Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.5 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2293 50343 47945 2026-06-09T01:56:39Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Botswana Place|BotswanaMap={{Location map|Botswana |width = 240 |float = none |lat_deg = -20.49 |lon_deg = 27.03 }}|District=Legare|image=Tutume, Botswana - panoramio (2).jpg|Population=18,582 (2022)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Population and Housing Census 2022:Population of Cities, Town and Villages|url=https://www.statsbots.org.bw/sites/default/files/publications/Population%20of%20Cities%20Towns%20and%20Villages%20%202022.pdf|website=Statistics Botswana|date=2022}}</ref>}} '''Tutume''' ke motse mogolo wa [[Bakalaka]], o mo kgaolong ya legare la Botswana. O dikhilomethara tse masome a matlhano go tswa kwa molelwaneng wa [[Zimbabwe]] kwa [[Maitengwe]]. Toropo e e gaufi ke ya Francistown, e e ka tswang e le dikhilomethara tse di lekgolo.Motse o ke ntlokgolo ya kgaolo mme o na le batho ba le 23 000. O kgaogantswe ka dikgotla ebong: Sitabule (Madikwe), Tjilagwani (Selolwane), Thini, le Madandume (Magapatona). Mo kgotleng nngwe le nngwe, go na le mogolwane le bagakolodi ba gagwe. Kgotla kgolo e mo kgaolong ya Madikwe gaufi le sekole se sebotlana sa Tutume Central. Motse o ne wa tewa leina la [[noka ya Tutume]]; kwa Kalanga ba tlaa re "gwizi go Tutuma", go raya gore noka e ne e penologa. Go nale dikolo tse dikgolwane di le pedi sa, [[Denjebuya]] le sa [[Pandagala]], le se segolwane sa [[Tutume McConnell College]]. Se selekanyo sa dikhilomethara tse masome a marataro go tswa ko Domboshaba <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.botswana-info.com/country/town/918/tutume|title=Motse wa Tutume|access-date=2022-08-05|archive-date=2022-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220805160234/https://www.botswana-info.com/country/town/918/tutume|url-status=dead}}</ref>. Motse wa Tutume ke one lefelo la tsamaiso la metse yotlhe le mafelo a bodulo mo kgaolong ya Kgaolo. Motse o o na le seteishene sa mapodisi, kokelo e e potlana, kokelo ya Kgaolo, lephata la bofaladi, Khansele ya Kgaolo, Boto ya Papatso ya Temothuo ya Botswana, Koporasi ya Ditirelo tsa Metsi, Koporasi ya Motlakase ya Botswana, lephata la kwadiso ya baagi, lefelo la tsamaiso ya metseselegae (khansele ya selegae), poso, mabentlele a le mane le mafelo a tirelo ya marobalo le dijo tsa mo mosong. Motse o o, dira jaaka sekhurumelo sa dikgotla tse di farologaneng tsa BaKalanga tse botlhe e leng ba morafe wa Wumbe. Pele ga Tutume a tlhabololwa, batho ba ne ba nna kwa masimong a bone le kwa merakeng ka ntlha ya lefatshe le le nonneng la kgarebane . Batho ba ne ba ikgantsha ka botswerere jwa go lema le go rua diphologolo. Batho ba kgaolo le bone ba ipelafatsa ka hisitori ya bone le ngwao le puo ya bone jaaka go bonwa letsatsi le letsatsi ka fa ba tshelang ka teng, ngwao ya bone gammogo le maina a ba nang le one mme ba tswelela go a naya bana ba bone go fitlha gompieno a otlhe a leng ka loleme lwa bone lwa Kalanga. == Batho ba ba tlhomologileng == * [[Isaac Makwala]] (yo o tshotsweng ka 1985), motabogi wa Botswana * [[Kemmy Pilato]] (o tshotswe ka 1989), motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao wa Botswana ==Ditshupo tsa ngwaga== [[Setshwantsho:Ambulances parked in the hospital.jpg|thumb|Ambulances ko Tutume]] Motse o o nale modiro wa ngwaga le ngwaga o mo go one banni ba motse ba kokoanang go supa botlhakga jwa bone. Se se dirwa ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga mongwe le mongwe; Go kokoana ga bone go ba fa tshono ya go itshupa ka bina mmino wa sekalaka ebong Ndazola. Ka nako ya fa thobo e le ee nametsang balemi le barui ba tlisa se ba se robileng mo ngwageng. Ba ba inakantseng le tsa botlaki ba tlisa tsa bone mme ba fiwe maano a go ka rekisa dilo tsa bone. [[File:Matt in Tutume.jpg|thumbnail|100px|left|Matt in Tutume]] ==Bokhutlo== Tutume ke motse oo golelang pele mo ebileng dithabolo di dirwang go thusa banni ba koo ka ditamelo tsa botlhokwa jaaka dikokelwana,madirelo le tse dingwe.Banni ba Tutume ba dumela mo go thusaneng ka ba itse go tlisa maduo aa nametsang. ==Metswedi== {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Kgaolo ya Legare (Botswana)]] [[Karolo:Metse mo Botswana]] [[Karolo:Metse e e mo Botswana]] kg4tcx3to9ri4gwiggvdg5xcg9qycl2 0 8830 50368 31880 2026-06-09T09:53:05Z VNGao 10152 50368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=NILE|image_name=[[File:Cairo skyline, Panoramic view, Egypt.jpg|thumb|Cairo skyline, Panoramic view, Egypt]]|caption=Nile in Cairo, Egypt|image_map=[[File:River Nile map.svg|thumb|River Nile map]]|basin_countries=Egypt, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi}} '''Noka ya [[Nile]]''' ke [[:en:River|noka]] e kgolo e e elelang gotswa kwa bokone go tsena mo bokonebotlhaba jwa [[:en:Africa|Aforika]], mme elelela kana e tshololela metsi a yone mo [[:en:Mediterranean_Sea|Lewatleng la Mediterranean]]. Ka bolele jwa dikete di supa le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi a dikilometara ( 7,088)km, noka ya Nile ke yone noka e [[:en:List_of_river_systems_by_length|telele go gaisa mo lefatsheng]] le fa ntswa [[:en:List_of_rivers_by_discharge|metsi a yone a tsewa ale kwa tlase fa go tshwantshanngwa le dinoka tse ditona]] jaaka [[:en:Amazon_River|Amazon]] le [[:en:Congo_River|Congo]]. Noka ya Nile e nnile botlhokwa thata mo dingwageng tse di sedikadike mo Aforika go lebelwe tsa tikologo le ngwao. Noka ya Nile e tlatswa kana tshelwa ke [[:en:Tributary|metswedi]] ele mebedi ebong [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]] le [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]]. White Nile e telele mme ebile e tsewang jaaka [[:en:River_source|kgopu ya tshimologo ya metsi a mantsi,]] lefa ntswa Blue Nile e tshela selekanyo sa White Nile go menagane gabedi. White Nile e simologa go bapa le [[:en:Lake_Victoria|lekadiba la Victoria]] ( lake Victoria) mme e elela go ralala mafatshe a Uganda le South Sudan, fa Blue Nile yone e simologa go bapa le [[:en:Lake_Tana|lekadiba la Tana]]( lake Tana) mo Ethiopia mme e elela go tsena mo lefatsheng la South Sudan gotswa kafa borwa botlhaba. Noka tse pedi tse di kopanela mo toropo kgolo ya Sudan ebong [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]]. Go tswa foo noka e ya Nile e ralala [[:en:Nubian_Desert|sekaka sa Nubian]] (Nubian Dessert) go tsena mo motse mogolo wa Egepeto ebong [[:en:Cairo|Cairo]], mme e kgwele kana e tshololele metsi a yone mo lewatleng la Mediterranean ( Mediterranean Sea) go bapa le [[:en:Alexandria|Alexandria]] foo e dirileng [[:en:Nile_Delta|setlhaketlhake kana makgobokgobo a matona.]] 5lrzz5038fzwlazaod95wxan74er940 0 8932 50335 50258 2026-06-08T17:59:25Z VNGao 10152 /* Metswedi */ 50335 wikitext text/x-wiki == Letamo La Gaborone == [[Setshwantsho:Gaborone Dam 1.jpg|thumb|Letamo la Gaborone ]] '''[[:en:Gaborone_Dam|Letamo la Gaborone]]''' ke letamo le le mo [[:en:Notwane_River|nokeng ya Notwane]] ya selekanyo sa dimmithara tse di 141,100,000 (4.89*109 cu ft) mo lefatsheng la [[Botswana]].<ref> [[Central Statistics Office 2009, p. 3.]]</ref>Letamo le, le okametswe ke kompone e kgolo ya [[:en:Water_Utilities_Corporation|Water Utilities]] e ,eleng yone e nosang toropo kgolo ya [[Gaborone]] .<ref>[["Corporate Profile". WUC. Retrieved 20 September 2012.]]</ref> == Lefelo == Letamo la Gaborone le mo borwa jwa Gaborone go iphaphatha ka tsela ya [[Gaborone]] -[[Lobatse]] mme ebile ke lone lefang mafelo a ka bobedi metsi.<ref> [[Central Statistics Office 2009.]]</ref>Letamo le le ikadile mo selekanyong sa bophara jwa dikilometara dile makgolo mabedi, masome a mabedi le botlhano go menagane (225sq mtrs), mme le kgadisiwa ke noka ya Notwane,[[:en:Taung|Taung]], [[Metsimaswaane]] le [[Nnywane]]. Magareng ga dingwaga tsa 1970 le 2000 selekanyo sa metsi a pula aa neng a tsena mo letamong le ene ele magareng ga makgolo a mane le botlhano(450mm) le makgolo a matlhano le botlhano(550mm). Selekanyo sa mogote se magareng ga lesome (10°C) ka nako ya mariga le masome a mararo le bosupa ka nako ya selemo(37°C). Selekanyo sa metsi aa latlhegang a tsewa ke [[:en:Evapotranspiration|phefo ee molelo]] ke sekete le makgolo a mane(1,400mm) ka ngwaga. == Tlhaloso == Kago ya letamo le e simologile ka ngwaga wa 1963, e tsaa metsi mo letamong la Notwane , ka nako eo tlhabololo ya toropo ya Gaborone ene ele mo paakanyetsong. Letamo le, le agilweng ka go epiwa le feditswe ka ngwaga wa 1964. Mme ene yare ka nako ya pula tsa ngwaga wa 1965 go tsena ka 1966 letamo le la tlala go penologa. Magare ga dingwaga tsa 1983 le 1985 letamo le lene la okediwa kwa godimo ka selekanyo sa dimithara di supa go oketsa selekanyo sa go tshwara metsi, se se dira gore le nne le boleele jwa dimithara dile masome a mabedi le botlhano(25m) goya kwa godimo, fa bophara ele dikilometara dile dikete dile tharo le masome a marataro (3.6 km). Go godisa letamo le go ne go tshwanetse go dirwa ka manontlhotlho go itsa go dutla ga lebota fa le neng le felela teng pele go tsena kwa le godisetswang teng. Bontsi jwa matangwana aa bolegetseng kwa ntle a boteng jwa selekanyo sa dimithara di le tharo. Tshoboko ya letamo le fa le tletse ke selekanyo sa dikilometara dile lesome le botlhano go menagane. Letamo la Gaborone ene ele lone letamo le letona mo Botswana go fitlhela [[Letamo la Dikgatlhong|letamo la dikgatlhong]] le fela ka ngwaga wa 2011. == Dikgang tse di tsogileng morago gago bulwa ga letamo == Morago ga pulo semmuso ya letamo le , metsi aa neng a tletse ane a simologa go fokotsega. Lengwe la mabaka a kolotlase kana phokotsego e, ene ele phetogo ya dipaka kana kafa pula e nang ka teng, se se fokotsa metsi aa tsenang mo nkgong ya metsi, mme go oketsega ditlamorago tse di bakwang ke metsi aa latlhwang ke mowa oo omileng mo tikologong ka ntlha ya kgotlelesego ya seemo sa loapi. Mo gongwe ene ele kgolo ya batho mo toropong mo go neng go baka tiriso e ntsi ya metsi jaaka batho bane ba dirisa metsi mo matangwaneng a metsi ago itimola mogote( swimming pool) le go tlhatswa dikoloi. Mafelo a ngwaga wa ketepedi le bobedi (2002), selekanyo sa metsi aa mo letamong ene ele masome a supa le borobabongwe (79%), mme kwa tshimologong ya ngwaga wa ketepedi le bone(2004) metsi a ne a le selekanyo sa masome a matlhano le bone(54%). Mme ene yare mafelong a ngwaga wa 2004 selekanyo sa metsi mo letamong ya bo ele diperesente fela di le masome a mabedi le bosupa(17%) seo seileng sa pateletsa goromete gotla ka ditsela tse di gagametseng ka ga tiroso ya metsi. Mme ene yare ka ngwaga wa ketepedi le botlhano, kgwedi ya Lwetse metsi a bo a wetse kwa tlase thata, diperesente dile lesome le bosupa fela (17%) kana masome a mararo le bone a dilitara(34l) tse di sielwang motho ale nosi mo Gabrone. == Tiriso ya Letamo == Letamo le setse le dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la itlosoboduto. Phelelo ya letamo le Goya kafa bokone, le akanyediwa go dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la itlosoboduto le le bidiwang The Water Front .Gona le fa go tsamaya mekoro teng fa go bidiwang Gaborone [[:en:Yacht_club|Yacht Club]], mo bokone jwa lecha. Mo bofelong jwa lecha kafa borwa gona le Kalahari Fishing Club le lefelo la morafe le le bidiwang City Scapes. Mo City Scapes gona le mafelo a bojanala, mabala a metshameko le mekoro. Letamo le tlwaelesegile ka [[:en:Birdwatching|batho baba ratang go lebelela dinonyane]], go [[:en:Fishing|itlosa bodutu kago tshwara ditlhapi]] le [[:en:Windsurfing|windsurfers]] Lefa gontse jalo gagona, ditirelo tsa go thuma kana go shapa ka ntlha ya dikwena le parasitic [[:en:Schistosoma|bilharzias]] eo eka tlisang kana ya baka bolwetsi jo bo maswe jwa [[:en:Schistosomiasis|schistosomiasis]]. == Ditshwantsho == <gallery> Setshwantsho:Gaborone Dam 1.jpg|alt=Gaborone 1 Setshwantsho:Gaborone, Botswana.jpg Setshwantsho:GaberoneAerial.jpg </gallery> == Metswedi == 97hhkv2r8gyzjshljfr0xpkc77lq48z 50337 50335 2026-06-08T18:14:38Z VNGao 10152 50337 wikitext text/x-wiki == Letamo La Gaborone == [[Setshwantsho:Gaborone Dam 1.jpg|thumb|Letamo la Gaborone ]] '''[[:en:Gaborone_Dam|Letamo la Gaborone]]''' ke letamo le le mo [[:en:Notwane_River|nokeng ya Notwane]] ya selekanyo sa dimmithara tse di 141,100,000 (4.89*109 cu ft) mo lefatsheng la [[Botswana]].<ref> [[Central Statistics Office 2009, p. 3.]]</ref>Letamo le, le okametswe ke kompone e kgolo ya [[:en:Water_Utilities_Corporation|Water Utilities]] e ,eleng yone e nosang toropo kgolo ya [[Gaborone]] .<ref>[["Corporate Profile". WUC. Retrieved 20 September 2012.]]</ref> == Lefelo == Letamo la Gaborone le mo borwa jwa Gaborone go iphaphatha ka tsela ya [[Gaborone]] -[[Lobatse]] mme ebile ke lone lefang mafelo a ka bobedi metsi.<ref> [[Central Statistics Office 2009.]]</ref>Letamo le le ikadile mo selekanyong sa bophara jwa dikilometara dile makgolo mabedi, masome a mabedi le botlhano go menagane (225sq mtrs), mme le kgadisiwa ke noka ya Notwane,[[:en:Taung|Taung]], [[Metsimaswaane]] le [[Nnywane]]. Magareng ga dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa (1970) le ketepedi (2000) selekanyo sa metsi a pula aa neng a tsena mo letamong le ene ele magareng ga makgolo a mane le botlhano(450mm) le makgolo a matlhano le botlhano(550mm). Selekanyo sa mogote se magareng ga lesome (10°C) ka nako ya mariga le masome a mararo le bosupa ka nako ya selemo(37°C). Selekanyo sa metsi aa latlhegang a tsewa ke [[:en:Evapotranspiration|phefo ee molelo]] ke sekete le makgolo a mane(1,400mm) ka ngwaga. == Tlhaloso == Kago ya letamo le e simologile ka ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le boraro (1963), e tsaa metsi mo letamong la Notwane , ka nako eo tlhabololo ya toropo ya Gaborone ene ele mo paakanyetsong. Letamo le, le agilweng ka go epiwa le feditswe ka ngwaga wa 1964. Mme ene yare ka nako ya pula tsa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le botlhano (1965) go tsena ka 1966 letamo le la tlala go penologa. Magare ga dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le boraro (1983 ) e sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1985) letamo le lene la okediwa kwa godimo ka selekanyo sa dimithara di supa go oketsa selekanyo sa go tshwara metsi, se se dira gore le nne le boleele jwa dimithara dile masome a mabedi le botlhano(25m) goya kwa godimo, fa bophara ele dikilometara dile dikete dile tharo le masome a marataro (3.6 km). Go godisa letamo le go ne go tshwanetse go dirwa ka manontlhotlho go itsa go dutla ga lebota fa le neng le felela teng pele go tsena kwa le godisetswang teng. Bontsi jwa matangwana aa bolegetseng kwa ntle a boteng jwa selekanyo sa dimithara di le tharo. Tshoboko ya letamo le fa le tletse ke selekanyo sa dikilometara dile lesome le botlhano go menagane. Letamo la Gaborone ene ele lone letamo le letona mo Botswana go fitlhela [[Letamo la Dikgatlhong|letamo la dikgatlhong]] le fela ka ngwaga wa ketepedi lesome le motso (2011.) == Dikgang tse di tsogileng morago gago bulwa ga letamo == Morago ga pulo semmuso ya letamo le , metsi aa neng a tletse ane a simologa go fokotsega. Lengwe la mabaka a kolotlase kana phokotsego e, ene ele phetogo ya dipaka kana kafa pula e nang ka teng, se se fokotsa metsi aa tsenang mo nkgong ya metsi, mme go oketsega ditlamorago tse di bakwang ke metsi aa latlhwang ke mowa oo omileng mo tikologong ka ntlha ya kgotlelesego ya seemo sa loapi. Mo gongwe ene ele kgolo ya batho mo toropong mo go neng go baka tiriso e ntsi ya metsi jaaka batho bane ba dirisa metsi mo matangwaneng a metsi ago itimola mogote( swimming pool) le go tlhatswa dikoloi. Mafelo a ngwaga wa ketepedi le bobedi (2002), selekanyo sa metsi aa mo letamong ene ele masome a supa le borobabongwe (79%), mme kwa tshimologong ya ngwaga wa ketepedi le bone(2004) metsi a ne a le selekanyo sa masome a matlhano le bone(54%). Mme ene yare mafelong a ngwaga wa 2004 selekanyo sa metsi mo letamong ya bo ele diperesente fela di le masome a mabedi le bosupa(17%) seo seileng sa pateletsa goromete gotla ka ditsela tse di gagametseng ka ga tiroso ya metsi. Mme ene yare ka ngwaga wa ketepedi le botlhano, kgwedi ya Lwetse metsi a bo a wetse kwa tlase thata, diperesente dile lesome le bosupa fela (17%) kana masome a mararo le bone a dilitara(34l) tse di sielwang motho ale nosi mo Gabrone. == Tiriso ya Letamo == Letamo le setse le dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la itlosoboduto. Phelelo ya letamo le Goya kafa bokone, le akanyediwa go dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la itlosoboduto le le bidiwang The Water Front .Gona le fa go tsamaya mekoro teng fa go bidiwang Gaborone [[:en:Yacht_club|Yacht Club]], mo bokone jwa lecha. Mo bofelong jwa lecha kafa borwa gona le Kalahari Fishing Club le lefelo la morafe le le bidiwang City Scapes. Mo City Scapes gona le mafelo a bojanala, mabala a metshameko le mekoro. Letamo le tlwaelesegile ka [[:en:Birdwatching|batho baba ratang go lebelela dinonyane]], go [[:en:Fishing|itlosa bodutu kago tshwara ditlhapi]] le [[:en:Windsurfing|windsurfers]] Lefa gontse jalo gagona, ditirelo tsa go thuma kana go shapa ka ntlha ya dikwena le parasitic [[:en:Schistosoma|bilharzias]] eo eka tlisang kana ya baka bolwetsi jo bo maswe jwa [[:en:Schistosomiasis|schistosomiasis]]. == Ditshwantsho == <gallery> Setshwantsho:Gaborone Dam 1.jpg|alt=Gaborone 1 Setshwantsho:Gaborone, Botswana.jpg Setshwantsho:GaberoneAerial.jpg </gallery> == Metswedi == tvzva8oouwantsk0ls01j2fn1vw9hs2 0 8947 50341 32553 2026-06-09T00:45:57Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50341 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Theo Baloyi''' ke mogwebi gotswa Afrika Borwa, mme ebile ke mosimolodi le mookamedi wa ditlhako tsa Bathu.<ref>https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/s-mag/2020-11-25-5-minutes-with-bathu-founder-theo-baloyi/. ''SowetanLIVE''. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</ref> O simolotse letshwao la ditlhako tsa gagwe ka ngwaga wa 2015, morago ga go direla kwa komponing ya [[:en:PwC|PwC]] kwa Dubai ele motlhakanedi yo mogolo.<ref>https://mg.co.za/news/2021-12-11-qa-sessions-i-am-a-product-of-opportunities-theo-baloyi/. ''The Mail & Guardian''. 11 December 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</ref><ref>[https://twitter.com/theo_baloyi01/status/1443238473910075396 Theo Baloyi on Twitter: I worked at PwC for 5 years"]. ''Twitter''. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</ref> O ne a tlhagelela mo lenaaneng la [[:en:Forbes|Forbes]] [[:en:Forbes_30_Under_30|ba ba ka fa tlase ga dingwaga di le masome a mararo]] ka ngwaga wa 2019.<ref>[https://www.forbesafrica.com/under-30/2019/07/01/30under30-business-category-2019/ #30Under30: Business Category 2019"]. ''Forbes Africa''. 1 July 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</ref><ref>Staff Reporter. [https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/economy/forbes-africa-announces-30-under-30-list-for-2019-27882556 "Forbes Africa announces 30 Under 30 list for 2019"]. ''www.iol.co.za''. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</ref>E rile ka ngwaga wa 2021, o ne a fenya go nna moeteledipele wa kgwebo ya [[:en:GQ|GQ]] , go fitlhela ngwaga o hela. <ref>[https://www.gq.co.za/more/men-of-the-year/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-2021-gq-men-of-the-year-awards-winners-379e4bc6-0374-46d9-9033-ba8ae4521e43 Everything you need to know about the 2021 GQ Men of The Year Awards Winners"]. ''www.gq.co.za''. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</ref><ref>[https://startupmag.co.za/2021/11/entrepreneur-theo-baloyi-wins-gq-business-leader-of-the-year-award-at-the-men-of-the-year-awards-2021/ Entrepreneur Theo Baloyi Wins GQ Business Leader Of The Year Award At The Men Of The Year Awards 2021"]. ''StartUp Magazine South Africa''. 29 November 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</ref> == Tshimologo ya Botshelo == Baloyi o tsholetswe le go godisetswa kwa [[Hammanskraal]], mo [[Gauteng]], kwa a ne a golela teng.<ref>Tau, Poloko. [https://www.news24.com/citypress/trending/bathus-footprint-among-africas-top-10-most-admired-brands-20210604 "Bathu's footprint among Africa's top 10 most admired brands]". ''Citypress''. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</ref> Rraagwe, eleng Solly Baloyi, o ne a tlogela tiro ya gagwe ya booki go nna morekisi wa dithoto mme a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 2014, mmagwe ke ene Tshidi Baloyi, o na le kgaitsadie yo o bidiwang Goitsimang Baloyi.<ref>Ngwadla, Nkosazana. [https://www.snl24.com/drum/Inspiration/hitting-his-stride-20190628 "Entrepreneur Theo Baloyi on making over R18m selling sneakers".] ''Drum''. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</ref> Baloyi o ne a tsena sekolo se se potlana sa Shalom , morago ga moo o ne a kwadisiwa kwa sekolong se segolwane. E rile ka ngwaga wa 2018, Baloyi a fudugela kwa Johannesburg mme a ithutela BCom Accounting kwa [[:en:University_of_South_Africa|Yunibesithing ya Afrika Borwa]].<ref>[https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/business/2016-11-20-put-your-best-foot-forward-with-bathu/ Put your best foot forward with Bathu"]. ''SowetanLIVE''. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</ref> == Tiro == Pele a tlogela [[Yunibesithi ya Aforika Borwa]], Baloyi o ne a simolola loeto lwa gagwe lwa go nna rakgwebo ka go rekisa dinkgisamonate ka ntlo le ntlo'''.'''<ref>ADVERTORIAL. [https://www.news24.com/news24/partnercontent/celebrating-the-success-that-is-the-gomora-founded-sneaker-ibathu-20200327 "Celebrating the Success that is the GOMORA founded Sneaker, iBathu"]. ''News24''. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</ref><ref>[https://www.businesslive.co.za/fm/fm-fox/entrepreneurs/2020-01-30-entrepreneur-theo-baloyi-founder-of-bathu-shoes/ ENTREPRENEUR: Theo Baloyi, founder of Bathu Shoes"]. ''BusinessLIVE''. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</ref>Baloyi o ne a tlhophiwa go direla PwC mo Aforika Borwa ka fa tlase ga lenaneo la bona la go aloga mme a dira go feta ka moo a neng a ka kgona ka teng mme komponi ya mo thapa ka nako e e tletseng mme a romelwa kwa PwC Middle East kwa Dubai.<ref>Tsakane Ndlovu (1 April 2021). [https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/true-love/20210401/281621013125751 "Walking His Journey"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230513131529/https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/true-love/20210401/281621013125751 Archived] from the original on 13 May 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023 – via [[:en:PressReader|PressReader]].</ref> E rile ka ngwaga wa 2015 Baloyi o ne a tlhoma komponi ya ditlhako ya [[:en:Bathu_Shoes|Bathu]]. Komponi e ,e na le mabentlele a a fetang masome a mararo mo Aforika Borwa le mo kgaolong ya SADC.<ref>[https://www.bathu.co.za/pages/stores Stores"]. ''Bathu''. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</ref><ref>Buthelezi, Londiwe. [https://www.news24.com/fin24/companies/30-stores-without-funding-how-bathu-shoes-soared-and-opened-24-branches-during-a-pandemic-20211006 "30 stores without funding: How Bathu Shoes soared and opened 24 branches during a pandemic"]. ''Fin24''. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</ref>O ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la boto ya South African Council of Shopping Centres (SACSC) ka kgwedi Phukwi mo ngwageng wa 2022.<ref>Staff Writer (16 July 2022). [https://web.archive.org/web/20220716014149/https://azhizhinews.com/2022/07/theo-baloyi-appointed-board-member-of-sacsc/ "Bathu CEO, Theo Baloyi, appointed board member of SACSC - Azhizhi"]. ''Azhizhi''. Retrieved 18 July 2022.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Baloyi o nna kwa Eye of Africa, Johannesburg.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240221071648/https://mgosi.co.za/bathus-founder-theo-baloyis-privilege-hour-with-kgalema-motlanthe/ Bathu's founder Theo Baloyi's privilege hour with Kgalema Motlanthe!"]. ''Mgosi''. 16 March 2020. Retrieved 30 March 2022.</ref> == Metswedi == syrrtdb33cm80758on32nlhqywpgz9w 0 9107 50355 35592 2026-06-09T07:39:33Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50355 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ledombolo''',<ref>Dumplings: A Global History - Barbara Gallani - Google Books</ref> (le gape le itsegeng jaaka '''lebako)''', dipapata ka Setswana le rostile ka IsiXhosa), ke borotho jwa setso sa Aforika Borwa. Ke dijo tse di rategang thata mo magaeng a le mantsi mo Aforika Borwa.[2] Borotho jo bo apewa mo teng ga kgamelo mo pitseng ya metsi a a belang.[2] Ledombolo le, le farologane le jwa setso ka gore lona le apewa ka go dirisa sekokomusi go na le lerole la go baka.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Biller|first=Hilary|title=The great debate: are dombolo and dumplings the same thing?|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/food/2020-06-04-the-great-debate-are-dombolo-and-dumplings-the-same-thing/|access-date=2021-07-11|website=TimesLIVE}}</ref> Go na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya dijo go ralala Aforika Borwa. Mo setsong sa amaZulu, ledombolo le apewa mo godimo ga nama e e nang le sopo go na le go apewa ka boyone mo pitseng e e farologaneng. Mofuta oo wa borotho o o apeilweng o itsiwe ke amaZulu jaaka uJeqe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-02|title=Ujeqe|url=https://www.zolanene.com/2020/09/02/ujeqe/|access-date=2021-07-11|website=Zola Nene|archive-date=2021-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711193908/https://www.zolanene.com/2020/09/02/ujeqe/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Ledombolo gantsi le jewa le mefuta e e farologaneng ya dijo tse di jaaka nama ya koko, nama ya kgomo, nama ya nku kgotsa malamogodu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=RECIPE {{!}} Make dombolo and more with The Lazy Makoti's versatile dough|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/food/2020-04-16-recipe--make-dombolo-and-more-with-the-lazy-makotis-versatile-dough/|access-date=2021-07-11|website=TimesLIVE}}</ref> bb15x7ielsmflbwwue1vh08ngslu4h5 0 10469 50345 50027 2026-06-09T02:13:56Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50345 wikitext text/x-wiki [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vlor%C3%AB&action=edit Vlorë] (/ˈvlɔːrə/ VLOR-ə,<ref>"Vlorë". ''Lexico UK English Dictionary''. [[:en:Oxford_University_Press|Oxford University Press. Archived from the original]] on 2020-07-07.</ref> <ref>"Vlorë". ''T[[:en:The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language|he American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language]]'' (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 5 July 2020.</ref>Sealbania: [ˈvlɔɾə]; sebopego se se tlhomameng sa Sealbania: Vlora<ref>Vlorë is also known as '''Vlonë''' (pronounced [ˈvlonə]; definite: ''Vlona'') in [[:en:Gheg_Albanian|Gheg Albanian.]]</ref>) ke toropo ya boraro e e nang le batho ba {{Infobox settlement|name=Vlorë|settlement_type=[[Municipalities of Albania|Municipality]] and [[List of cities and towns in Albania|city]]|image_alt={{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 300 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2 | image1 = Promenade of Vlorë along the Adriatic Sea.jpg | image2 = Xhamia Muradie Vlorë 2.jpg | image3 = House on 'Dhimiter Konomi' street (14).jpg | image4 = Rruga_Justin_Godart_2020.jpg | image5 = Independence Monument vlora 16.jpg | image6 = Panoramic photo of Lungomare area in Vlorë.jpg}}|image_caption='''From top to bottom, left to right''': Promenade of Vlorë, [[Muradie Mosque]], old house on the Dhimiter Konomi Street, Old Town of Vlorë, [[Independence Monument (Albania)|Independence Monument]] and Lungomare|image_flag=Flag of Vlorë.gif|flag_alt=Flag of Vlorë|image_seal=[[File:Stema_e_Bashkisë_Vlorë.svg|70px|center]]|seal_alt=Seal of Vlorë|pushpin_mapsize=290|pushpin_relief=1|coordinates={{coord|40|28|N|19|29|E|type:adm1st_region:AL_dim:100000|display=inline}}|subdivision_type1=Country|subdivision_name1={{flag|Albania}}|subdivision_type2=[[NUTS statistical regions of Albania|Region]]|subdivision_name2=[[Southern Albania]]|subdivision_type3=[[Counties of Albania|County]]|subdivision_name3=[[Vlorë County|Vlorë]]|government_type=[[Mayor–council government|Mayor–council]]|governing_body=Vlorë Municipal Council|leader_title=[[List of mayors of Vlorë|Mayor]]|leader_name=Ermal Dredha|unit_pref=Metric|area_blank1_sq_mi=616.85|area_blank2_title=Administrative unit<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Bashkia Vlorë |title=Rregullore e Planit të Përgjithshëm Vendor të Territorit të Bashkisë Vlorë |url=http://bashkiavlore.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Rregullore.pdf |access-date=23 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210923135327/http://bashkiavlore.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Rregullore.pdf |archive-date=23 September 2021 |language=sq |page=15 |url-status=live}}</ref>|area_blank2_sq_mi=28.97|elevation_m=0|population_footnotes=<ref name="2023pop">{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing|url=https://www.instat.gov.al/en/themes/censuses/census-of-population-and-housing/|publisher=Institute of Statistics Albania|access-date=2025-03-30|archive-date=2025-04-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430151629/https://www.instat.gov.al/en/themes/censuses/census-of-population-and-housing/|url-status=dead}}</ref>|population_demonym={{langx|sq|Vlonjat (m), Vlonjate (f)}}|timezone=[[Central European Time|CET]]|utc_offset=+1|timezone_DST=[[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]|postal_code_type=[[Postal codes in Albania|Postal code]]|postal_code=9400|area_code=+355 (0) 33}} bantsi go gaisa kwa Albania le setulo sa Kgaolo ya Vlorë le Mmasepala wa Vlorë. Vlorë e kwa borwabophirima jwa Albania, e aname mo Lebopong la Vlorë mme e dikologilwe ke dithaba tse di kwa tlase ga Dithaba tsa Ceraunian go bapa le Mabopo a Lewatle la Adriatic le la Ionia la Albania. E itemogela tlelaemete ya Mediterranean, e e amiwang ke Dithaba tsa Ceraunian le go nna gaufi le Lewatle la Mediterranean. Lefelo le le fa lotshitshing lwa lewatle la Vlorë e ne e le lengwe la mafelo ao a Illyria a a neng a itemogetse tiro ya pele ga toropo go simolola ka lekgolo la bo11–10 la dingwaga BCE. Lefelo leno le ne le tsenngwa ke Bagerika ba Bogologolo. Motse o mogolo o o sireleditsweng wa boemeladikepe o o neng o agilwe go tloga ka lekgolo la bo6 la dingwaga BCE go ya go lekgolo la bo2 la dingwaga AD o beilwe, jaanong o nwetse ka bontlhabongwe, kwa Triport, kwa bokonebophirima jwa Vlorë ya gompieno. Tiro e e bonalang ya boemeladikepe mo lefelong leno e diragetse go tloga ka bonnye mo pakeng ya bogologolo go ya kwa pakeng ya metlha ya bogare. Go ile ga akantshiwa gore go ne ga nna le go fudusiwa ga motse wa bogologolo go tswa mo lefelong la Triport go ya kwa lefelong la Vlorë la segompieno. Bogare jwa toropo ya segompieno bo na le masalela a baepi ba dilo tsa bogologolo a a simolotseng morago ga nako ya bogologolo. Aulon, e motse wa segompieno o tsereng leina la yone mo go yone, e tlhagelela mo metsweding ya hisitori go simolola ka lekgolo la bo2 la dingwaga C.E. E ne ya fenngwa ka dinako tse di farologaneng mo hisitoring yotlhe ke Baroma, Ba-Byzantine, Ba-Norman, Ba-Venetian le Ba-Ottoman. Magareng ga lekgolo la bo18 le la bo19 la dingwaga, Ba-Albania ba ne ba kokoanya maatla a semoya le a tlhaloganyo gore ba nne le kitso ya setšhaba, mme seno se ne sa felela ka gore go nne le Tsosoloso ya Ba-Albania. Vlorë o ne a nna le seabe se se botlhokwa mo Boipusong jwa Albania jaaka lefelo la tiragalo ya basimolodi ba Albania ya segompieno, ba ba neng ba saena Kgoeletso ya Boipuso ka 28 Ngwanaitseele 1912 kwa Kokoanong ya Vlorë. Vlorë ke nngwe ya ditoropo tse di botlhokwa thata tsa kwa borwa jwa Albania le kgaolo ya Labëria e e itsegeng thata ka setso sa yone, dingwao le dikinane. Vlorë e direlwa ke Boemakepe jwa Vlorë, tsela e kgolo ya SH8, le tsela e kgolo ya A2, ka kakaretso di emela karolo ya Phaseje ya Adriatic–Ionian le Phaseje ya Pan-European VIII. == Leina == Motse o tsere leina la one go tswa mo Segerikeng sa Bogologolo: Αὐλών, ka Seroma: Aulṓn, e e kayang "kanale, glen" e e tshwanang le seletswa sa aulos. Ke leina la lefelo le le tlwaelegileng mo lefatsheng la Segerika.<ref>Babiniotis, Georgios (2019). ''Dictionary of the Modern Greek Language''. Kéntro Lexikologías. p. 315. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-9609582148|<bdi>978-9609582148</bdi>.]] <q>ηκαν το αρχ. δίαυλος «πέρασμα, δίοδος» και το νεότ. πύραυλος. Η κοιλάδα που μοιάζει με αυλό λέγεται αυλών (αυλώνας). από όπου το συχνό τοπωνύμιο Αυλών | Αυλώνα, ... Αυλώνας (ο) πόλη και λιμάνι τής Ν. Αλβανίας</q></ref>Leina la toropo le ne la kwalwa la ntlha mo lekgolong la bo2 la dingwaga AD, ke bakwadi ba babedi ba Segerika sa Bogologolo, Lucian le Ptolemy, wa bofelo o ne a o bitsa "toropo le boemakepe jwa lewatle", se se netefatsang gore o ne wa tlhongwa pelenyana thata. Le fa go ntse jalo, Aulon ga e ise e umakwe ke bakwadi ba pelenyana ba Bagerika le Baroma ba Bogologolo, ba kafa letlhakoreng le lengwe ba neng ba kwala ka toropo e e fa gaufi le boemakepe jwa lewatle jwa Oricum. Mme mo metsweding ya moragonyana Oricum ga e fitlhelwe thata, fa leina la lefelo la Aulon le umakiwa gantsi.<ref>[[:en:Shaban_Demiraj|Demiraj, Shaban]] (2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20201120114336/https://books.google.com/books?id=aXIbAQAAIAAJ ''The origin of the Albanians: linguistically investigated''. Academy of Sciences of Albania.] pp. 144–145. ISBN <bdi>9789994381715</bdi>. [[:en:Academy_of_Sciences_of_Albania|Archived from the original on 20 November 2020.]]</ref> Vlorë e ne ya tlhagelela go tswa mo Aulon-a ya bogologolo ka go fetoga ga thulaganyo ya medumopuo ya puo ya Sealbania ka rhotacism Vlonë > Vlorë,<ref>Katičić, Radoslav (1976). ''Ancient Languages of the Balkans''. Mouton. p. 186. ISBN 978-9027933058</ref> <ref>[[:en:Shaban_Demiraj|Demiraj, Shaban]] (2006). ''T[https://web.archive.org/web/20201120114336/https://books.google.com/books?id=aXIbAQAAIAAJ he origin of the Albanians: linguistically investigated]''. [[:en:Academy_of_Sciences_of_Albania|Academy of Sciences of Albania.]] pp. 144–145. ISBN <bdi>9789994381715</bdi>. Archived from the original on 20 November 2020.</ref> e e leng tiragalo ya pele ga Se-Slavic mo Sealbania. /n/ e e fa gare ga mantswe e fetogile ka metlha go nna /r/ mo Se-Albania sa Tosk, fa /v/ ya ntlha e fetogile go tswa go /u/ e e sa gatelelwang morago ga go nyelela ga /a/ ya ntlha e e sa gatelelwang. Phetogo ya /u/ > /v/ e tshwanetse go nna ya bogologolo, e thibele phetogo ya /l/ e e latelang ya magareng ga mantswe go ya go /lː/. Ka Sealbania sa Geg leina la naga le bidiwa Vlonë, se se supang gore le ntse le dirisiwa mo Baalbania ba bokone pele ga go tlhagelela ga rhotacism mo Sealbania sa Tosk.<ref>[[:en:Shaban_Demiraj|Demiraj, Shaban]] (2006). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20201120114336/https://books.google.com/books?id=aXIbAQAAIAAJ The origin of the Albanians: linguistically investigated]''. Academy of Sciences of Albania. pp. 144–145. ISBN <bdi>9789994381715</bdi>. Archived from the original on 20 November 2020.</ref>Gape mokgwa wa go kwala ga leina leno o obamela melao ya go kwala ga Se-Albania.<ref>[[:en:Martin_E._Huld|Huld, Martin E.]] (1986). "Accentual Stratification of Ancient Greek Loanwords in Albanian". ''Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung''. '''99''' (2). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG): 248–249. JSTOR 40848841.</ref> Leina ka bolone la banni (sing. vlonjat, pl. vlonjatë) ga le ise le fete mo rhotacism e e amang leina la lefelo (fa le ne le le teng, le ne le tla lebega sengwe jaaka vlorat kgotsa vlorjat). Leina la Segerika la metlha ya bogare le la segompieno ke Avlónas (Αυλώνας Aulṓnas [avˈlonas], leina le le latofatsang Αυλώνα Aulṓna [avˈlona]), mme ke lone le le tswang mo puong ya Selatine Aulona le puo ya Sentadiana e e dirisiwang ke Valona <ref>"" in the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 9th ed. 1878.</ref> <ref>[[:en:Vlorë#CITEREFChisholm1911|Chisholm 1911.]]</ref>Ka nako ya puso ya Ottoman toropo ya Vlorë e ne e itsege ka Se-Turkey jaaka Avlonya.<ref>Gawrych, G. W. (2006). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=wPOtzk-unJgC The crescent and the eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians,] 1874-1913''. I.B.Tauris. p. 23. <nowiki>ISBN 978-1-84511-287-5</nowiki>. Google Book Search. Retrieved on August 25, 2009.</ref> Mo metsweding ya Selatine ya Metlha ya Bogare le mo direkotong tsa Setadiana sa Bogologolo e umakiwa ka dipopego tsa Avalona, ​​Avelona, ​​Lavalona, ​​Lavellona; mme mo metsweding ya bogologolo ya Se-Serbia jaaka Avlona kgotsa Vavlona, ​​ya bofelo e e nang le lefoko le le tlhomameng la Se-Slavic v "mo".<ref>[[:en:Shaban_Demiraj|Demiraj, Shaban]] (2006). ''The origin of the Albanians: linguistically investigated''. Academy of Sciences of Albania. pp. 144–145. ISBN <bdi>9789994381715</bdi>. Archived from the original on 20 November 2020</ref> Ka Se-Aromania, motse ono o itsege e le Avlona.<ref>[https://issuu.com/leogjata/docs/arumunet_albania_nr_40 "Arumunët Albania, nr. 40"]. ''Arumunët Albania'' (in Albanian and Aromanian). No. 40. 2014. p. 15.</ref> == Histori == [[Setshwantsho:Valona Colle fortificationi proposte - Coronelli Vincenzo - 1688.jpg|thumb|Valona Colle]] Lefelo la lebopo la Vlorë e ne e le lengwe la mafelo ao a Illyria a a neng a itemogetse tiro ya pele ga toropo go simolola ka lekgolo la bo11–10 la dingwaga BCE. <ref>[[:en:Vlorë#CITEREFBereti1993|Bereti 1993,]] p. 143.</ref> Ka nako ya bokoloniale jwa Euboean jwa lefelo leno (tshimologo ya ngwagakgolo wa bo 8 BC) kou ya Vlorë e ne e amanngwa le dingwao di le mmalwa tsa Bagaka le motheo wa mafelo a le mmalwa a bodulo koo,<ref>Stocker, Sharon R. (2009). ''Illyrian Apollonia: Toward a New Ktisis and Developmental History of the Colony''. p. 227. <q>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Tg8ynwEACAAJ Heroic origins that involved Euboeans were attributed toseveral other early settlements around the Bay of Vlora]</q></ref> jaaka leina la lefelo la Aulon le akantsha le le itsegeng gape mo lefelong la Eubean la selegae.<ref>Walker, Keith G. (9 January 2004). [https://books.google.com/books?id=R3yCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA151 ''Archaic Eretria: A Political and Social History from the Earliest Times to 490 BC''. Routledge. p. 151. ISBN <bdi>978-1-134-45098-5</bdi>.] <q>Eretrians settled around the bay of Avlona (Aulona).... There was also a place called Aulon in the Eretrias... and another .... Khalkis.</q></ref> [[Setshwantsho:Vallona - Coronelli Vincenzo - 1688.jpg|thumb|Vallona]] Ka ntlha ya boemo jwa yone jwa togamaano mo Lewatleng la Adriatic, bogolosegolo Bay of Vlorë, e e bopang boemakepe jwa tlholego, Vlorë e ne e na le lefelo le le botlhokwa mo metlheng ya bogologolo ya bogologolo jaaka motheo wa kgwebisano ke batho ba le bantsi. Vlorë e tsewa e le nngwe ya ditoropo tsa bogologolo go gaisa mo Albania le mo kgaolong.<ref>"town that is the second seaport of Albania. [...] It was strategically important during Roman times and in the 11th–12th-century wars between Normans and Byzantines" ([[:en:Encyclopaedia_Britannica|''Encyclopaedia Britannica'',]] s.v. Vlore).</ref> Mo motlheng wa Archaic, lefelo leno le ne le tsenngwa ke Bagerika ba Bogologolo, ba ka tlwaelo go dumelwa gore ke bone ba ba neng ba tlhoma Orikos, Thronion le Aulon mo mabopong ano.<ref>Papadopoulos, John (2016). [https://books.google.com/books?id=O6B8DAAAQBAJ "Komai, Colonies and Cities in Epirus and Southern Albania: The Failure of the Polis and the Rise of Urbanism on the Fringes of the Greek World"]. In Molloy, Barry P.C. (ed.). ''Of Odysseys and Oddities: Scales and Modes of Interaction Between Prehistoric Aegean Societies and their Neighbours''. Oxbow Books. p. 440. ISBN <bdi>978-1-78570-232-7</bdi>. <q>Then there was the establishment of a new type of site in the Illyrian hinterland, away from the coastal areas usually inhabited by Greeks, especially during the developed Iron Age...</q></ref> Motse o mogolo o o sireleditsweng wa boemeladikepe o o neng o agilwe go tloga ka lekgolo la bo6 la dingwaga BCE go ya go lekgolo la bo2 la dingwaga AD o beilwe, jaanong o nwetse ka bontlhabongwe, kwa Triport, kwa bokonebophirima jwa Vlorë ya gompieno. E ne e kgaogantswe ke mabota a le mararo, a ntlha a one e ne e le a kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la bo6 la dingwaga BCE.<ref>[[:en:Vlorë#CITEREFBereti1993|Bereti 1993,]] p. 143; Fasolo 2005, p. 178; Volpe et al. 2014, p. 300.</ref>Tiro ya boemeladikepe mo lefelong leno e ne ya tswelela go tloga ka nako ya bogologolo go fitlha ka nako ya metlha ya bogare.<ref>[[:en:Vlorë#CITEREFVolpeDisantarosaLeoneTurchiano2014|Volpe et al.]] 2014, p. 300.</ref> Go ile ga akantshiwa gore go ne ga nna le go fudusiwa ga motse wa bogologolo go tswa mo lefelong la Triport go ya kwa lefelong la Vlorë la segompieno. Bogare jwa toropo ya segompieno bo na le mabota a a simolotseng ka lekgolo la dingwaga la bo4 go ya go la bo10 CE, mmogo le lebota, tora e e khutlonne le marope a ntlo e e nang le dilo tsa letsopa tse di simolotseng ka lekgolo la dingwaga la bo3–4 le la dingwaga la bo6-7 CE.<ref>[[:en:Vlorë#CITEREFFasolo2005|Fasolo 2005,]] p. 178.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Vallona colle proposte Valona Valona fortificata in quadro Canina - Coronelli Vincenzo - 1688.jpg|thumb|Vallona colle proposte ]] Lefelo la boepi jwa bogologolo la Triport le supilwe le Thronion kgotsa Aulon ya bogologolo.<ref>[[:en:Vlorë#CITEREFVolpeDisantarosaLeoneTurchiano2014|Volpe et al. 2014,]] p. 300; Bereti 1993, p. 143</ref> Thronion e ne ya supiwa ke Pausanias (lekgolo la bo2 la dingwaga C.E.) jaaka kolone ya Locrian–Euboean, mme gape le ka go neelwa ga sefikantswe se se neng se agilwe kwa Olympia, dipego tseno ka bobedi di bega gore Apollonia o ne a gapa motse ono mo e ka nnang ka 450 B.C.E. Aulon, e Vlorë e tsereng leina la yone mo go yone, e ne ya umakiwa lekgetlo la ntlha ke Ptolemy (lekgolo la bo2 la dingwaga C.E.) mo gare ga metse ya Taulantii ya Illyria. Carl Patsch o ne a tshitshinya gore lefelo la ntlha la Aulon kwa Triport morago ga moo le fudusediwe kwa lefelong la ga jaana la Vlora, mme Pierre Cabanes o ne a tshitshinya lefelo la Thronion kwa Triport; ditshupo tseo ga di thulane le tse dingwe.<ref>[[:en:Vlorë#CITEREFBeretiQuantinCabanes2011|Bereti, Quantin & Cabanes 2011,]] p. 11</ref> Dikwalo tse dingwe tsa thutafatshe tse di jaaka Tabula Peutingeriana le Synecdemus ya ga Hierocles le tsone di umaka Aulon. Motse o ne o dira jaaka boemakepe jo bo botlhokwa jwa Mmusomogolo wa Roma, fa e ne e le karolo ya Epirus Nova.<ref>[[:en:Vlorë#CITEREFVailh%C3%A91912|Vailhé 1912]].</ref><ref>"Apollonia and Aulon in Epirus Nova" [[:en:Vlorë#CITEREFBowden2003|(Bowden 2003, p. 14)]]</ref> Aulon (Avlona) o ne a nna setulo sa bobiskopo mo lekgolong la bo5 la dingwaga. Gareng ga bobishopo ba ba itsegeng go na le Nasarius ka 458 le Soter ka 553 (Daniele Farlati, Illyricum sacrum, VII, 397–401). Diocese ka nako eo e ne e le ya Pentarchy ya mopapa. Ka 733, e ne ya kopanngwa le Illyricum e e kwa botlhaba, le Bopatriareka jwa Constantinople, mme le fa go ntse jalo ga e umakwe mo Notitiae Episcopatuum epe ya Kereke eo. Bobishopo bo ka tswa bo ne bo gatelelwa ka gonne le fa Ba-Bulgaria ba ne ba ntse ba na le naga eno ka lobaka lo lo rileng, Avlona ga a umakwe mo "Notitiae episcopatuum" ya Bobishopomogolo jwa Bulgaria jwa Ohrid. Ka nako ya Baroma, go ne ga tlhomiwa bobishopo jwa Selatine mme Eubel (Hierarchia catholica medievi, I, 124) o umaka bobishopo ba yone ba le mmalwa.<ref>[[:en:Vlorë#CITEREFVailh%C3%A91912|Vailhé 1912.]]</ref> '''Dingwaga tsa Bogare''' Bona gape: Sanjak wa Avlona le Bogosi jwa Valona Mo lekgolong la bo11 le la bo12 la dingwaga, Vlorë o ne a nna le seabe se segolo mo dintweng fa gare ga Puso ya Byzantium le Bogosi jwa Norman jwa Sicily.<ref>[[:en:Vlorë#CITEREFChisholm1911|Chisholm 1911]].</ref> Morago ga go gapiwa ke Norman, ba ne ba busa dingwaga di le nne fela mme ba tlhoma kereke ya Selatine ya episcopal see kwa Vlorë.<ref>[[:en:Vlorë#CITEREFChisholm1911|Chisholm 1911.]]</ref> Ka 1321 toropo e e neng e le ka fa tlase ga taolo ya Byzantine e ne ya tlhaselwa ke sekepe sa Venetian ka fa tlase ga Giovanni Michiel ka ntlha ya seo sa latlhegelwa ke matshelo a bontsi jwa banni ba yone ba Bagerika.<ref>Nicol, Donald M. (1984). ''T[https://books.google.com/books?id=XIj0FfKto9AC he Despotate of Epiros 1267-1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages]''[https://books.google.com/books?id=XIj0FfKto9AC . Cambridge University Press. p. 92. ISBN <bdi>978-0-521-26190-6</bdi>. <q>Nicholas Orsini... He stepped up his invasion of Byzantine territory... The Venetians too seem to have decided that the moment was now ripe to help him. They sent a fleet led by Giovanni Michiel to attack Valona. Many of its Greek inhabitants were killed on the spot, including the son of its admiral Gantzas</q>]</ref> Vlorë e ne e le motsemogolo wa Kgosana ya Valona, ​​kwa tshimologong e ne e le naga e e neng e le motlhanka wa mmusomogolo wa Serbia, mme moragonyana, naga e e ikemetseng ya Bokeresete go tloga ka 1346 go ya go 1417.<ref>Mandeville, John (2012). ''The Book of Marvels and Travels''. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 153. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-960060-1|<bdi>978-0-19-960060-1</bdi>.]]</ref> <ref>Van Antwerp Fine, John (1994). ''The Late Medieval Balkans - A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest''. United States of America: University of Michigan Press. p. 357. [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-472-10079-3|ISBN <bdi>0-472-10079-3</bdi>.]]</ref> Mmusomogolo wa Ottoman o ne wa gapa toropo eno ka 1417, fa ka 1432, marabele a Albania a ne a golola Vlorë mme a leleka Ba-Ottoman mo lefelong leo.<ref>Giakoumis, Konstantinos (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=aCdYHU9PtiIC&q=Durr%C3%ABs "The Orthodox Church in Albania Under the Ottoman Rule 15th-19th Century".] In Schmitt, Oliver Jens (ed.). ''Religion und Kultur im albanischsprachigen Südosteuropa [Religion and culture in Albanian-speaking southeastern Europe]''. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. pp. 95–96. ISBN <bdi>9783631602959</bdi>.</ref> <ref>İnalcik, Halil (1954). ''Hicr ı835 tarihli sûret-i defter-i sancak-i Arvanid'' (in Turkish). Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınlarından.</ref>Jaaka karolo ya Mmusomogolo wa Ottoman, Vlorë e ne ya nna lefelo la Sanjak kwa Rumelia Eyalet ka leina la Avlonya.[leng?] Moragonyana e ne ya nna thuo ya Ba-Venesia ka 1690 mme motse ono o ne wa busediwa kwa Ba-Ottoman ka 1691, wa nna kaza ya Sanjak ya Viyet ya Avlona ( ka 1690 ). Ka nako eo motse ono o ne o na le banni ba ka nna 10 000; go ne go na le pharishe ya Katoliki, e e neng e le ya Archdiocese ya Durrës. Ka nako ya ntlha ya puso ya Ottoman, Vlorë e ne ya nna boemakepe jwa boditšhabatšhaba jo bo neng bo le mo kgwebisanong e e kwa godimo fa gare ga Yuropa bophirima le puso ya Ottoman.<ref>Stanford J. Shaw; Ezel Kural Shaw (29 October 1976). [https://books.google.com/books?id=E9-YfgVZDBkC&pg=PA69 ''History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 1, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1280-1808''. Cambridge University Press. p. 69.] ISBN <bdi>978-0-521-29163-7</bdi>.</ref> Mmapa wa Simon Pinargenti Valona ka 1573 Ka 1426, Ba-Ottoman ba ne ba tshegetsa go nna ga setšhaba sa Bajuta se se neng se amega mo ditirong tsa kgwebo.<ref>Giakoumis, Konstantinos (2010). "The Orthodox Church in Albania Under the Ottoman Rule 15th-19th Century". In Schmitt, Oliver Jens (ed.). ''Religion und Kultur im albanischsprachigen Südosteuropa [Religion and culture in Albanian-speaking southeastern Europe]''. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. pp. 95–96. ISBN <bdi>9783631602959</bdi>.</ref> Morafe o ne wa nna le kgolo ya batho mo dingwageng tse di latelang ka Bajuta ba ba neng ba fuduga go tswa kwa Corfu, mafatshe a a busiwang ke Venetian, Naples, Fora, le Setlhaketlhake sa Iberia.<ref>Giakoumis, Konstantinos (2010). "The Orthodox Church in Albania Under the Ottoman Rule 15th-19th Century". In Schmitt, Oliver Jens (ed.). ''Religion und Kultur im albanischsprachigen Südosteuropa [Religion and culture in Albanian-speaking southeastern Europe]''. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. pp. 95–96. ISBN <bdi>9783631602959</bdi>.</ref> Malapa a ka nna masome a supa a Bajuta go tswa kwa Valencia, go akaretsa le ba ba kileng ba bo ba fetoga, ba ne ba nna kwa Vlorë fa gare ga 1391 le 1492. Morago ga go lelekwa ga Bajuta kwa Spain ka 1492, puso ya Ottoman e ne ya fudusetsa batshwarwa ba bangwe ba Bajuta kwa Vlorë go ela kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la dingwaga la bolesome le botlhano.<ref>Giakoumis, Konstantinos (2010). "The Orthodox Church in Albania Under the Ottoman Rule 15th-19th Century". In Schmitt, Oliver Jens (ed.). ''Religion und Kultur im albanischsprachigen Südosteuropa [Religion and culture in Albanian-speaking southeastern Europe]''. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. pp. 95–96. ISBN <bdi>9783631602959</bdi>.</ref> Dipalo tsa batho tsa Ottoman tsa 1506 le 1520 di ne tsa kwala gore palo ya Bajuta e ne e na le malapa a le 528 le batho ba ka nna 2 600 kwa Vlorë.<ref>Giakoumis, Konstantinos (2010). "The Orthodox Church in Albania Under the Ottoman Rule 15th-19th Century". In Schmitt, Oliver Jens (ed.). ''Religion und Kultur im albanischsprachigen Südosteuropa [Religion and culture in Albanian-speaking southeastern Europe]''. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. pp. 95–96. ISBN <bdi>9783631602959</bdi>.</ref> Bajuta ba Vlorë ba ne ba amega mo kgwebong mme toropo e ne e reka dilwana go tswa kwa Yuropa mme e romela kwa ntle ditswaiso, letlalo, matsela a letseta, di-velvet, di-brocade, le mohair go tswa kwa ditoropong tsa Ottoman tsa Istanbul le Bursa.<ref>Giakoumis, Konstantinos (2010). "The Orthodox Church in Albania Under the Ottoman Rule 15th-19th Century". In Schmitt, Oliver Jens (ed.). ''Religion und Kultur im albanischsprachigen Südosteuropa [Religion and culture in Albanian-speaking southeastern Europe]''. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. pp. 95–96. ISBN <bdi>9783631602959</bdi>.</ref> Setšhaba sa Bajuta ba Vlorë se ne sa tsaya karolo e e matlhagatlhaga mo itekanelong ya Bajuta ba bangwe jaaka go kgona go golola batshwarwa ba ba amanang le ntwa ba ba neng ba le teng kwa Durrës ka 1596.<ref>Giakoumis, Konstantinos (2010). "The Orthodox Church in Albania Under the Ottoman Rule 15th-19th Century". In Schmitt, Oliver Jens (ed.). ''Religion und Kultur im albanischsprachigen Südosteuropa [Religion and culture in Albanian-speaking southeastern Europe]''. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. pp. 95–96. ISBN <bdi>9783631602959</bdi>.</ref> Morago ga Ntwa ya Lepanto (1571) le go senyega ga tshireletsego go bapa le mabopo a Adriatic le Ionian a a laolwang ke Ottoman, palo ya Bajuta mo teng ga Vlorë e ne ya fokotsega.<ref>Giakoumis, Konstantinos (2010). "The Orthodox Church in Albania Under the Ottoman Rule 15th-19th Century". In Schmitt, Oliver Jens (ed.). ''Religion und Kultur im albanischsprachigen Südosteuropa [Religion and culture in Albanian-speaking southeastern Europe]''. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. pp. 95–96. ISBN <bdi>9783631602959</bdi>.</ref> '''Tsosoloso ya Albania''' Ismail Qemali o tsewa e le mokwadi yo mogolo wa Kgoeletso ya Boipuso le rre yo o simolotseng setšhaba sa segompieno sa Albania. [[Setshwantsho:Valona Pinargenti 1573.jpg|left|thumb|Valona Pinargenti]] Magareng ga lekgolo la bo18 le la bo19 la dingwaga, ditlhabololo tsa setso, tse di neng di bolelwa thata ka Ba-Albania ba ba neng ba kokoantse maatla a semoya le a tlhaloganyo, di ne tsa dira gore go nne le Tsosoloso ya Ba-Albania mme Vlorë e ne ya nna setheo sa mokgatlho ono gape ka 1912. Ka Vlorë ka 1912. go pateletsa puso ya Ottoman go fedisa makgetho le go ikobela dikopo tsa marabele.<ref>Pollo, Stefanaq (1984). ''Historia e Shqipërisë: Vitet 30 të shek. XIX-1912'' (in Albanian). Akademia e Shkencave e RPS të Shqipërisë, Instituti i Historisë. OCLC [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/165705732 165705732.]</ref> Ka 1851 e ne ya utlwisiwa botlhoko thata ke thoromo ya lefatshe.<ref>[[:en:Vlorë#CITEREFChisholm1911|Chisholm 1911.]]</ref> Setšhaba sa Bajuta sa Yanina se ne sa ntšhwafatsa setšhaba sa Bajuta sa Vlorë mo lekgolong la dingwaga la bolesomerobongwe.<ref>Giakoumis, Konstantinos (2010). "The Orthodox Church in Albania Under the Ottoman Rule 15th-19th Century". In Schmitt, Oliver Jens (ed.). ''Religion und Kultur im albanischsprachigen Südosteuropa [Religion and culture in Albanian-speaking southeastern Europe]''. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. pp. 95–96. ISBN <bdi>9783631602959</bdi>.</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele 28, 1912, Ismail Qemali o ne a etelela pele Kgoeletso ya Boipuso ya Albania kwa Vlorë, ka nako ya Ntwa ya Ntlha ya Balkan. Motse o ne wa nna motsemogolo wa ntlha wa Albania morago ga boipuso jwa yone. Tlhaselo ya Vlorë ya 1914 e ne ya diragala ka Ferikgong oo, mme e ne e le leano la nako e khutshwane la go busetsa Albania ka fa tlase ga taolo ya Ottoman.<ref>Tütüncü, Mehmet (2017). [https://www.academia.edu/34583796 <nowiki>"Grebeneli Bekir Fikri Bey Albay Thomson'a Karşi 1914 Avlonya Olayı [Grebeneli Bekir Fikri Bey against Colonel Thomson: The Case of Vlorë 1914]".</nowiki>] ''Düşünce ve Tarih''. '''3''' (31): 40, 42.</ref> Motse ono o ne wa tlhaselwa ke Italy ka 1914 ka nako ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe I. Motse ono o ne wa nna o gapilwe ke masole a Italy go fitlha botsuolodi jwa Albania bo pateletsa Bantadiana go tswa mo Albania ka 1920. Italy e ne ya tlhasela Vlorë gape ka 1939. Motse ono o ne wa nna kafa tlase ga go gapiwa ke Italy1nde4. Morago ga moo, Jeremane ya Bonasi e ne ya gapa toropo eno go fitlha ka 1944. Motse ono o ne wa gololwa ka 1944 ke masole a bokomonisi a a neng a eteletswe pele ke Enver Hoxha. '''Albania ya Bokomonisi''' [[Setshwantsho:Ismail Qemali (portrait).jpg|thumb|Ismail Qemali]] Ka nako ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe II, Setlhaketlhake sa Sazan se ne sa nna lefelo le go neng go na le lefelo la dikepe tsa ka fa tlase ga metsi tsa Jeremane le Italy le ditlhomo tsa masole a lewatle; ditlhomo tseno di ne tsa bomiwa thata ke Ba-Allies. Morago ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe II, fa Albania e ne e busiwa ke Mokgatlho wa Bokomonisi, boemakepe jono bo ne jwa hirisediwa Soviet Union gore bo dirisiwe jaaka lefelo la dikepe tse di tsamayang ka fa tlase ga metsi. Ka 1960 le 1961 e ne ya dira jaaka lefelo la bobogelo morago ga tshwetso ya ga Enver Hoxha ya go kgala diphetogo tsa ga Nikita Ba Khrushchev. Vlora le masole a Soviet, mme a kgaola thuso yohle ya moruo, ya sesole le ya sethekniki ya Soviet ho Albania. Matshosetsi ga a ka a dirwa, ka ntlha ya ditiragalo tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse di neng tsa diragala ka nako e le nngwe; segolobogolo Mathata a Dimisaele tsa Cuba. Hoxha, ka go lemoga gore Albania e ne e le mo kotsing morago ga go tlhasela Czechoslovakia ke Tumalano ya Warsaw ka 1968, o ne a laela gore go agiwe dikago tsa konkoreite di le dikete di le makgolokgolo.<ref>Glass, Emily (2017). [https://books.google.com/books?id=B9AqDwAAQBAJ "Once upon a Time in Ksamil: Communist and Post-Communist Biographies of Mushroom-Shaped Bunkers in Albania"]. In Bennett, Luke (ed.). ''In the Ruins of the Cold War Bunker: Affect, Materiality and Meaning Making''. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 147–150. ISBN <bdi>978-1-78348-735-6</bdi>.</ref> Ka fa tlase ga puso ya ga Hoxha, Vlorë e ne e le lefelo le le botlhokwa la go thapa Ba-Sigurimi; tshireletso ya puso ya Albania, botlhodi le tirelo ya sepodisi sa sephiri.<ref>Vickers, Miranda; Pettifer, James (1997) [1997]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=9IbgsDdeVxsC ''Albania: From Anarchy to a Balkan Identity''. C. Hurst & Co. (published 1999). pp. 47–48. ISBN <bdi>978-1-85065-279-3</bdi>.] <q>Vlora ... was notorious as a recruiting ground for the Sigurimi.</q></ref> Ka 1997, Vlorë e ne e le bogare jwa dikhuduego tsa selegae tsa Albania tsa 1997 morago ga go phutlhama ga dithulaganyo di le mmalwa tsa tsietso tsa go beeletsa tse di neng tsa dira gore puso ya ga Sali Berisha e wele. == Thutafatshe == [[Setshwantsho:Kanina Castle and Vlora Square.jpg|left|thumb|Kanina Castle le Vlora Square]] Pono ya lefelo la go tsamaya la Vlorë le Dithaba tsa Ceraunian tse di kwa morago ga naga Vlorë e mo Lebopong la Vlorë go bapa le Mabopo a Lewatle la Adriatic le la Ionia la Albania kwa karolong e e kwa botlhaba jwa Moedi wa Otranto e e dikologilweng ke dithaba tse di kwa tlase ga Dithaba tsa Ceraunian. E tlhalosiwa mo lefelong la 647.94 km2 (250.17 sq mi), Mmasepala wa Vlorë o akareditswe mo Kgaolong ya Vlorë jaaka karolo ya Kgaolo e e kwa Borwa jwa Albania mme o na le diyuniti tsa tsamaiso tse di bapileng tsa Novoselë, Orikum, Qendër Vlorë, Shushicë<ref>[https://www.vendime.al/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/137-2014.pdf "Law nr. 115/2014]" (PDF) (in Albanian). p. 6376. Retrieved 25 February 2022.</ref> 5. Mmasepala o simolola kwa molomong wa Vjosë kwa bokone go bapa le Letsha la Narta go ya kwa Llogara Pass kwa borwa.<ref>"Pasaporta e Bashkisë Vlorë" (in Albanian). Porta Vendore. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.</ref> Gape e dikologile Setlhaketlhake sa Karaburun le Setlhaketlhake sa Sazan kwa bophirima mme Noka ya Shushica-Vlorë e bopa molelwane wa yone wa botlhaba.<ref>"Pasaporta e Bashkisë Vlorë" (in Albanian). Porta Vendore. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.</ref> Mafelo a a sireleditsweng a akaretsa Phaka ya Lewatle ya Karaburun-Sazan, Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Llogara le Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Noka ya Naga ya Vjosa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210923144710/http://bashkiavlore.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/VSM-VLORE.pdf "Shërbim Konsulence, për Hartimin e Planeve të Përgjithshme Vendore, për Katër Bashki, Vlorë, Sarandë, Himarë, Konispol"] (PDF) (in Albanian). Bashkia Vlorë. 30 November 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021</ref> Valonia oak, leina la bontsi la dikopi tsa acorn tse di bonwang mo dikgweng tse di bapileng tsa oak mme di dirisiwa ke basugi ba matlalo, le tsere leina la lone go tswa go Valona, ​​leina la bogologolo la Vlorë. == Tsa temothuo == [[Setshwantsho:Vlora,Albania.jpg|thumb|Vlora,Albania]] Go ya ka tlhaolo ya tlelaemete ya Köppen, Vlorë e wela ka fa tlase ga pheriferi ya kgaolo ya tlelaemete e e mogote ya selemo ya Mediterranean (Csa) e e nang le themperetšha ya palogare ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya 16.9 °C (62.4 °F).<ref>[https://en.climate-data.org/europe/albania/vlora/vlora-831/ "Climate: Vlorë".] Climate-Data. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2021.</ref> Dilemo kwa Vlorë di omile e bile di mogote fa mariga a itemogela dithemphoritšhara tse di magareng le maemo a bosa a a fetogang, a pula.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210924142149/http://www.vlore.climatemps.com/ "Vlore Climate & Temperature"]. ClimaTemps. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.</ref> Kgwedi e e bothitho thata ke Phatwe ka themperetšha e e magareng e e tlhatlogelang kwa go 26.8 °C (80.2 °F). Go farologana le seo, kgwedi e e tsididi thata ke Ferikgong ka themperetšha e e magareng e e welang kwa go 7.9 °C (46.2 °F).<ref>"Climate: Vlorë". Climate-Data. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2021.</ref> Vlorë e na le tlelaemete e e nang le letsatsi ka palogare ya diura di le 2,745.2 tsa letsatsi ka ngwaga, mme seno se dira gore e nne nngwe ya mafelo a a nang le letsatsi thata mo Mediterranean Botlhaba.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241104005218/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/RA-VI/AB/13600.TXT "Vlore climate Normals for 1961-1990(WMO Station Number: 13600)"]. ''ncei.noaa.gov''. NOAA. Retrieved 23 February 2024.</ref> <ref>Polemio, M.; CNR-IRPI Pambuku, A.; Servizio Geologico di Albania Petrucci, O.; CNR-IRPI. ''The coastal karstic aquifer of Vlora (Albania)''. OCL[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/697554091 C 697554091.]</ref>Phukwi ke kgwedi e e nang le letsatsi thata mo ngwageng ka palogare ya diura di ka nna 12 tsa letsatsi.<ref>https://en.climate-data.org/europe/albania/vlora/vlora-831/</ref> Go farologana le seo, palogare ya diura tsa letsatsi e kwa tlase ga diura di le 7 ka letsatsi ka Ferikgong.<ref>[https://en.climate-data.org/europe/albania/vlora/vlora-831/ "Climate: Vlorë"]. Climate-Data. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2021.</ref> Mo pakeng ya 1961–1990, ka palogare ka ngwaga, go ne go na le malatsi a le 82 ka pula e e fetang 1 mm (0.039 in), malatsi a le 26 ka ditumo tsa maru, malatsi a le matlhano ka sefako, le letsatsi le le lengwe la go na ga kapoko.<ref>"Vlore climate Normals for 1961-1990(WMO Station Number: 13600)". ''ncei.noaa.gov''. NOAA. Retrieved 23 February 2024.</ref> == Itsholelelo == Pono ya sekepe kwa Boemakepeng jwa Vlorë [[Setshwantsho:Porti i Vlores.jpg|thumb|Porti i Vlores]] Motse wa Vlorë o sa ntse o le boemakepe jo bogolo jwa lewatle le lefelo la kgwebo, le le nang le lekala le le botlhokwa la go tshwara ditlhapi le la madirelo. Kgaolo e e dikologileng e ntsha peterolo, gase ya tlholego, sekontiri le letswai. Motse ono gape ke lefelo la ditlhomo tsa botlhokwa tsa Sesole sa Lewatle sa Albania. E godile ka botlhokwa jaaka lefelo la temothuo le le nang le jalô e kgolo thata ya ditlhare tsa motlhware le tsa maungo, le jaaka lefelo la madirelo a go dira dijo, oli le thomelontle ya sekontiri. Go ya ka hisitori, kgaolo e e dikologileng e ne e le ya temothuo le bodisa, e ntsha di-oats, mmidi, letseta, oli ya motlhware, dikgomo, dinku, matlalo, matlalo le botoro.<ref>[[:en:Vlorë#CITEREFChisholm1911|Chisholm 1911.]]</ref> Dithoto tseno di romelwa kwa ntle. Vlorë ke toropo e e tlhagafetseng e e mo lotshitshing lwa lewatle e e nang le mafaratlhatlha a matlo a a tlhabolotsweng sentle le a segompieno. Motse o fana ka mefuta e fapaneng ya libakeng tsa bolulo ho tloha lebopong le ho ea ka hare ho naha. Vlorë e kgaogantswe ka dikgaolo tse tharo tsa ikonomi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180129182544/http://emerging-europe.com/regions/albania-is-creating-three-free-economic-zones/ "Albania is creating three free economic zones".] ''emerging-europe.com''. 24 August 2015.</ref> Lefelo la Ikonomi le le Lokologileng la TEDA Vlorë le na le lefelo le le siameng, le le bokgakala jwa dikilometara di ka nna 151 go tswa kwa motsemogolong wa Tirana. Tshedimosetso ya Naga le Tikologo e mo lefatsheng le le sephaphathi, le le letswai, le le khurumeditsweng ka bontlhabongwe ke Sekgwa sa Soda. Lefelo leno le siametse tlhabololo ya madirelo le e e sa senyeng tikologo. Ntshetsopele ya Indasteri ka hara mesebetsi e tshwanelehang ya sebaka e ka ntshetswa pele ho TEDA ke: indasteri, tshebetso, kgwebo, polokelo ya thepa, indasteri e bobebe, elektroniki, tlhahiso ya dikarolo tsa dikoloi, le mesebetsi e amanang le boema-kepe. Mmaraka wa Badiri: Tshedimosetso ya semmuso go tswa ka 2014 e begile gore badiri ba ba ka thapiwang kwa Vlora ba le 125,954, mme ba le 84,836 ba bona ba thapilwe ga jaana. 35% ya badiri kwa Vlora ba na le dikirii ya sekolo se segolo, fa 17% e na le dikirii ya yunibesithi. Go ya ka Banka ya Lefatshe, Vlorë e tsere dikgato tse di botlhokwa mo maemong a ikonomi ka 2016. Vlorë e mo maemong a bo 7 mo gare ga ditoropo di le 22 kwa Borwabotlhaba jwa Yuropa mo maemong a a dirilweng ke Setlhopha sa Banka ya Lefatshe.<ref>[http://www.doingbusiness.org/Rankings/south-east-europe "Subnational Economy Rankings - South East Europe - Subnational Doing Business - World Bank Group"]. ''www.doingbusiness.org''. Retrieved 15 March 2018.</ref> kwa pele ga motsemogolo wa Albania, Tirana, mme gape le Belgrade, Serbia le Sarajevo, kwa Bosnia le Herzegovina. Bojanala jo bo ntseng bo tlhotlheletsa ikonomi ya toropo bo fetogile intaseteri e kgolo mo dingwageng tsa bosheng jaana, ka dihotele tse dintsi, mafelo a boitlosobodutu, le mabopo a magolo. Motse ono o kgona go bona sentle Bay of Vlorë, e e tsewang e le molelwane o o fa gare ga Lewatle la Adriatic le Lewatle la Ionia. Setlhaketlhake sa Sazan se fa pele ga motse, kwa kgorong ya koung. Italy e bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le 80 fela. Mabopo a lewatle a a gaufi le toropo eno a akaretsa Palasë, Dhermi, Vuno, Himara, Qeparo le Borsh. Ka 2019, Vlorë o ne a umakiwa mo athikeleng ya Financial Times ya 'Mafelo a le matlhano a a tshwanetseng go lebelelwa' e e neng e na le lenaane la mafelo a masha le a a itumedisang a boikhutso go tswa kwa lefatsheng lotlhe.<ref>[https://www.ft.com/content/7964db7a-ff18-11e9-a530-16c6c29e70ca "Five destinations to watch — from the Faroe Islands to Pakistan".] ''Financial Times''. 8 November 2019. Archived from the original on 2022-12-10. Retrieved 2020-08-31.</ref> Ka Moranang 2024, go ne ga begwa gore Jared Kushner, mokgweetsi le mothusi wa pele wa Moporesitente wa Amerika Donald Trump, o ne a rulagantse go aga lefelo la boikhutso mo toropong e le karolo ya dithulaganyo tsa khamphani ya gagwe, Affinity Partners, go beeletsa kwa Balkans.<ref>Bytyci, Fatos; Goga, Florion (2024-04-04). [https://www.reuters.com/world/jared-kushners-planned-albania-resort-stokes-fear-hope-coastal-town-2024-04-04/ "Jared Kushner's planned Albania resort stokes fear and hope in coastal town"]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved 2024-04-10.</ref> == Mafaratlhatlha == '''Dipalangwa''' Tselakgolo ya SH8 kwa borwa jwa Vlorë e e yang kwa Orikum [[Setshwantsho:Coast south of Vlorë - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Vlore]] Vlorë e mo phashiting ya dipalangwa e e kwa bokone–borwa jwa Albania mme e dirisiwa ke ditsela tse dikgolo le ditsela tse dikgolo tse di golaganyang toropo eno le dikarolo tse dingwe tsa Albania. Tsela e kgolo ya SH8 e e tlang pele ga yone, e e simololang kwa Fier, e golaganya dikgaolo tse di kwa bokone tsa Vlorë le dikgaolo tse di fa gare le tse di kwa borwa, e tswelela go bapa le Albanian Riviera go ya kwa Sarandë. Tsela e kgolo ya A2 e tsamaya ka go tshwana le SH8 go tswa kwa Fier go ya kwa Vlorë mme e fela morago ga go tsena mo toropong kwa bokone. Fa e sena go wediwa, tsela e e fapogang ya Vlorë e tla golaganya tsela e kgolo ya A2 e e fetang mo metsesetoropong ya Vlorë le tsela e kgolo ya SH8.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170222055150/https://www.arrsh.gov.al/projekte-me-finacim-te-huaj-donacione/sinjalistike-rrugore-2/bypass-i-vlores "Bypass-i Vlorës"] (in Albanian). Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 24 September 2021.</ref> <ref>Gjonaj, Arlinda (15 June 2020). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210622175135/https://ata.gov.al/2020/06/15/kete-jave-nis-asfaltimi-i-bypass-it-te-vlores-rama-brenda-muajit-hapet-gara-nderkombetare-per-korridorin-blu/ "Këtë javë nis asfaltimi i bypass-it të Vlorës/ Rama: Brenda muajit hapet gara ndërkombëtare për 'Korridorin Blu'"] (in Albanian). Agjencia Telegrafike Shqiptare (ATA). Archived from the original on 22 June 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.</ref> Vlorë e direlwa ke Boemakepe jwa Vlorë, e leng boemakepe jwa bobedi jo bo tlhanaselang thata mo Albania, jo bo kwa karolong e e kwa bokone ya lebopo la toropo eno. Seteišene sa terena sa Vlorë ke pheletso e e kwa borwa ya mola wa terena wa Durrës-Vlorë o o golaganyang Vlorë le Durrës le mafaratlhatlha otlhe a terena a Albania. E ne ya bulwa ka 1985 fa seporo se ne se atolosiwa go tswa kwa Fier go ya kwa Vlorë.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161017114052/http://www.t669.net/hekurudha_shqiptare.html "History of Hekurudha Shqiptare (in Albanian)".] Archived from the original on 2016-10-17. Retrieved 21 June 2020.</ref> Tirelo e e lekanyeditsweng thata e ne ya nna e dira go fitlha ka 2015,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120422103414/http://www.europetrainsguide.com/Countries/Albania/Albania-HSH.html "Europe Trains Guide"]. Retrieved 15 September 2017.</ref> mme ga jaana ditirelo tsa bapagami ga di tlhole di tsamaya kwa borwa jwa Fier.<ref>[http://www.johndarm.clara.net/Europhots/Albania.htm "Albania Railway Photographs"]. Retrieved 20 October 2017.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, khamphani ya poraefete ya terena, Albrail, e ne ya simolola go dirisa diterena tsa dithoto go tswa kwa Fier go ya kwa Vlorë ka 2018.<ref>[http://albrail.al/en/rreth-nesh/ "About Albrail".] Albrail. Retrieved 21 June 2020.</ref> Boemafofane jwa Boditšhabatšhaba jwa Vlorë ke porojeke e e tshitshintsweng ya tlhabololo ya boemafofane e e agiwang ga jaana jaaka karolo ya leano la Albania la go oketsa dikgolagano tsa dipalangwa go ya kwa mafelong a a kwa borwa jwa Albania.<ref>[https://kryeministria.al/newsroom/aeroporti-i-ri-nderkombetar-i-vlores/ "Aeroporti i ri ndërkombëtar i Vlorës"] (in Albanian). Kryeministria. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.</ref> Lefelo le le tshitshintsweng la boemelafofane le kwa motseng wa Akërni mo teng ga Lefelo le le Sireleditsweng la Vjosa-Narta kwa bokone jwa Vlorë, le le neng la kgalwa ke batho ba le bantsi.<ref>[https://www.iucn.org/news/eastern-europe-and-central-asia/201803/new-airport-near-narta-lagoon-albania "New airport near the Narta Lagoon, Albania".] International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). 7 March 2018. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.</ref> Kago e ne ya simololwa semmuso ka la bo 28 Ngwanaitseele 2021, mme e na le letlha le le ikaeletsweng la go wediwa la Moranang 2024.<ref>[https://albaniandailynews.com/news/pm-rama-announces-start-of-works-for-vlora-airport "PM Rama announces start of works for Vlora Airport"]. ''Albanian Daily News''.</ref> <ref>[https://kryeministria.al/newsroom/gati-projekti-per-aeroportin-nderkombetar-te-vlores/ "Gati projekti për aeroportin ndërkombëtar të Vlorës"] (in Albanian). Kryeministria. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.</ref>Boemafofane gape bo na le dithulaganyo tsa go akaretsa boemeladikepe le lefelo la bojanala jwa temothuo.[citation needed] '''Lefelo la matlakala''' Mo pakeng ya 2020–2024, toropo e ne e tlhaselwa ke melelo nako le nako kwa lefelong la go latlhela matlakala la selegae. Lefelo leno la go latlhela matlakala le le tsewang le le kotsi ke balaodi ba selegae, le ne le tshwanetse go tswalwa ka Seetebosigo 2021, ka gonne go ne go solofetswe gore lefelo le lesha la go latlhela matlakala le simolole go dira. Letlha la bofelo la go bula ya morago le buseditswe morago gangwe le gape, mme kago ya yone e e tswelelang e eme.<ref>Ziaj, Jerola (26 July 2024). [https://www.reporter.al/2024/07/26/tymi-i-plehrave-mbulon-vloren-ne-mes-te-sezonit-turistik/ "Tymi i plehrave mbulon Vlorën në mes të sezonit turistik"]. ''Reporter.al'' (in Albanian).</ref><ref>[https://lapsi.al/2024/07/27/tymi-i-zi-mbulon-vloren-ende-aktiv-zjarri-ne-fushen-e-plehrave/ "Tymi i zi mbulon Vlorën, ende aktiv zjarri në fushën e plehrave".] ''Lapsi.al'' (in Albanian). 27 July 2024.</ref> '''Thuto''' Vlora ke legae la yunibesithi ya bobedi e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe kwa Albania. Yunibesithi ya Vlora e ne ya tlhongwa ka 1994 e le yunibesithi ya thekenoloji. E ntse e tlhomile mogopolo mo thekenolojing, mme e atologile mo dikarolong tsa ikonomi le tsa madi, thuto, bongaka, le molao. Go na le dimakasine di le tharo tse di kwa Yunibesithing ya Vlora. Gape go na le lekwalodikgang la saense le le gatisiwang kotara le kotara ka Se-Albania: Buletini Shkencor i Yunibesithi ya Vlorës. Fa e sale ka 2008 ke legae la Lekwalodikgang la Boditšhabatšhaba la Saense la Academicus,<ref>Musaraj, Arta (2019). "Academicus - In the name of Science" (PDF). ''Academicus International Scientific Journal''. '''20''': 10–11. doi:10.7336/academicus.2019.20.01. ISSN 2079-3715.</ref>kgatiso ya saense e e sekasekilweng ke balekane ka puo ya Seesemane e e tlhomilweng ke Arta Musaraj.<ref>[http://www.academicus.edu.al/ "Official website of Academicus International Scientific Journal".]</ref> Ntle le yunibesithi ya puso go na le diyunibesiti tse pedi tsa poraefete, e leng Yunibesithi ya Pavarësia Vlorë le Akademia le Thuto ya Aplikuara "Reald", e e simolotseng e le sekolo se se potlana le sekolo se segolo, mme fa e sale ka 2011 e dira gape jaaka yunibesithi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160126085052/http://www.aaal.edu.al/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=596&Itemid=306&lang=en "Private Higher Education Institutions in Albania"]. Archived from the original on 2016-01-26. Retrieved 2013-02-04.</ref> == Temokerafi == Go ya ka phopholetso ya Setheo sa Dipalopalo go tswa mo palong ya batho ya 2011, go ne go na le batho ba le 79,513 ba ba nnang kwa Vlorë le ba le 104,827 kwa mmasepaleng wa Vlorë, e leng toropo ya boraro e e nang le batho ba le bantsi le mmasepala wa botlhano o o nang le batho ba le bantsi thata wa Albania.<ref>Nurja, Ines. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200613143022/http://www.instat.gov.al/media/3070/12__vlore.pdf "Censusi i popullsisë dhe banesave/ Population and Housing Census–Vlorë (2011)"] (PDF). Tirana: Institute of Statistics (INSTAT). p. 85. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2021.</ref> <ref>[https://portavendore.al/bashkia-vlore/pasaporta-e-bashkise-vlore/ "Pasaporta e Bashkisë Vlorë"] (in Albanian). Porta Vendore. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.</ref>Kitlano ya baagi e e fopholediwang ya Mmasepala wa Vlorë e ne e le baagi ba le 169.9 ka sekwere sa kilometara. <ref>[https://portavendore.al/bashkia-vlore/pasaporta-e-bashkise-vlore/ "Pasaporta e Bashkisë Vlorë"] (in Albanian). Porta Vendore. Archived from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.</ref>Baagi ba Vlorë ba ne ba oketsegile go tswa go 71,662 ka 1989 go ya go 79,513 ka 2011, fa phokotsego ya baagi ba Mmasepala wa Vlorë go tswa go 114,497 go ya go 104,827 e ne ya tlhomololwa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210923144710/http://bashkiavlore.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/VSM-VLORE.pdf "Shërbim Konsulence, për Hartimin e Planeve të Përgjithshme Vendore, për Katër Bashki, Vlorë, Sarandë, Himarë, Konispol"] (PDF) (in Albanian). Bashkia Vlorë. 30 November 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.</ref> Molaotheo o tlhalosa Albania jaaka naga ya lefatshe e e senang bodumedi jwa semmuso. E netefatsa kgololesego ya bodumedi, tumelo le segakolodi mme e thibela go tlhaola ka ntlha ya ditumelo tsa bodumedi kgotsa ditiro.<ref>[https://www.osce.org/albania/41888 "Constitution of the Republic of Albania".] Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2021.</ref> Vlorë e na le bodumedi jo bo farologaneng mme e na le mafelo a mantsi a kobamelo a a thusang batho ba yone ba bodumedi, ba ka tlwaelo e leng balatedi ba Boiselamo, Bokeresete le Bojuda. Mo lekgolong la bo19 le la bo20 la dingwaga, Mamoseleme a a buang Se-Albania e ne e le bontsi jwa batho ba Vlorë fa go ne go na le palo e nnye ya malapa a a buang Segerika, Ba-Orthodox ba Albania, Bajuta, le palo e nnye le go feta ya Bakatoliki.<ref>Kokolakis, Mihalis (2003). ''Το ύστερο Γιαννιώτικο Πασαλίκι: χώρος, διοίκηση και πληθυσμός στην τουρκοκρατούμενη Ηπειρο (1820–1913) [The late Pashalik of Ioannina: Space, administration and population in Ottoman ruled Epirus (1820–1913)]''. EIE-ΚΝΕ. p.52. "β. Ο διεσπαρμένος ελληνόφωνος πληθυσμός περιλάμβανε... και μικρό αριθμό οικογενειών στα αστικά κέντρα του Αργυροκάστρου και της Αυλώνας. [b. The scattered Greek-speaking population included ... and a small number of families in the cities of Gjirokastra and Vlora.]"; p. 53. "και την ακόμη ολιγομελέστερη ομάδα των Καθολικών της Αυλώνας [and even group of Catholics in Vlora]"; p. 54. "Η μουσουλμανική κοινότητα της Ηπείρου, με εξαίρεση τους μικρούς αστικούς πληθυσμούς των νότιων ελληνόφωνων περιοχών, τους οποίους προαναφέραμε, και τις δύο με τρεις χιλιάδες διεσπαρμένους «Τουρκόγυφτους», απαρτιζόταν ολοκληρωτικά από αλβανόφωνους, και στα τέλη της Τουρκοκρατίας κάλυπτε τα ¾ περίπου του πληθυσμού των αλβανόφωνων περιοχών και περισσότερο από το 40% του συνόλου. [The Muslim community in Epirus, with the exception of small urban populations of the southern Greek-speaking areas, which we mentioned, and 2-3000 dispersed "Muslim Romani", consisted entirely of Albanian speakers, and in the late Ottoman period covered approximately ¾ of population ethnic Albanian speaking areas and more than 40% of the total area."; pp. 370, 374.</ref> Ka 1994 batho ba morafe wa Bagerika ba toropo eno ba ne ba le 8 000. Sekolo sa Segerika se ne se dira mo toropong ka 1741. == Setso == [[Setshwantsho:The monument of Independence in Vlorë (Vlora).jpg|thumb]] Vlorë e akareditswe ka thutafatshe le ka setso mo kgaolong ya hisitori ya Labëria, e e tswang kwa Mabopong a Lewatle la Adriatic le Ionian la Albania go ya kwa kgaolong e e dithaba ya borwabotlhaba jwa Albania. Labëria e tlhomologile ka setso sa yona se se tlhaolegileng, dipopego tsa naga le dingwao mme e itsege jaaka lefelo la botsalo jwa mmino wa medumo e mentsi ya Albania, o o goeleditsweng ke UNESCO jaaka Tiro ya Botswerere ya Boswa jwa Molomo le jo bo sa Tshwaregeng jwa Batho.<ref>"Albanian folk iso-polyphony". [[:en:United_Nations_Educational,_Scientific_and_Cultural_Organization|United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)]]. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.</ref> Bontsi jwa baagi ba Albania ba Vlorë ba bua puo ya Lab ya Se-Albania sa Tosk se se kwa borwa se se farologaneng le dipuo tse dingwe tsa Se-Albania. Bogare jwa hisitori jwa Vlorë kwa Mmileng wa ga Justin Godart Vlorë ke legae la mafelo a mantsi a setso le a hisitori a le one a amanang le go tlhongwa ga Albania. Sefikantswe sa Boipuso se mo Sekwereng sa Folaga mme se gopola boipuso jwa Albania go tswa mo Pusong ya Ottoman.<ref>[http://vlora.gov.al/turizem/informacion-per-vizitoret/ "Çfarë të vizitoni"] (in Albanian). Bashkia Vlorë. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.</ref> Musiamo wa Boipuso o mo kagong ya lekgolo la bo19 la dingwaga, kwa borre ba ba simolotseng Albania ba neng ba saena Kgoeletso ya Boipuso gone.[83] Mathule a yone a tsewa e le letshwao la kgololesego, phenyo le go itsetsepela ga Ba-Albania go thibela go gapiwa ga naga ya bone.<ref>[http://vlora.gov.al/events/muzeume/ "Muzeumet e Vlorës"] (in Albanian). Bashkia Vlorë. Archived from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.</ref> E fitlhelwa mo ntlong e kgolo ya lekgolo la bo19 la dingwaga, Musiamo wa Ethnographic o o gaufi le Musiamo wa Boipuso o bontsha boswa jwa ethnographic jwa Vlorë le kgaolo e e e dikologileng.<ref>"Muzeumet e Vlorës" (in Albanian). Bashkia Vlorë. Archived from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.</ref> Musiamo wa Hisetori kwa Mmileng wa Perlat Rexhepi ke musiamo o mongwe o o bontshang gareng ga tse dingwe dilo tsa botaki go tswa kwa mafelong a a gaufi a baepi ba bogologolo a Ba-Illyria le Bagerika ba Bogologolo.<ref>"Muzeumet e Vlorës" (in Albanian). Bashkia Vlorë. Archived from the original on 5 March 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.</ref> Musiamo o o neetsweng baagi ba hisitori ba Bajuda ba Vlorë o rulagantswe go bulwa mo bogareng jwa hisitori ya Vlorë.<ref>Alla, Adela (9 August 2020). "Në zonën e rilindur të Vlorës së shpejti dhe Muzeu i Shpëtimit të Hebrenjve" (in Albanian). Agjencia Telegrafike Shqiptare (ATA). Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 24 September 2021.</ref> Gareng ga mafelo a a tlhomologileng thata a bodumedi kwa Vlorë ke Mosque wa Muradie o o agilweng mo lekgolong la bo16 la dingwaga kwa Mmileng wa Sadik Zotaj le Kereke ya Saint Aloysius Gonzaga le Mary go tswa mo lekgolong la bo19 la dingwaga kwa Mmileng wa Kristoforidhi.<ref>"Çfarë të vizitoni" (in Albanian). Bashkia Vlorë. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.</ref> Mafelo a a tlhomologileng a setso mo Mmasepaleng wa Vlorë a akaretsa Kago ya Segosi ya Kaninë, Kereke ya Marmiroi, Setlhaketlhake sa Sazan, Setlhaketlhake sa Zvërnec, Letsha la Narta mmogo le mafelo a boepi jwa bogologolo a Amantia le Oricum.<ref>"Çfarë të vizitoni" (in Albanian). Bashkia Vlorë. Archived from the original on 3 March 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.</ref> Setlhopha sa bogologolo le se se ratiwang thata sa karolo ya ntlha se se kwa Vlorë ke setlhopha sa kgwele ya dinao sa KS Flamurtari Vlorë. Flamurtari e tshameka kwa Setadiamong sa Flamurtari mo gare ga Vlorë gaufi le Sekwere sa Boipuso. == Metswedi == q31hksjm0sbno53jrtsz79f9vw3hkmc 0 10507 50342 40048 2026-06-09T01:44:22Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50342 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Languages of South Africa by Magisterial District, 2001.png|thumb|Dipuo tsa Aforika Borwa ka kgaolo ya Magaseterata, 2001]] '''Afrika Borwa''' e na le dipuo di le 12 tsa semmuso tse di buiwang mo diporofenseng tsa yona di le robongwe. Go farologana ga dipuo tsa naga ke motswedi wa boikgantsho le motheo wa boitshupo jwa yona jwa bosetšhaba. Go somarela dipuo tseno go botlhokwa le go tlotla pharologano ya ditso tsa rona, go tsweletsa ditsamaiso tsa kitso ya setso le go rotloetsa kutlwano.<ref>https://www.sanews.gov.za/features-south-africa/preserving-culture-language</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fwdeklerk.org/preserving-south-africas-indigenous-languages-a-living-legacy-for-future-generations/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-04-30 |archive-date=2025-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529214646/https://fwdeklerk.org/preserving-south-africas-indigenous-languages-a-living-legacy-for-future-generations/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Dipuo tsa Aforika Borwa ke Se-Afrikaans, [[Seisimane|Seesimane]], Se-Ndebele, Se-Xhosa, Se-Zulu, Se-Sepedi (se se itsegeng gape jaaka [[Sesotho sa Leboa]]), [[Sesotho]], [[Setswana]], Seswati, Tshivenda, Se-Xitsonga le, go tloga ka 2023, puo ya diatla ya [[Aforika Borwa]] kgotsa SASL.<ref>https://southafrica-info.com/arts-culture/11-languages-south-africa/</ref> == Seabe sa puo == Puo ke sedirisiwa se batho ba se dirisang go buisana, se se dirang gore batho ba kgone go abelana dikgopolo, maikutlo le tshedimosetso. E na le seabe mo go ageng dikamano, go rotloetsa tirisanommogo ya loago, le go tshegetsa tlhabololo ya tlhaloganyo ka go bopa tsela e batho ba akanyang le go leba lefatshe ka yone.<ref name=":0">https://psylearners.psychotechservices.com/2023/07/what-are-functions-of-language.html</ref> Kwa ntle ga tlhaeletsano, puo e golagane le boitshupo jwa setso, go somarela hisetori, dingwao, le meono ya baagi, le go netefatsa phetiso ya kitso le meetlo go ralala dikokomana.<ref name=":0" /> Puo e golagane thata le setso. E na le hisitori, dingwao le mekgwa ya setšhaba, mme e na le seabe se segolo mo go bopeng le go bolokeng setso. Go boloka dipuo tsa Aforika Borwa go simolola kwa phaposing ya borutelo le kwa gae. Go tsenya dipuo tsa selegae mo kharikhulamong ya sekolo go letla bana go ithuta ka dipuo tsa bone tsa tlholego, go godisa boikutlo jwa go ikgogomosa le go nna le seabe fa go ntse go tlhomamisiwa gore go na le tswelelopele ya puo.<ref>https://southafrica.un.org/en/279644-acknowledging-indigenous-languages-30-years-democracy?afd_azwaf_tok=eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.eyJhdWQiOiJzb3V0aGFmcmljYS51bi5vcmciLCJleHAiOjE3NDYwMjE1MjUsImlhdCI6MTc0NjAyMTUxNSwiaXNzIjoidGllcjEtNjk3ZDg1Nzc1Zi16azY3OSIsInN1YiI6IjE2NS4xNjUuMTA4LjIwMyIsImRhdGEiOnsidHlwZSI6Imlzc3VlZCIsInJlZiI6IjIwMjUwNDMwVDEzNTgzNVotMTY5N2Q4NTc3NWZ6azY3OWhDMUpOQmc0NDAwMDAwMDAwbnpnMDAwMDAwMDB2M3lkIiwiYiI6IlBETFU0S1pDbk9rZm5pbFBvYTNQZWp0WDUtSGNaRTBuTzVldEgxUWlzZzQiLCJoIjoiQy1YNndjRDl3RG5xX0dmcjJtQUxPR3o0SlRMN0Y1dmplS0lRcUloaGY5cyJ9fQ.Mre40Irp9G0p_6ICASAOcxKxUjq3mLHJgm7HVyV8HhXWQijqvlAR3oF87I7IkzQ6HB8JvOVp6foQcxbkf_LUl38MaFhXg9SsRKLaoT6PFfABWfzwNgNsHT6H53QttS7kHc75xxJ_0wAECaM3Se3H5QutWSsws7gpkGIfT3Yii1W9cEsS8KzJL_vCY26XKUb0iwEgc3c8E0sxjMEwE6jOcbcjnDvZqZYYbkqr1bHHbv-9Kc5aT2nNxL9VRqxEwVYaLsV98rn3mT5ZIqDm_gXw-ofxtyhKgkcxjrSamGqOk8AUNzhLasdT1PFh4vsImXpu2H12VwY2WX__8Y6ltE2Wow.WF3obl2IDtqgvMFRqVdYkD5s</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/15/200872.html</ref> Mekgwa e e tlhamilweng jaaka dibuka tsa bana, mmino le ditshamekisi tsa thuto ka dipuo tse dintsi e thusa go godisa bokgoni jwa go bua go tswa bonyaneng le go rotloetsa malapa go fetisetsa boswa jwa bone jwa puo.<ref name=":1" /> == Botegeniki mo go bolokeng dipuo == Kgatelopele e e dirilweng mo go tsa botegeniki e dirile gore go nne le ditsela tse disha tsa go boloka dipuo. Mekgwa e e jaaka go dira gore dipuo tsa selegae di nne teng mo dithulaganyong tsa botegeniki, go ranola go go dirwang ke batho ba le bantsi, go dira gore go nne le didirisiwa tsa botegeniki le go boloka tshedimosetso e ntsi e dira gore dipuo tsa selegae di fitlhelelwe motlhofo.<ref name=":2">https://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2219-82372024000100002</ref><ref name=":3">https://www.unisa.ac.za/sites/corporate/default/Colleges/Human-Sciences/News-&-events/Articles/Towards-a-unified-approach-to-language-preservation-and-accessibility</ref> Maiteko a a tshwanang le dithanodi tsa dijithale, didirisiwa tsa go ranola ka metšhine, le go kopanngwa ga dipuo tsa [[Aforika Borwa]] mo dithulaganyong tsa lefatshe jaaka [[Wikipedia]] di naya baagi maatla a go kwala le go abelana boswa jwa bone jwa puo ka bophara.<ref name=":3" /> Maiteko ano a botlhokwa thata mo go rotloetseng dikokomana tse di santseng di le dinnye le go netefatsa gore dipuo di nna di ntse di le botlhokwa mo motlheng wa dijithale.<ref name=":2" /> == Mekgwa ya go boloka dipuo le setso == Go boloka puo go dira sentle thata fa go kopanyeletsa tirisanommogo magareng ga ditheo tsa thuto, ditheo tsa puso le baagi ba Aforika Borwa. Dikgolagano tse di jaaka South African Languages Project (SWiP) di kopanya diyunibesithi, makgotla a dipuo le ditheo tsa dijithale go rotloetsa tiriso ya dipuo tsa selegae mo dithulaganyong tsa lefatshe jaaka Wikipedia, go oketsa go bonala le go nna botlhokwa ga tsona.<ref name=":3" /> Go nna le seabe ga setšhaba go botlhokwa ka gonne dipuo di a gola fa di buiwa le go tlotliwa mo botshelong jwa letsatsi le letsatsi. Go naya baagi maatla a go kwala dipuo tsa bone, go di ruta dikokomana tse disha le go keteka ngwao-boswa ya dipuo tsa bone ka meletlo le ditiragalo tsa setso go nonotsha dikamano tsa loago.<ref name=":3" /><ref>https://immi.se/index.php/intercultural/article/view/Mudauetal-2024-4</ref> Tokafatso ya thuto, jaaka go tsenya dipuo tsotlhe tsa semmuso mo kharikhulamong ya sekolo le go katisa barutabana ka mekgwa ya go ruta ka dipuo tse dintsi go thusa go tlhomamisa gore bana ba gola ba bua dipuo tsa bone tsa tlholego ka thelelo fa gape ba ithuta dipuo tse dingwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://afrolingo.co.za/speaking-diversity-unpacking-the-11-official-language-in-south-africa/ |access-date=2025-04-30 |archive-date=2025-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430142113/https://afrolingo.co.za/speaking-diversity-unpacking-the-11-official-language-in-south-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Metswedi == <references responsive="" /> 3ldepvdeo8v6w80ghsi2bziwpfynu3v 0 10511 50365 39965 2026-06-09T09:42:53Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50365 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dipuo''' tse di farologaneng tsa [[Aforika Borwa]] ke karolo ya pele ya boitseanape jwa setso sa rona. Maiteko a go boloka le go tshegetsa pharologanyo eno a botlhokwa go sireletsa boswa jwa rona le go netefatsa gore botlhe ba amogelesega mo ntshetsopele.<ref>https://southafrica-info.com/arts-culture/11-languages-south-africa/</ref> == Ngwao le hisitori == Dipuo tsa Aforika Borwa di golagane thata le setso le hisetori ya naga, di dira jaaka dikgolagano tse di botlhokwa tsa dingwao le boitshupo. Dipuo tseno di na le ditori, dingwao le mekgwa ya botshelo e e tlhalosang merafe e e farologaneng ya setšhaba sa [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref name=":1">https://www.sanews.gov.za/features-south-africa/preserving-culture-language</ref> Go di boloka go tlhomamisa gore dipolelo tseno tse di humileng tsa setso ga di latlhege mo tsamaong ya nako, go dira gore dikokomana tse di tlang di kgone go nna le kamano le boswa jwa bone le segopodiso sa bone. Fa go sa dirwe maiteko a go boloka dipuo tseno, kitso e e botlhokwa ya setso le dikgopolo tsa hisitori di ka nyelela ka bosakhutleng.<ref>https://face2faceafrica.com/article/the-importance-of-language-preservation-in-african-cultures</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.africanleadershipmagazine.co.uk/why-africa-must-act-to-save-its-native-languages-from-extinction/</ref> == Go ithuta puo == Go ruta bana ka puo ya bone ya tlholego go botlhokwa thata gore ba kgone go ithuta ka tsela e e kgatlhisang le gore ba gole sentle mo tlhaloganyong. Fa bana ba ithuta ka puo ya bone, ba kgona go tlhaloganya dilo motlhofo e bile ba kgona go nna le seabe ka botlalo mo thutong.<ref name=":0" /> Mokgwa ono ga o tokafatse fela maduo a thuto mme gape o thusa go boloka dipuo tseno ka go di fetisetsa mo dikokomaneng tse disha. Dikolo tse di tsenyeletsang dipuo tsa selegae mo kharikhulamong ya tsone di na le seabe se segolo mo go bolokeng dipuo tseno di tshela e bile di le botlhokwa mo setšhabeng sa gompieno<ref name=":0" /> === Ditshono tse di lekanang === Go somarela puo gape go rotloetsa tekatekano ya loago le go akaretsa batho botlhe. Fa batho ba kgona go dirisa dipuo tsa bone tsa tlholego mo botshelong jwa setšhaba, go ka direga thata gore ba nne le seabe ka botlalo mo setšhabeng le go bona ditshono tsa ikonomi.<ref name=":1" /> Go farologana le seo, go kgaphela dipuo tsa selegae kwa thoko go ka dira gore batho ba se ka ba akarediwa mo setšhabeng le gore go nne le go sa lekalekane. Ka go tlotla le go sireletsa dipuo tsotlhe tsa Aforika Borwa, naga e rotloetsa tekatekano le tlotlo gareng ga baagi ba yona ba ba farologaneng, go tshegetsa momagano ya loago le kopano.<ref name=":1" /> == Tshireletso ya puo == [[Setshwantsho:South Africa 2011 dominant language map.svg|thumb| '''Mmapa wa dipuo tse di buiwang thata mo Aforika Borwa''']] Dipuo dingwe tsa mo Afrika Borwa di ka nna mo kotsing, fa go sa tlhole go na le batho ba le bantsi ba ba di buang. Kotsi e e tshosetsang go nyelela ga tsone. Go tlhokega maiteko a a kopanetsweng go tsosolosa dipuo tseno ka go kwala, thuto le go nna le seabe mo setšhabeng.<ref name=":2">https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/EJC129282</ref> Go gatisa dibuka, go dira didirisiwa tsa go ithuta, le go kgothaletsa gore di dirisiwe mo magaeng le kwa dikolong go ka thusa go tsosolosa dipuo tseno.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fwdeklerk.org/preserving-south-africas-indigenous-languages-a-living-legacy-for-future-generations/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-05-08 |archive-date=2025-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250529214646/https://fwdeklerk.org/preserving-south-africas-indigenous-languages-a-living-legacy-for-future-generations/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Go sireletsa dipharologano tsa dipuo go botlhokwa e seng fela ka ntlha ya khumo ya setso mme gape le ka ntlha ya go somarela mekgwa ya kitso ya batho ba tlholego le dikakanyo tsa lefatshe tse di akareditsweng mo dipuong tseno.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> == Metswedi == 2e5bixs1rcqs7j5mxijgbr1r58oison 0 10562 50344 49823 2026-06-09T01:57:31Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50344 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mokgatlho wa Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng wa Thuto, Maranyane le Setso''' ( '''UNESCO''' /j uː ˈ n ɛ s k oʊ / ) <ref>{{Cite web|title=UNESCO|url=https://www.unesco.org/|website=UNESCO|access-date=22 July 2025}}</ref> [ a ] ke lekalana le le kgethegileng la [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng]] (UN) ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa kagiso le tshireletsego ya lefatshe ka bophara ka tirisanommogo ya boditšhabatšhaba mo thutong, bodiragatsi, maranyane le setso. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/brief/|title=Introducing UNESCO|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=22 July 2025}}</ref> <ref name="history">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/about-us/who-we-are/history/|title=UNESCO history|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=23 April 2011}}</ref> E na le ditšhaba tsa maloko di le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le bone le maloko a a amanang le one a le lesome le bobedi,<ref>{{Cite web|title=List of UNESCO members and associates|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/countries|access-date=23 August 2022|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> ga mmogo le badiri ka yone mo makalaneng a e seng a puso, a dipuso le a a ikemetseng ka nosi . <ref>{{Cite web|date=25 June 2013|title=Partnerships|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/partnerships|access-date=19 August 2020|website=UNESCO}}</ref> Ntlokgolo ya UNESCO e kwa Paris, kwa Fora, e na le diofisi tsa kgaolo di le masome a le matlhano <ref>{{Cite web|title=Field offices|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/fieldoffice?hub=171411|access-date=19 August 2020|website=UNESCO}}</ref> le dikhomišene tsa setšhaba di le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le boferabongwe. <ref>{{Cite web|date=28 September 2012|title=National Commissions|url=https://pax.unesco.org/countries/NationalCommissions.html|access-date=19 August 2020|website=UNESCO}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=1 August 2019|title=About UNESCO Office for the Pacific States|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/fieldoffice/pacific/about|access-date=24 July 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> UNESCO e tlhomilwe ka 1945 jaaka motlhatlhami wa Komiti ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Tirisanommogo ya Botlhale ya Lekgotla la Ditšhabatšhaba. Thomo ya go tlhoma UNESCO, e e neng ya bopiwa ke ditiragalo tsa Ntwa ya Lefatshe II, ke go atolosa kagiso, tlhabololo e e tswelelang le ditshwanelo tsa batho ka go tlhofofatsa tirisanommogo le dipuisano magareng ga ditšhaba. E latelela maikaelelo a ka dikarolo tse tlhano tse dikgolo tsa lenaneo: thuto, maranyane a tsa tlholego, maranyane a tsa setho/batho, setso le ditlhaeletsano/kitso. UNESCO e tshegetsa mananeo a a tokafatsang kitso ya go bala le go kwala, e tlamela ka katiso le thuto ya setegeniki, e atolosa kitso ya maranyane pele, e sireletsa bobegadikgang jo bo ikemetseng le kgololesego ya bobegadikgang, e somarela ditso tsa dikgaolo le kabakanyo ya tsa setso, le go rotloetsa kabakanyo ya setso.Mokgatlho o o thusa thata go tlhoma le go sireletsa Mafelo a Boswa jwa Lefatshe a a botlhokwa mo setsong le mo tlholegong. UNESCO e laolwa ke Bokopano jwa Botlhe bo bo bopilweng ke maloko a mafatshe le maloko a a amanang le one, e e kopanang gabedi ka ngwaga go tlhoma mananeo le tekanyetso ya go dirisa madi. Gape e tlhopha maloko a khuduthamaga e e laolang tiro ya UNESCO, gape e tlhoma Mookamela Mogolo morago ga dingwaga di le nne gangwe le gape, yo o dirang jaaka motsamaisi yo mogolo wa UNESCO.   === Tlhago === UNESCO le maikaelelo magolo atirisanommogo ya boditšhabatšhaba di ka latedisiwa go ya kwa tshwetsong ya Lekgotla la Ditšhabatšhaba ka la bo 21 Lwetse 1921, go tlhopha khomišene go ithuta kgonagalo ya gore ditšhaba di abelane diphitlhelelo tsa setso, thuto le saense ka kgololesego. [1] [2] Setlhopha se seša seno, e leng Komiti ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Tirisanommogo ya Ditlhaloganyo ( ICIC ), se ne sa tlhomiwa ka 1922 [3] mme se ne se na le batho ba ba jaaka Henri Bergson, Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, Robert A. Millikan, le Gonzague de Reynold mo gare ga maloko a sone a a neng a tlhomile dikhomišene tse dinnye tsa Yuropa Bophirima [4] ) . Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa Tirisanommogo ya Botlhale (IIIC) se ne sa tlhamiwa kwa Paris ka Lwetse 1924, go dira jaaka setheo se se diragatsang sa ICIC. [5] Le fa go ntse jalo, go simolola ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe II go ne ga kgoreletsa tiro ya mekgatlho eno e e neng e le teng pele ga yone thata. [6] Fa e le ka maiteko a poraefete, Biro ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Thuto (IBE) e ne ya simolola go dira jaaka mokgatlho o e seng wa puso mo tirelong ya tlhabololo ya thuto ya boditšhabatšhaba fa e sale ka Sedimonthole 1925 [ 21 ] mme ya tsenela UNESCO ka 1969, morago ga go tlhoma khomišene e e kopanetsweng ka 1952. === Go simololwa ga yone === Morago ga go bewa menwana ga Tšhata ya Atlantic le Mokwalo Papamatso wa Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng, Bokopano jwa Ditona tsa Thuto tse di Kopaneng ( CAME ) bo ne jwa simolola diphuthego kwa Lontone tse di neng tsa tswelela go tloga ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le borataro 1942 go fitlha ka Sedimonthole a le botlhano 1945. United Kingdom, Amerika le USSR. Se se ne sa latelwa ke ditshitshinyo tsa Khonferense ya Dumbarton Oaks ya 9 Diphalane 1944. Ka tshitshinyo ya CAME le go ya ka dikgakololo tsa Khonferense ya Ditšhabakopano ya Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba (UNCIO), e e neng e tshwerwe kwa San Francisco go tloga ka Moranang go fitlha ka Seetebosigo 1945, go ne ga nna le Khonferense ya Ditšhabakopano ya go tlhoma mokgatlho wa setso/CONF) e ne ya kopanela kwa Lontone go tloga ka 1 go ya go 16 Ngwanatsele 1945 go emetswe dipuso di le masome a manè le bone. Kgopolo ya UNESCO e ne ya tlhamiwa thata ke Rab Butler, Tona ya Thuto ya United Kingdom, yo o neng a na le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo go tlhabololeng ga yone. [1] Kwa ECO/CONF, Molaotheo wa UNESCO o ne wa tlhagisiwa le go saeniwa ke dinaga di le 37, mme ga tlhomiwa Khomišene ya Paakanyetso. [2] Khomišene ya Paakanyetso e ne ya dira fa gare ga 16 Ngwanaitseele 1945, le 4 Ngwanatsele 1946 — letlha le Molaotheo wa UNESCO o neng wa tsena mo tirisong ka lone ka go tsenngwa ga kamogelo ya masome a mabedi ke naga e e leng leloko. Bokopano jwa Botlhe jwa ntlha bo ne jwa tshwarwa go tloga ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le boferabongwe go fitlha ka Sedimonthole a lesome 1946, mme ga tlhophiwa Julian Huxley go nna Mookamedi-mogolo. [26] Mokolonele wa Sesole sa United States, e le moeteledipele wa sekolo sa ithutelo ditiro gape e le mmueledi wa ditshwanelo tsa batho Blake R. Van Leer le ene o ne a nna leloko.[ 27] Molaomotheo o ne wa fetolwa ka Ngwanatsele 1954 fa phuthego ya Bokopano jwa Botlhe e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya gore maloko a lekgotla la khuduthamaga e tla nna baemedi ba dipuso tsa ditšhaba tse ba leng baagi ba tsone mme ba ka se dire jaaka pele, ba dirisa bokgoni jwa dithata tsa bone ka sebele. [ 28] Phetogo eno mo pusong e ne ya farologanya UNESCO le e e neng e e okametse pele, e leng ICIC, ka tsela e dinaga tse e leng maloko di neng di tla dirisana mmogo ka yone mo dikarolong tse mokgatlho ono o nang le taolo mo go tsone. Phetogo e mo pusong e ne ya farologanya UNESCO le e e neng e e okametse pele, e leng ICIC, ka tsela e ditšhaba tse e leng maloko di neng di dirisana mmogo ka yone mo dikarolong tse mokgatlho o o neng o na le taolo mo go tsone. Jaaka ditšhaba tsa maloko di ne di dira mmogo mo tsamaong ya nako go diragatsa maikaelelo a UNESCO, mabaka a sepolotiki le a ditso a ne a bopa ditiro tsa mokgatlho segolobogolo ka nako ya Ntwa ya Botsididi, thulaganyo ya go emisa bokoloniale, le go phatlaladiwa ga Soviet Union.[ 29][30] === .Tlhabololo === Gareng ga diphitlhelelo tse dikgolo tsa mokgatlho o ke tiro ya one kgatlhanong le bosemorafe, sekai ke dipolelo tse di nang le tlhotlheletso ka ga lotso go simolola ka mokwalo Papamatso wa baithutatlholego (gareng ga bone go ne go na le Claude Lévi-Strauss ) le bomankge ba maranyane ba bangwe ka 1950 mme ya wetsa ka Mokwalo Papamatso wa 1978 ka ga Lotso le Kgethololo ya Lotso . Ka 1955, [[Aforika Borwa|Lefatshe la Aforika Borwa]] le ne la ikgogela morago mo UNESCO le bolela gore dikgatiso dingwe tsa mokgatlho di ne di leka "go tsenelela" mo "mathateng a bosemorafe" jwa lefatshe. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Apartheid: its effects on education, science, culture and information|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000002428|access-date=2024-07-26|date=1967|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> Le tsene gape mo mokgatlhong ka 1994 ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa ga [[Nelson Mandela]] . <ref>{{Citation|title=UNESCO Teaches History: Implementing International Understanding in Sweden|date=2016|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-58120-4_11|work=201–230|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan UK|access-date=17 September 2020}}</ref> Nngwe ya ditiro tsa ntlha tsa UNESCO mo lephateng la thuto e ne e le lenaneo la teko ya thuto ya go tswa kwa moding kwa Marbial Valley, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/48223/pf0000000372|access-date=2025-06-17|website=unesdoc.unesco.org}}</ref> Haiti, e e neng ya simololwa ka 1947. Morago ga lenaneo le nngwe ya ditiro tsa baitseanape kwa mafatsheng a mangwe, e ne e akaretsa thomo ya 1949 kwa Afghanistan. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=UNESCO at 74: An overview of its laudable progress|url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/views/reviews/unesco-at-74-an-overview-of-its-laudable-progress-1573916648|access-date=2024-07-26|website=The Financial Express}}</ref> UNESCO e ne ya akantsha 1948 gore mafatshe a e leng Maloko a tshwanetse go dira gore thuto e e kotlase ya mahala e nne e e patelediwang le e e amogelwang ke batho botlhe. <ref name=":0" /> [[The 1990 World Conference on Education for All|Bokopano jwa Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Thuto ya Botlhe]], kwa Jomtien, Thailand, bo ne jwa simolola mokgatlho wa lefatshe lotlhe ka 1990 go tlamela ka thuto ya go tswa kwa moding go bana botlhe, banana le bagolo. <ref name=":0" /> Ka 2000, Foramo ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Thuto kwa Dakar, kwa Senegal, e ne ya dira gore dipuso tse e leng maloko a tsone di itlame go fitlhelela thuto ya go tswa kwa moding ya botlhe ka 2015 . <ref name=":0" /> Mokwalo Papamatso wa Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Thuto e e kgolwane e ne ya amogelwa ke Phuthego a Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Thuto e e kgolwane ya UNESCO ka di 9 Diphalane 1998, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000141952|title=World Declaration On Higher Education For The Twenty-First Century: Vision And Action|publisher=UNESCO|date=1998-10-09|access-date=2012-11-12}}</ref> ka boikaelelo jwa go tlhoma maemo a lefatshe ka bophara ka ga dikeletso le phitlhelelo ya thuto e e kgolwane . Ditiro tsa ntlha tsa UNESCO mo setsong di ne di akaretsa Letsholo la Boditšhabatšhaba la go Boloka Difikantswe tsa Nubia, le le neng la simololwa ka 1960. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Monuments of Nubia-International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/activities/172/|access-date=2024-07-26|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> Boikaelelo jwa letsholo le ne e le go fudusa Tempele e Kgolo ya Abu Simbel gore e se ka ya khurumediwa ke Nile morago ga go agiwa letamo la Aswan . Mo letsholong le la dingwaga di le masome a mabedi go ne ga fudusiwa difikantswe le mafelo a a agilweng a le masomea mabedi le bobedi. Se ne e le lantlha gape le le logolo go gaisa mo motseletseleng wa matsholo a a neng a akaretsa Mohenjo-daro (Pakistan), Fes (Morocco), Kathmandu (Nepal), Borobudur (Indonesia) le Acropolis ya Athena (Gerika). Tiro ya mokgatlho o ka ga boswa e ne ya dira gore go amogelwe, ka 1972, Tumalano e e amanang le Tshireletso ya Boswa jwa Setso le jwa Tlhago jwa Lefatshe Lotlhe. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The World Heritage Convention|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/convention/|access-date=2024-07-26|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> Ka 1976, Komiti ya Boswa jwa Lefatshe e ne ya tlhongwa mme mafelo a ntlha a ne a akarediwa mo Lenaneong la Boswa jwa Lefatshe ka 1978. <ref>{{Cite web|title=41st Session of the World Heritage Committee|publisher=The City of Krakow|url=https://www.krakow.pl/krakow_open_city/see_also___/211447,339,komunikat,41st_session_of_the_world_heritage_committee_.html|date=18 August 2017|access-date=2024-07-26}}</ref> Fa e sa le ka nako eo didirisiwa tsa botlhokwa tsa semolao ka ga boswa jwa setso le pharologano di ile tsa amogelwa ke ditšhaba tse e leng maloko tsa UNESCO ka 2003 ( Tumalano ya go Sireletsa Boswa jwa Lefatshe ) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Text of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/convention|access-date=2024-07-26|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> le 2005 ( Tumalano ya Tshireletso le Thotloetso ya Mefutafuta ya Ditlhagiso tsa Setso ) . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/legal-affairs/convention-protection-and-promotion-diversity-cultural-expressions|title=Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=9 August 2024}}</ref> P​<ref>{{Cite web|title=About CERN|url=https://home.cern/about|access-date=2024-07-26|publisher=[[CERN]]}}</ref> Ka 1968, UNESCO e ne ya rulaganya khonferense ya ntlha ya dipuso tse di farologaneng e e neng e ikaeletse go kopanya tikologo le tlhabololo, e leng bothata jo bo tswelelang go rarabololwa mo lephateng la tlhabololo e e tswelelang . Dipoelo tse dikgolo tsa khonferense ya 1968 e ne e le go tlhamiwa ga Lenaneo la UNESCO la Monna le Lefelo la Ditshedi . Mo lephateng la tlhaeletsano, "go elela ga dikakanyo ka kgololesego ka lefoko le setshwantsho" go ntse go le mo molaotheong wa UNESCO fa e sa le o tlhongwa, go latela maitemogelo a Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya Bobedi fa taolo ya tshedimosetso e ne e le ntlha ya go ruta batho go nna bogale. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization: Seeds of Peace, Weeds of War|url=https://irpj.euclid.int/articles/united-nations-educational-scientific-and-cultural-organization-seeds-of-peace-weeds-of-war/|access-date=2024-07-26|website=IRPJ = Intergovernmental Research and Policy Journal}}</ref> Mo dingwageng tse di neng tsa latela morago fela ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe II, maiteko a ne a tlhomiwa mogopolo mo go ageng sesha le mo go lemogeng ditlhokego tsa ditsela tsa tlhaeletsano ya batho ba le bantsi mo lefatsheng lotlhe. UNESCO e simolotse go rulaganyetsa katiso le thuto ya babegadikgang ka dingwaga tsa bo 1950. <ref name=":1" /> Go tsibogela dipitso tsa " Taelo ya Lefatshe e Ntšhwa ya Tshedimosetso le Tlhaeletsano " kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1970, UNESCO e ne ya tlhoma Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Thuto ya Mathata a Tlhaeletsano, <ref name=":2">{{Cite book|pages=147–169}}</ref> e e neng ya tlhagisa pegelo ya MacBride ya 1980 (e e bidiwang ka modulasetulo wa khomišene, Mokgele wa Kagiso wa Nobel Seureate MacB ). <ref name=":2" /> Ka one ngwaga oo, UNESCO e ne ya tlhama Lenaneo la Boditšhabatšhaba la Tlhabololo ya Tlhaeletsano (IPDC), e leng foramo ya dinaga di le dintsi e e diretsweng go rotloetsa tlhabololo ya bobegakgang mo dinageng tse di tlhabologang. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/international-programme-development-communication/about|title=International Programme for the Development of Communication – About|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=9 August 2024}}</ref> Ka 1993, Khonferensekakaretso ya UNESCO e ne ya tshegetsa Maipolelo a Windhoek ka boipuso jwa bobegadikgang le bontsi, e leng se se dirileng gore Kokoanokakaretso ya UN e itsise letlha la go amogelwa ga yone, 3 Motsheganong, jaaka Letsatsi la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Kgololesego ya Bobegadikgang . <ref>{{Cite web|title=World Press Freedom Day|url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/press-freedom-day|access-date=2024-07-26|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> Fa e sale ka 1997, UNESCO e ntse e aba Mokgele wa Kgololesego ya Bobegadikgang wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa UNESCO / Guillermo Cano ka di 3 tsa Mot === Lekgolo la bo21 la dingwaga === Ka 2011, UNESCO e ne ya amogela Palesetina go nna leloko. Melao e e neng ya fetisiwa kwa United States morago ga gore Palestina e dire kopo ya go nna leloko la UNESCO le WHO ka Moranang 1989 <ref name="Sakran2019">{{Cite book|pages=64–}}</ref> e raya gore United States ga e ka ke ya thusa ka madi mo mokgatlhong ope wa UN o o amogelang Palestina jaaka leloko le le tletseng. <ref>{{Cite news|title=U.S. stops UNESCO funding over Palestinian vote|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-unesco-usa-funding/u-s-stops-unesco-funding-over-palestinian-vote-idUSTRE79U5ED20111031|date=31 October 2011|access-date=26 February 2020}}</ref> Ka ntlha ya seo, United States e ne ya gogela morago matlole a yone, a a neng a dira mo e ka nnang 22% ya tekanyetso ya madi ya UNESCO. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/01/world/middleeast/unesco-approves-full-membership-for-palestinians.html|title=Unesco Approves Full Membership for Palestinians|date=31 October 2011|access-date=31 October 2011}}</ref> Iseraele gape e ne ya tsibogela go amogelwa ga Palestina mo UNESCO ka go emisa dituelo tsa Iseraele mo UNESCO le go tsenya dikiletso mo Bogoging jwa Palestina, <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/after-unesco-vote-israeli-sanctions-on-palestinian-authority-anger-u-s-1.393600|title=After UNESCO vote, Israeli sanctions on Palestinian Authority anger U.S.|date=4 November 2011|access-date=11 December 2011|archivedate=7 December 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111207205936/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/after-unesco-vote-israeli-sanctions-on-palestinian-authority-anger-u-s-1.393600}}</ref> e bolela gore go amogelwa ga Palestina go tla nna kotsi " mo dipuisanong tse di ka nnang teng tsa kagiso " . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2011-11-03/middleeast/world_meast_israel-unesco_1_unesco-palestinian-bid-palestinian-state?_s=PM:MIDDLEEAST|publisher=CNN|title=Israel freezes UNESCO funds|date=3 December 2011|access-date=11 December 2011}}</ref> Ka 2013, dingwaga di le pedi morago ga go emisa go duela dituelo tsa yone kwa UNESCO, United States le Iseraele di ne tsa latlhegelwa ke ditshwanelo tsa go tlhopha tsa UNESCO, mme di sa latlhegelwe ke tshwanelo ya go tlhophiwa; ka jalo, United States e ne ya tlhophiwa go nna leloko la boto ya khuduthamaga mo pakeng ya go tloga ka 2016 go ya go 2019. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-unesco-idUSBRE9A70I320131108|title=U.S., Israel lose voting rights at UNESCO over Palestine row|work=Reuters|date=8 November 2013|access-date=29 June 2014}}</ref> Ka 2019, Iseraele e ne ya tlogela UNESCO morago ga dingwaga di le masome a le marataro le boferabongwe e le leloko, mme moemedi wa Iseraele kwa UN Danny Danon o ne a kwala jaana: "UNESCO ke setlhopha se se tswelelang go kwala ditso sesha, go akaretsa le ka go phimola kgolagano ya Bajuda le Jerusalema... e sentswe le go dirisiwa ka boferefere ke baba ba Iseraele... ga re kake ranna leloko la mokgatlho yo o berekang kgatlhanong le rona ka bomo." <ref>{{Cite web|title="69 years after joining, Israel formally leaves UNESCO; so, too, does the US" – The Times of Israel|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/69-years-after-joining-israel-formally-leaves-un-cultural-body/|access-date=2 February 2021|website=[[The Times of Israel]]}}</ref> Ka 2023, Russia e ne ya kgaphelwa thoko mo komiting ya khuduthamaga lekgetho la ntlha, morago ga go palelwa ke go bona ditlhopho tse di lekaneng. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Russia not elected to UNESCO Executive Board for the first time|url=https://kyivindependent.com/russia-not-elected-to-unesco-executive-board-for-the-first-time/|date=15 November 2023}}</ref> Gape ka 2023, United States e ne ya bolela maikaelelo a yone a go boela mo UNESCO, dingwaga di le tlhano morago ga go tswa, le go duela didikadike di le makgolo a le borataro tsa didolara tsa Amerikale tsa dituelo tsa yone tsa morago. <ref name="usa2023">{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/unesco-us-rejoin-palestine-china-5b7849bd2cae966e4e9837380c0c094f|first=Angela|last=Charlton|date=2023-06-12|access-date=2024-09-26|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|title=US decides to rejoin UNESCO and pay back dues, to counter Chinese influence}}</ref> United States e ne ya amogelwa gape ke [[UNESCO|Bokopano jwa Botlhe jwa UNESCO]] ka Phukwi yoo. <ref name="uspbs">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/u-s-formally-rejoins-unesco-5-years-after-withdraw|title=U.S. formally rejoins UNESCO 5 years after withdraw|last=Lee|first=Matthew|website=[[PBS]]|date=2024-09-26|access-date=2023-07-11}}</ref> == Ditiragalo ==   UNESCO e diragatsa ditiro tsa yone ka dikarolo di le tlhano tsa lenaneo: thuto, Maranyane a tlholego, Maranyane a setho le batho, setso, le tlhaeletsano le kitso. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/fieldoffice/newdelhi/expertise|title=Expertise|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=9 August 2024}}</ref> * UNESCO e tshegetsa dipatlisiso mo thutong ya papiso, e tlamela ka boitseanape le go rotloetsa tirisanommogo go nonotsha boeteledipele jwa bosetšhaba jwa thuto le bokgoni jwa ditšhaba go tlamela botlhe ka thuto ya boleng . Seno se akaretsa ** Ditilo tsa UNESCO, e leng mafaratlhatlha a boditšhabatšhaba a ditilo tsa UNESCO di le makgolo a le marataro le masome a le mane le bone tse di akaretsang makalana a feta makgolo a le bosupa le masome a le supa mo mafatsheng a le lekgolo le masome a mabedi le borataro ** Mokgatlho wa Tshomarelo ya Tikologo ** Tumalano e e Kgatlhanong le Kgethololo mo Thutong e e amogetsweng ka 1960 ** Mokgatlho wa Phuthego ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Thuto ya Bagolo ( CONFINTEA ) mo pakeng ya dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi ** Go gatisiwa ga Pegelo ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Tlhokomelo ya Thuto ya Botlhe ** Go gatisiwa ga ''tokomane e e botlhokwa thata ya Dipilara tse Nnè tsa go Ithuta'' ** [[UNESCO|UNESCO ASPNet]], e leng mafaratlhatlha a boditšhabatšhaba a dikolo di feta dikete di le lesome le bobedi mo mafatsheng a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabobedi le bobedi UNESCO ga e neele dikolo tsa thuto e kgolwane tetlelelosemmuso. Kgoro ya UNESCO ya go dira dilo mo pepeneneng e diretswe go kgontsha setšhaba go bona tshedimosetso tebang le ditiro tsa Mokgatlho, jaaka tekanyetso ya tiriso ya madi ya yone e kopanetsweng ya dingwaga di le pedi, mmogo le dikgolagano tsa ditokomane tse di lebaganeng le mananeo le tsa matlole. Ditlhopha tse pedi tse tse di farologaneng tsa tshedimosetso di gatisitswe mo ya IATI, ka go latelana go ikaegilwe ka Seelo sa Tiro sa IATI le Seelo sa Mokgatlho wa IATI. <ref>{{Cite web|title=UNESCO Transparency Portal|url=https://opendata.unesco.org/en/|access-date=2021-03-01|website=opendata.unesco.org|archive-date=2021-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510034410/https://opendata.unesco.org/en/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === Mananeo a masha a a akanyeditsweng === Go akanyeditswe mananeo a mabedi a masha a UNESCO. <ref name="newunescolists">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/cairo/culture/tangible-cultural-heritage/|title=Tangible Cultural Heritage – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|website=unesco.org|access-date=2018-03-18}}</ref> Lenaneo la ntlha le le akanyeditsweng le tla tsepamisa mogopolo mo bosweng jwa setso jo bo tsamayang jaaka dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla, ditshwantsho tse di takilweng, le dilo tse di tshelang. Lenaneo le le ka akaretsa dilo tsa setso, tse di jaaka Jōmon Venus wa kwa Japane, ''Mona Lisa'' wa Fora, Thipa ya Gebel el-Arak ya [[Egypt|Egepeto]], ''Lekhubu la Borobongwe'' la Russia, Mosadi yo o Ntseng wa Çatalhöyük wa Turkey, <nowiki><i id="mwAq8">Dafide</i></nowiki> (Michelangelo) wa Italy, Mathura Herakles wa kwa India, Manuwppiek wa kwa Korea, Manuwppiek wa kwa ''Korea'' . ''Hay Wain'' wa United Kingdom, le [[Benin Bronzes|Diboronse tsa Benin]] tsa Nigeria. <ref name="newunescolists"/> Lenaneo la bobedi le le akanyeditsweng le tla remelela mo ditshiding tsa lefatshe ka bophara.l<ref name="newunescolists"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/documents/114908|title=UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Document – Discovered artifacts under preservation, Archaeological Site, 18 Hoang Dieu street|first=UNESCO World Heritage|last=Centre|website=whc.unesco.org|access-date=2019-12-26}}</ref> == Bobegakgang == UNESCO le makalana a yone a a kgethegileng a gatisa dibukana di le mmalwa. E tlhamilwe ka 1945, bukana ya ''UNESCO Courier'' e bolela maikaelelo a one go "rotloetsa dikeletso tsa UNESCO, go tlhokomela serala sa dipuisano magareng ga ditso le go tlamela ka foramo ya dingangisano tsa boditšhabatšhaba". Fa e sa le ka March 2006 e ntse e bonwa mahala mo Internet, mme e na le ditokololo tse di gatisitsweng tse di lekanyeditsweng. Ditlhogo tsa yone di tlhagisa maikutlo a bakwadi ba e seng maikutlo a UNESCO. Go ne ga nna le kgaotso ya go gatisa fa gare ga 2012 le 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/courier/archives|title=Archives|website=The UNESCO Courier|publisher=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|access-date=14 November 2018|date=20 April 2017}}</ref> Ka 1950, UNESCO e ne ya simolola tshekatsheko ya kotara le kotara ''ya Tlhotlheletso ya Maranyane mo Setšhabeng'' (e gape e bidiwang ''Impact'' ) go tlotla ka tlhotlheletso ya maranyane setšhabeng. Lekwalobukana le ne la emisa go gatisiwa ka 1992. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/education/nfsunesco/brochure/E29.PDF|title=Science and Technology Education|publisher=UNESCO|date=1998|access-date=23 June 2016}}</ref> == DiNGO tsa semmuso tsa UNESCO == UNESCO e na le dikamano tsa semmuso le mekgatlho ya boditšhabatšhaba e e seng ya puso (di-NGO) e le malgolo a le mararo le masome a mabedi le bobedi. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ngo-db.unesco.org/s/or/en|title=Quoted on UNESCO official site|publisher=Ngo-db.unesco.org|access-date=1 July 2012}}</ref> Bontsi jwa tse ke tse UNESCO e di bitsang "tse di dirang"; di le mmalwa tse di tlhophilweng ke tsa "semmuso". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=35293&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html|title=Full list of NGOs that have official relations with UNESCO|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=1 July 2012}}</ref> Mofuta o o kwa godimo wa go nna leloko la UNESCO ke "molekane wa semmuso", mme diNGO di le masome a mabedi le bobedi <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ngo-db.unesco.org/s/or/en|title=UNESCO Headquarters Committee 107th session 13 Feb 2009|publisher=Ngo-db.unesco.org|access-date=1 July 2012}}</ref> tse di nang le dikamano ''tsa semmuso tsa molekane'' (ASC) tse di nang le diofisi kwa UNESCO ke: {| class="sortable wikitable" !Khutshwafatso ! Thulaganyo |- | IB | Boditšhabatšhaba jwa Dikerite |- | CCIVS | Komiti ya Kgokaganyo ya Tirelo ya Boithaopo ya Boditšhabatšhaba |- | CIPSH | Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Filosofi le Dithuto tsa Botho ( ''Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Filosofi le Disaense Tsa Batho'' ; le gatisa Diogenes ) . |- | CIOFF | Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Mekgatlho ya Mekete ya Ditso le Botsweretshi jwa Setso ( ''Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Mekgatlho ya Meletlo ya Ditso le Botsweretshi jwa Setso'' ) . |- | EI | Thuto ya Boditšhabatšhaba |- | IAU | Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Diyunibesiti |- | IFTC | Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Difilimi, Thelebišene le Tlhaeletsano ya Ditsebe le Ditshwantsho |- | ICOM | Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Dimusiamo |- | ICSSPE | Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Saense ya Metshameko le Thuto ya go Itshidila mmele |- | ICA | Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Diakhaefe |- | IKOMOS | Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Difikantswe le Mafelo |- | IFJ | Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Babegadikgang |- | IFLA | Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Mekgatlho ya Dilaeborari le Ditheo |- | IFPA | Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Mekgatlho ya Poko |- | IMC | Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Mmino |- | IPA | Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Sepodisi |- | SETLAKETA | Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Saense la Tlhabololo ya Ditlhaketlhake |- | ISC | Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Saense ( le pele e neng e le ICSU le ISSC ) |- | ITI | Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa Bobogelo |- | IUCN | Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Tshomarelo ya Tlhago le Ditsompelo tsa Tlhago |- | IUTAO | Kopano ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Mekgatlho le Mekgatlho ya Setegeniki |- | UIA | Kopano ya Mekgatlho ya Boditšhabatšhaba |- | WAN | Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe wa Dikuranta |- | WFEO | Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Mekgatlho ya Boenjenere |- | WFUCA | Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Ditlelapa, Disenthara le Mekgatlho ya UNESCO |} [[Setshwantsho:Unesco-IHE.JPG|thumb|Setheo sa UNESCO sa Thuto ya Metsi kwa Delft]] == Makalana le disenthara == Makalana ke maphata a kgethegileng a mokgatlho a a tshegetsang lenaneo la UNESCO, a a tlamelang ka tshegetso e e kgethegileng ya diofisi tsa ditlhopha le tsa bosetšhaba. {| class="sortable wikitable" !Khutshwafatso ! Leina ! Lefelo |- | IBE | Biro ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Thuto | Geneva <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ibe.unesco.org/en|title=International Bureau of Education|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref> |- | UIL | Setheo sa UNESCO sa Thuto ya Botshelo Jotlhe | Hamborogo <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uil.unesco.org/unesco-institute|website=UIL – UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning|title=About the Institute|access-date=14 November 2018|date=29 October 2015|archive-date=14 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114224304/http://uil.unesco.org/unesco-institute|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | IIEP | Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa UNESCO sa Thulaganyo ya Thuto | Paris ( ntlokgolo ) le Buenos Aires le Dakar ( diofisi tsa kgaolo ) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iiep.unesco.org/|title=IIEP UNESCO|access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref> |- | IITE | Setheo sa UNESCO sa Dithekenoloji tsa Tshedimosetso mo Thutong | Mosekou <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iite.unesco.org/contact-us/|website=UNESCO IITE|title=Contact Us|access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref> |- | IICBA | Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa UNESCO sa Kago ya Bokgoni mo Aforika | Adis Ababa <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iicba.unesco.org/?q=node/146|title=Contact Us|publisher=UNESCO|website=IICBA|access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref> |- | IESAL | Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa UNESCO sa Thutogodimo kwa Latin America le kwa Caribbean | Karakase <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iesalc.unesco.org.ve/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2030&Itemid=1411&lang=en|title=Contact Us|publisher=UNESCO|website=IESALC|access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref> |- | MGIEP | Setheo sa Thuto sa Mahatma Gandhi sa Kagiso le Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang Pele | Deli e Ntšha <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mgiep.unesco.org|title=Building Social and Emotional Learning for Education 2030|publisher=UNESCO|website=UNESCO MGIEP|access-date=3 February 2020}}</ref> |- | UNESCO-UNESCO | Senthara ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Thuto le Katiso ya Setegeniki le ya Tiro ya Diatla ya UNESCO-UNEVOC | Bonn <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unevoc.unesco.org/go.php?q=page_contact|title=UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre|access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref> |- | ICWRGC | Senthara ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Metswedi ya Metsi le Phetogo ya Lefatshe Lotlhe | Koblenz <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.waterandchange.org/en|website=ICWRGC – International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change|title=The International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change (ICWRGC)|access-date=4 July 2022}}</ref> |- | IHE | Setheo sa IHE-Delft sa Thuto ya Metsi | Delft <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un-ihe.org/|title=Home|website=IHE Delft Institute for Water Education|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref> |- | ICTP | Senthara ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Fisika ya Dikgopolo | Teriesete <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ictp.it/about-ictp/mission-history.aspx|website=ICTP – International Centre for Theoretical Physics|publisher=UNESCO|title=Mission & History|access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref> |- | UIS | Setheo sa Dipalopalo sa UNESCO | Montreale <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uis.unesco.org/en/contact-us|title=Contact Us|website=UNESCO Institute for Statistics|access-date=14 November 2018|date=21 November 2016}}</ref> |} == Dietsele == UNESCO e aba dietsele di le masome a mabedi le borataro mo thutong, mo maranyaneng a tlholego, mo maranyaneng a tsa setho le batho, mo setsong, mo tlhaeletsanong le mo tshedimosetsong mmogo le mo kagisong: === Thuto === * UNESCO/Seetsele sa Puisokwalo wa Kgosi Sejong * Seetsele sa UNESCO/Confucius wa Puisokwalo * Moputso wa UNESCO-Japan wa Thuto ya Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang Pele * Sekgele sa UNESCO sa Thuto ya Basetsana le Basadi * Seetsele sa UNESCO/Hamdan Bin Rashid Al-Maktoum wa Tiro e e ko godimo le Tiragatso ya go Ntlafatsa Bokgoni jwa Barutabana * Seetsele sa UNESCO sa Kgosi Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa wa Tiriso ya mafaratlhatlha a Tshedimosetso le Tlhaeletsano mo Thutong * Dietsele tsa L'Oréal-UNESCO tsa Basadi ba ba mo maranyaneng * Seetsele sa UNESCO/Kalinga wa go Dira gore maranyane a itsege * Seetsele sa Boditšhabatšhaba wa UNESCO-Equatorial Guinea wa Patlisiso mo Maranyaneng a Botshelo * Mokgele wa Carlos J. Finlay wa Thutoditshedi tse dinnye * Mokgele wa UNESCO/Sultan Qaboos wa go Somarela Tikologo * Seetsele sa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Mendeleev wa UNESCO-Russia wa Maranyane a Motheo * Seetsele sa Boditšhabatšhaba wa UNESCO-Al Fozan wa Thotloetso ya Bomankge ba maranyane ba ba Botlana ba STEM * Seetseele sa Michel Batisse ya Botsamaisi jwa Polokelo ya Ditshedi === Maranyane a tsa Setho le Batho === * Seetsele sa UNESCO wa Avicenna wa Maitsholo mo Saenseng * Seetsele sa UNESCO/Juan Bosch wa go Tsweletsa Patlisiso ka Saense ya Loago kwa Latin America le kwa Caribbean * Seetsele sa UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh wa Thotloetso ya Itshokelano le go se Dirise Dikgoka * Seetsele sa UNESCO-Sharjah wa Setso sa Maarabia * UNESCO/Seetsele sa Boditšhabatšhaba wa ga José Martí * Seetsele sa UNESCO-UNAM / Seetsele sa ga Jaime Torres Bodet wa maranyane a tsa setho, tsa batho le tsa bodiragatsi === Tlhaeletsano le Tshedimosetso === * Seetsele sa Kgololesego ya Bobegadikgang wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa UNESCO/Guillermo Cano * UNESCO/Mokgele wa Emir Jaber al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah go rotloetsa Thuto ya Boleng ya Batho ba ba nang le Bogole jwa Tlhaloganyo * Mokgele wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa UNESCO/Jikji === Kagiso === * Seetsele sa Félix Houphouët-Boigny sa Kagiso === Dietsele tsa Kagiso tse di seyong mo tirisong === * == Malatsi a a lebelelwang kwa UNESCO a boditšhabatšhaba == Malatsi a Boditšhabatšhaba a a lebelelwang kwa UNESCO a kwadilwe mo lenaneong le le fa tlase: {| class="sortable wikitable" !Date !Name |- |14 January |World Logic Day |- |24 January |World Day for African and [[Batswakwa ba Aferika|Afrodescendant]] Culture<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Day for African and Afrodescendant Culture|url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/decade-people-african-descent/world-day|access-date=16 March 2023|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> |- |24 January |International Day of Education |- |25 January |[[International Day of Women in Multilateralism]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Day of Women in Multilateralism|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/women-multilateralism|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |27 January |International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust |- |11 February |International Day of Women and Girls in Science |- |13 February |World Radio Day |- |21 February |[[Letsatsi la Boditšhabatšhaba la loleme lwa ga Mmè|International Mother Language Day]] |- |4 March |UNESCO World Engineering Day for Sustainable Development |- |8 March |International Women's Day |- |14 March |International Day of Mathematics |- |20 March |International Francophonie Day |- |21 March |International Day of Nowruz |- |21 March |World Poetry Day |- |21 March |[[Letsatsi la mafatshefatshe la go emisiwa ga tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala|International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination]] |- |22 March |World Water Day |- |5 April |International Day of Conscience |- |6 April |International Day of Sport for Development and Peace |- |15 April |World Art Day |- |23 April |World Book and Copyright Day |- |30 April |International Jazz Day |- |3 May |World Press Freedom Day |- |5 May |African World Heritage Day |- |5 May |World Portuguese Language Day |- |16 May |International Day of Light |- |21 May |World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development |- |22 May |International Day for Biological Diversity |- |5 June |World Environment Day |- |8 June |World Oceans Day |- |17 June |World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought |- |7 July |Kiswahili Language Day |- |18 July |Nelson Mandela International Day |- |26 July |International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem |- |9 August |International Day of the World's Indigenous People |- |12 August |International Youth Day |- |23 August |International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition |- |8 September |International Literacy Day |- |9 September |International Day to Protect Education from Attack |- |15 September |International Day of Democracy |- |20 September |International Day for University Sport |- |21 September |International Day of Peace |- |28 September |International Day for the Universal Access to Information |- |5 October |World Teachers' Day |- |6 October |International Geodiversity Day<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.geodiversityday.org/|access-date=30 March 2023|website=Geodiversity Day}}</ref> |- |11 October |International Day of the Girl Child |- |13 October |International Day for Disaster Reduction |- |17 October |International Day for the Eradication of Poverty |- |24 October |United Nations Day |- |27 October |World Day for Audiovisual Heritage |- |2 November |International Day to End Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/day/endimpunity|title=International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists|website=UNESCO|access-date=19 December 2016}}</ref> |- |3 November |International Day for Biosphere Reserves<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Day for Biosphere Reserves|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/biosphere-reserves?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab2000da82692511cafaf52f6dc60629ec28f02c5d16a29ee92a049979ffb2615f863908148ab7051430007100a07811529af602e22ee9de55e3b31523e0322c4f6fece108d426e21efdeb40145b3201dea7291bb4b36bf1200928|access-date=20 March 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |First Thursday of November |International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying<ref>{{Cite web|title=International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/against-school-violence-and-bullying?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab2000215100c9b55f50f01ef1e64051f85d005ed160afdcf1a51bcf3583574677710208e8af9298143000018e9fdf83784eb3679536c40b01a90b0f25955889d57dd8600be4d679c6274bfbe91309740e894263ea1c504e76b6e1|access-date=30 March 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |5 November |World Day of Romani Language |- |5 November |World Tsunami Awareness Day |- |10 November |World Science Day for Peace and Development |- |14 November |International Day against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Day against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/against-illicit-trafficking?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab2000821549653dba7a376b0a5b441f23d8634a07fe1a0b8047f8ed7274eefcb8bf83086389fffe143000c64e4284c7d7279202386844466d3c243ced0a6346867120dacca3b36c89c6166e3a5033c235a8e5bac9a20c2a095b25|access-date=30 March 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |Third Thursday of November |World Philosophy Day |- |16 November |International Day for Tolerance |- |18 November |International International Day of Islamic Art<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Day of Islamic Art|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/international-day-islamic-art?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab20007f0fb6123af772d877095c654e99dffd11b638c1dbcfcbe0ded4d7755fbb64e908fe0b245d143000d659354dbf4355519b3d6ff69fa0fe3d4dd01e13569dc94bfb468157404a5baea6571b52e128f194aedd3ef1a92e404c|access-date=30 March 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |25 November |International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women |- |26 November |World Olive Tree Day<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Day of the Olive Tree|url=https://www.internationaloliveoil.org/olive-world/world-day-of-the-olive-tree/|access-date=30 March 2023|website=International Olive Council|archive-date=30 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330112831/https://www.internationaloliveoil.org/olive-world/world-day-of-the-olive-tree/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |29 November |International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People |- |1 December |World AIDS Day |- |2 December |World Futures Day<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Futures Day|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/world-futures?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab20005a8944393e54498a6a76c337f206b93f3df96e7230f9cb8d5bfbd1f7d90c5ceb087a862064143000d48518290f2d33eede6cfbd08f9ea8d7ca374e7b1f573d2a3e2d1f9ce27cc48a4f9e190123c7bd6714dba119bd6b04b0|access-date=30 March 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |3 December |International Day of Persons with Disabilities |- |10 December |Human Rights Day |- |18 December |International Migrants Day |- |18 December |World Arabic Language Day |} == Ditšhaba tse e leng maloko == [[Setshwantsho:UNESCO_member_states.png|right|thumb|334x334px]] As of July 2023[update], UNESCO has 194 member states and 12 associate members.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/member-states/countries/|title=List of UNESCO members and associates|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=3 November 2011}}</ref> Some members are not [[Independent state|independent states]] and some members have additional National Organizing Committees from some of their [[Dependent territory|dependent territories]].<ref name="Palestine">{{Cite web|title=Summary update on Government progress to become a State Party to the UNESCO International Convention against Doping in Sport|url=http://www.wada-ama.org/rtecontent/document/Item_8_6_Attachment_1_SummaryUpdateGovernments_UNESCO_Oct2008_ENG_FINAL.pdf|publisher=WADA|access-date=28 July 2009|archive-date=16 January 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116165411/http://www.wada-ama.org/rtecontent/document/Item_8_6_Attachment_1_SummaryUpdateGovernments_UNESCO_Oct2008_ENG_FINAL.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> UNESCO state parties are the [[United Nations member states]] (except Israel<ref>{{Citation|title=Declaration by UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay on the withdrawal of Israel from the Organization|url=https://en.unesco.org/news/declaration-unesco-director-general-audrey-azoulay-withdrawal-israel-organization|access-date=21 February 2019}}</ref> and [[Liechtenstein]]), as well as [[Cook Islands]], [[Niue]] and [[Palestine]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties|title=State Parties|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=31 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/members/index.shtml|title=Member States of the United Nations|publisher=United Nations|access-date=31 October 2011}}</ref> Israel left UNESCO on 31 December 2018.