Botswana

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    <title>Botswana</title>
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{{Infobox country
| conventional_long_name                = Botswana
| common_name                = Botswana
| native_name                = Lefatshe ja Botswana ([[Setswana]])&lt;br/&gt;Republic of Botswana ([[Sekgoa]])
| image_flag                = Flag of Botswana.svg
| image_coat                = Coat of arms of Botswana.svg
| national_motto                = {{native phrase|tn|Pula|paren=no}}&lt;br /&gt;
| national_anthem                = {{native phrase|tn|[[Fatshe leno la rona]]|paren=no}}&lt;br /&gt;{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:United States Navy Band - Fatshe leno la rona.ogg]]}}
| image_map                = {{Switcher|[[File: Botswana (centered orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:Location Botswana AU Africa.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Africa|default=1}}
| map_caption                = 
| capital                = [[Gaborone]]
| coordinates                = {{Coord|24|39.5|S|25|54.5|E|type:city|display=inline}}
| largest_city                = capital
| official_languages                = [[Sekgoa]]&lt;ref name=&quot;gov.bw languages&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=About Our Country |url=https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country |access-date=2022-04-17 |website=Gov.bw |quote=Botswana has a number of tribes across the country, collectively known as Batswana. The official language is English and Setswana is the national language, although there are other spoken languages.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| languages_type                = Diteme Bosetšhaba
| languages                = [[Setswana]]&lt;ref name=&quot;gov.bw languages&quot; /&gt;
| ethnic_groups                = {{Unbulleted list|79% [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] |9% [[Batho ba letso la Kalanga|Kalanga]] |3% [[Basarwa|Barwa]] |9% Ba bangwe {{small|(go akaretsa [[Kgalagadi language|Bakgalagadi]], [[Indians in Botswana|Makula]], le [[White people in Botswana|Makgoa]])}}}}
| ethnic_groups_year                = 2012
| religion                = {{Unbulleted list|73%
 [[Christianity in Botswana|Sekerêsete]] |—66% [[Protestantism]] |—7% Other [[Christian]] |20% [[Irreligion in Botswana|Basenatumelo]] |6% [[African traditional religion|Traditional faiths]] |1% Tsê dingwe{{efn|Including [[Baháʼí Faith in Botswana|Baháʼí]], [[Hinduism in Botswana|Hindu]], and [[Islam in Botswana|Seinêêdi]].&lt;ref name=pew/&gt;}}}}
| demonym                = {{Unbulleted list|Batswana |Motswana }}
| government_type                = [[Unitary state|Unitary]] [[Dominant-party system|dominant-party]] [[List of countries by system of government#Parliamentary republics with an executive presidency|parliamentary republic with an executive presidency]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Africa :: Botswana – The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ |website=www.cia.gov |access-date=17 December 2019 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109202201/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Selolwane |first1=Onalenna |title=Monopoly Politikos: How Botswana's Opposition Parties Have Helped Sustain One-Party Dominance |journal=African Sociological Review |date=2002 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=68–90 |doi=10.4314/asr.v6i1.23203 |jstor=24487673 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| leader_title1                = [[Tautona wa Botswana|Tautona]]
| leader_name1                = [[Duma Boko]]
| leader_title2                = [[Mothusa Tautona wa Botswana|Mothusa Tautona]]
| leader_name2                = [[Ndaba Gaolathe]]
| leader_title3                = [[Motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente ya Botswana|Motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente]]
| leader_name3                = [[Dithapelo Keorapetse]]
| legislature                = [[Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana|Khudutlhamaga]]
| sovereignty_type                = Boipuso
| sovereignty_note                = go tswa [[Bogosi jo bo Kopaneng]]
| established_event1                = Established ([[Molaomotheo wa Botswana|Molaomotheo]])
| established_date1                = 30 Lwêtse 1966
| area_km2                = 581,730
| area_rank                = 47th &lt;!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --&gt;
| area_sq_mi                = 224,610 &lt;!--Do not remove per [[WP:MOSNUM]]--&gt;
| area_footnote                = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite report|url = http://www.fao.org/3/a-az171e.pdf | publisher = United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization | website = fao.org | title = Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 – Country Report – Botswana | page = 9 | date = 2015 | quote = Total Country Area ('000)ha / 58 173 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;!-- 58,173,000 hectares is 581,730 km2 --&gt;
| percent_water                = 2.7
| population_estimate                = {{UN_Population|Botswana}}{{UN_Population|ref}}
| population_census                = 2,346,179&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Statistics Botswana |date=May 2022 |title=2022 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS PRELIMINARY RESULTS V2 |url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/census_documents/2022%20Population%20and%20Housing%20Census%20Preliminary%20Results.pdf |access-date=2 July 2022 |website=Statistics Botswana}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| population_estimate_year                = {{UN_Population|Year}}
| population_estimate_rank                = 145th
| population_census_year                = 2022
| population_density_km2                = 4.1
| population_density_sq_mi                = 10.62
| population_density_rank                = 231st
| GDP_PPP                = $43.474 billion&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2021gdp&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=IMF Country Specific Data |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2021/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2019&amp;ey=2019&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;pr1.x=67&amp;pr1.y=3&amp;c=616&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |access-date=10 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_PPP_year                = 2022
| GDP_PPP_rank                = 120
| GDP_PPP_per_capita                = $19,287&lt;ref name=imf2021gdp/&gt;
| GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank                = 99
| GDP_nominal                = $16.948 billion&lt;ref name=imf2021gdp/&gt;
| GDP_nominal_year                = 2022
| GDP_nominal_rank                = 120
| GDP_nominal_per_capita                = $7,519&lt;ref name=&quot;imf2019gdp&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=IMF Country Specific Data |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2019&amp;ey=2019&amp;scsm=1&amp;ssd=1&amp;sort=country&amp;ds=.&amp;br=1&amp;pr1.x=67&amp;pr1.y=3&amp;c=616&amp;s=NGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC&amp;grp=0&amp;a= |access-date=10 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank                = 101
| Gini                = 53.3
| Gini_year                = 2015
| Gini_change                = decrease &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| Gini_ref                = &lt;ref name=&quot;WBgini&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url= https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW |title= GINI index (World Bank estimate) |publisher= World Bank |access-date= 20 April 2019 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171213083923/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BW |archive-date= 13 December 2017 |url-status= live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| Gini_rank                = 
| HDI                = 0.735&lt;!--number only, between 0 and 1--&gt;
| HDI_year                = 2019&lt;!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--&gt;
| HDI_change                = increase &lt;!--increase/decrease/steady--&gt;
| HDI_ref                = &lt;ref name=&quot;UNHDR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2020.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2020|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=15 December 2020|access-date=15 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| HDI_rank                = 100th
| currency                = [[Botswana pula|Pula]]
| currency_code                = BWP
| time_zone                = [[Central Africa Time]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.elaws.gov.bw/desplaylrpage1.php?id=1399|last=Chapter: 01:04|title=Interpretation Act 1984 (§40(1))|date=20 July 1984|access-date=11 September 2020|archive-date=28 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328201053/http://www.elaws.gov.bw/desplaylrpage1.php?id=1399|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| utc_offset                = +2
| utc_offset_DST                = 
| time_zone_DST                = 
| date_format                = yyyy-mm-dd&lt;br /&gt;dd/mm/yyyy&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;
| drives_on                = left
| calling_code                = [[+267]]
| cctld                = [[.bw]]
| official_website                = [http://www.gov.bw/ http://www.gov.bw/]
| footnote_a                = 
}}

Lefatshe la '''Botswana''' le kwa borwa jwa [[Aforika]], ke lefatshe le le dikaganyeditsweng ke a mangwe, ka jalo ga le a bapa le lewatle. Botswana e sephaphathi go ya ka lefatshe, ka bokana ka 70% ya kgaolo ya yone e le karolo ya [[Sekaka sa Kalahari]]. Pele ga le tsaya boipusô ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhôla malatsi ale masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 1966 ko go ''Enyelane,'' le ne le bidiwa [[Bechuanaland]]. Lefatshe la Botswana le dikaganyeditswe ke la [[Aforika Borwa]] kwa borwa-botlhaba go fitlha kwa borwa-bophirima, [[Namibia]] kwa bophirima, [[Zambia]] kwa bokône le [[Zimbabwe]] kwa bokône-botlhaba. Ka palo ya batho e sa fetang didikadike di le 2.4 go sekae,e bile le ka lekanngwa le lefatshe le Fora ka bophara, Botswana ke nngwe ya mafatshe a a  nang le batho ba le mmalwa thata mo lefatsheng.Ke puso-setšhaba ya batho ba Batswana, ba ba bopang mo e ka nnang 80% ya baagi. Lefatshe lê lê bidiwa Botswana, le rêêlelwa ka banni ba bantsi ba lône eleng Batswana ka letsô.

Setlhopha sa morafe wa BaTswana se tswa thata mo [[bathong ba ba buang Se-Bantu]] ba ba neng [[ba fudugela kwa borwa jwa Aforika]], go akaretsa le Botswana wa segompieno, ka makhubu a le mmalwa pele ga [[AD]] 600. Ka 1885, [[Maesemane]] a ne a dira lefelo leno kolone mme a itsise gore ke lefelo le le sirelediwang le le bidiwang [[Bechuanaland]]. Jaaka karolo ya [[go tlosa bokolone mo Aforika]], Bechuanaland e ne ya nna [[rephaboliki e e ikemetseng ya Mafatshe a Selekane]] ka fa tlase ga leina la yone la ga jaana ka Lwetse a le masome mararo ka 1966. Fa e sa le ka nako eo, e nnile [[rephaboliki ya palamente]] e e nang le rekoto e e tlhomameng ya [[Ditlhopho mo Botswana|ditlhopho]] tsa batho ka batho tse di sa kgaotseng, le fa e ne di sekametse ka fa go [[Botswana Democratic Party]] go fitlha ka [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa 2024|2024]]. E sale ka 2024, Botswana ke lone lefatshe le tshenyetso setshaba e leng kwa tlase mo go lone mo nagengkgolo ya Aforika go ya ka [[Corruptions Perceptions Index]] e e gatisitsweng ke [[Transparency International]].

Itsholelo ya Botswana ka kakaretso e itemogetse kgolo e e tsepameng fa e sale e tsaya boipuso. E laolwa ke [[Bojanala jwa lefatshe la Botswana|bojanala]] le [[meepo]]; Lefatshe la Botswana le ntsha diteemane tse dintsi go gaisa mafatshe ape fela. [[Letseno lotlhe lwa yone lwa bosetšhaba ka tlhogo]] ([[tekatekano ya maatla a go reka]]) lo lo ka nnang $20,158 go tloga ka 2024 (ka diphopholetso dingwe ke lwa bone ka bogolo mo Aforika) lo naya lefatshe leno [[maemo a a kwa godimo a botshelo]] le [[Human Development Index]] ya bobedi e e kwa godimo ya kontinente ya [[Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara]], morago ga Aforika Borwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, Botswana o tsweletse ka go lwantshana le dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa letlhoko la ditiro. Lefatshe la Botswana ke leloko la  Southern African Customs Union, Southern African Development Community, Mafatshe a Selekane le Lekgotla la Ditshaba.

Pina ya setshaba ya Botswana ke [[fatshe leno la rona|fatshe lêno la rona]], ê e tlhamilwêng ke [[Rre K T Motsete]]. Madi a a dirisiwang kwa Botswana ke [[Pula]].

Botswana ke lefatshe lê lê farologanyeng le mafatshe a mangwê mo Aforika. Morago ga pusô ya Enyelane, Botswana o ne a tsaya boipusô ka di-30 tsa Lwetse 1966. Morago ga boipusô, lefatshe ja Botswana le ne la dirisanya mmôgô le pusô ya Enyelane go itlhabolola. Babusi ba Botswana ka nakô êo ba ne ba leka ka bojotlhê go ntsha Botswana mo tlalêng. Tomokoraga e nê ya busa lefatshe jêno e êtêlêtswe pele ke Serêtsê Khama, tautona wa ntlha wa Botswana.

Gompiêno Botswana ke lengwe la mafatshe a a tlhabologang ka bofêfo mô lefatshing ka bophara. Ntswa mafatshe a mangwê mo Aforika a tshwênngwa ke tlala le tsê dingwe jaaka dintwa le tsiêtsôsetshaba, Botswana e sa e kgôna go fênya mmaba mô e bileng e bilêng sekai mo Aforika.

== Tlhamo ya lefoko ==
Leina la lefatshe le le kaya &quot;Lefatshe la [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Motswana]]&quot;, go kaya morafe o o leng montsi mo Botswana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230221181327/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana &quot;Botswana&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_World_Factbook|The World Factbook]]'' (2025 ed.). [[:en:Central_Intelligence_Agency|Central Intelligence Agency]]. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20251117191406/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/download/factbook-2007.zip Archived 2007 edition].)&lt;/ref&gt; Molaomotheo wa Botswana o amogela puso ya Tswana e e tshwanang.&lt;ref&gt;Monaka, Kemmonye Collete; Chebanne, Anderson Monthusi (2019). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/26907070 &quot;Setswana and the Building of a Nation State&quot;]. ''Anthropological Linguistics''. '''61''' (1): 75–93. ISSN 0003-5483. JSTOR 26907070. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Leina la [[demonym]] la ''Batswana'' le ne le dirisiwa mo Batswaneng kwa tshimologong,&lt;ref&gt;Bolaane, Maitseo; Mgadla, Part Themba (1997). ''[[iarchive:batswana00bola|Batswana]]''. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 1. ISBN 9780823920082.&lt;/ref&gt; mme gape le simolotse go dirisiwa ka kakaretso jaaka lereo la baagi botlhe ba Botswana.&lt;ref&gt;[http://voicesofafrica.co.za/botswanan-batswana-its-complicated/ &quot;Botswanan or Batswana? It's complicated – Voices of Africa&quot;]. Voices of Africa. 17 August 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180106231817/http://voicesofafrica.co.za/botswanan-batswana-its-complicated/ Archived] from the original on 6 January 2018. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Setswana, ''Batswana'' ka thutapuo ke bontsi; sebopego sa yone sa bongwe, se se ka rayang leloko le le lengwe la Motswana kgotsa moagi a le mongwe fela wa Botswana, ke ''Motswana''.

== Ditso ==

=== Pele ga ditso ===
Go fopholediwa gore di-hominid di ne di nna mo Botswana ka nako ya [[Pleistocene]].&lt;ref&gt;Pickford, Martin; Mein, Pierre; Senut, Brigitte (1 April 1994). [https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/AJA00382353_5386 &quot;Fossiliferous Neogene karst fillings in Angola, Botswana and Namibia&quot;]. ''South African Journal of Science''. '''90''' (4): 227–230. [[:en:Hdl_(identifier)|hdl]]:[[hdl:10520/AJA00382353_5386|10520/AJA00382353_5386]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240417201733/https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/AJA00382353_5386 Archived] from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Didiriswa tsa matlapa le masalela a diphologolo di supa gore mafelo otlhe a lefatshe a ne a agilwe bonnye dingwaga di le dikete tse makgolo a mane tse di fetileng.&lt;ref&gt;Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff; Mgadla, Part Themba (2008). ''Historical dictionary of Botswana''. Historical dictionaries of Africa (4th ed.). Lanham (Md.): the Scarecrow press. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-8108-5467-3.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Two Rhino.jpg|left|thumb|215x215px|Setshwantsho sa 'Ditshukudu Tse Pedi' kwa [[Tsodilo]], [[lefelo la UNESCO la ditso]]]]
Go ne go bolelwa fa e le lefelo la botsalo jwa batho botlhe ba segompieno go tswa dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse makgolo a mabedi tse di fetileng.&lt;ref&gt;Chan, Eva KF; [[:en:Axel_Timmermann|Timmermann, Axel]]; Baldi, Benedetta F.; Moore, Andy E.; Lyons, Ruth J.; Lee, Sun-Seon; Kalsbeek, Anton MF; Petersen, Desiree C.; Rautenbach, Hannes; Förtsch, Hagen EA; Bornman, MS Riana; Hayes, Vanessa M. (28 October 2019). [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1714-1 &quot;Human origins in a southern African palaeo-wetland and first migrations&quot;]. ''Nature''. '''575''' (7781). Nature Research: 185–189. Bibcode:2019Natur.575..185C. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1714-1. &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 31659339&lt;/nowiki&gt;. S2CID 204946938. Archived from the original on 29 October 2019. Retrieved&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-50210701 &quot;Origin of modern humans 'traced to Botswana'&quot;]. [[:en:BBC|BBC]]. 28 October 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240415020902/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-50210701 Archived] from the original on 15 April 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/10/29/ancestral-homeland-of-modern-humans-in-botswana-study-finds &quot;Ancestral homeland of modern humans in Botswana, study finds&quot;]. Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Bosupi jo bo tlogetsweng ke batho ba segompieno, jaaka ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo logageng, bo na le dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a supa le boraro.&lt;ref&gt;Staurset, S.; Coulson, S. (2014). &quot;Sub-surface movement of stone artefacts at White Paintings Shelter, Tsodilo Hills, Botswana: Implications for the Middle Stone Age chronology of central southern Africa&quot;. ''Journal of Human Evolution''. '''75''': 153–165. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JHumE..75..153S 2014JHumE..75..153S]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.04.006|10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.04.006]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24953669 24953669].&lt;/ref&gt; Baagi ba ntlha ba ba itsegeng ba borwa jwa Aforika go akanngwa gore e ne e le bagolwagolwane ba batho ba gompieno ba [[San]] (&quot;Bushmen&quot;) le ba [[Khoi]]. Ditlhopha tseno ka bobedi di bua [[dipuo tsa click]] go tswa mo malwapeng a mannye a dipuo tsa [[Khoe-Kwadi]], [[Kx’a]] le [[Tuu]] tse maloko a tsone a neng a tsoma, a phutha le go gweba mo dikgaolong tse di telele. Fa dikgomo di ne di tsenngwa la ntlha mo borwa jwa Aforika dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse padi tse di fetileng, bodisa bo ne jwa nna karolo e kgolo ya itsholelo ka kgaolo e ne e na le mabala a magolo a bojang a a senang [[dintsi tsa tsetse]].&lt;ref&gt;Wilmsen, Edwin N. (1992). ''Land filled with flies: a political economy of the Kalahari'' (2nd pr ed.). Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. pp. 71–5. ISBN 978-0-226-90015-5.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Domboshaba stone wall 3.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Lebota la matlapa la Domboshaba la boraro]]
[[Setshwantsho:The plate that was used in the past at Domboshaba monument.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Sejana se se neng se dirisiwa mo nakong e e fetileng kwa sefikantsweng sa Domboshaba. Dijana tse di ne di dirilwe ka maje.]]
Ga go tlhaloganyesege gore [[batho ba ba buang Se-Bantu]] ba ne ba fudugela leng la ntlha mo nageng go tswa kwa bokone, le fa AD 600 e lebega e le phopholetso ya tumalano. Mo motlheng oo, bagolwagolwane ba Kalanga ya segompieno ba ne ba fudugela kwa lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang bokone-botlhaba jwa lefatshe. Ba-proto-Kalanga bano ba ne ba golagantswe thata le dinaga kwa Zimbabwe gammogo le kgaolo ya Mapungubwe. Masalela a le mangwe a a tlhomologileng a paka e ke marope a [[Domboshaba]], lefelo la setso le boswa mo Botswana le le neng la nna mo go lone kwa tshimologong go ela kwa bokhutlong jwa paka e Kgolo ya Zimbabwe (1250–1450), ka mabota a matlapa a a nang le bogodimo jo bo magareng jwa dimitara di le 1.8. Lefelo le ke lefelo le le tlotliwang ke batho ba ba nnang mo kgaolong eo, mme go dumelwa fa kgosi e ne e nna kwa godimo ga thaba le bathusi kgotsa bathusi ba gagwe. Mafelo ano, a a leng kwa ntle ga melelwane ya Botswana ya ga jaana, go lebega a ne a na le metlhape e megolo ya dikgomo—go lebega e le ka dipalo tse di atamelang kitlano ya dikgomo tsa segompieno—mo lefelong le jaanong e leng Kgaolo ya Legare.&lt;ref&gt;Denbow, James (1986). &quot;A New Look at the Later Prehistory of the Kalahari&quot;. ''The Journal of African History''. '''27''' (1): 15. doi:[[doi:10.1017/S0021853700029170|10.1017/S0021853700029170]]. JSTOR 181334. S2CID 163079138&lt;/ref&gt; Moago ono o mogolo wa go rua dikgomo o ne wa atlega go fitlha ka 1300 mme go lebega o ne wa boela morago morago ga go phutlhama ga Mapungubwe. Mo pakeng eo, ditlhopha tsa ntlha tse di buang Setswana, [[Bakgalagadi]], di ne tsa fudugela kwa dikgaolong tse di kwa borwa jwa [[Sekaka sa Kalahari|Kalahari]]. Batho ba ba farologaneng bao ba ne ba golagantswe le ditsela tsa kgwebo tse di neng di feta ka [[Noka ya Limpopo]] go ya kwa Lewatleng la India. Dithoto tsa kgwebo go tswa kwa Asia jaaka dibaga di ne tsa tsena mo Botswana, go ka direga thata gore di ne di ananngwa ka lenaka la tlou, gauta le [[lenaka la tshukudu]].&lt;ref&gt;Denbow, James; Klehm, Carla; Dussubieux, Laure (April 2015). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/glass-beads-of-kaitshaa-and-early-indian-ocean-trade-into-the-far-interior-of-southern-africa/9BB659F4DA38A560EF64C4E8E3F49AFA &quot;The glass beads of Kaitshàa and early Indian Ocean trade into the far hinterland of southern Africa&quot;]. ''Antiquity''. '''89''' (344): 361–377. doi:10.15184/aqy.2014.50. ISSN 0003-598X. S2CID 161212483. Archived from the original on 24 May 2019. Retrieved  13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Matlha a radio-carbon a bonno jwa [[Thaba ya Toutswemogala]] Iron Age a simolola ka ngwagakgolo wa bosupa go ya kwa bokhutlong jwa bo lesome le boferabongwe, se se supang gore go ne go nniwa mo go one dingwaga di feta sekete.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1340/ &quot;Toutswemogala Hill Iron Age Settlement&quot;]. [[:en:UNESCO_World_Heritage_Centre|UNESCO World Heritage Centre]]. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Thaba e ne e le karolo ya go tlhamiwa ga mafatshe a ntlha mo borwa jwa Aforika, ka dikgomo jaaka motswedi o mogolo wa itsholelo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Bonno jwa Toutswe bo akaretsa bodilo jwa matlo, dithotobolo tse dikgolo tsa boloko jwa kgomo jo bo dirilweng ka galase, le diphitlho fa sebopego se se kokomogileng e le lobota lwa matlapa.&lt;ref&gt;Dichaba, Tsholofelo Sele (2009). [https://repository.rice.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/9b50f2c1-a371-4c9b-9baa-0f80c353ecbf/content &quot;From Monuments to Cultural Landscapes&quot;]. ''Rethinking Heritage Management in Botswana''. [[:en:Rice_University|Rice University]]: 42.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 1000 AD, batho ba Toutswe ba ne ba fudugela kwa Botswana.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.eskom.co.za/eia/tx/wp-content/uploads/migrated/MahikengIsang/DEIR-Appendicies/Ann-G-Specialist-Reports-2/G_5a.%20AIA%20Botswana%20Component.pdf Archaeological impact assessment for the Bosa transmission line project from Theisang substation to the Tlokweng border post in the South Eastern and Kgatleng districts of Botswana] (PDF). ''[[:en:Eskom|Eskom]].com'' (Report). Lentswe Archaeological Consultants. 2017. p. 10.&lt;/ref&gt;

Le fa go ntse jalo, temothuo le yone e nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo botshelong jo boleele jwa tiro e e atolositsweng ya Toutswemogala Hill, ka ge dibopego tse dintsi tsa polokelo ya dijo le tsone di fitlhetswe mo lefelong leo. Dikarolo tse dintsi tse di farologaneng tsa bodilo jwa matlo di ile tsa bontsha gape go nna ga batho foo makgolokgolo a dingwaga. Go goroga ga bagolwagolwane ba babui ba Setswana ba ba neng ba tla go laola kgaolo go santse go tshwanetse ga bewa letlha ka tlhomamo. Maloko a [[Bakwena]], bogosi ka fa tlase ga moeteledipele yo o bidiwang Kgabo II, ba ne ba dira tsela ya bone go tsena mo Kalahari e e kwa borwa ka AD 1500 moragonyana, mme batho ba gagwe ba ne ba lelekela baagi ba Bakgalagadi kwa bophirima go tsena mo sekakeng. Fa dingwaga di ntse di feta, makala a le mmalwa a [[Bakwena]] a ne a fudugela kwa mafelong a a mabapi. [[Bangwaketse]] ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a kwa bophirima, fa [[Bangwato]] ba ne ba fudugela kwa bokone botlhaba kwa mafelong a pele a Kalanga.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:David_Magang|Magang, David]] (2008). ''The Magic of Perseverance: The Autobiography of David Magang''. Cape Town: Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society. pp. 10–14. ISBN 978-1-920287-70-2.&lt;/ref&gt; E se kgale morago ga moo, lekala la Bangwato le le neng le itsege jaaka Batawana le ne la fudugela kwa [[Okavango|Okavango Delta]], gongwe ka dingwaga tsa bo 1790.&lt;ref&gt;Tlou, T. (1974). &quot;The Nature of Batswana States: Towards a Theory of Batswana Traditional Government – The Batawana Case&quot;. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''6''': 57–75. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0525-5090 0525-5090]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40959210 40959210].&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mfecane le Dintwa tsa Batswana le Maburu ===
[[Setshwantsho:Kapstaaten 1905.png|left|thumb|213x213px|Mmepe wa Jeremane wa Aforika Borwa wa 1905, o o bontshang lefelo le le sa ntseng le sa kgaoganngwa la [[Bechuanaland]].]]
Dikwalo tsa ntlha tse di amanang le Botswana wa segompieno di tlhagelela ka ngwaga wa 1824. Dikwalo tse di supa fa Bangwaketse ba ne ba fetogile mmuso o o renang mo kgaolong eo. Ka fa tlase ga puso ya ga Makaba II, Bangwaketse ba ne ba rua metlhape e megolo ya dikgomo mo mafelong a sekaka a a sireleditsweng sentle, mme ba dirisa bokgoni jwa bone jwa sesole go tlhasela baagisani ba bone.&lt;ref&gt;Morton, Fred. [https://www.academia.edu/11134264 &quot;The Rise of a Raiding State: Makaba II's Ngwaketse, 1780–1824&quot;]. pp. 5–9. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200816031919/https://www.academia.edu/11134264/The_Rise_of_a_Raiding_State_Makaba_IIs_Ngwaketse_1780_1824 Archived] from the original on 16 August 2020. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka nako e, dikgosi tse dingwe mo lefelong leo di ne di na le diroto di le dikete tse lesome kgotsa go feta mme di ne di atlegile thata.&lt;ref&gt;Morton, B. (1993). &quot;Pre-1904 Population Estimates of the Tswana&quot;. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''25''': 89–99. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40979984 40979984].&lt;/ref&gt; Tekatekano eno e ne ya tla kwa bokhutlong ka nako ya [[Mfecane]] (1823–1843) fa tatelano ya batho ba ba tlhaselang go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa e ne e tsena mo lefatsheng. Le fa Bangwaketse ba ne ba kgona go fenya [[Bakololo]] ba ba neng ba tlhasetse ka ngwaga wa 1826, fa nako e ntse e tsamaya dikgosi tsotlhe tse dikgolo mo Botswana tsa tlhaselwa, tsa koafadiwa le go humanega. Bakololo le [[AmaNdebele]] ba ne ba tlhasela gangwe le gape mme ba tsaya dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa dikgomo, basadi le bana go tswa mo Batswaneng – bontsi jwa bone ba ne ba kgweelediwa kwa sekakeng kgotsa kwa mafelong a botshabelo jaaka ditlhoa tsa dithaba le magaga. Ke fela morago ga 1843, fa Ba-Amandebele ba ne ba fudugela kwa bophirima jwa Zimbabwe, fa matshosetsi ano a ne a kokobela.&lt;ref&gt;Morton, Barry (14 January 2009). &quot;The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880&quot;. ''South African Historical Journal''. '''36''': 220–239. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/02582479708671276|10.1080/02582479708671276]]&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Sechele Gustav Fritsch 1865.jpg|thumb|214x214px|[[Setshele I|Sechele I]], yo o neng a eteletse pele Mokgatlho wa Merafe ya Batswana  kgatlhanong le [[Maburu]] ka 1852]]
Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1840 le bo 1850, kgwebisano le bagwebi ba ba neng ba le kwa [[Cape Colony]] e ne ya bulega mme ya kgontsha magosi a [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] go aga sesha. [[Bakwena]], Bangwaketse, Bangwato le Batawana ba ne ba dirisana mmogo go laola kgwebo ya lonaka lwa tlou e e neng e dira madi a mantsi mme ba dirisa madi ao go reka dipitse le ditlhobolo kwa ntle, mme seo se ne sa dira gore ba kgone go tlhoma taolo mo lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang Botswana. Thulaganyo e e ne e weditswe ka bontsi ka 1880, mme ka jalo Batswana ba ne ba fenya Basarwa, Kalanga, Bakgalagadi le batho ba bangwe ba ba kwa tlase ba ga jaana.&lt;ref&gt;Morton, Barry (1997). &quot;The Hunting Trade and the Reconstruction of Northern Tswana Societies after the Difaqane, 1838–1880&quot;. ''South African Historical Journal''. '''36''': 220–239. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/02582479708671276|10.1080/02582479708671276]].&lt;/ref&gt;

Morago ga [[Loeto lo logolo]], [[MaAfrikanere]] go tswa kwa Koloning ya Kapa ba ne ba itlhoma mo melelwaneng ya Botswana kwa [[Teransefala]]. Ka 1852, kopano ya dikgosi tsa [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] e e neng e eteletswe pele ke [[Setshele I|Sechele I]] e ne ya fenya ditlhaselo tsa Maaforika kwa [[Ntwa ya Dimawe|Ntweng ya Dimawe]] mme, morago ga dingwaga di ka nna robedi tsa dikgotlhang le dintwa tse di neng di kgaotsa, kwa bofelong ba ne ba fitlhelela tumalano ya kagiso kwa [[Potchefstroom]] ka 1860. Go tloga ka nako eo, molelwane wa Botswana le wa Aforika Borwa wa gompieno o ne wa dumalanwa, mme maAfrikanere le Batswana ba ne ba gweba le go dira mmogo ka kagiso.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:David_Magang|Magang, David]] (2008). ''The Magic of Perseverance: The Autobiography of David Magang''. Cape Town: Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society. pp. 28–38. ISBN 978-1-920287-70-2.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Ramsay, J. (1991). &quot;The Botswana-Boer War of 1852–53: How the Batswana Achieved Victory&quot;. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''23''': 193–208. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40980851 40980851].&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 1884, Batawana, mophato wa dipitse wa lotso lwa BaTswana o o neng o le kwa bokone o o neng o eteletswe pele ke Kgosi Moremi, o ne wa lwa le go fenya tlhaselo ya MaNdebele kwa bokone jwa Botswana kwa [[Ntwa ya Khutiyabasadi|Ntweng ya Khutiyabasadi]]. Se e ne e le tshimologo ya go phutlhama ga Bogosi jwa Ndebele kwa Zimbabwe, mme bo ne jwa thusa bolaodi jo bo buang Setswana.&lt;ref&gt;Ramsay, Jeff. [http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=72905&amp;dir=2017/november/06 &quot;The Guns of Khutiyabasadi (II)&quot;]. ''[[:en:Mmegi|Mmegi]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201124091704/https://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=72905&amp;dir=2017/november/06 Archived] from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ntlha ya maemo a masha a kagiso, kgwebo e ne ya atlega fa gare ga 1860 le 1880. [[Barongwa]] ba Bakeresete ba ne ba kgona go dirisa seo thata. [[Balutere]] le [[Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa London]] ka bobedi ba ne ba tlhongwa mo lefatsheng ka 1856. Ka 1880, motse mongwe le mongwe o mogolo o ne o na le morongwa yo o nnang mo go one, mme tlhotlheletso ya bone e ne ya gola ka iketlo. [[Khama III]], yo o neng a busa go tloga ka 1875 go fitlha ka 1923, e ne e le wa ntlha mo dikgosing tsa Batswana go dira Bokeresete bodumedi jwa puso, mme molao o mogolo wa setso sa Batswana o ne wa fetoga ka ntlha ya seo. Bokeresete bo ne jwa nna bodumedi jwa semmuso mo dikgosing tsotlhe ka [[Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya Ntlha]].&lt;ref&gt;Landau, Paul Stuart (1995). ''The Realm of the Word: Language, Gender, and Christianity in the Southern African Kingdom''. Portsmouth (N.H.) London Cape Town (South Africa): James Currey. ISBN 0-435-08963-3.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bokolone ===
[[Setshwantsho:Dikgosis on the 3 dikgosi monument.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Dikgosi tsa Bechuanaland kwa Lontone. Ka fa molemeng: w:[[Kgosi Sebele I|Sebele I]]; Bogare: w:[[Bathoen I]]; Ka fa mojeng: w:[[Khama III]].]]
[[Setshwantsho:1960 6d Bechuanaland Protectorate stamp.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Setempe sa 1960 sa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland.]]
Ka nako ya [[Go Kgaratlhela Aforika]], [[Mmusomogolo wa Jeremane]] le Borithane ka bobedi di ne di eletsa kgaolo ya Botswana. Ka nako ya [[Bokopano jwa kwa Berlin]], Borithane e ne ya swetsa go tsenya Botswana go sireletsa Tsela e e yang kwa Bokone mme ka jalo e golaganye Koloni ya Kapa le mafelo a yona a a kwa bokone go ya pele. E ne ya gapa dikgaolo tsa Tswana ka letlhakore le le lengwe ka Firikgong 1885 mme morago ga moo ya romela [[Warren Expedition]] kwa bokone go tiisa taolo mo kgaolong le go tlhatswa dikgosi pelo go amogela taolo ya Borithane. Le fa ba ne ba belaela, ba ne ba feleletsa ba dumalana le ''fait accompli'' e.&lt;ref&gt;Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff. [https://www.academia.edu/15645705 &quot;The Invention and Perpetuation of Botswana's National Mythology, 1885–1966&quot;]. pp. 4–7. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025 – via academia.edu.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006).&quot; (from T.E. Malebeswa (2020): ''Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects'')&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 1890, mafelo a a kwa bokone jwa didikirii di le masome mabedi le bobedi a ne a okediwa mo Tshireletsong e ntšhwa ya Bechuanaland. Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1890, kgaolo e ntsha e ne ya kgaoganngwa ka dipolokelo tse robedi tse di farologaneng, ka lefatshe le lennye le le lekaneng le le neng la tlogelwa jaaka lefatshe le le gololesegileng la baagi ba basweu. Mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1890, puso ya Borithane e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go neela Bechuanaland Protectorate go [[Kompone ya Borithane ya Aforika Borwa]]. Leano le, le le neng le le mo tseleng ya go ungwa le fa baeteledipele ba Batswana ba ne ba kopa ba ba neng ba etela Enyelane go ipelaetsa, le ne la feleletsa le sentswe ke go palelwa ga [[Jameson Raid]] ka Firikgong 1896.&lt;ref&gt;Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff. [https://www.academia.edu/15645705 &quot;The Invention and Perpetuation of Botswana's National Mythology, 1885–1966&quot;]. pp. 7–11. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211028165308/https://www.academia.edu/15645705 Archived] from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025 – via academia.edu.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Parsons, Neil (3 February 1998). ''King Khama, Emperor Joe, and the Great White Queen: Victorian Britain Through African Eyes''. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-64745-6.&lt;/ref&gt;

Fa [[Kopano ya Aforika Borwa]] e ne e tlhamiwa go tswa mo dikoloning tse dikgolo tsa Borithane mo kgaolong e ka 1910, Dikgaolo tsa Khomišene e e Kwa Godimo—Bechuanaland Protectorate, [[Basutoland]] (e jaanong e bidiwang [[Lesotho]]) le [[Swaziland]] (e jaanong e leng [[Eswatini]])—di ne di sa akarediwe, mme go ne ga dirwa thulaganyo ya gore moragonyana di akarediwe. Le fa go ntse jalo, UK e ne ya simolola go buisana le baagi ba yone gore ba eletsa eng. Le fa dipuso tse di latelanang tsa Aforika Borwa di ne di batla gore mafelo ao a fetisediwe kwa taolong ya tsone, UK e ne ya nna ya diega; ka ntlha ya moo, ga e ise e ko e direge. Go tlhophiwa ga puso [[ya Bosetšhaba]] ka 1948, e e neng ya tlhoma [[tlhaolele]], le go ikgogela morago ga Aforika Borwa mo [[Mafatsheng a Selekane]] ka 1961, e ne ya fedisa tsholofelo nngwe le nngwe ya gore UK kgotsa dikgaolo tseo di dumalane go tsenngwa mo Aforika Borwa.&lt;ref&gt;Hayes, Frank (1980). &quot;South Africa's Departure from the Commonwealth, 1960–1961&quot;. ''The International History Review''. '''2''' (3): 453–484. doi:[[doi:10.1080/07075332.1980.9640222|10.1080/07075332.1980.9640222]]. ISSN 0707-5332. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40105085 40105085].&lt;/ref&gt;

