Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.4 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 9024 50147 33007 2026-06-01T01:01:33Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50147 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mack Air''' ke kompone ya sefofane sese direlang ko motseng wa [[Maun]], mo [[Botswana]]. Kompone ya Mack Air e simolotse go direla ko bokone bophirima ja lehatshe la Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1994. Kompone ya Mack Air e ikaegile ka ditirelo tsago adimisa bapagami difofane, le tsedingwe jaaka go pega bapagami baba batang go ijesa nala lego iphokisa phefo mo lefaufaung,le go thusa batho baba thokang kalafi ya potako yatsa bongaka, lego fofisetsa bajanala ko mafelong a twaelesegileng ka bojanala mo Botswana le mafatshe a mabapi. Tse dingwe ditirelo tsa yone di akaretsa go isa bajanala ko mafelong a gwebang ka bojanala jaaka a boroko ko makgobokgobong a [[:en:Okavango_Delta|Okavango Delta]] lemo sekakeng sa [[:en:Kalahari_Desert|Kalahari]] mo Botswana. <ref>Mack Air. "Mack Air". Retrieved 2015-09-21.</ref> {{Infobox settlement|name=Mack Air|image_caption=Mack_Air_Logo.jpg|website={{URL|mackair.co.bw}}|image_alt=Mack_Air_Logo.jpg}} Dikgatiso tsa metswediyadikgang ee sedimosetsang bajanala ka bojanala e papamaditse fa sefofane sa Mack Air se itsiwe sele boikanyo ebile ele nngwe ya dikompone tsadi fofane tsedi etsiweng ka go thusa bapalami kadi tirelo tsedi manonthontho, mme ebile esa amane le epe kgwebo ya bojanala tsedi thusang bajanala ka boroko. <ref>Botswana Travel Guide. "Flight companies". Retrieved 28 December 2010.</ref> === '''<u>Histori [[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mack_Air&action=edit&section=1 Edit Source] ]</u>''' === [[Setshwantsho:Mack Air aircraft at sunset v1.jpg|thumb|220x220px|Dingwe tsa difofane tsa Mack Air tsatsi le phirima ]] Kompone ya Mack air e simolotswe ko [[:en:Maun_Airport|Maun Airport]], ka ngwaga was 1994 ke Lara and Stuart Mackay ka sefofane se sengwe sa modiro wa [[:en:Cessna_206_Stationair|Cessna 206 Stationair]].Kgwebo yago sefofane ene ya felela e tserwe ke bagwebi ba basha gotswa [[Zimbabwe]] ka 2014. <ref>Spaeth, Andreas (July 2023). "Botswana's sky-high bush safari". Airliner World (288): 53–61.</ref> Mack Air ene e thapile babereki bale lesome le bothano (15) ka nwaga wa 2007, mme babereki bale masome a mathano (50) bane ba thapilwe ka 2019, go akaretsa bakgweetsi badi fofane bale lesome le boferabongwe (19). Ka ngwaga wa 2021 kompone ene e thapile babereki bale lekgolo le lesome (110), go akeretsa bakgweetsi badi fofane bale masome a marataro (30). <ref>Penton Media (2007). [http://www.aircharterguide.com/Operator_Info/MACK_AIR/828 "Operator Details - Mack Air"]. Retrieved 2009-11-07.</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110825195410/http://www.mackair.co.bw/about_mackair.htm "About Mac Air"]. Archived from [http://www.mackair.co.bw/about_mackair.htm the original] on 2011-08-25. Retrieved 2016-03-09.</ref> <ref>[https://www.mackair.co.bw/about/ "About | MackAir"]. www.mackair.co.bw. July 22, 2020.</ref> Mo ngwageng wa 2017, kompone ene ya reka difofane tsedi lesome (10) tsa modiro wa [[:en:Cessna_Grand_Caravan|Cessna Grand Caravan]] EXs dile disha ele nngwe ya maiteko ago godisa difofane tse kompone eneng ena natso. <ref>[https://www.avcom.co.za/aerocont/?p=1718 "Botswana's Mack Air Takes Delivery of 10 Cessna Caravan EX's"]. ''www.avcom.co.za''.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Citation M2 Kasane v1.jpg|thumb|Sefofane sa Mack Air sa modiro wa Cessna Citation M2 se fofa fa godimo ga Zambezi River ka nako e noka eneng e tshela ]] Ka ngwaga wa 2019, Mack Air ene yanna nngwe ya ntha ya dikompone ya dikompone tsa difofane ee kimetseng ka nosi mo Botswana go fiwa teseletso yago ka pega bapalami and le dithoto goya lehatshe ka bophara. <ref>https://www.mackair.co.bw/scheduled/</ref> === <u>'''Dikotsi le ditiragalo''' [ [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mack_Air&action=edit&section=2 edit source]]</u> === Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ale borataro ( 6 January 2010) , sefofane sa modiro wa Cessna 208 sene sa nna lekotsi ee bakilweg kego retelelwa ga enjene ya sefofane mogo feletseng go baka sefofane gore se wele fatshe mo goneng ga baka ditshenyo tsa sefofane se sena go emelela kwa Piajio Airstrip, Chiefs Island makgobokgobo a Okavangon Delta. [[Setshwantsho:Mack Air Logo.jpg|thumb|Mark Air Logo ]] Sefofane sene sa wela go bapa le molatswana wa noka mme sa petekologa . Kotsi ya sefofane ene ya golafatsa mokgweetsi wa sefofane, le bapagami bale batlhano, mme mongwe wa bone one a robega lehepapoo. Mokgweetsi le bapalami bane bane ba bona dithuso tsa potako mo ebileng bane ba ragogedisiwa ko dipateleng tsa Africa Borwa. <ref>Ontebetse, Khonani (January 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110711081417/http://gazettebw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5029:five-injured-in-aircraft-crash&catid=18:headlines&Itemid=2 "Five injured in aircraft crash"]. Botswana Gazette. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20110711081417/http://gazettebw.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5029:five-injured-in-aircraft-crash&catid=18:headlines&Itemid=2 the original] on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2010.</ref> <ref>Aviation Safety Network (January 2010). [http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20100106-0 "Accident description".] Retrieved 14 December 2010.</ref> === <u>'''Mafelo a sefofane se tsamayang ko go one''' [[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mack_Air&action=edit&section=3 edit source]]</u> === Mafelo a latelang ke mangwe a mafelo a sefofane sa Mack Air e pegang batho goya ko mafelong a farologanyeng gotsweng ka ngwaga wa 2022. <ref>[https://www.mackair.co.bw/scheduled/ "Scheduled Services | MackAir"]. ''www.mackair.co.bw''. August 13, 2020. Retrieved 7 February 2022.