rn|DCC}} + {{rn|LXXX}} + {{rn|IX}} = '''{{rn|DCCLXXXIX}}'''. * 2,421 = {{rn|MM}} + {{rn|CD}} + {{rn|XX}} + {{rn|I}} = '''{{rn|MMCDXXI}}'''. Ang anumang nawawalang puwesto (na kinakatawan ng [[sero]] sa katumbas nitong notasyong halaga ng puwesto) ay hindi na isinusulat, tulad din sa pagsasalita sa [[Wikang Latin|Latin]]: * 160 = {{rn|C}} + {{rn|LX}} = '''{{rn|CLX}}''' * 207 = {{rn|CC}} + {{rn|VII}} = '''{{rn|CCVII}}''' * 1,009 = {{rn|M}} + {{rn|IX}} = '''{{rn|MIX}}''' * 1,066 = {{rn|M}} + {{rn|LX}} + {{rn|VI}} = '''{{rn|MLXVI}}'''<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dela Cruz |first1=M. L. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PVK6lt2xXz4C |title=Number Smart Quest for Mastery: Teacher's Edition |last2=Torres |first2=H. D. |date=2009 |publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc. |isbn=9789712352164 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="martelli">{{Cite book |last1=Martelli |first1=Alex |url=https://archive.org/details/pythoncookbook00mart |title=Python Cookbook |last2=Ascher |first2=David |date=2002 |publisher=O'Reilly Media Inc. |isbn=978-0-596-00167-4 |language=en |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ang pinakamalaking bilang na maaaring katawanin sa paraang ito ay 3,999 ('''{{rn|MMMCMXCIX}}'''), subalit sapat na ito para sa karamihan ng mga gamit ng mga numerong Romano sa kasalukuyan, gaya ng pagsulat ng mga taon: * 1776 = {{rn|M}} + {{rn|DCC}} + {{rn|LXX}} + {{rn|VI}} = '''{{rn|MDCCLXXVI}}''' (ang petsang nakasulat sa aklat na hawak ng Estatwa ng Libertad) * 1918 = {{rn|M}} + {{rn|CM}} + {{rn|X}} + {{rn|VIII}} = '''{{rn|MCMXVIII}}''' (ang unang taon ng [[pandemya]] ng [[Pandemyang trangkaso ng 1918|trangkasong Kastila]]) * 1944 = {{rn|M}} + {{rn|CM}} + {{rn|XL}} + {{rn|IV}} = '''{{rn|MCMXLIV}}''' (maling abiso ng [[karapatang-sipi]] sa pelikulang ''The Last Time I Saw Paris'')<ref name="Hayes" /> * {{#time:Y}} = '''{{rn|{{#time:xrY}}}}''' (this year){{efn|Ito ang taon sa ''[[Coordinated Universal Time]]'' (UTC) kung kailan huling mabago ang ''cache'' ng [[Wikipedia]] para sa pahinang ito, kaya maaaring hindi ito ganap na napapanahon at maaaring nahuhuli nang ilang oras sa kasalukuyang datos.}} Para sa mas malalaking bilang (4,000 pataas), kapuwa bago at matapos ipakilala ang mga numerong Arabe sa Kanluran, mula pa noong sinaunang panahon hanggang sa Gitnang Panahon at [[makabagong panahon]], gumamit ang mga gumagamit ng mga numerong Romano ng iba't ibang paraan upang maisulat ang mas malalaking bilang. ==Mga pananda== {{noteslist}} == Mga sanggunian == {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Mga sistemang numeral]] p5q791gjas08f8xvekp94rbnqsxpgyh 2210221 2210220 2026-06-03T14:35:26Z Jojit fb 38 2210221 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang mga '''pamilang na Romano''' ay isang sistema ng [[bilang]] na ginamit sa [[sinaunang Roma]] at nanatiling karaniwang paraan ng pagsusulat ng bilang sa buong [[Europa]] hanggang [[Gitnang Panahon|Huling Gitnang Panahon]]. Ang modernong istilo ng pagnunumerong Romano ay gumagamit lamang ng pitong titik mula sa [[alpabetong Latin]] at ipinapakita ito sa sumusunod na tala: {| class="wikitable" !Ang simbolo |{{rn|I}} |{{rn|V}} |{{rn|X}} |{{rn|L}} |{{rn|C}} |{{rn|D}} |{{rn|M}} |- !Ang halaga ng numero |1 |5 |10 |50 |100 |500 |1,000 |} [[Talaksan:Roman numerals on alarm clock (Unsplash).jpg|thumb|Bilang na Romano sa [[Relos|relo]]]] == Paglalarawan == Gumagamit ang mga pamilang na Romano ng magkakaibang simbolo para sa bawat kapangyarihan ng sampu, at wala itong simbolo para sa [[sero]] (z, taliwas sa notasyong panghalagang-posisyon (place value notation) ng mga pamilang na Arabe, kung saan ang mga serong nagsisilbing pananda ng puwesto ay nagpapahintulot sa iisang tambillang na kumatawan sa magkakaibang kapangyarihan ng sampu. Dahil dito, may kaunting kakayahang umangkop sa notasyon, at hindi kailanman nagkaroon ng opisyal o pangkalahatang tinatanggap na pamantayan para sa mga pamilang na Romano. Malaki ang pagkakaiba-iba ng paggamit nito sa sinaunang Roma at naging lubhang magulo noong Gitnang Panahon. Ang mas kamakailang pagbabalik sa isang higit na klasiko na notasyon ay naging popular sa ilan, samantalang ang mga baryanteng anyo ay ginagamit naman ng ilang makabagong manunulat na naghahangad ng higit na "kakayahang umangkop".<ref name="adams">{{Cite web |last=Adams |first=Cecil |date=23 Pebrero 1990 |title=What is the proper way to style Roman numerals for the 1990s? |url=http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/1371/what-is-the-proper-way-to-style-roman-numerals-for-the-1990s |website=The Straight Dope |language=en}}</ref> Maaari ring ituring ang mga pamilang na Romano bilang legal na may-bisang pagpapahayag ng isang bilang, gaya ng sa batas ng [[Karapatang-sipi|karapatang-ari]] (copyright) ng [[Estados Unidos]] bago ang pagpapatupad ng Batas ng Papapatupad ng Kumbensyog Berne ng Convention Implementation Act of 1988, kung saan ang isang "mali" o hindi malinaw na numerong ginamit sa paunawa ng [[karapatang-ari]] ay maaaring magpawalang-bisa sa paghahabol sa karapatang-ari o makaapekto sa petsa ng pagwawakas ng panahon ng proteksiyon nito.<ref name="Hayes">{{Cite web |last=Hayes |first=David P. |title=Guide to Roman Numerals |url=https://chart.copyrightdata.com/ch02.html#Roman |website=Copyright Registration and Renewal Information Chart and Web Site |language=en}}</ref> === Karaniwang anyo === Ipinapakita ng sumusunod na talahanayan kung paano karaniwang isinusulat ang mga pamilang na Romano sa makabagong panahon:<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Reddy |first1=Indra K. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U3QY7gz0C2cC |title=Essential Math and Calculations for Pharmacy Technicians |last2=Khan |first2=Mansoor A. |date=2003 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-203-49534-6 |page=3 |language=en |chapter=1 (Working with Arabic and Roman numerals) |quote="Table 1-1 Roman and Arabic numerals (table very similar to the table here, apart from inclusion of Vinculum notation."}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Indibiduwal na halagang desimal ! !Libuhan !Daanan !Sampuan !Mga yunit |- |1 |{{rn|M}} |{{rn|C}} |{{rn|X}} |{{rn|I}} |- |2 |{{rn|MM}} |{{rn|CC}} |{{rn|XX}} |{{rn|II}} |- |3 |{{rn|MMM}} |{{rn|CCC}} |{{rn|XXX}} |{{rn|III}} |- |4 | |{{rn|CD}} |{{rn|XL}} |{{rn|IV}} |- |5 | |{{rn|D}} |{{rn|L}} |{{rn|V}} |- |6 | |{{rn|DC}} |{{rn|LX}} |{{rn|VI}} |- |7 | |{{rn|DCC}} |{{rn|LXX}} |{{rn|VII}} |- |8 | |{{rn|DCCC}} |{{rn|LXXX}} |{{rn|VIII}} |- |9 | |{{rn|CM}} |{{rn|XC}} |{{rn|IX}} |} Ang mga bilang na 4 ({{rn|IV}}) at 9 ({{rn|IX}}) ay isinusulat gamit ang notasyong pagbabawas,<ref name="deha1997">{{Cite book |last=Dehaene |first=Stanislas |title=The Number Sense : How the Mind Creates Mathematics |date=1997 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199723096 |language=en}} 288 pahina.</ref> kung saan ang mas maliit na simbolo ({{rn|I}}) ay ibinabawas sa mas malaking simbolo ({{rn|V}} o {{rn|X}}), sa halip na isulat bilang {{rn|IIII}} at {{rn|VIII}}. Ginagamit din ang notasyong ito para sa 40 ({{rn|XL}}), 90 ({{rn|XC}}), 400 ({{rn|CD}}), at 900 ({{rn|CM}}).<ref name="ema1990">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Numbers, Representations of |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia of Mathematics |publisher=Springer |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kwMdtnhtUMMC&dq=%22Roman+numerals%22+additive&pg=PA502 |date=1990 |editor-last=Hazewinkel |editor-first=Michiel |volume=6 |page=502 |language=en |isbn=9781556080050}} 546 pahina.</ref> Ito lamang ang mga anyong pagbabawas na karaniwang ginagamit sa pamantayang pagsulat. Ang isang bilang na binubuo ng dalawa o higit pang digit na desimal ay nabubuo sa pamamagitan ng pagsasama ng katumbas na pamilang na Romano ng bawat halaga, mula sa pinakamalaki hanggang sa pinakamaliit, gaya ng mga sumusunod na halimbawa: * 39 = {{rn|XXX}} + {{rn|IX}} = '''{{rn|XXXIX}}'''. * 246 = {{rn|CC}} + {{rn|XL}} + {{rn|VI}} = '''{{rn|CCXLVI}}'''. * 789 = {{rn|DCC}} + {{rn|LXXX}} + {{rn|IX}} = '''{{rn|DCCLXXXIX}}'''. * 2,421 = {{rn|MM}} + {{rn|CD}} + {{rn|XX}} + {{rn|I}} = '''{{rn|MMCDXXI}}'''. Ang anumang nawawalang puwesto (na kinakatawan ng [[sero]] sa katumbas nitong notasyong halaga ng puwesto) ay hindi na isinusulat, tulad din sa pagsasalita sa [[Wikang Latin|Latin]]: * 160 = {{rn|C}} + {{rn|LX}} = '''{{rn|CLX}}''' * 207 = {{rn|CC}} + {{rn|VII}} = '''{{rn|CCVII}}''' * 1,009 = {{rn|M}} + {{rn|IX}} = '''{{rn|MIX}}''' * 1,066 = {{rn|M}} + {{rn|LX}} + {{rn|VI}} = '''{{rn|MLXVI}}'''<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Dela Cruz |first1=M. L. P. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PVK6lt2xXz4C |title=Number Smart Quest for Mastery: Teacher's Edition |last2=Torres |first2=H. D. |date=2009 |publisher=Rex Bookstore, Inc. |isbn=9789712352164 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="martelli">{{Cite book |last1=Martelli |first1=Alex |url=https://archive.org/details/pythoncookbook00mart |title=Python Cookbook |last2=Ascher |first2=David |date=2002 |publisher=O'Reilly Media Inc. |isbn=978-0-596-00167-4 |language=en |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ang pinakamalaking bilang na maaaring katawanin sa paraang ito ay 3,999 ('''{{rn|MMMCMXCIX}}'''), subalit sapat na ito para sa karamihan ng mga gamit ng mga pamilang na Romano sa kasalukuyan, gaya ng pagsulat ng mga taon: * 1776 = {{rn|M}} + {{rn|DCC}} + {{rn|LXX}} + {{rn|VI}} = '''{{rn|MDCCLXXVI}}''' (ang petsang nakasulat sa aklat na hawak ng Estatwa ng Libertad) * 1918 = {{rn|M}} + {{rn|CM}} + {{rn|X}} + {{rn|VIII}} = '''{{rn|MCMXVIII}}''' (ang unang taon ng [[pandemya]] ng [[Pandemyang trangkaso ng 1918|trangkasong Kastila]]) * 1944 = {{rn|M}} + {{rn|CM}} + {{rn|XL}} + {{rn|IV}} = '''{{rn|MCMXLIV}}''' (maling abiso ng [[karapatang-sipi]] sa pelikulang ''The Last Time I Saw Paris'')<ref name="Hayes" /> * {{#time:Y}} = '''{{rn|{{#time:xrY}}}}''' (this year){{efn|Ito ang taon sa ''[[Coordinated Universal Time]]'' (UTC) kung kailan huling mabago ang ''cache'' ng [[Wikipedia]] para sa pahinang ito, kaya maaaring hindi ito ganap na napapanahon at maaaring nahuhuli nang ilang oras sa kasalukuyang datos.}} Para sa mas malalaking bilang (4,000 pataas), kapuwa bago at matapos ipakilala ang mga pamilang na Arabe sa Kanluran, mula pa noong sinaunang panahon hanggang sa Gitnang Panahon at [[makabagong panahon]], gumamit ang mga gumagamit ng mga pamilang na Romano ng iba't ibang paraan upang maisulat ang mas malalaking bilang. ==Mga pananda== {{noteslist}} == Mga sanggunian == {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Mga sistemang numeral]] 26249el7qsh7kzmyueb0fd9lk82v39d 0 310611 2210222 2210075 2026-06-03T14:38:01Z Jojit fb 38 Changed redirect target from [[Bilang na Romano]] to [[Pamilang na Romano]] 2210222 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pamilang na Romano]] jxx2glh3fp561dj7e3x5tnp6c4648gi 0 310778 2210223 2210076 2026-06-03T14:38:25Z Jojit fb 38 Changed redirect target from [[Bilang na Romano]] to [[Pamilang na Romano]] 2210223 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pamilang na Romano]] jxx2glh3fp561dj7e3x5tnp6c4648gi 0 310779 2210224 2210077 2026-06-03T14:38:39Z Jojit fb 38 Changed redirect target from [[Bilang na Romano]] to [[Pamilang na Romano]] 2210224 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pamilang na Romano]] jxx2glh3fp561dj7e3x5tnp6c4648gi 0 315900 2210325 2210045 2026-06-04T07:53:37Z Arko Blangko 155328 2210325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Kiev | native_name = {{native name|uk|Київ}}<br/>{{small|{{transl|uk|Kyyiv}}}} | settlement_type = Kabiserang lungsod na may espesyal na katayuan ng {{flagicon|Ukraine}} [[Ukranya]] <!-- images, nickname, motto -->| image_skyline = {{multiple image | perrow = 1/2/2/1 | border = infobox | total_width = 300 | caption_align = center | image1 = 17-07-02-Maidan Nezalezhnosti RR74377-PANORAMA.jpg | caption1 = [[Maidan Nezalezhnosti|Independence Square]] | image2 = P1130119-1.JPG | caption2 = [[Kyiv Pechersk Lavra]] | image3 = Червоний корпус КНУ.JPG | caption3 = [[Red University Building]] | image4 = Будинок з химерами, серпень 2019.jpg | caption4 = [[House with Chimaeras]] | image5 = Софійський собор Київ.jpg | caption5 = [[Saint Sophia Cathedral, Kyiv|Saint Sophia Cathedral]] | image6 = Маріїнський палац в Києві (cropped).jpg | caption6 = [[Mariinskyi Palace]] }} | imagesize = 300px | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_flag = Flag of Kyiv Kurovskyi.svg | flag_size = | flag_alt = | image_shield = COA of Kyiv Kurovskyi.svg | shield_size = 75px | shield_alt = | image_blank_emblem = Logo of Kyiv, Ukraine (English).svg | blank_emblem_type = [[Logo]] | blank_emblem_size = | blank_emblem_alt = | nickname = Mother of [[Rus' people|Rus']] Cities<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Kyiv|title=Kyiv – History|website=Encyclopædia Britannica|language=en|access-date=9 March 2020|archive-date=4 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504135716/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/317542/Kiev|url-status=live}}</ref> | nicknames = | motto = | mottoes = | anthem = [[Yak tebe ne liubyty, Kyieve mii!]] <!-- maps and coordinates -->| image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|stroke-width=2|zoom=9|type=shape-inverse|stroke-color=#808080|fill=#808080|title=Kyiv|id=Q1899|fill-opacity=0.4|frame-coordinates={{Coord|50.40|30.54}}}} | mapsize = 300px | map_alt = Interactive map of Kyiv | map_caption = Interactive map of Kyiv | pushpin_map = Ukraine#Europe | pushpin_mapsize = 300px | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Kyiv in Ukraine | pushpin_map_caption_notsmall = | pushpin_label = <!-- only necessary if "name" or "official_name" are too long --> | pushpin_label_position = <!-- position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none --> | coordinates = {{Coord|50|27|00|N|30|31|24|E|region:UA-30_type:city|display=inline, title}} <!-- Please note: these are the nearest DMS coords to a "center marker of Ukraine" sculpture of a blue globe--> | coor_pinpoint = <!-- to specify exact location of coordinates (was coor_type) --> | coordinates_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | grid_name = <!-- name of a regional grid system --> | grid_position = <!-- position on the regional grid system --> <!-- location -->| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = [[Ukraine]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Administrative divisions of Ukraine|Municipality]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Legal status and local government of Kyiv|Kyiv]] <!-- established -->| established_title = Founded | established_date = {{CE|482|link=y}} (officially)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kyivpost.com/guide/about-kyiv/kyivs-1530th-birthday-marked-with-fun-protest-1-128618.html|title=Kyiv's 1,530th birthday marked with fun, protest|author=Oksana Lyachynska|date=31 May 2012|website=Kyiv Post|access-date=16 May 2013|archive-date=1 June 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140601085436/http://www.kyivpost.com/guide/about-kyiv/kyivs-1530th-birthday-marked-with-fun-protest-1-128618.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | founder = | named_for = [[Kyi]] <!-- seat, smaller parts -->| seat_type = [[City council]] | seat = [[Kyiv City Council]] | parts_type = [[#Subdivisions|Districts]] | parts_style = <!-- list, coll (collapsed list), para (paragraph format) --> | parts = List of 10 | p1 = [[Darnytskyi District]] | p2 = [[Desnianskyi District, Kyiv|Desnianskyi District]] | p3 = [[Dniprovskyi District, Kyiv|Dniprovskyi District]] | p4 = [[Holosiivskyi District]] | p5 = [[Obolonskyi District]] | p6 = [[Pecherskyi District]] | p7 = [[Podilskyi District]] | p8 = [[Shevchenkivskyi District, Kyiv|Shevchenkivskyi District]] | p9 = [[Solomianskyi District]] | p10 = [[Sviatoshynskyi District]] <!-- government type, leaders -->| government_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | leader_party = | leader_title = [[Mayor of Kyiv|Mayor and Head of City State Administration]] | leader_name = [[Vitali Klitschko]]<ref name=KKMs5614/><ref name="Poroshenko appoints Klitschko head of Kyiv city administration - decree"/> <!-- display settings -->| unit_pref = Metric <!-- area -->| area_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags --> | area_total_km2 = 839 | area_total_sq_mi = 324 <!-- elevation -->| elevation_m = 179 | elevation_ft = 587 <!-- population -->| population_footnotes = | population_as_of = 1 January 2021 | population_total = {{decrease}} 2,952,301<ref name="Number of present population of Ukraine 1 January 2022"/> | pop_est_footnotes = | pop_est_as_of = | population_est = | population_rank = [[List of cities in Ukraine|1st]] in Ukraine<br/>[[List of European cities by population within city limits|7th]] in Europe | population_density_km2 = 3299 | population_density_sq_mi = 8540 | population_metro_footnotes = | population_metro = 3,475,000<ref name="citypopulation.de">{{cite web | url=http://www.citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html | title=Major Agglomerations of the World | publisher=Citypopulation.de | date=1 January 2021 | access-date=23 September 2021 | archive-date=23 November 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191123050211/http://citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html | url-status=live }}</ref> of the [[Kyiv metropolitan area]] | population_density_metro_km2 = | population_density_metro_sq_mi = | population_demonym = Kyivan,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of KYIV |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Kyiv |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary |language=en |archive-date=28 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928161317/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Kyiv |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kyiv definition and meaning |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kyiv |access-date=2023-05-11 |website=Collins English Dictionary |archive-date=28 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128125544/http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/kyiv |url-status=live }}</ref> Kievan<ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kievan kievan. (n.d.). Dictionary.com Unabridged] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314083809/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/kievan |date=14 March 2013 }}, retrieved 29 May 2013 from Dictionary.com</ref> <!-- demographics (section 1) -->| demographics_type1 = [[List of Ukrainian subdivisions by GRP|GDP]] | demographics1_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|title= ВАЛОВИЙ РЕГІОНАЛЬНИЙ ПРОДУКТ У 2021 РОЦІ|url= https://ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2023/05/zb_vrp_2021.xlsx&ved=2ahUKEwjY1N_wjK-AAxVL8LsIHfbyBoIQFnoECBEQAQ&usg=AOvVaw3p1PStO6ejpZRSYd9Ix41p}}</ref> | demographics1_title1 = Total | demographics1_info1 = [[Ukrainian hryvnia|₴]]1.276 trillion<br />(€30.3 billion) | demographics1_title2 = Per capita | demographics1_info2 = ₴431,616<br />(€10,200) <!-- time zone(s) -->| timezone1 = [[Eastern European Time|EET]] | utc_offset1 = +2 | timezone1_DST = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]] | utc_offset1_DST = +3 <!-- postal codes, area code -->| postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 01xxx–04xxx | area_code_type = | area_code = +380 44 | registration_plate_type = [[Vehicle registration plate]] | registration_plate = AA, KA (before 2004: КА, КВ, КЕ, КН, КІ, KT) | iso_code = UA-30 <!-- blank fields (section 1) -->| blank_name_sec1 = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]] | blank_info_sec1 = [[List of FIPS region codes (S-U)#UP: Ukraine|UP12]] <!-- website, footnotes -->| website = [https://kyivcity.gov.ua/ kyivcity.gov.ua] }} Ang '''Kiev''' ay ang kabisera at pinakamalaking lungsod ng [[Ukranya]]. Matatagpuan ito sa hilagang-gitnang bahagi ng bansa, katabi ng [[Ilog Dnieper]]. Sa sistema ng organisasyong administratibo-teritoryal ng Ukranya, tumataglay ang Kiev ng espesyal na katayuan batay sa Saligang Batas na hindi bahagi ng anumang rehiyon, bagama't ito ang sentrong pang-administratibo ng [[Oblast ng Kiev]]. Ito ang sentrong politikal, sosyo-ekonomiko, pantransportasyon, pang-edukasyon, pang-agham, istorikal, kultural, at espirituwal ng bansa, na naglilingkod bilang punong-tanggapan ng mga sentral na awtoridad, dayuhang misyon, at karamihan ng mga negosyo at pampublikong asosasyon. Noong 1 Enero 2021, ang populasyon nito ay 2,962,180, at itinalaga ito bilang ang ikapitong pinakamataong lungsod sa Europa. ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} {{stub|Ukraine}} {{Talaan ng mga kabiserang European batay sa rehiyon|state=expanded}} [[Kategorya:Mga lungsod sa Ukraine]] [[Kategorya:Kabisera sa Europa]] c7ycbd2ek8upvxfxuwue8z932wkfd73 0 317471 2210321 2091080 2026-06-04T07:25:21Z Ludimer 14 2210321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox philosopher | region = [[Western philosophy]] | era = [[Pre-Socratic philosophy]] | birth_date = c. 570 BCE | birth_place = [[Colophon (city)|Colophon]], [[Ionia]] | death_date = c. 478 BCE (edad c. 92) | death_place = [[Syracuse, Sicily]] | main_interests = [[Kritisismong panlipunan]]<br>[[Kataphasis]]<br>[[Natural na pilosopiya]]<br>[[Epistemolohiya]] | influences = [[Thales]], [[Epimenides]], [[Pythagoras]], [[Homer]] | influenced = [[Heraclitus]], [[Epicharmus]], [[Parmenides]], [[Timon of Phlius]], [[Baruch Spinoza]], [[Karl Popper]] | notable_ideas = Mga pananaw ng [[relihiyon]]g [[politeistiko]] bilang mga proheksiyon sikolohikal ng mga tao.<br>[[Arche]] ng tubig at mndo<br>Ang [[Justified true belief|tunay na paniniwala]] at pagtatangi ng [[kaalaman]] | image=Xenophanes in Thomas Stanley History of Philosophy.jpg|image_size=190px|caption=Isang guhit ni Xenophanes mula sa paglililok noong ika-17 siglo}} Si '''Xenophanes ng Colophon''' ({{IPAc-en|z|ə|ˈ|n|ɒ|f|ə|n|iː|z}};<ref>[http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/xenophanes "Xenophanes"] entry in ''[[Collins English Dictionary]]''.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cougar.eb.com/soundc11/bix/bixxen02.wav |title=Sound file |access-date=2022-05-31 |archive-date=2008-02-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216103627/http://cougar.eb.com/soundc11/bix/bixxen02.wav |url-status=dead }}</ref> {{lang-grc|[[wikt:Ξενοφάνης|Ξενοφάνης]] ὁ Κολοφώνιος}} {{IPA-el|ksenopʰánɛːs ho kolopʰɔ̌ːnios|}}; '''Jenófanes''' sa wikang Espanyol, c. 570 BCE – c. 478 BCE) ay isang Sinaunang [[pilosopo]]ng [[Griyego]], [[teologo]], [[manunula]] at kritiko ni [[Homer]]. Mula siya sa [[Ionia]] at naglakbay sa mga lupaing laganap ang pagsasalita ng Griyego noong maagang panahon ng Klasikong Antigidad. Bilang manunula, kilala si Xenophanes sa kanyang istilong kritikal na itinuturing na isa sa mga unang sátira. Sumulat rin siya sa paraang gamit ang mga "malungkot na kambal-taludtod" [[couplet na elehiako]] / [[elegiac couplets]] na pumupuna sa mga tradisyonal na halaga ng kanyang lipunan tungkol sa kayamanan, kalabisan, at mga tagumpay sa palakasan. Isa rin siyang kritiko ni [[Homer]] at ibang mga manunula dahil paglalarawan sa mga diyos bilang mga hangal o mahina sa moral. Sa pagdaraan ng mahabang panahon, ang kanyang mga tula ay hindi nananatiling buo; mga piraso lamang ng ilan sa kanyang mga akda ang natitira sa mga sipi ng mga sumunod na pilosopo at kritiko sa panitikan. Si Xenophanes ay itinuturing na isa sa pinakamahalagang pilosopo bago ang panahon ni Sócrates ng Atenas. Bilang isang lubos na orihinal na palaisip, naghanap si Xenophanes ng mga paliwanag para sa mga pisikal na penomena tulad ng mga ulap o bahaghari nang walang pagtukoy sa mga banal o mitolohikong paliwanag, ngunit sa halip ay batay sa mga unang prinsipyo . Tinukoy niya ang iba't ibang anyo ng kaalaman at paniniwala, isang maagang halimbawa ng epistemolohiya . Nakita ng mga sumunod na pilosopo tulad ng mga Eleatic at Pyrrhonist si Xenophanes bilang tagapagtatag ng kanilang mga aral, at binigyang-kahulugan ang kanyang akda batay sa mga aral na iyon, bagaman pinagtatalunan ng makabagong dalubhasaan ang mga pag-aangkin na ito. ==Buhay== Iniulat ng sinaunang biographer na si Diogenes Laertius na si Xenophanes ay ipinanganak sa Colophon , isang lungsod na dating umiiral sa Ionia, sa kasalukuyang Turkiye. Ayon kay Laertius na sinasabing umunlad si Xenophanes noong ika-60 Olympiad (540–537 BC), at karaniwang inilalagay ng mga modernong iskolar ang kanyang kapanganakan noong mga 570–560 BC. Ang kanyang natitirang mga gawa ay tumutukoy kina Thales , Epimenides , at Pythagoras, at siya mismo ay nabanggit sa mga sulatin nina Heraclitus at Epicharmus. Sa kaniyang sariling natitirang salaysay, isa siyang makata na naglalakbay at umalis sa kaniyang tinubuang lupain sa edad na 25 at nabuhay nang 67 taon sa ibang mga lupain ng Gresya, at namatay sa edad na 92 ​​o pagkatapos nito. Bagama't may mga sinaunang patotoo na nagsasabing inilibing niya ang kaniyang mga anak na lalaki, kakaunti ang ibang impormasyon tungkol sa talambuhay tungkol sa kaniya o sa kaniyang pamilya na maaasahang masisiguro. Ipinapalagay na malamang na ang mga teoryang pisikal ni Xenophanes ay naimpluwensyahan ng mga Milesiano. Halimbawa, ang kanyang teorya na ang bahaghari ay mga ulap ay sa isang interpretasyon ay nakikita bilang tugon sa teorya ni Anaximenes na ang bahaghari ay liwanag na naaaninag mula sa mga ulap. == Mga Tula == Ang kaalaman sa mga pananaw ni Xenophanes ay nagmula sa mga piraso ng kanyang tula na napanatili bilang mga sipi ng mga sumunod na Griyegong manunulat. Hindi tulad ng ibang mga pilosopong pre-Sokratiko tulad nina Heraclitus o Parmenides, na sumulat lamang ng isang akda, sumulat si Xenophanes ng iba't ibang tula, at walang dalawa sa mga piraso ang maaaring positibong matukoy na kabilang sa parehong teksto. Ayon kay Diogenes Laertius, sumulat si Xenophanes ng isang tula batay sa Colophon at Elea, na umabot sa humigit-kumulang 2000 linya. Ang mga sumunod na patotoo ay nagmumungkahi na ang kanyang koleksyon ng mga satira ay pinagsama-sama sa hindi bababa sa limang aklat. Bagama't maraming mga sumunod na sanggunian ang nag-uugnay kay Xenophanes sa isang tula na pinamagatang "Tungkol sa Kalikasan" (On Nature) , pinagdududahan ng mga modernong iskolar ang pagkakakilanlang na ito, dahil malamang na ito ay isang pangalang ibinigay ng mga iskolar sa Aklatan ng Alexandria sa mga akdang isinulat ng mga pilosopo na kinilala ni Aristoteles bilang " phusikoi " (mga pisiko) na nag-aral ng kalikasan. == Mga Sátira === Ang mga sátira ay tinatawag na Silloi , at ang pangalang ito ay maaaring nagmula kay Xenophanes mismo, ngunit maaaring nagmula ito sa pilosopong Pyrrhonist na si Timon ng Phlius, ang "sillographer" (ika-3 siglo BC), na naglagay ng malaking bahagi ng kanyang sariling sátira laban sa ibang mga pilosopo sa bibig ni Xenophanes, isa sa ilang pilosopong pinuri ni Timon sa kanyang akda. Ang mga natitirang sulatin ni Xenophanes ay nagpapakita ng isang pag-aalinlangan na naging mas karaniwang ipinahayag noong ikaapat na siglo BC. Ilan sa mga pilosopikal na piraso ay hinango mula sa mga komentarista kay Homer. Itinuon niya ang kanyang kritisismo sa mga politeistikong pananaw sa relihiyon ng mga naunang Griyegong makata at ng kanyang sariling mga kapanahon. Kung huhusgahan mula sa mga huling salaysay na ito, ang kanyang tulang elegiac at iambic ay pumuna at nag-uyam ng malawak na hanay ng mga ideya, kabilang sina Homer at Hesiod , ang paniniwala sa panteon ng mga antropomorpikong diyos at ang pagsamba ng mga Griyego sa atletismo . === Tungkol sa Kalikasan === Walang matibay na awtoridad na nagsasabing si Xenophanes ay partikular na sumulat ng isang tulang pilosopikal. Sinasabi ni John Burnet na "Ang pinakamatandang pagtukoy sa isang tulang Περὶ φύσεως (peri physeos) ay nasa Geneva scholium ng Iliad xxi. 196, at ito ay nagmula pa kay Crates of Mallus . Dapat nating tandaan na ang mga ganitong pamagat ay mas huling naisulat, at si Xenophanes ay nabigyan ng lugar sa mga pilosopo bago pa man ang panahon ni Crates. Samakatuwid, ang masasabi lang natin ay binigyan ng mga librarian ng Pergamene ng pamagat na Περὶ φύσεως (peri physeos) ang ilang tula ni Xenophanes." Gayunpaman, kahit na hindi kailanman sumulat si Xenophanes ng isang partikular na pamagat ng tula na "Tungkol sa Kalikasan" (On Nature) , marami sa mga natitirang piraso ay tumatalakay sa mga paksa sa natural na pilosopiya tulad ng mga ulap o bahaghari, at samakatuwid ay malamang na ang mga pilosopikal na pahayag ni Xenophanes ay ipinahayag nang hindi sinasadya sa kanyang mga sátira. == Pilosopiya == Bagama't tradisyonal na binibigyang-kahulugan si Xenophanes sa mga terminomg gamit ng mga Eleatic at mga Skeptic na naimpluwensyahan niya at nakita siya bilang kanilang hinalinhan at tagapagtatag, itinuturing siya ng mga modernong iskolar bilang isang lubos na orihinal at natatanging pilosopo na ang pilosopiya ay higit pa sa impluwensya niya sa mga sumunod na paaralan ng pilosopiya. Bilang isang kritiko sa lipunan, sumulat si Xenophanes ng mga tula tungkol sa wastong pag-uugali sa isang simposyum at pinuna ang kultural na pagluwalhati sa mga atleta. Hinangad ni Xenophanes na repormahin ang pag-unawa sa banal na kalikasan sa pamamagitan ng pagdududa sa mitolohiyang Griyego na ipinarating nina Hesiod at Homer, upang gawin itong mas naaayon sa mga pagkaintindi ng kabanalan mula sa Sinaunang relihiyong Griyego .Bumuo siya ng mga natural na paliwanag para sa mga phenomena tulad ng pagbuo ng mga ulap at bahaghari sa halip na mga mito, na kinutya ang mga tradisyonal na pananaw sa relihiyon sa kanyang panahon bilang mga proyeksyon ng tao .Bilang isang maagang palaisip sa epistemolohiya, gumawa siya ng paraan para tukuyin ang pagkakaiba sa pagitan ng mga ideya ng kaalaman at paniniwala na taliwas sa katotohanan , na pinaniniwalaan niya na posible lamang para sa mga diyos. === Kritikang panlipunan === Sumulat si Xenophanes ng ilang tulang elehiyako tungkol sa wastong pag-uugali sa isang simposyum, ang mga salu-salo ng mga sinaunang Griyego na ginaganap upang gunitain ang mga tagumpay sa palakasan o patula, o upang tanggapin ang mga kabataang lalaki sa lipunang aristokratiko. Ang mga natitirang bahagi ay nagbibigay-diin sa kahalagahan ng kabanalan at karangalan sa mga diyos, at hinihikayat nito ang paglalasing at kawalan ng pagpipigil, na sumusuporta sa katamtaman at pagpuna sa karangyaan at kalabisan. Tinanggihan ni Xenophanes ang kahalagahan ng mga tagumpay sa palakasan, na sinasabing mas mahalaga ang paglinang ng karunungan. === Banal na kalikasan === Ang Orphismo at pilosopiya ni Pitagoras ay nagpakilala sa ispiritwalidad ng mga Griyego ng mga nosyon ng pagkakasala at kadalisayan, na nagdulot ng dichotomic na paniniwala sa pagitan ng banal na kaluluwa at ng mortal na katawan. Ang doktrinang ito ay kabaligtaran ng mga tradisyonal na relihiyon na itinataguyod nina Homer at Hesiod . Ang Diyos ang nagpapagalaw sa lahat ng bagay, ngunit siya ay pinaniniwalaang hindi gumagalaw, nailalarawan sa pamamagitan ng pagiging-isa (oneness), pagkakaisa (unicity), at kawalang-hanggan (eternity), at isang espirituwal na kalikasan na walang katawan at hindi antropomorpiko (nasa anyo ng tao). Siya ay may malayang pagpapasya at ang Pinakamataas na Kabutihan, kinakatawan niya ang kagandahan ng moral na pagiging perpekto at ng kawalan ng kasalanan. Itinaguyod ni Xenophanes ang paniniwala na " Ang Diyos ay iisa, kataas-taasan sa mga diyos at tao, at hindi tulad ng mga mortal sa katawan o sa isip". Pinanindigan niya na mayroong isang pinakadakilang Diyos. Ang Diyos ay isang walang hanggang nilalang, bilog sa anyo, na nakakaintindi sa lahat ng bagay sa loob niya, ang ganap na isip at pag-iisip, samakatuwid ay matalino, at nagpapagalaw sa lahat ng bagay, ngunit walang pagkakahawig sa kalikasan ng tao maging sa katawan o isip. Bagama't tinanggihan ni Xenophanes ang teolohiyang Homeric, hindi niya kinuwestiyon ang pagkakaroon ng isang banal na entidad; sa halip ang kanyang pilosopiya ay isang kritisismo sa mga sinaunang Griyegong manunulat at ang kanilang konsepto ng kabanalan. Tungkol sa positibong teolohiya ni Xenophanes, limang pangunahing konsepto tungkol sa Diyos ang maaaring mabuo. Ang Diyos ay: lampas sa moralidad ng tao, hindi kahawig ng anyo ng tao, hindi maaaring mamatay o maipanganak (ang Diyos ay banal kaya walang hanggan), walang umiiral na banal na hirarkiya, at ang Diyos ay hindi nakikialam sa mga gawain ng tao. === Pilosopiya ng kalikasan === Ang pag-unawa ni Xenophanes sa banal na kalikasan bilang hiwalay at hindi kasali sa mga gawain ng tao ang nag-udyok sa kanya na makabuo ng mga naturalistikong paliwanag para sa mga pisikal na penomena. Malamang na si Xenophanes ang unang pilosopo na nakaisip ng paliwanag para sa pagpapakita ng apoy ni San Elmo na lumilitaw sa mga palo ng mga barko kapag dumadaan ang mga ito sa mga ulap habang may bagyo. Bagama't ang aktwal na penomeno sa likod ng apoy ni San Elmo ay hindi mauunawaan hanggang sa matuklasan ang static electricity sa modernong panahon, ang paliwanag ni Xenophanes, na nagtangkang ipaliwanag ang liwanag bilang sanhi ng pag-alog ng maliliit na patak ng ulap, ay natatangi sa sinaunang mundo. Sa kosmolohiya ni Xenophanes, iisa lamang ang hangganan ng sansinukob, ang "nakikita ng ating mga paa". Naniniwala si Xenophanes na ang mundo ay umaabot nang walang hanggan pababa, gayundin nang walang hanggan sa bawat direksyon. Ang bunga ng kanyang paniniwala sa isang walang katapusang haba ng mundo ay sa halip na dumaan ang araw sa ilalim ng mundo sa paglubog ng araw, naniniwala si Xenophanes na ang araw at buwan ay naglalakbay sa isang tuwid na linya pakanluran, pagkatapos nito ay isang bagong araw o buwan ang muling mabubuo pagkatapos ng isang eklipse. Bagama't ang potensyal na walang katapusang serye ng mga araw at buwan na naglalakbay ay malamang na maituturing na hindi kanais-nais sa mga modernong siyentipiko, nangangahulugan ito na naunawaan ni Xenophanes ang araw at buwan bilang isang "uri" ng bagay na lumilitaw sa kalangitan, sa halip na isang partikular na indibidwal na bagay na muling lumilitaw bawat bagong araw. Napagpasyahan ni Xenophanes mula sa kanyang pagsusuri sa mga fossil ng mga nilalang sa dagat na natagpuan sa ibabaw ng lupa na ang tubig ay dating tumatakip sa buong ibabaw ng Daigdig. Ginamit niya ang ebidensyang ito upang tapusin na ang arko o kosmikong prinsipyo ng sansinukob ay isang alon na dumadaloy papasok at palabas sa pagitan ng basa at tuyo, o lupa (γῆ) (ge) at tubig (ὕδωρ) (hydor). Ang dalawang matinding estadong ito ay magpapalitan sa isa't isa, at sa pagpapalit-palit na ito, ang buhay ng tao ay mawawala, pagkatapos ay muling mabubuhay (o kabaliktaran depende sa nangingibabaw na anyo). Ang argumento ay maaaring ituring na isang pagsaway sa teorya ng hangin ni Anaximenes . Ang ideya ng pagpapalit-palit na mga estado at ang buhay ng tao ay namamatay at bumabalik ay nagmumungkahi na naniniwala siya sa prinsipyo ng sanhi, isa pang natatanging hakbang na inaalis ni Xenophanes mula sa mga sinaunang tradisyon ng pilosopiya patungo sa mga mas nakabatay sa siyentipikong obserbasyon. Ang paggamit ng ebidensyang ito ay isang mahalagang hakbang sa pagsulong mula sa simpleng pagsasabi ng isang ideya patungo sa pagsuporta dito sa pamamagitan ng ebidensya at obserbasyon. === Epistemolohiya === Si Xenophanes ay isa sa mga unang pilosopo na nagpakita ng interes sa mga tanong na epistemolohikal gayundin sa mga metapisika. Naniniwala siya na mayroong tunay na obhetibong katotohanan sa realidad, ngunit bilang mga mortal lamang, hindi ito kayang malaman ng mga tao. Siya ay kinikilala bilang isa sa mga unang pilosopo na nag-iba sa pagitan ng tunay na paniniwala at kaalaman , gayundin ang pagkilala sa posibilidad na maaaring isipin ng isang tao na may alam siya ngunit hindi talaga ito alam. Ang kaniyang mga talata tungkol sa pag-aalinlangan ay sinipi ni Sextus Empiricus gaya ng sumusunod: Gayunpaman, tungkol sa mga diyos at sa aking ipinapahayag tungkol sa lahat ng bagay: Walang taong nakakita ng malinaw ni walang taong makakaalam nito. Hindi, sapagkat kahit na magkataon siyang patunayan kung ano talaga ang umiiral, hindi niya ito alam; sapagkat ang lahat ay naaapektuhan ng opinyon. Dahil sa kakulangan ng buong akda ni Xenophanes, ang kanyang mga pananaw ay mahirap bigyang-kahulugan, kaya ang implikasyon ng pag-alam bilang isang bagay na mas malalim ("isang mas malinaw na katotohanan") ay maaaring may mga espesyal na implikasyon, o maaaring mangahulugan ito na hindi mo malalaman ang isang bagay sa pamamagitan lamang ng pagtingin dito. Alam na ang pinakamarami at pinakamalawak na uri ng ebidensya ay itinuring ni Xenophanes bilang ang pinakasiguradong paraan upang patunayan ang isang teorya. == Pamana at impluwensya == Ang impluwensya ni Xenophanes ay binigyang-kahulugan sa iba't ibang paraan bilang "ang tagapagtatag ng epistemolohiya, isang makata at rhapsode at hindi isang pilosopo, ang unang nagdududa, ang unang empirisista, isang rasyonalistang teologo, isang repormista ng relihiyon, at marami pang iba." Binasa ni Karl Popper si Xenophanes bilang isang maagang tagapagpauna ng kritikal na rasyonalismo , na sinasabing posible lamang kumilos batay sa mga gumaganang hypotheses — maaari tayong kumilos na parang alam natin ang katotohanan, hangga't alam natin na ito ay lubhang hindi malamang mangyari. === Impluwensya sa Eleatics === Maraming mga sinaunang salaysay ang nag-uugnay kay Xenophanes sa kolonya ng mga Griyego sa lungsod ng Elea sa Italya , alinman bilang ang may-akda ng isang tula tungkol sa pagkakatatag ng lungsod na iyon, o bilang ang nagtatag ng paaralan ng pilosopiya ng Elea , o bilang guro ni Parmenides ng Elea . Ang iba naman ay nag-uugnay sa kanya sa Pitagoriyanismo . Gayunpaman, ang mga modernong iskolar sa pangkalahatan ay naniniwala na walang gaanong makasaysayan o pilosopikal na katwiran para sa mga ugnayang ito sa pagitan nina Pitagoras, Xenophanes, at Parmenides gaya ng madalas na sinasabing kasunod ng tinatawag na " paaralan ng mga Italyano" (Italian School). Gayundin, karaniwan na rin mula noong unang panahon na makita si Xenophanes bilang guro ni Zeno ng Elea , ang kasamahan ni Parmenides, ngunit ang karaniwang opinyon ngayon ay mali rin ito. {{Blockquote | Sa kanyang ikasiyamnapu't dalawang taon, siya ay namumuhay pa rin nang palaboy, na halos hindi naaayon sa pahayag na nanirahan siya sa Elea at nagtatag ng isang paaralan doon, lalo na kung iisipin natin na ginugol niya ang kanyang mga huling araw sa korte ni Hieron . Kapansin-pansin na walang sinaunang manunulat ang hayagang nagsabing naroon siya sa Elea, at lahat ng ebidensya na mayroon tayo ay tila hindi tugma sa kanyang paninirahan doon. {{sfn|Burnet|1892|p=115}}}} === Impluwensya sa Pyrrhonism === Si Xenophanes ay minsang itinuturing na unang nagdududa sa Kanluraning pilosopiya. Ang umano'y pagdududa ni Xenophanes ay maaari ring ituring na isang pasimula sa Pyrrhonismo . Sinipi ni Sextus ang tagasunod ni Pyrrho na si Timon na pumupuri kay Xenophanes at iniaalay ang kanyang mga satira sa kanya, at binibigyan siya bilang isang halimbawa ng isang taong hindi isang perpektong nagdududa (tulad ni Pyrrho), ngunit mapapatawad na malapit dito. Sa pagbanggit ni Eusebius kay Aristocles ng Messene, sinabi niya na si Xenophanes ang nagtatag ng isang linya ng pilosopiya na nagtapos sa Pyrrhonism. Ang linyang ito ay nagsisimula kay Xenophanes at dumaan kina Parmenides , Melissus ng Samos , Zeno ng Elea , Leucippus , Democritus , Protagoras , Nessos ng Chios , Metrodorus ng Chios , Diogenes ng Smyrna, Anaxarchus , at sa huli ay Pyrrho . === Panteismo === Dahil sa kaniyang pagbuo ng konsepto ng isang "isang diyos na pinakadakila sa mga diyos at tao," si Xenophanes ay madalas na nakikita bilang isa sa mga unang monoteista sa Kanluraning pilosopiya ng relihiyon . Gayunpaman, ang parehong sipi na tinutukoy ay tumutukoy sa maraming "diyos" na mas dakila kaysa sa kataas-taasang Diyos. Ang diyos na ito ay "yumuyugyog sa lahat ng bagay" sa pamamagitan lamang ng kapangyarihan ng kaniyang pag-iisip. Hindi tulad ng mga nilalang na tao, ang Diyos ay may kapangyarihang magbigay ng "agarang pagpapatupad" (sa Griyego: to phren ) at gawing epektibo ang kaniyang kakayahang kognitibo (sa Griyego: nous ). Ang kaisipan ni Xenophanes ay ibinuod bilang monolatrous at panteistiko ng mga sinaunang doxography nina Aristoteles , Cicero , Diogenes Laertius , Sextus Empiricus , at Plutarch . Mas partikular, ibinuod ng Metaphysics ni Aristoteles ang kanyang pananaw bilang "ang Lahat ay Diyos." [ ac ] Ang pseudo-Aristotlelian treatise na On Melissus, Xenophanes, at Gorgias ay naglalaman din ng isang mahalagang patotoo ng kanyang mga turo. Itinuring ni Pierre Bayle ang mga pananaw ni Xenophanes na katulad ni Spinoza . Partikular na kinilala ng pisiko at pilosopo na si Max Bernhard Weinstein si Xenophanes bilang isa sa mga pinakaunang pandeista . Ang pananaw ni Xenophanes sa isang diyos na walang personalidad ay tila nakaimpluwensya kay Empedocles bago si Socratic, na itinuring ang diyos bilang isang isip na walang katawan. Gayunpaman, tinawag ni Empedocles ang pananaw ni Xenophanes na ang Daigdig ay patag at umaabot pababa magpakailanman bilang kahangalan. ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Mga pilosopong Griyego]] g9evwpjefbmdbwcr66751cyrpky5ugt 0 323419 2210295 2209074 2026-06-04T02:41:16Z ~2026-33145-01 162584 /* */ 2210295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiple issues| {{unsourced|date=Abril 2023}} {{copyedit|date=Abril 2023}} {{cleanup|reason=Kailangang isalin ang mga banyagang salita tulad ng eskwelahan|date=Abril 2023}} }} {{Infobox school | name = Angeles City Science High School | native_name = Mataas na Paaralang Pang-Agham ng Lungsod ng Angeles | seal_image = | image = | type = Specialized Public Science High School | address = Doña Aurora St., Brgy. Lourdes Sur East, | city = Angeles City | province = Pampanga | country = Philippines | coordinates = {{coord|15.145002|120.593077|type:edu|display=inline,title}} | principal = Marjorie Lacson | grades = 7 to 12 | established = 1993 as Angeles City National High School - Special Science Class, renamed in 2006 | nickname = Wizards, Greyhounds, Wolves | free_label = [[Department of Education (Philippines)|DepEd]] [https://ebeis.deped.gov.ph/beis/reports_info/masterlist School ID] | free_text = 307202 }} Ang '''Angeles City Science High School''' (Mataas na Paaralang Pang-Agham ng Lungsod ng Angeles) ay isang pangalawang pampublikong mataas na paaralang pang-agham. Ito ay matatagpuan sa Doña Aurora St. Lourdes Sur East, Angeles City, Philippines. Ito ay itinatag noong 2006, at kinikilala ng DepEd bilang mataas na paaralang pang-agham. Ito rin ay nakabase sa K-12 Curriculum na alinsunod sa DepEd order. == Kasaysayan == Dating kilala bilang Angeles City National High School - Special Science Class, ang paaralan na ito ay isa sa kabilang sa 110 ''Science and Technology High Schools in the Philippines.'' Sa kasalukuyan, ang paaralan na ito ay mayroong 16 na silid-aralan, laboratoryong pang-kompyuter, ''covered court'', laboratoryong pang-matematika, at silid-aklatan. Dahil sa panibagong K-12 Curriculum ng DepEd, ang paaralang ito ay nagsimulang mag-alok lamang ng Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Strand noong 2016. Mula noong February, 2019, ang paaralang ito ay mayroong dalawang pinuno na na namumuno sa departamentong Junior High School at Senior High School. == Mga nagawa == Ang Special Science Class (SSC) ay isa sa mga paaralang nakatanggap ng UP-Pautakan Oblation Trophy pagkatapos manalo nang tatlong magkasunod na taon. Ang Kasamahang Akademiko (The Academic Team) ang nagwagi sa Philips Mind Challenge noong 2001 at sa Sharp Minds Challenge noong 2006. Ang paaralang ito ay naghuhubog ng mga mga mag-aaral na mag-wawagi sa mga kompetisyong sponsored ng DepEd tulad ng ''press conferences'', ''science and math festivals'', ang Metrobank MTAP Challenges, at iba pa. Ang klaseng ito ay namumukod-tangi sa mga paligsahang na-host ng mga iba't-ibang paaralan sa buong siyudad. Noong 2005, ang paaralang ito ay naging ika-7 sa mga 500 na paaralang kabilang sa Regional Schools Press Conference. Ito ay ikalawa sa isinagawang regional achievement test sa wikang Ingles sa Rehiyon III. Noong 2017 at 2018, ang paaralang ito ay nagsimulang makipagkumpitensya sa International Research Competitions na pinangunahan ni Mrs. Lolita Bautista. Ang paaralan ay nanalo ng halos 7 na parangal mula noong Hunyo 1, 2018. == Paglipat ng campus == Noong pinamahalaan ng DOST ang SSC noong 1998, ito ay naglaan ng bahagi ng lupa kung saan nakatayo ang Dr. Clemente N. Dayrit Sr. Elementary School. Sa ngayon, ang addres ng paaralan ay sa Doña Aurora St. Lourdes Sur, East, Angeles City. Ang campus nito ay may siyam na gusali at may covered court. [[Kategorya:Angeles]] [[Kategorya:Agham at teknolohiya sa Pilipinas]] [[Kategorya:Mga mataas na paaralan sa Pilipinas]] pfnifamk1rrjsy7akpwn5tlkwzrfxgz 0 324496 2210301 2207654 2026-06-04T04:34:56Z InternetArchiveBot 113521 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2210301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox civilian attack||image=Unit 731 Complex.jpg|alt=|caption=Ang mga gusali ng Unit 731 complex. Dalawang kulungan ang nakakubli sa pangunahing gusali malapit sa kanang bahagi ng gitna ng larawan.|location=Pingfang, [[Harbin]], [[Heilongjiang]], [[Manchukuo]] (ngayon ay [[Tsina]])|target=|coordinates={{Coord|45|36|30|N|126|37|55|E|region:CN-HL_type:landmark|display=inline}}|date=1936–1945|time=|timezone=|type={{ubl|[[Eksperimentasyon sa tao]]|[[Pakikidigmang biolohikal]]|[[Pakikidigmang kemikal]]}}|fatalities=Tinatayang 200,000<ref name="Kristof">{{cite news |last = Kristof |first = Nicholas D. |date = 1995-03-17 |title = Unmasking Horror – A special report. Japan Confronting Gruesome War Atrocity |url = https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/17/world/unmasking-horror-a-special-report-japan-confronting-gruesome-war-atrocity.html |newspaper = The New York Times |access-date = 2019-07-14 |archive-date = 2019-07-14 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190714031133/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/17/world/unmasking-horror-a-special-report-japan-confronting-gruesome-war-atrocity.html |url-status = live }}</ref> hanggang 300,000<ref>{{cite news |last = Watts |first = Jonathan |date = 2002-08-28 |title = Japan guilty of germ warfare against thousands of Chinese |url = https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/aug/28/artsandhumanities.japan |newspaper = The Guardian |access-date = 2019-07-14 |archive-date = 2019-08-06 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190806103833/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/aug/28/artsandhumanities.japan |url-status = live }}</ref> * Maaaring 400,000 o higit pa bunga ng pakikidigmang biolohikal * Higit 3,000 sa mga eksperimentong sinagawa sa loob ng yunit (mula 1940–1945; di pa kasama ang eksperimentong isinagawa ng iba pang mga sangay) * Hindi bababa sa 10,000 na nakakulong dito ang namatay * Walang naitalang nakaligtas|perps={{ubl|[[Siruhano Heneral]] [[Shirō Ishii]]|[[Tinyente Heneral|Tn. Hen.]] [[Masaji Kitano]]|[[Kagawaran sa pagpigil ng epidemya at paglilinis ng tubig]]}}|weapons={{ubl|Sandatang biolohikal|Sandatang kemikal|Pampasabog}}}} Ang '''Yunit 731''', na pinaigsing pantukoy sa '''Detatsment Manchu 731''' at kilala rin bilang '''Detatsment Kamo''' at '''Yunit Ishii''' ay isang palihim na organisasyon ng [[Hukbong Imperyal ng Hapon]] na nagsagawa ng pananaliksik sa mga [[sandatang biolohikal]] at [[Sandatang kemikal|kemikal]], ng mga nakamamatay na [[eksperimentasyon sa tao]], at nagbuo ng mga sandatang biolohikal noong [[Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig]] at [[Ikalawang Digmaang Sino-Hapones|Ikalawang Digmaang Tsino-Hapones]]. Tinatayang 200,000 hanggang 300,000 katao ang pinatay ng yunit. Nakahimpil ito sa Pingfang, distrito ng [[Harbin]], ang noo'y pinakamalaking lungsod sa [[estadong papet]] ng mga Hapon na [[Manchukuo]] (ngayo'y bahagi na ng hilagang-silangang Tsina). Mayroon din itong ilang sangay na aktibong umiiral sa Tsina at Timog-Silangang Asya. May pananagutan ang Yunit 731 sa pinaka-nakaririmarim na mga [[Mga krimeng pandigma ng mga Hapones|krimeng pandigma na ginawa ng hukbong sandatahang Hapones]]. Paulit-ulit itong nagsagawa ng mga eksperimento sa mga tao na inalisan ng pagkatao at tinuring na "troso."<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">Chan, J. (2020). ''Marutas Of Unit 731: Human Experimentation Of The Forgotten Asian Auschwitz''</ref> Ilan sa mga sinagawang eksperimento ay pagturok ng mga [[Mikroorganismo|mikrobyo]], pagsubok ng mga sandatang biolohikal, [[paghiwa nang buhay]] (''live vivisection''), pagkuha ng mga bahagi ng katawan, pagputol ng mga bahagi ng katawan, kontroladong pagpapauhaw, at pagsubok sa mga kombensyonal na sandata.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":3">Gold, H. (2019). ''Japan's Infamous Unit 731: Firsthand Accounts of Japan's Wartime Human Experimentation Program''. Tuttle Classics. </ref><ref>https://www.archives.gov/files/iwg/japanese-war-crimes/select-documents.pdf</ref> Kasama sa mga biktima ay mga kababaihan, buntis, bata<ref>Yang, Y.J. and Tam, Y.H. (2018). ''Unit 731: Laboratory of the Devil, Auschwitz of the East: Japanese Biological Warfare in China 1933-45''. [https://www.google.com.ph/books/edition/Unit_731_Laboratory_of_the_Devil_Auschwi/-95YDwAAQBAJ?hl=fil&gbpv=1&dq=living+teenager+dissected&pg=RA1-PA74&printsec=frontcover Pahina 74]. </ref>, at mga sanggol na isinilang mula sa mga panggagahasang sinagawa ng mga tauhan nito mula sa loob ng nakabakod na ahensya. Mayorya sa mga biktima ay mga Tsino bagaman may signipikanteng minorya ng mga Ruso. Dagdag pa rito, nagmanupaktura ang yunit ng mga sandatang biolohikal na ginamit sa mga lugar sa Tsina na hindi nasakop ng mga pwersang Hapones, tulad ng mga lungsod, bayan, pinagkukunan ng tubig, at sakahan. Sa huling mga sandali ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig, lahat ng mga nakakulong ay pinatay upang itago ang ebidensya. Walang mga nakaligtas sa mga biktima. Noong 1932, itinalaga bilang kumander ng '''Laboratoryo sa Pananaliksik para sa Pagpigil ng Epidemya ng Hukbo''' si {{Nihongo|[[Shirō Ishii]]|{{Ruby|石|<small><small><small>いし</small></small></small>}}{{Ruby|井|<small><small><small>ゐ</small></small></small>}}{{Ruby|四|<small><small><small>し</small></small></small>}}{{Ruby|郎|<small><small><small>らう</small></small></small>}}|Ishii Shirō}}, isang siruhano-heneral at hepe-medikal. Nag-organisa si Ishii ng isang lihim na grupo ng mga mananaliksik, ang yunit "Tōgō", para sa eksperimentasyong kemikal at biolohikal sa Manchuria. Habang dinakip at nilitis sa [[Mga Paglilitis ng mga Krimeng Pandigma sa Khabarovsk|Khabarovsk]] ng mga pwersang Sobyet ang mga mananaliksik at tauhan mula sa Yunit 731, ang mga nahuli ng mga Amerikano ay palihim na binigyan ng proteksyon sa pag-uusig kapalit ng mga datos na kanilang nakuha sa kanilang pag-eeksperimento sa mga tao.<ref name="Gold 2003 p1092">Hal Gold, ''Unit 731 Testimony'', 2003, p.&nbsp;109.</ref> Pinagtakpan ng Estados Unidos ang mga eksperimentong ito at pinasahod pa ang mga salarin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harris |first=Sheldon |date=1995-09-07 |title=Factories of Death |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/noe0415132060 |doi=10.4324/noe0415132060}}</ref> Noong 28 Agosto 2002, kinalala ng isang korte sa Tokyo na nagsagawa ng pakikidigmang biolohikal ang Hapon sa Tsina at pumatay sa napakaraming tao.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-08-28 |title=Ruling recognizes Unit 731 used germ warfare in China |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2002/08/28/national/ruling-recognizes-unit-731-used-germ-warfare-in-china/ |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=The Japan Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2002-08-28 |title=Japan guilty of germ warfare against thousands of Chinese |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/aug/28/artsandhumanities.japan |access-date=2023-01-03 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Pagkakatatag == [[Talaksan:Building_on_the_site_of_the_Harbin_bioweapon_facility_of_Unit_731_関東軍防疫給水部本部731部隊（石井部隊）日軍第731部隊旧址_PB121201.JPG|thumb| Isa sa mga gusali ng Yunit 731 sa [[Harbin]] na hindi matagumpay na nagiba ng mga salarin]] Nagsimula ang lihim na programa ng Hapon sa pagbuo ng mga biolohikal na sandata nito noong dekada 1930 sa kabila ng pagbabawal dito ng [[Kumbensyon ng Geneva]] noong 1925. Noon namang 1931, sinakop ng Hapon ang Manchuria. Nagpasya ang pamunuan ng hukbong Hapones na itayo ang Yunit 731 sa Manchuria hindi lang upang maging malayo sa pag-uusisa ng sentral na pamahalaan kundi dahil sa napakalaking batis ng mga Intsik na pwede at libre nilang magamit sa kanilang mga eksperimento.<ref name="montana12">{{cite web |date= |title=Japan - Insects, Disease, and History &#124; Montana State University |url=https://www.montana.edu/historybug/yersiniaessays/shama.html |access-date=2022-06-01 |publisher=Montana.edu}}</ref> Noong 1936, naglabas ng atas si Emperador [[Hirohito]] na nagpapahintulot sa pagpapalaki ng yunit at pagpapaloob nito sa [[Hukbo ng Kwantung]] bilang Kagawaran sa Pagsugpo ng Epidemya.<ref>Daniel Barenblat, ''A plague upon humanity'', 2004, p. 37.</ref> Mula Agosto 1940, nakilala ang yunit bilang "'''Kagawaran ng Pagsugpo sa Epidemya at Paglilinis ng Tubig ng Hukbo ng Kwantung'''" na pinaigsi sa "'''Yunit 731'''".<ref>Yuki Tanaka, ''Hidden Horrors'', 1996, p. 136.</ref> === Kuta ng Zhongma === Unang humimpil at nagsagawa ng pananaliksik sa Kuta ng Zhongma ang yunit Tōgō, isang kulungan at kampo sa isang sityo ng Beiyinhe, 100 km sa timog ng Harbin.<ref name=":0"/> Ilan sa mga preso na dinala sa kampo ay mga karaniwang kriminal, nahuling bandido at gerilyang anti-Hapones, mga [[presong pulitikal]], at mga kung sinu-sinong taong dinampot ng [[Kempeitai]] sa mga huwad na asunto. Sa simula, pinalusog muna ng mga tauhan ng yunit ang mga preso bago sila ubusan ng dugo, gutumin, uhawin, hawaan ng [[mikrobyo]], at [[Paghiwa nang buhay|hiwain nang buhay]].<ref name=":0" /> Gayunman, ang pagtakas ng ilang preso noong taglagas ng 1934 at isang pagsabog noong 1935 ay naging banta sa pagiging lihim ng pasilidad, kung kaya isinara ni Ishii ang nasabing kuta. Nakatanggap siya ng pahintulot na lumipat sa Pingfang, 24 kilometro sa timog ng Harbin, upang magtayo ng bago at mas malaking pasilidad.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harris |first=Sheldon |date=1995-09-07 |title=Factories of Death |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/noe0415132060 |doi=10.4324/noe0415132060}}</ref> === Paglipat sa Harbin === [[Talaksan:A_close_up_photo_of_the_Unit_731_square_building_taken_by_the_aviation_and_photography_class_of_Unit_731_in_1940.jpg|thumb| Mas malapitang larawan ng parisukat na gusali ng Yunit 731 noong 1940]] Dinampot ang mga taong ginamit sa mga eksperimento mula sa mga kanugnog na lugar at tinaguriang mga "troso" (''maruta'' sa wikang Hapones) upang alisan ng kanilang pagkatao.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harris |first=Sheldon |date=1995-09-07 |title=Factories of Death |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/noe0415132060 |doi=10.4324/noe0415132060}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Cook|first1=Haruko Taya|last2=Cook|first2=Theodore F.|title=Japan at war: an oral history|url=https://archive.org/details/japanatwaroralhi0000cook|edition=1st|year=1992|publisher=New Press|location=New York|isbn=1565840143|page=[https://archive.org/details/japanatwaroralhi0000cook/page/162 162]}}</ref> Ang mga bangkay ng mga biktima ay dinispatsa sa pamamagitan ng pagsunog.<ref name=":0"/> Inilathala ng mga mananaliksik sa Yunit 731 ang kanilang mga resulta sa mga [[Diyaryong akademiko|dyornal]], kung saan pinalabas nilang mga "unggoy" ang mga taong pinag-eksperimentuhan nila.<ref name="Harris 2002 p. 83">{{cite book|last=Harris|first=S.H.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yCZ6yr-J3dIC&pg=PA84|title=Factories of Death: Japanese Biological Warfare, 1932–1945, and the American Cover-up|publisher=Routledge|year=2002|isbn=978-0415932141|page=63|access-date=2017-07-08|archive-date=2022-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607175944/https://books.google.com/books?id=yCZ6yr-J3dIC|url-status=live}}</ref> === Iba pang kahalintulad na yunit === Bukod pa sa Yunit 731, kasama rin sa iniatas ni Hirohito ang paglikha ng mga dagdag na yunit sa pagbubuo ng mga biolohikal na sandata. Ang mga ito ay ang [[Yunit 100]] at [[Yunit 516]] ng Manchuria. Matapos salakayin ng Hapon ang iba pang bahagi ng Tsina noong 1937, nagtatag ng mga sangay na yunit sa mga malalaking lungsod na nasakop at tinagurian ang mga ito bilang mga "yunit panugpo ng epidemya at panustos ng tubig." Kabilang sa mga detatsment na ito ay ang [[Yunit 1855]] sa [[Beijing]], [[Yunit Ei 1644]] sa [[Nanjing]], [[Yunit 8604]] sa [[Guangzhou]], at [[Yunit 9420]] sa [[Singapura]]. Lahat ng mga yunit na ito ay magkakaugnay at pinangasiwaan ni Ishii at umabot sa 10,000 katao sa rurok nito noong 1939.<ref>{{cite web |title=Unit 731 and the Japanese Imperial Army's Biological Warfare Program – The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus |url=http://apjjf.org/-Tsuneishi-Keiichi/2194/article.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104190943/http://apjjf.org/-Tsuneishi-Keiichi/2194/article.html |archive-date=2018-01-04 |access-date=2017-10-27 |website=apjjf.org}}</ref> Naakit na magtrabaho o makipagtulungan dito ang mga doktor at propesor sa medisina sa Hapon dahil sa pambihirang pagkakataong makapagsagawa ng eksperimentasyon sa mga tao at sa laki ng pondong nilalaan dito ng hukbo.<ref name="NHK2">The Truth of Unit 731: Elite medical students and human experiments (2017).</ref> == Mga eksperimento == Dinampot ang mga taong ginamit sa mga eksperimento mula sa mga kanugnog na lugar at tinaguriang mga "troso" (''maruta'' sa wikang Hapones) upang alisan ng kanilang pagkatao.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harris |first=Sheldon |date=1995-09-07 |title=Factories of Death |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/noe0415132060 |doi=10.4324/noe0415132060}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Cook|first1=Haruko Taya|last2=Cook|first2=Theodore F.|title=Japan at war: an oral history|url=https://archive.org/details/japanatwaroralhi0000cook|edition=1st|year=1992|publisher=New Press|location=New York|isbn=1565840143|page=[https://archive.org/details/japanatwaroralhi0000cook/page/162 162]}}</ref> Ang mga bangkay ng mga biktima ay dinispatsa sa pamamagitan ng pagsunog.<ref name=":0"/> Inilathala ng mga mananaliksik sa Yunit 731 ang kanilang mga resulta sa mga [[Diyaryong akademiko|dyornal]], kung saan pinalabas nilang mga "unggoy" ang mga taong pinag-eksperimentuhan nila.<ref name="Harris 2002 p. 83"/> Ayon sa Amerikanong [[mananalaysay]] na si Sheldon Harris:<blockquote>Gumamit ng kahindik-hindik na mga kaparaanan ang Yunit Togo upang makakuha ng partikular na mga bahagi ng katawan. Kung nais ni Ishii o kanyang mga katrabaho ng piraso ng utak, maghahanap ang mga guwardiya ng preso at bibiyakin ang kanyang ulo gamit ng [[palakol]]. Kukunin ang kanyang utak at ibibigay sa isang patolohista, habang ang nalalabing bahagi ng katawan ay diniretso sa [[krematoryo]] para gawing abo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Harris |first=Sheldon |title=Factories of Death |url=http://the-eye.eu/public/concen.org/Sheldon%20H.%20Harris%20-%20Factories%20of%20Death%20-%20Japanese%20Biological%20Warfare%2C%201932-1945%2C%20and%20the%20American%20Cover-Up%20%28pdf%29%20-%20roflcopter2110%20%5BWWRG%5D/Sheldon%20H.%20Harris%20-%20Factories%20of%20Death%20-%20Japanese%20Biological%20Warfare%20%28pdf%29%20-%20roflcopter2110%20%5BWWRG%5D.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808225952/http://the-eye.eu/public/concen.org/Sheldon%20H.%20Harris%20-%20Factories%20of%20Death%20-%20Japanese%20Biological%20Warfare%2C%201932-1945%2C%20and%20the%20American%20Cover-Up%20%28pdf%29%20-%20roflcopter2110%20%5BWWRG%5D/Sheldon%20H.%20Harris%20-%20Factories%20of%20Death%20-%20Japanese%20Biological%20Warfare%20%28pdf%29%20-%20roflcopter2110%20%5BWWRG%5D.pdf |archive-date=2022-09-10 |access-date=2019-05-31 |page=28}}</ref></blockquote>Tinurukan ng mga nakakasakit na mikrobyo ang mga preso sa tabing ng [[pagbabakuna]],<ref>{{cite news |date=2014-05-28 |title=Pure Evil: Wartime Japanese Doctor Had No Regard for Human Suffering |language=en |website=Medical Bag |url=http://www.medicalbag.com/despicable-doctors/pure-evil-wartime-japanese-doctor-had-no-regard-for-human-suffering/article/472462/ |url-status=live |access-date=2017-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329140410/http://www.medicalbag.com/despicable-doctors/pure-evil-wartime-japanese-doctor-had-no-regard-for-human-suffering/article/472462/ |archive-date=2017-03-29}}</ref> upang maaral ang kanilang epekto. Upang malaman ang epekto ng hindi paggamot sa mga [[sakit na naipapasa sa pakikipagtalik]], sinadyang hawaan ang mga lalaki at babaeng preso ng [[sipilis]] at [[gonorea]], bago aralin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cuerda-Galindo |first=E. |last2=Sierra-Valentí |first2=X. |last3=González-López |first3=E. |last4=López-Muñoz |first4=F. |date=2014-10-01 |title=Syphilis and Human Experimentation From the First Appearance of the Disease to World War II: A Historical Perspective and Reflections on Ethics |url=http://www.actasdermo.org/en-syphilis-human-experimentation-from-first-articulo-S1578219014002030 |journal=Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas |language=es |volume=105 |issue=8 |pages=762–767 |doi=10.1016/j.adengl.2013.09.009 |issn=0001-7310}}</ref> Paulit-ulit ding [[Panggagahasa|ginahasa]] ang mga babaeng preso ng mga guwardiya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Unit 731: Overview |url=https://www.mtholyoke.edu/~kann20c/classweb/dw2/page1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308232538/http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~kann20c/classweb/dw2/page1.html |archive-date=2017-03-08 |access-date=2014-09-06 |work=mtholyoke.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Forced Pregnancy of Unit 731 |url=http://www.pacificatrocities.org/1/post/2018/08/forced-pregnancy-of-unit-731.html |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=Pacific Atrocities Education |language=en}}</ref> === Paghihiwa nang buhay (bibiseksyon) === Madalas na [[Paghiwa nang buhay|hinihiwa nang buhay]] ang mga preso matapos silang hawaan ng iba-ibang klase ng sakit. Nagsasagawa ng [[Maninistis|operasyon]] ang mga mananaliksik upang kunin ang laman-loob ng biktima at maaral ang naging epekto rito ng mikrobyo.<ref>{{cite web |title=Interview with former Unit 731 member Nobuo Kamada |url=http://www.technologyartist.com/unit_731/ |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061119053825/http://www.technologyartist.com/unit_731/ |archive-date=November 19, 2006 |access-date=February 5, 2004}}</ref> Libu-libong bata, sanggol, lalaki, at babae ang hiniwa nang buhay nang walang [[Gamot na pampamanhid|pampamanhid]], isang prosesong napakasakit at madalas humahantong sa kamatayan.<ref>Nicholas D. Kristof ''New York Times'', March 17, 1995.</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harris |first=Sheldon |date=1995-09-07 |title=Factories of Death |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/noe0415132060 |doi=10.4324/noe0415132060}}</ref><ref>Chan, J. (2020). ''Marutas Of Unit 731: Human Experimentation Of The Forgotten Asian Auschwitz''</ref> Sa isang panayam sa bidyo, umamin si Okawa Fukumatsu, isa sa mga dating tauhan ng Yunit 731, sa paghiwa nang buhay sa isang buntis.<ref name="vimeo12">{{cite web |title=(RARE) Unit 731 surgeon Okawa Fukumatsu (interview footage) |url=https://vimeo.com/manage/videos/625179260 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007074509/https://vimeo.com/manage/videos/625179260 |archive-date=2021-10-07 |access-date=2021-10-07 |website=(RARE) Unit 731 surgeon Okawa Fukumatsu (interview footage)}}</ref> [[Talaksan:Human_Dissection_Experiment_Room_at_Harbin's_731_Museum.jpg|thumb| Pagsasadula ng silid kung saan ginagawa ang paghihiwa nang buhay]] Bukod dito, [[Gapong|pinuputol]] ang mga binti at braso ng mga preso upang aralin ang proseso ng [[pagkaubos ng dugo]]. Minsan, muling itinatahi sa magkabaliktad na bahagi ng katawan ng mga biktima ang mga pinutol na braso o binti. May ilang mga biktima naman ang inalisan ng [[sikmura]] at pinagdugtong ang [[lalanga]] sa [[bituka]]. Ang ilan naman ay inalisan ng utak, [[Baga (anatomiya)|baga]], at [[atay]].<ref name="dissect2">{{cite news |author=Richard Lloyd Parry |date=February 25, 2007 |title=Dissect them alive: order not to be disobeyed |newspaper=Times Online |location=London |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article1438491.ece |url-status=live |access-date=February 26, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523225449/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article1438491.ece |archive-date=May 23, 2011}}</ref> Sa pakikipagpanayam ng pahayagang [[New York Times|''New York Times'']] sa isang dating tauhan ng yunit na tumangging ilabas ang kanyang pangalan, ikinuwento niya ang unang beses niyang paghiwa nang buhay sa isang taong sinadyang hawaan ng sakit na [[bubonik]], na bahagi ng layuning makalikha ng mga bombang gumagamit ng mikrobyong nagdudulot nito:<blockquote>"Alam na ng biktima na wala nang pag-asa para sa kanya, kung kaya hindi na siya nanlaban nang dinala siya sa silid at ginapos siya, subalit nang pinulot ko ang [[panistis]], nagsimula siyang humiyaw. Binuksan ko siya sa pamamagitan ng paghiwa mula sa dibdib hanggang sa tiyan at napakatindi ng kanyang sigaw, ang kanyang mukha'y namamaluktot sa hirap. Gumawa siya nang hindi mawaring tunog, matindi ang paghuhumiyaw niya. Pero tumigil din siya kalaunan. Ito'y bahagi lamang ng mga gawain sa araw-araw ng mga siruhano, subalit nag-iwan ito sa akin ng alaala dahil unang beses ko ginawa iyon.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Kristof |first=Nicholas D. |date=1995-03-17 |title=Unmasking Horror -- A special report.; Japan Confronting Gruesome War Atrocity |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/17/world/unmasking-horror-a-special-report-japan-confronting-gruesome-war-atrocity.html |access-date=2023-01-03 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref></blockquote>Gayunman, ayon sa iba pang mga nagsagawa ng paghihiwa, karaniwang binubusalan ang mga biktima ng trapo o gasa bago ang operasyon.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Yang|first1=Yanjun|title=Japan's Biological Warfare in China|date=2016|publisher=Foreign Language Press|location=Beijing|page=13}}</ref> === Pagsubok at paggamit ng mga biolohikal na armas === [[Talaksan:Building_on_the_site_of_the_Harbin_bioweapon_facility_of_Unit_731_関東軍防疫給水部本部731部隊（石井部隊）日軍第731部隊旧址_PB121178a_ボイラー楝跡.JPG|thumb| Mga labi ng gusali ng Yunit 731 para sa pagpapakulo ng mga mikrobyo]] [[Talaksan:Building on the site of the Harbin bioweapon facility of Unit 731 関東軍防疫給水部本部731部隊（石井部隊）日軍第731部隊旧址 PB121165.JPG|thumb|Modelo ng bombang nagtataglay ng mga mikrobyo (kanan) na dinisenyo ng mga tauhan ng Yunit]] Ang Yunit 731 at kaakibat nitong mga grupo ay dawit sa pagsasaliksik, pagbuo, at eksperimental na paggamit ng mga biolohikal na armas laban sa populasyon ng mga sibilyan at sundalong Hapones. Halimbawa, noong 1940 at 1941, pinakalat sa pamamagitan ng mga eroplano sa mga lungsod ng Ningbo at Changde ang mga [[Kuto|kutong]] may dala-dalang mikrobyong [[bubonik]] na pinarami sa mga laboratoryo ng Yunit 731 at Yunit 1644.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Roblin |first=Sebastien |date=2017-07-17 |title=Fact: Japan Wanted to Drop Plague Bombs on America Using 'Aircraft Carrier' Subs |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/fact-japan-wanted-drop-plague-bombs-america-using-aircraft-21555 |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=The National Interest |language=en}}</ref> Ikinatuwa naman ng mga mananaliksik ng yunit na nagdulot ng epidemya ng [[tipus]] sa Nanjing ang pagpapakalat nila ng mikrobyo nito sa mga balon, latian, bahay, at mga pagkaing pinamigay nila, pagka't ito'y patunay na isa ang tipus sa pinakaepektibong mikrobyong pandigma.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harris |first=Sheldon |date=1995-09-07 |title=Factories of Death |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/noe0415132060 |doi=10.4324/noe0415132060}}</ref> Bumuo at naghulog din sa iba't ibang lugar ng mga bombang yari sa [[porselana]], isang ideyang minungkahi ni Ishii noon pang 1938, na naglalaman ng mga mikrobyong may [[anthrax]], tipus, [[kolera]], at iba pang mga mikrobyo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-10-01 |title=Japan’s Deadliest Weapons |url=https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/2020/october/japans-deadliest-weapons |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=U.S. Naval Institute |language=en}}</ref> Naghulog din ng mga pagkain at damit na may mikrobyo sa mga lugar na di pa nasasakop ng mga Hapones. Namigay din ng kontaminadong mga pagkain sa mga walang-muwang na biktima. Nagdulot ang mga epidemyang nag-ugat sa mga ito ng hindi bababa sa 400,000 na patay na mga sibilyang Instik.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Barenblatt|first1=Daniel|title=A Plague upon Humanity: The Secret Genocide of Axis Japan's Germ Warfare Operation|date=2004|publisher=Harper|location=New York|isbn=978-0060186258|pages=[https://archive.org/details/plagueuponhumani00bare/page/163 163–175]|edition=1|url=https://archive.org/details/plagueuponhumani00bare/page/163}}</ref> Sinubok din ang sakit na [[Tularemia]] sa mga sibilyan.<ref>[https://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/epr/historyofbt/wmcc/07_tularemia_cc.wmv Video] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921143738/https://ftp.cdc.gov/pub/epr/historyofbt/wmcc/07_tularemia_cc.wmv|date=2017-09-21}} adapted from "Biological Warfare & Terrorism: The Military and Public Health Response", [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]].</ref> Dahil sa dami ng ulat ng pag-atake sa mga mamamayan gamit ng mga biolohikal na sandata, nagpadala ng delegasyon ng mga imbestigador si [[Chiang Kai-shek]] sa Changde upang magtala ng ebidensya at gamutin ang mga biktima. Gayunman, noon lang 1943 naglabas ng pahayag ang noo'y pangulo ng Estados Unidos na si [[Franklin Roosevelt]] na kumundena sa mga pag-atake at nagbabala sa Hapon sa paggamit ng mga armas na ito.<ref>{{cite web |title=Biohazard: Unit 731 and the American Cover-Up |url=https://www.umflint.edu/sites/default/files/groups/Research_and_Sponsored_Programs/MOM/b.altheide.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731012542/https://www.umflint.edu/sites/default/files/groups/Research_and_Sponsored_Programs/MOM/b.altheide.pdf |archive-date=2019-07-31 |access-date=2019-05-31 |website=[[University of Michigan–Flint]] |page=5}}</ref> Noong mga huling buwan ng Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig, binalak ng yunit na magpakalat ng bubonik sa San Diego sa California gamit ng mga pilotong [[Kamikaze (piloto)|kamikaze]], isang operasyong kinodahan na "''Bulaklak ng sersa sa gabi.''" <ref>{{Cite news |last=Kristof |first=Nicholas D. |date=17 March 1995 |title=Unmasking Horror – A special report.; Japan Confronting Gruesome War Atrocity |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/17/world/unmasking-horror-a-special-report-japan-confronting-gruesome-war-atrocity.html}}</ref> Ang plano ay nakatakda sanang ilunsad sa 22 Setyembre 1945, ngunit naunahan nang limang linggo ng [[pagsuko ng mga Hapones]]. <ref>Naomi Baumslag, ''Murderous Medicine: Nazi Doctors, Human Experimentation, and Typhus'', 2005, p. 207</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Amy Stewart |date=April 25, 2011 |title=Where To Find The World's Most 'Wicked Bugs': Fleas |work=NPR.org |publisher=National Public Radio |url=https://www.npr.org/2011/04/25/135638924/where-to-find-the-worlds-most-wicked-bugs |url-status=live |access-date=April 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421145109/https://www.npr.org/2011/04/25/135638924/where-to-find-the-worlds-most-wicked-bugs |archive-date=April 21, 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Russell Working |date=June 5, 2001 |title=The trial of Unit 731 |work=The Japan Times |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2001/06/05/commentary/world-commentary/the-trial-of-unit-731/ |url-status=live |access-date=December 30, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726065251/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2001/06/05/commentary/world-commentary/the-trial-of-unit-731/ |archive-date=July 26, 2017}}</ref> === Pagsubok sa mga kumbensyonal na armas === Gumamit ng mga aktwal na tao bilang target ng mga [[Granada (pampasabog)|granadang]] inihagis mula sa iba't ibang puwesto at layo. Maging ang mga [[flamethrower]] ay sinubok din sa mga tao.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hickey |first1=Doug |last2=Li |first2=Scarllet Sijia |last3=Morrison |first3=Ceila |last4=Schulz |first4=Richard |last5=Thiry |first5=Michelle |last6=Sorensen |first6=Kelly |date=April 2017 |title=Unit 731 and Moral Repair |journal=Journal of Medical Ethics |volume=43 |issue=4 |pages=270–276 |doi=10.1136/medethics-2015-103177 |pmid=27003420 |s2cid=20475762}}</ref> Ginapos din sa mga poste ang mga biktima at ginawang target upang subukan ang mga bomba, pampasabog na may iba't ibang dami ng bubog, at maging mga bayoneta at kutsilyo.<ref>Monchinski, Tony (2008). ''Critical Pedagogy and the Everyday Classroom''. Volumen 3 de Explorations of Educational Purpose. Springer, p. 57. {{ISBN|1402084625}}</ref><ref>Neuman, William Lawrence (2008). ''Understanding Research''. Pearson/Allyn and Bacon, p. 65. {{ISBN|0205471536}}</ref> === Iba pang samu't saring mga eksperimento === Bukod sa mga nabanggit, samu't saring eksperimentasyon sa mga tao pa ang ginawa ng yunit. Ilan sa mga ito ay ang:<ref>Dwight R. Rider, [http://www.mansell.com/Resources/Rider_Whos_Who_in_Japanese_BW_2018-10-09_IN_PROCESS--SEEK-PERMISSION-TO-USE.pdf ''Japan’s Biological and Chemical Weapons Programs; War Crimes and Atrocities: Who’s Who, What’s What and Where’s Where – 1928-1945''], 14 November 2018 3rd Edition, p. 119, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101094710/http://www.mansell.com/Resources/Rider_Whos_Who_in_Japanese_BW_2018-10-09_IN_PROCESS--SEEK-PERMISSION-TO-USE.pdf|date=2021-11-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Harris |first=Sheldon |date=1995-09-07 |title=Factories of Death |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/noe0415132060 |doi=10.4324/noe0415132060}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=McCurry |first=Justin |date=2018-04-17 |title=Unit 731: Japan discloses details of notorious chemical warfare division |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/17/japan-unit-731-imperial-army-second-world-war |access-date=2023-07-23 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cranmer |first=Valerie J. |date=2023-03-29 |title=In Judgment of Unit 731: A Comparative Study of Medical War Crimes Trials after World War ii |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/jaer/30/1/article-p32_003.xml |journal=Journal of American-East Asian Relations |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=32–60 |doi=10.1163/18765610-30010002 |issn=1058-3947}}</ref><ref name=":4">Gold, H. (2019). ''Japan's Infamous Unit 731: Firsthand Accounts of Japan's Wartime Human Experimentation Program''. Tuttle Classics. </ref><ref>Eckart, W.U. (2006). ''Man, Medicine, and the State: The Human Body as an Object of Government Sponsored Medical Research in the 20th Century''. Franz Steiner Verlag.</ref> * pagsukat sa kung gaano kababa ang presyon na kailangan para lumuwa palabas ang mata mula sa kinalalagyan nito * paglalantad sa maiinit na temperatura upang malaman ang hangganan ng kakayanan ng katawan * pagsukat sa oras na aabutin bago mamatay ang taong matagal na nakasabit nang patiwarik * pag-ipit ng mga mabibigat na bagay * epekto ng kuryente * pagkaubos ng tubig sa katawan sa pamamagitan ng pagpaypay ng mainit na hangin * pag-iikot sa ''[[centrifuge]]'' hanggang sa mamatay * pagturok ng dugo ng kabayo o tubig-dagat * paglantad sa nakamamatay na dosis ng [[x-ray]] * pagkulong sa mga biktima sa gas chamber na may nakalalasong gaas tulad ng [[posgino]] (''phosgene''), ''[[mustard gas]]'', at [[puting posporus]] * pagsunog o paglibing nang buhay * pagpapainom, pagturok, o pagpapakain ng nakalalasong mga kemikal tulad ng ''tetrodotoxin'', [[heroina]], at ''ricin'' * pagtuturok at paglilipat ng iba't ibang uri ng dugo (blood type) {{Pagbanggit|text="Ayon sa mga saksi, naembalsamo nang buhay ang mga kawawang lalaki, babae, at bata sa proseso ng pagkaubos ng tubig sa kanilang katawan. Namawis sila hanggang sa mamatay dahil sa init ng ilang pamaypay na naghihipan ng mainit na tuyong hangin. Sa kanilang pagkamatay, tumitimbang lang ng ≈1/5 ng normal na timbang ng katawan ang kanilang bangkay."|source=Hal Gold. (2019). ''Japan's Infamous Unit 731: Firsthand Accounts of Japan's Wartime Human Experimentation Program''}} ==== Pagsubok sa epekto ng ''frostbite'' ==== Nagsagawa ng eksperimentasyon sa ''frostbite'' ang isang inhinyeryo ng hukbo ng Yunit 731 na si Hisato Yoshimura sa pamamagitan ng paglantad ng mga bilanggo sa napakababang mga temperatura<ref>{{cite book|last1=Emanuel|first1=Ezekiel|last2=Grady|first2=Christine|last3=Crouch|first3=Robert|last4=Lie|first4=Reidar|last5=Miller|first5=Franklin|title=The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics|date=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=US|page=36}}</ref> at paglubog ng bahagi ng kamay at paa sa nagyeyelong tubig hanggang manigas.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Self Determination by Imperial Japanese Doctors |url=http://www.lit.osaka-cu.ac.jp/user/tsuchiya/gyoseki/presentation/UNESCOkumamoto07.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190531063454/http://www.lit.osaka-cu.ac.jp/user/tsuchiya/gyoseki/presentation/UNESCOkumamoto07.html |archive-date=2019-05-31 |access-date=2019-05-31 |website=www.lit.osaka-cu.ac.jp}}</ref> Kapag nanigas na ang mga ito, papaluin ng patpat ni Yoshimura ang apektadong mga bahagi, na lumilikha ng tunog na katulad ng "tunog ng tabla" kapag ito'y hinampas.<ref name="Kristor">{{Cite news |last=Kristof |first=Nicholas D. |date=March 17, 1995 |title=Unmasking Horror – A special report.; Japan Confronting Gruesome War Atrocity |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/03/17/world/unmasking-horror-a-special-report-japan-confronting-gruesome-war-atrocity.html |access-date=28 April 2022}}</ref> Pagkatapos nito, pipilasin ang nanigas na bahagi nang dahan-dahan at isasailalim sa iba pang proseso tulad ng paglubog sa kumukulo o maligamgam na tubig, paglantad sa apoy, at iba pa.<ref>https://www.eubios.info/EJ106/EJ106C.htm</ref> Inamin ni Yoshimura ang kawalan niya ng pagsisisi nang inamin niya sa isang artikulo ng pisyolohiya noong 1950 na gumamit siya ng 20 bata at isang sanggol na tatlong araw pa lang ang edad sa mga eksperimentong naglantad sa kanila sa nagyeyelong tubig at tubig-dagat<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Yoshimura |first=Hisato |last2=Iida |first2=Toshiyuki |date=1951 |title=Studies on the Reactivity of Skin Vessels to Extreme Cold |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jjphysiol1950/2/0/2_0_177/_article |journal=The Japanese Journal of Physiology |volume=2 |pages=177–185 |doi=10.2170/jjphysiol.2.177}}</ref> at tinanggi niyang may mali siyang ginawa sa isang panayam sa pahayang ''Mainichi Shimbun''.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kei-ichi|first1=Tsuneishi|last2=Asano|first2=Tomizo|title=Kieta saikin-sen butai to jiketsu shita futari no igakusha|trans-title=The biological warfare unit and two physicians who committed suicide|language=ja|date=1982|publisher=Shinchosha|location=Tokyo}}</ref> [[Talaksan:Scan_Of_Yoshimura_Hisato's_Frostbite_Research_Data.png|thumb| Sipi ng datos ni Yoshimura Hisato mula sa kanyang eksperimentasyon ng ''frostbite'' sa tao]] ==== Mga eksperimento sa sipilis ==== Ayon sa salaysay ng isang guwardiya, pinupwersa ng mga tauhan ng yunit na magtalik ang mga bilanggong may [[Sakit na naipapasa sa pakikipagtalik|sakit na sekswal]] tulad ng [[sipilis]] at mga malusog na preso: {{Pagbanggit|[Dahil hindi gumagana ang paghawa ng sekswal na nakahahawang sakit sa pamamagitan ng pagturok], inabandona ito, [sa halip] sinimulang pwersahin ng mga mananaliksik na makipagtalik ang mga bilanggo sa isa't isa. Pinangasiwaan ng apat o limang miyembro ng yunit ang mga pagsubok, habang nakasuot sila ng puting pananamit na nakikita lang ang kanilang mata at bibig. Ang isang lalaki at isang babae, isa sa kanila ay may sipilis, ay ikukulong sa isang lugar at pupuwersahing makipagtalik sa isa't isa. Nilinaw sa kanila na ang sinumang tatanggi ay babarilin.<ref>Gold, H. (2019). Japan's Infamous Unit 731: Firsthand Accounts of Japan's Wartime Human Experimentation Program. Tuttle Classics. </ref>}} Matapos mahawaan ng sakit ang mga biktima, hinihiwa sila nang buhay sa iba't ibang yugto ng impeksyon upang malaman kung ano ang epekto ng sipilis sa laman-loob at labas na bahagi ng katawan sa proseso ng paglala nito. Sinisisi ng mga guwardiya ang mga babaeng biktima bilang nagdadala ng sakit na mga ito kahit na pinwersa silang hawaan. Tinawag na "tinapay na puno ng palaman" ng mga guwardiya ang ari ng mga babaeng nahawaan ng sipilis.<ref name="gold-testimony2">{{cite book|title=Unit 731 Testimony|last1=Gold|first1=Hal|date=2011|publisher=Tuttle Pub.|isbn=978-1462900824|edition=1st|location=New York|pages=157–158}}</ref> Maging ang mga bata na anak ng mga biktima at nahawaan ng sipilis ay inaral din sa kaparehong kaparaanang dinanas ng kanilang magulang. ==== Panggagahasa at sapilitang pambubuntis ==== Pinwersang magbuntis ang ilang mga babaeng preso para magamit sa mga eksperimento. Ilan sa mga pag-aaral na ginawa ay may kinalaman sa pagsukat sa kakayahang mabuhay ng di pa nasisilang na sanggol at epekto ng pagkakapasa ng sipilis mula sa ina papunta sa anak. Hinihinalang pinatay ang mga anak ng babaeng preso o nilaglag matapos magamit sa mga eksperimento.<ref name="gold-testimony3">{{cite book|title=Unit 731 Testimony|last1=Gold|first1=Hal|date=2011|publisher=Tuttle Pub.|isbn=978-1462900824|edition=1st|location=New York|pages=157–158}}</ref><ref>Chan, J. (2020). ''Marutas Of Unit 731: Human Experimentation Of The Forgotten Asian Auschwitz''</ref> Pinakita ng salaysay ng isa pang kasapi ng yunit ang realidad na biktima rin ng mga krimeng sekswal ang mga babaeng bilanggo:<ref name="gold-testimony3" /> {{Pagbanggit|Isa sa mga nakausap kong dating mananaliksik ay nagsabi na isang araw, mayroon silang nakatakdang isagawa na eksperimentasyon sa tao subalit may oras pa para pumatay. Kung kaya, kinuha niya at ng isa pang kasapi ng yunit ang susi sa mga kulungan at binuksan ang isang naglalaman ng isang Intsik na babae. Ginahasa ang babae ng isa sa mga kasapi ng yunit; kinuha ng isa pa ang susi at binuksan ang isa pang kulungan. May isang babaeng Intsik doon na ginamit sa isang eksperimento sa ''frostbite''. Wala na siyang ilang daliri at nangingitim na ang kanyang mga buto dahil sa [[gangrina]]. Gagahasain pa rin niya sana ang babae, subalit nakita niyang [[nana (anatomiya)|nagnanana]] na ang ari ng babae. Nagbago siya ng isip, umalis, kinandado ang pinto, at pumunta na lang sa kanyang trabaho sa pag-eeksperimento.}} == Mga ikinulong at naging biktima == Tinaya ng isang pandaigdigang symposium noong 2002 sa Changde sa Tsina na maaaring umabot sa 580,000 ang dami ng mga pinatay ng [[Hukbong Imperyal ng Hapon]] sa mga eksperimentasyon nito sa tao at sa pagsalakay nito gamit ng mga biolohikal na armas.<ref>{{Cite web |last=OpenLibrary.org |title=A plague upon humanity by Daniel Barenblatt {{!}} Open Library |url=https://openlibrary.org/works/OL273370W/A_Plague_upon_Humanity |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=Open Library |language=tl}}</ref> Samantala, ayon sa mananalaysay na si Sheldon Harris, lampas 200,000 ang namatay.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Harris |first=Sheldon |date=1995-09-07 |title=Factories of Death |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/noe0415132060 |doi=10.4324/noe0415132060}}</ref> Hindi pa kasama sa mga bilang na ito ang 1,700 na sariling sundalo ng hukbong Hapones na namatay bunga ng aksidenteng pagkakalantad nila sa sarili nilang mga biolohikal na sandata habang nilulusob nila ang lalawigan ng [[Zhejiang]] noong 1942.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Unit 731 and the Japanese Imperial Army's Biological Warfare Program |url=https://apjjf.org/-Tsuneishi-Keiichi/2194/article.html |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus}}</ref> Hindi rin natapos sa pagsuko ng Hapon ang perwisyong dinulot ng biolohikal na pakikidigma ng mga pwersa nito sa Tsina sapagkat nagdulot pa ng pagsambulat ng mga kaso ng [[bubonik]] ang mga hayop na nanatiling nagtaglay ng mikrobyo nito. May 30,000 katao sa bisinidad ng Harbin ang namatay bunga ng bubonik mula 1946 hanggang 1948.<ref name=":0" /> Sa kampo pa lamang ng Yunit 731 sa Harbin, hindi bababa sa 3,000 bata, babae, at lalaki<ref name=":5">Foreign Languages Publishing House. (1950). ''Materials on the Trial of Former Servicemen of the Japanese Army Charged with Manufacturing and Employing Bacteriological Weapons.'' https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=ARojAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Enriquez |first=Sam |date=1988-12-18 |title=Memos Say U.S. Hid Japanese War Crime |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-12-18-me-1014-story.html |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=THE NUREMBERG CODE REVISITED |url=https://www.lit.osaka-cu.ac.jp/user/tsuchiya/gyoseki/presentation/IAB5.html |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=www.lit.osaka-cu.ac.jp |archive-date=2023-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724041901/https://www.lit.osaka-cu.ac.jp/user/tsuchiya/gyoseki/presentation/IAB5.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=代艳 |title=Evidence confirms germ warfare and more by Japanese Unit 731 |url=https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202207/13/WS62cd34f2a310fd2b29e6be75.html |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=global.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref><ref>https://www.newsweek.com/identities-japanese-war-crimes-unit-killed-pows-released-889544</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Cook |first=Michael |title=Complicity after the fact |url=https://www.consciencelaws.org/background/procedures/torture001.aspx |access-date=2023-07-23 |website=Protection of Conscience Project |language=en |archive-date=2023-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724041859/https://www.consciencelaws.org/background/procedures/torture001.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> (at 600 kada taon mula rito ay mula sa mga dinukot ng [[Kempeitai]]<ref>Yuki Tanaka, ''Hidden Horrors'', Westviewpress, 1996, p. 138</ref>) ang sinailalim sa eksperimentasyon at namatay, di pa kasama ang biktima ng iba pang mga Yunit tulad ng sa Yunit 100.<ref>{{cite web |title=[IAB8] Imperial Japanese Medical Atrocities |url=http://www.lit.osaka-cu.ac.jp/user/tsuchiya/gyoseki/presentation/IAB8.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043000/http://www.lit.osaka-cu.ac.jp/user/tsuchiya/gyoseki/presentation/IAB8.html |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2016-10-02 |work=osaka-cu.ac.jp}}</ref> Ayon naman sa dating kasapi ng yunit na si Okawa Fukumatsu, masyado raw mababa ang mga tantyang ito at sa halip ay lampas 10,000 katao ang kanilang naging biktima dahil sa sarili niyang tantya ay mga ilang libo ring katao ang kanyang hiniwa nang personal.<ref name="vimeo13">{{cite web |title=(RARE) Unit 731 surgeon Okawa Fukumatsu (interview footage) |url=https://vimeo.com/manage/videos/625179260 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007074509/https://vimeo.com/manage/videos/625179260 |archive-date=2021-10-07 |access-date=2021-10-07 |website=(RARE) Unit 731 surgeon Okawa Fukumatsu (interview footage)}}</ref> Wala sa mga ikinulong sa Yunit 731 ang lumabas nang buhay. Madalas silang dinadala roon sa gabi sakay ng isang itim na sasakyang walang bintana ngunit may butas para sa bentilasyon.<ref name=":1">Chan, J. (2020). ''Marutas Of Unit 731: Human Experimentation Of The Forgotten Asian Auschwitz''</ref> Matapos salubungin ng espesyal na grupong panseguridad na pinamumunuan ng kapatid ni Ishii ang bagong-dating na bilanggo, pararaanin siya sa isang lihim na lagusan sa ilalim ng sentral na gusali ng yunit papasok sa mga selda.<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Not stated-->|title=Materials On The Trial Of Former Servicemen Of The Japanese Army Charged With Manufacturing And Employing Bacteriological Weapons|date=1950|publisher=Foreign Languages Publishing House|location=Moscow|page=117}}</ref> May hiwalay na kulungan para sa kababaihan at mga bata (Gusali Blg. 8) at sa kalalakihan (Gusali Blg. 7).<ref name=":2">Chan, J. (2020). ''Marutas Of Unit 731: Human Experimentation Of The Forgotten Asian Auschwitz''</ref> Pagdating sa kulungan, kukuhanan ng dugo at dumi at iba pang medikal na pagsusukat ang mga tekniko kaugnay ng pangangatawan ng magiging biktima.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gold|first1=Hal|title=Japan's Infamous Unit 731|url=https://archive.org/details/japansinfamousun0000halg|date=2019|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|location=Japan|page=311}}</ref> Simula roon, buburahin na ang kanilang pangalan at tatakdaan at tutukuyin na sila gamit ng numerong may tatlong tambilang hanggang sa sila'y patayin. Kapag nakaligtas ang isang preso matapos sumailalim sa isang eksperimento, maaari pa rin siyang gamitin sa isa pang eksperimento hanggang sa sila ay mamatay sa proseso o ipapatay ng mga mananaliksik dahil hindi na kapaki-pakinabang gamitin.<ref name=":0"/> Sa karaniwan, umaabot sa dalawang buwan lang ang itinatagal ng buhay ng mga bilanggo bagaman may iilan na umaabot ng halos isang taon; may ilang mga babaeng preso na doon na rin sa kulungan nanganganak.<ref name=":2" /> Kada may mamamatay na bilanggo, inaalis ng isang kawani ang numero niya at itatalaga sa isa na namang bagong-dating na bilanggo.<ref name=":1" /> Kapag umaabot sa numero '3,000' ang linya ng mga itinalagang numero, ibinabalik ulit sa numerong '1' ang pagbibilang, isang tusong sistemang ipinatupad ni Ishii upang ikubli ang kabuuang bilang ng mga biktima ng kanilang mga eksperimento.<ref name=":0" /> [[Talaksan:2014 9-18 Mukden Incident Museum Diorama of Unit 731 Biological and Chemical Warfare Experimentation.jpg|thumb|Mga manika sa museo ng Yunit 731 na sinasadula ang kinahihinatnan ng mga biktima nito]] Bagaman napakataas ng seguridad ng mga gusali ng Yunit, may isang naiulat na pagtatangkang tumakas ng isang bilanggo. Isinalaysay ni Korporal Kikuchi Norimitsu na ayon sa isa pang kasapi ng Yunit ay mayroon daw silang bihag na naging "bayolente," pinukpok ang nag-eeksperimento sa kanya ng hawakan ng pinto, tumalon sa silid, tumakbo sa pasilyo, dinukot ang mga susi, at binuksan ang bakal na mga pinto ng ilang mga selda kung saan may ilang mga preso ang lumundag din palabas. Kalauna'y nahabol at nabaril din ng mga guwardiya ang lahat ng mga nagtangkang tumakas.<ref>Foreign Languages Publishing House. (1950). ''Materials on the Trial of Former Servicemen of the Japanese Army Charged with Manufacturing and Employing Bacteriological Weapons.'' https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=ARojAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> Gayunman, may mga bihirang pagkakataon na maging ang mga kasapi ng Yunit ay maaaring maging biktima ng eksperimentasyon. Ayon kay Yoshio Tamura, isang katulong sa espesyal na grupo ng Yunit, may isang empleyado sila na nagngangalang Yoshio Sudō na nahawa ng [[bubonik]] habang nagpaparami ng bacteriang nagdudulot ng sakit na ito. Inatasan sila na hiwain nang buhay si Sudō. Sa salaysay ni Tamura:<ref>Yang, Y.J. and Tam, Y.H. (2018). ''Unit 731: Laboratory of the Devil, Auschwitz of the East: Japanese Biological Warfare in China 1933-45''. [https://www.google.com.ph/books/edition/Unit_731_Laboratory_of_the_Devil_Auschwi/-95YDwAAQBAJ?hl=fil&gbpv=1&dq=living+teenager+dissected&pg=RA1-PA74&printsec=frontcover Pahina 74]. </ref> {{Pagbanggit|text=Noong ilang araw lang, ganadong-ganadong makipag-usap si Sudō ngunit ngayon ay kasing payat na ng kalaykay at napakaraming [[bubonik|lilang batik]] sa kanyang katawan. May isang malaking bahagi sa kanyang dibdib ang nagdurugo na dahil sa pagkamot nang pagkamot. Iyak siya nang iyak sa hapdi at hirap huminga. Nilinis ko ang buong katawan niya gamit ng pamuksa ng mikrobyo. Kada galaw niya, humigpit ang tali sa kanyang leeg. Matapos maingat na suriin [ng surihano] ang katawan ni Sudō, iniabot ko ang kutsilyong panistis [sa surihano], na habang hawak ito, ay agad iginuhit sa tiyan ni Sudō at hiniwa pailalim. Sumigaw si Sudō ng "Hayop ka!" at namatay matapos ang kanyang huling salita na ito.|source=Han Xiao at Xin Peilin. ''Criminal History of Unit 731 of the Japanese Military'', pp. 118–119 (1991)}} Bukod pa rito, isinalaysay ng kasapi ng Youth Corps na si Yoshio Shinozuka na hiniwa nang buhay ang kanyang kaibigang katulong na si Mitsuo Hirakawa matapos aksidenteng mahawa ng bubonik.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rogers |first=Wendy |date=2011-05-20 |title=The Oxford textbook of clinical research ethics Ezekiel Emanuel, Christine Grady, Robert Crouch, Reidar Lie, Franklin Miller, David Wendler, Oxford University Press, 2008. No. of pages: 848. Price: $150.00. ISBN13: 9780195168655, ISBN10: 0195168658 Hardba: BOOK REVIEW |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/sim.4221 |journal=Statistics in Medicine |language=en |volume=30 |issue=11 |pages=1324–1325 |doi=10.1002/sim.4221}}</ref> Habang nalalapit na ang pagkabigo ng pwersang Hapon sa digmaan, lahat ng natitirang mga bilanggo ng yunit at ang mga empleyadong Intsik at Manchurian nito ay ipinag-utos na patayin upang maitago ang lahat ng pwedeng sumaksi sa krimen ng mga nagpatakbo ng nito.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Brody |first1=H. |last2=Leonard |first2=S. E. |last3=Nie |first3=J. B. |last4=Weindling |first4=P. |year=2014 |title=United States Responses to Japanese Wartime Inhuman Experimentation after World War II: National Security and Wartime Exigency |journal=Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=220–230 |doi=10.1017/S0963180113000753 |pmc=4487829 |pmid=24534743}}</ref> == Ilang kilalang mga kasapi == May tatlong uri ng mga kilalang kasapi ng Yunit. Una ay ang mga nabihag ng mga Intsik sa katapusan ng digmaan at kalauna'y pinakawalan at naglabas ng mga pahayag at salaysay kaugnay ng Yunit at mga krimeng ginawa roon. Ilan sa mga kasapi ng unang grupong ito na lumantad sa publiko ay sina:<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131017182830/http://www.ne.jp/asahi/tyuukiren/web-site/backnumber/07/sinoduka_nyuukoku.htm</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kawana |first=Sari |date=2005 |title=Mad Scientists and Their Prey: Bioethics, Murder, and Fiction in Interwar Japan |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/25064536 |journal=The Journal of Japanese Studies |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=89–120 |issn=0095-6848}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CHINA TODAY |url=http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/english/report/2015-08/27/content_701679.htm |access-date=2023-07-24 |website=www.chinatoday.com.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Witnesses recount WWII trials - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn |url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-06/10/c_1310001301.htm |access-date=2023-07-24 |website=www.xinhuanet.com |archive-date=2023-07-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724041901/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-06/10/c_1310001301.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Ken Yuasa]] * Yoshio Shinozuka * Shigeru Fujita * Tadayuki Furumi <gallery mode="packed"> Yuasa Ken.jpg|thumb|[[Ken Yuasa]] 古海忠之.jpg|thumb|Tadayuki Furumi </gallery> Ang ikalawang uri ay ang mga tauhang nakatakas papunta sa Hapon bago nalupig ng mga pwersang Sobyet ang Manchuria. Kalauna'y hindi hinabla ng mga pwersang Amerikano para sa kanilang mga krimen ang mga tauhang ito kapalit ng datos na kanilang nakalap sa kanilang mga eksperimento. Ilan sa mga ito ay sina:<ref name=":0"/><ref>Chan, J. (2020). ''Marutas Of Unit 731: Human Experimentation Of The Forgotten Asian Auschwitz''</ref><ref>Gold, H. (2019). ''Japan's Infamous Unit 731: Firsthand Accounts of Japan's Wartime Human Experimentation Program''. Tuttle Classics. </ref><ref>http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202207/12/WS62cd34f2a310fd2b29e6be75_2.html</ref><ref>https://www.archives.gov/files/iwg/japanese-war-crimes/select-documents.pdf</ref> * Tin. Hen. [[Shiro Ishii]] * Tin. Hen. Ryoichi Naito * May. Hen. [[Masaji Kitano]] * Yoshimura Hisato * Kazuhisa Kanagawa * Hitoshi Kikuchi <gallery mode="packed"> Shiro-ishii.jpg|thumb|[[Shiro Ishii]] Ryōichi Naitō.png|thumb|Ryoichi Naito Masaji kitano.jpg|[[Masaji Kitano]] Yoshimura Hisato.jpg|Yoshimura Hisato </gallery> Inilabas din noong 2018 ng Pambansang Arkibo ng Hapon ng listahan ng 3,607 pangalan ng mga naging empleyado ng Yunit,<ref>{{Cite web |last=宋静丽 |title=Names, information of Unit 731 disclosed |url=https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201804/18/WS5ad6865fa3105cdcf6518e55.html |access-date=2023-07-24 |website=global.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-04-16 |title=List of Unit 731 members involved in chemical warfare research fully released: scholar |language=en |work=Mainichi Daily News |url=https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20180416/p2a/00m/0na/004000c |access-date=2023-07-24}}</ref> bagaman wala pang bersyon ng listahan na ito sa wikang Ingles o Filipino sa panahon ng pagkakasulat ng artikulong ito. Ang ikatlong pangkat naman ay binubuo ng mga nahuli ng pwersang Sobyet at napatunayang maysala sa isinagawang [[Mga paglilitis ng krimeng pandigma sa Khabarovsk|mga paglilitis sa Khabarovsk]] noong 1949:<ref>Foreign Languages Publishing House. (1950). ''Materials on the Trial of Former Servicemen of the Japanese Army Charged with Manufacturing and Employing Bacteriological Weapons.'' https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=ARojAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> [[Talaksan:Yamada Otozo.jpg|thumb|right|Si Hen. [[Otozo Yamada]]]] {| class="wikitable" |+Mga kasapi ng Yunit 731 na hinatulan sa mga paglilitis sa Khabarovsk ! scope="col" | Pangalan ! scope="col" | Ranggo ! scope="col" | Pananagutang hinawakan ! scope="col" |Yunit ! scope="col" |  Hatol |- ! scope="row" |Kiyoshi Shimizu | Tinyente Koronel | Hepe ng Pangkalahatang Dibisyon, 1939–1941, Pinuno ng Dibisyon sa Produksyon, 1941–1945 |731 | 25 taong kulong (7 taon lang ang aktwal na dinanas) |- ! scope="row" | [[Otozō Yamada]] | [[Heneral]] | Direktang namahala 1944–1945 |731, 100 | 25 taong kulong (7 taon lang ang aktwal na dinanas) |- ! scope="row" | Ryuji Kajitsuka | Tinyente heneral ng Serbisyong Medikal |  Hepe ng Pangasiwaang Medikal |731 | 25 taong kulong (7 taon lang ang aktwal na dinanas) |- ! scope="row" | Takaatsu Takahashi | Tinyente heneral ng Serbisyong Beterinaryo | Pinuno ng Serbisyong [[Beterinaryo na gamot|Beterinaryo]] | 731 | 25 taong kulong (namatay sa bilangguan noong 1952) |- ! scope="row" | Tomio Karasawa | Mayor ng Serbisyong Medikal | Pinuno ng isang seksyon | 731 | 20 taong kulong (nagpakamatay sa bilangguan noong 1956) |- ! scope="row" | Toshihide Nishi | Tenyente koronel ng Serbisyong Medikal | Pinuno ng isang dibisyon | 731 | 18 taong kulong (7 taon lang ang aktwal na dinanas) |- ! scope="row" | Masao Onoue | Mayor ng Serbisyong Medikal | Pinuno ng isang sangay | 731 | 12 taong kulong (7 taon lang ang aktwal na dinanas) |- ! scope="row" | Zensaku Hirazakura | Tenyente | Opisyal | 100 | 10 taong kulong (7 taon lang ang aktwal na dinanas) |- ! scope="row" | Kazuo Mitomo | Senior sarhento | Miyembro | 731 | 15 taong kulong (7 taon lang ang aktwal na dinanas) |- ! scope="row" | Norimitsu Kikuchi | Korporal | Utusan | Sangay 643 | 2 taong kulong |- ! scope="row" | Yuji Kurushima | [wala; sibilyan] | Utusan | Sangay 162 | 3 taong kulong |- ! scope="row" | Shunji Sato | Mayor Heneral ng Serbisyong Medikal | Hepe ng Serbisyong Medikal |731, 1644 | 20 taong kulong (7 taon lang ang aktwal na dinanas) |} Sa bilis ng pagkilos ng Pulang Hukbong Sobyet noong Agosto 1945, nagmamadaling hininto ng mga tauhan ng yunit ang kanilang trabaho upang tumakas. Iniutos ng mga ministro sa Tokyo na sunugin o sirain lahat ng mga dokumentong maaaring magdiin sa mga krimeng naganap sa yunit. Binigyan ng lasong [[potassium cyanide]] ang mga naiwang tauhan upang kanilang lunukin para magpatiwakal oras na sila ay mahuli. Inutusan din ni Ishii ang mga kawani na magtago at manumpang hindi ibubunyag ang kanilang lihim habambuhay.<ref>{{cite web |title=Biohazard: Unit 731 and the American Cover-Up |url=https://www.umflint.edu/sites/default/files/groups/Research_and_Sponsored_Programs/MOM/b.altheide.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731012542/https://www.umflint.edu/sites/default/files/groups/Research_and_Sponsored_Programs/MOM/b.altheide.pdf |archive-date=2019-07-31 |access-date=2019-05-31 |page=5}}</ref> Pinaghihinalaan ding naging kasabwat ng yunit ang ilang mga naging punong ministro ng Hapon ngunit hindi nasakdal. Ito'y sina Hatoyama Ichiro (1954-56), [[Kishi Nobusuke]] (1957-60), at Ikeda Hayato (1960-64).