Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.5 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1584 50166 49836 2026-06-04T13:10:49Z Chandapiwa Malema 9413 50166 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Festus Mogae|office=President of Botswana|order=3rd|image=Festus Mogae 2009-06-23.jpg|caption=Mogae in 2009|predecessor=[[Quett Masire]]|successor=[[Seretse Ian Khama]]|term_start=1 April 1998|term_end=1 April 2008|vicepresident=[[Seretse Ian Khama]]|office2=4th [[Vice-President of Botswana]]|predecessor2=[[Peter Mmusi]]|president2=[[Sir Ketumile Masire]]|party=[[Botswana Democratic Party]]|successor2=[[Seretse Ian Khama]]|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1939|08|21}}|birth_place=[[Serowe]], [[Bechuanaland]]|nationality=Botswana|spouse={{marriage|[[Barbara Mogae]]|1967}}|children=3|alma_mater=[[University College, Oxford]] <br /> [[University of Sussex]]|profession=Economist|honorific-prefix=[[His Excellency]]|image_size=200 px|death_date=8 May 2026 (dingwaga 86)|death_place=[[Gaborone]],[[Botswana]]}}[[Setshwantsho:Festus Mogae.jpg|thumb|Tautona wa boraro Festus Mogae]] [[Setshwantsho:Festus Mogae with George Bush June 13, 2005.jpg|thumb|Festus Mogae a na le Tautona wa pele wa Amerika,George Bush.]] '''Festus Gontebanye Mogae''' (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1939 kgwedi ya Phatwe e tlhola masome a mabedi le motso, mme a tlhokafala ka di 8 May 2026) ke lepolotiki la [[Botswana|Botswana]] yo o neng e le [[Tautona wa Botswana]] go tswa ka 1998 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 2008.<ref name=":0">[https://www.britannica.com/biography/Festus-Mogae "Festus Mogae | president of Botswana"]. ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 10 Phalane 2025.</ref> O ne a tsaya mo go Rre [[Quett Masire]] jaaka tautona ka ngwaga wa 1998<ref name=":0" /> mme o ne a tlhophiwa gape ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa 2004; morago ga go nna ngwaga tse lesome mo ofising, o ne a fologa setilo ka ngwaga wa 2008 mme a tlhatlhangwa ke [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Lieutenant General Seretse Khama Ian Khama]].<ref name=":1">[https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/30769540-FR-BIOGRAPHY-HE-FESTUS-GONTEBANYE-MOGAE.PDF "BIOGRAPHY OF HIS EXCELLENCY MR. FESTUS GONTEBANYE MOGAE"] (PDF). Retrieved 10 Phalane 2025.</ref> ==Ka ga gagwe== === Botshelo jwa pele === Mogae ke mokalaka (Moshona wa kwa bophirima) sentle, go tswa Sowe. Setlhopa se sa [[Bakalaka]] se bidiwa Badhalaunda, se se bileditsweng mo go kgosi, Dhalaunda, gape puo ya gagwe ke [[sekalaka]] kgotsa Shona sa kwa bophirima. Mogae o dirile dithuto tsa economics kwa United Kingdom, pele kwa sekoleng sa [[Oxford]], gape le kwa [[mmadikolo wa Sussex]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190208035907/http://www.africansuccess.org/visuFiche.php?id=572&lang=en "Biography of Festus MOGAE"]. ''African Success''. Archived from [http://www.africansuccess.org/visuFiche.php?id=572&lang=en the original] on 8 February 2019. Retrieved 10 Phalane 2025.</ref> A boela kwa [[Botswana]] go tla go dira e le modirela setshaba pele fa a dira mo mafelong a pharologanyo le lekgotla la [[International Monetary Fund]] le [[Banka ya Botswana]]. Moragonyana o ne a nna Molaodi wa [[Banka ya Botswana]] go tloga ka 1980 go ema ka 1981.<ref>[https://www.bankofbotswana.bw/milestones "Milestones | Bank of Botswana"]. ''www.bankofbotswana.bw''.</ref> O ne e le tona ya tsa Madi go tswa ka 1989 go ya go 1998.<ref>{{Cite web |title="About Us - Ministry of Finance". |url=https://www.finance.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=102 |access-date=2025-10-10 |archive-date=2022-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221118092735/https://www.finance.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=102 |url-status=dead }}</ref> E ne e le [[Mothusa Tautona wa Botswana|mothusa tautona wa Botswana]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1992 go ya kwa ngwageng wa 1998.<ref name=":1" /> === Botautona === Lekoko la ga Mogae ebong [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP), le tsere puso ka [[ditlhopho tsa Phalane tsa ngwaga wa 1999]], mme Mogae a ikanisiwa lobaka la ngwaga tse tlhano ka Phalane a le masome a mabedi mo ngwageng wa 1999<ref name="IRIN">[http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=9860 "BOTSWANA: Mogae sworn in as president"], IRIN, 20 October 1999.</ref><ref name="Sworn">"Botswana: Festus Mogae a bewa go nna tautona", Seromamowa sa Botswana (nl.newsbank.com), 20 October 1999.</ref> ke Ramolao Mogolo Julian Nganunu kwa lebaleng legolo la metshameko mo [[Gaborone]].<ref name="Sworn"></ref> Mo modirong o ne o,o ne a ikana go itebaganya le go lwantsha lehuma le letlhoko la ditiro.<ref name="IRIN"></ref> Go latela katlego ya BDP mo [[ditlhophong tsa Phalane ngwaga wa 2004]], Mogae o ne a ikanisiwa gape legato la bobedi ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele a le malatsi mabedi mo ngwageng wa 2004.<ref>"Update: Festus Mogae a kanelwa go nna tautona wa Botswana", Xinhua (nl.newsbank.com), 2 November 2004.</ref> Mogae o ne a solofetsa go lwantsha lehuma le letlhoko ya ditiro, le gone go emisa kanamo ya mogare wa [[HIV-AIDS]], o a neng a ithaopile go o fedisa mo Botswana ka ngwaga wa 2016.<ref>[http://www.gov.bw/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=14&amp;Itemid=79 The Government of Botswana– Vision 2016]</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi a le lesome le bone ka ngwaga wa 2007, Mogae o ne a bolela dikeletso tsa gagwe tsa go tlogela tiro kgwedi tse di borobabongwe tse di latelang.<ref>[http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&amp;click_id=84&amp;art_id=nw20070715145732985C233999 "Botswana's Mogae set to retire"], AFP (''IOL'' ), 15 July 2007. </ref> O ne a tlogela tiro ya go nna Tautona Moranang a rogwa ka 2008 mme a tlhatlhangwa ke Mothusatautona Lieutenant General Seretse Khama Ian Khama.<ref name=":1" /> O ka bo a tshwanetse go tlogela tiro ka 2008 mo tiragalong epe fela; paakanyo ya molaomotheo e e neng ya fetisiwa ka 1997 e ne ya lekanyetsa tautona go palogotlhe ya dingwaga di le some mo maemong a gagwe, e ka tswa e le ka go latelana kgotsa ka go kgaogana. === Morago ga Botautona === Mogae ga jaana o dira jaaka Morongwa yo o Kgethegileng wa Mokwaledimogolo wa Lekgotla la Ditshaba ka ga Phetogo ya Loapi.<ref>[https://www.un.org/sg/srsg/other.shtml "Special and Personal Representatives and Envoys of the Secretary-General"]. United Nations. Retrieved 10 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka 2010, o ne a nna leloko la boto ya bagakolodi ya [[TeachAids]] e e sa direng dipoelo ya kwa Amerika.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101206080535/http://teachaids.org/blog/former-president-of-botswana-festus-mogae-joins-the-teachaids-advisory-board/ "Former President of Botswana, Festus Mogae, joins TeachAIDS Advisory Board"]. ''[[:en:TeachAids|TeachAids]]''. 16 September 2010. Archived from [http://teachaids.org/blog/former-president-of-botswana-festus-mogae-joins-the-teachaids-advisory-board/ the original] on 6 December 2010. Retrieved 10 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ga jaana o dira jaaka modulasetilo wa setlhopha sa mabenkele a magolo a [[Choppies]] kwa a amogetseng Pula 529,000 ka 2011.<ref>Mosikare, Oarabile (19 October 2012). [http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=231&dir=2012/October/Friday19 "Inequality defines Botswana"]. MmegiOnline. Retrieved 10 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ka 2013, mmogo le Tautona wa pele [[Benjamin Mkapa]] wa [[Tanzania]], Mogae o ne a nna modulasetilo-mmogo wa bokopano jwa tlhabololo e e tswelelang, jo bo neng bo tshwerwe ke Setheo sa UONGOZI ka tirisanommogo le [[Club de Madrid]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131121063833/http://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/24856-mkapa-mogae-to-chair-sustainable-development-meet "Mkapa, Mogae to chair sustainable development meet"]. ''Daily News''. Archived from [http://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/24856-mkapa-mogae-to-chair-sustainable-development-meet the original] on 21 November 2013. Retrieved 10 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://clubmadrid.org/who/members/mogae-festus/ "Festus Mogae is the former President of Botswana, Club de Madrid Member"]. ''Club de Madrid''. Retrieved 10 Phalane 2025.</ref> mokgatlho o Mkapa le ene a neng a le leloko la one. == Botshelo jwa gagwe le leso == O tsene mo nyalong e e boitshepo le Mme [[Barbara Mogae]] ka 1967.<ref name=":2">Naidoo, Jay (4 April 2014). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2014-04-04-a-leader-i-would-vote-for-botswanas-former-president-festus-mogae/ "A leader I would vote for: Botswana's former president Festus Mogae"]. ''[[:en:Daily_Maverick|Daily Maverick]]''. Retrieved 10 Phalane 2025.</ref> Ba na le bana ba le bararo ba basetsana, ba tshotshwe fa gare ga 1969 le 1987: Chedza , Nametso le Boikaego.<ref name=":2" /><ref>[https://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/30769540-FR-BIOGRAPHY-HE-FESTUS-GONTEBANYE-MOGAE.PDF "Biography of His Excellency Festus Gontebanye Mogae, Former President of the Republic of Botswana"] (PDF). ''[[:en:African_Development_Bank|African Development Bank]]''. July 2008. Retrieved 10 Phalane 2025.</ref>Mogae o tlhokafetse ka 8 Motsheganong 2026 kwa legaeng la gagwe kwa Gaborone, Botswana a le dingwaga di le 86.<ref>Muia, Wycliffe (8 May 2026). "Festus Mogae: Former Botswana president dies aged 86". BBC News. Retrieved 8 May 2026.</ref> <ref name=":3">"Festus Mogae, Botswana President Who Tackled H.I.V., Dies at 86". The New York Times. 8 May 2026. Retrieved 8 May 2026.</ref><ref>"Botswana's former president Festus Mogae dies at 86". Reuters. 8 May 2026. Retrieved 8 May 2026.</ref>O ne a robadiwa kwa bookelong kgwedi pele ga loso lwa gagwe pele a gololwa go ya kwa lelwapeng la gagwe.<ref name=":3" /> Moporesitente Duma Boko o ne a itsise loso lwa gagwe mo puong ya bosetšhaba mme a bulela malatsi a mararo a go hutsafala.<ref>"Festus Mogae, Who Led Botswana for a Decade, Dies at 86". Bloomberg. 8 May 2026. Retrieved 8 May 2026.</ref>[[Setshwantsho:Mr festus Mogae being sworn in by chief Julian Nganunu April 1 1998.jpg|thumb|Festus Mogae a ikanisiwa ke Moatlhodimogolo Julian Nganunu ka Moranang a rogwa, 1998|200x200px]] ==Ditlotla le dietsele== Mogae o ne a fiwa tlotla ya Grand Cross ya ''[[Légion d'honneur]]'' ke tautona wa France ebong Rre [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] mo kgweding ya Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2008 go bo "a ne a le "moeteledipele wa sekao" mo go direleng lefatshe la Botswana "malebela" a puso ya batho ka batho gape le [[puso ee siameng]]''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090205051835/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5j8gbKwn0tsERDokBWPxImPipuWzQ "Sarkozy décore le président du Botswana pour sa bonne gouvernance"], AFP, 20 March 2008 {{fr icon}}.</ref>'' * Presidential Order of Honour of Botswana (1989) * Officier de I’Order Nationale D’e Cote d’Ivoire (1979) * Honorary Degree of Doctor of Laws – University of Botswana (September 1998) * I’Order Nationale du Mali and the HATAB's Award for Outstanding Contribution to Botswana's Tourism Industry (1997) * the Global Marketplace Award by the Corporate Council on Africa - Houston, USA (May 1999) * Honorary Fellowship of the Botswana Institute of Bankers – Gaborone, Botswana (July 1999) * Distinguished Achievement Award for AIDS Leadership in Southern Africa by the Medunsa Trust - Washington DC, USA (June 2000) * AIDS Leadership Award by Harvard AIDS Institute – Gaborone (December 2001) * 2002 Congressional Black Caucus Annual Legislative Conference Weekend Chairman's Award – Washington D.C., USA (September 2002) * Africa-America Institute National Leadership Award – New York, USA (September 2002) * Honorary Fellow – University College Oxford (2003) * The Knight Commander of the Most Courteous Order of the Kingdom of Lesotho – Maseru, Lesotho (April 2004) * The Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative (BIPAI) International Leadership Award – Gaborone (October 2004) * The Golden Plate Award by the Academy of Achievement - New York, USA (June 2005) * The Pan African Tsetse and Tryponofomiasis (PATTEC) by the African Union – Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (January 2007) * Doctorate of Humanity by the University of Limkokwing, Gaborone Botswana (January 2008) * The Commander of the Legion d’Honneur Grand Croix of the Republic of France – Paris, France (March 2008) * Taylor and Francis Award for significant contribution to women's development and welfare – Gaborone, Botswana (July 2008) * Honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from the University of Southern California<ref>[https://honorarydegrees.usc.edu/past-recipients/ "Past Recipients – Honorary Degrees"]. ''honorarydegrees.usc.edu''. Retrieved 10 Phalane 2025.</ref> * Croix - Highest award in Madagascar granted to dignitaries of the Nation) Antananarivo, Madagascar (June 2006) Mogae o fentse tlotla ya [[Ibrahim Prize for Achievement in African Leadership]] ka ngwaga wa 2008, gape o tla fiwa selekanyo sa madi a US$ 5 million go fitlha ngwaga tse di lesome gape le US$ 200,000 ka ngwaga botshelo jwa gagwe jotlhe go tsweng foo. Kwa toropong ya London Phalane a le masome a mabedi ka ngwaga wa 2008, mokwaledi mogolo wa United Nations Rre [[Kofi Annan]] o ne a tlhalosa: "Ketelelo pele ya maemo ya ga tautona Rre Mogae e supile katlego mo matlhong a setshaba kgatlhanong le segajaja sa HIV/AIDS se se neng se tshosetsaa lefatshe le batho mo lobakeng lo lo tlang."<ref>{{Cite web |title=ap.google.com, Former president of Botswana gets leadership prize |url=http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5iMKoYhkYTsAnyoXj_qVqqzgeY2qQD93U6E1O0 |access-date=2011-11-30 |archive-date=2008-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031043351/http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5iMKoYhkYTsAnyoXj_qVqqzgeY2qQD93U6E1O0 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://africa.reuters.com/wire/news/usnLK333438.html reuters.com, Botswana's Mogae wins African leadership prize]</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, o amogetse ditlotla di le mmalwa jaaka taelo ya Naledi Ya Botswana ka 2003 mme gape<ref>[https://www.africanleadershipacademy.org/staffulty/global-advisory-council/festus-mogae/ "Festus Mogae"]. ''African Leadership Academy''. Retrieved 10 Phalane 2025.