</ref> * [[Kasane]]-[[:en:Kasane_Airport|Kasane Airport]] * [[:en:Victoria_Falls|Victoria Falls]]-[[:en:Victoria_Falls_Airport|Victoria Falls Airport]] === <u>'''Difofane''' [[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mack_Air&action=edit&section=4 edit source]]</u> === * [[:en:Cessna_Citation_M2|Cessna Citatation]] <ref>Mack Air (22 July 2020). [https://www.mackair.co.bw/our-*fleet/ "Our Fleet"]. ''www.mackair.co.bw''. Retrieved 7 February 2022. Mack Air (22 July 2020). [https://www.mackair.co.bw/our-*fleet/ "Our Fleet"]. ''www.mackair.co.bw''. Retrieved 7 February 2022. Mack Air (22 July 2020). [https://www.mackair.co.bw/our-*fleet/ "Our Fleet"]. ''www.mackair.co.bw''. Retrieved 7 February 2022. Mack Air (22 July 2020). [https://www.mackair.co.bw/our-*fleet/ "Our Fleet"]. ''www.mackair.co.bw''. Retrieved 7 February 2022. </ref> * [[:en:Cessna_208_Caravan|Cessna 208 Grand Caravan EX]] <ref>Mack Air (22 July 2020). [https://www.mackair.co.bw/our-*fleet/ "Our Fleet"]. ''www.mackair.co.bw''. Retrieved 7 February 2022.</ref> * [[:en:Cessna_210_Centurion|Cessna 2010 Centurion]] <ref>Mack Air (22 July 2020). [https://www.mackair.co.bw/our-*fleet/ "Our Fleet"]. www.mackair.co.bw. Retrieved 7 February 2022.</ref> * [[:en:GippsAero_GA8_Airvan|GippsAero GA8 Airvan]] <ref>Mack Air (22 July 2020). [https://www.mackair.co.bw/our-*fleet/ "Our Fleet"]. ''www.mackair.co.bw''. Retrieved 7 February 2022.</ref> === Metswedi === sgpja5kcyn57l3kgtx91trmxydrbrww 0 9454 50145 37219 2026-06-01T00:29:11Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50145 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joseph Moses Gerald Gordon''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bone ka {{Infobox person|name=JM Gerald Gordon|image=JM Gerald Gordon.jpg|birth_date={{birth date|df=yes|1933|12|14}}|birth_place=[[Vryheid]], South Africa|death_date={{death date and age|df=yes|2016|09|11|1933|12|14}}|death_place=[[Johannesburg]], South Africa|burial_place=West Park Jewish Cemetery, Johannesburg|education=M.Arch; Ph.D.|alma mater=University of Witwatersrand|occupation=[[Architect]], [[academic]]|years active=1955-2016|notable works=<!-- produces label "Notable work"; may be overridden by |credits=, which produces label "Notable credit(s)"; or by |works=, which produces label "Works" -->|spouse(s)=Loraine Gordon (d.2020)}} ngwaga wa  1933 -  o tlhokafetse ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e tlhola malatsi a le lesome le bongwe ka ngwaga wa 2016) e ne e le [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architect motlhami wa tsa kago] <ref>"Obituary. Journal of the South African Institute of Architects. p.13" (PDF)</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20211223075535/https://www.artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/archframes.php?archid=4249 GORDON, Joseph Moses Gerald".] www.artefacts.co.za. Retrieved 27 December 2021.</ref>wa Aforika Borwa, gape ele Porofesa go simolola ka ngwaga tsa  (1976-1994) kwa [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand Yunibesithing ya Witwatersrand] School of Architecture, le Honorary Research Fellow wa yunibesiti ka ngwaga tsa (1994-2016)<ref>"[https://www.wits.ac.za/alumni/obituaries/obituary-content-by-year/#d.en.1762412 Obituary content by year - Wits University]". www.wits.ac.za. Retrieved 27 December 2021</ref><ref>[https://issuu.com/witsalumnirelations/docs/witsreview_may_2017_issuu Wits Review May 2017 by Wits Alumni Relations - Issuu"]. ''issuu.com''. Retrieved 27 December 2021</ref>. O itsege thata ka go tlhama mokgwa<ref>https://www.irbnet.de/daten/iconda/CIB_DC23104.pdf</ref><ref>Leibowitz, Julie (5 October 2020). "[https://www.sajr.co.za/joburg-city-of-architects-and-dreamers/ Joburg – city of architects and dreamers".] ''Jewish Report''. Retrieved 27 December 2021.</ref> wa go aga wa "[[Thin-Skin]]". Dipampiri tsa gagwe le ditshwantsho tsa gagwe di bolokilwe kwa Yunibesithing ya [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand Witwatersrand School of] [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_the_Witwatersrand_School_of_Architecture_%26_Planning Architecture & Planning].<ref>Librarian, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment: John Moffat Building, University of the Witwatersrand, I Jan Smuts Avenue, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa.</ref> O ne a le  Tona wa [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transvaal_(province) Transvaal] (e jaanong e bidiwang  [[Gauteng]]) Institute of Architects ka ngwaga wa 1978 go fitlha ngwaga wa 1979<ref>[https://www.gifa.org.za/about-us/presidents Presidents | GIfA | Gauteng Institute for Architecture | Johannesburg (Joburg), Gauteng, South Africa".] ''www.gifa.org.za''. Retrieved 27 December 2021</ref>. Ntlo ya gagwe ya bonno e ne ya tlotliwa ka "Blue Plaque"<ref>https://joburgheritage.org.za/blue-plaques/</ref> ke ba  Johannesburg Heritage Foundation ka ngwaga wa 2021.<ref>https://www.sajr.co.za/moving-mountains-sa-architect-honoured-with-blue-plaque/</ref> == Metswedi == 2ncvuds5jybof8hqte4w1853klcfvv5 0 10534 50144 40121 2026-05-31T23:55:40Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50144 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Pan South African Language Board''' (e e khutshwafaditsweng e le '''PanSALB''' ) ke lekgotla mo [[Aforika Borwa]] o o tlhomilweng go thusa tswelelopelo ya tiriso ya dipuo tse dintsi, go tokafatsa le go boloka [https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/sign-language-officially-12th-official-language dipuo tse 12 tsa semmuso], le go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa dipuo mo Aforika Borwa. Boto e simolotswe go ya ka molao wa bo 59 wa 1995 ke palamente ya Aforika Borwa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=PanSALB History|url=http://www.pansalb.org/history1.html|access-date=2025-05-30|archive-date=2018-09-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180903141425/http://pansalb.org/history1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Mo godimo ga dipuo di le 12 tsa semmuso tsa Aforika Borwa, PanSALB gape e leka ka natla go tlhama maemo a tiriso le kgolo ya dipuo tsotlhe tse di dirisiwang ke baagi mo nageng go akaretsa le Sekhoe, Sesan, le Senama . <ref>{{Cite web|title=NO. 59 OF 1995: PAN SOUTH AFRICAN LANGUAGE BOARD ACT, 1995.