<ref>{{cite book|title=Researching Japanese war crimes records: introductory essays|url=https://archive.org/details/researchingjapan0000unse|year=2006|publisher=Nazi War Crimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group|last=Drea|first=Edward J.|isbn=1880875284|location=Washington, DC|oclc=71126844}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Courtis |first=Kenneth |date=2013-10-31 |title=Japan: Still Not Owning Up to Its Dark History |url=https://www.theglobalist.com/japan-still-owning-dark-history/ |access-date=2023-07-24 |website=The Globalist |language=en-US}}</ref> == Mga Pasilidad == [[Talaksan:Main_entrance_of_Harbin's_Unit_731_Museum.jpg|thumb|Ang bungad na gusali ng Yunit (na ginawang museo sa kasalukuyan)]] Napakaimposible ang pagtakas para sa mga bilanggo ng yunit. Nakapaloob sa isang bantay-saradong gusali ang mga seldang may makapal na bakal na pinto.<ref name="auto2">{{cite book|last1=Gold|first1=Hal|title=Japan's Infamous Unit 731|url=https://archive.org/details/japansinfamousun0000halg|date=2019|publisher=Tuttle Publishing|location=Japan|page=306}}</ref> Kahit na magkataong makalabas ang sinumang tatakas patungo sa liwasan (na namumutiktik din sa gwardiya) ang mga preso, kakailanganin pa nilang akyatin ang isang dingding na yari sa makapal na ladrilyo na may tatlong metro ang taas, tawirin ang tuyong bambang sa kabilang ibaba nito, at makalusot sa de-kuryenteng bakod na pumapalibot sa buong Yunit.<ref name=":0"/> Walang sinuman ang pwedeng pumasok sa yunit nang walang mga ispesyal na pahintulot at ID na may larawan. Ang oras ng paglabas at pagpasok ng sinuman ay itinatala.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web |author=<!--Not stated--> |title=Yoshio Shinozuka – UNIT 731 |url=https://unit731.org/yoshio-shinozuka/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009092912/https://unit731.org/yoshio-shinozuka/ |archive-date=2021-10-09 |access-date=2021-09-11 |website=Unit 731 Museum}}</ref> Mayroon ding "ispesyal na pangkat" na nakatutok sa pagpapatakbo ng mga selda. Ang pangkat na ito ay nakasuot ng puting sutana, sombrerong militar, at gomang botas, at may nakasukbit ding mga pistola.<ref name="auto2" /> May lawak na anim na kilometro kwadrado (6 km²) ang lupaing kinalulugaran ng yunit. Dinisenyo rin ang mga gusali na matibay laban sa pambobomba. Mayroon ding mga pabrika sa loob ng yunit. May 4,500 sisidlan para sa pagpaparami ng mga [[kuto]], 6 na higanteng kawa para sa paggawa ng iba-ibang kemikal, at 1,800 lalagyan ng mga mikrobyo. Kayang gumawa ng 30 kilo ng bakteryang bubonik ng yunit sa loob lang ng ilang araw.<ref name=":0"/> Dahil sa tibay ng mga gusali nito, hindi nagtagumpay ang mga tauhan nito na gibain ang mga ito upang itago ang mga ebidensya.<ref name=":0"/> Ang ilan sa mga nalalabing istruktura ay inayos at ginawang museo na bukas sa publiko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Harbin museum – UNIT 731 |url=https://unit731.org/harbin-museum/ |access-date=2023-07-24 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Unit 731 Museum |url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/unit-731-museum |access-date=2023-07-24 |website=Atlas Obscura |language=en}}</ref> === Mga sangay === May sariling mga sangay ang Yunit 731 sa mga sityo ng Linkou, Mudanjiang, Hailin, Sunwu, Toan, at Hailar.<ref>Foreign Languages Publishing House. (1950). ''Materials on the Trial of Former Servicemen of the Japanese Army Charged with Manufacturing and Employing Bacteriological Weapons.'' https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=ARojAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> == Mga kaganapan matapos ang digmaan == Nagpatuloy ang trabaho ng yunit hanggang sa kadulo-duluhan ng digmaan. Bagaman tinangka nilang sirain ang lahat ng ebidensya, may konsiderable pa ring bahagi ang naiwan. Bukod dito, ilan sa mga tauhan ang kalauna'y nadakip ng mga pwersang Sobyet, Intsik, at Amerikano. [[Talaksan:A_photograph_of_the_Unit_731_square_building_taken_during_its_destruction_in_1945.jpg|thumb| Labi ng isa sa mga gusali ng Yunit 731 matapos ang tangkang paggiba rito noong 1945]] === Paggawad ng mga Amerikano ng proteksyon laban sa prosekusyon === Unang nakarating sa atensyon ng mga Amerikano ang yunit nang interogahin ng isang Tinyente Koronel na si Murray Sanders ang ilan sa mga nadakip na dating tauhan nito. Nakipagnegosasyon si Ishii at kanyang grupo sa mga Amerikano na ibabahagi nila ang datos na kanilang nakuha sa mga eksperimento kapalit ng proteksyon laban sa pag-uusig at paglilitis,<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Brody |first=Howard |last2=Leonard |first2=Sarah E. |last3=Nie |first3=Jing-Bao |last4=Weindling |first4=Paul |date=2014-4 |title=United States Responses to Japanese Wartime Inhuman Experimentation after World War II: National Security and Wartime Exigency |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4487829/ |journal=Cambridge quarterly of healthcare ethics : CQ : the international journal of healthcare ethics committees |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=220–230 |doi=10.1017/S0963180113000753 |issn=0963-1801 |pmc=4487829 |pmid=24534743}}</ref> proteksyong lihim na iginawad ng noo'y Kataas-taasang Kumander ng mga Alyadong Pwersa na si Heneral [[Douglas MacArthur]].<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Kaye |first=Jeffrey |date=2021-04-27 |title=Department of Justice Official Releases Letter Admitting U.S. Amnesty of Unit 731 War Criminals |url=https://jeff-kaye.medium.com/department-of-justice-official-releases-letter-admitting-u-s-amnesty-of-unit-731-war-criminals-9b7da41d8982 |access-date=2023-07-24 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref> Naniwala ang mga Amerikano na mahalaga ang mga datos na ito<ref name=":4" /> at hindi dapat mahulog sa kamay ng kanilang karibal na mga Sobyet.<ref>BBC News [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/correspondent/1796044.stm – Unit 731: Japan's biological force.]</ref> Ito'y kaiba sa ginawang pag-uusig at [[Mga paglilitis sa Nuremberg|paglilitis]] ng mga Amerikano sa kaparehong kaso ng eksperimentasyon sa tao na isinagawa ng mga Aleman.<ref name="experimentation2202">{{Cite journal |last1=Brody |first1=H. |last2=Leonard |first2=S. E. |last3=Nie |first3=J. B. |last4=Weindling |first4=P. |year=2014 |title=United States Responses to Japanese Wartime Inhuman Experimentation after World War II: National Security and Wartime Exigency |journal=Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=220–230 |doi=10.1017/S0963180113000753 |pmc=4487829 |pmid=24534743}}</ref> Sa mga pagdinig ng [[Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal]], minsan lang nabanggit ang insidente ng pag-eeksperimento ng mga Hapones sa mga sibilyang Intsik gamit ng "nakakalalasong kemikal." Hindi na ito inungkat pa ng mga tagapag-usig dahil sa kakulangan nila ng ebidensya noong panahong iyon. Noong 1981, kung kailan lumutang na ang mga ulat at salaysay ng ilan sa mga dating kawani ng yunit, inihayag ng isa sa mga nagsilbing hukom ng tribunal na si Bert Röling ang pagkadismaya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The United States and the Japanese Mengele: Payoffs and Amnesty for Unit 731 |url=https://apjjf.org/-Christopher-Reed/2177/article.html |access-date=2023-07-24 |website=The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus}}</ref> Aniya: {{Pagbanggit|"Isang mapait na karanasan para sa akin na mabatid na ang pinaka-kasuklam-suklam na krimeng pandigma ng mga Hapones na ipinag-utos ng kanilang pambansang pamunuan ay itinago ng gobyerno ng Estados Unidos sa hukuman."}}Mula 1948 hanggang 1956, wala pang 5% ng mga dokumentong binigay ng mga mananaliksik ng yunit ang ginawan ng kopyang microfilm at itinago sa Pambansang Arkibo ng Amerika bago sila ibinalik sa Hapon.<ref>Human Lab Rats: Japanese Atrocities, the Last Secret of World War II (Penthouse, May 2000)</ref> Ayon sa mga kritiko ng desisyon ng mga Amerikanong ipagtanggol ang mga tauhan ng yunit, maaaring salik ang [[rasismo]] sa magkabalintunang pamantayan ng katarungan na ipinatupad ng mga Amerikano.<ref name="experimentation2203">{{Cite journal |last1=Brody |first1=H. |last2=Leonard |first2=S. E. |last3=Nie |first3=J. B. |last4=Weindling |first4=P. |year=2014 |title=United States Responses to Japanese Wartime Inhuman Experimentation after World War II: National Security and Wartime Exigency |journal=Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=220–230 |doi=10.1017/S0963180113000753 |pmc=4487829 |pmid=24534743}}</ref> Bagaman nakatakas sa prosekusyon ang mga tauhan ng yunit, nagsagawa rin naman ng hiwalay na paglilitis sa [[Yokohama]] noong 1948 upang panagutin ang siyam na propesor at estudyanteng medikal na naghiwa nang buhay sa mga pilotong Amerikano na nabihag ng mga Hapones; dalawa sa mga propesor ang binitay kalaunan.<ref name="experimentation2204">{{Cite journal |last1=Brody |first1=H. |last2=Leonard |first2=S. E. |last3=Nie |first3=J. B. |last4=Weindling |first4=P. |year=2014 |title=United States Responses to Japanese Wartime Inhuman Experimentation after World War II: National Security and Wartime Exigency |journal=Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics |volume=23 |issue=2 |pages=220–230 |doi=10.1017/S0963180113000753 |pmc=4487829 |pmid=24534743}}</ref> === Hiwalay na paglilitis ng mga Sobyet === Bagaman tahimik sila sa usapin ng eksperimentasyon noong isinasagawa pa ang mga paglilitis sa Tokyo, nagsagawa rin ng sarili nilang paglilitis sa [[Khabarovsk]] ang gobyernong Sobyet sa mga nadakip nitong tauhan ng yunit at iba pang mga kaugnay nito. Ilan sa mga nasakdal sa krimeng pandigma, kasama na ang biolohikal na pakikidigma, ang punong kumander ng [[Hukbong Kwantung]] sa Manchuria na si Heneral [[Otozo Yamada]]. Isinagawa ang paglilitis sa huling bahagi ng Disyembre 1949. Nilathala sa sumunod na taon ang mga tala sa paglilitis.<ref name=":5" /> Nakatanggap ng hatol na 2-25 taong pagkakakulong ang mga sinakdal, bagaman karamihan sa kanila ay pinakawalan at pinauwi sa Hapon makalipas lang ang pitong taon. Hinihinalang binawasan ang taon ng kanilang pagkakakulong kapalit ng datos ng kanilang mga eksperimento.<ref>{{cite thesis|last=Vanderbrook|first=Alan Jay|url=http://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3588&context=etd|title=Imperial Japan's Human Experiments Before And During World War Two|date=2013|type=MA thesis|publisher=University of Central Florida|access-date=2017-10-27|archive-date=2018-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180117093152/http://stars.library.ucf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3588&context=etd|url-status=live}}</ref> Hindi kinalala ng Estados Unidos ang resulta ng mga paglilitis at tinawag itong huwad na palabas ng mga komunista.<ref>Takashi Tsuchiya.</ref> === Paglitaw ng mga ulat at salaysay sa masmidya === Bagaman may mga mangilan-ngilang impormasyon at kuwento ang tinangkang imbestigahan ng mga mamamahayag noong dekada 1950 hanggang 1970, noon lang dekada 1980 unang nakapukaw ng pandaigdigang atensyon ang mga krimen ng Yunit 731. Noong 1981 at 1983, naglabas ng dalawang magkasunod na aklat ang manunulat na si Seiichi Morimura hinggil sa diumano'y operasyon ng Yunit subalit dahil naglakip siya ng mga larawang wala namang kaugnayan sa yunit ay nalantad sa kritisismo at pagdududa.<ref>{{cite book|author=Keiichi Tsuneishi|title=『七三一部隊 生物兵器犯罪の真実』 講談社現代新書|year=1995|isbn=4061492659|page=171}}</ref> Noon ding 1981 nang unang magbigay ng direktang salaysay sa paghihiwa ng buhay sa mga bihag na Intsik ang isa sa mga dating kawani ng Yunit na si [[Ken Yuasa]]. Mula noon, nakaakit ng substansyal na pansin mula sa mga mananalaysay at masmidya ang Yunit 731, at nagbigay-inspirasyon sa paglikha ng iba't ibang dokumentaryong naglalantad sa mga lihim na ito, tulad ng dokumentaryong ''Demonyong mga Hapon.''<ref>田辺敏雄 『検証 旧日本軍の「悪行」―歪められた歴史像を見直す』 自由社 {{ISBN|4915237362}}</ref><ref>http://asiasociety.org/filmmakers-matsui-minoru-and-oguri-kenichi-discuss-japanese-devils</ref> === Pagsasantabi ng gobyernong Hapon sa isyu === Sa kabila ng paglitaw ng bagong ebidensya noong dekada 1980, noon lang dekada 1990 inamin ng gobyerno ng Hapon ang pag-iral ng yunit bagaman magpasahanggang ngayon ay hindi nila nais itong mapag-usapan.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite web |date=April 17, 2018 |title=Unit 731: Japan discloses details of notorious chemical warfare division |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/17/japan-unit-731-imperial-army-second-world-war |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref> Tinangka pa nga ng gobyernong Hapon na ilihim ito sa mga teksbuk sa paaralan subalit napillitan ding silang ibalik ito nang lumutang na ang mas maraming ebidensya galing sa arkibo ng Estados Unidos<ref>{{cite book|title=Researching Japanese War Crimes|publisher=National Archives and Records Administration for the Nazi Warcrimes and Japanese Imperial Government Records Interagency Working Group|date=2006|page=35|last=Drea|first=Edward|url=https://www.archives.gov/files/iwg/japanese-war-crimes/introductory-essays.pdf}}</ref> at nang ipag-utos ng [[Korte Suprema ng Hapon]] ang pagsasabalik ng impormasyong ito sa teksbuk bilang paggalang sa [[karapatan sa malayang pamamahayag]].<ref>''[[Asahi Shimbun]]'' editorial, August 30, 1997</ref> Bagaman hindi kinikilala ng mga korte sa Hapon na may batayan ang paghahabla ng mga biktima ng yunit ng kasong sibil laban sa gobyerno ng Hapon upang mabayaran sila ng danyos, kinilala ng isang korte sa Tokyo noong 2002 na totoo ngang ginamitan ng biolohikal na sandata ng mga Hapones ang mga sibilyang Intsik mula 1950 hanggang 1942.<ref>https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(02)11015-4/fulltext</ref> Sa pag-uusisa ng isang kongresista sa parliamento noong 2003, itinanggi ng gobyernong Hapones na mayroon daw silang anumang mga rekord o tala hinggil sa yunit,<ref>「[http://www.shugiin.go.jp/itdb_shitsumon.nsf/html/shitsumon/b157024.htm 衆議院議員川田悦子君提出七三一部隊等の旧帝国陸軍防疫給水部に関する質問に対する答弁書] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120204524/http://www.shugiin.go.jp/itdb_shitsumon.nsf/html/shitsumon/b157024.htm|date=2013-01-20}}」 October 10, 2003.</ref> gayunman noong 2018, naglabas diumano ang pambansang arkibo nito ng listahan ng mga pangalan ng mga nagtrabaho sa yunit.<ref>{{cite news |date=April 16, 2018 |title=Names of 3,607 members of Imperial Japanese Army's notorious Unit 731 released by national archives |newspaper=[[The Japan Times]] |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/04/16/national/history/names-3607-members-imperial-japanese-armys-unit-731-released/ |url-status=live |access-date=April 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418105008/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/04/16/national/history/names-3607-members-imperial-japanese-armys-unit-731-released/ |archive-date=April 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=April 17, 2018 |title=Unit 731: Japan discloses details of notorious chemical warfare division |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/17/japan-unit-731-imperial-army-second-world-war |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905104550/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/apr/17/japan-unit-731-imperial-army-second-world-war |archive-date=September 5, 2021 |access-date=September 24, 2021 |website=the Guardian}}</ref> == Sa popular na kultura == === Mga pelikula === Nagkaroon na rin ng ilang mga pelikula na ang paksa ay kaugnay sa Yunit 731: * ''{{Interlanguage link|Through Gobi and Khingan|ru|Через Гоби и Хинган}}'' (1981); Coproduction ng USSR, Mongolia, Eastern Germany. Miniseries (dalawang yugto). * ''The Sea and Poison'' (1986), Japan, sa direksyon ni Kei Kumai * ''[[Hei Tai Yang: 731|Men Behind the Sun]]'' (1988), China, sa direksyon ni Tun Fei Mou * ''{{Interlanguage link|Unit 731: Laboratory of the Devil|zh|黑太陽731續集之殺人工廠}}'' (1992), China, sa direksyon ni Godfrey Ho * ''Kizu (les fantômes de l'unité 731)'' (2004), France, sa direksyon ni Serge Viallet * ''731: Two Versions of Hell'' (2007), ginawa ni James T. Hong ; dokumentaryo tungkol sa Unit 731 na pinaghambing ang panig ng mga Intsik at Hapones <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alexander Street |url=https://alexanderstreet.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926025608/https://alexanderstreet.com/ |archive-date=2021-09-26 |access-date=2021-09-24 |website=Alexander Street}}</ref> * ''Philosophy of a Knife'' (2008), Rusya, sa direksyon ni {{Interlanguage link|Andrey Iskanov|ru|Исканов, Андрей Геннадьевич}} * ''Dead Mine'' (2012), Indonesia, sa direksyon ni Steven Sheil at nakabase sa kathang-isip na bersyon ng Yunit 731 * ''Dongju: The Portrait of a Poet'' (2016), Timog korea, sa direksyon ni Lee Junik, inilalarawan ang patay na makata na si Yoon Dong-ju * ''Wife of a Spy'' (2020), Japan, sa direksyon ni Kiyoshi Kurosawa at nanalo ng parangal na Silver Lion para sa Best Direction sa Venice Film Festival noong 2020. == Mga sanggunian == {{Reflist}} [[Kategorya:Mga krimen laban sa sangkatauhan]] [[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng teksto sa wikang Tsinong pinapayak]] [[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Hapones]] [[Kategorya:Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig]] [[Kategorya:Mga krimeng pandigma ng mga Hapones]] [[Kategorya:Karapatang pantao]] [[Kategorya:Pang-aabuso ng karapatang pantao]] [[Kategorya:Pang-aabusong seksuwal]] q9iiz8w8dqs9i2x59i13kzw0cuezymw 0 324983 2210232 2094319 2026-06-03T16:12:30Z LknFenix 125962 + Panimula 2210232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food|name=Tom yam|image=Tom yam kung maenam.jpg|image_size=300px|caption=Tom yam kung na inihain sa [[Bangkok]], Taylandiya|alternate_name=Tom yum|country=Gitnang Taylandiya<ref name="JPBetawi">{{cite news |title=Tom Yum Gai – Suwanee's Kitchen |trans-title=Tom Yum Gai – Kusina ni Suwanee |lang=en |newspaper=Chiang Rai Times |url=http://www.chiangraitimes.com/tom-yum-gai-suwanee%E2%80%99s-kitchen.html |access-date=18 Enero 2016 |archive-date=4 Hulyo 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704160814/http://www.chiangraitimes.com/tom-yum-gai-suwanee%E2%80%99s-kitchen.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Tom yum">{{cite news|title=The homemade hot sour soup that packs a punch|trans-title=Ang lutong-bahay na sabaw na maanghang at maasim na may matinding lasa|lang=en|newspaper=whitsunday coast guardian|url=https://m.whitsundaycoastguardian.com.au/news/the-homemade-hot-sour-soup-that-packs-a-punch/3054601/|access-date=28 Setyembre 2017|archive-date=28 Setyembre 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170928193350/https://m.whitsundaycoastguardian.com.au/news/the-homemade-hot-sour-soup-that-packs-a-punch/3054601/|url-status=dead}}</ref>|region=[[Timog-silangang Asya]]|national_cuisine=[[Lutuing Taylandes|Taylandiya]]|creator=|course=[[Tanghalian]]|type=[[Sabaw]]|served=Mainit|main_ingredient=[[Sabaw]], [[tanglad]], dahon ng kabuyaw, galangal, katas ng [[dayap]], [[patis]], [[sili]]|variations=|calories=|other=}} Ang '''tom yam''' o '''tom yum''' ({{Lang-th|ต้มยำ}}, RTGS : tom yam {{IPA-th|tôm jām||Th-tom_yum.ogg}}) ay isang pamilya ng mainit at maaasim na [[sabaw]] Taylandes.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tom Yam Kung : Not only tasty but with medicinal properties - Thaiways |trans-title=Tom Yam Kung : Hindi lang masarap pero may mga katangiang nakapagpapagaling - Thaiways |url=http://www.thaiwaysmagazine.com/thai_article/2008_tom_yam_kung/tom_yam_kung.html/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201180837/http://www.thaiwaysmagazine.com/thai_article/2008_tom_yam_kung/tom_yam_kung.html |archive-date=1 Pebrero 2016 |access-date=18 Disyembre 2015 |website=thaiwaysmagazine.com |language=en}}</ref> Binubuo ang pangalang "tom yam" ng dalawang salitang [[Wikang Thai|Taylandes]]. Tumutukoy ang ''tom'' sa pagpapakulo, habang 'halo-halo' ang kahulugan ng ''yam''. Ipinagtanggol ng mananalaysay na si Giles Milton na ang pinagmulan ng ''tom yam'' ay maaaring matunton hanggang sa [[Indiya]], kung saan may isang uri ng mainit at maasim na sabaw ng hipon na kilala bilang ''sour prawn soup''. Sa Taylandiya, may iba't ibang uri ng tom yam, na ang pinakasikat ay ang ''tom yam nam khon'' (makremang sabaw na tom yam) at ''tom yam nam sai'' (malinaw na sabaw na tom yam). Kabilang sa mga pangunahing sangkap nito ang hipon, baboy, manok, at iba pang pagkaing-dagat.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tom Yum |website=Parawan's Thai Cooking Class |url=https://parawanthaicookingclass.com/courses-menu/thai-soups/tom-yum |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 Agosto 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809105145/https://parawanthaicookingclass.com/courses-menu/thai-soups/tom-yum }}</ref> ==Paghahanda== Nag-iiba ang sabaw ayon sa uri pero kadalasan gawa ito sa tubig, gata, sabaw ng manok o iba pang uri ng sabaw.<ref name="Pailin">{{cite web |title=Tom Yum Soup (Tom Yum Goong) Recipe |trans-title=Resipi ng Sabaw na Tom Yum (Tom Yum Goong) |url=https://hot-thai-kitchen.com/tom-yum-goong/ |access-date=1 Mayo 2023 |language=en}}</ref> Hinihiwa, dinidikdik at sinisimer samu't saring masamyong sangkap upang mailabas ang mga lasa nito. Kabilang ang mga sariwang sangkap tulad ng [[tanglad]], dahon ng kabuyaw, galangal, sili, lasuna, at bawang. Para sa mga sabaw sa hipon, maaari ring isimer ang mga balat at ulo ng hipon, upang makuha ang lasa ng mga ito. Dahil hindi pwedeng kainin ang ganitong mga sangkap, tinatanggal ang mga ito matapos makuha ang kani-kanilang mga lasa. Subalit maaari rin namang iwanan ang mga ito sa sabaw, bilang pampaganda sa presentasyon.<ref name="Pailin"/> Maaari ring gamitin ang komersiyal na masang tom yam. Nabubuo ito sa pagdudurog ng mga yerba at paggigisa sa mantika, tapos idinaragdag ang panimpla at mga pampreserba. Nilalagay ang masa sa bote o balutan at ibinebenta sa buong mundo. Tapos idinaragdag ang mga gulay, gaya ng sibuyas at kamatis. Sa mga makabagong bersiyon, maaaring may kabute rin sa sabaw—karaniwan kabuteng dayami (''volvariella volvacea'') o kabuteng talaba (''pleurotus ostreatus'').<ref name="Pailin"/> Susunod, idinaragdag ang karne, karaniwan isda, hipon, halu-halong lamang-dagat, baboy, o manok.<ref name="Pailin"/> Kapag luto na ang karne, idinaragdag na ang mga pampalasa na nagwawalang-lasa sa init, tulad ng patis at katas ng dayap. Sa karamihan ng mga baryante, idinaragdag din ang ''nam phrik phao'' ({{lang-th|น้ำพริกเผา}}), isang masa na gawa sa hipon, sili, lasuna, at bawang.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Thai Roasted Chili Paste Nahm Prik Pao) Recipe - Food.com |language=en |trans-title=Resipi ng Taylandes na Binusang Masang Sili (Nahm Prik Pao) - Food.com |url=http://www.food.com/recipe/thai-roasted-chili-paste-nahm-prik-pao-469694 |access-date=26 Abril 2017}}</ref> Nagbibigay ito ng matamis, maalat, at maanghang na mga lasa.<ref name="Pailin" /> Subalit maaari ring gamitin ang mga iba pang sangkap, depende sa baryante ng tom yam, gaya ng [[ebaporada]].<ref name="Pailin"/> Nilalagyan ang ibabaw ng sabaw ng hustong dami ng kahihiwang dahon ng [[kulantro]], at maaaring isabay sa kanin.<ref name="Pailin"/> ==Mga piling uri== [[Talaksan:Tom yam kung maphrao on nam khon.jpg|thumb|190px|''Tom yam kung maphrao on nam khon'', na inihain sa Uttaradit, Taylandiya]] *''Tom yam nam sai'' ({{lang-th|ต้มยำน้ำใส}}) – tom yam na may malinaw na sabaw<ref>{{Cite news |title=Overview of Tom Yum soup from late 19th-century Siam to present day Thailand |language=en-US |trans-title=Buod ng sabaw na Tom Yum mula Siam sa pahuli ng ika-19 na siglo hanggang Taylandiya sa kasalukuyan |newspaper=Thaifoodmaster |url=http://thaifoodmaster.com/thai_food_recipes/thai_soup_recipes/thai_tom_yum_recipes/10192 |access-date=25 Enero 2017}}</ref> *''Tom yam nam khon'' ({{lang-th|ต้มยำน้ำข้น}}) – mas kamakailang baryasyon mula sa d. 1980.<ref name="auto">{{Cite news |date=25 Enero 2017 |title=Ancient Siamese Recipe for Tom Yum Soup with Snakehead Fish, Roasted Chili Jam and Green Mango (First Published in 1890) (Dtohm Yam Bplaa Chaawn, ต้มยำปลาช่อนแบบโบราณ อย่างหม่อมซ่มจีน ราชานุประพันธุ์ ร.ศ.๑๐๙) |language=en-US |trans-title=Sinaunang Resiping Siyames para sa Sabaw na Tom Yum na may Dalag, Binusang Nilupak na Sili at Hilaw na Mangga (Unang Inilathala noong 1890 (Dtohm Yam Bplaa Chaawn, ต้มยำปลาช่อนแบบโบราณ อย่างหม่อมซ่มจีน ราชานุประพันธุ์ ร.ศ.๑๐๙) |newspaper=Thaifoodmaster |url=http://thaifoodmaster.com/thai_food_recipes/thai_soup_recipes/thai_tom_yum_recipes/10192 |access-date=25 Enero 2017}}</ref> Kapag [[sugpo]] ang pangunahing sangkap, idinaragdag ang ebaporada o pinulbos na krimer<ref name="auto"/> sa sabaw bilang pantapos. *''Tom yam kathi'' ({{lang-th|ต้มยำกะทิ}}) – tom yum sa gata—madalas itong ipinagkakamali sa ''tom kha kai'' ("sinabawang manok galanga"), kung saan galangal ang nangingibabaw na lasa sa sabaw sa gata. *''Tom yam kung'' ({{lang-th|ต้มยำกุ้ง}}) – ang bersiyon ng ulam na pinakasikat sa mga turista kung saan [[sugpo]] ang pangunahing sangkap.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tom Yam Kung |url=http://www.thaiwaysmagazine.com/thai_article/2008_tom_yam_kung/tom_yam_kung.html |access-date=27 Pebrero 2015 |work=thaiwaysmagazine.com}}</ref> Nagmula ang ulam sa panahon ng Kahariang Rattanakosin.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tom Yam Kung Recipe, Hot and Sour Soup with Shrimp |trans-title=Resipi ng Tom Yam Kung, Maanghang at Maasim na Sabaw na may Hipon |url=http://www.thaifoodmaster.com/thai_food_recipes/thai_soup_recipes/320 |access-date=4 Marso 2010 |work=thaifoodmaster.com |language=en}}</ref> == Mga sanggunian == {{Reflist}} [[Kategorya:Mga pambansang lutuin]] [[Kategorya:Lutuing Taylandes]] 6pi4owip8adygnhzym69y94j2ducsml 0 326943 2210217 2148717 2026-06-03T14:19:14Z InternetArchiveBot 113521 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2210217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiple issues| {{MOS|date=Enero 2024}} {{cleanup|date=Enero 2024|reason=Kailangan ayusin ang balarila at pagkakasulat. Kailangan isalin din ang mga banyagang salita.}} }}{{Infobox Parliament | name = Saeima | coa_pic = File:Saeima logo.svg | session_room = File:Saeimas sēžu zāle.jpg | house_type = [[Unicameral]] | legislature = [[Fourteenth Saeima of Latvia|14th Saeima]] | foundation = {{start date and age|df=y|1922|11|7}} | disbanded = {{ubl|[[1934 Latvian coup d'état|1934–1940]]|[[Occupation of the Baltic states|1940–1991]]}} |preceded_by=[[Constitutional Assembly of Latvia]]| leader1_type = [[Speaker of the Saeima|Speaker]] | leader1 = [[Daiga Mieriņa]] | party1 = [[Union of Greens and Farmers]] | election1 = 20 September 2023 | members = 100 | term_length = 4 years | political_groups1 = '''[[Siliņa cabinet|Government]] (51)''' * {{Color box|{{party color|New Unity}}|border=silver}} [[New Unity|JV]] (25){{efn| *{{Color box|{{party color|Unity (Latvia)}}|border=silver}} [[Unity (Latvia)|V]] (22) *{{Color box|{{party color|Latgale Party}}|border=silver}} [[Latgale Party|LP]] (1) *{{Color box|#273556|border=silver}} [[For Valmiera and Vidzeme|VuV]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Independent}}|border=silver}} [[Independent politician|Ind.]] (1)}} * {{Color box|{{party color|Union of Greens and Farmers}}|border=silver}} [[Union of Greens and Farmers|ZZS]] (16){{efn| *{{Color box|{{party color|Latvian Farmers' Union}}|border=silver}} [[Latvian Farmers' Union|LZS]] (11) *{{Color box|{{party color|For Latvia and Ventspils}}|border=silver}} [[For Latvia and Ventspils|LuV]] (3) *{{Color box|{{party color|Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party}}|border=silver}} [[Latvian Social Democratic Workers' Party|LSDSP]] (2)}} * {{Color box|{{party color|The Progressives (Latvia)}}|border=silver}} [[The Progressives (Latvia)|P]] (10){{efn| *{{Color box|{{party color|The Progressives (Latvia)}}|border=silver}} [[The Progressives (Latvia)|P]] (9) *{{Color box|#FBD707|border=silver}} [[We - For Talsi and Municipality|MTuN]] (1)}} '''Confidence and supply (3)''' * {{Color box|{{party color|Independent}}|border=silver}} [[Independent politician|Ind.]] (3){{efn| *{{Color box|{{party color|Unity (Latvia)}}|border=silver}} [[Unity (Latvia)|V]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Honor to serve Riga}}|border=silver}} [[Honor to serve Riga|GKR]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Independent}}|border=silver}} [[Independent politician|Ind.]](1)}} '''[[Opposition (parliamentary)|Opposition]] (46)''' * {{Color box|{{party color|United List (Latvia)}}|border=silver}} [[United List (Latvia)|AS]] (14){{efn| *{{Color box|{{party color|Latvian Association of Regions}}|border=silver}} [[Latvian Association of Regions|LRA]] (7) *{{Color box|{{party color|Latvian Green Party}}|border=silver}} [[Latvian Green Party|LZP]] (4) *{{Color box|{{party color|Liepāja Party}}|border=silver}} [[Liepāja Party|LP]] (1) *{{Color box|{{party color|Independent}}|border=silver}} [[Independent politician|Ind.]] (2)}} * {{Color box|{{party color|National Alliance (Latvia)}}|border=silver}} [[National Alliance (Latvia)|NA]] (13) * {{Color box|{{party color|For Stability!}}|border=silver}} [[For Stability!|S!]] (10) * {{Color box|{{party color|Latvia First}}|border=silver}} [[Latvia First|LPV]] (8) * {{Color box|{{party color|Independent}}|border=silver}} [[Independent politician|Ind.]] (1){{efn| *{{Color box|#C71414|border=silver}} [[Alliance of Young Latvians|AJ]] (1)}} | committees1 = {{Collapsible list|title = 16 | framestyle = background: transparent; border: 0; padding: 0; font-weight: normal; | titlestyle = background: transparent; border: 0; padding: 0; text-align: left; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap; | bullets = true | Foreign Affairs | Budget and Finance (Taxation) | Legal Affairs | Human Rights and Public Affairs | Education, Culture and Science | Defence, Internal Affairs and Corruption Prevention | Public Administration and Local Government | Economic, Agricultural, Environmental and Regional Policy | Social and Employment Matters | Mandate, Ethics and Submissions | Parliamentary Inquiry | Public Expenditure and Audit | National Security | Citizenship, Migration and Social Cohesion | European Affairs | Sustainable Development }} | structure1 = File:14th_Saeima_seating_chart.svg | structure1_res = 300px | voting_system1 = [[Open list]] [[proportional representation]] with a 5% [[electoral threshold]] | last_election1 = [[2022 Latvian parliamentary election|1 October 2022]] | next_election1 = [[Next Latvian parliamentary election|By 3 October 2026]] | meeting_place = [[House of the Livonian Noble Corporation]], [[Riga]]<!-- as established by constitution --> | website = {{URL|http://www.saeima.lv}} |first_election2=[[1922 Latvian parliamentary election|7 and 8 October 1922]]}} Ang '''Saeima''' ({{IPA-lv|ˈsai.ma}}) ay ang [[parlamento]] ng [[Latvia|Republika ng Latvia]]. Ito ay isang [[unicameral]] parliament na binubuo ng 100 miyembro na inihalal ng [[proporsyonal na representasyon]], na may mga puwestong inilaan sa [[mga partidong pampulitika]] na nakakuha ng hindi bababa sa 5% ng popular na boto. Ang mga halalan ay nakatakdang isagawa isang beses bawat apat na taon, karaniwan sa unang Sabado ng Oktubre. Ang pinakahuling halalan ay ginanap noong [[2022 Latvian parliamentary election|Oktubre 2022]]. Maaaring tanggalin ng [[Pangulo ng Latvia]] ang Saeima at humiling ng maagang halalan. Ang [[Parliamentary dissolution power of Latvian President|procedure for dismissing it]] ay nagsasangkot ng malaking pampulitikang panganib sa pangulo, kabilang ang panganib ng pagkawala ng katungkulan. Noong 28 Mayo 2011 nagpasya ang pangulo [[Valdis Zatlers]] na simulan ang pagbuwag ng Saeima, na naaprubahan sa isang [[2011 Latvian parliamentary dissolution referendum|referendum]], at ang Saeima ay natunaw noong 23 Hulyo 2011.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.delfi.lv/news/national/politics/zatlers-nolemj-atlaist-saeimu.d?id=38755691 |title=Zatlers nolemj rosināt Saeimas atlaišanu |trans-title=Zatlers nagpasya na simulan ang pagbuwag ng Saeima |language=lv |date=28 May 2011 |access-date=28 May 2011 |work=Delfi}}</ref> Ang kasalukuyang [[Speaker of the Saeima]] ay [[Daiga Mieriņa]] ng [[Union of Greens and Farmers]] party. ==Kasaysayan at etimolohiya== Ang Saeima ay nagmula sa [[Sejm of the Kingdom of Poland]], na humantong sa paglikha ng [[Seimas of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Sejm (Seimas) of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] at kalaunan ay ang paglikha ng [[Sejm ng Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. [[Inflanty Voivodeship|Polish Livonia]], isang bahagi ng [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]], ay nalantad sa Polish na paraan ng pangangasiwa at ipinakilala sa Sejm-system. Inayos ng Warsaw Sejm ng 1677 ang kaso ng natitirang bahagi ng Polish Livonia o [[Latgale]] ({{lang-pl|Inflanty}}), na pinangalanan itong isang voivodeship at isang duchy, na may karapatang pangalanan ang tatlong senador: ang Obispo , ang Voivode at ang Castellan of Inflanty (...) Ang mga lokal na sejmik ay naganap sa [[Daugavpils]], habang ang mga starostas ay naninirahan sa Daugavpils, [[Ludza]], [[Rēzekne]] at [[Viļaka]]. Ang voivodeship ay may anim na kinatawan sa Sejm, ngunit dalawa lamang sa kanila ang nagmula sa Inflanty, ang iba pang apat ay simbolikong pinangalanan ng hari, upang alalahanin ang nawalang bahagi ng Livonia<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://literat.ug.edu.pl/ |title=/glogre/0055.htm Inflanty Voivodeship, paglalarawan ni Zygmunt Gloger |access-date=2024-01-15 |archive-date=2020-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200601002226/https://literat.ug.edu.pl/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ([[Swedish Livonia]]). Gayunpaman, ang natitirang bahagi ng Latvia ay kabilang sa [[Duchy of Courland at Semigallia]], na pinamamahalaan ng mga Duke at ng [[Landtag]] ng Courland. Ang salitang ''sejm'' ay nagmula sa pandiwang "sjąć się" na nangangahulugang "magsama-sama", na may katulad na mga salita sa ilang iba pang mga Slavic na wika,<ref>[[Aleksander Brückner]], [[s:pl:Strona:PL Aleksander Brückner-Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego 502.jpeg|Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego, 2005 Krakowska spółka wydawnicza, s. 502]]</ref> ng [[proto-Slavic]] pinanggalingan *sъjęti < *sъjemti<ref>https://shansky.lexicography.online/%D1%81/%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%{{Dead link|date=Enero 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} B9%D0%BC {{Bare URL inline|date=September 2022}}</ref> Sejm, kung gayon, bilang isang pangngalan ay nangangahulugang "isang pagtitipon, isang pulong, isang konseho." [[File:Ang unang sesyon ng 1st Saeima ng Republika ng Latvia noong 7 Nobyembre 1922.jpg|thumb|left|Ang unang sesyon ng 1st Saeima ng Republika ng Latvia noong 1922]] Noong ika-19 na siglo, nang magsimulang lumitaw ang konsepto ng mga bansa, [[Juris Alunāns]], isang miyembro ng isang nasyonalistang grupo ng Latvian na tinatawag na [[Mga Young Latvians]], ay nag-claim ng pagmamay-ari ng salitang "saeims". Sa kabila ng katulad na tunog, katulad na semantiko na istraktura at malinaw na makasaysayang konotasyon, inaangkin niya na ito ay isang purong Latvian na salita na kanyang naimbento. Gaya ng nabanggit kanina, ang salita ay may katulad na kahulugan: "isang pagtitipon, isang pulong, isang konseho". {{Kailangan ang pagsipi|petsa=Marso 2023}} Inangkin niya na ang salitang ginawa niya ay nagmula sa sinaunang [[Latvian language|Latvian]] na salitang ''eima'' sa halip, ibig sabihin ay "pumunta" (nagmula sa [[Proto-Indo-European language|PIE]] '' *ei'' "to go" at kaugnay din ng [[Ancient Greek]] ''eimi'', [[Gaulish language|Gaulish]] ''{{lang|xtg|eimu}}'', bukod sa iba pa ).<ref>{{cite journal |journal= LU Raksti |year=2008 |volume=731 |pages=75 |title= Jura Alunāna devums latviešu leksikogrāfijā |author1=Zuicena, Ieva |author2=Migla, Ilga |issn=1407 -2157 |language=lv |url=http://www.lu.lv/materiali/apgads/raksti/731.pdf#page=75 |format=PDF |access-date=27 Mayo 2010}}</ref> Hindi niya maipaliwanag, gayunpaman, kung paano naidagdag ang s- prefix sa salita, at kung ano ang kahulugan ng karagdagan na ito ay ginawa sa loob ng mga limitasyon ng wikang Latvian. Gayunpaman, ayon kay Alunāns, ang salita ay purong Latvian at ganap na independiyente sa nabanggit na kontekstong pangkasaysayan. Gayunpaman, ang prefix na sa- sa isang pandiwa sa modernong wikang Latvian ay karaniwang kumakatawan sa isang kumpletong aksyon at ang salitang "Saeima" ay maaaring tumayo para sa isang kahulugan na "magtipon tayo nang lubusan". Sa Latvia bago ang digmaan, ang Saeima ay nahalal para sa tatlong taong termino. Ang [[1st Saeima]] ay nagkita mula 7 Nobyembre 1922 hanggang 2 Nobyembre 1925, ang [[2nd Saeima|2nd]] mula 3 Nobyembre 1925 hanggang 5 Nobyembre 1928, ang [[3rd Saeima|3rd]] mula 6 Nobyembre 1928 hanggang 2 Nobyembre 1931, at ang [[4th Saeima|4th]] mula 3 Nobyembre 1931 hanggang 15 Mayo 1934 (petsa ng [[1934 Latvian coup d'état|Latvian coup d'état]]).{{Politics of Latvia}} ==Eleksiyon== Ang Saeima ay isang ganap na inihalal na katawan. Lahat ng mga mamamayan ng Latvian (kabilang ang mga naturalisadong mamamayan) na higit sa edad na 18 ay karapat-dapat na bumoto. Ang mga kandidato ay dapat na kwalipikadong bumoto, ngunit dapat ay higit sa 21 taong gulang, hindi dapat dating empleyado ng [[Soviet Union|USSR]], [[Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic|Latvian SSR]], o mga kaakibat na organisasyon, ay hindi dapat naging hinatulan ng isang kriminal na pagkakasala o itinuring na nababawasan ang kapasidad ng pag-iisip.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Law on the Election of the Saeima|url=https://likumi.lv/ta/en/en/id/ 35261}}</ref> Ang termino ng Saeima ay apat na taon. Ang isang halalan ay maaaring tawagin nang maaga, ngunit ang paggawa nito ay mas kumplikado kaysa sa ibang mga parliamentaryong demokrasya. Kung ang [[Pangulo ng Latvia|Pangulo]] ay nagmumungkahi na ang Saeima ay buwagin, ang isang pambansang reperendum ay dapat isagawa upang kumpirmahin ang pagkalusaw. Kung hindi naaprubahan ang paglusaw, ang Pangulo ay tinanggal sa puwesto. Kung ang isang-sampung bahagi ng mga botante ay pumirma sa isang petisyon na humihiling ng pagbuwag, ang isang reperendum ay maaaring isagawa nang walang paglahok ng Pangulo. Mayroong limang mga nasasakupan, [[Courland (Saeima constituency)|Kurzeme]] (12 deputies), [[Latgallia (Saeima constituency)|Latgale]] (14), [[Riga (Saeima constituency)|Riga]] (35) , [[Livonia (Saeima constituency)|Vidzeme]] (25), at [[Semigallia (Saeima constituency)|Zemgale]] (14). Ang mga boto sa ibang bansa ay binibilang para sa nasasakupan ng Riga. Ang mga puwesto ay ibinahagi sa bawat nasasakupan sa pamamagitan ng [[bukas na listahan]] [[proporsyonal na representasyon]] sa mga partidong nakalampas sa 5% pambansang [[limitasyon ng halalan]] gamit ang hindi binagong bersyon ng [[Webster/Sainte-Laguë na pamamaraan]] . Ang mga botante ay bumoto para sa isang party list, na binubuo ng mga kandidato na isinumite ng partido sa nasasakupan na iyon. Bagama't nakalista ang isang partikular na pag-order para sa bawat kandidato, na tinutukoy ng partido, wala itong epekto sa aktwal na pagkakataon ng bawat kandidato. Sa halip, ang mga botante ay nagsumite ng "mga tukoy na boto" para sa mga kandidato. Ang mga boto na ito ay maaaring maging positibo o negatibong boto. Ang bilang ng mga boto para sa bawat kandidato ay tinutukoy sa pamamagitan ng pagkuha ng bilang ng mga boto para sa kaukulang listahan, at pagdaragdag nito sa mga positibong boto ng kandidato, bago ibawas ang bilang ng mga negatibong boto para sa kandidatong iyon. Ang mga kandidatong may pinakamataas na bilang ng mga boto ay pumupuno sa mga puwesto ng partido. Ang positibong boto ay ipinahihiwatig sa pamamagitan ng pagguhit ng plus sign (+) sa tabi ng pangalan ng kandidato sa balota. Ang negatibong boto ay ipinahihiwatig sa pamamagitan ng pagtawid sa pangalan ng kandidato. Ang mga botante ay maaari lamang bumoto ng mga partikular na boto para sa mga kandidato sa listahan na kanilang binoto. Ito ay bihira para sa anumang partido na makamit ang higit sa 30% ng boto sa isang halalan. Ang record ay 32.4% para sa [[Latvian Way]] party sa [[1993 Latvian parliamentary election|1993 election]]. Nangangahulugan ito na ang isang koalisyon ay palaging kinakailangan.{{citation needed|date=November 2022}} Kung mabakante ang isang upuan sa panahon ng Saeima, pupunan ito ng susunod na kandidato sa naaangkop na listahan. Ang [[Communist Party of Latvia]] ay ang tanging partidong pampulitika na ipinagbabawal. == Talababa == <references group="lower-alpha"/> == Sanggunian == {{reflist}} {{Uncategorized|date=Pebrero 2025}} 075esfsimvvchjsfenx31nli4ktc6ja 0 331496 2210234 2204529 2026-06-03T16:29:11Z Pusoko 162567 Created by translating the section "Incidents" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356995588|Don Quijote (store)]]" 2210234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{About|tindahang Hapones|Kastilang nobela|Don Quixote}} {{Infobox company | name = Don Quijote Co., Ltd. | native_name = 株式会社ドン・キホーテ | image = Don Quijote Headquarters -01.jpg | image_caption = Punong-tanggapan ng Don Quijote sa [[Meguro, Tokyo]] | logo = Don quijote logo.svg | logo_size = 150px | type = Pampublikong K.K. ({{Tyo|7532}}) | foundation = Setyembre 5, 1980 | founder = Takao Yasuda | location = [[Meguro, Tokyo|Meguro]], [[Tokyo]], [[Hapon]] | subsid = Don Quijote America | locations = 322 tindahan (Abril 2019)<ref>{{cite web |title=月次売上高速報 (Monthly Sales Report Highlights) |url=https://ppi-hd.co.jp/ir/highlight/ |website=ppi-hd.co.jp |publisher=Pan Pacific International Holdings Corporation |access-date=25 Mayo 2019|language=ja}}</ref> | area_served = [[Hapon]], [[Singapura]], [[Tsina]] ([[Hong Kong]] at [[Makaw]]), [[Taylandiya]], [[Taywan]], [[Malasya]], at [[Estados Unidos]] ([[California]], [[Hawaii]], at [[Guam]]) | industry = Tingian | products = Damit, pagkain, alahas, gamit sa bahay, kasangkapan, gamit sa isports at elektronika | revenue = {{increase}} [[Japanese yen|¥]]1.94 trilyon <small>(2022)</small><ref name="IR">{{cite web |url=https://ppih.co.jp/en/ir/highlight/graph/ |title=Consolidated Financial Highlights - PPIH |trans-title=Mga Pinagsama-samang Binigyang-diin sa Pananalapi - PPIH |lang=en | access-date=2024-04-24 }}</ref> | operating_income = {{increase}} ¥105.26 bilyon <small>(2022)</small><ref name="IR" /> | net_income = {{increase}} ¥66.17 bilyon <small>(2022)</small><ref name="IR" /> | assets = {{increase}} ¥1.48 trilyon <small>(2022)</small><ref name="IR" /> | equity = {{increase}} ¥461.54 bilyon <small>(2022)</small><ref name="IR" /> | num_employees = 4,391 (2010) | parent = {{ill|Pan Pacific International Holdings Corporation|ja|パン・パシフィック・インターナショナルホールディングス}}<ref>{{cite news |last1=Du |first1=Lisa |title=The Cult Japanese Retailer Making Billions Breaking All the Rules |trans-title=Ang Kultong Hapones na Magtitinging Kumikita ng Bilyun-bilyon sa Paglalabag ng Mga Panuntunan |lang=en |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-04-17/the-cult-japanese-retailer-making-billions-breaking-all-the-rules |website=Bloomberg.com |date=17 Abril 2019 |publisher=Bloomberg L.P. |access-date=18 Abril 2019}}</ref> | homepage = {{URL|donki.com}} (sa wikang Hapones) }} Ang {{Nihongo|'''Don Quijote Co., Ltd.'''|株式会社ドン・キホーテ|kabushiki gaisha Don Kihōte}}, kadalasang tinutukoy bilang {{Nihongo|'''Donki'''|ドンキ}}, ang pinaikling pangalan nito, ay isang Hapones na pangkat ng mga tindahang padiskuwento. Nag-aalok ang mga tindahang Donki ng mga samu't saring produkto, kabilang dito ang pamilihin, [[elektronika]] at [[kasuotan]]. Kakaiba ang Don Quijote sa mga ibang patingiang Hapones dahil bukas ito hanggang gabi-gabi (hanggang alas-3 o alas-5 ng umaga, o kahit 24 oras) at iniimpake nito ang mga paninda nito mula sa kisame hanggang sa sahig sa isang natatanging diskarte sa pangangalakal. Pagsapit ng 2021, mayroon itong mahigit 160 na lokasyon sa buong [[Hapon]] at tatlo sa [[Hawaii]]. Bukod dito, mayroon ding labing-anim sa [[Singapore|Singapura]], sampu sa [[Hong Kong]], apat sa [[Malaysia|Malasya]], walo sa Taylandiya, lima sa [[Taiwan|Taywan]], dalawa sa [[Macau|Makaw]], at isa sa [[Guam]] na may tatak na '''Don Don Donki'''.<ref name="Founder">{{Cite news |title=Don Quijote founder and his ties to Singapore |language=en |trans-title=Ang tagapagtatag ni Don Quijote at ang kanyang kaugnayan a Singapura |work=AsiaOne |url=http://www.asiaone.com/business/don-quijote-founder-and-his-ties-singapore |access-date=2017-11-29}}</ref><ref name="donki">{{Cite web |title=(Donki) Corporate History |trans-title=Kasaysayan ng Korporasyon (Donki) |url=http://www.donki.com/b/corp/history_en.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080313130458/http://www.donki.com/b/corp/history_en.php |archive-date=2008-03-13 |access-date=2008-03-19 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="first don don donki MY">{{Cite web |last=Ong |first=Eunis |date=19 Marso 2021 |title=Japan's Popular Don Don Donki Has Finally Opened Its First Store In Malaysia At Lot 10, Bukit Bintang! |trans-title=Ang Sikat na Don Don Donki ng Japan sa wakas ay Nagbukas na ng Unang Tindahan Sa Malasya Sa Lot 10, Bukit Bintang! |url=https://www.klook.com/en-MY/blog/don-don-donki-malaysia-opening/ |access-date=21 Marso 2021 |publisher=Klook |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=[STORE INFORMATION] DON DON DONKI THAILAND |trans-title=[IMPORMASYON NG TINDAHAN] DON DON DONKI TAYLANDIYA |url=https://www.dondondonki.com/th/store/ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=驚安の殿堂 ドン・キホーテ |url=https://www.donki.com/store/index.php |access-date=2024-07-28 |website=驚安の殿堂　ドン・キホーテ |language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=海外リテール事業｜PPIH（旧ドンキホーテHD） |url=https://ppih.co.jp/social/overseas/ |access-date=2024-07-28 |website=ppih.co.jp |language=ja}}</ref> ==Kasaysayan== ===Pinagmulan=== Itinatatag ni Takao Yasuda, nagbukas ang unang tindahan ng Don Quijote sa [[Suginami, Tokyo]] noong Setyembre 1980 sa ilalim ng orihinal nitong pangalan, Just Co. Orihinal na isang tindahang tingian, mabilis na lumipat ang Just Co. sa pakyawan noong 1982.<ref name="Founder"/><ref name="donki"/><ref name="donki-history">{{cite web |title=(PPIH) Corporate History |trans-title=Kasaysayan ng Korporasyon (PPIH) |url=https://ppi-hd.co.jp/corp/hd/history.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525084617/https://ppi-hd.co.jp/corp/hd/history.php |archive-date=2019-05-25 |access-date=2019-05-25 |language=ja}}</ref> Binuksan ng kompanya ang una nitong tindahan na pinangalanang "Don Quijote" sa [[Fuchū, Tokyo|Fuchu]], Tokyo noong Marso 1989. Kasunod ng pagbabago ng pangalan, binago rin ng tindahan ang pangunahing negosyo nito mula sa pakyawan tungo sa patingian. Noon lamang 1995, makalipas ang anim na taon, na sumunod ang Just Co. at pinalitan din ang pangalan ng korporasyon ng Don Quijote Co., Ltd. Noong Hunyo 1998, nailista ang kompanya sa Pamilihang Sapi ng Tokyo.<ref name="donki" /><ref name="donki-history" /> Noong 2005, binuksan ng {{Lang|en|idol group}} na [[AKB48]] ang kanilang teatro sa ikawalong palapag ng Don Quijote sa Akihabara, Tokyo.<ref name="japantimes20100824">{{cite web|url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20100824i1.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825152336/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20100824i1.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 25, 2010|title=Girl idol group about mass exposure, fans|date=August 24, 2010|access-date=June 29, 2011|website=The Japan Times Inc.|publisher=The Japan Times}}</ref> Sa taong din iyon, nagbukas ang isang [[ruweda]] sa harapan ng sangay ng Don Quijote sa Dōtonbori, [[Osaka]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Kavanagh |first=Una-Minh |date=2018-01-30 |title=The famous Osaka Ferris wheel turns again after nine-year hiatus |trans-title=Ang sikat na Ruweda sa Osaka, umikot muli pagkatapos ng siyam na taong pahinga |url=https://www.lonelyplanet.com/news/ferris-wheel-osaka-dotonbori-japan |access-date=2023-01-24 |website=[[Lonely Planet]] |language=en}}</ref> Noong Oktubre 2007, binili ng Don Quijote ang humihinang tindahan na ''Nagasakiya'' sa halagang 140 bilyon yen.<ref name="donki-history"/> Nagsara ang tindahang ito at ang 3 pang grupo ng kompanya noong Oktubre 2017 para hindi lumaki pa lalo 432 bilyong yen na ang pinagsama-samang utang sa mga pinagkakautangan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Collapse of debt-ridden Nagasakiya signals the end of a tradition - IOL Business Report |trans-title=Ang pagbagsak ng baon-sa-utang na Nagasakiya, hudyat ng pagtatapos ng isang tradisyon - IOL Business Report |url=https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/international/collapse-of-debt-ridden-nagasakiya-signals-the-end-of-a-tradition-792217 |language=en}}</ref> Patuloy na pinopondohan ng mga kreditor ang mga natitirang bahagi ng grupo. <gallery mode="packed" heights="100"> Talaksan:Don Quichote Roppongi.jpg|Don Quijote sa Roppongi Talaksan:KABUKICHO CIMG9811.jpg|Don Quijote sa [[Shinjuku]] Talaksan:Don Quijote Akihabara Shop.JPG|Don Quijote sa [[Akihabara]] </gallery> === Mga karagdagang ekspansiyon === ====Singapura==== Nagbukas ang unang tindahan ng Don Quijote sa Timog-silangang Asya sa Orchard Central, [[Singapore|Singapura]], noong Disyembre 1, 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Japan's Donki to open first Southeast Asian store in Singapore |language=en-US |trans-title=Donki ng Hapon, magbubukas ng unang tindahan sa Timog-silangang Asya sa Singapura |work=Channel NewsAsia |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/japan-s-donki-to-open-first-southeast-asian-store-in-singapore-8913892 |url-status=dead |access-date=2018-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928091807/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/japan-s-donki-to-open-first-southeast-asian-store-in-singapore-8913892/ |archive-date=2020-09-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Varma |first=Ankita |date=2017-11-30 |title=Don Don Donki store opening at Orchard Central on Friday |language=en |trans-title=Tindahang Don Don Donki, magbubukas sa Orchard Central sa Biyernes |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/don-don-donki-store-opening-at-orchard-central-on-friday |access-date=2018-08-07 |archive-date=2020-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928091809/https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/don-don-donki-store-opening-at-orchard-central-on-friday/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Japan's Donki to launch second outlet in Singapore, first store set for Dec 1 opening |language=en-US |trans-title=Donki ng Hapon, maglulunsad ng ikalawang outlet sa Singapura, magbubukas ang unang tindahan sa Dis 1 |work=Channel NewsAsia |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/lifestyle/japan-s-donki-to-launch-second-outlet-in-singapore-first-store-9450750 |url-status=dead |access-date=2018-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928091813/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/lifestyle/japan-s-donki-to-launch-second-outlet-in-singapore-first-store-9450750/ |archive-date=2020-09-28}}</ref> "Don Don Donki" ang pangalan ng mga tindahang ito dahil ginamit na ang pangalang Don Quijote ng isang lokal na restoran.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/lifestyle/don-don-donki-new-outlet-tanjong-pagar-100-am-mall-10425458|title=Japan's Don Don Donki targets 10 stores in Singapore by 2020|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=2020-01-07|archive-date=2019-12-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214165911/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/lifestyle/don-don-donki-new-outlet-tanjong-pagar-100-am-mall-10425458|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kasunod na nagbukas ang Don Quijote ng pangalawang tindahan sa 100AM Mall sa Tanjong Pagar noong Hunyo 14, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ng |first=Charmaine |date=2018-06-05 |title=Don Don Donki opening second outlet at 100AM in Tanjong Pagar on June 14 |language=en |trans-title=Don Don Donki, magbubukas ng ikalawang outlet sa 100AM sa Tanjong Pagar sa Hunyo 14 |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/fashion/don-don-donki-opening-second-outlet-at-100am-in-tanjong-pagar-on-june-14 |access-date=2018-08-07 }}{{Dead link|date=Abril 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Mayroong 16 na tindahang Don Don Donki sa Singapura.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Japan's Don Don Donki targets 10 stores in Singapore by 2020 |language=en-US |trans-title=Don Don Donki ng Hapon, target nila ang 10 tindahan sa Singapura pagsapit ng 2020 |work=Channel NewsAsia |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/lifestyle/don-don-donki-new-outlet-tanjong-pagar-100-am-mall-10425458 |access-date=2018-08-07 |archive-date=2018-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180807125251/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/lifestyle/don-don-donki-new-outlet-tanjong-pagar-100-am-mall-10425458 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=August 14, 2018 |title=Don Quijote rides high on rule-breaking reputation |url=http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201808140048.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815162211/http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201808140048.html |archive-date=August 15, 2018 |access-date=August 16, 2018 |work=[[Asahi Shimbun]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Tang |first1=See Kit |date=15 Setyembre 2021 |title=A taste of Japan keeps Don Don Donki bustling despite pandemic; 2 new Singapore stores planned |trans-title=Tikim sa Hapon, nagpapasigla pa rin sa Don Don Donki kahit may pandemya; 2 bagong tindahan sa Singapura ang binabalak |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/don-don-donki-open-2-new-stores-singapore-2173356 |access-date=21 Oktubre 2021 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref> Singapura ang may pinakamaraming tindahang Don Don Donki sa labas ng [[Kapuluang Hapones|inang kapuluan]]. Nakatira rin si Yasuda sa Singpura (sa Sentosa kung magiging espesipiko).<ref name="Founder" /> ====Hong Kong==== [[Talaksan:HK 中環 Central 皇后大道中 100 Queen's Road Central shop Don Don Donki n Chiyu Banking May 2021 SS2 01.jpg|thumb|Don Don Donki sa Central, HK|170x170px]] Umabot na rin ang Don Don Donki sa Hong Kong na may limang tindahan: isa sa Mira Place 2 sa Tsim Sha Tsui, isa sa OP Mall sa Tsuen Wan, isa sa Pearl City sa Causeway Bay, one at 100QRC sa Central at isa sa Monterey Place sa Tseung Kwan O.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-14 |title=Don Quijote Hong Kong Store List |trans-title=Talaan ng Mga Tindahang Don Quijote sa Hong Kong |url=https://www.donki.com/en/store/shop_list.php?pref=53 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-12-09 |title=Japanese discount megastore Don Quijote opens second store in Hong Kong to meet growing demand by fans |trans-title=Ang Hapones na megatindahang padiskuwento na Don Quijote, nagbukas ng ikalawang tindahan sa Hong Kong upang matugunan ang lumalaking demand ng mga tagahanga |url=https://www.investhk.gov.hk/en/news/japanese-discount-megastore-don-quijote-opens-second-store-hong-kong-meet-growing-demand-fans |access-date=2020-01-07 |website=InvestHK - Government Department of Foreign Direct Investment |language=en}}</ref> Nagbukas sila ng isa pang tindahan sa Island Resort Mall sa Siu Sai Wan noong Pebrero 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-09-30 |title=Japanese chain Don Don Donki to open three more Hong Kong stores |trans-title=Hapones na chain Don Don Donki, nagbukas ng tatlo pang tindahan sa Hong Kong |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/hong-kong-economy/article/3103552/japanese-chain-don-don-donki-open-three-more-hong |access-date=2020-10-02 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref> at sa TMT Plaza sa Tuen Mun noong Hulyo 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 Hulyo 2021 |title=Don Don Donki opens biggest Hong Kong store in Tuen Mun |trans-title=Don Don Donki, nagbukas ng pinakamalaking tindahan sa Hong Kong sa Tuen Mun |url=https://coconuts.co/hongkong/lifestyle/don-don-donki-opens-biggest-hong-kong-store-in-tuen-mun/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721033329/https://coconuts.co/hongkong/lifestyle/don-don-donki-opens-biggest-hong-kong-store-in-tuen-mun/ |archive-date=2021-07-21 |access-date=2021-12-03 |website=Coconuts Media |language=en-US}}</ref> Nagbukas ang tindahan sa Amoy Plaza sa Jordan Valley noong Enero 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 Setyembre 2021 |title=Donki is coming to Amoy Plaza this Christmas |trans-title=Donki, darating sa Amoy Plaza ngayong Pasko |url=https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/180014/Donki-is-coming-to-Amoy-Plaza-this-Christmas |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908103641/https://www.thestandard.com.hk/breaking-news/section/4/180014/Donki-is-coming-to-Amoy-Plaza-this-Christmas |archive-date=2021-09-08 |website=The Standard |language=en}}</ref> at isa pang tindahan ang nagbukas sa Fashion World sa Whampoa Garden noong Agosto 2022. Kabubukas lang ang sangay ng Don Don Donki sa Mong Kok noong 2024. ==Maskot == [[Talaksan:Donki Kyobashi Osaka.jpg|thumb|Donpen, ang maskot ng Don Quijote, sa pasukan ng kanilang tindahan sa Kyobashi, [[Osaka]] ]] Ang pangalan ng opisyal na maskot ng Don Quijote ay {{nihongo|Donpen|ドンペン}}. Ipinakilala noong 1998, inilalarawan siya bilang isang [[Penguino|penguwinong]] asul na nakasuot ng sombrerong Santa at may [[Katakana|katakanang]] {{nihongo|"do"|ド}} sa kanyang tiyan. Sa mga internasyonal na sangay ng Don Don Donki, pinalitan ang "do" ng letrang D. Mayroon ding babaeng katumbas ang kompanya na kilala bilang {{nihongo|Donko|ドンコ}}, na kulay rosas at may puso sa kanyang tiyan.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Characters Donpen and Donko |trans-title=Mga Opisyal na Karakter na sina Donpen at Donko |url=https://www.donki.com/en/official-character/ |access-date=2024-06-17 |publisher=Don Quijote |language=en}}</ref> In December 2022, nagkakontrobersiya ang Don Quijote nang ipahayag nito na papalitan si Donpen ng isang antropomorpikong paglalarawan ng Katakanang karakter na "do" na ipinangalang Dojou-chan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-20 |title=Announcement of Don Quijote's beloved mascot being changed has shoppers in shock |trans-title=Natulala ang mga mamimili sa pag-anunsyo na papalitan ang pinakamamahal na maskot ng Don Quijote |url=https://japantoday.com/category/business/announcement-of-don-quijote%E2%80%99s-beloved-mascot-being-changed-has-japanese-shoppers-in-shock |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=Japan Today |language=en}}</ref> Binaligtad ang desisyon pagkaraan ng ilang araw pagkatapos ng pagbuhos ng suporta para sa maskot sa [[hatirang pangmadla]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chan |first=Samantha |date=2022-12-21 |title=Donki discount store mascot survives axe after Japanese uproar |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-64048769 |access-date=2024-06-17 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Imada |first=Kaila |date=2022-12-19 |title=Don Quijote almost replaces its iconic penguin mascot |trans-title=Muntik nang palitan ng Don Quijote ang ikonikong penguwinong maskot nito |url=https://www.timeout.com/tokyo/news/don-quijote-almost-replaces-its-iconic-penguin-mascot-121922 |access-date=2024-06-17 |website=Time Out Tokyo |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Mga komersyal na endorso at kolaborasyon == Noong Agosto 2024, nagkolab ang Amerikanong mang-aawit-manunulat na si [[Bruno Mars]] sa tindahan, at lumabas sa pinakabagong komersiyal. Nagsasayawan sina Mars, mga mananayaw na sina Miyu, Haruka, Miyuri at Miku, at ang maskot ng tindahan na si Donpen, sa may tindahang Mega Don Quijote sa [[Shibuya]], habang kumukuha ng mga gamit mula sa "People Brand 'Jōnetsu kakaku'" ng tindahan. Sinulat ni Mars ang kanta at ipinrodyus ang patalastas para sa kampanyang {{nihongo|"Donki Ikuyo"|ドンキイクヨ||lit. "Tara na sa Donki"}}. Bukod sa komersiyal, kabilang din sa kolaborasyon ni Mars at Don Quijote ang ilang eksklusibong paninda na inilabas sa loob ng maikling panahon noong Setyembre.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Donki ikuyo #ドンキイクヨ |url=https://www.donki.com/campaign/bm/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240824122426/https://www.donki.com/campaign/bm/ |archive-date=24 Agosto 2024 |access-date=24 Agosto 2024 |website=Don Quijote official site |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 Agosto 2024 |title=ブルーノ・マーズ「ドン・キホーテ」CMでドンペンとダンス 映像プロデュース&ジングルも手がける |url=https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2340937/full/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240824123735/https://www.oricon.co.jp/news/2340937/full/ |archive-date=24 Agosto 2024 |access-date=24 Agosto 2024 |website=Oricon |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=20 Agosto 2024 |title=ブルーノ・マーズ、ドン・キホーテ新CMに出演＆コラボグッズも　「ドンキイクヨ」をテーマに店内で踊る |url=https://realsound.jp/2024/08/post-1752825.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240824125115/https://realsound.jp/2024/08/post-1752825.html |archive-date=24 Agosto 2024 |access-date=24 Agosto 2024 |website=Real Sound |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 Agosto 2024 |title=【動画あり】ブルーノ・マーズがドンキ新cmに登場！「ドンキイクヨ」とMEGAドン・キホーテ渋谷本店のいたるところで踊る |url=https://www.thefirsttimes.jp/news/0000470980/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240824130138/https://www.thefirsttimes.jp/news/0000470980/ |archive-date=24 Agosto 2024 |access-date=24 Agosto 2024 |website=The First Times |language=Japanese}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=21 Agosto 2024 |title=The New Face of Donki is… Bruno Mars? |trans-title=Ang Bagong Mukha ng Donki ay... si Bruno Mars? |url=https://www.tokyoweekender.com/japan-life/news-and-opinion/the-new-face-of-donki-is-bruno-mars/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240824123013/https://www.tokyoweekender.com/japan-life/news-and-opinion/the-new-face-of-donki-is-bruno-mars/ |archive-date=24 Agosto 2024 |access-date=24 Agosto 2024 |website=Tokyo Weekender |language=en}}</ref> == Incidents == [[Talaksan:Don_Quijote_Roppongi_roller_coaster_20060517.jpg|right|thumb|Isang tanawin mula sa kalye ng Roppongi roller coaster na sa ibabaw ng Don Quijote]] Noong Disyembre 2004, apat na tindahan sa purok ng [[Kantō]] ay napinsala dahil sa mga sadyang [[:en:Arson|panununog]]. Tatlong empleyado sa tindahan, Morio Oshima, 39, Mai Koishi, 20, and Maiko Sekiguchi, 19, ang namatay sa unang insidente. Noong 2007, Noriko Watanabe, 49, ay napatunayang nagkasala sa panununog. Siya ay hinatulan ng [[:en:Life_imprisonment|habambuhay na pagkabilanggo]]. Binatikos ang Don Quijote sa panahon na iyon dahil sa magulong latag ng tindahan na nagawang mahirap upang maghanap ng labasan.<ref>{{cite web |date=2007-03-24 |title=Don Quijote store arsonist gets life for three deaths |url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20070324a6.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081106141731/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20070324a6.html |archive-date=2008-11-06 |access-date=2008-03-19 |website=The Japan Times}}</ref> === Roller coaster === Noong 2005, nagsimulang magtayo ang [[:en:Intamin|Intamin]] ng "half-pipe" na [[:en:Roller_coaster|roller coaster]] sa bubong ng walong palapag na Don Quijote sa [[:en:Roppongi|Roppongi]]. Ang Roppongi ay isang mataong lugar sa puso ng Tokyo, at tinanggihan ng maraming negosyo at residente ang ideya ng isang roller coaster sa kanilang komunidad dahil sa pansin, ingay, at dagsa ng tao na maaari itond idulot. Nakumpleto ang proyekto noong 2006 ngunit dahil sa mga nababahalang grupo sa lugar, hindi ito kailanman pinatakbo.. Sa taong 2019, natanggal ang istruktura. ==Mga sanggunian== {{Reflist}} [[Kategorya:Mga pinagmulan sa wikang Hapones ng CS1 (ja)]] [[Kategorya:Mga artikulong naglalaman ng Hapones]] [[Kategorya:Mga kompanya sa Hapon]] [[Kategorya:Tindahan]] 6jdcp4fzt6nbswz8hn7mal57fecl2iu 0 333300 2210277 2151261 2026-06-03T23:55:23Z InternetArchiveBot 113521 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2210277 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Talaksan:Hibiscus_Delight_tisane.jpg|thumb| "''Hibiscus delight''" na gawa sa paglugom ng mga bulaklak ng [[gumamela]], bunga ng rosas, balat ng kahel, tsaang lunti, at dahon ng pulang [[sampinit]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hibiscus Delight (Loose Leaf Tea Blend) – 1/2 lb |url=https://www.lonestarbotanicals.com/product/hibiscus-delight-loose-leaf-tea-blend-1-2-lb/ |access-date=2021-08-04 |website=Lone Star Botanicals |archive-date=2021-09-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927035133/https://www.lonestarbotanicals.com/product/hibiscus-delight-loose-leaf-tea-blend-1-2-lb/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>]] [[Talaksan:Butterfly-pea_flower_tea_3.jpg|thumb| Tsaang [[pukingan]]. Nilagyan ang nasa kanan ng katas ng dayap, kaya naglila ang kulay nito.]] Ang mga '''tisana''' ay mga inuming gawa sa [[inpusyon]] o [[Dekoksyon|dekoksiyon]] ng [[Yerba|mga yerba]], [[pampalasa]], o iba pang bahagi ng [[halaman]] sa mainit na tubig. Kadalasang pantukoy ang '''tsaang yerba''', o '''''tsaa''''' lamang, sa lahat ng uri ng tisana. Maraming yerba ang ginagamit sa mga tsaa/tisana na ginagamit din sa halamang gamot at sa katutubong gamot. Karaniwang hindi naglalaman ang mga "tsaang" ito ng anumang tunay na ''[[tsaa]]'' (''[[Camellia sinensis]]''), ngunit may tunay na tsaa ang ilang mga timpla (hal., ang Indiyong klasiko, ''masala chai''). Maaaring gamitin ang terminong tsaang "yerba" upang distinggihin ang mga inuming ito mula sa mga "tunay" na tsaa (hal., itim, berde, puti, dilaw, oolong), na inihanda mula sa mga preserbadong dahon ng halamang tsaa, ''[[Camellia sinensis]]''. Hindi tulad ng mga tunay na tsaa, walang likas na [[kapeina]] ang karamihan sa mga tisana (bagaman maaaring gawing dekapeinado ang tsaa, ibig sabihin, iproseso upang alisin ang kapeina).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Herbal tea |trans-title=Tsaang yerba |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/herbal-tea |access-date=2019-09-25 |publisher=Dictionary.reference.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Center |first=Garfield Medical |title=Different Types of Tea and Caffeine Content |trans-title=Mga Iba't Ibang Uri ng Tsaa at Nilalamang Kapeina |url=https://www.garfieldmedicalcenter.com/GMC-Blog/2016/October/Different-Types-of-Tea-and-Caffeine-Content.aspx |access-date=2021-01-29 |website=Garfield Medical Center |language=en}}</ref> Subalit ang ilang mga halaman ay may mga sikoaktibong kompuwesto, tulad ng kapeina o iba pang pampasigla, tulad ng teobromina, kokaina o epedrina. Baliktad ang epekto ng iba, na nagsisilbing pampakalma. May tiyak na pangalan ang ilang karaniwang [[inpusyon]] tulad ng ''mate'' at ''rooibos''. Ang tsaang gumamela o tsaang hibisko ay isang uri ng inpusyong yerba, ngunit may maraming timpla na inilarawan bilang ibang halaman na may gumamela bilang pangunahing sangkap, o isa sa mga medyor na sangkap.<ref>{{cite web |title=Blackberry & Blueberry infusion |trans-title=Inpusyon ng Sarsamora & Ayusip |url=https://www.sainsburys.co.uk/gol-ui/product/sainsburys-blackberry--blueberry---acai-berry-tea-bags-x20 |access-date=6 Marso 2024 |publisher=Sainsbury's |language=en}} Isang tipikal na halimbawa, inilarawan bilang Sarsamora & Ayusip, ngunit gumamela ang paungahing sangkap nito, at 0.5% ng mga binanggit na sangkap.</ref> ==Mga sanggunian== {{Reflist|30em}} [[Kategorya:Tsaa]] mgi2xdc90ukd40iqteen3r5o1s52nt6 0 334071 2210215 2210188 2026-06-03T12:31:29Z Tabilay 153890 2210215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}} Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' (ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Quezon City]]) ay isang Pilipinang manlalaro ng [[tenis]]. Siya ang pinakamataas na naitalang ranggong Pilipino sa WTA, na umabot sa world No. 29 noong Marso 16, 2026.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |last=Castillejo |first=Dyan |date=March 16, 2026 |title=Alex Eala rises to career-high World No. 29 |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/3/16/eala-rises-to-career-high-world-no-29-in-latest-wta-rankings-1032}}</ref> Nanalo siya ng mga junior Grand Slam: doubles sa 2020 Australian Open at 2021 French Open, at girls' singles sa 2022 US Open.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=September 10, 2022 |title=Eala captures US Open girls' singles crown |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/final-results-alex-eala-lucie-havlickova-us-open-september-10-2022/}}</ref> Sa pro circuit, mayroon siyang limang ITF singles at tatlong ITF doubles title. Noong 2025, umabot siya sa semifinals ng Miami Open, nag-final sa Eastbourne Open, at nagkampeon sa WTA 125 Guadalajara Open.<ref name=":63">{{Cite web |title=WTA: Alexandra Eala |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/alexandra-eala/matches#main-content |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox tennis biography |name = Alexandra Eala |image = Ealas and Patrick Gregorio (cropped Alexandra Eala).jpg |image_upright = .8 |caption = Eala at the [[:en:2025 SEA Games|2025 SEA Games]] |fullname = Alexandra Maniego Eala |country = {{PHI}} |residence = [[Metro Manila]], Philippines<br>[[Mallorca]], Spain |birth_date = {{birth date and age|2005|5|23}} |birth_place = [[Quezon City]], Philippines |height = {{height|m=1.75}} |turnedpro = March 2020 |plays = Left-handed (two-handed backhand) |coach = Joan Bosch<br> Alexandro Viaene<br>Lluc Bauza (Fitness Coach) |careerprizemoney = US 1,997,574 |singlesrecord = {{tennis record|won=212|lost=130}} |singlestitles = 0 |highestsinglesranking = No. 29 (March 16, 2026) |currentsinglesranking = No. 37 (May 25, 2026) |doublesrecord = {{tennis record|won=48|lost=46}} |doublestitles = 0 |highestdoublesranking = No. 88 (May 4, 2026) |currentdoublesranking = No. 116 (May 25, 2026) |updated = May 25, 2026 |AustralianOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's singles|2025]],[[:en:2026 French Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |Wimbledonresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles|2025]]) |USOpenresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 US Open – Women's singles|2025]]) |AustralianOpenDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's doubles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenDoublesresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's doubles|2025]]) |WimbledonDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles|2025]]) | medaltemplates-expand = no | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry |the {{PHI}}}} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the SEA Games|SEA Games]]}} {{MedalGold | 2025 Thailand | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Team }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Team }} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}} {{MedalBronze | 2022 Hangzhou | Singles }} {{MedalBronze|2022 Hangzhou|Mixed doubles}} }} == Maagang buhay == Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' ay ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Lungsod Quezon]], Pilipinas, kina Michael Eala (business executive)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jara-Puyod |first1=Mariecar |title=‘Eala’s grit, humility and passion have captured every Filipino’s heart,' says Philippine Ambassador Alfonso Ver |url=https://www.gulftoday.ae/sport/2026/02/20/ealas-grit-humility-and-passion-have-captured-every-filipinos-heart-says-philippine-ambassador-alfonso-ver |website=Gulf Today |publisher=Gulf Today |access-date=26 March 2026}}</ref> at [[:en:Rizza_Maniego-Eala|Rosemarie Maniego-Eala]], dating CFO ng [[Globe Telecom]] (hanggang 2024) at dating pambansang manlalangoy na nagwagi ng tansong medalya sa [[:en:1985_SEA_Games|1985 SEA Games]]. Ang kanyang mga tiyuhin ay sina [[:en:Noli_Eala|Noli Eala]] (dating chairperson ng [[:en:Philippine_Sports_Commission|Philippine Sports Commission]] at commissioner ng [[Philippine Basketball Association]])<ref name="Philstar">{{cite news |last1=Acebuche |first1=Yoniel |title=Alex Eala: What to know about the tennis phenom making history on the court |url=https://www.philstarlife.com/celebrity/828326-what-to-know-alex-eala |access-date=August 28, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]] |date=March 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cordero |first=Abac |date=August 30, 2022 |title=Noli Eala named new Philippine Sports Commission chairman |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2022/08/30/2206206/noli-eala-named-new-philippine-sports-commission-chairman |access-date=November 5, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]]}}</ref> at si Rhett Eala (fashion designer).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tunac |first1=Hermes Joy |title=Alex Eala reveals uncle Rhett Eala designed the elegant Filipiniana she wore at Laureus Awards 2026 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/shoppingandfashion/985027/alex-eala-reveals-uncle-rhett-eala-designed-the-elegant-filipiniana-she-wore-at-laureus-awar/story/ |work=[[GMA News]] |date=April 23, 2026}}</ref> Ang nakatatanda niyang kapatid na si Michael Francis “Miko” Eala ay naglaro ng tennis para sa [[:en:Penn_State_Nittany_Lions|Penn State]] mula 2020 hanggang 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |author1=Castillejo, Dyan |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Filipino athletes graduate as part of Penn State's class of 2024 |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/2024/5/6/filipino-athletes-graduate-as-part-of-penn-state-s-class-of-2024-1839 |work=[[ABS-CBN News]]}}</ref><ref name="PEP2">{{Cite news |last1=Bravo |date=March 27, 2025 |title=Who is Alex Eala, Pinoy tennis player at 2025 Miami Open? |url=https://www.pep.ph/peptionary/186040/alex-eala-a5128-20250327 |website=Philippine Entertainment Portal}}</ref> Nagsimulang maglaro si Eala ng tennis sa edad na apat, matapos ipakilala ng kanyang lolo sa ina na si Roberto Maniego, na siya rin ang una niyang coach.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hilotin |title=Alex Eala: Rapid rise in tennis rankings, what's next? |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/alex-eala-rapid-rise-in-tennis-rankings-whats-next-1.500248201 |work=[Gulf News |date=August 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 30, 2022 |title=The rise of Alexandra Eala making headlines in the Philippines and beyond |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2921343/alexandra-eala |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Payo |date=August 31, 2025 |title=Alex Eala and the guts to be first |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-guts-first-philippine-tennis/ |work=[[Rappler]]}}</ref> Nag-aral siya sa Immaculate Conception Academy sa [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]] at [[:en:Colegio_San_Agustin_–_Makati|Colegio San Agustin]] sa [[Makati]], bago lumipat sa [[:en:Rafa_Nadal_Academy|Rafa Nadal Academy]] sa [[:en:Manacor|Manacor]], Espanya, kung saan siya nagtapos noong 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mina |title=How Alex Eala became a world-class tennis champion |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/10/22/22/what-it-took-for-alex-eala-to-become-a-tennis-world-champ |work=[[ABS-CBN News]] |date=October 22, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 19, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Biography: Acing Her Path to the Tennis Court |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/blog/alex-eala-journey-to-pro |website=[[Globe Telecom|Globe]]}}</ref> == Personal na buhay == Paborito ni Eala ang [[:en:Kaldereta|kaldereta]] at mas gusto niya ang [[matcha]] kaysa kape.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mina |first=Inna |date=3 Pebrero 2026 |title=Ikaw ba ay tao ng Kare-Kare? Ang ranggo ni Alex Eala sa pagkaing Pilipino ay maaaring ikagulat mo |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/40770/are-you-a-kare-kare-person-alex-eala-filipino-food-rankings-might-surprise-you |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=One Sports |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Castillejo |first1=Dyan |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala at mga kapwa propesyonal ang kanilang personalidad sa labas ng korte sa Players Box Podcast |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/4/1/alex-eala-joins-fellow-players-on-the-players-box-podcast-0007 |website=ABS-CBN Sports |publisher=ABS-CBN Network |access-date=31 Marso 2026}}</ref> Multilingual siya at nagsasalita ng Ingles, Kastila, at [[Wikang Tagalog|Tagalog]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Futterman |first1=Matthew |title=Bumalik si Alex Eala sa Miami Open, kung saan nagsimula ang isang pangarap na nagpasiklab ng fenomeno sa tennis |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7124102/2026/03/19/tennis-alex-eala-philippines-miami-open/ |website=The Athletic |publisher=The New York Times |access-date=25 Marso 2026}}</ref> Itinuturing niya ang [[:en:Wimbledon_Championships|Wimbledon]] bilang paborito niyang Grand Slam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=3 Hulyo 2025 |title='Living my dream': Nagdiwang si Alex Eala sa makasaysayang Wimbledon stint |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-revels-historic-wimbledon-stint-2025/ |access-date=3 Hulyo 2025 |website=Rappler |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 Disyembre 2025 |title=Vogue Rapid-Fire interview kay Alex Eala |url=https://www.instagram.com/reels/DSoxP5lk1bS/ |access-date=24 Disyembre 2025 |website=Instagram |language=tl}}</ref> Binanggit niya si [[Maria Sharapova]] bilang impluwensya sa kanyang istilo ng laro at nakapagsanay na siya kasama si [[Rafael Nadal]] at ang kapatid niyang si Miko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atencio |first=Peter |date=19 Hulyo 2025 |title=Ang impluwensya ni Sharapova ang nagtutulak sa agresibong laro ni Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/sports-plus/314618107/sharapovas-influence-drives-alex-ealas-aggressive-game.html |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Manila Standard |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=20 Nobyembre 2025 |title=Naglaro si Alex Eala kasama si Rafael Nadal |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/649046/alex-eala-trains-with-rafael-nadal-in-his-return-to-court |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Inquirer |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 Agosto 2025 |title=Bago ang malalaking tao, palaging nasa tabi ni Alex Eala ang kanyang kapatid na si Miko |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/get-to-know-alex-eala-older-brother-and-avid-supporter-miko-a6035-20250827 |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> Pagkatapos ng kanyang breakout sa 2025 Miami Open, lumawak ang kanyang kasikatan sa Pilipinas at sa mga [[:en:Overseas_Filipinos_Filipino_diaspora|komunidad ng Pilipino sa ibayong dagat]], na inihalintulad ng ilang komentarista sa impluwensya ni [[Manny Pacquiao]]. Ayon sa mamamahayag at dating manlalaro ng tennis na si [[:en:Dyan_Castillejo|Dyan Castillejo]], tinatrato na siya ng mga tagahanga “na para bang nanalo na siya ng Grand Slam.” Nakatulong din ang paggamit niya ng Tagalog sa pagpapalakas ng ugnayan sa mga tagasuporta, at ang kanyang pag-angat ay nagpasiklab ng bagong interes sa tennis sa bansa. Inihambing din ng mga analista ang epekto niya sa paglawak ng tennis sa mga pigura tulad nina [[:en:Li_Na|Li Na]] at [[:en:Ons_Jabeur|Ons Jabeur]].<ref name=":0" /> Mas naging palakaibigan si Eala sa tour at nakabuo ng mga sumusuportang pagkakaibigan kina [[:en:Iva_Jović|Iva Jović]], [[:en:Zeynep_Sonmez|Zeynep Sonmez]], [[:en:Victoria_Mboko|Victoria Mboko]], [[:en:Eva_Lys|Eva Lys]], [[:en:Leylah_Fernandez|Leylah Fernandez]], at [[:en:Lizette_Cabrera|Lizette Cabrera]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reyes |first=Kate |date=9 Marso 2026 |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala ang mga kaibigan na kanyang nakilala sa kanyang batang karera sa WTA |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/alex-eala-bares-friends-she-has-made-in-her-young-wta-career-a6035-20260309 |access-date=9 Marso 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> ==Karera== ===Junior na Karera=== Nagtagumpay si Eala sa junior circuit, kabilang ang kanyang mga panalo sa singles sa [[:en:2022_US_Open_–_Girls'_singles|US Open]] at mga titulo sa doubles sa [[:en:2020_Australian_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|Australian Open]] at [[:en:2021_French_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|French Open]].<ref name=":63" /> === Propesyonal na Karera === ==== ITF World Women's Tennis Tour ==== Mula sa kanyang mga junior na karera, lumipat si Eala sa [[:en:ITF_Women's_World_Tennis_Tour|ITF circuit]], kung saan unti-unti niyang pinagtibay ang kanyang rekord. Mula 2021 hanggang 2024, nakamit niya ang anim na titulo sa singles, kabilang ang torneo na [[:en:2024_Open_Araba_en_Femenino_–_Singles|W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz]]. Sa doubles, nagwagi siya ng tatlong titulo noong 2024, kasama sina [[:en:Darja_Semeņistaja|Darja Semeņistaja]] at [[:en:Estelle_Cascino|Estelle Cascino]].<ref name=":63" /> ====WTA Tour==== Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa [[:en:WTA_Tour|WTA Tour]] noong 2021 sa kanyang unang pagsabak sa [[:en:2021_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], kung saan nabigo siyang makalusot sa qualifying. Lumahok din siya sa [[:en:2021_Winners_Open_–_Singles|Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca)]], ngunit natigil sa ikalawang yugto.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2022, muling naglaro si Eala sa [[:en:2022_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] ngunit natanggal sa unang yugto. Sinubukan din niyang makapasok sa [[:en:2022_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], subalit nabigo siya sa qualifying.<ref name=":63" /> Pagsapit ng 2023, sumabak siya sa [[:en:2023_Thailand_Open_–_Singles|Thailand Open (Hua Hin)]], [[:en:2023_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2023_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2023_Japan_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Japan Women’s Open (Osaka)]], [[:en:2023_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], at [[:en:2023_Jasmin_Open_–_Singles|Jasmin Open (Monastir, Tunisia)]], ngunit hindi siya nakalusot sa unang yugto ng mga nasabing torneo.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2024_Veneto_Open_–_Singles|Veneto Open (Italy)]] bago mapatigil ni [[:en:Sara_Errani|Sara Errani]]. Gayunman, karamihan sa kanyang kampanya ay nauwi sa maagang pagkatanggal sa mga torneo tulad ng [[:en:2024_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2024_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2024_Wuhan_Open_–_Singles|Wuhan Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], [[:en:2024_Guadalajara_Open_Akron_–_Singles|Guadalajara Akron Open]], [[:en:2024_Ningbo_Open_–_Singles|Ningbo Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Jiangxi_Open_–_Singles|Jiangxi Open (Jiujiang, China)]], [[:en:2024_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Nottingham_Open_–_Women's_singles|Nottingham Open]], [[:en:2024_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra International]], [[:en:2024_Polish_Open_–_Singles|Polish Open (Warsaw)]], at [[:en:2024_Makarska_International_Championships_–_Singles|Makarska Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, nakarating siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] bago mapigilan ni [[:en:Jessica_Pegula|Jessica Pegula]]. Sa damuhan, umabot siya sa final ng [[:en:2025_Eastbourne_Open_–_Women's_singles|Eastbourne Open]] at nagtapos bilang runner-up kay [[:en:Maya_Joint|Maya Joint]]. Nakamit din niya ang kanyang unang titulo sa Challenger/125 level sa [[:en:2025_Guadalajara_125_Open_–_Singles|Guadalajara 125 Open]], at umabot sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra Open]], [[:en:2025_Jingshan_Tennis_Open_–_Women's_singles|Jingshan Open (China)]], at [[:en:2025_Suzhou_WTA_125_–_Singles|Suzhou Open]]. Gayunpaman, hindi siya nagtagumpay sa [[:en:2025_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]], [[:en:2025_National_Bank_Open_–_Women's_singles|Canadian Open]], at [[:en:2025_Hong_Kong_Tennis_Open_–_Singles|Hong Kong Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nakapasok siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2026_ASB_Classic_–_Women's_singles|ASB Classic (Auckland)]] at [[:en:2026_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], at umabot din sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2026_Philippine_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Philippines Women’s Open]] at [[:en:2026_Dubai_Tennis_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Dubai Tennis Championships]]. Nakarating siya sa ika-apat na yugto ng [[:en:2026_BNP_Paribas_Open_–_Women's_singles|Indian Wells Open]] at [[:en:2026_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]]. Sa luwad, umabot siya sa ikatlong yugto ng [[:en:2026_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]] bago natalo kay [[:en:Elena_Rybakina|Elena Rybakina]], ngunit nabigo sa unang yugto ng [[:en:2026_Qatar_TotalEnergies_Open_–_Singles|Qatar Open]], [[:en:2026_Porsche_Tennis_Grand_Prix_–_Singles|Stuttgart Open]], at [[:en:2026_Internationaux_de_Strasbourg_–_Singles|Strasbourg International]].<ref name=":63" /> === Grand Slam === Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa mga torneo ng Grand Slam noong 2023 sa kanyang unang mga pagsubok sa qualifying, kabilang ang laban niya kay [[:en:Misaki_Doi|Misaki Doi]] sa opening round ng [[:en:2023_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa final qualifying round sa lahat ng apat na major—[[:en:2024_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open]], [[:en:2024_French_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|French Open]], [[:en:2024_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Wimbledon]], at [[:en:2024_US_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|US Open]]—ngunit hindi pa rin siya nakapasok sa main draw.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, muling sumabak si Eala sa [[:en:2025_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]] ngunit natanggal. Gayunman, nakapasok siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2025_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|French Open]] at [[:en:2025_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Wimbledon]], kung saan kapwa siya natalo sa unang yugto. Sa [[:en:2025_US_Open_–_Women's_singles|US Open]], umabot siya sa ikalawang round bago magpaubaya kay [[:en:Cristina_Bucșa|Cristina Bucșa]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nag-debut siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2026_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Australian Open]] ngunit natalo sa unang round kay [[:en:Alycia_Parks|Alycia Parks]]. Sa [[:en:2026_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|Roland Garros]], natigil din ang kanyang kampanya sa opening round matapos matalo kay [[:en:Iva_Jovic|Iva Jovic]].<ref name=":63" /> <!-- ===Eala's Matches=== ---> == Mga laro ni Eala == === Juniors === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Singles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || R2 || R3 || A || A |- | French Open || A || SF || A || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || A || W |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Doubles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || A || W || A || A |- | French Open || A || A || W || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || SF || – |} === ITF Women's World Tour === ==== ITF Titles ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Tournament !! Category !! Event !! Partner |- | 2021 || W15 Manacor || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2022 || W25 Chiang Rai || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Yecla || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Roehampton || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W50 Pune || ITF || Doubles || Darja Semeņistaja |- | 2024 || W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |} ===== ITF Singles ===== ''' 2020 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 2 || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anna Zarycka || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Lara Salden || 0–6, 6–2, 2–6 |- | Melilla || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anastasia Charaeva || 3–6, 3–6 |- | Monastir 9 || W15 || Hard || Second Round || Nina Stadler || 6–4, 6–7, 5–7 |} ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W15 Manacor || W15 || Hard || Final (Title) || Yvonne Cavalle-Reimers || 5–7, 6–1, 6–2 |- | W15 Manacor 2 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ylena In-Albon || 0–6, 3–6 |- | W15 Manacor 3 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Oksana Selekhmeteva || 2–6, 3–6 |- | W25 Grenoble || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Maja Chwalińska || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Manacor 4 || W25 || Hard || Second Round || Jana Fett || 6–4, 3–6, 5–7 |- | W15 Manacor 5 || W15 || Hard || First Round || Simona Waltert || 4–6, 6–2, 5–7 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || Second Round || Simona Waltert || 5–7, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Irene Burillo Escorihuela || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Madrid 2 || W25 || Hard || First Round || Andrea Lázaro García || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Milovice || W25 || Hard || First Round || Daria Astakhova || 2–6, 2–6 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Chiang Rai || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Luksika Kumkhum || 6–4, 6–2 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Erika Sema || 3–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Robbe || 6–7(3), 3–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Final || Marina Bassols Ribera || 4–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W60 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessika Ponchet || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 El Espinar || W25 || Hard || Semifinals || Eva Guerrero Alvarez || 2–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W100 Grodzisk Mazowiecki || W100 || Hard || First Round || Katharina Hobgarski || 4–6, 3–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Katarzyna Kawa || 6–2, 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Rancho Santa Fe || W80 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Marcela Zacarías || 2–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Hamburg || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Ysaline Bonaventure || 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Semifinals || Ysaline Bonaventure || 1–6, 6–3, 3–6 |- | W100 Shrewsbury || W100 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Maia Lumsden || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Yecla || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Valentina Ryser || 6–3, 7–5 |- | W25 Roehampton || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Arina Rodionova || 6–2, 6–3 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || Final || Destanee Aiava || 6–3, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || Final || Océane Dodin || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Final (Title) || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || 6–4, 6–4 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 6–4, 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Takasaki || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Mananchaya Sawangkaew || 6–4, 1–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Cary || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Renata Zarazúa || 6–3, 4–6, 3–6 |- | W100 Landisville || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Olivia Gadecki || 1–6, 6–0, 3–6 |- | W75 Porto || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna Bondar || 4–6, 7–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Trnava 1 || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anastasia Gureva || 2–6, 6–3, 6–7 |- | W75 Trnava 2 || W75 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Martincová || 6–3, 4–6, 6–7 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Second Round || Mona Barthel || 6–4, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Zagreb || W75 || Clay || First Round || Tena Lukas || 5–7, 6–3, 4–6 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || First Round || Selena Janicijevic || 3–6, 1–6 |- | W50 Indore || W50 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 4–6, 7–6, 2–6 |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Darja Semenistaja || 6–7, 0–6 |} ===== ITF Doubles ===== ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Madrid || W25 || Hard || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || Quarterfinals || Olivia Tjandramulia / Ashley Lahey || 5–7, 6–4, 6–10 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Oksana Selekhmeteva || Final || Justina Mikulskytė / Oana Simion || 3–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Manacor || W25 || Hard || Elsa Jacquemot || Quarterfinals || Olga Parres Azcoitia / Aurora Zantedeschi || 6–2, 4–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Macon || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Audrey Albie / Aubane Droguet || 4–6, 2–6 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 1 || W25 || Hard || Indy De Vroome || First Round || Patcharin Cheapchandej / Punnin Kovapitukted || 6–4, 5–7, 6–10 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Kyōka Okamura || Quarterfinals || Pimrada Jattavapornvanit / Gozal Ainitdinova || 6–4, 7–6(4), 2–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Olga Helmi / Adithya Karunaratne || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Liang En-shuo || Quarterfinals || Tímea Babos / Valeria Savinykh || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Palma del Río || W25 || Clay || Marina Bassols Ribera || Semifinals || Valeria Savinykh / Fanny Stollár || 2–6, 0–6 |- | W25 Corroios-Seixal || W25 || Hard || Lizette Cabrera || Quarterfinals || Justina Mikulskytė / Hong Yi Cody Wong || 5–7, 4–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Annaëlle Robbe || Second Round || Madison Brengle || 6–3, 6–7, 6–10 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Petra Marcinko || Quarterfinals || Miriam Skoch / Markéta Vondroušová || 5–7, 2–6 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W60 Trnava 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 4–6, 1–6 |- | W60 Chiasso || W60 || Clay || — || First Round || Beatrice Gumulya / Anna Sisková || 3–6, 6–4, 11–13 |- | W25 Zaragoza || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Alana Parnaby / Victoria Rodríguez || 6–4, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 5–7, 6–1, 9–11 |- | W60 Barcelona || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–4, 3–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Roehampton 2 || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Talia Gibson / Petra Hule || 1–6, 5–7 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Erina Hayashi / Saki Imamura || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W100 Tokyo 2 || W100 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 0–6, 7–5, 6–10 |- | W60 Glasgow 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Freya Christie / Olivia Gadecki || — |- | W60 Nantes || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Ekaterina Maklakova / Ekaterina Reyngold || 6–1, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Danielle Collins / Isabelle Haverlag || 2–6, 4–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Darja Semeņistaja || Final (Title) || Naiktha Bains / Fanny Stollár || 7–6(8), 6–3 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Maia Lumsden / Jessika Ponchet || 7–5, 7–6(4) |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Lia Karatancheva / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–3, 2–6, 10–4 |- | W75 Porto 3 || W75 || Hard || Alicia Barnett || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Friedsam / Aliccia Barnett || 3–6, 4–6 |- | W75 Trnava || W75 || Hard || Zeynep Sönmez || Semifinals || Lulu Sun / Moyuka Uchijima || 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Valentini Grammatikopoulou || Quarterfinals || Isabelle Haverlag / Erika Pridankina || 7–5, 4–6, 3–10 |} === WTA and WTA 125 tournaments === ==== 2021 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Court !! Category !! Opponent !! Round !! Score |- | Miami Open || Hard || WTA 1000 || Viktória Hrunčáková || Qualifying 1 || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca) || Clay || WTA 250 || Mayar Sherif || Second Round || 2–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2022 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Category !