<ref>{{Citation|title=Statement by Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO, on the occasion of the Withdrawal by the United States of America from UNESCO|url=https://en.unesco.org/news/statement-irina-bokova-director-general-unesco-occasion-withdrawal-united-states-america-unesco|access-date=21 February 2019}}</ref> Ka Motsheganong 4, 2025, Nicaragua e ne ya itsise tshwetso ya yone ya go ikgogela morago mo UNESCO, go simolola ka Sedimonthole 31, 2026. <ref>{{Cite news|title=UNESCO Statement following Nicaragua's decision to withdraw from the Organization|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-statement-following-nicaraguas-decision-withdraw-organization|access-date=2025-07-24}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nicaragua leaves UNESCO after exiled newspaper wins award – DW – 05/04/2025|url=https://www.dw.com/en/nicaragua-leaves-unesco-after-exiled-newspaper-wins-award/a-72431357|access-date=2025-07-24|website=dw.com}}</ref> United States e ne ya tswa mo UNESCO ka 1984, ya tsenela UNESCO gape ka 2003, ya tswa gape ka 2018, mme ya tsenela gape ka 2023. <ref name="usa2023"/> <ref name="us withdrawal" /> <ref name="uspbs"/> Ka Phukwi 22, 2025, United States e ne ya itsise Mookamedi-mogolo ka tshwetso ya yone ya go ikgogela morago gape go simologa ga Sedimonthole a le malatsi a le masome a mararo le bongwe.]2 <ref name="us withdrawal">{{Cite web|date=2025-07-22|title=US says it's leaving UNESCO again, only 2 years after rejoining|url=https://apnews.com/article/unesco-trump-withdraw-paris-united-nations-israel-129a4ffbce562e1aa497231e0bdd55a5|access-date=2025-07-22|website=AP News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=The United States Withdraws from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)|url=https://www.state.gov/releases/office-of-the-spokesperson/2025/07/the-united-states-withdraws-from-the-united-nations-educational-scientific-and-cultural-organization-unesco/|access-date=2025-07-22|website=United States Department of State}}</ref> 21]. <ref name="us withdrawal"/> == Makgotlana a tsa bolaodi == === Mookamedi-mogolo === Mo go Seetebosigo wa 2023, go nnile go nnile le baokamedi bagolo ba UNESCO sale jaaka e simolodisiwa, borre ba le boferabongwe le bomme ba le babedi. Baokamedi bagolo ba ba lesome le bongwe ba UNESCO ba tswa mo dikgaolong tse di borataro go tswa mo mokgatlhong: Bophirima jwa Yuropa (botlhano), Bogare jwa Amerika (bongwe), Amerika Bokone (bobedi), Africa Bophirima (bongwe), Asia Botlhaba(bongwe), le Yuropa Bophirima (bongwe). Go fitlha mo bogompienong, ga go ise go nne le Mookamedi-mogolo yo o tlhophilweng go tswa kwa dikgaolong tse di setseng di le lesome mo teng ga UNESCO: Borwabotlhaba jwa Asia, Asia Borwa, Asia Bogare le Bokone, Botlhabagare, Aforika Bokone, Aforika Botlhaba, Aforika Bogare, Aforika Borwa, Australia-Oceania, le Amerika Borwa. Lenaneo la Baokamedi bagolo ba UNESCO fa e sa le e tlhongwa ka 1946 le ntse jaana: {| class="wikitable" |+Directors-General of UNESCO | scope="col" |Order ! scope="col" |Image ! scope="col" |Name ! scope="col" |Country ! scope="col" |Term |- |1st |[[Setshwantsho:Julian_Huxley_1-2.jpg|75x75px]] | scope="row" |Julian Huxley | United Kingdom |1946–1948 |- |2nd |[[Setshwantsho:JAIME_TORRES_BODET_1902,_ESCRITOR,_POETA_Y_POLITICO_MEXICANO_(13451293993).jpg|79x79px]] | scope="row" |Jaime Torres Bodet | Mexico |1948–1952 |- bgcolor="#e6e6aa" |– |[[Setshwantsho:Captura_de_Pantalla_2022-06-03_a_las_23.24.45.png|79x79px]] |John Wilkinson Taylor | United States | bgcolor="#e6e6aa" |acting 1952–1953 |- |3rd |[[Setshwantsho:Luther_Harris_Evans,_Diretor-geral_da_United_Nations_Educational,_Scientific_and_Cultural_Organization_(UNESCO).tif|79x79px]] | scope="row" |Luther Evans | United States |1953–1958 |- |4th |[[Setshwantsho:Contemporary_history,_Italy_-_UNESCO_-_PHOTO0000002707_0001.tiff|79x79px]] | scope="row" |Vittorino Veronese | Italy |1958–1961 |- |5th |[[Setshwantsho:René_Maheu_(France),_UNESCO_Director_General_(1961-1974).JPG|76x76px]] | scope="row" |René Maheu | France |acting 1961; 1961–1974 |- |6th |[[Setshwantsho:Unesco_history,_M'Bow_-_UNESCO_-_PHOTO0000002701_0001.tiff|79x79px]] | scope="row" |Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow | Senegal |1974–1987 |- |7th |[[Setshwantsho:Federico_Mayor_Zaragoza_et_Alain_Husson-Dumoutier_(cropped).jpg|78x78px]] | scope="row" |Federico Mayor Zaragoza | Spain |1987–1999 |- |8th |[[Setshwantsho:Matsuura_Koichiro_1-2.jpg|75x75px]] | scope="row" |Koïchiro Matsuura | Japan |1999–2009 |- |9th |[[Setshwantsho:Irina_Bokova_crop.jpg|83x83px]] | scope="row" |Irina Bokova | Bulgaria |2009–2017 |- |10th |[[Setshwantsho:Didier_Plowy_-_Audrey_Azoulay_(cropped).jpg|97x97px]] | scope="row" |Audrey Azoulay | France |2017–''Incumbent'' |} === Bokopano jwa Botlhe === Lenaneo le ke la diphuthego tsa Bokopano jwa Botlhe ya UNESCO tse di tshwerweng fa e sa le ka 1946: {| class="sortable wikitable" !Session !Location !Year !Chaired by !from |- |1st |Paris |1946 |Léon Blum | France |- |2nd |Mexico City |1947 |Manuel Gual Vidal | Mexico |- |3rd |Beirut |1948 |Hamid Bey Frangie | Lebanon |- |1st extraordinary |Paris |1948 | | |- |4th |Paris |1949 |Edward Ronald Walker | Australia |- |5th |Florence |1950 |Stefano Jacini | Italy |- |6th |Paris |1951 |Howland H. Sargeant | United States |- |7th |Paris |1952 |Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan | India |- |2nd extraordinary |Paris |1953 | | |- |8th |Montevideo |1954 |Justino Zavala Muniz | Uruguay |- |9th |New Delhi |1956 |Abul Kalam Azad | India |- |10th |Paris |1958 |Jean Berthoin | France |- |11th |Paris |1960 |Akale-Work Abte-Wold | Ethiopia |- |12th |Paris |1962 |Paulo de Berrêdo Carneiro | Brazil |- |13th |Paris |1964 |Norair Sisakian | Soviet Union |- |14th |Paris |1966 |Bedrettin Tuncel | Turkey |- |15th |Paris |1968 |William Eteki Mboumoua | Cameroon |- |16th |Paris |1970 |Atilio Dell'Oro Maini | Argentina |- |17th |Paris |1972 |Toru Haguiwara | Japan |- |3rd extraordinary |Paris |1973 | | |- |18th |Paris |1974 |Magda Jóború | Hungary |- |19th |Nairobi |1976 |Taaita Toweett | Kenya |- |20th |Paris |1978 |Napoléon LeBlanc | Canada |- |21st |Belgrade |1980 |Ivo Margan | Yugoslavia |- |4th extraordinary |Paris |1982 | | |- |22nd |Paris |1983 |Saïd Tell | Jordan |- |23rd |Sofia |1985 |Nikolai Todorov | Bulgaria |- |24th |Paris |1987 |Guillermo Putzeys Alvarez | Guatemala |- |25th |Paris |1989 |Anwar Ibrahim | Malaysia |- |26th |Paris |1991 |Bethwell Allan Ogot | Kenya |- |27th |Paris |1993 |Ahmed Saleh Sayyad | Yemen |- |28th |Paris |1995 |Torben Krogh | Denmark |- |29th |Paris |1997 |Eduardo Portella | Brazil |- |30th |Paris |1999 |Jaroslava Moserová | Czech Republic |- |31st |Paris |2001 |Ahmad Jalali | Iran |- |32nd |Paris |2003 |Michael Omolewa | Nigeria |- |33rd |Paris |2005 |Musa Bin Jaafar Bin Hassan | Oman |- |34th |Paris |2007 |Georgios Anastassopoulos | Greece |- |35th |Paris |2009 |Davidson Hepburn | Bahamas |- |36th |Paris |2011 |Katalin Bogyay | Hungary |- |37th<ref>{{Cite web|title=General Conference 37th|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/general-conference-37th/|website=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|access-date=25 September 2015}}</ref> |Paris |2013 |Hao Ping | China |- |38th |Paris |2015 |Stanley Mutumba Simataa<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/general-conference-38th/president/|title=President of the 38th session of the General Conference|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=11 November 2015}}</ref> | Namibia |- |39th |Paris |2017 |Zohour Alaoui<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/generalconference/39/president|title=President of the 39th session of the General Conference|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=12 November 2017|date=5 October 2017}}</ref> | Morocco |- |40th |Paris |2019 | Ahmet Altay Cengizer<ref>{{Cite web|title=UNESCO: President of the 40th session of the General Conference|date=14 October 201|url=https://en.unesco.org/generalconference/40/presiden|access-date=20 August 2020}}</ref> | Turkey |- |41st<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/generalconference/41|title=41st Session of the General Conference – 9–24 November 2021|date=1 June 2021|website=UNESCO|access-date=6 October 2021}}</ref> |Paris |2021 |Santiago Irazabal Mourão | Brazil |- |42nd<ref>{{Cite web|title=Address by Ms Simona Mirela Miculescu|url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000387533?posInSet=16&queryId=ffd33a3a-41f1-4a8b-9543-7f10c0f2dd6a|date=13 November 2023}}</ref> |Paris |2023 |Simona Miculescu | Romania |} === Lekgotla la Khuduthamaga === Ditlhopho di tshwarwa ngwaga le ngwaga, mme baemedi ba ba tlhophilweng ba le masome a le matlhano le boferabobedi ba nna mo maemong dingwaga di le nne. {| class="wikitable" |- style="border-top: 2px solid;" !Term !Group I <br /><br />(9 seats) !Group II <br /><br />(7 seats) !Group III <br /><br />(10 seats) !Group IV <br /><br />(12 seats) !Group V(a) <br /><br />(13 seats) !Group V(b) <br /><br />(7 seats) |- style="border-top: 2px solid;" |2017–<br /><br />2021 |  Finland  Portugal  Turkey |  Albania  Belarus  Bulgaria |  Cuba  Grenada  Jamaica  Saint Lucia  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines  Venezuela |  Bangladesh  China  India  Indonesia  Japan  Philippines |  Burundi  Equatorial Guinea  Ethiopia  Madagascar  Zambia  Zimbabwe |  Egypt  Jordan  Morocco |- |2019–2023<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/generalconference/40/elections|title=40th Session of the General Conference – 12–27 November 2019|date=16 October 2019|website=UNESCO|access-date=20 November 2019}}</ref> |  France  Germany  Italy  Netherlands  Spain  Switzerland | Hungary Poland Russia Serbia |  Argentina  Brazil  Dominican Republic Uruguay | Afghanistan Kyrgyzstan Philippines Pakistan South Korea  Thailand | Benin Congo Guinea Ghana  Kenya Namibia  Senegal Togo | Saudi Arabia UAE  Tunisia |- style="background:#f7f7c7;border-top: 2px solid;" |'''2021–2025'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Elections|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/general-conference/41/elections?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab2000296c62ecf70783aa2deb49bab9972b32e78e12a141101e730f19afd71077a454085e4dbe2414300050c3569c0132c2e6ed5d6c59cee0616cbf7eb737bcd75d6d5fbcda198e9ca730a3a536e274d2f7e2f102624759a6d48c|date=17 November 2021}}</ref> |  Austria  Iceland  Turkey | Armenia Azerbaijan Lithuania |  Chile  Grenada Haiti  Mexico  Paraguay  Saint Lucia | China Cook Islands India Japan Philippines  Vietnam | Angola Botswana Congo Djibouti  South Africa Tanzania | Egypt Jordan Kuwait |- style="background:#efe;border-top: 2px solid;" |'''2023–2027'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Elections|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/general-conference/42/elections|date=15 November 2023}}</ref> |  France  Germany  Italy  Spain  United Kingdom United States | Albania Czech Republic Serbia Slovakia |  Argentina  Brazil Cuba  Dominican Republic | Australia Bangladesh Indonesia Pakistan South Korea  Sri Lanka | Burkina Faso Côte d'Ivoire Gabon Liberia  Mauritius Mozambique  Nigeria | Iraq Oman Qatar  Saudi Arabia |} Diofisi tsa pereko tsa UNESCO go ralala lefatshe di arogantswe ka mefuta e mene ya diofisi tsa konokono go ikaegilwe ka tiro ya tsone le lefelo le di akaretsang mo go lone: diofisi tsa ditlhopha, diofisi tsa bosetšhaba, dibiro tsa dikgaolo le diofisi tsa puisano. === Diofisi tsa perekelo go ya ka dikgaolo === Lenaneo le latelang la Diofisi tsotlhe tsa pereko tsa UNESCO le rulagantswe go ya ka thutafatshe ke Kgaolo ya UNESCO mme le supa dinaga tse e leng maloko le maloko a a amanang le UNESCO a a direlwang ke ofisi nngwe le nngwe. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/countries/field-offices/|title=List of All UNESCO Field Offices by Region with Descriptions of Member State Coverage|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref> ==== Aforika ==== * Abidjan – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Côte d’Ivoire * Abuja – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Nigeria * Accra – Kantoro ya Setlhopha sa Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone le Togo * Addis Ababa – Kantoro ya Puisano le [[African Union|Kopano ya Aforika]] le le Khomišene ya Ikonomi ya Aforika * Bamako – Kantoro ya Setlhopha ya Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali le Niger * Brazzaville – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba ya Rephaboliki ya Congo * Bujumbura – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Burundi * Dakar – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Thuto mo Aforika le Kantoro ya Setlhopha ya Kapa Botala, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, le Senegal * Dar es Salaam – Kantoro ya Setlhopha sa Dinaga tsa Comoro, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles le Tanzania * Harare – Kantoro ya Setlhopha ya [[Botswana]], Malawi, Mozambique, [[Zambia]] le [[Zimbabwe]] * Juba – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Sudan Borwa * Kinshasa – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba ya Repaboliki ya Temokerasi ya Congo * Libreville – Kantoro ya Setlhopha ya Rephaboliki ya Congo, Rephaboliki ya Temokerasi ya Congo, Ekhweitha Guinea, Gabon le São Tomé le Príncipe * Maputo – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Mozambique * Nairobi – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Disaense mo Aforika le Kantoro ya Setlhopha ya Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, [[Kenya]], Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan Borwa le Uganda * Windhoek – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa [[Namibia]] * Yaoundé – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Cameroon, Repaboliki ya Aforika Bogare le Chad ==== Maloko a Arabea ==== * Amman – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Jordan * Beirut – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Thuto kwa Dinageng tsa Maarabia le Ofisi ya Setlhopha kwa Lebanon, Siria, Jordan, Iraq le Palesetina * Cairo – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Maranyane kwa Dinageng tsa Maarabia le Ofisi ya Setlhopha ya [[Egypt|Egepeto]] le Sudan * Doha – Kantoro ya Setlhopha go ya kwa Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Emirate ya Maarabia a a Kopaneng le Yemen * Iraq – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba ya Iraq (e ga jaana e leng kwa Amman, Jordan) * Khartoum – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Sudan * Manama – Senthara ya Kgaolo ya Maarabia ya Boswa jwa Lefatshe * Rabat – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco le [[Tunisia]] * Ramallah – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba ya Dikgaolo tsa Palestina ==== Asia le Pacific ==== * Almaty – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan le Uzbekistan * Apia – Ofisi ya Setlhopha e e yang kwa Australia, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Cook, Fiji, Kiribati, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Marshall, Dinaga tse di Kopaneng tsa Micronesia, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Solomon, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatember le Mekelau ) * Bangkok – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Thuto kwa Asia le kwa Pacific le Ofisi ya Setlhopha kwa Thailand, Burma, Laos, Singapore le [[Vietnam]] * Beijing – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Korea Bokone, Japane, Mongolia, [[China|Repaboliki ya Batho ya China]] le Korea Borwa * Dhaka – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Bangladesh * Hanoi – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba ya [[Vietnam]] * Islamabad – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Pakistan * Jakarta – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Disaense kwa Asia le kwa Pacific le Ofisi ya Setlhopha kwa Philippines, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, le Timor Botlhaba * Manila – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Philippines * Kabul – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Afghanistan * Kathmandu – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Nepal * New Delhi – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives le Sri Lanka * Phnom Penh – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Cambodia * Tashkent – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Uzbekistan * Teheran – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Afganistan, Iran, Pakistan le Turkmenistan ==== Yuropa le Amerika Bokone ==== * Brussels – Ofisi ya Puisano le Kopano ya Yuropa le mekgatlho ya yone e e tlaleletsang kwa Brussels * Geneva – Ofisi ya Puisano le Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng kwa Geneva * Toropo ya New York – Ofisi ya Puisano le Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng kwa New York * Venice – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Maranyane le Setso kwa Yuropa ==== Amerika wa Selatine le Kharibbea ==== * Brasília – Ofisi ya Bosetšhaba kwa Brazil <ref>{{Cite web|title=UNESCO Office in Brasilia {{!}} United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/brasilia/home|website=unesco.org|access-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> * Toropokgolo ya Guatemala – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba ya Guatemala * Havana – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Setso kwa Latin America le kwa Caribbean le Ofisi ya Setlhopha kwa Cuba, kwa Rephaboliking ya Dominican, kwa Haiti le kwa Aruba * Kingston – Kantoro ya Setlhopha se se yang kwa Antigua le Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Kitts le Nevis, Boitshepo Lucia, Boitshepo Vincent le Ditlhaketlhake tsa Grenadines, Suriname le Ditlhaketlhake tsa Trinidad le Tobago mmogo le naga e e amanang le Boritane, Curaçao le Sint Maarten * Lima – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Peru * Toropokgolo ya Mexico – Ofisi ya Bosetšhaba kwa Mexico * Montevideo – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Maranyane kwa Amerika wa Selatine le kwa Caribbean le Ofisi ya Setlhopha kwa Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay le Uruguay * Port-au-Prince – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Haiti * Quito – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Bolivia, [[Colombia|Kolombia]], Ecuador le Venezuela <ref>{{Cite web|title=Oficina de la UNESCO en Quito {{!}} Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/es/quito|website=unesco.org|access-date=24 September 2015}}</ref> * San José – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua le Panama * Santiago de Chile – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Thuto kwa Amerika Selatine le kwa Caribbean le Ofisi ya Bosetšhaba kwa Chile === Mekgatlho ya badiri ka mokgatlho === * Komiti ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Sefapaano se Sehibidu (ICRC) * Boditšhabatšhaba jwa Thebe e e Botala jwa Legodimo (BSI) * Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Dimusiamo (ICOM) * Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Difikantswe le Mafelo (ICOMOS) * Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa Molao wa Botho (IIHL) == Dikganetsano == === Taolo ya Lefatshe le Lesha ya Tshedimosetso le Tlhaeletsano === UNESCO e nnile bogare jwa dikganetsano mo nakong e e fetileng, bogolosegolo mo dikamanong tsa yone United States, United Kingdom, Singapore le Soviet Union ya maloba . Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970 le bo 1980, tshegetso ya UNESCO ya " Taelo ya Lefatshe e Ntšha ya Tshedimosetso le Tlhaeletsano " le pegelo ya yone ya MacBride e e neng e ikuela gore bobegakgang bo nne jwa puso ya batho ka batho le phitlhelelo ya tshedimosetso ka tekatekano e ne ya ganetswa mo mafatsheng a jaaka maiteko a go thibela kgololesego ya bobegadikgang . UNESCO e ne e tsewa jaaka serala sa makomonisi le babusaesi ba Lefatshe la Boraro go tlhasela Bophirima, go farologana le ditatofatso tse di dirilweng ke USSR kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1940 le kwa tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1950. Ka 1984, United States e ne ya emisa dithuso tsa yone tsa madi mme ya ikgogela morago mo mokgatlhong o go bontsha boipelaetso, mme ya latelwa ke United Kingdom ka 1985. <ref>{{Citation|url=http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A4079804/AONE?u=tamp44898&sid=AONE&xid=ef6d5640|title=UNESCO asks states considering withdrawal to 'reconsider their position'|journal=[[UN Chronicle (journal)|UN Chronicle]]|date=January 1986|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref> Singapore le yone e ne ya ikgogela morago kwa bokhutlong jwa 1985, e umaka gore dituediso tsa maloko di ne di tlhatloga. <ref>{{Citation|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2209&dat=19841228&id=Y5srAAAAIBAJ&pg=5684,5359479|title=Singapore to withdraw from UNESCO|journal=[[The Telegraph (newspaper)|The Telegraph]]|date=28 December 1984|access-date=20 June 2015}}</ref> Morago ga phetogo ya puso ka 1997, UK e ne ya tsenela gape. United States e ne ya tsenela gape ka 2003, mme ya latelwa ke Singapore ka Phalane a le malatsi a le boferalobedi 2007. <ref>{{Citation|url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/UNESCO|title=UNESCO|journal=Encyclopædia Britannica|date=14 February 2018|access-date=2 April 2018}}</ref> === China === UNESCO e kgadilwe ka go dirisiwa ke Lefatshe la Batho la China go tlhagisa mofuta wa ditso ya Lekoko la Bokomonisi la China le go fokotsa ditshwaelo tsa merafepotlana kwa China jaaka Ba-Uyghur le Ba-Tibet . <ref>{{Cite news|date=23 September 2023|title=How China uses UNESCO to rewrite history|url=https://www.economist.com/china/2023/09/21/how-china-uses-unesco-to-rewrite-history|access-date=22 September 2023}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Kashgarian|first=Asim|date=16 February 2023|title=UNESCO Accused of Complicity in China's Treatment of Uyghur Heritage|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/unesco-accused-of-complicity-in-china-s-treatment-of-uyghur-heritage-/6966959.html|access-date=22 September 2023|website=[[Voice of America]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Kachmar|first=Oleh|date=24 September 2020|title=Uyghur Heritage and the Charge of Cultural Genocide in Xinjiang|url=https://newlinesinstitute.org/rules-based-international-order/genocide/uyghur-heritage-and-the-charge-of-cultural-genocide-in-xinjiang/|access-date=22 September 2023|website=New Lines Institute|publisher=[[Fairfax University of America]]}}</ref> === Iseraele === Iseraele e ne ya amogelwa mo UNESCO ka 1949, ngwaga o le mongwe morago ga go tlholwa ga yone. Iseraele e ntse e le leloko la yone fa e sa le ka nako eo. Ka 2010, Iseraele e ne ya tlhoma Logaga lwa Bapatriareka kwa Hebrone le Lebitla la ga Ragele kwa Bethelehema – ka bobedi kwa West Bank – jaaka Mafelo a Boswa jwa Bosetšhaba mme ya itsise tiro ya go tsosolosa, mme seno sa dira gore puso ya ga Obama e tshwaiwe phoso le go dira ditshupetso go tswa kwa Bapalestina. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Hebron clashes over Israel's West Bank heritage list|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8538948.stm|date=26 February 2010|publisher=BBC News|access-date=1 November 2011}}</ref> Ka Phalane 2010, boto ya khuduthamaga ya UNESCO e ne ya tlhopha go itsise mafelo ano jaaka "al-Haram al-Ibrahimi/Lebitla la Bapatriareka" le "Mosque wa ga Bilal bin Rabah/Lebitla la ga Rachel" mme ya bolela gore e ne e le "karolo e e botlhokwa ya kgatelelo ya boditšhabatšhaba ya Iseraele le Palestina " molao . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/executive_board_adopts_five_decisions_concerning_unescos_work_in_the_occupied_palestinian_and_arab_territories/|title=Executive Board adopts five decisions concerning UNESCO's work in the occupied Palestinian and Arab Territories|date=21 October 2010|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=3 November 2010}}</ref> UNESCO e tlhalositse mafelo a jaaka a a botlhokwa mo "bathong ba dingwao tsa Mamoseleme, Bokeresete le Bajuta", mme ya latofatsa Iseraele ka go tlhagisa fela semelo sa Bajuta sa mafelo ano. <ref>{{Cite news|title=The Two Palestinian sites of Al-Haram Al-Ibrahimi/Tomb of the Patriarchs in Al-Khalil/Hebron and the Bilal Bin Rabah Mosque/Rachel's Tomb in Bethlehem|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001873/187356e.pdf|access-date=1 November 2011}}</ref> Iseraele le yone e ne ya latofatsa UNESCO ka go "kgaoganya Setšhaba sa Iseraele le boswa jwa yone", mme ya e latofatsa ka go tlhotlhelediwa ke sepolotiki. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/140377|title=UNESCO Erases Israeli Protests from Rachel's Tomb Protocol|date=1 November 2010|publisher=Arutz Sheva|last=Hillel Fendel|access-date=3 November 2010}}</ref> Rabi wa Lebota la Bophirima o ne a bolela gore lebitla la ga Ragele le ne le ise le itsisiwe pele gore ke lefelo le le boitshepo la Bamoseleme. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/news.aspx/140345|title=UN Org.: Rachel's Tomb is a Mosque|date=29 October 2010|publisher=Arutz Sheva|last=Maayana Miskin|access-date=3 November 2010}}</ref> Iseraele e ne ya emisa ka bontlhabongwe dikamano tsa yone le UNESCO. Motlatsatona wa Merero ya Dinaga di Sele wa Iseraele Danny Ayalon o boletse gore tshwetso e ne e le "karolo ya go oketsega ga Palestina". Zevulun Orlev, modulasetulo wa Komiti ya Thuto le Setso ya Knesset, o ne a bua ka ditshwetso tseno e le maiteko a go nyatsa thomo ya UNESCO jaaka mokgatlho wa maranyane le wa setso o o rotloetsang tirisanommogo mo lefatsheng lotlhe. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=193893|title=Ayalon: Israel will no longer cooperate with UNESCO|date=3 November 2010|website=The Jerusalem Post|access-date=3 November 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Shalom|first=Rabbi|url=http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=194090|title=Cooperation with UNESCO only partially suspended|website=The Jerusalem Post|date=5 November 2010|access-date=8 August 2011}}</ref> Ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le boferabobedi 2011, Komiti ya Boswa jwa Lefatshe Lotlhe ya UNESCO, ka ntlha ya go gatelelwa ke Jordan, e ne ya kgala . Tshwetso ya Iseraele ya go thuba le go aga sesha Borogo jwa Kgoro ya Mughrabi kwa Jerusalema ka ntlha ya mabaka a pabalesego. Israel e ne ya bolela gore Jordan e beile monwana tumalano le Israel e e neng e tlhalosa gore borogo jo bo leng teng bo tshwanetse go tlhatlhamololwa ka ntlha ya pabalesego; Jordan o ne a ganetsa tumalano eno, a bolela gore e ne ya bewa monwana fela ka fa tlase ga kgatelelo ya United States. Iseraele gape e ne ya palelwa ke go bua le komiti ya UNESCO ka ntlha ya dikganetso go tswa kwa [[Egypt|Egepeto]] . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4088221,00.html|title=UNESCO censures Israel over Mughrabi Bridge – Israel News, Ynetnews|journal=Ynetnews|date=20 June 1995|access-date=8 August 2011}}</ref> Ka Firikgong 2014, malatsi pele ga e rulaganyediwa go bulwa, Mookamedi-mogolo wa UNESCO, Irina Bokova, "o ne a busetsa morago ka bosakhutleng" mme a phimola ka katlego pontsho e e neng e tlhamilwe ke Senthara ya sa Simon Wiesenthal e e bidiwang "Batho, Buka, Lefatshe: Sekepe sa dingwaga di le 3 500 fa gare ga batho ba Iseraele . Tiragalo e e ne e rulaganyeditswe go simolola ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a le mabedi le bongwe go fitlha ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mararo kwa Paris. Bokova o phimotse tiragalo eno morago ga gore baemedi ba dinaga tsa Maarabia kwa UNESCO ba nganga gore pontsho ya yone e tla " gobatsa thulaganyo ya kagiso " . <ref>{{Cite news|last=Berman|first=Lazar|title=UNESCO cancels event on Jewish ties to Land of Israel|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/unesco-cancels-event-on-jewish-ties-to-land-of-israel/|access-date=21 January 2014|newspaper=The Times of Israel|date=17 January 2014}}</ref> Mokwadi wa dipontsho tse, e leng motlhatlhelelladithuto a Robert Wistrich wa [[Vidal Sassoon International Centre for the Study of Anti-Semitism|Senthara ya Boditšhabatšhaba sa Thuto ya Boganetsi jwa Bajuda sa Vidal Sassoon]] sa Yunibesithi ya Sehebera, o ne a bitsa go phimolwa ga yone a re ke "tiro e e tshosang", mme a tlhalosa tshwetso ya ga Bokova e le "tiro e e sa tlhomamang ya go tlhoka maitseo gotlhelele le, tota, go nyatsa ditso tsa Bajuda". UNESCO e ne ya baakanya tshwetso ya go phimola pontsho eno mo lobakeng lwa ngwaga, mme ka bonako fela e ne ya tuma mme ya tsewa e le katlego e kgolo. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Ahren|first=Raphael|title=Author of UNESCO's nixed Israel exhibit decries 'appalling betrayal'|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/author-of-unescos-nixed-israel-exhibit-decries-appalling-betrayal|access-date=21 January 2014|newspaper=The Times of Israel|date=21 January 2014}}</ref> Ka Firikgong letsatsi la ntlha 2019, Iseraele e ne ya tswa mo UNESCO semmuso go latela go ikgogela morago ga US ka ntlha ya go tsaya letlhakore mo go tswelelang kgatlhanong le Iseraele go ya ka bone. <ref>{{Cite news|last=Ahren|first=Raphael|title=69 years after joining, Israel formally leaves UNESCO; so, too, does the US|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/69-years-after-joining-israel-formally-leaves-un-cultural-body/|newspaper=The Times of Israel|date=1 January 2019}}</ref> ==== Tharabololo ya Palesetina e e Gapilweng ====   Ka Phalane a le lesome le boraro 2016, UNESCO e ne ya fetisa tshwetso ka ga Jerusalema Botlhaba e e neng e kgala Iseraele ka ntlha ya "ditlhaselo" tsa mapodise le masole a Iseraele le "dikgato tse di seng kafa molaong" kgatlhanong le kgololesego ya kobamelo le go fitlhelela ga Mamoseleme mafelo a bone a a boitshepo, fa gape e amogela Iseraele jaaka mmuso o o gapang lefatshe. Baeteledipele ba Palestina ba ne ba amogela tshwetso eno. <ref name="UNESCO adopts anti">{{Cite news|title=UNESCO adopts anti-Israel resolution on al-Aqsa Mosque|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/10/unesco-adopts-anti-israel-resolution-al-aqsa-mosque-161018120610946.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=21 October 2016}}</ref> Le fa mokwalo o ne o amogela "botlhokwa jwa Motse wa Bogologolo wa Jerusalema le mabota a one mo ditumelong tse tharo tsa Modimo a le mongwe", o ne o bua ka moago o o boitshepo wa setlhoa sa thaba mo Motseng wa Bogologolo wa Jerusalema fela ka leina la one la Semoseleme "Al-Haram al-Sharif", Searabia se se kayang Noble Sanctuary. Fa e araba, Iseraele e ne ya kgala tshwetso ya UNESCO ka ntlha ya go tlogela mafoko a " Thaba ya Tempele " kgotsa " Har HaBayit ", e bolela gore e ganetsa dikamano tsa Bajuta le lefelo le le boitshepo le le botlhokwa . <ref name="UNESCO adopts anti" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002462/246215e.pdf|title=Commission report|website=UNESCO Digital Library|access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref> Morago ga go kgalwa ke boradipolotiki le badipolomate ba le bantsi ba Iseraele, go akaretsa le Benjamin Netanyahu le Ayelet Shaked, Iseraele e ne ya kgaotsa dikamano tsotlhe le mokgatlho ono. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4866113,00.html|title=UNESCO fails to acknowledge Jewish ties to Temple Mount|access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-leads-angry-denunciations-of-absurd-unesco-decision/|title=Netanyahu leads angry denunciations of 'absurd' UNESCO decision|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref> Tshwetso e ne ya kgalwa ke Ban Ki-moon le Mokaedi-Kakaretso wa UNESCO, Irina Bokova, yo o neng a bolela gore Bojuda, Boiselamo le Bokeresete di na le dikgolagano tse di bonalang sentle tsa hisitori le Jerusalema le gore "go gana, go fitlha kgotsa go phimola epe ya dingwao tsa Bajuda, tsa Bokeresete kgotsa tsa Bamoseleme go nyatsa bothokgami jwa <ref>{{Cite web|title=UNESCO chief 'received death threats' for opposing Jerusalem motion|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/unesco-chief-received-death-threats-for-opposing-jerusalem-motion/|date=17 October 2016|website=The Times of Israel|access-date=27 October 2016}}</ref> ] Moqsas " <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/statement_by_the_director_general_of_unesco_on_the_old_city-1/#.WAQnmeUrLb3|title=Statement by the Director-General of UNESCO on the Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls on the occasion of the 40th session of the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO in Istanbul – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref> ]. Al-Haram al-Sharif" gape ke Thaba ya Tempele, e Lebota la yone la Bophirima e leng lefelo le le boitshepo go gaisa mo Bojudeng." <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.747466|title=UNESCO Director Criticizes Resolution: Temple Mount Sacred to Both Jews, Muslims|access-date=14 October 2016|archivedate=14 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161014113432/http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.747466}}</ref> E ne gape ya ganwa ke Palamente ya Czech e e neng ya re tshwetso e bontsha "maikutlo a a tlhoileng a a kgatlhanong le Iseraele ", <ref name="timesofisrael.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/czech-mps-slam-hateful-unesco-jerusalem-resolution/|title=Czech MPs slam 'hateful' UNESCO Jerusalem resolution|website=[[The Times of Israel]]|access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref> mme makgolokgolo a Bajuta ba Italy ba ne ba dira ditshupetso kwa Roma ka ntlha ya go ikgapha ga Italy. <ref name="timesofisrael.com" /> Ka la bo 26 Diphalane, UNESCO e ne ya amogela mofuta o o sekasekilweng wa tshwetso, e gape e neng ya kgala Iseraele ka ntlha ya go tswelela ga yone "go gana go letla baitseanape ba mokgatlho ono go tsena mo mafelong a a boitshepo a Jerusalema go bona maemo a one a tshomarelo". <ref>{{Cite news|title=UNESCO approves new Jerusalem resolution|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/10/unesco-approves-anti-israel-resolution-jerusalem-161026173149575.html|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Le fa e ne e na le go nolofadiwa ga puo morago ga ditshupetso tsa Iseraele ka ntlha ya mofuta o o fetileng, Iseraele e ne ya tswelela go kgala mokwalo ono. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Unesco adopts controversial resolution on Jerusalem holy sites|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/26/unesco-adopts-controversial-resolution-on-jerusalem-holy-sites-israel|access-date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Tshwetso e bua ka lefelo le Bajuta le Bakeresete ba le bitsang Thaba ya Tempele, kgotsa Har HaBayit ka Sehebera, fela ka leina la lone la Searabia – tshwetso e e botlhokwa ya bokao e gape e amogetsweng ke boto ya khuduthamaga ya UNESCO, e e tsosang kgalemo go tswa go Iseraele le balekane ba yona. Moemedi wa Amerika Crystal Nix Hines o ne a bolela jaana: "Ntlha eno e ka bo e fentswe. Ditshwetso tseno tse di tsenngwang mo dipolotiking le tse di letlhakore le le lengwe di senya botshepegi jwa UNESCO." <ref>{{Cite news|title=UNESCO resolution on Jerusalem holy sites draws criticism from U.S., Israel|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/unesco-resolution-holy-sites-un-1.3821919|access-date=27 October 2016}}</ref> Ka Phalane 2017, United States le Iseraele di ne tsa itsise gore di tla ikgogela morago mo mokgatlhong o, di umaka gore bontlhabonngwe jwa yone bo ne bo le kgatlhanong le Iseraele. <ref name="stategov">{{Cite news|url=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2017/10/274748.htm|title=The United States Withdraws From UNESCO|publisher=[[U.S. Department of State]]|access-date=12 October 2017}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=U.S. Will Withdraw From Unesco, Citing Its 'Anti-Israel Bias'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/12/us/politics/trump-unesco-withdrawal.html|access-date=8 April 2018}}</ref> === Palestina === ==== Kganetsano ya makasine wa basha wa Palesetina ==== Ka Tlhakole 2011, go ne ga gatisiwa athikele mo makasineng wa banana wa Palesetina e mo go yone mosetsana mongwe yo mmotlana a neng a tlhalosa mongwe wa batho ba le bane ba a neng a ba etsa sekao e le Adolf Hitler . Ka December 2011, UNESCO, e e neng e thusa makasine ono ka bontlhanngwe jwa madi, e ne ya kgala tshedimosetso eno mme morago ga moo ya emisa dithuso tsa yone. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/palestinianauthority/8975423/Unesco-cuts-funding-for-Palestinian-youth-magazine-over-Hitler-praise.html|title=Unesco cuts funding for Palestinian youth magazine over Hitler praise|work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|date=23 December 2011|access-date=12 January 2012}}</ref> ==== Kganetsano ya Yunibesithi ya Boiselamo ya Gaza ==== Ka 2012, UNESCO e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya gore e tlhome setulo kwa Yunibesithing ya Boiselamo ya Gaza mo lephateng la bolepadinaledi, fisikisi ya dinaledi, le saense ya lefaufau, <ref name="UNESCOIslamicUniversity">{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/en/university-twinning-and-networking/access-by-region/arab-states/palestine/unesco-chair-in-astronomy-astrophysics-and-space-sciences-964/|title=UNESCO Chair in Astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Sciences (964), established in 2012 at The Islamic University of Gaza (Palestine).|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=15 July 2012}}</ref> mme se sa baka dikganetsano le go tshwayatshwaya diphoso. Israel e ne ya boma sekolo seno ka 2008 e bolela gore ba dira dibetsa le go di boloka koo, e leng se Israel e neng ya se bua gape fa e ne e kgala kgato ya UNESCO. Tlhogo, Kamalain Shaath, o ne a femela UNESCO, a bolela gore "Yunibesiti ya Boiselamo ke yunibesiti ya thuto fela e e kgatlhegelang thuto le tlhabololo ya yone fela". <ref name="NationalPostUNESCO">{{Cite news|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/07/12/unesco-accused-of-endorsing-hamas-terrorists-breeding-ground/|title=UNESCO establishes chair at Gaza university accused of housing Hamas bomb labs}}</ref> <ref name="ShalitGazaIslamicUniversity">{{Cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3361595,00.html|title=Fatah: Shalit was held at Gaza Islamic University|publisher=Yedioth Ahronot}}</ref> <ref name="BostonIUGProfile">{{Cite news|url=http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2010/02/28/hamas_u/|title=Hamas University}}</ref> Moemedi wa Iseraele kwa UNESCO Nimrod Barkan o ne a rulagantse go romela lekwalo la boipelaetso le le nang le tshedimosetso ka ga dikamano tsa yunibesithi le Hamas, segolobogolo a galefile ka gore eno e ne e le yunibesithi ya ntlha ya Palesetina e UNESCO e neng ya tlhopha go dirisana le yone. Ga a ise a ko a neele bosupi bope jo bo tshegetsang polelo ya gagwe ya gore o na le kamano le Hamas. <ref name="HaaretzUNESCOGaza">{{Cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/blogs/diplomania/israel-furious-at-unesco-decision-to-back-science-chair-at-islamic-university-of-gaza-1.450524|title=Israel furious at UNESCO decision to back science chair at Islamic University of Gaza|access-date=2025-07-31|archivedate=2012-07-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120715042511/http://www.haaretz.com/blogs/diplomania/israel-furious-at-unesco-decision-to-back-science-chair-at-islamic-university-of-gaza-1.450524}}</ref> Mokgatlho wa Bajuda wa B’nai B’rith le one o ne wa kgala kgato e. <ref name="BnaiBrithUNESCO">{{Cite news|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/bnai-brith-slams-unesco-affiliation-with-gaza-university/|title=B'nai Brith slams UNESCO affiliation with Gaza University}}</ref> === Go tsenya lenaneo la ditokomane tsa Polao ya Nanjing === Ka 2015, Japane e ne ya tshosetsa go emisa go thusa UNESCO ka madi ka ntlha ya tshwetso ya mokgatlho o ya go akaretsa ditokomane tse di amanang le polao ya batho ba le bantsi kwa Nanjing ka 1937 mo lenaaneng la bosheng la thulaganyo ya yone ya "Memory of the World". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/japan-furious-at-unesco-listing-nanjing-massacre-documents/a-18790477|title=Japan furious at UNESCO listing Nanjing Massacre documents – Asia – DW.COM – 19.10.2015|first=Deutsche Welle|last=(www.dw.com)|website=[[Deutsche Welle]]|access-date=29 December 2015}}</ref> Ka Piphala e 2016, Tona ya Merero ymafatshe adi Sele ya Japane Fumio Kishida o ne a tlhomamisa gore matlole a ngwaga le ngwaga a Japane a 2016 a ne a le ¥4.4.&nbsp;dibilione di ne di emisitswe, le fa gone a ne a ganela gore go na le kamano epe e e tlhamaletseng le kganetsano ya tokomane ya Nanjing. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Japan halts Unesco funding following Nanjing massacre row|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/14/japan-halts-unesco-funding-nanjing-massacre-row|access-date=30 October 2016}}</ref> === United states le UNESCO === United States e ne ya ikgogela morago mo UNESCO ka 1984, e umaka gore mokgatlho o o ne o " tseneletse thata mo dipolotiking ", " bobaba jwa one jo bo bonalang mo makalaneng a motheo tsa [[Free society|setšhaba se se gololesegileng]], segolobogolo mmaraka o o gololesegileng le bobegadikgang jo bo gololesegileng ", mmogo le " katoloso ya one e e sa thibelweng ya tekanyetso tiriso ka fa tlase ga botsamaisi jo bo bokoa jwa Mokaedi AmadoG M'Bow wa Senegal. <ref name="withdrawal">{{Cite web|url=https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RL30985.html|title=UNESCO Membership: Issues for Congress|date=20 November 2003|publisher=[[Congressional Research Service reports]]|access-date=28 March 2019}}</ref> Ka Lwetse a le lesome le boferabongwe 1989, Mopalamente wa Lekgotla la Dikgotlatheomolao wa United States e bong Jim Leach o ne a bolela jaana fa pele ga komitipotlana ya lekgotla la Dikgotlatheomolao: <ref name="cspan">{{Cite web|url=https://www.c-span.org/video/?9189-1/united-states-unesco-part-1|title=United States & UNESCO, Part 1|publisher=[[C-SPAN]]|website=Starting from 05:08|access-date=3 February 2020}}</ref>   === Kgotlhang ya Ba-Kurd le Ba-Turkey === Ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le botlhano 2016, mmoki wa Turkey le molweladitshwanelo tsa batho Zülfü Livaneli o ne a rola tiro ya gagwe jaaka moemedi a le esi wa [[Turkey]] wa UNESCO yo o thusang batho. O ne a gatelela boemo jwa ditshwanelo tsa batho kwa Turkey le go senngwa ga kgaolo ya ditso ya Sur ya Diyarbakir, toropo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Turkey jo bontsi jwa Ba-Kurdish bo nnang mo go jone, ka nako ya ntwa fa gare ga sesole sa Turkey le dirukutlhi tsa Ba-Kurdish e le mabaka a magolo a go bo a ne a rola tiro. Livaneli o ne a re: "Go bua ka kagiso fa o ntse o didimetse kgatlhanong le ditlolomolao tse di ntseng jalo ke go thulana le dikeletso tsa motheo tsa UNESCO." === Matsholo kgatlhanong le kgwebisano e e seng ka fa molaong ya botaki === Ka 2020 UNESCO e ne ya bolela gore bogolo jwa kgwebisano e e seng kafa molaong ya dithoto tsa setso bo ne bo fitlha go &nbsp;didolara di le dibilione di lesome ka ngwaga. Pegelo ya ngwaga oo ke [[Rand Organization|Mokgatlho wa Rand]] e tshitshintse gore mmaraka wa nnete "ga o ka ke wa nna mogolo go feta didolara di le dikete di le makgolo a le mmalwa ngwaga le ngwaga". Moitseanape yo o umakilweng ke UNESCO e le yo o amanyang 10&nbsp;palo ya dibilione o ne a e ganela, a re ga a na "kakanyo" ya gore palo eo e tswa kae. Barekisi ba botaki ba ne ba nyatsa palo ya UNESCO thata ka gonne e ne e le 15% ya mmaraka otlhe wa botaki wa lefatshe. Ka Ngwanatsele 2020, karolo ya letsholo la papatso la UNESCO le boikaelelo jwa lone e neng e le go tlhagisa kgwebisano ya boditšhabatšhaba ya dilo tsa botaki tse di thubilweng e ne ya tshwanelwa ke go gogelwa morago morago ga gore e tlhagise ka maaka motseletsele wa ditiro tsa botaki tse di neng di tshwerwe kwa lefelong la dits tse di nang le ditso tse di itsiweng jaaka dilo tse di sa tswang go thubiwa tse di neng di tshwerwe mo dikokoanyong tsa poraefete. Dipapatso di ne di bolela gore tlhogo ya ga Buda e e neng e le mo kokoanyong ya Musiamo wa Metropolitan fa e sa le ka 1930 e ne e thubilwe kwa Musiamong wa Kabul ka 2001 mme morago ga moo ya tsenngwa ka bokhukhuntshwane kwa mmarakeng wa botaki wa United States, gore sefikantswe sa phitlho se se tswang kwa Palmyra se Met e neng e se bone ka 1901 se ne sa thubiwa ke Palmy the Islamic State bosheng jaana. e ne ya tsenngwa ka bokukuntshwane mo mmarakeng wa dilo tsa bogologolo tsa Yuropa, le gore maseke wa Ivory Coast o o nang le lefelo le le supang gore o ne o le kwa United States ka 1954 o ne wa thubelwa ka nako ya dintwa tse di tlhometseng ka 2010–2011. Morago ga dingongorego tsa Met, dipapatso di ne tsa gogelwa morago. == Dithoto le ditirelo == * UNESDOC Database <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/resources/publications/unesdoc-database/|title=UNESDOC Database – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization|website=unesco.org|access-date=8 December 2015}}</ref> – E na le ditokomane tsa UNESCO di feta dikete di le lekgolo le masome a le mane le borataro ka mokwalo o o feletseng tse di gatisitsweng fa e sale ka 1945 mmogo le metadata go tswa mo dikokoanyong tsa Motlobo wa UNESCO le mafelo a ditokomane mo diofising tsa tshimo le mo ditheong === Didiriswa tsa go dira tshedimosetso === UNESCO e tlhama, e tlhokomela, le go anamisa, mahala, diphuthelwana tse pedi tsa dirweboleta tse di amanang tsa taolo ya polokelotshedimosetso (CDS/ISIS [e se ke ya tlhakatlhakanngwa le sephuthelwana sa dirweboleta tsa mapodisi a UK ISIS]) le tshekatsheko ya meepo ya tshedimosetso/dipalopalo (IDAMS). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=1542&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html|title=Information Processing Tools|publisher=Unesco}}</ref> * CDS/ISIS – thulaganyo ya polokelo le go busetsa tshedimosetso e e akaretsang. Mofuta wa Windows o ka nna wa dira mo khomphuteng e le nngwe kgotsa mo netewekeng ya lefelo la selegae. Dikarolo tsa tlelaente/sefara ya JavaISIS di letla taolo ya polokelotshedimosetso e e kgakala ka Inthanete mme di teng mo Windows, Linux, le Macintosh. Mo godimo ga moo, GenISIS e letla badirisi go tlhagisa diforomo tsa Webo tsa HTML tsa go batla mo polokelotshedimosetsong ya CDS/ISIS. ISIS_DLL e fana ka API ya ho ntshetsa pele dikopo tse thehilweng ho CDS/ISIS. * OpenIDAMS – sephuthelwana sa sofotewere sa go dira le go sekaseka tshedimosetso ya dipalo e e tlhamilweng, e e tlhokometsweng le go anamisiwa ke UNESCO. Sephuthelwana sa ntlha e ne e le sa mong, fela UNESCO e simolotse porojeke ya go se tlamela jaaka motswedi o o bulegileng. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID=15653&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html|title=OpenIDAMS|publisher=Unesco}}</ref> * IDIS – sedirisiwa sa kananyo ya tshedimosetso ka tlhamalalo fa gare ga CDS/ISIS le IDAMS == Bona gape == * Neteweke ya tsamaiso ya akatemi * Metlobo ya Kgolagano ya Ditšhaba * Manaane a Boswa jwa Setso jo bo sa Tshwaregeng a UNESCO * ''Setshwantsho se se Repameng sa UNESCO sa 1957–58'', se se betlilweng ke Henry Moore * Uniref * Tšhata ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Thuto ya go Itshidila mmele, go Itshidila mmele le Metshameko [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] == Malatsi a boditšhabatšhaba a a lebelelwang kwa UNESCO == Malatsi a Boditšhabatšhaba a a lebelelwang kwa UNESCO a kwadilwe mo lenaneong le le fa tlase: {| class="sortable wikitable" !Date !Name |- |14 January |World Logic Day |- |24 January |World Day for African and [[Batswakwa ba Aferika|Afrodescendant]] Culture<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Day for African and Afrodescendant Culture|url=https://www.un.org/en/observances/decade-people-african-descent/world-day|access-date=16 March 2023|publisher=United Nations}}</ref> |- |24 January |International Day of Education |- |25 January |[[International Day of Women in Multilateralism]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Day of Women in Multilateralism|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/women-multilateralism|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |27 January |International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust |- |11 February |International Day of Women and Girls in Science |- |13 February |World Radio Day |- |21 February |[[Letsatsi la Boditšhabatšhaba la loleme lwa ga Mmè|International Mother Language Day]] |- |4 March |UNESCO World Engineering Day for Sustainable Development |- |8 March |International Women's Day |- |14 March |International Day of Mathematics |- |20 March |International Francophonie Day |- |21 March |International Day of Nowruz |- |21 March |World Poetry Day |- |21 March |[[Letsatsi la mafatshefatshe la go emisiwa ga tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala|International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination]] |- |22 March |World Water Day |- |5 April |International Day of Conscience |- |6 April |International Day of Sport for Development and Peace |- |15 April |World Art Day |- |23 April |World Book and Copyright Day |- |30 April |International Jazz Day |- |3 May |World Press Freedom Day |- |5 May |African World Heritage Day |- |5 May |World Portuguese Language Day |- |16 May |International Day of Light |- |21 May |World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development |- |22 May |International Day for Biological Diversity |- |5 June |World Environment Day |- |8 June |World Oceans Day |- |17 June |World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought |- |7 July |Kiswahili Language Day |- |18 July |Nelson Mandela International Day |- |26 July |International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem |- |9 August |International Day of the World's Indigenous People |- |12 August |International Youth Day |- |23 August |International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition |- |8 September |International Literacy Day |- |9 September |International Day to Protect Education from Attack |- |15 September |International Day of Democracy |- |20 September |International Day for University Sport |- |21 September |International Day of Peace |- |28 September |International Day for the Universal Access to Information |- |5 October |World Teachers' Day |- |6 October |International Geodiversity Day<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.geodiversityday.org/|access-date=30 March 2023|website=Geodiversity Day}}</ref> |- |11 October |International Day of the Girl Child |- |13 October |International Day for Disaster Reduction |- |17 October |International Day for the Eradication of Poverty |- |24 October |United Nations Day |- |27 October |World Day for Audiovisual Heritage |- |2 November |International Day to End Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.unesco.org/day/endimpunity|title=International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists|website=UNESCO|access-date=19 December 2016}}</ref> |- |3 November |International Day for Biosphere Reserves<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Day for Biosphere Reserves|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/biosphere-reserves?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab2000da82692511cafaf52f6dc60629ec28f02c5d16a29ee92a049979ffb2615f863908148ab7051430007100a07811529af602e22ee9de55e3b31523e0322c4f6fece108d426e21efdeb40145b3201dea7291bb4b36bf1200928|access-date=20 March 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |First Thursday of November |International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying<ref>{{Cite web|title=International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/against-school-violence-and-bullying?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab2000215100c9b55f50f01ef1e64051f85d005ed160afdcf1a51bcf3583574677710208e8af9298143000018e9fdf83784eb3679536c40b01a90b0f25955889d57dd8600be4d679c6274bfbe91309740e894263ea1c504e76b6e1|access-date=30 March 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |5 November |World Day of Romani Language |- |5 November |World Tsunami Awareness Day |- |10 November |World Science Day for Peace and Development |- |14 November |International Day against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Day against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/against-illicit-trafficking?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab2000821549653dba7a376b0a5b441f23d8634a07fe1a0b8047f8ed7274eefcb8bf83086389fffe143000c64e4284c7d7279202386844466d3c243ced0a6346867120dacca3b36c89c6166e3a5033c235a8e5bac9a20c2a095b25|access-date=30 March 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |Third Thursday of November |World Philosophy Day |- |16 November |International Day for Tolerance |- |18 November |International International Day of Islamic Art<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Day of Islamic Art|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/international-day-islamic-art?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab20007f0fb6123af772d877095c654e99dffd11b638c1dbcfcbe0ded4d7755fbb64e908fe0b245d143000d659354dbf4355519b3d6ff69fa0fe3d4dd01e13569dc94bfb468157404a5baea6571b52e128f194aedd3ef1a92e404c|access-date=30 March 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |25 November |International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women |- |26 November |World Olive Tree Day<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Day of the Olive Tree|url=https://www.internationaloliveoil.org/olive-world/world-day-of-the-olive-tree/|access-date=30 March 2023|website=International Olive Council|archive-date=30 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330112831/https://www.internationaloliveoil.org/olive-world/world-day-of-the-olive-tree/|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |29 November |International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People |- |1 December |World AIDS Day |- |2 December |World Futures Day<ref>{{Cite web|title=World Futures Day|url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/world-futures?TSPD_101_R0=080713870fab20005a8944393e54498a6a76c337f206b93f3df96e7230f9cb8d5bfbd1f7d90c5ceb087a862064143000d48518290f2d33eede6cfbd08f9ea8d7ca374e7b1f573d2a3e2d1f9ce27cc48a4f9e190123c7bd6714dba119bd6b04b0|access-date=30 March 2023|website=UNESCO}}</ref> |- |3 December |International Day of Persons with Disabilities |- |10 December |Human Rights Day |- |18 December |International Migrants Day |- |18 December |World Arabic Language Day |} 4d5988g7zfqxawla3tcauhs1le57rez 0 10915 50354 43960 2026-06-09T07:27:05Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50354 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ditlhaselo tsa Mombasa tsa 2002''' e ne e le ditlhaselo tse pedi tse di rulagantsweng tsa borukhutlhi ka Ngwanaatsele a le masome mabedi le boferabobedi 2002 kwa Mombasa, Kenya, kgatlhanong le hotele e e neng e le ya Iseraele le sefofane sa Arkia Airlines. Koloi e e kgonang go tsamaya mo mafelong otlhe e ne ya thula mo sekgoreletsing se se neng se le kwa ntle ga Hotele ya Paradise mme ya thunya, ya bolaya batho ba le lesome le boraro mme ya gobatsa ba le masome a ferabobedi. Ka nako e e tshwanang, batlhasedi ba ne ba thuntsha marumo a mabedi a a neng a tswa mo godimo ga lefatshe go ya kwa moweng mo sefofaneng se se neng se hirilweng sa Iseraele.<ref name=":1">[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2525931.stm "Israel evacuates tourists from Kenya"]. BBC News. 29 November 2002.</ref> Hotele ya Paradise e ne e le yone fela hotele e e neng e le ya Iseraele mo kgaolong ya Mombasa.<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2545711.stm "Kenyan hotel staff unpaid"]. BBC News. 5 December 2002.</ref> Ditlhaselo tseo go ne go dumelwa fa di rulagantswe ke badiri ba [[al-Qaeda]] kwa Somalia ka maiteko a go kgoreletsa lekala l bojanala ya Iseraele mo kontinenteng ya Aforika. Go nnile le dikakanyetso tse dintsi tsa gore badirabosula ke bomang, mme ga go ise go tlhalosiwe lenaane le le feletseng la babelaelwa. Tlhaselo e ne e le letsholo la bobedi la borukhutlhi la al-Qaeda kwa Kenya, morago ga go thuntshiwa ga boemedi jwa U.S. kwa Nairobi ka 1998.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20191215192231/http://edition.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/africa/12/02/kenya.probe/ "Al Qaeda claims responsibility for Kenya attacks - Dec. 3, 2002"]. ''CNN''. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo ka 2025.</ref> Morago ga tlhaselo eno, Lekgotla la Tshireletso la lekgotla la Ditshaba le ditshaba tse dingwe di ne tsa kgala go thuntshiwa moo. == Ditlhaselo == === Go thuntshiwa ga dihotele === Banna ba le bararo ba ne ba atamela kgoro ya Hotele ya Paradise ka koloi ya Mitsubishi Pajero mme ba botsolodiwa ke badisa ba tshireletso. Mongwe wa banna bao o ne a tswa mo koloing mme a thuntsha sekipara sa gagwe. Banna ba bangwe ba babedi ba ne ba thulana le sekgoreletsi, ba thulana le kgoro e e kwa pele ya hotele mme ba thuntsha bomo mo koloing.<ref>[https://www.nation.co.ke/lifestyle/dn2/-Terrorists-hit-Paradise-Hotel-after-elaborate-planning/957860-2067670-u34buhz/index.html "2002: Terrorists hit Paradise Hotel after elaborate planning"]. ''Daily Nation''. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.</ref> Go thunya moo go diragetse pele ga Hanukkah, fela fa baeng ba le masome marataro ba Iseraele ba sena go tsena mo hoteleng go ya go nna mo malatsing a boikhutso. Go thunya mo go ne ga bolaya batho ba le lesome le boraro, go akaretsa le Ba-Kenya ba le lesome le Baiseraele ba le bararo, mme ga gobatsa ba le masome a ferabobedi. Ba robabongwe ba batho ba ba neng e le batswasetlhabelo e ne e le dibini tse di neng di thapilwe go amogela baeng ba hotele. Mo thomong ya phalotso ya bosigo jotlhe, difofane di le nne tsa [[Lockheed C-130 Hercules]] tse di neng di dirisiwa ke Sesole sa Difofane sa Iseraele di ne tsa romelwa kwa Mombasa go ya go fudusa baswi le ba ba gobetseng.<ref name=":0" /> === Sefofane sa Arkia sa Iseraele sa 582 === [[Setshwantsho:SA-7.jpg|thumb|Marumo a mabedi a Strela 2 a thuntshitswe ka nako ya go emelela, mme a fosa sefofane.]] Mo e ka nnang ka nako e le nngwe le tlhaselo ya hotele, marumo a mabedi a Strela 2 (SA-7) a a thuntshiwang go tswa kwa tlase go yaya kwa phefong a ne a thuntshiwa go ya sefofaneng sa Boeing 757 se se neng se hirilwe sa Arkia Airlines e e kwa Iseraele fa se ne se emelela go tswa kwa lebaleng la difofane la Boditshabatshaba la Moi. Komponi ya go hira difofane ya Arkia e ne e na le tirelo ya ka metlha ya beke le beke e e neng e fofisa bajanala fa gare ga Tel Aviv le Mombasa. Mapodisi a Kenya a ribolotse sedirisiwa se se thuntshitseng marumo le dikhurumelo tse pedi tsa marumo kwa lefelong la Changamwe kwa Mombasa mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le pedi go tswa kwa lebaleng la difofane. Bafofisi ba ne ba rulagantse go kotama ka tshoganyetso kwa Nairobi morago ga go bona marumo a mabedi a feta fa go bone, mme ba swetsa ka gore ba tswelele ba e kwa Iseraele. Sefofane seo se ne sa kotama kwa lebaleng la difofane la [[Ben Gurion]] kwa Tel Aviv diura di ka nna tlhano moragonyana, se patilwe ke difofane tsa ntwa tsa Iseraele tsa [[F-15]].<ref name=":2">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/2523065.stm UK condemns Kenya bomb attack]. BBC News. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.</ref> Morago ga tlhaselo eo, difofane tsotlhe tse di neng di tswa kwa Iseraele di ya kwa Kenya di ne tsa phimolwa go ya go ile. == Badiramolato == Sheikh [[Omar Bakri Mohammed]], moeteledipele wa mokgatlho wa Islam wa [[Al Muhajiroun]] o o kwa Lontone, o ne a bolela gore go tlhagile ditlhagiso mo Internet. "Ditlhopha tsa dirukutlhi tse di utlwelang Al-Qaeda botlhoko di tlhagisitse beke e e fetileng gore go tla nna le tlhaselo kwa Kenya mme ba umaka Baiseraele," a rialo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230304131024/https://www.kbc.co.ke/story.asp?id=14370 "Warnings were on Internet chat rooms, says cleric"]. [[:en:Kenya_Broadcasting_Corporation|Kenya Broadcasting Corporation]]. 28 November 2002. Archived from [http://www.kbc.co.ke/story.asp?id=14370 the original] on 4 March 2023. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.</ref> Kwa tshimologong, babueledi ba puso ya Iseraele ba ne ba ganela gore ba amogetse tlhagiso e e ntseng jalo. Mme malatsi a le mane morago ga go thunya moo, Mojenerale wa Sesole [[Yossi Kuperwasser]] o ne a dumela gore matlhale a sesole sa Iseraele a ne a itse ka matshosetsi kwa Kenya, mme a ne a sa tlhamalale sentle. Tlhogo ya pele ya [[Mossad]] Danny Yatom o ne a tsaya tsela e e tshwanang, a re Iseraele e ne ya bona ditlhagiso tse dintsi tsa borukhutlhi tse di neng di sa tsewe tsia.<ref name=":2" /> Kwa Lebanon, setlhopha se se neng se sa itsiwe pele se se bidiwang Sesole sa Palastina se rile se dirile ditlhaselo tse mme sa re se batla gore lefatshe le utlwe "lentswe la batshabi" ka ngwaga wa masome matlhano le botlhano wa go kgaoganngwa ga Palastina.<ref name=":1" /><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2523737.stm Al-Qaeda suspected in Kenya attacks]. [[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]. 28 November 2002.</ref> Ka Sedimonthole a le masome mabedi ka 2006, Salad Ali Jelle, Tona ya Tshireletso ya Puso ya Bofeterale ya Phetogo ya Somalia, o ne a bolela gore mongwe wa babelaelwa, Abu Talha al-Sudani, e ne e le moeteledipele wa Mokgatlho wa Dikgotlatshekelo tsa Islam yo o neng a lwa kgatlhanong le Puso ya Bofederale ya Phetogo mo Ntweng ya Baidoa ya 2006.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060615021453/http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1 "Clashes broaden between Somali Islamist and government troops"]. [[:en:Independent_Online_(South_Africa)|Independent Online (South Africa)]]. 20 December 2006. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.</ref> Lwetse a le lesome le bone, 2009, masole a Amerika a ne a bolaya Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan yo o tsholetsweng kwa Kenya morago ga gore lerumo le thule koloi ya gagwe kwa kgaolong ya Barawe, dikilometara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome matlhano kwa borwa jwa motsemogolo wa Somalia Mogadishu. Go dumelwa fa Nabhan a rekile lori e e dirisitsweng mo go thunyeng ga bomo ka 2002.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180303050347/https://www.haaretz.com/1.5472307 "Commandos Kill Suspect in 2002 Mombasa Hotel Blast"]. ''[[:en:Haaretz|Haaretz]]''. 15 September 2009. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.</ref> Fazul Abdullah Mohammed e ne e le moeteledipele wa kwa ntle wa setlhopha sa bo-jihadist sa motheo, Al-Shabaab, se se solofeditseng go ikanyega mo al-Qaeda. Mohammed o ne a tlhomiwa go nna moeteledipele wa ditiro tsa al-Qaeda kwa Afrika Botlhaba. E ne e le leloko le le neng le tsaya karolo mo go thunyeng ga bomo kwa Boemelong jwa U.S. ka 1998 kwa Nairobi mme e ne e le mongwe wa batho ba ba neng ba rulagantse tlhaselo kwa Mombasa. O ne a bona tlhaselo e le go palelwa ka ntlha ya marumo a Strela 2 a a neng a palelwa ke go thuntsha sefofane fa se emelela.<ref>Aronson, Samuel L. (November 2013). [https://web.archive.org/web/20140104212625/http://www.umes.edu/cms300uploadedFiles/AJCJS/Volume_7_Issue_1_and_2/VOL7.1%20ARONSON%20FINAL.pdf "Kenya and the Global War on Terror:Neglecting History and Geopolitics in Approaches to Counterterrorism"] (PDF). ''African Journal of Criminology and Justice Studies''. '''7''' (1&2). Archived from [http://www.umes.edu/cms300uploadedFiles/AJCJS/Volume_7_Issue_1_and_2/VOL7.1%20ARONSON%20FINAL.pdf the original] (PDF) on 4 January 2014. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.</ref> [[Mohammed Abdul Malik Bajabu]] o ne a ipolela ka ngwaga wa 2007 gore o ne a thusa mo go thuntsiweng ga dikoloi mo go neng ga diragala kwa Hoteleng ya The Paradise. O ne a tshwarwa ke balaodi ba Kenya mme a tlhatlhelwa ke U.S. kwa Guantanamo Bay kwantle ga ditatofatso dipe tsa semmuso kgatlhanong le ene. Go nnile le batlhasedi ba bangwe ba le bane ba ba belaelwang ba ba amanang le setlhopha sa al-Qaeda kwa Kenya, mme basekisi ba Kenya ba nnile le bothata jwa go tlhomamisa molato ka nnete. Baagi ba le bane ba Kenya ba golotswe ka ntlha ya go tlhoka bosupi.<ref>staff, T. O. I. [https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-wants-israel-to-try-gitmo-prisoner-for-2002-kenya-bombing-report/ "US wants Israel to try Gitmo prisoner for 2002 Kenya bombing — report"]. ''timesofisrael.com''. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.</ref> Gape go nnile le dikakanyetso tsa go nna le seabe ga mokgatlho wa borukhutlhi wa Somalia o o itsiweng jaaka, [[Al Ittihad al Islamiya]] (AIAI). AIAI e ntse e na le dikamano le al-Qaeda. Ba ne ba solofetse gore ka go romela molaetsa kwa Baiseraeleng ka tlhaselo e, ba tla gola gaufi le go fitlhelela phitlhelelo ya bone ya go tlhoma puso ya BoIslam ya Somalia.<ref>"The North and East African Clusters." ''Beyond Al-Qaeda: Part 1, The Global Jihadist Movement'', by Angel Rabasa et al., RAND Corporation, 2006, pp. 119–134. ''JSTOR'', www.jstor.org/stable/10.7249/mg429af.17.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, modiredi wa pele wa Botlhodi jwa Iseraele o ne a latofatsa Abdullah Ahmed Abdullah, yo o bidiwang Abu Mohammed al-Masri, ka go laela ditlhaselo tsa Mombasa.<ref>Goldman, Adam; Schmitt, Eric; Fassihi, Farnaz; Bergman, Ronen (14 November 2020). [https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/13/world/middleeast/al-masri-abdullah-qaeda-dead.html "Al Qaeda's No. 2, Accused in U.S. Embassy Attacks, Is Secretly Killed in Iran"]. ''The New York Times'' – via NYTimes.com.</ref> === Tlhotlheletso === Go dumelwa gore setlhopha sa borukhutlhi sa al-Qaeda se ne se batla go fokotsa thata ditiro tsa Iseraele mo kontinenteng ya Aforika. Ditlhaselo tse pedi tse di neng tsa dirwa ka nako e le nngwe di ne tsa ama lekala la bojanala la Iseraele ka tlhamalalo.<ref name=":3">Kuto, Benjamin K.; Groves, James L. (2004). "The Effect of Terrorism: Evaluating Kenya's Tourism Crisis". ''e-Review of Tourism Research''. '''2''': 2–4.</ref> Hotele ya Paradise e ne e le lefelo le le neng le le mo lotshitshing lwa lewatle la Baiseraele le batho ba le bantsi ba Iseraele ba ba neng ba tla go ikhutsa ba neng ba ya kwa go lone kgapetsakgapetsa. Setlhopha sa dirukutlhi sa Al-Shabaab se sentsi kwa Somalia, mme ka ntlha ya tshireletsego e e bokoa ya melelwane, gantsi maloko a sone a tsena kwa Kenya. Kenya e na le batho ba le mmalwanyana ba MaMuslim ba ba ntseng ba kgaoganngwa le ba bangwe go tswa mo ditsong, mme ka ntlha ya go sa dumalane mo go golang le ditiro tsa Bophirima malebang le melelwane ya Kenya, go dirile gore palo e e golang ya BaMuslim a jihad e kgone go tsena kwa Nairobi. Setshaba sa BaMuslim kwa Kenya se ne se latlhegetswe ke boemedi jwa sepolotiki le jwa itsholelo jo bo neng jwa dira gore ba tlhaselwe, mme seo se ne sa dira gore ba tlhome mogopolo mo BoIslam le mo Botlhabagare, e seng mo Kenya. Seo se ne sa dira gore mokgatlho wa jihad o nne le taolo e e nonofileng mo teng ga Kenya, jaaka fa baagi ba Kenya ba ne ba thusa mo ditlhaselong tsa Hotele ya Paradise le tsa Boeing 757.<ref>Harbeson, John W; Rothchild, Donald S (2009). ''Africa in world politics: reforming political order''. Boulder, CO: Westview Press. ISBN 978-0-8133-4364-8. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/192042020 192042020].</ref> == Tsibogo ya boditshabatshaba == Ka bonako fela morago ga ditlhaselo tseo, Iseraele e ne ya simolola go fudusa baagi botlhe ba Iseraele ba ba neng ba le mo teng ga melelwane ya Kenya. Go ne ga simolola tiro e e kopanetsweng fa gare ga United States le Iseraele go bona gore ke bomang ba ba dirileng tlhaselo e.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/2525931.stm "Israel evacuates tourists from Kenya"]. 29 November 2002. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.</ref> Tautona George W Bush le Mokwaledi wa lefatshe [[Colin Powell]] wa Amerika,<ref name=":1" /><ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/security/library/news/2002/11/sec-021129-usia02.htm "Powell Condemns Terror Attacks"]. GlobalSecurity.org. 29 November 2002. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.</ref> Tona ya merero ya mafatshe a sele ya Iseraele Benyamin Netanyahu,<ref>"At least eight killed in Mombasa hotel blast in Kenya". [[:en:Xinhua_News_Agency|Xinhua News Agency]]. 28 November 2002.</ref> puso ya Kenya,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230304135527/https://www.kbc.co.ke/story.asp?id=14373 "This is senseless terrorism, Govt says"]. [[:en:Kenya_Broadcasting_Corporation|Kenya Broadcasting Corporation]]. 28 November 2002. Archived from [http://www.kbc.co.ke/story.asp?id=14373 the original] on 4 March 2023. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.</ref> le Mokwaledi wa merero ya mafatshe a sele wa United Kingdom Jack Straw<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/2529777.stm "Kenya attacks: TV and radio reports"]. [[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]. 29 November 2002. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.</ref> botlhe ba ne ba kgala tlhaselo eo. Lekgotla la Tshireletso la Lekgotla la Ditshaba le amogetse Tshwetso ya 1450 e e kgalang ditlhaselo tse, Syria e ne e le yone fela lefatshe le le neng la se ka la tlhomamisa tshwetso eo ka ntlha ya maatla a a kailweng a go tshereganya ka tlhamalalo mo mererong ya ka fa gare ya lefatshe e e amegang morago ga tlhaselo ya borukhutlhi. Gape ba ne ba sa rate go umakiwa ga Iseraele gangwe le gape mo tshwetsong, e e neng e le kgatlhanong le pono ya bone ya sepolotiki malebang le kgotlhang kwa Botlhabagare fa gare ga Iseraele le Palastina.<ref>[https://www.un.org/press/en/2002/sc7602.doc.htm "COUNCIL VOTES TO CONDEMN TERRORIST ATTACK IN KENYA, AS IT ADOPTS RESOLUTION 1450 (2002) BY VOTE OF 14-1 | Meetings Coverage and Press Releases"]. ''un.org''. E nopotswe Phukwi a le masome mararo le motso ka 2025.</ref> === Dipatlisiso === Ka ntlha ya go thuntshiwa ga boemedi jwa U.S. ka 1998 le ditlhaselo tsa kwa Mombasa, tirisanommogo ya Kenya-U.S.magareng ga balaodi e nonofile. E ne e le maiteko a a kopanetsweng fa gare ga Kenya, U.S. le Iseraele go tshwara batlhasedi. Ba kgonne go tlhomamisa gore badiri ba al-Qaeda ke bone ba ba neng ba dira ditlhaselo tseo ka ntlha ya go tshwana ga ditiragalo tsa kwa Nairobi le Mombasa. Batlhasedi ba ne ba dirisitse dibomo tsa dikoloi tse di neng di tserwe mo dilong tsa lefelo leo. Go rulaganya le go tsamaisa ditlhaselo, badiri ba al-Qaeda ba ne ba hira matlo mo mafelong a a humileng go kopana le batho ba e seng ba Kenya ba ba ipolayang ka dibomo.<ref>Carson, Johnnie. "Kenya: The Struggle against Terrorism." ''Battling Terrorism in the Horn of Africa'', edited by Robert I. Rotberg, Brookings Institution Press, 2005, pp. 173–192. ''JSTOR'', www.jstor.org/stable/10.7864/j.ctt128137.11.</ref> ==== Ditlamorago ==== Ka 2003 mafatshe a Bophirima a ne a gakolola baagi botlhe ba tsone gore ba se ka ba ya kwa Kenya ka ntlha ya matshosetsi a borukhutlhi. Se se amile itsholelo ya Kenya ka tsela e e sa siamang e e neng e ikaegile thata ka lekala la bojanala. Morago ga dikgakololo le go emisiwa ga difofane tsa British Airways go ya kwa Nairobi, itsholelo ya Kenya e ne ya simolola go latlhegelwa ke mo e ka nnang didolara di le didikadike tse lekgolo le masome a mararo ka beke.<ref name=":3" /> == Metswedi == 6h7n0t71ha9ok7q1hu9go0x3fkuvn7g 0 11621 50349 44164 2026-06-09T05:57:45Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Carina Nel|birth_name=Carina Nel|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1988|1|4}}|birth_place=[[Pretoria]], South Africa|resting place coordinates=<!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->|education=[[Hoërskool Waterkloof]]|alma mater=Tshwane Technical University|occupation=Actress|years active=2010–present|height_m=1.70m|children=1}} '''Carina Nel''' (o tshotswe ka Firikgong a tlhola gane 1988) ke modiragatsi wa [[Aforika Borwa|Aforika]] [[Aforika Borwa|Borwa]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211008135804/http://gaenor.co.za/artists/carina-nel/ "Carina Nel: Gaenor Artiste Management"]. gaenor.co.za. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> Nel o simolotse e le modiragatsi wa bobogelo, mme moragonyana a nna modiragatsi yo o tumileng wa thelebišene segolobogolo ka difilimi tse pedi tsa ''Generations'' le ''7de Laan''.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/channel/the-juice/news/7de-laan-actress-mom-trapped-in-her-home-during-hostage-situation-20161014 "7de Laan actress' mom trapped in her home during hostage situation"]. Channel. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/tv/soapies/fans-slam-interracial-7de-laan-kiss-18905653 "Fans slam interracial '7de Laan' kiss"]. ''www.iol.co.za''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>[https://www.dailyvoice.co.za/lifestyle-entertainment/celebrity/kiss-and-hell-18906237 "Kiss and hell!"]. ''www.dailyvoice.co.za''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>Flanagan, Jane. [https://www.thetimes.com/world/africa/article/afrikaans-viewers-outraged-by-mixed-race-kiss-on-tv-soap-7g3wc2srn "Afrikaans viewers outraged by mixed-race kiss on TV soap"]. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>Taylor, Jody-Lynn. [https://www.news24.com/you/celebs/local/7de-laans-love-fest-everything-you-must-know-about-filexas-wedding-20210712 "7de Laan's love fest: Everything you must know about Filexa's wedding"]. ''You''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Nel o tshotswe Firikgong a le gane 1988 kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]], Aforika Borwa. == Tiro == O ithutile bodiragatsi kwa Yunibesithing ya Setegeniki ya Tshwane kwa Pretoria mme morago a aloga ka dikirii ya Bachelor with Honors mo drameng. Ka nako ya fa a ne a le kwa yunibesithing, o ne a tshameka mo metshamekong e le mentsi jaaka ''Festen, Peter Pan, Skattebol,Windmaker'', ''She;'s Just Not Into You'', ''Hoe Later Hoe Kwater'' le ''S11.'' Morago ga go aloga, o ne a kopanela le Children's Theatre mo tlhagisong e e tsamayang e e bidiwang "What Walrus?" mme moragonyana ga latelwa ke tiro e e ikemetseng ya bobogelo jaaka "Pappawerwyn". Moragonyana, o ne a kopana le mokaedi wa bobogelo Quintin Wils le mokwadi Jannes Erasmus kwa a neng a simolola go diragatsa mo metshamekong e mentsi ya serala jaaka ''Sand''. Mo thulaganyong ya solo e e bidiwang ''Suster'', Nel o ne a tshameka badiragatsi ba le supa ba ba farologaneng.<ref name=":0">[https://satheatremagazine.files.wordpress.com/2019/01/sa-theatre-magazine-jan-mar-2019.pdf "Carina Nel returns to the stage"] (PDF). ''Satheatre Magazine''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> Fa go ntse jalo o ne a lalediwa kwa filiming e e tlwaelesegileng ya ''Generations'', kwa a neng a tshameka karolo ya "Isabelle" dingwaga di le pedi le sephatlo tse di tswelelang jaanong.<ref>[https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/tv/bokkies-big-leap-pays-off-1522512 "Bokkie's big leap pays off".] ''www.iol.co.za''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> Fa a ntse a dira mo Generations, o ne a diragatsa gape le mo metshamekong ya serala, ''Crave, ONSkuld, Wie Hyg So'' le ''Kop Onderstebo''. ''ONSkuld'' gape ke filimi ya ntlha ya mogala wa letheka ya Aforika Borwa. Ka 2016, o ne a tshameka mo filiming ya ''Queen of Katwe'', e leng filimi ya bayokerafi e e buang ka motshameki wa chess wa kwa [[Uganda]] e bong [[Phiona Mutesi]] e e neng e kaelwa ke Mira Nair. Mo filiming eo, Nel o ne a tshameka karolo ya motshameki wa chess wa kwa Canada e bong [[Dina Kagramanov]]. Fa e sale ka 2016, gape o tshameka dikarolo tse pedi tsa "Alexa Chauke" le "Amanda Lous" mo setoring se se tumileng sa SABC 2 sa ''[[7de Laan]]'' se se tlhagisitsweng ke [[Danie Odendaal]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>Havenga, Franco. [https://www.news24.com/you/celebs/7de-laan-actress-opens-up-about-her-characters-struggle-with-bulimia-20190403 "7de Laan actress opens up about her character's struggle with bulimia"]. ''You''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref><ref>Venge, Tinashe (17 October 2016). [https://www.all4women.co.za/893976/entertainment/entertainment-news/7de-laan-actress-mother-trapped-hostage-situation "7De Laan actress's mother trapped in hostage situation"]. ''All4Women''. Retrieved 27 Phalane 2025.</ref> == Bodiragatsi == {| class="wikitable" !Ngwaga !Filimi !Seabe !Genre !Ref. |- |2016 |''[[Queen of Katwe]]'' |Phiona Mutesi |Film | |- |2016–present |''Generations'' |Isabelle |TV series | |- |2016–present |''[[7de Laan]]'' |Alexa Welman-Chauke/ Amanda Louw |TV series | |} == Metswedi == <references /> [[Karolo:Batho ba ba tshelang]] p6y0s2oe2a4mfpz9a4mbtht0drgwzwa 0 11639 50356 44203 2026-06-09T08:19:23Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Emmanuel Yao Adzator|office=Mookamedi mogolo wa dikgolegelo tsa Ghana|president=[[John Mahama]]|predecessor=Matilda Baffour Missah|successor=Patrick Darko Missah|birth_place=Ghana|occupation=Mo ofisara wa dikgolegelo}} '''Emmanuel Yao Adzator''' ke moitseanape wa tshireletso wa kwa [[Ghana]]. O thapilwe ke tautona [[John Dramani Mahama]] go nna mookamedi wa dikgolegelo tsa kwa Ghana. O ne a tlhatlhamiwa ke [[Patrick Daeko Missah]] ka Mopitlo 2017.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20181018054649/http://233times.com/2017/03/prez-akufo-addo-appoints-dop-patrick-darko-missah-as-prisons-boss/ "Prez. Akufo-Addo appoints DOP Patrick Darko Missah as prisons boss"]. ''233times.com''. Retrieved 2028-10-28</ref> == Thuto == Emmanuel Adzator o tsene sekolo kwa [[Kpando Secondary.]] O ne a amogelwa kwa [[University of Ghana]] a aloga ka degree ya psychology. O na le diploma ya phiri go tswa kwa [[Ghana Institute of Management and Public Administration]]. == Tsa Pereko == Emmanuel Adzator o ne a thapiwa mo ditirelong tsa kgolegelo ka Moranang 1989. Fa a le mo tirong, o ne a katisiwa mo tsamaisong ya paakanyi, go boela mo setshabeng kwa Joyfields Training Institute kwa [[Las Vegas]],[[Nevada]] le tlhokomelo e e tseneletseng ya dikgolegelo kwa Galilee Management Institute kwa [[Israel]].<ref name=":1">Graphic.com.gh. [https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/prisons-service-gets-new-director-general.html "Prisons Service gets new Director-General".] ''Graphic Online''. Retrieved 2025-10-28</ref> Adzator o eteletse pele dikgolegelo di le mmalwa kwa Ghana di akaretsa tsa legae tsa [[Obuasi]] le tse di fa gare tsa [[Nsawam]]. O ne a nna mookamedi wa dikgolegelo tsa Ashanti. E ne e le mookamedi wa babereki le o o kwalang magolegwa kwa diofisi kgolo tsa dikgolegelo. == Mookamedi mogolo wa dikgolegelo tsa Ghana == Ka Firikgong 2015, o ne a tlhatlosiwa maemo go tswa kwa go mothusa mookamedi go nna mookamedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190904073519/http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php/media-center/news/130-superior-officers-in-ghana-prisons-service-promoted "Superior Officers In Ghana Prisons Service Promoted - Government of Ghana"]. ''www.ghana.gov.gh''. Archived from the original on 2019-09-04. Retrieved 2028-10-28</ref> Ka Mopitlo 2016, tautona wa nako eo wa Ghana, John Mahama, ka kgakololo ya khansele ya dikgolegelo, o ne a mo tlhoma motshwarelela bookamedi jwa dikgolegelo tsa Ghana. Pele ga a thapiwa, e ne e le mothusa mookamedimogolo wa dikgolegelo o o okametseng madi le tsamaiso.<ref name=":1" /> O ne a tlhatlhamiwa ke Patrick Missah ka 2017.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == 9jebse0241b1m33ai90tvleo8xtsh6i 0 12145 50347 48263 2026-06-09T02:27:11Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50347 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Winfridah Moraa Moseti''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le lesome(10) ka ngwaga wa 1996) ke motabogi wa sekgala se seleele wa kwa Kenya yo o gaisanang mo lebelong la marathone le halofo ya marathone. Fa e sa le a tlhagelela mo lefatsheng la boditšhabatšhaba ka ngwaga wa 2022, o itlhomile mo gare ga badiragatsi ba ba kwa godimo mo lefatsheng, a tlhomololwa ke go nna mo sethaleng kwa World Marathone Major. == Mokgwa wa go itshetsa le tswelelopele == Tiro ya ga Moseti ya seporofešenale e ne ya simolola go nna le maatla ka ngwaga wa 2022, morago ga gore a fudugele kwa Iten ka ngwaga wa 2021, e leng lefelo la katiso la bogodimo jo bo kwa godimo kwa Kenya le le itsegeng ka go tlhagisa batabogi ba maemo a a kwa godimo ba sekgala.<ref name=":0">"Winfridah Moseti reveals husband's role in Tokyo Marathon heroics". ''Mozzart Sport''. 2025-03-05. Retrieved 2025-06-03.[https://www.mozzartsport.co.ke/athletics/news/winfridah-moseti-reveals-husbands-role-in-tokyo-marathon-heroics/51423]</ref>Phetogo eno e ne ya itshupa e le botlhokwa thata mo go tlhabololeng boitshoko jwa gagwe le bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa go siana. Mo ngwageng oo, o ne a kwala nako e e kwa godimo ya 31:32 mo lebelong la dikilometara di le lesome (10) le 32:22.3h mo dimitara di le 10 000.<ref name=":1">"Winfridah Moraa MOSETI". ''World Athletics''. Retrieved 2025-06-03.[https://worldathletics.org/athletes/kenya/winfridah-moraa-moseti-14704937]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2024, Moseti o ne a fitlhelela nako e e kwa godimo ya 1:05:59 ka go nna wa bobedi kwa Mmarathoneng wa Halofo wa Málaga, mme moragonyana a ipolela phenyo kwa Halofo ya Mmarathone wa Bangsaen21 kwa Thailand ka nako ya 1:10:01.<ref name=":1" /><ref>"Loice Chemnung breaks Malaga Half Marathon course record". ''Athletics News''. 2024-03-10. Retrieved 2025-06-[https://web.archive.org/web/20241110205200/https://www.athletics.co.ke/loice-chemnung-breaks-malaga-half-marathon-course-record/ 03]</ref><ref>"Race Results 09/12/2024 - 15/12/2024". ''Kinisi Run Hub''. 2024-12-17. Retrieved 2025-06-[https://web.archive.org/web/20251208015351/https://kinisirunhub.co.uk/race-results-09-12-2024-15-12-2024/ 03]</ref><ref>"Results - Bangsaen21 Half Marathon 2024". ''Watch Athletics''. Retrieved 2025-06-03.[https://www.watchathletics.com/page/6187/results-bangsaen21-half-marathon-2024]</ref> Morago ga go fitlhelela maemo a a nonofileng mo mabelong a le mmalwa a magolo a boditšhabatšhaba, go akaretsa le maemo a borobongwe kwa Marathone wa Milan, a bone kwa Marathone wa Roma, a botlhano kwa Marathone wa Paris, a bobedi kwa Marathone wa Frankfurt, le a boraro kwa Marathone wa Hamburg le Marathone wa Tokyo2 wa TCS Amsterdam,[1] o ne a dira tiro e e molemo kwa Mmarathoneng wa TCS Amsterdam. Fa a le koo, o ne a nna mo maemong a bobedi ka 2:16:56, e leng nako e e gaisang tsotlhe, kwa go nngwe ya Dikgaisano tse dikgolo tsa Marathone wa Lefatshe Lotlhe tse di tumileng.<ref name=":1" /><ref>"Ethiopians dominate 2025 Tokyo Marathon as Benson Kipruto finishes sixth". ''Eastleigh Voice''. 2025-03-02. Retrieved 2025-06-[https://eastleighvoice.co.ke/news/121011/ethiopians-dominate-2025-tokyo-marathon-as-benson-kipruto-finishes-sixth 03]</ref><ref>"2025 Tokyo Marathon: Recap And Highlights". ''FloTrack''. 2025-03-01. Retrieved 2025-06-[https://www.flotrack.org/articles/13861933-2025-tokyo-marathon-recap-and-highlights 03]</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref>"Ethiopians dominate in Tokyo". ''Abbott World Marathon Majors''. Retrieved 2025-06-03.[https://www.worldmarathonmajors.com/content-hub/ethiopians-dominate-in-tokyo]</ref><ref name=":2">Sports, Pulse (2025-03-04). "'I couldn't have made it alone' – Winfridah Moseti dedicates Tokyo Marathon glory to husband". ''Pulse Sports Kenya''. Retrieved 2025-07-03.[https://www.pulsesports.co.ke/athletics/story/i-couldnt-have-made-it-alone-winfridah-moseti-dedicates-tokyo-marathon-glory-to-husband-2025030404445448782]</ref> Phitlhelelo eno e ne ya dira gore a nne mosadi wa borataro wa Kenya yo o bofefo go gaisa botlhe mo hisitoring mo sekgaleng sa marathone. Moseti o tswelela go ikatisa ka boikaelelo jwa go emela Kenya kwa Dikgaisanong tsa Lefatshe Lotlhe tsa Diatleletiki tsa isagwe le dikgaisano tse dingwe tsa lefatshe lotlhe.<ref name=":0" /> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Tiro ya ga Moseti e tshegediwa ke monna wa gagwe.<ref name=":2" /> == Dilo tse di gaisang == * '''Marathon''': 2:16:56 (Tokyo, 2 March 2025)<ref name=":1" /> * '''Half marathon''': 1:05:59 (Málaga, 10 March 2024)<ref name=":1" /> * '''10 Kilometres Road''': 31:32 (Iten, 10 June 2022)<ref name=":1" /> * '''10,000 Metres''': 32:22.3h (29 March 2022)<ref name=":1" /> == Diphitlhelelo tsa gagwe<ref>"Moseti, Winfridah Moraa - RRM Online Guide". ''RRM Online Guide''. Retrieved 2025-06-[https://www.rrmonlineguide.com/athletes/8957 03]</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Ngwaga !Lebelo !Toropo !Maemo !Nako |- |2022 |Milan Marathon |Milan |9th |2:28:47 |- |2022 |TCS Amsterdam Marathon |Amsterdam |3rd |2:23:44 |- |2023 |Rome Marathon |Rome |4th |2:24:28 |- |2023 |Paris Marathon |Paris |5th |2:21:49 |- |2023 |Hamburg Marathon |Hamburg |3rd |2:21:24 |- |2023 |Frankfurt Marathon |Frankfurt |2nd |2:21:10 |- |2024 |Malaga Half Marathon |Málaga |2nd |1:05:59 (PB) |- |2024 |Bangsaen21 Half Marathon |Chonburi, Thailand |1st |1:10:01 |- |2025 |Tokyo Marathon |Tokyo |2nd |2:16:56 (PB) |} == Metswedi == 8honilndqz26xte6frb9wxa1yumdd2t 0 12290 50350 45793 2026-06-09T06:19:08Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50350 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Cecile Kayirebwa.jpg|thumb]] '''Cécile Kayirebwa''' (o tshotswe ka 22 Diphalane 1946) ke moopedi wa kwa Rwanda. O godisitse lelapa la gagwe kwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium Belgium], mme o kile a etela mafelo a a farologaneng le go gatisa dialebamo. O itsege ka go opela ka Rwanda. O ne a sekisa diteišene tsa radio tsa Rwanda ka 2013 ka go palelwa ke go mo duela madi a gagwe. == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Kayirebwa o belegetswe kwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kigali Kigali] ka 1946. Batsadi ba gagwe ka bobedi e ne e le baopedi ba ba tlhagafetseng mme o ne a tle a opele dipina tsa pop tse a neng a di utlwile di opelwa ke [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Hallyday Johnny Hallyday], [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevie_Wonder Stevie Wonder] le [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_Gall France Gall]. O ne a tsenela setlhopha se se neng se gasiwa ke [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Rwanda Radio Rwanda] fa a ne a sa ntse a le ngwana. O ne a nna le bongwana jo bo itumedisang mme o ne a thapisediwa go nna modiredi wa tsa loago. Ka nako eo, go opela ga gagwe go ne ga fetoga go nna go opela mo a neng a aga mo thutong ya gagwe ya mmino wa setso wa kwa Rwanda. O ne a kwala dipina tse di neng di galaletsa Kgosigadi ya kwa Rwanda e bong [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosalie_Gicanda Rosalie] yo e neng e le mmusi yo o pelonomi.[http://www.oldies.com/artist-biography/Cecile-Kayirebwa.html ^{[ 1<nowiki>]</nowiki>}] Kayirebwa o ne a lalediwa go opelela Kgosigadi ya gagwe, mme ka 1973 ntwa e ne ya runya mo nageng ya gaabo mme a tsamaya le mmaagwe go ya go nna kwa Belgium. Gape ba ne ba nna kwa Lozère, koo mmaagwe a neng a nna le lesole la Mofora mme a simolola go bua le go opela ka Sefora ka thelelo. E ne e le leloko la setlhopha se se bidiwang Iyange ka dingwaga di le tlhano. Kwa Yuropa o ne a tswelela go dira jaaka moopedi go maloko a mangwe a morafe wa kwa Rwanda. Ene le monna wa gagwe ba ne ba na le bana ba le bane mme a ithuta ngwao-boswa ya gagwe kwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Museum_for_Central_Africa Royal Museum for Central Africa] kwa [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tervuren Tervuren]. O ne a tlhagelela kwa Yuropa le Amerika mo setlhopheng sa Bula Sangoma mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1980 mme ba ne ba dira alebamo ka 1985.[http://www.oldies.com/artist-biography/Cecile-Kayirebwa.html ^{[ 1<nowiki>]</nowiki>}] Ka 1988 o ne a boela gae go setse go le thari gore a kopane gape le mmaagwe, yo o neng a tlhokafala kwa Rwanda pele fela ga a goroga. O ne a opela pina ya gagwe e e buang ka boitumelo e e neng e bidiwa "Umunezero" mme pina e ne ya bolelwa fa e tumile thata mo [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rwandan_Patriotic_Front Rwanda Patriotic Front].[http://www.oldies.com/artist-biography/Cecile-Kayirebwa.html ^{[ 1<nowiki>]</nowiki>}] Kayirebwa o ne a opela ka ditlhopha le a le nosi. Alebamo ya gagwe ya ntlha e ne e bidiwa "Music from Rwanda" mme e ne e na le dipina tsa Jean-Christophe Matata [fr]. O ne a golola alebamo ka 2002 le 2005 mme a nna le seabe mo meletlong go akaretsa Holocaust Memorial Event kwa London ka 2001.[http://www.africanmusiciansprofiles.com/CecileKayirebwa.htm ^{[ 3<nowiki>]</nowiki>}] Ene le Christine Coppel ba ne ba tlhoma mokgatlho wa thuso o o bidiwang "Hope, the Children of a Thousand Hills" o o amegang ka nagagae ya gaabo.[http://www.allmusic.com/artist/cecile-kayirebwa-mn0000661808 ^{[ 2<nowiki>]</nowiki>}] Ka 2013 Kayirebwa o ne a sekisa diteishene tsa radio tsa kwa Rwanda go akaretsa le radio ya puso, Radio Rwanda, ka a ne a utlwiwa gantsi mme a sa amogela madi a go gatisa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160308083943/http://greatlakesvoice.com/court-orders-orinfor-isango-star-pay-rwf-8-6m-to-kayirebwa/ ^{[4<nowiki>]</nowiki>}] == Metswedi == [http://www.oldies.com/artist-biography/Cecile-Kayirebwa.html [1<nowiki>]</nowiki> Cecile Kayirebwa Biography], Colin Larkin, The Encyclopedia of Popular Music [http://www.allmusic.com/artist/cecile-kayirebwa-mn0000661808 [2<nowiki>]</nowiki> Biography], Craig Harris, AllMusic.com, Retrieved 4 March 2016 [http://www.africanmusiciansprofiles.com/CecileKayirebwa.htm [3<nowiki>]</nowiki> Cécile Kayirebwa] Archived 2017-11-19 at the Wayback Machine, africanmusiciansprofiles.com, Retrieved 4 March 2016 [https://web.archive.org/web/20160308083943/http://greatlakesvoice.com/court-orders-orinfor-isango-star-pay-rwf-8-6m-to-kayirebwa/ [4<nowiki>]</nowiki> Court orders Orinfor, Isango star pay Rwf 8.6M to Kayirebwa] Archived 2016-03-08 at the Wayback Machine, February 2013, GretLakesVoice, Retrieved 4 March 2016 fsjs980wo052biv4znixxquryn9qexi 0 12534 50346 46567 2026-06-09T02:19:13Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50346 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Veronique AKA.jpg|thumb]] '''Véronique Bra Kanon''' (née Aka; o belegwe ka 16 Phatwe 1959) ke mopolotiki wa kwa Ivory Coast le motlatsa-Tautona wa Kokoano Bosetšhaba ya [[Ivory Coast]]. E ne e le mosadi wa ntlha go nna Tautona wa khansele ya kgaolo ya Ivorian, a eteletse khansele ya Moronou pele go tloga ka 2013 go fitlha ka 2018. == Botshelo ka gagwe == Véronique Aka o belegwe ka 16 Phatwe 1959, kwa [[:en:M'Batto|M'Batto]], Ivory Coast; e ne e le mongwe wa bana ba le bararo ba ba neng ba thusiwa ke [[:en:Félix_Houphouët-Boigny|Félix]] le [[:en:Marie-Thérèse_Houphouët-Boigny|Marie-Thérèse Houphouët-Boigny]].[https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/485263/politique/femmes-politiques-ivoiriennes-dinfluence-veronique-aka-presidente-du-conseil-regional-du-moronou/ <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] O ne a nyala ratoropo wa pele wa Daloa le Tona ya Temothuo, Denis Bra Kanon kwa [[:en:Château_d'Augerville|Château d'Augerville]] kwa France ka 15 Moranang 2009. Kanon o ne a ema pelo mme a tlhokafala ka 10 Seetebosigo 2009. [https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200906120569.html <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] == Tiro== Ka 2004, Aka o ne a tlhoma khampani ya dikago le matlo, Sotrapim (La Société de Travaux et de Promotion Immobilière). Ka 29 Mopitlwe 2006, o ne a tlhoma Mi-Moyé, khamphane ya madi a mannye e e diretsweng go neela basadi dikadimo gore ba fenye lehuma le go ba letla go fitlhelela maikaelelo a bona. [https://www.koffi.net/koffi/actualite/48437-Microfinance-Lutte-contre-la-pauvrete-Mi-Moye-offre-100-millions-a-ses-membres.htm <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>] '''Dipolotiki''' Fa e sale ka 2006, Aka e ntse e le Tautona wa Réseau des Femmes africaines Ministres et Parlementaires de Côte d'Ivoire (REFAMPCI), e leng mokgatlho wa basadi ba e leng badiredi ba basadi ba Aforika le maloko a palamente kwa Ivory Coast. Maikaelelo a setlhopha ke go kopanya basadi le go lwantsha lehuma la basadi.