</ref> o amogetse Sekgele sa Sejana sa Gauta sa Sekolo sa Phitlhelelo sa Amerika ka 2005.<ref>[https://achievement.org/our-history/golden-plate-awards/#public-service "Golden Plate Awardees of the American Academy of Achievement"]. ''www.achievement.org''. [[:en:American_Academy_of_Achievement|American Academy of Achievement]].</ref><ref>[https://achievement.org/summit/2005/ "2005 Summit Highlights Photo"]. <q>His Excellency Festus Mogae, President of Botswana and 2005 honoree, speaking at United Nations symposium.</q></ref><ref>[https://achievement.org/summit/2006/ "2006 Summit Highlights Photo"]. <q>Golden Plate Awards Council member President Festus G. Mogae of Botswana greets President William J. Clinton.</q></ref> Motlhokomedi wa [[Rhodes Trust]] fa e sale ka 2010,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170516163557/http://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/rhodes-trust/trustees "The Rhodes Trust and Trustees"]. Archived from [http://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/rhodes-trust/trustees the original] on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 10 Phalane 2025.</ref> mme ka 2016, Mogae o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Leloko le le Tlotlegang la Mafatshe a Sele la [[Sekolo sa Bodiragatsi le Maranyane sa Amerika]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160630052141/http://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/appointmentsandawards/festus-mogae-trustee-of-the-rhodes-trust "FESTUS MOGAE (Trustee of the Rhodes Trust)"]. Archived from [http://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/appointmentsandawards/festus-mogae-trustee-of-the-rhodes-trust the original] on 30 June 2016. Retrieved 10 Phalane 2025.</ref> ==Metswedi== {{Reflist}} ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== {{Commonscat|Festus Mogae}} {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | NAME =Mogae, Festus | ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | SHORT DESCRIPTION = | DATE OF BIRTH =21 August 1939 | PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Serowe]], [[Botswana]] | DATE OF DEATH = | PLACE OF DEATH = }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mogae, Festus}} [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] [[Karolo:Tautona wa Botswana]] [[Karolo:Dintsho tsa 2026]] [[Karolo:Batho ba Serowe]] [[Karolo:Mapolotiki a Botswana Democratic Party]] 5x4zrnl32o04s7r8kmsk7svcw5j4fh5 0 4831 50179 37066 2026-06-05T08:57:02Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya tsebe ya Sediba #AWC2026 50179 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Borewell digging.jpg|thumb|Go epa sediba]] '''Sediba''' ke lehuti le lesesane le le epilweng mo lefatsheng, le epiwa go ya kwa tlase kgotsa go ya mo ditlhakoreng. Sediba se ka agelwa ditiriso tse di farologaneng, di akaretsa go gogiwa ga metsi, dilo tse dingwe (jaaka lookwane), kgotsa di gase. E ka nna bontlha jwa patlisiso ya maranyane a lefatshe, go sekaseka tikologo, go batla ditswammung, go meta mogote, e le lehuti la go tsenya didirisiwa le diphaepe kwa tlase ga lefatshe, kgotsa go baya tse di sa batliweng ka fa tlase ga lefatshe, sekai, mo go beyeng khabone. == Botlhokwa == Ba botegeniki le baitseanape ba tikologo ba dirisa lefoko sediba go tlhalosa mafuti otlhe a a epetsweng go batlisisa ka tsa lefatshe kgotsa a epetswe go sekaseka tikologo. Se se akaretsa mafuti a a epetsweng go tlhatlhoba mmu kgotsa majwe, go tokafatsa didirisiwa kgotsa go dira didiba tse di dirisediwang go ela tlhoko. Mmu o o tsewang mo didibeng o tlhatlhobiwa mo labong go ela tlhoko gore e ntse jang. kgotsa go sekaseka seelo sa dilabe le tse di mo mmung. [[Setshwantsho:Borewell digging.ogv|thumb|Go epa sediba]] Gantsi, sediba se se dirisediwang go baya metsi se felelediwa ka go tsenya phaephe e e yang kwa godimo go itsa sediba go nwela. Se se thusa gape go thibela dilabe go leswefatsa sediba le go sireletsa dipompo tse di tsentsweng go tsenya motlhaba mo metsing. Didiba tsa lookwane le gase di felelediwa ka tsela e e tshwanang mme e raraane go gaisa. Jaaka go tlhalositswe mo dithutong tsa seemo sa loapi sa pele, selekanyetso sa bothito jwa sediba mo botengnyeng jo bo farologaneng se ka thulamisiwa go thusa go akanyetsa bothito jwa lefatshe mo ditsong. [[Setshwantsho:Drilling boreholes for clean water (9084603915).jpg|thumb|Mosadi kwa [[Uganda]] o ga metsi mo sedibeng]] Didiba di le mmalwa tse dipotlana tse di tsentsweng diphaepe tsa polaseteke tse di laolang bothito di ka dirisiwa go baya bothito kgotsa botsididi ka dipaka tse di farologaneng. Go dira jaana go bidiwa go baya kgothetso ya paka. Didirisiwa tse di ka dirisediwang se di simolola ka lokgarapa go tsena kwa matlapeng a a ikadileng. Go ka nna le didiba di le mmalwa go tsena di le lekgolo, di le boteng jo bo tswang kwa masomeng a matlhano go tsena makgolo a le mararo a di mmithara.<ref>Hellström G. (2008). [https://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160522223418/http://www.annex29.net/ Large-Scale Applications of Ground-Source Heat Pumps in Sweden.] IEA HP Annex 29 Workshop, Zurich, May 19, 2008.</ref><ref>Stiles, Lynn (June 1998). [https://heatpumpingtechnologies.org/publications/51667/ "Underground thermal energy storage in the US".] ''IEA Heat Pump Centre Newsletter''. '''16''' (2): 22–23.</ref> == Ditso == [[Setshwantsho:Borehole 01.jpg|thumb|Sediba se se epilweng kwa Ghana; sediba se ga se bonale]] [[Setshwantsho:AlburyBoreHole.jpg|thumb|Sediba sa metsi se se kwa Enyelane kwa Albury]] Go epa didiba go tswa go o lowe. Ka nako ya bogosi jwa Han (dingwaga di le makgolo a mabedi le bobedi pele ga Keresete go tsena di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi morago ga loso lwa ga Keresete), ba lotso lwa China ba ne ba dirisa go epa didiba go dira meepo le tse dingwe. Moitseanape wa ditso le tshireletso ya tsone wa kwa [[Britain]] [[Michael Loewe]] a re mafelo a didiba a ka nna boteng jwa di mithara di le makgolo a marartaro.<ref>Loewe (1968), 194.</ref> K. S Tom o tlhalosa mokgwa wa go epa: "Mokgwa wa ma [[China]] wa go epela kwa teng o ne wa kgonwa ke setlhopha sa banna ba tlolela mo godimo ga mosipuri gangwe le gape go oketsa lefuti fa kepu e ne e tsamaisiwa ke dinare le dipoo".<ref name=":0">Tom (1989), 103.</ref> Mothale o ke one o o neng o dirisiwa go epa lookwane kwa [[California]] ka dingwaga tsa 1860.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Hobson, John M. (2004). ''The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation''. Cambridge University Press. p. 215. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0521547246|<bdi>978-0521547246</bdi>.]]</ref> Go ne go na le meepo e e boteng jwa dimithara di le lekgolo gaufi le madirelo a tshipi ya boronse ya bogosi jwa Han kwa bophirima a a neng a bonwa kwa Xinglong, Hebei; mekgatšha e le dikamore di ne di feletse ka di lere, didirisiwa tsa tshipi le logong.<ref>Loewe (1968), 191.</ref><ref>Wang (1982), 105.</ref> Ka lekgolo la ntlha la dingwaga pele ga ga Keresete, babetli ba China ba ne ba dira dikepu tsa tshipi ba kgona go epa didiba tse di boteng jwa di mithara di le sekete, le makgolo a matlhano.<ref>Hossain, M. E.; Abdullah Al-Majed, Abdulaziz (2015). ''Fundamentals of Sustainable Drilling Engineering''. Wiley-Scrivener (published March 2, 2015). [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0470878170|<bdi>978-0470878170</bdi>.]]</ref><ref>Rezende, Lisa (2007). ''[[iarchive:factsonfilechron00reze|Chronology of Science]]''. Checkmark Books (published April 1, 2007). pp. [[iarchive:factsonfilechron00reze/page/n50|40.]] ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0816071197|<bdi>978-0816071197</bdi>.]]</ref><ref name=":2">Conner, Clifford D. (2005). [[iarchive:peopleshistoryof0000conn/page/175|''A People's History of Science: Miners, Midwives, and Low Mechanicks''.]] Nation Books. pp. [[iarchive:peopleshistoryof0000conn/page/175|175.]] [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1560257486|<bdi>978-1560257486</bdi>.]]</ref> Ka lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le motso morago ga loso lwa ga Keresete, batho ba kwa China ba ne ba kgona go epa didiba tse di boteng jwa di mithara di le makgolo a robabongwe. Go epa didiba go ne go tsaya nako ebile go le go leele. Ka boteng jwa didiba bo ne bo farologana, go epa sediba se le sengwe go ne go kgona go tsaya dingwaga di le lesome.<ref name=":0" /> Ka lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe, ke gone fela ba Yuropa ba neng ba simolola go kgona go padisana le ba China mo tirisong ya maranyane go epa didiba.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> Mo dingwageng di le dintsi, sediba se se neng se le seleele go gaisa mo lefatsheng ka bophara e ne e ele sa Kola kwa Russia. Go tswa ka Phatwe 2011 go tsena Phatwe 2012 seelo se se ne se tshegeditswe ke sediba sa Sakhalin se se dimithara di le dikete di le lesome le bobedi, makgolo a mararo, masome a mane le botlhano kwa lotshitshing lwa setlhaketlhake sa Sakhalin kwa [[Russia]].<ref>[http://www.ordons.com/asia/far-east/9976-sakhalin-1-project-drills-worlds-longest-extended-reach-well.html Sakhalin-1 Project Drills World's Longest Extended-Reach Well] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110131190440/http://www.ordons.com/asia/far-east/9976-sakhalin-1-project-drills-worlds-longest-extended-reach-well.html Archived] 2011-01-31 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> Sediba sa Chayvo Z-44 se se neng se okeditswe se ne sa nna sone se se mo maemong a sediba se se boteng ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa 2012. Boteng jwa Z-44 ke dimithara di le dikete tse di lesome le bobedi, makgolo a mararo, masome a supa le borataro. Le fa go ntse jalo, didiba tsa ERD di boteng go gisa sediba sa Kola, ka di le sephara. K a Phukwi 2023, lefatshe la China le ne la simolola go epa didba tse di boteng, se sengwe se le kwa kgampung ya Sichuan se solofetswe go nna dimithara di le dikete di le lesome, makgolo a matlhano le masome a mabedi se sengwe se le kwa kgampung ya Tarim se le boteng kwa di mithara di le dikete di le lesome le motso, le lekgolo.<ref>Lau, Chris (2023-07-21). [https://edition.cnn.com/2023/07/21/china/china-second-superdeep-borehole-intl-hnk/index.html "China is drilling some of the world's deepest holes in hunt for natural resources".] ''CNN''. Retrieved 2026-06-05</ref><ref>[https://www.nine.com.au/world-news/china-is-drilling-some-of-the-worlds-deepest-holes-in-hunt-for-natural-resources-20230723-p5ytty.html "China is drilling some of the deepest holes in hunt for natural resources".] ''www.9news.com.au''. 2023-07-23. Retrieved 2026-06-05</ref> == Mekgwa == Ba ba epang ba ka nwetsa sediba ba dirisa motšshine o o epang kgotsa sedirisa sa seatla. Didirisiwa le methale ya go oketsa sediba di a farologana go ya ka o o di dirileng, diemo tsa lefatshe le tiriso. Go epa mo lotshitshing, go dirisiwa didirisiwa tse di kokobalang kgotsa dirala tse di engweng nokeng ke lefatshe la lewatle. == Go epa ka seatla == [[Setshwantsho:Borehole-Manual-Digging-Process-2050-Paris.jpg|thumb|Ba ba epang sediba ba epa sediba ka mabogo ]] Bontsi jwa didiba bogolo jang mo mafatsheng a a santseng a tlhabologa di epiwa ka seatla. Go epa go simolola ka go dirisa didirisiwa tse e seng tsa sepe di tshwana le dikepu, dipeke le digarawe. Babereki ba epa mmu seele ka seelo, gantsi ba dira jalo ba dikologa gore lefuti le bopege sentle. Mokgwa o o bonya ebile o a lapisa, o tlhoka tirisano mmogo le go bereka ka setlhopha. Go thibela lebotana go wela le go netefatsa tlhwatlhwa ya metsi, sediba se agelelwa ka ditena, matlapa kgotsa lokgarapana. Kgagamatso e, e netefatsa go itsetsepela ga sediba gape go thusa go thibela go leswefatsa metsi. Serala sa lokgarapana se ka tsenngwa kwa tlase go itsa mmu go tsena mo metsing. Kwa goimo sediba se a khurumelwa go itsa dilabe le go kgotlhelwa ga metsi.<ref>[https://2050.paris/lander?oref=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F "Transformative Borehole Drilling Projects: Empowering Carbon Credit Initiatives - 2050 Paris |".] 2023-08-01. Retrieved 2026-06-05</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * Sediba sa Adkam kwa Pennyslvania * Motšhine o o kgaolang diphaepe == Metswedi == 7i459ri4wzajix4n8oxm2s9bqrqrl5y 0 13303 50167 2026-06-04T14:56:09Z Mothusi Sekhomba 9433 #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50167 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Thamalakane''' ebonwa mo phelelong ya makgobokgobo a Okavango mo borwa jwa [[Botswana]], Aferika.<ref>C. Michael Hogan. 2008</ref> '''Noka ya Thamalakane''' ebonwa mo phelelong ya makgobokgobo a Okavango mo borwa jwa [[Botswana]], Aferika.<ref>T.Scudder. 1993. ''The IUCN review of the Southern Okavango Integrated Water Development Project'', International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 543 pages</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> 2qjvvnghnx610qumg2lop0929vkcup6 50168 50167 2026-06-04T15:01:00Z Mothusi Sekhomba 9433 Ke tsentse setshwantsho sa Noka ya Thamalakane. #AWC2026 #Water for life in Africa 50168 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Thamalakane''' ebonwa mo phelelong ya makgobokgobo a Okavango mo borwa jwa [[Botswana]], Aferika.<ref>C. Michael Hogan. 2008</ref> '''Noka ya Thamalakane''' ebonwa mo phelelong ya makgobokgobo a Okavango mo borwa jwa [[Botswana]], Aferika.<ref>T.Scudder. 