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Madison Brengle || 2–6, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Qualifying 1 || Anna Bondár || 0–6, 0–6 |} ==== 2023 ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Misaki Doi || 6–4, 1–6, 3–6 |- | Thailand Open (Hua Hin) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Irina-Camelia Begu || 2–6, 5–7 |- | Mutua Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Tatjana Maria || 1–6, 1–6 |- | Japan Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Himari Sakatsume (Q) || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (3) || 3–6, 0–6 |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Elise Mertens (2) || 5–7, 0–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Cristina Bucșa / Bibiane Schoofs || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2024 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Rebecca Peterson (18) || 2–6, 5–7 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Qualifying 3 || Julia Riera (2) || 6–4, 6–7, 4–6 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Qualifying 3 || Lulu Sun (23) || 6–7, 5–7 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 3 || Elena-Gabriela Ruse (20) || 6–3, 1–6, 4–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Emiliana Arango || 6–2, 5–7, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Sorana Cîrstea (27) || 3–6, 7–6, 4–6 |- | Wuhan Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Kateřina Siniaková || 3–6, 1–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Magda Linette || 6–7, 1–6 |- | Guadalajara Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Priscilla Hon || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Jiangxi Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (1) || 5–7, 6–7 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Bernarda Pera || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Qualifying 2 || Ena Shibahara || 7–6, 0–6, 2–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Céline Naef (5) || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Tatjana Maria (4) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Polish Open (Warsaw) || WTA 125 || Hard || First Round || Isabella Shinikova || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Veneto Open (Gaiba) || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Sara Errani (4) || 0–6, 6–7 |- | Makarska Open || WTA 125 || Clay || First Round || Maria Timofeeva (Q) || 6–1, 3–6, 2–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Laura Pigossi || Semifinals || Kaylah McP / Astra Sharma || 6–7(1), 3–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Taylah Preston || First Round || Valeria Lepchenko / Anna Falei || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Polish Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Daniela Semenistaja || Quarterfinals || Weronika Falkowska / Martyna Kubka || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Kimberly Birrell || Quarterfinals || Katarzyna Piter / Fanny Stollar || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || En Shuo Liang || Quarterfinals || Giuliana Olmos / Alexandra Panova || 1–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2025 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Jana Fett (133) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Singapore Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Simona Waltert (179) || 3–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessica Pegula (4) || 6–7, 7–5, 3–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Second Round || Iga Świątek (2) || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Marta Kostyuk (27) || 0–6, 1–6 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || First Round || Emiliana Arango (85) || 0–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- |Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová || 5-7, 7-6(5), 1-6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || First Round || Magda Linette (31) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Eastbourne Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Finals (RunnerUp) || Maya Joint || 4–6, 6–1, 6–7 (10–12) |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || First Round || Barbora Krejčíková (16) || 6–3, 2–6, 1–6 |- | National Bank Open (Montreal) || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Markéta Vondroušová (63) || 6–3, 1–6, 2–6 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Second Round || Cristina Bucșa (95) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | São Paulo Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Janice Tjen (130) || 4–6, 1–6 |- | China Open (Wuhan) || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Moyuka Uchijima (91) || 4–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | Japan Women's Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Valentová (78) || 1–6, 2–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Claire Liu (305) || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | Hong Kong Tennis Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Second Round || Victoria Mboko (21) || 6–3, 3–6, 4–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Shuai Wei (134) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Mai Hontama (166) || 6–7, 2–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Second Round || Panna Udvardy (137) || 6–7, 4–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová (152) || 5–7, 7–6, 1–6 |- | Ilkley Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Rebecca Marino (107) || 6–1, 0–6, 6–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Champion || Panna Udvardy (134) || 1–6, 7–5, 6–3 |- | Jingshan Tennis Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Lulu Sun (146) || 6–3, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Suzhou Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Viktorija Golubic (70) || 6–2, 2–6, 6–7 |} '''Withdrawals''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Reason |- | Cincinnati Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Shoulder injury |- | Monterrey Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Shoulder injury |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Nadiia Kichenok || Semifinals || Katarzyna Piter / Janice Tjen || 7–6(4), 3–6, 5–10 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Coco Gauff || Quarterfinals || Jasmine Paolini / Sara Errani || 5–7, 6–3, 7–10 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Renata Zarazúa || Second Round || Olga Danilović / Anastasia Potapova || 1–6, 3–6 |- | Hong Kong Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Chan Hao‑ching || First Round || Kamilla Rakhimova / Aliaksandra Sasnovich || 6–3, 1–6, 7–10 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Eva Lys || First Round || Ingrid Gamarra Martins / Quinn Gleason || 4–6, 2–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Rebeka Masarova || First Round || Storm Hunter / Ellen Perez || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Tsao Chia‑yi || First Round || Amina Anshba / Elena Pridankina || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Katie Volynets || First Round || Carmen Corley / Olivia Gadecki || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2026 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Semifinals || Wang Xinyu || 7–5, 5–7, 6–4 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || First Round || Alycia Parks || 6–0, 3–6, 2–6 |- | Philippines Womens Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals|| Camila Osorio || 4-6, 4-6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ekaterina Alexandrova|| 3-6, 3-6 |- | Qatar Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round|| Tereza Valentová|| 6-7 (6), 1-6 |- |Dubai Tennis Championships |WTA 1000 |Hard |Quarterfinals |Coco Gauff |0-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Linda Noskova |2-6, 0-6 |- |Miami Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Karolína Muchová |0-6,2-6 |- |Linz Open |WTA 500 |Clay |Second Round |Jelena Ostapenko |4-6, 5-7 |- |Stuttgart Open |WTA 500 |Clay | First Round | Leylah Fernandez | 1-6, 4-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Second Round |Elise Mertens |2-6, 1-6 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Third Round |Elena Rybakina |4-6, 3-6 |- |Strasbourg International |WTA 500 |Clay |First Round |Oleksandra Oliynykova |6-3, 5-7, 3-6 |- |French Open |Grand Slam |Clay |First Round |Iva Jovic |4-6, 2-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Second Round |Alina Charaeva | |- |HSBC Championships |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Berlin Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Bad Homburg Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Wimbledon |Grand Slam |Grass | | | |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Iva Jovic || Semifinals || Xu Yifan / Yang Zhaoxuan || 5–7, 3–6 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Ingrid Martins || First Round || Shuko Aoyama / Magda Linette || 6–7(3), 6–2, 3–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Janice Tjen|| Semifinals|| Tereza Mihalíková / Olivia Nicholls|| 4-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Iva Jovic |First Round |Hailey Baptiste / Jelena Ostapenko |2-6, 2-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Zeynep Sönmez |Second Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |1-6, 5-7 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Hailey Baptiste |First Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |2-6, 1-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Nikola Bartůňková |First Round |Harriet Dart / Maia Lumsden |4-6, 6-2, 9-11 |- |} == Taunang ranggo ng WTA == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ ! Taon !! Isahan !! Dalawahan |- | 2021 || 529 || 780 |- | 2022 || 219 || 594 |- | 2023 || 205 || 436 |- | 2024 || 158 || 239 |- | 2025 || 50 || 161 |} Pinagmulan: Opisyal na Profile ni Alex Eala sa WTA<ref name=":63" /> == Estilo ng Paglalaro == Si Eala ay isang agresibong baseliner na gumagamit ng forehand at matatag na backhand upang kontrolin ang rally. Bilang kaliwete, nakalilikha siya ng mabigat na topspin at kilala sa mahusay na return game. Ang kanyang pangunahing kahinaan ay ang serve, na kulang sa bilis at variety, kahit mas epektibo siya sa hard courts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caramoan |first=Miguel Alfonso |date=January 19, 2026 |title=What’s next for Alex Eala after 2026 Australian Open first-round exit? |url=https://www.espn.ph/tennis/story/_/id/47658308/what-next-alex-eala-2026-australian-open-first-round-exit |website=ESPN |language=en|access-date=January 24, 2026}}</ref> Nakamit na niya ang semifinals ng WTA 1000 at tinalo ang tatlong major champions sa [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|2025 Miami Open]].<ref name=":Gulf">{{Cite web |title=What Alexandra Eala Needs to Win Titles and Beat Top Players |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/what-alexandra-eala-needs-to-win-titles-and-beat-top-players-1.500440043 |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Gulf News}}</ref> Ayon sa mga analyst, kailangan niyang palakasin ang serve, dagdagan ang variety, at patatagin ang kondisyon upang makipagsabayan sa pinakamalalaking titulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2026 |title=Alex Eala told where she can improve: Martina Navratilova offers advice |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/alex-eala-told-where-she-can-improve-martina-navratilova-offers-advice |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> === Laban sa Top 20 manlalaro ng WTA === Si Eala ay 6‑‑9 laban sa Top‑20. Kapag nananalo, kontrolado niya ang laban at epektibo ang unang serve; kapag natalo, mahina ang unang serve at nakakakuha ng puntos ang kalaban. Sa panalo, mataas ang kanyang dominance ratio (average 1.24): mga 66% ng unang serve ang pumapasok at nananalo siya ng mga 60% ng puntos mula rito. Sa talo, mababa ang dominance ratio (average 0.65): mga 61% ang unang serve in pero nananalo lang siya ng mga 45% ng unang‑serve points. Limang sa anim niyang panalo ay malinaw ang pagkakalamang; ang laban kay Tauson sa US Open 2025 ang nagpakita ng pinakamalapit na resulta. Konklusyon: kapag mahusay ang unang serve at napipilit niya ang kalaban sa baseline, tumaas ang tsansa niyang talunin ang Top‑20 — kung hindi, bumababa agad ang kontrol at lumalayo ang pagkatalo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennis Abstract: Alexandra Eala vs. Top 20 Players |url=https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=ACareerqqITop_20qqv1 |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=Tennis Abstract}}</ref> <!-- ==== Mga Panalo ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Torneo (Taon) !! Kalaban (Ranggo) !! Resulta !! DR !! 1stIn !! 1st% !! 2nd% |- | Indian Wells – Hard (2026) || Coco Gauff || 6-2, 2-0 RET || 1.46 || 68.0% || 58.8% || 50.0% |- | Dubai – Hard (2026) || Jasmine Paolini || 6-1, 7-6(5) || 1.32 || 63.1% || 73.2% || 50.0% |- | US Open – Hard (2025) || Clara Tauson || 6-3, 2-6, 7-6(11) || 0.97 || 68.1% || 59.4% || 43.3% |- | Eastbourne – Grass (2025) || Jelena Ostapenko || 0-6, 6-2, 3-2 RET || 1.08 || 63.5% || 57.6% || 63.2% |- | Miami – Hard (2025) || Iga Swiatek || 6-2, 7-5 || 1.27 || 66.7% || 52.3% || 50.0% |- | Miami – Hard (2025) || Madison Keys || 6-4, 6-2 || 1.32 || 66.1% || 58.5% || 52.4% |} ==== Mga Talo ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Torneo (Taon) !! Kalaban (Ranggo) !! Resulta !! DR !! 1stIn !! 1st% !! 2nd% |- | French Open – Clay (2026) || Iva Jovic || 4-6, 2-6 || 0.73 || 50% || 47% || 30% |- | Rome – Clay (2026) || Elena Rybakina || 4-6, 3-6 || 0.80 || 67.1% || 56.9% || 44.0% |- | Miami – Hard (2026) || Karolina Muchova || 0-6, 2-6 || 0.39 || 52.4% || 36.4% || 50.0% |- | Indian Wells – Hard (2026) || Linda Noskova || 2-6, 0-6 || 0.36 || 56.8% || 36.0% || 47.4% |- | Dubai – Hard (2026) || Coco Gauff || 0-6, 2-6 || 0.61 || 57.5% || 30.4% || 41.2% |- | Abu Dhabi – Hard (2026) || Ekaterina Alexandrova || 3-6, 3-6 || 0.79 || 69.8% || 45.5% || 52.6% |- | Wimbledon – Grass (2025) || Barbora Krejcikova || 6-3, 2-6, 1-6 || 0.82 || 54.3% || 50.0% || 50.0% |- | Madrid – Clay (2025) || Iga Swiatek || 6-4, 4-6, 2-6 || 0.77 || 69.0% || 50.7% || 41.9% |- | Miami – Hard (2025) || Jessica Pegula || 6-7(3), 7-5, 3-6 || 0.87 || 72.5% || 62.2% || 42.9% |} --> == Ibang larangan == === Pambansang koponan === Kinatawan ni Eala ang [[Pilipinas]] sa mga internasyonal na torneo. Nagwagi siya ng mga medalya sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2021_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2021]] (pilak sa singles, team, at mixed doubles) at sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2022_Asian_Games|Asian Games 2022]] (pilak sa singles at mixed doubles).<ref name=":7">{{cite news |last1=Carandang |first1=Justin Kenneth |date=May 20, 2022 |title=Tennis ace Alex Eala settles for bronze in women's singles |work=[[GMA News]] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/sports/othersports/832339/tennis-ace-alex-eala-settles-for-bronze-in-women-s-singles/story/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 25, 2025}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite news |last=Payo |first=Jasmine |date=September 29, 2023 |title=Alex Eala bags 2nd Asian Games bronze with Alcantara in doubles |language=en-US |work=[[Rappler]] |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/tennis-semifinal-results-mixed-doubles-alex-eala-francis-casey-alcantara-asian-games-september-29-2023/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 10, 2025}}</ref> Noong 2024, pinangunahan niya ang koponan sa 5–0 panalo sa Group II ng Billie Jean King Cup qualifiers, na nag-angat sa Pilipinas sa Group I.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Luisa |date=December 2, 2024 |title=Alex Eala relishes leading Team Philippines to BJK Cup promotion in Bahrain |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/26898/alex-eala-relishes-leading-team-philippines-to-bjk-cup-promotion-in-bahrain |url-status=live |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=One Sports |language=en}}</ref> Sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2025_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2025]], nakamit niya ang ginto sa women's singles at tanso sa mixed doubles at team events.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=December 18, 2025 |title=Alex Eala wins SEA Games tennis gold, ends long drought for PH|url=https://sports.inquirer.net/655069/alex-eala-wins-sea-games-tennis-gold-ends-long-drought-for-ph |access-date=December 18, 2025 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref> ===Mga Eksibisyon na Laro=== ====Singles: 1 (titles)==== {|class="wikitable" !Resulta !{{ns}}Petsa{{ns}} !Torneo !Uri ng Korte !Kalaban !Iskor |- |Panalo | Enero 2026 |[[:en:Kooyong_Classic|Kooyong Classic]], Melbourne, Australia |Matigas na Korte |[[:en:Donna Vekić|Donna Vekić]] |6–3, 6–4 |} === Mga sponsorship === Simula pagkabata, sinuportahan si Eala ng [[:en:Globe_Telecom|Globe Telecom]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 25, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Opens Up About Life |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/about-us/newsroom/corporate/alex-eala-meet-and-greet}}</ref> at kalaunan ay nagkaroon ng mga endorsement mula sa [[:en:Babolat|Babolat]], [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]], at [[:en:Bank_of_the_Philippine_Islands|BPI]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Champ’s choice: Alex Eala signs up as BPI’s newest endorser|url=https://bilyonaryo.com/2023/01/25/champs-choice-alex-eala-signs-up-as-bpis-newest-endorser/money/}}</ref> bago naging brand ambassador ng [[:en:Milo_(drink)|Milo]] noong 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2026 |title=MILO Active Pilipinas launched with Eala as new ambassador |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/milo-active-pilipinas-launched-with-eala-as-new-ambassador.html}}</ref> === Mga parangal === Walong beses nang kinilala si Eala ng [[:en:Philippine_Sportswriters_Association|Philippine Sportswriters Association]] sa [[:en:PSA_Annual_Awards|PSA Annual Awards]], kabilang ang paggawad sa kanya bilang ''Athlete of the Year'' noong 2026.<ref>Citations for Eala's PSA Annual Awards: *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 25, 2019 |title=Top PH athletes share limelight in PSA Awards 2019 |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/224351-philippine-athletes-sportswriters-association-awards-2019/ |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Gionco |first=Mark |date=February 29, 2020 |title=PH tennis rising star Alex Eala to be feted at PSA Awards |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/387640/ph-tennis-rising-star-alex-eala-to-be-feted-at-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=March 12, 2021 |title=PSA to honor tennis star Eala, boxing champs Casimero, Taduran |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/3/12/psa-to-honor-tennis-star-eala-boxing-champs-casimero-taduran |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 27, 2022 |title=Scribes fete world-class PH boxers |language=en |website=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/27/scribes-fete-world-class-ph-boxers/ |url-status=live |access-date=October 12, 2025 |archive-url= |archive-date=}} *{{Cite news |date=February 12, 2023 |title=PSA Awards: Young Alex Eala to be recognized with President's Award |language=en-US |website=Tiebreaker Times |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/psa-awards-young-alex-eala-to-be-recognized-with-presidents-award/261823 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 10, 2023 |title=Eala recipient of PSA Prexy Awards |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2023/02/10/2243942/eala-recipient-psa-prexy-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=January 24, 2024 |title=Alex Eala, Tots Carlos to be recognized in PSA Awards |website=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/01/15/24/alex-eala-tots-carlos-to-be-recognized-in-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Malanum |first=Jean |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala tops PSA achievers for September |language=en |website=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1260619 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala leads PSA's September honorees |language=en |website=SunStar Publishing Inc. |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/sports/eala-leads-psas-september-honorees |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 17, 2026 |title=Alex Eala hails PSA Athlete of the Year award a proof of PH tennis' rise |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/people/athletes/alex-eala-hails-athlete-of-year-award-proof-tennis-rise-philippines/ |access-date=February 17, 2026}}</ref> Noong 2021, isinama siya ng [[:en:Tatler_Asia|''Tatler Asia'']] sa talaan ng mga pinaka-maimpluwensiyang personalidad sa Asya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asia's Most Influential Philippines 2021 |url=https://www.tatlerasia.com/list/ami/ph?page=3&industry=all&region=ph&year=2021}}</ref> Noong Abril 2025, ginawaran si Eala ng ''Premios Tanglaw'' ng [[:en:Embassy_of_the_Philippines|Embahada ng Pilipinas]] sa Madrid bilang pagkilala sa kanyang ambag sa [[:en:Philippines–Spain_relations|ugnayan ng Pilipinas at Espanya]].<ref>{{cite news |date=April 2025 |title=Premios Tanglaw honoring Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/premios-tanglaw-eala}}</ref> Noong 2026, kinilala siya ng Forbes Asia bilang isa sa kanilang [[:en:Forbes_30_Under_30|30 Under 30]] sa kategoryang Libangan at Isports, dahil sa kanyang papel sa pag-angat ng Pilipinas sa pandaigdigang tennis.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Watson |first=Rana Wehbe |date=May 27, 2026 |title=30 Under 30 Asia’s Next Icons: The Gen Z Athletes And Music Artists Rewriting The Playbook |work=Forbes Asia |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ranawehbe/2026/05/27/30-under-30-asias-next-icons-the-gen-z-athletes-and-music-artists-rewriting-the-playbook/ |access-date=May 27, 2026}}</ref> ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} ==Mga panlabas na kawing== [https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/- Alexandra Eala Official WTA Page] [https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/s/overview/ Alexandra Eala Official ITF Women's World Tennis Page] [https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=v1 Alexandra Eala's Tennis Abstract page] [[:en:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on English Wikipedia (English)]] [https://tv-philippines.fandom.com/wiki/Alex_Eala Alexandra Eala on Fandom (English)] [[:simple:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on Simple Wikipedia]] a7x3xykixq44ammbmchm0rv5qhyt1i2 2210262 2210215 2026-06-03T20:20:16Z Tabilay 153890 /* Junior na Taon */ 2210262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}} Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' (ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Quezon City]]) ay isang Pilipinang manlalaro ng [[tenis]]. Siya ang pinakamataas na naitalang ranggong Pilipino sa WTA, na umabot sa world No. 29 noong Marso 16, 2026.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |last=Castillejo |first=Dyan |date=March 16, 2026 |title=Alex Eala rises to career-high World No. 29 |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/3/16/eala-rises-to-career-high-world-no-29-in-latest-wta-rankings-1032}}</ref> Nanalo siya ng mga junior Grand Slam: doubles sa 2020 Australian Open at 2021 French Open, at girls' singles sa 2022 US Open.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=September 10, 2022 |title=Eala captures US Open girls' singles crown |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/final-results-alex-eala-lucie-havlickova-us-open-september-10-2022/}}</ref> Sa pro circuit, mayroon siyang limang ITF singles at tatlong ITF doubles title. Noong 2025, umabot siya sa semifinals ng Miami Open, nag-final sa Eastbourne Open, at nagkampeon sa WTA 125 Guadalajara Open.<ref name=":63">{{Cite web |title=WTA: Alexandra Eala |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/alexandra-eala/matches#main-content |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox tennis biography |name = Alexandra Eala |image = Ealas and Patrick Gregorio (cropped Alexandra Eala).jpg |image_upright = .8 |caption = Eala at the [[:en:2025 SEA Games|2025 SEA Games]] |fullname = Alexandra Maniego Eala |country = {{PHI}} |residence = [[Metro Manila]], Philippines<br>[[Mallorca]], Spain |birth_date = {{birth date and age|2005|5|23}} |birth_place = [[Quezon City]], Philippines |height = {{height|m=1.75}} |turnedpro = March 2020 |plays = Left-handed (two-handed backhand) |coach = Joan Bosch<br> Alexandro Viaene<br>Lluc Bauza (Fitness Coach) |careerprizemoney = US 1,997,574 |singlesrecord = {{tennis record|won=212|lost=130}} |singlestitles = 0 |highestsinglesranking = No. 29 (March 16, 2026) |currentsinglesranking = No. 37 (May 25, 2026) |doublesrecord = {{tennis record|won=48|lost=46}} |doublestitles = 0 |highestdoublesranking = No. 88 (May 4, 2026) |currentdoublesranking = No. 116 (May 25, 2026) |updated = May 25, 2026 |AustralianOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's singles|2025]],[[:en:2026 French Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |Wimbledonresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles|2025]]) |USOpenresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 US Open – Women's singles|2025]]) |AustralianOpenDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's doubles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenDoublesresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's doubles|2025]]) |WimbledonDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles|2025]]) | medaltemplates-expand = no | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry |the {{PHI}}}} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the SEA Games|SEA Games]]}} {{MedalGold | 2025 Thailand | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Team }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Team }} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}} {{MedalBronze | 2022 Hangzhou | Singles }} {{MedalBronze|2022 Hangzhou|Mixed doubles}} }} == Maagang buhay == Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' ay ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Lungsod Quezon]], Pilipinas, kina Michael Eala (business executive)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jara-Puyod |first1=Mariecar |title=‘Eala’s grit, humility and passion have captured every Filipino’s heart,' says Philippine Ambassador Alfonso Ver |url=https://www.gulftoday.ae/sport/2026/02/20/ealas-grit-humility-and-passion-have-captured-every-filipinos-heart-says-philippine-ambassador-alfonso-ver |website=Gulf Today |publisher=Gulf Today |access-date=26 March 2026}}</ref> at [[:en:Rizza_Maniego-Eala|Rosemarie Maniego-Eala]], dating CFO ng [[Globe Telecom]] (hanggang 2024) at dating pambansang manlalangoy na nagwagi ng tansong medalya sa [[:en:1985_SEA_Games|1985 SEA Games]]. Ang kanyang mga tiyuhin ay sina [[:en:Noli_Eala|Noli Eala]] (dating chairperson ng [[:en:Philippine_Sports_Commission|Philippine Sports Commission]] at commissioner ng [[Philippine Basketball Association]])<ref name="Philstar">{{cite news |last1=Acebuche |first1=Yoniel |title=Alex Eala: What to know about the tennis phenom making history on the court |url=https://www.philstarlife.com/celebrity/828326-what-to-know-alex-eala |access-date=August 28, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]] |date=March 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cordero |first=Abac |date=August 30, 2022 |title=Noli Eala named new Philippine Sports Commission chairman |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2022/08/30/2206206/noli-eala-named-new-philippine-sports-commission-chairman |access-date=November 5, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]]}}</ref> at si Rhett Eala (fashion designer).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tunac |first1=Hermes Joy |title=Alex Eala reveals uncle Rhett Eala designed the elegant Filipiniana she wore at Laureus Awards 2026 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/shoppingandfashion/985027/alex-eala-reveals-uncle-rhett-eala-designed-the-elegant-filipiniana-she-wore-at-laureus-awar/story/ |work=[[GMA News]] |date=April 23, 2026}}</ref> Ang nakatatanda niyang kapatid na si Michael Francis “Miko” Eala ay naglaro ng tennis para sa [[:en:Penn_State_Nittany_Lions|Penn State]] mula 2020 hanggang 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |author1=Castillejo, Dyan |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Filipino athletes graduate as part of Penn State's class of 2024 |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/2024/5/6/filipino-athletes-graduate-as-part-of-penn-state-s-class-of-2024-1839 |work=[[ABS-CBN News]]}}</ref><ref name="PEP2">{{Cite news |last1=Bravo |date=March 27, 2025 |title=Who is Alex Eala, Pinoy tennis player at 2025 Miami Open? |url=https://www.pep.ph/peptionary/186040/alex-eala-a5128-20250327 |website=Philippine Entertainment Portal}}</ref> Nagsimulang maglaro si Eala ng tennis sa edad na apat, matapos ipakilala ng kanyang lolo sa ina na si Roberto Maniego, na siya rin ang una niyang coach.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hilotin |title=Alex Eala: Rapid rise in tennis rankings, what's next? |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/alex-eala-rapid-rise-in-tennis-rankings-whats-next-1.500248201 |work=[Gulf News |date=August 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 30, 2022 |title=The rise of Alexandra Eala making headlines in the Philippines and beyond |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2921343/alexandra-eala |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Payo |date=August 31, 2025 |title=Alex Eala and the guts to be first |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-guts-first-philippine-tennis/ |work=[[Rappler]]}}</ref> Nag-aral siya sa Immaculate Conception Academy sa [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]] at [[:en:Colegio_San_Agustin_–_Makati|Colegio San Agustin]] sa [[Makati]], bago lumipat sa [[:en:Rafa_Nadal_Academy|Rafa Nadal Academy]] sa [[:en:Manacor|Manacor]], Espanya, kung saan siya nagtapos noong 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mina |title=How Alex Eala became a world-class tennis champion |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/10/22/22/what-it-took-for-alex-eala-to-become-a-tennis-world-champ |work=[[ABS-CBN News]] |date=October 22, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 19, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Biography: Acing Her Path to the Tennis Court |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/blog/alex-eala-journey-to-pro |website=[[Globe Telecom|Globe]]}}</ref> == Personal na buhay == Paborito ni Eala ang [[:en:Kaldereta|kaldereta]] at mas gusto niya ang [[matcha]] kaysa kape.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mina |first=Inna |date=3 Pebrero 2026 |title=Ikaw ba ay tao ng Kare-Kare? Ang ranggo ni Alex Eala sa pagkaing Pilipino ay maaaring ikagulat mo |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/40770/are-you-a-kare-kare-person-alex-eala-filipino-food-rankings-might-surprise-you |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=One Sports |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Castillejo |first1=Dyan |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala at mga kapwa propesyonal ang kanilang personalidad sa labas ng korte sa Players Box Podcast |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/4/1/alex-eala-joins-fellow-players-on-the-players-box-podcast-0007 |website=ABS-CBN Sports |publisher=ABS-CBN Network |access-date=31 Marso 2026}}</ref> Multilingual siya at nagsasalita ng Ingles, Kastila, at [[Wikang Tagalog|Tagalog]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Futterman |first1=Matthew |title=Bumalik si Alex Eala sa Miami Open, kung saan nagsimula ang isang pangarap na nagpasiklab ng fenomeno sa tennis |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7124102/2026/03/19/tennis-alex-eala-philippines-miami-open/ |website=The Athletic |publisher=The New York Times |access-date=25 Marso 2026}}</ref> Itinuturing niya ang [[:en:Wimbledon_Championships|Wimbledon]] bilang paborito niyang Grand Slam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=3 Hulyo 2025 |title='Living my dream': Nagdiwang si Alex Eala sa makasaysayang Wimbledon stint |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-revels-historic-wimbledon-stint-2025/ |access-date=3 Hulyo 2025 |website=Rappler |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 Disyembre 2025 |title=Vogue Rapid-Fire interview kay Alex Eala |url=https://www.instagram.com/reels/DSoxP5lk1bS/ |access-date=24 Disyembre 2025 |website=Instagram |language=tl}}</ref> Binanggit niya si [[Maria Sharapova]] bilang impluwensya sa kanyang istilo ng laro at nakapagsanay na siya kasama si [[Rafael Nadal]] at ang kapatid niyang si Miko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atencio |first=Peter |date=19 Hulyo 2025 |title=Ang impluwensya ni Sharapova ang nagtutulak sa agresibong laro ni Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/sports-plus/314618107/sharapovas-influence-drives-alex-ealas-aggressive-game.html |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Manila Standard |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=20 Nobyembre 2025 |title=Naglaro si Alex Eala kasama si Rafael Nadal |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/649046/alex-eala-trains-with-rafael-nadal-in-his-return-to-court |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Inquirer |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 Agosto 2025 |title=Bago ang malalaking tao, palaging nasa tabi ni Alex Eala ang kanyang kapatid na si Miko |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/get-to-know-alex-eala-older-brother-and-avid-supporter-miko-a6035-20250827 |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> Pagkatapos ng kanyang breakout sa 2025 Miami Open, lumawak ang kanyang kasikatan sa Pilipinas at sa mga [[:en:Overseas_Filipinos_Filipino_diaspora|komunidad ng Pilipino sa ibayong dagat]], na inihalintulad ng ilang komentarista sa impluwensya ni [[Manny Pacquiao]]. Ayon sa mamamahayag at dating manlalaro ng tennis na si [[:en:Dyan_Castillejo|Dyan Castillejo]], tinatrato na siya ng mga tagahanga “na para bang nanalo na siya ng Grand Slam.” Nakatulong din ang paggamit niya ng Tagalog sa pagpapalakas ng ugnayan sa mga tagasuporta, at ang kanyang pag-angat ay nagpasiklab ng bagong interes sa tennis sa bansa. Inihambing din ng mga analista ang epekto niya sa paglawak ng tennis sa mga pigura tulad nina [[:en:Li_Na|Li Na]] at [[:en:Ons_Jabeur|Ons Jabeur]].<ref name=":0" /> Mas naging palakaibigan si Eala sa tour at nakabuo ng mga sumusuportang pagkakaibigan kina [[:en:Iva_Jović|Iva Jović]], [[:en:Zeynep_Sonmez|Zeynep Sonmez]], [[:en:Victoria_Mboko|Victoria Mboko]], [[:en:Eva_Lys|Eva Lys]], [[:en:Leylah_Fernandez|Leylah Fernandez]], at [[:en:Lizette_Cabrera|Lizette Cabrera]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reyes |first=Kate |date=9 Marso 2026 |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala ang mga kaibigan na kanyang nakilala sa kanyang batang karera sa WTA |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/alex-eala-bares-friends-she-has-made-in-her-young-wta-career-a6035-20260309 |access-date=9 Marso 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> ==Karera== ===Junior na Taon=== Nagtagumpay si Eala sa junior circuit, kabilang ang kanyang mga panalo sa singles sa [[:en:2022_US_Open_–_Girls'_singles|US Open]] at mga titulo sa doubles sa [[:en:2020_Australian_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|Australian Open]] at [[:en:2021_French_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|French Open]].<ref name=":63" /> === Propesyonal na Karera === ==== ITF World Women's Tennis Tour ==== Mula sa kanyang mga junior na karera, lumipat si Eala sa [[:en:ITF_Women's_World_Tennis_Tour|ITF circuit]], kung saan unti-unti niyang pinagtibay ang kanyang rekord. Mula 2021 hanggang 2024, nakamit niya ang anim na titulo sa singles, kabilang ang torneo na [[:en:2024_Open_Araba_en_Femenino_–_Singles|W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz]]. Sa doubles, nagwagi siya ng tatlong titulo noong 2024, kasama sina [[:en:Darja_Semeņistaja|Darja Semeņistaja]] at [[:en:Estelle_Cascino|Estelle Cascino]].<ref name=":63" /> ====WTA Tour==== Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa [[:en:WTA_Tour|WTA Tour]] noong 2021 sa kanyang unang pagsabak sa [[:en:2021_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], kung saan nabigo siyang makalusot sa qualifying. Lumahok din siya sa [[:en:2021_Winners_Open_–_Singles|Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca)]], ngunit natigil sa ikalawang yugto.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2022, muling naglaro si Eala sa [[:en:2022_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] ngunit natanggal sa unang yugto. Sinubukan din niyang makapasok sa [[:en:2022_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], subalit nabigo siya sa qualifying.<ref name=":63" /> Pagsapit ng 2023, sumabak siya sa [[:en:2023_Thailand_Open_–_Singles|Thailand Open (Hua Hin)]], [[:en:2023_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2023_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2023_Japan_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Japan Women’s Open (Osaka)]], [[:en:2023_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], at [[:en:2023_Jasmin_Open_–_Singles|Jasmin Open (Monastir, Tunisia)]], ngunit hindi siya nakalusot sa unang yugto ng mga nasabing torneo.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2024_Veneto_Open_–_Singles|Veneto Open (Italy)]] bago mapatigil ni [[:en:Sara_Errani|Sara Errani]]. Gayunman, karamihan sa kanyang kampanya ay nauwi sa maagang pagkatanggal sa mga torneo tulad ng [[:en:2024_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2024_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2024_Wuhan_Open_–_Singles|Wuhan Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], [[:en:2024_Guadalajara_Open_Akron_–_Singles|Guadalajara Akron Open]], [[:en:2024_Ningbo_Open_–_Singles|Ningbo Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Jiangxi_Open_–_Singles|Jiangxi Open (Jiujiang, China)]], [[:en:2024_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Nottingham_Open_–_Women's_singles|Nottingham Open]], [[:en:2024_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra International]], [[:en:2024_Polish_Open_–_Singles|Polish Open (Warsaw)]], at [[:en:2024_Makarska_International_Championships_–_Singles|Makarska Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, nakarating siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] bago mapigilan ni [[:en:Jessica_Pegula|Jessica Pegula]]. Sa damuhan, umabot siya sa final ng [[:en:2025_Eastbourne_Open_–_Women's_singles|Eastbourne Open]] at nagtapos bilang runner-up kay [[:en:Maya_Joint|Maya Joint]]. Nakamit din niya ang kanyang unang titulo sa Challenger/125 level sa [[:en:2025_Guadalajara_125_Open_–_Singles|Guadalajara 125 Open]], at umabot sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra Open]], [[:en:2025_Jingshan_Tennis_Open_–_Women's_singles|Jingshan Open (China)]], at [[:en:2025_Suzhou_WTA_125_–_Singles|Suzhou Open]]. Gayunpaman, hindi siya nagtagumpay sa [[:en:2025_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]], [[:en:2025_National_Bank_Open_–_Women's_singles|Canadian Open]], at [[:en:2025_Hong_Kong_Tennis_Open_–_Singles|Hong Kong Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nakapasok siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2026_ASB_Classic_–_Women's_singles|ASB Classic (Auckland)]] at [[:en:2026_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], at umabot din sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2026_Philippine_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Philippines Women’s Open]] at [[:en:2026_Dubai_Tennis_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Dubai Tennis Championships]]. Nakarating siya sa ika-apat na yugto ng [[:en:2026_BNP_Paribas_Open_–_Women's_singles|Indian Wells Open]] at [[:en:2026_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]]. Sa luwad, umabot siya sa ikatlong yugto ng [[:en:2026_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]] bago natalo kay [[:en:Elena_Rybakina|Elena Rybakina]], ngunit nabigo sa unang yugto ng [[:en:2026_Qatar_TotalEnergies_Open_–_Singles|Qatar Open]], [[:en:2026_Porsche_Tennis_Grand_Prix_–_Singles|Stuttgart Open]], at [[:en:2026_Internationaux_de_Strasbourg_–_Singles|Strasbourg International]].<ref name=":63" /> === Grand Slam === Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa mga torneo ng Grand Slam noong 2023 sa kanyang unang mga pagsubok sa qualifying, kabilang ang laban niya kay [[:en:Misaki_Doi|Misaki Doi]] sa opening round ng [[:en:2023_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa final qualifying round sa lahat ng apat na major—[[:en:2024_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open]], [[:en:2024_French_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|French Open]], [[:en:2024_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Wimbledon]], at [[:en:2024_US_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|US Open]]—ngunit hindi pa rin siya nakapasok sa main draw.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, muling sumabak si Eala sa [[:en:2025_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]] ngunit natanggal. Gayunman, nakapasok siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2025_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|French Open]] at [[:en:2025_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Wimbledon]], kung saan kapwa siya natalo sa unang yugto. Sa [[:en:2025_US_Open_–_Women's_singles|US Open]], umabot siya sa ikalawang round bago magpaubaya kay [[:en:Cristina_Bucșa|Cristina Bucșa]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nag-debut siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2026_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Australian Open]] ngunit natalo sa unang round kay [[:en:Alycia_Parks|Alycia Parks]]. Sa [[:en:2026_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|Roland Garros]], natigil din ang kanyang kampanya sa opening round matapos matalo kay [[:en:Iva_Jovic|Iva Jovic]].<ref name=":63" /> <!-- ===Eala's Matches=== ---> == Mga laro ni Eala == === Juniors === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Singles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || R2 || R3 || A || A |- | French Open || A || SF || A || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || A || W |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Doubles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || A || W || A || A |- | French Open || A || A || W || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || SF || – |} === ITF Women's World Tour === ==== ITF Titles ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Tournament !! Category !! Event !! Partner |- | 2021 || W15 Manacor || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2022 || W25 Chiang Rai || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Yecla || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Roehampton || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W50 Pune || ITF || Doubles || Darja Semeņistaja |- | 2024 || W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |} ===== ITF Singles ===== ''' 2020 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 2 || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anna Zarycka || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Lara Salden || 0–6, 6–2, 2–6 |- | Melilla || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anastasia Charaeva || 3–6, 3–6 |- | Monastir 9 || W15 || Hard || Second Round || Nina Stadler || 6–4, 6–7, 5–7 |} ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W15 Manacor || W15 || Hard || Final (Title) || Yvonne Cavalle-Reimers || 5–7, 6–1, 6–2 |- | W15 Manacor 2 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ylena In-Albon || 0–6, 3–6 |- | W15 Manacor 3 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Oksana Selekhmeteva || 2–6, 3–6 |- | W25 Grenoble || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Maja Chwalińska || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Manacor 4 || W25 || Hard || Second Round || Jana Fett || 6–4, 3–6, 5–7 |- | W15 Manacor 5 || W15 || Hard || First Round || Simona Waltert || 4–6, 6–2, 5–7 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || Second Round || Simona Waltert || 5–7, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Irene Burillo Escorihuela || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Madrid 2 || W25 || Hard || First Round || Andrea Lázaro García || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Milovice || W25 || Hard || First Round || Daria Astakhova || 2–6, 2–6 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Chiang Rai || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Luksika Kumkhum || 6–4, 6–2 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Erika Sema || 3–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Robbe || 6–7(3), 3–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Final || Marina Bassols Ribera || 4–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W60 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessika Ponchet || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 El Espinar || W25 || Hard || Semifinals || Eva Guerrero Alvarez || 2–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W100 Grodzisk Mazowiecki || W100 || Hard || First Round || Katharina Hobgarski || 4–6, 3–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Katarzyna Kawa || 6–2, 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Rancho Santa Fe || W80 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Marcela Zacarías || 2–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Hamburg || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Ysaline Bonaventure || 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Semifinals || Ysaline Bonaventure || 1–6, 6–3, 3–6 |- | W100 Shrewsbury || W100 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Maia Lumsden || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Yecla || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Valentina Ryser || 6–3, 7–5 |- | W25 Roehampton || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Arina Rodionova || 6–2, 6–3 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || Final || Destanee Aiava || 6–3, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || Final || Océane Dodin || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Final (Title) || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || 6–4, 6–4 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 6–4, 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Takasaki || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Mananchaya Sawangkaew || 6–4, 1–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Cary || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Renata Zarazúa || 6–3, 4–6, 3–6 |- | W100 Landisville || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Olivia Gadecki || 1–6, 6–0, 3–6 |- | W75 Porto || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna Bondar || 4–6, 7–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Trnava 1 || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anastasia Gureva || 2–6, 6–3, 6–7 |- | W75 Trnava 2 || W75 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Martincová || 6–3, 4–6, 6–7 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Second Round || Mona Barthel || 6–4, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Zagreb || W75 || Clay || First Round || Tena Lukas || 5–7, 6–3, 4–6 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || First Round || Selena Janicijevic || 3–6, 1–6 |- | W50 Indore || W50 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 4–6, 7–6, 2–6 |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Darja Semenistaja || 6–7, 0–6 |} ===== ITF Doubles ===== ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Madrid || W25 || Hard || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || Quarterfinals || Olivia Tjandramulia / Ashley Lahey || 5–7, 6–4, 6–10 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Oksana Selekhmeteva || Final || Justina Mikulskytė / Oana Simion || 3–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Manacor || W25 || Hard || Elsa Jacquemot || Quarterfinals || Olga Parres Azcoitia / Aurora Zantedeschi || 6–2, 4–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Macon || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Audrey Albie / Aubane Droguet || 4–6, 2–6 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 1 || W25 || Hard || Indy De Vroome || First Round || Patcharin Cheapchandej / Punnin Kovapitukted || 6–4, 5–7, 6–10 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Kyōka Okamura || Quarterfinals || Pimrada Jattavapornvanit / Gozal Ainitdinova || 6–4, 7–6(4), 2–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Olga Helmi / Adithya Karunaratne || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Liang En-shuo || Quarterfinals || Tímea Babos / Valeria Savinykh || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Palma del Río || W25 || Clay || Marina Bassols Ribera || Semifinals || Valeria Savinykh / Fanny Stollár || 2–6, 0–6 |- | W25 Corroios-Seixal || W25 || Hard || Lizette Cabrera || Quarterfinals || Justina Mikulskytė / Hong Yi Cody Wong || 5–7, 4–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Annaëlle Robbe || Second Round || Madison Brengle || 6–3, 6–7, 6–10 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Petra Marcinko || Quarterfinals || Miriam Skoch / Markéta Vondroušová || 5–7, 2–6 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W60 Trnava 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 4–6, 1–6 |- | W60 Chiasso || W60 || Clay || — || First Round || Beatrice Gumulya / Anna Sisková || 3–6, 6–4, 11–13 |- | W25 Zaragoza || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Alana Parnaby / Victoria Rodríguez || 6–4, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 5–7, 6–1, 9–11 |- | W60 Barcelona || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–4, 3–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Roehampton 2 || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Talia Gibson / Petra Hule || 1–6, 5–7 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Erina Hayashi / Saki Imamura || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W100 Tokyo 2 || W100 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 0–6, 7–5, 6–10 |- | W60 Glasgow 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Freya Christie / Olivia Gadecki || — |- | W60 Nantes || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Ekaterina Maklakova / Ekaterina Reyngold || 6–1, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Danielle Collins / Isabelle Haverlag || 2–6, 4–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Darja Semeņistaja || Final (Title) || Naiktha Bains / Fanny Stollár || 7–6(8), 6–3 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Maia Lumsden / Jessika Ponchet || 7–5, 7–6(4) |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Lia Karatancheva / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–3, 2–6, 10–4 |- | W75 Porto 3 || W75 || Hard || Alicia Barnett || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Friedsam / Aliccia Barnett || 3–6, 4–6 |- | W75 Trnava || W75 || Hard || Zeynep Sönmez || Semifinals || Lulu Sun / Moyuka Uchijima || 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Valentini Grammatikopoulou || Quarterfinals || Isabelle Haverlag / Erika Pridankina || 7–5, 4–6, 3–10 |} === WTA and WTA 125 tournaments === ==== 2021 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Court !! Category !! Opponent !! Round !! Score |- | Miami Open || Hard || WTA 1000 || Viktória Hrunčáková || Qualifying 1 || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca) || Clay || WTA 250 || Mayar Sherif || Second Round || 2–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2022 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Category !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Madison Brengle || 2–6, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Qualifying 1 || Anna Bondár || 0–6, 0–6 |} ==== 2023 ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Misaki Doi || 6–4, 1–6, 3–6 |- | Thailand Open (Hua Hin) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Irina-Camelia Begu || 2–6, 5–7 |- | Mutua Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Tatjana Maria || 1–6, 1–6 |- | Japan Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Himari Sakatsume (Q) || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (3) || 3–6, 0–6 |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Elise Mertens (2) || 5–7, 0–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Cristina Bucșa / Bibiane Schoofs || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2024 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Rebecca Peterson (18) || 2–6, 5–7 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Qualifying 3 || Julia Riera (2) || 6–4, 6–7, 4–6 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Qualifying 3 || Lulu Sun (23) || 6–7, 5–7 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 3 || Elena-Gabriela Ruse (20) || 6–3, 1–6, 4–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Emiliana Arango || 6–2, 5–7, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Sorana Cîrstea (27) || 3–6, 7–6, 4–6 |- | Wuhan Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Kateřina Siniaková || 3–6, 1–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Magda Linette || 6–7, 1–6 |- | Guadalajara Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Priscilla Hon || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Jiangxi Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (1) || 5–7, 6–7 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Bernarda Pera || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Qualifying 2 || Ena Shibahara || 7–6, 0–6, 2–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Céline Naef (5) || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Tatjana Maria (4) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Polish Open (Warsaw) || WTA 125 || Hard || First Round || Isabella Shinikova || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Veneto Open (Gaiba) || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Sara Errani (4) || 0–6, 6–7 |- | Makarska Open || WTA 125 || Clay || First Round || Maria Timofeeva (Q) || 6–1, 3–6, 2–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Laura Pigossi || Semifinals || Kaylah McP / Astra Sharma || 6–7(1), 3–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Taylah Preston || First Round || Valeria Lepchenko / Anna Falei || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Polish Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Daniela Semenistaja || Quarterfinals || Weronika Falkowska / Martyna Kubka || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Kimberly Birrell || Quarterfinals || Katarzyna Piter / Fanny Stollar || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || En Shuo Liang || Quarterfinals || Giuliana Olmos / Alexandra Panova || 1–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2025 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Jana Fett (133) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Singapore Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Simona Waltert (179) || 3–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessica Pegula (4) || 6–7, 7–5, 3–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Second Round || Iga Świątek (2) || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Marta Kostyuk (27) || 0–6, 1–6 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || First Round || Emiliana Arango (85) || 0–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- |Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová || 5-7, 7-6(5), 1-6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || First Round || Magda Linette (31) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Eastbourne Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Finals (RunnerUp) || Maya Joint || 4–6, 6–1, 6–7 (10–12) |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || First Round || Barbora Krejčíková (16) || 6–3, 2–6, 1–6 |- | National Bank Open (Montreal) || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Markéta Vondroušová (63) || 6–3, 1–6, 2–6 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Second Round || Cristina Bucșa (95) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | São Paulo Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Janice Tjen (130) || 4–6, 1–6 |- | China Open (Wuhan) || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Moyuka Uchijima (91) || 4–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | Japan Women's Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Valentová (78) || 1–6, 2–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Claire Liu (305) || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | Hong Kong Tennis Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Second Round || Victoria Mboko (21) || 6–3, 3–6, 4–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Shuai Wei (134) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Mai Hontama (166) || 6–7, 2–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Second Round || Panna Udvardy (137) || 6–7, 4–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová (152) || 5–7, 7–6, 1–6 |- | Ilkley Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Rebecca Marino (107) || 6–1, 0–6, 6–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Champion || Panna Udvardy (134) || 1–6, 7–5, 6–3 |- | Jingshan Tennis Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Lulu Sun (146) || 6–3, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Suzhou Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Viktorija Golubic (70) || 6–2, 2–6, 6–7 |} '''Withdrawals''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Reason |- | Cincinnati Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Shoulder injury |- | Monterrey Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Shoulder injury |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Nadiia Kichenok || Semifinals || Katarzyna Piter / Janice Tjen || 7–6(4), 3–6, 5–10 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Coco Gauff || Quarterfinals || Jasmine Paolini / Sara Errani || 5–7, 6–3, 7–10 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Renata Zarazúa || Second Round || Olga Danilović / Anastasia Potapova || 1–6, 3–6 |- | Hong Kong Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Chan Hao‑ching || First Round || Kamilla Rakhimova / Aliaksandra Sasnovich || 6–3, 1–6, 7–10 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Eva Lys || First Round || Ingrid Gamarra Martins / Quinn Gleason || 4–6, 2–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Rebeka Masarova || First Round || Storm Hunter / Ellen Perez || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Tsao Chia‑yi || First Round || Amina Anshba / Elena Pridankina || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Katie Volynets || First Round || Carmen Corley / Olivia Gadecki || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2026 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Semifinals || Wang Xinyu || 7–5, 5–7, 6–4 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || First Round || Alycia Parks || 6–0, 3–6, 2–6 |- | Philippines Womens Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals|| Camila Osorio || 4-6, 4-6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ekaterina Alexandrova|| 3-6, 3-6 |- | Qatar Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round|| Tereza Valentová|| 6-7 (6), 1-6 |- |Dubai Tennis Championships |WTA 1000 |Hard |Quarterfinals |Coco Gauff |0-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Linda Noskova |2-6, 0-6 |- |Miami Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Karolína Muchová |0-6,2-6 |- |Linz Open |WTA 500 |Clay |Second Round |Jelena Ostapenko |4-6, 5-7 |- |Stuttgart Open |WTA 500 |Clay | First Round | Leylah Fernandez | 1-6, 4-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Second Round |Elise Mertens |2-6, 1-6 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Third Round |Elena Rybakina |4-6, 3-6 |- |Strasbourg International |WTA 500 |Clay |First Round |Oleksandra Oliynykova |6-3, 5-7, 3-6 |- |French Open |Grand Slam |Clay |First Round |Iva Jovic |4-6, 2-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Second Round |Alina Charaeva | |- |HSBC Championships |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Berlin Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Bad Homburg Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Wimbledon |Grand Slam |Grass | | | |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Iva Jovic || Semifinals || Xu Yifan / Yang Zhaoxuan || 5–7, 3–6 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Ingrid Martins || First Round || Shuko Aoyama / Magda Linette || 6–7(3), 6–2, 3–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Janice Tjen|| Semifinals|| Tereza Mihalíková / Olivia Nicholls|| 4-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Iva Jovic |First Round |Hailey Baptiste / Jelena Ostapenko |2-6, 2-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Zeynep Sönmez |Second Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |1-6, 5-7 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Hailey Baptiste |First Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |2-6, 1-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Nikola Bartůňková |First Round |Harriet Dart / Maia Lumsden |4-6, 6-2, 9-11 |- |} == Taunang ranggo ng WTA == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ ! Taon !! Isahan !! Dalawahan |- | 2021 || 529 || 780 |- | 2022 || 219 || 594 |- | 2023 || 205 || 436 |- | 2024 || 158 || 239 |- | 2025 || 50 || 161 |} Pinagmulan: Opisyal na Profile ni Alex Eala sa WTA<ref name=":63" /> == Estilo ng Paglalaro == Si Eala ay isang agresibong baseliner na gumagamit ng forehand at matatag na backhand upang kontrolin ang rally. Bilang kaliwete, nakalilikha siya ng mabigat na topspin at kilala sa mahusay na return game. Ang kanyang pangunahing kahinaan ay ang serve, na kulang sa bilis at variety, kahit mas epektibo siya sa hard courts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caramoan |first=Miguel Alfonso |date=January 19, 2026 |title=What’s next for Alex Eala after 2026 Australian Open first-round exit? |url=https://www.espn.ph/tennis/story/_/id/47658308/what-next-alex-eala-2026-australian-open-first-round-exit |website=ESPN |language=en|access-date=January 24, 2026}}</ref> Nakamit na niya ang semifinals ng WTA 1000 at tinalo ang tatlong major champions sa [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|2025 Miami Open]].<ref name=":Gulf">{{Cite web |title=What Alexandra Eala Needs to Win Titles and Beat Top Players |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/what-alexandra-eala-needs-to-win-titles-and-beat-top-players-1.500440043 |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Gulf News}}</ref> Ayon sa mga analyst, kailangan niyang palakasin ang serve, dagdagan ang variety, at patatagin ang kondisyon upang makipagsabayan sa pinakamalalaking titulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2026 |title=Alex Eala told where she can improve: Martina Navratilova offers advice |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/alex-eala-told-where-she-can-improve-martina-navratilova-offers-advice |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> === Laban sa Top 20 manlalaro ng WTA === Si Eala ay 6‑‑9 laban sa Top‑20. Kapag nananalo, kontrolado niya ang laban at epektibo ang unang serve; kapag natalo, mahina ang unang serve at nakakakuha ng puntos ang kalaban. Sa panalo, mataas ang kanyang dominance ratio (average 1.24): mga 66% ng unang serve ang pumapasok at nananalo siya ng mga 60% ng puntos mula rito. Sa talo, mababa ang dominance ratio (average 0.65): mga 61% ang unang serve in pero nananalo lang siya ng mga 45% ng unang‑serve points. Limang sa anim niyang panalo ay malinaw ang pagkakalamang; ang laban kay Tauson sa US Open 2025 ang nagpakita ng pinakamalapit na resulta. Konklusyon: kapag mahusay ang unang serve at napipilit niya ang kalaban sa baseline, tumaas ang tsansa niyang talunin ang Top‑20 — kung hindi, bumababa agad ang kontrol at lumalayo ang pagkatalo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennis Abstract: Alexandra Eala vs. Top 20 Players |url=https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=ACareerqqITop_20qqv1 |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=Tennis Abstract}}</ref> <!-- ==== Mga Panalo ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Torneo (Taon) !! Kalaban (Ranggo) !! Resulta !! DR !! 1stIn !! 1st% !! 2nd% |- | Indian Wells – Hard (2026) || Coco Gauff || 6-2, 2-0 RET || 1.46 || 68.0% || 58.8% || 50.0% |- | Dubai – Hard (2026) || Jasmine Paolini || 6-1, 7-6(5) || 1.32 || 63.1% || 73.2% || 50.0% |- | US Open – Hard (2025) || Clara Tauson || 6-3, 2-6, 7-6(11) || 0.97 || 68.1% || 59.4% || 43.3% |- | Eastbourne – Grass (2025) || Jelena Ostapenko || 0-6, 6-2, 3-2 RET || 1.08 || 63.5% || 57.6% || 63.2% |- | Miami – Hard (2025) || Iga Swiatek || 6-2, 7-5 || 1.27 || 66.7% || 52.3% || 50.0% |- | Miami – Hard (2025) || Madison Keys || 6-4, 6-2 || 1.32 || 66.1% || 58.5% || 52.4% |} ==== Mga Talo ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Torneo (Taon) !! Kalaban (Ranggo) !! Resulta !! DR !! 1stIn !! 1st% !! 2nd% |- | French Open – Clay (2026) || Iva Jovic || 4-6, 2-6 || 0.73 || 50% || 47% || 30% |- | Rome – Clay (2026) || Elena Rybakina || 4-6, 3-6 || 0.80 || 67.1% || 56.9% || 44.0% |- | Miami – Hard (2026) || Karolina Muchova || 0-6, 2-6 || 0.39 || 52.4% || 36.4% || 50.0% |- | Indian Wells – Hard (2026) || Linda Noskova || 2-6, 0-6 || 0.36 || 56.8% || 36.0% || 47.4% |- | Dubai – Hard (2026) || Coco Gauff || 0-6, 2-6 || 0.61 || 57.5% || 30.4% || 41.2% |- | Abu Dhabi – Hard (2026) || Ekaterina Alexandrova || 3-6, 3-6 || 0.79 || 69.8% || 45.5% || 52.6% |- | Wimbledon – Grass (2025) || Barbora Krejcikova || 6-3, 2-6, 1-6 || 0.82 || 54.3% || 50.0% || 50.0% |- | Madrid – Clay (2025) || Iga Swiatek || 6-4, 4-6, 2-6 || 0.77 || 69.0% || 50.7% || 41.9% |- | Miami – Hard (2025) || Jessica Pegula || 6-7(3), 7-5, 3-6 || 0.87 || 72.5% || 62.2% || 42.9% |} --> == Ibang larangan == === Pambansang koponan === Kinatawan ni Eala ang [[Pilipinas]] sa mga internasyonal na torneo. Nagwagi siya ng mga medalya sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2021_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2021]] (pilak sa singles, team, at mixed doubles) at sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2022_Asian_Games|Asian Games 2022]] (pilak sa singles at mixed doubles).<ref name=":7">{{cite news |last1=Carandang |first1=Justin Kenneth |date=May 20, 2022 |title=Tennis ace Alex Eala settles for bronze in women's singles |work=[[GMA News]] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/sports/othersports/832339/tennis-ace-alex-eala-settles-for-bronze-in-women-s-singles/story/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 25, 2025}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite news |last=Payo |first=Jasmine |date=September 29, 2023 |title=Alex Eala bags 2nd Asian Games bronze with Alcantara in doubles |language=en-US |work=[[Rappler]] |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/tennis-semifinal-results-mixed-doubles-alex-eala-francis-casey-alcantara-asian-games-september-29-2023/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 10, 2025}}</ref> Noong 2024, pinangunahan niya ang koponan sa 5–0 panalo sa Group II ng Billie Jean King Cup qualifiers, na nag-angat sa Pilipinas sa Group I.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Luisa |date=December 2, 2024 |title=Alex Eala relishes leading Team Philippines to BJK Cup promotion in Bahrain |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/26898/alex-eala-relishes-leading-team-philippines-to-bjk-cup-promotion-in-bahrain |url-status=live |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=One Sports |language=en}}</ref> Sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2025_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2025]], nakamit niya ang ginto sa women's singles at tanso sa mixed doubles at team events.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=December 18, 2025 |title=Alex Eala wins SEA Games tennis gold, ends long drought for PH|url=https://sports.inquirer.net/655069/alex-eala-wins-sea-games-tennis-gold-ends-long-drought-for-ph |access-date=December 18, 2025 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref> ===Mga Eksibisyon na Laro=== ====Singles: 1 (titles)==== {|class="wikitable" !Resulta !{{ns}}Petsa{{ns}} !Torneo !Uri ng Korte !Kalaban !Iskor |- |Panalo | Enero 2026 |[[:en:Kooyong_Classic|Kooyong Classic]], Melbourne, Australia |Matigas na Korte |[[:en:Donna Vekić|Donna Vekić]] |6–3, 6–4 |} === Mga sponsorship === Simula pagkabata, sinuportahan si Eala ng [[:en:Globe_Telecom|Globe Telecom]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 25, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Opens Up About Life |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/about-us/newsroom/corporate/alex-eala-meet-and-greet}}</ref> at kalaunan ay nagkaroon ng mga endorsement mula sa [[:en:Babolat|Babolat]], [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]], at [[:en:Bank_of_the_Philippine_Islands|BPI]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Champ’s choice: Alex Eala signs up as BPI’s newest endorser|url=https://bilyonaryo.com/2023/01/25/champs-choice-alex-eala-signs-up-as-bpis-newest-endorser/money/}}</ref> bago naging brand ambassador ng [[:en:Milo_(drink)|Milo]] noong 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2026 |title=MILO Active Pilipinas launched with Eala as new ambassador |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/milo-active-pilipinas-launched-with-eala-as-new-ambassador.html}}</ref> === Mga parangal === Walong beses nang kinilala si Eala ng [[:en:Philippine_Sportswriters_Association|Philippine Sportswriters Association]] sa [[:en:PSA_Annual_Awards|PSA Annual Awards]], kabilang ang paggawad sa kanya bilang ''Athlete of the Year'' noong 2026.<ref>Citations for Eala's PSA Annual Awards: *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 25, 2019 |title=Top PH athletes share limelight in PSA Awards 2019 |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/224351-philippine-athletes-sportswriters-association-awards-2019/ |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Gionco |first=Mark |date=February 29, 2020 |title=PH tennis rising star Alex Eala to be feted at PSA Awards |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/387640/ph-tennis-rising-star-alex-eala-to-be-feted-at-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=March 12, 2021 |title=PSA to honor tennis star Eala, boxing champs Casimero, Taduran |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/3/12/psa-to-honor-tennis-star-eala-boxing-champs-casimero-taduran |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 27, 2022 |title=Scribes fete world-class PH boxers |language=en |website=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/27/scribes-fete-world-class-ph-boxers/ |url-status=live |access-date=October 12, 2025 |archive-url= |archive-date=}} *{{Cite news |date=February 12, 2023 |title=PSA Awards: Young Alex Eala to be recognized with President's Award |language=en-US |website=Tiebreaker Times |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/psa-awards-young-alex-eala-to-be-recognized-with-presidents-award/261823 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 10, 2023 |title=Eala recipient of PSA Prexy Awards |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2023/02/10/2243942/eala-recipient-psa-prexy-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=January 24, 2024 |title=Alex Eala, Tots Carlos to be recognized in PSA Awards |website=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/01/15/24/alex-eala-tots-carlos-to-be-recognized-in-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Malanum |first=Jean |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala tops PSA achievers for September |language=en |website=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1260619 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala leads PSA's September honorees |language=en |website=SunStar Publishing Inc. |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/sports/eala-leads-psas-september-honorees |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 17, 2026 |title=Alex Eala hails PSA Athlete of the Year award a proof of PH tennis' rise |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/people/athletes/alex-eala-hails-athlete-of-year-award-proof-tennis-rise-philippines/ |access-date=February 17, 2026}}</ref> Noong 2021, isinama siya ng [[:en:Tatler_Asia|''Tatler Asia'']] sa talaan ng mga pinaka-maimpluwensiyang personalidad sa Asya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asia's Most Influential Philippines 2021 |url=https://www.tatlerasia.com/list/ami/ph?page=3&industry=all&region=ph&year=2021}}</ref> Noong Abril 2025, ginawaran si Eala ng ''Premios Tanglaw'' ng [[:en:Embassy_of_the_Philippines|Embahada ng Pilipinas]] sa Madrid bilang pagkilala sa kanyang ambag sa [[:en:Philippines–Spain_relations|ugnayan ng Pilipinas at Espanya]].<ref>{{cite news |date=April 2025 |title=Premios Tanglaw honoring Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/premios-tanglaw-eala}}</ref> Noong 2026, kinilala siya ng Forbes Asia bilang isa sa kanilang [[:en:Forbes_30_Under_30|30 Under 30]] sa kategoryang Libangan at Isports, dahil sa kanyang papel sa pag-angat ng Pilipinas sa pandaigdigang tennis.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Watson |first=Rana Wehbe |date=May 27, 2026 |title=30 Under 30 Asia’s Next Icons: The Gen Z Athletes And Music Artists Rewriting The Playbook |work=Forbes Asia |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ranawehbe/2026/05/27/30-under-30-asias-next-icons-the-gen-z-athletes-and-music-artists-rewriting-the-playbook/ |access-date=May 27, 2026}}</ref> ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} ==Mga panlabas na kawing== [https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/- Alexandra Eala Official WTA Page] [https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/s/overview/ Alexandra Eala Official ITF Women's World Tennis Page] [https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=v1 Alexandra Eala's Tennis Abstract page] [[:en:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on English Wikipedia (English)]] [https://tv-philippines.fandom.com/wiki/Alex_Eala Alexandra Eala on Fandom (English)] [[:simple:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on Simple Wikipedia]] thxms1n3072hc5t2gl1otaqj463yk8p 2210263 2210262 2026-06-03T20:20:32Z Tabilay 153890 /* Propesyonal */ 2210263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}} Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' (ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Quezon City]]) ay isang Pilipinang manlalaro ng [[tenis]]. Siya ang pinakamataas na naitalang ranggong Pilipino sa WTA, na umabot sa world No. 29 noong Marso 16, 2026.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |last=Castillejo |first=Dyan |date=March 16, 2026 |title=Alex Eala rises to career-high World No. 29 |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/3/16/eala-rises-to-career-high-world-no-29-in-latest-wta-rankings-1032}}</ref> Nanalo siya ng mga junior Grand Slam: doubles sa 2020 Australian Open at 2021 French Open, at girls' singles sa 2022 US Open.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=September 10, 2022 |title=Eala captures US Open girls' singles crown |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/final-results-alex-eala-lucie-havlickova-us-open-september-10-2022/}}</ref> Sa pro circuit, mayroon siyang limang ITF singles at tatlong ITF doubles title. Noong 2025, umabot siya sa semifinals ng Miami Open, nag-final sa Eastbourne Open, at nagkampeon sa WTA 125 Guadalajara Open.<ref name=":63">{{Cite web |title=WTA: Alexandra Eala |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/alexandra-eala/matches#main-content |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox tennis biography |name = Alexandra Eala |image = Ealas and Patrick Gregorio (cropped Alexandra Eala).jpg |image_upright = .8 |caption = Eala at the [[:en:2025 SEA Games|2025 SEA Games]] |fullname = Alexandra Maniego Eala |country = {{PHI}} |residence = [[Metro Manila]], Philippines<br>[[Mallorca]], Spain |birth_date = {{birth date and age|2005|5|23}} |birth_place = [[Quezon City]], Philippines |height = {{height|m=1.75}} |turnedpro = March 2020 |plays = Left-handed (two-handed backhand) |coach = Joan Bosch<br> Alexandro Viaene<br>Lluc Bauza (Fitness Coach) |careerprizemoney = US 1,997,574 |singlesrecord = {{tennis record|won=212|lost=130}} |singlestitles = 0 |highestsinglesranking = No. 29 (March 16, 2026) |currentsinglesranking = No. 37 (May 25, 2026) |doublesrecord = {{tennis record|won=48|lost=46}} |doublestitles = 0 |highestdoublesranking = No. 88 (May 4, 2026) |currentdoublesranking = No. 116 (May 25, 2026) |updated = May 25, 2026 |AustralianOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's singles|2025]],[[:en:2026 French Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |Wimbledonresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles|2025]]) |USOpenresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 US Open – Women's singles|2025]]) |AustralianOpenDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's doubles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenDoublesresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's doubles|2025]]) |WimbledonDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles|2025]]) | medaltemplates-expand = no | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry |the {{PHI}}}} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the SEA Games|SEA Games]]}} {{MedalGold | 2025 Thailand | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Team }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Team }} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}} {{MedalBronze | 2022 Hangzhou | Singles }} {{MedalBronze|2022 Hangzhou|Mixed doubles}} }} == Maagang buhay == Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' ay ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Lungsod Quezon]], Pilipinas, kina Michael Eala (business executive)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jara-Puyod |first1=Mariecar |title=‘Eala’s grit, humility and passion have captured every Filipino’s heart,' says Philippine Ambassador Alfonso Ver |url=https://www.gulftoday.ae/sport/2026/02/20/ealas-grit-humility-and-passion-have-captured-every-filipinos-heart-says-philippine-ambassador-alfonso-ver |website=Gulf Today |publisher=Gulf Today |access-date=26 March 2026}}</ref> at [[:en:Rizza_Maniego-Eala|Rosemarie Maniego-Eala]], dating CFO ng [[Globe Telecom]] (hanggang 2024) at dating pambansang manlalangoy na nagwagi ng tansong medalya sa [[:en:1985_SEA_Games|1985 SEA Games]]. Ang kanyang mga tiyuhin ay sina [[:en:Noli_Eala|Noli Eala]] (dating chairperson ng [[:en:Philippine_Sports_Commission|Philippine Sports Commission]] at commissioner ng [[Philippine Basketball Association]])<ref name="Philstar">{{cite news |last1=Acebuche |first1=Yoniel |title=Alex Eala: What to know about the tennis phenom making history on the court |url=https://www.philstarlife.com/celebrity/828326-what-to-know-alex-eala |access-date=August 28, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]] |date=March 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cordero |first=Abac |date=August 30, 2022 |title=Noli Eala named new Philippine Sports Commission chairman |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2022/08/30/2206206/noli-eala-named-new-philippine-sports-commission-chairman |access-date=November 5, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]]}}</ref> at si Rhett Eala (fashion designer).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tunac |first1=Hermes Joy |title=Alex Eala reveals uncle Rhett Eala designed the elegant Filipiniana she wore at Laureus Awards 2026 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/shoppingandfashion/985027/alex-eala-reveals-uncle-rhett-eala-designed-the-elegant-filipiniana-she-wore-at-laureus-awar/story/ |work=[[GMA News]] |date=April 23, 2026}}</ref> Ang nakatatanda niyang kapatid na si Michael Francis “Miko” Eala ay naglaro ng tennis para sa [[:en:Penn_State_Nittany_Lions|Penn State]] mula 2020 hanggang 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |author1=Castillejo, Dyan |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Filipino athletes graduate as part of Penn State's class of 2024 |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/2024/5/6/filipino-athletes-graduate-as-part-of-penn-state-s-class-of-2024-1839 |work=[[ABS-CBN News]]}}</ref><ref name="PEP2">{{Cite news |last1=Bravo |date=March 27, 2025 |title=Who is Alex Eala, Pinoy tennis player at 2025 Miami Open? |url=https://www.pep.ph/peptionary/186040/alex-eala-a5128-20250327 |website=Philippine Entertainment Portal}}</ref> Nagsimulang maglaro si Eala ng tennis sa edad na apat, matapos ipakilala ng kanyang lolo sa ina na si Roberto Maniego, na siya rin ang una niyang coach.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hilotin |title=Alex Eala: Rapid rise in tennis rankings, what's next? |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/alex-eala-rapid-rise-in-tennis-rankings-whats-next-1.500248201 |work=[Gulf News |date=August 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 30, 2022 |title=The rise of Alexandra Eala making headlines in the Philippines and beyond |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2921343/alexandra-eala |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Payo |date=August 31, 2025 |title=Alex Eala and the guts to be first |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-guts-first-philippine-tennis/ |work=[[Rappler]]}}</ref> Nag-aral siya sa Immaculate Conception Academy sa [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]] at [[:en:Colegio_San_Agustin_–_Makati|Colegio San Agustin]] sa [[Makati]], bago lumipat sa [[:en:Rafa_Nadal_Academy|Rafa Nadal Academy]] sa [[:en:Manacor|Manacor]], Espanya, kung saan siya nagtapos noong 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mina |title=How Alex Eala became a world-class tennis champion |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/10/22/22/what-it-took-for-alex-eala-to-become-a-tennis-world-champ |work=[[ABS-CBN News]] |date=October 22, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 19, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Biography: Acing Her Path to the Tennis Court |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/blog/alex-eala-journey-to-pro |website=[[Globe Telecom|Globe]]}}</ref> == Personal na buhay == Paborito ni Eala ang [[:en:Kaldereta|kaldereta]] at mas gusto niya ang [[matcha]] kaysa kape.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mina |first=Inna |date=3 Pebrero 2026 |title=Ikaw ba ay tao ng Kare-Kare? Ang ranggo ni Alex Eala sa pagkaing Pilipino ay maaaring ikagulat mo |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/40770/are-you-a-kare-kare-person-alex-eala-filipino-food-rankings-might-surprise-you |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=One Sports |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Castillejo |first1=Dyan |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala at mga kapwa propesyonal ang kanilang personalidad sa labas ng korte sa Players Box Podcast |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/4/1/alex-eala-joins-fellow-players-on-the-players-box-podcast-0007 |website=ABS-CBN Sports |publisher=ABS-CBN Network |access-date=31 Marso 2026}}</ref> Multilingual siya at nagsasalita ng Ingles, Kastila, at [[Wikang Tagalog|Tagalog]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Futterman |first1=Matthew |title=Bumalik si Alex Eala sa Miami Open, kung saan nagsimula ang isang pangarap na nagpasiklab ng fenomeno sa tennis |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7124102/2026/03/19/tennis-alex-eala-philippines-miami-open/ |website=The Athletic |publisher=The New York Times |access-date=25 Marso 2026}}</ref> Itinuturing niya ang [[:en:Wimbledon_Championships|Wimbledon]] bilang paborito niyang Grand Slam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=3 Hulyo 2025 |title='Living my dream': Nagdiwang si Alex Eala sa makasaysayang Wimbledon stint |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-revels-historic-wimbledon-stint-2025/ |access-date=3 Hulyo 2025 |website=Rappler |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 Disyembre 2025 |title=Vogue Rapid-Fire interview kay Alex Eala |url=https://www.instagram.com/reels/DSoxP5lk1bS/ |access-date=24 Disyembre 2025 |website=Instagram |language=tl}}</ref> Binanggit niya si [[Maria Sharapova]] bilang impluwensya sa kanyang istilo ng laro at nakapagsanay na siya kasama si [[Rafael Nadal]] at ang kapatid niyang si Miko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atencio |first=Peter |date=19 Hulyo 2025 |title=Ang impluwensya ni Sharapova ang nagtutulak sa agresibong laro ni Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/sports-plus/314618107/sharapovas-influence-drives-alex-ealas-aggressive-game.html |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Manila Standard |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=20 Nobyembre 2025 |title=Naglaro si Alex Eala kasama si Rafael Nadal |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/649046/alex-eala-trains-with-rafael-nadal-in-his-return-to-court |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Inquirer |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 Agosto 2025 |title=Bago ang malalaking tao, palaging nasa tabi ni Alex Eala ang kanyang kapatid na si Miko |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/get-to-know-alex-eala-older-brother-and-avid-supporter-miko-a6035-20250827 |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> Pagkatapos ng kanyang breakout sa 2025 Miami Open, lumawak ang kanyang kasikatan sa Pilipinas at sa mga [[:en:Overseas_Filipinos_Filipino_diaspora|komunidad ng Pilipino sa ibayong dagat]], na inihalintulad ng ilang komentarista sa impluwensya ni [[Manny Pacquiao]]. Ayon sa mamamahayag at dating manlalaro ng tennis na si [[:en:Dyan_Castillejo|Dyan Castillejo]], tinatrato na siya ng mga tagahanga “na para bang nanalo na siya ng Grand Slam.” Nakatulong din ang paggamit niya ng Tagalog sa pagpapalakas ng ugnayan sa mga tagasuporta, at ang kanyang pag-angat ay nagpasiklab ng bagong interes sa tennis sa bansa. Inihambing din ng mga analista ang epekto niya sa paglawak ng tennis sa mga pigura tulad nina [[:en:Li_Na|Li Na]] at [[:en:Ons_Jabeur|Ons Jabeur]].<ref name=":0" /> Mas naging palakaibigan si Eala sa tour at nakabuo ng mga sumusuportang pagkakaibigan kina [[:en:Iva_Jović|Iva Jović]], [[:en:Zeynep_Sonmez|Zeynep Sonmez]], [[:en:Victoria_Mboko|Victoria Mboko]], [[:en:Eva_Lys|Eva Lys]], [[:en:Leylah_Fernandez|Leylah Fernandez]], at [[:en:Lizette_Cabrera|Lizette Cabrera]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reyes |first=Kate |date=9 Marso 2026 |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala ang mga kaibigan na kanyang nakilala sa kanyang batang karera sa WTA |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/alex-eala-bares-friends-she-has-made-in-her-young-wta-career-a6035-20260309 |access-date=9 Marso 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> ==Karera== ===Junior na Taon=== Nagtagumpay si Eala sa junior circuit, kabilang ang kanyang mga panalo sa singles sa [[:en:2022_US_Open_–_Girls'_singles|US Open]] at mga titulo sa doubles sa [[:en:2020_Australian_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|Australian Open]] at [[:en:2021_French_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|French Open]].<ref name=":63" /> === Propesyonal === ==== ITF World Women's Tennis Tour ==== Mula sa kanyang mga junior na karera, lumipat si Eala sa [[:en:ITF_Women's_World_Tennis_Tour|ITF circuit]], kung saan unti-unti niyang pinagtibay ang kanyang rekord. Mula 2021 hanggang 2024, nakamit niya ang anim na titulo sa singles, kabilang ang torneo na [[:en:2024_Open_Araba_en_Femenino_–_Singles|W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz]]. Sa doubles, nagwagi siya ng tatlong titulo noong 2024, kasama sina [[:en:Darja_Semeņistaja|Darja Semeņistaja]] at [[:en:Estelle_Cascino|Estelle Cascino]].<ref name=":63" /> ====WTA Tour==== Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa [[:en:WTA_Tour|WTA Tour]] noong 2021 sa kanyang unang pagsabak sa [[:en:2021_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], kung saan nabigo siyang makalusot sa qualifying. Lumahok din siya sa [[:en:2021_Winners_Open_–_Singles|Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca)]], ngunit natigil sa ikalawang yugto.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2022, muling naglaro si Eala sa [[:en:2022_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] ngunit natanggal sa unang yugto. Sinubukan din niyang makapasok sa [[:en:2022_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], subalit nabigo siya sa qualifying.<ref name=":63" /> Pagsapit ng 2023, sumabak siya sa [[:en:2023_Thailand_Open_–_Singles|Thailand Open (Hua Hin)]], [[:en:2023_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2023_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2023_Japan_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Japan Women’s Open (Osaka)]], [[:en:2023_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], at [[:en:2023_Jasmin_Open_–_Singles|Jasmin Open (Monastir, Tunisia)]], ngunit hindi siya nakalusot sa unang yugto ng mga nasabing torneo.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2024_Veneto_Open_–_Singles|Veneto Open (Italy)]] bago mapatigil ni [[:en:Sara_Errani|Sara Errani]]. Gayunman, karamihan sa kanyang kampanya ay nauwi sa maagang pagkatanggal sa mga torneo tulad ng [[:en:2024_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2024_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2024_Wuhan_Open_–_Singles|Wuhan Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], [[:en:2024_Guadalajara_Open_Akron_–_Singles|Guadalajara Akron Open]], [[:en:2024_Ningbo_Open_–_Singles|Ningbo Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Jiangxi_Open_–_Singles|Jiangxi Open (Jiujiang, China)]], [[:en:2024_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Nottingham_Open_–_Women's_singles|Nottingham Open]], [[:en:2024_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra International]], [[:en:2024_Polish_Open_–_Singles|Polish Open (Warsaw)]], at [[:en:2024_Makarska_International_Championships_–_Singles|Makarska Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, nakarating siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] bago mapigilan ni [[:en:Jessica_Pegula|Jessica Pegula]]. Sa damuhan, umabot siya sa final ng [[:en:2025_Eastbourne_Open_–_Women's_singles|Eastbourne Open]] at nagtapos bilang runner-up kay [[:en:Maya_Joint|Maya Joint]]. Nakamit din niya ang kanyang unang titulo sa Challenger/125 level sa [[:en:2025_Guadalajara_125_Open_–_Singles|Guadalajara 125 Open]], at umabot sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra Open]], [[:en:2025_Jingshan_Tennis_Open_–_Women's_singles|Jingshan Open (China)]], at [[:en:2025_Suzhou_WTA_125_–_Singles|Suzhou Open]]. Gayunpaman, hindi siya nagtagumpay sa [[:en:2025_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]], [[:en:2025_National_Bank_Open_–_Women's_singles|Canadian Open]], at [[:en:2025_Hong_Kong_Tennis_Open_–_Singles|Hong Kong Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nakapasok siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2026_ASB_Classic_–_Women's_singles|ASB Classic (Auckland)]] at [[:en:2026_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], at umabot din sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2026_Philippine_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Philippines Women’s Open]] at [[:en:2026_Dubai_Tennis_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Dubai Tennis Championships]]. Nakarating siya sa ika-apat na yugto ng [[:en:2026_BNP_Paribas_Open_–_Women's_singles|Indian Wells Open]] at [[:en:2026_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]]. Sa luwad, umabot siya sa ikatlong yugto ng [[:en:2026_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]] bago natalo kay [[:en:Elena_Rybakina|Elena Rybakina]], ngunit nabigo sa unang yugto ng [[:en:2026_Qatar_TotalEnergies_Open_–_Singles|Qatar Open]], [[:en:2026_Porsche_Tennis_Grand_Prix_–_Singles|Stuttgart Open]], at [[:en:2026_Internationaux_de_Strasbourg_–_Singles|Strasbourg International]].<ref name=":63" /> === Grand Slam === Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa mga torneo ng Grand Slam noong 2023 sa kanyang unang mga pagsubok sa qualifying, kabilang ang laban niya kay [[:en:Misaki_Doi|Misaki Doi]] sa opening round ng [[:en:2023_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa final qualifying round sa lahat ng apat na major—[[:en:2024_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open]], [[:en:2024_French_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|French Open]], [[:en:2024_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Wimbledon]], at [[:en:2024_US_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|US Open]]—ngunit hindi pa rin siya nakapasok sa main draw.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, muling sumabak si Eala sa [[:en:2025_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]] ngunit natanggal. Gayunman, nakapasok siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2025_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|French Open]] at [[:en:2025_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Wimbledon]], kung saan kapwa siya natalo sa unang yugto. Sa [[:en:2025_US_Open_–_Women's_singles|US Open]], umabot siya sa ikalawang round bago magpaubaya kay [[:en:Cristina_Bucșa|Cristina Bucșa]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nag-debut siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2026_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Australian Open]] ngunit natalo sa unang round kay [[:en:Alycia_Parks|Alycia Parks]]. Sa [[:en:2026_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|Roland Garros]], natigil din ang kanyang kampanya sa opening round matapos matalo kay [[:en:Iva_Jovic|Iva Jovic]].<ref name=":63" /> <!-- ===Eala's Matches=== ---> == Mga laro ni Eala == === Juniors === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Singles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || R2 || R3 || A || A |- | French Open || A || SF || A || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || A || W |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Doubles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || A || W || A || A |- | French Open || A || A || W || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || SF || – |} === ITF Women's World Tour === ==== ITF Titles ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Tournament !! Category !! Event !! Partner |- | 2021 || W15 Manacor || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2022 || W25 Chiang Rai || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Yecla || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Roehampton || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W50 Pune || ITF || Doubles || Darja Semeņistaja |- | 2024 || W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |} ===== ITF Singles ===== ''' 2020 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 2 || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anna Zarycka || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Lara Salden || 0–6, 6–2, 2–6 |- | Melilla || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anastasia Charaeva || 3–6, 3–6 |- | Monastir 9 || W15 || Hard || Second Round || Nina Stadler || 6–4, 6–7, 5–7 |} ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W15 Manacor || W15 || Hard || Final (Title) || Yvonne Cavalle-Reimers || 5–7, 6–1, 6–2 |- | W15 Manacor 2 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ylena In-Albon || 0–6, 3–6 |- | W15 Manacor 3 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Oksana Selekhmeteva || 2–6, 3–6 |- | W25 Grenoble || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Maja Chwalińska || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Manacor 4 || W25 || Hard || Second Round || Jana Fett || 6–4, 3–6, 5–7 |- | W15 Manacor 5 || W15 || Hard || First Round || Simona Waltert || 4–6, 6–2, 5–7 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || Second Round || Simona Waltert || 5–7, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Irene Burillo Escorihuela || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Madrid 2 || W25 || Hard || First Round || Andrea Lázaro García || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Milovice || W25 || Hard || First Round || Daria Astakhova || 2–6, 2–6 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Chiang Rai || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Luksika Kumkhum || 6–4, 6–2 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Erika Sema || 3–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Robbe || 6–7(3), 3–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Final || Marina Bassols Ribera || 4–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W60 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessika Ponchet || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 El Espinar || W25 || Hard || Semifinals || Eva Guerrero Alvarez || 2–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W100 Grodzisk Mazowiecki || W100 || Hard || First Round || Katharina Hobgarski || 4–6, 3–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Katarzyna Kawa || 6–2, 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Rancho Santa Fe || W80 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Marcela Zacarías || 2–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Hamburg || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Ysaline Bonaventure || 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Semifinals || Ysaline Bonaventure || 1–6, 6–3, 3–6 |- | W100 Shrewsbury || W100 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Maia Lumsden || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Yecla || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Valentina Ryser || 6–3, 7–5 |- | W25 Roehampton || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Arina Rodionova || 6–2, 6–3 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || Final || Destanee Aiava || 6–3, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || Final || Océane Dodin || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Final (Title) || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || 6–4, 6–4 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 6–4, 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Takasaki || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Mananchaya Sawangkaew || 6–4, 1–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Cary || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Renata Zarazúa || 6–3, 4–6, 3–6 |- | W100 Landisville || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Olivia Gadecki || 1–6, 6–0, 3–6 |- | W75 Porto || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna Bondar || 4–6, 7–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Trnava 1 || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anastasia Gureva || 2–6, 6–3, 6–7 |- | W75 Trnava 2 || W75 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Martincová || 6–3, 4–6, 6–7 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Second Round || Mona Barthel || 6–4, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Zagreb || W75 || Clay || First Round || Tena Lukas || 5–7, 6–3, 4–6 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || First Round || Selena Janicijevic || 3–6, 1–6 |- | W50 Indore || W50 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 4–6, 7–6, 2–6 |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Darja Semenistaja || 6–7, 0–6 |} ===== ITF Doubles ===== ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Madrid || W25 || Hard || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || Quarterfinals || Olivia Tjandramulia / Ashley Lahey || 5–7, 6–4, 6–10 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Oksana Selekhmeteva || Final || Justina Mikulskytė / Oana Simion || 3–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Manacor || W25 || Hard || Elsa Jacquemot || Quarterfinals || Olga Parres Azcoitia / Aurora Zantedeschi || 6–2, 4–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Macon || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Audrey Albie / Aubane Droguet || 4–6, 2–6 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 1 || W25 || Hard || Indy De Vroome || First Round || Patcharin Cheapchandej / Punnin Kovapitukted || 6–4, 5–7, 6–10 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Kyōka Okamura || Quarterfinals || Pimrada Jattavapornvanit / Gozal Ainitdinova || 6–4, 7–6(4), 2–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Olga Helmi / Adithya Karunaratne || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Liang En-shuo || Quarterfinals || Tímea Babos / Valeria Savinykh || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Palma del Río || W25 || Clay || Marina Bassols Ribera || Semifinals || Valeria Savinykh / Fanny Stollár || 2–6, 0–6 |- | W25 Corroios-Seixal || W25 || Hard || Lizette Cabrera || Quarterfinals || Justina Mikulskytė / Hong Yi Cody Wong || 5–7, 4–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Annaëlle Robbe || Second Round || Madison Brengle || 6–3, 6–7, 6–10 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Petra Marcinko || Quarterfinals || Miriam Skoch / Markéta Vondroušová || 5–7, 2–6 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W60 Trnava 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 4–6, 1–6 |- | W60 Chiasso || W60 || Clay || — || First Round || Beatrice Gumulya / Anna Sisková || 3–6, 6–4, 11–13 |- | W25 Zaragoza || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Alana Parnaby / Victoria Rodríguez || 6–4, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 5–7, 6–1, 9–11 |- | W60 Barcelona || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–4, 3–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Roehampton 2 || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Talia Gibson / Petra Hule || 1–6, 5–7 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Erina Hayashi / Saki Imamura || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W100 Tokyo 2 || W100 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 0–6, 7–5, 6–10 |- | W60 Glasgow 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Freya Christie / Olivia Gadecki || — |- | W60 Nantes || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Ekaterina Maklakova / Ekaterina Reyngold || 6–1, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Danielle Collins / Isabelle Haverlag || 2–6, 4–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Darja Semeņistaja || Final (Title) || Naiktha Bains / Fanny Stollár || 7–6(8), 6–3 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Maia Lumsden / Jessika Ponchet || 7–5, 7–6(4) |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Lia Karatancheva / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–3, 2–6, 10–4 |- | W75 Porto 3 || W75 || Hard || Alicia Barnett || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Friedsam / Aliccia Barnett || 3–6, 4–6 |- | W75 Trnava || W75 || Hard || Zeynep Sönmez || Semifinals || Lulu Sun / Moyuka Uchijima || 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Valentini Grammatikopoulou || Quarterfinals || Isabelle Haverlag / Erika Pridankina || 7–5, 4–6, 3–10 |} === WTA and WTA 125 tournaments === ==== 2021 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Court !! Category !! Opponent !! Round !! Score |- | Miami Open || Hard || WTA 1000 || Viktória Hrunčáková || Qualifying 1 || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca) || Clay || WTA 250 || Mayar Sherif || Second Round || 2–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2022 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Category !