[https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200612140471.html <nowiki>[ 6]</nowiki>] Ka 2013, Aka o ne a itlhagisa jaaka motho yo o ikemetseng mme a fenya ditlhopho tsa kgaolo tsa [[:en:Moronou|Moronou]] ka 46.18% ya diboutu (20,459), a fenya moemedi wa [[:en:Democratic_Party_of_Côte_d'Ivoire|PDCI]], Ahoua N'Doli. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Zg-mo3s2v4 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>] Go fenya ga gagwe go mo dirile mosadi wa ntlha go tlhophiwa go nna moporesidente wa lekgotla la kgaolo ya Ivory Coast. Aka o ne a tlhomiwa ele Tautona ka moletlo ka 29 Seetebosigo 2013. [http://news.abidjan.net/h/46437.html <nowiki>[11]</nowiki>] Ka 15 Seetebosigo 2015, PDCI-RDA e ne ya tlhopha Aka go nna moporesidente wa karolo ya kwa magaeng ya Union des femmes de PDCI (UFPDCI).[https://news.abidjan.net/articles/555273/index <nowiki>[ 12]</nowiki>] Ka 5 Moranang 2017, [[:en:Guillaume_Soro|Guillaume Soro]] o ne a thapa Aka go nna mongwe wa batlatsa tautona ba le lesome le bongwe ba National Assembly of Ivory Coast. [http://koaci.com/cote-divoire-assemblee-nationale-voici-vice-presidents-vont-suppleer-guillaume-soro-108084.html <nowiki>[13]</nowiki>] Ka 29 Lwetse 2018, Aka o ne a simolola letsholo la gagwe la go tlhophiwa gape mo ditlhophong tsa kgaolo tsa 2018 tsa Moronou. [1] O ne a lebagane le mokgethisi wa [[:en:Ivorian_Popular_Front|FPI]] [[:en:Pascal_Affi_N'Guessan|Pascal Affi N'Guessan]]. Commission Electorale Indépendante (CEI) e ne ya bolela fa Affi a fentse ditlhopho ka 13 Diphalane fa Aka a ne a ganetsa dipholo, a bolela fa a ne a tshosetsa mopresidente wa CEI, a re "go ne ga nna le bogodu". == Metswedi == [1] Duhem, Vincent (2 November 2017)[https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/485263/politique/femmes-politiques-ivoiriennes-dinfluence-veronique-aka-presidente-du-conseil-regional-du-moronou/ . "Femmes politiques ivoiriennes d'influence : Véronique Aka, présidente du conseil régional du Moronou]". Jeune Afrique (in French). Retrieved 10 February 2019. [2] Achy, Victor (18 April 2009). [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Zg-mo3s2v4 "Mariage de D. Bra Kanon et Véronique AKA"]. Youtube. Augerville-la-Rivière, France. Retrieved 4 February 2019. [3] Depry, Didier (12 June 2009). [https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200906120569.html "Cote d'Ivoire: Il était une fois Bra Kanon]". allAfrica (in French). Retrieved 4 February 2019. [4] Christophe, Brou (31 May 2008). "[https://www.koffi.net/koffi/actualite/48437-Microfinance-Lutte-contre-la-pauvrete-Mi-Moye-offre-100-millions-a-ses-membres.htm Microfinance – Lutte contre la pauvreté – Mi Moyé offre 100 millions à ses membres]". Koffi (in French). Retrieved 12 February 2019. [5] Christophe, Koffi Brou (22 March 2008). "[https://www.koffi.net/koffi/actualite/41986-a-lecoute-Le-Refampci-celebre-son-10e-anniversaire.htm À l'écoute : Le Refampci célèbre son 10e anniversaire]". Koffi (in French). Retrieved 12 February 2019. [6] Dessrait, Félix Teha (14 December 2006). "Cote d'Ivoire: [https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200612140471.html "Nous allons continuer à aider les femmes démunies""]. AllAfrica. Retrieved 12 February 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160308113635/http://www.abidjan.net/elections/regionales/2013/election/candidat.asp?id=25 <nowiki>[7] "Mme Aka Amanan Veronique – Regionales 2013".</nowiki>] Abidjan (in French). Archived from the original on 8 March 2016. Retrieved 12 February 2019. [8] Adam's Régis Souaga (23 April 2013). [http://www.lebanco.net/banconet/bco17680.htm "Le Pdci torpille le Pdci et fait perdre Ahoua N'doli]". Le Banco (in French). Moronou. Retrieved 5 February 2019. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190213123753/http://afriquefemme.com/fr/vie-pro/femmes-leaders/11694-femmes-politiques-ivoiriennes-d-influence-veronique-aka-presidente-du-conseil-regional-du-moronou <nowiki>[9] "Femmes politiques ivoiriennes d'influence: Véronique Aka, présidente du conseil régional du Moronou"</nowiki>]. Afrique Femme (in French). 3 November 2017. Retrieved 5 February 2019. [10] Cheickna, Sali D. (7 May 2013). "[http://www.lebanco.net/banconet/bco17851.htm Pdci-Rda: Élue présidente de région, Véronique Aka "remet" sa victoire à Bédié]". Le Banco (in French). Retrieved 5 March 2019 pu8by4mjp3pccssx4zs7qf2eky9dyjr 0 12607 50340 47113 2026-06-09T00:39:39Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Thembi Simelane|honorific-prefix=Motlotlegi|honorific-suffix=Mopalamente|office=Tona wa bonno|office1=Mopalamente|office2=Tona wa tshiamo le tlhabololo molaomotheo|office3=Tona wa tirisanommogo le ngwao|office4=Mothusa tona wa tirisanommogo le ngwao|office5=Mmatoropo wa [[Polokwane]]|birth_name=Thembisile Phumelele Simelane|birth_date=Tlhakole a le lesome ngwaga wa 1973|birth_place=[[Bethal]] [[Transvaal]]|spouse=Chipyane Nkadimeng|relations=Nokuthula Simelane|alma_mater=[[University of the North]] [[Stellenbosch University]]|term_start=Ngwanaitseele a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa 2024|term_start1=Seetebosigo a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 2024|term_start2=Phukwi a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa 2024|term_end2=Ngwanaitseele a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa 2024|term_start3=Mopitlwe a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa 2023|term_end3=Seetebosigo a le lesome leborobabongwe ngwaga wa 2024|term_start4=Phatwe a le lesome ngwaga wa 2021|term_end4=Mopitlwe a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 2023|term_start5=Phukwi 2014|term_end5=Phatwe 2021|president=[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]|president1=[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]|president2=[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]|president3=[[Cyril Ramaphosa]]|predecessor=[[Mmamoloko Kubayi]]|predecessor1=[[Ronald Lamola]]|predecessor2=[[Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma]]|predecessor3=[[Parks Tau]]|predecessor4=[[Freddy Greaver]]}} '''Thembisile Phumelele Simelane-Nkadimeng''' (o o bonweng ka Tlhakole a le lesome ka ngwaga wa 1973) ke mopilotiki wa kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] o o berekang e le tona wa bonno fa e sale ka Ngwanaitseele 2024. Ke leloko la [[African National Congress]] (ANC), pele e ne e le tona wa tirisanommogo mo pusong go tswa ka Mopitlwe 2023 go tsena Seetebosigo 2024, a nna tona wa tshiamo le tlhabololo molaomotheo go tswa ka Seetebosigo 2024 go tsena Ngwanaitseele 2024. E ne e le molwela ditshwanelo wa moithuti kwa [[Turfloop]], Nkadimeng o simolotse tiro ya gagwe a berekela puso a tsena mo polotiking semmuso ka Phukwi 2014 e le mmatoropo wa [[Polokwane]]. Mo dingwageng tsa bofelo e le mmatoropo, o ne gape e le tautona wa lekgotla la puso ya mo gae go tswa ka 2019 go tsena 2021. O nnile bo ntlha jwa puso ka Phatwe 2021, fa tautona [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] a mo thapa go nna mothusa tona wa tirisanommogo mo pusong le dikgang tsa ngwao. Pele ga bokopano jwa masome a matlhano le botlhano ka Ngwanaitseele 2022, Nkadimeng o ne a tlhophiwa mo setlheng sa dingwaga tse tlhano mo komiting ya pereko. Ramaphosa o ne a mo tlhatlosa maemo go nna leloko la khuduthamaga morago ga bokopano joo, o ne a tlhomiwa tona wa tshiamo le tlhabololo molaomotheo morago ga ditlhopho tsa Motsheganong 2024. O ne a tswakanngwa go nna tona wa bonno ka Ngwanaitseele 2024. == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana == Simelane o bonwe ka Tlhakole a le lesome ngwaga wa 1973 kwa [[Bethal]] kwa e neng e le kgaolo ya [[Transvaal]] Botlhaba (kwa e leng [[Mpumalanga]] gompieno).<ref name=":0">[https://www.cogta.gov.za/index.php/minister-thembi-nkadimeng/ "Minister Thembi Nkadimeng".] ''Cooperative Affairs and Governance''. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> Fa e le moithuti wa sekolo se segolwane ka dingwaga tsa bofelo tsa puso ya tlhaolele, o ne a le matlhagatlhaga mo bokopanong jwa baithuti ba Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":0" /> O tsene sekolo se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa [[University of the North]], kwa a neng a rutuntshiwa ke [[Joyce Mashamba]].<ref name=":1">[https://www.citizen.co.za/review-online/139536/a-day-in-the-life-of-the-citys-first-citizen/ "A day in the life of the city's first citizen".] ''Polokwane Observer''. 13 March 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> O alogile ka Bachelor of Arts ka 1994, diploma ya thuto e kgolwane ka 1995, le Honours ka 1997.<ref name=":0" /> Kwa Turfloop, o ne a tswelela a le matlhagatlhaga mo polotiking ya baithuti, e le leloko (morago a nna mothusa tautona) wa khansele ya kemedi ya baithuti le leloko la bokopano jwa baithuti ba Aforika Borwa (SASCO); e ne e le mokwaledi wa SASCO wa kgaolo ya Transvaal Bokone (kwa e leng [[Limpopo]] gompieno) ka 1994 go tsena 1996.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251110164831/https://publicsectorleaders.co.za/hon-nkadimeng-is-our-latest-woman-in-leadership/ "Hon. Nkadimeng is Our Latest Woman in Leadership".] ''Public Sector Leaders''. 22 May 2024. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> Ka 1997, Simelane o ne a simolola tiro ya gagwe mo tsamaisong ya morago ga puso ya tlhaolele, mo sebakeng sa dingwaga tse di lesome tse di latelang, o ne a nna mo maemong a a farologaneng mo maphateng a mane a puso, a a tlhomogileng e le a e le mookamedi wa ofisi ya ditlhaeletsanyo kwa ofising ya moeteledipele wa [[Limpopo]] go tswa ka 2002 go tsena 2006.<ref name=":0" /> Go tswa ka 2009 go tsena 2013, o ne a fudugela kwa mohameng o o ikemetseng e le mookamedi wa tsa pereko kwa [[Anglo American Platinum]].<ref name=":0" /> Morago ga go tswa kwa Anglo, o ne a nna mookamedi wa Golden Threats, kompone e e itebagantseng le dipeeletso tsa dikompone e bareki ba yone ba akaretsang Anglo,BKS, le Development Corporation.<ref name=":2">[https://www.citizen.co.za/review-online/news-headlines/2014/07/02/thembi-nkadimeng-will-take-up-mayoral-seat/ "Thembi Nkadimeng will take up mayoral seat".] ''Polokwane Observer''. 1 July 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> Fa a tsweletse a bereka, o ne a le mo maemong a a kwa godimo mo makalaneng a mo gae a [[African National Congress]] (ANC) le lekgotla la yone la bomme kwa [[Polokwane]],Limpopo.<ref name=":0" /> Fa godimo ga moo, o ne a dira Bachelor of Philosophy ya melao kwa [[Stellenbosch University]] ka 2001 a fetsa lenaneo la bookamedi jo bo tlhomogileng kwa [[Wits Business School]] ka 2009.<ref name=":0" /> == Mmatoropo wa Polokwane:2014 go tsena 2021 == Ka Phukwi a rogwa ngwaga wa 2014, e le bontlha jwa tswakanyo ya bo mmasepala ba [[Limpopo]], ANC e ne ya itsise fa e tlaa tlhopha Nkadimeng e le mmatoropo wa mmasepala wa [[Polokwane]] morago ga go ithola marapo ga ga [[Freddy Greaver]].<ref name=":2" /> O ne a tlhophiwa gape go nna mmatoropo morago ga ditlhopho tsa mo gae tsa 2016, a fenya Frank Haas wa [[Democratic Alliance]].<ref>[https://www.citizen.co.za/review-online/news-headlines/2016/08/25/thembi-nkadimeng-re-elected-as-polokwane-executive-mayor/ "Thembi Nkadimeng re-elected as Polokwane Executive Mayor".] ''Polokwane Observer''. 25 August 2016. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> Pampiri ya dikgang ya ''Sowetan'' e ne ya re o dirisana mmogo le ratoropo wa Limpopo [[Stan Mathabatha]].<ref name=":3">[https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/2014-10-25-anti-zumas-hitting-back-limpopo-cartel-wins-poll/ "Anti-zumas hitting back – Limpopo cartel wins poll".] ''Sowetan''. 25 October 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> Setlha sa ga Nkadimeng e le mmatoropo se ne se lebanwe ke mathata a sepolotiki. O emetse ditlhopho gabedi e le ntlhopheng wa modulasetilo wa kgaolo ya [[Peter Mokaba]] wa ANC, mme a latlhegelwa kgatlhanong l[[e Motalane Monakedi]] ka Phalane 2014 le [[John Mpe]] ka Phukwi 2018.<ref name=":3" /><ref>[https://www.citizen.co.za/review-online/news-headlines/2014/10/22/monakedi-victorious/ "Monakedi victorious".] ''Polokwane Observer''. 22 October 2014. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://www.citizen.co.za/review-online/news-headlines/2018/07/12/demands-for-expectations-about-city-mayor-getting-chop/ "Demands for, expectations about city mayor getting chop".] ''Polokwane Observer''. 12 July 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> Mo ditlhophong tsa 2018, o ne a tshosediwa ka letsholo la gagwe,<ref>[https://www.sowetan.co.za/sundayworld/news/2017-10-02-anc-mayor-flees-post-after-death-threats2/ "ANC mayor flees post after death threats".] ''Sowetan''. 2 October 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> go latlhegelwa ga gagwe go ne ga baka kopo ya semmuso ya ga Mpe gore Nkadimeng a ntshiwe mo ofising ya mmatoropo.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/limpopo-mayors-face-the-axe-20181014 "Limpopo mayors face the axe".] ''City Press''. 14 October 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> Phathi ya kganetso ya [[Economic Freedom Fighters]] le yone e ne ya re a ntshiwe ka 2021 morago ga mosekisi mogolo a sena go ntsha pego ya tshekatsheko ya mmasepala wa Polokwane.<ref>[https://www.capricornfm.co.za/calls-for-polokwane-mayors-removal-deemed-baseless/ "Calls for Polokwane Mayor's removal deemed 'baseless'"]. ''Capricorn FM''. 8 July 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> Ka Seetebosigo 2019, Nkadimeng o ne a tlhophiwa go tlhatlhama [[Parks Tau]] e le tautona wa lekgotla la [[Local Government Association]] (SALGA); pele e ne e le modulasetilo wa lekgotla leo kwa Limpopo.<ref>[https://www.sowetan.co.za/sundayworld/news/2019-06-17-thembi-nkadimeng-new-president-of-salga/ "Thembi Nkadimeng new president of Salga".] ''Sowetan''. 17 June 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> == Puso ya lefatshe == === Tirisanommogo le puso: 2021 go tsena 2024 === Ka Phatwe a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa 2021, tautona [[Cyril Ramaphosa]] o ne a itsise fa a thapile Nkadimeng go nna mothusa tona wa tirisanommogo le tsa ngwao.<ref>[https://www.sanews.gov.za/features-south-africa/meet-new-cabinet "Meet the new Cabinet".] ''South African Government News Agency''. 6 August 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://www.news24.com/southafrica/news/cabinet-reshuffle-thembisile-simelane-nkadimeng-the-best-limpopo-has-produced-20210807 "Cabinet reshuffle: Thembisile Simelane-Nkadimeng 'the best Limpopo has produced'".] ''News24''. 7 August 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> A tlhomamisitswe ka Phatwe a le lesome,<ref>[https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/thandi-modise-thembi-nkadimeng-to-be-sworn-in/ "Thandi Modise, Thembi Nkadimeng to be sworn-in".] ''SABC News''. 10 August 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> o ne a ithola marapo e le mmatoropo wa Polokwane le tautona wa SALGA.<ref>[https://iol.co.za/pretoria-news/news/2021-08-11-polokwane-mayor-thembi-nkadimeng-departs-for-a-higher-post/ "Polokwane mayor Thembi Nkadimeng departs for a higher post".] ''Pretoria News''. 11 August 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> [[John Mpe]] o ne a mo tlhatlhama go nna rratoropo.<ref>[https://iol.co.za/pretoria-news/news/2021-09-03-john-mpe-sworn-in-as-polokwane-mayor/ "John Mpe sworn in as Polokwane mayor".] ''Pretoria News''. 3 September 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> Ngwaga o o latelang, ka Ngwanaitseele 2022,bokopanog jwa ANC jwa masome a matlhano le botlhano bo ne jwa tlhopha Nkadimeng mo setlheng sa dingwaga tse tlhano mo komiti kgolo ya phathi. O ne a amogetse ditlhopho di le sekete, makgolo a marataro, masome a robabobedi le bonngwe mo ditalameng di le dikete di le nne, le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe, se se mo dira ntlhopheng wa lesome le botlhano mo komiting ya maloko a le masome a robabobedi.<ref>[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/anc-nec-election-results-2022 "ANC NEC election results".] ''Politicsweb''. 21 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> O ne a tlhophilwe gape go nna leloko la komiti ya pereko,<ref>[https://mg.co.za/politics/2023-01-29-ramaphosa-consolidates-control-over-anc-with-clean-sweep-in-national-working-committee-2/ "Ramaphosa consolidates control over ANC with clean sweep in national working committee".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 29 January 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> a thapilwe e le modulasetilo wa komiti potlana ya peo molao le puso, <ref>[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/members-of-deployment-committee-and-other-committe "Members of deployment committee and other committees appointed – ANC NEC".] ''PoliticsWeb''. 26 February 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref>gape a le mo setlhopheng sa komiti kgolo se se neng se filwe maikarabelo a go loga maano a puso e e kopaneng.<ref>Mahlati, Zintle (23 February 2023). [https://www.news24.com/politics/anc-tasks-makhura-nkadimeng-mokonyane-with-solving-partys-coalition-conundrum-20230223 "ANC tasks Makhura, Nkadimeng, Mokonyane with solving party's coalition conundrum".] ''News24''. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> Morago ga bokopano jwa masome a matlhano le botlhano, Nkadimeng o ne a tlhatlhama [[Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma]] e le tona wa tirisanommogo le ngwao mo tswakanyong ya matona ka Mopitlwe a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 2023. <ref>Tandwa, Lizeka (6 March 2023). [https://mg.co.za/politics/2023-03-06-ramaphosa-names-his-electricity-minister-paul-mashatile-becomes-new-deputy-president/ "Ramaphosa names his electricity minister, Paul Mashatile becomes new deputy president".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref>Mongwe wa matona a mabedi a a neng a thapilwe mo khuduthamageng go tswa kwa ntle ga palamente, go bolelwa fa a ne a itlhophetswe ke Ramaphosa.<ref>Tandwa, Lizeka (6 March 2023). [https://mg.co.za/politics/2023-03-06-who-patel-and-godogwana-could-make-way-for-as-cabinet-reshuffle-speculation-continues/ "Who Patel and Godogwana could make way for, as cabinet reshuffle speculation continues".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> Parks Tau le [[Zolile Burns-Ncamashe]] ba ne ba thapiwa e le bathusi ba gagwe.<ref>[https://www.gov.za/news/speeches/president-cyril-ramaphosa-new-members-national-executive-06-mar-2023 "President Cyril Ramaphosa: New members of National Executive".] ''South African Government''. 6 March 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> Fa a sena go thapiwa,Nkadimeng o ne a re nngwe ya maikaelelo magolo a gagwe e le tona ke go netefatsa go itshetlela ga bo mmasepala,bogolo jang tse di busiwang ke bokopano.<ref>Hunter, Qaanitah (9 March 2023). [https://www.news24.com/politics/first-priority-for-new-cogta-minister-bring-stability-to-sas-chaotic-coalition-led-municipalities-20230309 "First priority for new Cogta minister: Bring stability to SA's chaotic coalition-led municipalities".] ''News24''. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> Go tsamaisana le se, o ne a kwadisa molao wa makhanselara. Adriaan Basson wa News24 o ne a mo akgolela maitsholo a gagwe a bogolo le tsepamo a dipuso tse di kopaneng. O ne a simolodisa molao wa kemo nokeng, kelotlhoko le go tsaya karolo wa 2023, o o neng o akaretsa ditsela tsa go tsaya karolo mo go bo mmasepala ba ba sa tsamaisiweng sentle ga puso, le melawana ya go dira metheo ya ditlhabololo tsa dikgaolo. Lephata la gagwe le ne la okamela seemo sa dipharagobe mo dikgaolong tse di farologaneng morago ga ditiragalo tsa seemo sa bosa se se sa iketlang, Nkadimeng o ne a filwe marapo a go buisana le lekgotla la babereki ba mmasepala ka mogwanto le ngalo ditiro kwa [[Matjhabeng]].<ref>Ngubeni, Nonkululeko (7 March 2024). [https://vistanews.co.za/will-talks-end-strike-20240307-3/ "Will talks end strike?".] ''News24''. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> === Tshiamo le bonno: 2024 - go tsena gompieno === Ka dilthopho tsa Motsheganong 2024, Nkadimeng o ne a tlhophiwa go ya palamenteng ya Aforika Brwa. Ka Seetebosigo a le masome mararo, tautona Ramaphosa o ne a itsise fa a mo tlhophilwe mo khuduthamageng ya gagwe ya boraro e le tona wa tshiamo le tlhabololo molaomotheo , Andries Nel e le mothusi wa gagwe. Ba ne ba tlhomamisiwa e le tona le mothusa tona ka Phukwi a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa 2024. Se se ne sa sala morago go tlhamiwa ga GNU ka kopano, morago ga gore ANC e latlhegelwe ke bontsi ka ditlhopho. Lephata leo pele le ne le okametse lephata la dipaakanyo, le le tlhamilweng e le lephata le le ikemetseng mo GNU go akaretsa maloko a diphathi tse dikopaneng e le matona. Simelane o ne a tswakanngwa go nna tona wa bonno ka Ngwanaitseele 2024.<ref>O'Regan, Victoria (3 December 2024). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2024-12-03-ramaphosa-removes-simelane-as-justice-minister-but-keeps-her-in-the-cabinet/ "Ramaphosa axes Simelane as justice minister — but keeps her in the Cabinet".] Daily Maverick.</ref> == Tsa semolao == Ka ngwaga wa 2016, Simelane e le mmatoropo wa Polokwane o ne a amogela madi a kadimo a dikete di le makgolo a matlhano, masome a supa le botlhano go tswa kwa mmaakanyi wa VBS wa lebentlele la kofi; madi ao ke one fela a a adimisitsweng ka 2016. Ka ngwaga wa 2024, mapodisi a ne a tlhasela diofisi tsa mmasepala wa Polokwane go batla bosupi jwa tshenyetso setshaba jo bo tsamaelanang le peeletso ya didkadike di le makgolo a mararo, masome a mane le borobabongwe le banka ya VBS Mutual ka 2016 le 2017. Madi a go ne go belaelwa a amana le go utswa madi kwa mmasepaleng oo fa o berekisana le banka ya VBS . Ka Phalane a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa 2024, Simelane o ne a re o boleletse tautona Ramaphosa ka madi ao pele ga a mo thapa mo khuduthamageng ya gagwe. Ka Moranang a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa 2025, DA e ne ya sekisetsa Simelane go tsietsa Eskom ka madi a dikete di le makgolo a supa. == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Nkadimeng o ne a nyetswe ke mopolotiki Chipyane Clifton Nkadimeng go fitlhelela ka 2019, fa ba tlhalana. Pampiri ya The Sunday World e ne ya bega gore o ne a beeleditswe ke Matome Ralebipi, modulasetilo wa lekgotla la Limpopo Roads ka Tlhakole 2024.O na le bana ba le bane, gape o godisitse ngwana wa ga kgaitsadie.<ref name=":1" /> Mogoloe, Nokuthula Simelane, e ne e le molweladitshwanelo o o kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele le mmereki wa Umkhonto we Sizwe, o a neng a nyelela ka nako ya Nkadimeng e santse e le ngwana ka 1983 a le dingwaga di le masome mabedi le boraro. Go ne ga upololwa ka komiti ya boammaruri gore Simelane o ne a tshwerwe kwa Johannesburg a isiwa kwa Vlakplaas, kwa a neng a bogisiwa mo go tseneletseng ke maloko a lekalana la tshireletso. Ba thusiwa ke lekgotla la ditshwanelo tsa setho, Nkadimeng le ba lelapa la gagwe ba ne ba bolotsa letsholo mo boemong jwa ga Simelane le batswa setlhabelo ba bangwe ba melato ya puso ya tlhaolele, ba batla tshekiso le dikarabo. Nkadimeng o inotswe are tsheko ya ga mogoloe e supa go itlhokomolosa dikgakololo tsa TRC ke puso ya Aforika Borwa .<ref>Dube, Mpho (20 June 2019). [https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-06-20-family-wants-truth-after-36-years/ "Family wants truth after 36 years".] ''Sowetan''. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2016, Lekgotla la boatlhodi le ne la itsise fa le tlaa sekisetsa banna ba le bane molato wa go tsaya Simelane ka dikgoka, lelapa la gagwe lo ne la kwala tumelo ya gore o tlhokafetse ka 2018.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2018-12-07-00-family-lose-hope-mk-fighter-is-alive/ "Family loses hope MK fighter is alive".] ''The Mail & Guardian''. 7 December 2018. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> Tsheko ya polao e ne e tsweletse ka 2024.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/citypress/politics/justice-on-the-horizon-for-nokuthula-simelane-20240410 "Justice still far for anti-apartheid activist Nokuthula Simelane".] ''City Press''. 10 April 2024. Retrieved 15 December 2025</ref> == Metswedi == f8dqofedb5erslhyc05jonbugosq0n1 0 12657 50351 47310 2026-06-09T06:47:05Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50351 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Coleen Vogel''' ke moithuta-tlelaemete wa Aforika Borwa yo o amegang mo tirong ya boditšhabatšhaba ka ga {{Infobox person|name=Coleen Vogel|occupation=Climatologist|employer=[[University of the Witwatersrand]]|known for=[[Burtoni Award]]}} phetogo ya tlelaemete. Ke Moporofesara yo o Tlotlegang kwa Yunibesithing ya Witwatersrand. Ka 2009 e ne e le mofenyi wa boraro wa Sekgele sa Burtoni ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe. == Botshelo == Vogel o ne a katisiwa go nna moithuta-tlelaemete. O ne a direla Yunibesithi ya Witwatersrand kwa Johannesburg kwa a neng a nna Moporofesara yo o Tlotlegang gone mo Setheong sa bone sa Phetogo ya Lefatshe Lotlhe.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20250126194328/https://www.wiomsa.org/personnel/coleen-vogel/ "Prof. Coleen Vogel".] ''WIOMSA''. Retrieved 2022-12-15.</ref> E ne e le mokwadi yo o eteletseng pele wa Phanele ya Dipuso ka ga Phetogo ya Tlelaemete Pegelo ya tshekatsheko ya bo 4 ya Setlhopha sa Tiro sa Kgaolo 2 ka ga Aforika, mme e ne e le modulasetulo wa Komiti ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Saense ya Lenaneo la Boditšhabatšhaba la Ditekanyo tsa Batho ka ga Phetogo ya Tlelaemete.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120527042510/http://www.nccarf.edu.au/conference2010/archives/1065 South African researcher takes top climate change award Archived] May 27, 2012, at the Wayback Machine National Climate Change Adaptation Research Facility, 30 June 2010</ref> Ka 2009 e ne e le motho wa boraro yo o neng a tlhophiwa go amogela Awate ya Burtoni.<ref>[https://www.sei.org/featured/richard-klein-recognized-for-outstanding-contributions-to-adaptation-science/ "Richard Klein recognized for 'outstanding contributions' to adaptation science"]. ''SEI''. Retrieved 2022-12-15.</ref> Ka 2022 o phasaladitse tlhagiso le Francois Engelbrecht, Alize le Roux le Aimee-Noel Mbiyozo go bolela gore Aforika Borwa e tlhoka go ipaakanyetsa phetogo ya tlelaemete botoka. Seno se latela merwalela ya KwaZulu-Natal e e bolaileng bonnye batho ba le 435, ba bangwe ba le 40 000 ba ne ba se na magae mme matlo a le 4 000 a sentswe. Ba ne ba dumela gore merwalela ya bogolo jo e kile ya diragala pele mme pharologano jaanong e ne e le gore merwalela e ne e diragala kgapetsakgapetsa ka ntlha ya phetogo ya tlelaemete. O ne a kile a nganga morago ga lekhubu la mogote la 2021 gore go nne le dipaakanyo tse di botoka a lemogile tlhokego ya go nna le puisano e e siameng le bokone jwa lefatshe le gore Aforika le diyunibesiti tsa yone di tlhoka go nna le seabe thata.<ref>[https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20210823143951165 "Climate change: Universities should lead research effort".] ''University World News''. Retrieved 2022-12-15.</ref> Vogel ke moitseanape yo o amogelwang mo Taolong ya Masetlapelo ya Aforikaborwa yo o amegang mo go tlhameng ditshitshinyo tse ditala le dipampiri tse ditshweu le mo go thuseng ka Molao wa Taolo ya Masetlapelo.[6] Ka 2022 e ne e le moeteledipele wa Toropo ya Johannesburg wa go Tlwaelana le Phetogo ya tlelaemete.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == h0cuju3oymu1yqqz1p9r6y2vs06fjcb 0 13094 50373 50060 2026-06-09T10:10:25Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50373 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Helena Moreno.jpg|thumb]] '''Helena Moreno''' o itsege gape jaaka Helena Morena, ke motshameki wa difilimi mo [[Angola]] yo o tlhageletseng mo metseletseleng e le mmalwa ya [[Telenovela|telenovela]] ya Angola. O ne a bereka ele morutabana wa puo ya Sepotokisi. == Tiro ya gagwe == Helena Moreno o belegwe ka 28 Tlhakole 1989 kwa [[Luanda]], [[Angola]]. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20171108210132/http://platinaline.com/helena-moreno-uma-talentosa-actriz/ "Helena Moreno Uma Talentosa Actriz"] (in Portuguese). PlatinaLine. 4 April 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2017</ref>Lelapa la gaabo le ne le humanegile, mme legae la gagwe la bongwana e ne e le mokhukhu o o se nang difensetere mo toropong ya magae a mannye. Le fa go ntse jalo, o boletse gore bongwana jwa gagwe bo ne bo itumetse.<ref>""[https://web.archive.org/web/20171108211727/https://angorussia.com/entretenimento/famosos-celebridades/houve-uma-vez-que-eu-mijei-porque-nao-conseguia-pedir-ao-professor-para-ir-casa-de-banho-helena-moreno/ Houve uma vez que eu mijei-me, porque não conseguia pedir ao professor para ir a casa de banho]" – Helena Moreno" (in Portuguese). AngoRussia. 7 April 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2017</ref> O ne a tlhagelela la ntlha mo thelebišeneng ka 2002, fa a ne a na le seabe mo telenoveleng ya Angola ya Revira Volta. O ne a tlhagelela gape mo telenoveleng, mme mo lekgetlong leno a le mo maemong a a tsweletseng jaaka Weza Henriques Pereira mo Sweet Pitanga. Seno se ne sa dira gore a simolole go bereka mo radiong e le motshwaraditshwantshô mo thulaganyong e e bidiwang Bombástico. Go ne ga latela tiro e nngwe gape ya mofuta, fa ka 2012 a ne a tshameka jaaka Marisa Lemos mo Windeck.[https://web.archive.org/web/20171108211727/https://angorussia.com/entretenimento/famosos-celebridades/houve-uma-vez-que-eu-mijei-porque-nao-conseguia-pedir-ao-professor-para-ir-casa-de-banho-helena-moreno/ ^{[1<nowiki>]</nowiki>}] O ne a tlotliwa ka nako ya go keteka basadi ba Angola ka 2014, mmogo le Maria do Rosário Amadeu le Nadir Taty ka go dira go tokafatsa setso sa Angola mo botaking.<ref>"[http://www.angop.ao/angola/pt_pt/noticias/sociedade/2014/2/13/Huambo-Gala-beneficencia-distingue-mulheres-mais-destacadas-sociedade,786c94d0-39d1-490e-96c7-6882ae120e08.html Huambo: Gala de beneficência distingue mulheres mais destacadas da sociedade]". ANGOP (in Portuguese). 31 March 2014. Retrieved 8 November 2017.</ref> Kwa ntle ga boitlosobodutu, Moreno o ne gape a dira jaaka morutabana wa Sepotokisi kwa sekolong sa Amerika kwa maemong a poraemari le a sekontari. == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Moreno o ne a itsise ka 2016 gore o itsholofetse le lekau la gagwe Milton Miguel,<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20171108210808/http://platinaline.com/actriz-angolana-helena-moreno-esta-gravida-do-seu-primeiro-filho-com-milton-miguel/ Actriz angolana Helena Moreno está grávida do seu primeiro filho com Milton Miguel]" (in Portuguese). PlatinaLine. 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2017</ref> mme kwa moletlong wa go belega ngwana ka Phatwe, o ne a itsise gore o emetse mosimane. O ne a bolela gore leina la ngwana, Helton, e ne e le kopanyo ya Helena le Milton.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20171108210808/http://platinaline.com/actriz-angolana-helena-moreno-esta-gravida-do-seu-primeiro-filho-com-milton-miguel/ Actriz Helena Moreno realiza chá de bebé do primeiro filho]" (in Portuguese). PlatinaLine. 3 August 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2017</ref> == Metswedi == [[Category:Batho ba ba tshelang]] gujn6a4acttjnpmselbxm8bg2zbzxxn 0 13099 50376 49357 2026-06-09T10:25:25Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50376 wikitext text/x-wiki Go tswa mo Wikipedia, bukakgakololo e e gololesegileng. '''Hilton Pelser''' ke modiragatsi wa mo Aforika Borwa. O itsege ka dikarolo tsa gagwe mo letotong la [[Starz]] la ''[[Dangerous Liaisons]]'' (2022) le mo motseletseleng wa ''Kissing Booth'', mmogo le difilimi tsa ''[[Moffie]]'' (2019) le ''[[Glasshouse]]'' (2021). == Botshelo jwa Pele le Thuto == Hilton Pelser o tshotswe mme a godisediwa kwa [[Cape Town]].<ref name=":0">Painter, Danny (19 March 2020). [https://www.jacarandafm.com/shows/moremusicyoulove-love-too/hilton-pelser-joins-danny-talk-moffie/ "Hilton Pelser joins Danny to talk 'Moffie'!"]. ''Jacaranda FM''. Retrieved 5 October 2021.</ref> O ne a tsena sekolo sa [[Bishops Diocesan College]]. O ne a nna le kgatlhego ya botshameki a sa le monnye ka ntlha ya kgaitsadie yo mogolo, yo e neng e le porofesa wa terama kwa [[AFDA]].<ref name=":0" /> == Tiro == Pelser o dirile tlhagelelo ya gagwe ya ntlha jaaka Barry mo filiming ya basha ya [[Netflix]] ya 2018 ya ''[[The Kissing Booth]]'', e e neng e direlwa kwa Cape Town. O ne a tla boela a tshameka karolo eo gape mo ditswelotsong tsa filimi eo tsa 2020 le 2021.[^{[[go tlhoka metswedi]]}] Morago o ne a tshameka Sergeant Brand mo kgatisong ya filimi ya ga [[Oliver Hermanus]] ya pego ya botshelo jwa ga [[André Carl van der Merwe]] ya ''[[Moffie]]'', e e neng ya tlhagelela la ntlha kwa [[76th Venice Film Festival]].<ref>Hay, Carla (17 April 2021)[https://culturemixonline.com/review-moffie-starring-kai-luke-brummer-ryan-de-villiers-matthew-vey-stefan-vermaak-and-hilton-pelser/ . "Review: 'Moffie,' starring Kai Luke Brummer, Ryan de Villiers, Matthew Vey, Stefan Vermaak, and Hilton Pelser"]. ''Culture Mix Online''. Retrieved 19 August 2021.</ref> Pelser o ne a tlhagelela mo difiliming tsa thelebishene tse di latelanang tsa ''Home Affairs: A Christmas Tale'' le ''Home Affairs: A Love Story'' ka 2020 le 2021 ka go latelana.<ref>[https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-12-22-unashamedly-festive/ "Unashamedly festive"]. ''Daily Maverick''. 22 December 2020. Retrieved 22 October 2021.</ref><ref>Engelbrecht, Leandra (12 February 2021). [https://www.news24.com/channel/movies/news/4-new-local-movies-to-watch-this-month-20210212 "4 new local movies to watch this month"]. ''News24''. Retrieved 27 December 2022.</ref> Morago ga moo ga latela karolo mo filiming ya ga [[Kelsey Egan]] e e tlhophilweng ke [[SAFTA]] ya morago ga tshenyo ya lefatshe ya ''[[Glasshouse]]'' (2022).<ref>Derckson, Daniel (9 February 2022). [https://web.archive.org/web/20220915020156/https://writingstudio.co.za/glasshouse-a-dystopian-fairytale-challenging-female-driven-stories/ "Glasshouse – A Dystopian Fairytale Challenging Female-Driven Stories"]. ''The Writing Studio''. Retrieved 14 September 2022.</ref> Pelser o ne a tsena mo setlhopheng sa batshameki ba bagolo ba kgatiso ya [[Starz]] ya ''[[Dangerous Liaisons]]'' jaaka Gabriel Carrè, e e simolotseng go gasiwa ka 2022.<ref>Petski, Denise (16 June 2021). [https://deadline.com/2021/06/dangerous-liaisons-lesley-manville-carice-van-houten-paloma-faith-michael-mcelhatton-kosar-ali-cast-starz-prequel-series-1234776226/ "'Dangerous Liaisons': Lesley Manville, Carice Van Houten, Paloma Faith, Michael McElhatton, Kosar Ali, 9 More Cast In Starz Prequel Series"]. ''Deadline Hollywood''. Retrieved 26 June 2021.</ref><ref>Paixão, Ana Claudia (14 November 2022). [https://miscelana.com/2022/11/14/the-unexpected-in-dangerous-liaisons/ "The Unexpected in Dangerous Liaisons"]. ''Miscelana''. Retrieved 27 December 2022.</ref> O tshameka lepodisi Benny Griessel mo filiming ya bokebekwa ya Borithane le Aforika Borwa ya ''[[Devil's Peak]]'', e e tsosolositsweng go tswa mo bukaneng ya ga [[Deon Meyer]],<ref>Goldbart, Max (8 September 2022). [https://deadline.com/2022/09/gentleman-jack-lookout-point-devils-peak-deon-meyer-1235111000/ "'Gentleman Jack' Producer Lookout Point behind South African adaptation of 'Devil's Peak' with Expanded Media"]. ''Deadline''. Retrieved 12 September 2022.</ref><ref>[https://www.netwerk24.com/netwerk24/kunste/tv/hilton-pelser-speel-benny-griessel-meyer-se-bobaasspeurder-20220911 "Hilton Pelser speel Benny Griessel, Meyer se bobaasspeurder"]. ''Netwerk24'' (in Afrikaans). 11 September 2022. Retrieved 21 September 2022.</ref> e e gasitsweng ka 2023. Difilimi tse a di Tshamekileng {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ngwaga !Setlhogo !Karolo e e tshamekilweng !Dintlha |- |2018 |[[The Kissing Booth]] |Barry |Filimi ya [[Netflix]] |- |2019 |[[Moffie]] |Sergeant Brand | |- |2020 |''[[The Kissing Booth 2]]'' |Barry |Filimi ya Netflix |- | |''Home Affairs: A Christmas Tale'' |Justin |Filimi ya Thelebishene |- |2021 |''Home Affairs: A Love Story'' |Pieter Williams |Filimi ya Thelebishene |- | |''[[The Kissing Booth 3]]'' |Barry |Filimi ya Netflix |- | |[[Glasshouse]] |Moeng | |- |2022 |''[[Dangerous Liaisons]]'' |Gabriel Carrè |Karolo ya Konokono |- |2023 |''[[Devil's Peak]]'' |Benny Griessel |Letoto lwa Thelebishene |} == Metswedi == 84vxjr5z10xd755c8lm2az66va8qptn 0 13306 50348 50171 2026-06-09T02:37:43Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50348 wikitext text/x-wiki '''The Yopougon Stormwater Drain''' ke porojeke ya go gelela metsi a pula e e fitlhelwang kwa komoneng ya Yopougon, kwa lefatsheng la Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.<ref name=":0">[https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/,%20https://abidjantv.net/societe/yopougon-une-delegation-de-la-banque-mondiale-visite-le-chantier-canaux-de-drainage-des-eaux-pluviales-du-paru/ "Yopougon : Une délégation de la Banque mondiale visite le chantier canaux de drainage des eaux pluviales du PARU | AbidjanTV.net | AbidjanTV.net"]. 2024-12-10. Retrieved 2026-05-31</ref> Tiro ya kgelelo ya metsi e dirwa ka fa tlase ga Projet d ⁇ Assainissement et de Résilience Urbaine (PARU), lenaneo la taolo ya merwalela le go itshokelana ga ditoropo le le tshegediwang ke Puso ya Côte d'Ivoire le Banka ya Lefatshe.<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20260305204725/https://news.abidjan.net/articles/737509/la-banque-mondiale-salue-les-progres-des-travaux-de-drainage-a-yopougon "La Banque mondiale salue les progrès des travaux de drainage à Yopougon - Abidjan.net News" (in French)]. Archived from the original on 2026-03-05. Retrieved 2026-05-31</ref> == Se se diragetseng == Yopougon e itemogetse mathata a merwalela a a amang baagi ba selegae le mafaratlhatlha a ditoropo.<ref name=":1" /> Go ya ka motsamaisi wa World Bank wa mafaratlhatlha Franz Drees-Gross, mathata a magolo a merwalela mo komoneng a ne a rotloetsa go agiwa ga mafaratlhatlha a mantšhwa a kgelelo ya metsi.<ref name=":2">[https://www.aip.ci/134447/cote-divoire-aip-la-banque-mondiale-salue-les-progres-des-travaux-de-drainage-a-yopougon/ "Côte d'Ivoire-AIP/ La Banque mondiale salue les progrès des travaux de drainage à Yopougon – AIP – Agence Ivoirienne de Presse"] (in French). 2026-05-26. Retrieved 2026-05-31</ref> == Dikago == Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa 2024, badiredi ba World Bank ba ne ba etela lefelo la go aga metsi kwa Yopougon.<ref name=":0" /> Ka nako ya ketelo, Franz Drees-Gross o ne a bolela gore porojeke e ne e akaretsa mosele wa kgelelo ya metsi o o neng o le boleele jwa dikilometara di le nne.<ref name=":1" /> Batlhankedi ba porojeke ba supile gore batho ba ba ka nnang 230 000 ba ka solegelwa molemo ke mafaratlhatlha a a tokafaditsweng a kgelelo ya metsi le dikgato tsa tshireletso kgatlhanong le merwalela.<ref name=":2" /> == Metswedi == <references /> mgcg5ybi222hmoqbqsgxpt2c4iuwycj 0 13313 50369 50180 2026-06-09T10:03:00Z VNGao 10152 VNGao moved page [[Limpopo River]] to [[Noka ya Limpopo]]: Sethogo a se a kwalwa sentle 50180 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Limpopo.jpg|thumb|Limpopo River ko Mozambique]] Noka ya Limpopo (/lɪmˈpoʊpoʊ/) e tlhoga mo Afrika Borwa<ref name=":0">[https://www.britannica.com/place/Limpopo-River "Limpopo River"], ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica|Encyclopædia Britannica]]'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20180430053526/https://www.britannica.com/place/Limpopo-River archived] from the original on 30 April 2018, retrieved 29 April 2018</ref> mme e elela kwa botlhaba go ralala [[Mozambique]] go ya kwa Lewatleng la India. Noka e boleele jwa dikilometara di ka nna 1,750 (1,090 mi), e na le metsi a dikilometara di le 415,000 (160,000 mi2) ka botona. Palogare ya metsi a a tshologang mo ngwageng ke 170 m3/s (6,000 cu ft/s) go ya go 313 m3/s (11,100 cu ft/s) kwa molomong wa yone.<ref>; online at Google Books</ref> <ref name=":0" /> Noka ya Limpopo ke noka ya bobedi e tona mo Afrika e e elelang kwa Lewatleng la India, morago ga Noka ya Zambezi.<ref>Zhu, Tingju; Ringler, Claudia. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232271837 "Climate change impact on water availability and use in the Limpopo river basin".] ''Researchgate.net''. Retrieved 20 September 2021.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Limpopo River basin map.svg|thumb|Tsela le kgaolo ya metsi ya Noka ya Limpopo]] Motho wa ntlha wa kwa Yuropa yo o neng a bona noka eno e ne e le Vasco da Gama, yo o neng a emisa mo molomong wa yone ka ngwaga wa 1498 mme a e bitsa Rio do Espírito Santo (ka Sekgowa, "Noka ya Moya o o Boitshepo"). 'Noka ya Moya o o Boitshepo'). Tsela ya yone e e kwa tlase e ne ya tlhatlhobiwa ke St Vincent Whitshed Erskine ka ngwaga wa 1868 ⁇ 69, mme Kapotene J F Elton o ne a tsamaya mo tseleng ya yone e e fa gare ka ngwaga wa 1870. Noka ena e bitswa Vhembe ke baahi ba Venda ba tikolohong eo moo hona jwale lebitso leo le amohetsweng ke mmuso wa Afrika Borwa e le Masepala wa Setereke ka leboya.<ref name=":0" /> Lefelo la kgelelo ya metsi la Limpopo le fokotsegile mo nakong ya thutafatshe. Go fitlha kwa bofelong jwa Pliocene kgotsa Pleistocene, noka e e kwa godimo ya Zambezi e ne e elela mo nokeng ya Limpopo.<ref>[[:en:Andrew_Goudie_(geographer)|Goudie, A.S.]] (2005). "The drainage of Africa since the Cretaceous". ''[[:en:Geomorphology_(journal)|Geomorphology]]''. '''67''' (3–4): 437–456. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Geomo..67..437G 2005Geomo..67..437G]. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.11.008|10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.11.008]].</ref> Phetogo ya kgaogano ya kgogolego ke ka ntlha ya motsamao wa epeirogenic o o tsholeditseng bogodimo jwa bokone jwa Noka ya Limpopo ya gompieno, go faposa metsi go ya Noka ya Zambezi.<ref>Moore, A.E. (1999). "A reapprisal of epeirogenic flexure axes in southern Africa". ''[[:en:South_African_Journal_of_Geology|South African Journal of Geology]]''. '''102''' (4): 363–376.</ref> == Tsela == Noka eno e elela ka tsela e e itsoketsang thata, e simolola pele e ya kwa bokone e bo e ya kwa bokonebotlhaba, go tswa foo e bo e ya kwa botlhaba mme kwa bofelong e ya kwa borwabotlhaba. E dira jaaka molelwane wa dikilometara di le 640 (398 mi), e kgaoganya Afrika Borwa go ya kwa borwabotlhaba go tswa Botswana go ya kwa bokone-bophirima le Zimbabwe go ya kwa bokone. Fa Noka ya Marico e kopana le Noka ya Crocodile, leina le nna Noka ya Limpopo. Go na le makhubu a le mmalwa fa noka eno e ntse e elela go tswa mo karolong e e kwa teng ya Afrika Borwa. Noka ya Notwane ke e nngwe ya dinoka tse ditona tsa Limpopo, e e tlhatlogang kwa ntlheng ya Sekaka sa Kalahari kwa Botswana mme e elela kwa ntlheng ya bokone-botlhaba. <ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm "Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin"]. ''www.fao.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180830192830/http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Archived] from the original on 30 August 2018. Retrieved 17 September 2021.</ref>Noka e tona ya Limpopo, Noka ya Olifants (Noka ya Tlou), e thusa ka metsi a ka nna dimilione di le 1,233 m3 ka ngwaga.<ref>Görgens, A.H.M. and Boroto, R.A. 1997. Limpopo River: flow balance anomalies, surprises and implications for integrated water resources management. In: Proceedings of the 8th South African National Hydrology Symposium, Pretoria, South Africa.</ref> Dinoka tse dingwe tse di ditona tse di tsenang mo nokeng ke Noka ya Shashe, Noka ya Mzingwane, Noka ya Crocodile, Noka ya Mwenezi le [[Noka ya Luvuvhu.]] <ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm "Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin"]. ''www.fao.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180830192830/http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Archived] from the original on 30 August 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2018.