1993. ''The IUCN review of the Southern Okavango Integrated Water Development Project'', International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 543 pages</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Water lilies in Thamalakane river.jpg|thumb|'''Water lilies in Thamalakane river.''']] == Metswedi == <references /> 7g5kqjillbm3v47f7p9hc99b2i87xla 50189 50168 2026-06-05T11:01:51Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya tsebe ya Noka ya Thamalakane #AWC2026 50189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Thamalakane|length_km=88|mouth=makgadikgadi a Sua|image_map=Maun_Anflug2.jpg|map_caption=Noka ya Thamalakane gaufi le [[Maun]]|basin_countries=[[Botswana]]|location=[[Botswana]]}} '''Noka ya Thamalakane''' e kwa phelelong ya borwa jwa makgobokgobo a [[Okavango]] mo [[Botswana]], [[Aferika]].Ga e na tshimologo (motswedi) le phelelo (makgobokgobo). E nnile teng ka ntlha ya go ema ga majwe kwa Thamalakane - e simolotse go nna teng dingwaga di le didikadike tse pedi tse di fitileng e le tsamaiso ya lefatshe ya go kgaogana ga lefatshe mo go kgaoganyang [[Aferika|Aforika]] kwa botlhaba. [[Setshwantsho:Water lilies in Thamalakane river.jpg|left|thumb|Dithunya tsa tswii mo nokeng ya Thamalakane]] Fa lefatshe le le fa gare ga dikgaogano tse pedi (ya [[Gumare]] le ya Kunyere) le simolola go wa, go elela ga metsi a [[noka ya Okavango]] go ne ga thibelwa ke kgaogano ya Thamalakane, ya simolola go phatlalala le go dira metseletsele ya metsi e gompieno e bidiwang makgobokgobo a [[Okavango]]. Nngwe ya metseletsele ya boremelelo e e tshelwang ke [[makgobokgobo a Okavango]] ke noka ya Boro. Ka e thibetswe ke kgaogano, e tshela mo nokeng ya Thamalakane. Dikhilomithara di le masome mane kwa bophirima, metsi a ema kwa kgaoganong ya Thamalakane. E tshela gape kwa nokeng ya Thamalakane e tlhama [[noka ya Boteti]], e e itemogelang komelelo go ya ka dipaka mo mafelong mangwe. Ka paka ya dipula, noka ya Boteti e tshela kwa [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi|letšheng la Makgadikgadi]], e dira gore lefelo leo le nne le dimela ka nako ya dipula.<ref>C.Michael Hogan. 2008. ''[https://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&mode=&order=0 Makgadikgadi]'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20231030065111/https://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=22373&mode=&order=0 Archived] 30 October 2023 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], A. Burnham, ed. ''The Megalithic Portal''</ref> Bogologolo, Boro e ne e tshela kwa Boronyana le [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe]] e seng kwa nokeng ya Thamalakane fela. Mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Thamalakane, motse wa [[Maun]] o ne wa tlhamiwa. Phatlalatso ya metsi kwa Maun e tswa mo masimong a a mo lotshitshing lwa dinoka tsa Thamalakane le [[Noka ya Shashe|Shashe.]]<ref>T.Scudder. 1993. ''The IUCN review of the Southern Okavango Integrated Water Development Project'', International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 543 pages</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Noka ya Boteti]] == Metswedi == <references /> 5grxaau8bj43psggn937t4m9kpn0clk 0 13304 50169 2026-06-04T18:38:40Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE TSENTSE TSEBE YA COCODY FLOOD CANAL 50169 wikitext text/x-wiki Mosele wa Morwalela wa Cocody wa go kgarametsa metsi (French: Canal de drainage de Cocody) ke motheo wa go kgarametsa metsi a pula o o fitlhelwang kwa komoneng ya Cocody ya [[:en:Abidjan|Abidjan]], [[Ivory Coast]].<ref>[https://www.afd.fr/en/countries-regions/cote-divoire "Côte d'Ivoire | AFD - Agence Française de Développement"]. ''www.afd.fr''. 2022-12-06. Retrieved 2026-05-31.</ref>E dira karolo ya tsamaiso ya go laola merwalela ya toropo e e diretsweng go fokotsa merwalela e e diregang gangwe le gape mo mafelong a a kwa tlase a ditoropo.<ref>[https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P167877 "https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-detail/P167877".] ''World Bank''. Retrieved 2026-05-31.</ref> == Se se diragetseng == Cocody ke nngwe ya metse e megolo le e e nang le batho ba le bantsi thata ya Abidjan, e e kwa bokone jwa letsha la Ébrié. Kgaolo e itemogela dipula tse di maatla tsa setlha, ka dipula tsa ngwaga le ngwaga tse di fetang 1,800 mm, tse di dirang gore taolo ya merwalela e nne selo se se botlhokwa mo mafaratlhatlheng a ditoropo.<ref>[https://climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org/country/cote-divoire "Cote d'Ivoire - Country Overview | Climate Change Knowledge Portal"]. ''climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org''. Retrieved 2026-05-31</ref><ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abidjan&oldid=1354283212 "Abidjan"], ''Wikipedia'', 2026-05-15, retrieved 2026-05-31</ref> Go itlhaganedisiwa go nna mo metsesetoropong le go atolosiwa ga mafelo a go nna a a seng ka fa molaong go dirile gore go nne le kgatelelo e kgolo mo dithulaganyong tsa kgelelo ya metsi tsa komone.<ref>[https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail "https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail"]. ''World Bank''. Retrieved 2026-05-31</ref> Bokgoni jo bo sa lekanang jwa kgelelo ya metsi le tsamaiso e e bokoa ya matlakala di lemogilwe jaaka dilo tse di dirang gore go nne le mathata a a sa feleng a merwalela.<ref>[https://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2026/01/26/strengthening-flood-resilience-in-rapidly-growing-cities "Strengthening Flood Resilience in Rapidly Growing Cities | World Bank Group"]. ''www.worldbank.org''. Retrieved 2026-05-31</ref> == Dikarolo tsa motheo le tiro == Kanale eno e diretswe go tsamaisa metsi a pula a a fetang a a tswang mo mafelong a bonno le mo ditseleng tse dikgolo, e le gore a elele go ya kwa Lebaleng la Ébrié.<ref>[https://construction.gouv.ci/ "Ministère de l'Urbanisme du Logement et du Cadre de Vie"] (in French). Retrieved 2026-05-31</ref>E dira mmogo le makopanyi a mangwe a a gogelang metsi le makopanyi a a bolokang metsi e e anameng mo kgaolong yotlhe. Mokgwa wa kgelelo ya metsi wa Cocody o nnile le diporojeke di le mmalwa tsa tsosoloso tse di duelelwang ke puso ya Ivory Coast le balekane ba tlhabololo ba boditšhabatšhaba, go akaretsa World Bank, jaaka karolo ya Porojeke ya Kgatelopele ya Toropo ya Abidjan. <ref>[https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/180061468913883228 "Ivory Coast - Abidjan Sewerage and Drainage Project"]. ''World Bank''. Retrieved 2026-05-31.</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> dnuyikj54t0g0g400fyd17c0g7y7rz9 0 13305 50170 2026-06-04T18:39:37Z KatieKea 10150 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e #AWC2026 #WaterForLifeInAfrica 50170 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Wetland restoration in Australia.jpg|thumb|Go tsosolosiwa ga [[makgobokgobo]] a a sa tswang go agiwa kwa [[Australia]], mo lefelong le pele le neng le dirisediwa temothuo]] '''Tsosoloso ya tikologo''', kgotsa tsosoloso ya thulaganyo ya tikologo, ke thulaganyo ya go thusa go tsosolosa thulaganyo ya tikologo e e gotlhegileng, e e senyegileng, e e sentsweng<ref>Society for Ecological Restoration. [https://ser-rrc.org/what-is-ecological-restoration/ "Restoration Resource Center What is Ecological Restoration?"]. ''ser-rrc.org''. Retrieved 2026-06-04.</ref> kgotsa e e fetotsweng.<ref>Holl, Karen Davis (3 March 2020). "Chapter 1". ''Primer of Ecological Restoration''. United Kingdom: Island Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-61091-972-2|978-1-61091-972-2]]</bdi>.</ref> E farologana le tshomarelo ka gore e leka go baakanya dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tse di setseng di senyegile go na le go tsaya dikgato tsa thibelo.<ref>[https://ser-rrc.org/what-is-ecological-restoration/ "Restoration Resource Center What is Ecological Restoration?"]. ''ser-rrc.org''. Retrieved 2026-06-04.</ref><ref>Martin, Laura (2022). ''Wild by Design: The Rise of Ecological Restoration''. Harvard University Press. p. 5. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-674-97942-0|978-0-674-97942-0]]</bdi>.</ref> Tsosoloso ya tikologo e ka thusa go busetsa morago tatlhegelo ya mefutafuta ya ditshedi, go lwantsha phetogo ya loapi, go tshegetsa tlamelo ya ditirelo tsa thulaganyo ya tikologo le go tshegetsa itsholelo tsa selegae.<ref>UNEP-WCMC (April 30, 2020). [https://production-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org/10-years-to-boost-ecosystem-restoration-for-people-and-planet/ "10 years to boost ecosystem restoration for people and planet"]. ''UNEP-WCMC''. Retrieved 2026-06-04.</ref> [[Lekgotla la ditshaba]] le biditse 2021–2030 e le Ngwagasome wa Pusetso ya Thulaganyo ya Tikologo.<ref>[http://www.decadeonrestoration.org/node "UN Decade on Restoration"]. ''UN Decade on Restoration''. Retrieved 2026-06-04.</ref> Go tsosolosa bonno jwa ditshedi go akaretsa go tsosolosa ka maikaelelo lefelo le le rileng go tlhoma gape thulaganyo ya tikologo e e dirang. Seno se ka farologana le mela ya motheo ya ditso (maemo a ntlha a thulaganyo ya tikologo ka nako e e rileng).<ref>Holl, Karen Davis (3 March 2020). "Chapter 2". ''Primer of Ecological Restoration''. United Kingdom: Island Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-61091-972-2|978-1-61091-972-2]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Jones, Lizzie P.; Turvey, Samuel T.; Massimino, Dario; Papworth, Sarah K. (20 August 2020). Chen, Xiaodong (ed.). [[doi:10.1002/pan3.10140|"Investigating the implications of shifting baseline syndrome on conservation"]]. ''People and Nature''. '''2''' (4): 1131–1144. Bibcode:2020PeoNa...2.1131J. doi:10.1002/pan3.10140. ISSN 2575-8314.</ref> Go fitlhelela go tsosolosa bonno ka katlego, go botlhokwa go tlhaloganya medikologo ya botshelo le tirisanommogo ya mefuta, mmogo le ditsetla tsa botlhokwa jaaka dijo, metsi, dikotla, sebaka, le bonno jo bo tlhokegang go tshegetsa dipalopalo tsa mefuta. == Metswedi == 9glg8hit8fb04wh4czppayc4irqfk0b 50184 50170 2026-06-05T10:02:43Z KatieKea 10150 Ke okeditse tlhanolo le go tsenya ditshwantsho #AWC2026 #WaterForLifeInAfrica 50184 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Wetland restoration in Australia.jpg|thumb|Go tsosolosiwa ga [[makgobokgobo]] a a sa tswang go agiwa kwa [[Australia]], mo lefelong le pele le neng le dirisediwa temothuo]] [[Setshwantsho:Johnson creek pasture reclamation P2222.jpg|thumb|Tsosoloso ya karolo ya Johnson Creek, go busetsa ditiro tsa bioswale le taolo ya morwalela ya lefatshe le le sa bolong go fetolelwa go nna mafulo a dikgomo. Dikutu tse di rapaletseng di ka kokobala, mme di tlhomesitswe ke dipilara. Ditlhare tse di sa tswang go jalwa di tla feleletsa di tsepamisitse mmu. Ditlhare tse di oleng tse di nang le medi e e tlhomilweng mo molapong di diretswe go tokafatsa bonno jwa diphologolo tsa naga.]] [[Setshwantsho:Sankey diagram for the evolution of keywords used in restoration papers over time - facets-2022-0157 f4.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa Sankey sa go fetoga ga mafoko a botlhokwa a a dirisiwang mo dikgatisong tse di buang ka go tsosolosa tikologo kwa Canada fa nako e ntse e tsamaya]] '''Tsosoloso ya tikologo''', kgotsa tsosoloso ya thulaganyo ya tikologo, ke thulaganyo ya go thusa go tsosolosa thulaganyo ya tikologo e e gotlhegileng, e e senyegileng, e e sentsweng<ref>Society for Ecological Restoration. [https://ser-rrc.org/what-is-ecological-restoration/ "Restoration Resource Center What is Ecological Restoration?"]. ''ser-rrc.org''. Retrieved 2026-06-04.</ref> kgotsa e e fetotsweng.<ref>Holl, Karen Davis (3 March 2020). "Chapter 1". ''Primer of Ecological Restoration''. United Kingdom: Island Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-61091-972-2|978-1-61091-972-2]]</bdi>.</ref> E farologana le tshomarelo ka gore e leka go baakanya dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tse di setseng di senyegile go na le go tsaya dikgato tsa thibelo.<ref>[https://ser-rrc.org/what-is-ecological-restoration/ "Restoration Resource Center What is Ecological Restoration?"]. ''ser-rrc.org''. Retrieved 2026-06-04.</ref><ref>Martin, Laura (2022). ''Wild by Design: The Rise of Ecological Restoration''. Harvard University Press. p. 5. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-674-97942-0|978-0-674-97942-0]]</bdi>.</ref> Tsosoloso ya tikologo e ka thusa go busetsa morago tatlhegelo ya mefutafuta ya ditshedi, go lwantsha phetogo ya loapi, go tshegetsa tlamelo ya ditirelo tsa thulaganyo ya tikologo le go tshegetsa itsholelo tsa selegae.<ref>UNEP-WCMC (April 30, 2020). [https://production-wordpress.unep-wcmc.org/10-years-to-boost-ecosystem-restoration-for-people-and-planet/ "10 years to boost ecosystem restoration for people and planet"]. ''UNEP-WCMC''. Retrieved 2026-06-04.</ref> [[Lekgotla la ditshaba]] le biditse 2021–2030 e le Ngwagasome wa Pusetso ya Thulaganyo ya Tikologo.<ref>[http://www.decadeonrestoration.org/node "UN Decade on Restoration"]. ''UN Decade on Restoration''. Retrieved 2026-06-04.</ref> Go tsosolosa bonno jwa ditshedi go akaretsa go tsosolosa ka maikaelelo lefelo le le rileng go tlhoma gape thulaganyo ya tikologo e e dirang. Seno se ka farologana le mela ya motheo ya ditso (maemo a ntlha a thulaganyo ya tikologo ka nako e e rileng).<ref>Holl, Karen Davis (3 March 2020). "Chapter 2". ''Primer of Ecological Restoration''. United Kingdom: Island Press. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-61091-972-2|978-1-61091-972-2]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Jones, Lizzie P.; Turvey, Samuel T.; Massimino, Dario; Papworth, Sarah K. (20 August 2020). Chen, Xiaodong (ed.). [[doi:10.1002/pan3.10140|"Investigating the implications of shifting baseline syndrome on conservation"]]. ''People and Nature''. '''2''' (4): 1131–1144. Bibcode:2020PeoNa...2.1131J. doi:10.1002/pan3.10140. ISSN 2575-8314.</ref> Go fitlhelela go tsosolosa bonno ka katlego, go botlhokwa go tlhaloganya medikologo ya botshelo le tirisanommogo ya mefuta, mmogo le ditsetla tsa botlhokwa jaaka dijo, metsi, dikotla, sebaka, le bonno jo bo tlhokegang go tshegetsa dipalopalo tsa mefuta. Bamaranyane ba fopholetsa gore seelo sa ga jaana sa go nyelela ga mefuta, kgotsa seelo sa go nyelela ga Holocene, se kwa godimo makgetlho a le sekete go ya go dikete tse lesome go feta seelo se se tlwaelesegileng, sa lemorago. Tatlhegelo ya bonno ke selo se segolo se se bakang go nyelela ga mefuta ya ditshedi le go fokotsega ga ditirelo tsa thulaganyo ya tikologo. Go supilwe mekgwa e mebedi ya go fokotsa seelo sa go nyelela ga mefuta ya ditshedi le go fokotsega ga tirelo ya thulaganyo ya tikologo: tshomarelo ya bonno jwa boleng le go busetsa bonno jo bo senyegileng. Palo le bogolo jwa diporojekete tsa go tsosolosa tikologo di oketsegile thata mo dingwageng tsa bošeng jaana, ka diporojekete di le dikete di le makgolokgolo go ralala lefatshe. Maikaelelo a tsosoloso a bontsha ditlhopho tsa sepolotiki, mme a farologana go ya ka lefelo le setso. Mo maemong a lefatshe, kgopolo ya tlholego - e e siameng e tlhageletse jaaka maikaelelo a setšhaba a go fitlhelela tsosoloso e e tletseng ya tlholego ka 2050, go akaretsa le go busetsa dithulaganyo tsa tikologo tse di senyegileng go busetsa morago tatlhegelo ya mefutafuta ya ditshedi. Tsosoloso ya tikologo e fetogile leano le le botlhokwa la lefatshe la go somarela mefutafuta ya ditshedi, le go tlhokomela ditirelo tsa thulaganyo ya tikologo. Maiteko a tsosoloso gantsi a ikaelela go busetsa dithulaganyo tsa tikologo kwa maemong a tsone a ntlha, kgotsa go tokafatsa bothokgami jwa tikologo le tiro ya thulaganyo ya tikologo. == Metswedi == 0z4gw6kxvcew6koalba7ibqxm9bgsnr 0 13306 50171 2026-06-05T06:05:22Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE TSENTSE TSEBE YA YOPOUGON STORMWATER DRAINAGE 50171 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Yopougon Stormwater Drain''' ke porojeke ya go gelela metsi a pula e e fitlhelwang kwa komoneng ya Yopougon, kwa lefatsheng la Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.