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Madison Brengle || 2–6, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Qualifying 1 || Anna Bondár || 0–6, 0–6 |} ==== 2023 ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Misaki Doi || 6–4, 1–6, 3–6 |- | Thailand Open (Hua Hin) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Irina-Camelia Begu || 2–6, 5–7 |- | Mutua Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Tatjana Maria || 1–6, 1–6 |- | Japan Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Himari Sakatsume (Q) || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (3) || 3–6, 0–6 |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Elise Mertens (2) || 5–7, 0–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Cristina Bucșa / Bibiane Schoofs || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2024 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Rebecca Peterson (18) || 2–6, 5–7 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Qualifying 3 || Julia Riera (2) || 6–4, 6–7, 4–6 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Qualifying 3 || Lulu Sun (23) || 6–7, 5–7 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 3 || Elena-Gabriela Ruse (20) || 6–3, 1–6, 4–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Emiliana Arango || 6–2, 5–7, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Sorana Cîrstea (27) || 3–6, 7–6, 4–6 |- | Wuhan Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Kateřina Siniaková || 3–6, 1–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Magda Linette || 6–7, 1–6 |- | Guadalajara Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Priscilla Hon || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Jiangxi Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (1) || 5–7, 6–7 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Bernarda Pera || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Qualifying 2 || Ena Shibahara || 7–6, 0–6, 2–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Céline Naef (5) || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Tatjana Maria (4) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Polish Open (Warsaw) || WTA 125 || Hard || First Round || Isabella Shinikova || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Veneto Open (Gaiba) || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Sara Errani (4) || 0–6, 6–7 |- | Makarska Open || WTA 125 || Clay || First Round || Maria Timofeeva (Q) || 6–1, 3–6, 2–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Laura Pigossi || Semifinals || Kaylah McP / Astra Sharma || 6–7(1), 3–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Taylah Preston || First Round || Valeria Lepchenko / Anna Falei || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Polish Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Daniela Semenistaja || Quarterfinals || Weronika Falkowska / Martyna Kubka || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Kimberly Birrell || Quarterfinals || Katarzyna Piter / Fanny Stollar || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || En Shuo Liang || Quarterfinals || Giuliana Olmos / Alexandra Panova || 1–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2025 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Jana Fett (133) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Singapore Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Simona Waltert (179) || 3–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessica Pegula (4) || 6–7, 7–5, 3–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Second Round || Iga Świątek (2) || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Marta Kostyuk (27) || 0–6, 1–6 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || First Round || Emiliana Arango (85) || 0–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- |Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová || 5-7, 7-6(5), 1-6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || First Round || Magda Linette (31) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Eastbourne Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Finals (RunnerUp) || Maya Joint || 4–6, 6–1, 6–7 (10–12) |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || First Round || Barbora Krejčíková (16) || 6–3, 2–6, 1–6 |- | National Bank Open (Montreal) || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Markéta Vondroušová (63) || 6–3, 1–6, 2–6 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Second Round || Cristina Bucșa (95) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | São Paulo Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Janice Tjen (130) || 4–6, 1–6 |- | China Open (Wuhan) || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Moyuka Uchijima (91) || 4–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | Japan Women's Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Valentová (78) || 1–6, 2–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Claire Liu (305) || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | Hong Kong Tennis Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Second Round || Victoria Mboko (21) || 6–3, 3–6, 4–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Shuai Wei (134) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Mai Hontama (166) || 6–7, 2–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Second Round || Panna Udvardy (137) || 6–7, 4–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová (152) || 5–7, 7–6, 1–6 |- | Ilkley Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Rebecca Marino (107) || 6–1, 0–6, 6–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Champion || Panna Udvardy (134) || 1–6, 7–5, 6–3 |- | Jingshan Tennis Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Lulu Sun (146) || 6–3, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Suzhou Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Viktorija Golubic (70) || 6–2, 2–6, 6–7 |} '''Withdrawals''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Reason |- | Cincinnati Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Shoulder injury |- | Monterrey Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Shoulder injury |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Nadiia Kichenok || Semifinals || Katarzyna Piter / Janice Tjen || 7–6(4), 3–6, 5–10 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Coco Gauff || Quarterfinals || Jasmine Paolini / Sara Errani || 5–7, 6–3, 7–10 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Renata Zarazúa || Second Round || Olga Danilović / Anastasia Potapova || 1–6, 3–6 |- | Hong Kong Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Chan Hao‑ching || First Round || Kamilla Rakhimova / Aliaksandra Sasnovich || 6–3, 1–6, 7–10 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Eva Lys || First Round || Ingrid Gamarra Martins / Quinn Gleason || 4–6, 2–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Rebeka Masarova || First Round || Storm Hunter / Ellen Perez || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Tsao Chia‑yi || First Round || Amina Anshba / Elena Pridankina || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Katie Volynets || First Round || Carmen Corley / Olivia Gadecki || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2026 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Semifinals || Wang Xinyu || 7–5, 5–7, 6–4 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || First Round || Alycia Parks || 6–0, 3–6, 2–6 |- | Philippines Womens Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals|| Camila Osorio || 4-6, 4-6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ekaterina Alexandrova|| 3-6, 3-6 |- | Qatar Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round|| Tereza Valentová|| 6-7 (6), 1-6 |- |Dubai Tennis Championships |WTA 1000 |Hard |Quarterfinals |Coco Gauff |0-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Linda Noskova |2-6, 0-6 |- |Miami Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Karolína Muchová |0-6,2-6 |- |Linz Open |WTA 500 |Clay |Second Round |Jelena Ostapenko |4-6, 5-7 |- |Stuttgart Open |WTA 500 |Clay | First Round | Leylah Fernandez | 1-6, 4-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Second Round |Elise Mertens |2-6, 1-6 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Third Round |Elena Rybakina |4-6, 3-6 |- |Strasbourg International |WTA 500 |Clay |First Round |Oleksandra Oliynykova |6-3, 5-7, 3-6 |- |French Open |Grand Slam |Clay |First Round |Iva Jovic |4-6, 2-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Second Round |Alina Charaeva | |- |HSBC Championships |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Berlin Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Bad Homburg Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Wimbledon |Grand Slam |Grass | | | |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Iva Jovic || Semifinals || Xu Yifan / Yang Zhaoxuan || 5–7, 3–6 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Ingrid Martins || First Round || Shuko Aoyama / Magda Linette || 6–7(3), 6–2, 3–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Janice Tjen|| Semifinals|| Tereza Mihalíková / Olivia Nicholls|| 4-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Iva Jovic |First Round |Hailey Baptiste / Jelena Ostapenko |2-6, 2-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Zeynep Sönmez |Second Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |1-6, 5-7 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Hailey Baptiste |First Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |2-6, 1-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Nikola Bartůňková |First Round |Harriet Dart / Maia Lumsden |4-6, 6-2, 9-11 |- |} == Taunang ranggo ng WTA == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ ! Taon !! Isahan !! Dalawahan |- | 2021 || 529 || 780 |- | 2022 || 219 || 594 |- | 2023 || 205 || 436 |- | 2024 || 158 || 239 |- | 2025 || 50 || 161 |} Pinagmulan: Opisyal na Profile ni Alex Eala sa WTA<ref name=":63" /> == Estilo ng Paglalaro == Si Eala ay isang agresibong baseliner na gumagamit ng forehand at matatag na backhand upang kontrolin ang rally. Bilang kaliwete, nakalilikha siya ng mabigat na topspin at kilala sa mahusay na return game. Ang kanyang pangunahing kahinaan ay ang serve, na kulang sa bilis at variety, kahit mas epektibo siya sa hard courts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caramoan |first=Miguel Alfonso |date=January 19, 2026 |title=What’s next for Alex Eala after 2026 Australian Open first-round exit? |url=https://www.espn.ph/tennis/story/_/id/47658308/what-next-alex-eala-2026-australian-open-first-round-exit |website=ESPN |language=en|access-date=January 24, 2026}}</ref> Nakamit na niya ang semifinals ng WTA 1000 at tinalo ang tatlong major champions sa [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|2025 Miami Open]].<ref name=":Gulf">{{Cite web |title=What Alexandra Eala Needs to Win Titles and Beat Top Players |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/what-alexandra-eala-needs-to-win-titles-and-beat-top-players-1.500440043 |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Gulf News}}</ref> Ayon sa mga analyst, kailangan niyang palakasin ang serve, dagdagan ang variety, at patatagin ang kondisyon upang makipagsabayan sa pinakamalalaking titulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2026 |title=Alex Eala told where she can improve: Martina Navratilova offers advice |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/alex-eala-told-where-she-can-improve-martina-navratilova-offers-advice |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> === Laban sa Top 20 manlalaro ng WTA === Si Eala ay 6‑‑9 laban sa Top‑20. Kapag nananalo, kontrolado niya ang laban at epektibo ang unang serve; kapag natalo, mahina ang unang serve at nakakakuha ng puntos ang kalaban. Sa panalo, mataas ang kanyang dominance ratio (average 1.24): mga 66% ng unang serve ang pumapasok at nananalo siya ng mga 60% ng puntos mula rito. Sa talo, mababa ang dominance ratio (average 0.65): mga 61% ang unang serve in pero nananalo lang siya ng mga 45% ng unang‑serve points. Limang sa anim niyang panalo ay malinaw ang pagkakalamang; ang laban kay Tauson sa US Open 2025 ang nagpakita ng pinakamalapit na resulta. Konklusyon: kapag mahusay ang unang serve at napipilit niya ang kalaban sa baseline, tumaas ang tsansa niyang talunin ang Top‑20 — kung hindi, bumababa agad ang kontrol at lumalayo ang pagkatalo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennis Abstract: Alexandra Eala vs. Top 20 Players |url=https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=ACareerqqITop_20qqv1 |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=Tennis Abstract}}</ref> <!-- ==== Mga Panalo ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Torneo (Taon) !! Kalaban (Ranggo) !! Resulta !! DR !! 1stIn !! 1st% !! 2nd% |- | Indian Wells – Hard (2026) || Coco Gauff || 6-2, 2-0 RET || 1.46 || 68.0% || 58.8% || 50.0% |- | Dubai – Hard (2026) || Jasmine Paolini || 6-1, 7-6(5) || 1.32 || 63.1% || 73.2% || 50.0% |- | US Open – Hard (2025) || Clara Tauson || 6-3, 2-6, 7-6(11) || 0.97 || 68.1% || 59.4% || 43.3% |- | Eastbourne – Grass (2025) || Jelena Ostapenko || 0-6, 6-2, 3-2 RET || 1.08 || 63.5% || 57.6% || 63.2% |- | Miami – Hard (2025) || Iga Swiatek || 6-2, 7-5 || 1.27 || 66.7% || 52.3% || 50.0% |- | Miami – Hard (2025) || Madison Keys || 6-4, 6-2 || 1.32 || 66.1% || 58.5% || 52.4% |} ==== Mga Talo ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Torneo (Taon) !! Kalaban (Ranggo) !! Resulta !! DR !! 1stIn !! 1st% !! 2nd% |- | French Open – Clay (2026) || Iva Jovic || 4-6, 2-6 || 0.73 || 50% || 47% || 30% |- | Rome – Clay (2026) || Elena Rybakina || 4-6, 3-6 || 0.80 || 67.1% || 56.9% || 44.0% |- | Miami – Hard (2026) || Karolina Muchova || 0-6, 2-6 || 0.39 || 52.4% || 36.4% || 50.0% |- | Indian Wells – Hard (2026) || Linda Noskova || 2-6, 0-6 || 0.36 || 56.8% || 36.0% || 47.4% |- | Dubai – Hard (2026) || Coco Gauff || 0-6, 2-6 || 0.61 || 57.5% || 30.4% || 41.2% |- | Abu Dhabi – Hard (2026) || Ekaterina Alexandrova || 3-6, 3-6 || 0.79 || 69.8% || 45.5% || 52.6% |- | Wimbledon – Grass (2025) || Barbora Krejcikova || 6-3, 2-6, 1-6 || 0.82 || 54.3% || 50.0% || 50.0% |- | Madrid – Clay (2025) || Iga Swiatek || 6-4, 4-6, 2-6 || 0.77 || 69.0% || 50.7% || 41.9% |- | Miami – Hard (2025) || Jessica Pegula || 6-7(3), 7-5, 3-6 || 0.87 || 72.5% || 62.2% || 42.9% |} --> == Ibang larangan == === Pambansang koponan === Kinatawan ni Eala ang [[Pilipinas]] sa mga internasyonal na torneo. Nagwagi siya ng mga medalya sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2021_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2021]] (pilak sa singles, team, at mixed doubles) at sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2022_Asian_Games|Asian Games 2022]] (pilak sa singles at mixed doubles).<ref name=":7">{{cite news |last1=Carandang |first1=Justin Kenneth |date=May 20, 2022 |title=Tennis ace Alex Eala settles for bronze in women's singles |work=[[GMA News]] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/sports/othersports/832339/tennis-ace-alex-eala-settles-for-bronze-in-women-s-singles/story/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 25, 2025}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite news |last=Payo |first=Jasmine |date=September 29, 2023 |title=Alex Eala bags 2nd Asian Games bronze with Alcantara in doubles |language=en-US |work=[[Rappler]] |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/tennis-semifinal-results-mixed-doubles-alex-eala-francis-casey-alcantara-asian-games-september-29-2023/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 10, 2025}}</ref> Noong 2024, pinangunahan niya ang koponan sa 5–0 panalo sa Group II ng Billie Jean King Cup qualifiers, na nag-angat sa Pilipinas sa Group I.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Luisa |date=December 2, 2024 |title=Alex Eala relishes leading Team Philippines to BJK Cup promotion in Bahrain |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/26898/alex-eala-relishes-leading-team-philippines-to-bjk-cup-promotion-in-bahrain |url-status=live |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=One Sports |language=en}}</ref> Sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2025_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2025]], nakamit niya ang ginto sa women's singles at tanso sa mixed doubles at team events.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=December 18, 2025 |title=Alex Eala wins SEA Games tennis gold, ends long drought for PH|url=https://sports.inquirer.net/655069/alex-eala-wins-sea-games-tennis-gold-ends-long-drought-for-ph |access-date=December 18, 2025 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref> ===Mga Eksibisyon na Laro=== ====Singles: 1 (titles)==== {|class="wikitable" !Resulta !{{ns}}Petsa{{ns}} !Torneo !Uri ng Korte !Kalaban !Iskor |- |Panalo | Enero 2026 |[[:en:Kooyong_Classic|Kooyong Classic]], Melbourne, Australia |Matigas na Korte |[[:en:Donna Vekić|Donna Vekić]] |6–3, 6–4 |} === Mga sponsorship === Simula pagkabata, sinuportahan si Eala ng [[:en:Globe_Telecom|Globe Telecom]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 25, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Opens Up About Life |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/about-us/newsroom/corporate/alex-eala-meet-and-greet}}</ref> at kalaunan ay nagkaroon ng mga endorsement mula sa [[:en:Babolat|Babolat]], [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]], at [[:en:Bank_of_the_Philippine_Islands|BPI]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Champ’s choice: Alex Eala signs up as BPI’s newest endorser|url=https://bilyonaryo.com/2023/01/25/champs-choice-alex-eala-signs-up-as-bpis-newest-endorser/money/}}</ref> bago naging brand ambassador ng [[:en:Milo_(drink)|Milo]] noong 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2026 |title=MILO Active Pilipinas launched with Eala as new ambassador |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/milo-active-pilipinas-launched-with-eala-as-new-ambassador.html}}</ref> === Mga parangal === Walong beses nang kinilala si Eala ng [[:en:Philippine_Sportswriters_Association|Philippine Sportswriters Association]] sa [[:en:PSA_Annual_Awards|PSA Annual Awards]], kabilang ang paggawad sa kanya bilang ''Athlete of the Year'' noong 2026.<ref>Citations for Eala's PSA Annual Awards: *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 25, 2019 |title=Top PH athletes share limelight in PSA Awards 2019 |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/224351-philippine-athletes-sportswriters-association-awards-2019/ |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Gionco |first=Mark |date=February 29, 2020 |title=PH tennis rising star Alex Eala to be feted at PSA Awards |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/387640/ph-tennis-rising-star-alex-eala-to-be-feted-at-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=March 12, 2021 |title=PSA to honor tennis star Eala, boxing champs Casimero, Taduran |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/3/12/psa-to-honor-tennis-star-eala-boxing-champs-casimero-taduran |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 27, 2022 |title=Scribes fete world-class PH boxers |language=en |website=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/27/scribes-fete-world-class-ph-boxers/ |url-status=live |access-date=October 12, 2025 |archive-url= |archive-date=}} *{{Cite news |date=February 12, 2023 |title=PSA Awards: Young Alex Eala to be recognized with President's Award |language=en-US |website=Tiebreaker Times |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/psa-awards-young-alex-eala-to-be-recognized-with-presidents-award/261823 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 10, 2023 |title=Eala recipient of PSA Prexy Awards |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2023/02/10/2243942/eala-recipient-psa-prexy-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=January 24, 2024 |title=Alex Eala, Tots Carlos to be recognized in PSA Awards |website=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/01/15/24/alex-eala-tots-carlos-to-be-recognized-in-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Malanum |first=Jean |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala tops PSA achievers for September |language=en |website=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1260619 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala leads PSA's September honorees |language=en |website=SunStar Publishing Inc. |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/sports/eala-leads-psas-september-honorees |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 17, 2026 |title=Alex Eala hails PSA Athlete of the Year award a proof of PH tennis' rise |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/people/athletes/alex-eala-hails-athlete-of-year-award-proof-tennis-rise-philippines/ |access-date=February 17, 2026}}</ref> Noong 2021, isinama siya ng [[:en:Tatler_Asia|''Tatler Asia'']] sa talaan ng mga pinaka-maimpluwensiyang personalidad sa Asya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asia's Most Influential Philippines 2021 |url=https://www.tatlerasia.com/list/ami/ph?page=3&industry=all&region=ph&year=2021}}</ref> Noong Abril 2025, ginawaran si Eala ng ''Premios Tanglaw'' ng [[:en:Embassy_of_the_Philippines|Embahada ng Pilipinas]] sa Madrid bilang pagkilala sa kanyang ambag sa [[:en:Philippines–Spain_relations|ugnayan ng Pilipinas at Espanya]].<ref>{{cite news |date=April 2025 |title=Premios Tanglaw honoring Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/premios-tanglaw-eala}}</ref> Noong 2026, kinilala siya ng Forbes Asia bilang isa sa kanilang [[:en:Forbes_30_Under_30|30 Under 30]] sa kategoryang Libangan at Isports, dahil sa kanyang papel sa pag-angat ng Pilipinas sa pandaigdigang tennis.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Watson |first=Rana Wehbe |date=May 27, 2026 |title=30 Under 30 Asia’s Next Icons: The Gen Z Athletes And Music Artists Rewriting The Playbook |work=Forbes Asia |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ranawehbe/2026/05/27/30-under-30-asias-next-icons-the-gen-z-athletes-and-music-artists-rewriting-the-playbook/ |access-date=May 27, 2026}}</ref> ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} ==Mga panlabas na kawing== [https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/- Alexandra Eala Official WTA Page] [https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/s/overview/ Alexandra Eala Official ITF Women's World Tennis Page] [https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=v1 Alexandra Eala's Tennis Abstract page] [[:en:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on English Wikipedia (English)]] [https://tv-philippines.fandom.com/wiki/Alex_Eala Alexandra Eala on Fandom (English)] [[:simple:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on Simple Wikipedia]] qx9nvndq3lgulo4d3msfq4v5d7k1ejb 2210264 2210263 2026-06-03T20:21:18Z Tabilay 153890 /* ITF tour */ 2210264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}} Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' (ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Quezon City]]) ay isang Pilipinang manlalaro ng [[tenis]]. Siya ang pinakamataas na naitalang ranggong Pilipino sa WTA, na umabot sa world No. 29 noong Marso 16, 2026.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |last=Castillejo |first=Dyan |date=March 16, 2026 |title=Alex Eala rises to career-high World No. 29 |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/3/16/eala-rises-to-career-high-world-no-29-in-latest-wta-rankings-1032}}</ref> Nanalo siya ng mga junior Grand Slam: doubles sa 2020 Australian Open at 2021 French Open, at girls' singles sa 2022 US Open.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=September 10, 2022 |title=Eala captures US Open girls' singles crown |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/final-results-alex-eala-lucie-havlickova-us-open-september-10-2022/}}</ref> Sa pro circuit, mayroon siyang limang ITF singles at tatlong ITF doubles title. Noong 2025, umabot siya sa semifinals ng Miami Open, nag-final sa Eastbourne Open, at nagkampeon sa WTA 125 Guadalajara Open.<ref name=":63">{{Cite web |title=WTA: Alexandra Eala |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/alexandra-eala/matches#main-content |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox tennis biography |name = Alexandra Eala |image = Ealas and Patrick Gregorio (cropped Alexandra Eala).jpg |image_upright = .8 |caption = Eala at the [[:en:2025 SEA Games|2025 SEA Games]] |fullname = Alexandra Maniego Eala |country = {{PHI}} |residence = [[Metro Manila]], Philippines<br>[[Mallorca]], Spain |birth_date = {{birth date and age|2005|5|23}} |birth_place = [[Quezon City]], Philippines |height = {{height|m=1.75}} |turnedpro = March 2020 |plays = Left-handed (two-handed backhand) |coach = Joan Bosch<br> Alexandro Viaene<br>Lluc Bauza (Fitness Coach) |careerprizemoney = US 1,997,574 |singlesrecord = {{tennis record|won=212|lost=130}} |singlestitles = 0 |highestsinglesranking = No. 29 (March 16, 2026) |currentsinglesranking = No. 37 (May 25, 2026) |doublesrecord = {{tennis record|won=48|lost=46}} |doublestitles = 0 |highestdoublesranking = No. 88 (May 4, 2026) |currentdoublesranking = No. 116 (May 25, 2026) |updated = May 25, 2026 |AustralianOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's singles|2025]],[[:en:2026 French Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |Wimbledonresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles|2025]]) |USOpenresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 US Open – Women's singles|2025]]) |AustralianOpenDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's doubles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenDoublesresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's doubles|2025]]) |WimbledonDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles|2025]]) | medaltemplates-expand = no | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry |the {{PHI}}}} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the SEA Games|SEA Games]]}} {{MedalGold | 2025 Thailand | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Team }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Team }} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}} {{MedalBronze | 2022 Hangzhou | Singles }} {{MedalBronze|2022 Hangzhou|Mixed doubles}} }} == Maagang buhay == Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' ay ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Lungsod Quezon]], Pilipinas, kina Michael Eala (business executive)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jara-Puyod |first1=Mariecar |title=‘Eala’s grit, humility and passion have captured every Filipino’s heart,' says Philippine Ambassador Alfonso Ver |url=https://www.gulftoday.ae/sport/2026/02/20/ealas-grit-humility-and-passion-have-captured-every-filipinos-heart-says-philippine-ambassador-alfonso-ver |website=Gulf Today |publisher=Gulf Today |access-date=26 March 2026}}</ref> at [[:en:Rizza_Maniego-Eala|Rosemarie Maniego-Eala]], dating CFO ng [[Globe Telecom]] (hanggang 2024) at dating pambansang manlalangoy na nagwagi ng tansong medalya sa [[:en:1985_SEA_Games|1985 SEA Games]]. Ang kanyang mga tiyuhin ay sina [[:en:Noli_Eala|Noli Eala]] (dating chairperson ng [[:en:Philippine_Sports_Commission|Philippine Sports Commission]] at commissioner ng [[Philippine Basketball Association]])<ref name="Philstar">{{cite news |last1=Acebuche |first1=Yoniel |title=Alex Eala: What to know about the tennis phenom making history on the court |url=https://www.philstarlife.com/celebrity/828326-what-to-know-alex-eala |access-date=August 28, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]] |date=March 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cordero |first=Abac |date=August 30, 2022 |title=Noli Eala named new Philippine Sports Commission chairman |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2022/08/30/2206206/noli-eala-named-new-philippine-sports-commission-chairman |access-date=November 5, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]]}}</ref> at si Rhett Eala (fashion designer).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tunac |first1=Hermes Joy |title=Alex Eala reveals uncle Rhett Eala designed the elegant Filipiniana she wore at Laureus Awards 2026 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/shoppingandfashion/985027/alex-eala-reveals-uncle-rhett-eala-designed-the-elegant-filipiniana-she-wore-at-laureus-awar/story/ |work=[[GMA News]] |date=April 23, 2026}}</ref> Ang nakatatanda niyang kapatid na si Michael Francis “Miko” Eala ay naglaro ng tennis para sa [[:en:Penn_State_Nittany_Lions|Penn State]] mula 2020 hanggang 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |author1=Castillejo, Dyan |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Filipino athletes graduate as part of Penn State's class of 2024 |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/2024/5/6/filipino-athletes-graduate-as-part-of-penn-state-s-class-of-2024-1839 |work=[[ABS-CBN News]]}}</ref><ref name="PEP2">{{Cite news |last1=Bravo |date=March 27, 2025 |title=Who is Alex Eala, Pinoy tennis player at 2025 Miami Open? |url=https://www.pep.ph/peptionary/186040/alex-eala-a5128-20250327 |website=Philippine Entertainment Portal}}</ref> Nagsimulang maglaro si Eala ng tennis sa edad na apat, matapos ipakilala ng kanyang lolo sa ina na si Roberto Maniego, na siya rin ang una niyang coach.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hilotin |title=Alex Eala: Rapid rise in tennis rankings, what's next? |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/alex-eala-rapid-rise-in-tennis-rankings-whats-next-1.500248201 |work=[Gulf News |date=August 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 30, 2022 |title=The rise of Alexandra Eala making headlines in the Philippines and beyond |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2921343/alexandra-eala |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Payo |date=August 31, 2025 |title=Alex Eala and the guts to be first |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-guts-first-philippine-tennis/ |work=[[Rappler]]}}</ref> Nag-aral siya sa Immaculate Conception Academy sa [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]] at [[:en:Colegio_San_Agustin_–_Makati|Colegio San Agustin]] sa [[Makati]], bago lumipat sa [[:en:Rafa_Nadal_Academy|Rafa Nadal Academy]] sa [[:en:Manacor|Manacor]], Espanya, kung saan siya nagtapos noong 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mina |title=How Alex Eala became a world-class tennis champion |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/10/22/22/what-it-took-for-alex-eala-to-become-a-tennis-world-champ |work=[[ABS-CBN News]] |date=October 22, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 19, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Biography: Acing Her Path to the Tennis Court |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/blog/alex-eala-journey-to-pro |website=[[Globe Telecom|Globe]]}}</ref> == Personal na buhay == Paborito ni Eala ang [[:en:Kaldereta|kaldereta]] at mas gusto niya ang [[matcha]] kaysa kape.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mina |first=Inna |date=3 Pebrero 2026 |title=Ikaw ba ay tao ng Kare-Kare? Ang ranggo ni Alex Eala sa pagkaing Pilipino ay maaaring ikagulat mo |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/40770/are-you-a-kare-kare-person-alex-eala-filipino-food-rankings-might-surprise-you |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=One Sports |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Castillejo |first1=Dyan |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala at mga kapwa propesyonal ang kanilang personalidad sa labas ng korte sa Players Box Podcast |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/4/1/alex-eala-joins-fellow-players-on-the-players-box-podcast-0007 |website=ABS-CBN Sports |publisher=ABS-CBN Network |access-date=31 Marso 2026}}</ref> Multilingual siya at nagsasalita ng Ingles, Kastila, at [[Wikang Tagalog|Tagalog]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Futterman |first1=Matthew |title=Bumalik si Alex Eala sa Miami Open, kung saan nagsimula ang isang pangarap na nagpasiklab ng fenomeno sa tennis |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7124102/2026/03/19/tennis-alex-eala-philippines-miami-open/ |website=The Athletic |publisher=The New York Times |access-date=25 Marso 2026}}</ref> Itinuturing niya ang [[:en:Wimbledon_Championships|Wimbledon]] bilang paborito niyang Grand Slam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=3 Hulyo 2025 |title='Living my dream': Nagdiwang si Alex Eala sa makasaysayang Wimbledon stint |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-revels-historic-wimbledon-stint-2025/ |access-date=3 Hulyo 2025 |website=Rappler |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 Disyembre 2025 |title=Vogue Rapid-Fire interview kay Alex Eala |url=https://www.instagram.com/reels/DSoxP5lk1bS/ |access-date=24 Disyembre 2025 |website=Instagram |language=tl}}</ref> Binanggit niya si [[Maria Sharapova]] bilang impluwensya sa kanyang istilo ng laro at nakapagsanay na siya kasama si [[Rafael Nadal]] at ang kapatid niyang si Miko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atencio |first=Peter |date=19 Hulyo 2025 |title=Ang impluwensya ni Sharapova ang nagtutulak sa agresibong laro ni Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/sports-plus/314618107/sharapovas-influence-drives-alex-ealas-aggressive-game.html |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Manila Standard |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=20 Nobyembre 2025 |title=Naglaro si Alex Eala kasama si Rafael Nadal |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/649046/alex-eala-trains-with-rafael-nadal-in-his-return-to-court |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Inquirer |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 Agosto 2025 |title=Bago ang malalaking tao, palaging nasa tabi ni Alex Eala ang kanyang kapatid na si Miko |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/get-to-know-alex-eala-older-brother-and-avid-supporter-miko-a6035-20250827 |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> Pagkatapos ng kanyang breakout sa 2025 Miami Open, lumawak ang kanyang kasikatan sa Pilipinas at sa mga [[:en:Overseas_Filipinos_Filipino_diaspora|komunidad ng Pilipino sa ibayong dagat]], na inihalintulad ng ilang komentarista sa impluwensya ni [[Manny Pacquiao]]. Ayon sa mamamahayag at dating manlalaro ng tennis na si [[:en:Dyan_Castillejo|Dyan Castillejo]], tinatrato na siya ng mga tagahanga “na para bang nanalo na siya ng Grand Slam.” Nakatulong din ang paggamit niya ng Tagalog sa pagpapalakas ng ugnayan sa mga tagasuporta, at ang kanyang pag-angat ay nagpasiklab ng bagong interes sa tennis sa bansa. Inihambing din ng mga analista ang epekto niya sa paglawak ng tennis sa mga pigura tulad nina [[:en:Li_Na|Li Na]] at [[:en:Ons_Jabeur|Ons Jabeur]].<ref name=":0" /> Mas naging palakaibigan si Eala sa tour at nakabuo ng mga sumusuportang pagkakaibigan kina [[:en:Iva_Jović|Iva Jović]], [[:en:Zeynep_Sonmez|Zeynep Sonmez]], [[:en:Victoria_Mboko|Victoria Mboko]], [[:en:Eva_Lys|Eva Lys]], [[:en:Leylah_Fernandez|Leylah Fernandez]], at [[:en:Lizette_Cabrera|Lizette Cabrera]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reyes |first=Kate |date=9 Marso 2026 |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala ang mga kaibigan na kanyang nakilala sa kanyang batang karera sa WTA |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/alex-eala-bares-friends-she-has-made-in-her-young-wta-career-a6035-20260309 |access-date=9 Marso 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> ==Karera== ===Junior na Taon=== Nagtagumpay si Eala sa junior circuit, kabilang ang kanyang mga panalo sa singles sa [[:en:2022_US_Open_–_Girls'_singles|US Open]] at mga titulo sa doubles sa [[:en:2020_Australian_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|Australian Open]] at [[:en:2021_French_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|French Open]].<ref name=":63" /> === Propesyonal === ==== ITF tour ==== Mula sa kanyang mga junior na karera, lumipat si Eala sa [[:en:ITF_Women's_World_Tennis_Tour|ITF circuit]], kung saan unti-unti niyang pinagtibay ang kanyang rekord. Mula 2021 hanggang 2024, nakamit niya ang anim na titulo sa singles, kabilang ang torneo na [[:en:2024_Open_Araba_en_Femenino_–_Singles|W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz]]. Sa doubles, nagwagi siya ng tatlong titulo noong 2024, kasama sina [[:en:Darja_Semeņistaja|Darja Semeņistaja]] at [[:en:Estelle_Cascino|Estelle Cascino]].<ref name=":63" /> ====WTA Tour==== Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa [[:en:WTA_Tour|WTA Tour]] noong 2021 sa kanyang unang pagsabak sa [[:en:2021_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], kung saan nabigo siyang makalusot sa qualifying. Lumahok din siya sa [[:en:2021_Winners_Open_–_Singles|Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca)]], ngunit natigil sa ikalawang yugto.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2022, muling naglaro si Eala sa [[:en:2022_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] ngunit natanggal sa unang yugto. Sinubukan din niyang makapasok sa [[:en:2022_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], subalit nabigo siya sa qualifying.<ref name=":63" /> Pagsapit ng 2023, sumabak siya sa [[:en:2023_Thailand_Open_–_Singles|Thailand Open (Hua Hin)]], [[:en:2023_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2023_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2023_Japan_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Japan Women’s Open (Osaka)]], [[:en:2023_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], at [[:en:2023_Jasmin_Open_–_Singles|Jasmin Open (Monastir, Tunisia)]], ngunit hindi siya nakalusot sa unang yugto ng mga nasabing torneo.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2024_Veneto_Open_–_Singles|Veneto Open (Italy)]] bago mapatigil ni [[:en:Sara_Errani|Sara Errani]]. Gayunman, karamihan sa kanyang kampanya ay nauwi sa maagang pagkatanggal sa mga torneo tulad ng [[:en:2024_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2024_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2024_Wuhan_Open_–_Singles|Wuhan Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], [[:en:2024_Guadalajara_Open_Akron_–_Singles|Guadalajara Akron Open]], [[:en:2024_Ningbo_Open_–_Singles|Ningbo Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Jiangxi_Open_–_Singles|Jiangxi Open (Jiujiang, China)]], [[:en:2024_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Nottingham_Open_–_Women's_singles|Nottingham Open]], [[:en:2024_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra International]], [[:en:2024_Polish_Open_–_Singles|Polish Open (Warsaw)]], at [[:en:2024_Makarska_International_Championships_–_Singles|Makarska Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, nakarating siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] bago mapigilan ni [[:en:Jessica_Pegula|Jessica Pegula]]. Sa damuhan, umabot siya sa final ng [[:en:2025_Eastbourne_Open_–_Women's_singles|Eastbourne Open]] at nagtapos bilang runner-up kay [[:en:Maya_Joint|Maya Joint]]. Nakamit din niya ang kanyang unang titulo sa Challenger/125 level sa [[:en:2025_Guadalajara_125_Open_–_Singles|Guadalajara 125 Open]], at umabot sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra Open]], [[:en:2025_Jingshan_Tennis_Open_–_Women's_singles|Jingshan Open (China)]], at [[:en:2025_Suzhou_WTA_125_–_Singles|Suzhou Open]]. Gayunpaman, hindi siya nagtagumpay sa [[:en:2025_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]], [[:en:2025_National_Bank_Open_–_Women's_singles|Canadian Open]], at [[:en:2025_Hong_Kong_Tennis_Open_–_Singles|Hong Kong Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nakapasok siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2026_ASB_Classic_–_Women's_singles|ASB Classic (Auckland)]] at [[:en:2026_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], at umabot din sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2026_Philippine_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Philippines Women’s Open]] at [[:en:2026_Dubai_Tennis_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Dubai Tennis Championships]]. Nakarating siya sa ika-apat na yugto ng [[:en:2026_BNP_Paribas_Open_–_Women's_singles|Indian Wells Open]] at [[:en:2026_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]]. Sa luwad, umabot siya sa ikatlong yugto ng [[:en:2026_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]] bago natalo kay [[:en:Elena_Rybakina|Elena Rybakina]], ngunit nabigo sa unang yugto ng [[:en:2026_Qatar_TotalEnergies_Open_–_Singles|Qatar Open]], [[:en:2026_Porsche_Tennis_Grand_Prix_–_Singles|Stuttgart Open]], at [[:en:2026_Internationaux_de_Strasbourg_–_Singles|Strasbourg International]].<ref name=":63" /> === Grand Slam === Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa mga torneo ng Grand Slam noong 2023 sa kanyang unang mga pagsubok sa qualifying, kabilang ang laban niya kay [[:en:Misaki_Doi|Misaki Doi]] sa opening round ng [[:en:2023_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa final qualifying round sa lahat ng apat na major—[[:en:2024_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open]], [[:en:2024_French_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|French Open]], [[:en:2024_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Wimbledon]], at [[:en:2024_US_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|US Open]]—ngunit hindi pa rin siya nakapasok sa main draw.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, muling sumabak si Eala sa [[:en:2025_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]] ngunit natanggal. Gayunman, nakapasok siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2025_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|French Open]] at [[:en:2025_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Wimbledon]], kung saan kapwa siya natalo sa unang yugto. Sa [[:en:2025_US_Open_–_Women's_singles|US Open]], umabot siya sa ikalawang round bago magpaubaya kay [[:en:Cristina_Bucșa|Cristina Bucșa]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nag-debut siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2026_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Australian Open]] ngunit natalo sa unang round kay [[:en:Alycia_Parks|Alycia Parks]]. Sa [[:en:2026_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|Roland Garros]], natigil din ang kanyang kampanya sa opening round matapos matalo kay [[:en:Iva_Jovic|Iva Jovic]].<ref name=":63" /> <!-- ===Eala's Matches=== ---> == Mga laro ni Eala == === Juniors === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Singles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || R2 || R3 || A || A |- | French Open || A || SF || A || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || A || W |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Doubles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || A || W || A || A |- | French Open || A || A || W || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || SF || – |} === ITF Women's World Tour === ==== ITF Titles ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Tournament !! Category !! Event !! Partner |- | 2021 || W15 Manacor || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2022 || W25 Chiang Rai || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Yecla || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Roehampton || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W50 Pune || ITF || Doubles || Darja Semeņistaja |- | 2024 || W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |} ===== ITF Singles ===== ''' 2020 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 2 || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anna Zarycka || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Lara Salden || 0–6, 6–2, 2–6 |- | Melilla || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anastasia Charaeva || 3–6, 3–6 |- | Monastir 9 || W15 || Hard || Second Round || Nina Stadler || 6–4, 6–7, 5–7 |} ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W15 Manacor || W15 || Hard || Final (Title) || Yvonne Cavalle-Reimers || 5–7, 6–1, 6–2 |- | W15 Manacor 2 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ylena In-Albon || 0–6, 3–6 |- | W15 Manacor 3 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Oksana Selekhmeteva || 2–6, 3–6 |- | W25 Grenoble || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Maja Chwalińska || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Manacor 4 || W25 || Hard || Second Round || Jana Fett || 6–4, 3–6, 5–7 |- | W15 Manacor 5 || W15 || Hard || First Round || Simona Waltert || 4–6, 6–2, 5–7 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || Second Round || Simona Waltert || 5–7, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Irene Burillo Escorihuela || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Madrid 2 || W25 || Hard || First Round || Andrea Lázaro García || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Milovice || W25 || Hard || First Round || Daria Astakhova || 2–6, 2–6 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Chiang Rai || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Luksika Kumkhum || 6–4, 6–2 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Erika Sema || 3–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Robbe || 6–7(3), 3–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Final || Marina Bassols Ribera || 4–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W60 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessika Ponchet || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 El Espinar || W25 || Hard || Semifinals || Eva Guerrero Alvarez || 2–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W100 Grodzisk Mazowiecki || W100 || Hard || First Round || Katharina Hobgarski || 4–6, 3–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Katarzyna Kawa || 6–2, 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Rancho Santa Fe || W80 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Marcela Zacarías || 2–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Hamburg || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Ysaline Bonaventure || 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Semifinals || Ysaline Bonaventure || 1–6, 6–3, 3–6 |- | W100 Shrewsbury || W100 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Maia Lumsden || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Yecla || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Valentina Ryser || 6–3, 7–5 |- | W25 Roehampton || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Arina Rodionova || 6–2, 6–3 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || Final || Destanee Aiava || 6–3, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || Final || Océane Dodin || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Final (Title) || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || 6–4, 6–4 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 6–4, 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Takasaki || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Mananchaya Sawangkaew || 6–4, 1–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Cary || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Renata Zarazúa || 6–3, 4–6, 3–6 |- | W100 Landisville || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Olivia Gadecki || 1–6, 6–0, 3–6 |- | W75 Porto || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna Bondar || 4–6, 7–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Trnava 1 || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anastasia Gureva || 2–6, 6–3, 6–7 |- | W75 Trnava 2 || W75 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Martincová || 6–3, 4–6, 6–7 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Second Round || Mona Barthel || 6–4, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Zagreb || W75 || Clay || First Round || Tena Lukas || 5–7, 6–3, 4–6 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || First Round || Selena Janicijevic || 3–6, 1–6 |- | W50 Indore || W50 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 4–6, 7–6, 2–6 |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Darja Semenistaja || 6–7, 0–6 |} ===== ITF Doubles ===== ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Madrid || W25 || Hard || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || Quarterfinals || Olivia Tjandramulia / Ashley Lahey || 5–7, 6–4, 6–10 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Oksana Selekhmeteva || Final || Justina Mikulskytė / Oana Simion || 3–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Manacor || W25 || Hard || Elsa Jacquemot || Quarterfinals || Olga Parres Azcoitia / Aurora Zantedeschi || 6–2, 4–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Macon || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Audrey Albie / Aubane Droguet || 4–6, 2–6 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 1 || W25 || Hard || Indy De Vroome || First Round || Patcharin Cheapchandej / Punnin Kovapitukted || 6–4, 5–7, 6–10 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Kyōka Okamura || Quarterfinals || Pimrada Jattavapornvanit / Gozal Ainitdinova || 6–4, 7–6(4), 2–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Olga Helmi / Adithya Karunaratne || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Liang En-shuo || Quarterfinals || Tímea Babos / Valeria Savinykh || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Palma del Río || W25 || Clay || Marina Bassols Ribera || Semifinals || Valeria Savinykh / Fanny Stollár || 2–6, 0–6 |- | W25 Corroios-Seixal || W25 || Hard || Lizette Cabrera || Quarterfinals || Justina Mikulskytė / Hong Yi Cody Wong || 5–7, 4–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Annaëlle Robbe || Second Round || Madison Brengle || 6–3, 6–7, 6–10 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Petra Marcinko || Quarterfinals || Miriam Skoch / Markéta Vondroušová || 5–7, 2–6 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W60 Trnava 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 4–6, 1–6 |- | W60 Chiasso || W60 || Clay || — || First Round || Beatrice Gumulya / Anna Sisková || 3–6, 6–4, 11–13 |- | W25 Zaragoza || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Alana Parnaby / Victoria Rodríguez || 6–4, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 5–7, 6–1, 9–11 |- | W60 Barcelona || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–4, 3–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Roehampton 2 || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Talia Gibson / Petra Hule || 1–6, 5–7 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Erina Hayashi / Saki Imamura || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W100 Tokyo 2 || W100 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 0–6, 7–5, 6–10 |- | W60 Glasgow 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Freya Christie / Olivia Gadecki || — |- | W60 Nantes || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Ekaterina Maklakova / Ekaterina Reyngold || 6–1, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Danielle Collins / Isabelle Haverlag || 2–6, 4–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Darja Semeņistaja || Final (Title) || Naiktha Bains / Fanny Stollár || 7–6(8), 6–3 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Maia Lumsden / Jessika Ponchet || 7–5, 7–6(4) |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Lia Karatancheva / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–3, 2–6, 10–4 |- | W75 Porto 3 || W75 || Hard || Alicia Barnett || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Friedsam / Aliccia Barnett || 3–6, 4–6 |- | W75 Trnava || W75 || Hard || Zeynep Sönmez || Semifinals || Lulu Sun / Moyuka Uchijima || 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Valentini Grammatikopoulou || Quarterfinals || Isabelle Haverlag / Erika Pridankina || 7–5, 4–6, 3–10 |} === WTA and WTA 125 tournaments === ==== 2021 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Court !! Category !! Opponent !! Round !! Score |- | Miami Open || Hard || WTA 1000 || Viktória Hrunčáková || Qualifying 1 || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca) || Clay || WTA 250 || Mayar Sherif || Second Round || 2–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2022 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Category !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Madison Brengle || 2–6, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Qualifying 1 || Anna Bondár || 0–6, 0–6 |} ==== 2023 ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Misaki Doi || 6–4, 1–6, 3–6 |- | Thailand Open (Hua Hin) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Irina-Camelia Begu || 2–6, 5–7 |- | Mutua Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Tatjana Maria || 1–6, 1–6 |- | Japan Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Himari Sakatsume (Q) || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (3) || 3–6, 0–6 |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Elise Mertens (2) || 5–7, 0–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Cristina Bucșa / Bibiane Schoofs || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2024 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Rebecca Peterson (18) || 2–6, 5–7 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Qualifying 3 || Julia Riera (2) || 6–4, 6–7, 4–6 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Qualifying 3 || Lulu Sun (23) || 6–7, 5–7 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 3 || Elena-Gabriela Ruse (20) || 6–3, 1–6, 4–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Emiliana Arango || 6–2, 5–7, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Sorana Cîrstea (27) || 3–6, 7–6, 4–6 |- | Wuhan Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Kateřina Siniaková || 3–6, 1–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Magda Linette || 6–7, 1–6 |- | Guadalajara Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Priscilla Hon || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Jiangxi Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (1) || 5–7, 6–7 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Bernarda Pera || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Qualifying 2 || Ena Shibahara || 7–6, 0–6, 2–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Céline Naef (5) || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Tatjana Maria (4) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Polish Open (Warsaw) || WTA 125 || Hard || First Round || Isabella Shinikova || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Veneto Open (Gaiba) || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Sara Errani (4) || 0–6, 6–7 |- | Makarska Open || WTA 125 || Clay || First Round || Maria Timofeeva (Q) || 6–1, 3–6, 2–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Laura Pigossi || Semifinals || Kaylah McP / Astra Sharma || 6–7(1), 3–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Taylah Preston || First Round || Valeria Lepchenko / Anna Falei || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Polish Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Daniela Semenistaja || Quarterfinals || Weronika Falkowska / Martyna Kubka || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Kimberly Birrell || Quarterfinals || Katarzyna Piter / Fanny Stollar || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || En Shuo Liang || Quarterfinals || Giuliana Olmos / Alexandra Panova || 1–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2025 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Jana Fett (133) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Singapore Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Simona Waltert (179) || 3–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessica Pegula (4) || 6–7, 7–5, 3–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Second Round || Iga Świątek (2) || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Marta Kostyuk (27) || 0–6, 1–6 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || First Round || Emiliana Arango (85) || 0–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- |Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová || 5-7, 7-6(5), 1-6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || First Round || Magda Linette (31) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Eastbourne Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Finals (RunnerUp) || Maya Joint || 4–6, 6–1, 6–7 (10–12) |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || First Round || Barbora Krejčíková (16) || 6–3, 2–6, 1–6 |- | National Bank Open (Montreal) || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Markéta Vondroušová (63) || 6–3, 1–6, 2–6 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Second Round || Cristina Bucșa (95) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | São Paulo Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Janice Tjen (130) || 4–6, 1–6 |- | China Open (Wuhan) || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Moyuka Uchijima (91) || 4–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | Japan Women's Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Valentová (78) || 1–6, 2–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Claire Liu (305) || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | Hong Kong Tennis Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Second Round || Victoria Mboko (21) || 6–3, 3–6, 4–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Shuai Wei (134) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Mai Hontama (166) || 6–7, 2–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Second Round || Panna Udvardy (137) || 6–7, 4–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová (152) || 5–7, 7–6, 1–6 |- | Ilkley Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Rebecca Marino (107) || 6–1, 0–6, 6–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Champion || Panna Udvardy (134) || 1–6, 7–5, 6–3 |- | Jingshan Tennis Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Lulu Sun (146) || 6–3, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Suzhou Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Viktorija Golubic (70) || 6–2, 2–6, 6–7 |} '''Withdrawals''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Reason |- | Cincinnati Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Shoulder injury |- | Monterrey Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Shoulder injury |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Nadiia Kichenok || Semifinals || Katarzyna Piter / Janice Tjen || 7–6(4), 3–6, 5–10 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Coco Gauff || Quarterfinals || Jasmine Paolini / Sara Errani || 5–7, 6–3, 7–10 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Renata Zarazúa || Second Round || Olga Danilović / Anastasia Potapova || 1–6, 3–6 |- | Hong Kong Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Chan Hao‑ching || First Round || Kamilla Rakhimova / Aliaksandra Sasnovich || 6–3, 1–6, 7–10 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Eva Lys || First Round || Ingrid Gamarra Martins / Quinn Gleason || 4–6, 2–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Rebeka Masarova || First Round || Storm Hunter / Ellen Perez || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Tsao Chia‑yi || First Round || Amina Anshba / Elena Pridankina || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Katie Volynets || First Round || Carmen Corley / Olivia Gadecki || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2026 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Semifinals || Wang Xinyu || 7–5, 5–7, 6–4 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || First Round || Alycia Parks || 6–0, 3–6, 2–6 |- | Philippines Womens Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals|| Camila Osorio || 4-6, 4-6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ekaterina Alexandrova|| 3-6, 3-6 |- | Qatar Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round|| Tereza Valentová|| 6-7 (6), 1-6 |- |Dubai Tennis Championships |WTA 1000 |Hard |Quarterfinals |Coco Gauff |0-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Linda Noskova |2-6, 0-6 |- |Miami Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Karolína Muchová |0-6,2-6 |- |Linz Open |WTA 500 |Clay |Second Round |Jelena Ostapenko |4-6, 5-7 |- |Stuttgart Open |WTA 500 |Clay | First Round | Leylah Fernandez | 1-6, 4-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Second Round |Elise Mertens |2-6, 1-6 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Third Round |Elena Rybakina |4-6, 3-6 |- |Strasbourg International |WTA 500 |Clay |First Round |Oleksandra Oliynykova |6-3, 5-7, 3-6 |- |French Open |Grand Slam |Clay |First Round |Iva Jovic |4-6, 2-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Second Round |Alina Charaeva | |- |HSBC Championships |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Berlin Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Bad Homburg Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Wimbledon |Grand Slam |Grass | | | |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Iva Jovic || Semifinals || Xu Yifan / Yang Zhaoxuan || 5–7, 3–6 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Ingrid Martins || First Round || Shuko Aoyama / Magda Linette || 6–7(3), 6–2, 3–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Janice Tjen|| Semifinals|| Tereza Mihalíková / Olivia Nicholls|| 4-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Iva Jovic |First Round |Hailey Baptiste / Jelena Ostapenko |2-6, 2-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Zeynep Sönmez |Second Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |1-6, 5-7 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Hailey Baptiste |First Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |2-6, 1-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Nikola Bartůňková |First Round |Harriet Dart / Maia Lumsden |4-6, 6-2, 9-11 |- |} == Taunang ranggo ng WTA == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ ! Taon !! Isahan !! Dalawahan |- | 2021 || 529 || 780 |- | 2022 || 219 || 594 |- | 2023 || 205 || 436 |- | 2024 || 158 || 239 |- | 2025 || 50 || 161 |} Pinagmulan: Opisyal na Profile ni Alex Eala sa WTA<ref name=":63" /> == Estilo ng Paglalaro == Si Eala ay isang agresibong baseliner na gumagamit ng forehand at matatag na backhand upang kontrolin ang rally. Bilang kaliwete, nakalilikha siya ng mabigat na topspin at kilala sa mahusay na return game. Ang kanyang pangunahing kahinaan ay ang serve, na kulang sa bilis at variety, kahit mas epektibo siya sa hard courts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caramoan |first=Miguel Alfonso |date=January 19, 2026 |title=What’s next for Alex Eala after 2026 Australian Open first-round exit? |url=https://www.espn.ph/tennis/story/_/id/47658308/what-next-alex-eala-2026-australian-open-first-round-exit |website=ESPN |language=en|access-date=January 24, 2026}}</ref> Nakamit na niya ang semifinals ng WTA 1000 at tinalo ang tatlong major champions sa [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|2025 Miami Open]].<ref name=":Gulf">{{Cite web |title=What Alexandra Eala Needs to Win Titles and Beat Top Players |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/what-alexandra-eala-needs-to-win-titles-and-beat-top-players-1.500440043 |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Gulf News}}</ref> Ayon sa mga analyst, kailangan niyang palakasin ang serve, dagdagan ang variety, at patatagin ang kondisyon upang makipagsabayan sa pinakamalalaking titulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2026 |title=Alex Eala told where she can improve: Martina Navratilova offers advice |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/alex-eala-told-where-she-can-improve-martina-navratilova-offers-advice |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> === Laban sa Top 20 manlalaro ng WTA === Si Eala ay 6‑‑9 laban sa Top‑20. Kapag nananalo, kontrolado niya ang laban at epektibo ang unang serve; kapag natalo, mahina ang unang serve at nakakakuha ng puntos ang kalaban. Sa panalo, mataas ang kanyang dominance ratio (average 1.24): mga 66% ng unang serve ang pumapasok at nananalo siya ng mga 60% ng puntos mula rito. Sa talo, mababa ang dominance ratio (average 0.65): mga 61% ang unang serve in pero nananalo lang siya ng mga 45% ng unang‑serve points. Limang sa anim niyang panalo ay malinaw ang pagkakalamang; ang laban kay Tauson sa US Open 2025 ang nagpakita ng pinakamalapit na resulta. Konklusyon: kapag mahusay ang unang serve at napipilit niya ang kalaban sa baseline, tumaas ang tsansa niyang talunin ang Top‑20 — kung hindi, bumababa agad ang kontrol at lumalayo ang pagkatalo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennis Abstract: Alexandra Eala vs. Top 20 Players |url=https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=ACareerqqITop_20qqv1 |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=Tennis Abstract}}</ref> <!-- ==== Mga Panalo ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Torneo (Taon) !! Kalaban (Ranggo) !! Resulta !! DR !! 1stIn !! 1st% !! 2nd% |- | Indian Wells – Hard (2026) || Coco Gauff || 6-2, 2-0 RET || 1.46 || 68.0% || 58.8% || 50.0% |- | Dubai – Hard (2026) || Jasmine Paolini || 6-1, 7-6(5) || 1.32 || 63.1% || 73.2% || 50.0% |- | US Open – Hard (2025) || Clara Tauson || 6-3, 2-6, 7-6(11) || 0.97 || 68.1% || 59.4% || 43.3% |- | Eastbourne – Grass (2025) || Jelena Ostapenko || 0-6, 6-2, 3-2 RET || 1.08 || 63.5% || 57.6% || 63.2% |- | Miami – Hard (2025) || Iga Swiatek || 6-2, 7-5 || 1.27 || 66.7% || 52.3% || 50.0% |- | Miami – Hard (2025) || Madison Keys || 6-4, 6-2 || 1.32 || 66.1% || 58.5% || 52.4% |} ==== Mga Talo ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Torneo (Taon) !! Kalaban (Ranggo) !! Resulta !! DR !! 1stIn !! 1st% !! 2nd% |- | French Open – Clay (2026) || Iva Jovic || 4-6, 2-6 || 0.73 || 50% || 47% || 30% |- | Rome – Clay (2026) || Elena Rybakina || 4-6, 3-6 || 0.80 || 67.1% || 56.9% || 44.0% |- | Miami – Hard (2026) || Karolina Muchova || 0-6, 2-6 || 0.39 || 52.4% || 36.4% || 50.0% |- | Indian Wells – Hard (2026) || Linda Noskova || 2-6, 0-6 || 0.36 || 56.8% || 36.0% || 47.4% |- | Dubai – Hard (2026) || Coco Gauff || 0-6, 2-6 || 0.61 || 57.5% || 30.4% || 41.2% |- | Abu Dhabi – Hard (2026) || Ekaterina Alexandrova || 3-6, 3-6 || 0.79 || 69.8% || 45.5% || 52.6% |- | Wimbledon – Grass (2025) || Barbora Krejcikova || 6-3, 2-6, 1-6 || 0.82 || 54.3% || 50.0% || 50.0% |- | Madrid – Clay (2025) || Iga Swiatek || 6-4, 4-6, 2-6 || 0.77 || 69.0% || 50.7% || 41.9% |- | Miami – Hard (2025) || Jessica Pegula || 6-7(3), 7-5, 3-6 || 0.87 || 72.5% || 62.2% || 42.9% |} --> == Ibang larangan == === Pambansang koponan === Kinatawan ni Eala ang [[Pilipinas]] sa mga internasyonal na torneo. Nagwagi siya ng mga medalya sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2021_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2021]] (pilak sa singles, team, at mixed doubles) at sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2022_Asian_Games|Asian Games 2022]] (pilak sa singles at mixed doubles).<ref name=":7">{{cite news |last1=Carandang |first1=Justin Kenneth |date=May 20, 2022 |title=Tennis ace Alex Eala settles for bronze in women's singles |work=[[GMA News]] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/sports/othersports/832339/tennis-ace-alex-eala-settles-for-bronze-in-women-s-singles/story/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 25, 2025}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite news |last=Payo |first=Jasmine |date=September 29, 2023 |title=Alex Eala bags 2nd Asian Games bronze with Alcantara in doubles |language=en-US |work=[[Rappler]] |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/tennis-semifinal-results-mixed-doubles-alex-eala-francis-casey-alcantara-asian-games-september-29-2023/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 10, 2025}}</ref> Noong 2024, pinangunahan niya ang koponan sa 5–0 panalo sa Group II ng Billie Jean King Cup qualifiers, na nag-angat sa Pilipinas sa Group I.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Luisa |date=December 2, 2024 |title=Alex Eala relishes leading Team Philippines to BJK Cup promotion in Bahrain |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/26898/alex-eala-relishes-leading-team-philippines-to-bjk-cup-promotion-in-bahrain |url-status=live |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=One Sports |language=en}}</ref> Sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2025_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2025]], nakamit niya ang ginto sa women's singles at tanso sa mixed doubles at team events.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=December 18, 2025 |title=Alex Eala wins SEA Games tennis gold, ends long drought for PH|url=https://sports.inquirer.net/655069/alex-eala-wins-sea-games-tennis-gold-ends-long-drought-for-ph |access-date=December 18, 2025 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref> ===Mga Eksibisyon na Laro=== ====Singles: 1 (titles)==== {|class="wikitable" !Resulta !{{ns}}Petsa{{ns}} !Torneo !Uri ng Korte !Kalaban !Iskor |- |Panalo | Enero 2026 |[[:en:Kooyong_Classic|Kooyong Classic]], Melbourne, Australia |Matigas na Korte |[[:en:Donna Vekić|Donna Vekić]] |6–3, 6–4 |} === Mga sponsorship === Simula pagkabata, sinuportahan si Eala ng [[:en:Globe_Telecom|Globe Telecom]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 25, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Opens Up About Life |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/about-us/newsroom/corporate/alex-eala-meet-and-greet}}</ref> at kalaunan ay nagkaroon ng mga endorsement mula sa [[:en:Babolat|Babolat]], [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]], at [[:en:Bank_of_the_Philippine_Islands|BPI]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Champ’s choice: Alex Eala signs up as BPI’s newest endorser|url=https://bilyonaryo.com/2023/01/25/champs-choice-alex-eala-signs-up-as-bpis-newest-endorser/money/}}</ref> bago naging brand ambassador ng [[:en:Milo_(drink)|Milo]] noong 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2026 |title=MILO Active Pilipinas launched with Eala as new ambassador |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/milo-active-pilipinas-launched-with-eala-as-new-ambassador.html}}</ref> === Mga parangal === Walong beses nang kinilala si Eala ng [[:en:Philippine_Sportswriters_Association|Philippine Sportswriters Association]] sa [[:en:PSA_Annual_Awards|PSA Annual Awards]], kabilang ang paggawad sa kanya bilang ''Athlete of the Year'' noong 2026.<ref>Citations for Eala's PSA Annual Awards: *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 25, 2019 |title=Top PH athletes share limelight in PSA Awards 2019 |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/224351-philippine-athletes-sportswriters-association-awards-2019/ |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Gionco |first=Mark |date=February 29, 2020 |title=PH tennis rising star Alex Eala to be feted at PSA Awards |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/387640/ph-tennis-rising-star-alex-eala-to-be-feted-at-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=March 12, 2021 |title=PSA to honor tennis star Eala, boxing champs Casimero, Taduran |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/3/12/psa-to-honor-tennis-star-eala-boxing-champs-casimero-taduran |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 27, 2022 |title=Scribes fete world-class PH boxers |language=en |website=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/27/scribes-fete-world-class-ph-boxers/ |url-status=live |access-date=October 12, 2025 |archive-url= |archive-date=}} *{{Cite news |date=February 12, 2023 |title=PSA Awards: Young Alex Eala to be recognized with President's Award |language=en-US |website=Tiebreaker Times |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/psa-awards-young-alex-eala-to-be-recognized-with-presidents-award/261823 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 10, 2023 |title=Eala recipient of PSA Prexy Awards |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2023/02/10/2243942/eala-recipient-psa-prexy-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=January 24, 2024 |title=Alex Eala, Tots Carlos to be recognized in PSA Awards |website=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/01/15/24/alex-eala-tots-carlos-to-be-recognized-in-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Malanum |first=Jean |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala tops PSA achievers for September |language=en |website=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1260619 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala leads PSA's September honorees |language=en |website=SunStar Publishing Inc. |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/sports/eala-leads-psas-september-honorees |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 17, 2026 |title=Alex Eala hails PSA Athlete of the Year award a proof of PH tennis' rise |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/people/athletes/alex-eala-hails-athlete-of-year-award-proof-tennis-rise-philippines/ |access-date=February 17, 2026}}</ref> Noong 2021, isinama siya ng [[:en:Tatler_Asia|''Tatler Asia'']] sa talaan ng mga pinaka-maimpluwensiyang personalidad sa Asya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asia's Most Influential Philippines 2021 |url=https://www.tatlerasia.com/list/ami/ph?page=3&industry=all&region=ph&year=2021}}</ref> Noong Abril 2025, ginawaran si Eala ng ''Premios Tanglaw'' ng [[:en:Embassy_of_the_Philippines|Embahada ng Pilipinas]] sa Madrid bilang pagkilala sa kanyang ambag sa [[:en:Philippines–Spain_relations|ugnayan ng Pilipinas at Espanya]].<ref>{{cite news |date=April 2025 |title=Premios Tanglaw honoring Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/premios-tanglaw-eala}}</ref> Noong 2026, kinilala siya ng Forbes Asia bilang isa sa kanilang [[:en:Forbes_30_Under_30|30 Under 30]] sa kategoryang Libangan at Isports, dahil sa kanyang papel sa pag-angat ng Pilipinas sa pandaigdigang tennis.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Watson |first=Rana Wehbe |date=May 27, 2026 |title=30 Under 30 Asia’s Next Icons: The Gen Z Athletes And Music Artists Rewriting The Playbook |work=Forbes Asia |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ranawehbe/2026/05/27/30-under-30-asias-next-icons-the-gen-z-athletes-and-music-artists-rewriting-the-playbook/ |access-date=May 27, 2026}}</ref> ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} ==Mga panlabas na kawing== [https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/- Alexandra Eala Official WTA Page] [https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/s/overview/ Alexandra Eala Official ITF Women's World Tennis Page] [https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=v1 Alexandra Eala's Tennis Abstract page] [[:en:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on English Wikipedia (English)]] [https://tv-philippines.fandom.com/wiki/Alex_Eala Alexandra Eala on Fandom (English)] [[:simple:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on Simple Wikipedia]] 474cvin8i38ir459xluvuigywkdk2nl 2210288 2210264 2026-06-04T01:48:36Z Tabilay 153890 /* Pagganap ni Eala Laban sa mga Top 20 na Manlalaro */ 2210288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}} Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' (ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Quezon City]]) ay isang Pilipinang manlalaro ng [[tenis]]. Siya ang pinakamataas na naitalang ranggong Pilipino sa WTA, na umabot sa world No. 29 noong Marso 16, 2026.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |last=Castillejo |first=Dyan |date=March 16, 2026 |title=Alex Eala rises to career-high World No. 29 |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/3/16/eala-rises-to-career-high-world-no-29-in-latest-wta-rankings-1032}}</ref> Nanalo siya ng mga junior Grand Slam: doubles sa 2020 Australian Open at 2021 French Open, at girls' singles sa 2022 US Open.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=September 10, 2022 |title=Eala captures US Open girls' singles crown |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/final-results-alex-eala-lucie-havlickova-us-open-september-10-2022/}}</ref> Sa pro circuit, mayroon siyang limang ITF singles at tatlong ITF doubles title. Noong 2025, umabot siya sa semifinals ng Miami Open, nag-final sa Eastbourne Open, at nagkampeon sa WTA 125 Guadalajara Open.<ref name=":63">{{Cite web |title=WTA: Alexandra Eala |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/alexandra-eala/matches#main-content |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox tennis biography |name = Alexandra Eala |image = Ealas and Patrick Gregorio (cropped Alexandra Eala).jpg |image_upright = .8 |caption = Eala at the [[:en:2025 SEA Games|2025 SEA Games]] |fullname = Alexandra Maniego Eala |country = {{PHI}} |residence = [[Metro Manila]], Philippines<br>[[Mallorca]], Spain |birth_date = {{birth date and age|2005|5|23}} |birth_place = [[Quezon City]], Philippines |height = {{height|m=1.75}} |turnedpro = March 2020 |plays = Left-handed (two-handed backhand) |coach = Joan Bosch<br> Alexandro Viaene<br>Lluc Bauza (Fitness Coach) |careerprizemoney = US 1,997,574 |singlesrecord = {{tennis record|won=212|lost=130}} |singlestitles = 0 |highestsinglesranking = No. 29 (March 16, 2026) |currentsinglesranking = No. 37 (May 25, 2026) |doublesrecord = {{tennis record|won=48|lost=46}} |doublestitles = 0 |highestdoublesranking = No. 88 (May 4, 2026) |currentdoublesranking = No. 116 (May 25, 2026) |updated = May 25, 2026 |AustralianOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's singles|2025]],[[:en:2026 French Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |Wimbledonresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles|2025]]) |USOpenresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 US Open – Women's singles|2025]]) |AustralianOpenDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's doubles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenDoublesresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's doubles|2025]]) |WimbledonDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles|2025]]) | medaltemplates-expand = no | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry |the {{PHI}}}} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the SEA Games|SEA Games]]}} {{MedalGold | 2025 Thailand | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Team }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Team }} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}} {{MedalBronze | 2022 Hangzhou | Singles }} {{MedalBronze|2022 Hangzhou|Mixed doubles}} }} == Maagang buhay == Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' ay ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Lungsod Quezon]], Pilipinas, kina Michael Eala (business executive)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jara-Puyod |first1=Mariecar |title=‘Eala’s grit, humility and passion have captured every Filipino’s heart,' says Philippine Ambassador Alfonso Ver |url=https://www.gulftoday.ae/sport/2026/02/20/ealas-grit-humility-and-passion-have-captured-every-filipinos-heart-says-philippine-ambassador-alfonso-ver |website=Gulf Today |publisher=Gulf Today |access-date=26 March 2026}}</ref> at [[:en:Rizza_Maniego-Eala|Rosemarie Maniego-Eala]], dating CFO ng [[Globe Telecom]] (hanggang 2024) at dating pambansang manlalangoy na nagwagi ng tansong medalya sa [[:en:1985_SEA_Games|1985 SEA Games]]. Ang kanyang mga tiyuhin ay sina [[:en:Noli_Eala|Noli Eala]] (dating chairperson ng [[:en:Philippine_Sports_Commission|Philippine Sports Commission]] at commissioner ng [[Philippine Basketball Association]])<ref name="Philstar">{{cite news |last1=Acebuche |first1=Yoniel |title=Alex Eala: What to know about the tennis phenom making history on the court |url=https://www.philstarlife.com/celebrity/828326-what-to-know-alex-eala |access-date=August 28, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]] |date=March 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cordero |first=Abac |date=August 30, 2022 |title=Noli Eala named new Philippine Sports Commission chairman |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2022/08/30/2206206/noli-eala-named-new-philippine-sports-commission-chairman |access-date=November 5, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]]}}</ref> at si Rhett Eala (fashion designer).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tunac |first1=Hermes Joy |title=Alex Eala reveals uncle Rhett Eala designed the elegant Filipiniana she wore at Laureus Awards 2026 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/shoppingandfashion/985027/alex-eala-reveals-uncle-rhett-eala-designed-the-elegant-filipiniana-she-wore-at-laureus-awar/story/ |work=[[GMA News]] |date=April 23, 2026}}</ref> Ang nakatatanda niyang kapatid na si Michael Francis “Miko” Eala ay naglaro ng tennis para sa [[:en:Penn_State_Nittany_Lions|Penn State]] mula 2020 hanggang 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |author1=Castillejo, Dyan |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Filipino athletes graduate as part of Penn State's class of 2024 |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/2024/5/6/filipino-athletes-graduate-as-part-of-penn-state-s-class-of-2024-1839 |work=[[ABS-CBN News]]}}</ref><ref name="PEP2">{{Cite news |last1=Bravo |date=March 27, 2025 |title=Who is Alex Eala, Pinoy tennis player at 2025 Miami Open? |url=https://www.pep.ph/peptionary/186040/alex-eala-a5128-20250327 |website=Philippine Entertainment Portal}}</ref> Nagsimulang maglaro si Eala ng tennis sa edad na apat, matapos ipakilala ng kanyang lolo sa ina na si Roberto Maniego, na siya rin ang una niyang coach.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hilotin |title=Alex Eala: Rapid rise in tennis rankings, what's next? |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/alex-eala-rapid-rise-in-tennis-rankings-whats-next-1.500248201 |work=[Gulf News |date=August 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 30, 2022 |title=The rise of Alexandra Eala making headlines in the Philippines and beyond |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2921343/alexandra-eala |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Payo |date=August 31, 2025 |title=Alex Eala and the guts to be first |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-guts-first-philippine-tennis/ |work=[[Rappler]]}}</ref> Nag-aral siya sa Immaculate Conception Academy sa [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]] at [[:en:Colegio_San_Agustin_–_Makati|Colegio San Agustin]] sa [[Makati]], bago lumipat sa [[:en:Rafa_Nadal_Academy|Rafa Nadal Academy]] sa [[:en:Manacor|Manacor]], Espanya, kung saan siya nagtapos noong 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mina |title=How Alex Eala became a world-class tennis champion |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/10/22/22/what-it-took-for-alex-eala-to-become-a-tennis-world-champ |work=[[ABS-CBN News]] |date=October 22, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 19, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Biography: Acing Her Path to the Tennis Court |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/blog/alex-eala-journey-to-pro |website=[[Globe Telecom|Globe]]}}</ref> == Personal na buhay == Paborito ni Eala ang [[:en:Kaldereta|kaldereta]] at mas gusto niya ang [[matcha]] kaysa kape.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mina |first=Inna |date=3 Pebrero 2026 |title=Ikaw ba ay tao ng Kare-Kare? Ang ranggo ni Alex Eala sa pagkaing Pilipino ay maaaring ikagulat mo |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/40770/are-you-a-kare-kare-person-alex-eala-filipino-food-rankings-might-surprise-you |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=One Sports |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Castillejo |first1=Dyan |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala at mga kapwa propesyonal ang kanilang personalidad sa labas ng korte sa Players Box Podcast |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/4/1/alex-eala-joins-fellow-players-on-the-players-box-podcast-0007 |website=ABS-CBN Sports |publisher=ABS-CBN Network |access-date=31 Marso 2026}}</ref> Multilingual siya at nagsasalita ng Ingles, Kastila, at [[Wikang Tagalog|Tagalog]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Futterman |first1=Matthew |title=Bumalik si Alex Eala sa Miami Open, kung saan nagsimula ang isang pangarap na nagpasiklab ng fenomeno sa tennis |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7124102/2026/03/19/tennis-alex-eala-philippines-miami-open/ |website=The Athletic |publisher=The New York Times |access-date=25 Marso 2026}}</ref> Itinuturing niya ang [[:en:Wimbledon_Championships|Wimbledon]] bilang paborito niyang Grand Slam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=3 Hulyo 2025 |title='Living my dream': Nagdiwang si Alex Eala sa makasaysayang Wimbledon stint |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-revels-historic-wimbledon-stint-2025/ |access-date=3 Hulyo 2025 |website=Rappler |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 Disyembre 2025 |title=Vogue Rapid-Fire interview kay Alex Eala |url=https://www.instagram.com/reels/DSoxP5lk1bS/ |access-date=24 Disyembre 2025 |website=Instagram |language=tl}}</ref> Binanggit niya si [[Maria Sharapova]] bilang impluwensya sa kanyang istilo ng laro at nakapagsanay na siya kasama si [[Rafael Nadal]] at ang kapatid niyang si Miko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atencio |first=Peter |date=19 Hulyo 2025 |title=Ang impluwensya ni Sharapova ang nagtutulak sa agresibong laro ni Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/sports-plus/314618107/sharapovas-influence-drives-alex-ealas-aggressive-game.html |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Manila Standard |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=20 Nobyembre 2025 |title=Naglaro si Alex Eala kasama si Rafael Nadal |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/649046/alex-eala-trains-with-rafael-nadal-in-his-return-to-court |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Inquirer |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 Agosto 2025 |title=Bago ang malalaking tao, palaging nasa tabi ni Alex Eala ang kanyang kapatid na si Miko |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/get-to-know-alex-eala-older-brother-and-avid-supporter-miko-a6035-20250827 |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> Pagkatapos ng kanyang breakout sa 2025 Miami Open, lumawak ang kanyang kasikatan sa Pilipinas at sa mga [[:en:Overseas_Filipinos_Filipino_diaspora|komunidad ng Pilipino sa ibayong dagat]], na inihalintulad ng ilang komentarista sa impluwensya ni [[Manny Pacquiao]]. Ayon sa mamamahayag at dating manlalaro ng tennis na si [[:en:Dyan_Castillejo|Dyan Castillejo]], tinatrato na siya ng mga tagahanga “na para bang nanalo na siya ng Grand Slam.” Nakatulong din ang paggamit niya ng Tagalog sa pagpapalakas ng ugnayan sa mga tagasuporta, at ang kanyang pag-angat ay nagpasiklab ng bagong interes sa tennis sa bansa. Inihambing din ng mga analista ang epekto niya sa paglawak ng tennis sa mga pigura tulad nina [[:en:Li_Na|Li Na]] at [[:en:Ons_Jabeur|Ons Jabeur]].<ref name=":0" /> Mas naging palakaibigan si Eala sa tour at nakabuo ng mga sumusuportang pagkakaibigan kina [[:en:Iva_Jović|Iva Jović]], [[:en:Zeynep_Sonmez|Zeynep Sonmez]], [[:en:Victoria_Mboko|Victoria Mboko]], [[:en:Eva_Lys|Eva Lys]], [[:en:Leylah_Fernandez|Leylah Fernandez]], at [[:en:Lizette_Cabrera|Lizette Cabrera]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reyes |first=Kate |date=9 Marso 2026 |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala ang mga kaibigan na kanyang nakilala sa kanyang batang karera sa WTA |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/alex-eala-bares-friends-she-has-made-in-her-young-wta-career-a6035-20260309 |access-date=9 Marso 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> ==Karera== ===Junior na Taon=== Nagtagumpay si Eala sa junior circuit, kabilang ang kanyang mga panalo sa singles sa [[:en:2022_US_Open_–_Girls'_singles|US Open]] at mga titulo sa doubles sa [[:en:2020_Australian_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|Australian Open]] at [[:en:2021_French_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|French Open]].<ref name=":63" /> === Propesyonal === ==== ITF tour ==== Mula sa kanyang mga junior na karera, lumipat si Eala sa [[:en:ITF_Women's_World_Tennis_Tour|ITF circuit]], kung saan unti-unti niyang pinagtibay ang kanyang rekord. Mula 2021 hanggang 2024, nakamit niya ang anim na titulo sa singles, kabilang ang torneo na [[:en:2024_Open_Araba_en_Femenino_–_Singles|W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz]]. Sa doubles, nagwagi siya ng tatlong titulo noong 2024, kasama sina [[:en:Darja_Semeņistaja|Darja Semeņistaja]] at [[:en:Estelle_Cascino|Estelle Cascino]].<ref name=":63" /> ====WTA Tour==== Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa [[:en:WTA_Tour|WTA Tour]] noong 2021 sa kanyang unang pagsabak sa [[:en:2021_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], kung saan nabigo siyang makalusot sa qualifying. Lumahok din siya sa [[:en:2021_Winners_Open_–_Singles|Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca)]], ngunit natigil sa ikalawang yugto.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2022, muling naglaro si Eala sa [[:en:2022_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] ngunit natanggal sa unang yugto. Sinubukan din niyang makapasok sa [[:en:2022_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], subalit nabigo siya sa qualifying.<ref name=":63" /> Pagsapit ng 2023, sumabak siya sa [[:en:2023_Thailand_Open_–_Singles|Thailand Open (Hua Hin)]], [[:en:2023_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2023_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2023_Japan_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Japan Women’s Open (Osaka)]], [[:en:2023_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], at [[:en:2023_Jasmin_Open_–_Singles|Jasmin Open (Monastir, Tunisia)]], ngunit hindi siya nakalusot sa unang yugto ng mga nasabing torneo.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2024_Veneto_Open_–_Singles|Veneto Open (Italy)]] bago mapatigil ni [[:en:Sara_Errani|Sara Errani]]. Gayunman, karamihan sa kanyang kampanya ay nauwi sa maagang pagkatanggal sa mga torneo tulad ng [[:en:2024_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2024_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2024_Wuhan_Open_–_Singles|Wuhan Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], [[:en:2024_Guadalajara_Open_Akron_–_Singles|Guadalajara Akron Open]], [[:en:2024_Ningbo_Open_–_Singles|Ningbo Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Jiangxi_Open_–_Singles|Jiangxi Open (Jiujiang, China)]], [[:en:2024_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Nottingham_Open_–_Women's_singles|Nottingham Open]], [[:en:2024_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra International]], [[:en:2024_Polish_Open_–_Singles|Polish Open (Warsaw)]], at [[:en:2024_Makarska_International_Championships_–_Singles|Makarska Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, nakarating siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] bago mapigilan ni [[:en:Jessica_Pegula|Jessica Pegula]]. Sa damuhan, umabot siya sa final ng [[:en:2025_Eastbourne_Open_–_Women's_singles|Eastbourne Open]] at nagtapos bilang runner-up kay [[:en:Maya_Joint|Maya Joint]]. Nakamit din niya ang kanyang unang titulo sa Challenger/125 level sa [[:en:2025_Guadalajara_125_Open_–_Singles|Guadalajara 125 Open]], at umabot sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra Open]], [[:en:2025_Jingshan_Tennis_Open_–_Women's_singles|Jingshan Open (China)]], at [[:en:2025_Suzhou_WTA_125_–_Singles|Suzhou Open]]. Gayunpaman, hindi siya nagtagumpay sa [[:en:2025_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]], [[:en:2025_National_Bank_Open_–_Women's_singles|Canadian Open]], at [[:en:2025_Hong_Kong_Tennis_Open_–_Singles|Hong Kong Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nakapasok siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2026_ASB_Classic_–_Women's_singles|ASB Classic (Auckland)]] at [[:en:2026_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], at umabot din sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2026_Philippine_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Philippines Women’s Open]] at [[:en:2026_Dubai_Tennis_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Dubai Tennis Championships]]. Nakarating siya sa ika-apat na yugto ng [[:en:2026_BNP_Paribas_Open_–_Women's_singles|Indian Wells Open]] at [[:en:2026_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]]. Sa luwad, umabot siya sa ikatlong yugto ng [[:en:2026_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]] bago natalo kay [[:en:Elena_Rybakina|Elena Rybakina]], ngunit nabigo sa unang yugto ng [[:en:2026_Qatar_TotalEnergies_Open_–_Singles|Qatar Open]], [[:en:2026_Porsche_Tennis_Grand_Prix_–_Singles|Stuttgart Open]], at [[:en:2026_Internationaux_de_Strasbourg_–_Singles|Strasbourg International]].<ref name=":63" /> === Grand Slam === Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa mga torneo ng Grand Slam noong 2023 sa kanyang unang mga pagsubok sa qualifying, kabilang ang laban niya kay [[:en:Misaki_Doi|Misaki Doi]] sa opening round ng [[:en:2023_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa final qualifying round sa lahat ng apat na major—[[:en:2024_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open]], [[:en:2024_French_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|French Open]], [[:en:2024_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Wimbledon]], at [[:en:2024_US_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|US Open]]—ngunit hindi pa rin siya nakapasok sa main draw.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, muling sumabak si Eala sa [[:en:2025_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]] ngunit natanggal. Gayunman, nakapasok siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2025_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|French Open]] at [[:en:2025_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Wimbledon]], kung saan kapwa siya natalo sa unang yugto. Sa [[:en:2025_US_Open_–_Women's_singles|US Open]], umabot siya sa ikalawang round bago magpaubaya kay [[:en:Cristina_Bucșa|Cristina Bucșa]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nag-debut siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2026_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Australian Open]] ngunit natalo sa unang round kay [[:en:Alycia_Parks|Alycia Parks]]. Sa [[:en:2026_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|Roland Garros]], natigil din ang kanyang kampanya sa opening round matapos matalo kay [[:en:Iva_Jovic|Iva Jovic]].<ref name=":63" /> <!-- ===Eala's Matches=== ---> == Mga laro ni Eala == === Juniors === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Singles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || R2 || R3 || A || A |- | French Open || A || SF || A || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || A || W |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Doubles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || A || W || A || A |- | French Open || A || A || W || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || SF || – |} === ITF Women's World Tour === ==== ITF Titles ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Tournament !! Category !! Event !! Partner |- | 2021 || W15 Manacor || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2022 || W25 Chiang Rai || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Yecla || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Roehampton || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W50 Pune || ITF || Doubles || Darja Semeņistaja |- | 2024 || W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |} ===== ITF Singles ===== ''' 2020 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 2 || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anna Zarycka || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Lara Salden || 0–6, 6–2, 2–6 |- | Melilla || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anastasia Charaeva || 3–6, 3–6 |- | Monastir 9 || W15 || Hard || Second Round || Nina Stadler || 6–4, 6–7, 5–7 |} ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W15 Manacor || W15 || Hard || Final (Title) || Yvonne Cavalle-Reimers || 5–7, 6–1, 6–2 |- | W15 Manacor 2 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ylena In-Albon || 0–6, 3–6 |- | W15 Manacor 3 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Oksana Selekhmeteva || 2–6, 3–6 |- | W25 Grenoble || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Maja Chwalińska || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Manacor 4 || W25 || Hard || Second Round || Jana Fett || 6–4, 3–6, 5–7 |- | W15 Manacor 5 || W15 || Hard || First Round || Simona Waltert || 4–6, 6–2, 5–7 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || Second Round || Simona Waltert || 5–7, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Irene Burillo Escorihuela || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Madrid 2 || W25 || Hard || First Round || Andrea Lázaro García || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Milovice || W25 || Hard || First Round || Daria Astakhova || 2–6, 2–6 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Chiang Rai || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Luksika Kumkhum || 6–4, 6–2 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Erika Sema || 3–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Robbe || 6–7(3), 3–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Final || Marina Bassols Ribera || 4–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W60 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessika Ponchet || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 El Espinar || W25 || Hard || Semifinals || Eva Guerrero Alvarez || 2–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W100 Grodzisk Mazowiecki || W100 || Hard || First Round || Katharina Hobgarski || 4–6, 3–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Katarzyna Kawa || 6–2, 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Rancho Santa Fe || W80 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Marcela Zacarías || 2–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Hamburg || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Ysaline Bonaventure || 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Semifinals || Ysaline Bonaventure || 1–6, 6–3, 3–6 |- | W100 Shrewsbury || W100 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Maia Lumsden || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Yecla || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Valentina Ryser || 6–3, 7–5 |- | W25 Roehampton || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Arina Rodionova || 6–2, 6–3 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || Final || Destanee Aiava || 6–3, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || Final || Océane Dodin || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Final (Title) || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || 6–4, 6–4 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 6–4, 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Takasaki || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Mananchaya Sawangkaew || 6–4, 1–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Cary || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Renata Zarazúa || 6–3, 4–6, 3–6 |- | W100 Landisville || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Olivia Gadecki || 1–6, 6–0, 3–6 |- | W75 Porto || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna Bondar || 4–6, 7–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Trnava 1 || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anastasia Gureva || 2–6, 6–3, 6–7 |- | W75 Trnava 2 || W75 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Martincová || 6–3, 4–6, 6–7 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Second Round || Mona Barthel || 6–4, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Zagreb || W75 || Clay || First Round || Tena Lukas || 5–7, 6–3, 4–6 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || First Round || Selena Janicijevic || 3–6, 1–6 |- | W50 Indore || W50 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 4–6, 7–6, 2–6 |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Darja Semenistaja || 6–7, 0–6 |} ===== ITF Doubles ===== ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Madrid || W25 || Hard || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || Quarterfinals || Olivia Tjandramulia / Ashley Lahey || 5–7, 6–4, 6–10 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Oksana Selekhmeteva || Final || Justina Mikulskytė / Oana Simion || 3–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Manacor || W25 || Hard || Elsa Jacquemot || Quarterfinals || Olga Parres Azcoitia / Aurora Zantedeschi || 6–2, 4–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Macon || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Audrey Albie / Aubane Droguet || 4–6, 2–6 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 1 || W25 || Hard || Indy De Vroome || First Round || Patcharin Cheapchandej / Punnin Kovapitukted || 6–4, 5–7, 6–10 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Kyōka Okamura || Quarterfinals || Pimrada Jattavapornvanit / Gozal Ainitdinova || 6–4, 7–6(4), 2–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Olga Helmi / Adithya Karunaratne || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Liang En-shuo || Quarterfinals || Tímea Babos / Valeria Savinykh || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Palma del Río || W25 || Clay || Marina Bassols Ribera || Semifinals || Valeria Savinykh / Fanny Stollár || 2–6, 0–6 |- | W25 Corroios-Seixal || W25 || Hard || Lizette Cabrera || Quarterfinals || Justina Mikulskytė / Hong Yi Cody Wong || 5–7, 4–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Annaëlle Robbe || Second Round || Madison Brengle || 6–3, 6–7, 6–10 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Petra Marcinko || Quarterfinals || Miriam Skoch / Markéta Vondroušová || 5–7, 2–6 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W60 Trnava 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 4–6, 1–6 |- | W60 Chiasso || W60 || Clay || — || First Round || Beatrice Gumulya / Anna Sisková || 3–6, 6–4, 11–13 |- | W25 Zaragoza || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Alana Parnaby / Victoria Rodríguez || 6–4, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 5–7, 6–1, 9–11 |- | W60 Barcelona || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–4, 3–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Roehampton 2 || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Talia Gibson / Petra Hule || 1–6, 5–7 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Erina Hayashi / Saki Imamura || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W100 Tokyo 2 || W100 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 0–6, 7–5, 6–10 |- | W60 Glasgow 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Freya Christie / Olivia Gadecki || — |- | W60 Nantes || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Ekaterina Maklakova / Ekaterina Reyngold || 6–1, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Danielle Collins / Isabelle Haverlag || 2–6, 4–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Darja Semeņistaja || Final (Title) || Naiktha Bains / Fanny Stollár || 7–6(8), 6–3 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Maia Lumsden / Jessika Ponchet || 7–5, 7–6(4) |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Lia Karatancheva / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–3, 2–6, 10–4 |- | W75 Porto 3 || W75 || Hard || Alicia Barnett || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Friedsam / Aliccia Barnett || 3–6, 4–6 |- | W75 Trnava || W75 || Hard || Zeynep Sönmez || Semifinals || Lulu Sun / Moyuka Uchijima || 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Valentini Grammatikopoulou || Quarterfinals || Isabelle Haverlag / Erika Pridankina || 7–5, 4–6, 3–10 |} === WTA and WTA 125 tournaments === ==== 2021 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Court !! Category !! Opponent !! Round !! Score |- | Miami Open || Hard || WTA 1000 || Viktória Hrunčáková || Qualifying 1 || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca) || Clay || WTA 250 || Mayar Sherif || Second Round || 2–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2022 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Category !