|url=http://www.dac.gov.za/sites/default/files/Legislations%20Files/a59-95.pdf|access-date=2025-05-30|archive-date=2022-08-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220823075343/https://www.dac.gov.za/sites/default/files/Legislations%20Files/a59-95.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Dibopego tsa PanSALB di akaretsa: Dikomiti tsa dipuo tsa diporofense (di-PLC), dikgatlo tsa dipuo tsa naga (di-NLB), le diyuniti tsa bosetšhaba tsa go tlhama dithanodi (di-NLU). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250910143900/https://www.pansalb.org/services/] == Tirisanommogo ya SWiP == Ka 2023, porojeke ya tirisanommogo magareng ga PanSALB, [[SADiLaR]] (the South African Centre for Digital Language Resources), le Wikimedia ZA e ne ya simologa go tsweletsa pele tiriso ya puo ya selegae mo [[Wikipedia]] mmogo le go nna teng ga dipuo tsa tlholego tsa Aforika Borwa mo lefelong la inthanete. <ref>{{Cite web|title=SWiP project to champion SA's indigenous languages online|url=https://news.nwu.ac.za/swip-project-champion-sas-indigenous-languages-online|website=[[North-West University]]|date=2023-10-26}}</ref> Porojeke e khutshwafaditswe go nna SWiP: go kopanya maina a SADiLAR, Wikipedia, le PanSALB. Batsayakarolo ba itsisiwe ka Wikipedia mme ba tsenela katiso ya bokwadi ya gore ba ka tsenya jang diteng, dinopolo le dinepe. <ref>{{Cite web|title=SADiLaR-Wikipedia-PanSALB (SWiP) – SADiLaR|url=https://sadilar.org/en/swip/|access-date=2024-05-19|website=[[SADiLaR]]}}</ref> == Kganetsano == Ka Ferikgong 2016, tona ya botsweretshi le setso ya Aforika Borwa, Nathi Mthethwa o ne a phatlalatsa boto yotlhe ya PanSALB, morago ga pego ya gore magareng ga 2014 le 2015, ditshenyegelo tsa tsamaiso tsa boto di ne di oketsegile go tswa go dimilione di le 8 go ya go dimilione di le 17 go tswa go dimilione di le 23 tsa ZAR, fa ditshenyegelo tse e seng tsa gale yone e ne e le dimilione di le 28. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Multilingualism: Pan South African Language Board going nowhere slowly, haemorrhaging millions|url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2016-02-25-multilingualism-pan-south-african-language-board-going-nowhere-slowly-haemorrhaging-millions/#.Wk5s01WnFEY|last=Marianne Thamm|date=25 February 2016}}</ref>   * Khomišene ya Taal * [[Dipuo tsa semmuso tsa Aforikaborwa|Dipuo tsa Aforika Borwa]] == Metswedi == {{Reflist|30em}} == Dikgokagano tsa kwa ntle == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071217141039/http://www.pansalb.org/ Boto ya Dipuo tsa Aforika Borwa yotlhe] {{Languages of South Africa}} rxgqm1o2y6dbjf4voionxhd6kvfs87y 0 12463 50148 46313 2026-06-01T02:04:14Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50148 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Rita Naa Odoley Sowah.jpg|thumb|Rita]] '''Rita Naa Odoley Sowah''' (o belegwe ka 2 Phukwi 1968) ke mopolotiki wa kwa [[:en:Ghana|Ghana]]. Ke leloko la [[:en:National_Democratic_Congress_(Ghana)|National Democratic Congress]] (NDC). [https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Rita-Naa-Odoley-Sowah-empowering-the-youth-through-sports-in-La-Dadekotopon-1121591 <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [https://www.myjoyonline.com/female-politicians-who-will-influence-december-2020-elections/ <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] [https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-odoley-sowah-to-retrace-ndc-roots.html <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Ke ene mosadi wa ntlha go nna leloko la palamente go tswa mo kgaolong ya [[:en:Dade_Kotopon|La Dade Kotopon]]. [https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/election-2020-provisional-results-show-slight-rise-in-women-elected-to-parliament.html <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][[https://kasapafmonline.com/2020/12/40-female-mps-elected-into-ghanas-8th-parliament/ <nowiki>5]</nowiki>][https://www.myjoyonline.com/meet-the-40-female-mps-elect-of-8th-parliament/ <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>] A tswa kwa [[:en:Labadi|Labadi]] mo Greater Accra Region, o ne a direla jaaka Mookamedi wa Khuduthamaga ya Mmasepala (MCE) wa [[:en:La_Dade_Kotopon_Municipal_District|La Dade kotopon Municipal Assembly]] (LADMA) go tloga ka 2013 go fitlha ka 2017. == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Rita Naa Odoley Sowah o belegwe ka di 2 Phukwi 1968. Ke Mo-[[:en:Ga-Adangbe_people|Ga]] le moagi wa [[:en:Labadi|La]] gape o itsege jaaka [[:en:Labadi|Labadi]] kwa [[:en:Greater_Accra_Region|Greater Accra Region ya]] Ghana. [https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=62 <nowiki>[8]</nowiki>] == Tiro == '''Tiro ya gagwe ya pele''' Sowah o ne a dira jaaka mokwaledi kwa Premix Secretariat ka fa tlase ga Khomišene ya Ditlhapi ya Ghana. O ne gape a dira jaaka Data Entry Officer kwa Lefapheng la Di-Lottery tsa Bosetšhaba jaanong National Lottery Authority kwa Ghana le jaaka mokwaledi kwa Ofising ya La Dade Kotopon ya Leloko la Palamente.[https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=62 <nowiki>[ 8]</nowiki>] '''Mookamedi wa Khuduthamaga ya Mmasepala''' O ne a direla jaaka Mookamedi wa Khuduthamaga ya Mmasepala wa ntlha (MCE) wa La Dade kotopon Municipal Assembly (LADMA) go tloga ka 2013 go fitlha ka 2017.