<ref name=":0">[https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/,%20https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/ "Yopougon : Une délégation de la Banque mondiale visite le chantier canaux de drainage des eaux pluviales du PARU | AbidjanTV.net | AbidjanTV.net"]. 2024-12-10. Retrieved 2026-05-31</ref> Tiro ya kgelelo ya metsi e dirwa ka fa tlase ga Projet d ⁇ Assainissement et de Résilience Urbaine (PARU), lenaneo la taolo ya merwalela le go itshokelana ga ditoropo le le tshegediwang ke Puso ya Côte d'Ivoire le Banka ya Lefatshe.<ref name=":1">[http://web.archive.org/web/20260305204725/https://news.abidjan.net/articles/737509/la-banque-mondiale-salue-les-progres-des-travaux-de-drainage-a-yopougon "La Banque mondiale salue les progrès des travaux de drainage à Yopougon - Abidjan.net News" (in French)]. Archived from the original on 2026-03-05. Retrieved 2026-05-31</ref> == Se se diragetseng == Yopougon e itemogetse mathata a merwalela a a amang baagi ba selegae le mafaratlhatlha a ditoropo.<ref name=":1" /> Go ya ka motsamaisi wa World Bank wa mafaratlhatlha Franz Drees-Gross, mathata a magolo a merwalela mo komoneng a ne a rotloetsa go agiwa ga mafaratlhatlha a mantšhwa a kgelelo ya metsi.<ref name=":2">[https://www.aip.ci/134447/cote-divoire-aip-la-banque-mondiale-salue-les-progres-des-travaux-de-drainage-a-yopougon/ "Côte d'Ivoire-AIP/ La Banque mondiale salue les progrès des travaux de drainage à Yopougon – AIP – Agence Ivoirienne de Presse"] (in French). 2026-05-26. Retrieved 2026-05-31</ref> == Dikago == Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2024, badiredi ba World Bank ba ne ba etela lefelo la go aga metsi kwa Yopougon.<ref name=":0" /> Ka nako ya ketelo, Franz Drees-Gross o ne a bolela gore porojeke e ne e akaretsa mosele wa kgelelo ya metsi o o neng o le boleele jwa dikilometara di le nne.<ref name=":1" /> Batlhankedi ba porojeke ba supile gore batho ba ba ka nnang 230 000 ba ka solegelwa molemo ke mafaratlhatlha a a tokafaditsweng a kgelelo ya metsi le dikgato tsa tshireletso kgatlhanong le merwalela.<ref name=":2" /> == Metswedi == <references /> qx180lsu7ou14y4o3r0clk76vufygcb 0 13307 50172 2026-06-05T06:36:15Z Mothusi Sekhomba 9433 Created page with "'''Makgobokgobo a Okavango''' kgotsa '''Metswedi ya Okavango''' ke makgobokgobo a a bonwang mo Botswana kwa Noka ya Okavango e felelang teng ebo e ftlhelela bophara jwa makgolo a robabongwe le masome a le mararo go ya go Sedikadike sa dimethara<ref>[https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf "Ramsar Information Sheet"] (PDF). 1996. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015705/https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf Archived] (PDF..." 50172 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makgobokgobo a Okavango''' kgotsa '''Metswedi ya Okavango''' ke makgobokgobo a a bonwang mo Botswana kwa Noka ya Okavango e felelang teng ebo e ftlhelela bophara jwa makgolo a robabongwe le masome a le mararo go ya go Sedikadike sa dimethara<ref>[https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf "Ramsar Information Sheet"] (PDF). 1996. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015705/https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.</ref> == LEINA == == Metswedi == <references /> 9plqe8lrfvllmqbjj9w4poba558s2kk 50173 50172 2026-06-05T06:39:05Z Mothusi Sekhomba 9433 #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50173 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Makgobokgobo a Okavango''' kgotsa '''Metswedi ya Okavango''' ke makgobokgobo a a bonwang mo Botswana kwa Noka ya Okavango e felelang teng ebo e ftlhelela bophara jwa makgolo a robabongwe le masome a le mararo go ya go Sedikadike sa dimethara<ref>[https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf "Ramsar Information Sheet"] (PDF). 1996. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210831015705/https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/BW879RISformer.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 31 August 2021. Retrieved 17 January 2021.</ref> (3,050–3,280 ft) == LEINA == == Metswedi == <references /> 0s2lrozsod6nq4xohg04adfg5iybca2 0 13308 50174 2026-06-05T06:49:26Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE TSENTSE TSEBE YA PIKINE DRAINAGE NETWORK 50174 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Pikine Drainage Network''' ke tsamaiso e kgolo ya taolo ya metsi a pula e e direlang mafelo a ditoropo a a nang le baagi ba le bantsi a Pikine, Keur Massar, le Guédiawaye, a a leng kwa ntle ga Dakar.<ref name=":0">[https://walf-groupe.com/blog/2026/03/11/gestion-des-inondations-cheikh-tidiane-dieye-satisfait-des-resultats-du-progep-2/ AYOBA (2026-03-11). "Gestion des inondations : Cheikh Tidiane DIEYE satisfait des résultats du PROGEP 2"]. ''Walf NET'' (in French). Retrieved 2026-05-30</ref>Netweke eno ke yone e e dirang gore go nne le thulaganyo ya Projet de Gestion des Eaux Pluviales et d ⁇ Adaptation au Changement Climatique (PROGEP 2), e e tshegediwang ka madi ke World Bank, African Development Bank le Nordic Development Fund.<ref name=":1">[https://www.pressafrik.com/Visite-de-terrain-l-ADM-s-engage-pour-une-gesthttps://www.pressafrik.com/Visite-de-terrain-l-ADM-s-engage-pour-une-gestion-durable-des-inondations_a155548.html?print=1ion-durable-des-inondations_a155548.html?print=1 "Visite de terrain: l'ADM s'engage pour une gestion durable des inondations"]. ''www.pressafrik.com''. Retrieved 2026-05-30.</ref>Ka ngwaga wa 2026, porojeke e ne e setse e agile dimetara di le 46 000 tsa mela ya kgelelo ya metsi mo teng ga "Pikine-Keur Massar-Guédiawaye triangle". <ref>[https://www.seneweb.com/fr/news/Societe/second-steering-committee-meeting-of-progep-2-adm-unveils-satisfactory-results_n_486111.html Seneweb (2026-03-11). "Second Steering Committee meeting of PROGEP 2: ADM unveils satisfactory results". ''Seneweb'']. Retrieved 2026-05-30</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Hisitori le Tsela e e Dirilweng ka Yone == Kgato ya ntlha ya porojeke e simolotse mo e ka nnang ka ngwaga wa 2012, e le go fokotsa merwalela mo ditoropong tse di kwa tlase tsa Dalifort, Wakhinane, le Nimzatt.<ref>[https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2016/02/03/sustainably-managing-flood-risks-in-dakars-outer-suburbs "Sustainably Managing Flood Risks in Dakar's Outer Suburbs".] ''World Bank''. Retrieved 2026-05-30</ref><ref name=":1" />Tsamaiso e e ikaegile thata ka thulaganyo e e fepiwang ka maatlakgogedi e e kaelang metsi a pula go ya kwa metsweding ya tlholego kwa ntle ga go tlhoka go pompa ka metlha, go dirisa popego ya kgaolo go elela go ya kwa lewatleng.<ref name=":1" />Mo godimo ga dikanale tse di bulegileng, marangrang a akaretsa dikilometara di le masome a mararo (30) tsa ditsela tse di itshupang tse di diretsweng go nolofatsa go tsenelela ga metsi mo mmung wa metsi, go fokotsa go elela ga metsi go tswa kwa godimo.<ref name=":0" /> == Ditlamorago Tsa Tiragatso == Baenjenere ba tsa metsi ba begile gore thulaganyo eno e kgona go laola pula e e nang ka selekanyo sa dimilimetara di feta 130, e dira gore metsi a kgone go elela ka tsela ya kgogedi mme a sa bake kgogolego e e kotsi mo ditoropong. <ref name=":1" />Le fa go na le katlego, badiredi ba lemogile gore tiro e santse e sa felelela, e tlhoka katoloso ya diphaepe tsa go kgobokanya go ya kwa mafelong a a dikologileng jaaka Technopôle le tlhokomelo e e tswelelang go thibela go thibana ga sediment. <ref name=":1" />Banka ya Lefatshe e tserwe jaaka sekao sa PROGEP 2 jaaka "selo se se lekanyang tlhamosešwa" sa Bophirima le Bogare jwa Aforika mo taolong ya merwalela ya metsesetoropo.<ref name=":0" /> <references /> == Metswedi == jsackmm702w9xj3j25x24krua18kh8a 50185 50174 2026-06-05T10:15:32Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE BAAKANTSE TSEBE YA PIKINE DRAINAGE NETWORK 50185 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Pikine Drainage Network''' ke tsamaiso e kgolo ya taolo ya metsi a pula e e direlang mafelo a ditoropo a a nang le baagi ba le bantsi a Pikine, Keur Massar, le Guédiawaye, a a leng kwa ntle ga Dakar.<ref name=":0">[https://walf-groupe.com/blog/2026/03/11/gestion-des-inondations-cheikh-tidiane-dieye-satisfait-des-resultats-du-progep-2/ AYOBA (2026-03-11). "Gestion des inondations : Cheikh Tidiane DIEYE satisfait des résultats du PROGEP 2"]. ''Walf NET'' (in French). Retrieved 2026-05-30</ref>Netweke eno ke yone e e dirang gore go nne le thulaganyo ya Projet de Gestion des Eaux Pluviales et d ⁇ Adaptation au Changement Climatique (PROGEP 2), e e tshegediwang ka madi ke World Bank, African Development Bank le Nordic Development Fund.<ref name=":1">[https://www.pressafrik.com/Visite-de-terrain-l-ADM-s-engage-pour-une-gesthttps://www.pressafrik.com/Visite-de-terrain-l-ADM-s-engage-pour-une-gestion-durable-des-inondations_a155548.html?print=1ion-durable-des-inondations_a155548.html?print=1 "Visite de terrain: l'ADM s'engage pour une gestion durable des inondations"]. ''www.pressafrik.com''. Retrieved 2026-05-30.</ref>Ka ngwaga wa 2026, porojeke e ne e setse e agile dimetara di le 46 000 tsa mela ya kgelelo ya metsi mo teng ga "Pikine-Keur Massar-Guédiawaye triangle". <ref>[https://www.seneweb.com/fr/news/Societe/second-steering-committee-meeting-of-progep-2-adm-unveils-satisfactory-results_n_486111.html Seneweb (2026-03-11). "Second Steering Committee meeting of PROGEP 2: ADM unveils satisfactory results". ''Seneweb'']. Retrieved 2026-05-30</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Hisitori le Tsela e e Dirilweng ka Yone == Kgato ya ntlha ya porojeke e simolotse mo e ka nnang ka ngwaga wa 2012, e le go fokotsa merwalela mo ditoropong tse di kwa tlase tsa Dalifort, Wakhinane, le Nimzatt.<ref>[https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2016/02/03/sustainably-managing-flood-risks-in-dakars-outer-suburbs "Sustainably Managing Flood Risks in Dakar's Outer Suburbs".] ''World Bank''. Retrieved 2026-05-30</ref><ref name=":1" />Tsamaiso e e ikaegile thata ka thulaganyo e e fepiwang ka maatlakgogedi e e kaelang metsi a pula go ya kwa metsweding ya tlholego kwa ntle ga go tlhoka go pompa ka metlha, go dirisa popego ya kgaolo go elela go ya kwa lewatleng.<ref name=":1" />Mo godimo ga dikanale tse di bulegileng, marangrang a akaretsa dikilometara di le masome a mararo (30) tsa ditsela tse di itshupang tse di diretsweng go nolofatsa go tsenelela ga metsi mo mmung wa metsi, go fokotsa go elela ga metsi go tswa kwa godimo.<ref name=":0" /> == Ditlamorago Tsa Tiragatso == Baenjenere ba tsa metsi ba begile gore thulaganyo eno e kgona go laola pula e e nang ka selekanyo sa dimilimetara di feta lekgolo le masome a mararo(130), e dira gore metsi a kgone go elela ka tsela ya kgogedi mme a sa bake kgogolego e e kotsi mo ditoropong. <ref name=":1" />Le fa go na le katlego, badiredi ba lemogile gore tiro e santse e sa felelela, e tlhoka katoloso ya diphaepe tsa go kgobokanya go ya kwa mafelong a a dikologileng jaaka Technopôle le tlhokomelo e e tswelelang go thibela go thibana ga sediment. <ref name=":1" />Banka ya Lefatshe e tserwe jaaka sekao sa PROGEP 2 jaaka "selo se se lekanyang tlhamosešwa" sa Bophirima le Bogare jwa Aforika mo taolong ya merwalela ya metsesetoropo.<ref name=":0" /> <references /> == Metswedi == 6gh45c8qd27pqhmievp3e9xpej1blt2 0 13309 50175 2026-06-05T07:07:51Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE TSENTSE TSEBE YA AGBADO RIVER 50175 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Agbado''' ke noka ya kwa lefatshe la Benin. <ref>[[:en:Agbado_River#cite_note-1|Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993]].</ref>E elela mo nageng ya Maxi go ya kwa bokone jwa Abomey.<ref>Herskovits, Melville Jean; Herskovits, Frances Shapiro (1964). ''[[iarchive:outlineofdahomea0000hers|An outline of Dahomean religious belief]]''. Kraus. p. 63. Retrieved 30 April 2012</ref>E elela go ya kwa borwa go tswa kwa motsweding wa yone kwa karolong ya bokone ya Kgaolo ya Collines, e feta toropo ya Savalou, mme e elela mo Nokeng ya Zou kwa Sekgweng sa Atchérigbé gaufi le Setto.<ref>''[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-sheet17-6th-ed.jpg Sheet 17: Lagos]'' (Map). 1:2,000,000. Series 2201. Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center. April 1973.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Oueme OSM.png|thumb|Ouémé River system with the Zou and the Agbado river (south west)]] == Metswedi == <references /> pa3e8xf3obesfvhtf2m1jql7c0s93wf 50186 50175 2026-06-05T10:17:26Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE TSENTSE TSEBE YA AGBADO RIVER 50186 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Agbado''' ke noka ya kwa lefatshe la Benin. <ref>[[:en:Agbado_River#cite_note-1|Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993]].</ref>E elela mo nageng ya Maxi go ya kwa bokone jwa motse wa Abomey.<ref>Herskovits, Melville Jean; Herskovits, Frances Shapiro (1964). ''[[iarchive:outlineofdahomea0000hers|An outline of Dahomean religious belief]]''. Kraus. p. 63. Retrieved 30 April 2012</ref>E elela go ya kwa borwa go tswa kwa motsweding wa yone kwa karolong ya bokone ya Kgaolo ya Collines, e feta toropo ya Savalou, mme e elela mo Nokeng ya Zou kwa Sekgweng sa Atchérigbé gaufi le Setto.<ref>''[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/ams/africa/txu-oclc-6589746-sheet17-6th-ed.jpg Sheet 17: Lagos]'' (Map). 1:2,000,000. Series 2201. Defense Mapping Agency Topographic Center. April 1973.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Oueme OSM.png|thumb|Ouémé River system with the Zou and the Agbado river (south west)]] == Metswedi == <references /> a3un5kg97i4690c4bbnraziyppwag6s 0 13310 50176 2026-06-05T07:32:41Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE TSENTSE TSEBE YA ADAR RIVER 50176 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:South Sudan topographic map.svg|thumb|Noka ya Adar River]] '''Noka ya Adar''' (kgotsa Khor Adar), e e itsiweng ke Ba-Dinka e le Yal,<ref>P.P. Howell and Mahmoud Eff. Abu Sineina (c. 1951). [https://web.archive.org/web/20191215030713/https://www.sudanarchive.net/cgi-bin/pagessoa?a=pdf&d=Dunepd77&dl=1 "Game in the Machar Marshes"]. Archived from the original on 2019-12-15. Retrieved 2011-07-22.