Katoloso ya bolaodi jwa bogareng jwa Borithane le go fetoga ga puso ya lefatshe go ne ga felela ka gore ka 1920 go tlhomiwe makgotla a mabedi a bagakolodi go emela Maaforika le Bayuropa ka bobedi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20120603024427/http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/botoverview4.htm &quot;Botswana: Late British colonialism (1945–1966)&quot;]. ''eisa.org''. Archived from [http://www.eisa.org.za/WEP/botoverview4.htm the original] on 3 June 2012. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Lekgotla la Aforika le ne le na le ditlhogo di le robedi tsa merafe ya Batswana le maloko mangwe a a tlhophilweng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Dikgoeletso ka 1934 di ne di laola puso le dithata tsa merafe. Lekgotla la bagakolodi la Yuropa le Aforika le ne la tlhamiwa ka 1951, mme molaomotheo wa 1961 o ne wa tlhoma lekgotla la peomolao la ditherisano.&lt;ref&gt;[https://clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov/Africa/botswana.html &quot;Botswana&quot;]. ''clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240602105543/https://clintonwhitehouse3.archives.gov/Africa/botswana.html Archived] from the original on 2 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Boipuso ===
[[Setshwantsho:Botswana Independence Talks, 1965 - 2.png|thumb|220x220px|[[Seretse Khama]] (''ka fa mojeng'') le [[Quett Masire]] (''ka fa molemeng'') kwa dipuisanong tsa boipuso kwa Lontone, ka 1965]]
Ka Seetebosigo 1964, United Kingdom e ne ya amogela dikakanyetso tsa gore go nne le puso ya ya batho ka batho mo Botswana. Bokopano jwa boipuso bo ne jwa tshwarelwa kwa Lontone ka Tlhakole 1966.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.britishpathe.com/video/VLVA1T4XABSD8UKW27D8CE76D4K2H-UK-BECHUANALAND-INDEPENDENCE-CONFERENCE-OPENS-IN-LONDON/query/Bechuanaland &quot;U.K.: Bechuanaland independence conference opens in London 1966&quot;]. ''British Pathé historical collection''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175143/https://www.britishpathe.com/asset/143349/ Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Setilo sa puso se ne sa fudusiwa ka ngwaga wa 1965 go tswa kwa [[Mahikeng]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa|Aferika Borwa]], go ya kwa [[Gaborone]] e e neng e sa tswang go tlhongwa, e e neng e le gaufi le molelwane wa Botswana le Aforika Borwa. Go ikaegilwe ka molaomotheo wa 1965, lefatshe le ne la tshwara ditlhopho tsa lone tsa ntlha tsa kakaretso ka fa tlase ga tshwanelo ya botlhe ya go tlhopha mme la bona boipuso ka Lwetse a le malatsi a masome mararo 1966.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/fireworksatmidnight.htm &quot;Fireworks at Midnight&quot;]. ''Britishempire.co.uk''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161103054412/http://www.britishempire.co.uk/article/fireworksatmidnight.htm Archived] from the original on 3 November 2016. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Seretse Khama|Sir Seretse Khama]], moeteledipele mo mokgatlhong wa boipuso,&lt;ref&gt;Rotberg, Robert I. (3 March 2023). &quot;Botswana: Africa's Democratic Exception&quot;. ''[https://academic.oup.com/book/45388/chapter/389337356 Overcoming the Oppressors]''. Oxford University PressNew York. pp. 192–231. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/oso/9780197674208.003.0008|10.1093/oso/9780197674208.003.0008]]. ISBN 978-0-19-767420-8.&lt;/ref&gt; o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tautona wa ntlha, mme morago ga moo a tlhophiwa gape gabedi.&lt;ref&gt;Zuber, David (4 April 2022). [https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/people-global-african-history/seretse-khama-1921-1980/ &quot;Seretse Khama (1921–1980) •&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240606131806/https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/people-global-african-history/seretse-khama-1921-1980/ Archived] from the original on 6 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Khama o ne a tlhokafala mo maemong a gagwe ka 1980. Botautona bo ne jwa fetela kwa go mothusatautona wa nako eo, [[Quett Masire]], yo o neng a tlhophiwa ka boene ka 1984 mme a tlhophiwa gape ka 1989 le 1994. Masire o ne a tlogela tiro ka 1998. O ne a tlhatlhangwa ke [[Festus Mogae]], yo o neng a thophiwa ka 1999 mme a tlhophiwa gape ka 2004. Botautona bo ne jwa fetela kwa go [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] ka 2008 (morwa tautona wa ntlha), yo o neng a ntse a direla jaaka mothusa tautona wa ga Mogae fa e sale a tlogela maemo a gagwe a go nna Molaodi wa [[Sesole sa Botswana]] ka 1998 go tsaya karolo e ya setšhaba. Ka Moranang a rogwa 2018, [[Mokgweetsi Masisi|Mokgweetsi Eric Keabetswe Masisi]] o ne a ikanisiwa jaaka tautona wa botlhano wa Botswana, a tlhatlhama Ian Khama.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13040376 &quot;Botswana country profile&quot;]. ''BBC News''. 3 April 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210307103607/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13040376 Archived] from the original on 7 March 2021. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Kganetsano e e neng e ntse e le teng ka nako e telele ka ga molelwane o o kwa bokone le [[Caprivi Strip]] ya [[Namibia]] e ne ya nna setlhogo sa katlholo ya [[Kgotlatshekelo ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Bosiamisi]] ka Sedimonthole 1999. E ne ya atlhola gore [[Setlhaketlhake sa Sedudu|Setlhaketlhake sa Kasikili]] ke sa Botswana.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716112332/http://www.southern-eagle.com/namibia/namgeninfo.html &quot;Namibia General Information&quot;]. Southern-eagle.com. 21 March 1990. Archived from [http://www.southern-eagle.com/namibia/namgeninfo.html the original] on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Lekoko la Botswana Democratic Party le ne la busa lefatshe kwantle ga go kgaotsa go tloga ka ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa 1965 go fitlha ka [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa 2024|ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2024]], tse di neng tsa fenngwa ke [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]].&lt;ref&gt;Muia, Wycliffe; Zane, Damian (1 November 2024). [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c238n5zr51yo &quot;Botswana ruling party rejected after 58 years in power&quot;]. ''BBC News''. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Ngwanatsele a rogwa 2024, [[Duma Boko]], moeteledipele wa UDC, o ne a ikanisiwa jaaka tautona wa Botswana, a nna tautona wa ntlha go sa emele BDP.&lt;ref&gt;Okachi, George (4 November 2024). [https://www.dw.com/en/world-headlines-ignore-botswanas-peaceful-power-transition/video-70686382 &quot;Why is Botswana's peaceful power transfer being ignored?&quot;]. Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2025, Botswana e ne ya nna lefelo la [[mathata a magolo a kalafi]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c78zg67x38zo &quot;Botswana declares national public health emergency&quot;]. ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 26 August 2025. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Lefelo ==
[[Setshwantsho:Botswana map of Köppen climate classification.svg|thumb|200x200px|Mmepe wa Botswana wa [[Köppen climate classification]]]]
Ka bogolo jwa dikilometara di le 581 730 (sekwere sa dimaele di le 224 607), Botswana ke lefatshe la bo masome mane le boferabobedi ka bogolo mo lefatsheng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://dxnews.com/a25rj_botswana/ &quot;A25DX – A25RJ Botswana – News – Information&quot;]. ''dxnews.com''. Archived from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Gape e na le bogodimo jo bo ka nnang dimitara di le sekete (3 300 ft) kwa godimo ga bogodimo jwa lewatle.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.goway.com/destinations/africa/botswana &quot;Botswana Safari Vacation Packages 2025/2026 | Goway Travel&quot;]. ''www.goway.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531110907/https://www.goway.com/travel-information/africa-middle-east/botswana/geography-and-maps/ Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.botswana.co.za/Botswana_Regional_Info-travel/where-is-botswana.html &quot;Where is Botswana?&quot;]. ''botswana.co.za''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531222419/https://www.botswana.co.za/Botswana_Regional_Info-travel/where-is-botswana.html Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Botswana e sephaphathi thata, e rata go nna mo lefelong le le bidikamang ka iketlo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; [[Sekaka sa Kalahari]] ke sone se tetseng mo Botswana, se se akaretsang go fitlha go 70% ya bogodimo jwa lefatshe la lone.&lt;ref&gt;[https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/geography/countries/article/botswana &quot;Botswana Country Profile – National Geographic Kids&quot;]. ''Geography''. 20 March 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531111339/https://kids.nationalgeographic.com/geography/countries/article/botswana Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Okavango Delta, Botswana (2674364913).jpg|thumb|220x220px|[[Makgobokgobo a Okavango]]]]
Lefelo la [[Noka ya Limpopo]], e leng sebopego se segolo sa lefatshe la borwa jotlhe jwa Aforika, le bontlhabongwe mo Botswana, ka megopo ya melatswana ya yone e e elelang, [[Noka ya Notwane|Notwane]], [[Noka ya Bonwapitse|Bonwapitse]], [[Mahalapye]], [[Noka ya Lotsane|Lotsane]], [[Molapo wa Motloutse|Motloutse]] le [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe]], tse di mo karolong e e kwa botlhaba jwa lefatshe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.fao.org/4/y5744e/y5744e07.htm &quot;Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin&quot;]. ''fao.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175114/https://www.fao.org/4/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ya Notwane e tlamela motsemogolo ka metsi ka [[Gaborone dam|Letamo la Gaborone]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.wuc.bw/wuc-content.php?cid=139 &quot;WUC&quot;]. ''wuc.bw''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160627051722/http://www.wuc.bw/wuc-content.php?cid=139 Archived] from the original on 27 June 2016. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Noka ya Chobe]] e kopana le [[Noka ya Zambezi]] kwa lefelong le le bidiwang [[Kazungula, Zambia|Kazungula]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://2summers.net/2013/07/01/crossing-a-river-where-four-countries-meet/ &quot;Crossing a River Where Four Countries Meet&quot;]. ''2Summers''. 1 July 2013. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531233844/https://2summers.net/2013/07/01/crossing-a-river-where-four-countries-meet/ Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mefutafuta ya ditshedi le tshomarelo ===
[[Setshwantsho:Cebras de Burchell (Equus quagga burchellii), vista aérea del delta del Okavango, Botsuana, 2018-08-01, DD 28.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Dipitse tsa naga di tsamayatsamaya mo Mogobeng wa Okavango]]
Botswana e na le mafelo a a farologaneng a bonno jwa diphologolo tsa naga.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;[https://www.awf.org/country/botswana &quot;Botswana | African Wildlife Foundation&quot;]. ''www.awf.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531215139/https://www.awf.org/country/botswana Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mo godimo ga mafelo a delta le a sekaka, go na le [[mafelo a bojang]] le [[di-savanna]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Bokone jwa Botswana bo na le nngwe ya dipalopalo tse di mmalwa tse di setseng tsa [[ntša ya naga ya Aforika]] e e mo kotsing ya go nyelela.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.canids.org/species/view/African-wild-dog &quot;African wild dog | Canids&quot;]. ''www.canids.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175214/https://www.canids.org/species/view/African-wild-dog Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Chobe National Park]] mo [[Kgaolo ya Chobe|Kgaolong ya Chobe]] e na le ditlou tse dintsi go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng tsa [[Ditlou tsa Aforika|Aforika]]. Phaka e akaretsa dikilometara di ka nna dikete tse lesome le motso (4,247 sq mi) mme e tshegetsa mefuta e ka nna makgolo mararo le masome matlhano ya dinonyane.&lt;ref&gt;Moseley, William G. [https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2013/4/21/too-many-elephants-in-african-parks &quot;Too many elephants in African parks?&quot;]. Al Jazeera. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531233829/https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2013/4/21/too-many-elephants-in-african-parks Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Botswana ke karolo ya Lefelo la Tshomarelo la Kavango Zambezi (KAZA), mmogo le Zimbabwe, Zambia, Namibia le Angola. Karolo ya tumalano e letla motsamao o o gololesegileng wa diphologolo tsa naga magareng ga mafatshe a a tsayang karolo. &quot;Mafelo a go gasama ga diphologolo tsa naga&quot; a le marataro a supilwe go ikaegilwe ka ditsela tsa ditso tsa go fuduga ga diphologolo tsa naga&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.worldwildlife.org/magazine/issues/spring-2016/articles/five-countries-work-toward-a-common-goal-in-southern-africa &quot;Five countries work toward a common goal in southern Africa | Magazine Articles | WWF&quot;]. ''World Wildlife Fund''. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo Botswana [[khurumetso ya sekgwa]] e ka nna 27% ya bogolo jwa lefatshe lotlhe, e e lekanang le diheketara di le 15,254,700 (ha) tsa sekgwa ka 2020, go tswa go diheketara di le 18,803,700 (ha) ka 1990. Ka 2020, sekgwa se se itsosolosang ka tlhago se ne se akaretsa diheketara di le 15,254,700, sa sekgwa se se itsosolosang ka tlhago 0% e ne ya begwa e le [[sekgwa sa motheo]] (se se nang le mefuta ya ditlhare tsa naga e e senang ditshupo tse di bonalang sentle tsa tiro ya batho) mme mo e ka nnang 11% ya kgaolo ya sekgwa e e sireleditsweng e ne ya fitlhelwa mo teng. Mo ngwageng wa 2015, 24% ya kgaolo ya sekgwa e begilwe e le ka fa tlase ga setshaba le 76% ya mong yo o ikemetseng.&lt;ref&gt;''[https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/a6e225da-4a31-4e06-818d-ca3aeadfd635/content Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194]''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://fra-data.fao.org/assessments/fra/2020/BWA/home/overview &quot;Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, Botswana&quot;]. ''Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations''.&lt;/ref&gt;

Chobe National Park le [[Moremi Game Reserve]] (mo Okavango Delta) ke mafelo a magolo a bojanala.&lt;ref&gt;Bunge, Bianca (31 May 2021). [https://secretafrica.com/top-10-tourist-attractions-in-botswana/ &quot;Top 10 Tourist Attractions In Botswana&quot;]. ''Secret Africa''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230531201917/https://secretafrica.com/top-10-tourist-attractions-in-botswana/ Archived] from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Dipolokelo tse dingwe di akaretsa [[Lefelo la diphologolo la Central Kalahari]] le le fitlhelwang kwa Sekakeng sa Kalahari mo [[Kgaolo ya Ghanzi|Kgaolong ya Ghanzi]]; [[Makgadikgadi Pans National Park]] le [[Nxai Pan National Park]] tse di mo [[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Kgaolong ya Legare]] mo [[Makgadikgadi Pan]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.itravelto.com/place/Central-Botswana.html &quot;Central Botswana | Botswana Safari&quot;]. ''www.itravelto.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531233838/https://www.itravelto.com/place/Central-Botswana.html Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Lefatshe la Botswana le lebagane le mathata a mabedi a magolo [[a tikologo]], komelelo le [[go fetoga sekaka]], tse di golaganeng thata. Dikotara di le tharo tsa batho le diphologolo tsa naga di ikaegile ka metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe ka ntlha ya komelelo. Tiriso ya [[metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe]] ka go epa didiba tse di kwa teng e fokoditse ditlamorago tsa komelelo ka tsela nngwe. Metsi a a fa godimo ga lefatshe a a tlhokega mo Botswana, mme temothuo e e kwa tlase ga 5% mo lefatsheng e kgona go tswelela ka pula. Mo e e setseng 95% ya lefatshe, go rua leruo ke motswedi o mogolo wa lotseno lwa kwa magaeng. Mo e ka nnang 71% ya lefatshe la lefatshe le dirisediwa phulo ya tlhakanelo, e e nnileng selo se segolo se se bakileng go fetoga ga naga sekaka le kgogolego ya mmu e e potlakileng mo lefatsheng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;Darkoh, Michael. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101010191509/http://www.rala.is/rade/ralareport/darkoh.pdf &quot;Desertification in Botswana&quot;] (PDF). IS: Rala. pp. 61–64. Archived from [http://www.rala.is/rade/ralareport/darkoh.pdf the original] (PDF) on 10 October 2010. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

E re ka go rua leruo go solegetse batho ba lefatshe la Botswana dipoelo, ba tsweletse ka go dirisa lefatshe leo ka dipalo tse di golang tsa diphologolo ka tsela e e gakgamatsang. Go tloga ka 1966 go fitlha ka 1991, palo ya leruo e ne ya gola go tswa go didikadike di le 1.7 go ya go didikadike di le tlhano le sephatlo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Fela jalo, palo ya batho e oketsegile go tswa go 574,000 ka 1971 go ya go sedikadike le sephatlo ka 1995, e leng koketsego ya 161% mo dingwageng di le masome mabedi le bone.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.comptonherald.org/joa-botswana &quot;Botswana&quot;]. ''Compton Herald''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240501224436/https://www.comptonherald.org/joa-botswana Archived] from the original on 1 May 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025. &lt;/ref&gt; Baitseanape ba tikologo ba bega gore Okavango Delta e a oma ka ntlha ya go oketsega ga phulo ya leruo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;[http://www.afrol.com/articles/21794 &quot;Botswana, US sign 'Debt-for-Nature' agreement&quot;]. Afrol. [https://web.archive.org/web/20091201140712/http://www.afrol.com/articles/21794 Archived] from the original on 1 December 2009. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Okavango Delta ke nngwe ya mafelo a magolo a a metsi a a nang le dikgwa tse dinnye mo Botswana e bile ke nngwe ya mafelo a magolo a a kwa teng ga naga mo lefatsheng; thulaganyo ya tikologo e botlhokwa thata mo go tsheleng ga diphologolo di le dintsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

Lephata la Dikgwa le Ditsompelo tsa Dikgwa le setse le simolotse go tsenya mo tirisong porojeke ya go busetsa dimela tsa selegae mo baaging ba Kgalagadi Borwa, Kweneng Bokone le Boteti.&lt;ref&gt;Mogotsi, Kebadire; Kanego, Arabang; Sebele, Neelo; Kgaswane, Medi; Gabaitse, H. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100724145917/http://www.unccd.int/IYDD/documents/NOTCDIB.pdf &quot;New opportunities for combating desertification in Botswana: Women in action for sustainable land and natural resources management&quot;] (PDF). UNCCD. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20100724145917/http://www.unccd.int/IYDD/documents/NOTCDIB.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 July 2010. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Go tsenngwa gape ga dimela tsa selegae go tlaa thusa go fokotsa go senyega ga lefatshe. [[Puso ya Amerika]] le yone e dirile tumalano le lefatshe la Botswana, e ba neetse US$7 million go fokotsa sekoloto sa Botswana ka US$8.3 million. US e ne ya tlhomamisa gore Botswana e tlaa tlhoma mogopolo mo tshomarelong e e tseneletseng ya lefatshe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Lefatshe le ne le na le maduo a palogare a [[Forest Landscape Integrity Index]] ya 2018 a 9.13/10, e e baya mo maemong a bo ferabobedi lefatshe ka bophara mo mafatsheng a le lekgolo le masome a supa le bobedi.&lt;ref&gt;Grantham, H. S.; Duncan, A.; Evans, T. D.; Jones, K. R.; Beyer, H. L.; Schuster, R.; Walston, J.; Ray, J. C.; Robinson, J. G.; Callow, M.; Clements, T.; Costa, H. M.; DeGemmis, A.; Elsen, P. R.; Ervin, J.; Franco, P.; Goldman, E.; Goetz, S.; Hansen, A.; Hofsvang, E.; Jantz, P.; Jupiter, S.; Kang, A.; Langhammer, P.; Laurance, W. F.; Lieberman, S.; Linkie, M.; Malhi, Y.; Maxwell, S.; Mendez, M.; Mittermeier, R.; Murray, N. J.; Possingham, H.; Radachowsky, J.; Saatchi, S.; Samper, C.; Silverman, J.; Shapiro, A.; Strassburg, B.; Stevens, T.; Stokes, E.; Taylor, R.; Tear, T.; Tizard, R.; Venter, O.; Visconti, P.; Wang, S.; Watson, J. E. M. (2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7723057 &quot;Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity – Supplementary Material&quot;]. ''Nature Communications''. '''11''' (1): 5978. Bibcode:2020NatCo..11.5978G. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 7723057. &lt;nowiki&gt;PMID 33293507&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[United Nations Development Programme]] (UNDP) le bolela fa lehuma e le lone bothata jo bogolo jo bo dirang gore go dirisiwe ditsompelo go feta selekanyo, go akaretsa le lefatshe, mo Botswana. UNDP e ne ya tsenelela mo porojekeng e e neng ya simololwa kwa morafeng wa borwa jwa Struizendam mo Botswana. Maikaelelo a porojeke ke go tsaya malebela mo &quot;kitsong ya setso le dithulaganyo tsa taolo ya lefatshe tsa setso&quot;. Baeteledipele ba mokgatlho oo ba tshwanetse go nna batho ba ba mo setšhabeng go gogela batho ba tlholego, mme seo se oketsa ditšhono tsa bone tsa go bona lotseno, ka jalo se fokotsa lehuma. UNDP gape e boletse gore puso e tshwanetse go diragatsa melao ka katlego go letla batho go laola metswedi ya bone ya selegae mme lenaneo le fa puso tshedimosetso go thusa mo tlhabololong ya melao.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.afrol.com/articles/13090 &quot;Botswana villages fighting desertification&quot;]. Afrol. [https://web.archive.org/web/20091102221242/http://www.afrol.com/articles/13090 Archived] from the original on 2 November 2009. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Puso le dipolotiki ==
[[Setshwantsho:Duma Boko 2025 (cropped).jpg|thumb|208x208px|[[Duma Boko]] ke [[Tautona wa Botswana]] go tloga ka 2024.]]
Botswana ke [[rephaboliki ya palamente]] e e laolwang ke [[Molaomotheo wa Botswana]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;Sebudubudu, David; Maripe, Bugalo; Botlhomilwe, Mokganedi Z.; Malila, Ikanyeng S. (2013). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/45341655 &quot;The Mutation of Parliament into a &quot;Registration Chamber&quot;: Executive Dominance over the Legislature in Botswana&quot;]. ''The African Review: A Journal of African Politics, Development and International Affairs''. '''40''' (2): 33–59. ISSN 0856-0056. JSTOR 45341655. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ke puso ya batho ka batho e telele go gaisa e e sa kgaotseng mo Aforika.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;Sebudubudu, David; Bodilenyane, Keratilwe; Kwerepe, Phana (2016). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/45342124 &quot;The Politics of Opposition Electoral Coalitions and Alliances in Botswana&quot;]. ''The African Review: A Journal of African Politics, Development and International Affairs''. '''43''' (1): 1–26. ISSN 0856-0056. JSTOR 45342124. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231013182227/https://www.jstor.org/stable/45342124 Archived] from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Setilo sa yone sa puso se kwa [[Gaborone]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ditheo tsa puso ya Botswana di tlhomilwe morago ga gore e nne setšhaba se se ikemetseng ka nosi ka 1966. Thulaganyo ya puso ya Botswana e ikaegile ka [[tsamaiso ya Westminster]] ya United Kingdom le dipuso tsa merafe ya batho ba Tswana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Botswana e na le [[puso e e kopantsweng]] e mo go yone molao wa bosetšhaba o emisetsang molao wa selegae.&lt;ref&gt;Mooketsane, K.; Bodilenyane, K.; Motshekgwa, B. (2017). [https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC-6a061f80d &quot;Is decentralisation in Botswana a democratic fallacy?&quot;]. ''African Journal of Public Affairs''. '''9''' (5): 47–60. hdl:10520/EJC-6a061f80d. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175122/https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC-6a061f80d Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Melao ya selegae e tlhamiwa ke makgotla a selegae le makgotla a dikgaolo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;Sharma, Keshav C. (23 August 2020). [https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/informit.928945225837497 &quot;Role of local government in Botswana for effective service delivery: Challenges, prospects and lessons&quot;]. ''Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance'' (7): 135–142. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175124/https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/informit.928945225837497 Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ba tlhotlhelediwa thata ke dipuso tsa merafe, tse di eteletsweng pele ke kgosi ya morafe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

[[Palamente ya Botswana]] e na le Tautona le [[Kokoano Bosetšhaba]], e e dirang jaaka lekgotla la peomolao la setšhaba le le tlhomameng le le le nosi, fa ''[[Ntlo ya Dikgosi]]'' e direla setlhopha sa bagakolodi se se dirilweng ke dikgosi tsa merafe le maloko a mangwe a a tlhomilweng.&lt;ref&gt;Norton, Philip (21 December 2004). [[doi:10.1080/1357233042000322436|&quot;How many bicameral legislatures are there?&quot;]]. ''The Journal of Legislative Studies''. '''10''' (4): 1–9. doi:[[doi:10.1080/1357233042000322436|10.1080/1357233042000322436]]. ISSN 1357-2334. S2CID 143950774. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Lekala la khuduthamaga la Botswana le eteletswe pele ke [[Tautona wa Botswana]], yo o dirang jaaka tlhogo ya lefatshe le tlhogo ya puso.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Maloko a palamente a tlhopha tautona,&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;Botlhale, Emmanuel; Lotshwao, Kebapetse (2013). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 &quot;The Uneasy Relationship Between Parliament and the Executive in Botswana&quot;]. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''45''': 39–51. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0525-5090 0525-5090]. [[:en:JSTOR_(identifier)|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 90024373]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240213145751/https://www.jstor.org/stable/90024373 Archived] from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; mme tautona o tlhoma [[Mothusa Tautona wa Botswana|mothusa-tautona]] le [[matona]].&lt;ref&gt;Beaulier, Scott A.; Subrick, J. Robert (2006). [http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10602-006-0002-x &quot;The Political Foundations of Development: The Case of Botswana&quot;]. ''Constitutional Political Economy''. '''17''' (2): 103–115. doi:10.1007/s10602-006-0002-x. ISSN 1043-4062. S2CID 59354401. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. &lt;/ref&gt; Tautona o na le dithata tse di bonalang mo Botswana, mme lekgotla la peomolao ga le na dithata tse dintsi tsa go tlhola tautona fa a setse a tlhomilwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Mogalakwe, Monageng; Nyamnjoh, Francis (2 January 2017). [[doi:10.1080/02589001.2017.1286636|&quot;Botswana at 50: democratic deficit, elite corruption and poverty in the midst of plenty&quot;]]. ''Journal of Contemporary African Studies''. '''35''' (1): 1–14. doi:10.1080/02589001.2017.1286636. ISSN 0258-9001.&lt;/ref&gt; Boatlhodi bo akaretsa Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo le Dikgotlatshekelo tsa Bommakaseterata.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110218013129/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/Administration-of-Justice-AOJ/About-AOJ1/The-Hierarchy-of-the-Courts/ &quot;The Hierarchy of the Courts&quot;]. ''Government of Botswana''. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/Administration-of-Justice-AOJ/About-AOJ1/The-Hierarchy-of-the-Courts/ the original] on 18 February 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Dikgetse gantsi di rarabololwa ke dikgotlatshekelo tsa setso tse di okametsweng ke dikgosi tsa merafe.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

[[Ditlhopho mo Botswana]] di tshwarwa dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le tlhano mme di okametswe ke [[Lekgotla le le Ikemetseng la Ditlhopho]] (IEC).&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;Mogalakwe, Monageng (2 January 2015). [[doi:10.1080/02589001.2015.1021210|&quot;An assessment of Botswana's electoral management body to deliver fair elections&quot;]]. ''Journal of Contemporary African Studies''. '''33''' (1): 105–120. doi:10.1080/02589001.2015.1021210. ISSN 0258-9001. S2CID 154949350. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Botswana e tsamaisa [[tsamaiso ya makoko a mantsi]] e mo go yone [[makoko a mantsi a sepolotiki]] a gaisanang mo ditlhophong.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; E ne e le lefatshe la lekoko le le laolang le mo go lone [[Botswana Democratic Party]] e neng e busa ka puso ya bontsi go tloga ka boipuso ka 1966 go fitlha ka 2024.&lt;ref&gt;Somolekae, Gloria (1 January 2005). [https://www.africaportal.org/publications/political-parties-in-botswana/ Political Parties in Botswana] (Report). Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa. p. 6. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230601230322/https://www.africaportal.org/publications/political-parties-in-botswana/ Archived] from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &amp; Bolt 2018]], p. 74.&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhopho tsa setšhaba di amogelwa jaaka [[tse di gololesegileng le tse di siameng]], fela lekoko le le busang le na le bomolemo jwa setheo se makoko a mangwe a se nang one.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Sebudubudu, David; Botlhomilwe, Mokganedi Zara (2010). [https://journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/EJC88240 &quot;The management of elections: the case of Botswana&quot;]. ''Politeia''. '''29''' (1): 65–77. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175631/https://journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/EJC88240 Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Makgamu]] a tlwaelesegile mo makokong a sepolotiki a Botswana, mme ditlhopha di le mmalwa di tlhamile makoko a masha ka go kgaogana le a a tlhomilweng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; Fa e sale ka 2019, [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] e ntse e dira jaaka kopano ya makoko a kganetso.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-botswana-politics-idUSKBN15I2JN &quot;Botswana opposition groups unite to challenge ruling BDP&quot;]. ''Reuters''. 3 February 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221114062454/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-botswana-politics-idUSKBN15I2JN Archived] from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ditlhopho tsa bosheng di ne tsa tshwarwa ka 2024, fa lekoko la Botswana Democratic Party le ne la latlhegelwa ke bontsi jwa lone lekgetlho la ntlha mo ditsong, mme seo sa fedisa puso ya lone ya dingwaga di le masome a matlhano le boferabobedi mo lefatsheng leo. Ditlhopho di ne tsa bona [[Duma Boko]] a tlhophiwa go nna tautona.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2yx5nk1l0o &quot;Botswana election: Duma Boko – the politician who did the unthinkable&quot;]. BBC. November 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mo dingwageng tsa ntlha tsa Botswana, dipolotiki tsa lone di ne di laolwa ke Tautona [[Seretse Khama]] le mothusa-tautona (tautona wa moragonyana) [[Quett Masire]].&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p. 58.&lt;/ref&gt; Fa e sale ka [[Khuduthamaga ya Kgabo]] ka 1991, makgamu le dikgaisano tsa sepolotiki di laotse sepolotiki sa Botswana. Lekoko la [[Barata-Phathi]] le ne le eteletswe pele ke [[Peter Mmusi]], [[Daniel Kwelagobe]] le [[Ponatshego Kedikilwe]], fa lekoko la [[A Team]] le ne le eteletswe pele ke [[Mompati Merafhe]] le [[Jacob Nkate]].&lt;ref&gt;Ntuane, Botsalo (2018). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/90026925 &quot;President Festus Mogae: The Regent Who Became King&quot;]. ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''50''': 333–338. ISSN 0525-5090. JSTOR 90026925. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;Lotshwao, Kebapetse; Suping, Kekgaoditse (2013). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310771824 &quot;The 2010 split of the Botswana Democratic Party&quot;]. ''Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies''. '''27''' (2): 343–360. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175735/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/310771824_The_2010_split_of_the_Botswana_Democratic_Party Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Fa [[Festus Mogae]] le [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] ba nna tautona le mothusa tautona, ka go latelana, ba ne ba itebaganya le setlhopha sa A. Khama o ne a leleka A Team mo lekokong ka 2010 morago ga go nna tautona.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; Kgaisano e ntsha e ne ya bopega ka 2018 fa motlhatlhami wa ga Khama yo o tlhophilweng, Mokgweetsi Masisi a ne a nna tautona. O ne a ganetsa Khama, mme bobedi jo bo ne jwa bopa kgaisano ya sepolotiki e e tswelelang go tlhotlhoregela mo dipolotiking tsa Batswana ka dingwaga tsa bo 2020.&lt;ref&gt;Seabo, Batlang; Nyenhuis, Robert (2021). [https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S000202062100069X/type/journal_article &quot;Botswana's 2019 General Elections: A Referendum on General Ian Khama&quot;]. ''African Studies Review''. '''64''' (4): 854–883. doi:10.1017/asr.2021.69. ISSN 0002-0206. Archived from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025. &lt;/ref&gt;

Botswana e ne ya bewa mo maemong a &quot;puso ya batho ka batho e e nang le diphoso&quot; mme e le ya bo 33 mo dinageng di le 167 mo [[Democracy Index (The Economist)]], e e neng e le maemo a bobedi a a kwa godimo mo Aforika, le maemo a a kwa godimo mo kontinenteng ya Aforika (ke fela setšhaba sa setlhaketlhake sa [[Mauritius]] se se kwa lewatleng se se neng se fenya maemo a yone).&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2023/ &quot;Democracy Index 2023&quot;]. ''Economist Intelligence Unit''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240214215250/https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2023/ Archived] from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa go ntse jalo, go ya ka [[V-Dem Democracy Indices]] ya 2024, Botswana e ntse e itemogela tiragalo ya [[go boela morago ga puso ya batho ka batho]] mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di fetileng, mme ya rekota maduo a yone a a kwa tlase go gaisa otlhe mo ditshupaneng tseno. Ditshupane di tlhaola Botswana jaaka puso ya batho ka batho ya ditlhopho e e mo ‘kgaolong e e bosetlha’ fa gare ga puso ya batho ka batho ya ditlhopho le puso ya boikgethelo ya ditlhopho. Go feta foo, di bontsha gore Botswana e latlhegetswe ke maemo a yone jaaka &quot;puso ya batho ka batho e e gololesegileng&quot; ka 2021, ka dikarolo tsa yone tsa kgololesego, tsa go tsaya karolo le tsa dipuisano di fokotsega &quot;ka maemo a a botlhokwa go ya ka dipalopalo&quot;, ka karolo ya bofelo e lemogilwe jaaka e e nnang &quot;e e maswe thata&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.v-dem.net/documents/44/v-dem_dr2024_highres.pdf &quot;V-Dem Democracy Index&quot;] (PDF). ''V-Dem''. pp. 14, 16, 21, 28. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240307211425/https://www.v-dem.net/documents/44/v-dem_dr2024_highres.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 7 March 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Transparency International]] [[Corruption Index]] ya 2023 e beile Botswana mo maemong a boraro a tshenyetso setshaba jo bo kwa tlase mo Aforika, ka fa tlase fela ga [[Cape Verde]] le [[Seychelles]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2023 &quot;2023 Corruption Perceptions Index: Explore the results&quot;]. ''Transparency.org''. 30 January 2024. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230204001659/https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2023 Archived] from the original on 4 February 2023.&lt;/ref&gt; Botswana gape ke leloko la [[Mafatshe a selekane|Mafatshe a Selekane]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries &quot;Member countries&quot;]. ''Commonwealth''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221031175159/https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries Archived] from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved &lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dikamano le mafatshe a sele le sesole ===
[[Setshwantsho:Botswanatroopsboardplane.png|thumb|200x200px|Masole a Botswana a palama sefofane sa [[sesole sa Botswana]] go ya kwa Mozambique ka Phukwi 2021.]]
Ka nakô ya boipusô, lefatshe ja Botswana le ne le sena sesôlê sê se nitlameng. E ne e le morago ga gore Masôlê a [[Rhodesia]] le a [[Sesole sa Aforika Borwa|Aforika Borwa]] a lwantshiwê ke mephatô ya [[Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army]] le [[Umkhonto we Sizwe]]&lt;ref&gt;Parks, Michael (20 May 1986). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-05-20-mn-6620-story.html &quot;S. Africa Raids 3 Nearby Nations : Attacks Rebel Bases in Capitals of Zimbabwe, Zambia and Botswana&quot;]. ''Los Angeles Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120111150242/http://articles.latimes.com/1986-05-20/news/mn-6620_1_african-national-congress Archived] from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; mme [[Botswana Defence Force]] (BDF) ya tlhamiwa ka ngwaga wa 1977.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20110706162757/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/State-President/Botswana-Defence-Force-BDF/About-the-BDF1/History-of-the-BDF/ &quot;History of the BDF&quot;]. ''gov.bw''. 25 August 2011. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/Ministries/State-President/Botswana-Defence-Force-BDF/About-the-BDF1/History-of-the-BDF/ the original] on 6 July 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Tautona ê nê e le [[molaodi wa sesôlè]] gape a tlhopha khansele ya itshireletso. Sesôlê sa Botswana se maloko a ka tshwara selekanyo sa 12,000. Ka 2019, Botswana e ne ya saena tumalano ya UN ya [[treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&amp;chapter=26&amp;clang=_en &quot;Chapter XXVI: Disarmament – No. 9 Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons&quot;]. United Nations Treaty Collection. 7 July 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190806220546/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&amp;mtdsg_no=XXVI-9&amp;chapter=26&amp;clang=_en Archived] from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Go latêla phetogô ya sepôlôtiki sa Aforika Borwa le sa kgaolo, sesôlê sa Botswana se nê sa itlama go sirêlêtsa diphôlôgôlô tsa tlhôlêgê, [[go baakanyetsa dibetso tsa tlhôlêgô]], gape tshegetsa go lêre kagisô kwa mafatsheng a sele. Lefatshe ja United States ke lengwe lê le thusang Botswana ka ditlhabololô, le sônê [[Botswana Defence Force|sesôlê sa Botswana]], ka bontsi jwa bônê ba fiwa ithuthuntshô ke ba lefatshe la U.S. Ithuthuntshô ê e tsêwa e le ya kônôkônô.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt; Puso ya Botswana e ne ya naya Amerika tetla ya go sekaseka kgonagalo ya go tlhoma lefelo la Africa Command ([[AFRICOM]]) mo lefatsheng leo.&lt;ref&gt;U.S. Army Africa Public Affairs; Daniel, Spc. Tynisha; March, Meredith; Sampson, Sgt. Karen (15 January 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170718193102/http://www.africom.mil/media-room/article/27819/botswana-defence-force-u-s-army-leaders-meet-in-europe &quot;Botswana Defence Force, U.S. Army Leaders Meet in Europe&quot;]. ''africom.mil''. Archived from [http://www.africom.mil/media-room/article/27819/botswana-defence-force-u-s-army-leaders-meet-in-europe the original] on 18 July 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

Botswana ke lefatshe la bo masome matlhano le le nang le kagiso mo lefatsheng, go ya ka [[Global Peace Index]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/GPI-2024-web.pdf &quot;2024 Global Peace Index&quot;] (PDF). p. 20.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ditshwanelo tsa setho ===
[[Ditshwanelo|Lefelo la Botswana la Ditshwanelo tsa Setho]], [[Ditshwanelo]], le tlhomilwe ka 1993.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20180218204716/http://www.ditshwanelo.org.bw/ &quot;Ditshwanelo&quot;]. ''ditshwanelo.org.bw''. 16 January 2018. Archived from [http://www.ditshwanelo.org.bw/ the original] on 18 February 2018.&lt;/ref&gt; Go fitlha ka Seetebosigo 2019, ditiro tsa go ratana ka bong bo le bongwe di ne di le kgatlhanong le molao mo Botswana. Tshwetso ya Kgotla Kgolo ya Ditsheko ya Botswana ya Seetebosigo a le lesome le motso wa ngwaga oo e ne ya phimola dipeelo tsa Molao wa Bosenyi tse di neng di otlhaya &quot;kitso ya nama ya motho ope kgatlhanong le thulaganyo ya tlholego&quot; le &quot;ditiro tsa maitseo a a makgwakgwa&quot;, mme seo sa dira gore Botswana e nne nngwe ya mafatshe a le masome mabedi le bobedi a Aforika a a dirileng gore batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ba se ka ba nna molato kgotsa ba nne mo molaong.&lt;ref&gt;Fox, Kara. [https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/11/africa/botswana-lgbtq-ruling-intl/index.html &quot;Botswana scraps gay sex laws in big victory for LGBTQ rights in Africa&quot;]. CNN. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190611111110/https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/11/africa/botswana-lgbtq-ruling-intl/index.html Archived] from the original on 11 June 2019. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Katlholelo loso]] ke katlholo ya semolao ya polao mo Botswana, mme dipolao di dirwa ka go kalediwa.&lt;ref&gt;Tshosa, Onkemetse (25 May 2021). [https://www.biicl.org/files/2216_tshosa_death_penalty_botswana.pdf &quot;THE DEATH PENALTY IN BOTSWANA IN THE LIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW: THE CASE FOR ABOLITION&quot;] (PDF). p. 3. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210525162623/https://www.biicl.org/files/2216_tshosa_death_penalty_botswana.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Bosquimanos-Grassland Bushmen Lodge, Botswana 04.jpg|thumb|220x220px|Monna wa Mosarwa (San) ]]

==== San le merafe e mengwe ya tlholego ====
Bontsi jwa batho ba tlholego ba San ba fudusitswe ka dikgoka go tswa mo lefatsheng la bone go ya kwa mafelong a a beetsweng kwa thoko. Go dira gore ba fuduge, ba ne ba kganelwa go bona metsi mo lefatsheng la bone mme ba ne ba lebana le go tshwarwa fa ba ka tsoma, e leng motswedi wa bone o mogolo wa dijo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24821867 &quot;Botswana bushmen: Modern life is destroying us&quot;]. ''BBC News''. 7 January 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160325015238/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-24821867 Archived] from the original on 25 March 2016. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mafeloa bone a mo gare ga tshimo e e humileng thata ya diteemane mo lefatsheng. Semmuso, puso e ganetsa gore go na le kgolagano epe le meepo, e bolela fa go fudusiwa e le go somarela diphologolo tsa naga le thulaganyo ya tikologo, le fa batho ba San ba ntse ba tshela ka tsela e e tswelelang mo lefatsheng ka dingwaga di le dikete.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; Mo dipeeletsong, ba kgaratlha thata go bona tiro, mme botagwa bo aname.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;

Ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi le bone 2018, [[Mmegi yo o Kgethegileng wa UN wa Bathopotlana]], Fernand de Varennes, o ne a ntsha pegelo e e neng e ikuela mo Botswana &quot;go oketsa maiteko a go lemoga le go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa batho ba babotlana mabapi le ditirelo tsa setšhaba, tiriso ya lefatshe le didirisiwa, le tiriso ya [[dipuo tse di potlana]] mo thutong le mo mafelong mangwe a a botlhokwa.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2018/08/botswana-minorities-need-boost-education-and-health-care-says-un-expert#:~:text=GENEVA%20%2F%20GABORONE%20(24%20August%202018,on%20Minorities%2C%20Fernand%20de%20Varennes. &quot;Botswana minorities need boost in education and health care, says UN expert urging Bill of Right&quot;]. United Nations. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604175645/https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2018/08/botswana-minorities-need-boost-education-and-health-care-says-un-expert#:~:text=GENEVA%20%2F%20GABORONE%20(24%20August%202018,on%20Minorities%2C%20Fernand%20de%20Varennes. Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dikarolo tsa botsamaisi ==
[[Setshwantsho:Districts of Botswana in 1977.jpg|left|thumb|271x271px|Dikgaolo tsa Botswana ka 1977]]
[[Setshwantsho:The Subdistricts of Botswana..png|thumb|221x221px|Dikgaolo le Dikgaolo-Potlana tsa Botswana]]
Botswana e kgaogantswe ka dikgaolo tsa tsamaiso di le lesome, dikgaolo tsa toropo di le pedi, ditoropo di le nne,&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;[https://www.geonames.org/BW/administrative-division-botswana.html &quot;Administrative Division of Botswana&quot;]. ''geonames.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240223075024/https://www.geonames.org/BW/administrative-division-botswana.html Archived] from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; dikgaolopotlana di le lesome le motso mme, ka kakaretso, dikarolo tsa tsamaiso di le lesome le borataro.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt; Ba:

* Legare
* Chobe
* Francistown
* Gaborone
* Ganzi
* Jwaneng
* Kgalagadi
* Kgatleng
* Kweneng
* Lobatse
* Bokone Botlhaba
* Bokone Bophirima
* Borwa Botlhaba
* Borwa
* Selibe Phikwe
* Toropo ya Sowa&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;

Tseno di tsamaisiwa ke balaodi ba selegae ba le lesome le borataro (makgotla a dikgaolo, makgotla a toropo kgotsa makgotla a toropo).&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170606002454/http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/ &quot;Botswana Government Ministries &amp; Authorities&quot;]. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/en/Ministries--Authorities/ the original] on 6 June 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.statoids.com/ubw.html &quot;Botswana Districts&quot;]. ''statoids.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110812073605/http://www.statoids.com/ubw.html Archived] from the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ngwaga wa 1977, dikarolo tsa tsamaiso ya Botswana e ne e le Ngamiland, Chobe, Francistown, Ngwato, Tuli, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Ngwaketse, Kweneng, Gaborone le Lobatse.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.loc.gov/resource/g8601f.ct002720/ &quot;Botswana, administrative divisions&quot;]. ''Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 United States''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240601053842/https://www.loc.gov/resource/g8601f.ct002720/ Archived] from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 14 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 2006, Chobe e ne ya tlosiwa mo go nneng karolo ya tsamaiso, mme leina la Ngamiland la fetolwa go nna kgaolo ya Bokone Bophirima. Chobe e ne ya busiwa ka Mopitlo a le masome mararo le motso ka 2014. Ka lone letsatsi leo, go ne ga tsenngwa gape le dikgaolo tsa tsamaiso tsa Francistown, Gaborone, Jwaneng, Lobatse, Selibe Phikwe, le Toropo ya Sowa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt;

== Itsholelo ==
Fa e sale Botswana a bona boipuso, e nnile le nngwe ya dikelo tsa kgolo e e bonako mo lotsenong lwa motho ka bongwe mo lefatsheng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm#econ &quot;Botswana&quot;]. ''U.S. Department of State''. 20 January 2009. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190604183438/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/1830.htm#econ Archived] from the original on 4 June 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; Pele e ne e le lengwe la mafatshe a a humanegileng thata mo lefatsheng—ka GDP ya motho ka bongwe e e ka nnang US$70 ka ngwaga kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1960&lt;ref&gt;Maundeni, Zibani; Mpabanga, Dorothy; Mfundisi, Adam (1 January 2007). [https://www.africaportal.org/publications/consolidating-democratic-governance-in-southern-africa-botswana/ &quot;Consolidating Democratic Governance in Southern Africa : Botswana&quot;]. ''Africa Portal''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326031142/https://www.africaportal.org/publications/consolidating-democratic-governance-in-southern-africa-botswana/ Archived] from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;—Botswana e iphetotse go nna lefatshe la lotseno lo lo kwa godimo lo lo magareng. GDP ka tlhogo e godile go tswa go $439 ka 1950 go ya go $15,842 ka 2018.&lt;ref&gt;[https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/maddison-data-gdp-per-capita-in-2011us &quot;GDP per capita&quot;]. ''Our World in Data''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190720172734/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/maddison-data-gdp-per-capita-in-2011us Archived] from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa Botswana e ne e na le didirisiwa tse dintsi, letlhomeso le le siameng la setheo le ne la letla lefatshego beeletsa gape lotseno lwa didirisiwa go dira lotseno lo lo tlhomameng lwa isago.&lt;ref&gt;Baten, Jörg (2016). ''A History of the Global Economy. From 1500 to the Present''. Cambridge University Press. p. 159. ISBN 9781107507180.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka phopholetso nngwe, le na le lotseno lotlhe lwa bosetšhaba lwa bone lo lo kwa godimo mo tekatekanong ya maatla a go reka mo Aforika, se se le nayang maemo a a kwa godimo a botshelo mo Aforika, go tsamaelana le a Mexico.&lt;ref&gt;Kästle, Klaus (24 July 2009). [http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/GNI_PPP_of_countries.htm &quot;GNI PPP table&quot;]. Nationsonline.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100115190433/http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/GNI_PPP_of_countries.htm Archived] from the original on 15 January 2010. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Go tloga ka 2022, seelo sa letlhoko la ditiro se ne se le kwa go 25.4%, fa letlhoko la ditiro la basha le fitlheletse 45.41% ka 2023.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.botswanalmo.org.bw/labour_statistics &quot;Labour Statistics | Botswana Labour Market Observatory&quot;]. ''www.botswanalmo.org.bw''. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.statista.com/statistics/811692/youth-unemployment-rate-in-botswana/ &quot;Botswana – youth unemployment rate 2004–2023&quot;]. ''Statista''. Retrieved  15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Tshedimosetso ya bosheng e e leng teng go tswa ka 2015/2016 e fopholetsa gore 17.2% ya baagi ba Botswana ba humanegile ka ditsela tse dintsi, mme 19.7% e nngwe e mo kotsing.&lt;ref&gt;[https://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/Country-Profiles/MPI/BWA.pdf &quot;Multidimensional Poverty Index Botswana&quot;] (PDF). ''United Nations Development Programme: Human Development Reports''. 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Lephata la kgwebo le madirelo la Botswana]] le rwele maikarabelo a go rotloetsa [[tlhabololo ya dikgwebo]] lefatshe leo ka bophara. Go ya ka [[Letlole la Boditšhabatšhaba la Madi]], kgolo ya itsholelo e ne e le palogare ya go feta 9% ka ngwaga go tloga ka 1966 go fitlha ka 1999. Botswana e na le maemo a a kwa godimo a kgololesego ya itsholelo fa e bapisiwa le mafatshe a mangwe a Aforika.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&amp;aid=99&amp;dir=2007/September/Thursday6/ &quot;Botswana ranked Africa's leader in economic freedom&quot;]. mmegi.bw. 19 May 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170822145230/http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=4&amp;aid=99&amp;dir=2007/September/Thursday6/ Archived] from the original on 22 August 2017. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Puso e tshegeditse melao e e siameng ya matlole, le fa go ne go na le ditlhaelo tsa kabo ya madi ka go latelana ka 2002 le 2003, le maemo a a sa reng sepe a dikoloto tsa kwa ntle. Le amogetse tekanyetso e e kwa godimo ya sekoloto sa puso mo Aforika mme e bolokile dipolokelo tsa kananyo ya mafatshe a sele (go feta $7 bilione ka 2005/2006) e e ka nnang dingwaga di le pedi le sephatlo tsa diromelwateng tsa ga jaana.&lt;ref&gt;Mugoti, Godfrey (2009). ''Africa (a-z)''. [Place of publication not identified]: Lulu Com. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-4357-2890-5. OCLC 946180025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Molaomotheo o tlamela ka boatlhodi jo bo ikemetseng, mme puso e tlotla seo mo tirisong. Tsamaiso ya semolao e lekane go dira ditirisano tsa kgwebo tse di sireletsegileng, le fa go salela kwa morago mo go ntseng go oketsega ga dikgetsi go thibela ditsheko ka nako. Botswana e mo maemong a bobedi fela morago ga Aforika Borwa mo mafatsheng a Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara mo International Property Rights Index ya 2014.&lt;ref&gt;[http://internationalpropertyrightsindex.org/countries?r=A&amp;f=ipri&amp;o=desc &quot;The International Property Rights Index 2014: Africa by Score&quot;]. The International Property Rights Index. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151208141240/http://internationalpropertyrightsindex.org/countries?r=A&amp;f=ipri&amp;o=desc Archived] from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Matlapa le ditswammung tse di tlhwatlhwakgolo ===
[[Setshwantsho:Jwaneng Open Mine.jpg|thumb|220x220px|[[Moepo wa diteemane wa Jwaneng|Moepo wa teemane wa Jwaneng]], o o humileng go gaisa mo lefatsheng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.mining.com/featured-article/ranked-worlds-richest-diamond-mines/ &quot;RANKED: World's richest diamond mines&quot;]. ''Mining.com''. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;]]
Mo Botswana, Lephata la Meepo le Ditswammung, Kgotetse le Tshireletsego ya Maatla le boloka tshedimosetso mabapi le meepo mo lefatsheng lotlhe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.today/20130910164527/http://www.mines.gov.bw/ &quot;Department of Mines&quot;]. 20 July 2007. Archived from [http://www.mines.gov.bw/ the original] on 10 September 2013. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gov.bw/ &quot;The Government of Botswana – Home&quot;]. 9 February 2008. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080209200236/http://www.gov.bw/ Archived] from the original on 9 February 2008. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Debswana]], e leng kompone e kgolo ya [[meepo ya diteemane]] e e dirang mo Botswana, ke kompone e e kopanetsweng, sephatlo sa yone ke ya puso.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Joe_Nocera|Nocera, Joe]] (8 August 2008). [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/09/business/worldbusiness/09nocera.html &quot;Diamonds are Forever in Botswana&quot;]. ''[[:en:The_New_York_Times|The New York Times]]''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110829063851/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/09/business/worldbusiness/09nocera.html Archived] from the original on 29 August 2011. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Madirelo a diteemane a tlamela ka bokana ka 40% ya lotseno lotlhe lwa puso.&lt;ref&gt;[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/BOTSWANAEXTN/0,,menuPK:322821~pagePK:141132~piPK:141107~theSitePK:322804,00.html &quot;Botswana Country Brief&quot;]. World Bank. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090427113006/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/BOTSWANAEXTN/0,,menuPK:322821~pagePK:141132~piPK:141107~theSitePK:322804,00.html Archived] from the original on 27 April 2009. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Lefatshe la Botswana ga le ise le simolole go epa uranium; le fa go ntse jalo, Porojeke ya Uranium ya Letlhakane mo Aforika ke nngwe ya diporojeke tse dikgolo tsa uranium tse di iseng di tlhabololwe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://lotusresources.com.au/projects/letlhakane-overview/ &quot;Letlhakane Overview&quot;]. ''Lotus Resources''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240313041901/https://lotusresources.com.au/projects/letlhakane-overview/ Archived] from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Puso e itsisitse mo tshimologong ya 2009 gore ba tla leka go farologanya itsholelo ya bone le go tila go ikaega thata ka diteemane.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.11ikc.com/showcontent.aspx?MenuID=2013 &quot;International Kimberlite Conference – Host Country – Botswana&quot;]. ''11ikc.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531230207/http://www.11ikc.com/showcontent.aspx?MenuID=2013 Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Bojanala ===
[[Setshwantsho:Red-billed oxpecker (Buphagus erythrorhynchus) on impala (Aepyceros melampus).jpg|thumb|Red-billed oxpecker mo godimo ga phala kwa Chobe.]]
[[Mokgatlho wa Bojanala wa Botswana]] ke setlhopha sa bojanala sa semmuso sa lefatshe.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/ &quot;Home | Botswana Tourism Organisation&quot;]. ''www.botswanatourism.co.bw''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240124120158/https://www.botswanatourism.co.bw/ Archived] from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mafelo a mangwe mo Botswana a akaretsa Gaborone Yacht Club le Kalahari Fishing Club. Lefatshe leo le na le dilo tsa tlholego tse di kgatlhang jaaka [[Gaborone dam|letamo la Gaborone]] le [[Mokolodi Nature Reserve|tshireletso ya tlholego ya Mokolodi]]. Go na le [[mabala a golofo]] a Mokgatlho wa Golofo wa Botswana (BGU) o o tlhokomelang.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090808044920/http://www.botswanagolfunion.org.bw/ &quot;Botswana Golf Union (BGU)&quot;]. ''botswanagolfunion.org.bw''. 20 September 2011. Archived from [http://www.botswanagolfunion.org.bw/ the original] on 8 August 2009.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 2014, [[Okavango Delta]] ya Botswana, e leng delta e kgolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng, e ne ya kwalwa jaaka [[Lefelo la Boswa jwa Lefatshe]] la sekete.&lt;ref&gt;[https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1159 &quot;World Heritage List reaches 1000 sites with inscription of Okavango Delta in Botswana&quot;]. UNESCO. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180726234253/http://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1159 Archived] from the original on 26 July 2018. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mafaratlhatlha ===
[[Setshwantsho:PSX 20190111 022104.jpg|thumb|180x180px|[[Air Botswana]] 31/12/18]]
[[Setshwantsho:Francistown interchange Botswana.png|thumb|220x220px|Thapama Interchange, [[Francistown]], [[Botswana]]]]
Botswana e na le diporo tsa dikilometara di le 971, ditsela tsa dikilometara di le 18 443,8 le maemelo a difofane a le masome a ferabongwe le bobedi, mme a le lesome le bobedi a one a na le ditsela tse di didilweng. Mo ditseleng tseo, dikilometara di le 7 383.2 di didilwe, fa dikilometara tse dingwe di le 11 060.6 di sa dilwa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country &quot;About Our Country § Transport&quot;]. [[:en:Government_of_Botswana|Government of Botswana]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231022105828/https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country Archived] from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Setlamo sa difofane sa setshaba ke sa [[Air Botswana]], se se fofang mo gae le kwa mafatsheng a mangwe mo Aforika. [[Botswana Railways]] ke kompone ya bosetšhaba ya diterena, e e dirang thata mo thulaganyong ya diterena tsa kgaolo ya Borwa jwa Aforika. Botswana Railways e fa ditiro tsa dipalamo tse di tsamaisang mefuta e e farologanyeng ya ditirelo mo makalaneng a meepo le madirelo , gammogo le ditirelo tsa terena ya bapalami le maemelodikepe a a omileng.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gov.bw/en/ministries--authorities/ministries/ministry-of-transport-and-communications/departments/department-of-roads/divisions/ &quot;Ministry of Transport and Communications&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180729080321/http://www.gov.bw/en/ministries--authorities/ministries/ministry-of-transport-and-communications/departments/department-of-roads/divisions Archived] from the original on 29 July 2018. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.botswanarailways.co.bw/profile &quot;Botswana Railways&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190121232609/http://www.botswanarailways.co.bw/profile Archived] from the original on 21 January 2019. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Fa re bua ka mafaratlhatlha a motlakase mo Botswana, lefatshe leo le ntsha magala a motlakase mme le reka oli kwa ntle ga lefatshe leo. Bosheng jaana, lefatshe le tsere kgatlhego e kgolo mo metsweding ya kgotletso a a ntšhwafadiwang mme e tlhamile leano le le tseneletseng la go ngoka babeeletsi mo madirelong a kgotletsoa a ntšhwafadiwang a phefo, a letsatsi le a biomass. Diteishene tsa motlakase tsa Botswana di akaretsa [[Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Morupule B]] (600 MW), [[Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Morupule A]] (132 MW), [[Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Orapa]] (90 MW), [[Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Phakalane]] (1.3 MW) le [[Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Mmamabula]] (300 MW), tseo go lebeletsweng gore di tla nna tsa maranyane mo nakong e sa fediseng pelo. [[Sefetlhamotlakase sa letsatsi]] sa 200-MW se mo kgatong ya go rulaganngwa le go tlhamiwa kwa Lephateng la Meepo, Maranyane le Tshireletsego ya Kgotletso.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.sundaystandard.info/unusual-tourism-ministry-solar-power-plant-tender-raises-eyebrows &quot;Unusual Tourism ministry solar power plant tender raises eyebrows&quot;]. ''Sunday Standard''. Gaborone. 3 December 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201028231344/https://www.sundaystandard.info/unusual-tourism-ministry-solar-power-plant-tender-raises-eyebrows/ Archived] from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190121232514/http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&amp;aid=1253&amp;dir=2012/June/Friday22/ &quot;Botswana – energy sector overview&quot;]. ''mmegi.bw''. 22 June 2012. Archived from [http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&amp;aid=1253&amp;dir=2012/June/Friday22/ the original] on 21 January 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

Lefatshe ja Botswana le ntse le nosiwa mêtse ke makalana a a farologaneng mô dingwagêng difetileng. Water Utilities Corporation e ntse e nosa ditorôpô le ditorôpôkgolo. Mô godimo ga môo, kômpône êno, e ntse e tshwaragane le Lephata ja Mêtse le Dikhansele tsa Dikgaolô ka bokete jwa mêtse go abiwa le mafelo a mangwê a lefatshe leno. Maikaêlêlô a Lenanêô ja go Dira Diphêtogô mô Mhamêng wa Mêtse ke go rarabolola ditsamaisô tsêno marara, go bêng jalo go nne bonôlô go isa mêtse kwa bathung.Eeng sê se tlamilêng gore go diragadiwê Lenanêô ja go Dira Diphêtogô mô Mhamêng wa Mêtse? Kanokô ya Lenanêôlegolo ja Setshaba ja Phatlalatsô Mêtse ja 2005-2006, le ne la re go diriwê diphêtogôdigolo mô mhamêng wa mêtse, mme dingwe tsa tsônê e le gore, go kgaoganngwê tsamaisô ya mhama wa mêtse le makalana a mangwê a a thusang ka ditirêlô. Morago ga dikanokô tsêo, ba ne ba gakolola gore Water Utilities Corporation e tsêyê tsamaisô yôtlhê ya go nosa lefatshe jêno&lt;ref&gt;www.mmewr.gov.bw/downloads/download.php?dir&lt;/ref&gt;.

==Dipalopalo==
Go tloga ka 2024, [[Batho ba letso la Setswana|Batswana]] ke morafe o o nang le bontsi mo Botswana, ba dira mo e ka nnang 79% ya baagi, ba latelwa ke [[Bakalaka|Ba-Kalanga]] ka 11% le [[Basarwa|Ba-San]] (Basarwa) ka 3%. 7% e e setseng e na le [[Batswana ba Basweu]]/Batswana ba Yuropa,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; [[Makula|Maindia]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; le palo ya merafe e mengwe e mennye ya Borwa jwa Aforika.

Ditlhopha tsa tlholego di akaretsa [[Bayeyi|Bayei]], Bambukushu, [[Basubia]], Baherero le [[Bakgalagadi]]. Batho ba bannye ba Maindia ba bopilwe ke bafaladi ba bsheng le ditlogolwana tsa bafaladi ba Maindia ba ba gorogileng go tswa kwa [[Mozambique]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzania]], [[Mauritius]] le Aforika Borwa.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.med.upenn.edu/radiationoncologymedicalresidency/assets/user-content/documents/Botwana%20Handbook.pdf &quot;Botswana U-PENN Partnership&quot;] (PDF). p. 10. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531100746/https://www.med.upenn.edu/radiationoncologymedicalresidency/assets/user-content/documents/Botwana%20Handbook.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Bevölkerungspyramide Botswana 2016.png|thumb|220x220px|Pyramid ya baagi ba Botswana, 2016]]
Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2000, ka ntlha ya go senyega ga maemo a itsholelo kwa [[Zimbabwe]], palo ya [[batho ba Zimbabwe kwa Botswana]] e tlhatlogetse go nna dikete di le masomesome.&lt;ref&gt;[https://zimbabwe.iom.int/news/zimbabwe-diaspora-botswana-commends-goz-engagement-efforts-acknowledges-iom-support#:~:text=Due%20to%20its%20proximity%20to,financial%20services%20among%20other%20sectors. &quot;Zimbabwe diaspora in Botswana commends GoZ engagement efforts, acknowledges IOM support&quot;]. ''IOM Zimbabwe''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230925164056/https://zimbabwe.iom.int/news/zimbabwe-diaspora-botswana-commends-goz-engagement-efforts-acknowledges-iom-support#:~:text=Due%20to%20its%20proximity%20to,financial%20services%20among%20other%20sectors. Archived] from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Batho ba ba kwa tlase ga dikete tse some [[Basarwa|ba San]] ba santse ba tshela mokgwa wa bona wa botshelo wa setso wa [[go tsoma le go kgetla]]. Go tloga ka bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1990, puso ya bogareng ya Botswana e ntse e leka go ntsha Basarwa mo mafatsheng a bona a ditso, gongwe ka gonne ba nna mo kgaolong e e humileng ka diteemane.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160808232807/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0914_040914_labushmen_2.html &quot;African Bushmen Tour U.S. to Fund Fight for Land&quot;]. ''National Geographic''. 9 September 2004. Archived from [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0914_040914_labushmen_2.html the original] on 8 August 2016.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka 2010, [[James Anaya]], jaaka Mmegi yo o Kgethegileng ka ga seemo sa ditshwanelo tsa setho le dikgololesego tsa motheo tsa batho ba tlholego mo Lekgotleng la Ditshaba, o tlhalositse go latlhegelwa ke lefatshe jaaka seabe se segolo mo mathateng a mantsi a batho ba tlholego ba Botswana ba lebaneng le one, a nopola go ntshiwa ga Basarwa kwa [[Central CKGR Game Reserve]] (CKGR)&lt;ref&gt;[https://kubwafive-safaris.com/visit-central-kalahari-game-reserve-in-botswana/ &quot;Visit Central Kalahari Game Reserve In Botswana&quot;]. ''Kubwa Five Safaris''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201027071139/https://kubwafive-safaris.com/visit-central-kalahari-game-reserve-in-botswana/ Archived] from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; e le sekai se se kghethegileng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;Anaya, James (2 June 2010). [http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf Addendum – The situation of indigenous peoples in Botswana] (PDF) (Report). United Nations Human Rights Council. A/HRC/15/37/Add.2. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181006041536/http://unsr.jamesanaya.org/docs/countries/2010_report_botswana_en.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 6 October 2018. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;sup&gt;:2&lt;/sup&gt; Gareng ga dikgakololo tsa ga Anaya mo pegong e e yang kwa Lekgotleng la Ditshwanelo tsa Batho la Lekgotla La Ditshaba e ne e le gore mananeo a tlhabololo a tshwanetse go rotloetsa, ka go rerisana le merafe ya tlholego jaaka batho ba San le Bakgalagadi, ditiro tse di tsamaelanang le setso sa merafe eo jaaka ditiro tsa setso tsa go tsoma le go kokoanya&lt;sup&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;:19&lt;/sup&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! colspan=&quot;10&quot; |Ditoropo tse dikgolo mo Botswana

Palobatho ya Botswana 2022
|-
!Rank
!Leina
!Kgaolo
!Palo ya batho
!Rank
!Leina
!Kgaolo
!Palo ya batho
|-
|1
|[[Gaborone]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Borwa-Botlhaba|Borwa-Botlhaba]]
|246,325
|11
|[[Kanye]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Borwa|Borwa]]
|48,028
|-
|2
|[[Francistown]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Bokone-Botlhaba|Bokone-Botlhaba]]
|103,417
|12
|[[Selebi-Phikwe|Selibe Phikwe]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]]
|42,488
|-
|3
|[[Mogoditshane]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Kweneng|Kweneng]]
|88,006
|13
|[[Letlhakane]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]]
|36,338
|-
|4
|[[Maun]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Bokone-Bophirima|Bokone-Bophirima]]
|84,993
|14
|[[Ramotswa]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Borwa-Botlhaba|Borwa-Botlhaba]]
|33,271
|-
|5
|[[Molepolole]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Kweneng|Kweneng]]
|74,674
|15
|[[Lobatse]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Borwa-Botlhaba|Borwa-Botlhaba]]
|29,772
|-
|6
|[[Serowe]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]]
|55,676
|16
|[[Mmopane]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Kweneng|Kweneng]]
|25,345
|-
|7
|[[Tlokweng]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Borwa-Botlhaba|Borwa-Botlhaba]]
|55,508
|17
|[[Thamaga]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Kweneng|Kweneng]]
|25,297
|-
|8
|[[Palapye]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]]
|52,636
|18
|[[Moshupa]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Borwa|Borwa]]
|23,858
|-
|9
|[[Mochudi]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Kgatleng|Kgatleng]]
|50,317
|19
|[[Tonota]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]]
|23,296
|-
|10
|[[Mahalapye]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]]
|48,431
|20
|[[Bobonong]]
|[[Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)|Legare]]
|21,216
|}

=== Diteme ===
Teme ya semmuso mo Botswana ke Sekgoa, mme ê e buiwang thata mô Botswana ke [[Setswana]],&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country &quot;About Our Country&quot;]. ''Gov.bw''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231022105828/https://www.gov.bw/about-our-country Archived] from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 13 Phalane  2025. Botswana o na le merafe e le mmalwa go ralala lefatshe, e e kopanetsweng e le Batswana. Puo ya semmuso ke Sekgowa mme Setswana ke puo ya setshaba, le fa go na le dipuo tse dingwe tse di buiwang.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; ke sônê se golaganyang merafe ê farologanyeng go utlwana. Mo Setswaneng, ditlhongwa di botlhokwa go gaisa ka fa di leng ka teng mo dipuong tse dingwe tse dintsi, ka gonne Setswana ke [[puo ya Bantu]] mme e na le ditlhopha tsa maina tse di supiwang ke ditlhongwa tse. Di akaretsa ''Bo'', e e kayang lefatshe, ''Ba'', e e kayang batho, ''Mo'', e e leng motho a le mongwe, le ''Se'' e e leng puo. Sekai, morafe o mogolo wa Botswana ke morafe wa Tswana, ke ka moo leina la Botswana le bidiwang lefatshe la teng. Batho ka kakaretso ke Batswana, motho a le mongwe ke Motswana, mme puo e ba e buang ke Setswana.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.botswana.co.za/Cultural_Issues-travel/cultural-people-botswana.html &quot;Culture and Traditions of Botswana&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240421205122/https://www.botswana.co.za/Cultural_Issues-travel/cultural-people-botswana.html Archived] from the original on 21 April 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/tswana &quot;South African History Online&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240203180415/https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/tswana Archived] from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 13 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Ka gore go merafe ê e farologanyeng, Botswana o nale diteme tsê dingwe tsê di buiwang ke merafe êo, jaaka:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Teme !! Morafe
|-
| Sesarwa || [[Basarwa|Barwa]]
|-
|Sekgôthu
|[[Bakgôthu]]
|-
| Sebirwa || &lt;small&gt;[[Babirwa]]&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| Sesubiya || [[Basubiya]]
|-
| Sekalaka || [[Bakalaka]]
|-
| Sekgalagadi || [[Bakgalagadi]]
|-
| Sehambukushu || [[Bahambukushu]]
|-
| Seherero || [[Baherero]]
|-
| Sengwato || [[Bangwato]]
|-
| Setswapong || [[Batswapong]]
|}

=== Tumelo ===
Go fopholediwa gore 77% ya baagi ba naga ba itlhaola e le Bakeresete. [[Ma-Anglican]], [[Ma-Methodist]] le [[Kereke ya Phuthego e e Kopaneng ya Borwa jwa Aforika]] ke bontsi jwa mekgatlho ya Bokeresete. Gape lefatshe le le na le diphuthego tsa:

* [[Bolutere]]
* [[Kolobetso]]
* [[Kereke ya Roma]]
* [[Kereke ya ga Jesu Keresete ya Baitshepi ba Malatsi a Bofelo]]
* [[Kereke ya Dutch Reformed]]
* [[Mennonites]]
* [[Badumedi ba Sabata]]
* [[Basupi ba ga Jehofa]]
* [[Kereke ya Orthodox ya Serbia]]

Go ya ka palo ya batho ya 2001, setšhaba seo se na le [[Muslims]] ba ka nnadikete tse tlhano (bogolo jang ba ba tswang kwa Asia Borwa), [[Bahindu]] ba le dikete tse tharo le ba le makgolo a supa ba [[Tumelo ya Baháʼí]]. Mo e ka nnang 20% ​​ya baagi ba itshupa [[ba se na bodumedi]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20131216190527/http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/botswana/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&amp;affiliations_year=20100 &quot;Botswana&quot;]. ''Pew Research Center's Religion &amp; Public Life Project''. 2010. Archived from [http://www.globalreligiousfutures.org/countries/botswana/religious_demography#/?affiliations_religion_id=0&amp;affiliations_year=20100 the original] on 16 December 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Botsogo ===
Tsamaiso ya tlhokomelo ya botsogo ya Botswana e ntse e tokafala le go atologa ka iketlo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;[https://www.unicef.org/botswana/health-and-nutrition &quot;Health and nutrition&quot;]. ''unicef.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220331124951/https://www.unicef.org/botswana/health-and-nutrition Archived] from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka tlhamalalo, dikelo tsa dintsho tsa masea le tsa baimana di ntse di fokotsega ka iketlo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ &quot;Africa :: Botswana — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency&quot;]. Central Intelligence Agency. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240208191649/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/botswana/ Archived] from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Diperesente di le masome a ferabobedi le botlhano tsa baagi ba nna mo lefelong la botsogo la dikilometara di le tlhano. Diperesente di le masome a supa le boraro tsa basadi ba ba imileng ba fitlhelela ditirelo tsa tlhokomelo ya pele ga pelegi bonnye makgetlho a le mane. Mo e ka nnang diperesente di le lekgolo tsa matsalo mo Botswana a diragala kwa dikokelong.&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot; /&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:Scottish Livingstone Hospital 228.jpg|thumb|220x220px|[[Scottish Livingstone Hospital]] kwa [[Molepolole]]]]
Lephata la Botsogo&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20171024133244/http://www.moh.gov.bw/ &quot;Ministry of Health&quot;]. Archived from [http://www.moh.gov.bw/ the original] on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; mo Botswana le na le maikarabelo a go okamela boleng le kabo ya tlhokomelo ya botsogo mo lefatsheng lotlhe. [[Botshelo jo bo solofetsweng]] fa ngwana a tsholwa e ne e le masome matlhano le botlhano ka 2009 go ya ka World Bank, e e neng e wetse tlase go tswa mo setlhoeng sa masome marataro le bone le sephatlo sa 0.1 ka 1990 go ya kwa tlase kwa go masome mane le boferabongwe ka 2002.&lt;ref&gt;[http://data.worldbank.org/country/botswana &quot;World Bank Botswana Data&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110709120507/http://data.worldbank.org//country//botswana Archived] from the original on 9 July 2011. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Fa e sale ka palobatho ya Botswana ya 2011, dingwaga tsa ga jaana tsa botshelo di fopholediwa go nna dingwaga di le masome a matlhano le bone le .06.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

[[Mokgatlho wa Kankere mo Botswana|Mokgatlho wa kankere wa Botswana]] ke mokgatlho wa boithaopo o e seng wa puso o o leng leloko la lekgotla la boditšhabatšhaba la taolo ya kankere. Mokgatlho o tlaleletsa ditirelo tse di leng teng ka go tlamela ka mananeo a thibelo ya kankere le go tsibosa ka boitekanelo, go tlhofofatsa phitlhelelo ya ditirelo tsa botsogo tsa balwetse ba kankere le go neelana ka tshegetso le kgakololo mo go ba ba amegang.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.uicc.org/membership/cancer-association-botswana &quot;Cancer Association of Botswana&quot;]. Union for International Cancer Control. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130528080003/http://www.uicc.org/membership/cancer-association-botswana Archived] from the original on 28 May 2013. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Maduo a Botswana a 2024 a Global Hunger Index (GHI) ke 20.7.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.globalhungerindex.org/ranking.html &quot;Global Hunger Index Scores by 2024 GHI Rank&quot;]. ''Global Hunger Index (GHI) – peer-reviewed annual publication designed to comprehensively measure and track hunger at the global, regional, and country levels''. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Segajaja sa HIV/AIDS ===
[[Setshwantsho:Life expectancy in select African countries, 1950–2019.jpg|thumb|290x290px|Tebelelo ya botshelo mo mafatsheng a a tlhophilweng a Borwa jwa Aforika, 1950–2019. [[HIV/AIDS]] e dirile gore dingwaga tsa botshelo di fokotsege.]]
Fela jaaka mo mafelong a mangwe mo Aforika e e kwa Borwa jwa Sahara, [[manokonoko a AIDS mo itsholelong]] a magolo thata. Ditshenyegelo tsa tlhabololo ya itsholelo di ne tsa fokodiwa ka 10% ka 2002–2003 ka ntlha ya ditlhaelo tsa kabo ya madi tse di ipoeletsang le ditshenyegelo tse di tlhatlogang mo ditirelong tsa tlhokomelo ya botsogo. Lefatshe la Botswana le amilwe thata ke [[segajaja sa AIDS]]; ka 2006, go ne ga fopholediwa gore dingwaga tsa botshelo fa motho a tsholwa di ne di wetse tlase go tswa go dingwaga di le masome marataro le botlhano go ya go di le masome mararo le botlhano.&lt;ref&gt;Kallings, LO (2008). [[doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x|&quot;The first postmodern pandemic: 25 years of HIV/AIDS&quot;]]. ''J Intern Med''. '''263''' (3): 218–243. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x|10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01910.x]]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18205765 18205765]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:205339589 205339589].&lt;/ref&gt; Botshelo jo bo solofetsweng ke dingwaga di le masome marataro le borataro le.4 go tloga ka 2024.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Ka 2003, puso e ne ya simolola thulaganyo e e tseneletseng e e neng e akaretsa melemo ya mahala kgotsa e e tlhwatlhwatlase ya [[antiretroviral]] mmogo le letsholo la tshedimosetso le le diretsweng go emisa go anama ga mogare ono; ka 2013, go feta 40% ya bagolo kwa Botswana ba ne ba kgona go bona kalafi ya diritibatsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160620173755/http://files.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2014/unaids_gap_report_en.pdf &quot;The Gap Report&quot;] (PDF). Geneva: UN AIDS. 2014. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20160620173755/http://files.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2014/unaids_gap_report_en.pdf the original] (PDF) on 20 June 2016. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;sup&gt;: 28&lt;/sup&gt; Mo setlhopheng sa dingwaga di le 15–19, go anama go ne go fopholediwa go 6% mo basading le 3.5% mo banneng ka 2013,&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;&lt;sup&gt;:33&lt;/sup&gt;, mme mo setlhopheng sa 20–24, 15% mo basading le 5% mo banneng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;&lt;sup&gt;:33&lt;/sup&gt; Botswana ke nngwe ya mafatshe a le masome mabedi le motso a a tlang pele a a supilweng ke setlhopha sa AIDS sa UN ka 2011 mo Leanong la Lefatshe Lotlhe go fedisa dipalo tse disha HIV mo baneng le go boloka bomme ba bone gore ba tshele.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;&lt;sup&gt;:38&lt;/sup&gt; Ka fa tlase ga 10% ya basadi ba ba imileng ba ba nang le mogare wa HIV ba ne ba sa amogele melemo ya antiretroviral ka 2013, ka phokotsego e kgolo, e e tsamaelanang (go feta 50%) ya palo ya dipalo tse disha tsa HIV mo baneng ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le tlhano. Ka fa tlase ga 10% ya basadi ba ba imileng ba ba tshwaeditsweng ke HIV ba ne ba sa amogele melemo ya antiretroviral ka 2013, ka phokotsego e kgolo, e e tsamaelanang (go feta 50%) ya phokotsego ya dipalo tse disha tsa HIV mo baneng ba ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga tse tlhano.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;&lt;sup&gt;:39,40&lt;/sup&gt;  Mo mafatsheng a Leano la Lefatshe Lotlhe la UN, batho ba ba tshelang ka HIV kwa Botswana ke bone ba ba amogelang kalafi ya diritibatsi ka diperesente tse di kwa godimo: e ka nna 75% mo bagolong (dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano le go feta) le e ka nna 98% mo baneng.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;&lt;sup&gt;:237&lt;/sup&gt;