[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/election-2020-provisional-results-show-slight-rise-in-women-elected-to-parliament.html <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] O ne gape a direla jaaka motshwaramatlotlo wa National Association of Local Authorities of Ghana (NALAG). [https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2016/03/23/zambia-delegation-calls-on-national-association-of-local-authorities-of-ghana/ <nowiki>[11]</nowiki>][https://newsghana.com.gh/nalag-to-venture-into-property-development/ <nowiki>[12]</nowiki>] == Mopolotiki == '''Taletso ya Palamente''' O ne a tsenela ditlhopho tsa NDC go tlhophiwa jaaka mokgatlhô wa bona go ya kwa ditlhophong tsa 2020 mme a fenya. [https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Rita-Naa-Odoley-Sowah-empowering-the-youth-through-sports-in-La-Dadekotopon-1121591 <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] O dirile hisetori jaaka mosadi wa ntlha go fenya setilo sa palamente sa La Dade-Kotopon mo ditlhophong tsa Palamente tsa 2020. O ne a fenya ka go bona diboutu di le 47,606 tse di emetseng 53.67% fa Joseph Gerald Tetteh Nyanyofio wa [[:en:New_Patriotic_Party|New Patriotic Party]] (NPP) a ne a bona diboutu di le 41,101 tse di emetseng 46.33%.[1] [2] Ke mongwe wa basadi ba le 40 ba ba emetseng dikgaolo tsa bona mo Palamenteng ya bo 8 go tloga ka 7 Ferikgong 2021. [https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-odoley-sowah-to-retrace-ndc-roots.html <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>][https://www.myjoyonline.com/meet-the-40-female-mps-elect-of-8th-parliament/ <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>] '''Leloko la Palamente''' Sowah o ne a ikana jaaka Leloko la Palamente a emela La Dade Kotopon Constituency mo Palamenteng ya bo 8 ya Rephaboliki ya bo 4 ya Ghana ka 7 Pherekgong 2021. [1] O direla jaaka leloko la Komiti ya Basha, Metshameko le Setso le Komiti ya Bong le Bana ya Palamente. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230425090334/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=62 <nowiki>[8]</nowiki>] == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Sowah ke mo keresete. == Metswedi == [https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Rita-Naa-Odoley-Sowah-empowering-the-youth-through-sports-in-La-Dadekotopon-1121591 [1<nowiki>]</nowiki> "Rita Naa Odoley Sowah empowering the youth through sports in La Dadekotopon"]. GhanaWeb. 2020-11-29. Retrieved 2020-12-19. [https://www.myjoyonline.com/female-politicians-who-will-influence-december-2020-elections/ <nowiki>[2] "Prince Akpah: Female politicians who will influence December 2020 elections</nowiki>]". MyJoyOnline. Retrieved 2020-12-19. [3] Botchway, Nii Martey M. (27 July 2019). [https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/ghana-news-odoley-sowah-to-retrace-ndc-roots.html "Odoley Sowah to retrace NDC roots"]. Graphic Online. Retrieved 14 April 2021. [https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/election-2020-provisional-results-show-slight-rise-in-women-elected-to-parliament.html <nowiki>[4] "Election 2020: Provisional results show slight rise in women elected to parliament</nowiki>]". Graphic Online. 9 December 2020. Retrieved 2020-12-19. [https://kasapafmonline.com/2020/12/40-female-mps-elected-into-ghanas-8th-parliament/ <nowiki>[5] "40 Female MPs elected into Ghana's 8th Parliament</nowiki>]". kasapafmonline. 18 December 2020. Retrieved 2020-12-19. [https://www.myjoyonline.com/meet-the-40-female-mps-elect-of-8th-parliament/ <nowiki>[6] "Meet the 40 female MPs-elect of 8th Parliament"</nowiki>]. MyJoyOnline. Retrieved 2020-12-19. [https://www.graphic.com.gh/lifestyle/personality-profiles/rita-naa-odoley-sowah-mp-la-dade-kotopon.html <nowiki>[7] "Rita Naa Odoley Sowah, MP La Dade Kotopon"</nowiki>]. Graphic Online. October 16, 2023. Retrieved June 26, 2024. [https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=62 <nowiki>[8] "Official Profile of Rita Naa Odoley Sowah – Parliament of Ghana"</nowiki>]. Parliament Of Ghana. Retrieved 2021-04-13. [https://citinewsroom.com/2020/12/rita-naa-odoley-sowahs-quest-to-revamp-education-la-dadekotopon/ <nowiki>[9] "Rita Naa Odoley Sowah's quest to revamp education La Dadekotopon</nowiki>]". Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana. 2020-12-01. Retrieved 2020-12-19. [[From Rita Odoley Sowah's vocational training initiative"|[10] "La Dadetokopon: Hundreds of artisans to benefit from Rita Odoley Sowah's vocational training initiative]]". Pulse Ghana. 2020-11-30. Retrieved 2020-12-19. [11] Dogbevi, Emmanuel (2016-03-23). "[https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2016/03/23/zambia-delegation-calls-on-national-association-of-local-authorities-of-ghana/ Zambia delegation calls on National Association of Local Authorities of Ghana]". Ghana Business News. Retrieved 2021-04-14. [https://newsghana.com.gh/nalag-to-venture-into-property-development/ <nowiki>[12] "NALAG To Venture Into Property Development</nowiki>]". News Ghana. 2016-03-23. Retrieved 2021-04-14. [https://nationaltymes.com/2020/09/30/miss-gh-hon-rita-odoley-donated-to-la-polyclinic-latenu/ <nowiki>[13]"Miss GH, Hon. Rita Odoley Donated to La Polyclinic & LATENU"</nowiki>]. NationalTymes. 2020-09-30. Retrieved 2020-12-19 i5x7jogw0gtbrv0fp9flqnvdtswalpr 0 12795 50146 48445 2026-06-01T00:47:03Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50146 wikitext text/x-wiki Kgosi ya morafe [[Setshwantsho:Mezmay,_Village,_Rural_houses,_Russia.jpg|thumb]] '''Kgosi''' ya morafe ke moeteledipele yo mogolo mo setšhabeng sa Setswana. Ke ene a etelelang pele morafe, a tlhokomela kagiso, le go netefatsa gore batho ba tshela ka kutlwano. Mo [[Setso sa Setswana|setso,]] kgosi o tlhomiwa ka ngwao le tatelano ya bogosi, mme o tshwanetse go nna motho wa seriti, boitshwaro jo bo siameng le botlhale. Batho ba morafe ba mo tlotla ka gonne o emela tsotlhe tse di amang botshelo jwa bone.