</ref> ke noka e e tsenang mo Nokeng ya Nile e Tshweu mo nageng ya Upper Nile, kwa lefatsheng la South Sudan. E elela kwa bokonebophirima go tswa kwa Machar Marshes <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110705132235/http://iahs.info/bluebooks/SP005/BB_005_0103.pdf page 108]</ref>mme e tsenelela kwa White Nile fela kwa godimo ga toropo ya Melut. == Metswedi == <references /> mjxn7p0jla6cc07yfotw75no3yej9kj 50187 50176 2026-06-05T10:19:10Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE BAAKANTSE TSEBE YA ADAR RIVER 50187 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:South Sudan topographic map.svg|thumb|Noka ya Adar River]] '''Noka ya Adar''' (kgotsa Khor Adar), e e itsiweng ke Ba-Dinka e le Yal,<ref>P.P. Howell and Mahmoud Eff. Abu Sineina (c. 1951). [https://web.archive.org/web/20191215030713/https://www.sudanarchive.net/cgi-bin/pagessoa?a=pdf&d=Dunepd77&dl=1 "Game in the Machar Marshes"]. Archived from the original on 2019-12-15. Retrieved 2011-07-22.</ref> ke noka e e tsenang mo Nokeng ya Nile e Tshweu mo nageng ya Upper Nile, kwa lefatsheng la South Sudan. E elela kwa bokone bophirima go tswa kwa Machar Marshes <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110705132235/http://iahs.info/bluebooks/SP005/BB_005_0103.pdf page 108]</ref>mme e tsenelela kwa White Nile fela kwa godimo ga toropo ya Melut. == Metswedi == <references /> rejuf9wsvd4xlnb3r9trl154685ubyu 0 13311 50177 2026-06-05T08:13:20Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE TSENTSE TSEBE YA WHITE VOLTA 50177 wikitext text/x-wiki '''White Volta''' kgotsa '''Nakambé''' ([[Sefora]]: Volta blanche) ke tlhogo ya motswedi ya [[Noka ya Volta,]] tsela e kgolo ya metsi ya [[Ghana]].<ref name=":0">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm "Ghana - Rivers and Lakes"]. ''www.countrystudies.us''. Retrieved 2017-08-17.</ref><ref>Amisigo, Barnabas Akurigo (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=FBXya_-FfJAC&q=nakanbe+volta&pg=PA27 ''Modelling Riverflow in the Volta Basin of West Africa: A Data-driven Framework''.] Cuvilier. p. 27. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9783865377012|9783865377012]]</bdi>. Retrieved 18 July 2018.</ref>Volta e Tshweu e tlhagelela kwa bokone jwa [[Burkina Faso]], e elela go ralala Bokone jwa Ghana mme e tshologela mo Letsheng la Volta kwa Ghana.<ref name=":0" /> Dinoka tse dikgolo tsa Volta e Tshweu ke Volta e Ntsho le [[Volta e Khibidu]].<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:White Volta in the Dry Season.jpg|thumb|Volta e tshweu ka paka ya komelelo (Ghana)]] == Tsela le Kgaolo == [[Setshwantsho:Volta river black white red descriptions.PNG|thumb|Volta e tshweu e bontshiwa ka bosweu]] Volta e tshweu ke nngwe ya dinoka tse dikgolo tse di elelang mo Nokeng ya Volta. E tlhatloga go tswa kwa Burkina Faso e le Nakanbé mme e elela kwa borwa go ya kwa bokone jwa Ghana go bopa Letsha la Volta.<ref name=":1">[https://www.fao.org/4/w4347e/w4347e0u.htm "The Volta Basin"]. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved 2 June 2026.</ref> Lefelo la Noka ya Volta le akaretsa dibeisi tsa kelelo ya metsi tsa Noka ya Volta le makala a yona a a farologaneng, go akaretsa le dibeisi tse dinnye tsa Volta e Tshweu, Volta e Ntsho, Volta e Khibidu, Oti, le Volta e e kwa Tlase.<ref name=":2">Barry, Boubacar; Obuobie, Emmanuel; Andreini, Marc; Andah, William; Pluquet, Marc (2005). [https://archive.iwmi.org/assessment/files_new/research_projects/river_basin_development_and_management/VoltaRiverBasin_Boubacar.pdf The Volta River Basin] (PDF) (Report). International Water Management Institute. Retrieved 2 June 2026.</ref> Lefelo le le Tshweu la Volta le akaretsa dikarolo dingwe tsa Burkina Faso le Ghana. Mo teng ga Ghana, White Volta e botlhokwa mo kgaolong e e kwa bokone jwa lefatshe, kwa e thusang ka ditšhono tsa matshelo a kwa magaeng ka temothuo ya dipula tsa morwalela, go nose diphologolo, go tshwara ditlhapi, le tiriso ya metsi a mo gae.<ref>Mohammed, Asaah Sumaila; Derbile, Emmanuel Kanchebe; Mordzeh-Ekpampo, Musah Ibrahim (2013). [https://www.davidpublisher.com/Public/uploads/Contribute/55190b1b3d097.pdf "The White Volta Basin, Climate Change and Food Security: Perspectives of Riparian Communities in Northern Ghana"] (PDF). ''Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering B''. '''2''' (6): 375–387. Retrieved 2 June 2026.</ref> Botlhokwa jwa yona bo mo go nneng mosele wa [[Aforika Bophirima]] e e omeletseng/e e bongola go ya kwa thulaganyong yotlhe ya Volta. == Melatswana == Volta e Tshweu e simolola kwa nokeng e e bidiwang Nakanbé kwa Burkina Faso. Volta e Khibidu, kgotsa Nazinon, mmogo le Sissili, ke dinoka tse pedi tse ditona tse di elelang ka Volta e Tshweu, mme gape di simolola kwa Burkina Faso.<ref name=":2" /> Gape go na le Black Volta, kgotsa Mouhoun, e e leng nngwe ya makala a magolo mo thulaganyong ya Volta; le fa go ntse jalo, e tlhoka go tsewa ka go kgaogana jaaka tlhogo ya metsi a thulaganyo yotlhe ya Noka ya Volta.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1" /> Thulaganyo ya noka ya White Volta e naya noka botlhokwa mo kgaolong ka gonne tlamelo ya metsi le kgonagalo ya merwalela mo nokeng e ikaegile ka selekanyo sa pula kwa Burkina Faso.<ref>[https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/10/01/drmhubtokyo-country-program-ghana-strengthening-flood-management-in-volta-basin "Ghana: Strengthening Flood Management in Volta Basin"]. World Bank. 1 October 2014. Retrieved 2 June 2026.</ref> == Tlhotlheletso == Noka ya White Volta ke motswedi o mogolo wa metsi a a nowang mo metseng e mentsi e e fa thoko ga matshitshi a yone le e e kwa kgakala le mosele wa metsi. Gape e baka merwalela ya dipaka mo metseng e mentsi e e mo matshitshing a yone. <ref>[https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-41067545 "Flood alert for Ghana".] ''BBC News Pidgin''. Retrieved 2021-09-23.</ref> iaalxvjjrj2vf6z0jbhatep53ux0hjy 0 13312 50178 2026-06-05T08:40:11Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE TSENTSE TSEBE YA BLACK VOLTA 50178 wikitext text/x-wiki Noka ya '''Black Volta''' kgotsa '''Mouhoun''' (French) <ref>Amisigo, Barnabas Akurigo (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=FBXya_-FfJAC&q=nakanbe+volta&pg=PA27 ''Modelling Riverflow in the Volta Basin of West Africa: A Data-driven Framework''.] Cuvilier. p. 27. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9783865377012|9783865377012]]</bdi>. Retrieved 18 July 2018.</ref>ke noka e e elelang go ralala [[Burkina Faso]] e e ka nnang 1,352 km (840 mi) go ya White Volta kwa Dagbon, Ghana, kwa ntlheng e e kwa godimo ya Letsha la Volta.<ref name=":0">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm "Ghana - Rivers and Lakes".] ''www.countrystudies.us''. Retrieved 2017-08-17.</ref> Ke nngwe ya dikarolo tse tharo tsa Volta, leVolta e tshweu le e khibidu.<ref>[https://www.fotw.info/flags/bf_uv.html "Upper Volta (Burkina Faso, 1959-1984)".] ''Flags of the World''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200920045902/https://www.fotw.info/flags/bf_uv.html Archived] from the original on 2020-09-20. Retrieved 2020-01-15.</ref> Motswedi wa Black Volta o kwa Kgaolong ya Cascades ya Burkina Faso, gaufi le Thaba ya Tenakourou, e leng setlhoa se se kwa godimo go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng leno. Fa o ya kwa tlase go tswa mo nokeng eno, e dira karolo ya molelwane wa Ghana le Burkina Faso, mme moragonyana e nna molelwane wa [[Ivory Coast]] le Ghana. Mo teng ga Ghana, e tshwaya molelwane magareng ga dikgaolo tsa Savannah le Bono.<ref>[https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/confirmed-results-of-the-2018-referendum-on-new-regions.html "CONFIRMED: Results of the 2018 Referendum on new regions".] [[:en:Daily_Graphic_(Ghana)|''Daily Graphic''.]] Accra, Ghana. Retrieved 2020-08-18.</ref> <ref name=":0" />Letamo la Bui, e leng lefelo la motlakase wa metsi, le agilwe mo nokeng, kwa borwa jwa [[:en:Bui_National_Park|Bui National Park]], e noka e e kgaoganyang.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200223183647/http://ghanawildlife.org/bui.html "Bui National Park".] ''Ghana Wildlife Division''. Archived from [http://ghanawildlife.org/bui.html the original] on 23 February 2020. Retrieved 23 April 2018.</ref> iwfxn1owyeews4drf4f6uisn4j7abd5 0 13313 50180 2026-06-05T09:25:40Z MmaBaggio 11091 Created page with "[[Setshwantsho:Limpopo.jpg|thumb|Limpopo River ko Mozambique]] Noka ya Limpopo (/lɪmˈpoʊpoʊ/) e tlhoga mo Afrika Borwa<ref name=":0">[https://www.britannica.com/place/Limpopo-River "Limpopo River"], ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica|Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20180430053526/https://www.britannica.com/place/Limpopo-River archived] from the original on 30 April 2018, retrieved 29 April 2018</ref> mme e elela kwa botlhaba go ralala Mozam..." 50180 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Limpopo.jpg|thumb|Limpopo River ko Mozambique]] Noka ya Limpopo (/lɪmˈpoʊpoʊ/) e tlhoga mo Afrika Borwa<ref name=":0">[https://www.britannica.com/place/Limpopo-River "Limpopo River"], ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica|Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20180430053526/https://www.britannica.com/place/Limpopo-River archived] from the original on 30 April 2018, retrieved 29 April 2018</ref> mme e elela kwa botlhaba go ralala [[Mozambique]] go ya kwa Lewatleng la India. Noka e boleele jwa dikilometara di ka nna 1,750 (1,090 mi), e na le metsi a dikilometara di le 415,000 (160,000 mi2) ka botona. Palogare ya metsi a a tshologang mo ngwageng ke 170 m3/s (6,000 cu ft/s) go ya go 313 m3/s (11,100 cu ft/s) kwa molomong wa yone.<ref>; online at Google Books</ref> <ref name=":0" /> Noka ya Limpopo ke noka ya bobedi e tona mo Afrika e e elelang kwa Lewatleng la India, morago ga Noka ya Zambezi.<ref>Zhu, Tingju; Ringler, Claudia. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232271837 "Climate change impact on water availability and use in the Limpopo river basin".] ''Researchgate.net''. Retrieved 20 September 2021.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Limpopo River basin map.svg|thumb|Tsela le kgaolo ya metsi ya Noka ya Limpopo]] Motho wa ntlha wa kwa Yuropa yo o neng a bona noka eno e ne e le Vasco da Gama, yo o neng a emisa mo molomong wa yone ka ngwaga wa 1498 mme a e bitsa Rio do Espírito Santo (ka Sekgowa, "Noka ya Moya o o Boitshepo"). 'Noka ya Moya o o Boitshepo'). Tsela ya yone e e kwa tlase e ne ya tlhatlhobiwa ke St Vincent Whitshed Erskine ka ngwaga wa 1868 ⁇ 69, mme Kapotene J F Elton o ne a tsamaya mo tseleng ya yone e e fa gare ka ngwaga wa 1870. Noka ena e bitswa Vhembe ke baahi ba Venda ba tikolohong eo moo hona jwale lebitso leo le amohetsweng ke mmuso wa Afrika Borwa e le Masepala wa Setereke ka leboya.<ref name=":0" /> Lefelo la kgelelo ya metsi la Limpopo le fokotsegile mo nakong ya thutafatshe. Go fitlha kwa bofelong jwa Pliocene kgotsa Pleistocene, noka e e kwa godimo ya Zambezi e ne e elela mo nokeng ya Limpopo.<ref>[[:en:Andrew_Goudie_(geographer)|Goudie, A.S.]] (2005). "The drainage of Africa since the Cretaceous". ''[[:en:Geomorphology_(journal)|Geomorphology]]''. '''67''' (3–4): 437–456. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Geomo..67..437G 2005Geomo..67..437G]. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.11.008|10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.11.008]].</ref> Phetogo ya kgaogano ya kgogolego ke ka ntlha ya motsamao wa epeirogenic o o tsholeditseng bogodimo jwa bokone jwa Noka ya Limpopo ya gompieno, go faposa metsi go ya Noka ya Zambezi.<ref>Moore, A.E. (1999). "A reapprisal of epeirogenic flexure axes in southern Africa". ''[[:en:South_African_Journal_of_Geology|South African Journal of Geology]]''. '''102''' (4): 363–376.</ref> == Tsela == Noka eno e elela ka tsela e e itsoketsang thata, e simolola pele e ya kwa bokone e bo e ya kwa bokonebotlhaba, go tswa foo e bo e ya kwa botlhaba mme kwa bofelong e ya kwa borwabotlhaba. E dira jaaka molelwane wa dikilometara di le 640 (398 mi), e kgaoganya Afrika Borwa go ya kwa borwabotlhaba go tswa Botswana go ya kwa bokone-bophirima le Zimbabwe go ya kwa bokone. Fa Noka ya Marico e kopana le Noka ya Crocodile, leina le nna Noka ya Limpopo. Go na le makhubu a le mmalwa fa noka eno e ntse e elela go tswa mo karolong e e kwa teng ya Afrika Borwa. Noka ya Notwane ke e nngwe ya dinoka tse ditona tsa Limpopo, e e tlhatlogang kwa ntlheng ya Sekaka sa Kalahari kwa Botswana mme e elela kwa ntlheng ya bokone-botlhaba. <ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm "Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin"]. ''www.fao.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180830192830/http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Archived] from the original on 30 August 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2021.</ref>Noka e tona ya Limpopo, Noka ya Olifants (Noka ya Tlou), e thusa ka metsi a ka nna dimilione di le 1,233 m3 ka ngwaga.<ref>Görgens, A.H.M. and Boroto, R.A. 1997. Limpopo River: flow balance anomalies, surprises and implications for integrated water resources management. In: Proceedings of the 8th South African National Hydrology Symposium, Pretoria, South Africa.</ref> Dinoka tse dingwe tse di ditona tse di tsenang mo nokeng ke Noka ya Shashe, Noka ya Mzingwane, Noka ya Crocodile, Noka ya Mwenezi le [[Noka ya Luvuvhu.]] <ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm "Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin"]. ''www.fao.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180830192830/http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Archived] from the original on 30 August 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2018.