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Madison Brengle || 2–6, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Qualifying 1 || Anna Bondár || 0–6, 0–6 |} ==== 2023 ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Misaki Doi || 6–4, 1–6, 3–6 |- | Thailand Open (Hua Hin) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Irina-Camelia Begu || 2–6, 5–7 |- | Mutua Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Tatjana Maria || 1–6, 1–6 |- | Japan Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Himari Sakatsume (Q) || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (3) || 3–6, 0–6 |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Elise Mertens (2) || 5–7, 0–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Cristina Bucșa / Bibiane Schoofs || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2024 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Rebecca Peterson (18) || 2–6, 5–7 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Qualifying 3 || Julia Riera (2) || 6–4, 6–7, 4–6 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Qualifying 3 || Lulu Sun (23) || 6–7, 5–7 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 3 || Elena-Gabriela Ruse (20) || 6–3, 1–6, 4–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Emiliana Arango || 6–2, 5–7, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Sorana Cîrstea (27) || 3–6, 7–6, 4–6 |- | Wuhan Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Kateřina Siniaková || 3–6, 1–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Magda Linette || 6–7, 1–6 |- | Guadalajara Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Priscilla Hon || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Jiangxi Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (1) || 5–7, 6–7 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Bernarda Pera || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Qualifying 2 || Ena Shibahara || 7–6, 0–6, 2–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Céline Naef (5) || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Tatjana Maria (4) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Polish Open (Warsaw) || WTA 125 || Hard || First Round || Isabella Shinikova || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Veneto Open (Gaiba) || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Sara Errani (4) || 0–6, 6–7 |- | Makarska Open || WTA 125 || Clay || First Round || Maria Timofeeva (Q) || 6–1, 3–6, 2–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Laura Pigossi || Semifinals || Kaylah McP / Astra Sharma || 6–7(1), 3–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Taylah Preston || First Round || Valeria Lepchenko / Anna Falei || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Polish Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Daniela Semenistaja || Quarterfinals || Weronika Falkowska / Martyna Kubka || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Kimberly Birrell || Quarterfinals || Katarzyna Piter / Fanny Stollar || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || En Shuo Liang || Quarterfinals || Giuliana Olmos / Alexandra Panova || 1–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2025 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Jana Fett (133) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Singapore Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Simona Waltert (179) || 3–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessica Pegula (4) || 6–7, 7–5, 3–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Second Round || Iga Świątek (2) || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Marta Kostyuk (27) || 0–6, 1–6 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || First Round || Emiliana Arango (85) || 0–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- |Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová || 5-7, 7-6(5), 1-6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || First Round || Magda Linette (31) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Eastbourne Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Finals (RunnerUp) || Maya Joint || 4–6, 6–1, 6–7 (10–12) |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || First Round || Barbora Krejčíková (16) || 6–3, 2–6, 1–6 |- | National Bank Open (Montreal) || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Markéta Vondroušová (63) || 6–3, 1–6, 2–6 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Second Round || Cristina Bucșa (95) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | São Paulo Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Janice Tjen (130) || 4–6, 1–6 |- | China Open (Wuhan) || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Moyuka Uchijima (91) || 4–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | Japan Women's Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Valentová (78) || 1–6, 2–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Claire Liu (305) || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | Hong Kong Tennis Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Second Round || Victoria Mboko (21) || 6–3, 3–6, 4–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Shuai Wei (134) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Mai Hontama (166) || 6–7, 2–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Second Round || Panna Udvardy (137) || 6–7, 4–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová (152) || 5–7, 7–6, 1–6 |- | Ilkley Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Rebecca Marino (107) || 6–1, 0–6, 6–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Champion || Panna Udvardy (134) || 1–6, 7–5, 6–3 |- | Jingshan Tennis Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Lulu Sun (146) || 6–3, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Suzhou Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Viktorija Golubic (70) || 6–2, 2–6, 6–7 |} '''Withdrawals''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Reason |- | Cincinnati Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Shoulder injury |- | Monterrey Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Shoulder injury |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Nadiia Kichenok || Semifinals || Katarzyna Piter / Janice Tjen || 7–6(4), 3–6, 5–10 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Coco Gauff || Quarterfinals || Jasmine Paolini / Sara Errani || 5–7, 6–3, 7–10 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Renata Zarazúa || Second Round || Olga Danilović / Anastasia Potapova || 1–6, 3–6 |- | Hong Kong Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Chan Hao‑ching || First Round || Kamilla Rakhimova / Aliaksandra Sasnovich || 6–3, 1–6, 7–10 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Eva Lys || First Round || Ingrid Gamarra Martins / Quinn Gleason || 4–6, 2–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Rebeka Masarova || First Round || Storm Hunter / Ellen Perez || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Tsao Chia‑yi || First Round || Amina Anshba / Elena Pridankina || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Katie Volynets || First Round || Carmen Corley / Olivia Gadecki || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2026 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Semifinals || Wang Xinyu || 7–5, 5–7, 6–4 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || First Round || Alycia Parks || 6–0, 3–6, 2–6 |- | Philippines Womens Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals|| Camila Osorio || 4-6, 4-6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ekaterina Alexandrova|| 3-6, 3-6 |- | Qatar Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round|| Tereza Valentová|| 6-7 (6), 1-6 |- |Dubai Tennis Championships |WTA 1000 |Hard |Quarterfinals |Coco Gauff |0-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Linda Noskova |2-6, 0-6 |- |Miami Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Karolína Muchová |0-6,2-6 |- |Linz Open |WTA 500 |Clay |Second Round |Jelena Ostapenko |4-6, 5-7 |- |Stuttgart Open |WTA 500 |Clay | First Round | Leylah Fernandez | 1-6, 4-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Second Round |Elise Mertens |2-6, 1-6 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Third Round |Elena Rybakina |4-6, 3-6 |- |Strasbourg International |WTA 500 |Clay |First Round |Oleksandra Oliynykova |6-3, 5-7, 3-6 |- |French Open |Grand Slam |Clay |First Round |Iva Jovic |4-6, 2-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Second Round |Alina Charaeva | |- |HSBC Championships |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Berlin Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Bad Homburg Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Wimbledon |Grand Slam |Grass | | | |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Iva Jovic || Semifinals || Xu Yifan / Yang Zhaoxuan || 5–7, 3–6 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Ingrid Martins || First Round || Shuko Aoyama / Magda Linette || 6–7(3), 6–2, 3–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Janice Tjen|| Semifinals|| Tereza Mihalíková / Olivia Nicholls|| 4-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Iva Jovic |First Round |Hailey Baptiste / Jelena Ostapenko |2-6, 2-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Zeynep Sönmez |Second Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |1-6, 5-7 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Hailey Baptiste |First Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |2-6, 1-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Nikola Bartůňková |First Round |Harriet Dart / Maia Lumsden |4-6, 6-2, 9-11 |- |} == Taunang ranggo ng WTA == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ ! Taon !! Isahan !! Dalawahan |- | 2021 || 529 || 780 |- | 2022 || 219 || 594 |- | 2023 || 205 || 436 |- | 2024 || 158 || 239 |- | 2025 || 50 || 161 |} Pinagmulan: Opisyal na Profile ni Alex Eala sa WTA<ref name=":63" /> == Estilo ng Paglalaro == Si Eala ay isang agresibong baseliner na gumagamit ng forehand at matatag na backhand upang kontrolin ang rally. Bilang kaliwete, nakalilikha siya ng mabigat na topspin at kilala sa mahusay na return game. Ang kanyang pangunahing kahinaan ay ang serve, na kulang sa bilis at variety, kahit mas epektibo siya sa hard courts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caramoan |first=Miguel Alfonso |date=January 19, 2026 |title=What’s next for Alex Eala after 2026 Australian Open first-round exit? |url=https://www.espn.ph/tennis/story/_/id/47658308/what-next-alex-eala-2026-australian-open-first-round-exit |website=ESPN |language=en|access-date=January 24, 2026}}</ref> Nakamit na niya ang semifinals ng WTA 1000 at tinalo ang tatlong major champions sa [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|2025 Miami Open]].<ref name=":Gulf">{{Cite web |title=What Alexandra Eala Needs to Win Titles and Beat Top Players |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/what-alexandra-eala-needs-to-win-titles-and-beat-top-players-1.500440043 |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Gulf News}}</ref> Ayon sa mga analyst, kailangan niyang palakasin ang serve, dagdagan ang variety, at patatagin ang kondisyon upang makipagsabayan sa pinakamalalaking titulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2026 |title=Alex Eala told where she can improve: Martina Navratilova offers advice |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/alex-eala-told-where-she-can-improve-martina-navratilova-offers-advice |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> === Pagganap ni Eala Laban sa mga Top 20 na Manlalaro === {| class="wikitable" ! Kategorya !! Estadistika !! Konteksto |- | Aces || 21 || Mas umaasa sa placement kaysa sa lakas |- | Double Faults || 77 || Mataas ang bilang, isyu sa consistency |- | First Serve % || 64.9% || Matibay na pagiging maaasahan |- | First Serve Points Won || 60.9% || Mas mababa kaysa sa average ng Top 10 (~70%) |- | Second Serve Points Won || 47.2% || Madaling mabigo kapag nasa pressure |- | Break Points Saved || 52.7% || Katamtamang tibay |- | Service Points Won || 56.1% || Pangkalahatang bisa |- | Service Games Won || 64.1% || Nakakapag-hold ng serve ~2/3 ng oras |- | Return Points Won || 44.2% || Mas malakas kaysa sa serve stats |- | 1st Return Points Won || 36.7% || Nahihirapan laban sa malalakas mag-serve |- | 2nd Return Points Won || 56.4% || Agresibo laban sa mahihinang serve |- | Break Points Converted || 42.5% || Mabisa kapag may pagkakataon |- | Return Games Won || 35.5% || Matatag na returner na nakakaistorbo |- | Dominance Ratio (DR) || 0.79 || Kompetitibo ngunit mas mababa sa elite (>1.0 karaniwan sa Top 10) |} Ang serve ni Eala ay gumagana ngunit hindi nakakapangibabaw. Ang mataas na bilang ng double fault at katamtamang tagumpay sa first serve ay pumipigil sa kanya na kontrolin ang laro. Gayunpaman, ang kanyang return game ay malinaw na lakas—lalo na laban sa second serves kung saan nananalo siya ng higit sa kalahati ng mga puntos. Sa dominance ratio na 0.79, mas mababa siya sa antas ng elite ngunit ipinapakita na kaya niyang makipagsabayan sa mas mataas na ranggo. Ang pagpapabuti sa pagiging maaasahan ng serve ang maaaring maging susi upang mapalapit siya sa Top 10. === Mahahalagang Laban === {| class="wikitable" ! Petsa !! Torneo !! Kalaban !! Ranggo !! Resulta !! Tala |- | Mar 2025 || Miami QF || [[Iga Świątek]] || #2 || '''Panalo 6–2, 7–5''' || Breakthrough win laban sa World No. 1 |- | Mar 2025 || Miami R32 || [[Madison Keys]] || #5 || '''Panalo 6–4, 6–3''' || Unang panalo laban sa Top 10 |- | Mar 2025 || Miami SF || [[Jessica Pegula]] || #4 || Talo 6–7, 7–5, 3–6 || Dikdikang 3-set na laban |- | May 2025 || Madrid R32 || [[Iga Świątek]] || #1 || Talo 3–6, 2–6 || Naging 1–1 ang kanilang tunggalian |- | Aug 2025 || US Open R128 || [[Clara Tauson]] || #14 || '''Panalo 6–3, 2–6, 7–6(11)''' || Makasaysayang debut win sa Grand Slam |- | Jul 2025 || Wimbledon R64 || [[Barbora Krejčíková]] || #16 || Talo 4–6, 2–6 || Unang Wimbledon main draw |- | Feb 2026 || Dubai R32 || [[Jasmine Paolini]] || #6 || '''Panalo 6–1, 7–6(5)''' || Pinakabagong panalo laban sa Top 10 |- | Feb 2026 || Dubai QF || [[Coco Gauff]] || #3 || Talo 0–6, 2–6 || Mabigat na pagkatalo |} May apat na malinaw na panalo si Eala laban sa mga Top 20 na kalaban, laban sa pitong pagkatalo. Ang straight‑set na tagumpay niya laban kay Świątek sa Miami 2025 ang nananatiling pinakamahalagang breakthrough, habang ang mga panalo laban kina Keys, Tauson, at Paolini ay nagpapatunay na kaya niyang umangat sa mahihirap na laban. Ang mga pagkatalo kina Pegula, Gauff, at Krejčíková ay nagpapakita ng inconsistency na kailangan pa niyang lampasan. Sa edad na 21, napatunayan na niyang kaya niyang talunin ang pinakamagagaling. Ang hamon ngayon ay kung paano mapapanatili ang antas na iyon sa iba’t ibang torneo. Sa pagpapabuti ng kanyang serve, may pundasyon na siya upang maging regular na Grand Slam contender.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennis Abstract: Alexandra Eala vs. Top 20 Players |url=https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=ACareerqqITop_20qqv1 |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=Tennis Abstract}}</ref> == Ibang larangan == === Pambansang koponan === Kinatawan ni Eala ang [[Pilipinas]] sa mga internasyonal na torneo. Nagwagi siya ng mga medalya sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2021_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2021]] (pilak sa singles, team, at mixed doubles) at sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2022_Asian_Games|Asian Games 2022]] (pilak sa singles at mixed doubles).<ref name=":7">{{cite news |last1=Carandang |first1=Justin Kenneth |date=May 20, 2022 |title=Tennis ace Alex Eala settles for bronze in women's singles |work=[[GMA News]] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/sports/othersports/832339/tennis-ace-alex-eala-settles-for-bronze-in-women-s-singles/story/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 25, 2025}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite news |last=Payo |first=Jasmine |date=September 29, 2023 |title=Alex Eala bags 2nd Asian Games bronze with Alcantara in doubles |language=en-US |work=[[Rappler]] |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/tennis-semifinal-results-mixed-doubles-alex-eala-francis-casey-alcantara-asian-games-september-29-2023/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 10, 2025}}</ref> Noong 2024, pinangunahan niya ang koponan sa 5–0 panalo sa Group II ng Billie Jean King Cup qualifiers, na nag-angat sa Pilipinas sa Group I.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Luisa |date=December 2, 2024 |title=Alex Eala relishes leading Team Philippines to BJK Cup promotion in Bahrain |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/26898/alex-eala-relishes-leading-team-philippines-to-bjk-cup-promotion-in-bahrain |url-status=live |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=One Sports |language=en}}</ref> Sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2025_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2025]], nakamit niya ang ginto sa women's singles at tanso sa mixed doubles at team events.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=December 18, 2025 |title=Alex Eala wins SEA Games tennis gold, ends long drought for PH|url=https://sports.inquirer.net/655069/alex-eala-wins-sea-games-tennis-gold-ends-long-drought-for-ph |access-date=December 18, 2025 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref> ===Mga Eksibisyon na Laro=== ====Singles: 1 (titles)==== {|class="wikitable" !Resulta !{{ns}}Petsa{{ns}} !Torneo !Uri ng Korte !Kalaban !Iskor |- |Panalo | Enero 2026 |[[:en:Kooyong_Classic|Kooyong Classic]], Melbourne, Australia |Matigas na Korte |[[:en:Donna Vekić|Donna Vekić]] |6–3, 6–4 |} === Mga sponsorship === Simula pagkabata, sinuportahan si Eala ng [[:en:Globe_Telecom|Globe Telecom]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 25, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Opens Up About Life |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/about-us/newsroom/corporate/alex-eala-meet-and-greet}}</ref> at kalaunan ay nagkaroon ng mga endorsement mula sa [[:en:Babolat|Babolat]], [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]], at [[:en:Bank_of_the_Philippine_Islands|BPI]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Champ’s choice: Alex Eala signs up as BPI’s newest endorser|url=https://bilyonaryo.com/2023/01/25/champs-choice-alex-eala-signs-up-as-bpis-newest-endorser/money/}}</ref> bago naging brand ambassador ng [[:en:Milo_(drink)|Milo]] noong 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2026 |title=MILO Active Pilipinas launched with Eala as new ambassador |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/milo-active-pilipinas-launched-with-eala-as-new-ambassador.html}}</ref> === Mga parangal === Walong beses nang kinilala si Eala ng [[:en:Philippine_Sportswriters_Association|Philippine Sportswriters Association]] sa [[:en:PSA_Annual_Awards|PSA Annual Awards]], kabilang ang paggawad sa kanya bilang ''Athlete of the Year'' noong 2026.<ref>Citations for Eala's PSA Annual Awards: *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 25, 2019 |title=Top PH athletes share limelight in PSA Awards 2019 |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/224351-philippine-athletes-sportswriters-association-awards-2019/ |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Gionco |first=Mark |date=February 29, 2020 |title=PH tennis rising star Alex Eala to be feted at PSA Awards |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/387640/ph-tennis-rising-star-alex-eala-to-be-feted-at-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=March 12, 2021 |title=PSA to honor tennis star Eala, boxing champs Casimero, Taduran |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/3/12/psa-to-honor-tennis-star-eala-boxing-champs-casimero-taduran |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 27, 2022 |title=Scribes fete world-class PH boxers |language=en |website=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/27/scribes-fete-world-class-ph-boxers/ |url-status=live |access-date=October 12, 2025 |archive-url= |archive-date=}} *{{Cite news |date=February 12, 2023 |title=PSA Awards: Young Alex Eala to be recognized with President's Award |language=en-US |website=Tiebreaker Times |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/psa-awards-young-alex-eala-to-be-recognized-with-presidents-award/261823 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 10, 2023 |title=Eala recipient of PSA Prexy Awards |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2023/02/10/2243942/eala-recipient-psa-prexy-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=January 24, 2024 |title=Alex Eala, Tots Carlos to be recognized in PSA Awards |website=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/01/15/24/alex-eala-tots-carlos-to-be-recognized-in-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Malanum |first=Jean |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala tops PSA achievers for September |language=en |website=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1260619 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala leads PSA's September honorees |language=en |website=SunStar Publishing Inc. |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/sports/eala-leads-psas-september-honorees |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 17, 2026 |title=Alex Eala hails PSA Athlete of the Year award a proof of PH tennis' rise |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/people/athletes/alex-eala-hails-athlete-of-year-award-proof-tennis-rise-philippines/ |access-date=February 17, 2026}}</ref> Noong 2021, isinama siya ng [[:en:Tatler_Asia|''Tatler Asia'']] sa talaan ng mga pinaka-maimpluwensiyang personalidad sa Asya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asia's Most Influential Philippines 2021 |url=https://www.tatlerasia.com/list/ami/ph?page=3&industry=all&region=ph&year=2021}}</ref> Noong Abril 2025, ginawaran si Eala ng ''Premios Tanglaw'' ng [[:en:Embassy_of_the_Philippines|Embahada ng Pilipinas]] sa Madrid bilang pagkilala sa kanyang ambag sa [[:en:Philippines–Spain_relations|ugnayan ng Pilipinas at Espanya]].<ref>{{cite news |date=April 2025 |title=Premios Tanglaw honoring Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/premios-tanglaw-eala}}</ref> Noong 2026, kinilala siya ng Forbes Asia bilang isa sa kanilang [[:en:Forbes_30_Under_30|30 Under 30]] sa kategoryang Libangan at Isports, dahil sa kanyang papel sa pag-angat ng Pilipinas sa pandaigdigang tennis.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Watson |first=Rana Wehbe |date=May 27, 2026 |title=30 Under 30 Asia’s Next Icons: The Gen Z Athletes And Music Artists Rewriting The Playbook |work=Forbes Asia |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ranawehbe/2026/05/27/30-under-30-asias-next-icons-the-gen-z-athletes-and-music-artists-rewriting-the-playbook/ |access-date=May 27, 2026}}</ref> ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} ==Mga panlabas na kawing== [https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/- Alexandra Eala Official WTA Page] [https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/s/overview/ Alexandra Eala Official ITF Women's World Tennis Page] [https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=v1 Alexandra Eala's Tennis Abstract page] [[:en:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on English Wikipedia (English)]] [https://tv-philippines.fandom.com/wiki/Alex_Eala Alexandra Eala on Fandom (English)] [[:simple:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on Simple Wikipedia]] fzmcpdlpucd5wnoo0rgy8b7dpiqgxyk 2210289 2210288 2026-06-04T01:49:39Z Tabilay 153890 /* Pagganap ni Eala Laban sa mga Top 20 na Manlalaro */ 2210289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}} Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' (ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Quezon City]]) ay isang Pilipinang manlalaro ng [[tenis]]. Siya ang pinakamataas na naitalang ranggong Pilipino sa WTA, na umabot sa world No. 29 noong Marso 16, 2026.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |last=Castillejo |first=Dyan |date=March 16, 2026 |title=Alex Eala rises to career-high World No. 29 |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/3/16/eala-rises-to-career-high-world-no-29-in-latest-wta-rankings-1032}}</ref> Nanalo siya ng mga junior Grand Slam: doubles sa 2020 Australian Open at 2021 French Open, at girls' singles sa 2022 US Open.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=September 10, 2022 |title=Eala captures US Open girls' singles crown |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/final-results-alex-eala-lucie-havlickova-us-open-september-10-2022/}}</ref> Sa pro circuit, mayroon siyang limang ITF singles at tatlong ITF doubles title. Noong 2025, umabot siya sa semifinals ng Miami Open, nag-final sa Eastbourne Open, at nagkampeon sa WTA 125 Guadalajara Open.<ref name=":63">{{Cite web |title=WTA: Alexandra Eala |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/alexandra-eala/matches#main-content |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox tennis biography |name = Alexandra Eala |image = Ealas and Patrick Gregorio (cropped Alexandra Eala).jpg |image_upright = .8 |caption = Eala at the [[:en:2025 SEA Games|2025 SEA Games]] |fullname = Alexandra Maniego Eala |country = {{PHI}} |residence = [[Metro Manila]], Philippines<br>[[Mallorca]], Spain |birth_date = {{birth date and age|2005|5|23}} |birth_place = [[Quezon City]], Philippines |height = {{height|m=1.75}} |turnedpro = March 2020 |plays = Left-handed (two-handed backhand) |coach = Joan Bosch<br> Alexandro Viaene<br>Lluc Bauza (Fitness Coach) |careerprizemoney = US 1,997,574 |singlesrecord = {{tennis record|won=212|lost=130}} |singlestitles = 0 |highestsinglesranking = No. 29 (March 16, 2026) |currentsinglesranking = No. 37 (May 25, 2026) |doublesrecord = {{tennis record|won=48|lost=46}} |doublestitles = 0 |highestdoublesranking = No. 88 (May 4, 2026) |currentdoublesranking = No. 116 (May 25, 2026) |updated = May 25, 2026 |AustralianOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's singles|2025]],[[:en:2026 French Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |Wimbledonresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles|2025]]) |USOpenresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 US Open – Women's singles|2025]]) |AustralianOpenDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's doubles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenDoublesresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's doubles|2025]]) |WimbledonDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles|2025]]) | medaltemplates-expand = no | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry |the {{PHI}}}} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the SEA Games|SEA Games]]}} {{MedalGold | 2025 Thailand | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Team }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Team }} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}} {{MedalBronze | 2022 Hangzhou | Singles }} {{MedalBronze|2022 Hangzhou|Mixed doubles}} }} == Maagang buhay == Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' ay ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Lungsod Quezon]], Pilipinas, kina Michael Eala (business executive)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jara-Puyod |first1=Mariecar |title=‘Eala’s grit, humility and passion have captured every Filipino’s heart,' says Philippine Ambassador Alfonso Ver |url=https://www.gulftoday.ae/sport/2026/02/20/ealas-grit-humility-and-passion-have-captured-every-filipinos-heart-says-philippine-ambassador-alfonso-ver |website=Gulf Today |publisher=Gulf Today |access-date=26 March 2026}}</ref> at [[:en:Rizza_Maniego-Eala|Rosemarie Maniego-Eala]], dating CFO ng [[Globe Telecom]] (hanggang 2024) at dating pambansang manlalangoy na nagwagi ng tansong medalya sa [[:en:1985_SEA_Games|1985 SEA Games]]. Ang kanyang mga tiyuhin ay sina [[:en:Noli_Eala|Noli Eala]] (dating chairperson ng [[:en:Philippine_Sports_Commission|Philippine Sports Commission]] at commissioner ng [[Philippine Basketball Association]])<ref name="Philstar">{{cite news |last1=Acebuche |first1=Yoniel |title=Alex Eala: What to know about the tennis phenom making history on the court |url=https://www.philstarlife.com/celebrity/828326-what-to-know-alex-eala |access-date=August 28, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]] |date=March 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cordero |first=Abac |date=August 30, 2022 |title=Noli Eala named new Philippine Sports Commission chairman |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2022/08/30/2206206/noli-eala-named-new-philippine-sports-commission-chairman |access-date=November 5, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]]}}</ref> at si Rhett Eala (fashion designer).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tunac |first1=Hermes Joy |title=Alex Eala reveals uncle Rhett Eala designed the elegant Filipiniana she wore at Laureus Awards 2026 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/shoppingandfashion/985027/alex-eala-reveals-uncle-rhett-eala-designed-the-elegant-filipiniana-she-wore-at-laureus-awar/story/ |work=[[GMA News]] |date=April 23, 2026}}</ref> Ang nakatatanda niyang kapatid na si Michael Francis “Miko” Eala ay naglaro ng tennis para sa [[:en:Penn_State_Nittany_Lions|Penn State]] mula 2020 hanggang 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |author1=Castillejo, Dyan |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Filipino athletes graduate as part of Penn State's class of 2024 |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/2024/5/6/filipino-athletes-graduate-as-part-of-penn-state-s-class-of-2024-1839 |work=[[ABS-CBN News]]}}</ref><ref name="PEP2">{{Cite news |last1=Bravo |date=March 27, 2025 |title=Who is Alex Eala, Pinoy tennis player at 2025 Miami Open? |url=https://www.pep.ph/peptionary/186040/alex-eala-a5128-20250327 |website=Philippine Entertainment Portal}}</ref> Nagsimulang maglaro si Eala ng tennis sa edad na apat, matapos ipakilala ng kanyang lolo sa ina na si Roberto Maniego, na siya rin ang una niyang coach.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hilotin |title=Alex Eala: Rapid rise in tennis rankings, what's next? |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/alex-eala-rapid-rise-in-tennis-rankings-whats-next-1.500248201 |work=[Gulf News |date=August 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 30, 2022 |title=The rise of Alexandra Eala making headlines in the Philippines and beyond |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2921343/alexandra-eala |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Payo |date=August 31, 2025 |title=Alex Eala and the guts to be first |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-guts-first-philippine-tennis/ |work=[[Rappler]]}}</ref> Nag-aral siya sa Immaculate Conception Academy sa [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]] at [[:en:Colegio_San_Agustin_–_Makati|Colegio San Agustin]] sa [[Makati]], bago lumipat sa [[:en:Rafa_Nadal_Academy|Rafa Nadal Academy]] sa [[:en:Manacor|Manacor]], Espanya, kung saan siya nagtapos noong 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mina |title=How Alex Eala became a world-class tennis champion |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/10/22/22/what-it-took-for-alex-eala-to-become-a-tennis-world-champ |work=[[ABS-CBN News]] |date=October 22, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 19, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Biography: Acing Her Path to the Tennis Court |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/blog/alex-eala-journey-to-pro |website=[[Globe Telecom|Globe]]}}</ref> == Personal na buhay == Paborito ni Eala ang [[:en:Kaldereta|kaldereta]] at mas gusto niya ang [[matcha]] kaysa kape.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mina |first=Inna |date=3 Pebrero 2026 |title=Ikaw ba ay tao ng Kare-Kare? Ang ranggo ni Alex Eala sa pagkaing Pilipino ay maaaring ikagulat mo |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/40770/are-you-a-kare-kare-person-alex-eala-filipino-food-rankings-might-surprise-you |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=One Sports |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Castillejo |first1=Dyan |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala at mga kapwa propesyonal ang kanilang personalidad sa labas ng korte sa Players Box Podcast |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/4/1/alex-eala-joins-fellow-players-on-the-players-box-podcast-0007 |website=ABS-CBN Sports |publisher=ABS-CBN Network |access-date=31 Marso 2026}}</ref> Multilingual siya at nagsasalita ng Ingles, Kastila, at [[Wikang Tagalog|Tagalog]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Futterman |first1=Matthew |title=Bumalik si Alex Eala sa Miami Open, kung saan nagsimula ang isang pangarap na nagpasiklab ng fenomeno sa tennis |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7124102/2026/03/19/tennis-alex-eala-philippines-miami-open/ |website=The Athletic |publisher=The New York Times |access-date=25 Marso 2026}}</ref> Itinuturing niya ang [[:en:Wimbledon_Championships|Wimbledon]] bilang paborito niyang Grand Slam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=3 Hulyo 2025 |title='Living my dream': Nagdiwang si Alex Eala sa makasaysayang Wimbledon stint |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-revels-historic-wimbledon-stint-2025/ |access-date=3 Hulyo 2025 |website=Rappler |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 Disyembre 2025 |title=Vogue Rapid-Fire interview kay Alex Eala |url=https://www.instagram.com/reels/DSoxP5lk1bS/ |access-date=24 Disyembre 2025 |website=Instagram |language=tl}}</ref> Binanggit niya si [[Maria Sharapova]] bilang impluwensya sa kanyang istilo ng laro at nakapagsanay na siya kasama si [[Rafael Nadal]] at ang kapatid niyang si Miko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atencio |first=Peter |date=19 Hulyo 2025 |title=Ang impluwensya ni Sharapova ang nagtutulak sa agresibong laro ni Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/sports-plus/314618107/sharapovas-influence-drives-alex-ealas-aggressive-game.html |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Manila Standard |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=20 Nobyembre 2025 |title=Naglaro si Alex Eala kasama si Rafael Nadal |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/649046/alex-eala-trains-with-rafael-nadal-in-his-return-to-court |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Inquirer |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 Agosto 2025 |title=Bago ang malalaking tao, palaging nasa tabi ni Alex Eala ang kanyang kapatid na si Miko |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/get-to-know-alex-eala-older-brother-and-avid-supporter-miko-a6035-20250827 |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> Pagkatapos ng kanyang breakout sa 2025 Miami Open, lumawak ang kanyang kasikatan sa Pilipinas at sa mga [[:en:Overseas_Filipinos_Filipino_diaspora|komunidad ng Pilipino sa ibayong dagat]], na inihalintulad ng ilang komentarista sa impluwensya ni [[Manny Pacquiao]]. Ayon sa mamamahayag at dating manlalaro ng tennis na si [[:en:Dyan_Castillejo|Dyan Castillejo]], tinatrato na siya ng mga tagahanga “na para bang nanalo na siya ng Grand Slam.” Nakatulong din ang paggamit niya ng Tagalog sa pagpapalakas ng ugnayan sa mga tagasuporta, at ang kanyang pag-angat ay nagpasiklab ng bagong interes sa tennis sa bansa. Inihambing din ng mga analista ang epekto niya sa paglawak ng tennis sa mga pigura tulad nina [[:en:Li_Na|Li Na]] at [[:en:Ons_Jabeur|Ons Jabeur]].<ref name=":0" /> Mas naging palakaibigan si Eala sa tour at nakabuo ng mga sumusuportang pagkakaibigan kina [[:en:Iva_Jović|Iva Jović]], [[:en:Zeynep_Sonmez|Zeynep Sonmez]], [[:en:Victoria_Mboko|Victoria Mboko]], [[:en:Eva_Lys|Eva Lys]], [[:en:Leylah_Fernandez|Leylah Fernandez]], at [[:en:Lizette_Cabrera|Lizette Cabrera]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reyes |first=Kate |date=9 Marso 2026 |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala ang mga kaibigan na kanyang nakilala sa kanyang batang karera sa WTA |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/alex-eala-bares-friends-she-has-made-in-her-young-wta-career-a6035-20260309 |access-date=9 Marso 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> ==Karera== ===Junior na Taon=== Nagtagumpay si Eala sa junior circuit, kabilang ang kanyang mga panalo sa singles sa [[:en:2022_US_Open_–_Girls'_singles|US Open]] at mga titulo sa doubles sa [[:en:2020_Australian_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|Australian Open]] at [[:en:2021_French_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|French Open]].<ref name=":63" /> === Propesyonal === ==== ITF tour ==== Mula sa kanyang mga junior na karera, lumipat si Eala sa [[:en:ITF_Women's_World_Tennis_Tour|ITF circuit]], kung saan unti-unti niyang pinagtibay ang kanyang rekord. Mula 2021 hanggang 2024, nakamit niya ang anim na titulo sa singles, kabilang ang torneo na [[:en:2024_Open_Araba_en_Femenino_–_Singles|W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz]]. Sa doubles, nagwagi siya ng tatlong titulo noong 2024, kasama sina [[:en:Darja_Semeņistaja|Darja Semeņistaja]] at [[:en:Estelle_Cascino|Estelle Cascino]].<ref name=":63" /> ====WTA Tour==== Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa [[:en:WTA_Tour|WTA Tour]] noong 2021 sa kanyang unang pagsabak sa [[:en:2021_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], kung saan nabigo siyang makalusot sa qualifying. Lumahok din siya sa [[:en:2021_Winners_Open_–_Singles|Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca)]], ngunit natigil sa ikalawang yugto.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2022, muling naglaro si Eala sa [[:en:2022_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] ngunit natanggal sa unang yugto. Sinubukan din niyang makapasok sa [[:en:2022_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], subalit nabigo siya sa qualifying.<ref name=":63" /> Pagsapit ng 2023, sumabak siya sa [[:en:2023_Thailand_Open_–_Singles|Thailand Open (Hua Hin)]], [[:en:2023_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2023_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2023_Japan_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Japan Women’s Open (Osaka)]], [[:en:2023_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], at [[:en:2023_Jasmin_Open_–_Singles|Jasmin Open (Monastir, Tunisia)]], ngunit hindi siya nakalusot sa unang yugto ng mga nasabing torneo.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2024_Veneto_Open_–_Singles|Veneto Open (Italy)]] bago mapatigil ni [[:en:Sara_Errani|Sara Errani]]. Gayunman, karamihan sa kanyang kampanya ay nauwi sa maagang pagkatanggal sa mga torneo tulad ng [[:en:2024_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2024_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2024_Wuhan_Open_–_Singles|Wuhan Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], [[:en:2024_Guadalajara_Open_Akron_–_Singles|Guadalajara Akron Open]], [[:en:2024_Ningbo_Open_–_Singles|Ningbo Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Jiangxi_Open_–_Singles|Jiangxi Open (Jiujiang, China)]], [[:en:2024_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Nottingham_Open_–_Women's_singles|Nottingham Open]], [[:en:2024_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra International]], [[:en:2024_Polish_Open_–_Singles|Polish Open (Warsaw)]], at [[:en:2024_Makarska_International_Championships_–_Singles|Makarska Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, nakarating siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] bago mapigilan ni [[:en:Jessica_Pegula|Jessica Pegula]]. Sa damuhan, umabot siya sa final ng [[:en:2025_Eastbourne_Open_–_Women's_singles|Eastbourne Open]] at nagtapos bilang runner-up kay [[:en:Maya_Joint|Maya Joint]]. Nakamit din niya ang kanyang unang titulo sa Challenger/125 level sa [[:en:2025_Guadalajara_125_Open_–_Singles|Guadalajara 125 Open]], at umabot sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra Open]], [[:en:2025_Jingshan_Tennis_Open_–_Women's_singles|Jingshan Open (China)]], at [[:en:2025_Suzhou_WTA_125_–_Singles|Suzhou Open]]. Gayunpaman, hindi siya nagtagumpay sa [[:en:2025_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]], [[:en:2025_National_Bank_Open_–_Women's_singles|Canadian Open]], at [[:en:2025_Hong_Kong_Tennis_Open_–_Singles|Hong Kong Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nakapasok siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2026_ASB_Classic_–_Women's_singles|ASB Classic (Auckland)]] at [[:en:2026_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], at umabot din sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2026_Philippine_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Philippines Women’s Open]] at [[:en:2026_Dubai_Tennis_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Dubai Tennis Championships]]. Nakarating siya sa ika-apat na yugto ng [[:en:2026_BNP_Paribas_Open_–_Women's_singles|Indian Wells Open]] at [[:en:2026_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]]. Sa luwad, umabot siya sa ikatlong yugto ng [[:en:2026_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]] bago natalo kay [[:en:Elena_Rybakina|Elena Rybakina]], ngunit nabigo sa unang yugto ng [[:en:2026_Qatar_TotalEnergies_Open_–_Singles|Qatar Open]], [[:en:2026_Porsche_Tennis_Grand_Prix_–_Singles|Stuttgart Open]], at [[:en:2026_Internationaux_de_Strasbourg_–_Singles|Strasbourg International]].<ref name=":63" /> === Grand Slam === Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa mga torneo ng Grand Slam noong 2023 sa kanyang unang mga pagsubok sa qualifying, kabilang ang laban niya kay [[:en:Misaki_Doi|Misaki Doi]] sa opening round ng [[:en:2023_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa final qualifying round sa lahat ng apat na major—[[:en:2024_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open]], [[:en:2024_French_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|French Open]], [[:en:2024_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Wimbledon]], at [[:en:2024_US_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|US Open]]—ngunit hindi pa rin siya nakapasok sa main draw.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, muling sumabak si Eala sa [[:en:2025_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]] ngunit natanggal. Gayunman, nakapasok siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2025_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|French Open]] at [[:en:2025_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Wimbledon]], kung saan kapwa siya natalo sa unang yugto. Sa [[:en:2025_US_Open_–_Women's_singles|US Open]], umabot siya sa ikalawang round bago magpaubaya kay [[:en:Cristina_Bucșa|Cristina Bucșa]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nag-debut siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2026_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Australian Open]] ngunit natalo sa unang round kay [[:en:Alycia_Parks|Alycia Parks]]. Sa [[:en:2026_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|Roland Garros]], natigil din ang kanyang kampanya sa opening round matapos matalo kay [[:en:Iva_Jovic|Iva Jovic]].<ref name=":63" /> <!-- ===Eala's Matches=== ---> == Mga laro ni Eala == === Juniors === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Singles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || R2 || R3 || A || A |- | French Open || A || SF || A || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || A || W |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Doubles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || A || W || A || A |- | French Open || A || A || W || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || SF || – |} === ITF Women's World Tour === ==== ITF Titles ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Tournament !! Category !! Event !! Partner |- | 2021 || W15 Manacor || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2022 || W25 Chiang Rai || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Yecla || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Roehampton || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W50 Pune || ITF || Doubles || Darja Semeņistaja |- | 2024 || W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |} ===== ITF Singles ===== ''' 2020 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 2 || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anna Zarycka || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Lara Salden || 0–6, 6–2, 2–6 |- | Melilla || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anastasia Charaeva || 3–6, 3–6 |- | Monastir 9 || W15 || Hard || Second Round || Nina Stadler || 6–4, 6–7, 5–7 |} ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W15 Manacor || W15 || Hard || Final (Title) || Yvonne Cavalle-Reimers || 5–7, 6–1, 6–2 |- | W15 Manacor 2 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ylena In-Albon || 0–6, 3–6 |- | W15 Manacor 3 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Oksana Selekhmeteva || 2–6, 3–6 |- | W25 Grenoble || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Maja Chwalińska || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Manacor 4 || W25 || Hard || Second Round || Jana Fett || 6–4, 3–6, 5–7 |- | W15 Manacor 5 || W15 || Hard || First Round || Simona Waltert || 4–6, 6–2, 5–7 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || Second Round || Simona Waltert || 5–7, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Irene Burillo Escorihuela || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Madrid 2 || W25 || Hard || First Round || Andrea Lázaro García || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Milovice || W25 || Hard || First Round || Daria Astakhova || 2–6, 2–6 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Chiang Rai || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Luksika Kumkhum || 6–4, 6–2 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Erika Sema || 3–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Robbe || 6–7(3), 3–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Final || Marina Bassols Ribera || 4–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W60 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessika Ponchet || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 El Espinar || W25 || Hard || Semifinals || Eva Guerrero Alvarez || 2–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W100 Grodzisk Mazowiecki || W100 || Hard || First Round || Katharina Hobgarski || 4–6, 3–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Katarzyna Kawa || 6–2, 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Rancho Santa Fe || W80 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Marcela Zacarías || 2–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Hamburg || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Ysaline Bonaventure || 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Semifinals || Ysaline Bonaventure || 1–6, 6–3, 3–6 |- | W100 Shrewsbury || W100 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Maia Lumsden || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Yecla || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Valentina Ryser || 6–3, 7–5 |- | W25 Roehampton || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Arina Rodionova || 6–2, 6–3 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || Final || Destanee Aiava || 6–3, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || Final || Océane Dodin || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Final (Title) || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || 6–4, 6–4 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 6–4, 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Takasaki || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Mananchaya Sawangkaew || 6–4, 1–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Cary || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Renata Zarazúa || 6–3, 4–6, 3–6 |- | W100 Landisville || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Olivia Gadecki || 1–6, 6–0, 3–6 |- | W75 Porto || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna Bondar || 4–6, 7–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Trnava 1 || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anastasia Gureva || 2–6, 6–3, 6–7 |- | W75 Trnava 2 || W75 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Martincová || 6–3, 4–6, 6–7 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Second Round || Mona Barthel || 6–4, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Zagreb || W75 || Clay || First Round || Tena Lukas || 5–7, 6–3, 4–6 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || First Round || Selena Janicijevic || 3–6, 1–6 |- | W50 Indore || W50 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 4–6, 7–6, 2–6 |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Darja Semenistaja || 6–7, 0–6 |} ===== ITF Doubles ===== ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Madrid || W25 || Hard || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || Quarterfinals || Olivia Tjandramulia / Ashley Lahey || 5–7, 6–4, 6–10 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Oksana Selekhmeteva || Final || Justina Mikulskytė / Oana Simion || 3–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Manacor || W25 || Hard || Elsa Jacquemot || Quarterfinals || Olga Parres Azcoitia / Aurora Zantedeschi || 6–2, 4–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Macon || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Audrey Albie / Aubane Droguet || 4–6, 2–6 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 1 || W25 || Hard || Indy De Vroome || First Round || Patcharin Cheapchandej / Punnin Kovapitukted || 6–4, 5–7, 6–10 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Kyōka Okamura || Quarterfinals || Pimrada Jattavapornvanit / Gozal Ainitdinova || 6–4, 7–6(4), 2–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Olga Helmi / Adithya Karunaratne || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Liang En-shuo || Quarterfinals || Tímea Babos / Valeria Savinykh || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Palma del Río || W25 || Clay || Marina Bassols Ribera || Semifinals || Valeria Savinykh / Fanny Stollár || 2–6, 0–6 |- | W25 Corroios-Seixal || W25 || Hard || Lizette Cabrera || Quarterfinals || Justina Mikulskytė / Hong Yi Cody Wong || 5–7, 4–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Annaëlle Robbe || Second Round || Madison Brengle || 6–3, 6–7, 6–10 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Petra Marcinko || Quarterfinals || Miriam Skoch / Markéta Vondroušová || 5–7, 2–6 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W60 Trnava 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 4–6, 1–6 |- | W60 Chiasso || W60 || Clay || — || First Round || Beatrice Gumulya / Anna Sisková || 3–6, 6–4, 11–13 |- | W25 Zaragoza || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Alana Parnaby / Victoria Rodríguez || 6–4, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 5–7, 6–1, 9–11 |- | W60 Barcelona || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–4, 3–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Roehampton 2 || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Talia Gibson / Petra Hule || 1–6, 5–7 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Erina Hayashi / Saki Imamura || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W100 Tokyo 2 || W100 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 0–6, 7–5, 6–10 |- | W60 Glasgow 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Freya Christie / Olivia Gadecki || — |- | W60 Nantes || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Ekaterina Maklakova / Ekaterina Reyngold || 6–1, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Danielle Collins / Isabelle Haverlag || 2–6, 4–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Darja Semeņistaja || Final (Title) || Naiktha Bains / Fanny Stollár || 7–6(8), 6–3 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Maia Lumsden / Jessika Ponchet || 7–5, 7–6(4) |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Lia Karatancheva / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–3, 2–6, 10–4 |- | W75 Porto 3 || W75 || Hard || Alicia Barnett || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Friedsam / Aliccia Barnett || 3–6, 4–6 |- | W75 Trnava || W75 || Hard || Zeynep Sönmez || Semifinals || Lulu Sun / Moyuka Uchijima || 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Valentini Grammatikopoulou || Quarterfinals || Isabelle Haverlag / Erika Pridankina || 7–5, 4–6, 3–10 |} === WTA and WTA 125 tournaments === ==== 2021 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Court !! Category !! Opponent !! Round !! Score |- | Miami Open || Hard || WTA 1000 || Viktória Hrunčáková || Qualifying 1 || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca) || Clay || WTA 250 || Mayar Sherif || Second Round || 2–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2022 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Category !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Madison Brengle || 2–6, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Qualifying 1 || Anna Bondár || 0–6, 0–6 |} ==== 2023 ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Misaki Doi || 6–4, 1–6, 3–6 |- | Thailand Open (Hua Hin) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Irina-Camelia Begu || 2–6, 5–7 |- | Mutua Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Tatjana Maria || 1–6, 1–6 |- | Japan Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Himari Sakatsume (Q) || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (3) || 3–6, 0–6 |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Elise Mertens (2) || 5–7, 0–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Cristina Bucșa / Bibiane Schoofs || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2024 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Rebecca Peterson (18) || 2–6, 5–7 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Qualifying 3 || Julia Riera (2) || 6–4, 6–7, 4–6 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Qualifying 3 || Lulu Sun (23) || 6–7, 5–7 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 3 || Elena-Gabriela Ruse (20) || 6–3, 1–6, 4–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Emiliana Arango || 6–2, 5–7, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Sorana Cîrstea (27) || 3–6, 7–6, 4–6 |- | Wuhan Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Kateřina Siniaková || 3–6, 1–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Magda Linette || 6–7, 1–6 |- | Guadalajara Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Priscilla Hon || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Jiangxi Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (1) || 5–7, 6–7 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Bernarda Pera || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Qualifying 2 || Ena Shibahara || 7–6, 0–6, 2–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Céline Naef (5) || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Tatjana Maria (4) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Polish Open (Warsaw) || WTA 125 || Hard || First Round || Isabella Shinikova || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Veneto Open (Gaiba) || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Sara Errani (4) || 0–6, 6–7 |- | Makarska Open || WTA 125 || Clay || First Round || Maria Timofeeva (Q) || 6–1, 3–6, 2–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Laura Pigossi || Semifinals || Kaylah McP / Astra Sharma || 6–7(1), 3–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Taylah Preston || First Round || Valeria Lepchenko / Anna Falei || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Polish Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Daniela Semenistaja || Quarterfinals || Weronika Falkowska / Martyna Kubka || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Kimberly Birrell || Quarterfinals || Katarzyna Piter / Fanny Stollar || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || En Shuo Liang || Quarterfinals || Giuliana Olmos / Alexandra Panova || 1–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2025 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Jana Fett (133) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Singapore Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Simona Waltert (179) || 3–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessica Pegula (4) || 6–7, 7–5, 3–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Second Round || Iga Świątek (2) || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Marta Kostyuk (27) || 0–6, 1–6 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || First Round || Emiliana Arango (85) || 0–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- |Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová || 5-7, 7-6(5), 1-6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || First Round || Magda Linette (31) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Eastbourne Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Finals (RunnerUp) || Maya Joint || 4–6, 6–1, 6–7 (10–12) |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || First Round || Barbora Krejčíková (16) || 6–3, 2–6, 1–6 |- | National Bank Open (Montreal) || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Markéta Vondroušová (63) || 6–3, 1–6, 2–6 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Second Round || Cristina Bucșa (95) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | São Paulo Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Janice Tjen (130) || 4–6, 1–6 |- | China Open (Wuhan) || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Moyuka Uchijima (91) || 4–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | Japan Women's Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Valentová (78) || 1–6, 2–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Claire Liu (305) || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | Hong Kong Tennis Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Second Round || Victoria Mboko (21) || 6–3, 3–6, 4–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Shuai Wei (134) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Mai Hontama (166) || 6–7, 2–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Second Round || Panna Udvardy (137) || 6–7, 4–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová (152) || 5–7, 7–6, 1–6 |- | Ilkley Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Rebecca Marino (107) || 6–1, 0–6, 6–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Champion || Panna Udvardy (134) || 1–6, 7–5, 6–3 |- | Jingshan Tennis Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Lulu Sun (146) || 6–3, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Suzhou Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Viktorija Golubic (70) || 6–2, 2–6, 6–7 |} '''Withdrawals''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Reason |- | Cincinnati Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Shoulder injury |- | Monterrey Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Shoulder injury |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Nadiia Kichenok || Semifinals || Katarzyna Piter / Janice Tjen || 7–6(4), 3–6, 5–10 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Coco Gauff || Quarterfinals || Jasmine Paolini / Sara Errani || 5–7, 6–3, 7–10 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Renata Zarazúa || Second Round || Olga Danilović / Anastasia Potapova || 1–6, 3–6 |- | Hong Kong Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Chan Hao‑ching || First Round || Kamilla Rakhimova / Aliaksandra Sasnovich || 6–3, 1–6, 7–10 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Eva Lys || First Round || Ingrid Gamarra Martins / Quinn Gleason || 4–6, 2–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Rebeka Masarova || First Round || Storm Hunter / Ellen Perez || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Tsao Chia‑yi || First Round || Amina Anshba / Elena Pridankina || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Katie Volynets || First Round || Carmen Corley / Olivia Gadecki || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2026 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Semifinals || Wang Xinyu || 7–5, 5–7, 6–4 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || First Round || Alycia Parks || 6–0, 3–6, 2–6 |- | Philippines Womens Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals|| Camila Osorio || 4-6, 4-6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ekaterina Alexandrova|| 3-6, 3-6 |- | Qatar Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round|| Tereza Valentová|| 6-7 (6), 1-6 |- |Dubai Tennis Championships |WTA 1000 |Hard |Quarterfinals |Coco Gauff |0-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Linda Noskova |2-6, 0-6 |- |Miami Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Karolína Muchová |0-6,2-6 |- |Linz Open |WTA 500 |Clay |Second Round |Jelena Ostapenko |4-6, 5-7 |- |Stuttgart Open |WTA 500 |Clay | First Round | Leylah Fernandez | 1-6, 4-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Second Round |Elise Mertens |2-6, 1-6 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Third Round |Elena Rybakina |4-6, 3-6 |- |Strasbourg International |WTA 500 |Clay |First Round |Oleksandra Oliynykova |6-3, 5-7, 3-6 |- |French Open |Grand Slam |Clay |First Round |Iva Jovic |4-6, 2-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Second Round |Alina Charaeva | |- |HSBC Championships |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Berlin Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Bad Homburg Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Wimbledon |Grand Slam |Grass | | | |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Iva Jovic || Semifinals || Xu Yifan / Yang Zhaoxuan || 5–7, 3–6 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Ingrid Martins || First Round || Shuko Aoyama / Magda Linette || 6–7(3), 6–2, 3–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Janice Tjen|| Semifinals|| Tereza Mihalíková / Olivia Nicholls|| 4-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Iva Jovic |First Round |Hailey Baptiste / Jelena Ostapenko |2-6, 2-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Zeynep Sönmez |Second Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |1-6, 5-7 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Hailey Baptiste |First Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |2-6, 1-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Nikola Bartůňková |First Round |Harriet Dart / Maia Lumsden |4-6, 6-2, 9-11 |- |} == Taunang ranggo ng WTA == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ ! Taon !! Isahan !! Dalawahan |- | 2021 || 529 || 780 |- | 2022 || 219 || 594 |- | 2023 || 205 || 436 |- | 2024 || 158 || 239 |- | 2025 || 50 || 161 |} Pinagmulan: Opisyal na Profile ni Alex Eala sa WTA<ref name=":63" /> == Estilo ng Paglalaro == Si Eala ay isang agresibong baseliner na gumagamit ng forehand at matatag na backhand upang kontrolin ang rally. Bilang kaliwete, nakalilikha siya ng mabigat na topspin at kilala sa mahusay na return game. Ang kanyang pangunahing kahinaan ay ang serve, na kulang sa bilis at variety, kahit mas epektibo siya sa hard courts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caramoan |first=Miguel Alfonso |date=January 19, 2026 |title=What’s next for Alex Eala after 2026 Australian Open first-round exit? |url=https://www.espn.ph/tennis/story/_/id/47658308/what-next-alex-eala-2026-australian-open-first-round-exit |website=ESPN |language=en|access-date=January 24, 2026}}</ref> Nakamit na niya ang semifinals ng WTA 1000 at tinalo ang tatlong major champions sa [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|2025 Miami Open]].<ref name=":Gulf">{{Cite web |title=What Alexandra Eala Needs to Win Titles and Beat Top Players |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/what-alexandra-eala-needs-to-win-titles-and-beat-top-players-1.500440043 |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Gulf News}}</ref> Ayon sa mga analyst, kailangan niyang palakasin ang serve, dagdagan ang variety, at patatagin ang kondisyon upang makipagsabayan sa pinakamalalaking titulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2026 |title=Alex Eala told where she can improve: Martina Navratilova offers advice |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/alex-eala-told-where-she-can-improve-martina-navratilova-offers-advice |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> === Pagganap ni Eala Laban sa mga Top 20 na Manlalaro === {| class="wikitable" ! Kategorya !! Estadistika !! Konteksto |- | Aces || 21 || Mas umaasa sa placement kaysa sa lakas |- | Double Faults || 77 || Mataas ang bilang, isyu sa consistency |- | First Serve % || 64.9% || Matibay na pagiging maaasahan |- | First Serve Points Won || 60.9% || Mas mababa kaysa sa average ng Top 10 (~70%) |- | Second Serve Points Won || 47.2% || Madaling mabigo kapag nasa pressure |- | Break Points Saved || 52.7% || Katamtamang tibay |- | Service Points Won || 56.1% || Pangkalahatang bisa |- | Service Games Won || 64.1% || Nakakapag-hold ng serve ~2/3 ng oras |- | Return Points Won || 44.2% || Mas malakas kaysa sa serve stats |- | 1st Return Points Won || 36.7% || Nahihirapan laban sa malalakas mag-serve |- | 2nd Return Points Won || 56.4% || Agresibo laban sa mahihinang serve |- | Break Points Converted || 42.5% || Mabisa kapag may pagkakataon |- | Return Games Won || 35.5% || Matatag na returner na nakakaistorbo |- | Dominance Ratio (DR) || 0.79 || Kompetitibo ngunit mas mababa sa elite (>1.0 karaniwan sa Top 10) |} Ang serve ni Eala ay gumagana ngunit hindi nakakapangibabaw. Ang mataas na bilang ng double fault at katamtamang tagumpay sa first serve ay pumipigil sa kanya na kontrolin ang laro. Gayunpaman, ang kanyang return game ay malinaw na lakas—lalo na laban sa second serves kung saan nananalo siya ng higit sa kalahati ng mga puntos. Sa dominance ratio na 0.79, mas mababa siya sa antas ng elite ngunit ipinapakita na kaya niyang makipagsabayan sa mas mataas na ranggo. Ang pagpapabuti sa pagiging maaasahan ng serve ang maaaring maging susi upang mapalapit siya sa Top 10. === Mahahalagang Laban === {| class="wikitable" ! Petsa !! Torneo !! Kalaban !! Ranggo !! Resulta !! Tala |- | Mar 2025 || Miami QF || Iga Świątek || #2 || '''Panalo 6–2, 7–5''' || Breakthrough win laban sa World No. 1 |- | Mar 2025 || Miami R32 || Madison Keys || #5 || '''Panalo 6–4, 6–3''' || Unang panalo laban sa Top 10 |- | Mar 2025 || Miami SF || Jessica Pegula || #4 || Talo 6–7, 7–5, 3–6 || Dikdikang 3-set na laban |- | May 2025 || Madrid R32 || Iga Świątek || #1 || Talo 3–6, 2–6 || Naging 1–1 ang kanilang tunggalian |- | Aug 2025 || US Open R128 || Clara Tauson || #14 || '''Panalo 6–3, 2–6, 7–6(11)''' || Makasaysayang debut win sa Grand Slam |- | Jul 2025 || Wimbledon R64 || Barbora Krejčíková || #16 || Talo 4–6, 2–6 || Unang Wimbledon main draw |- | Feb 2026 || Dubai R32 || Jasmine Paolini || #6 || '''Panalo 6–1, 7–6(5)''' || Pinakabagong panalo laban sa Top 10 |- | Feb 2026 || Dubai QF || Coco Gauff || #3 || Talo 0–6, 2–6 || Mabigat na pagkatalo |} May apat na malinaw na panalo si Eala laban sa mga Top 20 na kalaban, laban sa pitong pagkatalo. Ang straight‑set na tagumpay niya laban kay Świątek sa Miami 2025 ang nananatiling pinakamahalagang breakthrough, habang ang mga panalo laban kina Keys, Tauson, at Paolini ay nagpapatunay na kaya niyang umangat sa mahihirap na laban. Ang mga pagkatalo kina Pegula, Gauff, at Krejčíková ay nagpapakita ng inconsistency na kailangan pa niyang lampasan. Sa edad na 21, napatunayan na niyang kaya niyang talunin ang pinakamagagaling. Ang hamon ngayon ay kung paano mapapanatili ang antas na iyon sa iba’t ibang torneo. Sa pagpapabuti ng kanyang serve, may pundasyon na siya upang maging regular na Grand Slam contender.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennis Abstract: Alexandra Eala vs. Top 20 Players |url=https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=ACareerqqITop_20qqv1 |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=Tennis Abstract}}</ref> == Ibang larangan == === Pambansang koponan === Kinatawan ni Eala ang [[Pilipinas]] sa mga internasyonal na torneo. Nagwagi siya ng mga medalya sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2021_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2021]] (pilak sa singles, team, at mixed doubles) at sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2022_Asian_Games|Asian Games 2022]] (pilak sa singles at mixed doubles).<ref name=":7">{{cite news |last1=Carandang |first1=Justin Kenneth |date=May 20, 2022 |title=Tennis ace Alex Eala settles for bronze in women's singles |work=[[GMA News]] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/sports/othersports/832339/tennis-ace-alex-eala-settles-for-bronze-in-women-s-singles/story/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 25, 2025}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite news |last=Payo |first=Jasmine |date=September 29, 2023 |title=Alex Eala bags 2nd Asian Games bronze with Alcantara in doubles |language=en-US |work=[[Rappler]] |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/tennis-semifinal-results-mixed-doubles-alex-eala-francis-casey-alcantara-asian-games-september-29-2023/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 10, 2025}}</ref> Noong 2024, pinangunahan niya ang koponan sa 5–0 panalo sa Group II ng Billie Jean King Cup qualifiers, na nag-angat sa Pilipinas sa Group I.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Luisa |date=December 2, 2024 |title=Alex Eala relishes leading Team Philippines to BJK Cup promotion in Bahrain |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/26898/alex-eala-relishes-leading-team-philippines-to-bjk-cup-promotion-in-bahrain |url-status=live |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=One Sports |language=en}}</ref> Sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2025_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2025]], nakamit niya ang ginto sa women's singles at tanso sa mixed doubles at team events.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=December 18, 2025 |title=Alex Eala wins SEA Games tennis gold, ends long drought for PH|url=https://sports.inquirer.net/655069/alex-eala-wins-sea-games-tennis-gold-ends-long-drought-for-ph |access-date=December 18, 2025 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref> ===Mga Eksibisyon na Laro=== ====Singles: 1 (titles)==== {|class="wikitable" !Resulta !{{ns}}Petsa{{ns}} !Torneo !Uri ng Korte !Kalaban !Iskor |- |Panalo | Enero 2026 |[[:en:Kooyong_Classic|Kooyong Classic]], Melbourne, Australia |Matigas na Korte |[[:en:Donna Vekić|Donna Vekić]] |6–3, 6–4 |} === Mga sponsorship === Simula pagkabata, sinuportahan si Eala ng [[:en:Globe_Telecom|Globe Telecom]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 25, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Opens Up About Life |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/about-us/newsroom/corporate/alex-eala-meet-and-greet}}</ref> at kalaunan ay nagkaroon ng mga endorsement mula sa [[:en:Babolat|Babolat]], [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]], at [[:en:Bank_of_the_Philippine_Islands|BPI]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Champ’s choice: Alex Eala signs up as BPI’s newest endorser|url=https://bilyonaryo.com/2023/01/25/champs-choice-alex-eala-signs-up-as-bpis-newest-endorser/money/}}</ref> bago naging brand ambassador ng [[:en:Milo_(drink)|Milo]] noong 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2026 |title=MILO Active Pilipinas launched with Eala as new ambassador |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/milo-active-pilipinas-launched-with-eala-as-new-ambassador.html}}</ref> === Mga parangal === Walong beses nang kinilala si Eala ng [[:en:Philippine_Sportswriters_Association|Philippine Sportswriters Association]] sa [[:en:PSA_Annual_Awards|PSA Annual Awards]], kabilang ang paggawad sa kanya bilang ''Athlete of the Year'' noong 2026.<ref>Citations for Eala's PSA Annual Awards: *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 25, 2019 |title=Top PH athletes share limelight in PSA Awards 2019 |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/224351-philippine-athletes-sportswriters-association-awards-2019/ |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Gionco |first=Mark |date=February 29, 2020 |title=PH tennis rising star Alex Eala to be feted at PSA Awards |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/387640/ph-tennis-rising-star-alex-eala-to-be-feted-at-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=March 12, 2021 |title=PSA to honor tennis star Eala, boxing champs Casimero, Taduran |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/3/12/psa-to-honor-tennis-star-eala-boxing-champs-casimero-taduran |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 27, 2022 |title=Scribes fete world-class PH boxers |language=en |website=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/27/scribes-fete-world-class-ph-boxers/ |url-status=live |access-date=October 12, 2025 |archive-url= |archive-date=}} *{{Cite news |date=February 12, 2023 |title=PSA Awards: Young Alex Eala to be recognized with President's Award |language=en-US |website=Tiebreaker Times |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/psa-awards-young-alex-eala-to-be-recognized-with-presidents-award/261823 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 10, 2023 |title=Eala recipient of PSA Prexy Awards |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2023/02/10/2243942/eala-recipient-psa-prexy-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=January 24, 2024 |title=Alex Eala, Tots Carlos to be recognized in PSA Awards |website=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/01/15/24/alex-eala-tots-carlos-to-be-recognized-in-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Malanum |first=Jean |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala tops PSA achievers for September |language=en |website=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1260619 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala leads PSA's September honorees |language=en |website=SunStar Publishing Inc. |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/sports/eala-leads-psas-september-honorees |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 17, 2026 |title=Alex Eala hails PSA Athlete of the Year award a proof of PH tennis' rise |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/people/athletes/alex-eala-hails-athlete-of-year-award-proof-tennis-rise-philippines/ |access-date=February 17, 2026}}</ref> Noong 2021, isinama siya ng [[:en:Tatler_Asia|''Tatler Asia'']] sa talaan ng mga pinaka-maimpluwensiyang personalidad sa Asya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asia's Most Influential Philippines 2021 |url=https://www.tatlerasia.com/list/ami/ph?page=3&industry=all&region=ph&year=2021}}</ref> Noong Abril 2025, ginawaran si Eala ng ''Premios Tanglaw'' ng [[:en:Embassy_of_the_Philippines|Embahada ng Pilipinas]] sa Madrid bilang pagkilala sa kanyang ambag sa [[:en:Philippines–Spain_relations|ugnayan ng Pilipinas at Espanya]].<ref>{{cite news |date=April 2025 |title=Premios Tanglaw honoring Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/premios-tanglaw-eala}}</ref> Noong 2026, kinilala siya ng Forbes Asia bilang isa sa kanilang [[:en:Forbes_30_Under_30|30 Under 30]] sa kategoryang Libangan at Isports, dahil sa kanyang papel sa pag-angat ng Pilipinas sa pandaigdigang tennis.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Watson |first=Rana Wehbe |date=May 27, 2026 |title=30 Under 30 Asia’s Next Icons: The Gen Z Athletes And Music Artists Rewriting The Playbook |work=Forbes Asia |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ranawehbe/2026/05/27/30-under-30-asias-next-icons-the-gen-z-athletes-and-music-artists-rewriting-the-playbook/ |access-date=May 27, 2026}}</ref> ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} ==Mga panlabas na kawing== [https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/- Alexandra Eala Official WTA Page] [https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/s/overview/ Alexandra Eala Official ITF Women's World Tennis Page] [https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=v1 Alexandra Eala's Tennis Abstract page] [[:en:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on English Wikipedia (English)]] [https://tv-philippines.fandom.com/wiki/Alex_Eala Alexandra Eala on Fandom (English)] [[:simple:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on Simple Wikipedia]] oixs01o0ntflz0m50lbfd3owsurxbbm 2210290 2210289 2026-06-04T01:50:13Z Tabilay 153890 /* Mahahalagang Laban */ 2210290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}} Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' (ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Quezon City]]) ay isang Pilipinang manlalaro ng [[tenis]]. Siya ang pinakamataas na naitalang ranggong Pilipino sa WTA, na umabot sa world No. 29 noong Marso 16, 2026.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |last=Castillejo |first=Dyan |date=March 16, 2026 |title=Alex Eala rises to career-high World No. 29 |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/3/16/eala-rises-to-career-high-world-no-29-in-latest-wta-rankings-1032}}</ref> Nanalo siya ng mga junior Grand Slam: doubles sa 2020 Australian Open at 2021 French Open, at girls' singles sa 2022 US Open.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=September 10, 2022 |title=Eala captures US Open girls' singles crown |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/final-results-alex-eala-lucie-havlickova-us-open-september-10-2022/}}</ref> Sa pro circuit, mayroon siyang limang ITF singles at tatlong ITF doubles title. Noong 2025, umabot siya sa semifinals ng Miami Open, nag-final sa Eastbourne Open, at nagkampeon sa WTA 125 Guadalajara Open.<ref name=":63">{{Cite web |title=WTA: Alexandra Eala |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/alexandra-eala/matches#main-content |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox tennis biography |name = Alexandra Eala |image = Ealas and Patrick Gregorio (cropped Alexandra Eala).jpg |image_upright = .8 |caption = Eala at the [[:en:2025 SEA Games|2025 SEA Games]] |fullname = Alexandra Maniego Eala |country = {{PHI}} |residence = [[Metro Manila]], Philippines<br>[[Mallorca]], Spain |birth_date = {{birth date and age|2005|5|23}} |birth_place = [[Quezon City]], Philippines |height = {{height|m=1.75}} |turnedpro = March 2020 |plays = Left-handed (two-handed backhand) |coach = Joan Bosch<br> Alexandro Viaene<br>Lluc Bauza (Fitness Coach) |careerprizemoney = US 1,997,574 |singlesrecord = {{tennis record|won=212|lost=130}} |singlestitles = 0 |highestsinglesranking = No. 29 (March 16, 2026) |currentsinglesranking = No. 37 (May 25, 2026) |doublesrecord = {{tennis record|won=48|lost=46}} |doublestitles = 0 |highestdoublesranking = No. 88 (May 4, 2026) |currentdoublesranking = No. 116 (May 25, 2026) |updated = May 25, 2026 |AustralianOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's singles|2025]],[[:en:2026 French Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |Wimbledonresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles|2025]]) |USOpenresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 US Open – Women's singles|2025]]) |AustralianOpenDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's doubles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenDoublesresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's doubles|2025]]) |WimbledonDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles|2025]]) | medaltemplates-expand = no | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry |the {{PHI}}}} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the SEA Games|SEA Games]]}} {{MedalGold | 2025 Thailand | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Team }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Team }} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}} {{MedalBronze | 2022 Hangzhou | Singles }} {{MedalBronze|2022 Hangzhou|Mixed doubles}} }} == Maagang buhay == Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' ay ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Lungsod Quezon]], Pilipinas, kina Michael Eala (business executive)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jara-Puyod |first1=Mariecar |title=‘Eala’s grit, humility and passion have captured every Filipino’s heart,' says Philippine Ambassador Alfonso Ver |url=https://www.gulftoday.ae/sport/2026/02/20/ealas-grit-humility-and-passion-have-captured-every-filipinos-heart-says-philippine-ambassador-alfonso-ver |website=Gulf Today |publisher=Gulf Today |access-date=26 March 2026}}</ref> at [[:en:Rizza_Maniego-Eala|Rosemarie Maniego-Eala]], dating CFO ng [[Globe Telecom]] (hanggang 2024) at dating pambansang manlalangoy na nagwagi ng tansong medalya sa [[:en:1985_SEA_Games|1985 SEA Games]]. Ang kanyang mga tiyuhin ay sina [[:en:Noli_Eala|Noli Eala]] (dating chairperson ng [[:en:Philippine_Sports_Commission|Philippine Sports Commission]] at commissioner ng [[Philippine Basketball Association]])<ref name="Philstar">{{cite news |last1=Acebuche |first1=Yoniel |title=Alex Eala: What to know about the tennis phenom making history on the court |url=https://www.philstarlife.com/celebrity/828326-what-to-know-alex-eala |access-date=August 28, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]] |date=March 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cordero |first=Abac |date=August 30, 2022 |title=Noli Eala named new Philippine Sports Commission chairman |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2022/08/30/2206206/noli-eala-named-new-philippine-sports-commission-chairman |access-date=November 5, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]]}}</ref> at si Rhett Eala (fashion designer).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tunac |first1=Hermes Joy |title=Alex Eala reveals uncle Rhett Eala designed the elegant Filipiniana she wore at Laureus Awards 2026 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/shoppingandfashion/985027/alex-eala-reveals-uncle-rhett-eala-designed-the-elegant-filipiniana-she-wore-at-laureus-awar/story/ |work=[[GMA News]] |date=April 23, 2026}}</ref> Ang nakatatanda niyang kapatid na si Michael Francis “Miko” Eala ay naglaro ng tennis para sa [[:en:Penn_State_Nittany_Lions|Penn State]] mula 2020 hanggang 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |author1=Castillejo, Dyan |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Filipino athletes graduate as part of Penn State's class of 2024 |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/2024/5/6/filipino-athletes-graduate-as-part-of-penn-state-s-class-of-2024-1839 |work=[[ABS-CBN News]]}}</ref><ref name="PEP2">{{Cite news |last1=Bravo |date=March 27, 2025 |title=Who is Alex Eala, Pinoy tennis player at 2025 Miami Open? |url=https://www.pep.ph/peptionary/186040/alex-eala-a5128-20250327 |website=Philippine Entertainment Portal}}</ref> Nagsimulang maglaro si Eala ng tennis sa edad na apat, matapos ipakilala ng kanyang lolo sa ina na si Roberto Maniego, na siya rin ang una niyang coach.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hilotin |title=Alex Eala: Rapid rise in tennis rankings, what's next? |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/alex-eala-rapid-rise-in-tennis-rankings-whats-next-1.500248201 |work=[Gulf News |date=August 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 30, 2022 |title=The rise of Alexandra Eala making headlines in the Philippines and beyond |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2921343/alexandra-eala |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Payo |date=August 31, 2025 |title=Alex Eala and the guts to be first |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-guts-first-philippine-tennis/ |work=[[Rappler]]}}</ref> Nag-aral siya sa Immaculate Conception Academy sa [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]] at [[:en:Colegio_San_Agustin_–_Makati|Colegio San Agustin]] sa [[Makati]], bago lumipat sa [[:en:Rafa_Nadal_Academy|Rafa Nadal Academy]] sa [[:en:Manacor|Manacor]], Espanya, kung saan siya nagtapos noong 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mina |title=How Alex Eala became a world-class tennis champion |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/10/22/22/what-it-took-for-alex-eala-to-become-a-tennis-world-champ |work=[[ABS-CBN News]] |date=October 22, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 19, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Biography: Acing Her Path to the Tennis Court |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/blog/alex-eala-journey-to-pro |website=[[Globe Telecom|Globe]]}}</ref> == Personal na buhay == Paborito ni Eala ang [[:en:Kaldereta|kaldereta]] at mas gusto niya ang [[matcha]] kaysa kape.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mina |first=Inna |date=3 Pebrero 2026 |title=Ikaw ba ay tao ng Kare-Kare? Ang ranggo ni Alex Eala sa pagkaing Pilipino ay maaaring ikagulat mo |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/40770/are-you-a-kare-kare-person-alex-eala-filipino-food-rankings-might-surprise-you |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=One Sports |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Castillejo |first1=Dyan |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala at mga kapwa propesyonal ang kanilang personalidad sa labas ng korte sa Players Box Podcast |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/4/1/alex-eala-joins-fellow-players-on-the-players-box-podcast-0007 |website=ABS-CBN Sports |publisher=ABS-CBN Network |access-date=31 Marso 2026}}</ref> Multilingual siya at nagsasalita ng Ingles, Kastila, at [[Wikang Tagalog|Tagalog]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Futterman |first1=Matthew |title=Bumalik si Alex Eala sa Miami Open, kung saan nagsimula ang isang pangarap na nagpasiklab ng fenomeno sa tennis |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7124102/2026/03/19/tennis-alex-eala-philippines-miami-open/ |website=The Athletic |publisher=The New York Times |access-date=25 Marso 2026}}</ref> Itinuturing niya ang [[:en:Wimbledon_Championships|Wimbledon]] bilang paborito niyang Grand Slam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=3 Hulyo 2025 |title='Living my dream': Nagdiwang si Alex Eala sa makasaysayang Wimbledon stint |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-revels-historic-wimbledon-stint-2025/ |access-date=3 Hulyo 2025 |website=Rappler |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 Disyembre 2025 |title=Vogue Rapid-Fire interview kay Alex Eala |url=https://www.instagram.com/reels/DSoxP5lk1bS/ |access-date=24 Disyembre 2025 |website=Instagram |language=tl}}</ref> Binanggit niya si [[Maria Sharapova]] bilang impluwensya sa kanyang istilo ng laro at nakapagsanay na siya kasama si [[Rafael Nadal]] at ang kapatid niyang si Miko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atencio |first=Peter |date=19 Hulyo 2025 |title=Ang impluwensya ni Sharapova ang nagtutulak sa agresibong laro ni Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/sports-plus/314618107/sharapovas-influence-drives-alex-ealas-aggressive-game.html |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Manila Standard |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=20 Nobyembre 2025 |title=Naglaro si Alex Eala kasama si Rafael Nadal |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/649046/alex-eala-trains-with-rafael-nadal-in-his-return-to-court |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Inquirer |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 Agosto 2025 |title=Bago ang malalaking tao, palaging nasa tabi ni Alex Eala ang kanyang kapatid na si Miko |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/get-to-know-alex-eala-older-brother-and-avid-supporter-miko-a6035-20250827 |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> Pagkatapos ng kanyang breakout sa 2025 Miami Open, lumawak ang kanyang kasikatan sa Pilipinas at sa mga [[:en:Overseas_Filipinos_Filipino_diaspora|komunidad ng Pilipino sa ibayong dagat]], na inihalintulad ng ilang komentarista sa impluwensya ni [[Manny Pacquiao]]. Ayon sa mamamahayag at dating manlalaro ng tennis na si [[:en:Dyan_Castillejo|Dyan Castillejo]], tinatrato na siya ng mga tagahanga “na para bang nanalo na siya ng Grand Slam.” Nakatulong din ang paggamit niya ng Tagalog sa pagpapalakas ng ugnayan sa mga tagasuporta, at ang kanyang pag-angat ay nagpasiklab ng bagong interes sa tennis sa bansa. Inihambing din ng mga analista ang epekto niya sa paglawak ng tennis sa mga pigura tulad nina [[:en:Li_Na|Li Na]] at [[:en:Ons_Jabeur|Ons Jabeur]].<ref name=":0" /> Mas naging palakaibigan si Eala sa tour at nakabuo ng mga sumusuportang pagkakaibigan kina [[:en:Iva_Jović|Iva Jović]], [[:en:Zeynep_Sonmez|Zeynep Sonmez]], [[:en:Victoria_Mboko|Victoria Mboko]], [[:en:Eva_Lys|Eva Lys]], [[:en:Leylah_Fernandez|Leylah Fernandez]], at [[:en:Lizette_Cabrera|Lizette Cabrera]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reyes |first=Kate |date=9 Marso 2026 |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala ang mga kaibigan na kanyang nakilala sa kanyang batang karera sa WTA |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/alex-eala-bares-friends-she-has-made-in-her-young-wta-career-a6035-20260309 |access-date=9 Marso 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> ==Karera== ===Junior na Taon=== Nagtagumpay si Eala sa junior circuit, kabilang ang kanyang mga panalo sa singles sa [[:en:2022_US_Open_–_Girls'_singles|US Open]] at mga titulo sa doubles sa [[:en:2020_Australian_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|Australian Open]] at [[:en:2021_French_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|French Open]].<ref name=":63" /> === Propesyonal === ==== ITF tour ==== Mula sa kanyang mga junior na karera, lumipat si Eala sa [[:en:ITF_Women's_World_Tennis_Tour|ITF circuit]], kung saan unti-unti niyang pinagtibay ang kanyang rekord. Mula 2021 hanggang 2024, nakamit niya ang anim na titulo sa singles, kabilang ang torneo na [[:en:2024_Open_Araba_en_Femenino_–_Singles|W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz]]. Sa doubles, nagwagi siya ng tatlong titulo noong 2024, kasama sina [[:en:Darja_Semeņistaja|Darja Semeņistaja]] at [[:en:Estelle_Cascino|Estelle Cascino]].<ref name=":63" /> ====WTA Tour==== Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa [[:en:WTA_Tour|WTA Tour]] noong 2021 sa kanyang unang pagsabak sa [[:en:2021_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], kung saan nabigo siyang makalusot sa qualifying. Lumahok din siya sa [[:en:2021_Winners_Open_–_Singles|Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca)]], ngunit natigil sa ikalawang yugto.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2022, muling naglaro si Eala sa [[:en:2022_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] ngunit natanggal sa unang yugto. Sinubukan din niyang makapasok sa [[:en:2022_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], subalit nabigo siya sa qualifying.<ref name=":63" /> Pagsapit ng 2023, sumabak siya sa [[:en:2023_Thailand_Open_–_Singles|Thailand Open (Hua Hin)]], [[:en:2023_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2023_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2023_Japan_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Japan Women’s Open (Osaka)]], [[:en:2023_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], at [[:en:2023_Jasmin_Open_–_Singles|Jasmin Open (Monastir, Tunisia)]], ngunit hindi siya nakalusot sa unang yugto ng mga nasabing torneo.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2024_Veneto_Open_–_Singles|Veneto Open (Italy)]] bago mapatigil ni [[:en:Sara_Errani|Sara Errani]]. Gayunman, karamihan sa kanyang kampanya ay nauwi sa maagang pagkatanggal sa mga torneo tulad ng [[:en:2024_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2024_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2024_Wuhan_Open_–_Singles|Wuhan Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], [[:en:2024_Guadalajara_Open_Akron_–_Singles|Guadalajara Akron Open]], [[:en:2024_Ningbo_Open_–_Singles|Ningbo Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Jiangxi_Open_–_Singles|Jiangxi Open (Jiujiang, China)]], [[:en:2024_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Nottingham_Open_–_Women's_singles|Nottingham Open]], [[:en:2024_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra International]], [[:en:2024_Polish_Open_–_Singles|Polish Open (Warsaw)]], at [[:en:2024_Makarska_International_Championships_–_Singles|Makarska Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, nakarating siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] bago mapigilan ni [[:en:Jessica_Pegula|Jessica Pegula]]. Sa damuhan, umabot siya sa final ng [[:en:2025_Eastbourne_Open_–_Women's_singles|Eastbourne Open]] at nagtapos bilang runner-up kay [[:en:Maya_Joint|Maya Joint]]. Nakamit din niya ang kanyang unang titulo sa Challenger/125 level sa [[:en:2025_Guadalajara_125_Open_–_Singles|Guadalajara 125 Open]], at umabot sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra Open]], [[:en:2025_Jingshan_Tennis_Open_–_Women's_singles|Jingshan Open (China)]], at [[:en:2025_Suzhou_WTA_125_–_Singles|Suzhou Open]]. Gayunpaman, hindi siya nagtagumpay sa [[:en:2025_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]], [[:en:2025_National_Bank_Open_–_Women's_singles|Canadian Open]], at [[:en:2025_Hong_Kong_Tennis_Open_–_Singles|Hong Kong Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nakapasok siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2026_ASB_Classic_–_Women's_singles|ASB Classic (Auckland)]] at [[:en:2026_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], at umabot din sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2026_Philippine_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Philippines Women’s Open]] at [[:en:2026_Dubai_Tennis_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Dubai Tennis Championships]]. Nakarating siya sa ika-apat na yugto ng [[:en:2026_BNP_Paribas_Open_–_Women's_singles|Indian Wells Open]] at [[:en:2026_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]]. Sa luwad, umabot siya sa ikatlong yugto ng [[:en:2026_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]] bago natalo kay [[:en:Elena_Rybakina|Elena Rybakina]], ngunit nabigo sa unang yugto ng [[:en:2026_Qatar_TotalEnergies_Open_–_Singles|Qatar Open]], [[:en:2026_Porsche_Tennis_Grand_Prix_–_Singles|Stuttgart Open]], at [[:en:2026_Internationaux_de_Strasbourg_–_Singles|Strasbourg International]].<ref name=":63" /> === Grand Slam === Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa mga torneo ng Grand Slam noong 2023 sa kanyang unang mga pagsubok sa qualifying, kabilang ang laban niya kay [[:en:Misaki_Doi|Misaki Doi]] sa opening round ng [[:en:2023_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa final qualifying round sa lahat ng apat na major—[[:en:2024_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open]], [[:en:2024_French_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|French Open]], [[:en:2024_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Wimbledon]], at [[:en:2024_US_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|US Open]]—ngunit hindi pa rin siya nakapasok sa main draw.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, muling sumabak si Eala sa [[:en:2025_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]] ngunit natanggal. Gayunman, nakapasok siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2025_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|French Open]] at [[:en:2025_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Wimbledon]], kung saan kapwa siya natalo sa unang yugto. Sa [[:en:2025_US_Open_–_Women's_singles|US Open]], umabot siya sa ikalawang round bago magpaubaya kay [[:en:Cristina_Bucșa|Cristina Bucșa]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nag-debut siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2026_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Australian Open]] ngunit natalo sa unang round kay [[:en:Alycia_Parks|Alycia Parks]]. Sa [[:en:2026_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|Roland Garros]], natigil din ang kanyang kampanya sa opening round matapos matalo kay [[:en:Iva_Jovic|Iva Jovic]].<ref name=":63" /> <!