Lefatshe le amilwe thata ke [[HIV/AIDS mo Botswana|segajaja sa HIV/AIDS]]. Ka 2002, Botswana e nnile lefatshe la ntlha go aba ka [[melemo ya anti-retroviral]] (ARVs) go thusa go lwantsha leroborobo leo.&lt;ref&gt;Rollnick, Roman (September 2002). [https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/botswanas-high-stakes-assault-aids &quot;Botswana's high-stakes assault on AIDS&quot;]. ''[[:en:Africa_Renewal|Africa Renewal]]''. '''16''' (10). United Nations: 6–9. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12458550 12458550]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230113083425/https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/september-2002/botswanas-high-stakes-assault-aids Archived] from the original on 13 January 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa go ne ga simololwa mananeo a go dira gore kalafi e nne teng le go ruta batho ka segajaja se,&lt;ref&gt;Powell, Alvin (16 April 2009). [https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2009/04/mogae-shifts-stress-to-hiv-prevention/ &quot;Mogae shifts stress to HIV prevention&quot;]. ''[[:en:Harvard_Gazette|Harvard Gazette]]''. [[:en:Harvard_University|Harvard University]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230329064055/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2009/04/mogae-shifts-stress-to-hiv-prevention/ Archived] from the original on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; palo ya batho ba ba nang le AIDS e ne ya tlhatloga go tswa go 290 000 ka 2005 go ya go 320 000 ka 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;:17&quot; /&gt;&lt;sup&gt;:A20&lt;/sup&gt;   Le fa go ntse jalo, mo dingagweng tse di sa tswang go feta, lefatshe le dirile diphithelelo tse di bonalang mo go lwantsheng HIV/AIDS, ka maiteko a a dirwang go tlamela ka kalafi e e siameng le go fokotsa seelo sa phetisetso ya mogare go tswa mo go mmangwana go ya kwa leseeng.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2021/december/emtct_botswana &quot;Botswana is first country with severe HIV epidemic to reach key milestone in the elimination of mother-to-child HIV transmission&quot;]. Brazzaville: UN AIDS. 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220731120716/https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2021/december/emtct_botswana Archived] from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention|&quot;Partnership for Success: CDC and Botswana Lead Progress Toward HIV Epidemic Control&quot;]]. [[:en:Centers_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention|Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]]. 30 September 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230329064059/https://www.cdc.gov/globalhivtb/who-we-are/success-stories/success-story-pages/partnership-for-success.html Archived] from the original on 29 March 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka lenaneo la lefatshe ka bophara la Thibelo ya Phetiso ya HIV go tswa go Mmangwana go ya kwa Leseeng, Botswana e fokoditse phetiso ya HIV go tswa mo go bomme ba ba nang le mogare go ya kwa baneng ba bone go tswa mo go kanna ka 40% ka 2003 go ya go 4% ka 2010. Ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa ga [[Festus Mogae]], puso ya Botswana e ne ya kopa thuso ya kwa ntle mo go fodiseng batho ba ba nang le HIV/ AIDS mme ya bona thuso ka bonako go tswa go [[Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation]] le Mokgatlho wa Merck, o mmogo o neng wa bopa African Comprehensive HIV/AIDS Partnership (ACHAP). Balekane ba bangwe ba ntlha ba akaretsa [[Botswana–Harvard AIDS Institute]] ya [[Sekolo sa Harvard sa Boitekanelo jwa Setšhaba]] le Tirisanommogo ya Botswana–UPenn ya [[Yunibesithi ya Pennsylvania]]. Go ya ka Pego ya UNAIDS ya 2011, phitlhelelo ya kalafi mo lefatsheng lotlhe—e e tlhalosiwang jaaka 80% kgotsa go feta—e fitlheletswe mo Botswana.&lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf World AIDS Day Report]'' (PDF), UNAIDS, 2011, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130601011732/http://www.unaids.org/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/unaidspublication/2011/JC2216_WorldAIDSday_report_2011_en.pdf archived] (PDF) from the original on 1 June 2013, retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Setso ==
[[Setshwantsho:Tomeletso Seeretsi.jpg|thumb|175x175px|Tomeletso Sereetsi wa Sereetsi &amp; The Natives a diragatsa kwa Maitisong Theatre mo Gaborone. Setshwantsho ka Thalefang Charles]]
[[Setshwantsho:Tswana Small Basket.jpg|thumb|175x175px|Tlatlana ya Setswana]]
Mmino wa Botswana bontsi ke wa lentswe le go diragadiwa, fa gongwe go sena meropa go ikaegile ka moletlo; gape o dirisa thata diletswa tsa megala. Mmino wa setso wa Botswana o na le diletswa jaaka setinkane (mofuta wa piano e nnye), segankure/segaba (mofuta wa seletswa sa Setšhaena sa [[erhu]]), moropa (''meropa'' go kaya bontsi) le phala (phala e e dirisiwang thata ka nako ya meletlo). Diatla ka dinako tse dingwe di dirisiwa jaaka diletswa tsa mmino le tsone, ka go opa diatla mmogo kgotsa kgatlhanong le ''phathisi'' (letlalo la podi le le retolotsweng ka fa teng le le phuthetsweng mo lefelong la potongwane, le dirisiwa fela ke banna) go tlhama mmino le moribo. Pina ya setshaba ke &quot;[[Fatshe leno la rona]]&quot;, e e kwadilweng le go tlhamiwa ke [[Kgalemang Tumediso Motsete]]; e ne ya amogelwa fa go ne go bonwa boipuso ka 1966.&lt;ref&gt;Makgala, Christian John (3 July 2014). &quot;Neil Parsons, National Coat of Arms, and Introduction of the Pula Currency in Botswana, 1975–1976&quot;. ''South African Historical Journal''. '''66''' (3): 504–520. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1080/02582473.2014.898081|10.1080/02582473.2014.898081]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0258-2473 0258-2473]. [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159475736 159475736].&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/31255 &quot;Welcome to Daily News .:. General - Birth of nation&quot;]. ''dailynews.gov.bw''. [https://archive.today/20200126140631/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news-details.php?nid=31255 Archived] from the original on 26 January 2020. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.knowbotswana.com/botswana-music.html &quot;Botswana Music&quot;]. ''KnowBotswana''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200321163524/http://www.knowbotswana.com/botswana-music.html Archived] from the original on 21 March 2020. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwa bokone jwa Botswana, bomme ba metse ya Etsha le [[Gumare]] ba itsege ka botswerere jwa bone jwa go dira diroto ka [[setlhare sa mokola]] le [[mebala]] ya selegae. Diroto ka kakaretso di logwa ka mefuta e meraro: mebanki e megolo e e nang le dikhurumelo e e dirisediwang go boloka; ditlatlana tse dikgolo tse di bulegileng tsa go rwala dilo mo tlhogong kgotsa tsa go hehera mabele a a photlhilweng; le ditshelo tse dinnye tsa go hehera mabele a a thugilweng. Diroto tse di dirisa mmala ka tlhomamo.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Botswana#CITEREFCunninghamMilton1987|Cunningham &amp; Milton 1987]].&lt;/ref&gt;

Ditshwantsho tsa bogologolo go tswa kwa Botswana le Aforika Borwa di bontsha ditshwantsho tsa go tsoma, diphologolo le batho, mme di dirilwe ke Bakhoisan (Kung San/Bushmen) dingwaga di feta dikete tse masome mabedi tse di fetileng mo teng ga [[Sekaka sa Kalahari]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.visionaryartexhibition.com/4/post/2017/05/an-introduction-to-bushman-rock-art.html &quot;An Introduction to Bushman Rock Art&quot;]. ''VISIONARY ART EXHIBITION''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604180649/https://www.visionaryartexhibition.com/archaic-visions/an-introduction-to-bushman-rock-art Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Dijo ===
Dijo tsa bosetšhaba ke [[Nama ya Seswaa|seswaa]], nama e e thugilweng e e dirilweng ka nama ya podi kgotsa ya kgomo, kgotsa nama e e omisitsweng, e e fodisitsweng ya [[Segwapa]] go simolola ka nama ya kgomo go ya go nama ya diphologolo, e ka nna di-fillet tsa nama tse di segilweng go nna megalanyana go tsamaya ka meralo ya mesifa, kgotsa dikarolo tse di sephaphathi tse di segilweng go kgabaganya moralo. Dijo tsa Botswana di na le setshwano sengwe le dijo tse dingwe tsa borwa jwa Aforika.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.botswana.co.za/Cultural_Issues-travel/food-of-botswana.html &quot;The Food of Botswana – Traditional Botswana Cuisine&quot;]. ''botswana.co.za''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230106140404/https://www.botswana.co.za/Cultural_Issues-travel/food-of-botswana.html Archived] from the original on 6 January 2023. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Dikai tsa dijo tsa Botswana ke: [[bogobe]], [[phaletshe]] (bogobe jwa mmidi), [[Boerewors|boroso]], [[setampa]], [[Magwinya]] le [[phane]]. Bogobe bo dirwa ka go tsenya boupi jwa mabele, mmidi kgotsa lebelebele mo metsing a a belang, bo bo bo fuduiwa go nna motogo o o boleta, mme bo apewe ka iketlo. Sejo se se bidiwang ''ting'' se dirwa fa mashi le sukiri di tsenngwa mo mabelen kgotsa mmiding o o bedisitsweng. Ting e e senang mashi le sukiri ka dinako tse dingwe e jewa ka nama kgotsa merogo ka nako ya dijo tsa motshegare kgotsa tsa maitseboa. Tsela e nngwe ya go dira bogobe ke go tsenya madila le lerotse. Morafe wa Kalanga o bitsa sejo seno ''thopi''. Madila a diriwa ka mashi a a bedisitsweng a setso a a tshwanang le [[yogurt]] kgotsa [[sour cream]].&lt;ref&gt;Ohenhen, Regina; Imarenezor, E.P.K; Kihuha, A.N. (2013), [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315493533 &quot;Microbiome of madila – a southern-african fermented milk product&quot;], ''International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences'', vol. 2 (2) (2013) 170–175, [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604180657/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315493533_Microbiome_of_madila_-_a_southern-african_fermented_milk_product archived] from the original on 4 June 2024, retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Metshameko ===
[[Setshwantsho:Francistown Stadium Botswana.jpg|thumb|210x210px|[[Obed Itani Chilume Stadium|Lebala la Metshameko la Obed Itani Chilume]]]]
[[Kgwele ya dinao]] ke motshameko o o tumileng thata mo Botswana. Go iponela phatlha go ya kwa Sejaneng sa Ditšhabatšhaba sa Aforika sa 2012 ke phitlhelelo e e kwa godimo ya setlhopha sa bosetšhaba go fitlha ga jaana. Metshameko e mengwe e e ratwang ke softball, [[cricket]], tennis, [[rugby]], badminton, [[handball]], golf le mabelo.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20090114095524/http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20060126 &quot;Sparks to fly at Diamond&quot;]. Botswana Press Agency (BOPA). 26 January 2006. Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20060126 the original] on 14 January 2009. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20061003050400/http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20040813 &quot;Opinion the Academic World&quot;]. Botswana Press Agency (BOPA). Archived from [http://www.gov.bw/cgi-bin/news.cgi?d=20040813 the original] on 3 October 2006. Retrieved 15 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Botswana ke leloko le le tshwaraganeng le Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Kirikete. Lefatshe la Botswana le ne la nna leloko la lekgotla la mafatshefatshe la Badminton le la Africa Badminton Federation ka ngwaga wa 1991. Lekgotla la [[Botswana Golf Union]] le na le liki ya batshameki ba golofo ba ba sa itseng go le kalo e mo go yone batshameki ba golofo ba gaisanang mo dikgaisanyong le mo dikgaisanong tsa bommampodi. Motabogi [[Nijel Amos]] o ne a gapela Botswana setsele sa ntlha sa diolimpiki ka 2012, a tsaya [[selefera]] mo lebelong la dimitara di le 800.

Ka ngwaga wa 2011, [[Amantle Montsho]] o ne a nna [[mmampodi wa lefatshe]] mo lobelong lwa dimitara di le makgolo a mane mme a ikgapela sekgele sa ntlha sa Botswana sa mabelo mo maemong a lefatshe. Motlodi wa high jump [[Kabelo Kgosiemang]] ke [[mmampodi wa Aforika]] makgetlho a le mararo. [[Isaac Makwala]] ke motabogi yo o itsegeng ka dimitara di le 400 yo e neng e le mofenyi wa seetsele sa gauta kwa Metshamekong ya Mafatshe a Selekane ka 2018. [[Baboloki Thebe]] e ne e le mofenyi wa seetsele sa  selefera mo dimitara di le 200 kwa Diolimpiking tsa Basha tsa Selemo tsa 2014 mme o ne a fitlha kwa makgaolakgannyeng kwa 2014 World Junior Championships mo mabelong. [[Ross Branch|Ross Branch Ross]], mokgweetsi wa dithuthuthu, o tshotse maemo a ntlha mo Bommampoding ba Aforika Borwa ba Kgabaganyo ya Lefatshe mme o kile a gaisana kwa [[Dakar Rally]]. [[Letsile Tebogo]] o tlhomile rekoto ya lefatshe ya basha mo dimitara di le 100 ka nako ya 9.94 kwa Dikgaisanong tsa Lefatshe Lotlhe tsa Mabelo tsa 2022,&lt;ref&gt;Ramsay, George (4 October 2022). [https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/04/sport/letsile-tebogo-interview-athletics-spt-intl/index.html &quot;Teenage sprinter Letsile Tebogo wants to be remembered as an athletics great&quot;]. CNN. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240701143613/https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/04/sport/letsile-tebogo-interview-athletics-spt-intl/index.html Archived] from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; mme, go tloga ka 2024, o na le nako ya boraro e e gaisang mo lefatsheng ya dimitara di le 100 le dimitara di le 300 ya metsotswana e le 30.69.&lt;ref&gt;[https://worldathletics.org/athletes/botswana/letsile-tebogo-14883897 &quot;Letsile TEBOGO | Profile | World Athletics&quot;]. ''worldathletics.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240418081510/https://worldathletics.org/athletes/botswana/letsile-tebogo-14883897 Archived] from the original on 18 April 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Phatwe a supa 2021, Botswana e ne ya gapa seetsele sa bronze mo kgaisanong ya Banna ya dimitara di le 4 × 400 kwa Diolimpiking kwa Tokyo. Botswana e nnile setšhaba sa ntlha sa Aforika go tshegetsa Sejana sa Lefatshe sa Basha sa Bolotloa.&lt;ref&gt;[http://big5.news.cn/gate/big5/www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-06/23/c_136387328.htm &quot;Botswana ready to host Netball World Youth Cup – Xinhua | English.news.cn&quot;]. ''big5.news.cn''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531003008/http://big5.news.cn/gate/big5/www.xinhuanet.com//english/2017-06/23/c_136387328.htm Archived] from the original on 31 May 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nwyc2017.com/content/netball-world-youth-cup-gaborone-2017 &quot;Netball World Youth Cup Gaborone 2017 | NWYC2017&quot;]. 22 July 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240604180649/https://www.nwyc2017.com/content/netball-world-youth-cup-gaborone-2017 Archived] from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Phatwe a ferabobedi 2024, Letsile Tebogo o ne a gapa seetsele sa gauta wsa ntlha sa Botswana sa Diolimpiki tsa Diolimpiki tsa 2024 kwa Paris morago ga go fetsa mo maemong a ntlha mo [[Makgaolakgang a banna a 200m|makgaolakgannyeng a banna a 200m]], a fetsa ka nako ya metsotswana e le 19.46.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nbcolympics.com/news/letsile-tebogo-stuns-american-trio-200m-olympic-gold-paris &quot;Letsile Tebogo stuns American trio for 200m Olympic gold in Paris | NBC Olympics&quot;]. ''www.nbcolympics.com''. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Motshameko wa dikarata wa [[bridge]] o na le balatedi ba ba nonofileng; o ne wa tshamekiwa la ntlha mo Botswana dingwaga di ka nna masome mane tse di fetileng, mme wa gola ka go tuma ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980. Barutabana ba le bantsi ba dikolo tsa batswakwa ba Borithane ba ne ba ruta motshameko ono ka tsela e e sa rulaganngwang kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane tsa Botswana. Mokgatlho wa Botswana wa Bridge (BBF) o tlhomilwe ka 1988. Bridge o ntse o a ratwa mme BBF e na le maloko a a fetang makgolo a ferabobedi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20080227184536/http://www.bnsc.co.bw/affiliates/bridge_federation.htm &quot;Botswana Bridge Federation&quot;]. Botswana National Sports Council. Archived from [http://www.bnsc.co.bw/affiliates/bridge_federation.htm the original] on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 2007, BBF e ne ya laletsa [[Mokgatlho wa Bridge wa Seesemane]] go tshwara thulaganyo ya go ruta ya beke yotlhe ka Motsheganong 2008.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ebu.co.uk/general/news/2008/BotswanaTrip.htm &quot;English Bridge Union&quot;]. English Bridge Union. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080227184536/http://www.ebu.co.uk/general/news/2008/BotswanaTrip.htm Archived] from the original on 27 February 2008. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Thuto ==
[[Setshwantsho:University of Botswana 20200310.jpg|thumb|175x175px|Sekolo sa legare sa Mmadikolo wa Botswana e supa lefelo la Baithuti]]
[[Setshwantsho:University of Botswana, Library 20200321.jpg|thumb|175x175px|Mo motlobong wa dibuka kwa [[Mmadikolo wa Botswana]]]]
Botswana e nnile le kgatelopele mo thutong fa e sale e bona boipuso ka 1966 fa go ne go na le dialogane tsa diyunibesithi di le masome mabedi le bobedi fela mo lefatsheng&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:Botswana#CITEREFDionne2016|Dionne 2016]].&lt;/ref&gt; le gape phesente e nnye thata ya baagi e e neng e tsena sekolo se segolwane. Botswana e okeditse seelo sa yone sa batho ba bagolo ba ba itseng go bala le go kwala go tswa go 69% ka 1991 go ya go 83% ka 2008.&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot;&gt;[http://stats.uis.unesco.org/ &quot;UNESCO Institute for Statistics&quot;]. UNESCO. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080725065836/http://stats.uis.unesco.org/ Archived] from the original on 25 July 2008. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Mo mafatsheng a Aforika a a kwa borwa jwa Sahara, Botswana e na le nngwe ya dikelo tse di kwa godimo tsa go itse go bala le go kwala.&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot;&gt;[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/literacy/ &quot;Literacy – The World Factbook&quot;]. Central Intelligence Agency. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230401014237/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/literacy/ Archived] from the original on 1 April 2023. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Go tloga ka 2024, 88.5% ya baagi ba dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano le go feta ba ne ba kgona go bala le go kwala mme ba ne ba itse go bala le go kwala ka go latelana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt;

[[Lephata la Thuto la Botswana]]&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.today/20120804205657/http://www.moe.gov.bw/index.php?id=10 &quot;Ministry of Education and Skills Development: Home&quot;]. Moe.gov.bw. 27 July 2011. Archived from [http://www.moe.gov.bw/index.php?id=10 the original] on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; le berekela go tlhoma metlobo ya dibuka mo dikolong tse di potlana ka tirisanommogo le [[African Library Project]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.africanlibraryproject.org/about-us/our-partners/139-library-partner-botswana-ministry-of-education &quot;Library Partner – Botswana Ministry of Education&quot;]. Africanlibraryproject.org. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110903102928/http://www.africanlibraryproject.org/about-us/our-partners/139-library-partner-botswana-ministry-of-education Archived] from the original on 3 September 2011. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Puso ya Botswana]] e solofela gore go beeletsa karolo e kgolo ya lotseno lwa bosetšhaba mo thutong go tla dira gore lefatshe le se ka la ikaega thata ka diteemane go tshela mo itsholelong ya yone, mme e se ka ya ikaega thata ka batswakwa go bona badiri ba yone ba ba nang le bokgoni.&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140416191627/http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/worldtvetdatabase1.php?ct=BWA &quot;UNESCO-UNEVOC's Botswana profile&quot;]. UNESCO. Archived from [http://www.unevoc.unesco.org/worldtvetdatabase1.php?ct=BWA the original] on 16 April 2014. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; NPVET ((National Policy on Vocational Education and Training) e simolodisitse melawana e e  tshegetsang thuto ya tiro ya diatla.&lt;ref name=&quot;:20&quot; /&gt; Botswana e beeletsa 21% ya madi a puso e a dirisa mo thutong.&lt;ref name=&quot;:18&quot; /&gt;

Ka Firikgong 2006, Botswana e ne ya itsise go tsenngwa gape ga dituediso tsa sekolo morago ga dingwaga di le masome a mabedi tsa thuto ya mahala ya puso,&lt;ref&gt;[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4601360.stm &quot;Botswana brings back school fees&quot;]. ''BBC News''. 11 January 2006. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060203014610/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4601360.stm Archived] from the original on 3 February 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; le fa puso e santse e tlamela ka dithuso tsa madi a go ithuta ka botlalo le ditshenyegelo tsa go tshela go moagi mongwe le mongwe wa Botswana yo o kwa yunibesithing, e ka tswa e le kwa [[Mmadikolo wa Botswana]] kgotsa, fa moithuti a eletsa go tswelela ka thuto e e feletseng e e seyong mo gae, ba neelwa thuso ya madi a go ithuta kwa moseja.&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.collegescholarships.org/scholarships/country/botswana.htm &quot;Scholarship Funding to Study in Botswana&quot;]. ''collegescholarships.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240601060607/https://www.collegescholarships.org/scholarships/country/botswana.htm Archived] from the original on 1 June 2024. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Tsa maranyane ===
[[Setshwantsho:Lady Physicist.jpg|thumb|230x230px|Physicist mo laboratoring kwa [[Botswana International University of Science and Technology]]]]
Ka 2015, Botswana e ne ya rulaganya go dirisa tsa maranyane go kabakanya itsholelo ya yone mme ka jalo e fokotse go ikaega ga yone ka meepo ya diteemane.&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot;&gt;''[http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030]'' (PDF). Paris: UNESCO. 2015. pp. 546–547. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] &lt;bdi&gt;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-3-100129-1|978-92-3-100129-1]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170322210919/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Botswana e phatlaladitse ''Melawana ya yone ya Bosetšhaba e e tlhabolotsweng ya Dipatlisiso le Maranyane'' ka 2011, mo teng ga porojeke ya UNESCO e e tshegediwang ke Setheo sa Spain sa Tirisanommogo le Tlhabololo ya Boditšhabatšhaba (AECID). Melawana e e tlhamilwe mo ditokomaneng tsa togamaano tse di akaretsang ''Leano la Bosetšhaba la Tlhabololo la Botswana la 2016'' le ''Tebelopele ya 2016''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt; ''Melawana ya Bosetšhaba e e tlhabolotsweng ya Dipatlisiso le Maranyane'' (2011) e beile seelo sa go tlhatlosa ditshenyegelo tsotlhe tsa selegae mo [[Dipatlisiso le ditlhabololo|dipatlisisong le tlhabololong]] (R&amp;D) go tswa go 0.26% ya GDP ka 2012 go ya go feta 2% ya GDP ka 2016. Seelo se se ka fitlhelelwa fela mo nakong e e beilweng ka go tlhatlosa tiriso ya madi a setšhaba mo R&amp;D.&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt; Botswana e na le nngwe ya dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa babatlisisi mo Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara: makgolo a mararo le masome a mane le bone mo baaging ba le sedikadike (ka dipalo tsa ditlhogo), fa go bapisiwa le palogare ya masome a ferabongwe le motso mo baaging ba le sedikadike ba kontinentepotlana ka 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot; /&gt; Botswana e ne e le mo maemong a bo masome a ferabobedi le bosupa mo [[Global Innovation Index]] ka 2024.&lt;ref&gt;[[:en:World_Intellectual_Property_Organization|World Intellectual Property Organization]] (2024). ''[https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2024/en/ Global Innovation Index 2024: Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship]''. World Intellectual Property Organization. p. 18. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.34667/tind.50062|10.34667/tind.50062]]. ISBN 978-92-805-3681-2. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ngwaga wa 2009, kompone e e kwa Botswana ya Deaftronics e ne ya simolola sedirisiwa se se thusang go utlwa se se dirisang maatla a letsatsi morago ga dingwaga di le thataro se ntse se dira sekao sa sone. Fa e sa le ka nako eo, Deaftronics e setse e rekisitse didirisiwa tse di fetang dikete tse lesome tse di thusang go utlwa. Sediriswa sengwe le sengwe se se thusang go utlwa se tlhwatlhwa ya $100 se le sengwe, se akaretsa dibeteri di le nne tse di tšhajiwang (tse di tsayang dingwaga di le tharo) le tšhajara ya letsatsi e e dirisiwang mo go tsone. Sedirisiwa se ga se ture fa se bapisiwa le didirisiwa tse dintsi tse di tshwanang, tse di ka simololang ka bokana ka $600.&lt;ref&gt;[https://qz.com/africa/443630/botswanas-hearing-aid-pioneers-are-betting-on-solar-power-to-go-global/ &quot;Botswana's hearing aid pioneers are betting on solar power to go global&quot;]. ''Quartz Africa''. 6 July 2015. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205421/https://qz.com/africa/443630/botswanas-hearing-aid-pioneers-are-betting-on-solar-power-to-go-global/ Archived] from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.deutschland.de/en/solar-powered-hearing-aids-botswana &quot;Solar Powered Hearing Aids, Botswana&quot;]. ''deutschland.de''. 2 June 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205130/https://www.deutschland.de/en/solar-powered-hearing-aids-botswana Archived] from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 2011, Lephata la Botswana la Dipatlisiso tsa Temo-thuo (DAR) le ne la ntsha dikgomo tsa Musi, tse di diretsweng go tokafatsa boleng jwa nama ya kgomo. Jaaka motswako wa mefuta ya [[Kgomo ya Tswana|Tswana]], [[Bonsmara]], [[Brahman]], [[Tuli]] le [[Simmental]],&lt;ref&gt;Kgathileng, Tebogo (27 July 2015). [https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/21751 &quot;Dept pleads for marketing of Musi&quot;]. ''Botswana Daily News''. [https://archive.today/20200520115011/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/news-details.php?nid=21751 Archived] from the original on 20 May 2020. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; go solofelwa gore motswako o tla lebisa kwa go ntsheng nama ya kgomo e e oketsegileng.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&amp;aid=166&amp;dir=2011%2FSeptember%2FThursday8%2F &quot;Hardy breed named Musi at unveiling&quot;]. ''mmegi.bw''. 6 August 2007. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190110013727/http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&amp;aid=166&amp;dir=2011/September/Thursday8/ Archived] from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 2016, Setheo sa Botswana sa Dipatlisiso le Boitshimololedi sa Maranyane (BITRI) se ne sa tlhama sedirisiwa sa go tlhatlhoba [[bolwetse jwa tlhako le molomo]] ka bonako ka tirisanommogo le Setheo sa Mekento sa Botswana le Setheo sa Tlhatlhobo ya Dijo sa Canada. Sediriswa se se tlhamilweng kwa Botswana se dira gore go kgonege go tlhatlhoba bolwetse mo lefelong.&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.rapidmicromethods.com/2016/12/bitri-develops-rapid-foot-and-mouth.html &quot;BITRI Develops Rapid Foot and Mouth Disease Test Kit&quot;]. ''rapidmicromethods.com''. 20 December 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190110013809/http://news.rapidmicromethods.com/2016/12/bitri-develops-rapid-foot-and-mouth.html?m=1 Archived] from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Thulaganyo ya [[Square Kilometre Array]] (SKA) ([[MeerKAT]]) e na le dijana le dieriele di le diketekete tse di anameng mo dikgaolong tse dikgolo tse di golagantsweng mmogo go bopa thelesekoupo e le nngwe e kgolo. Dijana tse dingwe di tlaa bo di le kwa mafatsheng a mangwe a robabobedi a Aforika, Botswana e le gareng ga tsone. Botswana e ne ya tlhophiwa go tsaya karolo ka ntlha ya lefelo la yone le le siameng mo lobopong le le kwa borwa le mo tikologong, e leng se se ka kgontshang go kokoanya tshedimosetso bonolo go tswa mo lobopong. Puso ya Botswana e agile thelesekoupo ya SKA ya pele kwa Kgale View, e leng Mafaratlhatlha a Aforika a Ditlhatlhobo tsa Mola o Moleele Thata (AVN). E ne ya romela baithuti go bona dithuso tsa thuto ya bolepadinaledi.&lt;ref&gt;[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/10829 &quot;Botswana takes part in revolutionary mission&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201124005832/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/mobile/news-details.php?nid=10829&amp;flag= Archived] from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Setshwantsho:BOTSAT-1 Satellite.png|thumb|200x200px|BOTSAT-1 Satellite]]
Lefatshe la Botswana le simolodisitse lenaneo la lone la dingwaga tse tharo la go aga le go simolodisa Satellite, Botswana Satellite Technology (Sat-1 Project) kwa Gaborone kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le boferabobedi 2020, e e simolodisitsweng go dirisiwa rokete ya SpaceX kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le lesome le botlhano.  [[Botswana International University of Science and Technolog|Botswana International University of Science and Technology]] (BIUST) e ne ya etelela pele tlhabololo ya sathalaete, ka tshegetso ya setegeniki go tswa go balekane ba bangwe, mme ke sathalaete ya 3U hyperspectral Earth Observation. Sathalaete e ikaeletse go tlamela ka tshedimosetso ya go ela tlhoko tikologo, temothuo e e nepagetseng, thulaganyo ya ditoropo, le taolo ya dibetso tsa tlholego.&lt;ref&gt;[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/60276 &quot;Satellite technology development giant leap&quot;]. ''Botswana Daily News''. 20 December 2020. Archived from [http://www.itwebafrica.com/more-countries/botswana/237043-botswana-opens-first-tech-assembly-plant the original] on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Africa, Space in (23 December 2020). [https://africanews.space/botswana-launches-national-space-program/ &quot;Botswana Launches National Space Program&quot;]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210102034103/https://africanews.space/botswana-launches-national-space-program/ Archived] from the original on 2 January 2021. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 2016, mo [[lekaleaneng la IT]], Almaz o ne a bula kompone ya ntlha ya go kopanya dikhomphiutara.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190110013902/http://www.itwebafrica.com/more-countries/botswana/237043-botswana-opens-first-tech-assembly-plant &quot;Botswana opens first tech assembly plant&quot;]. ''itwebafrica.com''. Archived from [http://www.itwebafrica.com/more-countries/botswana/237043-botswana-opens-first-tech-assembly-plant the original] on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205218/http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/business/item/3389-almaz-enters-botswana-ict-sector.html &quot;Almaz enters Botswana ICT sector&quot;]. ''The Patriot''. Archived from [http://www.thepatriot.co.bw/business/item/3389-almaz-enters-botswana-ict-sector.html the original] on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt; Ditec, e leng kompone ya Botswana, le yone e dira megalayaletheka, e di tlhama le go di dira ka tsela e e rileng. Ditec e dira tiro e e kgethegileng ya go dira gore didirisiwa tse di tsamaisiwang ke Microsoft di bereke ka pharologanyo.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.botswanayouth.com/youth-company-shines-with-their-locally-made-ditec-pioneer-phone/ &quot;Youth Company Shines With Their Locally Made Ditec Pioneer Phone&quot;]. ''botswanayouth.com''. 5 August 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190109205346/http://www.botswanayouth.com/youth-company-shines-with-their-locally-made-ditec-pioneer-phone/ Archived] from the original on 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le boferabongwe 2021, bamaranyane kwa Laboratoring ya Tshupetso ya HIV ya Botswana Harvard (BHHRL) ba ne ba ribolola la ntlha mofuta wa Omicron wa [[COVID-19]], kwa ntlheng o ne o bidiwa B.1.1.529 mme morago ga moo wa bidiwa &quot;Omicron&quot;, mme ya nna lefatshe la ntlha mo lefatsheng go ribolola mofuta oo. Fa e sa le ka tshimologo ya 2021, ba ribolotse disampole di ka nna dikete tse pedi le makgolo mararo tse di nang le mogare wa SARS-CoV-2 ka tatelano ya tshika. Go ya ka Dr. Gaseitsiwe, dithomelo tsa tatelano ya tshika tsa Botswana kwa GISAID di gareng ga tse di kwa godimo thata mo kgaolong ya Aforika go ya ka tlhogo ya motho, di lekana le moagisane wa lone wa Aforika Borwa yo o nang le ditsompelo tse dintsi. Setheo sa Botswana sa Harvard sa AIDS sa Tirisanommogo (BHP) se ne sa agiwa ka 2003, dingwaga di le pedi morago ga gore mokgatlho o o akaretsang o bule BHHRL, e leng laboratori ya sone ya patlisiso ya HIV e e agilweng ka maikaelelo e e neng e le nngwe ya tsa ntlha mo kontinenteng.&lt;ref&gt;Flood, Zoe (14 December 2021). [https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/12/14/inside-the-botswana-lab-that-discovered-omicron &quot;Inside the Botswana lab that discovered Omicron&quot;]. Al Jazeera. [https://web.archive.org/web/20211214111713/http://www.aljazeera.com/features/2021/12/14/inside-the-botswana-lab-that-discovered-omicron Archived] from the original on 14 December 2021. Retrieved 16 Phalane 2025.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe ==

* [[Moalo wa Botswana]]
* [[Lenaane la ditlhamo ka ga Botswana]]

==Metswedi==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commons|Botswana}}

{{Africa topic}}
[[Karolo:Botswana| ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dry season</title>
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      <text bytes="5344" sha1="d93erd5b1it9igbb62251nr5ilt67a6" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:Long shadow of a dead tree with its branches on the dry fields of Laos - landscape.jpg|thumb|Ke paka ya letsatsi kwa Laos. Moriti o moleele wa setlhare se se suleng se se nang le dikala mo masimong a a omeletseng a Don Det, letsatsi le le mogote le na le loapi lo lotala le maru a masweu, go setse go le thapama thata.]]
Paka ye tshetlha ke nako ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya dipula tse di kwa tlase, segolobogolo kwa mafelong a boboatsatsi. Maemo a bosa kwa mafelong a boboatsatsi a laolwa ke karolo ya pula ya boboatsatsi, e e tsamayang go tswa kwa mafelong a boboatsatsi a a kwa bokone go ya kwa go a a kwa borwa le go boa gape mo ngwageng otlhe. Nako ya komelelo ya boboatsatsi e e lekanang le ya boboatsatsi ke selemo kgotsa mariga.

== lebanta la pula ==
Lebanta la pula ya boboatsatsi le mo borwa jwa lefatshe mo e ka nnang go tloga ka November go ya go March; ka nako eo boboatsatsi jwa bokone bo nna le paka ya komelelo e e nang le pula e nnye, mme gantsi letsatsi le phatsima letsatsi lotlhe. Go tloga ka May go ya go September, kgaolo e pula e nang thata mo go yone e kwa karolong e e kwa bokone ya lefatshe, mme dikarolo tse di kwa borwa tsa boboatsatsi tsone di na le paka ya komelelo. Ka fa tlase ga kopanyo ya tlelaemete ya Köppen, mo tlelaemete ya boboatsatsi, kgwedi ya setlha se se omeletseng e tlhalosiwa jaaka kgwedi fa palogare ya pula e le kwa tlase ga 60 mm.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Updated world Köppen-Geiger climate classification map&quot; (PDF).[https://web.archive.org/web/20120203170339/http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf]&lt;/ref&gt; 

Lebanta la pula le fitlha bokgakala jwa bokone jwa Tropic of Cancer le borwa jwa Tropic of Capricorn. Gaufi le mafelo ano, go na le paka e le nngwe fela ya pula le paka e le nngwe fela ya komelelo ka ngwaga. Kwa ekhweithareng go na le dipaka tse pedi tsa pula le tse pedi tsa komelelo, e re ka mogatla wa pula o feta gabedi ka ngwaga, gangwe o ya kwa bokone mme gape o ya kwa borwa. Fa gare ga mafelo a boboatsatsi le ekhweitha, mafelo a ka nna le paka e khutshwane ya pula kgotsa paka e telele ya pula; le paka e khutshwane ya komelelo kgotsa paka e telele ya komelelo. Go farologana le seo, tsela e lefatshe le bopegileng ka yone e ka fetola maemo ano a tlelaemete fela thata.

== Leuba ==
Ka paka ya komelelo, go nna bongola thata, mme seno se dira gore metswedi mengwe ya metsi le dinoka di omelele. Go tlhaela gono ga metsi (le go tlhaela ga dijo) go ka nna ga pateletsa diphologolo di le dintsi tse di fulang go fudugela kwa mafelong a a nonneng thata. Dikai tsa diphologolo tse di ntseng jalo ke: dipitse tsa naga, ditlou, ditshukudu, dinare, dikgama le di-gnu, dinare tsa metsi tsa naga, dinare tsa Afrika, di-gaur, di-tapir, di-emu, dinare, di-rhea le di-kangaroo. Ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya metsi mo dimeleng, molelo wa sekgwa o tlwaelegile.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Wet &amp; Dry Seasons&quot;. Archived from the original on 2012-03-20. Retrieved 2008-04-[https://web.archive.org/web/20120320141721/http://burarra.questacon.edu.au/pages/seasons.html 21]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Malwetsi ==
Tshedimosetso e bontsha gore kwa Afrika go simologa ga paka ya komelelo go tsamaisana le go oketsega ga batho ba ba tshwerweng ke mmokwane, e leng se babatlisisi ba dumelang gore se ka tswa se bakwa ke go bo batho ba le bantsi thata ka paka ya komelelo, e re ka ditiro tsa temothuo di sa kgonege kwantle ga go nosetsa. Ka nako eno, balemirui bangwe ba fudugela kwa ditoropong, ba dira mafelo a a nang le baagi ba bantsi, mme seo se dira gore bolwetse jono bo aname motlhofo.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Dry Season Brings On Measles In Sub-Saharan Africa&quot;. ScienceDaily. February 7, 2008.[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080206131643.htm]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Dipatlisiso ==
Dintlha tse disha di bontsha gore mo dikarolong tsa dikgwa tsa pula tsa Amazon tsa kwa Amerika Borwa, go gola ga matlhare le go nna le boalo jwa one go farologana magareng ga paka ya komelelo le paka ya pula, ka matlhare a a oketsegileng ka diperesente di le 25 le go gola ka bonako ka paka ya komelelo. Babatlisisi ba dumela gore Amazon ka boyone e na le seabe mo go tliseng tshimologo ya setlha sa dipula: ka go jala matlhare a mantsi, e hemisa metsi a mantsi. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Amazon rainforest does have rainy and dry seasons&quot;. mongabay.com. March 12, 2007. Archived from the original on June 4, 2008.[https://web.archive.org/web/20080604094546/http://news.mongabay.com/2007/0312-amazon.html]&lt;/ref&gt;Le fa go ntse jalo, go gola gono go bonala fela mo dikarolong tse di sa kgorelediwang tsa lekadiba la Amazon, koo babatlisisi ba dumelang gore medi e ka kgona go tsenelela kwa teng mme ya kgobokanya metsi a pula a mantsi. &lt;ref&gt;&quot;Amazon rainforest greens up in the dry season&quot;.[https://web.archive.org/web/20210603132109/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-03/uoa-arg031506.php]&lt;/ref&gt;Gape go bontshitswe gore selekanyo sa ozone se kwa godimo thata ka paka ya komelelo go na le ka paka ya pula mo lekadibeng la Amazon.&lt;ref&gt;Kirchhoff, V. W. J. H.; Da Silva, I. M. O.; Browell, E. V. (1990). &quot;Ozone measurements in Amazonia: Dry season versus wet season&quot;. ''Journal of Geophysical Research''. '''95''' (D10): 16913. Bibcode:1990JGR....9516913K. doi:10.1029/jd095id10p16913. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06. Retrieved 2008-04-21.[https://web.archive.org/web/20110606044646/http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1990/89JD02892.shtml]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Coldwell Banker</title>
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      <text bytes="5868" sha1="adt58gwlnftgxoo36f8fg3e15sge2oi" xml:space="preserve">'''Coldwell Banker Real Estate LLC''' ke American thekiso ya matlo franchise ruilweng ke 

{{Infobox company|name=Coldwell Banker Real Estate LLC|logo=Coldwell Banker logo 2026.svg|image_size=280px|former_names=Sears Financial Network&lt;br/&gt;(1981–1993)|company_type=Subsidiary of [[Anywhere Real Estate]]|industry=[[Real estate]]|founded=[[San Francisco, California]] ({{start date and age|August 27, 1906}})|founder=Colbert Coldwell, Albert Nion Tucker, John Conant Lynch|hq_location_city=[[Madison, New Jersey]]|hq_location_country=[[United States]]|key_people=Kamini Lane, President &amp; CEO, Coldwell Banker Realty (corporate owned business)&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;Jason Waugh, President, Coldwell Banker Affiliates (franchise business)|website={{url|coldwellbanker.com}}}}

Anywhere Real Estate, le headquarter a Madison, New Jersey. E ne ya tlhomiwa ka 1906 kwa San Francisco,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;2011 Franchise Report&quot; (PDF). Realtor.org. Retrieved October 22, 2015.[https://web.archive.org/web/20180403211035/http://realtormag.realtor.org/sites/realtormag.realtor.org/files/2011_franchise_report_0.pdf]&lt;/ref&gt; mme e na le dikantoro di ka nna 3000 mo dinageng le dikgaolo di le 49.&lt;ref&gt;Heffernan, Shayne. &quot;US Real Estate: High Demand for $10+ Million Homes&quot;. Live Trading News. Archived from the original on 2015-10-08. Retrieved October 22, 2015.[https://web.archive.org/web/20151008173236/http://www.livetradingnews.com/us-real-estate-high-demand-for-10-million-homes-120270.htm]&lt;/ref&gt; E gatisa kaelo ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya ditlhotlhwa tsa matlo, Home Listing Report&lt;ref&gt;Stone, Madeline (November 10, 2015). &quot;Here's what a four-bedroom home looks like in America's most expensive markets&quot;. Business Insider. Retrieved November 24, 2015.[http://www.businessinsider.com/most-expensive-housing-markets-in-america-2015-11]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Nicks, Denver (November 10, 2015). &quot;The 8 Most Expensive Cities to Buy a House Are All in This State&quot;. ''Money.com''. Retrieved November 24, 2015.[https://money.com/most-expensive-cities-to-buy-a-house/?xid=homepage]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Histori ==
Morago ga thoromo ya lefatshe ya 1906 le melelo ya San Francisco, Albert Nion Tucker, Colbert Coldwell le John Conant Lynch ba ne ba bopa Tucker, Lynch le Coldwell ka Phatwe 27, 1906.&lt;ref&gt;Raine, George (February 18, 2006). &quot;Up from the ashes / Coldwell Banker began in the 1906 rubble of San Francisco&quot;. SF Gate. Retrieved October 22, 2015.[http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Up-from-the-ashes-Coldwell-Banker-began-in-the-2541114.php]&lt;/ref&gt;Benjamin Arthur Banker o ne a tsena mo khampaning e le morekisi ka 1913, mme a nna molekane ka 1914. Khampani e ne ya fetola leina la yone go nna Coldwell, Kern &amp; Banker ka 1918. Ka 1919 leina le ne la fetolwa go nna Coldwell, Kern, Cornwall &amp; Banker, mme ka 1920, Coldwell Cornwall &amp; Banker. Cornwall o ne a tlogela tiro ka 1940, mme leina la khampani le ne la fetolwa gape go nna Coldwell, Banker &amp; Company, e e neng ya khutshwafadiwa go nna Coldwell Banker ka 1974. Banker le Coldwell ba ne ba nna ba le matlhagatlhaga mo khampaning botshelo jwa bone jotlhe.

