Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.3 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2926 50100 31437 2026-05-26T05:46:29Z ҆ 12806 logo 50100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website | name = Gmail | logo = Gmail icon (2026).svg | logo_size = 120 | screenshot = | screenshot_size = 300 | caption = A screenshot of a Gmail inbox and compose box | collapsetext = Screenshot | url = {{Official URL}} | commercial = Yes | type = [[Webmail]] | registration = Required | language = 105 languages | num_users = 1.5 billion (October 2019)<ref name="Petrova">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/26/gmail-dominates-consumer-email-with-1point5-billion-users.html|title=Gmail dominates consumer email with 1.5 billion users|last=Petrova|date=October 26, 2019|website=CNBC.com|access-date=November 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117070039/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/26/gmail-dominates-consumer-email-with-1point5-billion-users.html|archive-date=November 17, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> | content_license = [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]] | programming_language = [[Java (programming language)|Java]], [[C++]] (back-end), [[JavaScript]] (UI)<ref>{{cite web |first=MG |last=Siegler |title=The Key To Gmail: Sh*t Umbrellas |url=https://techcrunch.com/2010/03/14/key-to-gmail/ |website=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=March 14, 2010 |access-date=October 27, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022023828/https://techcrunch.com/2010/03/14/key-to-gmail/ |archive-date=October 22, 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> | owner = [[Google]] | author = [[Paul Buchheit]] | launch_date = {{Start date and age|2004|4|1}} | current_status = Active }} '''Gmail''' ke maranyane a mahala a melaetsa a tisiwang ke [[Google]]. Ka 2019, e ne e nale badirisi ba le 1.5 billion lefatshe ka bophara. == Metswedi == {{Reflist}} {{Stub}} rwd8yd9trgqwieqmfb6r5yigzwxhwlb 0 6511 50102 30704 2026-05-26T11:57:09Z ~2026-31395-44 12808 50102 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Wikipedia and Encyclopædia Britannica.jpg|thumb]] '''Ensaetlopedia''' ke tiro ya Bosupi kana tshoboko ya dikitso ka kakaretso. DiEnsaetlopedia di kgaogantswe ka ditemana tse di beilweng go latelana ka di alfabete. DiEnsaetlopedia ga di sa thola di nale melaetsa e mentsi jaaka tse di mo didictionaring. gpe81qr6fzib75o8c84kj7bpdqjbb89 0 13287 50101 2026-05-26T08:05:55Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1480848|Tuberculosis]] to:tn #mdwikicx 50101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Tuberculosis|synonym=Koch's disease,<ref>{{cite web |title=Tuberculosis (Concept Id: C0041296) - MedGen - NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/22513#:~:text=clinical%20entity,without%20genetic%20inheritance. |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |access-date=3 February 2025 |language=en |archive-date=16 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116163006/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/22513#:~:text=clinical%20entity,without%20genetic%20inheritance. |url-status=live }}</ref> phthisis, phthisis pulmonalis, consumption|image=Tuberculosis-x-ray-1.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=[[Chest radiograph|Chest X-ray]] of a person with advanced tuberculosis: Infection in both lungs is marked by white arrow-heads, and the formation of a cavity is marked by black arrows.|pronounce=|specialty=[[Infectious disease (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]], [[pulmonology]]|symptoms=[[Chronic cough]], [[fever]], [[hemoptysis|cough with bloody mucus]], weight loss<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|complications=|onset=|duration=|types=|causes=''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]''<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|risks=Smoking, [[HIV/AIDS]]<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|diagnosis=[[Chest X-ray|CXR]], [[microbial culture|culture]], [[tuberculin skin test]]<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|differential=[[Pneumonia]], [[histoplasmosis]], [[sarcoidosis]], [[coccidioidomycosis]]<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ferri|first1=Fred F. |title=Ferri's differential diagnosis : a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders|date=2010|publisher=Elsevier/Mosby|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0-323-07699-9|page=Chapter T|edition=2nd}}</ref>|prevention=Screening those at high risk, treatment of those infected, [[vaccination]] with [[bacillus Calmette-Guérin]] (BCG)<ref name=Haw2014/><ref