</ref> Kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa Afrika Borwa, noka eno e mo molelwaneng wa Kruger National Park. Toropo ya boemakepe ya Xai-Xai, kwa Mozambique, e mo nokeng eno gaufi le molomo wa yone. Fa tlase ga Olifants, noka eno e kgona go ya kwa lewatleng, le fa gone dikepe tse dikgolo di sa kgone go tsena mo go yone fa e se ka nako ya fa metsi a le mantsi. == Dithuso == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Left hand !Right hand |- | * Notwane River * Bonwapitse River * Mahalapswe River * Lotsane River * Motloutse River * Shashe River * Umzingwani River * Bubi River * Mwenezi River * Changane River | * Marico River * Crocodile River * Matlabas River * Mokolo River * Palala River * Mogalakwena River * Kolope River * Sand River * Nwanedi River * Luvuvhu River * Olifants River |} mlyn7aa5jokgcfxcavyj83e1q6qyffk 0 13335 50336 50224 2026-06-08T18:06:35Z Tebogo Samuel Mokobi 11704 #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50336 wikitext text/x-wiki Go tswa mo Wikipedia, saetlopedia ya mahala (Go tswa mo Tsamaiso ya Metswedi ya Metsi) Setlhogo seno se bua ka mefuta yotlhe ya metsi a a ka nnang a thusa batho. Go bona mofuta wa metsi a tholego a batho ba a dirisang thata, bona Water Resources. Fa o batla go itse go le gontsi bona Freshwater (disambiguation). Metsi a a phepha kgotsa metsi a phepha ke metsi fela a e leng metsi kgotsa a gatseditsweng a na le selekanyo se se kwa tlase sa letswai le le nyerolotsweng le dilo tse dingwe tse di thata tse di nyerolotsweng. Lereo leno ga le akaretse metsi a lewatle le metsi a a letswai, mme le akaretsa metsi a a senang letswai a a nang le diminerale tse di ntse, a a jaaka metswedi ya metsi a a senang letswai. Metsi a a phepha a ka akaretsa metsi a a gatsetseng le a gakologang mo dikgapetleng tsa aese, mo dikgapetleng tsa kapoko le mo dithabeng tsa aese, mo dipuleng tsa tlholego tse di jaaka pula, kapoko, sefako/sleet le graupel, le metsi a a elelang a tswang mo godimo ga lefatshe a a bopang metsi a a mo teng ga lefatshe a a jaaka mafelo a a bongola, matamo, matsha, dinoka, melatswana ga mmogo le metsi a a kwa tlase ga lefatshe a a mo dikhuting tsa metsi, dinoka tse di ka fa tlase ga lefatshe le matsha. Metsi a botlhokwa thata gore ditshedi tsotlhe di kgone go tshela.Ditshedi ka bontsi di kgona go tshela sentle mo metsing a a letswai mme bontsi jwa dimela tse di nang le ditshika le bontsi jwa dintshenekegi, di-amphibian, digagabi, diamusi le dinonyane di thoka metsi a a phepha gore di tshele. Metsi a a phepha ke metsi ke motswedi wa metsi o o leng botlhokwa thata mo bathong. Metsi a a phepha ga se ka metlha e le metsi a a ka nowang, ke gore, metsi a a bolokesegileng gore batho ba ka a nwa. Bontsi jwa metsi a a phepha a lefatshe (a a fa godimo le a a kwa tlase ga lefatshe) ga a siamela go nowa ke batho fa a sa alafiwe. Metsi a a phepha a ka kgotlelwa mothofo ke ditiro tsa batho kgotsa ka ntha ya dilo tsa tholego tse di jaaka go gogolega ga mmu. Metsi a a phepha a dira dipalo tse di kwa tlase ga tse di tharo mo lekgolong tsa metsi a a leng teng mo lefatsheng, mme ke palo e le nngwe mo lekgolong fela tsa one tse di teng. Mo e ka nnang dipalo tse di lesome le bosupa mo lekgolong tsa metsi a a phepha a lefatshe a gatseditswe kwa Antarctica. Ke palo ya boraro mo lekgolong fela tsa yone tse di ntshediwang gore batho ba nwe. Temothuo e dirisa mo e ka nnang peditharong ya metsi otlhe a a phepha a tswang mo tikologong.<ref>[https://www.eib.org/en/essays/wastewater-resource-recovery "Wastewater resource recovery can fix water insecurity and cut carbon emissions"]. ''European Investment Bank''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220829150040/https://www.eib.org/en/essays/wastewater-resource-recovery Archived] from the original on 29 August 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210219192438/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/freshwater-crisis "Competing for Clean Water Has Led to a Crisis"]. ''Environment''. 26 January 2010. Archived from [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/freshwater-crisis the original] on 19 February 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2022.</ref><ref>"[https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/freshwater-resources/ Freshwater Resources | National Geographic Society]". ''education.nationalgeographic.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220526195118/https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/freshwater-resources Archived] from the original on 26 May 2022. Retrieved 29 August 2022.</ref> Metsi a a phepha ke motswedi wa tholego o o kgonang go ntshafadiwa ebile o kgona go fetofetoga, le fa go ntse yalo oa thaela. Metsi a a phepha a tlalediwa ke modikologo wa tholego wa metsi, o mo go one metsi a lewatle, a matsha, a dikgwa, a naga, a dinoka le a matamo a mowafalang, a bopa maru mme a boela mo teng ga naga ele pula.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20191127053410/https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/fundamentals-water-cycle?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects The Fundamentals of the Water Cycle]". ''www.usgs.gov''. Archived from [https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-science-school/science/fundamentals-water-cycle?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects the original] on 27 November 2019. Retrieved 17 September 2021.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, fa metsi a a phepha a dirisiwa thata ka ditiro tsa batho go na le go tsosolosiwa ka tholego, seno se ka felela ka go fokotsega ga metsi a a phepha (kgotsa thaelo ya metsi) go tswa mo metsweding ya fa godimo le ya ka fa tlase ga lefatshe mme se ka baka tshenyo e kgolo mo tikologong e e dikologileng le e e amanang le yone.<ref>Alviar, Rene (1998). "[https://tuklas.up.edu.ph/Record/IPN-00000053237?sid=961997 Laguna de Bay drying up fast, says task force]". UP collection of Inquirer. Retrieved 30 December 2024.</ref> Gape kgotlelo ya metsi e fokotsa metsi a a phepha a re nang le one. Mo mafelong a go senang metsi a a lekaneng mo go one, batho ba ile ba simolola go dirisa maranyane a a tshwanang le a go tlosa letswai mo metsing le go dirisa gape metsi a a leswe go oketsa metsi a a leng teng. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka ntlha ya ditshenyegelo tse di kwa godimo (tsa kapetlele le tsa go tsamaisa) le - segolobogolo mo go ntsheng letswai - ditlhokego tsa maatla, bontsi jwa tsone e santse e le didirisiwa tse di sa reng sepe. Tsela e nngwe e sa kgoneng go dirisiwa ke go dirisa se gotweng ke "metsi a a tswang mo ditsheding tsa bogologolo<nowiki>''</nowiki> a tswang mo metsweding ya metsi e e kwa tlase ga lefatshe. E re fa metswedi ya metsi a a kwa tlase ga lefatshe e bopegile dingwaga di le dimilione tse di fetileng fa tlelaemete ya lefelo leo e ne e le metsi (sekao go tswa mo go nngwe ya dipaka tsa Green Sahara) mme ga di tlale ka tsela e e utlwalang mo maemong a tlaemete ya gompieno-bogolo fa go bapisiwa le go gogiwa, metswedi ye ya metsi a a kwa tlase ga lefatshe di bopa metswedi e e sa ntshafadiweng fa go tshwantshiwa le peat kana lignite, tse di tswelelang di bopega ka metlha e e sa kgaotseng mo nakong ya gompieno mme ditsamaiso tsa bogolo di bonya go na le ka fa di epololwang ka teng. == Ditlhaloso == '''Tlhaloso ya Dipalo''' Metsi a a phepha a ka tlhalosiwa e le metsi a a kwa tlase ga dikarolo tse di makgolo a a matlhano mo milione wa matswai a a nyerolotsweng.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060428102341/http://www.groundwater.org/gi/gwglossary.html#F "Groundwater Glossary"]. 27 March 2006. Archived from [http://www.groundwater.org/gi/gwglossary.html#F the original] on 28 April 2006. Retrieved 14 May 2006.</ref> Mdetswedi e mengwe e ntsha melelwane e e kwa godimo ya letswai la metsi a a phepha, sekao, 1000 ppm<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110606104533/http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?p=1&query=freshwater "Freshwater"]. ''Glossary of Meteorology''. [[:en:American_Meteorological_Society|American Meteorological Society]]. June 2000. Archived from [http://amsglossary.allenpress.com/glossary/search?p=1&query=freshwater the original] on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2009.</ref> kgotsa 3000 ppm.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060511182717/http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/pfk/pages/glossary.php?entry_name=Freshwater "Freshwater"]. ''Fishkeeping glossary''. [[:en:Practical_Fishkeeping|Practical Fishkeeping]]. Archived from [http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/pfk/pages/glossary.php?entry_name=Freshwater the original] on 11 May 2006. Retrieved 27 November 2009.</ref> '''Ditsamaiso''' Mafelo a metsi a a phepha a kgaogantswe go nna ditsamaiso tsa lentic, tse e leng metsi a a sa kgaleng a a akaretsang matamo, matsha, matamo le dikhuti; lotic tse e leng ditsamaiso tsa metsi a a elelang kgotsa metsi a a kwa tlase ga lefatshe a a elelang mo matlapeng le mo mafelong a a nang le metsi a mantsi. Mo godimo ga moo, go na le kgaolo e e kopanyang metsi a a kwa tlase ga lefatshe le metsi a a elelang fa godimo, e leng kgaolo ya hyporheic, e e leng fa tlase ga dinoka tse dintse tse di kgolo mme e ka nna le metsi a mantsi go feta a a bonwang mo mogogorong o bulegileng. Gape e ka nna ya bo e na le bokopano jwa thamalalo le metsi a a ka tlase ga lefatshe. == Metswedi == Ditlhogo tsa konokono: Modikologo wa metsi le Metswedi ya metsi Mo e ka nnang metsi otlhe a a phepha a tswa mo puleng e e tswamg mo atemosefereng, ele mouwane, pula le kapoko. Metsi a a phepha a a welang jaaka mouwane, pula kgotsa kapoko a na le dilo tse di tswang mo atemosefereng le tse di tswang mo lewatleng le mo lefatsheng tse maru a nang le pula a neng a tsamaya mo go tsone. Kgabagare pula e dira gore go nne le metsi a batho ba ka a dirisang jaaka metswedi ya metsi a a phepha: matamo,matsha, dipula, melatswana le metsi a a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe a a mo teng ga lefatshe. Mo mafelong a a gaufi le lotshitsi, metsi a a phepha a ka nna le letswai le lentsi le le tswang mo lewatleng fa diphefo di dira gore marotlhodi a metsi a lewatle a tsene mo marung a a nang le pula. Seno se ka dira gore go nne le sodium, chloride, magnesium le sulfate tse di kwa godimo thata ga mmogo le di khemikale tse dingwe tse dintse tse di kwa tlase thata. Mo mafelong a sekaka, kgotsa mafelo a nang le mmu o o humangegileng kgotsa o o tletseng lerole, diphefo tse di nang le pula di ka kgona go phutha motlhaba le lerole mme seno se ka nna sa tshelwa kwa mafelong a mangwe e le pula mme seno sa dira gore metsi == Metswedi == 3otf1r65xhjyx9mgv1b8a9gy6rjvo9e 0 13337 50352 50215 2026-06-09T07:22:14Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50352 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diphororo tsa Kalandula''' kgotsa '''Diphororo tsa Calandula''' (Portuguese: Quedas de Kalandula; pele e ne e itsiwe jaaka Diphororo tsa Duque de Bragança) ke diphororo tsa metsi mo mmasepaleng wa Calandula, Porofense ya Malanje, [[Angola|Angola.]] Mo [[Nokeng ya Lucala]], diphororo di boleele jwa dimetara di le lekgolo le botlhano le bophara jwa dimetara di le makgolo a mane.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalandula_Falls#cite_note-1</ref> Ke nngwe ya diphororo tse ditona go gaisa mo Afrika.<ref>[http://www.malanje-angola.com/potencialidades_t.htm Malanje-Angola.com] [https://web.archive.org/web/20080914201647/http://www.malanje-angola.com/potencialidades_t.htm Archived] 2008-09-14 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] (in Portuguese)</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101201133341/http://world-waterfalls.com/waterfall.php?num=518 Kalandula Falls] Archived 2010-12-01 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine world-waterfalls.]]<nowiki/>com</ref> Sekgala go tswa [[Luanda]] ke dikhilomethara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a marataro (360 km) (220 mi) [[Setshwantsho:Kalandula waterfalls of the Lucala-River in Malange, Angola.JPG|thumb|Diphororo tsa Kalandula]] == Metswedi == d83tgzvvbzhqtae13l6gii8w1ut7ynu 0 13375 50353 50265 2026-06-09T07:22:33Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 50353 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Tagbo Falls.jpg|thumb|Diphororo tsa Tagbo]] '''Phororo ya Tagbo''' ke phororo gaufi le thaba ya Afadjato kwa Ghana, e e kwa Liati Wote, e e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a mabedi le bosupa (27) kwa botlhaba jwa toropo ya Hohoe. Metsi a wela kwa tlase ka dikgato di le mmalwa, mme kgato ya bofelo e e ka nnang bogodimo jwa dimetara di le masome a marataro (60). Lefelo leno le dikologilwe ke sekgwa sa pula.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120302103557/http://www.ghana-pedia.org/org/index.php?option=com_directory&page=viewListing&lid=30&Itemid=36 Ghanapedia] Archived 2012-03-02 at the Wayback Machine</ref> == Metswedi == 4n3ekki8xut1g3blrlyk0nwm83spk5i 0 13383 50378 50313 2026-06-09T10:46:23Z OtengPortia 12840 #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50378 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zambezi''' (e ka kwalawang gape ele '''Zambese''' kana '''Zambesi''') ke noka [[:en:List_of_river_systems_by_length|ya bone a kgolo]] mo Aforika, noka e kgolo e tshologelang botlhaba mo Aforika gape e leng yona oka e kgolo e tshologelang mo [[:en:Indian_Ocean|lewatleng la Indiana]] go tswa mo Aforika. Go [[:en:Drainage_basin|kgopa metsi]] ga yone go bophara jwa selekano sa 1,390,000 km ga bedi (540,000 mi ga bedi),<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081217180850/http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf "Richard Beilfuss & David dos Santos: Patterns of Hydrological Change in the Zambezi Delta, Monogram for the Sustainable Management of Cahora Bassa Dam and The Lower Zambezi Valley (2001). Estimated mean flow rate 3424 m³/s"] (PDF). Archived from [http://files.gorongosa.net/filestore/348-patterns_hydrological_change_zambezi_delta.pdf the original] (PDF) on 17 December 2008. Retrieved 18 October 2008.</ref><ref>[http://www.riob.org/transfrontalier/Bilanglobal.PDF International Network of Basin Organisations/Office International de L'eau]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20090327102256/http://www.riob.org/transfrontalier/Bilanglobal.PDF Archived] 27 March 2009 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] "Développer les Compétences pour mieux Gérer l'Eau: Fleuves Transfrontaliers Africains: Bilan Global." (2002). Estimated annual discharge 106 km³, equal to mean flow rate 3360 m³/s</ref> ko tlasenyana ga noka ya [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Noka e ya bophara jwa 2,754 km (1,599 mi) e simologa mo [[:en:Zambia|Zambia]] mme e fete ka botlhaba jwa [[:en:Angola|Angola]], go bapisa bokone-botlhaba jwa bodara ya [[:en:Namibia|Namibia]] le bokone jwa bodara ya [[:en:Botswana|Botswana]], e boe e fete gape mo mmileng wa bodara e magareng go Zambia le [[:en:Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]] goya [[:en:Mozambique|Mozambique]], kwa e kgabaganyang lefatshe go tshologela mo lewatleng la Indiana.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambezi-River "Zambezi River | river, Africa".] ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210502232720/https://www.britannica.com/place/Zambezi-River Archived] from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.victoriafalls-guide.net/zambezi-river.html "Zambezi River Facts and Information"]. ''www.victoriafalls-guide.net''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230507055636/https://www.victoriafalls-guide.net/zambezi-river.html Archived] from the original on 7 May 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2021.</ref> Ngwe ya ntlha tse di lemogiwang thata ka noka ya Zambezi ke [[:en:Victoria_Falls|phororo ya metsi a Victoria]]. Diphororo tse dingwe di ama [[:en:Chavuma_Falls|Chavuma]]<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Chavuma-Falls "Chavuma Falls | waterfall, Zambia | Britannica"]. ''www.britannica.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220626032309/https://www.britannica.com/place/Chavuma-Falls Archived] from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2022.</ref> le [[:en:Ngonye_Falls|Ngonye.]]<ref>[https://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/waterfalls/ngonye-falls/ "Zambia Tourism: Waterfalls"]. ''Zambia Tourism''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20200407045055/https://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/waterfalls/ngonye-falls/ Archived] from the original on 7 April 2020. Retrieved 25 June 2022.</ref> Ditsela tse pedi tsa konokono tsa [[:en:Hydroelectricity|metsi a motlakase]] mo nokeng e ke [[:en:Kariba_Dam|noka ya Kariba]] e e direlang Zambia le Zimbabwe motlakase e boe e direle le [[:en:Cahora_Bassa_Dam|noka ya Cahora Bassa]] mo Mozambique ee e e hetisetsang motlakase kwa Mozambique le [[:en:South_Africa|South Africa]]. Go oketsa, ditlhomo tse di potlana tsa metsi a motlakase dimo Zambia kwa diphororong tsa Victoria le [[:en:Zengamina|Zengamina.]]<ref>[http://www.nwzdt.org/?page_id=22 "Zengamina Hydro Project | North West Zambia Development Trust".] [https://web.archive.org/web/20220423080555/http://www.nwzdt.org/?page_id=22 Archived] from the original on 23 April 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.</ref><ref>Pasanisi, Francesco; Tebano, Carlo; Zarlenga, Francesco (March 2016). [[doi:10.3390/environments3010006|"A Survey near Tambara along the Lower Zambezi River".]] ''Environments''. '''3''' (1): 6. doi:[[doi:10.3390/environments3010006|10.3390/environments3010006]]</ref> Noka e e simologa mo [[:en:Dambo|dambo]] e ntsho e e nang le mokgobo wa metsi mo lefatsheng le le nang le dikgwa tse di kitlaneng tsa [[:en:Miombo|miombo]] tse di nang le mekgabisa ya dithota tsa di sa lekanang, 50km kwa bokone jwa [[:en:Mwinilunga|Mwinilunga]] le 20km kwa borwa jwa Ikelenge mo [[:en:Ikelenge_District|kgaolong ya Ikelenge]] kwa [[:en:North-Western_Province,_Zambia|Porofenseng ya Bokone-Bophirima]] jwa Zambia, mo godimo ga 1,524m(maoto a le 5,000) godimo ga [[:en:Sea_level|bogodimo jwa lewatle]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150904101922/http://www.muvitv.com/dilapidated-zambezi-source-site-worry-ikelenge-dc/ "Dilapidated Zambezi Source Site Worry Ikelenge DC".] ''muvitv.com''. Muvi TV. Archived from [http://www.muvitv.com/dilapidated-zambezi-source-site-worry-ikelenge-dc/ the original] on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.</ref> Lefelo le le dikologileng motswedi ono ke segopotso sa banni, lefelo lele sireleditsweng la dikgwa, gape ke lefelo la [[:en:Important_bird_area|bothokwa mo diphologolong tsa dinonyane.]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150904101922/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=7178 "ZM002 Source of the Zambezi".] ''birdlife.org''. Birdlife International. Archived from [http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=7178 the original] on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 1 August 2015.</ref> Go yeng bokone jwa motswedi, metsi a iketlileng a fa gare ga [[:en:Congo_Basin|Congo]] le [[:en:Zambezi_Basin|sekgele sa Zambezi]] ke lefelo le le supilweng thata la lefatshe le le fa godingwana, le tsamaya gaufi e botlhaba-bophirima mme a wela thata kafa bokone le borwa. Se se kgaola sekgele thata go tsweng mo [[:en:Lualaba_River|Lualaba]] (lekalana legolo godimo mo Congo) go tsweng mo Zambezi. Mo tikologong ya motswedi, metsi a iketlileng ga a bonale thata, mme dinoka tse pedi tse gadi kopane.<ref>Dorling Kindersley, pp. 84–85</ref> Lefelo lotlhe le le nosediwang ke noka ya Zambezi ke serala se segolo se se anameng, se se nang le melelwane e e sa tlhomamang, se se kwa bogodimong jwa 900km goya go 1200. Karolo e e kwa teng ga naga e bopilwe ka maje a fetogileng ka ntlha ya [[:en:Metamorphic_rock|mogote le kgatelelo,]] fa melelwane ya sona e dikaganyeditswe ke maje a a tlhodilweng ke [[:en:Igneous_rock|seretse sa molelo]] a a fitlhelwang gaufi le [[:en:Victoria_Falls|mepororo ya Victoria.]] Kwa [[:en:Chupanga|Chupanga]], mo mo karolong e e kwa tlase ga Zambezi, matlhatlaganyane a masesane a [[:en:Sandstone|maje]] a male wa serolwana le serolwana se se serolwana-bosetlha, ka dinako dingwe a na le matlhatlaganyana a [[:en:Limestone|leje la kalakala]], a bonala mo bodilong jwa noka ka paka ya komelelo. Maje ano a tswelela go feta [[:en:Tete,_Mozambique|Tete]], koo a amanang le mekgano e megolo ya magala a mashala. Mashala a a fitlhelwa gape mo kgaolong e e kwa tlase ga meproro ya Victoria. Maje a anang le gouta a bonala mo mafelong a le mmalwa.<ref>Ashton, Peter; Love, David; Mahachi, Harriet; Dirks, Paul. [https://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G00599.pdf "An Overview of the Impacts of Mining and Mineral Processing Operations on Water Resources and Water Quality in the Zambezi, Limpopo AND Olifant Catchments in Southern Africa"] (PDF). ''International Institute for Environment and Development''. Mining, Minerals and Sustainable Development Project, Southern Africa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201114231525/https://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/G00599.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 14 November 2020. Retrieved 13 November 2020.</ref> '''Zambezi e e kwa Godimo''' Noka e e elela kwa borwa-bophirima e tsena mo Angola sebaka sa 240km (150 mi) be e kopangwa ake [[:en:Tributary|dinoka tse dingwe]] tse dikgolo jaaka [[:en:Luena_River_(Angola)|Luena]] le Chifumage, tse di tswang kwa dithabeng tse di kwa bokone-bophirima.<ref>Dorling Kindersley, pp. 84–85</ref> Go tsweng foo e tlaabo e leba kwa borwa mme e bopa [[:en:Floodplain|lefelo le le legolo la morwalela]], le bophara jwa lone bo fetogang thata agreng ga paka ya komelelo le paka ya dipula. E boa e tsena mo [[:en:Zambezian_evergreen_dry_forests|sekgweng se se kitlaneng sa ditlhare tse di nnetseng botala ruri,]] mme kafa bophirima jwa yone go na le mafulo a a bulegileng a [[:en:Western_Zambezian_grasslands|Western Zambezian grasslands.]] Fa e boelang gape mo Zambia e abo ele bophara jwa 400m(dinao di ka nna 1,300) mo pakeng ya dipula, mme e elela ka lobelo le legolo ena le ditsela tsedi matlapa le [[:en:Rapids|metsi a a phothoselang]] go fitlha kwa [[:en:Chavuma_Falls|dipororong tsa chavuma]], kwa noka e fetang mo lekhalong la matlapa. Noka e e fologa seelo e kanna 400m, (dinao di kanna 1,300) gotswa kwa motsweding wa yone o o kwa bogodimong jwa 1,500m (dinao di ka nna 4,900) goya kwa dipororong tsa Chavuma e e kwa seeleng se ka nna 1,100m (dinao di ka nna3,600), mo sekgweng sa 400km (dimaele di ka nna 250). Go tsweng foo goya kwa dipororong tsa Victoria, bogodimo jwa lefatshe mo mekgapong ya metsi tlaabo bo lekana , bo fologelela seelo sa 180m (dinao dka tshwara 590) mo sekgweng sa 800km (dimaele di ka nna 500).<ref>Page, Geology (25 November 2014). [https://www.geologypage.com/2014/11/zambezi-river.html "Zambezi River"]. ''Geology Page''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210520095950/https://www.geologypage.com/2014/11/zambezi-river.html Archived] from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.</ref> Noka yantlha e kgolo e e tsenamg mo nokeng ya Zambezi ke [[:en:Kabompo_River|Kabompo]], e e leng kwa [[:en:North-Western_Province,_Zambia|porofenseng ya bokone-bophirima]] jwa Zambia. Mafatlha a [[:en:Savanna|Savanna]] a noka e elelang mo go yone a fetoga gonna lefelo le le legolo la morwalela, le le nang le [[:en:Fan_palm|ditlhare tsa palema]] tsa [[:en:Borassus|''Borassus'']] tse di gasameng mogo lone. Go yeng kwa borwa gose sekgele sepe noka e e [[:en:Confluence|kopana]] le [[:en:Lungwebungu_River|noka ya Lungwebungu.]] Mo tlaabo ele tshimologo ya [[:en:Barotse_Floodplain|lefelo le legolo la morwalela la Barotse,]] e leng sengwe sa dilo tse di itsegeng thata mo karolong e e kwa godimo ya Zambezi. Mme lefa gontse jalo, karolo ena e e kwa bokone ga e aparelwe ke morwalela thata, mme ena le ditlhaketlhake tsa lefatshe le le kwa godimo mo gare ga yone.<ref>[https://www.victoriafalls-guide.net/zambezi-river.html "Zambezi River Facts and Information".] ''www.victoriafalls-guide.net''[https://web.archive.org/web/20230507055636/https://www.victoriafalls-guide.net/zambezi-river.html . Archived] from the original on 7 May 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2021.</ref> E ka nnang seelo sa 30 km fa tlasa ga noka ya Lungwebungu e kopanang le Zambezi, naga e nna sephaphathi thata mme go nne lego bonala motlhofo ga lefelo e legoo la morwalela la Barotse. Morwalela o ka namela go fitlha o nna bophara jwa 25km mo pakeng ya dipula. Mo godimo ga 200km goya kwa tlase ga nka, potologo ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya morwalela e laola tikologo ya tlhago le botshelo jwa batho, banni le setso. M o e ka nnang 80km goya pele kwa tlase, noka ya [[:en:Luanginga_River|Luanginga]] e e kopanang le dinoka tse dingwe tse di tswang kwa bophirima, e tsena mo Nokeng ya Zambezi. Go boeng gape oya kwa godimo gose sekgele kafa botlhaba, noka e kgolo e kopangwa mo pakeng ya dipula ke metsi a a tshologang gotswa mo tsamaisong ya moedi wa noka ya [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Luampa_River&action=edit&redlink=1 Luampa]-[[:en:Luena_River_(Zambia)|Luena]].<ref>Dorling Kindersley, pp. 84–85</ref> Sekgele ese sa sepe fa o fologa morago ga fa noka ya Luanginga e kopang le ya Zambezi, o goroga kwa [[:en:Lealui|Lealui,]] ngwe ya metsemegolo ya [[:en:Lozi_people|batho ba Lozi]] ba ba nnang mo kgaolong ya [[:en:Lozi_kingdom|lefatshe la Barotse]] mo [[:en:Western_Province,_Zambia|porofenseng ya bophirima]] jwa Zambia. Kgosi ya batho ba Lozi e na le ngwe ya dikampa tsa gagwe kwa Lealui; e ngwe e kwa [[:en:Limulunga|Limulunga,]] ele mo lefatsheng le le kwa godimo e bile e dirisiwa jaaka motsemogolo ka nako ya dipula. Go fuduga ga ngwaga le ngwaga gotswa Lealui goya Limulunga ke tiragalo e kgolo thata, e e ketekwang jaaka ngwe ya meletlo e e itsegeng thata mo Zambia, e e bidiwang [[:en:Kuomboka|Kuomboka.]] Morago ga Lealui, noka e retologela kwa borwa-botlhaba. Go tswa kwa botlhaba, e tswelela e amogela dinoka tse dintsi tse dinnye, mme kwa bophirima ga yone ga go na dinoka tse dikgolo tse di e tsenang mo sekgweng seelong sa 240km. Pele ga foo, [[:en:Ngonye_Falls|mepororo ya Ngonye]] le matlapa a a latelang a thibela go tsamaya ga dikorwana mo nokeng. Kwa borwa jwa mepororo ya Nonye, noka e kgona go kgoma nako e khutshwane molelwane wa Namibia, mo kgaolong ya <ref>Dorling Kindersley, pp. 84–85</ref>[[:en:Caprivi_Strip|Caprivi Strip.]] Kwa tlase ga kopano ya [[:en:Cuando_River|noka ya Cuando]] le Zambezi, noka e retologa e lebana le botlhaba. Mo lefelong leo, noka e nna bophara mme e sa tsene boteng thata, e elela ka bonya. Mme fa e ntse e ya kwa botlhaba go ya molelwaneng wa setlhaba se segolo sa bokone jwa Aferika, e fitlha kwa khuting e kgolo e e tsenwang ke metsi a a elelang ka thata, e leng mepororo ya Victoria. '''Zambezi e e fa Gare''' Dipororo tsa Victoria di tsewa e le molelwane gareng ga karolo ya kwa godimo le ya bogareng ya noka ya Zambezi. Ka fa tlase ga tsone, noka e tswelela go elela ka fa botlhaba ka bokgakala jwa seelo se kanna 200km (maele a le 120), e phunyeletsa mabota a a emeng a majwe a [[:en:Basalt|basalt]] a a katogileng seelo se ka nna 20m go ya go 60m (maoto a le 66 go ya go 197), mo dithabeng tse di kwa godimo ga 200m go ya go 250m (maoto a le 660 go ya go 820). Noka e elela ka lobelo lo logolo mo Mogorogong wa Batoka, mme metsi a yona a kgorelediwa ka metlha ke mafika a a mo nokeng. Go tlhalositswe gore ke nngwe ya<ref>Edington, Sean (29 December 2020). [https://safpar.com/is-rafting-on-the-zambezi-river-below-the-victoria-falls-dangerous/ "Is rafting on the Zambezi River below The Victoria Falls Dangerous?"]. ''SAFPAR''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210520102959/https://safpar.com/is-rafting-on-the-zambezi-river-below-the-victoria-falls-dangerous/ Archived] from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.</ref> maeto a [[:en:Whitewater_kayaking|metsi a a boitshegang]] thata mo lefatsheng, e le kgwetlho e kgolo mo bathong ba ba tsamayang ka dikayake kgotsa ba ba dirisang dingwato tsa go kgweetsa mo metsing a a matlhomola. Ka kwa ntle ga mogorogo ono go na le letoto la dikarolo tsa metsi a a matlhomola tse di felelang 240km (maele a le 150) ka fa tlase ga dipororo tsa Victoria. Mo bokgakaleng jo, noka e fokotsega ka 250m (maoto a le 820). Mo ntlheng eno, noka e tsena mo [[:en:Lake_Kariba|Letsheng la Kariba]], le le bopilweng ka ngwaga wa1959 morago ga go wediwa ga kago ya [[:en:Kariba_Dam|Letamo la Kariba.]] Letsha leno ke lengwe la matsha a magolo a a dirilweng ke batho mo lefatsheng, mme ditlhamo tsa go dira motlakase wa metsi mo letamong le di direla dikarolo tse dintsi tsa Zambia le Zimbabwe motlakase. Dinoka tsa [[:en:Luangwa_River|Luangwa]] le [[:en:Kafue_River|Kafue]] ke tsone ditswammung tse dikgolo tse pedi tse di tsenang mo Zambezi ka fa molemeng. Noka ya Kafue e kopana le noka e kgolo mo molatswaneng o o didimetseng le o o tseneletseng, o o ka nnang 180m (maoto a le 590) ka bophara. Go tswa mo ntlheng eno, go obega ga noka ya Zambezi go ya kwa bokone go a emisiwa, mme metsi a tswelela go elela ka tlhamalalo go ya kwa botlhaba. Kwa kopanong ya noka ya Luangwa (15°37’ S), e tsena mo Mozambique.<ref>Valkenburgh, Blaire Van; White, Paula A. (20 April 2021). [[doi:10.7717/peerj.11313/fig-1|"Figure 1: Map showing location of Luangwa Valley and Greater Kafue Ecosystem in Zambia".]] ''PeerJ''. '''9''': e11313. doi:[[doi:10.7717/peerj.11313/fig-1|10.7717/peerj.11313/fig-1.]]</ref> Karolo ya bogare ya Zambezi e felela kwa noka e tsenang mo Letsheng la [[:en:Cahora_Bassa|Cahora Bassa]], le pele e neng e le lefelo la dikgaruru tse di kotsi tse di bidiwang Kebrabassa; letsha leno le bopilwe ka ngwaga wa 1974 morago ga go agiwa ga [[:en:Cahora_Bassa_Dam|Letamo la Cahora Bassa.]]<ref>[https://archive.gramene.org/db/ontology/search?id=44313 "GAZ Term "Zambezi River" (GAZ:00044898)".] ''archive.gramene.org''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210520101311/https://archive.gramene.org/db/ontology/search?id=44313 Archived] from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.</ref> '''Zambezi yo kwa Tlase''' Karolo e e kwa tlase ya Noka ya Zambezi, e e ka nna 650km (maele a le 400) go tswa kwa Letsheng la Cahora Bassa go ya kwa lewatleng la Indiana, e ka tsamaiwa ka dikoloi tsa metsi, le fa noka e se boteng mo mafelong a mantsi mo pakeng ya komelelo. Go se boteng jo go bakwa ke gore noka e tsena mo mokgatšheng o o anameng mme e anama go ralala lefelo le legolo. Ke fela mo lefelong le le lengwe, e leng [[:en:Lupata_Gorge|Lupata Gorge]], le le ka nnang 320km (maele a le 200) go tswa kwa molomong wa yona, fa noka e pitlaganngwa magareng ga dithaba tse di kwa godimo. Mo lefelong le, bophara jwa yona ga bo fete 200m (maoto a le 660). Kwa mafelong a mangwe, noka e ka nna bophara jwa 5km go ya go 8km (maele a le 3 go ya go 5), e elela ka bonolo ka melatswana e mentsi. Bodilo jwa noka bo na le mmu, mme mabopo a yona a kwa tlase a bo a tletse dimela tsa leetsana. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo mafelong mangwe, segolobogolo mo pakeng ya dipula, melatswana eno e a kopana go dira noka e le nngwe e kgolo e e elelang ka lobelo. Mo seelong seka nna160km (maele a le 99) go tswa kwa lewatleng, Noka ya Zambezi e amogela metsi a a tswang mo [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Letsheng la Malawi]] ka [[:en:Shire_River|Noka ya Shire.]] Fa e atamela Lewatle la Indiana, noka e a kgaogana go dira [[:en:River_delta|delata]].<ref>Dorling Kindersley, pp. 84–85</ref> Lekala lengwe le lengwe le legolo la noka, e leng Kongone, Luabo le Timbwe, le kgorelediwa ke [[:en:Shoal|mpetle wa]] [[:en:Shoal|mmu]]. Lekala le lengwe le le kwa bokone le le bidiwang molomo wa [[:en:Chinde_River|Chinde]] le na le boteng jo bo kwa tlase jwa 2m (maoto a le 6 le 7) fa go le metsi a a kwa tlase mo tshimologong, le 4m (maoto a le 13) kwa teng. Ke lone lekala le le dirisiwang go tsamaisa dikoloi tsa metsi. Mo bokgakaleng jwa100km (maele a le 62) go ya kwa bokone, go na le noka e nngwe e bidiwang [[:en:Quelimane|Quelimane,]] e e bidiwang ka leina la toropo e e kwa molomong wa yona. Noka ena e e nang le seretse se se oketsegang e amogela metsi a a tshologang a Zambezi mo pakeng ya dipula.<ref>[https://theodora.com/encyclopedia/z/zambezi.html "Zambezi - Encyclopedia".] ''theodora.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210520105706/https://theodora.com/encyclopedia/z/zambezi.html Archived] from the original on 20 May 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.</ref> {{Reflist|30em}} [[Karolo:Coordinates on Wikidata]] m8oorofhjez67di160l0vxkqoorovxw 0 13410 50317 2026-06-08T12:08:45Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 # WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE TSENTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA GARIEP 50317 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:GariepDam.jpg|thumb|Letamo la Gariep]] '''Letamo la Gariep''' le mo Aferika Borwa, gaufi le toropo ya Norvalspont, le bapile le diporofense tsa Free state le Eastern cape. Maikaelelo a yona a matona ke go nosetsa, tiriso ya mo gae le ya madirelo mmogo le go dira motlakase. Ke letamo le letona go gaisa mo Aferika Borwa. == Leina == Letamo la Gariep, ka nako ya khomišene ya lone ka ngwaga wa 1971, kwa tshimologong le ne la bidiwa Letamo la Hendrik Verwoerd ka leina la ga Hendrik Verwoerd, Tonakgolo wa pele le morago ga kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le masome a mararo le bongwe(31) ka ngwaga wa 1961, fa naga e ne e fetoga go tswa go Kopano ya Union of South Africa go ya ko Republic of South Africa. Le fa go ntse jalo, morago ga bokhutlo jwa tlhaolele, leina la Verwoerd le ne la tsewa le sa tshwanela. Leina le ne la fetolwa semmuso go nna Letamo la Gariep ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le nne(4) ka ngwaga wa 1996. Gariep ke Khoekhoe e e kayang "noka", leina la ntlha la Noka ya Orange (noka e telele go gaisa mo Aforika Borwa).<ref>[[iarchive:DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames|"Dictionary of Southern African Place Names (Public Domain)".]] Human Science Research Council. p. 171.</ref> == Lefelo == Letamo le mo Nokeng ya Orange dikilometara di ka nna masome a mane le boferabobedi (48) kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa Colesberg le dikilometara di le makgolo a mabedi le boferabongwe (208) kwa borwa jwa Bloemfontein. E mo mogorogorong o o fa kgorong ya Mokgatšha wa Ruigte o o dikilometara di ka nna tlhano(5) kwa botlhaba jwa Norvalspont. Setlhoa sa letamo se bogodimo jwa dimitara di ka nna sekete le makgolo a mararo (1 300) (4 300 ft) kwa godimo ga bogodimo jwa lewatle.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220616222112/http://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/ "Department of Water Affairs: Orange River Basin"]. Archived from the original on 2022-06-16</ref> == Ditekanyo == Lebota le ko godimo ka masome a ferabobedi le boferabobedi (88 m) mme le na le boleele jwa selekanyo sa makgolo a ferabongwe le lesome le bone (914 m) mme le na dimilione di le 1.73 ya konkoreiti. Letamo la Gariep ke letamo le letona la polokelo mo Aferika Borwa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210817190145/http://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/Mid_Orange/fish-sun.htm "Map Illustration - Further details".] ''Department of Water - Fish-Sundays''. Archived from the original on 2021-08-17. Retrieved 2020-09-22.</ref> Ka Sekgowa sa Aforika Borwa, ‘letamo’ le kaya bobedi popego le mothamo wa metsi a le a bolokang. Letamo la Gariep le na le bokgoni jotlhe jwa polokelo jo bo ka nnang dimegalitara di le 5 340 000 (5 340 hm3) le bogolo jwa boalogodimo jo bo fetang disekwerekilometara di le 370 (140 sq mi) fa le tletse. Seteišene sa motlakase wa metsi se na le dijenereitara di le nne tsa 90-MW. == Mofuta wa moakanyetso le borakonteraka == Sebopeho ke letamo la konkreiti la kgogedi-arch motswako. Moralo ona o ile wa kgethwa kaha mohopolo o bulehile haholo bakeng sa areke e feletseng kahoo mabota a potapotileng a bopa ditshehetso tsa kgohelo ho areke e bohareng. E agilwe ke Dumez, e leng khampani ya Fora ya go aga. == Metswedi == md9uo7bqti1x5pzggr3q1jxidbrxl27 0 13411 50318 2026-06-08T12:16:17Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Rweru 50318 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Rwanda relief location map.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Rweru]] '''Letsha la Rweru''' ke letsha le le gaufi le ntlha e e kwa bokone thata ya Burundi kwa bogareng jwa Afrika. Losi lwa bokone lwa letsha leno ke karolo ya molelwane wa [[Burundi]] le [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]] Ke lefelo le le kgakala thata la tshimologo ya Noka ya Nile. Noka ya Kagera, e batho ba le bantsi ba e tsayang e le kwa Nile e simololang gone, e tlhatlogela kwa karolong e e kwa bokone jwa letsha leno, e e kwa [[Rwanda]] . == Thutafatshe == Letsha leno le na le bogolo jwa dikilometara di le lekgolo fa gare ga mafatshe a mabedi, e leng [[Burundi]] (dikhilomitara di le 80) le Rwanda (dikhilomitara di le 20). Letsha le na le lebopo le le ka nnang dikhilomitara di le masome a supa le borataro Letsha le le boteng thata mo dikarolong tse dintsi mme le na le boteng jo bo magareng jwa 2.1 m ka boteng jwa lone jo bo kwa godimo ga dikhilomitara di le tharo jo bo fitlhelwang kwa Burundi. Noka ya Kagera e elela go tswa mo letsheng le le kwa Burundi mme e elela kwa botlhaba go bapa le molelwane wa [[Rwanda]] go fitlha e kopana le [[Noka ya Rurubu|Noka ya Ruvubu]].<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20170309153719/http://fortuneofafrica.com/rwanda/lake-rweru/ Lake Rweru - Fortune of Africa Rwanda".] ''fortuneofafrica.com''. Archived from [http://fortuneofafrica.com/rwanda/lake-rweru/ the original] on 2017-03-09. Retrieved 2017-03-05.</ref> == Kganetsano == Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone batshwaraditlhapi kwa [[Burundi]] ba ba nnang go dikologa letsha leno kwa [[Porofenseng ya Muyinga]] ba ne ba bona ditopo di feta masome a mane tse di sa itsiweng tse di kokobetseng mo letsheng leno. Bontsi jwa ditopo di ne di phuthetswe ka polasetiki. Ditopo tse di bonweng di ne di le mo dikgatong tse di kwa pele tsa go bola, mme seno se ne sa tshosa batho ba motse wa selegae ka ntlha ya matshwenyego a botsogo.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-28940020 "Burundi investigates 'Rwandan bodies' in Lake Rweru". ''BBC News''.] 2014-08-26. Retrieved 2016-10-14.</ref>Burundi e bolela gore ditopo tsotlhe tse di bonweng e ne e le tsa Rwanda ka bosetšhaba mme ga go na diphetso tse di ka ikanngwang tsa gore ditopo di bolailwe jang. Mafatshe ano ka bobedi a ganetsa gore ditopo tseno ke tsa baagi ba one.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-burundi-bodies-rwanda-idUSKCN0I31XB20141014 "Burundi says 40 corpses found in lake were Rwandans".] ''Reuters''. 2016-10-14. Retrieved 2016-10-14.</ref>Biro ya Dipatlisiso ya Bosetšhaba go tswa kwa United States e ne ya dumela go tsaya kgetse eno morago ga gore mafatshe ano ka bobedi a bontshe go tlhoka kgatlhego ya go sekaseka kgang eno.<ref>[http://www.nation.co.ke/news/africa/Lake-Rweru-floating-bodies/1066-2482026-55d4f/index.html "Mystery over bodies found in Lake Rweru".] ''Daily Nation''. Retrieved 2016-10-14.</ref> == Metswedi == 5w49z6plwoeahw81nr1npxo2mhd4fvk 0 13412 50319 2026-06-08T12:20:42Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA SEWA 50319 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:SierraLeoneOMC.png|thumb|SierraLeona map]] '''Noka ya Sewa''' ke noka ya kwa [[Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone.]] <ref>Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Sierra_Leone|"Sierra Leone"]] . ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 54–57 see page 54, third para. <q>....The hydrography of the country is.....The main upper branch of the Great Bum (or Sewa) river is.....</q></ref>Metswedi ya yone e e kwa kgakala ke Noka ya Bagbe le Noka ya Bafi, e e simololang kwa mafelong a dithaba a karolo ya bokonebotlhaba jwa naga, gaufi le molelwane le Guinea. Go tswa kwa Bagbe le Bafi di kopanelang teng mo Kgaolong ya Kono, Sewa e elela 240 km (150 mi) mo ntlheng ya borwa-borwabophirima mme e nosetsa lefelo la 19,022 km2 (7,344 mi2). Gaufi le lotshitshi lwa Atlantic noka e kopana le Noka ya Waanje go bopa Noka ya Kittam. Noka ya Kittam e elela dikilometara di le masome a mabedi le boferabobedi (48) go ya kwa bophirima go bapa le lotshitshi mme e tsena mo letloeng la matsha le melatswana e e kgaogantsweng le lewatle ke Turner's Peninsula. Go tswa mo setlhaketlhakeng sa Sherbro, Kittam e tshologela mo nokeng e kgolo ya Sherbro. Noka ya Sewa e kgona go tsamaisiwa ka dikepe ka sekgala se sekhutshwane, mme fa gare le kwa godimo ga yone, go na le makhubu a magolo le a magolo. Noka eno e botlhokwa thata mo kgwebong ya Sierra Leone. Metsi a a kwa godimo a Sewa a ntse a phuruphudiwa go bona diteemane ka selekanyo se segolo. Mo mafelong a a gaufi le lotshitshi lwa lewatle go jalwa reisi le go jalwa ga piassava, e e romelwang kwa ntle go ya go dira di-besom, e leng dijalo tse di botlhokwa. == Metswedi == nmj57p1dle8t5c9oy3b91s37sssbf8m 0 13413 50320 2026-06-08T12:29:10Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Sand #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Sand|river_name=Sandrivier|image_name=10 of 'History of the Boers in South Africa ... with three maps' (11189449154), crop.jpg|caption=Noka ya Sand (legare mo mojeng) mo mmepeng wa 1887|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka ya Sand|mouth=[[Noka ya Vet]]|location=gaufi le Tierfontein|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]}} '''Noka ya Sand''' (e ka teme ya Afrikaans e bidiwang '''Sandrivier''', pele e ne e bidiwa '''Zandrivier'''<ref name=":0">Raper, P. E. [https://archive.org/stream/DictionaryOfSouthernAfricanPlaceNames/SaPlaceNames_djvu.txt ''Sand River''.] Retrieved 08 June 2026</ref>) ke noka e e kwa kgaolong ya [[Foreistata|Free State]], kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. E gaufi le ditoropo tsa Welkom le Virginia kwa lefelong la meepo la Free State. Motswedi wa yone o gaufi le Tweefontein kwa bokone bophirima kwa Ficksburg gautshwane le molelwane wa lefatshe la Aforika borwa le [[Lesotho]]. Noka e, e itsege ka go bewa monwana ga [[tumalano ya noka ya Sand]] gautshwane, e le tiragalo e e botlhokwa mo ditsong tsa sepolotiki sa Aforika Borwa. == Dinoka tse di tshelang mo go yone le mafelo a e a nosang == Noka ya Sand e tshelwa ke Vet, yone e tshela kwa Vaal. Mafelo a e tshelang mo go one a akaretsa [[Debeerspruit]], mo go a mangwe. E bonwa e le bontlha jwa mafelo a a nosang Vaal legare.<ref>''[http://soer.deat.gov.za/dm_documents/Free_State_AvOCU.pdf Free State Region River Systems – 2003]'' (PDF). [[:en:Department_of_Water_and_Sanitation|Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (South Africa)]]. March 2004. p. 28. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-620-31794-9|<bdi>0-620-31794-9</bdi>.]]</ref> Letamo la yone ke la [[Letamo la Allemanskraal|Allemanskraal]] fela le le kwa lefelong la itloso bodutu la Willem Pretorius Game Reserve. == Ditso == Tumalano ya noka ya Sand e e neng ya baka go ikemela ga Transvaal Republic, e beilwe monwana mo tanteng mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Sand ka Firikgong a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa 1852. Sehikantswe se se gopotsang moletlo o gompieno se fitlhelwa mo lotshitshing lwa noka eo dikhilomithara di le lesome le botlhano go tswa kwa Winburg.<ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20091207101420/http://www.freestatetourism.org/about-the-free-state/lejweleputswa-ventersburg/index.html Ventersburg – Lejweleputswa – Free State]". Free State Tourism. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20091207101420/http://www.freestatetourism.org/about-the-free-state/lejweleputswa-ventersburg/index.html the original] on 7 December 2009. Retrieved 08 June 2026</ref> Ka Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwag wa 1900, ka nako ya ntwa ya bobedi ya Maburu, khansele ya ntwa e eteletswe pele ke Maburu e e neng e batla go tswelela ka dintwa e ne ya tshwarelwa kwa borogong jwa noka ya Sand.<ref>[https://myfundi.co.za/404 The Anglo-Boer War I: Review]</ref> Ka Motsheganonga le lesome ngwaga wa 1900, ba Britain ba ne ba lwa kgatlhanong le Maburu kwa nokeng ya Sand mo ntweng ya bobedi ya Maburu. Ka ngwaga wa 1888, noka ya Sand e ne ya thubega ya baka merwalela mo dintlheng dingwe tsa Virginia. Ka ngwaga wa 1994, masetlapelo a letamo la Merriespruit a ne a diragala kwa Virginia, ga tlhokafala batho ba le lesome le bosupa.<ref>Wagener, F (1997). "The Merriespruit slimes dam failure: Overview and lessons learnt". ''SAICE Journal''. '''39''' (3): 11–15.</ref> Noka e, e filwe leina e reelelwa ka tiragalo e kolotsana e neng ya nwela mo motlhabeng wa yone, mme ya tshwanelwa ke go olololwa pele ga mosepele o kwa tswelela.<ref name=":0" /> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Tumalano ya noka ya Sand]] * [[Ntwa ya bobedi ya Maburu]] == Metswedi == 35w3l4agten7fv3pldpo6v1i9jgxvx7 0 13414 50321 2026-06-08T12:35:03Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA YOBE 50321 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Yobe''', e e itsiweng gape jaaka Komadougou Yobe gape e bidiwa Komadugu kgotsa Komadougou-Yobe (French: Komadougou Yobé), ke noka kwa Afrika Bophirima e e elelang mo Letsheng la Chad ka Nigeria le Niger. <ref>"Niger". ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica,_Inc.|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on 2008-06-17. Retrieved 2007-05-13</ref><ref name=":0">[https://www.britannica.com/place/Komadugu-Yobe-River "Komadugu Yobe River"]. ''www.britannica.com''. Archived from the original on 2023-07-07. Retrieved 2023-09-22</ref>Dinoka tsa yone di akaretsa Noka ya Hadejia, Noka ya Jama'are, <ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9038730/Hadejia "Hadejia"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica Online''. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Archived from the original on 2008-05-27. Retrieved 2007-05-13.</ref>le Noka ya Komadugu Gana. <ref>[https://ng.africabz.com/yobe/river "Top 10 Best River in Yobe reviews"]. ''ng.africabz.com''. Retrieved 2023-07-28</ref>Noka e bopa karolo e nnye ya molelwane wa boditšhabatšhaba magareng ga Niger le Nigeria ka 95 miles (150 km) mme e elela palogotlhe ya 200 miles (320 km).<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:Komadougou Foureau II.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Yobe ka ngwaga wa 1900]] Go na le matshwenyego ka ga diphetogo mo tseleng e noka e elelang ka yone, ikonomi le tikologo ka ntlha ya matamo a a kwa godimo ga noka, a magolo go gaisa a a leng teng ga jaana ke Letamo la Tiga kwa Naga ya Kano, mme go ntse go buisanwa ka dithulaganyo tsa Letamo la Kafin Zaki kwa Naga ya Bauchi.<ref>Kole Ahmed Shettima. [http://pi.library.yorku.ca/ojs/index.php/refuge/article/viewFile/21922/20591 "Dam Politics in Northern Nigeria: The Case of the Kafin Zaki Dam"]. York University, Canada. Archived from the original on 2013-01-10. Retrieved 2009-10-01</ref> Noka ya Yobe e tlamela ka tsela ya go itshedisa ya makgolokgolo a diketekete tsa batho ba ba dirang mo mefuteng e e farologaneng ya kgwebo le temothuo go bapa le boleele jwa yona jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mabedi (200) kwa kgaolong ya bokone ya mmuso, e e akaretsang dikgaolo tse supa tsa puso ya selegae (LGAs) go tswa Nguru go ya Yunusari.