Ka 1920, Coldwell Banker o ne a fudugela mo kagong ya matlhatlaganyane a le mararo kwa San Francisco. E ne ya bula ofisi kwa Phoenix, Arizona, ya ntlha kwa ntle ga California, ka 1952.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;A Brief History of Coldwell Banker&quot;. The Playa Times. April 16, 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-05-25. Retrieved October 22, 2015.[https://web.archive.org/web/20150525102617/http://theplayatimes.com/2015/04/16/7365/]&lt;/ref&gt; Mo dingwageng tsa bo1970 khampani e ne ya atologa ka go reka difeme kwa Atlanta, Chicago, le Washington, D.C. Ofisi ya ntlha ya boditšhabatšhaba ya Coldwell Banker e ne ya bulwa kwa Toronto, Canada ka 1996.&lt;ref&gt;Raine, George (February 18, 2006). &quot;Up from the ashes / Coldwell Banker began in the 1906 rubble of San Francisco&quot;. SF Gate. Retrieved October 22, 2015.[http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Up-from-the-ashes-Coldwell-Banker-began-in-the-2541114.php]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;A Brief History of Coldwell Banker&quot;. The Playa Times. April 16, 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-05-25. Retrieved October 22, 2015.[https://web.archive.org/web/20150525102617/http://theplayatimes.com/2015/04/16/7365/]&lt;/ref&gt;

Coldwell Banker &amp; Company e ne ya nna khamphane ka 1961, mme ya nna ya phasaladiwa ka 1968. Ka 1981 e ne ya rekwa ke Sears, Roebuck, mme ya nna karolo ya Sears Financial Network&lt;ref&gt;&quot;A Brief History of Coldwell Banker&quot;. The Playa Times. April 16, 2015. Archived from the original on 2015-05-25. Retrieved October 22, 2015.[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-03-28-fi-695-story.html]&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;Rudd, David C. &quot;SEARS' COLDWELL BRINGS $300 MILLION&quot;. ''chicagotribune.com''. Retrieved 2019-07-09.[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1989-03-28-8903300295-story.html]&lt;/ref&gt;Ka 1989, Sears o ne a rekisa yuniti ya kgwebo ya Coldwell Banker go setlhopha se se neng se eteletswe pele ke botsamaisi go akaretsa The Carlyle Group ka bokana ka diranta di le dimilione di le 300. Jaaka karolo ya thekiso, yuniti ya bonno e ne ya boloka leina la Coldwell Banker; setlhopha sa kgwebo se fetotse maina makgetlho a le mmalwa morago ga thekiso le go kopanngwa le go rekwa go go farologaneng, mme jaanong ke CBRE Group.

Sears o ne a rekisa yuniti ya bonno ya Coldwell Banker go Fremont Group, khampani ya dipeeletso ya California, ka $230 million ka 1993.&lt;ref&gt;Granelli, James S. (October 6, 1993). &quot;Sears Completes Sale of Coldwell to Fremont Group&quot;. ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved October 22, 2015.[http://articles.latimes.com/1993-10-06/business/fi-42893_1_fremont-group]&lt;/ref&gt; E ne ya rekisetswa HFS Inc., moragonyana Cendant, ka 1996.Fa Cendant e ne e kgaogana ka 2006, dikgwebo tsa thoto di ne tsa kgaoganngwa go nna Realogy, e e neng ya rekisetswa Apollo Management ka bokana ka $7.75 billion.Ka 2022, Realogy rebranded jaaka Anywhere Real Estate, Inc.

== Metswedi ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Founo ya selula</title>
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      <text bytes="904" sha1="3pwaxsu35c0pp4ap3nh0one71oz4dxs" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:Mobile_Phone_Evolution_1992_-_2014.jpg|thumb|Dingwaga di le masome a mabedi tsa go fetoga ga difouno tsa selula, go tswa go Motorola DynaTAC 8000X ya 1992 go ya go iPhone 6 Plus ya 2014]]
'''Founo ya selula''' ke founo e e kgonang go dira le go amogela megala ka go dirisa radio frequency fa modirisi a tsamaya mo lefelong la tirelo ya founo, go farologana le founo e e tlhomilweng mo lefelong le le rileng. Radio frequency e e ikgolaganya le tsamaiso ya difouno tsa setšhaba (PSTN). Difouno tsa selula tsa segompieno di dirisa mokgwa wa cellular, ka jalo di bidiwa difouno tsa cellular mo Amerika Bokone. Mo godimo ga go bitsa, difouno tsa selula di tshegetsa ditirelo tse dingwe, jaaka go romela melaetsa, email, Internet, Bluetooth, le go tsaya dinepe. Difouno tse di na le bokgoni jwa motheo di itsege jaaka &quot;dumbphones&quot;, fa tse di na le bokgoni jwa khomputara di bidiwa &quot;smartphones.</text>
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      <text bytes="905" sha1="1jqv1v9ii30ikf82prnkwbk57nqp9y0" xml:space="preserve">[[Setshwantsho:Mobile_Phone_Evolution_1992_-_2014.jpg|thumb|Dingwaga di le masome a mabedi tsa go fetoga ga difouno tsa selula, go tswa go Motorola DynaTAC 8000X ya 1992 go ya go iPhone 6 Plus ya 2014]]
'''Founo ya selula''' ke founo e e kgonang go dira le go amogela megala ka go dirisa radio frequency fa modirisi a tsamaya mo lefelong la tirelo ya founo, go farologana le founo e e tlhomilweng mo lefelong le le rileng. Radio frequency e e ikgolaganya le tsamaiso ya difouno tsa setšhaba (PSTN). Difouno tsa selula tsa segompieno di dirisa mokgwa wa cellular, ka jalo di bidiwa difouno tsa cellular mo Amerika Bokone. Mo godimo ga go bitsa, difouno tsa selula di tshegetsa ditirelo tse dingwe, jaaka go romela melaetsa, email, Internet, Bluetooth, le go tsaya dinepe. Difouno tse di na le bokgoni jwa motheo di itsege jaaka &quot;dumbphones&quot;, fa tse di na le bokgoni jwa khomputara di bidiwa &quot;smartphones&quot;.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Dora Bouchoucha</title>
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'''Dora Bouchoucha''' (o belegwe ka 11 Phalane 1957) ke motlhami wa difilimi wa kwa [[Tunisia]] le mongwe wa maloko a le robabobedi  a Komiti ya Kgololesego ya Motho le Tekatekano.[https://web.archive.org/web/20191215231429/http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=15832 &lt;sup&gt;[ 1&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;][https://web.archive.org/web/20190505144303/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0099093/ &lt;sup&gt;[2&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;]

== Kitso ka gagwe  ==
Dora Bouchoucha o ne a aloga ka 1987 kwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorbonne_University University of Sorbonne] ka dikirii ya dibuka tsa Seesemane. Ka 1995, mmogo le Ibrahim Letaïef, o ne a thaya kompone  ya gagwe ya Sephiri e e bidiwang Nomadis Images. Gape o ne a tlhoma mokgatlho o o bidiwang Sud Écriture o o tlamelang ka katiso ya bakwadi ba Aforika le Baarabia. Mo godimo ga moo, Bouchoucha o ne a etelela pele [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carthage_Film_Festival Carthage Film Festival] ka makgetlo a le mararo: 2008, 2010 le 2014. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210424182939/https://ar.vogue.me/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9/%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88 &lt;sup&gt;[6&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;]

Dora Bouchoucha o ntse a le teng kwa meletlong e le mmalwa ya boditšhabatšhaba ya difilimi jaaka moatlhodi, sekao kwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_International_Film_Festival Berlinale] ka 2017, le jaaka karolo ya dingangisano le ditafole tse di potologang. Mo go one ngwaga oo, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la komiti ya CineMart ya [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Film_Festival_Rotterdam Rotterdam International Film Festival]. Ka 2018, o ne a nna karolo ya Komiti ya Kgololosego ya Motho le Tekatekano e thomo ya yona e neng e le go dira mo porojekeng ya diphetogo e e tsamaelanang le molaotheo wa 2014 wa Tunisia le maemo a boditšhabatšhaba a ditshwanelo tsa botho.[https://web.archive.org/web/20260121163545/https://al-mawarith.com/dora-bouchoucha/ &lt;sup&gt;[7&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;] [https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20180901-tunisie-egalite-successorale-hommes-femmes-debarque-parlement &lt;sup&gt;[8&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;] Bouchoucha o ne a tlhophiwa gape go nna leloko la [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences] e e rulaganyang A[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Awards cademy Awards] mmogo le batlhami ba bangwe ba ba 11 ba Baarabia.  O ne gape a nna leloko la setlhopha sa baatlhodi ba Luigi De Laurentiis Venice Award for Debut Film ya [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival 77th Venice International Film Festival].

== Botshelo jwa gagwe ==
Dora Bouchoucha o nyetswe ke Kamel Fourati. Ba na le barwadi ba le babedi; mongwe wa bone ke [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenza_Fourati Kenza Fourati], yo e leng mmabontle yo o nnang kwa Brooklyn le Maleke yo e leng moitsedipalo yo o nang le Ph.D. mo go tsa itsholelo .[https://web.archive.org/web/20210424182939/https://ar.vogue.me/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9/%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88 &lt;sup&gt;[ 6&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;]

== Metswedi ==
[https://web.archive.org/web/20191215231429/http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=15832 [1&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &quot;Personnes | Africultures&quot;.] 15 December 2019. Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2022.

[https://web.archive.org/web/20190505144303/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0099093/ [2&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &quot;Dora Bouchoucha Fourati – IMDb&quot;]. IMDb. 5 May 2019. Archived from the original on 5 May 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2022.

[https://web.archive.org/web/20251017054544/https://www.turess.com/fr/lapresse/1951 [3&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &quot;Dora Bouchoucha : cinéma addict]&quot;. Turess. Retrieved 4 August 2022.

[https://www.ouagafilmlab.net/en/dora-bouchoucha/ [4&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &quot;DORA BOUCHOUCHA – OFL&quot;]. Retrieved 4 August 2022.

[https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/afrique/culture-africaine/pour-dora-bouchoucha-produire-des-films-c-est-accompagner-des-talents_3057027.html [5&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &quot;Pour Dora Bouchoucha, produire des films c'est &quot;accompagner des talents&quot;&quot;]. Franceinfo (in French). 2 October 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2022.

[https://web.archive.org/web/20210424182939/https://ar.vogue.me/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84/%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9/%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88 [6&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &quot;لقاء مع درة بوشوشة أول منتجة سينمائية تونسية | ڤوغ العربية&quot;]. 24 April 2021. Archived from the original on 24 April 2021. Retrieved 5 August 2022.

[https://web.archive.org/web/20260121163545/https://al-mawarith.com/dora-bouchoucha/ [7&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &quot;Dora Bouchoucha, la star de la COLIBE]&quot;. Les successions dans le droit musulman (in French). 13 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2022.

[https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20180901-tunisie-egalite-successorale-hommes-femmes-debarque-parlement [8&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt; &quot;Tunisie: l'égalité successorale hommes-femmes débarque au Parlement]&quot;. RFI (in French). 1 September 2018. Retrieved 6 August 2022.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Fatim-Zahra Ammor</title>
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'''Fatim-Zahra Ammor kgotsa Fatima-Zahra Ammor''' (o belegwe ka ngwaga wa 1967) ke moenjenere wa kwa [[:en:Morocco|Morocco]], mogakolodi le mopolotiki. [https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1340999/politique/maroc-une-journee-avec-fatim-zahra-ammor-ministre-tout-terrain-du-tourisme/ &lt;nowiki&gt;[1]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Go tloga ka Diphalane 7, 2021, e ntse e le Tona ya ga jaana ya Bojanala, Tiro ya diatla le Ikonomi ya Loago le ya Kutlwano ya Morocco. [https://www.challenge.ma/qui-est-fatim-zahra-ammor-ministre-du-tourisme-de-lartisanat-et-de-leconomie-sociale-et-solidaire-222844/ &lt;nowiki&gt;[2]&lt;/nowiki&gt;]

== Dithutego le botshelo jwa pele ==
Fatim-Zahra Ammor o tsholetswe kwa Rabat ka 1967 mo lelapeng la batlhalefi. Rraagwe ke rramatlotlo mme mmaagwe ke mokwadi wa dibuka. Morago ga go fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe tsa sekolo se segolwane kwa [[:en:Lycée_Lyautey_(Casablanca)|Lycée Lyautey]] kwa Casablanca, o ne a ya kwa Fora go ya go ithutela dithuto tsa go ipaakanyetsa sekolo, morago a tsenela Sekolo sa Bosetšhaba sa Thekeniki e e Kwa Godimo kwa Paris (ENSTA Paris), koo a neng a bona dikirii ya gagwe ya boenjiniri ka 1991.[https://snrtnews.com/fr/article/fatim-zahra-ammor-une-dg-%C3%A0-la-t%C3%AAte-du-minist%C3%A8re-du-tourisme &lt;nowiki&gt;[ 3]&lt;/nowiki&gt;]

== Tiro ya gagwe ==
Fa a boela kwa Morocco ka 1992, o ne a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya seporofešenale mo go tsa Papatso kwa [[:en:Procter_&amp;_Gamble|Procter &amp; Gamble]] ka fa tlase ga [[:en:James_Michael_Lafferty|James Michael Lafferty]] pele a tsenela Moroccan [[:en:Akwa_Group|Akwa Group]] ka 2001 jaaka Mokaedi wa Papatso le leloko la komiti ya khuduthamaga koo a atlegileng go aga ditshwaelo di le masome a mabedi tse di nonofileng[https://www.mda.gov.ma/fr/nomination-de-mme-fatim-zahra-ammor-nouvelle-ministre-du-tourisme-de-lartisanat-et-de-leconomie-sociale-et-solidaire/ &lt;nowiki&gt;.[4]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Mo nakong eno, mmogo le [[:en:Aziz_Akhannouch|Aziz Akhannouch]], o ne a tsamaisa Timitar, moletlo wa mmino wa lefatshe kwa Morocco kwa Agadir, ka maikaelelo a go baya toropo ya Agadir jaaka lefelo la setso .[https://telquel.ma/2021/10/07/fatim-zahra-ammor-une-consultante-chevronnee-au-service-du-tourisme_1739475?fbrefresh=5 &lt;nowiki&gt;[5]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Ka 2012, o ne a simolola go gakolola batsamaisi mo go tsa papatso le tlhabololo ya kgwebo, go mo letla go etelela pele ditiragalo tse dintsi tsa boditšhabatšhaba mo boemong jwa ditheo tsa setšhaba Assises de l'Agriculture, Salon du Cheval, Berlin Green Week, jj. Ka 2014, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna General Commissioner wa Milan Universal Exhibition (Expo Milano 2015) ke Kgosi [[:en:Mohammed_VI_of_Morocco|Mohammed VI]]. Ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa gagwe, pavilion ya Morocco e ne e le ya bo 5 e e etetsweng thata ya Pontšo ka go amogela baeng ba le dimilione di le 3 mo dikgweding di le 6 [https://www.challenge.ma/elle-fait-lactu-fatim-zahra-ammor-commissaire-generale-du-pavillon-du-maroc-a-expo-milano-46575/ &lt;nowiki&gt;[7]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Ka 2021, o ne a tsenela boto ya batsamaisi ba Société des Boissons du Maroc, e leng setlamo sa Setlhopha sa Castel. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230417020507/https://www.boissons-maroc.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/SBM-AGM-du-27-avril-2020-Avis-de-convocation-V3.pdf &lt;nowiki&gt;[8]&lt;/nowiki&gt;]

== Tiro ya sepolotiki ==
E re ka e ne e le leloko la lekoko la RNI (National Rally of Independents), o ne a tsenela puso e e eteletsweng pele ke [[:en:Aziz_Akhannouch|Aziz Akhannouch]] jaaka Tona ya Bojanala, Botaki le Ikonomi ya Loago le Thatalelano mo maitekong a puso a go fedisa mathata a morago ga Covid-19 le go tsosolosa bojanala jwa Morocco, e leng selo se se botlhokwa mo ikonoming ya Morocco.[http://www.menara.ma/fr/article/qui-est-fatim-zahra-ammor-ministre-du-tourisme-de-lartisanat-et-de-leconomie-solidaire &lt;nowiki&gt;[ 9]&lt;/nowiki&gt;]

Ka 7 Diphalane 2021, o ne a tlhophiwa jaaka Tona ya Bojanala, Botaki le Ikonomi ya Loago ke Kgosi Mohammed VI mo khabineteng ya [[:en:Nadia_Fettah_Alaoui|Aziz Akhannouch]], a tlhatlhama tona ya pele Nadia Fettah Alaoui.  [https://www.leconomiste.com/flash-infos/ministere-du-tourisme-passation-des-pouvoirs-entre-fatim-zahra-ammor-et-nadia-fettah &lt;nowiki&gt;[10]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Bojanala kwa Morocco ke motswedi o mogolo wa lotseno le madi a boditšhabatšhaba mo nageng, mme o neetswe maikarabelo a go bo tsosolosa morago ga leroborobo la COVID-19.[ 11]
== Botshelo jwa gagwe ==

Fatim-Zahra o nyetse e bile o na le bana ba le babedi. Monna wa gagwe ke motsamaisi wa khampani nngwe ya ditšhabatšhaba. O ne a kile a nna kwa Luxembourg le monna wa gagwe go tloga ka 2017 go fitlha a tsena mo pusong ka 2021.[12]

== Metswedi ==
[1] Islah, Fateh (22 April 2022)[https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1340999/politique/maroc-une-journee-avec-fatim-zahra-ammor-ministre-tout-terrain-du-tourisme/ . &quot;Maroc : une journée avec Fatim-Zahra Ammor, ministre « tout-terrain » du Tourisme – Jeune Afrique]&quot;. Jeune Afrique (in French). Retrieved 2022-06-18.

[2] Challenge (7 October 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230131080332/https://www.challenge.ma/qui-est-fatim-zahra-ammor-ministre-du-tourisme-de-lartisanat-et-de-leconomie-sociale-et-solidaire-222844/ &quot;Qui est Fatim-Zahra Ammor, ministre du Tourisme, de l'Artisanat et de l'Economie sociale et solidaire] ?&quot;. Challenge (in French). Retrieved 2022-10-03.

[https://snrtnews.com/fr/article/fatim-zahra-ammor-une-dg-%C3%A0-la-t%C3%AAte-du-minist%C3%A8re-du-tourisme &lt;nowiki&gt;[3] &quot;Fatim-Zahra Ammor, une marketeuse à la tête du ministère du Tourisme&lt;/nowiki&gt;]&quot;. SNRTnews (in French). 7 October 2021. Retrieved 2022-10-08.

[4] Maison de l’Artisan (7 October 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20221021134745/https://www.mda.gov.ma/fr/nomination-de-mme-fatim-zahra-ammor-nouvelle-ministre-du-tourisme-de-lartisanat-et-de-leconomie-sociale-et-solidaire/ &quot;Nomination de Mme Fatim-Zahra Ammor nouvelle Ministre du Tourisme, de l'Artisanat et de l'Economie Sociale et Solidaire&quot;]. Artisanat du Maroc (in French). Retrieved 2022-09-08.[permanent dead link]

[https://telquel.ma/2021/10/07/fatim-zahra-ammor-une-consultante-chevronnee-au-service-du-tourisme_1739475?fbrefresh=5 &lt;nowiki&gt;[5] &quot;Fatim-Zahra Ammor, une consultante chevronnée au service du Tourisme&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;]. Telquel.ma (in French). Retrieved 2021-10-11.

[6] News tourisme. &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220704113639/https://newstourisme.com/tourisme/biographie-de-fatim-zahra-ammor/ Biographie de Fatim-Zahra Ammor, ministre du Tourisme, de l'Artisanat et de l'Economie sociale et solidaire]&quot;. www.newstourisme.com (in French). Archived from the original on 2022-07-04. Retrieved 2022-08-14.

[7] Challenge (22 November 2015)[https://web.archive.org/web/20221021140243/https://www.challenge.ma/elle-fait-lactu-fatim-zahra-ammor-commissaire-generale-du-pavillon-du-maroc-a-expo-milano-46575/ . &quot;Elle fait l'actu : Fatim-Zahra Ammor, Commissaire Générale du Pavillon du Maroc à Expo Milano&quot;]. www.challenge.ma (in French). Retrieved 2022-10-07.

[8] SBM. &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20230417020507/https://www.boissons-maroc.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/SBM-AGM-du-27-avril-2020-Avis-de-convocation-V3.pdf ASSEMBLEE GENERALE MIXTE du 27 Avril 2020]&quot; (PDF). www.boissons-maroc.com (in French). Archived from the original on 2023-04-17. Retrieved 2022-09-07.

[https://web.archive.org/web/20211009233756/https://www.menara.ma/fr/article/qui-est-fatim-zahra-ammor-ministre-du-tourisme-de-lartisanat-et-de-leconomie-solidaire &lt;nowiki&gt;[9] &quot;Qui est Fatim-Zahra Ammor ministre du Tourisme et de l'économie solidaire&lt;/nowiki&gt; ?]&quot;. www.menara.ma. 8 October 2021. Retrieved 2021-10-11.

[https://www.leconomiste.com/flash-infos/ministere-du-tourisme-passation-des-pouvoirs-entre-fatim-zahra-ammor-et-nadia-fettah &lt;nowiki&gt;[10]&quot;Ministère du tourisme: Passation des pouvoirs entre Fatim-Zahra Ammor et Nadia Fettah Alaoui&lt;/nowiki&gt;]&quot;. L'Economiste (in French). 2021-10-08. Retrieved 2021-10-11.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Helena Moreno</title>
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'''Helena Moreno''' o itsege gape jaaka Helena Morena, ke motshameki wa difilimi  mo [[Angola]] yo o tlhageletseng mo metseletseleng e le mmalwa ya [[Telenovela|telenovela]] ya Angola. O ne a bereka ele morutabana wa puo ya Sepotokisi.

== Tiro ya gagwe ==
 
Helena Moreno o belegwe ka 28 Tlhakole 1989 kwa [[Luanda]], [[Angola]]. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20171108210132/http://platinaline.com/helena-moreno-uma-talentosa-actriz/ &quot;Helena Moreno Uma Talentosa Actriz&quot;] (in Portuguese). PlatinaLine. 4 April 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2017&lt;/ref&gt;Lelapa la gaabo le ne le humanegile, mme legae la gagwe la bongwana e ne e le mokhukhu o o se nang difensetere mo toropong ya magae a mannye. Le fa go ntse jalo, o boletse gore bongwana jwa gagwe bo ne bo itumetse.&lt;ref&gt;
&quot;&quot;[https://angorussia.com/entretenimento/famosos-celebridades/houve-uma-vez-que-eu-mijei-porque-nao-conseguia-pedir-ao-professor-para-ir-casa-de-banho-helena-moreno/ Houve uma vez que eu mijei-me, porque não conseguia pedir ao professor para ir a casa de banho]&quot; – Helena Moreno&quot; (in Portuguese). AngoRussia. 7 April 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

O ne a tlhagelela la ntlha mo thelebišeneng ka 2002, fa a ne a na le seabe mo telenoveleng ya Angola ya Revira Volta. O ne a tlhagelela gape mo telenoveleng, mme mo lekgetlong leno a le mo maemong a a tsweletseng jaaka Weza Henriques Pereira mo Sweet Pitanga. Seno se ne sa dira gore a simolole go bereka mo radiong e le motshwaraditshwantshô mo thulaganyong e e bidiwang Bombástico. Go ne ga latela tiro e nngwe gape ya mofuta, fa ka 2012 a ne a tshameka jaaka Marisa Lemos mo Windeck.[https://web.archive.org/web/20171108211727/https://angorussia.com/entretenimento/famosos-celebridades/houve-uma-vez-que-eu-mijei-porque-nao-conseguia-pedir-ao-professor-para-ir-casa-de-banho-helena-moreno/ &lt;sup&gt;[1&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;] O ne a tlotliwa ka nako ya go keteka basadi ba Angola ka 2014, mmogo le Maria do Rosário Amadeu le Nadir Taty ka go dira go tokafatsa setso sa Angola mo botaking.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.angop.ao/angola/pt_pt/noticias/sociedade/2014/2/13/Huambo-Gala-beneficencia-distingue-mulheres-mais-destacadas-sociedade,786c94d0-39d1-490e-96c7-6882ae120e08.html Huambo: Gala de beneficência distingue mulheres mais destacadas da sociedade]&quot;. ANGOP (in Portuguese). 31 March 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwa ntle ga boitlosobodutu, Moreno o ne gape a dira jaaka morutabana wa Sepotokisi kwa sekolong sa Amerika kwa maemong a poraemari le a sekontari.
== Botshelo jwa gagwe ==
 
Moreno o ne a itsise ka 2016 gore o itsholofetse le lekau la gagwe Milton Miguel,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20171108210808/http://platinaline.com/actriz-angolana-helena-moreno-esta-gravida-do-seu-primeiro-filho-com-milton-miguel/ Actriz angolana Helena Moreno está grávida do seu primeiro filho com Milton Miguel]&quot; (in Portuguese). PlatinaLine. 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2017&lt;/ref&gt; mme kwa moletlong wa go belega ngwana ka Phatwe, o ne a itsise gore o emetse mosimane. O ne a bolela gore leina la ngwana, Helton, e ne e le kopanyo ya Helena le Milton.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20171108210808/http://platinaline.com/actriz-angolana-helena-moreno-esta-gravida-do-seu-primeiro-filho-com-milton-miguel/ Actriz Helena Moreno realiza chá de bebé do primeiro filho]&quot; (in Portuguese). PlatinaLine. 3 August 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2017&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==
[[Category:Batho ba ba tshelang]]</text>
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    <title>Rosa Namises</title>
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'''Visolela Rosalinda &quot;Rosa&quot; Namises''' (yo o tshotsweng ka 1958), yo o bidiwang &quot;[[Rosa Luxemburg]] wa Namibia&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;Welt&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Ich liebe die Welt!|language=German|last=Dregger|first=Leila|newspaper=[[Die Wochenzeitung]]|date=6 March 2014|url=https://www.woz.ch/-4c2f}}&lt;/ref&gt; ke radipolotiki [[Namibia]], molwela-ditshwanelo tsa batho le kgosi ya lekoko la [[ǀKhomanin]], lotso lwa batho ba Damara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=/Khomanin group elects Namises as chief|last=Kahiurika|first=Ndanki|newspaper=[[The Namibian]]|date=22 May 2018|url=https://www.namibian.com.na/177603/archive-read/Khomanin-group-elects-Namises--as-chief}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ke leloko la pele la Palamente le leloko le le simolotseng le mokwaledikakaretso wa pele wa Congress of Democrats ya Namibia (CoD). Lentswe le le tlhageletseng mo dikgannyeng tsa bong, go gataka ditshwanelo tsa batho, le kgokgontshong ya basadi le bana kwa Namibia, ke mokaedi wa [[Woman Solidarity Namibia]] mme o dira kwa lefelong la ''Tlhokomelo ya Bana la Bonno la Dolam'', lefelo la tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba mo kotsing.

== Botshelo jwa pele le thuto ==
Namises o tshotswe ka Moranang a le masome a mabedi ka 1958&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Namises Visolela Rosalinda |url=http://www.parliament.na/index.php?option=com_contact&amp;view=contact&amp;id=568:namises-visolela-rosalinda&amp;catid=123&amp;Itemid=1372 |access-date=12 October 2016 |publisher=[[Parliament of Namibia]] |archive-date=28 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728160818/http://www.parliament.na/index.php?option=com_contact&amp;view=contact&amp;id=568:namises-visolela-rosalinda&amp;catid=123&amp;Itemid=1372 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; e le mongwe wa bana ba le borobabongwe ba ga rre wa Mo-Angola le mme wa Mo-Damara kwa [[Old Location|Lefelong la Bogologolo]] la [[Windhoek]], motsemogolo wa Namibia. O goletse le rraagwe go fitlha a nna dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano mme a tsena [[sekolo se segolwane sa Augustineum]] kwa [[Windhoek]]. Fa a sena go aloga o ne a dira pele e le mophepafatsi, morago ga moo a nna mothusa mooki, mme ka nako eo o ne a wetsa khoso ya gagwe ya materiki ka go kwalelana le [[Sukses College|Kholetšhe ya Sukses]].

Go nna le seabe mo dipolotiking go ne ga dira gore a tsenngwe mo kgolegelong pele mme morago ga moo ga mo isa kwa botshabelo,&lt;ref name=&quot;Welt&quot;/&gt; maemo a a neng a mo pateletsa go kgaotsa go ithuta. Ke fela ka 1990 fa [[Ntwa ya molelwane wa Aforika Borwa|Namibia e ne e bona boipuso]] a neng a simolola dithuto tsa gagwe gape. O amogetse Dipoloma ya Thuto ya Bagolo le ya Motheo go tswa kwa [[Yunibesithi ya Aforika Borwa|UNISA]] le Diploma ya Tlhabololo ya Bong le Thulaganyo go tswa kwa [[Yunibesithing ya London]]. A tswelela pele go nna le Diploma ya Basadi mo Botsamaising, o nnile le thuto nngwe ya go thusa molao, mme o nnile le bokgoni jwa go gakolola le go tsamaisa dilo.&lt;ref name=&quot;passion&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Rosa Namises: Human Rights Activist with a passion|last=Nghidengwa|first=Marianne|date=18 December 2012|url=http://www.confidente.com.na/2012/12/rosa-namises-human-rights-activist-with-a-passion/|access-date=15 May 2026|archivedate=10 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010164602/http://www.confidente.com.na/2012/12/rosa-namises-human-rights-activist-with-a-passion/}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFNghidengwa2012&quot;&gt;Nghidengwa, Marianne (18 December 2012). . ''[[Pampiri ya dikgang ya Confidente|Confidente]]''. Archived from  on 10 October 2018&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;19 July&lt;/span&gt; 2016&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Tiro ya sepolotiki ==
Mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1980 Namises o ne a tsenelela lekoko la SWAPO le le neng le se ka fa molaong ka nako eo. O ne a rulaganya dikopano, a bona maloko a masha le go anamisa dibuka tsa go bapatsa. O ne a tshwarwa mme a fetsa dikgwedi di le pedi a tswaletswe a le esi mme go ise go ye kae a boela kwa ditirong tsa gagwe tsa bolweladitshwanelo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Überblick&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=von Wietersheim |first=Erika |year=2001 |title=Namibia: Rosa Namises kämpft für Gerechtigkeit |trans-title=Rosa Namises fights for justice |url=http://www.der-ueberblick.de/ueberblick.archiv/one.ueberblick.article/ueberblick0a8c.html?entry=page.200101.085 |journal=[[Der Überblick]] |language=German |issue=1 |page=85}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 1985&lt;ref name=&quot;Überblick&quot; /&gt; o ne a latlhegelwa ke tiro kwa bookelong morago ga go bonwa a tshwarane ka diatla phatlalatsa le ngaka ya mosweu, a tlola molao wa tlhaolele o o neng o amana le go tlhaola batho ka lotso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Welt&quot;/&gt; Gape o ne a tsenngwa mo kgolegelong lekgetlho la bobedi ka ntlha ya ditiro tsa gagwe tsa sepolotiki, mo lekgetlhong leo dikgwedi di le lesome le bone.&lt;ref name=&quot;Überblick&quot; /&gt;

Fa a sena go gololwa o ne a newa tiro ke Kereke ya Roma ya go nna modiredi wa tlhabololo ya baagi. Ka one ngwaga oo [[Ben Ulenga]] o ne a gololwa kwa kgolegelong ya Robben Island. Namises le Ulenga ba ne ba kopana mme ba nna banyalani ka bonako fela morago ga moo. Fa a ne a imile ngwana wa bone wa bobedi ka 1987 mme ba santse ba gana go nyalana, Namises o ne a kobiwa mo tirong. Gape o ne a tlogela tumelo ya gagwe ya Roma ka nako eo, mme ka lebaka leo. Morago ga moo Namises o ne a ya lejwa mme a bereka kwa Yuropa le kwa Amerika. O ne a boa fela morago ga [[Ntwa ya molelwane wa Aforika Borwa|Boipuso jwa Namibia]] ka 1990. E se kgale morago ga moo go ne ga senolwa dikgatako di le mmalwa tsa ditshwanelo tsa setho tse di fetileng ke SWAPO. Fa morago ga moo lekoko le ne le aga [[Breaking the Wall of Silence|lebota la tidimalo]] go na le go sekaseka gape se se diragetseng, Namises o ne a kgaotsa go nna leloko la SWAPO ka 1992.&lt;ref name=&quot;Überblick&quot;/&gt;

Fa [[Congress of Democrats]] (CoD) e ne e tlhongwa ka 1999, Namises e ne e le mongwe wa maloko a yone a a neng a e simolola. Mo ditlhophong tsa palamente tse di latelang, CoD e ne ya bona manno a le supa, mme Namises jaaka mokwalemogolo o ne a nna Leloko la Palamente la Kokoano Bosetšhaba ya boraro. Fa CoD e ne e bona fela manno a le matlhano mo ditlhophong tse di latelang ka 2004, Namises e ne e le mongwe wa mapolotiki a a neng a se ka a boela kwa palamenteng. Le fa go ntse jalo, morago ga gore lekoko le leleke [[Nora Schimming-Chase]] ka 2009, Namises o ne a nna mo setilong sa gagwe mo pakeng e e setseng ya go dira peomolao.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Namises back in Parliament|newspaper=[[The Namibian]]|date=25 September 2009|url=http://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=58101}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bolweladitshwanelo ==
Fa Namises a ntse a tsena le go tswa mo dipolotiking, o ne a fetsa nako e e fa gare ga tsone e le molweladitshwanelo le motlhotlheletsi. Seabe sa gagwe sa ntlha sa semmuso e ne e le tiro ya gagwe kwa [[Legal Assistance Centre]] mo masimologong a bo1990, tiro e a neng a e tsaya fa a sena go tlogela SWAPO. O thusitse go ribolola le go lwantsha dikgatako tsa ditshwanelo tsa bseho koo, kgato e a e tlhalositseng e le &quot;go ipusolosetsa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Überblick&quot;/&gt;

Ke mokaedi wa [[Woman Solidarity Namibia]], mokgatlho o o lwantshanang le kgokgontsho ya le basadi le bana. Gape Namises ke mothei le motsamaisi yo mogolo wa ''Tlhokomelo ya Bana ya Bonno ya Dolam'', e leng lefelo la tlhokomelo ya bana ba ba mo kotsing. Ga jaana go na le  Bana ba le masome a mabedi le motso kwa lefelong leo.&lt;ref name=&quot;passion&quot;/&gt;

== Mo metsweding ya dikgang ==

* ''Rosa le Uria'', e leng filimi ya Sejeremane e e buang ka matshelo a ga Rosa Namises le Uria Kariere pele ga Namibia e bona boipuso &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=21 March 2010 |title=Rosa und Uria |trans-title=Rosa and Uria |url=http://programm.ard.de/Programm/Sender?monat=&amp;jahr=&amp;datum=2010-03-21&amp;sender=28725&amp;sendung=287255757724496 |publisher=[[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]] |language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Portrait einer beeindruckenden Frau'' [Setshwantsho sa mosadi yo o kgatlhang], ka Dora Borer &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Borer |first=Dora |date=8 March 2015 |title=Portrait einer beeindruckenden Frau |trans-title=Portrait of an impressive woman |url=http://www.kunsthallekleinbasel.com/8-x-frauen.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161208075637/http://www.kunsthallekleinbasel.com/8-x-frauen.html |archive-date=8 December 2016 |access-date=22 September 2016 |publisher=Kunsthalle Kleinbasel |language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==