-- ===Eala's Matches=== ---> == Mga laro ni Eala == === Juniors === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Singles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || R2 || R3 || A || A |- | French Open || A || SF || A || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || A || W |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Doubles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || A || W || A || A |- | French Open || A || A || W || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || SF || – |} === ITF Women's World Tour === ==== ITF Titles ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Tournament !! Category !! Event !! Partner |- | 2021 || W15 Manacor || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2022 || W25 Chiang Rai || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Yecla || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Roehampton || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W50 Pune || ITF || Doubles || Darja Semeņistaja |- | 2024 || W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |} ===== ITF Singles ===== ''' 2020 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 2 || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anna Zarycka || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Lara Salden || 0–6, 6–2, 2–6 |- | Melilla || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anastasia Charaeva || 3–6, 3–6 |- | Monastir 9 || W15 || Hard || Second Round || Nina Stadler || 6–4, 6–7, 5–7 |} ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W15 Manacor || W15 || Hard || Final (Title) || Yvonne Cavalle-Reimers || 5–7, 6–1, 6–2 |- | W15 Manacor 2 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ylena In-Albon || 0–6, 3–6 |- | W15 Manacor 3 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Oksana Selekhmeteva || 2–6, 3–6 |- | W25 Grenoble || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Maja Chwalińska || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Manacor 4 || W25 || Hard || Second Round || Jana Fett || 6–4, 3–6, 5–7 |- | W15 Manacor 5 || W15 || Hard || First Round || Simona Waltert || 4–6, 6–2, 5–7 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || Second Round || Simona Waltert || 5–7, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Irene Burillo Escorihuela || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Madrid 2 || W25 || Hard || First Round || Andrea Lázaro García || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Milovice || W25 || Hard || First Round || Daria Astakhova || 2–6, 2–6 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Chiang Rai || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Luksika Kumkhum || 6–4, 6–2 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Erika Sema || 3–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Robbe || 6–7(3), 3–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Final || Marina Bassols Ribera || 4–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W60 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessika Ponchet || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 El Espinar || W25 || Hard || Semifinals || Eva Guerrero Alvarez || 2–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W100 Grodzisk Mazowiecki || W100 || Hard || First Round || Katharina Hobgarski || 4–6, 3–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Katarzyna Kawa || 6–2, 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Rancho Santa Fe || W80 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Marcela Zacarías || 2–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Hamburg || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Ysaline Bonaventure || 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Semifinals || Ysaline Bonaventure || 1–6, 6–3, 3–6 |- | W100 Shrewsbury || W100 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Maia Lumsden || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Yecla || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Valentina Ryser || 6–3, 7–5 |- | W25 Roehampton || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Arina Rodionova || 6–2, 6–3 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || Final || Destanee Aiava || 6–3, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || Final || Océane Dodin || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Final (Title) || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || 6–4, 6–4 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 6–4, 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Takasaki || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Mananchaya Sawangkaew || 6–4, 1–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Cary || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Renata Zarazúa || 6–3, 4–6, 3–6 |- | W100 Landisville || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Olivia Gadecki || 1–6, 6–0, 3–6 |- | W75 Porto || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna Bondar || 4–6, 7–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Trnava 1 || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anastasia Gureva || 2–6, 6–3, 6–7 |- | W75 Trnava 2 || W75 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Martincová || 6–3, 4–6, 6–7 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Second Round || Mona Barthel || 6–4, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Zagreb || W75 || Clay || First Round || Tena Lukas || 5–7, 6–3, 4–6 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || First Round || Selena Janicijevic || 3–6, 1–6 |- | W50 Indore || W50 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 4–6, 7–6, 2–6 |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Darja Semenistaja || 6–7, 0–6 |} ===== ITF Doubles ===== ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Madrid || W25 || Hard || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || Quarterfinals || Olivia Tjandramulia / Ashley Lahey || 5–7, 6–4, 6–10 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Oksana Selekhmeteva || Final || Justina Mikulskytė / Oana Simion || 3–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Manacor || W25 || Hard || Elsa Jacquemot || Quarterfinals || Olga Parres Azcoitia / Aurora Zantedeschi || 6–2, 4–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Macon || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Audrey Albie / Aubane Droguet || 4–6, 2–6 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 1 || W25 || Hard || Indy De Vroome || First Round || Patcharin Cheapchandej / Punnin Kovapitukted || 6–4, 5–7, 6–10 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Kyōka Okamura || Quarterfinals || Pimrada Jattavapornvanit / Gozal Ainitdinova || 6–4, 7–6(4), 2–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Olga Helmi / Adithya Karunaratne || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Liang En-shuo || Quarterfinals || Tímea Babos / Valeria Savinykh || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Palma del Río || W25 || Clay || Marina Bassols Ribera || Semifinals || Valeria Savinykh / Fanny Stollár || 2–6, 0–6 |- | W25 Corroios-Seixal || W25 || Hard || Lizette Cabrera || Quarterfinals || Justina Mikulskytė / Hong Yi Cody Wong || 5–7, 4–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Annaëlle Robbe || Second Round || Madison Brengle || 6–3, 6–7, 6–10 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Petra Marcinko || Quarterfinals || Miriam Skoch / Markéta Vondroušová || 5–7, 2–6 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W60 Trnava 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 4–6, 1–6 |- | W60 Chiasso || W60 || Clay || — || First Round || Beatrice Gumulya / Anna Sisková || 3–6, 6–4, 11–13 |- | W25 Zaragoza || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Alana Parnaby / Victoria Rodríguez || 6–4, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 5–7, 6–1, 9–11 |- | W60 Barcelona || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–4, 3–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Roehampton 2 || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Talia Gibson / Petra Hule || 1–6, 5–7 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Erina Hayashi / Saki Imamura || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W100 Tokyo 2 || W100 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 0–6, 7–5, 6–10 |- | W60 Glasgow 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Freya Christie / Olivia Gadecki || — |- | W60 Nantes || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Ekaterina Maklakova / Ekaterina Reyngold || 6–1, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Danielle Collins / Isabelle Haverlag || 2–6, 4–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Darja Semeņistaja || Final (Title) || Naiktha Bains / Fanny Stollár || 7–6(8), 6–3 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Maia Lumsden / Jessika Ponchet || 7–5, 7–6(4) |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Lia Karatancheva / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–3, 2–6, 10–4 |- | W75 Porto 3 || W75 || Hard || Alicia Barnett || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Friedsam / Aliccia Barnett || 3–6, 4–6 |- | W75 Trnava || W75 || Hard || Zeynep Sönmez || Semifinals || Lulu Sun / Moyuka Uchijima || 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Valentini Grammatikopoulou || Quarterfinals || Isabelle Haverlag / Erika Pridankina || 7–5, 4–6, 3–10 |} === WTA and WTA 125 tournaments === ==== 2021 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Court !! Category !! Opponent !! Round !! Score |- | Miami Open || Hard || WTA 1000 || Viktória Hrunčáková || Qualifying 1 || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca) || Clay || WTA 250 || Mayar Sherif || Second Round || 2–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2022 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Category !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Madison Brengle || 2–6, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Qualifying 1 || Anna Bondár || 0–6, 0–6 |} ==== 2023 ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Misaki Doi || 6–4, 1–6, 3–6 |- | Thailand Open (Hua Hin) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Irina-Camelia Begu || 2–6, 5–7 |- | Mutua Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Tatjana Maria || 1–6, 1–6 |- | Japan Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Himari Sakatsume (Q) || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (3) || 3–6, 0–6 |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Elise Mertens (2) || 5–7, 0–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Cristina Bucșa / Bibiane Schoofs || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2024 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Rebecca Peterson (18) || 2–6, 5–7 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Qualifying 3 || Julia Riera (2) || 6–4, 6–7, 4–6 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Qualifying 3 || Lulu Sun (23) || 6–7, 5–7 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 3 || Elena-Gabriela Ruse (20) || 6–3, 1–6, 4–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Emiliana Arango || 6–2, 5–7, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Sorana Cîrstea (27) || 3–6, 7–6, 4–6 |- | Wuhan Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Kateřina Siniaková || 3–6, 1–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Magda Linette || 6–7, 1–6 |- | Guadalajara Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Priscilla Hon || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Jiangxi Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (1) || 5–7, 6–7 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Bernarda Pera || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Qualifying 2 || Ena Shibahara || 7–6, 0–6, 2–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Céline Naef (5) || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Tatjana Maria (4) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Polish Open (Warsaw) || WTA 125 || Hard || First Round || Isabella Shinikova || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Veneto Open (Gaiba) || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Sara Errani (4) || 0–6, 6–7 |- | Makarska Open || WTA 125 || Clay || First Round || Maria Timofeeva (Q) || 6–1, 3–6, 2–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Laura Pigossi || Semifinals || Kaylah McP / Astra Sharma || 6–7(1), 3–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Taylah Preston || First Round || Valeria Lepchenko / Anna Falei || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Polish Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Daniela Semenistaja || Quarterfinals || Weronika Falkowska / Martyna Kubka || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Kimberly Birrell || Quarterfinals || Katarzyna Piter / Fanny Stollar || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || En Shuo Liang || Quarterfinals || Giuliana Olmos / Alexandra Panova || 1–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2025 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Jana Fett (133) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Singapore Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Simona Waltert (179) || 3–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessica Pegula (4) || 6–7, 7–5, 3–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Second Round || Iga Świątek (2) || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Marta Kostyuk (27) || 0–6, 1–6 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || First Round || Emiliana Arango (85) || 0–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- |Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová || 5-7, 7-6(5), 1-6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || First Round || Magda Linette (31) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Eastbourne Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Finals (RunnerUp) || Maya Joint || 4–6, 6–1, 6–7 (10–12) |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || First Round || Barbora Krejčíková (16) || 6–3, 2–6, 1–6 |- | National Bank Open (Montreal) || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Markéta Vondroušová (63) || 6–3, 1–6, 2–6 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Second Round || Cristina Bucșa (95) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | São Paulo Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Janice Tjen (130) || 4–6, 1–6 |- | China Open (Wuhan) || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Moyuka Uchijima (91) || 4–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | Japan Women's Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Valentová (78) || 1–6, 2–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Claire Liu (305) || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | Hong Kong Tennis Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Second Round || Victoria Mboko (21) || 6–3, 3–6, 4–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Shuai Wei (134) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Mai Hontama (166) || 6–7, 2–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Second Round || Panna Udvardy (137) || 6–7, 4–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová (152) || 5–7, 7–6, 1–6 |- | Ilkley Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Rebecca Marino (107) || 6–1, 0–6, 6–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Champion || Panna Udvardy (134) || 1–6, 7–5, 6–3 |- | Jingshan Tennis Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Lulu Sun (146) || 6–3, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Suzhou Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Viktorija Golubic (70) || 6–2, 2–6, 6–7 |} '''Withdrawals''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Reason |- | Cincinnati Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Shoulder injury |- | Monterrey Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Shoulder injury |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Nadiia Kichenok || Semifinals || Katarzyna Piter / Janice Tjen || 7–6(4), 3–6, 5–10 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Coco Gauff || Quarterfinals || Jasmine Paolini / Sara Errani || 5–7, 6–3, 7–10 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Renata Zarazúa || Second Round || Olga Danilović / Anastasia Potapova || 1–6, 3–6 |- | Hong Kong Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Chan Hao‑ching || First Round || Kamilla Rakhimova / Aliaksandra Sasnovich || 6–3, 1–6, 7–10 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Eva Lys || First Round || Ingrid Gamarra Martins / Quinn Gleason || 4–6, 2–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Rebeka Masarova || First Round || Storm Hunter / Ellen Perez || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Tsao Chia‑yi || First Round || Amina Anshba / Elena Pridankina || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Katie Volynets || First Round || Carmen Corley / Olivia Gadecki || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2026 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Semifinals || Wang Xinyu || 7–5, 5–7, 6–4 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || First Round || Alycia Parks || 6–0, 3–6, 2–6 |- | Philippines Womens Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals|| Camila Osorio || 4-6, 4-6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ekaterina Alexandrova|| 3-6, 3-6 |- | Qatar Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round|| Tereza Valentová|| 6-7 (6), 1-6 |- |Dubai Tennis Championships |WTA 1000 |Hard |Quarterfinals |Coco Gauff |0-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Linda Noskova |2-6, 0-6 |- |Miami Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Karolína Muchová |0-6,2-6 |- |Linz Open |WTA 500 |Clay |Second Round |Jelena Ostapenko |4-6, 5-7 |- |Stuttgart Open |WTA 500 |Clay | First Round | Leylah Fernandez | 1-6, 4-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Second Round |Elise Mertens |2-6, 1-6 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Third Round |Elena Rybakina |4-6, 3-6 |- |Strasbourg International |WTA 500 |Clay |First Round |Oleksandra Oliynykova |6-3, 5-7, 3-6 |- |French Open |Grand Slam |Clay |First Round |Iva Jovic |4-6, 2-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Second Round |Alina Charaeva | |- |HSBC Championships |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Berlin Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Bad Homburg Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Wimbledon |Grand Slam |Grass | | | |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Iva Jovic || Semifinals || Xu Yifan / Yang Zhaoxuan || 5–7, 3–6 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Ingrid Martins || First Round || Shuko Aoyama / Magda Linette || 6–7(3), 6–2, 3–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Janice Tjen|| Semifinals|| Tereza Mihalíková / Olivia Nicholls|| 4-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Iva Jovic |First Round |Hailey Baptiste / Jelena Ostapenko |2-6, 2-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Zeynep Sönmez |Second Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |1-6, 5-7 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Hailey Baptiste |First Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |2-6, 1-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Nikola Bartůňková |First Round |Harriet Dart / Maia Lumsden |4-6, 6-2, 9-11 |- |} == Taunang ranggo ng WTA == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ ! Taon !! Isahan !! Dalawahan |- | 2021 || 529 || 780 |- | 2022 || 219 || 594 |- | 2023 || 205 || 436 |- | 2024 || 158 || 239 |- | 2025 || 50 || 161 |} Pinagmulan: Opisyal na Profile ni Alex Eala sa WTA<ref name=":63" /> == Estilo ng Paglalaro == Si Eala ay isang agresibong baseliner na gumagamit ng forehand at matatag na backhand upang kontrolin ang rally. Bilang kaliwete, nakalilikha siya ng mabigat na topspin at kilala sa mahusay na return game. Ang kanyang pangunahing kahinaan ay ang serve, na kulang sa bilis at variety, kahit mas epektibo siya sa hard courts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caramoan |first=Miguel Alfonso |date=January 19, 2026 |title=What’s next for Alex Eala after 2026 Australian Open first-round exit? |url=https://www.espn.ph/tennis/story/_/id/47658308/what-next-alex-eala-2026-australian-open-first-round-exit |website=ESPN |language=en|access-date=January 24, 2026}}</ref> Nakamit na niya ang semifinals ng WTA 1000 at tinalo ang tatlong major champions sa [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|2025 Miami Open]].<ref name=":Gulf">{{Cite web |title=What Alexandra Eala Needs to Win Titles and Beat Top Players |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/what-alexandra-eala-needs-to-win-titles-and-beat-top-players-1.500440043 |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Gulf News}}</ref> Ayon sa mga analyst, kailangan niyang palakasin ang serve, dagdagan ang variety, at patatagin ang kondisyon upang makipagsabayan sa pinakamalalaking titulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2026 |title=Alex Eala told where she can improve: Martina Navratilova offers advice |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/alex-eala-told-where-she-can-improve-martina-navratilova-offers-advice |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> === Pagganap ni Eala Laban sa mga Top 20 na Manlalaro === {| class="wikitable" ! Kategorya !! Estadistika !! Konteksto |- | Aces || 21 || Mas umaasa sa placement kaysa sa lakas |- | Double Faults || 77 || Mataas ang bilang, isyu sa consistency |- | First Serve % || 64.9% || Matibay na pagiging maaasahan |- | First Serve Points Won || 60.9% || Mas mababa kaysa sa average ng Top 10 (~70%) |- | Second Serve Points Won || 47.2% || Madaling mabigo kapag nasa pressure |- | Break Points Saved || 52.7% || Katamtamang tibay |- | Service Points Won || 56.1% || Pangkalahatang bisa |- | Service Games Won || 64.1% || Nakakapag-hold ng serve ~2/3 ng oras |- | Return Points Won || 44.2% || Mas malakas kaysa sa serve stats |- | 1st Return Points Won || 36.7% || Nahihirapan laban sa malalakas mag-serve |- | 2nd Return Points Won || 56.4% || Agresibo laban sa mahihinang serve |- | Break Points Converted || 42.5% || Mabisa kapag may pagkakataon |- | Return Games Won || 35.5% || Matatag na returner na nakakaistorbo |- | Dominance Ratio (DR) || 0.79 || Kompetitibo ngunit mas mababa sa elite (>1.0 karaniwan sa Top 10) |} Ang serve ni Eala ay gumagana ngunit hindi nakakapangibabaw. Ang mataas na bilang ng double fault at katamtamang tagumpay sa first serve ay pumipigil sa kanya na kontrolin ang laro. Gayunpaman, ang kanyang return game ay malinaw na lakas—lalo na laban sa second serves kung saan nananalo siya ng higit sa kalahati ng mga puntos. Sa dominance ratio na 0.79, mas mababa siya sa antas ng elite ngunit ipinapakita na kaya niyang makipagsabayan sa mas mataas na ranggo. Ang pagpapabuti sa pagiging maaasahan ng serve ang maaaring maging susi upang mapalapit siya sa Top 10. ==== Mahahalagang Laban ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Petsa !! Torneo !! Kalaban !! Ranggo !! Resulta !! Tala |- | Mar 2025 || Miami QF || Iga Świątek || #2 || '''Panalo 6–2, 7–5''' || Breakthrough win laban sa World No. 1 |- | Mar 2025 || Miami R32 || Madison Keys || #5 || '''Panalo 6–4, 6–3''' || Unang panalo laban sa Top 10 |- | Mar 2025 || Miami SF || Jessica Pegula || #4 || Talo 6–7, 7–5, 3–6 || Dikdikang 3-set na laban |- | May 2025 || Madrid R32 || Iga Świątek || #1 || Talo 3–6, 2–6 || Naging 1–1 ang kanilang tunggalian |- | Aug 2025 || US Open R128 || Clara Tauson || #14 || '''Panalo 6–3, 2–6, 7–6(11)''' || Makasaysayang debut win sa Grand Slam |- | Jul 2025 || Wimbledon R64 || Barbora Krejčíková || #16 || Talo 4–6, 2–6 || Unang Wimbledon main draw |- | Feb 2026 || Dubai R32 || Jasmine Paolini || #6 || '''Panalo 6–1, 7–6(5)''' || Pinakabagong panalo laban sa Top 10 |- | Feb 2026 || Dubai QF || Coco Gauff || #3 || Talo 0–6, 2–6 || Mabigat na pagkatalo |} May apat na malinaw na panalo si Eala laban sa mga Top 20 na kalaban, laban sa pitong pagkatalo. Ang straight‑set na tagumpay niya laban kay Świątek sa Miami 2025 ang nananatiling pinakamahalagang breakthrough, habang ang mga panalo laban kina Keys, Tauson, at Paolini ay nagpapatunay na kaya niyang umangat sa mahihirap na laban. Ang mga pagkatalo kina Pegula, Gauff, at Krejčíková ay nagpapakita ng inconsistency na kailangan pa niyang lampasan. Sa edad na 21, napatunayan na niyang kaya niyang talunin ang pinakamagagaling. Ang hamon ngayon ay kung paano mapapanatili ang antas na iyon sa iba’t ibang torneo. Sa pagpapabuti ng kanyang serve, may pundasyon na siya upang maging regular na Grand Slam contender.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennis Abstract: Alexandra Eala vs. Top 20 Players |url=https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=ACareerqqITop_20qqv1 |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=Tennis Abstract}}</ref> == Ibang larangan == === Pambansang koponan === Kinatawan ni Eala ang [[Pilipinas]] sa mga internasyonal na torneo. Nagwagi siya ng mga medalya sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2021_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2021]] (pilak sa singles, team, at mixed doubles) at sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2022_Asian_Games|Asian Games 2022]] (pilak sa singles at mixed doubles).<ref name=":7">{{cite news |last1=Carandang |first1=Justin Kenneth |date=May 20, 2022 |title=Tennis ace Alex Eala settles for bronze in women's singles |work=[[GMA News]] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/sports/othersports/832339/tennis-ace-alex-eala-settles-for-bronze-in-women-s-singles/story/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 25, 2025}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite news |last=Payo |first=Jasmine |date=September 29, 2023 |title=Alex Eala bags 2nd Asian Games bronze with Alcantara in doubles |language=en-US |work=[[Rappler]] |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/tennis-semifinal-results-mixed-doubles-alex-eala-francis-casey-alcantara-asian-games-september-29-2023/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 10, 2025}}</ref> Noong 2024, pinangunahan niya ang koponan sa 5–0 panalo sa Group II ng Billie Jean King Cup qualifiers, na nag-angat sa Pilipinas sa Group I.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Luisa |date=December 2, 2024 |title=Alex Eala relishes leading Team Philippines to BJK Cup promotion in Bahrain |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/26898/alex-eala-relishes-leading-team-philippines-to-bjk-cup-promotion-in-bahrain |url-status=live |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=One Sports |language=en}}</ref> Sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2025_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2025]], nakamit niya ang ginto sa women's singles at tanso sa mixed doubles at team events.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=December 18, 2025 |title=Alex Eala wins SEA Games tennis gold, ends long drought for PH|url=https://sports.inquirer.net/655069/alex-eala-wins-sea-games-tennis-gold-ends-long-drought-for-ph |access-date=December 18, 2025 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref> ===Mga Eksibisyon na Laro=== ====Singles: 1 (titles)==== {|class="wikitable" !Resulta !{{ns}}Petsa{{ns}} !Torneo !Uri ng Korte !Kalaban !Iskor |- |Panalo | Enero 2026 |[[:en:Kooyong_Classic|Kooyong Classic]], Melbourne, Australia |Matigas na Korte |[[:en:Donna Vekić|Donna Vekić]] |6–3, 6–4 |} === Mga sponsorship === Simula pagkabata, sinuportahan si Eala ng [[:en:Globe_Telecom|Globe Telecom]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 25, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Opens Up About Life |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/about-us/newsroom/corporate/alex-eala-meet-and-greet}}</ref> at kalaunan ay nagkaroon ng mga endorsement mula sa [[:en:Babolat|Babolat]], [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]], at [[:en:Bank_of_the_Philippine_Islands|BPI]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Champ’s choice: Alex Eala signs up as BPI’s newest endorser|url=https://bilyonaryo.com/2023/01/25/champs-choice-alex-eala-signs-up-as-bpis-newest-endorser/money/}}</ref> bago naging brand ambassador ng [[:en:Milo_(drink)|Milo]] noong 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2026 |title=MILO Active Pilipinas launched with Eala as new ambassador |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/milo-active-pilipinas-launched-with-eala-as-new-ambassador.html}}</ref> === Mga parangal === Walong beses nang kinilala si Eala ng [[:en:Philippine_Sportswriters_Association|Philippine Sportswriters Association]] sa [[:en:PSA_Annual_Awards|PSA Annual Awards]], kabilang ang paggawad sa kanya bilang ''Athlete of the Year'' noong 2026.<ref>Citations for Eala's PSA Annual Awards: *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 25, 2019 |title=Top PH athletes share limelight in PSA Awards 2019 |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/224351-philippine-athletes-sportswriters-association-awards-2019/ |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Gionco |first=Mark |date=February 29, 2020 |title=PH tennis rising star Alex Eala to be feted at PSA Awards |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/387640/ph-tennis-rising-star-alex-eala-to-be-feted-at-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=March 12, 2021 |title=PSA to honor tennis star Eala, boxing champs Casimero, Taduran |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/3/12/psa-to-honor-tennis-star-eala-boxing-champs-casimero-taduran |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 27, 2022 |title=Scribes fete world-class PH boxers |language=en |website=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/27/scribes-fete-world-class-ph-boxers/ |url-status=live |access-date=October 12, 2025 |archive-url= |archive-date=}} *{{Cite news |date=February 12, 2023 |title=PSA Awards: Young Alex Eala to be recognized with President's Award |language=en-US |website=Tiebreaker Times |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/psa-awards-young-alex-eala-to-be-recognized-with-presidents-award/261823 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 10, 2023 |title=Eala recipient of PSA Prexy Awards |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2023/02/10/2243942/eala-recipient-psa-prexy-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=January 24, 2024 |title=Alex Eala, Tots Carlos to be recognized in PSA Awards |website=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/01/15/24/alex-eala-tots-carlos-to-be-recognized-in-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Malanum |first=Jean |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala tops PSA achievers for September |language=en |website=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1260619 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala leads PSA's September honorees |language=en |website=SunStar Publishing Inc. |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/sports/eala-leads-psas-september-honorees |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 17, 2026 |title=Alex Eala hails PSA Athlete of the Year award a proof of PH tennis' rise |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/people/athletes/alex-eala-hails-athlete-of-year-award-proof-tennis-rise-philippines/ |access-date=February 17, 2026}}</ref> Noong 2021, isinama siya ng [[:en:Tatler_Asia|''Tatler Asia'']] sa talaan ng mga pinaka-maimpluwensiyang personalidad sa Asya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asia's Most Influential Philippines 2021 |url=https://www.tatlerasia.com/list/ami/ph?page=3&industry=all&region=ph&year=2021}}</ref> Noong Abril 2025, ginawaran si Eala ng ''Premios Tanglaw'' ng [[:en:Embassy_of_the_Philippines|Embahada ng Pilipinas]] sa Madrid bilang pagkilala sa kanyang ambag sa [[:en:Philippines–Spain_relations|ugnayan ng Pilipinas at Espanya]].<ref>{{cite news |date=April 2025 |title=Premios Tanglaw honoring Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/premios-tanglaw-eala}}</ref> Noong 2026, kinilala siya ng Forbes Asia bilang isa sa kanilang [[:en:Forbes_30_Under_30|30 Under 30]] sa kategoryang Libangan at Isports, dahil sa kanyang papel sa pag-angat ng Pilipinas sa pandaigdigang tennis.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Watson |first=Rana Wehbe |date=May 27, 2026 |title=30 Under 30 Asia’s Next Icons: The Gen Z Athletes And Music Artists Rewriting The Playbook |work=Forbes Asia |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ranawehbe/2026/05/27/30-under-30-asias-next-icons-the-gen-z-athletes-and-music-artists-rewriting-the-playbook/ |access-date=May 27, 2026}}</ref> ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} ==Mga panlabas na kawing== [https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/- Alexandra Eala Official WTA Page] [https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/s/overview/ Alexandra Eala Official ITF Women's World Tennis Page] [https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=v1 Alexandra Eala's Tennis Abstract page] [[:en:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on English Wikipedia (English)]] [https://tv-philippines.fandom.com/wiki/Alex_Eala Alexandra Eala on Fandom (English)] [[:simple:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on Simple Wikipedia]] 6kg1y812bn8lchs941xtb32tsejzme2 2210291 2210290 2026-06-04T02:20:53Z Tabilay 153890 /* Pagganap ni Eala Laban sa mga Top 20 na Manlalaro */ 2210291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}} Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' (ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Quezon City]]) ay isang Pilipinang manlalaro ng [[tenis]]. Siya ang pinakamataas na naitalang ranggong Pilipino sa WTA, na umabot sa world No. 29 noong Marso 16, 2026.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |last=Castillejo |first=Dyan |date=March 16, 2026 |title=Alex Eala rises to career-high World No. 29 |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/3/16/eala-rises-to-career-high-world-no-29-in-latest-wta-rankings-1032}}</ref> Nanalo siya ng mga junior Grand Slam: doubles sa 2020 Australian Open at 2021 French Open, at girls' singles sa 2022 US Open.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=September 10, 2022 |title=Eala captures US Open girls' singles crown |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/final-results-alex-eala-lucie-havlickova-us-open-september-10-2022/}}</ref> Sa pro circuit, mayroon siyang limang ITF singles at tatlong ITF doubles title. Noong 2025, umabot siya sa semifinals ng Miami Open, nag-final sa Eastbourne Open, at nagkampeon sa WTA 125 Guadalajara Open.<ref name=":63">{{Cite web |title=WTA: Alexandra Eala |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/alexandra-eala/matches#main-content |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox tennis biography |name = Alexandra Eala |image = Ealas and Patrick Gregorio (cropped Alexandra Eala).jpg |image_upright = .8 |caption = Eala at the [[:en:2025 SEA Games|2025 SEA Games]] |fullname = Alexandra Maniego Eala |country = {{PHI}} |residence = [[Metro Manila]], Philippines<br>[[Mallorca]], Spain |birth_date = {{birth date and age|2005|5|23}} |birth_place = [[Quezon City]], Philippines |height = {{height|m=1.75}} |turnedpro = March 2020 |plays = Left-handed (two-handed backhand) |coach = Joan Bosch<br> Alexandro Viaene<br>Lluc Bauza (Fitness Coach) |careerprizemoney = US 1,997,574 |singlesrecord = {{tennis record|won=212|lost=130}} |singlestitles = 0 |highestsinglesranking = No. 29 (March 16, 2026) |currentsinglesranking = No. 37 (May 25, 2026) |doublesrecord = {{tennis record|won=48|lost=46}} |doublestitles = 0 |highestdoublesranking = No. 88 (May 4, 2026) |currentdoublesranking = No. 116 (May 25, 2026) |updated = May 25, 2026 |AustralianOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's singles|2025]],[[:en:2026 French Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |Wimbledonresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles|2025]]) |USOpenresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 US Open – Women's singles|2025]]) |AustralianOpenDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's doubles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenDoublesresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's doubles|2025]]) |WimbledonDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles|2025]]) | medaltemplates-expand = no | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry |the {{PHI}}}} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the SEA Games|SEA Games]]}} {{MedalGold | 2025 Thailand | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Team }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Team }} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}} {{MedalBronze | 2022 Hangzhou | Singles }} {{MedalBronze|2022 Hangzhou|Mixed doubles}} }} == Maagang buhay == Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' ay ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Lungsod Quezon]], Pilipinas, kina Michael Eala (business executive)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jara-Puyod |first1=Mariecar |title=‘Eala’s grit, humility and passion have captured every Filipino’s heart,' says Philippine Ambassador Alfonso Ver |url=https://www.gulftoday.ae/sport/2026/02/20/ealas-grit-humility-and-passion-have-captured-every-filipinos-heart-says-philippine-ambassador-alfonso-ver |website=Gulf Today |publisher=Gulf Today |access-date=26 March 2026}}</ref> at [[:en:Rizza_Maniego-Eala|Rosemarie Maniego-Eala]], dating CFO ng [[Globe Telecom]] (hanggang 2024) at dating pambansang manlalangoy na nagwagi ng tansong medalya sa [[:en:1985_SEA_Games|1985 SEA Games]]. Ang kanyang mga tiyuhin ay sina [[:en:Noli_Eala|Noli Eala]] (dating chairperson ng [[:en:Philippine_Sports_Commission|Philippine Sports Commission]] at commissioner ng [[Philippine Basketball Association]])<ref name="Philstar">{{cite news |last1=Acebuche |first1=Yoniel |title=Alex Eala: What to know about the tennis phenom making history on the court |url=https://www.philstarlife.com/celebrity/828326-what-to-know-alex-eala |access-date=August 28, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]] |date=March 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cordero |first=Abac |date=August 30, 2022 |title=Noli Eala named new Philippine Sports Commission chairman |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2022/08/30/2206206/noli-eala-named-new-philippine-sports-commission-chairman |access-date=November 5, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]]}}</ref> at si Rhett Eala (fashion designer).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tunac |first1=Hermes Joy |title=Alex Eala reveals uncle Rhett Eala designed the elegant Filipiniana she wore at Laureus Awards 2026 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/shoppingandfashion/985027/alex-eala-reveals-uncle-rhett-eala-designed-the-elegant-filipiniana-she-wore-at-laureus-awar/story/ |work=[[GMA News]] |date=April 23, 2026}}</ref> Ang nakatatanda niyang kapatid na si Michael Francis “Miko” Eala ay naglaro ng tennis para sa [[:en:Penn_State_Nittany_Lions|Penn State]] mula 2020 hanggang 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |author1=Castillejo, Dyan |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Filipino athletes graduate as part of Penn State's class of 2024 |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/2024/5/6/filipino-athletes-graduate-as-part-of-penn-state-s-class-of-2024-1839 |work=[[ABS-CBN News]]}}</ref><ref name="PEP2">{{Cite news |last1=Bravo |date=March 27, 2025 |title=Who is Alex Eala, Pinoy tennis player at 2025 Miami Open? |url=https://www.pep.ph/peptionary/186040/alex-eala-a5128-20250327 |website=Philippine Entertainment Portal}}</ref> Nagsimulang maglaro si Eala ng tennis sa edad na apat, matapos ipakilala ng kanyang lolo sa ina na si Roberto Maniego, na siya rin ang una niyang coach.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hilotin |title=Alex Eala: Rapid rise in tennis rankings, what's next? |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/alex-eala-rapid-rise-in-tennis-rankings-whats-next-1.500248201 |work=[Gulf News |date=August 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 30, 2022 |title=The rise of Alexandra Eala making headlines in the Philippines and beyond |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2921343/alexandra-eala |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Payo |date=August 31, 2025 |title=Alex Eala and the guts to be first |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-guts-first-philippine-tennis/ |work=[[Rappler]]}}</ref> Nag-aral siya sa Immaculate Conception Academy sa [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]] at [[:en:Colegio_San_Agustin_–_Makati|Colegio San Agustin]] sa [[Makati]], bago lumipat sa [[:en:Rafa_Nadal_Academy|Rafa Nadal Academy]] sa [[:en:Manacor|Manacor]], Espanya, kung saan siya nagtapos noong 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mina |title=How Alex Eala became a world-class tennis champion |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/10/22/22/what-it-took-for-alex-eala-to-become-a-tennis-world-champ |work=[[ABS-CBN News]] |date=October 22, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 19, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Biography: Acing Her Path to the Tennis Court |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/blog/alex-eala-journey-to-pro |website=[[Globe Telecom|Globe]]}}</ref> == Personal na buhay == Paborito ni Eala ang [[:en:Kaldereta|kaldereta]] at mas gusto niya ang [[matcha]] kaysa kape.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mina |first=Inna |date=3 Pebrero 2026 |title=Ikaw ba ay tao ng Kare-Kare? Ang ranggo ni Alex Eala sa pagkaing Pilipino ay maaaring ikagulat mo |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/40770/are-you-a-kare-kare-person-alex-eala-filipino-food-rankings-might-surprise-you |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=One Sports |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Castillejo |first1=Dyan |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala at mga kapwa propesyonal ang kanilang personalidad sa labas ng korte sa Players Box Podcast |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/4/1/alex-eala-joins-fellow-players-on-the-players-box-podcast-0007 |website=ABS-CBN Sports |publisher=ABS-CBN Network |access-date=31 Marso 2026}}</ref> Multilingual siya at nagsasalita ng Ingles, Kastila, at [[Wikang Tagalog|Tagalog]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Futterman |first1=Matthew |title=Bumalik si Alex Eala sa Miami Open, kung saan nagsimula ang isang pangarap na nagpasiklab ng fenomeno sa tennis |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7124102/2026/03/19/tennis-alex-eala-philippines-miami-open/ |website=The Athletic |publisher=The New York Times |access-date=25 Marso 2026}}</ref> Itinuturing niya ang [[:en:Wimbledon_Championships|Wimbledon]] bilang paborito niyang Grand Slam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=3 Hulyo 2025 |title='Living my dream': Nagdiwang si Alex Eala sa makasaysayang Wimbledon stint |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-revels-historic-wimbledon-stint-2025/ |access-date=3 Hulyo 2025 |website=Rappler |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 Disyembre 2025 |title=Vogue Rapid-Fire interview kay Alex Eala |url=https://www.instagram.com/reels/DSoxP5lk1bS/ |access-date=24 Disyembre 2025 |website=Instagram |language=tl}}</ref> Binanggit niya si [[Maria Sharapova]] bilang impluwensya sa kanyang istilo ng laro at nakapagsanay na siya kasama si [[Rafael Nadal]] at ang kapatid niyang si Miko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atencio |first=Peter |date=19 Hulyo 2025 |title=Ang impluwensya ni Sharapova ang nagtutulak sa agresibong laro ni Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/sports-plus/314618107/sharapovas-influence-drives-alex-ealas-aggressive-game.html |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Manila Standard |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=20 Nobyembre 2025 |title=Naglaro si Alex Eala kasama si Rafael Nadal |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/649046/alex-eala-trains-with-rafael-nadal-in-his-return-to-court |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Inquirer |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 Agosto 2025 |title=Bago ang malalaking tao, palaging nasa tabi ni Alex Eala ang kanyang kapatid na si Miko |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/get-to-know-alex-eala-older-brother-and-avid-supporter-miko-a6035-20250827 |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> Pagkatapos ng kanyang breakout sa 2025 Miami Open, lumawak ang kanyang kasikatan sa Pilipinas at sa mga [[:en:Overseas_Filipinos_Filipino_diaspora|komunidad ng Pilipino sa ibayong dagat]], na inihalintulad ng ilang komentarista sa impluwensya ni [[Manny Pacquiao]]. Ayon sa mamamahayag at dating manlalaro ng tennis na si [[:en:Dyan_Castillejo|Dyan Castillejo]], tinatrato na siya ng mga tagahanga “na para bang nanalo na siya ng Grand Slam.” Nakatulong din ang paggamit niya ng Tagalog sa pagpapalakas ng ugnayan sa mga tagasuporta, at ang kanyang pag-angat ay nagpasiklab ng bagong interes sa tennis sa bansa. Inihambing din ng mga analista ang epekto niya sa paglawak ng tennis sa mga pigura tulad nina [[:en:Li_Na|Li Na]] at [[:en:Ons_Jabeur|Ons Jabeur]].<ref name=":0" /> Mas naging palakaibigan si Eala sa tour at nakabuo ng mga sumusuportang pagkakaibigan kina [[:en:Iva_Jović|Iva Jović]], [[:en:Zeynep_Sonmez|Zeynep Sonmez]], [[:en:Victoria_Mboko|Victoria Mboko]], [[:en:Eva_Lys|Eva Lys]], [[:en:Leylah_Fernandez|Leylah Fernandez]], at [[:en:Lizette_Cabrera|Lizette Cabrera]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reyes |first=Kate |date=9 Marso 2026 |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala ang mga kaibigan na kanyang nakilala sa kanyang batang karera sa WTA |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/alex-eala-bares-friends-she-has-made-in-her-young-wta-career-a6035-20260309 |access-date=9 Marso 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> ==Karera== ===Junior na Taon=== Nagtagumpay si Eala sa junior circuit, kabilang ang kanyang mga panalo sa singles sa [[:en:2022_US_Open_–_Girls'_singles|US Open]] at mga titulo sa doubles sa [[:en:2020_Australian_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|Australian Open]] at [[:en:2021_French_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|French Open]].<ref name=":63" /> === Propesyonal === ==== ITF tour ==== Mula sa kanyang mga junior na karera, lumipat si Eala sa [[:en:ITF_Women's_World_Tennis_Tour|ITF circuit]], kung saan unti-unti niyang pinagtibay ang kanyang rekord. Mula 2021 hanggang 2024, nakamit niya ang anim na titulo sa singles, kabilang ang torneo na [[:en:2024_Open_Araba_en_Femenino_–_Singles|W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz]]. Sa doubles, nagwagi siya ng tatlong titulo noong 2024, kasama sina [[:en:Darja_Semeņistaja|Darja Semeņistaja]] at [[:en:Estelle_Cascino|Estelle Cascino]].<ref name=":63" /> ====WTA Tour==== Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa [[:en:WTA_Tour|WTA Tour]] noong 2021 sa kanyang unang pagsabak sa [[:en:2021_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], kung saan nabigo siyang makalusot sa qualifying. Lumahok din siya sa [[:en:2021_Winners_Open_–_Singles|Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca)]], ngunit natigil sa ikalawang yugto.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2022, muling naglaro si Eala sa [[:en:2022_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] ngunit natanggal sa unang yugto. Sinubukan din niyang makapasok sa [[:en:2022_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], subalit nabigo siya sa qualifying.<ref name=":63" /> Pagsapit ng 2023, sumabak siya sa [[:en:2023_Thailand_Open_–_Singles|Thailand Open (Hua Hin)]], [[:en:2023_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2023_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2023_Japan_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Japan Women’s Open (Osaka)]], [[:en:2023_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], at [[:en:2023_Jasmin_Open_–_Singles|Jasmin Open (Monastir, Tunisia)]], ngunit hindi siya nakalusot sa unang yugto ng mga nasabing torneo.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2024_Veneto_Open_–_Singles|Veneto Open (Italy)]] bago mapatigil ni [[:en:Sara_Errani|Sara Errani]]. Gayunman, karamihan sa kanyang kampanya ay nauwi sa maagang pagkatanggal sa mga torneo tulad ng [[:en:2024_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2024_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2024_Wuhan_Open_–_Singles|Wuhan Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], [[:en:2024_Guadalajara_Open_Akron_–_Singles|Guadalajara Akron Open]], [[:en:2024_Ningbo_Open_–_Singles|Ningbo Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Jiangxi_Open_–_Singles|Jiangxi Open (Jiujiang, China)]], [[:en:2024_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Nottingham_Open_–_Women's_singles|Nottingham Open]], [[:en:2024_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra International]], [[:en:2024_Polish_Open_–_Singles|Polish Open (Warsaw)]], at [[:en:2024_Makarska_International_Championships_–_Singles|Makarska Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, nakarating siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] bago mapigilan ni [[:en:Jessica_Pegula|Jessica Pegula]]. Sa damuhan, umabot siya sa final ng [[:en:2025_Eastbourne_Open_–_Women's_singles|Eastbourne Open]] at nagtapos bilang runner-up kay [[:en:Maya_Joint|Maya Joint]]. Nakamit din niya ang kanyang unang titulo sa Challenger/125 level sa [[:en:2025_Guadalajara_125_Open_–_Singles|Guadalajara 125 Open]], at umabot sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra Open]], [[:en:2025_Jingshan_Tennis_Open_–_Women's_singles|Jingshan Open (China)]], at [[:en:2025_Suzhou_WTA_125_–_Singles|Suzhou Open]]. Gayunpaman, hindi siya nagtagumpay sa [[:en:2025_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]], [[:en:2025_National_Bank_Open_–_Women's_singles|Canadian Open]], at [[:en:2025_Hong_Kong_Tennis_Open_–_Singles|Hong Kong Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nakapasok siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2026_ASB_Classic_–_Women's_singles|ASB Classic (Auckland)]] at [[:en:2026_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], at umabot din sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2026_Philippine_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Philippines Women’s Open]] at [[:en:2026_Dubai_Tennis_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Dubai Tennis Championships]]. Nakarating siya sa ika-apat na yugto ng [[:en:2026_BNP_Paribas_Open_–_Women's_singles|Indian Wells Open]] at [[:en:2026_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]]. Sa luwad, umabot siya sa ikatlong yugto ng [[:en:2026_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]] bago natalo kay [[:en:Elena_Rybakina|Elena Rybakina]], ngunit nabigo sa unang yugto ng [[:en:2026_Qatar_TotalEnergies_Open_–_Singles|Qatar Open]], [[:en:2026_Porsche_Tennis_Grand_Prix_–_Singles|Stuttgart Open]], at [[:en:2026_Internationaux_de_Strasbourg_–_Singles|Strasbourg International]].<ref name=":63" /> === Grand Slam === Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa mga torneo ng Grand Slam noong 2023 sa kanyang unang mga pagsubok sa qualifying, kabilang ang laban niya kay [[:en:Misaki_Doi|Misaki Doi]] sa opening round ng [[:en:2023_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa final qualifying round sa lahat ng apat na major—[[:en:2024_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open]], [[:en:2024_French_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|French Open]], [[:en:2024_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Wimbledon]], at [[:en:2024_US_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|US Open]]—ngunit hindi pa rin siya nakapasok sa main draw.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, muling sumabak si Eala sa [[:en:2025_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]] ngunit natanggal. Gayunman, nakapasok siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2025_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|French Open]] at [[:en:2025_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Wimbledon]], kung saan kapwa siya natalo sa unang yugto. Sa [[:en:2025_US_Open_–_Women's_singles|US Open]], umabot siya sa ikalawang round bago magpaubaya kay [[:en:Cristina_Bucșa|Cristina Bucșa]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nag-debut siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2026_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Australian Open]] ngunit natalo sa unang round kay [[:en:Alycia_Parks|Alycia Parks]]. Sa [[:en:2026_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|Roland Garros]], natigil din ang kanyang kampanya sa opening round matapos matalo kay [[:en:Iva_Jovic|Iva Jovic]].<ref name=":63" /> <!-- ===Eala's Matches=== ---> == Mga laro ni Eala == === Juniors === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Singles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || R2 || R3 || A || A |- | French Open || A || SF || A || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || A || W |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Doubles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || A || W || A || A |- | French Open || A || A || W || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || SF || – |} === ITF Women's World Tour === ==== ITF Titles ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Tournament !! Category !! Event !! Partner |- | 2021 || W15 Manacor || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2022 || W25 Chiang Rai || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Yecla || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Roehampton || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W50 Pune || ITF || Doubles || Darja Semeņistaja |- | 2024 || W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |} ===== ITF Singles ===== ''' 2020 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 2 || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anna Zarycka || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Lara Salden || 0–6, 6–2, 2–6 |- | Melilla || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anastasia Charaeva || 3–6, 3–6 |- | Monastir 9 || W15 || Hard || Second Round || Nina Stadler || 6–4, 6–7, 5–7 |} ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W15 Manacor || W15 || Hard || Final (Title) || Yvonne Cavalle-Reimers || 5–7, 6–1, 6–2 |- | W15 Manacor 2 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ylena In-Albon || 0–6, 3–6 |- | W15 Manacor 3 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Oksana Selekhmeteva || 2–6, 3–6 |- | W25 Grenoble || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Maja Chwalińska || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Manacor 4 || W25 || Hard || Second Round || Jana Fett || 6–4, 3–6, 5–7 |- | W15 Manacor 5 || W15 || Hard || First Round || Simona Waltert || 4–6, 6–2, 5–7 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || Second Round || Simona Waltert || 5–7, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Irene Burillo Escorihuela || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Madrid 2 || W25 || Hard || First Round || Andrea Lázaro García || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Milovice || W25 || Hard || First Round || Daria Astakhova || 2–6, 2–6 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Chiang Rai || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Luksika Kumkhum || 6–4, 6–2 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Erika Sema || 3–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Robbe || 6–7(3), 3–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Final || Marina Bassols Ribera || 4–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W60 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessika Ponchet || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 El Espinar || W25 || Hard || Semifinals || Eva Guerrero Alvarez || 2–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W100 Grodzisk Mazowiecki || W100 || Hard || First Round || Katharina Hobgarski || 4–6, 3–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Katarzyna Kawa || 6–2, 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Rancho Santa Fe || W80 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Marcela Zacarías || 2–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Hamburg || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Ysaline Bonaventure || 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Semifinals || Ysaline Bonaventure || 1–6, 6–3, 3–6 |- | W100 Shrewsbury || W100 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Maia Lumsden || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Yecla || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Valentina Ryser || 6–3, 7–5 |- | W25 Roehampton || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Arina Rodionova || 6–2, 6–3 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || Final || Destanee Aiava || 6–3, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || Final || Océane Dodin || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Final (Title) || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || 6–4, 6–4 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 6–4, 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Takasaki || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Mananchaya Sawangkaew || 6–4, 1–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Cary || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Renata Zarazúa || 6–3, 4–6, 3–6 |- | W100 Landisville || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Olivia Gadecki || 1–6, 6–0, 3–6 |- | W75 Porto || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna Bondar || 4–6, 7–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Trnava 1 || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anastasia Gureva || 2–6, 6–3, 6–7 |- | W75 Trnava 2 || W75 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Martincová || 6–3, 4–6, 6–7 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Second Round || Mona Barthel || 6–4, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Zagreb || W75 || Clay || First Round || Tena Lukas || 5–7, 6–3, 4–6 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || First Round || Selena Janicijevic || 3–6, 1–6 |- | W50 Indore || W50 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 4–6, 7–6, 2–6 |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Darja Semenistaja || 6–7, 0–6 |} ===== ITF Doubles ===== ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Madrid || W25 || Hard || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || Quarterfinals || Olivia Tjandramulia / Ashley Lahey || 5–7, 6–4, 6–10 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Oksana Selekhmeteva || Final || Justina Mikulskytė / Oana Simion || 3–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Manacor || W25 || Hard || Elsa Jacquemot || Quarterfinals || Olga Parres Azcoitia / Aurora Zantedeschi || 6–2, 4–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Macon || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Audrey Albie / Aubane Droguet || 4–6, 2–6 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 1 || W25 || Hard || Indy De Vroome || First Round || Patcharin Cheapchandej / Punnin Kovapitukted || 6–4, 5–7, 6–10 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Kyōka Okamura || Quarterfinals || Pimrada Jattavapornvanit / Gozal Ainitdinova || 6–4, 7–6(4), 2–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Olga Helmi / Adithya Karunaratne || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Liang En-shuo || Quarterfinals || Tímea Babos / Valeria Savinykh || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Palma del Río || W25 || Clay || Marina Bassols Ribera || Semifinals || Valeria Savinykh / Fanny Stollár || 2–6, 0–6 |- | W25 Corroios-Seixal || W25 || Hard || Lizette Cabrera || Quarterfinals || Justina Mikulskytė / Hong Yi Cody Wong || 5–7, 4–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Annaëlle Robbe || Second Round || Madison Brengle || 6–3, 6–7, 6–10 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Petra Marcinko || Quarterfinals || Miriam Skoch / Markéta Vondroušová || 5–7, 2–6 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W60 Trnava 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 4–6, 1–6 |- | W60 Chiasso || W60 || Clay || — || First Round || Beatrice Gumulya / Anna Sisková || 3–6, 6–4, 11–13 |- | W25 Zaragoza || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Alana Parnaby / Victoria Rodríguez || 6–4, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 5–7, 6–1, 9–11 |- | W60 Barcelona || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–4, 3–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Roehampton 2 || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Talia Gibson / Petra Hule || 1–6, 5–7 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Erina Hayashi / Saki Imamura || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W100 Tokyo 2 || W100 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 0–6, 7–5, 6–10 |- | W60 Glasgow 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Freya Christie / Olivia Gadecki || — |- | W60 Nantes || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Ekaterina Maklakova / Ekaterina Reyngold || 6–1, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Danielle Collins / Isabelle Haverlag || 2–6, 4–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Darja Semeņistaja || Final (Title) || Naiktha Bains / Fanny Stollár || 7–6(8), 6–3 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Maia Lumsden / Jessika Ponchet || 7–5, 7–6(4) |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Lia Karatancheva / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–3, 2–6, 10–4 |- | W75 Porto 3 || W75 || Hard || Alicia Barnett || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Friedsam / Aliccia Barnett || 3–6, 4–6 |- | W75 Trnava || W75 || Hard || Zeynep Sönmez || Semifinals || Lulu Sun / Moyuka Uchijima || 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Valentini Grammatikopoulou || Quarterfinals || Isabelle Haverlag / Erika Pridankina || 7–5, 4–6, 3–10 |} === WTA and WTA 125 tournaments === ==== 2021 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Court !! Category !! Opponent !! Round !! Score |- | Miami Open || Hard || WTA 1000 || Viktória Hrunčáková || Qualifying 1 || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca) || Clay || WTA 250 || Mayar Sherif || Second Round || 2–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2022 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Category !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Madison Brengle || 2–6, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Qualifying 1 || Anna Bondár || 0–6, 0–6 |} ==== 2023 ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Misaki Doi || 6–4, 1–6, 3–6 |- | Thailand Open (Hua Hin) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Irina-Camelia Begu || 2–6, 5–7 |- | Mutua Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Tatjana Maria || 1–6, 1–6 |- | Japan Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Himari Sakatsume (Q) || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (3) || 3–6, 0–6 |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Elise Mertens (2) || 5–7, 0–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Cristina Bucșa / Bibiane Schoofs || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2024 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Rebecca Peterson (18) || 2–6, 5–7 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Qualifying 3 || Julia Riera (2) || 6–4, 6–7, 4–6 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Qualifying 3 || Lulu Sun (23) || 6–7, 5–7 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 3 || Elena-Gabriela Ruse (20) || 6–3, 1–6, 4–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Emiliana Arango || 6–2, 5–7, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Sorana Cîrstea (27) || 3–6, 7–6, 4–6 |- | Wuhan Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Kateřina Siniaková || 3–6, 1–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Magda Linette || 6–7, 1–6 |- | Guadalajara Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Priscilla Hon || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Jiangxi Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (1) || 5–7, 6–7 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Bernarda Pera || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Qualifying 2 || Ena Shibahara || 7–6, 0–6, 2–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Céline Naef (5) || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Tatjana Maria (4) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Polish Open (Warsaw) || WTA 125 || Hard || First Round || Isabella Shinikova || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Veneto Open (Gaiba) || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Sara Errani (4) || 0–6, 6–7 |- | Makarska Open || WTA 125 || Clay || First Round || Maria Timofeeva (Q) || 6–1, 3–6, 2–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Laura Pigossi || Semifinals || Kaylah McP / Astra Sharma || 6–7(1), 3–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Taylah Preston || First Round || Valeria Lepchenko / Anna Falei || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Polish Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Daniela Semenistaja || Quarterfinals || Weronika Falkowska / Martyna Kubka || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Kimberly Birrell || Quarterfinals || Katarzyna Piter / Fanny Stollar || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || En Shuo Liang || Quarterfinals || Giuliana Olmos / Alexandra Panova || 1–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2025 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Jana Fett (133) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Singapore Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Simona Waltert (179) || 3–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessica Pegula (4) || 6–7, 7–5, 3–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Second Round || Iga Świątek (2) || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Marta Kostyuk (27) || 0–6, 1–6 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || First Round || Emiliana Arango (85) || 0–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- |Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová || 5-7, 7-6(5), 1-6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || First Round || Magda Linette (31) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Eastbourne Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Finals (RunnerUp) || Maya Joint || 4–6, 6–1, 6–7 (10–12) |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || First Round || Barbora Krejčíková (16) || 6–3, 2–6, 1–6 |- | National Bank Open (Montreal) || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Markéta Vondroušová (63) || 6–3, 1–6, 2–6 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Second Round || Cristina Bucșa (95) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | São Paulo Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Janice Tjen (130) || 4–6, 1–6 |- | China Open (Wuhan) || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Moyuka Uchijima (91) || 4–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | Japan Women's Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Valentová (78) || 1–6, 2–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Claire Liu (305) || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | Hong Kong Tennis Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Second Round || Victoria Mboko (21) || 6–3, 3–6, 4–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Shuai Wei (134) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Mai Hontama (166) || 6–7, 2–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Second Round || Panna Udvardy (137) || 6–7, 4–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová (152) || 5–7, 7–6, 1–6 |- | Ilkley Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Rebecca Marino (107) || 6–1, 0–6, 6–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Champion || Panna Udvardy (134) || 1–6, 7–5, 6–3 |- | Jingshan Tennis Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Lulu Sun (146) || 6–3, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Suzhou Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Viktorija Golubic (70) || 6–2, 2–6, 6–7 |} '''Withdrawals''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Reason |- | Cincinnati Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Shoulder injury |- | Monterrey Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Shoulder injury |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Nadiia Kichenok || Semifinals || Katarzyna Piter / Janice Tjen || 7–6(4), 3–6, 5–10 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Coco Gauff || Quarterfinals || Jasmine Paolini / Sara Errani || 5–7, 6–3, 7–10 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Renata Zarazúa || Second Round || Olga Danilović / Anastasia Potapova || 1–6, 3–6 |- | Hong Kong Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Chan Hao‑ching || First Round || Kamilla Rakhimova / Aliaksandra Sasnovich || 6–3, 1–6, 7–10 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Eva Lys || First Round || Ingrid Gamarra Martins / Quinn Gleason || 4–6, 2–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Rebeka Masarova || First Round || Storm Hunter / Ellen Perez || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Tsao Chia‑yi || First Round || Amina Anshba / Elena Pridankina || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Katie Volynets || First Round || Carmen Corley / Olivia Gadecki || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2026 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Semifinals || Wang Xinyu || 7–5, 5–7, 6–4 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || First Round || Alycia Parks || 6–0, 3–6, 2–6 |- | Philippines Womens Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals|| Camila Osorio || 4-6, 4-6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ekaterina Alexandrova|| 3-6, 3-6 |- | Qatar Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round|| Tereza Valentová|| 6-7 (6), 1-6 |- |Dubai Tennis Championships |WTA 1000 |Hard |Quarterfinals |Coco Gauff |0-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Linda Noskova |2-6, 0-6 |- |Miami Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Karolína Muchová |0-6,2-6 |- |Linz Open |WTA 500 |Clay |Second Round |Jelena Ostapenko |4-6, 5-7 |- |Stuttgart Open |WTA 500 |Clay | First Round | Leylah Fernandez | 1-6, 4-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Second Round |Elise Mertens |2-6, 1-6 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Third Round |Elena Rybakina |4-6, 3-6 |- |Strasbourg International |WTA 500 |Clay |First Round |Oleksandra Oliynykova |6-3, 5-7, 3-6 |- |French Open |Grand Slam |Clay |First Round |Iva Jovic |4-6, 2-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Second Round |Alina Charaeva | |- |HSBC Championships |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Berlin Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Bad Homburg Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Wimbledon |Grand Slam |Grass | | | |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Iva Jovic || Semifinals || Xu Yifan / Yang Zhaoxuan || 5–7, 3–6 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Ingrid Martins || First Round || Shuko Aoyama / Magda Linette || 6–7(3), 6–2, 3–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Janice Tjen|| Semifinals|| Tereza Mihalíková / Olivia Nicholls|| 4-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Iva Jovic |First Round |Hailey Baptiste / Jelena Ostapenko |2-6, 2-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Zeynep Sönmez |Second Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |1-6, 5-7 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Hailey Baptiste |First Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |2-6, 1-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Nikola Bartůňková |First Round |Harriet Dart / Maia Lumsden |4-6, 6-2, 9-11 |- |} == Taunang ranggo ng WTA == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ ! Taon !! Isahan !! Dalawahan |- | 2021 || 529 || 780 |- | 2022 || 219 || 594 |- | 2023 || 205 || 436 |- | 2024 || 158 || 239 |- | 2025 || 50 || 161 |} Pinagmulan: Opisyal na Profile ni Alex Eala sa WTA<ref name=":63" /> == Estilo ng Paglalaro == Si Eala ay isang agresibong baseliner na gumagamit ng forehand at matatag na backhand upang kontrolin ang rally. Bilang kaliwete, nakalilikha siya ng mabigat na topspin at kilala sa mahusay na return game. Ang kanyang pangunahing kahinaan ay ang serve, na kulang sa bilis at variety, kahit mas epektibo siya sa hard courts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caramoan |first=Miguel Alfonso |date=January 19, 2026 |title=What’s next for Alex Eala after 2026 Australian Open first-round exit? |url=https://www.espn.ph/tennis/story/_/id/47658308/what-next-alex-eala-2026-australian-open-first-round-exit |website=ESPN |language=en|access-date=January 24, 2026}}</ref> Nakamit na niya ang semifinals ng WTA 1000 at tinalo ang tatlong major champions sa [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|2025 Miami Open]].<ref name=":Gulf">{{Cite web |title=What Alexandra Eala Needs to Win Titles and Beat Top Players |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/what-alexandra-eala-needs-to-win-titles-and-beat-top-players-1.500440043 |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Gulf News}}</ref> Ayon sa mga analyst, kailangan niyang palakasin ang serve, dagdagan ang variety, at patatagin ang kondisyon upang makipagsabayan sa pinakamalalaking titulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2026 |title=Alex Eala told where she can improve: Martina Navratilova offers advice |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/alex-eala-told-where-she-can-improve-martina-navratilova-offers-advice |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> === Pagganap ni Eala Laban sa mga Top 20 na Manlalaro === {| class="wikitable" ! Kategorya !! Estadistika |- | Aces || 21 |- | Double Faults || 77 |- | First Serve % || 64.9% |- | First Serve Points Won || 60.9% |- | Second Serve Points Won || 47.2% |- | Break Points Saved || 52.7% |- | Service Points Won || 56.1% |- | Service Games Won || 64.1% |- | Return Points Won || 44.2% |- | 1st Return Points Won || 36.7% |- | 2nd Return Points Won || 56.4% |- | Break Points Converted || 42.5% |- | Return Games Won || 35.5% |- | Dominance Ratio (DR) || 0.79 |} Ang serve ni Eala ay gumagana ngunit hindi nakakapangibabaw. Ang mataas na bilang ng double fault at katamtamang tagumpay sa first serve ay pumipigil sa kanya na kontrolin ang laro. Gayunpaman, ang kanyang return game ay malinaw na lakas—lalo na laban sa second serves kung saan nananalo siya ng higit sa kalahati ng mga puntos. Sa dominance ratio na 0.79, mas mababa siya sa antas ng elite ngunit ipinapakita na kaya niyang makipagsabayan sa mas mataas na ranggo. Ang pagpapabuti sa pagiging maaasahan ng serve ang maaaring maging susi upang mapalapit siya sa Top 10. ==== Mahahalagang Laban ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Petsa !! Torneo !! Kalaban !! Ranggo !! Resulta |- | Mar 2025 || Miami QF || Iga Świątek || #2 || '''Panalo 6–2, 7–5''' |- | Mar 2025 || Miami R32 || Madison Keys || #5 || '''Panalo 6–4, 6–3''' |- | Mar 2025 || Miami SF || Jessica Pegula || #4 || Talo 6–7, 7–5, 3–6 |- | May 2025 || Madrid R32 || Iga Świątek || #1 || Talo 3–6, 2–6 |- | Aug 2025 || US Open R128 || Clara Tauson || #14 || '''Panalo 6–3, 2–6, 7–6(11)''' |- | Jul 2025 || Wimbledon R64 || Barbora Krejčíková || #16 || Talo 4–6, 2–6 |- | Feb 2026 || Dubai R32 || Jasmine Paolini || #6 || '''Panalo 6–1, 7–6(5)''' |- | Feb 2026 || Dubai QF || Coco Gauff || #3 || Talo 0–6, 2–6 |} May apat na malinaw na panalo si Eala laban sa mga Top 20 na kalaban, laban sa pitong pagkatalo. Ang straight‑set na tagumpay niya laban kay Świątek sa Miami 2025 ang nananatiling pinakamahalagang breakthrough, habang ang mga panalo laban kina Keys, Tauson, at Paolini ay nagpapatunay na kaya niyang umangat sa mahihirap na laban. Ang mga pagkatalo kina Pegula, Gauff, at Krejčíková ay nagpapakita ng inconsistency na kailangan pa niyang lampasan. Sa edad na 21, napatunayan na niyang kaya niyang talunin ang pinakamagagaling. Ang hamon ngayon ay kung paano mapapanatili ang antas na iyon sa iba’t ibang torneo. Sa pagpapabuti ng kanyang serve, may pundasyon na siya upang maging regular na Grand Slam contender.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennis Abstract: Alexandra Eala vs. Top 20 Players |url=https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=ACareerqqITop_20qqv1 |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=Tennis Abstract}}</ref> == Ibang larangan == === Pambansang koponan === Kinatawan ni Eala ang [[Pilipinas]] sa mga internasyonal na torneo. Nagwagi siya ng mga medalya sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2021_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2021]] (pilak sa singles, team, at mixed doubles) at sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2022_Asian_Games|Asian Games 2022]] (pilak sa singles at mixed doubles).<ref name=":7">{{cite news |last1=Carandang |first1=Justin Kenneth |date=May 20, 2022 |title=Tennis ace Alex Eala settles for bronze in women's singles |work=[[GMA News]] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/sports/othersports/832339/tennis-ace-alex-eala-settles-for-bronze-in-women-s-singles/story/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 25, 2025}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite news |last=Payo |first=Jasmine |date=September 29, 2023 |title=Alex Eala bags 2nd Asian Games bronze with Alcantara in doubles |language=en-US |work=[[Rappler]] |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/tennis-semifinal-results-mixed-doubles-alex-eala-francis-casey-alcantara-asian-games-september-29-2023/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 10, 2025}}</ref> Noong 2024, pinangunahan niya ang koponan sa 5–0 panalo sa Group II ng Billie Jean King Cup qualifiers, na nag-angat sa Pilipinas sa Group I.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Luisa |date=December 2, 2024 |title=Alex Eala relishes leading Team Philippines to BJK Cup promotion in Bahrain |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/26898/alex-eala-relishes-leading-team-philippines-to-bjk-cup-promotion-in-bahrain |url-status=live |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=One Sports |language=en}}</ref> Sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2025_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2025]], nakamit niya ang ginto sa women's singles at tanso sa mixed doubles at team events.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=December 18, 2025 |title=Alex Eala wins SEA Games tennis gold, ends long drought for PH|url=https://sports.inquirer.net/655069/alex-eala-wins-sea-games-tennis-gold-ends-long-drought-for-ph |access-date=December 18, 2025 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref> ===Mga Eksibisyon na Laro=== ====Singles: 1 (titles)==== {|class="wikitable" !Resulta !{{ns}}Petsa{{ns}} !Torneo !Uri ng Korte !Kalaban !Iskor |- |Panalo | Enero 2026 |[[:en:Kooyong_Classic|Kooyong Classic]], Melbourne, Australia |Matigas na Korte |[[:en:Donna Vekić|Donna Vekić]] |6–3, 6–4 |} === Mga sponsorship === Simula pagkabata, sinuportahan si Eala ng [[:en:Globe_Telecom|Globe Telecom]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 25, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Opens Up About Life |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/about-us/newsroom/corporate/alex-eala-meet-and-greet}}</ref> at kalaunan ay nagkaroon ng mga endorsement mula sa [[:en:Babolat|Babolat]], [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]], at [[:en:Bank_of_the_Philippine_Islands|BPI]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Champ’s choice: Alex Eala signs up as BPI’s newest endorser|url=https://bilyonaryo.com/2023/01/25/champs-choice-alex-eala-signs-up-as-bpis-newest-endorser/money/}}</ref> bago naging brand ambassador ng [[:en:Milo_(drink)|Milo]] noong 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2026 |title=MILO Active Pilipinas launched with Eala as new ambassador |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/milo-active-pilipinas-launched-with-eala-as-new-ambassador.html}}</ref> === Mga parangal === Walong beses nang kinilala si Eala ng [[:en:Philippine_Sportswriters_Association|Philippine Sportswriters Association]] sa [[:en:PSA_Annual_Awards|PSA Annual Awards]], kabilang ang paggawad sa kanya bilang ''Athlete of the Year'' noong 2026.<ref>Citations for Eala's PSA Annual Awards: *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 25, 2019 |title=Top PH athletes share limelight in PSA Awards 2019 |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/224351-philippine-athletes-sportswriters-association-awards-2019/ |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Gionco |first=Mark |date=February 29, 2020 |title=PH tennis rising star Alex Eala to be feted at PSA Awards |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/387640/ph-tennis-rising-star-alex-eala-to-be-feted-at-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=March 12, 2021 |title=PSA to honor tennis star Eala, boxing champs Casimero, Taduran |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/3/12/psa-to-honor-tennis-star-eala-boxing-champs-casimero-taduran |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 27, 2022 |title=Scribes fete world-class PH boxers |language=en |website=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/27/scribes-fete-world-class-ph-boxers/ |url-status=live |access-date=October 12, 2025 |archive-url= |archive-date=}} *{{Cite news |date=February 12, 2023 |title=PSA Awards: Young Alex Eala to be recognized with President's Award |language=en-US |website=Tiebreaker Times |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/psa-awards-young-alex-eala-to-be-recognized-with-presidents-award/261823 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 10, 2023 |title=Eala recipient of PSA Prexy Awards |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2023/02/10/2243942/eala-recipient-psa-prexy-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=January 24, 2024 |title=Alex Eala, Tots Carlos to be recognized in PSA Awards |website=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/01/15/24/alex-eala-tots-carlos-to-be-recognized-in-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Malanum |first=Jean |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala tops PSA achievers for September |language=en |website=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1260619 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala leads PSA's September honorees |language=en |website=SunStar Publishing Inc. |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/sports/eala-leads-psas-september-honorees |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 17, 2026 |title=Alex Eala hails PSA Athlete of the Year award a proof of PH tennis' rise |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/people/athletes/alex-eala-hails-athlete-of-year-award-proof-tennis-rise-philippines/ |access-date=February 17, 2026}}</ref> Noong 2021, isinama siya ng [[:en:Tatler_Asia|''Tatler Asia'']] sa talaan ng mga pinaka-maimpluwensiyang personalidad sa Asya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asia's Most Influential Philippines 2021 |url=https://www.tatlerasia.com/list/ami/ph?page=3&industry=all&region=ph&year=2021}}</ref> Noong Abril 2025, ginawaran si Eala ng ''Premios Tanglaw'' ng [[:en:Embassy_of_the_Philippines|Embahada ng Pilipinas]] sa Madrid bilang pagkilala sa kanyang ambag sa [[:en:Philippines–Spain_relations|ugnayan ng Pilipinas at Espanya]].<ref>{{cite news |date=April 2025 |title=Premios Tanglaw honoring Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/premios-tanglaw-eala}}</ref> Noong 2026, kinilala siya ng Forbes Asia bilang isa sa kanilang [[:en:Forbes_30_Under_30|30 Under 30]] sa kategoryang Libangan at Isports, dahil sa kanyang papel sa pag-angat ng Pilipinas sa pandaigdigang tennis.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Watson |first=Rana Wehbe |date=May 27, 2026 |title=30 Under 30 Asia’s Next Icons: The Gen Z Athletes And Music Artists Rewriting The Playbook |work=Forbes Asia |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ranawehbe/2026/05/27/30-under-30-asias-next-icons-the-gen-z-athletes-and-music-artists-rewriting-the-playbook/ |access-date=May 27, 2026}}</ref> ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} ==Mga panlabas na kawing== [https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/- Alexandra Eala Official WTA Page] [https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/s/overview/ Alexandra Eala Official ITF Women's World Tennis Page] [https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=v1 Alexandra Eala's Tennis Abstract page] [[:en:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on English Wikipedia (English)]] [https://tv-philippines.fandom.com/wiki/Alex_Eala Alexandra Eala on Fandom (English)] [[:simple:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on Simple Wikipedia]] kqfwp2rhl9axugdcp8ezqkzly2dcnnh 2210292 2210291 2026-06-04T02:22:07Z Tabilay 153890 2210292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}} Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' (ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Quezon City]]) ay isang Pilipinang manlalaro ng [[tenis]]. Siya ang pinakamataas na naitalang ranggong Pilipino sa WTA, na umabot sa world No. 29 noong Marso 16, 2026.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |last=Castillejo |first=Dyan |date=March 16, 2026 |title=Alex Eala rises to career-high World No. 29 |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/3/16/eala-rises-to-career-high-world-no-29-in-latest-wta-rankings-1032}}</ref> Nanalo siya ng mga junior Grand Slam: doubles sa 2020 Australian Open at 2021 French Open, at girls' singles sa 2022 US Open.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=September 10, 2022 |title=Eala captures US Open girls' singles crown |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/final-results-alex-eala-lucie-havlickova-us-open-september-10-2022/}}</ref> Sa pro circuit, mayroon siyang limang ITF singles at tatlong ITF doubles title. Noong 2025, umabot siya sa semifinals ng Miami Open, nag-final sa Eastbourne Open, at nagkampeon sa WTA 125 Guadalajara Open.<ref name=":63">{{Cite web |title=WTA: Alexandra Eala |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/alexandra-eala/matches#main-content |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox tennis biography |name = Alexandra Eala |image = Ealas and Patrick Gregorio (cropped Alexandra Eala).jpg |image_upright = .8 |caption = Eala at the [[:en:2025 SEA Games|2025 SEA Games]] |fullname = Alexandra Maniego Eala |country = {{PHI}} |residence = [[Metro Manila]], Philippines<br>[[Mallorca]], Spain |birth_date = {{birth date and age|2005|5|23}} |birth_place = [[Quezon City]], Philippines |height = {{height|m=1.75}} |turnedpro = March 2020 |plays = Left-handed (two-handed backhand) |coach = Joan Bosch<br> Alexandro Viaene<br>Lluc Bauza (Fitness Coach) |careerprizemoney = US 1,997,574 |singlesrecord = {{tennis record|won=212|lost=130}} |singlestitles = 0 |highestsinglesranking = No. 29 (March 16, 2026) |currentsinglesranking = No. 37 (May 25, 2026) |doublesrecord = {{tennis record|won=48|lost=46}} |doublestitles = 0 |highestdoublesranking = No. 88 (May 4, 2026) |currentdoublesranking = No. 116 (May 25, 2026) |updated = May 25, 2026 |AustralianOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's singles|2025]],[[:en:2026 French Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |Wimbledonresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles|2025]]) |USOpenresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 US Open – Women's singles|2025]]) |AustralianOpenDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's doubles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenDoublesresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's doubles|2025]]) |WimbledonDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles|2025]]) | medaltemplates-expand = no | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry |the {{PHI}}}} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the SEA Games|SEA Games]]}} {{MedalGold | 2025 Thailand | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Team }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Team }} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}} {{MedalBronze | 2022 Hangzhou | Singles }} {{MedalBronze|2022 Hangzhou|Mixed doubles}} }} == Maagang buhay == Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' ay ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Lungsod Quezon]], Pilipinas, kina Michael Eala (business executive)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jara-Puyod |first1=Mariecar |title=‘Eala’s grit, humility and passion have captured every Filipino’s heart,' says Philippine Ambassador Alfonso Ver |url=https://www.gulftoday.ae/sport/2026/02/20/ealas-grit-humility-and-passion-have-captured-every-filipinos-heart-says-philippine-ambassador-alfonso-ver |website=Gulf Today |publisher=Gulf Today |access-date=26 March 2026}}</ref> at [[:en:Rizza_Maniego-Eala|Rosemarie Maniego-Eala]], dating CFO ng [[Globe Telecom]] (hanggang 2024) at dating pambansang manlalangoy na nagwagi ng tansong medalya sa [[:en:1985_SEA_Games|1985 SEA Games]]. Ang kanyang mga tiyuhin ay sina [[:en:Noli_Eala|Noli Eala]] (dating chairperson ng [[:en:Philippine_Sports_Commission|Philippine Sports Commission]] at commissioner ng [[Philippine Basketball Association]])<ref name="Philstar">{{cite news |last1=Acebuche |first1=Yoniel |title=Alex Eala: What to know about the tennis phenom making history on the court |url=https://www.philstarlife.com/celebrity/828326-what-to-know-alex-eala |access-date=August 28, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]] |date=March 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cordero |first=Abac |date=August 30, 2022 |title=Noli Eala named new Philippine Sports Commission chairman |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2022/08/30/2206206/noli-eala-named-new-philippine-sports-commission-chairman |access-date=November 5, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]]}}</ref> at si Rhett Eala (fashion designer).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tunac |first1=Hermes Joy |title=Alex Eala reveals uncle Rhett Eala designed the elegant Filipiniana she wore at Laureus Awards 2026 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/shoppingandfashion/985027/alex-eala-reveals-uncle-rhett-eala-designed-the-elegant-filipiniana-she-wore-at-laureus-awar/story/ |work=[[GMA News]] |date=April 23, 2026}}</ref> Ang nakatatanda niyang kapatid na si Michael Francis “Miko” Eala ay naglaro ng tennis para sa [[:en:Penn_State_Nittany_Lions|Penn State]] mula 2020 hanggang 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |author1=Castillejo, Dyan |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Filipino athletes graduate as part of Penn State's class of 2024 |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/2024/5/6/filipino-athletes-graduate-as-part-of-penn-state-s-class-of-2024-1839 |work=[[ABS-CBN News]]}}</ref><ref name="PEP2">{{Cite news |last1=Bravo |date=March 27, 2025 |title=Who is Alex Eala, Pinoy tennis player at 2025 Miami Open? |url=https://www.pep.ph/peptionary/186040/alex-eala-a5128-20250327 |website=Philippine Entertainment Portal}}</ref> Nagsimulang maglaro si Eala ng tennis sa edad na apat, matapos ipakilala ng kanyang lolo sa ina na si Roberto Maniego, na siya rin ang una niyang coach.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hilotin |title=Alex Eala: Rapid rise in tennis rankings, what's next? |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/alex-eala-rapid-rise-in-tennis-rankings-whats-next-1.500248201 |work=[Gulf News |date=August 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 30, 2022 |title=The rise of Alexandra Eala making headlines in the Philippines and beyond |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2921343/alexandra-eala |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Payo |date=August 31, 2025 |title=Alex Eala and the guts to be first |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-guts-first-philippine-tennis/ |work=[[Rappler]]}}</ref> Nag-aral siya sa Immaculate Conception Academy sa [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]] at [[:en:Colegio_San_Agustin_–_Makati|Colegio San Agustin]] sa [[Makati]], bago lumipat sa [[:en:Rafa_Nadal_Academy|Rafa Nadal Academy]] sa [[:en:Manacor|Manacor]], Espanya, kung saan siya nagtapos noong 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mina |title=How Alex Eala became a world-class tennis champion |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/10/22/22/what-it-took-for-alex-eala-to-become-a-tennis-world-champ |work=[[ABS-CBN News]] |date=October 22, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 19, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Biography: Acing Her Path to the Tennis Court |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/blog/alex-eala-journey-to-pro |website=[[Globe Telecom|Globe]]}}</ref> == Personal na buhay == Paborito ni Eala ang [[:en:Kaldereta|kaldereta]] at mas gusto niya ang [[matcha]] kaysa kape.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mina |first=Inna |date=3 Pebrero 2026 |title=Ikaw ba ay tao ng Kare-Kare? Ang ranggo ni Alex Eala sa pagkaing Pilipino ay maaaring ikagulat mo |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/40770/are-you-a-kare-kare-person-alex-eala-filipino-food-rankings-might-surprise-you |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=One Sports |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Castillejo |first1=Dyan |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala at mga kapwa propesyonal ang kanilang personalidad sa labas ng korte sa Players Box Podcast |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/4/1/alex-eala-joins-fellow-players-on-the-players-box-podcast-0007 |website=ABS-CBN Sports |publisher=ABS-CBN Network |access-date=31 Marso 2026}}</ref> Multilingual siya at nagsasalita ng Ingles, Kastila, at [[Wikang Tagalog|Tagalog]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Futterman |first1=Matthew |title=Bumalik si Alex Eala sa Miami Open, kung saan nagsimula ang isang pangarap na nagpasiklab ng fenomeno sa tennis |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7124102/2026/03/19/tennis-alex-eala-philippines-miami-open/ |website=The Athletic |publisher=The New York Times |access-date=25 Marso 2026}}</ref> Itinuturing niya ang [[:en:Wimbledon_Championships|Wimbledon]] bilang paborito niyang Grand Slam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=3 Hulyo 2025 |title='Living my dream': Nagdiwang si Alex Eala sa makasaysayang Wimbledon stint |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-revels-historic-wimbledon-stint-2025/ |access-date=3 Hulyo 2025 |website=Rappler |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 Disyembre 2025 |title=Vogue Rapid-Fire interview kay Alex Eala |url=https://www.instagram.com/reels/DSoxP5lk1bS/ |access-date=24 Disyembre 2025 |website=Instagram |language=tl}}</ref> Binanggit niya si [[Maria Sharapova]] bilang impluwensya sa kanyang istilo ng laro at nakapagsanay na siya kasama si [[Rafael Nadal]] at ang kapatid niyang si Miko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atencio |first=Peter |date=19 Hulyo 2025 |title=Ang impluwensya ni Sharapova ang nagtutulak sa agresibong laro ni Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/sports-plus/314618107/sharapovas-influence-drives-alex-ealas-aggressive-game.html |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Manila Standard |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=20 Nobyembre 2025 |title=Naglaro si Alex Eala kasama si Rafael Nadal |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/649046/alex-eala-trains-with-rafael-nadal-in-his-return-to-court |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Inquirer |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 Agosto 2025 |title=Bago ang malalaking tao, palaging nasa tabi ni Alex Eala ang kanyang kapatid na si Miko |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/get-to-know-alex-eala-older-brother-and-avid-supporter-miko-a6035-20250827 |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> Pagkatapos ng kanyang breakout sa 2025 Miami Open, lumawak ang kanyang kasikatan sa Pilipinas at sa mga [[:en:Overseas_Filipinos_Filipino_diaspora|komunidad ng Pilipino sa ibayong dagat]], na inihalintulad ng ilang komentarista sa impluwensya ni [[Manny Pacquiao]]. Ayon sa mamamahayag at dating manlalaro ng tennis na si [[:en:Dyan_Castillejo|Dyan Castillejo]], tinatrato na siya ng mga tagahanga “na para bang nanalo na siya ng Grand Slam.” Nakatulong din ang paggamit niya ng Tagalog sa pagpapalakas ng ugnayan sa mga tagasuporta, at ang kanyang pag-angat ay nagpasiklab ng bagong interes sa tennis sa bansa. Inihambing din ng mga analista ang epekto niya sa paglawak ng tennis sa mga pigura tulad nina [[:en:Li_Na|Li Na]] at [[:en:Ons_Jabeur|Ons Jabeur]].<ref name=":0" /> Mas naging palakaibigan si Eala sa tour at nakabuo ng mga sumusuportang pagkakaibigan kina [[:en:Iva_Jović|Iva Jović]], [[:en:Zeynep_Sonmez|Zeynep Sonmez]], [[:en:Victoria_Mboko|Victoria Mboko]], [[:en:Eva_Lys|Eva Lys]], [[:en:Leylah_Fernandez|Leylah Fernandez]], at [[:en:Lizette_Cabrera|Lizette Cabrera]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reyes |first=Kate |date=9 Marso 2026 |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala ang mga kaibigan na kanyang nakilala sa kanyang batang karera sa WTA |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/alex-eala-bares-friends-she-has-made-in-her-young-wta-career-a6035-20260309 |access-date=9 Marso 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> ==Karera== ===Junior na Taon=== Nagtagumpay si Eala sa junior circuit, kabilang ang kanyang mga panalo sa singles sa [[:en:2022_US_Open_–_Girls'_singles|US Open]] at mga titulo sa doubles sa [[:en:2020_Australian_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|Australian Open]] at [[:en:2021_French_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|French Open]].<ref name=":63" /> === Propesyonal === ==== ITF tour ==== Mula sa kanyang mga junior na karera, lumipat si Eala sa [[:en:ITF_Women's_World_Tennis_Tour|ITF circuit]], kung saan unti-unti niyang pinagtibay ang kanyang rekord. Mula 2021 hanggang 2024, nakamit niya ang anim na titulo sa singles, kabilang ang torneo na [[:en:2024_Open_Araba_en_Femenino_–_Singles|W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz]]. Sa doubles, nagwagi siya ng tatlong titulo noong 2024, kasama sina [[:en:Darja_Semeņistaja|Darja Semeņistaja]] at [[:en:Estelle_Cascino|Estelle Cascino]].<ref name=":63" /> ====WTA Tour==== Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa [[:en:WTA_Tour|WTA Tour]] noong 2021 sa kanyang unang pagsabak sa [[:en:2021_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], kung saan nabigo siyang makalusot sa qualifying. Lumahok din siya sa [[:en:2021_Winners_Open_–_Singles|Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca)]], ngunit natigil sa ikalawang yugto.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2022, muling naglaro si Eala sa [[:en:2022_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] ngunit natanggal sa unang yugto. Sinubukan din niyang makapasok sa [[:en:2022_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], subalit nabigo siya sa qualifying.<ref name=":63" /> Pagsapit ng 2023, sumabak siya sa [[:en:2023_Thailand_Open_–_Singles|Thailand Open (Hua Hin)]], [[:en:2023_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2023_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2023_Japan_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Japan Women’s Open (Osaka)]], [[:en:2023_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], at [[:en:2023_Jasmin_Open_–_Singles|Jasmin Open (Monastir, Tunisia)]], ngunit hindi siya nakalusot sa unang yugto ng mga nasabing torneo.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2024_Veneto_Open_–_Singles|Veneto Open (Italy)]] bago mapatigil ni [[:en:Sara_Errani|Sara Errani]]. Gayunman, karamihan sa kanyang kampanya ay nauwi sa maagang pagkatanggal sa mga torneo tulad ng [[:en:2024_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2024_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2024_Wuhan_Open_–_Singles|Wuhan Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], [[:en:2024_Guadalajara_Open_Akron_–_Singles|Guadalajara Akron Open]], [[:en:2024_Ningbo_Open_–_Singles|Ningbo Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Jiangxi_Open_–_Singles|Jiangxi Open (Jiujiang, China)]], [[:en:2024_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Nottingham_Open_–_Women's_singles|Nottingham Open]], [[:en:2024_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra International]], [[:en:2024_Polish_Open_–_Singles|Polish Open (Warsaw)]], at [[:en:2024_Makarska_International_Championships_–_Singles|Makarska Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, nakarating siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] bago mapigilan ni [[:en:Jessica_Pegula|Jessica Pegula]]. Sa damuhan, umabot siya sa final ng [[:en:2025_Eastbourne_Open_–_Women's_singles|Eastbourne Open]] at nagtapos bilang runner-up kay [[:en:Maya_Joint|Maya Joint]]. Nakamit din niya ang kanyang unang titulo sa Challenger/125 level sa [[:en:2025_Guadalajara_125_Open_–_Singles|Guadalajara 125 Open]], at umabot sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra Open]], [[:en:2025_Jingshan_Tennis_Open_–_Women's_singles|Jingshan Open (China)]], at [[:en:2025_Suzhou_WTA_125_–_Singles|Suzhou Open]]. Gayunpaman, hindi siya nagtagumpay sa [[:en:2025_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]], [[:en:2025_National_Bank_Open_–_Women's_singles|Canadian Open]], at [[:en:2025_Hong_Kong_Tennis_Open_–_Singles|Hong Kong Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nakapasok siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2026_ASB_Classic_–_Women's_singles|ASB Classic (Auckland)]] at [[:en:2026_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], at umabot din sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2026_Philippine_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Philippines Women’s Open]] at [[:en:2026_Dubai_Tennis_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Dubai Tennis Championships]]. Nakarating siya sa ika-apat na yugto ng [[:en:2026_BNP_Paribas_Open_–_Women's_singles|Indian Wells Open]] at [[:en:2026_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]]. Sa luwad, umabot siya sa ikatlong yugto ng [[:en:2026_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]] bago natalo kay [[:en:Elena_Rybakina|Elena Rybakina]], ngunit nabigo sa unang yugto ng [[:en:2026_Qatar_TotalEnergies_Open_–_Singles|Qatar Open]], [[:en:2026_Porsche_Tennis_Grand_Prix_–_Singles|Stuttgart Open]], at [[:en:2026_Internationaux_de_Strasbourg_–_Singles|Strasbourg International]].<ref name=":63" /> === Grand Slam === Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa mga torneo ng Grand Slam noong 2023 sa kanyang unang mga pagsubok sa qualifying, kabilang ang laban niya kay [[:en:Misaki_Doi|Misaki Doi]] sa opening round ng [[:en:2023_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa final qualifying round sa lahat ng apat na major—[[:en:2024_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open]], [[:en:2024_French_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|French Open]], [[:en:2024_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Wimbledon]], at [[:en:2024_US_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|US Open]]—ngunit hindi pa rin siya nakapasok sa main draw.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, muling sumabak si Eala sa [[:en:2025_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]] ngunit natanggal. Gayunman, nakapasok siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2025_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|French Open]] at [[:en:2025_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Wimbledon]], kung saan kapwa siya natalo sa unang yugto. Sa [[:en:2025_US_Open_–_Women's_singles|US Open]], umabot siya sa ikalawang round bago magpaubaya kay [[:en:Cristina_Bucșa|Cristina Bucșa]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nag-debut siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2026_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Australian Open]] ngunit natalo sa unang round kay [[:en:Alycia_Parks|Alycia Parks]]. Sa [[:en:2026_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|Roland Garros]], natigil din ang kanyang kampanya sa opening round matapos matalo kay [[:en:Iva_Jovic|Iva Jovic]].<ref name=":63" /> <!