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Deb |date=2019-05-09 |title=Home {{!}} Sunday Standard |url=https://www.sundaystandard.info/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Mo nageng ya Botswana, dikgosi di na le seabe se segolo mo pusong ya setso. Di dira mmogo le puso go rarabolola dikgotlhang le go tlisa tlhabololo mo metseng. Sekao sa seno ke dikabelo tsa Ntlo ya Dikgosi, e e nayang dikgosi sebaka sa go tlhagisa dikakanyo tsa morafe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://www.gamaidi.co.za/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=Ba Ga Maidi |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250402214115/https://www.gamaidi.co.za/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ekhaya |url=https://iafrika.org/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |website=iAfrika |language=en-ZA |archive-date=2026-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260203160741/https://iafrika.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Kgosi e tshwanetse go reetsa batho ba yone kwa kgotleng, e ba neye tshono ya go bua le go rarabolola mathata ka tekatekano. Gape kgosi ke motshegetsi wa ngwao le meetlo ya morafe. O tlhokomela gore meletlo, ditso le melao ya setso di a latelwa. O ruta basha tlotlo, boikanyego le maikarabelo. Ka jalo, kgosi ya morafe e botlhokwa thata ka gonne e boloka kagiso, e aga sechaba, mme e netefatsa gore morafe o tswelela pele ka kutlwano le tlotlo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=BaTaung Boo Selale – A dynamic, viable and emergent morafe |url=https://bataung.org.za/ |access-date=2026-02-26 |language=en-US}}</ref> Ref sources: https://www.sundaystandard.info https://web.archive.org/web/20250402214115/https://www.gamaidi.co.za/ https://web.archive.org/web/20260203160741/https://iafrika.org/ https://bataung.org.za == Ditshupetso == <references /> 2l85kx427xr6tynkzrkvfb0n2loq5ju 0 13290 50149 50117 2026-06-01T07:34:51Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1500500|Asthma]] to:tn #mdwikicx 50149 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Asthma|synonym=|image=Asthma inhaler use.PNG|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=|pronounce=|specialty=[[Pulmonology]]|symptoms=Recurring episodes of [[wheezing]], [[coughing]], [[chest tightness]], [[shortness of breath]]<ref name=Goldman2020/>|complications=|onset=Typically in childhood / before age 25 years<ref name=Goldman2020/>|duration=Long term<ref name=Mitchell2021.4/>|types=|causes=[[Genetics|Genetic]] and [[environmental factor]]s<ref name=Goldman2020/>|risks=[[Air pollution]], [[allergen]]s (viral infection, dust, smoke, animal fur, perfume), some medicines<ref name=WHO2022/><ref name=aaaai2020/>|diagnosis=Based on symptoms, response to therapy, [[spirometry]]<ref name=Mitchell2021.4/>|differential=|prevention=|treatment=Avoiding triggers, inhaled [[corticosteroid]]s, [[salbutamol]]<ref name=WHO2022/>|medication=|prognosis=|frequency=262 million (2019)<ref name=WHO2022/>|deaths=455,000 (2019)<ref name=WHO2022/>|named after=}} '''Bolwetsi jwa Phupelo bo ke bolwetse jo bo''' tlwaelegileng jwa thurugo ya nako e telele ya ditsela tsa mowa kgotsa tsa phefo tsa makgwafo.<ref name="Goldman2020">{{Cite book|last=Drazen|first=Geoffrey M.|last2=Bel|first2=Elisabeth H.|editor-last=Goldman|editor-first=Lee|editor-last2=Schafer|editor-first2=Andrew I.|title=Goldman-Cecil Medicine|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-323-55087-1|pages=527-535|edition=26th|volume=1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Asthma&pg=PA527|language=en|chapter=81. Asthma|access-date=2022-10-07|archive-date=2022-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007204510/https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Asthma&pg=PA527|url-status=live}}</ref> E tlhaolwa ka dikai tse di farologaneng le tse di ipoeletsang, kgoreletso ya kelelo ya mowa e e ka busediwang morago, le go ruruga ga makgwafo mo go ka nnang teng motlhofo ; go tlhotlhora, go gotlhola, go tlhaela mowa, le go gagamala ga sehuba.<ref name="Mitchell2021.4">{{Cite book|last=Mitchell|first=Ian|last2=Govias|first2=Gaynor|title=Asthma Education: Principles and Practice for the Asthma Educator|date=2021|publisher=Springer|location=Switzerland|isbn=978-3-030-77895-8|pages=95-130|edition=Second|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nh8_EAAAQBAJ&dq=Asthma&pg=PA95|language=en|chapter=4. Clinical presentation of asthma|access-date=2022-10-07|archive-date=2022-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007204540/https://books.google.com/books?id=nh8_EAAAQBAJ&dq=Asthma&pg=PA95|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CDCasthma">{{Cite web|last=CDC|date=27 September 2022|title=Have Asthma? Learn how you can improve your health and quality of life|url=https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/default.htm|access-date=7 October 2022|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|archive-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006185400/https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/default.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Tseno di ka nna tsa diragala makgetlo a le mmalwa ka letsatsi kgotsa makgetlo a le mmalwa ka beke.<ref name="WHO2013">{{Cite web|title=Asthma Fact sheet №307|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs307/en/|website=WHO|access-date=3 March 2016|date=November 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629035454/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs307/en/|archive-date=June 29, 2011}}</ref> Dikai tsa bolwetse di kgoreletsa boroko kgotsa di nna maswe le go feta fa o ikatisa.