[[Karolo:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Omar van Reenen</title>
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      <text bytes="19163" sha1="e2ixq4rb6xyacnd6yemgfjfwokz33bb" xml:space="preserve">'''Omar van Reenen''' (yo o tshotsweng c. 1996) ke molwela-ditshwanelo tsa setho wa kwa Namibia yo o buelelang ditshwanelo tsa [[Ditshwanelo tsa LGBTQ kwa Namibia|baagi ba LGBT kwa Namibia]]. Van Reenen ke mothei-mmogo wa Namibia Equal Rights Movement (Equal Namibia), mokgatlho wa loago o o eteletsweng pele ke batho go tswa kwa tlase le bašha o o tlhotlheletsang tekatekano ya batho ba LGBT.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Namibia Equal Rights Movement (Equal Namibia) |url=https://www.civic264.org.na/social-movements/namibia-equal-rights-movement-equal-namibia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529193401/https://www.civic264.org.na/social-movements/namibia-equal-rights-movement-equal-namibia |archive-date=29 May 2023 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=CIVIC +264 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Botshelo jwa pele ==
Van Reenen o tsholetswe le go godisediwa kwa Narraville, e leng torotswana ya [[Walvis Bay]] kwa [[Kgaolong ya Erongo]] kwa [[Namibia]]. Ba tshotswe morago ga bokhutlo jwa [[tlhaolele]] kwa Namibia, ba tsholetswe mo go se pele se neng se tsewa jaaka [[MaKhaladi|lelapa la mmala]] ka fa tlase ga melao ya tlhaolele, mme ke sephatlo sa [[Egypt|Baegepeto]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=June 2023 |title=10 minutes with local taste makers – Omar van Reenen |url=https://issuu.com/travelnewsnamibia/docs/flynamibia_may23_issuu_7edb3b295a3638/s/24905939 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210102053/https://issuu.com/travelnewsnamibia/docs/flynamibia_may23_issuu_7edb3b295a3638/s/24905939 |archive-date=10 February 2024 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=[[Issuu]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=25 December 2023|title=We can be heroes: the inspiring people we met around the world in 2023|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/dec/25/we-can-be-heroes-the-inspiring-people-we-met-around-the-world-in-2023|access-date=10 February 2024|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=7 June 2023|title=‘Glimmer of light’ in the fight for LGBTQ+ equality in Namibia|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/jun/07/glimmer-of-light-in-the-fight-for-lgbtq-equality-in-namibia|access-date=10 February 2024|language=en-GB|archivedate=4 February 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240204075107/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/jun/07/glimmer-of-light-in-the-fight-for-lgbtq-equality-in-namibia}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBourdin2023&quot;&gt;Bourdin, Julie (7 June 2023). . ''[[The Guardian]]''. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&amp;nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077 0261-3077]. Archived from [https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/jun/07/glimmer-of-light-in-the-fight-for-lgbtq-equality-in-namibia the original] on 4 February 2024&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 February&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Daniels Finck |first=Otis |last2= |first2= |date=12 January 2022 |title=Leading the Queer liberation struggle |url=https://www.erongo.com.na/news/leading-the-queer-liberation-struggle2022-01-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210111652/https://www.erongo.com.na/news/leading-the-queer-liberation-struggle2022-01-12 |archive-date=10 February 2024 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=Erongo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rraagwemogolo Van Reenen e ne e le mong wa dihotele yo o neng a tlhomile hotele ya ntlha ya Namibia ya batho ba e seng basweu, e e neng ya tswelela go nna lefelo la go lwantsha tlhaolele ka nako ya [[Aforika Borwa Bophirima]], ka nako eo Namibia e ne e le kgaolo ya Aforika Borwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=de Beer-Procter |first=Chris |date=5 August 2021 |title=Where we belong: Inside the reckoning for queer rights in Namibia |url=https://africanarguments.org/2021/08/where-we-belong-inside-the-reckoning-for-queer-rights-in-namibia/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230911041502/https://africanarguments.org/2021/08/where-we-belong-inside-the-reckoning-for-queer-rights-in-namibia/ |archive-date=11 September 2023 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=African Arguments |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Van Reenen o tsene sekolo se segolwane sa Duinesig kwa Walvis Bay.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; Magareng ga 2014 le 2015, ba ne ba dira jaaka ratoropo yo mmotlana wa Walvis Bay, ba emela bana le bašha ba toropo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Tjiroze |first=Gabby |last2= |first2= |date=26 June 2018 |title=Fighting for what's right |url=https://www.namibiansun.com/news/fighting-for-whats-right2018-06-25 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210110212/https://www.namibiansun.com/news/fighting-for-whats-right2018-06-25 |archive-date=10 February 2024 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=[[Namibian Sun]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fa ba sena go dira jaaka baemedi ba Namibia kwa Genius Olympiad, e leng tiragalo ya maranyane ya lefatshe lotlhe e mo go yone baithuti ba tlhagisang ditharabololo tsa mathata a tikologo, ba ne ba newa thuso ya madi a go ithuta biochemistry le maranyane a dipolotiki kwa State University of New York at Oswego kwa United States.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 June 2017 |title=Spotlight: Eusebio Omar van Reenen provides model for student involvement |url=https://www.oswego.edu/news/spotlight/eusebio-omar-van-reenen-provides-model-student-involvement |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210103734/https://www.oswego.edu/news/spotlight/eusebio-omar-van-reenen-provides-model-student-involvement |archive-date=10 February 2024 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=[[SUNY Oswego|Spotlight]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Ka nako ya fa ba le koo, ba ne ba nna moithuti wa ntlha wa boditšhabatšhaba go nna tautona wa puso ya baithuti ya yunibesithi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Van Reenen ga se wa bobedi mme o dirisa maemedi ''a [[bone/bone]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; Ba diragatsa ka metlha kwa Drag Night Namibia, e leng bosigo jo bo tlwaelesegileng jwa go diragatsa jwa LGBT jo bo tshwarelwang kwa lefelong lengwe kwa [[Windhoek]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=de Beer-Procter |first=Chris |date=16 May 2023 |title=Drag Night Namibia: &quot;What we are doing here today is massive&quot; |url=https://africanarguments.org/2023/05/drag-night-namibia-what-we-are-doing-here-today-is-massive/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230911041438/https://africanarguments.org/2023/05/drag-night-namibia-what-we-are-doing-here-today-is-massive/ |archive-date=11 September 2023 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=African Arguments |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hunte |first=Ben |date=7 June 2023 |title=‘We’re Scared’: Namibia’s New Gay Rights Are Already at Risk |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/namibia-gay-rights/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240114090659/https://www.vice.com/en/article/xgwwwz/namibia-gay-rights |archive-date=14 January 2024 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=[[Vice News|Vice]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bolweladitshwanelo ==
Van Reenen o tshwantshitse kgethololo ya semolao kgatlhanong le batho ba LGBT kwa Namibia le kgethololo kgatlhanong le batho ba e seng basweu e e diragetseng ka fa tlase ga tlhaolele. Ba kgadile Puso ya Namibia kgapetsakgapetsa ka go letlelela se ba se tsayang e le &quot;letlhoo la batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang le le dumelelwang ke puso&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Joseph |first=Elizabeth |last2= |first2= |date=13 June 2023 |title=Gay community tells Geingob to ‘get his house in order’ |url=https://www.namibiansun.com/justice/gay-community-tells-geingob-to-get-his-house-in-order2023-06-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210100143/https://www.namibiansun.com/justice/gay-community-tells-geingob-to-get-his-house-in-order2023-06-13 |archive-date=10 February 2024 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=[[Namibian Sun]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Van Reenen o tsaya gore [[Molaomotheo wa Namibia]] o tsenya ditshwanelo tsa batho ba LGBT mo teng ga athikele ya borobabedi, e e netefatsang tlotlo mo bathong botlhe ba Namibia, go sa kgathalesege bong kgotsa bong, mme o latofaditse mapolotiki ka go gogola maemo a lefatshe jaaka puso ya batho ka batho ya molaomotheo ka go itlhokomolosa se le athikele ya boraro, e e ganetsanang le kgethololo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=February 2023 |title=Civil society and state institutions hail Constitution for restoring rights and dignity of all |url=https://nbcnews.na/index.php/node/99796 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210103144/https://nbcnews.na/index.php/node/99796 |archive-date=10 February 2024 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=[[Namibian Broadcasting Corporation|NBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kasuto |first=Tujoromajo |date=16 November 2021 |title=Government accused of upholding Apartheid laws, polices …as Home Affairs appeals LGBTQ+ parents’ child citizenship |url=https://www.observer24.com.na/government-accused-of-upholding-apartheid-laws-polices-as-home-affairs-appeals-lgbtq-parents-child-citizenship/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231002050820/https://www.observer24.com.na/government-accused-of-upholding-apartheid-laws-polices-as-home-affairs-appeals-lgbtq-parents-child-citizenship/ |archive-date=2 October 2023 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=[[Windhoek Observer]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 2023, Van Reenen o ne a kgala [[Popular Democratic Movement]] phatlalatsa le [[All People's Party]] ka go buelela, kgotsa go didimala ka, melao e e akanyeditsweng ya go ila batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang, le fa a ne a dira letsholo ka nako ya ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2019 jaaka &quot;bommampodi&quot; ba setšhaba sa LGBT.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Endjala |first=Martin |date=31 May 2023 |title=APP called out for making u-turn on same-sex marriages |url=https://www.observer24.com.na/app-called-out-for-making-u-turn-on-same-sex-marriages/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603212556/https://www.observer24.com.na/app-called-out-for-making-u-turn-on-same-sex-marriages/ |archive-date=3 June 2023 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=[[Windhoek Observer]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Seno se ne sa latela ditshwaelo tsa mokwaledimogolo wa APP, Vincent Kanyetu, yo o neng a bitsa lenyalo la batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang a re ke &quot;selo se se ileditsweng&quot; le &quot;selo se se makgapha&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;

Van Reenen gape o kgadile bobegadikgang jwa Namibia ka go &quot;nna le seabe ka matlhagatlhaga mo letlhoong, tirisodikgoka le kgethololo&quot;, mme ka 2023 o ne a ikuela mo tautoneng wa nako eo wa Namibia, [[Hage Geingob]], go tshereganya go thibela go tlhatloga gape ga letlhoo la batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang le puo e e kgatlhanong le LGBT.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;/&gt; Van Reenen o ne a kgala puso ya ga Geingob ka go itlhokomolosa kgakololo e e tswang kwa Khomišeneng ya Phetolo le Tlhabololo ya Molao ya go phimola molao wa bokolone wa Namibia o o kgatlhanong le go ratana ka bong jo bo tshwanang o o neng o dira gore tiro ya thobalano ya tumalano magareng ga banna e nne molato, le gape ka go itlhokomolosa Molaokakanyetso o o akanyeditsweng wa Mosireletsi wa Puo ya Letlhoo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shikololo |first=Aletta |date=22 May 2023 |title=Same-sex ruling ruffles feathers |url=https://neweralive.na/posts/same-sex-ruling-ruffles-feathers |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219173724/https://neweralive.na/posts/same-sex-ruling-ruffles-feathers |archive-date=19 December 2023 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Van Reenen gape o nyaditse seabe sa baeteledipele ba dikereke mo go anamiseng letlhoo la batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang kwa Namibia, morago ga tlhaselo ya mosadi yo o fetotseng bong kwa Walvis Bay ka 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Itai |first=Daniel |date=16 January 2024 |title=Transgender woman brutally attacked in Namibia |url=https://www.washingtonblade.com/2024/01/16/transgender-woman-brutally-attacked-in-namibia/,%20https://www.washingtonblade.com/2024/01/16/transgender-woman-brutally-attacked-in-namibia/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120015648/https://www.washingtonblade.com/2024/01/16/transgender-woman-brutally-attacked-in-namibia/ |archive-date=20 January 2024 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=[[Washington Blade]] |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Van Reenen o ikuetse gore go tlosiwe bokolone jwa dikakanyo le dipono tsa Namibia ka ga batho ba LGBT. Ba nyaditse mapolotiki ba ba boletseng gore go ratana ka bong ke selo se se tswang kwa Bophirima, mme boemong jwa seo ba tsaya gore letlhoo la thatano ya bong kwa Namibia le tswa mo tlhotlheletsong ya Bophirima ka nako ya bokolone&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|last=Harrisberg|first=Kim|date=28 May 2021|title=Namibia considers scrapping colonial-era gay sex ban|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-namibia-lgbt-lawmaking/namibia-considers-scrapping-colonial-era-gay-sex-ban-idUSKCN2D920V/|access-date=10 February 2024|work=[[Reuters]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Namibia e e lekalekanang ===
Morago ga go boela kwa Namibia, van Reenen o ne a nna molweladitshwanelo tsa LGBT yo o itsegeng thata mo lefatsheng leo. Ka Mopitlo 2021, ba ne ba tlhoma mmogo Equal Namibia go tsibogela mathata a moagi wa Namibia Phillip Lühl le monna wa gagwe wa Mexico, Guillermo Delgado, yo barwadie Paula le Maya, ba ba neng ba tsholwa ka moemedi kwa Aforika Borwa, ba neng ba gannwe go nna baagi ba Namibia ba ba tswang kwa lefatsheng leo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igual |first=Roberto |date=23 March 2021 |title=Twins in limbo – Namibia tears apart same-sex family |url=https://mamba.lgbt/2021/03/23/twins-in-limbo-namibia-tears-apart-same-sex-family/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210164157/https://mamba.lgbt/2021/03/23/twins-in-limbo-namibia-tears-apart-same-sex-family/ |archive-date=10 February 2024 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=Mamba Online |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka Motsheganong 2021, Paula le Maya ba ne ba newa ditlankana tsa mosepele, tse di neng tsa ba letla go tsena mo Namibia, mme ka Phalane 2021, ka bobedi jwa bone ba ne ba newa boagedi jwa Namibia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igual |first=Roberto |date=23 May 2021 |title=Namibia {{!}} This is the moment Paula and Maya finally arrived home |url=https://mamba.lgbt/2021/05/23/namibia-this-is-the-moment-paula-and-maya-finally-arrived-home/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210164400/https://mamba.lgbt/2021/05/23/namibia-this-is-the-moment-paula-and-maya-finally-arrived-home/ |archive-date=10 February 2024 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=Mamba Online |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Igual |first=Roberto |date=13 October 2021 |title=Namibia {{!}} Court grants citizenship to gay couple's child |url=https://www.mambaonline.com/2021/10/13/namibia-court-grants-citizenship-to-gay-couples-child/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211013153825/https://www.mambaonline.com/2021/10/13/namibia-court-grants-citizenship-to-gay-couples-child/ |archive-date=13 October 2021 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=Mamba Online |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;/&gt;

Van Reenen o tshwantshitse bolweladitshwanelo jwa LGBT le go nna kgatlhanong le tlhaolele, le ka matsholo a Equal Namibia a ditshwanelo tsa molaomotheo le tshireletso ya MaNamibia a LGBT, gantsi ba tsaya karolo mo dikgetseng tsa kgotlatshekelo, go akaretsa le fa pele ga [[Kgotlatshekelokgolo ya Namibia]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=22 March 2023 |title=Equal Namibia: Supreme Court versteckt sich hinter Formalität |trans-title=Equal Namibia: Supreme Court hides behind formality |url=https://hitradio.com.na/equal-namibia-supreme-court-versteckt-sich-hinter-formalitaet/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602055656/https://hitradio.com.na/equal-namibia-supreme-court-versteckt-sich-hinter-formalitaet/ |archive-date=2 June 2023 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=[[Hitradio Namibia]] |language=de-DE}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Collins |first=Rose |date=28 July 2022 |title=The Movement to Repeal a Colonial-Era Sodomy Law in Namibia |url=https://sites.bu.edu/dome/2022/07/28/the-movement-to-repeal-a-colonial-era-sodomy-law-in-namibia/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230923080028/https://sites.bu.edu/dome/2022/07/28/the-movement-to-repeal-a-colonial-era-sodomy-law-in-namibia/ |archive-date=23 September 2023 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=[[Boston University|Dome]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt; Morago ga go tshegetsa letsholo la #BringPaulaAndMayaHome, van Reenen o ne a tshegetsa banyalani ba babedi ba ba neng ba ikuela gore Kgotlatshekelokgolo e amogele manyalo a batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang a a diragetseng kwa moseja fa mongwe wa balekane a tsholetswe kwa ntle ga Namibia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; Ka Motsheganong a le lesome le borataro ka ngwaga wa 2023, Kgotlatshekelokgolo e ne ya amogela ditirisanommogo tse di jalo fa di ne di diragetse kwa ntle ga lefatshe, le fa seno se ne sa latelwa ke koketsego ya se van Reenen a neng a se tlhalosa e le letlhoo la batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang go tswa mo mapolotiking le baeteledipele ba kereke kgatlhanong le katlholo, ka lenyalo la bong jo bo tshwanang ka bolone le ne le sala le le kgatlhanong le molao mo teng ga Namibia.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Boudin |first=Julie |last2=de Beer-Procter |date=1 September 2023 |title=Portraits of a movement: The activists bringing radical change to LGBTQ+ Namibians |url=https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2023/09/portraits-of-a-movement-the-activists-bringing-radical-change-to-lgbtq-namibians/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210095600/https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2023/09/portraits-of-a-movement-the-activists-bringing-radical-change-to-lgbtq-namibians/2/ |archive-date=10 February 2024 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=[[LGBTQ Nation]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt; Van Reenen morago ga moo o ne a abelana ka kgakololo ya pabalesego go Ba-Namibia ba LGBT, go akaretsa le go ba ikuela gore ba phimole ditiriso tsa media wa botsalano tse di jaaka [[Grindr]] ka ntlha ya matshwenyego ka ga batlhotlheletsi ba ba kgatlhanong le LGBT ba ba dirisang ditiriso tse di ntseng jalo go tshwenya le go tlhotlheletsa Ba-Namibia ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

Ka go dirisa Equal Namibia, van Reenen gape o rulagantse ditiragalo mo nageng yotlhe go tshwaya Kgwedi ya Boikgantsho .&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Ka Sedimonthole 2021, ba ne ba gopola letshwao la ntlha la ditso tsa LGBT la Namibia, e leng tsela ya maoto ya motshewabadimo kwa ntle ga kago ya [[Namibia Breweries]] kwa bogareng jwa Windhoek.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;/&gt; Gape ba rotloeditse ditshwanelo le mathata a batho ba LGBT kwa Namibia kwa mafatsheng a sele, go akaretsa le kwa [[Berlin Pride]] ka 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

== Metswedi ==
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    <title>Ditshwanelo tsa LGBTQ mo Botswana</title>
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      <text bytes="7049" sha1="h3f8ne4yuaglgq9xa9bskynfz1pewus" xml:space="preserve">Basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, banna ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, batho ba ba ratanang le bong ka bobedi, batho ba ba fetotseng bong, le ba ba queer (LGBTQ) mo [[Botswana]] ba atologile mo ngwagakgolong wa bomasome mabedi le motso, le fa batho ba LGBTQ ba tswelela go lebana le dikgang tsa semolao tse di sa itemogelweng ke baagi ba e seng [[Batho ba LGBTQ|ba LGBTQ]]. Ditiro tsa thobalano tsa bong jo bo tshwanang tsa bomme le banna di setse di le ka fa molaong mo Botswana fa e sale ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le motso 2019 morago ga katlholo e e dirilweng ke [[Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana]] ka bongwefela jwa pelo.&lt;ref name=&quot;cnn&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/06/11/africa/botswana-lgbtq-ruling-intl/index.html?no-st=1560254302|title=Botswana scraps gay sex laws in big victory for LGBTQ rights in Africa|last=Fox|first=Kara|date=2019-06-11|work=CNN|accessdate=2019-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-48594162|title=Botswana decriminalises homosexuality|date=2019-06-11|accessdate=2019-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Le fa Mmueledi Mogolo a ne a ikuela, katlholo e ne ya tshegediwa ke [[Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo|Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo ya Botswana]] ka Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a masome mabedi le boferabongwe ka ngwaga wa 2021.

Mo dingwageng tse di fetileng, morafe wa LGBTQ o bonala thata e bile o amogelwa thata mo baaging ba Botswana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=11 March 2016 |title=Batswana warm up to gays, study shows |url=https://legabibo.wordpress.com/2016/03/11/batswana-warm-up-to-gays-study-shows/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana e ntse e le kwa pele mo go tsa ditshwanelo tsa LGBTQ mo lefatsheng. Ka 2016, e ne ya laela Puso go kwadisa mokgatlho o mogolo wa LGBTQ wa Botswana, [[LEGABIBO]], mme ka 2017 e ne ya atlhola gore batho ba ba fetotseng bong ba na le tshwanelo ya molaomotheo ya go fetola bong jwa bone jwa semolao.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-03-14 |title=Botswana High Court postpones ruling on decriminalizing gay sex |url=https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/botswana-postpones-decriminalizing-gay-sex/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330075744/https://www.gaystarnews.com/article/botswana-postpones-decriminalizing-gay-sex/ |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=2019-03-15 |website=Gay Star News |language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 2019, e ne ya kgaola melao ya motlha wa bokolone e e neng e thibela go ratana ka bong jo bo tshwanang, mme ya atlhola gore &quot;thobalano&quot;, jaaka e tlhalosiwa mo Karolong ya Boraro ya [[Molaomotheo wa Botswana]], e tshwanetse go &quot;tlhalosiwa ka bopelotshweu le ka maikaelelo&quot; go akaretsa tshekamelo ya thobalano. Kgethololo mo tirong ka ntlha ya bong e thibetswe fa e sale ka 2010 mo Botswana, mme seno se dira gore e nne nngwe ya mafatshe a le mmalwa a Aforika a a nang le ditshireletso tse di ntseng jalo tsa batho ba LGBTQ.

[[LEGABIBO]] ke setlhopha se segolo sa lefatshe leo sa go buelela LGBTQ, mme se rotloetsa temogo le kamogelo ya batho ba LGBTQ.

== Ditso ==

== Bomolao jwa ditiro tsa thobalano tsa bong jo bo tshwanang ==

== Go lemoga botsalano jwa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ==
Banyalani ba bong jo bo tshwanang ga ba amogelwe semolao, e ka nna ka mokgwa wa lenyalo kgotsa wa dikopano tsa selegae .

== Ditshireletso tsa kgethololo ==

== Boitshupo le tlhagiso ya bong ==
Ka Lwetse 2017, Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko ya Botswana e ne ya atlhola gore go gana ga Mokwadisi wa Kwadiso ya Bosetšhaba go fetola letshwao la bong jwa monna yo o fetotseng bong go ne go &quot;sa utlwale e bile go tlola ditshwanelo tsa gagwe tsa molaomotheo tsa seriti, sephiri, kgololesego ya go tlhagisa maikutlo, tshireletso e e lekanang ya molao, kgololesego mo go tlhaolweng le go tlontlololwa&quot;. Balweladitshwanelo tsa LGBTQ ba ne ba itumelela katlholo eno, ba e tlhalosa e le phenyo e kgolo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Botswana: Activists Celebrate Botswana's Transgender Court Victory |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201710090073.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621164818/https://allafrica.com/stories/201710090073.html |archive-date=21 June 2019 |access-date=25 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=NEWS RELEASE: BOTSWANA HIGH COURT RULES IN LANDMARK GENDER IDENTITY CASE – Southern Africa Litigation Centre |url=https://www.southernafricalitigationcentre.org/2017/09/29/press-release-botswana-high-court-rules-in-landmark-gender-identity-case/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127140150/https://www.southernafricalitigationcentre.org/2017/09/29/press-release-botswana-high-court-rules-in-landmark-gender-identity-case/ |archive-date=27 November 2020 |access-date=20 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwa tshimologong, Puso ya Botswana e ne ya itsise gore e tla ikuela ka katlholo eno, mme ya swetsa kgatlhanong le yone ka Sedimonthole, ya tlamela monna yo o fetotseng bong ka lekwaloitshupo (Omang) le lešha le le bontshang boitshupo jwa gagwe jwa bong.

Kgetsi e e tshwanang, e mo go yone mosadi yo o fetotseng bong a neng a batla go fetola letshwao la gagwe la bong go nna la mosadi, e ne ya reediwa ka Sedimonthole 2017. Kgotlakgolo ya ditsheko e ne ya atlhola gore Puso e tshwanetse go amogela boitshupo jwa gagwe jwa bong.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 December 2017 |title=Botswana to recognise a transgender woman's identity for first time after historic High Court ruling |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/botswana-gaborone-transgender-identity-lgbt-rights-legabibo-court-law-a8114991.html |website=independent}}&lt;/ref&gt; O ne a neela phenyo ya gagwe go &quot;motho mongwe le mongwe wa bong jo bo fetotsweng ka go farologana mo Botswana&quot;.

== Maemo a botshelo ==

=== Mekgatlho ya loago ===

== Maikutlo a setšhaba ==
Patlisiso ya maikutlo ya Afrobarometer ya 2016 e fitlhetse gore 43% ya ba ba arabileng ba tla amogela kgotsa ba ka se tshwenyege ka go nna le ‘moagisani yo o ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang,’ e leng kwa godimo thata ga palogare ya mafatshe a a botsoloditsweng.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=9 March 2016 |title=Africa's most and least homophobic countries |url=https://76crimes.com/2016/03/09/africas-most-and-least-homophobic-countries/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Patlisiso ya maikutlo ya Afrobarometer ya 2021 e fitlhetse gore sephatlo sa batho ba ba arabileng go tswa kwa Botswana ba tla amogela kgotsa ba ka se tshwenyege ka go nna le moagisani wa yo o ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Keulder |first=Christiaan |date=3 May 2023 |title=Public opinion and tolerance of homosexuality |url=https://www.afrobarometer.org/articles/public-opinion-and-tolerance-of-homosexuality/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524094157/https://www.afrobarometer.org/articles/public-opinion-and-tolerance-of-homosexuality/ |archive-date=24 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dipatlisiso tse di dirilweng ke Afrobarometer di fitlhetse gore Batswana ba ba botlana ba amogela batho ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang go feta ba tshika e e godileng. 

== Lenaneo la tshoboko ==

== Metswedi ==
{{reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Tempolete:Shrug</title>
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        <username>NgamangaXhosa</username>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot; role=&quot;img&quot; aria-label=&quot;shrug&quot;&gt;¯\_(ツ)_/¯&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!-- Template:Shrug --&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; {{documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot;</comment>
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{{documentation}}
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  <page>
    <title>Puisano ya tempolete:Wikidata image</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-19T13:59:03Z</timestamp>
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        <username>MediaWiki message delivery</username>
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      <comment>/* Edit request: Update Template:Wikidata_image to close null operation loop */ new section</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2099" sha1="4ox5ohcly233sb3vsatxc9ndzjrepo5" xml:space="preserve">== Edit request: Update Template:Wikidata_image to close null operation loop ==

''(Apologies for posting in English)''

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding the Template:Wikidata_image that is used in many pages. The template contains many operations that have no output; despite having no result, the operation is still processed.

As this Template is used on millions of pages across the Wikimedia Projects, this creates a significant but unnecessary additional load on Wikimedia servers: we would like to reduce this.


'''// The change //'''
Currently, the template performs a series of functions, some of which have no output (known as a null operation loop). These functions can be removed without changing or harming the template’s functionality.


'''// What you need to do //'''
Please update the local template code of Template:Wikidata_image with this version we have created, available here: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Template_Optimisation#Suggested_Change|Suggested edit for Template:Wikidata_image]], and it is also pasted below, for your convenience:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=lua&gt;
{{ #if:{{NAMESPACE}}||
  {{ #if:{{{1|}}} 
  | 
  | 
 {{ #if:{{{2|}}}
    |
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      | 
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    }}
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}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{doc}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
'''Note:''' The '''&lt;nowiki&gt;[[Category:No local image but image on Wikidata]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;''' name is often locally translated, please check what is in the previous version and replace if needed.


Let me know if you have any questions about this change or need assistance to make the edit. Thank you for your help! Sent by [[m:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] using the [[Modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Puisano ya modirisi:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 15:59, 19 Motsheganong 2026 (CAT)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&amp;oldid=30565170 --&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ditshwanelo tsa LGBTQ kwa Lesotho</title>
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        <username>KatieKea</username>
        <id>10150</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323096632|LGBTQ rights in Lesotho]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>50039</origin>
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      <text bytes="838" sha1="8bbz95qpq77oaa9r4rliwlj86tio4l6" xml:space="preserve">Basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, banna ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang , batho ba ba ratang le bong ka bobedi , batho ba ba fetotseng bong , le ba ba queer (LGBTQ) kwa [[Lesotho]] ba bone ditokafatso mo lekgolong la bomasome a mabedi le motso la dingwaga, le fa batho ba LGBTQ ba tswelela go lebana le dikgwetlho tsa semolao tse di sa itemogelweng ke baagi ba e seng [[Batho ba LGBTQ|ba LGBTQ]]. Lesotho ga e amogele [[manyalo a bong jo bo tshwanang]] kgotsa [[dikopano tsa selegae]]. Kgethololo ka ntlha ya [[tshekamelo ya bong]] le [[boitshupo jwa bong]] mo tirong e thibetswe fa e sale ka 2024.

== Ditso ==

== Melao e e malebana le ditiro tsa thobalano tsa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ==

== Go lemoga botsalano jwa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ==

== Ditshpegetso kgatlhanong le kgethololo ==

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>50040</id>
      <parentid>50039</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T17:55:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>KatieKea</username>
        <id>10150</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323096632|LGBTQ rights in Lesotho]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>50040</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="1715" sha1="fb6zn3xz01lugi6w0pc16n3ktht6a7h" xml:space="preserve">Basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, banna ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang , batho ba ba ratang le bong ka bobedi , batho ba ba fetotseng bong , le ba ba queer (LGBTQ) kwa [[Lesotho]] ba bone ditokafatso mo lekgolong la bomasome a mabedi le motso la dingwaga, le fa batho ba LGBTQ ba tswelela go lebana le dikgwetlho tsa semolao tse di sa itemogelweng ke baagi ba e seng [[Batho ba LGBTQ|ba LGBTQ]]. Lesotho ga e amogele [[manyalo a bong jo bo tshwanang]] kgotsa [[dikopano tsa selegae]]. Kgethololo ka ntlha ya [[tshekamelo ya bong]] le [[boitshupo jwa bong]] mo tirong e thibetswe fa e sale ka 2024.

Batho ba LGBTQ ba lebane le go ganwa le go tlhaolwa ke setšhaba kwa Lesotho. Le fa go ntse jalo, maikutlo ka ga maloko a setšhaba sa LGBTQ a fetoga ka iketlo mme a nna le go itshokela le go amogela, go tsamaisana le diphetogo tsa lefatshe ka bophara. Ka 2012, Lesotho e ne ya dira gore go ratana ka bong jo bo tshwanang go nne ka fa molaong, mme ka Motsheganong a le lesome le boferabobedi ka ngwaga wa 2013, go ne ga nna le mogwanto wa ntlha wa boikgantsho jwa go ratana ka bong jo bo tshwanang mo lefatsheng leo.&lt;ref name=&quot;parade1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Small march is a big step for LGBTI in Lesotho |url=http://www.osisa.org/lgbti/blog/small-march-big-step-lgbti-lesotho |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520154938/http://www.osisa.org/lgbti/blog/small-march-big-step-lgbti-lesotho |archive-date=20 May 2016 |access-date=9 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditso ==

== Melao e e malebana le ditiro tsa thobalano tsa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ==

== Go lemoga botsalano jwa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ==

== Ditshpegetso kgatlhanong le kgethololo ==

== Metswedi ==</text>
      <sha1>fb6zn3xz01lugi6w0pc16n3ktht6a7h</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>50041</id>
      <parentid>50040</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T18:27:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>KatieKea</username>
        <id>10150</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323096632|LGBTQ rights in Lesotho]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>50041</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3419" sha1="6j5kf69xeupahl36f139rg8c9qncjtx" xml:space="preserve">Basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, banna ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang , batho ba ba ratang le bong ka bobedi , batho ba ba fetotseng bong , le ba ba queer (LGBTQ) kwa [[Lesotho]] ba bone ditokafatso mo lekgolong la bomasome a mabedi le motso la dingwaga, le fa batho ba LGBTQ ba tswelela go lebana le dikgwetlho tsa semolao tse di sa itemogelweng ke baagi ba e seng [[Batho ba LGBTQ|ba LGBTQ]]. Lesotho ga e amogele [[manyalo a bong jo bo tshwanang]] kgotsa [[dikopano tsa selegae]]. Kgethololo ka ntlha ya [[tshekamelo ya bong]] le [[boitshupo jwa bong]] mo tirong e thibetswe fa e sale ka 2024.

Batho ba LGBTQ ba lebane le go ganwa le go tlhaolwa ke setšhaba kwa Lesotho. Le fa go ntse jalo, maikutlo ka ga maloko a setšhaba sa LGBTQ a fetoga ka iketlo mme a nna le go itshokela le go amogela, go tsamaisana le diphetogo tsa lefatshe ka bophara. Ka 2012, Lesotho e ne ya dira gore go ratana ka bong jo bo tshwanang go nne ka fa molaong, mme ka Motsheganong a le lesome le boferabobedi ka ngwaga wa 2013, go ne ga nna le mogwanto wa ntlha wa boikgantsho jwa go ratana ka bong jo bo tshwanang mo lefatsheng leo.&lt;ref name=&quot;parade1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Small march is a big step for LGBTI in Lesotho |url=http://www.osisa.org/lgbti/blog/small-march-big-step-lgbti-lesotho |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520154938/http://www.osisa.org/lgbti/blog/small-march-big-step-lgbti-lesotho |archive-date=20 May 2016 |access-date=9 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditso ==
Go ratana ka bong jo bo tshwanang le dikamano tsa batho ba bong bo le bongwe di ntse di kwalwa kwa Lesotho ka makgolokgolo a dingwaga. [[Basotho]] ba ne ba na le setso sa makau (''{{Lang|st|boukonchana}}'' kgotsa ka tsela e nngwe ''{{Lang|st|inkotshane}}'', e gape e bidiwang boy-wife ka Seesemane) ba ka tlwaelo ba neng ba apara jaaka basadi, ba dira ditiro tsa legae tse di amanang le basadi, jaaka go apaya le go ga metsi le dikgong, mme ba tlhakanela dikobo le banna ba bone ba ba godileng ( ''{{Lang|st|numa}}''). Mo godimo ga moo, ba ne ba sa letlelelwe go tlhoga ditedu kgotsa go rota. Fa a sena go fitlha mo bonneng, botsalano bo ne bo tla phatlaladiwa, mme boy-wife o ne a ka tsaya ''{{Lang|st|boukonchana}}'' ya gagwe fa a ne a eletsa jalo. Dikamano tse, tse di itsegeng gape jaaka &quot;manyalo a meepo&quot; jaaka di ne di tlwaelesegile mo badiring ba meepo kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] e e mabapi, di ne tsa tswelela go fitlha ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne go tlwaelesegile thata gore ''{{Lang|st|numa}}'' go nna le mosadi wa bong jo bo sa tshwaneng le ene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Boy-Wives and Female Husbands |url=https://www.willsworld.org/africa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014194210/http://www.willsworld.org/africa.html |archive-date=14 October 2018 |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=www.willsworld.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dikamano tsa basadi ka bong le tsone di ne di nna teng ka mokgwa wa ''[[motsoalle]]''. Lereo le le kaya kgolagano e e ineetseng ya nako e telele magareng ga basadi ba babedi, ka maemo a a farologaneng a botsalano jwa mmele. Fa nako e ntse e ya, botsalano jwa ''{{Lang|st|motsoalle}}'' bo ne jwa simololo go nyelela kwa Lesotho.

== Melao e e malebana le ditiro tsa thobalano tsa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ==

== Go lemoga botsalano jwa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ==

== Ditshpegetso kgatlhanong le kgethololo ==

== Metswedi ==</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>KatieKea</username>
        <id>10150</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323096632|LGBTQ rights in Lesotho]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>50042</origin>
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      <text bytes="4147" sha1="1oovggwtsd91ydsqp4ihorgnfsgeytl" xml:space="preserve">Basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, banna ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang , batho ba ba ratang le bong ka bobedi , batho ba ba fetotseng bong , le ba ba queer (LGBTQ) kwa [[Lesotho]] ba bone ditokafatso mo lekgolong la bomasome a mabedi le motso la dingwaga, le fa batho ba LGBTQ ba tswelela go lebana le dikgwetlho tsa semolao tse di sa itemogelweng ke baagi ba e seng [[Batho ba LGBTQ|ba LGBTQ]]. Lesotho ga e amogele [[manyalo a bong jo bo tshwanang]] kgotsa [[dikopano tsa selegae]]. Kgethololo ka ntlha ya [[tshekamelo ya bong]] le [[boitshupo jwa bong]] mo tirong e thibetswe fa e sale ka 2024.

Batho ba LGBTQ ba lebane le go ganwa le go tlhaolwa ke setšhaba kwa Lesotho. Le fa go ntse jalo, maikutlo ka ga maloko a setšhaba sa LGBTQ a fetoga ka iketlo mme a nna le go itshokela le go amogela, go tsamaisana le diphetogo tsa lefatshe ka bophara. Ka 2012, Lesotho e ne ya dira gore go ratana ka bong jo bo tshwanang go nne ka fa molaong, mme ka Motsheganong a le lesome le boferabobedi ka ngwaga wa 2013, go ne ga nna le mogwanto wa ntlha wa boikgantsho jwa go ratana ka bong jo bo tshwanang mo lefatsheng leo.&lt;ref name=&quot;parade1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Small march is a big step for LGBTI in Lesotho |url=http://www.osisa.org/lgbti/blog/small-march-big-step-lgbti-lesotho |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520154938/http://www.osisa.org/lgbti/blog/small-march-big-step-lgbti-lesotho |archive-date=20 May 2016 |access-date=9 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditso ==
Go ratana ka bong jo bo tshwanang le dikamano tsa batho ba bong bo le bongwe di ntse di kwalwa kwa Lesotho ka makgolokgolo a dingwaga. [[Basotho]] ba ne ba na le setso sa makau (''{{Lang|st|boukonchana}}'' kgotsa ka tsela e nngwe ''{{Lang|st|inkotshane}}'', e gape e bidiwang boy-wife ka Seesemane) ba ka tlwaelo ba neng ba apara jaaka basadi, ba dira ditiro tsa legae tse di amanang le basadi, jaaka go apaya le go ga metsi le dikgong, mme ba tlhakanela dikobo le banna ba bone ba ba godileng ( ''{{Lang|st|numa}}''). Mo godimo ga moo, ba ne ba sa letlelelwe go tlhoga ditedu kgotsa go rota. Fa a sena go fitlha mo bonneng, botsalano bo ne bo tla phatlaladiwa, mme boy-wife o ne a ka tsaya ''{{Lang|st|boukonchana}}'' ya gagwe fa a ne a eletsa jalo. Dikamano tse, tse di itsegeng gape jaaka &quot;manyalo a meepo&quot; jaaka di ne di tlwaelesegile mo badiring ba meepo kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] e e mabapi, di ne tsa tswelela go fitlha ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne go tlwaelesegile thata gore ''{{Lang|st|numa}}'' go nna le mosadi wa bong jo bo sa tshwaneng le ene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Boy-Wives and Female Husbands |url=https://www.willsworld.org/africa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014194210/http://www.willsworld.org/africa.html |archive-date=14 October 2018 |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=www.willsworld.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dikamano tsa basadi ka bong le tsone di ne di nna teng ka mokgwa wa ''[[motsoalle]]''. Lereo le le kaya kgolagano e e ineetseng ya nako e telele magareng ga basadi ba babedi, ka maemo a a farologaneng a botsalano jwa mmele. Fa nako e ntse e ya, botsalano jwa ''{{Lang|st|motsoalle}}'' bo ne jwa simololo go nyelela kwa Lesotho.

Ka 1914, badiredi ba bokolone ba ne ba leka go emisa mekgwa eno, mme ga se ka ga thusa sepe. Ka dikamano tsa ''{{Lang|st|boukonchana}}'' , go apara diaparo tse di sa tsamaelaneng le bong phatlalatsa le mekete ya lenyalo la batho ba bong bo le bongwe e ne e le selo se se tlwaelesegileng kwa Lesotho le setshaba sa Basotho kwa Aforika Borwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo dingwageng tsa bosheng jaana, badiredi ba ile ba leka go gatelela le go tlhotlhomisa metlotlo e e neng e dirwa ka kgang eno. Mo malatsing ano, go na le kganetso e e anameng ya gore ditiro tseno di kile tsa diragala, mme banna ba Basotho ba na le leina le le maatla la &quot;macho&quot; moo go tlhakaneleng dikobo ga batho ba bong jo bo sa tshwaneng mo go ketekiwang thata.