-- ===Eala's Matches=== ---> == Mga laro ni Eala == === Juniors === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Singles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || R2 || R3 || A || A |- | French Open || A || SF || A || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || A || W |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Doubles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || A || W || A || A |- | French Open || A || A || W || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || SF || – |} === ITF Women's World Tour === ==== ITF Titles ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Tournament !! Category !! Event !! Partner |- | 2021 || W15 Manacor || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2022 || W25 Chiang Rai || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Yecla || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Roehampton || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W50 Pune || ITF || Doubles || Darja Semeņistaja |- | 2024 || W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |} ===== ITF Singles ===== ''' 2020 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 2 || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anna Zarycka || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Lara Salden || 0–6, 6–2, 2–6 |- | Melilla || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anastasia Charaeva || 3–6, 3–6 |- | Monastir 9 || W15 || Hard || Second Round || Nina Stadler || 6–4, 6–7, 5–7 |} ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W15 Manacor || W15 || Hard || Final (Title) || Yvonne Cavalle-Reimers || 5–7, 6–1, 6–2 |- | W15 Manacor 2 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ylena In-Albon || 0–6, 3–6 |- | W15 Manacor 3 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Oksana Selekhmeteva || 2–6, 3–6 |- | W25 Grenoble || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Maja Chwalińska || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Manacor 4 || W25 || Hard || Second Round || Jana Fett || 6–4, 3–6, 5–7 |- | W15 Manacor 5 || W15 || Hard || First Round || Simona Waltert || 4–6, 6–2, 5–7 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || Second Round || Simona Waltert || 5–7, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Irene Burillo Escorihuela || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Madrid 2 || W25 || Hard || First Round || Andrea Lázaro García || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Milovice || W25 || Hard || First Round || Daria Astakhova || 2–6, 2–6 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Chiang Rai || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Luksika Kumkhum || 6–4, 6–2 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Erika Sema || 3–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Robbe || 6–7(3), 3–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Final || Marina Bassols Ribera || 4–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W60 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessika Ponchet || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 El Espinar || W25 || Hard || Semifinals || Eva Guerrero Alvarez || 2–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W100 Grodzisk Mazowiecki || W100 || Hard || First Round || Katharina Hobgarski || 4–6, 3–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Katarzyna Kawa || 6–2, 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Rancho Santa Fe || W80 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Marcela Zacarías || 2–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Hamburg || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Ysaline Bonaventure || 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Semifinals || Ysaline Bonaventure || 1–6, 6–3, 3–6 |- | W100 Shrewsbury || W100 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Maia Lumsden || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Yecla || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Valentina Ryser || 6–3, 7–5 |- | W25 Roehampton || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Arina Rodionova || 6–2, 6–3 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || Final || Destanee Aiava || 6–3, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || Final || Océane Dodin || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Final (Title) || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || 6–4, 6–4 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 6–4, 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Takasaki || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Mananchaya Sawangkaew || 6–4, 1–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Cary || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Renata Zarazúa || 6–3, 4–6, 3–6 |- | W100 Landisville || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Olivia Gadecki || 1–6, 6–0, 3–6 |- | W75 Porto || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna Bondar || 4–6, 7–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Trnava 1 || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anastasia Gureva || 2–6, 6–3, 6–7 |- | W75 Trnava 2 || W75 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Martincová || 6–3, 4–6, 6–7 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Second Round || Mona Barthel || 6–4, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Zagreb || W75 || Clay || First Round || Tena Lukas || 5–7, 6–3, 4–6 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || First Round || Selena Janicijevic || 3–6, 1–6 |- | W50 Indore || W50 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 4–6, 7–6, 2–6 |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Darja Semenistaja || 6–7, 0–6 |} ===== ITF Doubles ===== ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Madrid || W25 || Hard || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || Quarterfinals || Olivia Tjandramulia / Ashley Lahey || 5–7, 6–4, 6–10 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Oksana Selekhmeteva || Final || Justina Mikulskytė / Oana Simion || 3–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Manacor || W25 || Hard || Elsa Jacquemot || Quarterfinals || Olga Parres Azcoitia / Aurora Zantedeschi || 6–2, 4–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Macon || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Audrey Albie / Aubane Droguet || 4–6, 2–6 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 1 || W25 || Hard || Indy De Vroome || First Round || Patcharin Cheapchandej / Punnin Kovapitukted || 6–4, 5–7, 6–10 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Kyōka Okamura || Quarterfinals || Pimrada Jattavapornvanit / Gozal Ainitdinova || 6–4, 7–6(4), 2–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Olga Helmi / Adithya Karunaratne || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Liang En-shuo || Quarterfinals || Tímea Babos / Valeria Savinykh || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Palma del Río || W25 || Clay || Marina Bassols Ribera || Semifinals || Valeria Savinykh / Fanny Stollár || 2–6, 0–6 |- | W25 Corroios-Seixal || W25 || Hard || Lizette Cabrera || Quarterfinals || Justina Mikulskytė / Hong Yi Cody Wong || 5–7, 4–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Annaëlle Robbe || Second Round || Madison Brengle || 6–3, 6–7, 6–10 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Petra Marcinko || Quarterfinals || Miriam Skoch / Markéta Vondroušová || 5–7, 2–6 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W60 Trnava 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 4–6, 1–6 |- | W60 Chiasso || W60 || Clay || — || First Round || Beatrice Gumulya / Anna Sisková || 3–6, 6–4, 11–13 |- | W25 Zaragoza || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Alana Parnaby / Victoria Rodríguez || 6–4, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 5–7, 6–1, 9–11 |- | W60 Barcelona || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–4, 3–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Roehampton 2 || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Talia Gibson / Petra Hule || 1–6, 5–7 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Erina Hayashi / Saki Imamura || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W100 Tokyo 2 || W100 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 0–6, 7–5, 6–10 |- | W60 Glasgow 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Freya Christie / Olivia Gadecki || — |- | W60 Nantes || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Ekaterina Maklakova / Ekaterina Reyngold || 6–1, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Danielle Collins / Isabelle Haverlag || 2–6, 4–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Darja Semeņistaja || Final (Title) || Naiktha Bains / Fanny Stollár || 7–6(8), 6–3 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Maia Lumsden / Jessika Ponchet || 7–5, 7–6(4) |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Lia Karatancheva / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–3, 2–6, 10–4 |- | W75 Porto 3 || W75 || Hard || Alicia Barnett || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Friedsam / Aliccia Barnett || 3–6, 4–6 |- | W75 Trnava || W75 || Hard || Zeynep Sönmez || Semifinals || Lulu Sun / Moyuka Uchijima || 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Valentini Grammatikopoulou || Quarterfinals || Isabelle Haverlag / Erika Pridankina || 7–5, 4–6, 3–10 |} === WTA and WTA 125 tournaments === ==== 2021 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Court !! Category !! Opponent !! Round !! Score |- | Miami Open || Hard || WTA 1000 || Viktória Hrunčáková || Qualifying 1 || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca) || Clay || WTA 250 || Mayar Sherif || Second Round || 2–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2022 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Category !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Madison Brengle || 2–6, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Qualifying 1 || Anna Bondár || 0–6, 0–6 |} ==== 2023 ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Misaki Doi || 6–4, 1–6, 3–6 |- | Thailand Open (Hua Hin) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Irina-Camelia Begu || 2–6, 5–7 |- | Mutua Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Tatjana Maria || 1–6, 1–6 |- | Japan Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Himari Sakatsume (Q) || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (3) || 3–6, 0–6 |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Elise Mertens (2) || 5–7, 0–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Cristina Bucșa / Bibiane Schoofs || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2024 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Rebecca Peterson (18) || 2–6, 5–7 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Qualifying 3 || Julia Riera (2) || 6–4, 6–7, 4–6 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Qualifying 3 || Lulu Sun (23) || 6–7, 5–7 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 3 || Elena-Gabriela Ruse (20) || 6–3, 1–6, 4–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Emiliana Arango || 6–2, 5–7, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Sorana Cîrstea (27) || 3–6, 7–6, 4–6 |- | Wuhan Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Kateřina Siniaková || 3–6, 1–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Magda Linette || 6–7, 1–6 |- | Guadalajara Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Priscilla Hon || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Jiangxi Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (1) || 5–7, 6–7 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Bernarda Pera || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Qualifying 2 || Ena Shibahara || 7–6, 0–6, 2–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Céline Naef (5) || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Tatjana Maria (4) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Polish Open (Warsaw) || WTA 125 || Hard || First Round || Isabella Shinikova || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Veneto Open (Gaiba) || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Sara Errani (4) || 0–6, 6–7 |- | Makarska Open || WTA 125 || Clay || First Round || Maria Timofeeva (Q) || 6–1, 3–6, 2–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Laura Pigossi || Semifinals || Kaylah McP / Astra Sharma || 6–7(1), 3–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Taylah Preston || First Round || Valeria Lepchenko / Anna Falei || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Polish Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Daniela Semenistaja || Quarterfinals || Weronika Falkowska / Martyna Kubka || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Kimberly Birrell || Quarterfinals || Katarzyna Piter / Fanny Stollar || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || En Shuo Liang || Quarterfinals || Giuliana Olmos / Alexandra Panova || 1–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2025 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Jana Fett (133) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Singapore Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Simona Waltert (179) || 3–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessica Pegula (4) || 6–7, 7–5, 3–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Second Round || Iga Świątek (2) || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Marta Kostyuk (27) || 0–6, 1–6 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || First Round || Emiliana Arango (85) || 0–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- |Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová || 5-7, 7-6(5), 1-6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || First Round || Magda Linette (31) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Eastbourne Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Finals (RunnerUp) || Maya Joint || 4–6, 6–1, 6–7 (10–12) |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || First Round || Barbora Krejčíková (16) || 6–3, 2–6, 1–6 |- | National Bank Open (Montreal) || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Markéta Vondroušová (63) || 6–3, 1–6, 2–6 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Second Round || Cristina Bucșa (95) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | São Paulo Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Janice Tjen (130) || 4–6, 1–6 |- | China Open (Wuhan) || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Moyuka Uchijima (91) || 4–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | Japan Women's Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Valentová (78) || 1–6, 2–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Claire Liu (305) || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | Hong Kong Tennis Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Second Round || Victoria Mboko (21) || 6–3, 3–6, 4–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Shuai Wei (134) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Mai Hontama (166) || 6–7, 2–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Second Round || Panna Udvardy (137) || 6–7, 4–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová (152) || 5–7, 7–6, 1–6 |- | Ilkley Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Rebecca Marino (107) || 6–1, 0–6, 6–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Champion || Panna Udvardy (134) || 1–6, 7–5, 6–3 |- | Jingshan Tennis Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Lulu Sun (146) || 6–3, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Suzhou Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Viktorija Golubic (70) || 6–2, 2–6, 6–7 |} '''Withdrawals''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Reason |- | Cincinnati Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Shoulder injury |- | Monterrey Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Shoulder injury |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Nadiia Kichenok || Semifinals || Katarzyna Piter / Janice Tjen || 7–6(4), 3–6, 5–10 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Coco Gauff || Quarterfinals || Jasmine Paolini / Sara Errani || 5–7, 6–3, 7–10 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Renata Zarazúa || Second Round || Olga Danilović / Anastasia Potapova || 1–6, 3–6 |- | Hong Kong Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Chan Hao‑ching || First Round || Kamilla Rakhimova / Aliaksandra Sasnovich || 6–3, 1–6, 7–10 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Eva Lys || First Round || Ingrid Gamarra Martins / Quinn Gleason || 4–6, 2–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Rebeka Masarova || First Round || Storm Hunter / Ellen Perez || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Tsao Chia‑yi || First Round || Amina Anshba / Elena Pridankina || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Katie Volynets || First Round || Carmen Corley / Olivia Gadecki || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2026 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Semifinals || Wang Xinyu || 7–5, 5–7, 6–4 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || First Round || Alycia Parks || 6–0, 3–6, 2–6 |- | Philippines Womens Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals|| Camila Osorio || 4-6, 4-6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ekaterina Alexandrova|| 3-6, 3-6 |- | Qatar Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round|| Tereza Valentová|| 6-7 (6), 1-6 |- |Dubai Tennis Championships |WTA 1000 |Hard |Quarterfinals |Coco Gauff |0-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Linda Noskova |2-6, 0-6 |- |Miami Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Karolína Muchová |0-6,2-6 |- |Linz Open |WTA 500 |Clay |Second Round |Jelena Ostapenko |4-6, 5-7 |- |Stuttgart Open |WTA 500 |Clay | First Round | Leylah Fernandez | 1-6, 4-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Second Round |Elise Mertens |2-6, 1-6 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Third Round |Elena Rybakina |4-6, 3-6 |- |Strasbourg International |WTA 500 |Clay |First Round |Oleksandra Oliynykova |6-3, 5-7, 3-6 |- |French Open |Grand Slam |Clay |First Round |Iva Jovic |4-6, 2-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Second Round |Alina Charaeva | |- |HSBC Championships |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Berlin Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Bad Homburg Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Wimbledon |Grand Slam |Grass | | | |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Iva Jovic || Semifinals || Xu Yifan / Yang Zhaoxuan || 5–7, 3–6 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Ingrid Martins || First Round || Shuko Aoyama / Magda Linette || 6–7(3), 6–2, 3–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Janice Tjen|| Semifinals|| Tereza Mihalíková / Olivia Nicholls|| 4-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Iva Jovic |First Round |Hailey Baptiste / Jelena Ostapenko |2-6, 2-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Zeynep Sönmez |Second Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |1-6, 5-7 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Hailey Baptiste |First Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |2-6, 1-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Nikola Bartůňková |First Round |Harriet Dart / Maia Lumsden |4-6, 6-2, 9-11 |- |} == Taunang ranggo ng WTA == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ ! Taon !! Isahan !! Dalawahan |- | 2021 || 529 || 780 |- | 2022 || 219 || 594 |- | 2023 || 205 || 436 |- | 2024 || 158 || 239 |- | 2025 || 50 || 161 |} Pinagmulan: Opisyal na Profile ni Alex Eala sa WTA<ref name=":63" /> == Estilo ng Paglalaro == Si Eala ay isang agresibong baseliner na gumagamit ng forehand at matatag na backhand upang kontrolin ang rally. Bilang kaliwete, nakalilikha siya ng mabigat na topspin at kilala sa mahusay na return game. Ang kanyang pangunahing kahinaan ay ang serve, na kulang sa bilis at variety, kahit mas epektibo siya sa hard courts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caramoan |first=Miguel Alfonso |date=January 19, 2026 |title=What’s next for Alex Eala after 2026 Australian Open first-round exit? |url=https://www.espn.ph/tennis/story/_/id/47658308/what-next-alex-eala-2026-australian-open-first-round-exit |website=ESPN |language=en|access-date=January 24, 2026}}</ref> Nakamit na niya ang semifinals ng WTA 1000 at tinalo ang tatlong major champions sa [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|2025 Miami Open]].<ref name=":Gulf">{{Cite web |title=What Alexandra Eala Needs to Win Titles and Beat Top Players |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/what-alexandra-eala-needs-to-win-titles-and-beat-top-players-1.500440043 |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Gulf News}}</ref> Ayon sa mga analyst, kailangan niyang palakasin ang serve, dagdagan ang variety, at patatagin ang kondisyon upang makipagsabayan sa pinakamalalaking titulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2026 |title=Alex Eala told where she can improve: Martina Navratilova offers advice |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/alex-eala-told-where-she-can-improve-martina-navratilova-offers-advice |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> === Pagganap ni Eala Laban sa mga Top 20 na Manlalaro === {| class="wikitable" ! Kategorya !! Estadistika |- | Aces || 21 |- | Double Faults || 77 |- | First Serve % || 64.9% |- | First Serve Points Won || 60.9% |- | Second Serve Points Won || 47.2% |- | Break Points Saved || 52.7% |- | Service Points Won || 56.1% |- | Service Games Won || 64.1% |- | Return Points Won || 44.2% |- | 1st Return Points Won || 36.7% |- | 2nd Return Points Won || 56.4% |- | Break Points Converted || 42.5% |- | Return Games Won || 35.5% |- | Dominance Ratio (DR) || 0.79 |} Ang serve ni Eala ay gumagana ngunit hindi nakakapangibabaw. Ang mataas na bilang ng double fault at katamtamang tagumpay sa first serve ay pumipigil sa kanya na kontrolin ang laro. Gayunpaman, ang kanyang return game ay malinaw na lakas—lalo na laban sa second serves kung saan nananalo siya ng higit sa kalahati ng mga puntos. Sa dominance ratio na 0.79, mas mababa siya sa antas ng elite ngunit ipinapakita na kaya niyang makipagsabayan sa mas mataas na ranggo. Ang pagpapabuti sa pagiging maaasahan ng serve ang maaaring maging susi upang mapalapit siya sa Top 10. '''Mahahalagang Laban''' {| class="wikitable" ! Petsa !! Torneo !! Kalaban !! Ranggo !! Resulta |- | Mar 2025 || Miami QF || Iga Świątek || #2 || '''Panalo 6–2, 7–5''' |- | Mar 2025 || Miami R32 || Madison Keys || #5 || '''Panalo 6–4, 6–3''' |- | Mar 2025 || Miami SF || Jessica Pegula || #4 || Talo 6–7, 7–5, 3–6 |- | May 2025 || Madrid R32 || Iga Świątek || #1 || Talo 3–6, 2–6 |- | Aug 2025 || US Open R128 || Clara Tauson || #14 || '''Panalo 6–3, 2–6, 7–6(11)''' |- | Jul 2025 || Wimbledon R64 || Barbora Krejčíková || #16 || Talo 4–6, 2–6 |- | Feb 2026 || Dubai R32 || Jasmine Paolini || #6 || '''Panalo 6–1, 7–6(5)''' |- | Feb 2026 || Dubai QF || Coco Gauff || #3 || Talo 0–6, 2–6 |} May apat na malinaw na panalo si Eala laban sa mga Top 20 na kalaban, laban sa pitong pagkatalo. Ang straight‑set na tagumpay niya laban kay Świątek sa Miami 2025 ang nananatiling pinakamahalagang breakthrough, habang ang mga panalo laban kina Keys, Tauson, at Paolini ay nagpapatunay na kaya niyang umangat sa mahihirap na laban. Ang mga pagkatalo kina Pegula, Gauff, at Krejčíková ay nagpapakita ng inconsistency na kailangan pa niyang lampasan. Sa edad na 21, napatunayan na niyang kaya niyang talunin ang pinakamagagaling. Ang hamon ngayon ay kung paano mapapanatili ang antas na iyon sa iba’t ibang torneo. Sa pagpapabuti ng kanyang serve, may pundasyon na siya upang maging regular na Grand Slam contender.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennis Abstract: Alexandra Eala vs. Top 20 Players |url=https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=ACareerqqITop_20qqv1 |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=Tennis Abstract}}</ref> == Ibang larangan == === Pambansang koponan === Kinatawan ni Eala ang [[Pilipinas]] sa mga internasyonal na torneo. Nagwagi siya ng mga medalya sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2021_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2021]] (pilak sa singles, team, at mixed doubles) at sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2022_Asian_Games|Asian Games 2022]] (pilak sa singles at mixed doubles).<ref name=":7">{{cite news |last1=Carandang |first1=Justin Kenneth |date=May 20, 2022 |title=Tennis ace Alex Eala settles for bronze in women's singles |work=[[GMA News]] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/sports/othersports/832339/tennis-ace-alex-eala-settles-for-bronze-in-women-s-singles/story/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 25, 2025}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite news |last=Payo |first=Jasmine |date=September 29, 2023 |title=Alex Eala bags 2nd Asian Games bronze with Alcantara in doubles |language=en-US |work=[[Rappler]] |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/tennis-semifinal-results-mixed-doubles-alex-eala-francis-casey-alcantara-asian-games-september-29-2023/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 10, 2025}}</ref> Noong 2024, pinangunahan niya ang koponan sa 5–0 panalo sa Group II ng Billie Jean King Cup qualifiers, na nag-angat sa Pilipinas sa Group I.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Luisa |date=December 2, 2024 |title=Alex Eala relishes leading Team Philippines to BJK Cup promotion in Bahrain |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/26898/alex-eala-relishes-leading-team-philippines-to-bjk-cup-promotion-in-bahrain |url-status=live |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=One Sports |language=en}}</ref> Sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2025_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2025]], nakamit niya ang ginto sa women's singles at tanso sa mixed doubles at team events.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=December 18, 2025 |title=Alex Eala wins SEA Games tennis gold, ends long drought for PH|url=https://sports.inquirer.net/655069/alex-eala-wins-sea-games-tennis-gold-ends-long-drought-for-ph |access-date=December 18, 2025 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref> ===Mga Eksibisyon na Laro=== ====Singles: 1 (titles)==== {|class="wikitable" !Resulta !{{ns}}Petsa{{ns}} !Torneo !Uri ng Korte !Kalaban !Iskor |- |Panalo | Enero 2026 |[[:en:Kooyong_Classic|Kooyong Classic]], Melbourne, Australia |Matigas na Korte |[[:en:Donna Vekić|Donna Vekić]] |6–3, 6–4 |} === Mga sponsorship === Simula pagkabata, sinuportahan si Eala ng [[:en:Globe_Telecom|Globe Telecom]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 25, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Opens Up About Life |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/about-us/newsroom/corporate/alex-eala-meet-and-greet}}</ref> at kalaunan ay nagkaroon ng mga endorsement mula sa [[:en:Babolat|Babolat]], [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]], at [[:en:Bank_of_the_Philippine_Islands|BPI]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Champ’s choice: Alex Eala signs up as BPI’s newest endorser|url=https://bilyonaryo.com/2023/01/25/champs-choice-alex-eala-signs-up-as-bpis-newest-endorser/money/}}</ref> bago naging brand ambassador ng [[:en:Milo_(drink)|Milo]] noong 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2026 |title=MILO Active Pilipinas launched with Eala as new ambassador |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/milo-active-pilipinas-launched-with-eala-as-new-ambassador.html}}</ref> === Mga parangal === Walong beses nang kinilala si Eala ng [[:en:Philippine_Sportswriters_Association|Philippine Sportswriters Association]] sa [[:en:PSA_Annual_Awards|PSA Annual Awards]], kabilang ang paggawad sa kanya bilang ''Athlete of the Year'' noong 2026.<ref>Citations for Eala's PSA Annual Awards: *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 25, 2019 |title=Top PH athletes share limelight in PSA Awards 2019 |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/224351-philippine-athletes-sportswriters-association-awards-2019/ |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Gionco |first=Mark |date=February 29, 2020 |title=PH tennis rising star Alex Eala to be feted at PSA Awards |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/387640/ph-tennis-rising-star-alex-eala-to-be-feted-at-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=March 12, 2021 |title=PSA to honor tennis star Eala, boxing champs Casimero, Taduran |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/3/12/psa-to-honor-tennis-star-eala-boxing-champs-casimero-taduran |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 27, 2022 |title=Scribes fete world-class PH boxers |language=en |website=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/27/scribes-fete-world-class-ph-boxers/ |url-status=live |access-date=October 12, 2025 |archive-url= |archive-date=}} *{{Cite news |date=February 12, 2023 |title=PSA Awards: Young Alex Eala to be recognized with President's Award |language=en-US |website=Tiebreaker Times |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/psa-awards-young-alex-eala-to-be-recognized-with-presidents-award/261823 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 10, 2023 |title=Eala recipient of PSA Prexy Awards |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2023/02/10/2243942/eala-recipient-psa-prexy-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=January 24, 2024 |title=Alex Eala, Tots Carlos to be recognized in PSA Awards |website=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/01/15/24/alex-eala-tots-carlos-to-be-recognized-in-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Malanum |first=Jean |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala tops PSA achievers for September |language=en |website=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1260619 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala leads PSA's September honorees |language=en |website=SunStar Publishing Inc. |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/sports/eala-leads-psas-september-honorees |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 17, 2026 |title=Alex Eala hails PSA Athlete of the Year award a proof of PH tennis' rise |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/people/athletes/alex-eala-hails-athlete-of-year-award-proof-tennis-rise-philippines/ |access-date=February 17, 2026}}</ref> Noong 2021, isinama siya ng [[:en:Tatler_Asia|''Tatler Asia'']] sa talaan ng mga pinaka-maimpluwensiyang personalidad sa Asya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asia's Most Influential Philippines 2021 |url=https://www.tatlerasia.com/list/ami/ph?page=3&industry=all&region=ph&year=2021}}</ref> Noong Abril 2025, ginawaran si Eala ng ''Premios Tanglaw'' ng [[:en:Embassy_of_the_Philippines|Embahada ng Pilipinas]] sa Madrid bilang pagkilala sa kanyang ambag sa [[:en:Philippines–Spain_relations|ugnayan ng Pilipinas at Espanya]].<ref>{{cite news |date=April 2025 |title=Premios Tanglaw honoring Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/premios-tanglaw-eala}}</ref> Noong 2026, kinilala siya ng Forbes Asia bilang isa sa kanilang [[:en:Forbes_30_Under_30|30 Under 30]] sa kategoryang Libangan at Isports, dahil sa kanyang papel sa pag-angat ng Pilipinas sa pandaigdigang tennis.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Watson |first=Rana Wehbe |date=May 27, 2026 |title=30 Under 30 Asia’s Next Icons: The Gen Z Athletes And Music Artists Rewriting The Playbook |work=Forbes Asia |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ranawehbe/2026/05/27/30-under-30-asias-next-icons-the-gen-z-athletes-and-music-artists-rewriting-the-playbook/ |access-date=May 27, 2026}}</ref> ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} ==Mga panlabas na kawing== [https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/- Alexandra Eala Official WTA Page] [https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/s/overview/ Alexandra Eala Official ITF Women's World Tennis Page] [https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=v1 Alexandra Eala's Tennis Abstract page] [[:en:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on English Wikipedia (English)]] [https://tv-philippines.fandom.com/wiki/Alex_Eala Alexandra Eala on Fandom (English)] [[:simple:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on Simple Wikipedia]] j7cxrtljs76gc2pni1xy838dvzebrwu 2210293 2210292 2026-06-04T02:23:11Z Tabilay 153890 /* Pagganap ni Eala Laban sa mga Top 20 na Manlalaro */ 2210293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}} Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' (ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Quezon City]]) ay isang Pilipinang manlalaro ng [[tenis]]. Siya ang pinakamataas na naitalang ranggong Pilipino sa WTA, na umabot sa world No. 29 noong Marso 16, 2026.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |last=Castillejo |first=Dyan |date=March 16, 2026 |title=Alex Eala rises to career-high World No. 29 |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/3/16/eala-rises-to-career-high-world-no-29-in-latest-wta-rankings-1032}}</ref> Nanalo siya ng mga junior Grand Slam: doubles sa 2020 Australian Open at 2021 French Open, at girls' singles sa 2022 US Open.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=September 10, 2022 |title=Eala captures US Open girls' singles crown |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/final-results-alex-eala-lucie-havlickova-us-open-september-10-2022/}}</ref> Sa pro circuit, mayroon siyang limang ITF singles at tatlong ITF doubles title. Noong 2025, umabot siya sa semifinals ng Miami Open, nag-final sa Eastbourne Open, at nagkampeon sa WTA 125 Guadalajara Open.<ref name=":63">{{Cite web |title=WTA: Alexandra Eala |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/alexandra-eala/matches#main-content |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox tennis biography |name = Alexandra Eala |image = Ealas and Patrick Gregorio (cropped Alexandra Eala).jpg |image_upright = .8 |caption = Eala at the [[:en:2025 SEA Games|2025 SEA Games]] |fullname = Alexandra Maniego Eala |country = {{PHI}} |residence = [[Metro Manila]], Philippines<br>[[Mallorca]], Spain |birth_date = {{birth date and age|2005|5|23}} |birth_place = [[Quezon City]], Philippines |height = {{height|m=1.75}} |turnedpro = March 2020 |plays = Left-handed (two-handed backhand) |coach = Joan Bosch<br> Alexandro Viaene<br>Lluc Bauza (Fitness Coach) |careerprizemoney = US 1,997,574 |singlesrecord = {{tennis record|won=212|lost=130}} |singlestitles = 0 |highestsinglesranking = No. 29 (March 16, 2026) |currentsinglesranking = No. 37 (May 25, 2026) |doublesrecord = {{tennis record|won=48|lost=46}} |doublestitles = 0 |highestdoublesranking = No. 88 (May 4, 2026) |currentdoublesranking = No. 116 (May 25, 2026) |updated = May 25, 2026 |AustralianOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's singles|2025]],[[:en:2026 French Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |Wimbledonresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles|2025]]) |USOpenresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 US Open – Women's singles|2025]]) |AustralianOpenDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's doubles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenDoublesresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's doubles|2025]]) |WimbledonDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles|2025]]) | medaltemplates-expand = no | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry |the {{PHI}}}} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the SEA Games|SEA Games]]}} {{MedalGold | 2025 Thailand | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Team }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Team }} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}} {{MedalBronze | 2022 Hangzhou | Singles }} {{MedalBronze|2022 Hangzhou|Mixed doubles}} }} == Maagang buhay == Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' ay ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Lungsod Quezon]], Pilipinas, kina Michael Eala (business executive)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jara-Puyod |first1=Mariecar |title=‘Eala’s grit, humility and passion have captured every Filipino’s heart,' says Philippine Ambassador Alfonso Ver |url=https://www.gulftoday.ae/sport/2026/02/20/ealas-grit-humility-and-passion-have-captured-every-filipinos-heart-says-philippine-ambassador-alfonso-ver |website=Gulf Today |publisher=Gulf Today |access-date=26 March 2026}}</ref> at [[:en:Rizza_Maniego-Eala|Rosemarie Maniego-Eala]], dating CFO ng [[Globe Telecom]] (hanggang 2024) at dating pambansang manlalangoy na nagwagi ng tansong medalya sa [[:en:1985_SEA_Games|1985 SEA Games]]. Ang kanyang mga tiyuhin ay sina [[:en:Noli_Eala|Noli Eala]] (dating chairperson ng [[:en:Philippine_Sports_Commission|Philippine Sports Commission]] at commissioner ng [[Philippine Basketball Association]])<ref name="Philstar">{{cite news |last1=Acebuche |first1=Yoniel |title=Alex Eala: What to know about the tennis phenom making history on the court |url=https://www.philstarlife.com/celebrity/828326-what-to-know-alex-eala |access-date=August 28, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]] |date=March 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cordero |first=Abac |date=August 30, 2022 |title=Noli Eala named new Philippine Sports Commission chairman |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2022/08/30/2206206/noli-eala-named-new-philippine-sports-commission-chairman |access-date=November 5, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]]}}</ref> at si Rhett Eala (fashion designer).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tunac |first1=Hermes Joy |title=Alex Eala reveals uncle Rhett Eala designed the elegant Filipiniana she wore at Laureus Awards 2026 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/shoppingandfashion/985027/alex-eala-reveals-uncle-rhett-eala-designed-the-elegant-filipiniana-she-wore-at-laureus-awar/story/ |work=[[GMA News]] |date=April 23, 2026}}</ref> Ang nakatatanda niyang kapatid na si Michael Francis “Miko” Eala ay naglaro ng tennis para sa [[:en:Penn_State_Nittany_Lions|Penn State]] mula 2020 hanggang 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |author1=Castillejo, Dyan |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Filipino athletes graduate as part of Penn State's class of 2024 |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/2024/5/6/filipino-athletes-graduate-as-part-of-penn-state-s-class-of-2024-1839 |work=[[ABS-CBN News]]}}</ref><ref name="PEP2">{{Cite news |last1=Bravo |date=March 27, 2025 |title=Who is Alex Eala, Pinoy tennis player at 2025 Miami Open? |url=https://www.pep.ph/peptionary/186040/alex-eala-a5128-20250327 |website=Philippine Entertainment Portal}}</ref> Nagsimulang maglaro si Eala ng tennis sa edad na apat, matapos ipakilala ng kanyang lolo sa ina na si Roberto Maniego, na siya rin ang una niyang coach.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hilotin |title=Alex Eala: Rapid rise in tennis rankings, what's next? |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/alex-eala-rapid-rise-in-tennis-rankings-whats-next-1.500248201 |work=[Gulf News |date=August 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 30, 2022 |title=The rise of Alexandra Eala making headlines in the Philippines and beyond |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2921343/alexandra-eala |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Payo |date=August 31, 2025 |title=Alex Eala and the guts to be first |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-guts-first-philippine-tennis/ |work=[[Rappler]]}}</ref> Nag-aral siya sa Immaculate Conception Academy sa [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]] at [[:en:Colegio_San_Agustin_–_Makati|Colegio San Agustin]] sa [[Makati]], bago lumipat sa [[:en:Rafa_Nadal_Academy|Rafa Nadal Academy]] sa [[:en:Manacor|Manacor]], Espanya, kung saan siya nagtapos noong 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mina |title=How Alex Eala became a world-class tennis champion |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/10/22/22/what-it-took-for-alex-eala-to-become-a-tennis-world-champ |work=[[ABS-CBN News]] |date=October 22, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 19, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Biography: Acing Her Path to the Tennis Court |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/blog/alex-eala-journey-to-pro |website=[[Globe Telecom|Globe]]}}</ref> == Personal na buhay == Paborito ni Eala ang [[:en:Kaldereta|kaldereta]] at mas gusto niya ang [[matcha]] kaysa kape.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mina |first=Inna |date=3 Pebrero 2026 |title=Ikaw ba ay tao ng Kare-Kare? Ang ranggo ni Alex Eala sa pagkaing Pilipino ay maaaring ikagulat mo |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/40770/are-you-a-kare-kare-person-alex-eala-filipino-food-rankings-might-surprise-you |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=One Sports |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Castillejo |first1=Dyan |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala at mga kapwa propesyonal ang kanilang personalidad sa labas ng korte sa Players Box Podcast |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/4/1/alex-eala-joins-fellow-players-on-the-players-box-podcast-0007 |website=ABS-CBN Sports |publisher=ABS-CBN Network |access-date=31 Marso 2026}}</ref> Multilingual siya at nagsasalita ng Ingles, Kastila, at [[Wikang Tagalog|Tagalog]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Futterman |first1=Matthew |title=Bumalik si Alex Eala sa Miami Open, kung saan nagsimula ang isang pangarap na nagpasiklab ng fenomeno sa tennis |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7124102/2026/03/19/tennis-alex-eala-philippines-miami-open/ |website=The Athletic |publisher=The New York Times |access-date=25 Marso 2026}}</ref> Itinuturing niya ang [[:en:Wimbledon_Championships|Wimbledon]] bilang paborito niyang Grand Slam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=3 Hulyo 2025 |title='Living my dream': Nagdiwang si Alex Eala sa makasaysayang Wimbledon stint |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-revels-historic-wimbledon-stint-2025/ |access-date=3 Hulyo 2025 |website=Rappler |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 Disyembre 2025 |title=Vogue Rapid-Fire interview kay Alex Eala |url=https://www.instagram.com/reels/DSoxP5lk1bS/ |access-date=24 Disyembre 2025 |website=Instagram |language=tl}}</ref> Binanggit niya si [[Maria Sharapova]] bilang impluwensya sa kanyang istilo ng laro at nakapagsanay na siya kasama si [[Rafael Nadal]] at ang kapatid niyang si Miko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atencio |first=Peter |date=19 Hulyo 2025 |title=Ang impluwensya ni Sharapova ang nagtutulak sa agresibong laro ni Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/sports-plus/314618107/sharapovas-influence-drives-alex-ealas-aggressive-game.html |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Manila Standard |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=20 Nobyembre 2025 |title=Naglaro si Alex Eala kasama si Rafael Nadal |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/649046/alex-eala-trains-with-rafael-nadal-in-his-return-to-court |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Inquirer |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 Agosto 2025 |title=Bago ang malalaking tao, palaging nasa tabi ni Alex Eala ang kanyang kapatid na si Miko |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/get-to-know-alex-eala-older-brother-and-avid-supporter-miko-a6035-20250827 |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> Pagkatapos ng kanyang breakout sa 2025 Miami Open, lumawak ang kanyang kasikatan sa Pilipinas at sa mga [[:en:Overseas_Filipinos_Filipino_diaspora|komunidad ng Pilipino sa ibayong dagat]], na inihalintulad ng ilang komentarista sa impluwensya ni [[Manny Pacquiao]]. Ayon sa mamamahayag at dating manlalaro ng tennis na si [[:en:Dyan_Castillejo|Dyan Castillejo]], tinatrato na siya ng mga tagahanga “na para bang nanalo na siya ng Grand Slam.” Nakatulong din ang paggamit niya ng Tagalog sa pagpapalakas ng ugnayan sa mga tagasuporta, at ang kanyang pag-angat ay nagpasiklab ng bagong interes sa tennis sa bansa. Inihambing din ng mga analista ang epekto niya sa paglawak ng tennis sa mga pigura tulad nina [[:en:Li_Na|Li Na]] at [[:en:Ons_Jabeur|Ons Jabeur]].<ref name=":0" /> Mas naging palakaibigan si Eala sa tour at nakabuo ng mga sumusuportang pagkakaibigan kina [[:en:Iva_Jović|Iva Jović]], [[:en:Zeynep_Sonmez|Zeynep Sonmez]], [[:en:Victoria_Mboko|Victoria Mboko]], [[:en:Eva_Lys|Eva Lys]], [[:en:Leylah_Fernandez|Leylah Fernandez]], at [[:en:Lizette_Cabrera|Lizette Cabrera]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reyes |first=Kate |date=9 Marso 2026 |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala ang mga kaibigan na kanyang nakilala sa kanyang batang karera sa WTA |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/alex-eala-bares-friends-she-has-made-in-her-young-wta-career-a6035-20260309 |access-date=9 Marso 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> ==Karera== ===Junior na Taon=== Nagtagumpay si Eala sa junior circuit, kabilang ang kanyang mga panalo sa singles sa [[:en:2022_US_Open_–_Girls'_singles|US Open]] at mga titulo sa doubles sa [[:en:2020_Australian_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|Australian Open]] at [[:en:2021_French_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|French Open]].<ref name=":63" /> === Propesyonal === ==== ITF tour ==== Mula sa kanyang mga junior na karera, lumipat si Eala sa [[:en:ITF_Women's_World_Tennis_Tour|ITF circuit]], kung saan unti-unti niyang pinagtibay ang kanyang rekord. Mula 2021 hanggang 2024, nakamit niya ang anim na titulo sa singles, kabilang ang torneo na [[:en:2024_Open_Araba_en_Femenino_–_Singles|W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz]]. Sa doubles, nagwagi siya ng tatlong titulo noong 2024, kasama sina [[:en:Darja_Semeņistaja|Darja Semeņistaja]] at [[:en:Estelle_Cascino|Estelle Cascino]].<ref name=":63" /> ====WTA Tour==== Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa [[:en:WTA_Tour|WTA Tour]] noong 2021 sa kanyang unang pagsabak sa [[:en:2021_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], kung saan nabigo siyang makalusot sa qualifying. Lumahok din siya sa [[:en:2021_Winners_Open_–_Singles|Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca)]], ngunit natigil sa ikalawang yugto.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2022, muling naglaro si Eala sa [[:en:2022_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] ngunit natanggal sa unang yugto. Sinubukan din niyang makapasok sa [[:en:2022_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], subalit nabigo siya sa qualifying.<ref name=":63" /> Pagsapit ng 2023, sumabak siya sa [[:en:2023_Thailand_Open_–_Singles|Thailand Open (Hua Hin)]], [[:en:2023_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2023_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2023_Japan_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Japan Women’s Open (Osaka)]], [[:en:2023_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], at [[:en:2023_Jasmin_Open_–_Singles|Jasmin Open (Monastir, Tunisia)]], ngunit hindi siya nakalusot sa unang yugto ng mga nasabing torneo.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2024_Veneto_Open_–_Singles|Veneto Open (Italy)]] bago mapatigil ni [[:en:Sara_Errani|Sara Errani]]. Gayunman, karamihan sa kanyang kampanya ay nauwi sa maagang pagkatanggal sa mga torneo tulad ng [[:en:2024_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2024_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2024_Wuhan_Open_–_Singles|Wuhan Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], [[:en:2024_Guadalajara_Open_Akron_–_Singles|Guadalajara Akron Open]], [[:en:2024_Ningbo_Open_–_Singles|Ningbo Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Jiangxi_Open_–_Singles|Jiangxi Open (Jiujiang, China)]], [[:en:2024_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Nottingham_Open_–_Women's_singles|Nottingham Open]], [[:en:2024_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra International]], [[:en:2024_Polish_Open_–_Singles|Polish Open (Warsaw)]], at [[:en:2024_Makarska_International_Championships_–_Singles|Makarska Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, nakarating siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] bago mapigilan ni [[:en:Jessica_Pegula|Jessica Pegula]]. Sa damuhan, umabot siya sa final ng [[:en:2025_Eastbourne_Open_–_Women's_singles|Eastbourne Open]] at nagtapos bilang runner-up kay [[:en:Maya_Joint|Maya Joint]]. Nakamit din niya ang kanyang unang titulo sa Challenger/125 level sa [[:en:2025_Guadalajara_125_Open_–_Singles|Guadalajara 125 Open]], at umabot sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra Open]], [[:en:2025_Jingshan_Tennis_Open_–_Women's_singles|Jingshan Open (China)]], at [[:en:2025_Suzhou_WTA_125_–_Singles|Suzhou Open]]. Gayunpaman, hindi siya nagtagumpay sa [[:en:2025_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]], [[:en:2025_National_Bank_Open_–_Women's_singles|Canadian Open]], at [[:en:2025_Hong_Kong_Tennis_Open_–_Singles|Hong Kong Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nakapasok siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2026_ASB_Classic_–_Women's_singles|ASB Classic (Auckland)]] at [[:en:2026_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], at umabot din sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2026_Philippine_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Philippines Women’s Open]] at [[:en:2026_Dubai_Tennis_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Dubai Tennis Championships]]. Nakarating siya sa ika-apat na yugto ng [[:en:2026_BNP_Paribas_Open_–_Women's_singles|Indian Wells Open]] at [[:en:2026_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]]. Sa luwad, umabot siya sa ikatlong yugto ng [[:en:2026_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]] bago natalo kay [[:en:Elena_Rybakina|Elena Rybakina]], ngunit nabigo sa unang yugto ng [[:en:2026_Qatar_TotalEnergies_Open_–_Singles|Qatar Open]], [[:en:2026_Porsche_Tennis_Grand_Prix_–_Singles|Stuttgart Open]], at [[:en:2026_Internationaux_de_Strasbourg_–_Singles|Strasbourg International]].<ref name=":63" /> === Grand Slam === Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa mga torneo ng Grand Slam noong 2023 sa kanyang unang mga pagsubok sa qualifying, kabilang ang laban niya kay [[:en:Misaki_Doi|Misaki Doi]] sa opening round ng [[:en:2023_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa final qualifying round sa lahat ng apat na major—[[:en:2024_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open]], [[:en:2024_French_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|French Open]], [[:en:2024_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Wimbledon]], at [[:en:2024_US_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|US Open]]—ngunit hindi pa rin siya nakapasok sa main draw.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, muling sumabak si Eala sa [[:en:2025_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]] ngunit natanggal. Gayunman, nakapasok siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2025_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|French Open]] at [[:en:2025_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Wimbledon]], kung saan kapwa siya natalo sa unang yugto. Sa [[:en:2025_US_Open_–_Women's_singles|US Open]], umabot siya sa ikalawang round bago magpaubaya kay [[:en:Cristina_Bucșa|Cristina Bucșa]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nag-debut siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2026_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Australian Open]] ngunit natalo sa unang round kay [[:en:Alycia_Parks|Alycia Parks]]. Sa [[:en:2026_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|Roland Garros]], natigil din ang kanyang kampanya sa opening round matapos matalo kay [[:en:Iva_Jovic|Iva Jovic]].<ref name=":63" /> <!-- ===Eala's Matches=== ---> == Mga laro ni Eala == === Juniors === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Singles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || R2 || R3 || A || A |- | French Open || A || SF || A || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || A || W |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Doubles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || A || W || A || A |- | French Open || A || A || W || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || SF || – |} === ITF Women's World Tour === ==== ITF Titles ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Tournament !! Category !! Event !! Partner |- | 2021 || W15 Manacor || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2022 || W25 Chiang Rai || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Yecla || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Roehampton || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W50 Pune || ITF || Doubles || Darja Semeņistaja |- | 2024 || W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |} ===== ITF Singles ===== ''' 2020 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 2 || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anna Zarycka || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Lara Salden || 0–6, 6–2, 2–6 |- | Melilla || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anastasia Charaeva || 3–6, 3–6 |- | Monastir 9 || W15 || Hard || Second Round || Nina Stadler || 6–4, 6–7, 5–7 |} ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W15 Manacor || W15 || Hard || Final (Title) || Yvonne Cavalle-Reimers || 5–7, 6–1, 6–2 |- | W15 Manacor 2 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ylena In-Albon || 0–6, 3–6 |- | W15 Manacor 3 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Oksana Selekhmeteva || 2–6, 3–6 |- | W25 Grenoble || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Maja Chwalińska || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Manacor 4 || W25 || Hard || Second Round || Jana Fett || 6–4, 3–6, 5–7 |- | W15 Manacor 5 || W15 || Hard || First Round || Simona Waltert || 4–6, 6–2, 5–7 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || Second Round || Simona Waltert || 5–7, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Irene Burillo Escorihuela || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Madrid 2 || W25 || Hard || First Round || Andrea Lázaro García || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Milovice || W25 || Hard || First Round || Daria Astakhova || 2–6, 2–6 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Chiang Rai || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Luksika Kumkhum || 6–4, 6–2 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Erika Sema || 3–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Robbe || 6–7(3), 3–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Final || Marina Bassols Ribera || 4–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W60 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessika Ponchet || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 El Espinar || W25 || Hard || Semifinals || Eva Guerrero Alvarez || 2–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W100 Grodzisk Mazowiecki || W100 || Hard || First Round || Katharina Hobgarski || 4–6, 3–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Katarzyna Kawa || 6–2, 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Rancho Santa Fe || W80 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Marcela Zacarías || 2–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Hamburg || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Ysaline Bonaventure || 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Semifinals || Ysaline Bonaventure || 1–6, 6–3, 3–6 |- | W100 Shrewsbury || W100 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Maia Lumsden || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Yecla || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Valentina Ryser || 6–3, 7–5 |- | W25 Roehampton || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Arina Rodionova || 6–2, 6–3 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || Final || Destanee Aiava || 6–3, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || Final || Océane Dodin || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Final (Title) || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || 6–4, 6–4 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 6–4, 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Takasaki || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Mananchaya Sawangkaew || 6–4, 1–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Cary || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Renata Zarazúa || 6–3, 4–6, 3–6 |- | W100 Landisville || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Olivia Gadecki || 1–6, 6–0, 3–6 |- | W75 Porto || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna Bondar || 4–6, 7–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Trnava 1 || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anastasia Gureva || 2–6, 6–3, 6–7 |- | W75 Trnava 2 || W75 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Martincová || 6–3, 4–6, 6–7 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Second Round || Mona Barthel || 6–4, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Zagreb || W75 || Clay || First Round || Tena Lukas || 5–7, 6–3, 4–6 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || First Round || Selena Janicijevic || 3–6, 1–6 |- | W50 Indore || W50 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 4–6, 7–6, 2–6 |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Darja Semenistaja || 6–7, 0–6 |} ===== ITF Doubles ===== ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Madrid || W25 || Hard || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || Quarterfinals || Olivia Tjandramulia / Ashley Lahey || 5–7, 6–4, 6–10 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Oksana Selekhmeteva || Final || Justina Mikulskytė / Oana Simion || 3–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Manacor || W25 || Hard || Elsa Jacquemot || Quarterfinals || Olga Parres Azcoitia / Aurora Zantedeschi || 6–2, 4–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Macon || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Audrey Albie / Aubane Droguet || 4–6, 2–6 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 1 || W25 || Hard || Indy De Vroome || First Round || Patcharin Cheapchandej / Punnin Kovapitukted || 6–4, 5–7, 6–10 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Kyōka Okamura || Quarterfinals || Pimrada Jattavapornvanit / Gozal Ainitdinova || 6–4, 7–6(4), 2–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Olga Helmi / Adithya Karunaratne || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Liang En-shuo || Quarterfinals || Tímea Babos / Valeria Savinykh || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Palma del Río || W25 || Clay || Marina Bassols Ribera || Semifinals || Valeria Savinykh / Fanny Stollár || 2–6, 0–6 |- | W25 Corroios-Seixal || W25 || Hard || Lizette Cabrera || Quarterfinals || Justina Mikulskytė / Hong Yi Cody Wong || 5–7, 4–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Annaëlle Robbe || Second Round || Madison Brengle || 6–3, 6–7, 6–10 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Petra Marcinko || Quarterfinals || Miriam Skoch / Markéta Vondroušová || 5–7, 2–6 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W60 Trnava 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 4–6, 1–6 |- | W60 Chiasso || W60 || Clay || — || First Round || Beatrice Gumulya / Anna Sisková || 3–6, 6–4, 11–13 |- | W25 Zaragoza || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Alana Parnaby / Victoria Rodríguez || 6–4, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 5–7, 6–1, 9–11 |- | W60 Barcelona || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–4, 3–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Roehampton 2 || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Talia Gibson / Petra Hule || 1–6, 5–7 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Erina Hayashi / Saki Imamura || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W100 Tokyo 2 || W100 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 0–6, 7–5, 6–10 |- | W60 Glasgow 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Freya Christie / Olivia Gadecki || — |- | W60 Nantes || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Ekaterina Maklakova / Ekaterina Reyngold || 6–1, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Danielle Collins / Isabelle Haverlag || 2–6, 4–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Darja Semeņistaja || Final (Title) || Naiktha Bains / Fanny Stollár || 7–6(8), 6–3 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Maia Lumsden / Jessika Ponchet || 7–5, 7–6(4) |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Lia Karatancheva / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–3, 2–6, 10–4 |- | W75 Porto 3 || W75 || Hard || Alicia Barnett || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Friedsam / Aliccia Barnett || 3–6, 4–6 |- | W75 Trnava || W75 || Hard || Zeynep Sönmez || Semifinals || Lulu Sun / Moyuka Uchijima || 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Valentini Grammatikopoulou || Quarterfinals || Isabelle Haverlag / Erika Pridankina || 7–5, 4–6, 3–10 |} === WTA and WTA 125 tournaments === ==== 2021 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Court !! Category !! Opponent !! Round !! Score |- | Miami Open || Hard || WTA 1000 || Viktória Hrunčáková || Qualifying 1 || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca) || Clay || WTA 250 || Mayar Sherif || Second Round || 2–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2022 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Category !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Madison Brengle || 2–6, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Qualifying 1 || Anna Bondár || 0–6, 0–6 |} ==== 2023 ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Misaki Doi || 6–4, 1–6, 3–6 |- | Thailand Open (Hua Hin) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Irina-Camelia Begu || 2–6, 5–7 |- | Mutua Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Tatjana Maria || 1–6, 1–6 |- | Japan Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Himari Sakatsume (Q) || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (3) || 3–6, 0–6 |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Elise Mertens (2) || 5–7, 0–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Cristina Bucșa / Bibiane Schoofs || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2024 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Rebecca Peterson (18) || 2–6, 5–7 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Qualifying 3 || Julia Riera (2) || 6–4, 6–7, 4–6 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Qualifying 3 || Lulu Sun (23) || 6–7, 5–7 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 3 || Elena-Gabriela Ruse (20) || 6–3, 1–6, 4–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Emiliana Arango || 6–2, 5–7, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Sorana Cîrstea (27) || 3–6, 7–6, 4–6 |- | Wuhan Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Kateřina Siniaková || 3–6, 1–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Magda Linette || 6–7, 1–6 |- | Guadalajara Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Priscilla Hon || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Jiangxi Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (1) || 5–7, 6–7 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Bernarda Pera || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Qualifying 2 || Ena Shibahara || 7–6, 0–6, 2–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Céline Naef (5) || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Tatjana Maria (4) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Polish Open (Warsaw) || WTA 125 || Hard || First Round || Isabella Shinikova || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Veneto Open (Gaiba) || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Sara Errani (4) || 0–6, 6–7 |- | Makarska Open || WTA 125 || Clay || First Round || Maria Timofeeva (Q) || 6–1, 3–6, 2–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Laura Pigossi || Semifinals || Kaylah McP / Astra Sharma || 6–7(1), 3–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Taylah Preston || First Round || Valeria Lepchenko / Anna Falei || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Polish Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Daniela Semenistaja || Quarterfinals || Weronika Falkowska / Martyna Kubka || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Kimberly Birrell || Quarterfinals || Katarzyna Piter / Fanny Stollar || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || En Shuo Liang || Quarterfinals || Giuliana Olmos / Alexandra Panova || 1–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2025 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Jana Fett (133) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Singapore Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Simona Waltert (179) || 3–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessica Pegula (4) || 6–7, 7–5, 3–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Second Round || Iga Świątek (2) || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Marta Kostyuk (27) || 0–6, 1–6 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || First Round || Emiliana Arango (85) || 0–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- |Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová || 5-7, 7-6(5), 1-6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || First Round || Magda Linette (31) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Eastbourne Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Finals (RunnerUp) || Maya Joint || 4–6, 6–1, 6–7 (10–12) |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || First Round || Barbora Krejčíková (16) || 6–3, 2–6, 1–6 |- | National Bank Open (Montreal) || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Markéta Vondroušová (63) || 6–3, 1–6, 2–6 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Second Round || Cristina Bucșa (95) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | São Paulo Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Janice Tjen (130) || 4–6, 1–6 |- | China Open (Wuhan) || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Moyuka Uchijima (91) || 4–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | Japan Women's Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Valentová (78) || 1–6, 2–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Claire Liu (305) || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | Hong Kong Tennis Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Second Round || Victoria Mboko (21) || 6–3, 3–6, 4–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Shuai Wei (134) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Mai Hontama (166) || 6–7, 2–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Second Round || Panna Udvardy (137) || 6–7, 4–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová (152) || 5–7, 7–6, 1–6 |- | Ilkley Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Rebecca Marino (107) || 6–1, 0–6, 6–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Champion || Panna Udvardy (134) || 1–6, 7–5, 6–3 |- | Jingshan Tennis Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Lulu Sun (146) || 6–3, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Suzhou Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Viktorija Golubic (70) || 6–2, 2–6, 6–7 |} '''Withdrawals''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Reason |- | Cincinnati Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Shoulder injury |- | Monterrey Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Shoulder injury |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Nadiia Kichenok || Semifinals || Katarzyna Piter / Janice Tjen || 7–6(4), 3–6, 5–10 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Coco Gauff || Quarterfinals || Jasmine Paolini / Sara Errani || 5–7, 6–3, 7–10 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Renata Zarazúa || Second Round || Olga Danilović / Anastasia Potapova || 1–6, 3–6 |- | Hong Kong Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Chan Hao‑ching || First Round || Kamilla Rakhimova / Aliaksandra Sasnovich || 6–3, 1–6, 7–10 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Eva Lys || First Round || Ingrid Gamarra Martins / Quinn Gleason || 4–6, 2–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Rebeka Masarova || First Round || Storm Hunter / Ellen Perez || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Tsao Chia‑yi || First Round || Amina Anshba / Elena Pridankina || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Katie Volynets || First Round || Carmen Corley / Olivia Gadecki || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2026 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Semifinals || Wang Xinyu || 7–5, 5–7, 6–4 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || First Round || Alycia Parks || 6–0, 3–6, 2–6 |- | Philippines Womens Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals|| Camila Osorio || 4-6, 4-6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ekaterina Alexandrova|| 3-6, 3-6 |- | Qatar Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round|| Tereza Valentová|| 6-7 (6), 1-6 |- |Dubai Tennis Championships |WTA 1000 |Hard |Quarterfinals |Coco Gauff |0-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Linda Noskova |2-6, 0-6 |- |Miami Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Karolína Muchová |0-6,2-6 |- |Linz Open |WTA 500 |Clay |Second Round |Jelena Ostapenko |4-6, 5-7 |- |Stuttgart Open |WTA 500 |Clay | First Round | Leylah Fernandez | 1-6, 4-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Second Round |Elise Mertens |2-6, 1-6 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Third Round |Elena Rybakina |4-6, 3-6 |- |Strasbourg International |WTA 500 |Clay |First Round |Oleksandra Oliynykova |6-3, 5-7, 3-6 |- |French Open |Grand Slam |Clay |First Round |Iva Jovic |4-6, 2-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Second Round |Alina Charaeva | |- |HSBC Championships |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Berlin Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Bad Homburg Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Wimbledon |Grand Slam |Grass | | | |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Iva Jovic || Semifinals || Xu Yifan / Yang Zhaoxuan || 5–7, 3–6 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Ingrid Martins || First Round || Shuko Aoyama / Magda Linette || 6–7(3), 6–2, 3–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Janice Tjen|| Semifinals|| Tereza Mihalíková / Olivia Nicholls|| 4-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Iva Jovic |First Round |Hailey Baptiste / Jelena Ostapenko |2-6, 2-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Zeynep Sönmez |Second Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |1-6, 5-7 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Hailey Baptiste |First Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |2-6, 1-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Nikola Bartůňková |First Round |Harriet Dart / Maia Lumsden |4-6, 6-2, 9-11 |- |} == Taunang ranggo ng WTA == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ ! Taon !! Isahan !! Dalawahan |- | 2021 || 529 || 780 |- | 2022 || 219 || 594 |- | 2023 || 205 || 436 |- | 2024 || 158 || 239 |- | 2025 || 50 || 161 |} Pinagmulan: Opisyal na Profile ni Alex Eala sa WTA<ref name=":63" /> == Estilo ng Paglalaro == Si Eala ay isang agresibong baseliner na gumagamit ng forehand at matatag na backhand upang kontrolin ang rally. Bilang kaliwete, nakalilikha siya ng mabigat na topspin at kilala sa mahusay na return game. Ang kanyang pangunahing kahinaan ay ang serve, na kulang sa bilis at variety, kahit mas epektibo siya sa hard courts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caramoan |first=Miguel Alfonso |date=January 19, 2026 |title=What’s next for Alex Eala after 2026 Australian Open first-round exit? |url=https://www.espn.ph/tennis/story/_/id/47658308/what-next-alex-eala-2026-australian-open-first-round-exit |website=ESPN |language=en|access-date=January 24, 2026}}</ref> Nakamit na niya ang semifinals ng WTA 1000 at tinalo ang tatlong major champions sa [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|2025 Miami Open]].<ref name=":Gulf">{{Cite web |title=What Alexandra Eala Needs to Win Titles and Beat Top Players |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/what-alexandra-eala-needs-to-win-titles-and-beat-top-players-1.500440043 |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Gulf News}}</ref> Ayon sa mga analyst, kailangan niyang palakasin ang serve, dagdagan ang variety, at patatagin ang kondisyon upang makipagsabayan sa pinakamalalaking titulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2026 |title=Alex Eala told where she can improve: Martina Navratilova offers advice |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/alex-eala-told-where-she-can-improve-martina-navratilova-offers-advice |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> === Pagganap ni Eala Laban sa mga Top 20 na Manlalaro === {| class="wikitable" ! Kategorya !! Estadistika |- | Aces || 21 |- | Double Faults || 77 |- | First Serve % || 64.9% |- | First Serve Points Won || 60.9% |- | Second Serve Points Won || 47.2% |- | Break Points Saved || 52.7% |- | Service Points Won || 56.1% |- | Service Games Won || 64.1% |- | Return Points Won || 44.2% |- | 1st Return Points Won || 36.7% |- | 2nd Return Points Won || 56.4% |- | Break Points Converted || 42.5% |- | Return Games Won || 35.5% |- | Dominance Ratio (DR) || 0.79 |} Ang serve ni Eala ay gumagana ngunit hindi nakakapangibabaw. Ang mataas na bilang ng double fault at katamtamang tagumpay sa first serve ay pumipigil sa kanya na kontrolin ang laro. Gayunpaman, ang kanyang return game ay malinaw na lakas—lalo na laban sa second serves kung saan nananalo siya ng higit sa kalahati ng mga puntos. Sa dominance ratio na 0.79, mas mababa siya sa antas ng elite ngunit ipinapakita na kaya niyang makipagsabayan sa mas mataas na ranggo. Ang pagpapabuti sa pagiging maaasahan ng serve ang maaaring maging susi upang mapalapit siya sa Top 10.<ref name=":2" /> '''Mahahalagang Laban''' {| class="wikitable" ! Petsa !! Torneo !! Kalaban !! Ranggo !! Resulta |- | Mar 2025 || Miami QF || Iga Świątek || #2 || '''Panalo 6–2, 7–5''' |- | Mar 2025 || Miami R32 || Madison Keys || #5 || '''Panalo 6–4, 6–3''' |- | Mar 2025 || Miami SF || Jessica Pegula || #4 || Talo 6–7, 7–5, 3–6 |- | May 2025 || Madrid R32 || Iga Świątek || #1 || Talo 3–6, 2–6 |- | Aug 2025 || US Open R128 || Clara Tauson || #14 || '''Panalo 6–3, 2–6, 7–6(11)''' |- | Jul 2025 || Wimbledon R64 || Barbora Krejčíková || #16 || Talo 4–6, 2–6 |- | Feb 2026 || Dubai R32 || Jasmine Paolini || #6 || '''Panalo 6–1, 7–6(5)''' |- | Feb 2026 || Dubai QF || Coco Gauff || #3 || Talo 0–6, 2–6 |} May apat na malinaw na panalo si Eala laban sa mga Top 20 na kalaban, laban sa pitong pagkatalo. Ang straight‑set na tagumpay niya laban kay Świątek sa Miami 2025 ang nananatiling pinakamahalagang breakthrough, habang ang mga panalo laban kina Keys, Tauson, at Paolini ay nagpapatunay na kaya niyang umangat sa mahihirap na laban. Ang mga pagkatalo kina Pegula, Gauff, at Krejčíková ay nagpapakita ng inconsistency na kailangan pa niyang lampasan. Sa edad na 21, napatunayan na niyang kaya niyang talunin ang pinakamagagaling. Ang hamon ngayon ay kung paano mapapanatili ang antas na iyon sa iba’t ibang torneo. Sa pagpapabuti ng kanyang serve, may pundasyon na siya upang maging regular na Grand Slam contender.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Tennis Abstract: Alexandra Eala vs. Top 20 Players |url=https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=ACareerqqITop_20qqv1 |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=Tennis Abstract}}</ref> == Ibang larangan == === Pambansang koponan === Kinatawan ni Eala ang [[Pilipinas]] sa mga internasyonal na torneo. Nagwagi siya ng mga medalya sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2021_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2021]] (pilak sa singles, team, at mixed doubles) at sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2022_Asian_Games|Asian Games 2022]] (pilak sa singles at mixed doubles).<ref name=":7">{{cite news |last1=Carandang |first1=Justin Kenneth |date=May 20, 2022 |title=Tennis ace Alex Eala settles for bronze in women's singles |work=[[GMA News]] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/sports/othersports/832339/tennis-ace-alex-eala-settles-for-bronze-in-women-s-singles/story/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 25, 2025}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite news |last=Payo |first=Jasmine |date=September 29, 2023 |title=Alex Eala bags 2nd Asian Games bronze with Alcantara in doubles |language=en-US |work=[[Rappler]] |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/tennis-semifinal-results-mixed-doubles-alex-eala-francis-casey-alcantara-asian-games-september-29-2023/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 10, 2025}}</ref> Noong 2024, pinangunahan niya ang koponan sa 5–0 panalo sa Group II ng Billie Jean King Cup qualifiers, na nag-angat sa Pilipinas sa Group I.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Luisa |date=December 2, 2024 |title=Alex Eala relishes leading Team Philippines to BJK Cup promotion in Bahrain |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/26898/alex-eala-relishes-leading-team-philippines-to-bjk-cup-promotion-in-bahrain |url-status=live |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=One Sports |language=en}}</ref> Sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2025_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2025]], nakamit niya ang ginto sa women's singles at tanso sa mixed doubles at team events.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=December 18, 2025 |title=Alex Eala wins SEA Games tennis gold, ends long drought for PH|url=https://sports.inquirer.net/655069/alex-eala-wins-sea-games-tennis-gold-ends-long-drought-for-ph |access-date=December 18, 2025 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref> ===Mga Eksibisyon na Laro=== ====Singles: 1 (titles)==== {|class="wikitable" !Resulta !{{ns}}Petsa{{ns}} !Torneo !Uri ng Korte !Kalaban !Iskor |- |Panalo | Enero 2026 |[[:en:Kooyong_Classic|Kooyong Classic]], Melbourne, Australia |Matigas na Korte |[[:en:Donna Vekić|Donna Vekić]] |6–3, 6–4 |} === Mga sponsorship === Simula pagkabata, sinuportahan si Eala ng [[:en:Globe_Telecom|Globe Telecom]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 25, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Opens Up About Life |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/about-us/newsroom/corporate/alex-eala-meet-and-greet}}</ref> at kalaunan ay nagkaroon ng mga endorsement mula sa [[:en:Babolat|Babolat]], [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]], at [[:en:Bank_of_the_Philippine_Islands|BPI]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Champ’s choice: Alex Eala signs up as BPI’s newest endorser|url=https://bilyonaryo.com/2023/01/25/champs-choice-alex-eala-signs-up-as-bpis-newest-endorser/money/}}</ref> bago naging brand ambassador ng [[:en:Milo_(drink)|Milo]] noong 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2026 |title=MILO Active Pilipinas launched with Eala as new ambassador |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/milo-active-pilipinas-launched-with-eala-as-new-ambassador.html}}</ref> === Mga parangal === Walong beses nang kinilala si Eala ng [[:en:Philippine_Sportswriters_Association|Philippine Sportswriters Association]] sa [[:en:PSA_Annual_Awards|PSA Annual Awards]], kabilang ang paggawad sa kanya bilang ''Athlete of the Year'' noong 2026.<ref>Citations for Eala's PSA Annual Awards: *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 25, 2019 |title=Top PH athletes share limelight in PSA Awards 2019 |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/224351-philippine-athletes-sportswriters-association-awards-2019/ |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Gionco |first=Mark |date=February 29, 2020 |title=PH tennis rising star Alex Eala to be feted at PSA Awards |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/387640/ph-tennis-rising-star-alex-eala-to-be-feted-at-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=March 12, 2021 |title=PSA to honor tennis star Eala, boxing champs Casimero, Taduran |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/3/12/psa-to-honor-tennis-star-eala-boxing-champs-casimero-taduran |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 27, 2022 |title=Scribes fete world-class PH boxers |language=en |website=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/27/scribes-fete-world-class-ph-boxers/ |url-status=live |access-date=October 12, 2025 |archive-url= |archive-date=}} *{{Cite news |date=February 12, 2023 |title=PSA Awards: Young Alex Eala to be recognized with President's Award |language=en-US |website=Tiebreaker Times |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/psa-awards-young-alex-eala-to-be-recognized-with-presidents-award/261823 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 10, 2023 |title=Eala recipient of PSA Prexy Awards |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2023/02/10/2243942/eala-recipient-psa-prexy-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=January 24, 2024 |title=Alex Eala, Tots Carlos to be recognized in PSA Awards |website=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/01/15/24/alex-eala-tots-carlos-to-be-recognized-in-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Malanum |first=Jean |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala tops PSA achievers for September |language=en |website=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1260619 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala leads PSA's September honorees |language=en |website=SunStar Publishing Inc. |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/sports/eala-leads-psas-september-honorees |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 17, 2026 |title=Alex Eala hails PSA Athlete of the Year award a proof of PH tennis' rise |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/people/athletes/alex-eala-hails-athlete-of-year-award-proof-tennis-rise-philippines/ |access-date=February 17, 2026}}</ref> Noong 2021, isinama siya ng [[:en:Tatler_Asia|''Tatler Asia'']] sa talaan ng mga pinaka-maimpluwensiyang personalidad sa Asya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asia's Most Influential Philippines 2021 |url=https://www.tatlerasia.com/list/ami/ph?page=3&industry=all&region=ph&year=2021}}</ref> Noong Abril 2025, ginawaran si Eala ng ''Premios Tanglaw'' ng [[:en:Embassy_of_the_Philippines|Embahada ng Pilipinas]] sa Madrid bilang pagkilala sa kanyang ambag sa [[:en:Philippines–Spain_relations|ugnayan ng Pilipinas at Espanya]].<ref>{{cite news |date=April 2025 |title=Premios Tanglaw honoring Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/premios-tanglaw-eala}}</ref> Noong 2026, kinilala siya ng Forbes Asia bilang isa sa kanilang [[:en:Forbes_30_Under_30|30 Under 30]] sa kategoryang Libangan at Isports, dahil sa kanyang papel sa pag-angat ng Pilipinas sa pandaigdigang tennis.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Watson |first=Rana Wehbe |date=May 27, 2026 |title=30 Under 30 Asia’s Next Icons: The Gen Z Athletes And Music Artists Rewriting The Playbook |work=Forbes Asia |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ranawehbe/2026/05/27/30-under-30-asias-next-icons-the-gen-z-athletes-and-music-artists-rewriting-the-playbook/ |access-date=May 27, 2026}}</ref> ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} ==Mga panlabas na kawing== [https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/- Alexandra Eala Official WTA Page] [https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/s/overview/ Alexandra Eala Official ITF Women's World Tennis Page] [https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=v1 Alexandra Eala's Tennis Abstract page] [[:en:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on English Wikipedia (English)]] [https://tv-philippines.fandom.com/wiki/Alex_Eala Alexandra Eala on Fandom (English)] [[:simple:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on Simple Wikipedia]] 71qp9wgvz7u662gb7svoud2fvbfoek4 2210294 2210293 2026-06-04T02:26:17Z Tabilay 153890 /* Pagganap ni Eala Laban sa mga Top 20 na Manlalaro */ 2210294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2025}} Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' (ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Quezon City]]) ay isang Pilipinang manlalaro ng [[tenis]]. Siya ang pinakamataas na naitalang ranggong Pilipino sa WTA, na umabot sa world No. 29 noong Marso 16, 2026.<ref name=":11">{{Cite news |last=Castillejo |first=Dyan |date=March 16, 2026 |title=Alex Eala rises to career-high World No. 29 |work=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/3/16/eala-rises-to-career-high-world-no-29-in-latest-wta-rankings-1032}}</ref> Nanalo siya ng mga junior Grand Slam: doubles sa 2020 Australian Open at 2021 French Open, at girls' singles sa 2022 US Open.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=September 10, 2022 |title=Eala captures US Open girls' singles crown |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/final-results-alex-eala-lucie-havlickova-us-open-september-10-2022/}}</ref> Sa pro circuit, mayroon siyang limang ITF singles at tatlong ITF doubles title. Noong 2025, umabot siya sa semifinals ng Miami Open, nag-final sa Eastbourne Open, at nagkampeon sa WTA 125 Guadalajara Open.<ref name=":63">{{Cite web |title=WTA: Alexandra Eala |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/alexandra-eala/matches#main-content |access-date=2026-03-26 |website=Women's Tennis Association |language=en}}</ref> {{Infobox tennis biography |name = Alexandra Eala |image = Ealas and Patrick Gregorio (cropped Alexandra Eala).jpg |image_upright = .8 |caption = Eala at the [[:en:2025 SEA Games|2025 SEA Games]] |fullname = Alexandra Maniego Eala |country = {{PHI}} |residence = [[Metro Manila]], Philippines<br>[[Mallorca]], Spain |birth_date = {{birth date and age|2005|5|23}} |birth_place = [[Quezon City]], Philippines |height = {{height|m=1.75}} |turnedpro = March 2020 |plays = Left-handed (two-handed backhand) |coach = Joan Bosch<br> Alexandro Viaene<br>Lluc Bauza (Fitness Coach) |careerprizemoney = US 1,997,574 |singlesrecord = {{tennis record|won=212|lost=130}} |singlestitles = 0 |highestsinglesranking = No. 29 (March 16, 2026) |currentsinglesranking = No. 37 (May 25, 2026) |doublesrecord = {{tennis record|won=48|lost=46}} |doublestitles = 0 |highestdoublesranking = No. 88 (May 4, 2026) |currentdoublesranking = No. 116 (May 25, 2026) |updated = May 25, 2026 |AustralianOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's singles|2025]],[[:en:2026 French Open – Women's singles|2026]]) |Wimbledonresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's singles|2025]]) |USOpenresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 US Open – Women's singles|2025]]) |AustralianOpenDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2026 Australian Open – Women's doubles|2026]]) |FrenchOpenDoublesresult = 2R ([[:en:2025 French Open – Women's doubles|2025]]) |WimbledonDoublesresult = 1R ([[:en:2025 Wimbledon Championships – Women's doubles|2025]]) | medaltemplates-expand = no | medaltemplates = {{MedalCountry |the {{PHI}}}} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the SEA Games|SEA Games]]}} {{MedalGold | 2025 Thailand | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Team }} {{MedalBronze | 2025 Thailand | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Singles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Mixed doubles }} {{MedalBronze | 2021 Vietnam | Team }} {{Medal|Sport|[[:en:Tennis at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}} {{MedalBronze | 2022 Hangzhou | Singles }} {{MedalBronze|2022 Hangzhou|Mixed doubles}} }} == Maagang buhay == Si '''Alexandra Maniego Eala''' ay ipinanganak noong Mayo 23, 2005 sa [[Lungsod Quezon]], Pilipinas, kina Michael Eala (business executive)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Jara-Puyod |first1=Mariecar |title=‘Eala’s grit, humility and passion have captured every Filipino’s heart,' says Philippine Ambassador Alfonso Ver |url=https://www.gulftoday.ae/sport/2026/02/20/ealas-grit-humility-and-passion-have-captured-every-filipinos-heart-says-philippine-ambassador-alfonso-ver |website=Gulf Today |publisher=Gulf Today |access-date=26 March 2026}}</ref> at [[:en:Rizza_Maniego-Eala|Rosemarie Maniego-Eala]], dating CFO ng [[Globe Telecom]] (hanggang 2024) at dating pambansang manlalangoy na nagwagi ng tansong medalya sa [[:en:1985_SEA_Games|1985 SEA Games]]. Ang kanyang mga tiyuhin ay sina [[:en:Noli_Eala|Noli Eala]] (dating chairperson ng [[:en:Philippine_Sports_Commission|Philippine Sports Commission]] at commissioner ng [[Philippine Basketball Association]])<ref name="Philstar">{{cite news |last1=Acebuche |first1=Yoniel |title=Alex Eala: What to know about the tennis phenom making history on the court |url=https://www.philstarlife.com/celebrity/828326-what-to-know-alex-eala |access-date=August 28, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]] |date=March 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Cordero |first=Abac |date=August 30, 2022 |title=Noli Eala named new Philippine Sports Commission chairman |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2022/08/30/2206206/noli-eala-named-new-philippine-sports-commission-chairman |access-date=November 5, 2025 |work=[[The Philippine Star]]}}</ref> at si Rhett Eala (fashion designer).<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tunac |first1=Hermes Joy |title=Alex Eala reveals uncle Rhett Eala designed the elegant Filipiniana she wore at Laureus Awards 2026 |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/shoppingandfashion/985027/alex-eala-reveals-uncle-rhett-eala-designed-the-elegant-filipiniana-she-wore-at-laureus-awar/story/ |work=[[GMA News]] |date=April 23, 2026}}</ref> Ang nakatatanda niyang kapatid na si Michael Francis “Miko” Eala ay naglaro ng tennis para sa [[:en:Penn_State_Nittany_Lions|Penn State]] mula 2020 hanggang 2024.<ref>{{Cite news |author1=Castillejo, Dyan |date=May 6, 2024 |title=Filipino athletes graduate as part of Penn State's class of 2024 |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/2024/5/6/filipino-athletes-graduate-as-part-of-penn-state-s-class-of-2024-1839 |work=[[ABS-CBN News]]}}</ref><ref name="PEP2">{{Cite news |last1=Bravo |date=March 27, 2025 |title=Who is Alex Eala, Pinoy tennis player at 2025 Miami Open? |url=https://www.pep.ph/peptionary/186040/alex-eala-a5128-20250327 |website=Philippine Entertainment Portal}}</ref> Nagsimulang maglaro si Eala ng tennis sa edad na apat, matapos ipakilala ng kanyang lolo sa ina na si Roberto Maniego, na siya rin ang una niyang coach.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Hilotin |title=Alex Eala: Rapid rise in tennis rankings, what's next? |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/alex-eala-rapid-rise-in-tennis-rankings-whats-next-1.500248201 |work=[Gulf News |date=August 28, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 30, 2022 |title=The rise of Alexandra Eala making headlines in the Philippines and beyond |url=https://www.wtatennis.com/news/2921343/alexandra-eala |website=Women's Tennis Association}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Payo |date=August 31, 2025 |title=Alex Eala and the guts to be first |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-guts-first-philippine-tennis/ |work=[[Rappler]]}}</ref> Nag-aral siya sa Immaculate Conception Academy sa [[San Juan, Metro Manila|San Juan]] at [[:en:Colegio_San_Agustin_–_Makati|Colegio San Agustin]] sa [[Makati]], bago lumipat sa [[:en:Rafa_Nadal_Academy|Rafa Nadal Academy]] sa [[:en:Manacor|Manacor]], Espanya, kung saan siya nagtapos noong 2023.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Mina |title=How Alex Eala became a world-class tennis champion |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/10/22/22/what-it-took-for-alex-eala-to-become-a-tennis-world-champ |work=[[ABS-CBN News]] |date=October 22, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=December 19, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Biography: Acing Her Path to the Tennis Court |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/blog/alex-eala-journey-to-pro |website=[[Globe Telecom|Globe]]}}</ref> == Personal na buhay == Paborito ni Eala ang [[:en:Kaldereta|kaldereta]] at mas gusto niya ang [[matcha]] kaysa kape.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mina |first=Inna |date=3 Pebrero 2026 |title=Ikaw ba ay tao ng Kare-Kare? Ang ranggo ni Alex Eala sa pagkaing Pilipino ay maaaring ikagulat mo |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/40770/are-you-a-kare-kare-person-alex-eala-filipino-food-rankings-might-surprise-you |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=One Sports |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Castillejo |first1=Dyan |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala at mga kapwa propesyonal ang kanilang personalidad sa labas ng korte sa Players Box Podcast |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/othersports/2026/4/1/alex-eala-joins-fellow-players-on-the-players-box-podcast-0007 |website=ABS-CBN Sports |publisher=ABS-CBN Network |access-date=31 Marso 2026}}</ref> Multilingual siya at nagsasalita ng Ingles, Kastila, at [[Wikang Tagalog|Tagalog]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |last1=Futterman |first1=Matthew |title=Bumalik si Alex Eala sa Miami Open, kung saan nagsimula ang isang pangarap na nagpasiklab ng fenomeno sa tennis |url=https://www.nytimes.com/athletic/7124102/2026/03/19/tennis-alex-eala-philippines-miami-open/ |website=The Athletic |publisher=The New York Times |access-date=25 Marso 2026}}</ref> Itinuturing niya ang [[:en:Wimbledon_Championships|Wimbledon]] bilang paborito niyang Grand Slam.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=3 Hulyo 2025 |title='Living my dream': Nagdiwang si Alex Eala sa makasaysayang Wimbledon stint |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/alex-eala-revels-historic-wimbledon-stint-2025/ |access-date=3 Hulyo 2025 |website=Rappler |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 Disyembre 2025 |title=Vogue Rapid-Fire interview kay Alex Eala |url=https://www.instagram.com/reels/DSoxP5lk1bS/ |access-date=24 Disyembre 2025 |website=Instagram |language=tl}}</ref> Binanggit niya si [[Maria Sharapova]] bilang impluwensya sa kanyang istilo ng laro at nakapagsanay na siya kasama si [[Rafael Nadal]] at ang kapatid niyang si Miko.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atencio |first=Peter |date=19 Hulyo 2025 |title=Ang impluwensya ni Sharapova ang nagtutulak sa agresibong laro ni Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/sports-plus/314618107/sharapovas-influence-drives-alex-ealas-aggressive-game.html |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Manila Standard |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=20 Nobyembre 2025 |title=Naglaro si Alex Eala kasama si Rafael Nadal |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/649046/alex-eala-trains-with-rafael-nadal-in-his-return-to-court |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Inquirer |language=tl}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=27 Agosto 2025 |title=Bago ang malalaking tao, palaging nasa tabi ni Alex Eala ang kanyang kapatid na si Miko |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/get-to-know-alex-eala-older-brother-and-avid-supporter-miko-a6035-20250827 |access-date=23 Pebrero 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> Pagkatapos ng kanyang breakout sa 2025 Miami Open, lumawak ang kanyang kasikatan sa Pilipinas at sa mga [[:en:Overseas_Filipinos_Filipino_diaspora|komunidad ng Pilipino sa ibayong dagat]], na inihalintulad ng ilang komentarista sa impluwensya ni [[Manny Pacquiao]]. Ayon sa mamamahayag at dating manlalaro ng tennis na si [[:en:Dyan_Castillejo|Dyan Castillejo]], tinatrato na siya ng mga tagahanga “na para bang nanalo na siya ng Grand Slam.” Nakatulong din ang paggamit niya ng Tagalog sa pagpapalakas ng ugnayan sa mga tagasuporta, at ang kanyang pag-angat ay nagpasiklab ng bagong interes sa tennis sa bansa. Inihambing din ng mga analista ang epekto niya sa paglawak ng tennis sa mga pigura tulad nina [[:en:Li_Na|Li Na]] at [[:en:Ons_Jabeur|Ons Jabeur]].<ref name=":0" /> Mas naging palakaibigan si Eala sa tour at nakabuo ng mga sumusuportang pagkakaibigan kina [[:en:Iva_Jović|Iva Jović]], [[:en:Zeynep_Sonmez|Zeynep Sonmez]], [[:en:Victoria_Mboko|Victoria Mboko]], [[:en:Eva_Lys|Eva Lys]], [[:en:Leylah_Fernandez|Leylah Fernandez]], at [[:en:Lizette_Cabrera|Lizette Cabrera]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Reyes |first=Kate |date=9 Marso 2026 |title=Ibinunyag ni Alex Eala ang mga kaibigan na kanyang nakilala sa kanyang batang karera sa WTA |url=https://www.spin.ph/tennis/alex-eala-bares-friends-she-has-made-in-her-young-wta-career-a6035-20260309 |access-date=9 Marso 2026 |website=Spin.ph |language=tl}}</ref> ==Karera== ===Junior na Taon=== Nagtagumpay si Eala sa junior circuit, kabilang ang kanyang mga panalo sa singles sa [[:en:2022_US_Open_–_Girls'_singles|US Open]] at mga titulo sa doubles sa [[:en:2020_Australian_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|Australian Open]] at [[:en:2021_French_Open_–_Girls'_doubles|French Open]].<ref name=":63" /> === Propesyonal === ==== ITF tour ==== Mula sa kanyang mga junior na karera, lumipat si Eala sa [[:en:ITF_Women's_World_Tennis_Tour|ITF circuit]], kung saan unti-unti niyang pinagtibay ang kanyang rekord. Mula 2021 hanggang 2024, nakamit niya ang anim na titulo sa singles, kabilang ang torneo na [[:en:2024_Open_Araba_en_Femenino_–_Singles|W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz]]. Sa doubles, nagwagi siya ng tatlong titulo noong 2024, kasama sina [[:en:Darja_Semeņistaja|Darja Semeņistaja]] at [[:en:Estelle_Cascino|Estelle Cascino]].<ref name=":63" /> ====WTA Tour==== Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa [[:en:WTA_Tour|WTA Tour]] noong 2021 sa kanyang unang pagsabak sa [[:en:2021_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], kung saan nabigo siyang makalusot sa qualifying. Lumahok din siya sa [[:en:2021_Winners_Open_–_Singles|Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca)]], ngunit natigil sa ikalawang yugto.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2022, muling naglaro si Eala sa [[:en:2022_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] ngunit natanggal sa unang yugto. Sinubukan din niyang makapasok sa [[:en:2022_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], subalit nabigo siya sa qualifying.<ref name=":63" /> Pagsapit ng 2023, sumabak siya sa [[:en:2023_Thailand_Open_–_Singles|Thailand Open (Hua Hin)]], [[:en:2023_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2023_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2023_Japan_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Japan Women’s Open (Osaka)]], [[:en:2023_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], at [[:en:2023_Jasmin_Open_–_Singles|Jasmin Open (Monastir, Tunisia)]], ngunit hindi siya nakalusot sa unang yugto ng mga nasabing torneo.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2024_Veneto_Open_–_Singles|Veneto Open (Italy)]] bago mapatigil ni [[:en:Sara_Errani|Sara Errani]]. Gayunman, karamihan sa kanyang kampanya ay nauwi sa maagang pagkatanggal sa mga torneo tulad ng [[:en:2024_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]], [[:en:2024_Mutua_Madrid_Open_–_Women's_singles|Madrid Open]], [[:en:2024_Wuhan_Open_–_Singles|Wuhan Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], [[:en:2024_Guadalajara_Open_Akron_–_Singles|Guadalajara Akron Open]], [[:en:2024_Ningbo_Open_–_Singles|Ningbo Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Jiangxi_Open_–_Singles|Jiangxi Open (Jiujiang, China)]], [[:en:2024_Guangzhou_Open_–_Singles|Guangzhou Open (China)]], [[:en:2024_Nottingham_Open_–_Women's_singles|Nottingham Open]], [[:en:2024_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra International]], [[:en:2024_Polish_Open_–_Singles|Polish Open (Warsaw)]], at [[:en:2024_Makarska_International_Championships_–_Singles|Makarska Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, nakarating siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]] bago mapigilan ni [[:en:Jessica_Pegula|Jessica Pegula]]. Sa damuhan, umabot siya sa final ng [[:en:2025_Eastbourne_Open_–_Women's_singles|Eastbourne Open]] at nagtapos bilang runner-up kay [[:en:Maya_Joint|Maya Joint]]. Nakamit din niya ang kanyang unang titulo sa Challenger/125 level sa [[:en:2025_Guadalajara_125_Open_–_Singles|Guadalajara 125 Open]], at umabot sa semifinals ng [[:en:2025_Canberra_Tennis_International_–_Women's_singles|Canberra Open]], [[:en:2025_Jingshan_Tennis_Open_–_Women's_singles|Jingshan Open (China)]], at [[:en:2025_Suzhou_WTA_125_–_Singles|Suzhou Open]]. Gayunpaman, hindi siya nagtagumpay sa [[:en:2025_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]], [[:en:2025_National_Bank_Open_–_Women's_singles|Canadian Open]], at [[:en:2025_Hong_Kong_Tennis_Open_–_Singles|Hong Kong Open]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nakapasok siya sa semifinals ng [[:en:2026_ASB_Classic_–_Women's_singles|ASB Classic (Auckland)]] at [[:en:2026_Abu_Dhabi_Open_–_Singles|Abu Dhabi Open]], at umabot din sa quarterfinals ng [[:en:2026_Philippine_Women's_Open_–_Singles|Philippines Women’s Open]] at [[:en:2026_Dubai_Tennis_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Dubai Tennis Championships]]. Nakarating siya sa ika-apat na yugto ng [[:en:2026_BNP_Paribas_Open_–_Women's_singles|Indian Wells Open]] at [[:en:2026_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|Miami Open]]. Sa luwad, umabot siya sa ikatlong yugto ng [[:en:2026_Italian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Italian Open]] bago natalo kay [[:en:Elena_Rybakina|Elena Rybakina]], ngunit nabigo sa unang yugto ng [[:en:2026_Qatar_TotalEnergies_Open_–_Singles|Qatar Open]], [[:en:2026_Porsche_Tennis_Grand_Prix_–_Singles|Stuttgart Open]], at [[:en:2026_Internationaux_de_Strasbourg_–_Singles|Strasbourg International]].