name=TBCon2008/><ref name=Harr2013/>|treatment=[[Antibiotic]]s<ref name=WHO2015Fact/>|medication=|prognosis=|frequency=25% of people (latent TB)<ref name=WHO2018Fact/>|deaths=1.5&nbsp;million (2018)<ref name=Report2019>{{cite web |title=Global Tuberculosis Report |url=https://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/tb19_Exec_Sum_12Nov2019.pdf?ua=1 |website=WHO |publisher=WHO |access-date=24 March 2020 |date=2019 |archive-date=17 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217003608/https://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/tb19_Exec_Sum_12Nov2019.pdf?ua=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>|named after=}} '''Bolwetse jwa mafatlha''' ( '''TB''' ) ke bolwetse jo bo tshelanwang jo gantsi bo bakiwang ke mogare wa''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' ( MTB ).<ref name="WHO2015Fact">{{Cite web|title=Tuberculosis (TB)|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis|website=www.who.int|language=en|access-date=2020-05-08|archive-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730165218/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis|url-status=live}}</ref> Bolwetse jwa mafatlha ka kakaretso bo ama mafatlha, mme bo ka ama gape le dikarolo tse dingwe tsa mmele.<ref name="WHO2015Fact" /> Bontsi jwa Meg are ga e ga e bontshe dikai dipe,mme mo lebakeng leo e itsege jaaka bolwetse jwa mafatlha jo bo fitlhegileng.<ref name="WHO2015Fact" /> Palo e ka tshwarang 10% ya megare tse di fitlhegileng di tswelela go nna bolwetse jo bo matlhagatlhaga jo, fa bo tlogelwa bo sa alafiwe, bo bolayang mo e ka nnang Sephatlo sa ba ba amegang.<ref name="WHO2015Fact" /> Dikai tsa tlwaelo tsa TB tse di matlhagatlhaga ke go gotlhola mo go sa foleng mo go nang le mamina a a nang le madi, letshoroma, go fufula bosigo, le go fokotsega ga boima jwa mmele.<ref name="WHO2015Fact" /> E ne e bidiwa " '''tiriso''' " mo dusting ka ntlha ya go fokotsa boima jwa mmele.<ref name="Cha1998">{{Cite book|title=The Chambers Dictionary.|year=1998|publisher=Allied Chambers India Ltd.|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-86062-25-8|page=352|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pz2ORay2HWoC&pg=RA1-PA352|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906201311/https://books.google.com/books?id=pz2ORay2HWoC&pg=RA1-PA352|archive-date=6 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Tshwaetso ya dirwe tse dingwe e ka baka dikai tse di farologaneng.<ref name="ID10">{{Cite book|first=N Franklin|last=Adkinson|first2=John E|last2=Bennett|first3=Robert Gordon|last3=Douglas|first4=Gerald L|last4=Mandell|title=Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases|year=2010|publisher=Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0-443-06839-3|page=Chapter 250|edition=7th}}</ref> Bolwetse jwa mafatlha bo anamisiwa go tswa mo mothong yo mongwe go ya kwa go yo mongwe ka mowa fa batho ba ba nang le TB e e matlhagatlhaga mo mafatlheng a bona ba gotlhola, ba kgwa mathe, ba bua, kgotsa ba ethimola.<ref name="WHO2015Fact" /><ref name="CDC2012B">{{Cite web|title=Basic TB Facts|url=https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/basics/default.htm|publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC)|access-date=11 February 2016|date=13 March 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206032136/http://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/basics/default.htm|archive-date=6 February 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Batho ba ba nang le TB e e fitlhegileng ga ba anamise bolwetse jono.<ref name="WHO2015Fact" /> Megare e e matlhagatlhaga e tlhagelela gantsi mo bathong ba ba nang le HIV/AIDS le mo go ba ba gogang.<ref name="WHO2015Fact" /> Temogo ya TB e e matlhagatlhaga e ikaegile ka maranta be a X-ray ya mafatlha, mmogo le tlhatlhobo ya maekerosekopo le setso sa diedi tsa mmele.<ref name="AP" /> Go tlhatlhoba TB e e fitlhegileng go ikaegile ka teko ya letlalo ya tuberculin (TST) kgotsa diteko tsa madi.<ref name="AP">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Konstantinos A|year=2010|title=Testing for tuberculosis|journal=Australian Prescriber|volume=33|issue=1|pages=12–18|doi=10.18773/austprescr.2010.005|doi-access=free}}</ref> Thibelo ya TB e akaretsa go tlhatlhoba ba ba mo kotsing e kgolo, go lemoga le go alafa dikgetse go sa le gale, le go enta ka moento wa bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).