<ref name="Mitchell2021.4" /> Phupelo e ka tlhagelela gape le letsapa, serame se se ipoeletsang, kgotsa go sa itekanela sentle.<ref name="Mitchell2021.4" /> Go akanngwa gore phupelo e bakwa ke kopano ya mabaka a lotsalo le a tikologo.<ref name="Goldman2020" /> Mabaka a tikologo a akaretsa go tlhagelela mo kgotlhelong ya mowa le dialeji.<ref name="WHO2022">{{Cite web|title=Asthma fact sheet|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma|website=www.who.int|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=7 October 2022|language=en|date=11 May 2022|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305180405/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma|url-status=live}}</ref> Dilo tse dingwe tse di ka bakang bolwetse jono di akaretsa melemo e tshwana le aspirin le di-NSAID tse dingwe, dithibela-beta, le dithibela-ACE.<ref name="aaaai2020">{{Cite web|title=Medications May Trigger Asthma Symptoms|url=https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/asthma/medications-may-trigger-asthma-symptoms|website=www.aaaai.org|publisher=American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology|access-date=7 October 2022|language=En|date=28 September 2020|archive-date=9 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709154954/https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/asthma/medications-may-trigger-asthma-symptoms|url-status=live}}</ref> Temogo ka kakaretso e ikaegile ka mokgwa wa dikai, tsibogo ya kalafi fa nako e ntse e tsamaya, le teko ya tiro ya makgwafo ya spirometry.<ref name="Mitchell2021.4" /> Phupelo e kgaogantswe go ya ka makgetlo a dikai di diragalang ka one, go hema ka bothata mo motsotswaneng o le mongwe ( FEV1 ), le seelo sa go hema se se kwa godimo.<ref name="Mitchell2021.4" /> Ka tlwaelo e ntse e arotswe ka atopic le e seng ya atopic; akanya gore seno ke go nolofatsa go feta selekanyo.<ref name="Goldman2020" /> Ga go na kalafi.<ref name="WHO2022" /> Dikai di ka thibelwa ka go tila ditlhotlheletsi, jaaka dialeji le dilo tse di tenang, le go laolwa ka tiriso ya di-corticosteroid tse di hemiwang.<ref name="WHO2022" /> Di- beta agonist tse di dirang nako e telele (LABA), di- antagonist tsa muscarinic tse di dirang nako e telele (LAMA) le di- antileukotriene di ka dirisiwa mo godimo ga di- corticosteroid tse di hemiwang fa dikai tsa bolwetse di sa laolesege.<ref name="Goldman2020" /> Kalafi ya dikai tse di ntseng di gakala ka bonako gantsi e dirisiwa ka go hema seokobatsi sa beta-2, se se jaaka salbutamol, le di-corticosteroid tse di nowang ka molomo . Mo dinakong tse di masisi , go ka nna ga tlhokega gore motho a tshelwe corticosteroid mo ditshikaneng, magnesium sulfate, le go robadiwa kwa bookelong. Ka ngwaga wa 2019, batho ba le dimilione di le makgolo a mabedi,masome a marataro le bobedi lefatshe ka bophara ba ne ba na le bolwetse jwa phupelo, go tswa go dimilione di le lekgolo,masome a robabobedi le boraro ka ngwaga wa 1990.<ref name="WHO2022" /><ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|last=GBD 2015 Disease Injury Incidence Prevalence Collaborators}}</ref> E bakile dintsho di ka nna 455 000 ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi,lesome le borobabongwe (2019,) tse bontsi jwa tsone di diragetseng kwa mafathseng a tlhabologang.<ref name="WHO2022" /> Phupelo gantsi e simolola mo bongwaneng, gantsi pele ga dingwaga di le masome a mebedi le botlhano, fela go simolola go ka nna mo dingwageng dipe fela.<ref name="Goldman2020" /> Basimane ba amega kgapetsakgapetsa go feta basetsana mme basadi ba amega go feta banna.<ref name="Goldman2020" /> Dikelo di menagane gabedi mo halofong ya bobedi ya ngwagakgolo wa bo 20, ka dikelo tse di kwa godimo mo mafatsheng a tlhabologileng.<ref name="Goldman2020" /> Go lebega go na le dikelo tse di kwa tlase mo bathong ba ba golang mo ditikologong tsa temothuo.<ref name="Goldman2020" /> Phupelo e ne e lemogwa go tloga kwa Egepeto wa Bogologolo.<ref name="Manniche1999">{{Cite book|last=Manniche L.|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Lefoko "asthma" le tswa mo Segerikeng {{Lang|grc|ἅσθμα}} ., ''ásthma'', e e kayang "go hemela kwa godimo".<ref name="M38">{{Cite book|first=John F.|last=Murray|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|editor-first=Robert J.|editor-last=Mason|editor-first2=John F.|editor-last2=Murray|editor-first3=V. Courtney|editor-last3=Broaddus|editor-first4=Jay A.|editor-last4=Nadel|editor-last5=Martin|editor-first5=Thomas R.|editor-last6=King, Jr.|editor-first6=Talmadge E.|editor-last7=Schraufnagel|editor-first7=Dean E.|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref><ref name="Holgate2010">{{Cite journal|last=Holgate|first=ST|title=A brief history of asthma and its mechanisms to modern concepts of disease pathogenesis.|journal=Allergy, asthma & immunology research|date=July 2010|volume=2|issue=3|pages=165-71|doi=10.4168/aair.2010.2.3.165|pmid=20592914|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2892047/|issn=2092-7355|access-date=2022-10-07|archive-date=2022-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801132710/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2892047/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}} === Dintlha === {{Refbegin}} * {{Cite web|last=National Asthma Education and Prevention Program|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma/asthgdln.pdf|title=Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma|website=[[National Heart Lung and Blood Institute]]|year=2007|ref={{harvid|NHLBI Guideline|2007}}|access-date=2005-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019042933/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma/asthgdln.pdf|archive-date=2013-10-19|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign101.pdf|title=British Guideline on the Management of Asthma|website=[[British Thoracic Society]]|year=2012|ref={{harvid|British