</ref> Kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa Afrika Borwa, noka eno e mo molelwaneng wa Kruger National Park. Toropo ya boemakepe ya Xai-Xai, kwa Mozambique, e mo nokeng eno gaufi le molomo wa yone. Fa tlase ga Olifants, noka eno e kgona go ya kwa lewatleng, le fa gone dikepe tse dikgolo di sa kgone go tsena mo go yone fa e se ka nako ya fa metsi a le mantsi. == Dithuso == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Left hand !Right hand |- | * Notwane River * Bonwapitse River * Mahalapswe River * Lotsane River * Motloutse River * Shashe River * Umzingwani River * Bubi River * Mwenezi River * Changane River | * Marico River * Crocodile River * Matlabas River * Mokolo River * Palala River * Mogalakwena River * Kolope River * Sand River * Nwanedi River * Luvuvhu River * Olifants River |} mlyn7aa5jokgcfxcavyj83e1q6qyffk 0 13314 50181 2026-06-05T09:38:36Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE TSENTSE TSEBE YA ADAR RIVER 50181 wikitext text/x-wiki Noka ya '''Tano''' kgotsa Noka ya '''Tanoé''' (French) ke noka kwa lefatsheng la Ghana. E elela dikilometara di le makgolo a mane (400) go tswa kwa toropong e e bidiwang Traa, e e leng motse gaufi le Techiman, e leng motse mogolo wa Bono East Region mo Repaboliking ya Ghana go ya kwa Ehy Lagoon, Tendo Lagoon le kwa bofelong go ya kwa Aby Lagoon kwa Ivory Coast kwa e tsenang mo Lewatleng la Atlantic. Noka ya Tano e bopa dikilometara di le mmalwa tsa bofelo tsa molelwane wa boditšhabatšhaba magareng ga Ghana le Ivory Coast.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140104033636/http://wrc-gh.org/en/basins/20/tano Tano Basin]. ''Water Resources Commission of Ghana''.</ref><ref>[https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/81847678.pdf Asare‑Donkor, Noah Kyame; Adimado, Anthony Apeke (2016). "Influence of mining related activities on levels of mercury in water, sediment and fish from the Ankobra and Tano River basins in South Western Ghana"] (PDF). ''Environmental Systems Research''</ref><ref>Gbadamosi, Nosmot (28 January 2020). [https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/28/china-investment-bauxite-mining-ghana-infrastructure/ "Ghana's Bauxite Boom".] ''Foreign Policy''.</ref> Ditumelo tsa selegae tsa Bono di dumela gore, Taakora, modimo o o kwa godimo go gaisa wa Bono mo Lefatsheng, o nna kwa motsweding wa noka.<ref>[http://patachu.com/tano-river/ Tano River] Archived 2013-02-16 at the Wayback Machine. ''patachu.com''</ref> Go dumelwa gore batho ba bofelo ba Miss Waldron's Red Colobus (Piliocolobus badius waldronae), e leng nngwe ya ditshwene tse di mo kotsing ya go nyelela mo lefatsheng, ba nna mo sekgweng se se fa gare ga noka le Ehy Lagoon.<ref>[[:en:Tano_River#cite_note-6|McGraw (2005)]]</ref> Mo bogareng jwa ngwaga wa 2008, kgaolo e e rulaganyeditswe go rengwa ke Unilever, ka maikaelelo a go e emisetsa ka dijalo tsa mokolane.<ref>[[:en:Tano_River#cite_note-7|Wolzer (2008)]]</ref><ref name=":0" /> Ka kgwedi ya Hirikong ka ngwaga wa 2020, lori e e neng e rwele sulfuric acid e ne ya wela mo nokeng ya Tano. Ka Hirikgong e le lesome le boraro (13) batho ba ne ba gakololwa gore ba se ka ba nwa metsi ka gonne a ne a kgotletswe. Go tloga ka nako eo noka eno e ne ya busediwa mo boemong jwa yone jwa tlholego == Metswedi == <references /> [[Setshwantsho:The Tano River.jpg|thumb|[[Setshwantsho:Bia - Tano - Ankobra OSM.png|thumb|bia tano-ankobra osm]]Tano River]] ok6vzuyu9yyyal83lq0tqi04wi8gdla 50182 50181 2026-06-05T09:49:11Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE TSENTSE TSEBE YA TANO RIVER 50182 wikitext text/x-wiki Noka ya '''Tano''' kgotsa Noka ya '''Tanoé''' (French) ke noka kwa lefatsheng la Ghana. E elela dikilometara di le makgolo a mane (400) go tswa kwa toropong e e bidiwang Traa, e e leng motse gaufi le Techiman, e leng motse mogolo wa Bono East Region mo Repaboliking ya Ghana go ya kwa Ehy Lagoon, Tendo Lagoon le kwa bofelong go ya kwa Aby Lagoon kwa Ivory Coast kwa e tsenang mo Lewatleng la Atlantic. Noka ya Tano e bopa dikilometara di le mmalwa tsa bofelo tsa molelwane wa boditšhabatšhaba magareng ga Ghana le Ivory Coast.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140104033636/http://wrc-gh.org/en/basins/20/tano Tano Basin]. ''Water Resources Commission of Ghana''.</ref><ref>[https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/81847678.pdf Asare‑Donkor, Noah Kyame; Adimado, Anthony Apeke (2016). "Influence of mining related activities on levels of mercury in water, sediment and fish from the Ankobra and Tano River basins in South Western Ghana"] (PDF). ''Environmental Systems Research''</ref><ref>Gbadamosi, Nosmot (28 January 2020). [https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/28/china-investment-bauxite-mining-ghana-infrastructure/ "Ghana's Bauxite Boom".] ''Foreign Policy''.</ref> Ditumelo tsa selegae tsa Bono di dumela gore, Taakora, modimo o o kwa godimo go gaisa wa Bono mo Lefatsheng, o nna kwa motsweding wa noka.<ref>[http://patachu.com/tano-river/ Tano River] Archived 2013-02-16 at the Wayback Machine. ''patachu.com''</ref> Go dumelwa gore batho ba bofelo ba Miss Waldron's Red Colobus (Piliocolobus badius waldronae), e leng nngwe ya ditshwene tse di mo kotsing ya go nyelela mo lefatsheng, ba nna mo sekgweng se se fa gare ga noka le Ehy Lagoon.<ref>[[:en:Tano_River#cite_note-6|McGraw (2005)]]</ref> Mo bogareng jwa ngwaga wa 2008, kgaolo e e rulaganyeditswe go rengwa ke Unilever, ka maikaelelo a go e emisetsa ka dijalo tsa mokolane.<ref>[[:en:Tano_River#cite_note-7|Wolzer (2008)]]</ref><ref name=":0" /> Ka kgwedi ya Hirikong ka ngwaga wa 2020, lori e e neng e rwele sulfuric acid e ne ya wela mo nokeng ya Tano. Ka Hirikgong e le lesome le boraro (13) batho ba ne ba gakololwa gore ba se ka ba nwa metsi ka gonne a ne a kgotletswe. Go tloga ka nako eo noka eno e ne ya busediwa mo boemong jwa yone jwa tlholego == Metswedi == <references /> [[Setshwantsho:The Tano River.jpg|thumb|[[Setshwantsho:Bia - Tano - Ankobra OSM.png|thumb|bia tano-ankobra osm]]Tano River]] amep9ug9x05by907gr2qnsjxtpj683b 50192 50182 2026-06-05T11:14:49Z MmaBaggio 11091 50192 wikitext text/x-wiki Noka ya '''Tano''' kgotsa Noka ya '''Tanoé''' (French) ke noka kwa lefatsheng la Ghana. E elela dikilometara di le makgolo a mane (400) go tswa kwa toropong e e bidiwang Traa, e e leng motse gaufi le Techiman, e leng motse mogolo wa Bono East Region mo Repaboliking ya Ghana go ya kwa Ehy Lagoon, Tendo Lagoon le kwa bofelong go ya kwa Aby Lagoon kwa Ivory Coast kwa e tsenang mo Lewatleng la Atlantic. Noka ya Tano e bopa dikilometara di le mmalwa tsa bofelo tsa molelwane wa boditšhabatšhaba magareng ga Ghana le Ivory Coast.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140104033636/http://wrc-gh.org/en/basins/20/tano Tano Basin]. ''Water Resources Commission of Ghana''.</ref><ref>[https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/81847678.pdf Asare‑Donkor, Noah Kyame; Adimado, Anthony Apeke (2016). "Influence of mining related activities on levels of mercury in water, sediment and fish from the Ankobra and Tano River basins in South Western Ghana"] (PDF). ''Environmental Systems Research''</ref><ref>Gbadamosi, Nosmot (28 January 2020). [https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/01/28/china-investment-bauxite-mining-ghana-infrastructure/ "Ghana's Bauxite Boom".] ''Foreign Policy''.</ref> Ditumelo tsa selegae tsa Bono di dumela gore, Taakora, modimo o o kwa godimo go gaisa wa Bono mo Lefatsheng, o nna kwa motsweding wa noka.<ref>[http://patachu.com/tano-river/ Tano River] Archived 2013-02-16 at the Wayback Machine. ''patachu.com''</ref> Go dumelwa gore batho ba bofelo ba Miss Waldron's Red Colobus (Piliocolobus badius waldronae), e leng nngwe ya ditshwene tse di mo kotsing ya go nyelela mo lefatsheng, ba nna mo sekgweng se se fa gare ga noka le Ehy Lagoon.<ref>[[:en:Tano_River#cite_note-6|McGraw (2005)]]</ref> Fa gare ga ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008,) kgaolo e e rulaganyeditswe go rengwa ke Unilever, ka maikaelelo a go e emisetsa ka dijalo tsa mokolane.<ref>[[:en:Tano_River#cite_note-7|Wolzer (2008)]]</ref><ref name=":0" /> Ka kgwedi ya Hirikong ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi , lori e e neng e rwele sulfuric acid e ne ya wela mo nokeng ya Tano. Ka Hirikgong e le lesome le boraro (13) batho ba ne ba gakololwa gore ba se ka ba nwa metsi ka gonne a ne a kgotletswe. Go tloga ka nako eo noka eno e ne ya busediwa mo boemong jwa yone jwa tlholego == Metswedi == <references /> [[Setshwantsho:The Tano River.jpg|thumb|[[Setshwantsho:Bia - Tano - Ankobra OSM.png|thumb|bia tano-ankobra osm]]Tano River]] e9c08ja33odvjiha7req8f3xaau00qp 0 13315 50183 2026-06-05T09:55:49Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE TSENTSE TSEBE YA Pra River 50183 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Pra River Ghana.jpg|thumb]] '''Noka ya Pra''' ke noka ya kwa [[Ghana]], e e kwa botlhaba mme ke yone e tona go feta dinoka tse tharo tse ditonao tse di nosetsang kgaolo e e kwa borwa jwa kgaogano ya Volta. E tlhatloga kwa Kwahu Plateau gaufi le Mpraeso mme e elela go ya kwa borwa ka dikilometara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane(149.129 mi) go ralala cocoa e e humileng le mafelo a temothuo le dikgwa tse di tlhwatlhwa e e kwa godimo mo mafelong a a kwa tlase a Akan, Pra e tsena mo Gulf of Guinea kwa botlhaba jwa Takoradi. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081219145019/http://commonwealth.ednet.ns.ca/africa/Ghana/Landforms/landforms.html "Ghana – Landforms".] commonwealth.ednet.ns. Archived from [http://commonwealth.ednet.ns.ca/africa/Ghana/Landforms/landforms.html the original] on 19 December 2008. Retrieved 18 March 2009.</ref> Mo ngwagakgolong wa bo lesome le borobabongwe, noka ya Pra e ne e le molelwane magareng ga Confederation ya Ashanti le [[Gold Coast.]] [[Setshwantsho:Pra River.gif|thumb|Pra River and major tributaries]] Noka ya Pra e na le di-cataract di le dintsi, segolobogolo Bosomasi Rapids kwa Anyinabrim, mme bontsi jwa boleele jwa yone ga bo kgone go tsamaisiwa le fa e le ka mokoro. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo karolong ya ntlha ya lekgolo la bo masome mabedi la dingwaga, noka ya Pra e ne ya dirisiwa thata go tsamaisa dikgong go di romela kwa mafatsheng a mangwe. Kgwebo eno jaanong e dirwa ka dipalangwa tsa tsela le tsa seporo. Dinoka tse ditona tse di tshelang mo go yone ke Ofin, Anum le Birim. Karolo e e kwa bokone ya Pra e sa ntse e direlwa gauta ya botaki ka tshipi wa mercury, o o bakileng kgotlelo e e rileng. <ref>[http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18078910 "Mercury in different environmental compartments of the Pra River Basin, Ghana"]. Centre national de la recherche scientifique. Retrieved 18 March 2009.</ref> Mokgatšha wa noka ya [[Birim]] ke motswedi o mogolo wa diteemane. == Metswedi == ilzotk1uk1nl8adrkjsn9ihfip3t1hh 0 13316 50188 2026-06-05T10:29:00Z JudithShe 9421 Ke dirile tsebe ya Metsi a a nowang #AWC2026 50188 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Clean water for a village in West Lombok (10686572086).jpg|thumb|Metsi a a nowang a a tswang mo pompong]] '''Metsi a a nowang''' ke metsi a a babalesegileng go ka nowa kgotsa go dirisiwa mo dijong. Gantsi a tswa mo dipompong, a bidiwa metsi a pompo. Selekanyo sa metsi a a tlhokafalang go netefatsa botsogo se a farologana, ebile se ikaegile ka go itekanela ga motho, digwaga, tse di amang botsogo, le seemo sa tikologo.<ref name=":0">Ann C. Grandjean (August 2004). "[https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/nutrientschap3.pdf 3]" (PDF). ''Water Requirements, Impinging Factors, & Recommended Intakes''. World Health Organization. pp. 25–34. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160222003438/http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/nutrientschap3.pdf Archived (]PDF) from the original on 22 February 2016 This 2004 article focuses on the USA context and uses data collected from the US military.</ref><ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924093656/http://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/pdfs/efh-complete.pdf Exposure Factors Handbook: 2011 Edition]'' (PDF). National Center for Environmental Assessment. September 2011. Archived from [https://www.epa.gov/ncea/efh/pdfs/efh-complete.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 05 June 2026</ref> Ba ba berekelang fa go leng mogote, ba tlhoka selekanyo sa di lithara di le lesome leborataro ka letsatsi.<ref name=":0" /> Batho ba ka nna di bilione di le pedi ga ba na metsi a a siametseng go nowa.<ref>[https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/drinking-water "Drinking-water"]. ''World Health Organization''. March 2018. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150605071028/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs391/en/ Archived] from the original on 5 June 2015. Retrieved 05 June 2026</ref> Metsi a ka nna le tse di bakang malwetsi ebile a baka dintsho le malwetsi lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>[https://news.un.org/en/story/2010/03/333182 "Unsafe water kills more people than war, Ban says on World Day"]. UN News. 22 March 2010. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180511014214/https://news.un.org/en/story/2010/03/333182-unsafe-water-kills-more-people-war-ban-says-world-day Archived] from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 05 June 2026</ref> Mafatshe a a tlhabologang a amiwa thata ke metsi a a sa siamelang go nowa.<ref>Gadgil, Ashok J. (1998). [https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev.energy.23.1.253 "Drinking Water in Developing Countries". ''Annual Review of Energy and the Environment''.] '''23''' (1). Annual Reviews: 253–286. <q>Unsafe drinking water remains a major issue in developing countries..</q></ref> == Metswedi ya metsi == [[Setshwantsho:E8661-Pattaya-water-vending-machines.jpg|thumb|Metšhine e e rekisang metsi a a nowang kwa Thailand. Lithara ya metsi e rekisiwa ka 1 baht.]] [[Setshwantsho:Water well types wiki.svg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa mefuta ya metsi a didiba]] Metsi a a nowang a teng mo mafelong a le mantsi a a nang le dipalopalo tsa batho mo lefatsheng ka bophara, le ntswa a ka tswa a tura, ebile metswedi e sa itekanela. Metswedi ya metsi e akaretsa melatswana le metsi a a kwa tlase ga lefatshe a a tswang mo go beeletseng metsi a pula, metsi a a mo godimo ga lefatshe (go tswa mo dinkoneg, melapo le dikgapetla) kgotsa metsi a lewatle a a ntshitsweng letswai. Gore metswedi e e kgone go nosa sentle mo go babablesegileng, e tshwanetse go amogela go alafiwa mo go lekaneng ga metsi le go emelela seelo sa metsi a a siametseng go nowa.