<ref name="Haw2014">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Hawn TR, Day TA, Scriba TJ, Hatherill M, Hanekom WA, Evans TG, Churchyard GJ, Kublin JG, Bekker LG, Self SG|display-authors=6|title=Tuberculosis vaccines and prevention of infection|journal=Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews|volume=78|issue=4|pages=650–71|date=December 2014|pmid=25428938|pmc=4248657|doi=10.1128/MMBR.00021-14}}</ref><ref name="TBCon2008">{{Cite book|last=Organization|first=World Health|title=Implementing the WHO Stop TB Strategy: a handbook for national TB control programmes|date=2008|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|location=Geneva|isbn=978-92-4-154667-6|page=179|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EUZXFCrlUaEC&pg=PA179|df=dmy-all|access-date=28 July 2020|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602232631/https://books.google.com/books?id=EUZXFCrlUaEC&pg=PA179|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Harr2013">{{Cite book|last=Harris|first=Randall E.|title=Epidemiology of chronic disease: global perspectives|date=2013|publisher=Jones & Bartlett Learning|location=Burlington, MA|isbn=978-0-7637-8047-0|page=682|ref=https://books.google.com/books?id=KJLEIvX4wzoC&pg=PA682}}</ref> Ba ba mo kotsing e kgolo ba akaretsa batho ba ba nang le TB e e matlhagatlhaga mo malapeng, kwa tirong, le mo setšhabeng.<ref name="TBCon2008" /> Kalafi e tlhoka tiriso ya dibolayamegare tse dintsi mo pakeng e telele.<ref name="WHO2015Fact" /> Go gana dibolayamegare ke bothata jo bo golang ka dikelo tse di oketsegang tsa bolwetse jwa mafatlha jo bo sa alafegeng ka diokobatsi tse dintsi (MDR-TB) le bolwetse jwa mafatlha jo bo sa alafegeng thata ka melemo (XDR-TB).<ref name="WHO2015Fact" /> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2018 go akanngwa gore kotara e le nngwe ya baagi ba lefatshe ba na le tshwaetsego e e fitlhegileng ya TB.<ref name="WHO2018Fact">{{Cite web|title=Tuberculosis (TB)|url=http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis|publisher=[[World Health Organization]] (WHO)|access-date=15 September 2018|date=16 February 2018|archive-date=19 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919171550/http://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis|url-status=live}}</ref> Megare e mesha e diragala mo go bokana ka 1% ya baagi ngwaga le ngwaga.<ref name="WHO2002">{{Cite web|title=Tuberculosis|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/who104/en/print.html|publisher=World Health Organization (WHO)|year=2002|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617193438/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/who104/en/print.html|archive-date=17 June 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2018, go ne go na le dikgetse di feta dimilione di le 10 tsa TB e e dirang e e neng ya felela ka 1.5.&nbsp;dintsho di le dimilione di le le some. Se se dira gore e nne selo sa ntlha se se bakang dintsho ka ntlha ya bolwetse jo bo tshelanwang.<ref name="WHO2017Report">{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/|title=Global tuberculosis report|publisher=World Health Organization (WHO)|access-date=2017-11-09|archive-date=30 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030205301/http://www.who.int/tb/publications/global_report/en/|url-status=live}}</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga we 2018, bontsi jwa dikgetse tsa TB di diragetse kwa dikgaolong tsa Borwa-Botlhaba jwa Asia (44%), Aforika (24%) le Pacific Bophirima (18%), mme go feta 50% ya dikgetse di ne tsa lemogiwa mo mafatsheng a robabobedi: India (27%), China (9%), Indonesia (8%), Philippines (6%), Pakistan (4%).<ref name="WHO2017Report" /> Palo ya dikgetsi tse diša ngwaga le ngwaga e fokotsegile fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi.<ref name="WHO2015Fact" /> Palo e e ka tshwarang 80% ya batho kwa mafatsheng ale mantis a Asia le Aforika ba tlhatlhobiwa ba na le mogare fa 5–10% ya batho ba baagi ba United States ba tlhatlhobiwa ka tlhatlhobo ya tuberculin.<ref name="Robbins">{{Cite book|title=Robbins Basic Pathology|date=2007|publisher=Elsevier|last=Kumar|first=Vinay|last2=Robbins|first2=Stanley L.|isbn=978-1-4160-2973-1|edition=8th|location=Philadelphia|oclc=69672074}}</ref> Bolwetse jwa mafatlha bo ntse bo le teng mo bathong go tloga bogologolo tala.<ref name="Lancet11">{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lawn SD, Zumla AI|title=Tuberculosis|journal=Lancet|volume=378|issue=9785|pages=57–72|date=July 2011|pmid=21420161|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62173-3|url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/a18da0d39f1a2c68d3eee0529e35f7d2bd715803|access-date=28 July 2020|archive-date=27 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210827165456/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Tuberculosis-Lawn-Zumla/e5221448d0c46a5e455b3c835ea6f8348fd084dd|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 9qpgzks2j11tzmdv1tg45h8330fdvy3