== Melao e e malebang le ditiro tsa thobalano tsa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ==

== Go lemoga botsalano jwa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ==

== Ditshpegetso kgatlhanong le kgethololo ==

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>KatieKea</username>
        <id>10150</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323096632|LGBTQ rights in Lesotho]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>50043</origin>
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      <text bytes="7842" sha1="8wetoxu7e4u73b669eqy6bxqp166c5k" xml:space="preserve">Basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, banna ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang , batho ba ba ratang le bong ka bobedi , batho ba ba fetotseng bong , le ba ba queer (LGBTQ) kwa [[Lesotho]] ba bone ditokafatso mo lekgolong la bomasome a mabedi le motso la dingwaga, le fa batho ba LGBTQ ba tswelela go lebana le dikgwetlho tsa semolao tse di sa itemogelweng ke baagi ba e seng [[Batho ba LGBTQ|ba LGBTQ]]. Lesotho ga e amogele [[manyalo a bong jo bo tshwanang]] kgotsa [[dikopano tsa selegae]]. Kgethololo ka ntlha ya [[tshekamelo ya bong]] le [[boitshupo jwa bong]] mo tirong e thibetswe fa e sale ka 2024.

Batho ba LGBTQ ba lebane le go ganwa le go tlhaolwa ke setšhaba kwa Lesotho. Le fa go ntse jalo, maikutlo ka ga maloko a setšhaba sa LGBTQ a fetoga ka iketlo mme a nna le go itshokela le go amogela, go tsamaisana le diphetogo tsa lefatshe ka bophara. Ka 2012, Lesotho e ne ya dira gore go ratana ka bong jo bo tshwanang go nne ka fa molaong, mme ka Motsheganong a le lesome le boferabobedi ka ngwaga wa 2013, go ne ga nna le mogwanto wa ntlha wa boikgantsho jwa go ratana ka bong jo bo tshwanang mo lefatsheng leo.&lt;ref name=&quot;parade1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Small march is a big step for LGBTI in Lesotho |url=http://www.osisa.org/lgbti/blog/small-march-big-step-lgbti-lesotho |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520154938/http://www.osisa.org/lgbti/blog/small-march-big-step-lgbti-lesotho |archive-date=20 May 2016 |access-date=9 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditso ==
Go ratana ka bong jo bo tshwanang le dikamano tsa batho ba bong bo le bongwe di ntse di kwalwa kwa Lesotho ka makgolokgolo a dingwaga. [[Basotho]] ba ne ba na le setso sa makau (''{{Lang|st|boukonchana}}'' kgotsa ka tsela e nngwe ''{{Lang|st|inkotshane}}'', e gape e bidiwang boy-wife ka Seesemane) ba ka tlwaelo ba neng ba apara jaaka basadi, ba dira ditiro tsa legae tse di amanang le basadi, jaaka go apaya le go ga metsi le dikgong, mme ba tlhakanela dikobo le banna ba bone ba ba godileng ( ''{{Lang|st|numa}}''). Mo godimo ga moo, ba ne ba sa letlelelwe go tlhoga ditedu kgotsa go rota. Fa a sena go fitlha mo bonneng, botsalano bo ne bo tla phatlaladiwa, mme boy-wife o ne a ka tsaya ''{{Lang|st|boukonchana}}'' ya gagwe fa a ne a eletsa jalo. Dikamano tse, tse di itsegeng gape jaaka &quot;manyalo a meepo&quot; jaaka di ne di tlwaelesegile mo badiring ba meepo kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] e e mabapi, di ne tsa tswelela go fitlha ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne go tlwaelesegile thata gore ''{{Lang|st|numa}}'' go nna le mosadi wa bong jo bo sa tshwaneng le ene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Boy-Wives and Female Husbands |url=https://www.willsworld.org/africa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014194210/http://www.willsworld.org/africa.html |archive-date=14 October 2018 |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=www.willsworld.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dikamano tsa basadi ka bong le tsone di ne di nna teng ka mokgwa wa ''[[motsoalle]]''. Lereo le le kaya kgolagano e e ineetseng ya nako e telele magareng ga basadi ba babedi, ka maemo a a farologaneng a botsalano jwa mmele. Fa nako e ntse e ya, botsalano jwa ''{{Lang|st|motsoalle}}'' bo ne jwa simololo go nyelela kwa Lesotho.

Ka 1914, badiredi ba bokolone ba ne ba leka go emisa mekgwa eno, mme ga se ka ga thusa sepe. Ka dikamano tsa ''{{Lang|st|boukonchana}}'' , go apara diaparo tse di sa tsamaelaneng le bong phatlalatsa le mekete ya lenyalo la batho ba bong bo le bongwe e ne e le selo se se tlwaelesegileng kwa Lesotho le setshaba sa Basotho kwa Aforika Borwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo dingwageng tsa bosheng jaana, badiredi ba ile ba leka go gatelela le go tlhotlhomisa metlotlo e e neng e dirwa ka kgang eno. Mo malatsing ano, go na le kganetso e e anameng ya gore ditiro tseno di kile tsa diragala, mme banna ba Basotho ba na le leina le le maatla la &quot;macho&quot; moo go tlhakaneleng dikobo ga batho ba bong jo bo sa tshwaneng mo go ketekiwang thata.

== Melao e e malebang le ditiro tsa thobalano tsa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ==
Ka 2012, tlhakanelo dikobo ya banna ka bong jo bo tshwanang e ne ya nna ka fa molaong kwa Lesotho.&lt;ref name=&quot;ILGA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;penal code&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Penal Code Act, 2010 |url=http://www.lesotholii.org/ls/legislation/act/2012/6 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701144053/http://www.lesotholii.org/ls/legislation/act/2012/6 |archive-date=1 July 2016 |access-date=19 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tlhakanelo dikobo ya banna ka bong jo bo tshwanang e ne e kile ya bo e le kgatlhanong le molao kwa Lesotho jaaka tlolomolao ya molao o o tlwaelesegileng,&lt;ref name=&quot;Matrix&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Human Rights Violations in Lesotho&quot;, excerpt written by Motebo Ntabe, graduate of legal studies at the National University of Lesotho, submitted by the Matrix Support Group for the 2010 Universal Periodic Review of Lesotho, reprinted on the website of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights |url=http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session8/LS/MSG_UPR_LSO_S08_2010_MatrixSupportGroup.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810015205/http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session8/LS/MSG_UPR_LSO_S08_2010_MatrixSupportGroup.pdf |archive-date=10 August 2017 |access-date=25 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; mme e ne e sa diragadiwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=LESOTHO 2012 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT |url=https://photos.state.gov/libraries/lesotho/231771/PDFs/country_human_rights_report-lesotho_2012.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209042521/http://photos.state.gov/libraries/lesotho/231771/PDFs/country_human_rights_report-lesotho_2012.pdf |archive-date=9 February 2017 |access-date=24 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tlhakanelo dikobo ya basadi ka bong jo bo tshwanang ga e ise e ko e thibelwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Matrix&quot; /&gt;

== Go lemoga botsalano jwa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ==
Ka fa tlase ga ''Molao wa Lenyalo wa Bolesome wa 1974'' le molao wa setso wa Lesotho, lenyalo le letleletswe fela mo banyalaning ba bong jo bo farologaneng.&lt;ref name=&quot;Matrix&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Human Rights Violations in Lesotho&quot;, excerpt written by Motebo Ntabe, graduate of legal studies at the National University of Lesotho, submitted by the Matrix Support Group for the 2010 Universal Periodic Review of Lesotho, reprinted on the website of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights |url=http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session8/LS/MSG_UPR_LSO_S08_2010_MatrixSupportGroup.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810015205/http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session8/LS/MSG_UPR_LSO_S08_2010_MatrixSupportGroup.pdf |archive-date=10 August 2017 |access-date=25 December 2012}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170810015205/http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session8/LS/MSG_UPR_LSO_S08_2010_MatrixSupportGroup.pdf &quot;&quot;Human Rights Violations in Lesotho&quot;, excerpt written by Motebo Ntabe, graduate of legal studies at the National University of Lesotho, submitted by the Matrix Support Group for the 2010 Universal Periodic Review of Lesotho, reprinted on the website of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Archived from [http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session8/LS/MSG_UPR_LSO_S08_2010_MatrixSupportGroup.pdf the original] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; on 10 August 2017&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;25 December&lt;/span&gt; 2012&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditshupegetso kgatlhanong le kgethololo ==

== Metswedi ==</text>
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      <id>50049</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-19T19:40:32Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Dumbassman</username>
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      <text bytes="7853" sha1="1k4pl0fp0geyfdy7q947z3qq460vbkv" xml:space="preserve">Basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, banna ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang , batho ba ba ratang le bong ka bobedi , batho ba ba fetotseng bong, le ba ba queer (LGBTQ) kwa [[Lesotho]] ba bone ditokafatso mo lekgolong la bomasome a mabedi le motso la dingwaga, le fa batho ba LGBTQ ba tswelela go lebana le dikgwetlho tsa semolao tse di sa itemogelweng ke baagi ba e seng [[Batho ba LGBTQ|ba LGBTQ]]. Lesotho ga e amogele [[manyalo a bong jo bo tshwanang]] kgotsa [[dikopano tsa selegae]]. Kgethololo ka ntlha ya [[tshekamelo ya bong]] le [[boitshupo jwa bong]] mo tirong e thibetswe fa e sale ka 2024.

Batho ba LGBTQ ba lebane le go ganwa le go tlhaolwa ke setšhaba kwa Lesotho. Le fa go ntse jalo, maikutlo ka ga maloko a setšhaba sa LGBTQ a fetoga ka iketlo mme a nna le go itshokela le go amogela, go tsamaisana le diphetogo tsa lefatshe ka bophara. Ka 2012, Lesotho e ne ya dira gore go ratana ka bong jo bo tshwanang go nne ka fa molaong, mme ka Motsheganong a le lesome le boferabobedi ka ngwaga wa 2013, go ne ga nna le mogwanto wa ntlha wa boikgantsho jwa go ratana ka bong jo bo tshwanang mo lefatsheng leo.&lt;ref name=&quot;parade1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Small march is a big step for LGBTI in Lesotho |url=http://www.osisa.org/lgbti/blog/small-march-big-step-lgbti-lesotho |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520154938/http://www.osisa.org/lgbti/blog/small-march-big-step-lgbti-lesotho |archive-date=20 May 2016 |access-date=9 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditso ==
Go ratana ka bong jo bo tshwanang le dikamano tsa batho ba bong bo le bongwe di ntse di kwalwa kwa Lesotho ka makgolokgolo a dingwaga. [[Basotho]] ba ne ba na le setso sa makau (''{{Lang|st|boukonchana}}'' kgotsa ka tsela e nngwe ''{{Lang|st|inkotshane}}'', e gape e bidiwang boy-wife ka Seesemane) ba ka tlwaelo ba neng ba apara jaaka basadi, ba dira ditiro tsa legae tse di amanang le basadi, jaaka go apaya le go ga metsi le dikgong, mme ba tlhakanela dikobo le banna ba bone ba ba godileng ( ''{{Lang|st|numa}}''). Mo godimo ga moo, ba ne ba sa letlelelwe go tlhoga ditedu kgotsa go rota. Fa a sena go fitlha mo bonneng, botsalano bo ne bo tla phatlaladiwa, mme boy-wife o ne a ka tsaya ''{{Lang|st|boukonchana}}'' ya gagwe fa a ne a eletsa jalo. Dikamano tse, tse di itsegeng gape jaaka &quot;manyalo a meepo&quot; jaaka di ne di tlwaelesegile mo badiring ba meepo kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] e e mabapi, di ne tsa tswelela go fitlha ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne go tlwaelesegile thata gore ''{{Lang|st|numa}}'' go nna le mosadi wa bong jo bo sa tshwaneng le ene.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Boy-Wives and Female Husbands |url=https://www.willsworld.org/africa.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014194210/http://www.willsworld.org/africa.html |archive-date=14 October 2018 |access-date=2 January 2022 |website=www.willsworld.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dikamano tsa basadi ka bong le tsone di ne di nna teng ka mokgwa wa ''[[motsoalle]]''. Lereo le le kaya kgolagano e e ineetseng ya nako e telele magareng ga basadi ba babedi, ka maemo a a farologaneng a botsalano jwa mmele. Fa nako e ntse e ya, botsalano jwa ''{{Lang|st|motsoalle}}'' bo ne jwa simololo go nyelela kwa Lesotho.

Ka 1914, badiredi ba bokolone ba ne ba leka go emisa mekgwa eno, mme ga se ka ga thusa sepe. Ka dikamano tsa ''{{Lang|st|boukonchana}}'' , go apara diaparo tse di sa tsamaelaneng le bong phatlalatsa le mekete ya lenyalo la batho ba bong bo le bongwe e ne e le selo se se tlwaelesegileng kwa Lesotho le setshaba sa Basotho kwa Aforika Borwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo dingwageng tsa bosheng jaana, badiredi ba ile ba leka go gatelela le go tlhotlhomisa metlotlo e e neng e dirwa ka kgang eno. Mo malatsing ano, go na le kganetso e e anameng ya gore ditiro tseno di kile tsa diragala, mme banna ba Basotho ba na le leina le le maatla la &quot;macho&quot; moo go tlhakaneleng dikobo ga batho ba bong jo bo sa tshwaneng mo go ketekiwang thata.

== Melao e e malebang le ditiro tsa thobalano tsa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ==
Ka 2012, tlhakanelo dikobo ya banna ka bong jo bo tshwanang e ne ya nna ka fa molaong kwa Lesotho.&lt;ref name=&quot;ILGA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition |url=http://ilga.org/downloads/02_ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2016_ENG_WEB_150516.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;penal code&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Penal Code Act, 2010 |url=http://www.lesotholii.org/ls/legislation/act/2012/6 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701144053/http://www.lesotholii.org/ls/legislation/act/2012/6 |archive-date=1 July 2016 |access-date=19 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tlhakanelo dikobo ya banna ka bong jo bo tshwanang e ne e kile ya bo e le kgatlhanong le molao kwa Lesotho jaaka tlolomolao ya molao o o tlwaelesegileng,&lt;ref name=&quot;Matrix&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Human Rights Violations in Lesotho&quot;, excerpt written by Motebo Ntabe, graduate of legal studies at the National University of Lesotho, submitted by the Matrix Support Group for the 2010 Universal Periodic Review of Lesotho, reprinted on the website of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights |url=http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session8/LS/MSG_UPR_LSO_S08_2010_MatrixSupportGroup.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810015205/http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session8/LS/MSG_UPR_LSO_S08_2010_MatrixSupportGroup.pdf |archive-date=10 August 2017 |access-date=25 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; mme e ne e sa diragadiwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=LESOTHO 2012 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT |url=https://photos.state.gov/libraries/lesotho/231771/PDFs/country_human_rights_report-lesotho_2012.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209042521/http://photos.state.gov/libraries/lesotho/231771/PDFs/country_human_rights_report-lesotho_2012.pdf |archive-date=9 February 2017 |access-date=24 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tlhakanelo dikobo ya basadi ka bong jo bo tshwanang ga e ise e ko e thibelwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Matrix&quot; /&gt;

== Go lemoga botsalano jwa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ==
Ka fa tlase ga ''Molao wa Lenyalo wa Bolesome wa 1974'' le molao wa setso wa Lesotho, lenyalo le letleletswe fela mo banyalaning ba bong jo bo farologaneng.&lt;ref name=&quot;Matrix&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;Human Rights Violations in Lesotho&quot;, excerpt written by Motebo Ntabe, graduate of legal studies at the National University of Lesotho, submitted by the Matrix Support Group for the 2010 Universal Periodic Review of Lesotho, reprinted on the website of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights |url=http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session8/LS/MSG_UPR_LSO_S08_2010_MatrixSupportGroup.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810015205/http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session8/LS/MSG_UPR_LSO_S08_2010_MatrixSupportGroup.pdf |archive-date=10 August 2017 |access-date=25 December 2012}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170810015205/http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session8/LS/MSG_UPR_LSO_S08_2010_MatrixSupportGroup.pdf &quot;&quot;Human Rights Violations in Lesotho&quot;, excerpt written by Motebo Ntabe, graduate of legal studies at the National University of Lesotho, submitted by the Matrix Support Group for the 2010 Universal Periodic Review of Lesotho, reprinted on the website of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Archived from [http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session8/LS/MSG_UPR_LSO_S08_2010_MatrixSupportGroup.pdf the original] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; on 10 August 2017&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;25 December&lt;/span&gt; 2012&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditshupegetso kgatlhanong le kgethololo ==

== Metswedi ==
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    <title>Ditshwanelo tsa LGBTQ kwa Eswatini</title>
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      <text bytes="1029" sha1="lqr7ektd5nw045ns7e4zq9j2mgvfhse" xml:space="preserve">'''Basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, banna ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, batho ba ba ratanang le bong ka bobedi, batho ba ba fetotseng bong, le ba ba queer''' ('''LGBTQ''') kwa '''Eswatini''' ba na le ditshwanelo tse di lekanyeditsweng tsa semolao. Go ya ka Rock of Hope, setlhopha sa babueledi ba LGBTQ sa baSwati, &quot;ga go na molao o o amogelang LGBTI kgotsa o o sireletsang tshwanelo ya go nna le tshekamelo e e seng ya bong jo bo farologaneng le boitshupo jwa bong mme ka ntlha ya seo [batho ba LGBTQ] ga ba kgone go bua ka tlhamalalo ka tshekamelo ya bone kgotsa boitshupo jwa bong jwa bone ka ntlha ya go tshaba go ganwa le go tlhaolwa.&quot; Go ratana ka bong ga banna ga go kafa molaong kwa [[Eswatini]], le fa molao ono o sa diragadiwe. Go ya ka ''Pego ya 2021 ya Mekgwa ya Ditshwanelo tsa Setho'' go tswa kwa Lephateng la Merero ya Lefatshe la United States, &quot;ga go ise go ke go nne le go tshwarwa kgotsa go sekisiwa ka ntlha ya boitshwaro jwa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ka tumalano.&quot;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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      <text bytes="2034" sha1="jq5a3z2r44wym5hxqzb39zzhwkmmtu2" xml:space="preserve">'''Basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, banna ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, batho ba ba ratanang le bong ka bobedi, batho ba ba fetotseng bong, le ba ba queer''' ('''LGBTQ''') kwa '''Eswatini''' ba na le ditshwanelo tse di lekanyeditsweng tsa semolao. Go ya ka Rock of Hope, setlhopha sa babueledi ba LGBTQ sa baSwati, &quot;ga go na molao o o amogelang LGBTI kgotsa o o sireletsang tshwanelo ya go nna le tshekamelo e e seng ya bong jo bo farologaneng le boitshupo jwa bong mme ka ntlha ya seo [batho ba LGBTQ] ga ba kgone go bua ka tlhamalalo ka tshekamelo ya bone kgotsa boitshupo jwa bong jwa bone ka ntlha ya go tshaba go ganwa le go tlhaolwa.&quot; Go ratana ka bong ga banna ga go kafa molaong kwa [[Eswatini]], le fa molao ono o sa diragadiwe. Go ya ka ''Pego ya 2021 ya Mekgwa ya Ditshwanelo tsa Setho'' go tswa kwa Lephateng la Merero ya Lefatshe la United States, &quot;ga go ise go ke go nne le go tshwarwa kgotsa go sekisiwa ka ntlha ya boitshwaro jwa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ka tumalano.&quot;

Le fa go se na tiragatso ya semolao kgatlhanong le tiro ya thobalano ya bong jo bo tshwanang, batho ba LGBTQ kwa Eswatini ka metlha ba lebana le go tlhaolwa le go tshwenngwa mo setšhabeng, go akaretsa le tirisodikgoka. Ka jalo, bontsi bo tlhopha go nna ba sa itshupe kgotsa go fudugela kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] e e mabapi .

Le fa go ntse jalo, Eswatini e na le kgotlelelo e e kwa godimo go feta palogare ya batho ba LGBTQ fa e bapisiwa le bontsi jwa mafatshe a mangwe a Aforika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=O'Donnell |first=Belinda |date=3 March 2016 |title=HERE ARE THE MOST AND LEAST TOLERANT COUNTRIES IN AFRICA |url=https://www.undispatch.com/here-are-the-most-and-least-tolerant-countries-in-africa/ |website=UN Dispatch}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mogwanto wa ntlha wa boikgantsho wa Eswatini o ne wa tshwarwa ka Seetebosigo 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 April 2018 |title=LGBT Activists Plan First-Ever Pride March in Swaziland |url=https://lasentinel.net/lgbt-activists-plan-first-ever-pride-march-in-swaziland.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

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      <text bytes="3290" sha1="q2mxq0nowyoaui013flrjh0tjzqs6xj" xml:space="preserve">'''Basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, banna ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, batho ba ba ratanang le bong ka bobedi, batho ba ba fetotseng bong, le ba ba queer''' ('''LGBTQ''') kwa '''Eswatini''' ba na le ditshwanelo tse di lekanyeditsweng tsa semolao. Go ya ka Rock of Hope, setlhopha sa babueledi ba LGBTQ sa baSwati, &quot;ga go na molao o o amogelang LGBTI kgotsa o o sireletsang tshwanelo ya go nna le tshekamelo e e seng ya bong jo bo farologaneng le boitshupo jwa bong mme ka ntlha ya seo [batho ba LGBTQ] ga ba kgone go bua ka tlhamalalo ka tshekamelo ya bone kgotsa boitshupo jwa bong jwa bone ka ntlha ya go tshaba go ganwa le go tlhaolwa.&quot; Go ratana ka bong ga banna ga go kafa molaong kwa [[Eswatini]], le fa molao ono o sa diragadiwe. Go ya ka ''Pego ya 2021 ya Mekgwa ya Ditshwanelo tsa Setho'' go tswa kwa Lephateng la Merero ya Lefatshe la United States, &quot;ga go ise go ke go nne le go tshwarwa kgotsa go sekisiwa ka ntlha ya boitshwaro jwa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ka tumalano.&quot;

Le fa go se na tiragatso ya semolao kgatlhanong le tiro ya thobalano ya bong jo bo tshwanang, batho ba LGBTQ kwa Eswatini ka metlha ba lebana le go tlhaolwa le go tshwenngwa mo setšhabeng, go akaretsa le tirisodikgoka. Ka jalo, bontsi bo tlhopha go nna ba sa itshupe kgotsa go fudugela kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] e e mabapi .

Le fa go ntse jalo, Eswatini e na le kgotlelelo e e kwa godimo go feta palogare ya batho ba LGBTQ fa e bapisiwa le bontsi jwa mafatshe a mangwe a Aforika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=O'Donnell |first=Belinda |date=3 March 2016 |title=HERE ARE THE MOST AND LEAST TOLERANT COUNTRIES IN AFRICA |url=https://www.undispatch.com/here-are-the-most-and-least-tolerant-countries-in-africa/ |website=UN Dispatch}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mogwanto wa ntlha wa boikgantsho wa Eswatini o ne wa tshwarwa ka Seetebosigo 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 April 2018 |title=LGBT Activists Plan First-Ever Pride March in Swaziland |url=https://lasentinel.net/lgbt-activists-plan-first-ever-pride-march-in-swaziland.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Melao e e malebang le ditiro tsa thobalano tsa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ==
Go ya ka Karolo 252(1) ya Molaomotheo wa Bogosi jwa Eswatini, melao le melawana ya molao o o tlwaelesegileng wa Roman-Dutch e e ntseng e dira mo Eswatini fa e sale ka Tlhakole a le malatsi a masome a mabedi le bobedi ka 1907 (jaaka melao le melawana eo e ne e le teng ka Lwetse a le garataro ka 1968, Letsatsi la Boipuso) e dirisiwa jaaka molao wa Eswatini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Section 252(1), Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland 2005, page 115 |url=http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SZ/CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20KINGDOM%20OF%20SWAZILAND%202005.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Motswedi o mogolo wa molao wa tlwaelo o ka 1907 e ne e le molao wa tlwaelo jaaka o ne o dirisiwa ka nako eo kwa [[Koloning ya Teransefala]], e kwa bofelong e neng ya nna karolo ya [[Aforika Borwa]] .&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=The Law and Legal Research in Swaziland|url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Swaziland1.html#commonlaw}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sodoma, e e tlhalosiwang e le dikamano tsa tlhakanelodikobo tsa bong jo bo tshwanang fa gare ga banna, e ne e le tlolomolao go ya ka molao o o tlwaelesegileng wa 1907, e e neng e ka otlhaiwa ka loso kgotsa ka kotlhao e nnye go ya ka tshwetso ya kgotlatshekelo.

== Metswedi ==</text>
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      <text bytes="3301" sha1="seqvludd2wkkbuq2fx1cr669lvx11mq" xml:space="preserve">'''Basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, banna ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, batho ba ba ratanang le bong ka bobedi, batho ba ba fetotseng bong, le ba ba queer''' ('''LGBTQ''') kwa '''Eswatini''' ba na le ditshwanelo tse di lekanyeditsweng tsa semolao. Go ya ka Rock of Hope, setlhopha sa babueledi ba LGBTQ sa baSwati, &quot;ga go na molao o o amogelang LGBTI kgotsa o o sireletsang tshwanelo ya go nna le tshekamelo e e seng ya bong jo bo farologaneng le boitshupo jwa bong mme ka ntlha ya seo [batho ba LGBTQ] ga ba kgone go bua ka tlhamalalo ka tshekamelo ya bone kgotsa boitshupo jwa bong jwa bone ka ntlha ya go tshaba go ganwa le go tlhaolwa.&quot; Go ratana ka bong ga banna ga go kafa molaong kwa [[Eswatini]], le fa molao ono o sa diragadiwe. Go ya ka ''Pego ya 2021 ya Mekgwa ya Ditshwanelo tsa Setho'' go tswa kwa Lephateng la Merero ya Lefatshe la United States, &quot;ga go ise go ke go nne le go tshwarwa kgotsa go sekisiwa ka ntlha ya boitshwaro jwa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ka tumalano.&quot;

Le fa go se na tiragatso ya semolao kgatlhanong le tiro ya thobalano ya bong jo bo tshwanang, batho ba LGBTQ kwa Eswatini ka metlha ba lebana le go tlhaolwa le go tshwenngwa mo setšhabeng, go akaretsa le tirisodikgoka. Ka jalo, bontsi bo tlhopha go nna ba sa itshupe kgotsa go fudugela kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] e e mabapi.

Le fa go ntse jalo, Eswatini e na le kgotlelelo e e kwa godimo go feta palogare ya batho ba LGBTQ fa e bapisiwa le bontsi jwa mafatshe a mangwe a Aforika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=O'Donnell |first=Belinda |date=3 March 2016 |title=HERE ARE THE MOST AND LEAST TOLERANT COUNTRIES IN AFRICA |url=https://www.undispatch.com/here-are-the-most-and-least-tolerant-countries-in-africa/ |website=UN Dispatch}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mogwanto wa ntlha wa boikgantsho wa Eswatini o ne wa tshwarwa ka Seetebosigo 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 April 2018 |title=LGBT Activists Plan First-Ever Pride March in Swaziland |url=https://lasentinel.net/lgbt-activists-plan-first-ever-pride-march-in-swaziland.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Melao e e malebang le ditiro tsa thobalano tsa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ==
Go ya ka Karolo 252(1) ya Molaomotheo wa Bogosi jwa Eswatini, melao le melawana ya molao o o tlwaelesegileng wa Roman-Dutch e e ntseng e dira mo Eswatini fa e sale ka Tlhakole a le malatsi a masome a mabedi le bobedi ka 1907 (jaaka melao le melawana eo e ne e le teng ka Lwetse a le garataro ka 1968, Letsatsi la Boipuso) e dirisiwa jaaka molao wa Eswatini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Section 252(1), Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland 2005, page 115 |url=http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SZ/CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20KINGDOM%20OF%20SWAZILAND%202005.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Motswedi o mogolo wa molao wa tlwaelo o ka 1907 e ne e le molao wa tlwaelo jaaka o ne o dirisiwa ka nako eo kwa [[Koloning ya Teransefala]], e kwa bofelong e neng ya nna karolo ya [[Aforika Borwa]] .&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=The Law and Legal Research in Swaziland|url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Swaziland1.html#commonlaw}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sodoma, e e tlhalosiwang e le dikamano tsa tlhakanelodikobo tsa bong jo bo tshwanang fa gare ga banna, e ne e le tlolomolao go ya ka molao o o tlwaelesegileng wa 1907, e e neng e ka otlhaiwa ka loso kgotsa ka kotlhao e nnye go ya ka tshwetso ya kgotlatshekelo.

== Metswedi ==
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      <text bytes="3300" sha1="t88sc9lriu3shofl1slownin303i64z" xml:space="preserve">'''Basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, banna ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, batho ba ba ratanang le bong ka bobedi, batho ba ba fetotseng bong, le ba ba queer''' ('''LGBTQ''') kwa '''Eswatini''' ba na le ditshwanelo tse di lekanyeditsweng tsa semolao. Go ya ka Rock of Hope, setlhopha sa babueledi ba LGBTQ sa baSwati, &quot;ga go na molao o o amogelang LGBTI kgotsa o o sireletsang tshwanelo ya go nna le tshekamelo e e seng ya bong jo bo farologaneng le boitshupo jwa bong mme ka ntlha ya seo [batho ba LGBTQ] ga ba kgone go bua ka tlhamalalo ka tshekamelo ya bone kgotsa boitshupo jwa bong jwa bone ka ntlha ya go tshaba go ganwa le go tlhaolwa.&quot; Go ratana ka bong ga banna ga go kafa molaong kwa [[Eswatini]], le fa molao ono o sa diragadiwe. Go ya ka ''Pego ya 2021 ya Mekgwa ya Ditshwanelo tsa Setho'' go tswa kwa Lephateng la Merero ya Lefatshe la United States, &quot;ga go ise go ke go nne le go tshwarwa kgotsa go sekisiwa ka ntlha ya boitshwaro jwa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ka tumalano.&quot;

Le fa go se na tiragatso ya semolao kgatlhanong le tiro ya thobalano ya bong jo bo tshwanang, batho ba LGBTQ kwa Eswatini ka metlha ba lebana le go tlhaolwa le go tshwenngwa mo setšhabeng, go akaretsa le tirisodikgoka. Ka jalo, bontsi bo tlhopha go nna ba sa itshupe kgotsa go fudugela kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] e e mabapi.

Le fa go ntse jalo, Eswatini e na le kgotlelelo e e kwa godimo go feta palogare ya batho ba LGBTQ fa e bapisiwa le bontsi jwa mafatshe a mangwe a Aforika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=O'Donnell |first=Belinda |date=3 March 2016 |title=HERE ARE THE MOST AND LEAST TOLERANT COUNTRIES IN AFRICA |url=https://www.undispatch.com/here-are-the-most-and-least-tolerant-countries-in-africa/ |website=UN Dispatch}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mogwanto wa ntlha wa boikgantsho wa Eswatini o ne wa tshwarwa ka Seetebosigo 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 April 2018 |title=LGBT Activists Plan First-Ever Pride March in Swaziland |url=https://lasentinel.net/lgbt-activists-plan-first-ever-pride-march-in-swaziland.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Melao e e malebang le ditiro tsa thobalano tsa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ==
Go ya ka Karolo 252(1) ya Molaomotheo wa Bogosi jwa Eswatini, melao le melawana ya molao o o tlwaelesegileng wa Roman-Dutch e e ntseng e dira mo Eswatini fa e sale ka Tlhakole a le malatsi a masome a mabedi le bobedi ka 1907 (jaaka melao le melawana eo e ne e le teng ka Lwetse a le garataro ka 1968, Letsatsi la Boipuso) e dirisiwa jaaka molao wa Eswatini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Section 252(1), Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland 2005, page 115 |url=http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SZ/CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20KINGDOM%20OF%20SWAZILAND%202005.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Motswedi o mogolo wa molao wa tlwaelo o ka 1907 e ne e le molao wa tlwaelo jaaka o ne o dirisiwa ka nako eo kwa [[Koloning ya Teransefala]], e kwa bofelong e neng ya nna karolo ya [[Aforika Borwa]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=The Law and Legal Research in Swaziland|url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Swaziland1.html#commonlaw}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sodoma, e e tlhalosiwang e le dikamano tsa tlhakanelodikobo tsa bong jo bo tshwanang fa gare ga banna, e ne e le tlolomolao go ya ka molao o o tlwaelesegileng wa 1907, e e neng e ka otlhaiwa ka loso kgotsa ka kotlhao e nnye go ya ka tshwetso ya kgotlatshekelo.

== Metswedi ==
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      <text bytes="4871" sha1="7vwoyhki1sp5ef3m2rzx1d6m0jakum6" xml:space="preserve">'''Basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, banna ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, batho ba ba ratanang le bong ka bobedi, batho ba ba fetotseng bong, le ba ba queer''' ('''LGBTQ''') kwa '''Eswatini''' ba na le ditshwanelo tse di lekanyeditsweng tsa semolao. Go ya ka Rock of Hope, setlhopha sa babueledi ba LGBTQ sa baSwati, &quot;ga go na molao o o amogelang LGBTI kgotsa o o sireletsang tshwanelo ya go nna le tshekamelo e e seng ya bong jo bo farologaneng le boitshupo jwa bong mme ka ntlha ya seo [batho ba LGBTQ] ga ba kgone go bua ka tlhamalalo ka tshekamelo ya bone kgotsa boitshupo jwa bong jwa bone ka ntlha ya go tshaba go ganwa le go tlhaolwa.&quot; Go ratana ka bong ga banna ga go kafa molaong kwa [[Eswatini]], le fa molao ono o sa diragadiwe. Go ya ka ''Pego ya 2021 ya Mekgwa ya Ditshwanelo tsa Setho'' go tswa kwa Lephateng la Merero ya Lefatshe la United States, &quot;ga go ise go ke go nne le go tshwarwa kgotsa go sekisiwa ka ntlha ya boitshwaro jwa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ka tumalano.&quot;

Le fa go se na tiragatso ya semolao kgatlhanong le tiro ya thobalano ya bong jo bo tshwanang, batho ba LGBTQ kwa Eswatini ka metlha ba lebana le go tlhaolwa le go tshwenngwa mo setšhabeng, go akaretsa le tirisodikgoka. Ka jalo, bontsi bo tlhopha go nna ba sa itshupe kgotsa go fudugela kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] e e mabapi .

Le fa go ntse jalo, Eswatini e na le kgotlelelo e e kwa godimo go feta palogare ya batho ba LGBTQ fa e bapisiwa le bontsi jwa mafatshe a mangwe a Aforika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=O'Donnell |first=Belinda |date=3 March 2016 |title=HERE ARE THE MOST AND LEAST TOLERANT COUNTRIES IN AFRICA |url=https://www.undispatch.com/here-are-the-most-and-least-tolerant-countries-in-africa/ |website=UN Dispatch}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mogwanto wa ntlha wa boikgantsho wa Eswatini o ne wa tshwarwa ka Seetebosigo 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 April 2018 |title=LGBT Activists Plan First-Ever Pride March in Swaziland |url=https://lasentinel.net/lgbt-activists-plan-first-ever-pride-march-in-swaziland.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Melao e e malebang le ditiro tsa thobalano tsa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ==
Go ya ka Karolo 252(1) ya Molaomotheo wa Bogosi jwa Eswatini, melao le melawana ya molao o o tlwaelesegileng wa Roman-Dutch e e ntseng e dira mo Eswatini fa e sale ka Tlhakole a le malatsi a masome a mabedi le bobedi ka 1907 (jaaka melao le melawana eo e ne e le teng ka Lwetse a le garataro ka 1968, Letsatsi la Boipuso) e dirisiwa jaaka molao wa Eswatini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Section 252(1), Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland 2005, page 115 |url=http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SZ/CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20KINGDOM%20OF%20SWAZILAND%202005.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Motswedi o mogolo wa molao wa tlwaelo o ka 1907 e ne e le molao wa tlwaelo jaaka o ne o dirisiwa ka nako eo kwa [[Koloning ya Teransefala]], e kwa bofelong e neng ya nna karolo ya [[Aforika Borwa]] .&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=The Law and Legal Research in Swaziland|url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Swaziland1.html#commonlaw}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sodoma, e e tlhalosiwang e le dikamano tsa tlhakanelodikobo tsa bong jo bo tshwanang fa gare ga banna, e ne e le tlolomolao go ya ka molao o o tlwaelesegileng wa 1907, e e neng e ka otlhaiwa ka loso kgotsa ka kotlhao e nnye go ya ka tshwetso ya kgotlatshekelo.

Mo bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo wa masome a mabedi, &quot;sodomy&quot; kwa Aforika Borwa e ne e tlhalositswe ke dikgotlatshekelo tsa yone jaaka &quot;thobalano e e seng ka fa molaong le e e dirwang ka bomo ka marago magareng ga banna ba babedi.&quot; Tlhaloso e e lolea e e ne ya tlogela setlhopha sa masalela sa &quot;ditiro tsa thobalano tse di seng tsa tlholego&quot; tse di thibetsweng tse di bidiwang ka kakaretso &quot;tlolomolao e e seng ya tlholego&quot;, e e neng e akaretsa bonnye ditiro tseo tsa thobalano magareng ga banna tse di neng di sa akaretse go tsena mo maragong&lt;ref name=&quot;Scott&quot; /&gt; mme go lebega di ise di ko di akaretse ditiro tsa thobalano magareng ga basadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Scott&quot; /&gt; Gore a ditiragalo tseno mo Aforikaborwa di nnile le ditlamorago mo molaong wa tlwaelo wa Eswatini ga go tlhomamisege. [[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]] (ILGA) o gatelela gore tlhaloso ya Eswatini ya &quot;sodomy&quot; e tshwana le ya Aforika Borwa le gore ditiro tsa thobalano tsa basadi ba bong jo bo tshwanang di ka fa molaong.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|url=https://ilga.org/downloads/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2012.pdf|title=State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws prohibiting same sex activity between consenting adults|date=May 2012|last1=Itaborahy|first1=Lucas Paoli|first2=Eddie|last2=Bruce-Jones|publisher=ILGA World}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;beast&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Teeman|first1=Tim|title=The LGBT Heroes Fighting to Hold the First Ever Pride in Swaziland|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-lgbt-heroes-fighting-to-hold-the-first-ever-pride-in-swaziland|date=4 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1323050241|LGBTQ rights in Eswatini]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="6524" sha1="9mzt41mnfd419kvc4tewwi6y3hu0pzh" xml:space="preserve">'''Basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, banna ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, batho ba ba ratanang le bong ka bobedi, batho ba ba fetotseng bong, le ba ba queer''' ('''LGBTQ''') kwa '''Eswatini''' ba na le ditshwanelo tse di lekanyeditsweng tsa semolao. Go ya ka Rock of Hope, setlhopha sa babueledi ba LGBTQ sa baSwati, &quot;ga go na molao o o amogelang LGBTI kgotsa o o sireletsang tshwanelo ya go nna le tshekamelo e e seng ya bong jo bo farologaneng le boitshupo jwa bong mme ka ntlha ya seo [batho ba LGBTQ] ga ba kgone go bua ka tlhamalalo ka tshekamelo ya bone kgotsa boitshupo jwa bong jwa bone ka ntlha ya go tshaba go ganwa le go tlhaolwa.&quot; Go ratana ka bong ga banna ga go kafa molaong kwa [[Eswatini]], le fa molao ono o sa diragadiwe. Go ya ka ''Pego ya 2021 ya Mekgwa ya Ditshwanelo tsa Setho'' go tswa kwa Lephateng la Merero ya Lefatshe la United States, &quot;ga go ise go ke go nne le go tshwarwa kgotsa go sekisiwa ka ntlha ya boitshwaro jwa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ka tumalano.&quot;

Le fa go se na tiragatso ya semolao kgatlhanong le tiro ya thobalano ya bong jo bo tshwanang, batho ba LGBTQ kwa Eswatini ka metlha ba lebana le go tlhaolwa le go tshwenngwa mo setšhabeng, go akaretsa le tirisodikgoka. Ka jalo, bontsi bo tlhopha go nna ba sa itshupe kgotsa go fudugela kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] e e mabapi .