<ref>Hall, Ellen L.; Dietrich, Andrea M. (2000). "[http://www.wrb.ri.gov/data_education/Education_Drinking_Water_History.pdf A Brief History of Drinking Water]." [https://web.archive.org/web/20150208023718/http://www.wrb.ri.gov/data_education/Education_Drinking_Water_History.pdf Archived] 8 February 2015 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] Washington: American Water Works Association. Product No. OPF-0051634, Accessed 05 June 2026</ref> Motswedi wa tekeletso ke wa motšhine o o gopang metsi mo phefong.<ref>Lord, Jackson; Thomas, Ashley; Treat, Neil; Forkin, Matthew; Bain, Robert; Dulac, Pierre; Behroozi, Cyrus H.; Mamutov, Tilek; Fongheiser, Jillia; Kobilansky, Nicole; Washburn, Shane; Truesdell, Claudia; Lee, Clare; Schmaelzle, Philipp H. (October 2021). [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8550973 "Global potential for harvesting drinking water from air using solar energy"]. ''Nature''. '''598''' (7882): 611–617. [[:en:Bibcode|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021Natur.598..611L :2021Natur.598..611L]. [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03900-w doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03900-w]. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1476-4687 1476-4687]. [[:en:PubMed_Central#PMCID|PMC]] [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8550973/ 8550973.] [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34707305/ 34707305.]</ref> Melatswana gantsi e dirisiwa e le metswedi ya metsi a a mo mabotlolong.<ref>Schardt, David (2000). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090516005745/http://www.cspinet.org/nah/water/ "Water, Water Everywhere".] Washington, D.C.: Center for Science in the Public Interest. Archived from [https://www.cspi.org/nah/water the original] on 16 May 2009.</ref> == Phatlalatso ya metsi == Tsela e e siameng ebile e tshwanetse go tsamaisa metsi a a nowang ke ka diphaepe. Go tsenya diphaepe go ka tlhoka madi a mantsi. Mafaratlhatlha mangwe a lopa madi a mantsi a go tsamaisa metsi. Madi a a tlhokafalang go baakanya mafaratlhatlha a metsi a ka lopa dibilone di le makgolo a mabedi ka ngwaga. Go dutla ga metsi a a sa tlhatswiwang le a a tlhatswitsweng mo diphaepeng go fokotsa kgonagalo ya go bona metsi. Go dutla ga bokete jwa 50% go tlwaelesegile mo mafaratlhatlheng a ditoropo.<ref>United Nations. World Water Assessment Programme (2009). "[https://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/wwdr/wwdr3-2009/downloads-wwdr3/ Water in a Changing World: Facts and Figures]." [https://web.archive.org/web/20120624080709/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/wwdr/wwdr3-2009/downloads-wwdr3 Archived] 24 June 2012 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] World Water Development Report 3. p. 58 Accessed 05 June 2026</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Water system.pdf|thumb|Setshwantsho se se tlhofofaditsweng sa mafarafatlha a phatlalatso ya metsi]] Metsi a pompo, a a tsisiwang ke mafaratlhatlha a selegae a raya metsi a a isiwang kwa malwapeng ka diphaepe go ya dipompong. == Selekanyo == === Tiriso mo matlong === Kwa [[USA|United States]], metsi a a nowang mo lolwapeng a selekanyo sa dilithara di le makgolo a mabedi, masome a marataro le bobedi ka letsatsi.<ref>Mayer, P.W.; DeOreo, W.B.; Opitz, E.M.; Kiefer, J.C.; Davis, W.Y.; Dziegielewski, B.; & Nelson, J.O., 1999. Residential End Uses of Water. AWWARF and AWWA, Denver.</ref><ref>William B. DeOreo, Peter Mayer, Benedykt Dziegielewski, Jack Kiefer. 2016. Residential End Uses of Water, Version 2. Water Research Foundation. Denver, Colorado.</ref> Mo go one ke 1% fela e e dirisiediwang go nowa le go apaya.<ref>Joseph Cotruvo, Victor Kimm, Arden Calvert. [https://www.epaalumni.org/hcp/drinkingwater.pdf "Drinking Water: A Half Century of Progress."] [https://www.epaalumni.org/hcp/drinkingwater.pdf Archived] 2020-07-31 at the [https://www.epaalumni.org/hcp/drinkingwater.pdf Wayback Machine] EPA Alumni Association. 1 March 2016.</ref> Ditiriso di akaretsa (go ya kwa tlase) matlwana a boithomelo, go tlhatswa, go tlhapa le a a dutlang. === Tiriso ya go nowa === [[Setshwantsho:Total Renewable Water Resources Per Capita (2020).svg|thumb|Metswedi ya metsi ka 2020]] Selekanyo sa letsati le letsatsi sa metsi a a nowang ke batho se a farologana.<ref>Ann C. Grandjean (August 2004). "[https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/nutrientschap3.pdf 3]" (PDF). ''Water Requirements, Impinging Factors, & Recommended Intakes''. World Health Organization. pp. 25–34. [https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/nutrientschap3.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 22 February 2016.This 2004 article focuses on the USA context and uses data collected from the US military.</ref> Go ya ka ditiro, dingwaga, botsogo le tikologo. Kwa [[USA|United States]], metsi a a nowang ke borre ba ba dingwaga di feta lesome le borobabobedi a ka nna dilithara di le nne ka letsatsi, fa di le tharo ka letsatsi di nowa ke bomme ba ba fetang lesome le borobabobedi; 80% o tswa mo dinong fa 20% a tswa mo dijong.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006174858/http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2004/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-Water-Potassium-Sodium-Chloride-and-Sulfate.aspx US daily reference intake values]". Iom.edu. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20111006174858/http://www.iom.edu/Reports/2004/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-Water-Potassium-Sodium-Chloride-and-Sulfate.aspx the original] on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 05 June 2026</ref> Lekgotla le le okametseng pabalesego ya dijo kwa Yuropa le laela dilithara di le pedi tsa metsi go nowa ke bomme fa borre bone ba tshwanetse go nwa di le pedi le sephatlo ka letsatsi.<ref>EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition, and Allergies (2010). [https://doi.wiley.com/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1459 "Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water"]. ''EFSA Journal''. '''8''' (3): 1459. [[Doi:|doi:]][https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1459 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1459].</ref> === Diphologolo === Selekanyo le bophepa jwa metsi a a nowang ke diphologolo tsa mo gae se sekasekiwa go lebeletswe dithuto tsa tlhokomelo ya diphologolo. Sekai, morui o ka rulaganyetsa kgomo ya maš di lithara di le lekgolo, masome a mararo ka letsatsi, boraro jwa seo e le jwa pitse, fa lesome e le la kolobe.<ref>[https://aermotorwindmill.com/pages/windmills-and-water-needs "Average Daily Water Needs".] ''Aermotor Windmill Company''. Retrieved 2026-05-06</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, ke dipatlisiso di se kae fela tse di itebagantseng le mokgwa wa go nwa metsi ga diphologolo tsa naga. == Boleng == [[Setshwantsho:Safe drink tap water map.png|thumb|Mafatshe a metsi a pompo a babalesegileng go nowa (botala jwa loapi)]] Go ya ka pego ya 2017 ya lekgotla la botsogo la mafatshefatshe, metsi a a siametseng go nowa ke metsi a a senang kgoagalo ya go baka bolwetse fa a nowa, go akaretsa go tlhoka go nna sentle mo go ka tlhagogang fa botshelo bo ntse bo tsweletse.<ref>[https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/254637/9789241549950-eng.pdf;jsessionid=DA6171D77279042976C951FA548B1900?sequence=1 Guidelines for Drinking‑water Quality] (PDF) (Report) (4 ed.). World Health Organization. 2017. p. 631. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-4-154995-0|978-92-4-154995-0]]</bdi>. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-4-154995-0|Archived]] from the original on 2021-11-02. Retrieved 2016-05-06</ref> Go ya ka pego ya UNICEF le UNESCO, lefatshe la [[Finland]] le na le metsi a a boleng jo bo kwa godimo go gaisa a mangwe mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref>[https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000129726_eng "WWDR1: Water for People – water for life"] (PDF). [[UNESCO]] and [[:en:Berghahn_Books|Berghahn Books]]. 2003. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170616003750/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001297/129726e.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 16 June 2017. Retrieved 05 June 2026</ref><ref>[https://www.turku.fi/en/news/2021-12-01_quality-water-produced-turku-region-water-rated-best-world-unesco "The quality of water produced by Turku Region Water is rated the best in the world by Unesco".] City of Turku. 1 December 2021. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220921173945/https://www.turku.fi/en/news/2021-12-01_quality-water-produced-turku-region-water-rated-best-world-unesco Archived] from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved 05 June 2026</ref> === Ditsela tsa go ela tlhoko boleng === Go ela tlhoko boleng jwa metsi a a nowang go wela mo methaleng e meraro: ditshidi, dikhemikhale le popego. == Metswedi == 8znzm2789h8f6uwoolrhh3lj10ae9pq 0 13317 50190 2026-06-05T11:06:35Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE TSENTSE TSEBE YA OTI RIVER 50190 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Oti''' kgotsa '''Noka ya Pendjari''' (French) ke noka ya boditšhabatšhaba mo Afrika Bophirima. E elela kwa Benin, e dira molelwane fa gare ga lefatshe la Benin le lefatshe la [[Burkina Faso]], e elela go ralala lefatshe [[Togo]], e bo e kopana le Noka ya Volta kwa lefatsheng la [[:en:Ghana|Ghana.]] == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == Noka ya Oti e boleele jwa dikilometara di le 520 (323 mi). Noka eno e tswa kwa Benin le Burkina Faso, e ralala Benin le Togo e bo e kopana le Noka ya Volta kwa Ghana. Metsi a a tswang mo lotshitshing lo lo kafa molemeng kwa Togo a tswa kwa Dithabeng Tsa Togo tse di kwa borwa. Nngwe ya dinoka tsa yone tsa botlhaba ke Noka ya Kara, e e kopanelang mo molelwaneng wa Ghana le Togo, koo noka e nngwe ya Koumongou e kopanelang teng go tswa kwa borwa. Molomo wa Oti e ne e le mo nokeng ya Volta, mme jaanong e elela mo letsheng la Volta kwa Ghana.<ref>Philip's (1994). ''Atlas of the World''. Reed International. p. 101. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-540-05831-9|0-540-05831-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Noka eno e kgabaganya karolo e e kwa bokone ya Togo mo mokgatšheng o o apesitsweng ke savannah o o bophara jwa dikilometara di le masome a mane (40) kgotsa masome a matlhano (50). Go bapa le dintshi tsa noka eno go na le sekgwa se se nang le metsi a mantsi se se nnang se nna le merwalela gangwe le gape. Nako ya komelelo fano e simolola mo e ka nnang ka Ngwanatsele go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Moranang , mme go foka phefo e e mogote e e omileng ya Harmattan e tswa kwa bokone. Ka nako eno ya ngwaga, noka eno ga e na metsi a mantsi. Oti le Koumongou di na le dipoa tsa merwalela, tse di bophara jwa dikilometara di le lesome(10) le di le nne (4) (6,2 le 2,5 mi), ka go latelana. Tseno di nna le merwalela e megolo ka paka ya dipula, mme ka paka ya komelelo di nna dipoa tse di omileng, tse di tletseng lerole, mme ka dinako tse dingwe go nna le lekadiba kana letsha mo go tsone. Ka paka ya komelelo, dikgomo di fula mo mafelong a a nang le merwalela. Gape go na le dijalo tse di jalwang ka selekanyo se se potlana, le go tsoma diphologolo tsa naga go diragala koo.<ref name=":0">Hughes, R.H. (1992). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA443 ''A Directory of African Wetlands''.] IUCN. pp. 443–447. ISBN <bdi>978-2-88032-949-5</bdi>.</ref> === Melelwane ya boditšhabatšhaba === Noka e bopa karolo ya melelwane ya boditšhabatšhaba magareng ga lefatshe la Ghana, lefatshe la Burkina Faso, lefatshe la Togo, le lefatshe la [[Benin]].<ref>[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm "Ghana - Rivers and Lakes"]. ''www.countrystudies.us''. Retrieved 2017-08-17</ref> === Dipaka === Noka ya Oti e elela go ralala Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Pendjari kwa lefatsheng la [[Benin]] <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170714032607/http://www.pendjari.net/en/ "Parc National de la Pendjari"]. Archived from the original on 14 July 2017. Retrieved 21 November 2016.</ref>le Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Oti-Kéran kwa lefatsheng la Togo.<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:Pendjari fluss.JPG|thumb|Oti River in Pendjari National Park in dry season; Benin left, Burkina Faso right[[Setshwantsho:Upper Oti OMS.png|thumb|Togo with the Oti River (north) and the Mono River (south)]]]] == Metswedi == <references /> 0byz5kqin302tfu7kcjgjxstnxd5thx 0 13318 50191 2026-06-05T11:11:17Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA ANKOBRA RIVER 50191 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Estuary of Ankobra River.JPG|thumb|'''Noka ya Ankobra''']] '''Noka ya Ankobra''' e kwa borwabophirima jwa [[Ghana]]. E simologa kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa Wiawso, e elela dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a robabongwe (120 mi) kwa borwa go ya kwa Kgogometsong ya Guinea, mme e tsena mo lewatleng dikilometara di le masome a marataro kwa bophirima jwa toropo ya Takoradi. <ref name=":0">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Rivers and Lakes]</ref> Gaufi le molomo wa yone go na le masalela a Fort Elize Carthago, lefelo la kgwebo la Ba-Dutch le le neng la latlhwa ka ngwaga 1711. Noka ya Ankobra e nosediwa ke Noka ya Nini. Dikepe tse dinnye di kgona go tsamaya dikilometara di le 80 (40 nmi; 50 mi) go ya kwa tengteng ga lefatshe, fa karolo e e kwa godimo e na le dinokana. Dikema di le mmalwa tsa motlakase wa metsi di ile tsa akantshiwa mo mafelong a a kwa godimo.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003), mercury le arsenic di ne tsa begwa mo kgaolong ya meepo ya gauta ya Ankobra River Basin. <ref>Bannerman, W.; Potin-Gautier, M.; Amoureux, D.; Tellier, S.; Rambaud, A.; Babut, M.; Adimado, A.; Beinhoff, C. (2003). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215898701 "Mercury and arsenic in the gold mining regions of the Ankobra River basin in Ghana"]. ''Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings)''. '''107''': 107–110. doi:10.1051/jp4:20030255.</ref><ref>Asare-Donkor, Noah Kyame; Adimado, Anthony Apeke (2016). [[doi:10.1186/s40068-016-0055-4|"Influence of mining related activities on levels of mercury in water, sediment and fish from the Ankobra and Tano River basins in South Western Ghana"]]. ''Environmental Systems Research''. '''5'''. doi:10.1186/s40068-016-0055-4.