<ref name=":63" /> === Grand Slam === Nagsimula ang paglahok ni Eala sa mga torneo ng Grand Slam noong 2023 sa kanyang unang mga pagsubok sa qualifying, kabilang ang laban niya kay [[:en:Misaki_Doi|Misaki Doi]] sa opening round ng [[:en:2023_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2024, umabot siya sa final qualifying round sa lahat ng apat na major—[[:en:2024_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open]], [[:en:2024_French_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|French Open]], [[:en:2024_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Wimbledon]], at [[:en:2024_US_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|US Open]]—ngunit hindi pa rin siya nakapasok sa main draw.<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2025, muling sumabak si Eala sa [[:en:2025_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles_qualifying|Australian Open qualifying]] ngunit natanggal. Gayunman, nakapasok siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2025_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|French Open]] at [[:en:2025_Wimbledon_Championships_–_Women's_singles|Wimbledon]], kung saan kapwa siya natalo sa unang yugto. Sa [[:en:2025_US_Open_–_Women's_singles|US Open]], umabot siya sa ikalawang round bago magpaubaya kay [[:en:Cristina_Bucșa|Cristina Bucșa]].<ref name=":63" /> Noong 2026, nag-debut siya sa main draw ng [[:en:2026_Australian_Open_–_Women's_singles|Australian Open]] ngunit natalo sa unang round kay [[:en:Alycia_Parks|Alycia Parks]]. Sa [[:en:2026_French_Open_–_Women's_singles|Roland Garros]], natigil din ang kanyang kampanya sa opening round matapos matalo kay [[:en:Iva_Jovic|Iva Jovic]].<ref name=":63" /> <!-- ===Eala's Matches=== ---> == Mga laro ni Eala == === Juniors === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Singles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || R2 || R3 || A || A |- | French Open || A || SF || A || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || A || W |} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" |+ Doubles ! Tournament !! 2019 !! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 |- | Australian Open || A || W || A || A |- | French Open || A || A || W || A |- | Wimbledon || A || A || R2 || A |- | US Open || A || A || SF || – |} === ITF Women's World Tour === ==== ITF Titles ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Tournament !! Category !! Event !! Partner |- | 2021 || W15 Manacor || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2022 || W25 Chiang Rai || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Yecla || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2023 || W25 Roehampton || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Singles || – |- | 2024 || W50 Pune || ITF || Doubles || Darja Semeņistaja |- | 2024 || W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |- | 2024 || W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || ITF || Doubles || Estelle Cascino |} ===== ITF Singles ===== ''' 2020 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 2 || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anna Zarycka || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Las Palmas de Gran Canaria || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Lara Salden || 0–6, 6–2, 2–6 |- | Melilla || W15 || Clay || First Round || Anastasia Charaeva || 3–6, 3–6 |- | Monastir 9 || W15 || Hard || Second Round || Nina Stadler || 6–4, 6–7, 5–7 |} ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W15 Manacor || W15 || Hard || Final (Title) || Yvonne Cavalle-Reimers || 5–7, 6–1, 6–2 |- | W15 Manacor 2 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ylena In-Albon || 0–6, 3–6 |- | W15 Manacor 3 || W15 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Oksana Selekhmeteva || 2–6, 3–6 |- | W25 Grenoble || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Maja Chwalińska || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Manacor 4 || W25 || Hard || Second Round || Jana Fett || 6–4, 3–6, 5–7 |- | W15 Manacor 5 || W15 || Hard || First Round || Simona Waltert || 4–6, 6–2, 5–7 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || Second Round || Simona Waltert || 5–7, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Second Round || Irene Burillo Escorihuela || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Madrid 2 || W25 || Hard || First Round || Andrea Lázaro García || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Milovice || W25 || Hard || First Round || Daria Astakhova || 2–6, 2–6 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Chiang Rai || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Luksika Kumkhum || 6–4, 6–2 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Erika Sema || 3–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Robbe || 6–7(3), 3–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Final || Marina Bassols Ribera || 4–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W60 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessika Ponchet || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W25 El Espinar || W25 || Hard || Semifinals || Eva Guerrero Alvarez || 2–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | W100 Grodzisk Mazowiecki || W100 || Hard || First Round || Katharina Hobgarski || 4–6, 3–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Katarzyna Kawa || 6–2, 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Rancho Santa Fe || W80 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Marcela Zacarías || 2–6, 5–7 |- | W60 Hamburg || W60 || Hard || Second Round || Ysaline Bonaventure || 4–6, 0–6 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Semifinals || Ysaline Bonaventure || 1–6, 6–3, 3–6 |- | W100 Shrewsbury || W100 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Maia Lumsden || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W25 Yecla || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Valentina Ryser || 6–3, 7–5 |- | W25 Roehampton || W25 || Hard || Final (Title) || Arina Rodionova || 6–2, 6–3 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || Final || Destanee Aiava || 6–3, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || Final || Océane Dodin || 1–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Final (Title) || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || 6–4, 6–4 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 6–4, 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Takasaki || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Mananchaya Sawangkaew || 6–4, 1–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Cary || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Renata Zarazúa || 6–3, 4–6, 3–6 |- | W100 Landisville || W100 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Olivia Gadecki || 1–6, 6–0, 3–6 |- | W75 Porto || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anna Bondar || 4–6, 7–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Trnava 1 || W75 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Anastasia Gureva || 2–6, 6–3, 6–7 |- | W75 Trnava 2 || W75 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Martincová || 6–3, 4–6, 6–7 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Second Round || Mona Barthel || 6–4, 4–6, 1–6 |- | W75 Zagreb || W75 || Clay || First Round || Tena Lukas || 5–7, 6–3, 4–6 |- | W60 Bellinzona || W60 || Clay || First Round || Selena Janicijevic || 3–6, 1–6 |- | W50 Indore || W50 || Hard || Semifinals || Polina Kudermetova || 4–6, 7–6, 2–6 |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Darja Semenistaja || 6–7, 0–6 |} ===== ITF Doubles ===== ''' 2021 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Madrid || W25 || Hard || Victoria Jiménez Kasintseva || Quarterfinals || Olivia Tjandramulia / Ashley Lahey || 5–7, 6–4, 6–10 |- | W25 Platja d’Aro || W25 || Clay || Oksana Selekhmeteva || Final || Justina Mikulskytė / Oana Simion || 3–6, 5–7 |} ''' 2022 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W25 Manacor || W25 || Hard || Elsa Jacquemot || Quarterfinals || Olga Parres Azcoitia / Aurora Zantedeschi || 6–2, 4–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Macon || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Audrey Albie / Aubane Droguet || 4–6, 2–6 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 1 || W25 || Hard || Indy De Vroome || First Round || Patcharin Cheapchandej / Punnin Kovapitukted || 6–4, 5–7, 6–10 |- | W25 Chiang Rai 2 || W25 || Hard || Kyōka Okamura || Quarterfinals || Pimrada Jattavapornvanit / Gozal Ainitdinova || 6–4, 7–6(4), 2–6 |- | W25 Madrid 1 || W25 || Hard || Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro || Quarterfinals || Olga Helmi / Adithya Karunaratne || 0–6, 4–6 |- | W60 Madrid 2 || W60 || Hard || Liang En-shuo || Quarterfinals || Tímea Babos / Valeria Savinykh || 2–6, 4–6 |- | W25 Palma del Río || W25 || Clay || Marina Bassols Ribera || Semifinals || Valeria Savinykh / Fanny Stollár || 2–6, 0–6 |- | W25 Corroios-Seixal || W25 || Hard || Lizette Cabrera || Quarterfinals || Justina Mikulskytė / Hong Yi Cody Wong || 5–7, 4–6 |- | W60 Templeton || W60 || Hard || Annaëlle Robbe || Second Round || Madison Brengle || 6–3, 6–7, 6–10 |- | W80 Poitiers || W80 || Hard || Petra Marcinko || Quarterfinals || Miriam Skoch / Markéta Vondroušová || 5–7, 2–6 |} ''' 2023 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W60 Trnava 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 4–6, 1–6 |- | W60 Chiasso || W60 || Clay || — || First Round || Beatrice Gumulya / Anna Sisková || 3–6, 6–4, 11–13 |- | W25 Zaragoza || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Alana Parnaby / Victoria Rodríguez || 6–4, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 5–7, 6–1, 9–11 |- | W60 Barcelona || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Estelle Cascino / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–4, 3–6, 3–10 |- | W25 Roehampton 2 || W25 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Talia Gibson / Petra Hule || 1–6, 5–7 |- | W25 Aldershot || W25 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Erina Hayashi / Saki Imamura || 4–6, 4–6 |- | W100 Tokyo 2 || W100 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Alicia Barnett / Olivia Nicholls || 0–6, 7–5, 6–10 |- | W60 Glasgow 2 || W60 || Hard || — || Quarterfinals || Freya Christie / Olivia Gadecki || — |- | W60 Nantes || W60 || Hard || — || First Round || Ekaterina Maklakova / Ekaterina Reyngold || 6–1, 3–6, 6–10 |- | W40 Petange || W40 || Hard || — || Semifinals || Danielle Collins / Isabelle Haverlag || 2–6, 4–7 |} ''' 2024 ''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | W50 Pune || W50 || Hard || Darja Semeņistaja || Final (Title) || Naiktha Bains / Fanny Stollár || 7–6(8), 6–3 |- | W75 Croissy-Beaubourg || W75 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Maia Lumsden / Jessika Ponchet || 7–5, 7–6(4) |- | W100 Vitoria-Gasteiz || W100 || Hard || Estelle Cascino || Final (Title) || Lia Karatancheva / Diāna Marcinkēviča || 6–3, 2–6, 10–4 |- | W75 Porto 3 || W75 || Hard || Alicia Barnett || Quarterfinals || Anna-Lena Friedsam / Aliccia Barnett || 3–6, 4–6 |- | W75 Trnava || W75 || Hard || Zeynep Sönmez || Semifinals || Lulu Sun / Moyuka Uchijima || 2–6, 2–6 |- | W100 Dubai || W100 || Hard || Valentini Grammatikopoulou || Quarterfinals || Isabelle Haverlag / Erika Pridankina || 7–5, 4–6, 3–10 |} === WTA and WTA 125 tournaments === ==== 2021 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Court !! Category !! Opponent !! Round !! Score |- | Miami Open || Hard || WTA 1000 || Viktória Hrunčáková || Qualifying 1 || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Romanian Open (Cluj-Napoca) || Clay || WTA 250 || Mayar Sherif || Second Round || 2–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2022 ==== {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Category !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Madison Brengle || 2–6, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Qualifying 1 || Anna Bondár || 0–6, 0–6 |} ==== 2023 ==== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Misaki Doi || 6–4, 1–6, 3–6 |- | Thailand Open (Hua Hin) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Irina-Camelia Begu || 2–6, 5–7 |- | Mutua Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Tatjana Maria || 1–6, 1–6 |- | Japan Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Himari Sakatsume (Q) || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tatjana Maria (3) || 3–6, 0–6 |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Elise Mertens (2) || 5–7, 0–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Jasmin Open (Monastir) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Cristina Bucșa / Bibiane Schoofs || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2024 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Rebecca Peterson (18) || 2–6, 5–7 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Qualifying 3 || Julia Riera (2) || 6–4, 6–7, 4–6 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Qualifying 3 || Lulu Sun (23) || 6–7, 5–7 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 3 || Elena-Gabriela Ruse (20) || 6–3, 1–6, 4–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Emiliana Arango || 6–2, 5–7, 1–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Sorana Cîrstea (27) || 3–6, 7–6, 4–6 |- | Wuhan Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Kateřina Siniaková || 3–6, 1–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Magda Linette || 6–7, 1–6 |- | Guadalajara Open || WTA 500 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (6) || 2–6, 2–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Priscilla Hon || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Jiangxi Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Marie Bouzková (1) || 5–7, 6–7 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Bernarda Pera || 0–6, 3–6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Qualifying 2 || Ena Shibahara || 7–6, 0–6, 2–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Céline Naef (5) || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Tatjana Maria (4) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Polish Open (Warsaw) || WTA 125 || Hard || First Round || Isabella Shinikova || 2–6, 4–6 |- | Veneto Open (Gaiba) || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Sara Errani (4) || 0–6, 6–7 |- | Makarska Open || WTA 125 || Clay || First Round || Maria Timofeeva (Q) || 6–1, 3–6, 2–6 |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;" ! Tournament !! Level !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Laura Pigossi || Semifinals || Kaylah McP / Astra Sharma || 6–7(1), 3–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Taylah Preston || First Round || Valeria Lepchenko / Anna Falei || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Polish Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Daniela Semenistaja || Quarterfinals || Weronika Falkowska / Martyna Kubka || 4–6, 5–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Kimberly Birrell || Quarterfinals || Katarzyna Piter / Fanny Stollar || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Ningbo Open || WTA 500 || Hard || En Shuo Liang || Quarterfinals || Giuliana Olmos / Alexandra Panova || 1–6, 2–6 |} ==== 2025 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Jana Fett (133) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Singapore Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Qualifying 2 || Simona Waltert (179) || 3–6, 2–6 |- | Miami Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Semifinals || Jessica Pegula (4) || 6–7, 7–5, 3–6 |- | Madrid Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Second Round || Iga Świątek (2) || 6–4, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || First Round || Marta Kostyuk (27) || 0–6, 1–6 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || First Round || Emiliana Arango (85) || 0–6, 6–2, 3–6 |- |Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová || 5-7, 7-6(5), 1-6 |- | Nottingham Open || WTA 250 || Grass || First Round || Magda Linette (31) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | Eastbourne Open || WTA 250 || Grass || Finals (RunnerUp) || Maya Joint || 4–6, 6–1, 6–7 (10–12) |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || First Round || Barbora Krejčíková (16) || 6–3, 2–6, 1–6 |- | National Bank Open (Montreal) || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round || Markéta Vondroušová (63) || 6–3, 1–6, 2–6 |- | US Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Second Round || Cristina Bucșa (95) || 4–6, 3–6 |- | São Paulo Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Janice Tjen (130) || 4–6, 1–6 |- | China Open (Wuhan) || WTA 1000 || Hard || Qualifying 1 || Moyuka Uchijima (91) || 4–6, 6–3, 2–6 |- | Japan Women's Open (Osaka) || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Tereza Valentová (78) || 1–6, 2–6 |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || First Round || Claire Liu (305) || 6–2, 4–6, 4–6 |- | Hong Kong Tennis Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Second Round || Victoria Mboko (21) || 6–3, 3–6, 4–6 |- | Canberra International || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Shuai Wei (134) || 5–7, 2–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Second Round || Mai Hontama (166) || 6–7, 2–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Second Round || Panna Udvardy (137) || 6–7, 4–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || First Round || Linda Fruhvirtová (152) || 5–7, 7–6, 1–6 |- | Ilkley Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Quarterfinals || Rebecca Marino (107) || 6–1, 0–6, 6–7 |- | Guadalajara 125 Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Champion || Panna Udvardy (134) || 1–6, 7–5, 6–3 |- | Jingshan Tennis Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Semifinals || Lulu Sun (146) || 6–3, 4–6, 2–6 |- | Suzhou Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Viktorija Golubic (70) || 6–2, 2–6, 6–7 |} '''Withdrawals''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Reason |- | Cincinnati Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || Shoulder injury |- | Monterrey Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Shoulder injury |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! Tournament !! Tier !! Surface !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Guangzhou Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Nadiia Kichenok || Semifinals || Katarzyna Piter / Janice Tjen || 7–6(4), 3–6, 5–10 |- | Italian Open || WTA 1000 || Clay || Coco Gauff || Quarterfinals || Jasmine Paolini / Sara Errani || 5–7, 6–3, 7–10 |- | French Open || Grand Slam || Clay || Renata Zarazúa || Second Round || Olga Danilović / Anastasia Potapova || 1–6, 3–6 |- | Hong Kong Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Chan Hao‑ching || First Round || Kamilla Rakhimova / Aliaksandra Sasnovich || 6–3, 1–6, 7–10 |- | Wimbledon || Grand Slam || Grass || Eva Lys || First Round || Ingrid Gamarra Martins / Quinn Gleason || 4–6, 2–6 |- | Birmingham Open || WTA 125 || Grass || Rebeka Masarova || First Round || Storm Hunter / Ellen Perez || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Mumbai Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Tsao Chia‑yi || First Round || Amina Anshba / Elena Pridankina || 4–6, 4–6 |- | Oeiras Ladies Open || WTA 125 || Clay || Katie Volynets || First Round || Carmen Corley / Olivia Gadecki || 3–6, 4–6 |} ==== 2026 ==== '''Singles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Round !! Opponent !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Semifinals || Wang Xinyu || 7–5, 5–7, 6–4 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || First Round || Alycia Parks || 6–0, 3–6, 2–6 |- | Philippines Womens Open || WTA 125 || Hard || Quarterfinals|| Camila Osorio || 4-6, 4-6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Quarterfinals || Ekaterina Alexandrova|| 3-6, 3-6 |- | Qatar Open || WTA 1000 || Hard || First Round|| Tereza Valentová|| 6-7 (6), 1-6 |- |Dubai Tennis Championships |WTA 1000 |Hard |Quarterfinals |Coco Gauff |0-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Linda Noskova |2-6, 0-6 |- |Miami Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Fourth Round |Karolína Muchová |0-6,2-6 |- |Linz Open |WTA 500 |Clay |Second Round |Jelena Ostapenko |4-6, 5-7 |- |Stuttgart Open |WTA 500 |Clay | First Round | Leylah Fernandez | 1-6, 4-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Second Round |Elise Mertens |2-6, 1-6 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Third Round |Elena Rybakina |4-6, 3-6 |- |Strasbourg International |WTA 500 |Clay |First Round |Oleksandra Oliynykova |6-3, 5-7, 3-6 |- |French Open |Grand Slam |Clay |First Round |Iva Jovic |4-6, 2-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Second Round |Alina Charaeva | |- |HSBC Championships |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Berlin Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Bad Homburg Open |WTA 500 |Grass | | | |- |Wimbledon |Grand Slam |Grass | | | |} '''Doubles''' {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%" ! Tournament !! Level !! Court !! Partner !! Round !! Opponents !! Score |- | Auckland Open || WTA 250 || Hard || Iva Jovic || Semifinals || Xu Yifan / Yang Zhaoxuan || 5–7, 3–6 |- | Australian Open || Grand Slam || Hard || Ingrid Martins || First Round || Shuko Aoyama / Magda Linette || 6–7(3), 6–2, 3–6 |- | Abu Dhabi Open || WTA 500 || Hard || Janice Tjen|| Semifinals|| Tereza Mihalíková / Olivia Nicholls|| 4-6, 2-6 |- |Indian Wells Open |WTA 1000 |Hard |Iva Jovic |First Round |Hailey Baptiste / Jelena Ostapenko |2-6, 2-6 |- |Madrid Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Zeynep Sönmez |Second Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |1-6, 5-7 |- |Italian Open |WTA 1000 |Clay |Hailey Baptiste |First Round |Taylor Townsend / Katerina Siniakova |2-6, 1-6 |- |Birmingham Open |WTA 125 |Grass |Nikola Bartůňková |First Round |Harriet Dart / Maia Lumsden |4-6, 6-2, 9-11 |- |} == Taunang ranggo ng WTA == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |+ ! Taon !! Isahan !! Dalawahan |- | 2021 || 529 || 780 |- | 2022 || 219 || 594 |- | 2023 || 205 || 436 |- | 2024 || 158 || 239 |- | 2025 || 50 || 161 |} Pinagmulan: Opisyal na Profile ni Alex Eala sa WTA<ref name=":63" /> == Estilo ng Paglalaro == Si Eala ay isang agresibong baseliner na gumagamit ng forehand at matatag na backhand upang kontrolin ang rally. Bilang kaliwete, nakalilikha siya ng mabigat na topspin at kilala sa mahusay na return game. Ang kanyang pangunahing kahinaan ay ang serve, na kulang sa bilis at variety, kahit mas epektibo siya sa hard courts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Caramoan |first=Miguel Alfonso |date=January 19, 2026 |title=What’s next for Alex Eala after 2026 Australian Open first-round exit? |url=https://www.espn.ph/tennis/story/_/id/47658308/what-next-alex-eala-2026-australian-open-first-round-exit |website=ESPN |language=en|access-date=January 24, 2026}}</ref> Nakamit na niya ang semifinals ng WTA 1000 at tinalo ang tatlong major champions sa [[:en:2025_Miami_Open_–_Women's_singles|2025 Miami Open]].<ref name=":Gulf">{{Cite web |title=What Alexandra Eala Needs to Win Titles and Beat Top Players |url=https://gulfnews.com/sport/tennis/what-alexandra-eala-needs-to-win-titles-and-beat-top-players-1.500440043 |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Gulf News}}</ref> Ayon sa mga analyst, kailangan niyang palakasin ang serve, dagdagan ang variety, at patatagin ang kondisyon upang makipagsabayan sa pinakamalalaking titulo.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2026 |title=Alex Eala told where she can improve: Martina Navratilova offers advice |url=https://www.tennis365.com/tennis-news/alex-eala-told-where-she-can-improve-martina-navratilova-offers-advice |access-date=March 11, 2026 |website=Tennis365 |language=en}}</ref> === Pagganap ni Eala Laban sa mga Top 20 na Manlalaro === {| class="wikitable" ! Kategorya !! Estadistika |- | Aces || 21 |- | Double Faults || 77 |- | First Serve % || 64.9% |- | First Serve Points Won || 60.9% |- | Second Serve Points Won || 47.2% |- | Break Points Saved || 52.7% |- | Service Points Won || 56.1% |- | Service Games Won || 64.1% |- | Return Points Won || 44.2% |- | 1st Return Points Won || 36.7% |- | 2nd Return Points Won || 56.4% |- | Break Points Converted || 42.5% |- | Return Games Won || 35.5% |- | Dominance Ratio (DR) || 0.79 |} Ang serve ni Eala ay gumagana ngunit hindi nakakapangibabaw. Ang mataas na bilang ng double fault at katamtamang tagumpay sa first serve ay pumipigil sa kanya na kontrolin ang laro. Gayunpaman, ang kanyang return game ay malinaw na lakas—lalo na laban sa second serves kung saan nananalo siya ng higit sa kalahati ng mga puntos. Sa dominance ratio na 0.79, mas mababa siya sa antas ng elite ngunit ipinapakita na kaya niyang makipagsabayan sa mas mataas na ranggo. Ang pagpapabuti sa pagiging maaasahan ng serve ang maaaring maging susi upang mapalapit siya sa Top 10.<ref name=":2" /> '''Mahahalagang Laban''' {| class="wikitable" ! Petsa !! Torneo !! Kalaban !! Ranggo !! Resulta |- | Mar 2025 || Miami QF || Iga Świątek || #2 || '''Panalo 6–2, 7–5''' |- | Mar 2025 || Miami R32 || Madison Keys || #5 || '''Panalo 6–4, 6–3''' |- | Mar 2025 || Miami SF || Jessica Pegula || #4 || Talo 6–7, 7–5, 3–6 |- | May 2025 || Madrid R32 || Iga Świątek || #1 || Talo 3–6, 2–6 |- | Aug 2025 || US Open R128 || Clara Tauson || #14 || '''Panalo 6–3, 2–6, 7–6(11)''' |- | Jul 2025 || Wimbledon R64 || Barbora Krejčíková || #16 || Talo 4–6, 2–6 |- | Feb 2026 || Dubai R32 || Jasmine Paolini || #6 || '''Panalo 6–1, 7–6(5)''' |- | Feb 2026 || Dubai QF || Coco Gauff || #3 || Talo 0–6, 2–6 |} May apat na malinaw na panalo si Eala laban sa mga Top 20 na kalaban, laban sa pitong pagkatalo (hindi binilang ang dalawang laro na napanalo dahil sa pagretiro ng kalaban) . Ang straight‑set na tagumpay niya laban kay Świątek sa Miami 2025 ang nananatiling pinakamahalagang breakthrough, habang ang mga panalo laban kina Keys, Tauson, at Paolini ay nagpapatunay na kaya niyang umangat sa mahihirap na laban. Ang mga pagkatalo kina Pegula, Gauff, at Krejčíková ay nagpapakita ng inconsistency na kailangan pa niyang lampasan. Sa edad na 21, napatunayan na niyang kaya niyang talunin ang pinakamagagaling. Ang hamon ngayon ay kung paano mapapanatili ang antas na iyon sa iba’t ibang torneo. Sa pagpapabuti ng kanyang serve, may pundasyon na siya upang maging regular na Grand Slam contender.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Tennis Abstract: Alexandra Eala vs. Top 20 Players |url=https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=ACareerqqITop_20qqv1 |access-date=June 2, 2026 |website=Tennis Abstract}}</ref> == Ibang larangan == === Pambansang koponan === Kinatawan ni Eala ang [[Pilipinas]] sa mga internasyonal na torneo. Nagwagi siya ng mga medalya sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2021_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2021]] (pilak sa singles, team, at mixed doubles) at sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2022_Asian_Games|Asian Games 2022]] (pilak sa singles at mixed doubles).<ref name=":7">{{cite news |last1=Carandang |first1=Justin Kenneth |date=May 20, 2022 |title=Tennis ace Alex Eala settles for bronze in women's singles |work=[[GMA News]] |url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/sports/othersports/832339/tennis-ace-alex-eala-settles-for-bronze-in-women-s-singles/story/ |url-status=live |access-date=March 25, 2025}}</ref><ref name=":8">{{cite news |last=Payo |first=Jasmine |date=September 29, 2023 |title=Alex Eala bags 2nd Asian Games bronze with Alcantara in doubles |language=en-US |work=[[Rappler]] |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/tennis-semifinal-results-mixed-doubles-alex-eala-francis-casey-alcantara-asian-games-september-29-2023/ |url-status=live |access-date=September 10, 2025}}</ref> Noong 2024, pinangunahan niya ang koponan sa 5–0 panalo sa Group II ng Billie Jean King Cup qualifiers, na nag-angat sa Pilipinas sa Group I.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Morales |first=Luisa |date=December 2, 2024 |title=Alex Eala relishes leading Team Philippines to BJK Cup promotion in Bahrain |url=https://onesports.ph/more-sports/article/26898/alex-eala-relishes-leading-team-philippines-to-bjk-cup-promotion-in-bahrain |url-status=live |access-date=October 13, 2025 |website=One Sports |language=en}}</ref> Sa [[:en:Tennis_at_the_2025_SEA_Games|SEA Games 2025]], nakamit niya ang ginto sa women's singles at tanso sa mixed doubles at team events.<ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Agcaoili |first=Lance |date=December 18, 2025 |title=Alex Eala wins SEA Games tennis gold, ends long drought for PH|url=https://sports.inquirer.net/655069/alex-eala-wins-sea-games-tennis-gold-ends-long-drought-for-ph |access-date=December 18, 2025 |website=INQUIRER.net |language=en}}</ref> ===Mga Eksibisyon na Laro=== ====Singles: 1 (titles)==== {|class="wikitable" !Resulta !{{ns}}Petsa{{ns}} !Torneo !Uri ng Korte !Kalaban !Iskor |- |Panalo | Enero 2026 |[[:en:Kooyong_Classic|Kooyong Classic]], Melbourne, Australia |Matigas na Korte |[[:en:Donna Vekić|Donna Vekić]] |6–3, 6–4 |} === Mga sponsorship === Simula pagkabata, sinuportahan si Eala ng [[:en:Globe_Telecom|Globe Telecom]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=July 25, 2025 |title=Alex Eala Opens Up About Life |url=https://www.globe.com.ph/about-us/newsroom/corporate/alex-eala-meet-and-greet}}</ref> at kalaunan ay nagkaroon ng mga endorsement mula sa [[:en:Babolat|Babolat]], [[:en:Nike,_Inc.|Nike]], at [[:en:Bank_of_the_Philippine_Islands|BPI]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Champ’s choice: Alex Eala signs up as BPI’s newest endorser|url=https://bilyonaryo.com/2023/01/25/champs-choice-alex-eala-signs-up-as-bpis-newest-endorser/money/}}</ref> bago naging brand ambassador ng [[:en:Milo_(drink)|Milo]] noong 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 23, 2026 |title=MILO Active Pilipinas launched with Eala as new ambassador |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/milo-active-pilipinas-launched-with-eala-as-new-ambassador.html}}</ref> === Mga parangal === Walong beses nang kinilala si Eala ng [[:en:Philippine_Sportswriters_Association|Philippine Sportswriters Association]] sa [[:en:PSA_Annual_Awards|PSA Annual Awards]], kabilang ang paggawad sa kanya bilang ''Athlete of the Year'' noong 2026.<ref>Citations for Eala's PSA Annual Awards: *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 25, 2019 |title=Top PH athletes share limelight in PSA Awards 2019 |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/sports/224351-philippine-athletes-sportswriters-association-awards-2019/ |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Gionco |first=Mark |date=February 29, 2020 |title=PH tennis rising star Alex Eala to be feted at PSA Awards |url=https://sports.inquirer.net/387640/ph-tennis-rising-star-alex-eala-to-be-feted-at-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=March 12, 2021 |title=PSA to honor tennis star Eala, boxing champs Casimero, Taduran |work=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/3/12/psa-to-honor-tennis-star-eala-boxing-champs-casimero-taduran |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 27, 2022 |title=Scribes fete world-class PH boxers |language=en |website=Manila Bulletin |url=https://mb.com.ph/2022/02/27/scribes-fete-world-class-ph-boxers/ |url-status=live |access-date=October 12, 2025 |archive-url= |archive-date=}} *{{Cite news |date=February 12, 2023 |title=PSA Awards: Young Alex Eala to be recognized with President's Award |language=en-US |website=Tiebreaker Times |url=https://tiebreakertimes.com.ph/tbt/psa-awards-young-alex-eala-to-be-recognized-with-presidents-award/261823 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=February 10, 2023 |title=Eala recipient of PSA Prexy Awards |work=The Philippine Star |url=https://www.philstar.com/sports/2023/02/10/2243942/eala-recipient-psa-prexy-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=January 24, 2024 |title=Alex Eala, Tots Carlos to be recognized in PSA Awards |website=ABS-CBN News |url=https://www.abs-cbn.com/sports/01/15/24/alex-eala-tots-carlos-to-be-recognized-in-psa-awards |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Malanum |first=Jean |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala tops PSA achievers for September |language=en |website=Philippine News Agency |url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1260619 |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |date=October 9, 2025 |title=Eala leads PSA's September honorees |language=en |website=SunStar Publishing Inc. |url=https://www.sunstar.com.ph/davao/sports/eala-leads-psas-september-honorees |access-date=October 12, 2025}} *{{Cite news |last=Dioquino |first=Delfin |date=February 17, 2026 |title=Alex Eala hails PSA Athlete of the Year award a proof of PH tennis' rise |language=en-US |website=Rappler |url=https://www.rappler.com/people/athletes/alex-eala-hails-athlete-of-year-award-proof-tennis-rise-philippines/ |access-date=February 17, 2026}}</ref> Noong 2021, isinama siya ng [[:en:Tatler_Asia|''Tatler Asia'']] sa talaan ng mga pinaka-maimpluwensiyang personalidad sa Asya.<ref>{{cite news |title=Asia's Most Influential Philippines 2021 |url=https://www.tatlerasia.com/list/ami/ph?page=3&industry=all&region=ph&year=2021}}</ref> Noong Abril 2025, ginawaran si Eala ng ''Premios Tanglaw'' ng [[:en:Embassy_of_the_Philippines|Embahada ng Pilipinas]] sa Madrid bilang pagkilala sa kanyang ambag sa [[:en:Philippines–Spain_relations|ugnayan ng Pilipinas at Espanya]].<ref>{{cite news |date=April 2025 |title=Premios Tanglaw honoring Alex Eala |url=https://manilastandard.net/sports/314707229/premios-tanglaw-eala}}</ref> Noong 2026, kinilala siya ng Forbes Asia bilang isa sa kanilang [[:en:Forbes_30_Under_30|30 Under 30]] sa kategoryang Libangan at Isports, dahil sa kanyang papel sa pag-angat ng Pilipinas sa pandaigdigang tennis.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Watson |first=Rana Wehbe |date=May 27, 2026 |title=30 Under 30 Asia’s Next Icons: The Gen Z Athletes And Music Artists Rewriting The Playbook |work=Forbes Asia |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ranawehbe/2026/05/27/30-under-30-asias-next-icons-the-gen-z-athletes-and-music-artists-rewriting-the-playbook/ |access-date=May 27, 2026}}</ref> ==Mga sanggunian== {{reflist}} ==Mga panlabas na kawing== [https://www.wtatennis.com/players/330332/- Alexandra Eala Official WTA Page] [https://www.itftennis.com/en/players/alexandra-eala/800511432/phi/wt/s/overview/ Alexandra Eala Official ITF Women's World Tennis Page] [https://www.tennisabstract.com/cgi-bin/wplayer-classic.cgi?p=AlexandraEala&f=v1 Alexandra Eala's Tennis Abstract page] [[:en:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on English Wikipedia (English)]] [https://tv-philippines.fandom.com/wiki/Alex_Eala Alexandra Eala on Fandom (English)] [[:simple:Alexandra_Eala|Alexandra Eala on Simple Wikipedia]] ex6g860nga7lrjj0dac2xxaojjmz8cv 0 336332 2210211 2208678 2026-06-03T12:22:33Z Tabilay 153890 2210211 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang '''French Open''' (opisyal na tinatawag na '''Roland-Garros''') ay isang taunang na paligsahan sa [[tenis]] na ginaganap sa [[:en:Stade_Roland-Garros|Stade Roland-Garros]] sa [[Paris]], [[France]]. Nagsisimula ito tuwing huling linggo ng Mayo at tumatagal ng dalawang linggo hanggang unang bahagi ng Hunyo. Kilala ito bilang tanging [[:en:Grand_Slam|Grand Slam]] na nilalaro sa [[:en:Clay_court|luwad]], na gawa sa pinulbos na ladrilyo na nagbibigay ng mas mabagal na laro, mas mataas na talbog ng bola, at mas matinding pisikal na hamon. [[en:Grand Slam]] <!-- == Kasaysayan == === Mga Unang Taon (1891–1924) === Itinatag noong 1891 bilang [[:en:Championnat_de_France|Championnat de France]], eksklusibo para sa mga kasapi ng French tennis clubs. Ang unang kampeon ay si H. Briggs, isang Briton na nakatira sa Paris. Noong 1897, isinama ang women's singles, at sumunod ang men's doubles. Sa panahong ito, si '''''[[:en:Max_Décugis|Max Décugis]]''''' ang namayagpag, na nanalo ng walong titulo sa men's singles at labing-apat sa men's doubles bago ang [[Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig]]. === Internasyonal na Paglawak (1925–1939) === Noong 1925, binuksan ang torneo sa mga internasyonal na manlalaro. Noong 1928, itinayo ang [[:en:Stade_Roland-Garros|Stade Roland-Garros]], na ipinangalan sa aviator na si [[:en:Roland_Garros|Roland Garros]]. Dito nagsimula ang pamamayani ng tinaguriang [[:en:Four_Musketeers|Four Musketeers]] ng France: [[:en:René_Lacoste|René Lacoste]], [[:en:Henri_Cochet|Henri Cochet]], [[:en:Jean_Borotra|Jean Borotra]], at [[:en:Jacques_Brugnon|Jacques Brugnon]]. === Pagbabalik at Open Era (1946–1977) === Muling ginanap ang torneo noong 1946 matapos ang [[Ikalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig]]. Noong 1968, naging unang Grand Slam na tumanggap ng parehong mga propesyonal at amateur, na nagmarka sa simula ng [[:en:Open_Era|Open Era]]. Sa dekadang ito, lumitaw ang mga tanyag na manlalaro tulad nina [[:en:Ken_Rosewall|Ken Rosewall]], [[:en:Rod_Laver|Rod Laver]], at [[:en:Björn_Borg|Björn Borg]]. === Modernisasyon at Global na Pagtanyag (1978–kasalukuyan) === Noong 1979, pinalawak ang istadyum at nagsimula ang malawakang television coverage. Noong 2015, sinimulan ang €400 milyon na renovation, kabilang ang retractable roof sa [[:en:Court_Philippe-Chatrier|Court Philippe-Chatrier]] (natapos noong 2020) at ang pagbubukas ng [[:en:Court_Simonne-Mathieu|Court Simonne-Mathieu]] noong 2019. Noong 2025, umabot sa higit €56 milyon ang kabuuang premyo at mahigit 700,000 ang dumalo. == Venue at Clay Court == Ang [[:en:Stade_Roland-Garros|Stade Roland-Garros]] ay may lawak na 11.16 hektarya at may 20 clay courts. Ang pangunahing istadyum, [[:en:Court_Philippe-Chatrier|Court Philippe-Chatrier]], ay may kapasidad na 15,000 manonood at may bubong na naitatakip. Kasama rin ang [[:en:Court_Suzanne_Lenglen|Court Suzanne Lenglen]] (10,068 kapasidad) at [[:en:Court_Simonne-Mathieu|Court Simonne-Mathieu]] (5,000 kapasidad). == Format ng Torneo == * ''Men's at Women's Singles'': 128 manlalaro * ''Men's at Women's Doubles'': 64 koponan * ''Mixed Doubles'': hanggang 64 koponan * ''Junior Singles'': 64 manlalaro * ''Wheelchair Singles'': 8 manlalaro Ang men's singles ay best-of-five sets, habang ang women's singles at lahat ng doubles ay best-of-three. Simula 2022, ginagamit ang 10-point [[:en:Tiebreak|tiebreak]] sa huling set kapag 6–6 ang iskor. Natatangi rin ang French Open sa paggamit ng [[:en:Ball_mark_inspection|ball mark inspection]] sa clay imbes na [[:en:Electronic_line-calling|electronic line-calling]]. == Tradisyon == Ang tropeo para sa kampeon sa men's singles ay ang [[:en:Coupe_des_Mousquetaires|Coupe des Mousquetaires]]. Para sa women's singles, ang tropeo ay tinatawag na [[:en:Coupe_Suzanne_Lenglen|Coupe Suzanne Lenglen]]. --> == Mga sanggunian == {{reflist}} == Panlabas na link == * [https://www.rolandgarros.com/ Opisyal na website ng Roland-Garros] mqk6ys9eqvnttfues8g3y7p4z4k3r5x 0 336360 2210213 2208705 2026-06-03T12:24:55Z Tabilay 153890 2210213 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang '''[[:en:Wimbledon_Championships|Wimbledon Championships]]''', karaniwang tinatawag na ''Wimbledon'', ay ang pinakamatandang taunang pandaigdigang paligsahan sa tenis. Itinatag ito noong 1877 ng All England Croquet Club at ginaganap sa [[:en:All_England_Lawn_Tennis_and_Croquet_Club|All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club]] sa [[:en:Wimbledon|Wimbledon]], London. Isa ito sa apat na [[:en:Grand_Slam_(tennis)|Grand Slam]] na torneo, at natatangi dahil sa paglalaro sa [[:en:grass_courts|outdoor grass courts]] na nangangailangan ng kakaibang teknik at kagamitan kumpara sa [[:en:Clay_courts|clay]] o [[:en:Hard_court|hard]] courts. Tradisyon sa torneo ang pagsusuot ng puting kasuotan ng mga manlalaro. <!-- == Kasaysayan == === Mga Pinagmulan (1877–1900) === Noong 1877, isinagawa ang unang paligsahan sa lawn tennis upang makalikom ng pondo para sa kagamitan ng club. Si [[:en:Spencer_William_Gore|Spencer William Gore]] ang unang kampeon matapos talunin si [[:en:William_Marshall|William Marshall]] sa harap ng 200 manonood. Noong 1884, idinagdag ang ladies' singles na napanalunan ni [[:en:Maud_Watson|Maud Watson]], at noong 1885 ay sinimulan ang gentlemen's doubles. === Panahon ng Amateurs (1901–1967) === Sa unang bahagi ng ika-20 siglo, mahigpit na para lamang sa mga amateur ang Wimbledon. Dominado ng mga Briton ang torneo, gaya ni '''Arthur Gore''' na nagwagi ng tatlong titulo. Itinigil ang paligsahan noong [[Unang Digmaang Pandaigdig]] (1915–1918) at [[Pangalawang Digmaang Pandaigdig|Muling Digmaang Pandaigdig]] (1940–1945). Pagkatapos ng digmaan, lumawak ang internasyonal na partisipasyon. === Open Era (1968–1999) === Noong 1968, pinayagan na ang mga propesyonal na lumahok. Si [[:en:Rod_Laver|Rod Laver]] ang unang kampeon sa [[:en:Open_Era|Open Era]]. Sumikat ang mga manlalaro gaya nina [[:en:Björn_Borg|Björn Borg]], [[:en:John_McEnroe|John McEnroe]], at [[:en:Steffi_Graf|Steffi Graf]]. Lumago rin ang premyo at kita mula sa telebisyon. === Makabagong Panahon (2000–kasalukuyan) === Noong 2009, inilagay ang retractable roof sa [[:en:Centre_Court|Centre Court]] upang maiwasan ang pagkaantala dahil sa ulan. Noong 2025, ipinatupad ang [[:en:Electronic_line_calling|electronic line calling]] ([[:en:Hawk-Eye|Hawk-Eye]]) sa lahat ng 18 court. Sa parehong taon, nagwagi si [[:en:Jannik_Sinner|Jannik Sinner]] ng Italy sa gentlemen's singles laban kay [[:en:Carlos_Alcaraz|Carlos Alcaraz]], at si [[:en:Iga_Świątek|Iga Świątek]] ng Poland sa ladies' singles laban kay [[:en:Amanda_Anisimova|Amanda Anisimova]]. == Lugar at Imprastruktura == Matatagpuan ang club sa [[:en:Church_Road|Church Road]], [[:en:Wimbledon,_London|Wimbledon, London]] (SW19 5AE). May 18 championship [[:en:Grass_courts|grass courts]] at 14 practice courts. Ang damo ay [[:en:Perennial_ryegrass|perennial ryegrass]] na pinananatili sa taas na 8 mm tuwing torneo. Isinasagawa rin ang [[:en:Wimbledon_Park_Project|Wimbledon Park Project]] upang palawakin ang lugar, kabilang ang 38 bagong court at isang 8,000-seat show court na may bubong. == Mga Kaganapan == * ''Gentlemen's at Ladies' Singles'' – 128 manlalaro, single-elimination. * ''Doubles at Mixed Doubles'' – may 64 o 48 koponan. * Wheelchair Tennis – nagsimula noong 2005, lumawak noong 2016 at 2019. * ''Junior Championships'' – para sa mga manlalarong edad 14–18. * ''Invitation Events'' – para sa mga dating kampeon at tanyag na manlalaro. == Mga Panuntunan sa Laro == * ''Men’s singles'' – best of five sets. * ''Women’s singles at doubles'' – best of three sets. * Noong 2019, ipinatupad ang [[:en:Tennis_scoring_system|tiebreak]] sa 12–12 sa deciding set. * Noong 2022, ipinatupad ang 10-point ''super tiebreak'' sa lahat ng deciding sets. == Tradisyon at Katangian == * Mahigpit na curfew hanggang 11:00 p.m. GMT. * Mga ball persons ay kabataan mula sa lokal na paaralan. * Simula 2025, wala nang line judges; puro [[:en:Electronic_line|electronic line]] calling na gamit ang [[:en:Hawk-Eye|Hawk-Eye]]. --> == Mga sanggunian == {{reflist}} 6boqzxwo2119kr8489y527vy7c85i12 0 338235 2210274 2207874 2026-06-03T23:10:43Z InternetArchiveBot 113521 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 2210274 wikitext text/x-wiki   Ang '''Templo ng''' '''Mundeshwari Devi''' (IAST: Muṇḍeśvarī) ay isang [[templong Hindu]], na matatagpuan sa Nayon ng Ramgarh, {{Convert|608|ft}}<ref name="ASI">{{Cite web |title=Alphabetical List of Monuments – Bihar |url=http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_bihar.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103035254/http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_alphalist_bihar.asp |archive-date=2011-11-03 |access-date=2011-06-03 |website=Serial number 62 |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India}}</ref> sa Kaburulang Mundeshwari ng [[Kabundukang Kaimur|talampas ng Kaimur]] malapit sa [[Ilog Sone]], sa [[rehiyon ng Bhojpuri]] sa [[Indiya|estado]] ng [[Bihar]] sa India. Ito ay isang bantayog na protektado ng [[Arkeolohikong Pagsisiyasat ng India]] (''Archeological Survey of India'' o ASI) mula pa noong 1915.<ref name="Times">{{Cite news |date=1 January 2011 |title=BSBRT to renovate Mundeshwari temple |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/BSBRT-to-renovate-Mundeshwari-temple/articleshow/2666075.cms |url-status=live |access-date=2 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614053655/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-01-01/patna/27781342_1_mundeshwari-bsbrt-asi |archive-date=14 June 2012}}</ref> Ito ay isang sinaunang templo na pinaniniwalaang inialay sa pagsamba sa diyosa na si [[Durga]] at diyos na si [[Siva]], at inaangkin bilang ang pinakamatandang gumaganang templong Hindu sa mundo.<ref name="Info">{{Cite web |title=Ma Mundeshwari Temple in Kaimur, Bihar |url=http://www.templeshindu.com/608-ma-mundeshwari-temple-in-kaimur-,bihar-india-bihar-all-regions-of-bihar.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109050122/http://www.templeshindu.com/608-ma-mundeshwari-temple-in-kaimur-, |archive-date=9 November 2018 |access-date=2 June 2011 |publisher=Hindu Temples}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=12 June 2011 |title=Film on 'oldest' surviving temple of Gupta Age |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Film-on-oldest-surviving-temple-of-Gupta-Age/articleshow/8824932.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111105052617/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-12/patna/29649899_1_temple-site-film-ancient-structure |archive-date=5 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=18 January 2008 |title=Bihar to develop 'oldest' temple |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/Bihar-to-develop-oldest-temple/articleshow/2709943.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913042742/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-01-18/patna/27760152_1_temple-inscriptions-vaishno-devi |archive-date=13 September 2012}}</ref> Napatunayan din ng mga natuklasan na dito ay isang sentro ng relihiyon at edukasyon na nakakalat sa burol at ang templo ni Mandaleshwar ([[Siva]]) ang pangunahing dambana. Ang Mandaleshwari (Durga) ay nasa timog na bahagi. Nasira ang templo at ang idolo ni Mandaleshwari (nabulok na Mundeshwari at kalaunan ay konektado sa mitikong demonyong si Mund) ay itinago sa silangang silid ng pangunahing templo.<ref name="Neuss2003">{{Cite journal |last=Neuss |first=Jürgen |date=2003 |title=The Temple of Mundesvari: Reconsidering the Evidence |url=https://www.academia.edu/3110731 |journal=Berliner Indologische Studien |pages=531–585 |access-date=2026-05-18 |archive-date=2024-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710103939/https://www.academia.edu/3110731 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Inaangkin ng ASI at Bihar State Religious Trust Board na ang templo ay itinayo noong 108 CE, kaya ito ang pinakamatandang templong Hindu sa mundo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mundeshwari Temple: Department of Tourism, Bihar Government. |url=https://tourism.bihar.gov.in/en/destinations/kaimur/mundeshwari-devi-temple |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918163431/https://tourism.bihar.gov.in/en/destinations/kaimur/mundeshwari-devi-temple |archive-date=2021-09-18 |access-date=2021-09-18}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2015-04-27 |title=Bihar: India's 'oldest serving deity' invoked for quake protection |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/bihar-india-s-oldest-serving-deity-invoked-for-quake-protection/story-ueZArQa2gT8BOf4DiKWuEL.html |access-date=2021-09-18 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=Bihar govt to develop country's oldest temple |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/bihar-govt-to-develop-countrys-oldest-temple/articleshow/2709831.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |access-date=2021-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210918163428/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/bihar-govt-to-develop-countrys-oldest-temple/articleshow/2709831.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=2021-09-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-07 |title=Mundeshwari Devi Temple: World's Oldest Functioning Hindu Temple Is In Bihar |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/spiritual/mundeshwari-devi-temple-worlds-oldest-functioning-hindu-temple-is-in-bihar-article-109908675 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240507065014/https://www.timesnownews.com/spiritual/mundeshwari-devi-temple-worlds-oldest-functioning-hindu-temple-is-in-bihar-article-109908675 |archive-date=2024-05-07 |access-date=2024-11-16 |website=Times Now |language=en}}</ref> Gayunpaman, bagama't ang Mundeshwari ay malamang na isang mahalagang sinaunang lugar ng peregrinasyon kasama ang mga naunang relihiyosong establesimyento, ikinakatuwiran ng mga historyador ng arkitektura ng templong Hindu na ang mga umiiral na elemento ng arkitektura at mga eskultura ay hindi mas matanda kaysa sa ika-6-7 siglo,<ref name="Neuss20032">{{Cite journal |last=Neuss |first=Jürgen |date=2003 |title=The Temple of Mundesvari: Reconsidering the Evidence |url=https://www.academia.edu/3110731 |journal=Berliner Indologische Studien |pages=531–585 |access-date=2026-05-18 |archive-date=2024-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710103939/https://www.academia.edu/3110731 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Buckee">{{Cite journal |last=Buckee |first=Fiona |date=2020 |title=The Curious Case of the Octagonal Temple: An Architectural Analysis and Revised History of the Temples of Muṇḍeśvarī Hill |url=https://www.academia.edu/45486382 |journal=Archives of Asian Art |volume=70:2 |pages=173-197}}</ref><ref name="Asher">{{Cite book |last=Asher |first=F.M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d-gGxzx6wxIC&pg=PA40 |title=The Art of Eastern India: 300 - 800 |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |year=1980 |isbn=978-1-4529-1225-7 |page=40 |access-date=2025-02-11}}</ref><ref name="Huntington">{{Cite book |last=Huntington |first=S.L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=suL7EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA23 |title=The 'Pāla-Sena' Schools of Sculpture |publisher=Brill |year=1984 |isbn=978-90-04-64650-6 |series=Asian Studies - Book Archive pre-2000 |page=23 |access-date=2025-02-11}}</ref> at ang kasalukuyang dambana na may walong sulok ay maaaring itinayo o muling itinayo noong ika-16-17 siglo, bagama't isinasama ang mga elemento mula sa mga naunang templo na umiral sa burol.<ref name="Buckee" /> == Kasaysayan == [[Talaksan:Oriental_Scenery_Part_5_Fig_13.jpg|thumb|260x260px|Ang templo na nakita ni [[Thomas Daniell]] noong mga 1790]] [[Talaksan:Oriental_Scenery_Part_5_Fig_22.jpg|thumb|365x365px|Loob ng templo na ipininta ni [[Thomas Daniell]] noong mga 1790]] === Mga debate tungkol sa edad === Isang inskripsiyon ang natagpuan "sa mga labi sa paligid ng templo", na binanggit ang taon 30 (ng isang hindi kilalang panahon) at isang lokal na pinuno na si Mahārāja Udayasena (kung hindi man ay hindi alam), at ang anyo ng mga letra ay nagpapahiwatig ng petsa pagkatapos ng [[Imperyong Gupta|Gupta]].<ref name="Asher2">{{Cite book |last=Asher |first=F.M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d-gGxzx6wxIC&pg=PA40 |title=The Art of Eastern India: 300 - 800 |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |year=1980 |isbn=978-1-4529-1225-7 |page=40 |access-date=2025-02-11}}</ref> Kung ang panahong ginamit ay ang paghahari ni [[Harsha]], magbubunga ito ng petsang 636 CE.<ref name="Asher2" /> Gayunpaman, nangangatwiran si Neuss mula sa [[Palaeography|paleograpiya]] ng inskripsiyon na malamang na isinulat ito {{Circa}} mga 570-590 CE.<ref name="Neuss20033">{{Cite journal |last=Neuss |first=Jürgen |date=2003 |title=The Temple of Mundesvari: Reconsidering the Evidence |url=https://www.academia.edu/3110731 |journal=Berliner Indologische Studien |pages=531–585 |access-date=2026-05-18 |archive-date=2024-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710103939/https://www.academia.edu/3110731 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Binanggit ng inskripsiyon ang pagkakaroon ng ilang mga establesimyentong pangrelihiyon na umiiral doon noong panahong iyon.<ref name="Neuss20033" /> Kabilang sa mga naunang labi, isang [[lingam]] na posibleng mula sa ikalimang siglo ang "nasa daan paakyat sa burol."<ref name="Buckee2">{{Cite journal |last=Buckee |first=Fiona |date=2020 |title=The Curious Case of the Octagonal Temple: An Architectural Analysis and Revised History of the Temples of Muṇḍeśvarī Hill |url=https://www.academia.edu/45486382 |journal=Archives of Asian Art |volume=70:2 |pages=173-197}}</ref> Ang mga natitirang "inskripsiyon, eskultura, at mga piraso ng arkitektura" ay nagpapahiwatig na ang Mundeshwari "ay isang mahalagang lugar ng templo mula ikaanim na siglo CE (kung hindi man bago), na nagpatuloy hanggang sa huling bahagi ng ikapitong siglo hanggang unang bahagi ng ikawalong siglo."<ref name="Buckee2" /> Ang templo ng Mundeshwari kasama ang chaturmukha lingam nito ay posibleng nabanggit sa [[Skanda Purana]].<ref name="Buckee2" /> Sa estilo, ang mga umiiral na elemento ng arkitektura at mga eskultura ay pangunahing may petsang ika-7 siglo.<ref name="Neuss20034">{{Cite journal |last=Neuss |first=Jürgen |date=2003 |title=The Temple of Mundesvari: Reconsidering the Evidence |url=https://www.academia.edu/3110731 |journal=Berliner Indologische Studien |pages=531–585 |access-date=2026-05-18 |archive-date=2024-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240710103939/https://www.academia.edu/3110731 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Asher3">{{Cite book |last=Asher |first=F.M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d-gGxzx6wxIC&pg=PA40 |title=The Art of Eastern India: 300 - 800 |publisher=University of Minnesota Press |year=1980 |isbn=978-1-4529-1225-7 |page=40 |access-date=2025-02-11}}</ref><ref name="Huntington2">{{Cite book |last=Huntington |first=S.L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=suL7EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA23 |title=The 'Pāla-Sena' Schools of Sculpture |publisher=Brill |year=1984 |isbn=978-90-04-64650-6 |series=Asian Studies - Book Archive pre-2000 |page=23 |access-date=2025-02-11}}</ref> Sinasabing ang mga natatanging katangian ng arkitektura ay nagpapahiwatig ng maagang petsa para sa templo. Gayunpaman, ikinakatuwiran ni Buckee—isang historyador ng arkitektura ng templong Hindu—na ang kasalukuyang dambana na may walong sulok ay malamang na itinayo "noong ika-labing-anim hanggang ika-labingpitong siglo, na kinabibilangan ng mga pintuan at mga moldura na sinagip mula sa mga guho ng mga templo noong ikapitong siglo na dating nakapalibot sa tuktok ng burol".<ref name="Buckee3">{{Cite journal |last=Buckee |first=Fiona |date=2020 |title=The Curious Case of the Octagonal Temple: An Architectural Analysis and Revised History of the Temples of Muṇḍeśvarī Hill |url=https://www.academia.edu/45486382 |journal=Archives of Asian Art |volume=70:2 |pages=173-197}}</ref> Ang anyo ng templo ay maaaring binago pa ng ASI "sa panahon ng gawaing muling pagtatayo na kanilang isinagawa sa simula ng ika-dalawampung siglo."<ref name="Buckee3" /> == Mga sanggunian == {{Reflist|30em}}{{Hindu temples in Bihar}} [[Kategorya:Mga koordinado sa Wikidata]] 5ktzlzfs745gg55ay58nfmjp8flv43u 0 338315 2210209 2209141 2026-06-03T12:18:41Z Tabilay 153890 2210209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{multiple issues| {{unreferenced|date=Mayo 2026}} {{MOS|date=Mayo 2026}} {{cleanup|reason=Kailangan ayusin ang pagkakasulat ng artikulo at kailangan isalin ang mga banyagang salita.|date=Mayo 2026}} }} Ang '''US Open Tennis Championships''' ay isang pangunahing paligsahan sa propesyonal na tenis na ginaganap taon-taon sa '''[[:en:USTA_Billie_Jean_King_National_Tennis_Center|USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center]]''' sa Flushing Meadows, Queens, [[New York]]. Ipinapalaro ito sa mga outdoor hard courts mula huling bahagi ng Agosto hanggang unang bahagi ng Setyembre, at ito ang huling '''Grand Slam''' ng kalendaryo ng tenis.<ref name="Sundaystart25">{{cite web |last=Fendrich |first=Howard |date=25 August 2025 |title='Pretty sure no player would': Aussie joins Roger Federer in 'hating' Grand Slam trend as US Open gets underway |url=https://www.nine.com.au/sport/tennis/us-open-2025-news-sunday-start-jordan-thompson-roger-federer-jessica-pegula-ben-shelton-grand-slam-trend-prize-money-20250825-p5mpgu.html |publisher=Nine's Wide World of Sports |accessdate=22 February 2026}}</ref> Tampok dito ang men's at women's singles, doubles, mixed doubles, juniors, at wheelchair competitions. Itinatag noong '''1881''' bilang ''U.S. National Championships'' para sa mga amateur, binuksan ito sa mga propesyonal noong '''1968'''. Mula nang lumipat sa Queens noong '''1978''', naging isa ito sa pinakamalaking kaganapang pampalakasan sa mundo, na umaakit ng higit sa '''1 milyong manonood bawat taon''' at nag-aalok ng rekord na premyo na umabot sa '''$90 milyon noong 2025'''. <!-- [[File:Arthur Ashe stadium 2005.jpg|thumb|Mga tagahanga sa [[:en:Arthur_Ashe|Arthur Ashe]] stadium bago magsimula ang laban.]] == Kasaysayan == === Amateur Era (1881–1967) === Nagsimula ang paligsahan sa [[:en:Newport_Casino|Newport Casino]] sa Rhode Island.<ref>{{cite web |title=USTA Locations |url=https://www.usta.com/en/home/about-usta/usta-history/national/usta-locations.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227223227/https://www.usta.com/en/home/about-usta/usta-history/national/usta-locations.html |archive-date=February 27, 2021 |access-date=November 7, 2020 |website=usta.com}}</ref> Si [[:en:Richard_Sears|Richard Sears]] ang unang kampeon sa men's singles at nanalo ng pitong sunod-sunod na titulo. Idinagdag ang women's singles noong 1887. === Open Era (1968–1977) === Pinayagan na ang mga propesyonal na lumahok. Si [[:en:Arthur_Ashe|Arthur Ashe]] ang kauna-unahang African American na nanalo ng titulo noong 1968. Nakumpleto ni [[:en:Rod_Laver|Rod Laver]] ang Grand Slam noong 1969, habang si [[:en:Jimmy_Connors|Jimmy Connors]] ay naging pangunahing kampeon sa dekada 1970. Noong 1973, ang US Open ang unang Grand Slam na nagbigay ng '''pantay na premyo''' sa lalaki at babae. === Modern Era (1978–kasalukuyan) === Lumipat sa [[:en:Flushing_Meadows|Flushing Meadows]] na may hard courts. Binuksan ang '''[[:en:Arthur_Ashe_Stadium|Arthur Ashe Stadium]]''' noong 1997, sinundan ng mga modernong pasilidad tulad ng retractable roofs (2016, 2018) at ang paglipat sa '''[[:en:Laykold|Laykold]] surface''' noong 2020. == Venue at Pasilidad == Ang kompleks ng tennis ay tahanan ng [[:en:Arthur_Ashe_Stadium|Arthur Ashe Stadium]], ang pinakamalaking tennis stadium sa mundo na may 23,771 na upuan at isang retractable na bubong na nagbibigay-daan sa laro kahit sa hindi kanais-nais na panahon. Malapit dito matatagpuan ang [[:en:Louis_Armstrong_Stadium|Louis Armstrong Stadium]], na muling itinayo noong 2018 at idinisenyo para sa natural na bentilasyon habang may sariling bubong para sa proteksyon at ginhawa ng mga manonood. Sumasaklaw ang buong lugar ng mga 46.5 ektarya, na naglalaman ng 22 indoor courts at karagdagang 11 courts sa katabing parke. Madali ring marating ang kompleks sa pamamagitan ng direktang koneksyon sa subway Line 7 sa istasyong [[:en:Mets–Willets_Point|Mets–Willets Point]]. == Format ng Paligsahan == * '''Singles''': 128 manlalaro; men’s best-of-five sets, women’s best-of-three. * '''Doubles''': 64 teams, best-of-three sets. * '''Mixed Doubles''': Nabawasan sa 16 teams noong 2025, pinaikli ang scoring format. * '''Wheelchair at Juniors''': Mas maliit na draws ngunit pantay ang pagkilala at premyo. * '''Iskedyul''': Pinalawig sa 15 araw noong 2025. == Ranking Points at Premyo == * '''Points''': Ang kampeon ay kumikita ng 2000 ATP/WTA points. * '''Premyo (2025)''': ** Singles champion: $5 milyon ** Runner-up: $2.5 milyon ** First-round exit: $100,000 * Doubles champions: $750,000 bawat team * Wheelchair singles winners: $32,000 --> == Mga sanggunian == {{reflist}}{{uncategorized}} bvdjuwdoz7581r9clbdlfxmqudftueq 2210210 2210209 2026-06-03T12:21:01Z Tabilay 153890 2210210 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{multiple issues| {{unreferenced|date=Mayo 2026}} {{MOS|date=Mayo 2026}} {{cleanup|reason=Kailangan ayusin ang pagkakasulat ng artikulo at kailangan isalin ang mga banyagang salita.|date=Mayo 2026}} }} --> Ang '''US Open Tennis Championships''' ay isang pangunahing paligsahan sa propesyonal na tenis na ginaganap taon-taon sa '''[[:en:USTA_Billie_Jean_King_National_Tennis_Center|USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center]]''' sa Flushing Meadows, Queens, [[New York]]. Ipinapalaro ito sa mga outdoor hard courts mula huling bahagi ng Agosto hanggang unang bahagi ng Setyembre, at ito ang huling '''Grand Slam''' ng kalendaryo ng tenis.<ref name="Sundaystart25">{{cite web |last=Fendrich |first=Howard |date=25 August 2025 |title='Pretty sure no player would': Aussie joins Roger Federer in 'hating' Grand Slam trend as US Open gets underway |url=https://www.nine.com.au/sport/tennis/us-open-2025-news-sunday-start-jordan-thompson-roger-federer-jessica-pegula-ben-shelton-grand-slam-trend-prize-money-20250825-p5mpgu.html |publisher=Nine's Wide World of Sports |accessdate=22 February 2026}}</ref> Tampok dito ang men's at women's singles, doubles, mixed doubles, juniors, at wheelchair competitions. Itinatag noong '''1881''' bilang ''U.S. National Championships'' para sa mga amateur, binuksan ito sa mga propesyonal noong '''1968'''. Mula nang lumipat sa Queens noong '''1978''', naging isa ito sa pinakamalaking kaganapang pampalakasan sa mundo, na umaakit ng higit sa '''1 milyong manonood bawat taon''' at nag-aalok ng rekord na premyo na umabot sa '''$90 milyon noong 2025'''. <!-- [[File:Arthur Ashe stadium 2005.jpg|thumb|Mga tagahanga sa [[:en:Arthur_Ashe|Arthur Ashe]] stadium bago magsimula ang laban.]] == Kasaysayan == === Amateur Era (1881–1967) === Nagsimula ang paligsahan sa [[:en:Newport_Casino|Newport Casino]] sa Rhode Island.<ref>{{cite web |title=USTA Locations |url=https://www.usta.com/en/home/about-usta/usta-history/national/usta-locations.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227223227/https://www.usta.com/en/home/about-usta/usta-history/national/usta-locations.html |archive-date=February 27, 2021 |access-date=November 7, 2020 |website=usta.com}}</ref> Si [[:en:Richard_Sears|Richard Sears]] ang unang kampeon sa men's singles at nanalo ng pitong sunod-sunod na titulo. Idinagdag ang women's singles noong 1887. === Open Era (1968–1977) === Pinayagan na ang mga propesyonal na lumahok. Si [[:en:Arthur_Ashe|Arthur Ashe]] ang kauna-unahang African American na nanalo ng titulo noong 1968. Nakumpleto ni [[:en:Rod_Laver|Rod Laver]] ang Grand Slam noong 1969, habang si [[:en:Jimmy_Connors|Jimmy Connors]] ay naging pangunahing kampeon sa dekada 1970. Noong 1973, ang US Open ang unang Grand Slam na nagbigay ng '''pantay na premyo''' sa lalaki at babae. === Modern Era (1978–kasalukuyan) === Lumipat sa [[:en:Flushing_Meadows|Flushing Meadows]] na may hard courts. Binuksan ang '''[[:en:Arthur_Ashe_Stadium|Arthur Ashe Stadium]]''' noong 1997, sinundan ng mga modernong pasilidad tulad ng retractable roofs (2016, 2018) at ang paglipat sa '''[[:en:Laykold|Laykold]] surface''' noong 2020. == Venue at Pasilidad == Ang kompleks ng tennis ay tahanan ng [[:en:Arthur_Ashe_Stadium|Arthur Ashe Stadium]], ang pinakamalaking tennis stadium sa mundo na may 23,771 na upuan at isang retractable na bubong na nagbibigay-daan sa laro kahit sa hindi kanais-nais na panahon. Malapit dito matatagpuan ang [[:en:Louis_Armstrong_Stadium|Louis Armstrong Stadium]], na muling itinayo noong 2018 at idinisenyo para sa natural na bentilasyon habang may sariling bubong para sa proteksyon at ginhawa ng mga manonood. Sumasaklaw ang buong lugar ng mga 46.5 ektarya, na naglalaman ng 22 indoor courts at karagdagang 11 courts sa katabing parke. Madali ring marating ang kompleks sa pamamagitan ng direktang koneksyon sa subway Line 7 sa istasyong [[:en:Mets–Willets_Point|Mets–Willets Point]]. == Format ng Paligsahan == * '''Singles''': 128 manlalaro; men’s best-of-five sets, women’s best-of-three. * '''Doubles''': 64 teams, best-of-three sets. * '''Mixed Doubles''': Nabawasan sa 16 teams noong 2025, pinaikli ang scoring format. * '''Wheelchair at Juniors''': Mas maliit na draws ngunit pantay ang pagkilala at premyo. * '''Iskedyul''': Pinalawig sa 15 araw noong 2025. == Ranking Points at Premyo == * '''Points''': Ang kampeon ay kumikita ng 2000 ATP/WTA points. * '''Premyo (2025)''': ** Singles champion: $5 milyon ** Runner-up: $2.5 milyon ** First-round exit: $100,000 * Doubles champions: $750,000 bawat team * Wheelchair singles winners: $32,000 --> == Mga sanggunian == {{reflist}}{{uncategorized}} bkxk97r3a38rfu9c9cnul84g5ffelc5 0 338466 2210225 2210078 2026-06-03T14:38:50Z Jojit fb 38 Changed redirect target from [[Bilang na Romano]] to [[Pamilang na Romano]] 2210225 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pamilang na Romano]] jxx2glh3fp561dj7e3x5tnp6c4648gi 0 338467 2210226 2210079 2026-06-03T14:39:35Z Jojit fb 38 Changed redirect target from [[Bilang na Romano]] to [[Pamilang na Romano]] 2210226 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pamilang na Romano]] jxx2glh3fp561dj7e3x5tnp6c4648gi 0 338468 2210227 2210062 2026-06-03T14:39:44Z Jojit fb 38 Changed redirect target from [[Bilang na Romano]] to [[Pamilang na Romano]] 2210227 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pamilang na Romano]] jxx2glh3fp561dj7e3x5tnp6c4648gi 0 338477 2210219 2026-06-03T14:33:15Z Jojit fb 38 Inilipat ni Jojit fb ang pahinang [[Bilang na Romano]] sa [[Pamilang na Romano]] 2210219 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Pamilang na Romano]] jxx2glh3fp561dj7e3x5tnp6c4648gi 2 338478 2210228 2026-06-03T15:19:00Z SammySong 161860 /* */ 2210228 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang pangalan ko ay Sammy. Ako ay interesado sa [[anime]] at [[manga]]. lb1mehxf531i8k233y35qezpyro3xln 10 338479 2210229 2026-06-03T15:20:51Z LknFenix 125962 Isinalin mula sa [[:en:Template:Cite opentopomap]] 2210229 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{{1|{{{name|{{{title|}}}}}}}}}||{{citation error|no <code>name</code> specified|cite opentopomap|nocat={{main other||true}}}} | {{#ifeq:{{{2|{{{lat|}}}}}}||{{citation error|no <code>lat</code> specified|cite opentopomap|nocat={{main other||true}}}} | {{#ifeq:{{{3|{{{long|}}}}}}||{{citation error|no <code>long</code> specified|cite opentopomap|nocat={{main other||true}}}} | {{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=cite web | _exclude=name,title,lat,long,zoom | _alias-map=1:title,4:access-date,name:title | url = https://opentopomap.org/#marker={{{5|{{{zoom|14}}}}}}/{{{2|{{{lat}}}}}}/{{{3|{{{long|}}}}}} | title = Topographic map of {{{1|{{{name|{{{title|}}}}}}}}} | website = opentopomap.org }} }}}} }}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 9g5xymke8psgb9uvuz6wixdsrge9jvt 2 338480 2210231 2026-06-03T15:25:40Z Bacus15 25797 Bagong pahina: Ako si Bartosz, taga Polonya ako. Mahilig ako sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas. Aktibo ako sa Wikipediang polako. Mabuhay ang Pilipinas, mabuhay ang wikang Pilipino! 2210231 wikitext text/x-wiki Ako si Bartosz, taga Polonya ako. Mahilig ako sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas. Aktibo ako sa Wikipediang polako. Mabuhay ang Pilipinas, mabuhay ang wikang Pilipino! ol4ljqlrehvcexl0f6gh4muti6qqblc 0 338481 2210235 2026-06-03T16:42:51Z SammySong 161860 Gumawa ng innitial na pahina (kukuha ng citations sa susunod) | Ang ibang nilalaman ng edit na ito ay translated mula sa ingles artikulo [[:en:Snowball_Earth_(manga)]]; see its history for attribution. 2210235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox animanga/Header | name = Snowball Earth | ja_kanji = スノウボールアース | ja_romaji = Sunoubōru Āsu | genre = }} {{Infobox animanga/Print | type = manga | author = Yuhiro Tsujitsugu | publisher = Shogakukan | publisher_en = {{English manga publisher | NA = Viz Media }} | imprint = Big Comics | magazine = Monthly Big Comic Spirits | first = January 27, 2021 | last = | volumes = 11 | volume_list = }} {{Infobox animanga/Video | type = tv series | director = {{ubl|Munehisa Sakai|Takeshi Iwata (assistant)}} | producer = | writer = Shigeru Murakoshi | music = {{ubl|Tatsuya Kato|Hiroaki Tsutsumi|Yuki Kanesaka}} | studio = Studio Kai | licensee = {{ubl|Crunchyroll (streaming)|Disney Platform Distribution|{{English anime licensee |SEA = Muse Communication}} }} | network = Nippon Television Network System|NNS (Nippon TV) | network_en = | first = Abril 3, 2026 | last = | episodes = 9 | episode_list = }} {{Infobox animanga/Footer|portal=yes}} Ang {{Nihongo|'''''Snowball Earth'''''|スノウボールアース|Sunoubōru Āsu}} ay isang seryeng [[manga]] na sinulat at ginuhit ni Yuhiro Tsujitsugu. Ang istorya ay tungkol kay Tetsuo Yabusame, at sakanyang higanting robot na si Yukio, nilalabanan ang mga kaiju na mula sa kalawakan. Matapos ang pagkatalo mula sa huling laban, bumalik siya sa Earth, para malaman itong nakatakip sa niyebe. Nailathala ang Snowball Earth sa magasi ng Shogakukan ng Monthly Big Comic Spirits mula noong 01 2021, at nailabas sa anyong [[tankōbon]] (aklat) sa 11 bolyum. Nagkaron nang adaptasyon ng [[anime]] sa telebisyon na ginawa ng Studio Kai, na ume-ere ngayon. {{uncategorized}} {{stub}} ornp954x7h9ipn6ftvnyz8h6jmyrilp 2210237 2210235 2026-06-03T17:08:04Z SammySong 161860 Inayos ang mga petsa 2210237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox animanga/Header | name = Snowball Earth | ja_kanji = スノウボールアース | ja_romaji = Sunoubōru Āsu | genre = }} {{Infobox animanga/Print | type = manga | author = Yuhiro Tsujitsugu | publisher = Shogakukan | publisher_en = {{English manga publisher | NA = Viz Media }} | imprint = Big Comics | magazine = Monthly Big Comic Spirits | first = Enero 27, 2021 | last = | volumes = 11 | volume_list = }} {{Infobox animanga/Video | type = tv series | director = {{ubl|Munehisa Sakai|Takeshi Iwata (assistant)}} | producer = | writer = Shigeru Murakoshi | music = {{ubl|Tatsuya Kato|Hiroaki Tsutsumi|Yuki Kanesaka}} | studio = Studio Kai | licensee = {{ubl|Crunchyroll (streaming)|Disney Platform Distribution|{{English anime licensee |SEA = Muse Communication}} }} | network = Nippon Television Network System|NNS (Nippon TV) | network_en = | first = Abril 3, 2026 | last = | episodes = 9 | episode_list = }} {{Infobox animanga/Footer|portal=yes}} Ang {{Nihongo|'''''Snowball Earth'''''|スノウボールアース|Sunoubōru Āsu}} ay isang seryeng [[manga]] na sinulat at ginuhit ni Yuhiro Tsujitsugu. Ang istorya ay tungkol kay Tetsuo Yabusame, at sakanyang higanting robot na si Yukio, nilalabanan ang mga kaiju na mula sa kalawakan. Matapos ang pagkatalo mula sa huling laban, bumalik siya sa Earth, para malaman itong nakatakip sa niyebe. Nailathala ang Snowball Earth sa magasi ng Shogakukan ng Monthly Big Comic Spirits mula noong Enero 2021, at nailabas sa anyong [[tankōbon]] (aklat) sa 11 bolyum. Nagkaron nang adaptasyon ng [[anime]] sa telebisyon na ginawa ng Studio Kai, na ume-ere ngayon. {{uncategorized}} {{stub}} p3mwhoqcbo2rkdk6cf11mffyr39illg 2210317 2210237 2026-06-04T06:57:44Z SammySong 161860 Naglagay ng kategorya 2210317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox animanga/Header | name = Snowball Earth | ja_kanji = スノウボールアース | ja_romaji = Sunoubōru Āsu | genre = }} {{Infobox animanga/Print | type = manga | author = Yuhiro Tsujitsugu | publisher = Shogakukan | publisher_en = {{English manga publisher | NA = Viz Media }} | imprint = Big Comics | magazine = Monthly Big Comic Spirits | first = Enero 27, 2021 | last = | volumes = 11 | volume_list = }} {{Infobox animanga/Video | type = tv series | director = {{ubl|Munehisa Sakai|Takeshi Iwata (assistant)}} | producer = | writer = Shigeru Murakoshi | music = {{ubl|Tatsuya Kato|Hiroaki Tsutsumi|Yuki Kanesaka}} | studio = Studio Kai | licensee = {{ubl|Crunchyroll (streaming)|Disney Platform Distribution|{{English anime licensee |SEA = Muse Communication}} }} | network = Nippon Television Network System|NNS (Nippon TV) | network_en = | first = Abril 3, 2026 | last = | episodes = 9 | episode_list = }} {{Infobox animanga/Footer|portal=yes}} Ang {{Nihongo|'''''Snowball Earth'''''|スノウボールアース|Sunoubōru Āsu}} ay isang seryeng [[manga]] na sinulat at ginuhit ni Yuhiro Tsujitsugu. Ang istorya ay tungkol kay Tetsuo Yabusame, at sakanyang higanting robot na si Yukio, nilalabanan ang mga kaiju na mula sa kalawakan. Matapos ang pagkatalo mula sa huling laban, bumalik siya sa Earth, para malaman itong nakatakip sa niyebe. Nailathala ang Snowball Earth sa magasi ng Shogakukan ng Monthly Big Comic Spirits mula noong Enero 2021, at nailabas sa anyong [[tankōbon]] (aklat) sa 11 bolyum. Nagkaron nang adaptasyon ng [[anime]] sa telebisyon na ginawa ng Studio Kai, na ume-ere ngayon. {{stub}} [[Kategorya:Seinen manga]] 9hu20jdly3lm2zj4k8z0awfq22nlous 2210318 2210317 2026-06-04T07:02:21Z SammySong 161860 Ginawang tama ang translasyon 2210318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox animanga/Header | name = Snowball Earth | ja_kanji = スノウボールアース | ja_romaji = Sunoubōru Āsu | genre = }} {{Infobox animanga/Print | type = manga | author = Yuhiro Tsujitsugu | publisher = Shogakukan | publisher_en = {{English manga publisher | NA = Viz Media }} | imprint = Big Comics | magazine = Monthly Big Comic Spirits | first = Enero 27, 2021 | last = | volumes = 11 | volume_list = }} {{Infobox animanga/Video | type = tv series | director = {{ubl|Munehisa Sakai|Takeshi Iwata (assistant)}} | producer = | writer = Shigeru Murakoshi | music = {{ubl|Tatsuya Kato|Hiroaki Tsutsumi|Yuki Kanesaka}} | studio = Studio Kai | licensee = {{ubl|Crunchyroll (streaming)|Disney Platform Distribution|{{English anime licensee |SEA = Muse Communication}} }} | network = Nippon Television Network System|NNS (Nippon TV) | network_en = | first = Abril 3, 2026 | last = | episodes = 9 | episode_list = }} {{Infobox animanga/Footer|portal=yes}} Ang {{Nihongo|'''''Snowball Earth'''''|スノウボールアース|Sunoubōru Āsu}} ay isang seryeng [[manga]] na sinulat at ginuhit ni Yuhiro Tsujitsugu. Ang istorya ay tungkol kay Tetsuo Yabusame, at sakanyang higanting robot na si Yukio, nilalabanan ang mga kaiju na mula sa kalawakan. Matapos ang pagkatalo mula sa huling laban, bumalik siya sa daigdig, para malaman itong nakatakip sa niyebe. Nailathala ang Snowball Earth sa magasi ng Shogakukan ng Monthly Big Comic Spirits mula noong Enero 2021, at nailabas sa anyong [[tankōbon]] (aklat) sa 11 bolyum. Nagkaron nang adaptasyon ng [[anime]] sa telebisyon na ginawa ng Studio Kai, na ume-ere ngayon. {{stub}} [[Kategorya:Seinen manga]] 7ilj73wsyloepfb7hm5tb6qre269v19 2210319 2210318 2026-06-04T07:13:03Z SammySong 161860 Naglagay ng kategorya 2210319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox animanga/Header | name = Snowball Earth | ja_kanji = スノウボールアース | ja_romaji = Sunoubōru Āsu | genre = }} {{Infobox animanga/Print | type = manga | author = Yuhiro Tsujitsugu | publisher = Shogakukan | publisher_en = {{English manga publisher | NA = Viz Media }} | imprint = Big Comics | magazine = Monthly Big Comic Spirits | first = Enero 27, 2021 | last = | volumes = 11 | volume_list = }} {{Infobox animanga/Video | type = tv series | director = {{ubl|Munehisa Sakai|Takeshi Iwata (assistant)}} | producer = | writer = Shigeru Murakoshi | music = {{ubl|Tatsuya Kato|Hiroaki Tsutsumi|Yuki Kanesaka}} | studio = Studio Kai | licensee = {{ubl|Crunchyroll (streaming)|Disney Platform Distribution|{{English anime licensee |SEA = Muse Communication}} }} | network = Nippon Television Network System|NNS (Nippon TV) | network_en = | first = Abril 3, 2026 | last = | episodes = 9 | episode_list = }} {{Infobox animanga/Footer|portal=yes}} Ang {{Nihongo|'''''Snowball Earth'''''|スノウボールアース|Sunoubōru Āsu}} ay isang seryeng [[manga]] na sinulat at ginuhit ni Yuhiro Tsujitsugu. Ang istorya ay tungkol kay Tetsuo Yabusame, at sakanyang higanting robot na si Yukio, nilalabanan ang mga kaiju na mula sa kalawakan. Matapos ang pagkatalo mula sa huling laban, bumalik siya sa daigdig, para malaman itong nakatakip sa niyebe. Nailathala ang Snowball Earth sa magasi ng Shogakukan ng Monthly Big Comic Spirits mula noong Enero 2021, at nailabas sa anyong [[tankōbon]] (aklat) sa 11 bolyum. Nagkaron nang adaptasyon ng [[anime]] sa telebisyon na ginawa ng Studio Kai, na ume-ere ngayon. {{stub}} [[Kategorya:Anime]] [[Kategorya:Manga]] [[Kategorya:Seinen manga]] 9j4mx5htx528oq4wjb4ucn5qj663h2q 0 338482 2210241 2026-06-03T17:54:28Z LknFenix 125962 Inilikha sa pagsalin ng pahinang "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355786963|Brutalist architecture]]" 2210241 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang '''arkitekturang brutalista''' ay isang estilo ng arkitektura na umusbong noong dekada 1950 sa [[United Kingdom|Reyno Unido]] bilang bahagi ng mga proyektong rekonstruksiyon sa panahon pagkatapos ng digmaan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2018 |title=Reclaiming Polish Brutalism: Discover the Emblems of Communism |url=https://www.archdaily.com/904788/reclaiming-polish-brutalism-discover-the-emblems-of-communism |access-date=18 October 2023 |website=ArchDaily |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Larsson |first=Naomi |date=6 August 2023 |title=Socialist modernism: remembering the architecture of the eastern bloc |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/aug/06/socialist-modernism-remembering-the-architecture-of-the-eastern-bloc |access-date=18 October 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of BRUTALISM |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/brutalism |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Citation |last=Bull |first=Alun |title=What is Brutalism? |date=8 November 2013 |url=https://vimeo.com/78931268 |access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> Kilala ang mga gusaling brutalista sa kanilang minimalistang konstruksiyon na naglalantad ng mga [[Materyales na pangtayo|materyales sa pagtatayo]] at mga elemento ng estruktura sa halip na umasa sa pandekorasyon na disenyo.<ref name="Dezeen2">{{Cite web |last=Hopkins |first=Owen |date=10 September 2014 |title=The Dezeen guide to Brutalist architecture |url=https://www.dezeen.com/2014/09/10/dezeen-guide-to-brutalist-architecture-owen-hopkins/ |access-date=19 April 2020 |website=[[Dezeen]]}}</ref><ref name="AD2">{{Cite web |last=Editorial Staff |title=Brutalist architecture – a retrospective |url=https://www.architectureanddesign.com.au/features/list/a-look-at-brutalist-architecture |access-date=19 April 2020 |website=Architecture and Design}}</ref> Karaniwang gumagamit ang estilo ng nakalantad at hindi pininturahang [[kongkreto]] o [[Laryo|ladrilyo]], mga anggular na hugis [[Heometriya|heometriko]], at karamihang monokromong paleta ng kulay;<ref name="AD2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2014-06-23 |title=Brutalist Architecture London {{!}} A Guide To Brutalism |url=https://20bedfordway.com/news/guide-to-brutalist-architecture-london/ |access-date=2020-05-11 |website=20 Bedford Way |language=en-GB}}</ref> ginagamit din ang iba pang mga materyales, tulad ng [[Asero|bakal]], troso, at [[Salamin (materyales)|salamin]].<ref name="bbcarts">{{Cite web |last=Harwood |first=Elain |title=The concrete truth? Brutalism can be beautiful |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/2KYNVdPBLTYC99f18wsZPQy/the-concrete-truth-brutalism-can-be-beautiful |access-date=11 May 2020 |website=BBC Arts}}</ref> f7hf7i7896t6o4syxma7ervyhh6wxyy 2210248 2210241 2026-06-03T17:58:43Z LknFenix 125962 added [[Category:Arkitektura]] using [[WP:HC|HotCat]] 2210248 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang '''arkitekturang brutalista''' ay isang estilo ng arkitektura na umusbong noong dekada 1950 sa [[United Kingdom|Reyno Unido]] bilang bahagi ng mga proyektong rekonstruksiyon sa panahon pagkatapos ng digmaan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2018 |title=Reclaiming Polish Brutalism: Discover the Emblems of Communism |url=https://www.archdaily.com/904788/reclaiming-polish-brutalism-discover-the-emblems-of-communism |access-date=18 October 2023 |website=ArchDaily |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Larsson |first=Naomi |date=6 August 2023 |title=Socialist modernism: remembering the architecture of the eastern bloc |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/aug/06/socialist-modernism-remembering-the-architecture-of-the-eastern-bloc |access-date=18 October 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of BRUTALISM |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/brutalism |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Citation |last=Bull |first=Alun |title=What is Brutalism? |date=8 November 2013 |url=https://vimeo.com/78931268 |access-date=10 October 2018}}</ref> Kilala ang mga gusaling brutalista sa kanilang minimalistang konstruksiyon na naglalantad ng mga [[Materyales na pangtayo|materyales sa pagtatayo]] at mga elemento ng estruktura sa halip na umasa sa pandekorasyon na disenyo.<ref name="Dezeen2">{{Cite web |last=Hopkins |first=Owen |date=10 September 2014 |title=The Dezeen guide to Brutalist architecture |url=https://www.dezeen.com/2014/09/10/dezeen-guide-to-brutalist-architecture-owen-hopkins/ |access-date=19 April 2020 |website=[[Dezeen]]}}</ref><ref name="AD2">{{Cite web |last=Editorial Staff |title=Brutalist architecture – a retrospective |url=https://www.architectureanddesign.com.au/features/list/a-look-at-brutalist-architecture |access-date=19 April 2020 |website=Architecture and Design}}</ref> Karaniwang gumagamit ang estilo ng nakalantad at hindi pininturahang [[kongkreto]] o [[Laryo|ladrilyo]], mga anggular na hugis [[Heometriya|heometriko]], at karamihang monokromong paleta ng kulay;<ref name="AD2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2014-06-23 |title=Brutalist Architecture London {{!}} A Guide To Brutalism |url=https://20bedfordway.com/news/guide-to-brutalist-architecture-london/ |access-date=2020-05-11 |website=20 Bedford Way |language=en-GB}}</ref> ginagamit din ang iba pang mga materyales, tulad ng [[Asero|bakal]], troso, at [[Salamin (materyales)|salamin]].<ref name="bbcarts">{{Cite web |last=Harwood |first=Elain |title=The concrete truth? Brutalism can be beautiful |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/2KYNVdPBLTYC99f18wsZPQy/the-concrete-truth-brutalism-can-be-beautiful |access-date=11 May 2020 |website=BBC Arts}}</ref> [[Kategorya:Arkitektura]] f4gky8k5nz0xbj8jmy9tps427ror5h1 2210249 2210248 2026-06-03T18:05:07Z LknFenix 125962 Pag-aayos sa sanggunian 2210249 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang '''arkitekturang brutalista''' ay isang estilo ng arkitektura na umusbong noong dekada 1950 sa [[United Kingdom|Reyno Unido]] bilang bahagi ng mga proyektong rekonstruksiyon sa panahon pagkatapos ng digmaan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 Oktubre 2018 |title=Reclaiming Polish Brutalism: Discover the Emblems of Communism |url=https://www.archdaily.com/904788/reclaiming-polish-brutalism-discover-the-emblems-of-communism |access-date=18 Oktubre 2023 |website=ArchDaily |language=en-US|trans-title=Pagbawi sa Brutalismong Polako: Tuklasin ang mga Sagisag ng Komunismo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Larsson |first=Naomi |date=6 Agosto 2023 |title=Socialist modernism: remembering the architecture of the eastern bloc |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/aug/06/socialist-modernism-remembering-the-architecture-of-the-eastern-bloc |access-date=18 Oktubre 2023 |issn=0261-3077|trans-title=Sosyalistang modernismo: pag-alala sa arkitektura ng silangang bloke}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of BRUTALISM |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/brutalism |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en|trans-title=Kahulugan ng BRUTALISMO}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Citation |last=Bull |first=Alun |title=What is Brutalism? |date=8 Nobyembre 2013 |url=https://vimeo.com/78931268 |access-date=10 Oktubre 2018|language=en|trans-title=Ano ang Brutalismo?}}</ref> Kilala ang mga gusaling brutalista sa kanilang minimalistang konstruksiyon na naglalantad ng mga [[Materyales na pangtayo|materyales sa pagtatayo]] at mga elemento ng estruktura sa halip na umasa sa pandekorasyon na disenyo.<ref name="Dezeen2">{{Cite web |last=Hopkins |first=Owen |date=10 Setyembre 2014 |title=The Dezeen guide to Brutalist architecture |url=https://www.dezeen.com/2014/09/10/dezeen-guide-to-brutalist-architecture-owen-hopkins/ |access-date=19 Abril 2020 |website=[[Dezeen]]|language=en|trans-title=Ang gabay Dezeen sa Brutalistang arkitektura}}</ref><ref name="AD2">{{Cite web |last=Editorial Staff |title=Brutalist architecture – a retrospective |url=https://www.architectureanddesign.com.au/features/list/a-look-at-brutalist-architecture |access-date=19 Abril 2020 |website=Architecture and Design|language=en|trans-title=Brutalistang arkitektura – isang pagbabalik-tanaw}}</ref> Karaniwang gumagamit ang estilo ng nakalantad at hindi pininturahang [[kongkreto]] o [[Laryo|ladrilyo]], mga anggular na hugis [[Heometriya|heometriko]], at karamihang monokromong paleta ng kulay;<ref name="AD2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2014-06-23 |title=Brutalist Architecture London {{!}} A Guide To Brutalism |url=https://20bedfordway.com/news/guide-to-brutalist-architecture-london/ |access-date=2020-05-11 |website=20 Bedford Way |language=en-GB|trans-title=Arkitekturang Brutalista London {{!}} Isang Gabay sa Brutalismo}}</ref> ginagamit din ang iba pang mga materyales, tulad ng [[Asero|bakal]], troso, at [[Salamin (materyales)|salamin]].<ref name="bbcarts">{{Cite web |last=Harwood |first=Elain |title=The concrete truth? Brutalism can be beautiful |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/2KYNVdPBLTYC99f18wsZPQy/the-concrete-truth-brutalism-can-be-beautiful |access-date=11 Mayo 2020 |website=BBC Arts|trans-title=Ang konkretong katotohanan? Maaaring maging maganda ang brutalismo|language=en}}</ref> ==Mga sanggunian== {{Reflist}} [[Kategorya:Arkitektura]] 0vna2hw6kqvbsftphank9bfnzyolch0 2210251 2210249 2026-06-03T18:19:01Z LknFenix 125962 + Infobox 2210251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox art movement |name = Arkitekturang brutalista |image = {{photomontage |photo1a = Park Hill Samarkanda.JPG |photo1b = Talnakh.jpg |photo1c = Vista Teatro teresa carreño.jpg |photo2a = The National Theatre, South Bank, London (3).jpg |photo2b = 1981 BostonCityHall byLebovich8 HABS MA1176.jpg |photo2c = Soviet apartment.jpg |photo3a = Guajolote.jpg |photo3b = Barbican Lakeside on a summer evening.jpg |photo3c = Alexandra Road Estate.jpg |size = 300 |color_border = #AAAAAA |color = #F9F9F9 |caption = |foot_montage = }} |alt = |caption = '''Nangungunang hanay''': mga Park Hill flats sa [[Sheffield]], Inglatera; pabahay noong panahong [[Unyong Sobyet|Sobyet]] sa Talnakh, Rusya; Teresa Carreño Cultural Complex sa [[Caracas]], Benesuwela. <br>'''Gitnang hanay''': Royal National Theatre sa London; Bulwagang Panlungsod ng Boston; pabahay noong panahong Sobyet sa [[San Petersburgo]].<br> '''Ibabang hanay''': Aklatang Robarts sa [[Toronto]], Canada; Barbican Centre sa [[Lungsod ng London]]; Alexandra Road Estate sa London. |yearsactive = d. 1950 - unang bahagi ng d. 1980 |country = Pandaigdigan |major figures= |influences= |influenced= |commons = yes }} Ang '''arkitekturang brutalista''' ay isang estilo ng arkitektura na umusbong noong dekada 1950 sa [[United Kingdom|Reyno Unido]] bilang bahagi ng mga proyektong rekonstruksiyon sa panahon pagkatapos ng digmaan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 Oktubre 2018 |title=Reclaiming Polish Brutalism: Discover the Emblems of Communism |url=https://www.archdaily.com/904788/reclaiming-polish-brutalism-discover-the-emblems-of-communism |access-date=18 Oktubre 2023 |website=ArchDaily |language=en-US|trans-title=Pagbawi sa Brutalismong Polako: Tuklasin ang mga Sagisag ng Komunismo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Larsson |first=Naomi |date=6 Agosto 2023 |title=Socialist modernism: remembering the architecture of the eastern bloc |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/aug/06/socialist-modernism-remembering-the-architecture-of-the-eastern-bloc |access-date=18 Oktubre 2023 |issn=0261-3077|trans-title=Sosyalistang modernismo: pag-alala sa arkitektura ng silangang bloke}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of BRUTALISM |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/brutalism |access-date=2019-07-11 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en|trans-title=Kahulugan ng BRUTALISMO}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Citation |last=Bull |first=Alun |title=What is Brutalism? |date=8 Nobyembre 2013 |url=https://vimeo.com/78931268 |access-date=10 Oktubre 2018|language=en|trans-title=Ano ang Brutalismo?}}</ref> Kilala ang mga gusaling brutalista sa kanilang minimalistang konstruksiyon na naglalantad ng mga [[Materyales na pangtayo|materyales sa pagtatayo]] at mga elemento ng estruktura sa halip na umasa sa pandekorasyon na disenyo.<ref name="Dezeen2">{{Cite web |last=Hopkins |first=Owen |date=10 Setyembre 2014 |title=The Dezeen guide to Brutalist architecture |url=https://www.dezeen.com/2014/09/10/dezeen-guide-to-brutalist-architecture-owen-hopkins/ |access-date=19 Abril 2020 |website=[[Dezeen]]|language=en|trans-title=Ang gabay Dezeen sa Brutalistang arkitektura}}</ref><ref name="AD2">{{Cite web |last=Editorial Staff |title=Brutalist architecture – a retrospective |url=https://www.architectureanddesign.com.au/features/list/a-look-at-brutalist-architecture |access-date=19 Abril 2020 |website=Architecture and Design|language=en|trans-title=Brutalistang arkitektura – isang pagbabalik-tanaw}}</ref> Karaniwang gumagamit ang estilo ng nakalantad at hindi pininturahang [[kongkreto]] o [[Laryo|ladrilyo]], mga anggular na hugis [[Heometriya|heometriko]], at karamihang monokromong paleta ng kulay;<ref name="AD2" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2014-06-23 |title=Brutalist Architecture London {{!}} A Guide To Brutalism |url=https://20bedfordway.com/news/guide-to-brutalist-architecture-london/ |access-date=2020-05-11 |website=20 Bedford Way |language=en-GB|trans-title=Arkitekturang Brutalista London {{!}} Isang Gabay sa Brutalismo}}</ref> ginagamit din ang iba pang mga materyales, tulad ng [[Asero|bakal]], troso, at [[Salamin (materyales)|salamin]].<ref name="bbcarts">{{Cite web |last=Harwood |first=Elain |title=The concrete truth? Brutalism can be beautiful |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/2KYNVdPBLTYC99f18wsZPQy/the-concrete-truth-brutalism-can-be-beautiful |access-date=11 Mayo 2020 |website=BBC Arts|trans-title=Ang konkretong katotohanan? Maaaring maging maganda ang brutalismo|language=en}}</ref> ==Mga sanggunian== {{Reflist}} [[Kategorya:Arkitektura]] doqvwz74kou6qsfs8w2qw2fibuixm09 0 338483 2210242 2026-06-03T17:55:04Z LknFenix 125962 Ikinakarga sa [[Arkitekturang brutalista]] 2210242 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Arkitekturang brutalista]] 5r93f8mh1s17kdm0fn06ddv6nhi6kjc 0 338484 2210243 2026-06-03T17:55:31Z LknFenix 125962 Ikinakarga sa [[Arkitekturang brutalista]] 2210243 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Arkitekturang brutalista]] 5r93f8mh1s17kdm0fn06ddv6nhi6kjc 0 338485 2210244 2026-06-03T17:56:26Z LknFenix 125962 Ikinakarga sa [[Arkitekturang brutalista]] 2210244 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Arkitekturang brutalista] 7gv8u7emwwka4b6345k5y71ku1dp083 2210245 2210244 2026-06-03T17:56:41Z LknFenix 125962 Inayos ang redirect 2210245 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Arkitekturang brutalista]] 0wduwbj1vkirc4qgxaeccbm027m50j5 0 338486 2210246 2026-06-03T17:57:07Z LknFenix 125962 Ikinakarga sa [[Arkitekturang brutalista]] 2210246 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Arkitekturang brutalista]] 5r93f8mh1s17kdm0fn06ddv6nhi6kjc 1 338487 2210247 2026-06-03T17:58:14Z LknFenix 125962 + isinalinwikang pahina 2210247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Isinalinwikang pahina|en|Brutalist architecture}} 9y85cgqauwjfenwzsfene1fdfrzsedh 0 338488 2210302 2026-06-04T04:47:47Z HF Active 162311 Bagong pahina: {{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | name = Camilo Sesto | image = Camilo Sesto.jpg | image_size = 240px | caption = 2017 | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Camilo Blanes Cortés | birth_date = {{Birth date|1946|9|16}} | birth_place = [[Alcoy]], [[Espanya]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|9|8|1946|9|16}} | death_place = [... 2210302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | name = Camilo Sesto | image = Camilo Sesto.jpg | image_size = 240px | caption = 2017 | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Camilo Blanes Cortés | birth_date = {{Birth date|1946|9|16}} | birth_place = [[Alcoy]], [[Espanya]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|9|8|1946|9|16}} | death_place = [[Madrid]], [[Espanya]] | genre = [[Balada romántica]], [[Musikang pop|pop]], [[Muzikang rock|rock]] | occupation = [[Mang-aawit]], [[kompositor]], [[prodyuser ng musika]] | years_active = 1964–2019 | label = [[Movieplay]]<br /> [[Ariola Records|Ariola]] <br /> [[BMG Rights Management|BMG]] <br /> [[Elica Records]]<br /> [[Universal Music Group|Universal]]<br /> [[Sony Music]] | website = {{URL|https://camilosestooficial.com}} }} Si '''Camilo Blanes Cortés''' (16 Setyembre 1946 – 8 Setyembre 2019), mas kilala sa kanyang pangalang masining na '''Camilo Sesto''', ay isang tanyag na mang-aawit, kompositor, at prodyuser ng musika mula sa Espanyol. ==Diskograpiya== '''Estudyo, mabuhay, remastered at kalipunan main album''' ==sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Mga mang-aawit mula sa Espanya]] f5wky2vak5ohtj0wicnhgzt5ynhohht 2210314 2210302 2026-06-04T06:04:59Z HF Active 162311 2210314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject Musicians --> | name = Camilo Sesto | image = Camilo Sesto.jpg | image_size = 240px | caption = 2017 | background = solo_singer | birth_name = Camilo Blanes Cortés | birth_date = {{Birth date|1946|9|16}} | birth_place = [[Alcoy]], [[Espanya]] | death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|9|8|1946|9|16}} | death_place = [[Madrid]], [[Espanya]] | genre = [[Balada romántica]], [[Musikang pop|pop]], [[Muzikang rock|rock]] | occupation = [[Mang-aawit]], [[kompositor]], [[prodyuser ng musika]] | years_active = 1964–2019 | label = [[Movieplay]]<br /> [[Ariola Records|Ariola]] <br /> [[BMG Rights Management|BMG]] <br /> [[Elica Records]]<br /> [[Universal Music Group|Universal]]<br /> [[Sony Music]] | website = {{URL|https://camilosestooficial.com}} }} Si '''Camilo Blanes Cortés''' (16 Setyembre 1946 – 8 Setyembre 2019), mas kilala sa kanyang pangalang masining na '''Camilo Sesto''', ay isang tanyag na mang-aawit, kompositor, at prodyuser ng musika mula sa Espanyol. Nakamit ng kanyang karera ang internasyonal na pagkilala noong 1970s at 1980s. Nagbenta siya ng higit sa 100 milyong mga rekord at nagkaroon ng 52 kanta na umabot sa numero uno sa iba't ibang bansa. Nagtanghal siya ng mga kanta sa Spanish, English, Italian, Portuguese, German, Valencian, at Japanese.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lafonoteca.net/grupo/camilo-sesto/ |title=Camilo Sesto - Biografía y Discos |author=Julián Molero |publisher=La Fonoteca |language=es |access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> Nagtrabaho siya bilang isang kompositor at producer para sa iba pang mga artista tulad nina Miguel Bosé, Ángela Carrasco, Lani Hall, José José, Lucía Méndez, bukod sa iba pa. Ang kanyang pamana sa musika ay kumalat salamat sa maraming bersyon na ginanap ng mga artista sa magkakaibang mga wika at genre. Pumanaw siya noong 8 Setyembre 2019 sa Madrid dahil sa cardiac arrest na may kaugnayan sa kidney failure.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/camilo-sesto-obituary-8529409/ |title=Camilo Sesto, Spanish Romantic Singer, Dies at 72 |author=Leila Cobo |work=Billboard |date=2019-09-07 |language=Ingles |access-date=2026-06-04}}</ref> Camilo Sesto Museum (2026): Sa kanyang testamento, ipinamana niya ang lahat ng kanyang mga personal na gamit at parangal para sa paglikha ng isang museo sa Alcoy. Ang espasyong ito ay maglalaman ng 2,000 bagay; ito ang magiging archive kung saan physically documented ang kanyang career.<ref>https://www.alcoi.org/es/portal/noticias2026/noticia_0108.html</ref> ==Diskograpiya== '''Estudyo, mabuhay, remastered at kalipunan main album''' === Mga Grupo === * 1964: ''[[Los Dayson]]'' * 1966: ''[[Los Botines]]'' === Mga Album === * 1970: ''[[Llegará el verano/Sin dirección]]'' * 1971: ''[[Algo de mí]]'' * 1972: ''[[Sólo un hombre]]'' * 1973: ''[[Algo más (album ni Camilo Sesto)|Algo más]]'' * 1974: ''[[Camilo (album)|Camilo]]'' * 1975: ''[[Amor libre (album)|Amor libre]]'' * 1975: ''[[Jesucristo Superstar (album ni Camilo Sesto)|Jesucristo Superstar]]'' * 1976: ''[[Memorias (album ni Camilo Sesto)|Memorias]]'' * 1976: ''[[Look in the eye]]'' * 1977: ''[[Rasgos (album ni Camilo Sesto)|Rasgos]]'' * 1977: ''[[Entre amigos (album ni Camilo Sesto)|Entre amigos]]'' * 1978: ''[[Sentimientos (album ni Camilo Sesto)|Sentimientos]]'' * 1979: ''[[Horas de amor (album)|Horas de amor]]'' * 1980: ''[[Amaneciendo]]'' * 1981: ''[[Más y más (album ni Camilo Sesto)|Más y más]]'' * 1982: ''[[Camilo (album sa Ingles)|Camilo]]'' (Sa Ingles) * 1982: ''[[Con ganas]]'' * 1984: ''[[Amanecer/84]]'' * 1985: ''[[Tuyo (album ni Camilo Sesto)|Tuyo]]'' * 1986: ''[[Agenda de baile]]'' * 1991: ''[[A voluntad del cielo]]'' * 1992: ''[[Huracán de amor]]'' * 1994: ''[[Amor sin vértigo]]'' * 2002: ''[[Alma (album ni Camilo Sesto)|Alma]]'' (Isabel Patton) * 2003: ''[[Alma (album ni Camilo Sesto)|Alma]]'' (Ikalawang edisyon) (Andrea Bronston) * 2010: ''[[Todo de mí]]'' (2 CD at DVD. Live noong Oktubre 1 at 2 sa Madrid) === Mga Kompilasyon === * 1982: ''[[Muy Personal (album ni Camilo Sesto)|Muy Personal]]'' * 1997: ''[[Camilo Superstar]]'' * 2004: ''[[Camilo Sesto Nº 1]]'' * 2005: ''[[Jesucristo Superstar (album ni Camilo Sesto)|Jesucristo Superstar]]'' (Edisyon ng Ika-30 Anibersaryo) * 2016: ''[[Camilo 70]]'' (Kompilasyong album, 70 taon ni Camilo Sesto) * 2018: ''[[Camilo Sinfónico]]'' * 2022: ''[[Camilo Forever]]'' * 2025: ''[[Camilo Love Sound Typhoon]]'' (Osaka '85 Sa konsyerto) ==Sanggunian== {{reflist}} [[Kategorya:Mga mang-aawit mula sa Espanya]] r17tdpv9jg7mlqimo739un18or810ym 0 338489 2210306 2026-06-04T05:17:14Z Jojit fb 38 Inilipat ni Jojit fb ang pahinang [[BCG vaccine]] sa [[Bakunang BCG]] 2210306 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bakunang BCG]] 3v9s47g16ryotrk9z13dsi53nelwpgu 0 338490 2210315 2026-06-04T06:08:22Z JakeGrins 150221 Inilikha sa pagsalin ng pahinang "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357444024|Kingdom Come: Deliverance II]]" 2210315 wikitext text/x-wiki Ang '''''Kingdom Come: Deliverance II''''' ay isang ''action [[:en:Role-playing_video_game|role-playing game]]'' (RPG) na ginawa ng [[:en:Warhorse_Studios|Warhorse Studios]] noong ika-4 ng Pebrero 2025. Karugtong lang ito sa unang laro na ''[[:en:Kingdom_Come:_Deliverance|Kingdom Come: Deliverance]]'' (2018) na inilabas din ng nasabing kompanya. Ang laro na ito ay pwedeng mailaro sa [[PlayStation 5]], [[:en:Xbox_Series_X_and_Series_S|Xbox Series X/S]], at sa [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]. [[Kategorya:Mga laro ng Windows]] [[Kategorya:Mga laro ng PlayStation 5]] [[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]] eguwdyqm45apeit2xzk74csumvky1rk 2210316 2210315 2026-06-04T06:12:59Z JakeGrins 150221 konting pagbabago, nilagyan ng game infobox sa Tagalog translation ng Wikipedia 2210316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ Infobox video game |title=Kingdom Come: Deliverance II |developer=Warhorse Studios |publisher=Deep Silver |director=Daniel Vávra |producer=Vojtěch Kovařič |designer={{ubl|Viktor Bocan|Prokop Jirsa}} |programmer=Martin Štýs |artist=Viktor Höschl |writer=Daniel Vávra |composer={{ubl|Jan Valta|Adam Sporka}} |engine=[[CryEngine]] |platforms={{ubl|[[PlayStation 5]]|[[Windows]]|[[:en:Xbox_Series_X_and_Series_S|Xbox Series X/S]]|}} |released=4 Pebrero 2025 }} Ang '''''Kingdom Come: Deliverance II''''' ay isang ''action [[:en:Role-playing_video_game|role-playing game]]'' (RPG) na ginawa ng [[:en:Warhorse_Studios|Warhorse Studios]] noong ika-4 ng Pebrero 2025. Karugtong lang ito sa unang laro na ''[[:en:Kingdom_Come:_Deliverance|Kingdom Come: Deliverance]]'' (2018) na inilabas din ng nasabing kompanya. Ang laro na ito ay pwedeng mailaro sa [[PlayStation 5]], [[:en:Xbox_Series_X_and_Series_S|Xbox Series X/S]], at sa [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]. [[Kategorya:Mga laro ng Windows]] [[Kategorya:Mga laro ng PlayStation 5]] [[Kategorya:Mga artikulo na may maikling paglalarawan]] ne3zgc4dnuil2lwyvblc91lu1tscv7m