Le fa go ntse jalo, Eswatini e na le kgotlelelo e e kwa godimo go feta palogare ya batho ba LGBTQ fa e bapisiwa le bontsi jwa mafatshe a mangwe a Aforika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=O'Donnell |first=Belinda |date=3 March 2016 |title=HERE ARE THE MOST AND LEAST TOLERANT COUNTRIES IN AFRICA |url=https://www.undispatch.com/here-are-the-most-and-least-tolerant-countries-in-africa/ |website=UN Dispatch}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mogwanto wa ntlha wa boikgantsho wa Eswatini o ne wa tshwarwa ka Seetebosigo 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=12 April 2018 |title=LGBT Activists Plan First-Ever Pride March in Swaziland |url=https://lasentinel.net/lgbt-activists-plan-first-ever-pride-march-in-swaziland.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Melao e e malebang le ditiro tsa thobalano tsa batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang ==
Go ya ka Karolo 252(1) ya Molaomotheo wa Bogosi jwa Eswatini, melao le melawana ya molao o o tlwaelesegileng wa Roman-Dutch e e ntseng e dira mo Eswatini fa e sale ka Tlhakole a le malatsi a masome a mabedi le bobedi ka 1907 (jaaka melao le melawana eo e ne e le teng ka Lwetse a le garataro ka 1968, Letsatsi la Boipuso) e dirisiwa jaaka molao wa Eswatini.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Section 252(1), Constitution of the Kingdom of Swaziland 2005, page 115 |url=http://aceproject.org/ero-en/regions/africa/SZ/CONSTITUTION%20OF%20THE%20KINGDOM%20OF%20SWAZILAND%202005.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Motswedi o mogolo wa molao wa tlwaelo o ka 1907 e ne e le molao wa tlwaelo jaaka o ne o dirisiwa ka nako eo kwa [[Koloning ya Teransefala]], e kwa bofelong e neng ya nna karolo ya [[Aforika Borwa]] .&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|title=The Law and Legal Research in Swaziland|url=https://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Swaziland1.html#commonlaw}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sodoma, e e tlhalosiwang e le dikamano tsa tlhakanelodikobo tsa bong jo bo tshwanang fa gare ga banna, e ne e le tlolomolao go ya ka molao o o tlwaelesegileng wa 1907, e e neng e ka otlhaiwa ka loso kgotsa ka kotlhao e nnye go ya ka tshwetso ya kgotlatshekelo.

Mo bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo wa masome a mabedi, &quot;sodomy&quot; kwa Aforika Borwa e ne e tlhalositswe ke dikgotlatshekelo tsa yone jaaka &quot;thobalano e e seng ka fa molaong le e e dirwang ka bomo ka marago magareng ga banna ba babedi.&quot; Tlhaloso e e lolea e e ne ya tlogela setlhopha sa masalela sa &quot;ditiro tsa thobalano tse di seng tsa tlholego&quot; tse di thibetsweng tse di bidiwang ka kakaretso &quot;tlolomolao e e seng ya tlholego&quot;, e e neng e akaretsa bonnye ditiro tseo tsa thobalano magareng ga banna tse di neng di sa akaretse go tsena mo maragong&lt;ref name=&quot;Scott&quot; /&gt; mme go lebega di ise di ko di akaretse ditiro tsa thobalano magareng ga basadi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Scott&quot; /&gt; Gore a ditiragalo tseno mo Aforikaborwa di nnile le ditlamorago mo molaong wa tlwaelo wa Eswatini ga go tlhomamisege. [[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]] (ILGA) o gatelela gore tlhaloso ya Eswatini ya &quot;sodomy&quot; e tshwana le ya Aforika Borwa le gore ditiro tsa thobalano tsa basadi ba bong jo bo tshwanang di ka fa molaong.&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|url=https://ilga.org/downloads/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2012.pdf|title=State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws prohibiting same sex activity between consenting adults|date=May 2012|last1=Itaborahy|first1=Lucas Paoli|first2=Eddie|last2=Bruce-Jones|publisher=ILGA World}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;beast&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Teeman|first1=Tim|title=The LGBT Heroes Fighting to Hold the First Ever Pride in Swaziland|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-lgbt-heroes-fighting-to-hold-the-first-ever-pride-in-swaziland|date=4 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Molao wa Eswatini wa sodomy ga o diragadiwe. Tona ya Molao o boletse gangwe le gape gore melao ya bone ga se go sekisa bagolo ba ba dumelaneng.&lt;ref name=&quot;2021 US State&quot; /&gt; Ga go na go tshwarwa kgotsa go sekisiwa mo go itsiweng ka ntlha ya tiro ya thobalano ya bong jo bo tshwanang ka tumalano.&lt;ref name=&quot;2021 US State&quot; /&gt; Le fa go ntse jalo, ditlhopha tsa LGBTQ di ntse di nyatsa mokgwa ono: &quot;Mo go rona, go utlwala e kete o tshwere tlhobolo o bo o re molao wa gago ga se go thuntsha.&quot; Ba ile ba nganga gore tsela e le nosi fela ya go phimola molao wa lefatshe wa sodomy ke go feta ka dikgotlatshekelo.&lt;ref name=&quot;beast&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last1=Teeman|first1=Tim|title=The LGBT Heroes Fighting to Hold the First Ever Pride in Swaziland|url=https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-lgbt-heroes-fighting-to-hold-the-first-ever-pride-in-swaziland|access-date=18 June 2022|date=4 April 2018|quote=Simelane said{{nbsp}}... '... the anti-sodomy law is not used to prosecute consenting adults,' he said. The police used the law to prosecute those accused of raping underage males.}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFTeeman2018&quot;&gt;Teeman, Tim (4 April 2018). [https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-lgbt-heroes-fighting-to-hold-the-first-ever-pride-in-swaziland &quot;The LGBT Heroes Fighting to Hold the First Ever Pride in Swaziland&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;18 June&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;q&gt;Simelane said&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;... '... the anti-sodomy law is not used to prosecute consenting adults,' he said. The police used the law to prosecute those accused of raping underage males.&lt;/q&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Metswedi ==</text>
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    <title>Modirisi:Doc James/Leper</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1488041|Leprosy]] to:tn #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="12958" sha1="qsh5lbe9eiuer9t0ik2zqgwkhvgkew3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition|name=Leprosy|synonym=Hansen disease (HD)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Worobec |first1=SM |title=Treatment of leprosy/Hansen's disease in the early 21st century. |journal=Dermatologic Therapy |date=2008 |volume=22 |issue=6 |pages=518–37 |doi=10.1111/j.1529-8019.2009.01274.x |pmid=19889136}}&lt;/ref&gt;|image=Tropmed-91-216-g001.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=Rash on the chest and abdomen due to leprosy|pronounce={{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ɛ|p|r|ə|s|i}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/leprosy |title=Definition of leprosy |publisher=The Free Dictionary |access-date=2015-01-25 |archive-date=2015-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150222163011/http://www.thefreedictionary.com/leprosy |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;|specialty=[[Infection|Infectious disease]]|symptoms=Decreased ability to feel pain&lt;ref name=Aka2012 /&gt;|complications=|onset=|duration=|types=|causes=''[[Mycobacterium leprae]]'' or ''[[Mycobacterium lepromatosis]]''&lt;ref name=WHO2014 /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;New2008&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081124141047.htm|title=New Leprosy Bacterium: Scientists Use Genetic Fingerprint To Nail 'Killing Organism'|date=2008-11-28|work=ScienceDaily|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100313064458/https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/11/081124141047.htm|archive-date=2010-03-13|url-status=live|access-date=2010-01-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;|risks=Close contact with a case of leprosy, living in poverty&lt;ref name=Aka2012 /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Schreuder2016&quot;&gt;{{cite journal|title=Epidemiologic trends of leprosy for the 21st century |author1=Schreuder, P.A.M. |author2=Noto, S. |author3=Richardus J.H. |journal=Clinics in Dermatology |volume=34 |issue=1 |date=January 2016 |pages=24–31 |doi=10.1016/j.clindermatol.2015.11.001|pmid=26773620 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|diagnosis=|differential=|prevention=|treatment=Multidrug therapy&lt;ref name=WHO2014 /&gt;|medication=[[Rifampicin]], [[dapsone]], [[clofazimine]]&lt;ref name=Aka2012 /&gt;|prognosis=|frequency=127,558 (2020)&lt;ref name=WHO2022/&gt;|deaths=|named after=[[Gerhard Armauer Hansen]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Aka2012&quot;/&gt;}}'''Lepero''', le le itsegeng gape jaaka '''bolwetse jwa Hansen''' ( '''HD''' ), ke tshwaetsego ya paka e telele ya baketeria ya ''Mycobacterium leprae'' kgotsa ''Mycobacterium lepromatosis''.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sotiriou|first=MC|last2=Stryjewska|first2=BM|last3=Hill|first3=C|date=7 September 2016|title=Two Cases of Leprosy in Siblings Caused by Mycobacterium lepromatosis and Review of the Literature.|journal=The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene|volume=95|issue=3|pages=522–7|doi=10.4269/ajtmh.16-0076|pmc=5014252|pmid=27402522}}&lt;/ref&gt; Tshwaetsego e ka baka tshenyo ya ditshika, tsela ya go hema, letlalo le matlho.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt; Tshenyo eno ya ditshika e ka felela ka gore motho a se ka a kgona go utlwa botlhoko, mme seno se ka dira gore motho a latlhegelwe ke dikarolo tsa dintlha tsa gagwe ka ntlha ya go gobala gangwe le gape kgotsa go tshwaetsega ka ntlha ya dintho tse di sa lemogiweng.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aka2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Suzuki K, Akama T, Kawashima A, Yoshihara A, Yotsu RR, Ishii N|title=Current status of leprosy: epidemiology, basic science and clinical perspectives.|journal=The Journal of Dermatology|volume=39|issue=2|pages=121–9|date=February 2012|pmid=21973237|doi=10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01370.x}}&lt;/ref&gt; Motho yo o tshwaeditsweng gape a ka nna a nna le bokoa jwa mesifa le go sa bone sentle.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aka2012&quot; /&gt; Matshwao a lepero a ka nna a simolola mo lobakeng lwa ngwaga o le mongwe, mme mo bathong bangwe matshwao a ka tsaya dingwaga di le 20 kgotsa go feta gore a tlhagelele.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Leprosy Fact sheet N°101|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs101/en/|website=World Health Organization|date=January 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212084309/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs101/en/|archive-date=2013-12-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lepero le anama fa gare ga batho, le fa go tlhokega gore batho ba kopane thata.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aka2012&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2013T&quot; /&gt; Mo e ka nnang 95% ya batho ba ba tsenwang ke ''M. leprae'' ga ba nne le bolwetse jono.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2018Tx&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Guidelines for the Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Leprosy|url=https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/274127/9789290226383-eng.pdf?ua=1|website=WHO|access-date=24 May 2024|archive-date=25 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525123105/https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/274127/9789290226383-eng.pdf?ua=1|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go akanngwa gore go anama go diragala ka go gotlhola kgotsa go amana le seeledi se se tswang mo nkong ya motho yo o tshwaeditsweng ke lepero.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2013T&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hansen's Disease (Leprosy) Transmission|url=https://www.cdc.gov/leprosy/transmission/|website=cdc.gov|access-date=28 February 2015|date=April 29, 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150313120028/http://www.cdc.gov/leprosy/transmission/|archive-date=13 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2018Tx&quot; /&gt; Mabaka a dijini le tiro ya masole a mmele a na le seabe mo go reng motho o tshwarwa ke bolwetse jono bonolo go le kana kang.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2018Tx&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Montoya|first=D|last2=Modlin|first2=RL|title=Learning from leprosy: insight into the human innate immune response.|journal=Advances in Immunology|date=2010|volume=105|pages=1–24|doi=10.1016/S0065-2776(10)05001-7|pmid=20510728|isbn=9780123813022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lepero ga le aname ka nako ya boimana go ya kwa baneng ba ba iseng ba tsholwe, kgotsa ka go tlhakanela dikobo.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2013T&quot; /&gt; Lepero le tlhagelela thata mo bathong ba ba tshelang mo lehumeng.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aka2012&quot; /&gt; Mefuta e mebedi e megolo ya malwetse – paucibacillary le multibacillary – e farologana ka palo ya dibakateria tse di leng teng.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aka2012&quot; /&gt; Motho yo o nang le bolwetse jwa paucibacillary o na le mabala a letlalo a a sa tlholeng a na le mmala o o bokoa fa motho yo o nang le bolwetse jwa multibacillary a na le mabala a letlalo a a fetang matlhano.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aka2012&quot; /&gt; Temogo e netefadiwa ka go bona di-bacilli tse di bofefo go tlhotlhora asiti mo biopsy ya letlalo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aka2012&quot; /&gt;

Lepero le alafega ka kalafi ya melemo e mentsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt; Kalafi ya lepero le le nang le dibaka tse dinnye ke ka melemo ya dapsone, rifampicin, le clofazimine dikgwedi di le thataro.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2018Tx&quot; /&gt; Kalafi ya lepero la multibacillary e dirisa melemo e e tshwanang dikgwedi di le 12.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2018Tx&quot; /&gt; Dibolayamegare tse dingwe di le mmalwa le tsone di ka dirisiwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aka2012&quot; /&gt; Dikalafi tse di tlamelwa mahala ke [[World Health Organisation|Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe wa Boitekanelo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt; Batho ba ba tshwerweng ke lepero ba kgona go nna le malapa a bone mme ba tsena sekolo le go dira.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/features/world-leprosy-day/index.html|title=World Leprosy Day|last=CDC|date=2018-01-26|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|access-date=2019-07-04|archive-date=2019-06-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615103205/https://www.cdc.gov/features/world-leprosy-day/index.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lefatshe ka bophara, dinaga di le 16 di na le dikgetse tse di fetang 95%, mme 80% ya palogotlhe e diragala kwa India, Brazil le Indonesia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Andrew2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=James|first=William D.|last2=Elston|first2=Dirk|last3=Treat|first3=James R.|last4=Rosenbach|first4=Misha A.|last5=Neuhaus|first5=Isaac|title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-323-54753-6|pages=336-346|edition=13th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UEaEDwAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;pg=PA336&amp;dq=Hansen+disease&amp;hl=en|language=en|chapter=17. Hansen disease|access-date=2022-10-01|archive-date=2022-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001141128/https://books.google.com/books?id=UEaEDwAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;pg=PA336&amp;dq=Hansen+disease&amp;hl=en|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka 2018, go ne go na le dikgetse tsa lepero di le 209,000 lefatshe ka bophara, go tswa go dimilione di le 5.2 ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2020Epi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Leprosy|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leprosy|website=www.who.int|access-date=10 February 2020|language=en|archive-date=31 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131105038/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leprosy|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHOEpi2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Global leprosy situation, 2012|journal=Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec.|volume=87|issue=34|pages=317–28|date=August 2012|pmid=22919737|doi=|url=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rod2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Rodrigues LC|last2=Lockwood DNj|title=Leprosy now: epidemiology, progress, challenges, and research gaps.|journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases|volume=11|issue=6|pages=464–70|date=June 2011|pmid=21616456|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(11)70006-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mo dingwageng di le 20 go tloga ka 1994 go fitlha ka 2014, batho ba le dimilione di le 16 mo lefatsheng lotlhe ba ne ba alafiwa lepero.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt; Go lemogilwe dikgetse tse diša di le 127 558 lefatshe ka bophara ka 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Leprosy|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leprosy|website=www.who.int|access-date=1 October 2022|language=en|archive-date=31 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131105038/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/leprosy|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go begwa dikgetsi di ka nna 200 ka ngwaga kwa United States.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hansen's Disease Data &amp; Statistics|url=http://www.hrsa.gov/hansensdisease/dataandstatistics.html|website=Health Resources and Services Administration|access-date=12 January 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150104183206/http://www.hrsa.gov/hansensdisease/dataandstatistics.html|archive-date=4 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwa USA, 90% ya dikgetse di rekwa go tswa kwa ntle, fela kwa Hawaii le kwa mabopong a borwabotlhaba e ka bonwa mo lefelong la gaeno.&lt;ref name=&quot;Andrew2020&quot; /&gt;

Bolwetse jwa lepero bo amile batho ka diketekete tsa dingwaga.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aka2012&quot; /&gt; Bolwetse jono bo tsere leina la jone go tswa mo lefokong la Segerika [[Template:Lang-grc|la Thempoleite:Lang-grc]] ( ''léprā'' ), go tswa mo [[Template:Lang-grc|Thempoleite:Lang-grc]] ( ''lepís'' ; &quot;sekale&quot;), fa lereo &quot;bolwetse jwa ga Hansen&quot; le reeletswe ka ngaka ya Mo-Norway e bong Gerhard Armauer Hansen.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aka2012&quot; /&gt; Bolwetse jwa lepero bo ntse bo amanngwa le go tlhoka maitseo mo setšhabeng, jo bo tswelelang go nna sekgoreletsi mo go ipegeleng le mo go alafeng go sa le gale.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt; Go kgaoya batho ba ba amilweng ke lepero ka go ba baya mo dikoloning tsa balepero go sa ntse go diragala mo mafelong mangwe a India,  China,  Afrika.&lt;ref name=&quot;Byr2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Byrne|first=Joseph P.|title=Encyclopedia of pestilence, pandemics, and plagues|year=2008|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, Conn.[u.a.]|isbn=978-0-313-34102-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpe00jose_0/page/351 351]|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpe00jose_0|url-access=registration}}&lt;/ref&gt; le Thailand.  Bontsi jwa dikolonni tswetswe, ka lepero le sa tshelanwe thata.&lt;ref name=&quot;Byr2008&quot; /&gt; Bangwe ba tsaya lefoko &quot;lepero&quot; le kgopisa, ba rata polelo &quot;motho yo o amilweng ke lepero&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=editors|first=Enrico Nunzi, Cesare Massone|title=Leprosy a practical guide|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=Milan|isbn=978-88-470-2376-5|page=326|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQ2k0xgIph4C&amp;pg=PA326|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908221750/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZQ2k0xgIph4C&amp;pg=PA326|archive-date=2017-09-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lepero le tlhaolwa jaaka bolwetse jwa boboatsatsi jo bo sa tlhokomelweng.&lt;ref name=&quot;NTD2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html|title=Neglected Tropical Diseases|date=June 6, 2011|website=cdc.gov|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141204084219/http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/ntd/diseases/index.html|archive-date=4 December 2014|access-date=28 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Letsatsi la Lefatshe la Lepero le simolotswe ka 1954 go tsibosa batho ba ba amilweng ke lepero.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=McMenamin|first=Dorothy|title=Leprosy and stigma in the South Pacific: a region-by-region history with first person accounts|year=2011|publisher=McFarland|location=Jefferson, N.C.|isbn=978-0-7864-6323-7|page=17|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lZPvQTJ8SE0C&amp;pg=PA17|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160519061228/https://books.google.com/books?id=lZPvQTJ8SE0C&amp;pg=PA17|archive-date=2016-05-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditshupiso ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1492138|Pneumonia]] to:tn #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="8204" sha1="i4ijr9rrtcf5qnw7bq8mroaqg853euv" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition|name=Pneumonia|synonym=Pneumonitis|image=Chest radiograph in influensa and H influenzae, posteroanterior, annotated.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=[[Chest radiograph|Chest X-ray]] of a pneumonia caused by [[influenza]] and ''[[Haemophilus influenzae]]'', with patchy consolidations, mainly in the right upper lobe (arrow)|pronounce={{IPAc-en|nj|uː|ˈ|m|əʊ|n|i|ə}} {{respell|new|MOHN|ee-ə}}|specialty=[[Pulmonology]], [[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|infectious disease]]|symptoms=Cough, difficulty breathing, [[rapid breathing]], fever&lt;ref name=Ash2007/&gt;|complications=|onset=|duration=Few weeks&lt;ref name=Behera2010&gt;{{cite book|last=Behera|first=D.|title=Textbook of pulmonary medicine|year=2010|publisher=Jaypee Brothers Medical Pub.|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-8448-749-7|pages=296–97|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0TbJjd9eTp0C&amp;pg=PA296|edition=2nd|access-date=27 July 2020|archive-date=14 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914155329/https://books.google.com/books?id=0TbJjd9eTp0C&amp;pg=PA296|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|types=|causes=Bacteria, virus, [[aspiration pneumonia|aspiration]]&lt;ref name=RespText09/&gt;&lt;ref name=Jeff2010/&gt;|risks=[[Cystic fibrosis]], [[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|COPD]], [[sickle cell disease]], [[asthma]], [[diabetes mellitus|diabetes]], [[heart failure]], history of [[smoking]], older age&lt;ref name=NIH2011Risk/&gt;&lt;ref name=-BMJ2012&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Caldeira | first1=D. | last2=Alarcao | first2=J. | last3=Vaz-Carneiro | first3=A. | last4=Costa | first4=J. | title=Risk of pneumonia associated with use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: systematic review and meta-analysis | journal=The BMJ | publisher=BMJ | volume=345 | issue=jul11 1 | date=2012-07-11 | issn=1756-1833 | pmid=22786934 | pmc=3394697 | doi=10.1136/bmj.e4260 | pages=e4260 | quote=Susceptibility is higher among elderly people (≥65 years)}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=CDC2020SCD/&gt;|diagnosis=Based on symptoms, [[chest X-ray]]&lt;ref name=NIH2011Diag/&gt;|differential=[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|COPD]], [[asthma]], [[pulmonary edema]], [[pulmonary embolism]]&lt;ref name=BMJ06&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Hoare Z, Lim WS | title = Pneumonia: update on diagnosis and management | journal = BMJ | volume = 332 | issue = 7549 | pages = 1077–79 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16675815 | pmc = 1458569 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.332.7549.1077 | url = http://www.bmj.com/content/332/7549/1077.full.pdf | access-date = 27 July 2020 | archive-date = 9 April 2020 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200409062318/https://www.bmj.com/content/332/7549/1077 | url-status = live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409062318/https://www.bmj.com/content/332/7549/1077 |date=9 April 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|prevention=[[Vaccine]]s, [[handwashing]], not smoking&lt;ref name=NIH2011Pre/&gt;|treatment=|medication=[[Antibiotic]]s, [[antiviral]]s, [[oxygen therapy]]&lt;ref name=NIH2011Tx/&gt;&lt;ref name=Lancet11/&gt;|prognosis=|frequency=450 million (7%) per year&lt;ref name=Lancet11/&gt;&lt;ref name=CochraneTx13/&gt;|deaths=Four million per year&lt;ref name=Lancet11/&gt;&lt;ref name=CochraneTx13/&gt;|named after=}}'''Pneumonia''' ke seemo sa go ruruga ga makgwafo se se amang thata ditshika tse dinnye tsa mowa tse di itsegeng jaaka di-alveoli.&lt;ref name=&quot;RespText09&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|editor-last=McLuckie|editor-first=A.|title=Respiratory disease and its management|year=2009|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-1-84882-094-4|page=51}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AcuteCare09&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Leach, Richard E.|title=Acute and Critical Care Medicine at a Glance|edition=2nd|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|year=2009|isbn=978-1-4051-6139-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7u_wu5VCsVQC&amp;pg=PT168|df=dmy-all|access-date=27 July 2020|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420180054/https://books.google.com/books?id=7u_wu5VCsVQC&amp;pg=PT168|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dikai tsa teng gantsi di akaretsa go gotlhola mo go na le sehuba se se phaphaletseng, go opiwa ke tlhogo, letshololo, le bothata jwa go hema.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ash2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ashby|first=Bonnie|last2=Turkington|first2=Carol|title=The encyclopedia of infectious diseases|edition=3rd|publisher=Facts on File|location=New York|year=2007|page=242|isbn=978-0-8160-6397-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Xlyaipv3dIC&amp;pg=PA242|access-date=2011-04-21|df=dmy-all|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420180124/https://books.google.com/books?id=4Xlyaipv3dIC&amp;pg=PA242|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bokete jwa seemo sa bolwetsi bo a farologana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ash2007&quot; /&gt;

Pneumonia gantsi e bakiwa ke megare  le ditshedinyana tse dingwe tse di sa tlwaelesegang , le melemo e mengwe kgotsa mabaka a tshwanang le bolwetsi jo bo bakiwang ke masole a mmele a koafatsang mmele.&lt;ref name=&quot;RespText09&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jeff2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Jeffrey C. Pommerville|title=Alcamo's Fundamentals of Microbiology|edition=9th|publisher=Jones &amp; Bartlett|location=Sudbury, MA|year=2010|page=323|quote=|isbn=978-0-7637-6258-2|oclc=|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RJNQwQB8IxIC&amp;pg=PA323|access-date=|archive-date=20 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420180101/https://books.google.com/books?id=RJNQwQB8IxIC&amp;pg=PA323|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dilo tse di kotsi di akaretsa malwetse a tshwana Cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sickle cell disease, phupelo, bolwetse jwa sukiri, malwetse a polo, ga o kile wa goga motsoko,go sa gotlhola sentle le masole a mmele a bokoa Tlhatlhobo gantsi e ikaegile ka dikai,   ditlhatlhobo tsa madi, le go godisa maranyane a sputum di ka thusa go tlhomamisa tlhatlhobo. Bolwetse jo bo ka kgaoganngwa go ya ka gore bo bonwe kae, jaaka nyumonia e e bonweng mo setšhaba kgotsa kwa kokelong e e amanang le tlhokomelo ya botsogo.

Mekento ya go thibela mefuta mengwe ya nyumonia e teng.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Pre&quot; /&gt; Mekgwa e mengwe ya thibelo e akaretsa go tlhapa diatla le go sa gogeng. Kalafi e ikaegile ka se se bakang bolwetsi. Pneumonia e go dumelwang gore e bakiwa ke megare e e alafiwang ka Dibolayamegare. Fa nyumonia e le masisi, motho yo o amegileng o  o robadiwa kwa kokelong&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011&quot; /&gt; Kalafi ya go thusa go hema ka pefo ya Oxygen e ka dirisiwa fa selekanyo se le kwa tlase.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Tx&quot; /&gt;

Ngwaga le ngwaga, nyumonia e ama batho ba ka nna dimilione di le makgolo a mane le masome a matlhano lefatshe ka bophara (7% ya baagi) mme e felela ka dintsho di ka nna dimilione dile nne.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet11&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Ruuskanen O, Lahti E, Jennings LC, Murdoch DR|title=Viral pneumonia|journal=Lancet|volume=377|issue=9773|pages=1264–75|date=April 2011|pmid=21435708|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61459-6|pmc=7138033}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CochraneTx13&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lodha R, Kabra SK, Pandey RM|title=Antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia in children|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=6|issue=6|page=CD004874|date=June 2013|pmid=23733365|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004874.pub4|pmc=7017636}}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;nbsp;Ka go simolodisawa ga dibolayamegare le mekento mo lekgolong la bo masome a mabedi la dingwaga, go tshela go tokafetse thata.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet11&quot; /&gt; Le fa go ntse jalo, mo mafatsheng a mangwe a tlhabologang, le mo bathong ba ba godileng thata, ba bannye thata le ba ba lwalang ka lobaka lo loleele, nyumonia e sa ntse e le selo se segolo se se bakang loso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet11&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=George|first=Ronald B.|title=Chest medicine : essentials of pulmonary and critical care medicine|year=2005|publisher=Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-7817-5273-2|page=353|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzlX2zJMbdgC&amp;pg=PA353|edition=5th|access-date=27 July 2020|archive-date=2 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502042842/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzlX2zJMbdgC&amp;pg=PA353|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pneumonia gantsi e khutshwafatsa nako ya go boga mo go ba ba setseng ba le gaufi le go tlhokafala mme ka jalo e bidiwa &quot;tsala ya monnamogolo&quot;.

== Ditshupiso ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Thosola/Rasephiphi</title>
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      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1457109|Syphilis]] to:tn #mdwikicx</comment>
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      <text bytes="11566" sha1="tmmvu844my7vt1oivvuqzuinag1l2qt" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition|name=Syphilis|synonym=|image=Treponema pallidum.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=[[Electron micrograph]] of ''Treponema pallidum''|pronounce=|specialty=[[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]]|symptoms=Firm, painless, non-itchy [[skin ulcer]]&lt;ref name=Goldman2020/&gt;|complications=|onset=|duration=|types=|causes=''[[Treponema pallidum]]'' usually spread by sex&lt;ref name=Ferri2022/&gt;|risks=|diagnosis=[[serological testing|Blood tests]], [[dark field microscopy]] of infected fluid&lt;ref name=CDC2015Fact/&gt;&lt;ref name=Kent08/&gt;|differential=Many other diseases&lt;ref name=CDC2015Fact/&gt;|prevention=[[Condom]]s, [[Sexual abstinence|not having sex]]&lt;ref name=CDC2015Fact/&gt;|treatment=[[Antibiotic]]s&lt;ref name=CDC2015Tx/&gt;|medication=|prognosis=|frequency=45.4 million / 0.6% (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Pre/&gt;&lt;!-- incidence table --&gt;|deaths=107,000 (2015)&lt;ref name=GBD2015Death/&gt;|named after=}}Rasephiphi ke bolwetse jo bo tshelanwang ka tlhakanelodikobo jo bo bakwang ke mogare yo bitswang  ''[./Treponema_&amp;#x3C;i&amp;#x20;id= pallidum]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Goldman2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ghanem|first=Khalil G.|last2=Hook|first2=Edward W.|editor-last=Goldman|editor-first=Lee|editor-last2=Schafer|editor-first2=Andrew I.|title=[[Goldman-Cecil Medicine]]|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-323-55087-1|pages=1983–1989|edition=26th|volume=2|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1983|language=en|chapter=303. Syphilis|access-date=8 May 2023|archive-date=30 June 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630075942/https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1983|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go kgonagala gore dikai di itshupe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO21May2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Syphilis|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/syphilis|website=www.who.int|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=16 August 2024|language=en|date=21 May 2024|archive-date=17 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240817212041/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/syphilis|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lefa go ntse jalo, di farologana go ya ka gore ke kgato efe mo go tse nne e e leng teng (ya ntlha, ya bobedi, jo bo iphitlhileng, le ya boraro).&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferri2022&quot; /&gt; Kgato ya ntlha gantsi e itshupa ka sesonyana, se le sengwe (bolwetse jo bo thata, jo bo sa utlwaleng, jo bo se nang ditlhabi jwa letlalo gantsi bo fa gare ga 1 cm le 2 cm ka bophara) le fa go ka nna le dintho di le dintsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2015Fact&quot; /&gt; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Mo thosola ya bobedi, go nna le go ruruga go go sa bonaleng sentle, mo gantsi go akaretsang diatla le direthe tsa maoto.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2015Fact&quot; /&gt; Gape go ka nna ga nna le dintho mo molomong kgotsa mo bosading&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2015Fact&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Syphilis – CDC Fact Sheet (Detailed)|url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/stdfact-syphilis-detailed.htm|website=CDC|access-date=3 February 2016|date=November 2, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206003059/http://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/stdfact-syphilis-detailed.htm|archive-date=6 February 2016|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mo thosola e e sa bonaleng, e e ka tsayang dingwaga, go na le dikai di le mmalwa kgotsa ga go na dikai&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2015Fact&quot; /&gt; Mo thosola ya boraro go na le borurugo (go gola go go bonolo, go go seng kankere), mathata a boboko, kgotsa dikai tsa bolwetse jwa pelo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kent08&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kent ME, Romanelli F|title=Reexamining syphilis: an update on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management|journal=Annals of Pharmacotherapy|volume=42|issue=2|pages=226–36|date=February 2008|pmid=18212261|doi=10.1345/aph.1K086|url=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rasephiphi e itsege jaaka &quot;mo etsa yo mogolo&quot; ka gonne e ka baka dikai tse di tshwanang le tsa malwetsi a mangwe a mantsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ferri2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ferri|first=Fred F.|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2022|date=2022|publisher=Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-323-75571-9|pages=1452=1454|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VW4yEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1452|language=en|chapter=Syphilis|access-date=7 May 2023|archive-date=1 July 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701145038/https://books.google.com/books?id=VW4yEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1452|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2015Fact&quot; /&gt;

Rasephiphi e anamisiwa thata ka tlhakanelodikobo.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2015Fact&quot; /&gt; Gape e ka fetisetswa go tswa go mmè go ya kwa ngwaneng ka nako ya boimana kgotsa fa ngwana a  tsholwa, e e felelang ka thosola ya tsalo.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2015Fact&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wood09&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Woods CR|title=Congenital syphilis-persisting pestilence|journal=Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.|volume=28|issue=6|pages=536–7|date=June 2009|pmid=19483520|doi=10.1097/INF.0b013e3181ac8a69|url=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Malwetsi a mangwe a a bakwang ke mogare wa ''Treponema'' a akaretsa di-yaws (subspecies pertenue), Pinta (subspecie ''carateum''), le nonvenereal endemic syphilis (subspeèce endemicum).&lt;ref name=&quot;Kent08&quot; /&gt; Malwetsi a mararo ano ga a tshelanwe ka tlhakanelodikobo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pinta|url=https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/pinta/|website=NORD|access-date=13 April 2018|archive-date=16 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816031132/https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/pinta/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Go tlhatlhoba gantsi go dirwa ka go dirisa Ditlhatlhobo tsa madi; megare e ka bonwa  gape ka go dirisa maranyane a maekorosekopo a a lefifi.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2015Fact&quot; /&gt; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) e rotloetsa basadi botlhe ba ba itshofetseng gore ba tlhatlhobiwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2015Fact&quot; /&gt;

Bodiphatsa jwa go fetisa  thosola ka tlhakanelodikobo bo ka fokodiwa ka go dirisa sekausu.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2015Fact&quot; /&gt; Bolwetsi jwa Rasephiphi bo ka alafiwa sentle ka Dibolayamegare.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2015Tx&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Syphilis|url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/syphilis.htm|website=CDC|access-date=3 February 2016|date=June 4, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160221200405/http://www.cdc.gov/std/tg2015/syphilis.htm|archive-date=21 February 2016|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sebolayamegare se se dirisiwang thata nako e ntsi ke benzathine benzylpenicillin e e tsenngwang ka lemao mo mmeleng.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2015Tx&quot; /&gt; Mo go ba ba nang le go ganana thata le penicillin, go ka dirisiwa doxycycline kgotsa tetracycline.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2015Tx&quot; /&gt; Mo go ba ba nang le Neurosymphilis, go akantshiwa benzylpenicillin kgotsa Ceftriaxone e a rotloediwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2015Tx&quot; /&gt; Ka nako ya kalafi batho ba ka nna ba nna le mhikela, go opiwa ke tlhogo, le ditlhabi tsa mmele, e leng mokgwa o o itsegeng jaaka Jarisch-Herxheimer.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2015Tx&quot; /&gt;

Ka ngwaga wa 2022 go ne go na le batho ba le dimilione di roba bobedi ba ba tshwerweng ke bolwetsi jwa thosola mo bagolong ba dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano go ya go tse masome a mane le boroba bongwe lefatshe ka bophara.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO21May2024&quot; /&gt; Mo dingwageng di le masome a mabedi tse di fetileng go nnile le koketsego e kgolo mo lefatsheng lotlhe ya batho ba ba tshwerweng ke bolwetse jo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghanem2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Ghanem KG, Ram S, Rice PA|title=The Modern Epidemic of Syphilis|journal=N. Engl. J. Med.|volume=382|issue=9|pages=845–54|date=February 2020|pmid=32101666|doi=10.1056/NEJMra1901593}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ngwaga wa 2015, batho ba ka nna dimilione di le 45,4 ba ne ba tsenwa ke bolwetsi jwa thosola,&lt;ref name=&quot;GBD2015Pre&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence|first=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|pmid=27733282|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|pmc=5055577}}&lt;/ref&gt; mme ba le dimilione di le thataro ba ne ba na le bolwetse jo.&lt;ref name=&quot;New2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Newman|first=L|last2=Rowley|first2=J|last3=Vander Hoorn|first3=S|last4=Wijesooriya|first4=NS|last5=Unemo|first5=M|last6=Low|first6=N|last7=Stevens|first7=G|last8=Gottlieb|first8=S|last9=Kiarie|first9=J|last10=Temmerman|first10=M|title=Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting.|journal=PLOS One|date=2015|volume=10|issue=12|pages=e0143304|pmid=26646541|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0143304|pmc=4672879|bibcode=2015PLoSO..1043304N}}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;nbsp;Ka ngwaga wa 2015, e bakile dintsho di ka nna 107,000, go tswa go 202,000 ka 1990.&lt;ref name=&quot;GBD2015Death&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death|first=Collaborators.|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|pmid=27733281|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmc=5388903}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Loz2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Lozano|first=R|title=Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.|journal=Lancet|date=15 December 2012|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2095–128|pmid=23245604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0|hdl=10536/DRO/DU:30050819|url=https://zenodo.org/record/2557786|access-date=14 July 2020|archive-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519152712/https://zenodo.org/record/2557786|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Morago ga go fokotsega thata ka go nna teng ga mokento wa penicillin ka dingwaga tsa bo 1940, dipalo tsa go amiwa ke bolwetsi di oketsegile go tloga ka tshimologo ya mileniamo mo mafatsheng a mantsi, gantsi di kopane le megare ya human immunodeficiency (HIV).&lt;ref name=&quot;Kent08&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Music08&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Franzen|first=C|title=Syphilis in composers and musicians--Mozart, Beethoven, Paganini, Schubert, Schumann, Smetana|journal=[[European Journal of Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases]]|date=December 2008|volume=27|issue=12|pages=1151–7|pmid=18592279|doi=10.1007/s10096-008-0571-x}}&lt;/ref&gt; Seno go dumelwa gore ke ka ntlha ya go oketsega ga tlhakanelodikobo, boaka, go fokotsega ga tiriso ya sekausu, le mekgwa e e sa babalesegeng ya tlhakanelodikobo gareng ga banna ba ba tlhakanelang dikobo le banna.&lt;ref name=&quot;Coffin2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Coffin|first=L. S.|last2=Newberry|first2=A.|last3=Hagan|first3=H.|last4=Cleland|first4=C. M.|last5=Des Jarlais|first5=D. C.|last6=Perlman|first6=D. C.|title=Syphilis in Drug Users in Low and Middle Income Countries|journal=The International Journal on Drug Policy|date=January 2010|volume=21|issue=1|pages=20–7|pmid=19361976|doi=10.1016/j.drugpo.2009.02.008|pmc=2790553}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gao2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Gao|first=L|last2=Zhang, L|last3=Jin, Q|title=Meta-analysis: prevalence of HIV infection and syphilis among MSM in China|journal=Sexually Transmitted Infections|date=September 2009|volume=85|issue=5|pages=354–8|pmid=19351623|doi=10.1136/sti.2008.034702}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Karp2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Karp|first=G|last2=Schlaeffer, F|last3=Jotkowitz, A|last4=Riesenberg, K|title=Syphilis and HIV co-infection|journal=European Journal of Internal Medicine|date=January 2009|volume=20|issue=1|pages=9–13|pmid=19237085|doi=10.1016/j.ejim.2008.04.002}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ditshupiso ==
&lt;references /&gt;
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