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Fort Ruijghaver 010.svg|thumb|Tsela e Noka ya Ankobra e elelang ka yone]] m9z4w6hkfdzl8xnwrbto8sf2xh5gl9n 50194 50191 2026-06-05T11:21:21Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE BAAKANTSE TSEBE YA ANKOBRA RIVER 50194 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Estuary of Ankobra River.JPG|thumb|'''Noka ya Ankobra''']] '''Noka ya Ankobra''' e kwa borwabophirima jwa [[Ghana]]. E simologa kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa Wiawso, e elela dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a robabongwe (120 mi) kwa borwa go ya kwa Kgogometsong ya Guinea, mme e tsena mo lewatleng dikilometara di le masome a marataro kwa bophirima jwa toropo ya Takoradi. <ref name=":0">[http://www.countrystudies.us/ghana/30.htm Rivers and Lakes]</ref> Gaufi le molomo wa yone go na le masalela a Fort Elize Carthago, lefelo la kgwebo la Ba-Dutch le le neng la latlhwa ka ngwaga 1711. Noka ya Ankobra e nosediwa ke Noka ya Nini. Dikepe tse dinnye di kgona go tsamaya dikilometara di le masome a boferabobedi (80) (40 nmi; 50 mi) go ya kwa tengteng ga lefatshe, fa karolo e e kwa godimo e na le dinokana. Dikema di le mmalwa tsa motlakase wa metsi di ile tsa akantshiwa mo mafelong a a kwa godimo.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003), mercury le arsenic di ne tsa begwa mo kgaolong ya meepo ya gauta ya Ankobra River Basin. <ref>Bannerman, W.; Potin-Gautier, M.; Amoureux, D.; Tellier, S.; Rambaud, A.; Babut, M.; Adimado, A.; Beinhoff, C. (2003). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/215898701 "Mercury and arsenic in the gold mining regions of the Ankobra River basin in Ghana"]. ''Journal de Physique IV (Proceedings)''. '''107''': 107–110. doi:10.1051/jp4:20030255.</ref><ref>Asare-Donkor, Noah Kyame; Adimado, Anthony Apeke (2016). [[doi:10.1186/s40068-016-0055-4|"Influence of mining related activities on levels of mercury in water, sediment and fish from the Ankobra and Tano River basins in South Western Ghana"]]. ''Environmental Systems Research''. '''5'''. doi:10.1186/s40068-016-0055-4.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Fort Ruijghaver 010.svg|thumb|Tsela e Noka ya Ankobra e elelang ka yone]] bujooxoqzh1u8v5a6z2izim5w33o135 0 13319 50193 2026-06-05T11:15:54Z JudithShe 9421 Ke dirile tsebe ya Lekadiba la Xau #AWC2026 50193 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lekadiba la Xau''' ke lekadiba le le le mo [[Botswana]] le ka dinako tse dingwe le a bong le kwakwaletse.<ref>Parry, David (1987). "Wildebeest (Connchaetes taurinus) Mortalities at Lake Xau, Botswana". ''Botswana Notes and Records''. '''19''': 95–101. [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40979793 40979793].</ref><ref>Okavango Research Institute (ORI) Library (19 March 2012). [http://flowhoorc.blogspot.com/2012/03/lake-xau-revived-by-professor-c.html "Flow : Information for Okavango Delta Planning: Lake Xau reviewed by Professor Cornelis Vanderpost".] ''Flow''. Retrieved 05 June 2026</ref> Le tshelwa ke [[noka ya Boteti]] le [[makgobokgobo a Okavango]].<ref>[http://birdlifebotswana.blogspot.com/2009/09/will-lake-xau-fill_22.html "Will Lake Xau fill?"]. ''BirdLife Botswana''. 22 October 2009.</ref> Lekadiba le le tlhalositswe fa e le lengwe la mafelo a a bokgola a a botlhokwa thata mo dinonyaneng tsa metsi mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182616/https://sgp.undp.org/spacial-itemid-projects-landing-page/spacial-itemid-project-search-results/spacial-itemid-project-detailpage.html?view=projectdetail&id=23415 "Lake Xau: conservation to enhance livelihoods".] ''The GEF Small Grants Programme''. Archived from [https://sgp.undp.org/spacial-itemid-projects-landing-page/spacial-itemid-project-search-results/spacial-itemid-project-detailpage.html?view=projectdetail&id=23415 the original] on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 05 June 2026</ref> == Metswedi == ou4sbwcxzopuh8zcb6cyjabo0hrbf4c 0 13320 50195 2026-06-05T11:35:56Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Matlabas #AWC2026 50195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Matlabas|image_name=Matlaba river - panoramio.jpg|image_map=Aforika Borwa|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]}} '''Noka ya Matlabas''' ke noka e e kwa kgaolong ya [[Kgaolo ya Limpopo|Limpopo,]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. E tshela no [[Limpopo River|nokeng ya Limpopo]]. Noka e, e nosa lefelo la selekanyo sa dikhilomithara di le dikete tse tharo, makgolo a mane, masome a mane le borobabobedi.<ref>[https://www.fao.org/4/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin]</ref> Lefelo lotlhe le le nosiwang ke noka e le kwa kgaolong ya mmasepala wa Waterberg. == Motswedi == Noka ya Matlabas e simolola kwa bophirima jwa Waterberg Massif kwa lefelong la itloso bodutu la Marakele.<ref>[http://www.marakelepark.co.za/parks.php?id=3 The Marakele Contractual National Park] [https://web.archive.org/web/20091015042955/http://www.marakelepark.co.za/parks.php?id=3 Archived] 2009-10-15 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> Fa e tswa mo dithabeng e elela kwa bokone-bophirima go fitlhelela e kopana le lotshitshi lo lo kwa mojeng lwa noka ya Limpopo. Le ntswa e le noka e e elelang ka dinako tsotlhe, noka ya Matlabas e laolwa ke dipaka, ka jalo go elela ga yone go a farologana.<ref>[http://www.metrogis.co.za/docs/WDEMF_Draft_EMF_Report_SectionA.pdf Waterberg District Environmental Management Network]</ref> E tshelwa ke noka ya Mamba.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA1Limpopo.jpg Limpopo WMA 1]</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * Drainage Basin A * [[Dinoka tsa kwa Aforika Borwa]] == Metswedi == njmapuaq2ribbe363u2n8tqwhdkwp0r 0 13321 50196 2026-06-05T11:47:54Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA GAMBIA RIVER 50196 wikitext text/x-wiki Noka ya Gambia (e e neng e itsege jaaka Noka ya Gambra, French: Fleuve Gambie, Portuguese: Rio Gâmbia) ke noka e tona mo Afrika Bophirima, e e tsamayang dikilometara di le 1,120 (700 mi) go tswa kwa Fouta Djallon Plateau kwa bokone jwa Guinea go ya kwa bophirima go ralala [[Senegal|Senega]]<nowiki/>l le Gambia go ya kwa Lewatleng la Atlantic kwa toropong ya Banjul. E kgona go tsamaisiwa selekanyo sa sephatlo sa boleele joo. [[Setshwantsho:River gambia Niokolokoba National Park.gif|thumb|Noka ya Gambia kwa Niokolo-Koba National Park]] Noka eno e amanngwa thata le Gambia, e leng lefatshe le lennye go a feta otlhe mo Afrika, e e nnang mo karolong e e kwa tlase ya noka eno le mo matshitshing a yone a mabedi. == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == [[Setshwantsho:Gambiarivermap.png|thumb|Moalo wa noka ya Gambia]] Noka ya Gambia e na le boleele jwa dikilometara di le 1120. Go tswa kwa Fouta Djallon, e elela kwa bokone bophirima go ya kwa Kgaolong ya Tambacounda ya Senegal, koo e elelang go ralala Parc National du Niokolo Koba, e bo e kopanngwa ke Nieri Ko le [[Koulountou]] [fr] mme e feta ka [[Barrakunda Falls]] pele e tsena kwa Gambia kwa Koina. Mo ntlheng eno, noka e elela go ya kwa bophirima, mme e elela mo tseleng e e itsoketsang e na le palo ya dikgomo tse di itsoketsang, mme dikilometara di le lekgolo (62 mi) go tswa mo molomong wa yone e atologa ka iketlo, go ya go dikilometara tse di fetang lesome (6.2 mi) bophara kwa e kopanang le lewatle. === Ditsela tse di kgabaganyang === Go na le marogo a le mmalwa a a kgabaganyang noka eno. Borogo jwa Senegambia ke jone jo botona le jo bo kgakalakgakala go feta jo bo fa gare ga ditoropo tsa [[Farafenni]] le [[Soma]] kwa Gambia. E ne ya bulwa ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka kgwedi ya 2019, e golaganya dikarolo tsa tsela e kgolo ya Trans-Gambia mo lotshitshing lwa bokone le borwa jwa noka. Gape e dira gore go nne le tsela e e bonako e dikolotsana tsa kwa Senegal di yang kwa porofenseng e e kwa thoko ya Casamance le e e tswang kwa go yone. Borogo jono bo boleele jwa dikilometara di le 1,9 mme bo emisetsa sekepe se se neng se sa ikanyege sa go rwala dikoloi. Go na le dituelo tse di duelwang fa dikoloi di kgabaganya mo tseleng. Go na gape le marogo kwa Upper River Region ya Gambia kwa Basse Santa Su le Fatoto a a bulwang ka kgwedi ya Phalane, ngwaga wa 2021,<ref name=":0">Ma, Jianchun (13 Oct 2021). [https://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/opinion/commentary-building-the-friendship-bridges-towards-a-shared-future-of-china-and-the-gambia "Building the Friendship Bridges towards a Shared Future of China and The Gambia"]. The Point. Retrieved 3 August 2022.</ref> mmogo le borogo kwa Senegal kwa Gouloumbou. Go kgabaganya go go setseng go dirwa ka mokoro, go akaretsa le go kgabaganya ga ntlha magareng ga [[Banjul]] le Barra kwa molomong wa noka, kgotsa ka mokoro o monnye.<ref name=":0" /> 2saugj6edcvze8edp1db4yici6l36sz 0 13322 50197 2026-06-05T11:48:28Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Ngotwane 50197 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Ngotwane''' ke letamo le le ikepetsweng le le kwa [[Noka ya Notwane|nokeng ya Notwane,]] gaufi le Lobathleng, kwa [[Bokone Bophirima|Bokone-Bophirima]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le agilwe ka 1982, le agelwa go nosetsa. Borai jwa letamo le go supilwe fa bo le kwa godimo thata. == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Matangwana le matamo kwa Aforika Borwa]] * [[Dinoka tsa kwa Aforika Borwa]] == Metswedi == tmeaw8uuvbo5vpn9vx0qqropbt3gk5d 0 13323 50198 2026-06-05T11:57:16Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE TSENTSE TSEBE YA RUFIJI RIVER 50198 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Rufiji''' e mo Tanzania yotlhe. Ke noka e kgolo ebile e le telele go di feta tsotlhe mo nageng eno, e bopilwe ke go kopana ga noka ya Kilombero le ya Luwegu. E boleele jwa dikilometara di ka nna makgolo a marataro (600), e na le motswedi kwa borwabophirima jwa Tanzania, e felela kwa Lewatleng la India, go bapa le Setlhaketlhake sa Mafia, kwa Kgaolong ya Pwani. Noka ya yone e kgolo ke Noka e Kgolo ya Ruaha. E kgona go tsamaya ka dikepe mo sekgaleng sa dikilometara di le lekgolo (100). Noka ya Rufiji e bokgakala jwa 200 kilometres (120 mi) kwa borwa jwa Dar es Salaam. Delta ya noka e na le sekgwa se segolo go gaisa sa mangrove mo botlhaba jwa Afrika.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140821041140/http://bscw-app1.let.ethz.ch/pub/nj_bscw.cgi/d11576989/Snoussi_2007_Downstream_and.pdf ""Downstream and Coastal Impacts of Damming and Water Abstraction in Africa", ''Environmental Management'', authored by Maria Snoussi, Johnson Kitheka, Yohanna Shaghude, Alioune Kane, Russell Arthurton, Martin Le Tissier, and Hassan Virji, 2007, volume 39, page 589"] (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-21. Retrieved 2015-10-18</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Rufiji River Selous Game Reserve.jpg|thumb|Rufiji River]] == Hisitori == Lekala la ditsela tsa bogologolo tsa lewatle le ne le lebile kwa tlase kwa lotshitshing lwa Afrika Botlhaba le le neng le bidiwa "Azania" ke Bagerika le Baroma ka lekgolo la ntlha la dingwaga CE jaaka go tlhalositswe mo Periplus ya Lewatle la Erythraean (mme, go ka direga thata, Chinese: 澤散 ka lekgolo la boraro la dingwaga ke Ba-China),<ref>[http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/weilue/weilue.html "The Peoples of the West".] ''from the Weilue 魏略 by Yu Huan 魚豢''. Translated by Hill, John E. University of Washington. September 2004. Retrieved 2009-04-18.</ref>bobotlana go fitlha kwa boemakepeng jo bo neng bo itsiwe ke Baroma e le Rhapta, jo gongwe bo neng bo le mo delta ya Noka ya Rufiji kwa [[Tanzania]] ya segompieno.<ref>"The Egypto-Graeco-Romans and Panchea/Azania: sailing in the Erythraean Sea." Felix A. Chami. In: ''Society for Arabian Studies Monographs 2 Trade and Travel in the Red Sea Region''. Proceedings of Red Sea Project I held in the British Museum October 2002, pp. 93-104. Edited by Paul Lunde and Alexandra Porter. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/1-84171-622-7|<bdi>1-84171-622-7</bdi>.]]</ref> Ka nako ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya Ntlha, go tloga ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa 1914 go ya go kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 1915, noka eno e ne ya tlhaselwa ka lobaka lo loleele ke masole a lewatle. Tseno e ne e le maiteko, mme moragonyana a ne a atlega, a Royal Navy a go fedisa le go senya sekepe sa ntwa sa Jeremane sa Königsberg. == Porojeke ya Motlakase wa Metsi == Setlhogo sa konokono: Julius Nyerere Hydropower Station Tautona wa Tanzania John Magufuli o dumetse go agiwa ga letamo le le belaetsang <ref>Hoag, Heather J.; Öhman, May-Britt (2008). [https://repository.usfca.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=hist "Turning water into power: Debates over the Development of Tanzania's Rufiji River Basin, 1945-1985"]. ''Technology and Culture''. '''49''' (3): 624–651. doi:10.1353/tech.0.0061. <nowiki>PMID 18831291</nowiki>. S2CID 27222691.</ref><ref>Siderius, Christian; et al. (2021). "Chapter 6: High Stakes Decisions Under Uncertainty: Dams, Development and Climate Change in the Rufiji River Basin". In Conway, Declan; Vincent, Katharine (eds.). ''[https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/46818/2021_Book_ClimateRiskInAfrica.pdf?sequence=1#page=114 Climate Risk in Africa: Adaptation and Resilience]'' (PDF). Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillian. pp. 93–113. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-61160-6_6. ISBN <bdi>978-3-030-61159-0</bdi>. S2CID 234340454.</ref>le la motlakase mo nokeng kwa Stiegler's Gorge.<ref>[https://www.voanews.com/a/africa_tanzania-construct-hydropower-plant-national-reserve/6172693.html "Tanzania to Construct Hydropower Plant on National Reserve"]. ''Voice of America''. July 26, 2019.</ref>Seteišene sa motlakase se solofetswe go tlamela dimekawate di le 2,100 tsa motlakase, go feta maatla a metsi a a leng teng a Tanzania a dimekawate di le 562. Go agiwa ga letamo le go simolotse ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le masome a mabedi le borataro (26),ka ngwaga wa 2019, mme go solofetswe gore le tla bo le setse le agilwe ka ngwaga wa 2022.<ref>Takouleu, Jean Marie (24 July 2019). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/tanzania-stieglers-gorge-dam-construction-begins-on-july-26/ "Stiegler's Gorge dam construction begins on July 26".] Afrik 21. Archived from the original on 25 July 2019.</ref> == Metswedi == <references /> f04d32ykud9ld3eqwspp3613mzcyt7a