Guideline|2009}}|access-date=2020-06-22|archive-date=2008-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819203455/http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign101.pdf|url-status=live}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.ginasthma.org/uploads/users/files/GINA_Report2011_May4.pdf|title=Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention|publisher=Global Initiative for Asthma|year=2011|ref={{harvid|GINA|2011}}|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120205023/http://www.ginasthma.org/uploads/users/files/GINA_Report2011_May4.pdf|archive-date=2012-11-20}} {{Refend}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] 1ft1jxkjama69czm474p03u92hb5vnh 50151 50149 2026-06-01T09:08:59Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1500500|Asthma]] to:tn #mdwikicx 50151 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition|name=Asthma|synonym=|image=Asthma inhaler use.PNG|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=|pronounce=|specialty=[[Pulmonology]]|symptoms=Recurring episodes of [[wheezing]], [[coughing]], [[chest tightness]], [[shortness of breath]]<ref name=Goldman2020/>|complications=|onset=Typically in childhood / before age 25 years<ref name=Goldman2020/>|duration=Long term<ref name=Mitchell2021.4/>|types=|causes=[[Genetics|Genetic]] and [[environmental factor]]s<ref name=Goldman2020/>|risks=[[Air pollution]], [[allergen]]s (viral infection, dust, smoke, animal fur, perfume), some medicines<ref name=WHO2022/><ref name=aaaai2020/>|diagnosis=Based on symptoms, response to therapy, [[spirometry]]<ref name=Mitchell2021.4/>|differential=|prevention=|treatment=Avoiding triggers, inhaled [[corticosteroid]]s, [[salbutamol]]<ref name=WHO2022/>|medication=|prognosis=|frequency=262 million (2019)<ref name=WHO2022/>|deaths=455,000 (2019)<ref name=WHO2022/>|named after=}} '''Bolwetse jwa Phupelo''' ke bolwetse jo bo tlwaelegileng jwa thurugo ya nako e telele ya ditsela tsa mowa tsa mafatlha.<ref name="Goldman2020">{{Cite book|last=Drazen|first=Geoffrey M.|last2=Bel|first2=Elisabeth H.|editor-last=Goldman|editor-first=Lee|editor-last2=Schafer|editor-first2=Andrew I.|title=Goldman-Cecil Medicine|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-323-55087-1|pages=527-535|edition=26th|volume=1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Asthma&pg=PA527|language=en|chapter=81. Asthma|access-date=2022-10-07|archive-date=2022-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007204510/https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&dq=Asthma&pg=PA527|url-status=live}}</ref> E tlhaolwa ka dikai tse di farologaneng tse di ipoeletsang, kgoreletso ya kelelo ya mowa e e ka busediwang morago, le go ruruga ga matshwafo go go ka nnang teng bonolo ; go tlhotlhora, go gotlhola, go tlhaela mowa, le go gagamala ga sehuba.<ref name="Mitchell2021.4">{{Cite book|last=Mitchell|first=Ian|last2=Govias|first2=Gaynor|title=Asthma Education: Principles and Practice for the Asthma Educator|date=2021|publisher=Springer|location=Switzerland|isbn=978-3-030-77895-8|pages=95-130|edition=Second|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nh8_EAAAQBAJ&dq=Asthma&pg=PA95|language=en|chapter=4. Clinical presentation of asthma|access-date=2022-10-07|archive-date=2022-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221007204540/https://books.google.com/books?id=nh8_EAAAQBAJ&dq=Asthma&pg=PA95|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="CDCasthma">{{Cite web|last=CDC|date=27 September 2022|title=Have Asthma? Learn how you can improve your health and quality of life|url=https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/default.htm|access-date=7 October 2022|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|archive-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006185400/https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/default.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Tseno di ka diragala makgetlo a le mmalwa ka letsatsi kgotsa makgetlo a le mmalwa ka beke.<ref name="WHO2013">{{Cite web|title=Asthma Fact sheet №307|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs307/en/|website=WHO|access-date=3 March 2016|date=November 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629035454/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs307/en/|archive-date=June 29, 2011}}</ref> Dikai tsa bolwetse di ka kgoreletsa boroko kgotsa tsa nna maswe le go feta fa o itshidila mmele.<ref name="Mitchell2021.4" />Bolwetse jwa Phupelo boka itshupa gape ka letsapa,go sitwa mo go ipoeletsang, kgotsa go sa itekanela sentle.<ref name="Mitchell2021.4" /> Go akanngwa gore bolwetse jwa Phupelo bo bakwa ke kopano ya mabaka a lotsalo le a tikologo.<ref name="Goldman2020" /> Mabaka a tikologo a akaretsa go tlhagelela mo kgotlhelong ya mowa le dialeji.<ref name="WHO2022">{{Cite web|title=Asthma fact sheet|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma|website=www.who.int|publisher=World Health Organization|access-date=7 October 2022|language=en|date=11 May 2022|archive-date=5 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305180405/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/asthma|url-status=live}}</ref> Dilo tse dingwe tse di ka bakang bolwetse jono di akaretsa melemo e tshwana le bo aspirin le di-NSAID tse dingwe, dithibela-beta, le dithibela-ACE.<ref name="aaaai2020">{{Cite web|title=Medications May Trigger Asthma Symptoms|url=https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/asthma/medications-may-trigger-asthma-symptoms|website=www.aaaai.org|publisher=American Academy of Allergy Asthma and Immunology|access-date=7 October 2022|language=En|date=28 September 2020|archive-date=9 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709154954/https://www.aaaai.org/tools-for-the-public/conditions-library/asthma/medications-may-trigger-asthma-symptoms|url-status=live}}</ref>Kalafi ka kakaretso e ikaegile ka mokgwa wa dikai, tsibogelo ya kalafi fa nako e ntse e tsamaya, le teko ya tiro ya makgwafo ya spirometry.<ref name="Mitchell2021.4" />Bolwetse jwa Phupelo bo aroganngwa go ya ka makgetlo a dikai, mothamo wa go hema ka ka thata mo motsotswaneng o le mongwe ( FEV1 ), le seelo sa go hema se se kwa godimo.<ref name="Mitchell2021.4" /> Ka tlwaelo e ntse e arotswe ka atopic le e seng ya atopic; akanya gore seno ke go nolofatsa go feta selekanyo.<ref name="Goldman2020" /> Ga go na kalafi.<ref name="WHO2022" /> Dikai di ka thibelwa ka go emisa kgotsa go fokotsa ditlhotlheletsi, jaaka dialeji le dilo tse di tenang, le go laolwa ka tiriso ya di-corticosteroid tse di hemiwang.<ref name="WHO2022" /> Di- beta agonist tse di dirang nako e telele (LABA), di- antagonist tsa muscarinic tse di dirang nako e telele (LAMA) le di- antileukotriene di ka dirisiwa mo godimo ga di- corticosteroid tse di hemiwang fa matshwao a bolwetse a sa laolege.<ref name="Goldman2020" /> Kalafi ya matshwao a a ntseng a gakala ka bonako gantsi e dirisiwa ka go hema seokobatsi sa beta-2, se se jaaka salbutamol, le di-corticosteroid tse di nowang ka molomo . Mo maemong a a masisi thata, go ka nna ga tlhokega gore motho a tshelwe corticosteroid mo ditshikaneng, magnesium sulfate, le go robadiwa kwa bookelong. Ka ngwaga wa 2019, batho ba le dimilione di le makgolo a mabedi,masome a marataro le bobedi lefatshe ka bophara ba ne ba na le asma, go tswa go dimilione di le lekgolo,masome a robabobedi le boraroka ngwaga wa 1990.<ref name="WHO2022" /><ref name="GBD2015Pre">{{Cite journal|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|last=GBD 2015 Disease Injury Incidence Prevalence Collaborators}}</ref> E bakile dintsho di ka nna 455 000 ka ngwaga wa 2019, tse bontsi jwa tsone di diragetseng kwa mafatsheng a tlhabologang.<ref name="WHO2022" /> Phupelo gantsi e simolola mo bongwaneng, gantsi pele ga dingwaga di le masome a mabedi le botlhano, fela go simolola go ka nna mo dingwageng dipe fela.<ref name="Goldman2020" /> Basimane ba amega kgapetsakgapetsa go feta basetsana mme basadi ba amega go feta banna.<ref name="Goldman2020" /> Dikelo di menagane gabedi mo halofong ya bobedi ya ngwagakgolo wa bo 20, ka dikelo tse di kwa godimo mo dinageng tse di tlhabologileng.<ref name="Goldman2020" /> Go lebega go na le dikelo tse di kwa tlase mo bathong ba ba golang mo ditikologong tsa temothuo.<ref name="Goldman2020" /> Phupelo e ne e lemogwa go tloga kwa Egepeto wa Bogologolo.<ref name="Manniche1999">{{Cite book|last=Manniche L.|title=Sacred luxuries: fragrance, aromatherapy, and cosmetics in ancient Egypt|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sacredluxuriesfr0000mann/page/49 49]|year=1999|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-3720-5}}</ref> Lefoko "asthma" le tswa mo Segerikeng {{Lang|grc|ἅσθμα}} ., ''ásthma'', e e kayang "go hemela kwa godimo".<ref name="M38">{{Cite book|first=John F.|last=Murray|title=Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine|editor-first=Robert J.|editor-last=Mason|editor-first2=John F.|editor-last2=Murray|editor-first3=V. Courtney|editor-last3=Broaddus|editor-first4=Jay A.|editor-last4=Nadel|editor-last5=Martin|editor-first5=Thomas R.|editor-last6=King, Jr.|editor-first6=Talmadge E.|editor-last7=Schraufnagel|editor-first7=Dean E.|year=2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0|chapter=Ch. 38 Asthma|edition=5th}}</ref><ref name="Holgate2010">{{Cite journal|last=Holgate|first=ST|title=A brief history of asthma and its mechanisms to modern concepts of disease pathogenesis.|journal=Allergy, asthma & immunology research|date=July 2010|volume=2|issue=3|pages=165-71|doi=10.4168/aair.2010.2.3.165|pmid=20592914|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2892047/|issn=2092-7355|access-date=2022-10-07|archive-date=2022-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801132710/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2892047/|url-status=live}}</ref> == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}} === Dintlha === {{Refbegin}} * {{Cite web|last=National Asthma Education and Prevention Program|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma/asthgdln.pdf|title=Expert Panel Report 3: Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma|website=[[National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute|National Heart Lung and Blood Institute]]|year=2007|ref={{harvid|NHLBI Guideline|2007}}|access-date=2005-08-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019042933/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/asthma/asthgdln.pdf|archive-date=2013-10-19|url-status=dead}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign101.pdf|title=British Guideline on the Management of Asthma|website=[[British Thoracic Society]]|year=2012|ref={{harvid|British Guideline|2009}}|access-date=2020-06-22|archive-date=2008-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819203455/http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign101.pdf|url-status=live}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.ginasthma.org/uploads/users/files/GINA_Report2011_May4.pdf|title=Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention|publisher=Global Initiative for Asthma|year=2011|ref={{harvid|GINA|2011}}|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120205023/http://www.ginasthma.org/uploads/users/files/GINA_Report2011_May4.pdf|archive-date=2012-11-20}} {{Refend}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] f54hi3f7b9thkc8ibeingshw5p6j9uk 0 13291 50150 2026-06-01T07:37:36Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1503265|Measles]] to:tn #mdwikicx 50150 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ditshupiso == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] egwz8i2610qzu58pdpu97ig2bzxs5zt