<ref>[https://dailytrust.com/river-yobe-and-climate-change/ "River Yobe and climate change".] ''Daily Trust''. 2021-06-16. Archived from the original on 2023-07-12. Retrieved 2023-07-12.</ref> Ditoropo tse di itsegeng tse di gaufi le noka eno di akaretsa Gashua, Geidam, le Damasak kwa Nigeria, le Diffa kwa Niger. == Kgotlelo == Banni bangwe ba kwa magaeng kwa Yobe ba ngongoregetse gore dikhemikale le matlakala di kgotletse metswedi e e farologaneng ya metsi mo metseng ya bone, e leng selo se se kotsi mo matshelong a batho.<ref>[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/nnorth-east/141355-rural-dwellers-in-yobe-raise-alarm-on-water-pollution.html "Rural dwellers in Yobe raise alarm on water pollution"]. ''Premium Times''. Archived from the original on 2023-11-12. Retrieved 2023-09-15</ref> Diteko tsa metsi di ne tsa dirwa mo Nokeng ya Yobe ka nako ya dipula tsa matlakadibe le dipaka tsa komelelo kwa Nguru, Gashua, Azbak, Dumsai le Wachakal. Diteko tseno di ne tsa sekasekwa go bona gore a go na le diminerale tse di mo go tsone tse di jaaka Zn, Pb, Fe, Mn le Mg go dirisiwa Nuclear Assimilation Spectrometry (AAS) fa Na, Ca le K tsone di ne tsa sekasekwa go dirisiwa Fire Emanation Spectrometry (FES). == Metswedi == hzkmxf0f70axt82snah4cp2id95t7z7 0 13415 50322 2026-06-08T12:39:20Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Vet #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50322 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Vet''' (e ka teme ya [[Afrikaans]] e bidiwang Vetrivier, "noka e e nonneng") ke motswedi o o kwa bophirima wa [[noka ya Vaal]] kwa legareng la [[Aforika Borwa]]. Metswedi ya yone a fa gare ga Marquard le Clocolan, noka ya Vet e elela ka mashetla kwa bokone bophirima go kopana le ya Vaal kwa letamong la Bloemhof gaufi le Hoopstad. Letamo la Erfenis le agilwe mo nokeng e go nosa toropo ya Theunissen.<ref>Op pad in Suid-Afrika. 1995. Bl 263</ref> == Kwa e tshelang teng == [[Setshwantsho:10 of 'History of the Boers in South Africa ... with three maps' (11189449154), crop.jpg|left|thumb|Noka ya Vet (legare kwa mojeng) mo mmepeng wa 1887]] {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Vet|image_name=Bloemhof Dam. View from the Freestate side.jpg|caption=[[Letamo la Bloemhof]], kwa bokopanong jwa Vet le [[noka ya Vaal]]|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka ya Vet|mouth=[[Noka ya Vaal]]|location=[[Letamo la Bloemhof]]|mouth_elevation=1,241 m (4,072 ft)|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|left_tribs=|right_tribs=[[Noka ya Sand]]}} E tshela thata kwa nokeng ya Sand e e e kopantsang go tswa kwa botlhaba. Noka ya Vet ya boammaruri e tlhamiwa kwa bokopanong jwa Klein Vet le Groot Vet go tswa ka letamong la Erfenis.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA9MiddleVaal.jpg Middle Vaal WMA 9]</ref> == Metswedi == qal0zfc84nr0ty8tckepmk4ix921nxu 0 13416 50323 2026-06-08T12:55:13Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranoste tsebe ya Ntwa ya Noka ya Zand #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50323 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ntwa ya noka ya Zand''', e e itsegeng gape ka leina la ntwa ya noka ya Sand e ne e le puisano gareng ga sesole sa kwa [[Britain]] ka fa tlase ga ga Lord Roberts se se neng sa lebagana le sa Maburu, se se neng se eteletswe pele ke Louis Botha.<ref>Gordon, Allan (2020-05-11). [https://www.battletoursza.com/battle-of-sand-river-zand-river-11-may-1900/ "Battle of Sand River (Zand River) - 11 May 1900".] ''Battle Tours ZA''. Retrieved 2026-06-08</ref> Maburu a ne a beile dikganedi kwa nokeng, sekgala sa di maele di le masome mabedi, go thibela ba Britain go goroga kwa Kroonstad le [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]]. == Tse di diragetseng pele == Fa e sale ka Tlhakole 1900, Maburu a ne a gana ka kgaolo ya Orange Free State. Morago ga ntwa ya paardberg e baka go ineela ga sesole sa ga piet Cronje, Lord Roberts o ne a simolola mogwanto kwa Bloemfontein. Mogwanto o ne wa baka go goroga kwa bophirima ga sesole sa Britain ba tswa Kimberley ba setse morago noka ya Modder go ya kwa toropokgolo. Ka Mopitlo a le lesome le boraro, letsholo le le ne la fela, ba Britain ba thibelela kwa [[Bloemfontein]].<ref name=":0">Conan Doyle, Arthur (September 1902). [[wikisource:The_Great_Boer_War/Chapter_20|"The Great Boer War - Chapter 20"]]. ''en.wikisource.org''. Retrieved 2026-06-08</ref><ref>de Wet, Christiaan (1902). "[https://www.angloboerwar.com/books/74-de-wet-three-years-war/1520-de-wet-chapter-vii-the-wild-flight-from-poplar-grove Three Years' War - Chapter 7]". ''www.angloboerwar.com''. Retrieved 2026-06-08</ref> Go tswa foo, o ne a tsaya tshwetso ya go baakanya borwa botlhaba jwa Orange Free State, a emisa go tswelela pele mo dibekeng di le thataro. Sesole sa boremelelo se ne sa sala kwa Bloemfontein ka sesole sa mophato wa bosupa se thibeletse kwa Karee Siding,<ref name=":0" /> kwa go neng go le di maele di le masome mabedi kwa bokone jwa torpokgolo. Sesole se se neng se eteletswe pele ke Ian Hamilton le John French se ne sa tsoma sesole sa maburu kwa borwa, se dirilwe ke mephato ya bokolone le bapagami ba dipitse. Ka Mopitlo, Moranang le Motsheganong a simologa, ba Britain ba ne ba ganyaola kgaolo e e neng e gogiwa ke Christiaan de Welt. Fa Motsheganonga simologa, kganyaolo ya Orange Fre State e ne e fedile, ka jalo Lord Roberts a tsaya tshwetso ya go isa sesole sa gagwe kwa bokone gaufi le Pretoria.<ref>Conan Doyle, Arthur (September 1902). [[wikisource:The_Great_Boer_War/Chapter_23|"The Great Boer War - Chapter 23".]] ''Wikisource''. Retrieved 2026-05-08</ref> == Metswedi == 799zzf6hyrdg6zmckgurlibsef09954 0 13417 50324 2026-06-08T13:02:02Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Modder #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Modder|image_name=Modder River pontoon bridge.jpg|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|caption=Borogo jwa pantuni kwa nokeng ya Modder ka 1899|map_caption=Molomo wa noka ya Modder|mouth=[[Noka ya Riet]]|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|location=[[Free State]] [[Kapa Bokone]]|mouth_elevation=1,114 m (3,655 ft)}} '''Noka ya Modder''' ke noka e e kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. E tshela kwa nokeng ya Riet<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA13UpperOrange.jpg Upper Orange WMA 13]</ref> e e leng bontlha jwa molelwane gareng ga [[Kapa Bokone]] le [[Free State]]. Matshitshi a noka e ke kwa go neng go lwelwa teng ka tshimologo ya ntwa ya bobedi ya Maburu le ntwa ya noka ya Modder. Go na le lefelo la temo le le bidiwang " Modder River" kwa bokone jwa bokopano jwa dinoka tsa Modder le Riet.<ref>[https://plak.co.za/404 Modder River - Description]</ref><ref>''Padlangs deur Suid-Afrika.'' 2010 ISBN 978-1-77007-751-5</ref> Noka ya Modder e dirisediwa go nosetsa, yone le letamo la Krugersdrift gaufi le Bloemfontein. == Metswedi == 9ofuvjfk3iky2oa2y3nisposhbd6b1g 0 13418 50325 2026-06-08T13:04:48Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE TSETSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA NUN 50325 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:STS61C-42-72 (north) annotated.svg|thumb|'''STS61C-42-72 (north) annotated''']] '''Noka ya Nun''', gape e itsiwe jaaka Rio Nun, ke noka kwa Bayelsa State, [[Nigeria]].<ref>ed, Uma Eleazu, general (1988). ''Nigeria, the first 25 years''. Port Harcourt, Rivers State: Infodata [u.a.] ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9781296151|<bdi>9781296151</bdi>.]]</ref><ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Nun-River "Nun River | Nigeria, West Africa, Niger Delta | Britannica"]. ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 13 September 2023</ref>Noka e bopega fa Noka ya Niger e arogana gabedi kwa Toru-Abubou, gaufi le Agbere Town kwa Sagbama Local Government Area ya Bayelsa State, e bopa Noka ya Nun le Noka ya Forcados .<ref>Toromade, Samson (25 September 2022). [https://www.zikoko.com/citizen/rivers-in-nigeria/ "These Nigerian Rivers Have the Weirdest Names".] ''Zikoko''</ref> Fa e tswa mo nokeng ya yone ya motsadi, e leng Niger, Nune e elela dikilometara di ka nna 160 (100 mi) kwa borwa go ya kwa Kgogometsong ya Guinea kwa Akassa.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Nun-River "Nun River | river, Nigeria | Britannica".] ''www.britannica.com''</ref><ref>[https://guardian.ng/opinion/dredging-escravos-channel-to-boost-nigerias-economy/ "Dredging Escravos channel to boost Nigeria's economy".] ''The Guardian''. Lagos, Nigeria. 1 November 2018. Retrieved 22 July 2023.</ref>Tsela ya yone e ralala mafelo a a nang le batho ba le mmalwa le mafelo a a nang le ditlhatshana.<ref name=":0">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/422471/Nun-River "Nun River"]. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 17 July 2013.</ref> Mo ngwagakgolong wa bo 19, Nun e ne e le lefelo la kgwebo magareng ga Yuropa le batho ba Ba-Igbo ba ba neng ba nna kwa Aboh. <ref>[https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/03/31/the-river-nun-called-and-gabriel-okara-answered-at-last? "THE RIVER NUN CALLED, AND GABRIEL OKARA ANSWERED AT LAST…".] ''This Day''. Retrieved 30 May 2025</ref>Hisitori ya kgwebo ya noka eno e simolotse ka kgwebo ya makgoba mme moragonyana e ne ya emisediwa ka go romelwa ga lookwane lwa mokolane. Le fa go ntse jalo, kwa tshimologong ya lekgolo leno la dingwaga, noka eno e ne ya tlala ka seretse se sentsi, mme se ne sa kgoreletsa tsela ya go feta. <ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-the-Niger-Delta-showing-the-Nun-River-Nun-River_fig1_312039763 "Map of the Niger Delta showing the Nun River Nun River".]</ref>Morago ga moo, bagwebi ba ne ba simolola go dirisa metsi a a bonwang motlhofo a Noka ya Forcados.<ref name=":0" /> Noka ya Nun e sa ntse e le teng ka bosakhutleng mo maboko a ga Gabriel Okara. Thothokiso ya gagwe ya The Call of the River Nun ke poko e e supang go tlhologelelwa noka e e fetang ka ntlo ya gagwe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110719185735/http://www.shvoong.com/books/poetry/1760891-river-nun/ "The Call of the River Nun"]. ''www.shvoong.com''. Archived from the original on 19 July 2011</ref> == Kgotlelo == Kgotlelo e e bakilweng ke go tshologa ga oli e ntse e le motswedi wa dikgotlhang tsa boditšhabatšhaba mo kgaolong ya Niger Delta kwa Nigeria. Ditlamorago tsa go tshologa ga oli e e sa tlhotlhiwang go go diragalang gangwe le gape mo mefuteng ya dikhemikale tsa mmele, dikhemikale tsa ditshedi tse dinnye le dikhemikale tsa metsi tsa noka ya Nun, e e leng motswedi o mogolo wa metsi a a nowang, dijo le ditiro tsa boitapoloso tsa baagi mo kgaolong eno. <ref>Ifelebuegu, A. O.; Ukpebor, J. E.; Ahukannah, A. U.; Nnadi, E. O.; Theophilus, S. C. (20 March 2017). [https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/environmental-effects-of-crude-oil-spill-on-the-physicochemical-a/ "Environmental effects of crude oil spill on the physicochemical and hydrobiological characteristics of the Nun River, Niger Delta".] ''Environmental Monitoring and Assessment''. '''189''' (4): 173. doi:10.1007/s10661-017-5882-x. ISSN 0167-6369</ref>Go ne ga tsewa disampole mo mafelong a le marataro a go tsewang disampole mo go one mo karolong e e kwa tlase ya Noka ya Nun mo lobakeng lwa dibeke di le tharo. Go ne ga tlhatlhobiwa themperetšha, letswai la pH, go nna letobo ga metsi, palogotlhe ya dilo tse di kitlaneng, palogotlhe ya dilo tse di kitlaneng tse di tlhakatlhakaneng, okosejene e e tlhakatlhakaneng, phosphate, nitrate, dimetale tse di bokete, BTEX, PAHs le dikhemikale tsa megare le plankton go tlhomamisa boleng le selekanyo sa go senyega ga noka. Diphelelo tse di fitlheletsweng di ne tsa bapisiwa le dintlha tsa kwa tshimologong tse di tswang mo dipatlisisong, mo ditekanyetsong tsa bosetšhaba le tsa boditšhabatšhaba. Dipatlisiso tse di dirilweng ka dilo tse di mo mmung le tsa dikhemikale di bontshitse gore metsi a noka eno a senyegile thata ka ntlha ya ditiro tsa go ntsha oli. Go tlhakatlhakana ga metsi, TDS, TSS, DO, conductivity le dimetale tse di bokete (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni le Zn) di ne di le kwa godimo ga ditekanyetso tsa bosetšhaba le tsa boditšhabatšhaba tsa metsi a a nowang a a siametseng boitekanelo jwa diphologolo tsa mo metsing. Gape di ne di le kwa godimo thata go feta maemo a kwa tshimologong a noka eno. Gape, go ne go na le diphetogo tse di bonalang mo go fitoplankton, zooplankton le dipharologano tsa ditshedinyana tse dinnye ka ntlha ya kgotlelo ya oli go kgabaganya mafelo a sampole.<ref>Ifelebuegu, Augustine O.; Ukpebor, Justina E.; Ahukannah, Anita U.; Nnadi, Ernest O.; Theophilus, Stephen C. (April 2017). "Environmental effects of crude oil spill on the physicochemical and hydrobiological characteristics of the Nun River, Niger Delta". ''Environmental Monitoring and Assessment''. '''189''' (4): 173. Bibcode:2017EMnAs.189..[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EMnAs.189..173I 173I. doi:10.1007/s10661-017-5882-x]. ISSN 1573-2959. <nowiki>PMID 28321680</nowiki>.</ref> == Tlelaemete == Nun Rivers e na le tlelaemete ya 24°C mme palogare ya themperetšha ya metsi ke 24°C.<ref>[https://www.tideschart.com/Nigeria/Bayelsa/Brass/Nun-Entrance-Niger-River/Weather/ "Get Nun Entrance Niger River weather forecast for the week".] ''www.tideschart.com''. Retrieved 20 September 2023</ref> == Ditiragalo == Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le masome a mabedi le bosupa (27) ka ngwaga wa 2017, The Nun e ne ya thuba mabopo a yone bosigo jotlhe mme ya nwetsa matlo a bonno go bapa le lebopo la yone kwa Yenagoa, motsemoshate wa Bayelsa.<ref>[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/south-south-regional/244388-flood-river-nun-overflows-bank-submerges-communities-yenagoa.html?tztc=1 "Flood: River Nun overflows bank, submerges communities in Yenagoa".] ''Premium Times''. Retrieved 16 July 2023.</ref> == Metswedi == Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e e lesome le borataro (16) ka ngwaga wa 2019, babegadikgang ba le bane ba ba neng ba boa kwa seteišeneng sa go bouta, ba ne ba falodisiwa fa mokoro wa bone o ne o thubegile.<ref>Report, Agency (16 November 2019). [https://punchng.com/bayelsa-gov-election-journalists-rescued-from-drowning-as-boat-capsizes-in-nun-river/ "Bayelsa gov election: Journalists rescued as boat capsizes in Nun River".] ''The Punch''. Retrieved 16 July 2023.</ref> 8jpa68xtd975d2nue9sa3611n69c2ai 0 13419 50326 2026-06-08T13:14:34Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Ebola 50326 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Mouth of the Ebola (2025-04-03 Sentinel-2 L2A True color).png|thumb|Noka ya Ebola]] '''Noka ya Ebola''' (/iˌboʊlə/ or /əˈboʊlə/),<ref>[https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Ebola "Ebola | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary"]. ''Cambridge English Dictionary''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210729180544/https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=ebola Archived] from the original on 2018-01-24. Retrieved 2020-04-15.</ref><ref>[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ebola "Ebola | meaning in the Cambridge English Dictionary"]. ''Cambridge English Dictionary''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180124205104/http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ebola Archived] from the original on 2018-01-24. Retrieved 2020-04-15.</ref>e e itsegeng gape ka leina la yona la Ngbandi '''Legbala''',<ref>Tanghe, Basile; Vangele, A. (June 1939). [http://www.aequatoria.be/04common/020publications_pdf/Aequatoria%201939.pdf#page=64 "Région de la Haute Ebola: Notes d'histoire (1890-1900)"] (PDF). ''[[:en:Aequatoria|Aequatoria]]'' (in French). '''2''' (6): 61–65. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/25837382 25837382.] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200711063728/http://www.aequatoria.be/04common/020publications_pdf/Aequatoria%201939.pdf#page=64 Archived] (PDF) from the original on 2020-07-11. Retrieved 2020-02-03.</ref> ke mogogoro wa Noka ya Mongala, e e leng nngwe ya dinokana tsa Noka ya Congo, kwa bokone jwa Democratic Republic of the Congo. E boleele jwa dikilometara di ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano. Lebitso la Ebola ke kgoriso ya Sefora ya Legbala, lebitso la yona ka Ngbandi e bolelang 'metsi a masweu'.<ref name=":0">Wordsworth, Dot (25 October 2014). [https://web.archive.org/web/20191201184826/https://www.spectator.co.uk/2014/10/how-ebola-got-its-name/ "How Ebola got its name"]. ''[[:en:The_Spectator|The Spectator]]''. Archived from [https://www.spectator.co.uk/2014/10/how-ebola-got-its-name/ the original] on 1 December 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2014.</ref> Ka nako ya tsamaiso ya Belgium maina a a ne a ka fetolwa mmogo le maina a Sefora a Eau Blanchele ka sewelo L'Ébola.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaag wa selete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borataro, mogare wa Ebola o ne wa lemogiwa la ntlha kwa Yambuku, dikilometara di le lekgolo le lesome le motso(69 mi) go tswa kwa Nokeng ya Ebola, mme moitseanape wa mogare Karl Johnson o ne a swetsa go o taya leina la noka eo gore toropo eo e se ka ya amanngwa le bolwetse jono. <ref name=":0" /> Ka jalo, noka eno e bidiwa ka maina a a tshwanang le a Ebola virus, Ebolavirus, le bolwetse jwa Ebola virus (jo gantsi bo bidiwang fela "Ebola").<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-28922290 "Ebola outbreak confirmed by DR Congo".] ''[[:en:BBC_News|BBC News]]''. 2014-08-25. [https://web.archive.org/web/20181228135106/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-28922290 Archived] from the original on 2018-12-28. Retrieved 2018-06-21.</ref> == Metswedi == rmkk59lv9uj0yo8oekvk5nygfa4gklz 0 13420 50327 2026-06-08T13:15:59Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE TSENTSE TSEBE YA CESTOS 50327 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Cestos''', e e itsiweng gape ka '''Nuon''' kgotsa Noka ya '''Nipoué''', <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120205194252/http://www.tlcafrica.com/tlc_rivers.htm "Liberia Waterways".] The Liberian Connection. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 8 August 2014</ref>ke noka e e simololang kwa Nimba Range ya Guinea mme e elela go ya kwa borwa go bapa le molelwane wa Ivory Coast, go tswa foo e elela go ya kwa borwa-bophirima go ralala sekgwa sa pula sa Liberia go ya kwa kgogometsong kwa Lewatleng la Atlantic koo toropo ya Cestos e leng teng. Nare ya pygmy e itsege ka go nna mo mafelong a a fa thoko ga noka.<ref>Ramsar Sites Information Service. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110728174712/http://ramsar.wetlands.org/Portals/15/LIBERIA.pdf "Wetlands International Ramsar Sites Information Service: Liberia"] (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2008-08-02</ref>E dira karolo ya boraro ya kwa bokone ya molelwane wa boditšhabatšhaba magareng ga Liberia le Ivory Coast. [[Setshwantsho:Liberia Cestos River.png|thumb|Noka ya Cestos ko Liberia]] Ka nako ya Ntwa ya Ntlha ya Selegae ya Liberia, karolo ya noka gaufi le toropo ya Cestos e ne e le lefelo le legolo la go ntsha dijo le diminerale tsa National Patriotic Front ya Liberia.<ref>[[:en:Cestos_River#cite_ref-5|"Rivercess Falls to Allied Forces".]] ''Monrovia Daily News'', 1993-05-10, 1/6.</ref> == Metswedi == rl0vy6up3m42s0fwuntigk8n0z62gbe 0 13421 50328 2026-06-08T13:36:10Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Crocodile #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|river_name=Noka ya Crocodile|image_name=Krokodilrivier, a, Phalandingwe.jpg|caption=Noka ya Crocodile kwa Pelindaba, kwa [[Bokone Bophirima]]|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka ya Crocodile|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|location=[[Gauteng]]|origin=[[Witwatersrand]]|mouth=[[Noka ya Limpopo]]}} '''Noka ya Crocodile''' (e ka Setswana e bidiwang Oodi<ref>Morton, Fred. [https://www.academia.edu/7147078 "Fenders of Space: Kgatla Territorial Expansion Under Boer and British Rule, 1840–1920".] ''Indigenous Southern African Responses to Colonialism, 1840-1930'': 21–46.</ref> ka Afrikans e bidiwa Krokodilrivier) ke noka kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Kwa bokopanong jwa yone le noka ya Marico, go thaga noka ya Limpopo.<ref>[https://www.fao.org/4/y5744e/y5744e07.htm Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin]</ref> == Metswedi ya yone == [[Setshwantsho:Hartbeespoort Dam, North West (South Africa).jpg|thumb|Go golela pele ga bolelele go fokotsa boleng jwa metsi kwa letamong la Hartbeespoort]] Noka ya Crocodile e na le motswedi kwa thoteng ya [[Witwatersrand]], e simolotse kwa Constantia Kloof, kwa Roodepoort, kwa kgaolong ya [[Gauteng|Gauteng.]] Letamo la ntlha mo nokeng e ke letamo la Lake Heritage kwa bophirima jwa maemelo a difofane a Lanseria. Kwa bokone jwa maemelo a a difofane ke kwa bokopanong jwa noka e le noka ya Jukskei. Fa o ya kwa tlase kwa kgaolongya Bokone Bophirima ke matamo a Hartbeespoort le Roodekoppies. Fa o sena go feta Hartbeespoort, molatswana o feta toropo ya Brits. Noka ya Elands e kopana le letamo la Vaalkop, dikhilomithara di le masome mabedi mo nokeng ya pienaars e kopana le lotshitshi lwa yone lo lo mo mojeng, morago ga go tswa mo letamong la Klipvoor. Kwa [[Kgaolo ya Limpopo|kgaolong ya Limpopo]],dikhilomithara di le masome mararo le botlhano, noka e feta toropo ya Thabazimbi e bo e ralala lefelo le le se nang batho ba le bantsi pele ga e kopana le noka ya Marico kwa bophirima kwa Rooibokkraal kwa kgaolo ya Bokone Bophirima e felelang teng go simolola [[Limpopo River|noka ya Limpopo]].<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Projects/MCWAP/documents/EIAphase1Appendices/Appendix%20H/Appendix%20H3/Mokolo%20Crocodile%20Water%20Augmentation%20Project%20-%20Report.pdf Mokolo and Crocodile River (West)]</ref> == Tse di tshelang mo go yone == Dinoka tse di tshelang mo nokeng ya Crocodile di akaretsa Bloubankspruit, [[noka ya Hennops]], [[noka ya Jukskei]], Magalies, Sterkstroom, Rosespruit, Skeerpoort, Kareespruit, [[Noka ya Elands]], Birspruit le noka ya Sunday.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA3CrocMarico.jpg Crocodile/Marico WMA 3]</ref> == Kgotlhelesego == Noka ya Crocodile ke nngwe ya dinoka tse di kgotlhelesegileng thata kwa Aforika Borwa. Ditlamorago tsa kgotlhelesego go tswa mo mafelong a setoropo a mabedi a Aforika Borwa ebong Johannesburg le Tshwane, di nnile maswe thata mo tikologong. Matlakala a a sa tshwarweng sentle a madirelo, meepo, temothuo le a matlo, a isitse seemo sa boleng jwa metsi kwa tlase mme se sa baka go gola ga bolele mo letamong la Hartbeespoort le la Roodeskoppies. Dimela tse di sa batlegeng di amile tsamaiso eo thata. Ditsela tsa go lema le o rua tse di sa siamang di bakile go nna gontsi ga masalela le kgothego ya mmu mo go amileng noka le go feta. [[Setshwantsho:South Africa-Hartbeespoot dam05.jpg|thumb|Letamo la Haartbeespoort]] == Matamo == Noka ya Crocodile ke bontlha jwa letamo la Crocodile (kwa Bophirima) le lefelo la bookamedi jwa metsi kwa Maric. Matamo a a mo kgampung e ke: * [[Letamo la Hartbeespoort]] * [[Letamo la Roodekoppies]] * [[Letamo la Rietvlei]], mo nokeng ya Rietvlei * [[Letamo la Bon Accord]] le la Leeukraal mo nokeng ya Apies * [[Letamo la Vaalkop]], mo nokeng ya Elands * [[Letamo la Bospoort,]] kwa nokeng ya Hex == Metswedi == 6cxlze3kt6yfctt1gx1b6kqdriya5og 0 13422 50329 2026-06-08T13:53:45Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Marico #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|river_name=Noka ya Marico|image_name=River, Madikwe Game Reserve.jpg|name=Madikwa|caption=Madikwe Game Reserve|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka ya Marico|mouth=[[Noka ya Limpopo]]|origin=Marico Oog|location=gaufi le [[Oliphant's Drift]] kwa molelwaneng wa [[Aforika Borwa]] le [[Botswana]]}} '''Noka ya Marico''' ke noka e e kwa borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]]. Go na le matamo a le mmalwa mo kgampung ya yone.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120417215531/http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/RiverNWMarico/defaultdam.htm "Major dams in the Marico River".] Archived from [https://ewisa.co.za/ the original] on 17 April 2012. Retrieved 08 June 2026</ref> Toropo ya Groot Marico e reeletswe ka leina la noka ya Marico.<ref>[http://www.marico.co.za/ Marico - Africa at its best]</ref> Fa e sena go kopana le [[Noka ya Crocodile (Limpopo)|noka ya Crocodile]] mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa mojeng e bdiwa [[Limpopo River|noka ya Limpopo]]. == Ka fa e tsamayang ka teng == Noka e e simolola e le noka ya Groot Marico kwa Marico Oog, gaufi le Rustenburg le Swartruggens kwa kgaolong ya Bokone Bophirima jwa Aforika Borwa. Motswedi wa noka e ke lefuti le letona mo lefatsheng le le nang le metsi a a phepa, le gape e leng lefelo le go tsenwang mo metsing ka lone.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170216062129/http://gauteng.guesthouses.co.za/Gauteng_Info-travel/south-africa-info-groot-marico.html "South Africa Information: Groot Marico".] Archived from [http://gauteng.guesthouses.co.za/Gauteng_Info-travel/south-africa-info-groot-marico.html the original] on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 08 June 2026</ref> E elelela kwa bokone e le Great Marico e tswelele go kopana le noka ya Klein Marico.<ref>[https://travelingluck.com/index.html#local_map Klein-Maricorivier, North-West, South Africa]</ref> Ka lobakanyana e bidiwa noka ya Madikwene, mme morago ga noka ya Sehubyane e kopane le lotshitshi lwa yone lo lo mo molemeng, e boele mo leineng la Marico.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA3CrocMarico.jpg Crocodile (West) & Marico WMA 3]</ref> E tswelela ka go elelela kwa bokone, e konega kwa bokone botlhaba e tlhame molelwane gareng ga Aforika Borwa le Botswana. Kwa tlase e kopana le noka ya Crocodile kwa mojeng leina la molatswana morago ga bokopano joo e nnanoka ya Limpopo. Dikhilomitahar di le tlhano morago ga bokopano noka ya Notwane e kopana le Limpopo kwa borwa botlhaba.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140903061212/http://www.sardc.net/imercsa/limpopo/fsheet1/drainage.htm "Limpopo Drainage Network".] Archived from [https://www.sardc.net/imercsa/limpopo/fsheet1/drainage.htm the original] on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 08 June 2026</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Limpopo watershed topo.png|thumb|Go tsamaya ga noka ya Limpopo]] [[Setshwantsho:Marico Oog.jpg|thumb|Leitlho la Marico, motswedi wa noka ya Marico]] == Matamo a a mo kgampung ya noka == Noka ya Marico ke bontlha jwa noka ya Crocodile (kwa bophirima0 le lefelo la Marico la bookamedi jwa metsi kwa Marico. Matamo a a mo kgampung ya noka e ke: * [[Letamo la Molatedi]] * [[Letamo la Kromellenboog]] * [[Letamo la Marico-Bosveld]] * [[Letamo la Uitkyk]] * [[Letamo la klein-Maricopoort]] * [[Letamo la Sehujwane]] * [[Letamo la Madikwe]] == Metswedi == nsib1294o8chndx5ciol1qjuxf16ogo 0 13423 50330 2026-06-08T14:02:18Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Kwango 50330 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Tazua.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Kwango]] Noka ya '''Cuango''' kgotsa '''Kwango''' (Portuguese; French) ke noka e e kgabaganyang melelwane ya Angola le [[Democratic Republic of Congo]]. Ke noka e tona go di feta tsotlhe mo nokeng ya Kasai mo nokeng ya Congo.<ref name=":0">[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River. "Kwango River".] Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 24 January 2011.</ref> <ref name=":1">[http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River "Kwango".] The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia. Retrieved 24 January 2011.</ref>E elela ka Malanje kwa Angola. Mokgatsha wa Noka ya Kwango o na le metswedi e mentsi ya ditaemane mo Cluster ya Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite kwa [[Lunda Norte Province]], e e bonweng mo molelwaneng o motona wa noka le mo matlwaneng le mo matlwaneng mo dipoeng tsa yone tsa merwalela.<ref name=":2">[http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html "Kwango River Project".] BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L. Retrieved 24 January 2011.</ref> Mo ngwagakgolong wa bo lesome le borataro , Noka ya Kwango e ne e bidiwa gape gore ke Quango, segolo thata mo ditirong tsa mmatlisisi [[David Livingstone.]] <ref>Livingstone, Justin D. (2019). [https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript "Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript"]. ''Livingstone Online''. Retrieved 6 April 2025.</ref> == Ditso == Bogosi jwa Rund, jo bo neng jwa gola go nna Mmusomogolo wa Lunda, bo ne bo akaretsa naga e e simololang kwa Nokeng ya Kwango go ya kwa Nokeng ya Luapula. Babusi ba yone ba ne ba nna le seabe mo kgwebong ya makgoba. <ref>Bethwell A. Ogot (July 1992)[https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&pg=PA601 . ''Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century'']. UNESCO. pp. 580, 601, 605. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-3-101711-7|978-92-3-101711-7]]</bdi>. Retrieved 24 January 2011.</ref>Go atologa ga Lunda mo moolapong go ne ga rotloetsa ngwao-boswa e e tshwanang ya sepolotiki le setso fa gape go rotloetsa kgwebo ya makgoba, e e neng e le ka ntlha ya go nna le palo e e kwa tlase ya batho magareng ga dinoka tsa Kwango le [[Kwilu]]. <ref>Ogot, p.607</ref> Mapotokisi ba ne ba nna mo molapong wa Noka ya Kwango mme ba gapa bogosi jwa Kasanje.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100308180859/http://www.history.com/topics/angola "Angola"]. History.com. Archived from [http://www.history.com/topics/angola the original] on 8 March 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2011.</ref> Noka ya Kwango e ne e le ka fa tlase ga tumelano ya Sepotokisi e e neng ya bewa monwana kwa Lisbon ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ele masome a mabedi le botlhano,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le motso , le Kgoeletso kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le masome a mabedi le bone,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le bone.<ref>Brownlie, Ian; Burns, Ian R. (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Du4k0udx4C&pg=PA492 ''African boundaries: a legal and diplomatic encyclopaedia''.] C. Hurst. p. 492. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-903983-87-7|978-0-903983-87-7]]</bdi>. Retrieved 25 January 2011.</ref> [[Cuango,]] e e kwa Porofenseng ya Lunda Norte mo Molapong wa Noka ya Cuango, e tsewa e le "kwa bogareng jwa diamond ya bokonebotlhaba jwa Angola", e leng lefelo le le humileng thata ka ditaemane kwa Angola. Toropo eno e ne ya nna le seabe sa botlhokwa mo Ntweng ya Selegae ya Angola, fa Uniao Nacional para a Independencia Total de Angola (UNITA) le masole a puso a ne a leka go gapa toropo eno. UNITA e ne ya neela puso toropo ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ,ngwaga wa sekete.makgolo a robabobgwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa , jaaka karolo ya [[Lusaka Protocol]].<ref name=":3">James, W. Martin; Broadhead, Susan Herlin (2004). ''[[iarchive:historicaldictio0000jame|Historical dictionary of Angola]]''. Scarecrow Press. pp. 41–. ISBN <bdi>9[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-4940-2|78-0-8108-4940-2]]</bdi>. Retrieved 25 January 2011.</ref> == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == [[Setshwantsho:Kwango River.png|thumb|Moalo wa Noka ya Kwango]] Noka ya Cuango e tswa kwa dithabeng tsa Alto Chicapa kwa porofenseng ya Angola ya Lunda Sul, mme e elela go ya kwa borwa-bokone-bophirima, e kgabaganya molelwane le Democratic Republic of Congo, mme e kopana le Noka ya Kasai gaufi le toropo ya Bandundo. Morago ga moo, e wela mo Nokeng ya Congo. <ref name=":3" />Noka eno e tlhatlogela kwa Lunda plateau, e bo e bopa melapo e e boteng. Noka ya Kwango e boleele jwa 1,100 kilometres (680 mi) go tswa kwa motsweding wa yone go ya kwa motsweding wa yone le [[Noka ya Congo|Noka ya Congo,]] mme makgolo robabobedi le masome a matlhano le botlhano 855 a dikhilimitara(531 mi) ya yone e kwa Angola. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />Noka eno e na le kgaolo e e nang le metsi e e ka nnang disekwerekilometara di le 263 500 (101 700). Noka ya yone e e kafa mojeng ke noka ya Wamba le ya Kwilu. <ref name=":4">[http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River "Kwango".] Retrieved 24 January 2011.</ref> === Go tsamaya ka sekepe === Cuango e na le diphefo tse dintsi le dinoka tse di kitlaneng. <ref name=":4" /> Go kgona go tsamaya ka sekepe go fitlhelelwa thata mo karolong e e kwa tlase ya noka, e e akaretsang boleele jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le bosupa (191 mi) go tswa mo molomong wa yone go ya kwa matlhakoreng a noka ya Kingushi. Go tsamaya ka sekepe go go sa felelang gape go a kgonega mo dikarolong tse di fa gare tsa noka magareng ga Kingushi le diphororo tsa Franz Josef mo sekgaleng sa dikilometara tse di ka nnang makgolo a mararo (190 mi).<ref name=":4" /> === Metswedi ya metsi === Go elela ga metsi mo nokeng eno go direga kakgwedi ya Phatwe . Palogare ya metsi a a tshologang ka ngwaga mo karolong e e kwa tlase ya noka ke 2,700 cubic meters per second (95,000 cu ft/s) [1]<ref name=":4" /> == Setso == Mo molapong wa noka eno go nna ditlhopha tsa merafe ya Ba-Yaka, Ba-Suku, Ba-Mbala le Ba-Pende. Bokgoni jwa bone jwa go dira ka diatla bo bonwa mo sebopegong sa ditshwantsho tse di gabilweng tsa di-mask tse di nang le dipopego tsa geometric tsa ditshwantsho, le dilo tse dingwe tse di gabilweng.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River. "Kwango River"]. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 24 January 2011.</ref> == Itsholelo == Le fa noka e dirisetswa go tshwara ditlhapi,<ref name=":4" /> molapo o tlhabologile go fitlha mo go tlameleng temothuo fela. Se se botlhokwa go ya ka ditso ke go dirwa ga oli ya palema le rabara. <ref>Fish, Bruce; Fish, Becky Durost (May 2001). [https://books.google.com/books?id=8qxA7unER3MC&pg=PA14 ''The Congo''.] Infobase Publishing. p. 14. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7910-6198-5|<bdi>978-0-7910-6198-5</bdi>.]] Retrieved 25 January 2011.</ref><ref>Heintze, Beatrix (2008). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=jkEN9mvNbRQC&pg=PA85 Angola on the move: transport routes, communications and history]''. Verlag Otto Lembeck. p. 85. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-87476-553-4|<bdi>978-3-87476-553-4</bdi>.]] Retrieved 25 January 2011.</ref> Tiro ya konokono ya iitsholelo le lotseno lwa Puso ya Angola di tswa mo go ntsheng diteemane mo molapong. Noka eno e na le motswedi o o humileng wa diteemane kwa Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster kwa Lunda Norte Province, e e neng ya ribololwa mo molelwaneng o mogolo wa noka le mo matlwaneng le mo matlwaneng a a mo dipoeng tsa yone tsa merwalela. Diporofense tsa Lunda Norte le Lund Sul mo molapong wa noka di na le palo e tona ya meepo ya taemane mo molapong le kwa Angola. <ref>[http://www.docstoc.com/docs/49105357/De-Beers-diamonds-and-Angola-developing-an-understanding-of "De Beers, diamonds and Angola developing an understanding".] Dockstock – Documents for Special Business and Professionals. pp. 37–39. Retrieved 24 January 2011.</ref> BRC e filwe tetla ya go dira dipatlisiso, e e akaretsang lefelo la 2,150 kilometres (1,340 mi) magareng ga Tembo le Kasonga Lunda mo karolong ya Noka ya Kwango e e ka nnang dikhilomitara di le lekgolo le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (115 mi).<ref name=":2" /> Ka fa tlase ga laesense ya moepo e e tshwerweng ke Soiadale de Desenvolvimento Mineiro (SDM), mafelo a ntshokuno a mo Tazua le Ginge River diversions mo Cuango.<ref>[http://www.infomine.com/index/pr/Pa145202.PDF "Technical Review Of Diamond Concessions On The Cuango River, Northern Angola"] (PDF). A C A Howe International Limited. 2003. p. 8.</ref><ref>[http://www.mindat.org/locindex-T0.html "Alphabetical Locality Index – T".] mindat.org. <q>Tazua Mine, Luzamba, Cuango City Council, Lunda Norte Province, Angola</q></ref> == Metswedi == rctm7kpg05dov5tbrl7qnwt4g60ioyi 0 13424 50331 2026-06-08T14:02:41Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Erfenis #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50331 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Erfenis''' ke letamo le le iteretsweng le le kwa kgaolong ya [[Foreistata|Free State]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]], mo nokeng ya Vet, gaufi le Theunissen. Le agilwe ka 1960, maikaelelo magolo a lone e le go nosetsa.<ref>[https://www.sa-venues.com/game-reserves/erfenis-dam.php "Erfenis Dam Nature Reserve, Free State".] ''www.sa-venues.com''. Retrieved 8 June 2026.</ref> Borai jwa lone bo supilwe fa bo le kwa godimo thata. == Metswedi == 4hkvs2or0wjhl1s3xrn7jb4gqld4w12 0 13425 50332 2026-06-08T14:08:35Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Elandskuil #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50332 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Elandskuil''' ke letamo le le kwa nokeng ya Swartleegte kwa [[Bokone Bophirima]] jwa [[Aforika Borwa]], kwa Middle Vaal. Le agilwe ka 1969, go tokafatsa go nosetsa mo legaeng leo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170711121929/http://www.industryabout.com/country-territories-3/2488-south-africa/hydro-energy/38208-elandskuil-dam Article title]</ref> == Metswedi == bdfa1kincwumza6ijcoz9fihbwpjklf 0 13426 50333 2026-06-08T17:19:10Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE TSENTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA KWILU 50333 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Crossing kwilu river.jpg|thumb|Noka Kwilu]] '''Noka ya Kwilu''' (Portuguese: Rio Cuílo; French: Rivière Kwilu; Dutch: Kwilu Rivier) ke noka e kgolo kwa Lunda Norte le Lunda Sul kwa Angola le kwa Kwilu Province, e e neng e itsege jaaka porofense ya Bandundu, kwa [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) go ya kwa toropong ya Bandundu, kwa e kopanelang le Noka ya Kwango pele ga molapo ono o tsena mo Nokaneng ya Kasai. Kwa DRC noka e elela go feta metse ya Gungu, Kikwit, Bulungu, Bagata, Rutherfordia le Bandundu.<ref>[[:en:Kwilu_River#CITEREFBlaes2008|Blaes 2008.]]</ref> Lusanga, eo pele e neng e bitswa Leverville, e fa nokeng ya Kwenge e kopanang teng le Kwilu, fa gare ga Kikwit le Bulungu. <ref>C.J. Warrington (May 1972)[http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf . "M'Bwa na Basenji"] (PDF). ''The Basenji''. Retrieved 2012-02-02</ref> == Dikarolo tsa yone == Ke noka e e itsoketsang. Fa e le gaufi le molomo wa yone e bophara jwa dimetara di le makgolo a ferabongwe le masome a matlhano (950). Se se dirisiwang go dira bolao ke motlhaba.<ref>Hanibal Lemma, and colleagues (2019). "Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia (Table 7)". ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''577''' 123968. doi:1[[doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968|0.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968.]] S2CID 199099061.</ref>Noka eno e boleele jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a ferabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano (965). Ka paka ya dipula, lefelo le le tletseng metsi le fitlha go dikilometara di le sekete makgolo a matlhano le masome a le matlhano (1 550) (600 sq mi). Metsi a noka a tlhatlogela kwa bogodimong jwa magareng ga dimetara di le seketo (1 000) le dimetara di le sekete le makgolo a ferabobedi (1 800) kwa dithabeng tsa Angola. Di wela kwa tlase thata go ya kwa boalong jwa Central Congo Basin e e fa gare ga dimetara di le makgolo a matlhano (500) (1,600 ft) le dimetara di le 300 (980 ft) kwa godimo ga lewatle. Patlisiso ya ngwaga wa 2011 e fitlhetse mefuta e le lekgolo le lesome le borarao (113) ya ditlhapi mo malapeng a le masome a mabedi le motso (21) le ditlhopha di le borobabobedi.(8)<ref>[[:en:Kwilu_River#CITEREFMuneneStiassny2011|Munene & Stiassny]] 2011.</ref> == Metswedi == i05xldn8l8alphwm2d6iqnaw95csqy3 0 13427 50334 2026-06-08T17:41:35Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE TSENTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA UBANGI 50334 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Ubangi river near Bangui.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Bangui]] '''Noka ya Ubangi''' (/j) uːˈbæŋɡi/; Swahili: Mto Ubangi; French: Fleuve Oubangui; Dutch: Mubangi Stroom), gape e bidiwa Oubangui, ke noka e e mo Bogare jwa Afrika, le noka e kgolo e e kafa letlhakoreng la moja la noka ya Congo. E simologa kwa motsweding wa Noka ya Mbomou (e e nang le palogare ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya 1,350 m3/s) le Noka ya Uele (e e nang le palogare ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya 1,550 m3/s) mme e elela go ya kwa bophirima, e dira molelwane magareng ga Central African Republic (CAR) le Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Morago ga moo, Ubangi e elela go ya kwa borwabophirima mme e ralala Bangui, motsemogolo wa CAR, morago ga moo e elela go ya kwa borwa  ⁇  e dira molelwane magareng ga DRC le Repaboliki ya Congo. Kwa bofelong, Noka ya Ubangi e kopana le Noka ya Congo kwa Liranga. Boleele jwa noka ya Ubangi ke dikilometara di ka nna sekete le masome a marataro ( 1 060). Boleele jwa yone jotlhe le noka ya Uele, e e leng yone e e elelang go gaisa, ke 2,270 km (1,410 mi). Metsi a noka ya Ubangi a na le bogolo jwa 651,915 km2 (251,706 mi2). Go tshologa ga yone kwa Bangui go tloga go 800 m3/s (28,000 cu ft/s) go ya go 11,000 m3/s (390,000 cu ft/s), ka palogare ya go elela ga ~4,000 m3/s (140,000 cu ft/s).<ref>Bossche, J.P. vanden; G. M. Bernacsek (1990). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA338 Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa,] Volume 1''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. p. 338. ISBN <bdi>978-92-5-102983-1</bdi>.</ref>Selekanyo sa ngwaga le ngwaga sa metsi a a ntshiwang mo molomong wa yone ke ~6,000 m3/s (210,000 cu ft/s).<ref>Becker, M.; Papa, F.; Frappart, F.; Alsdorf, D.; Calmant, S.; Da Silva, J. Santos; Prigent, C.; Seyler, F. (2018). [https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01671764 "Satellite-ba]sed estimates of surface water dynamics in the Congo River Basin". ''International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation''. '''66''': 196–209. Bibcode:2018IJAEO..66..196B. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2017.11.015. S2CID 6873734</ref>Go dumelwa gore karolo e e kwa godimo ya noka ya Ubangi kwa tshimologong e ne e elela mo Nokeng ya Chari le Letsha la Chad pele ga e tsewa ke Congo kwa tshimologong ya Pleistocene.<ref>See Cooper, John E. and Hull, Gordon; ''Gorilla Pathology and Health: With a Catalogue of Preserved Materials'', p. 371[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780128020395] ISBN 9780128020395</ref> Mmogo le Noka ya Congo, ke tsela e e botlhokwa ya go tsamaisa dikepe tse di tsamayang mo nokeng fa gare ga Bangui le Brazzaville. Go tswa kwa motsweding wa yone go fitlha go dikhilometera di le lekgolo (100 km) kwa tlase ga Bangui, Ubangi e tlhalosa molelwane magareng ga Central African Republic le Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Morago ga moo, e bopa molelwane magareng ga DRC le Repaboliki ya Congo go fitlha e wela mo Nokeng ya Congo. == Porojeke ya go tlatsa Letsha la Chad == Ka dingwaga tsa bo1960, <ref>[[:en:Ubangi_River#cite_note-6|Ley, Willy (1960). ''Engineers' Dreams Great Projects That COULD Come True''. Viking Press]].</ref><ref>Zarembka, David (24 June 2019). [https://cleantechnica.com/2019/06/24/refilling-lake-chad-with-water-from-the-congo-river-using-solar-power/ "Refilling Lake Chad With Water From The Congo River Using Solar Power".] ''Cleantechnica''. Retrieved 25 June 2019</ref>go ne ga dirwa leano la go faposa metsi go tswa kwa Ubangi go ya kwa nokeng ya Chari. Go ya ka leano leno, le le bidiwang Transaqua, metsi a a tswang kwa Ubangi a ne a tla tsosolosa Letsha la Chad le go tlamela batho ba le dimilione di le masomesome ba ba nnang mo Afrika bogare le ba ba nnang kwa Sahel ka dijo le go tokafatsa temothuo. Dithulaganyo tsa go fetisa metsi go tswa mo kgaolong e nngwe go ya kwa go e nngwe di ne tsa akantshiwa ka ngwaga wa 1980 le ngwaga wa 1990 ke moenjenere wa kwa Nigeria e bong J. Umolu le feme ya Italy ya Bonifica.<ref>[http://hydroweb.com/jeh/jeh1999/bunu.pdf "Journal of Environmental Hydrology, Vol. 7, 1999"] (PDF).</ref><ref>Fred Pearce. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090331234016/http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg12917615.500 "Africa at a watershed".] Archived from the original on 2009-03-31.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110526135224/http://dwb.unl.edu/Teacher/NSF/C09/C09Links/www.ccnet.com/~mcumolu/globclim.html "Combating Climate Induced Water And Energy Deficiencies In West Central Africa (Ubangi – Lake Chad Inter-basin transfer)".] Archived from the original on 2011-05-26</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1994, Khomišene ya Letsha la Chad Basin (LCBC) e ne ya tshitshinya porojeke e e tshwanang, mme kwa setlhopheng sa kwa godimo sa kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ka ngwaga wa 2008 ditlhogo tsa dinaga tsa maloko a LCBC di ne tsa ineela mo porojekeng ya go faposa metsi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080401153145/http://www.voanews.com/english/2008-03-28-voa33.cfm "Voice of America News, March 28, 2008 African Leaders Team Up to Rescue Lake Chad".] Archived from the original on April 1, 2008</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Moranang ka ngwaga wa2008, LCBC e ne ya phasalatsa kopo ya ditshitshinyo tsa patlisiso e e kgonegang. == Metswedi == p3w9j9jy8vw0vmdjumjfsvz1f2n5wl6 0 13428 50338 2026-06-08T18:20:06Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA LOMAMI 50338 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Lomami''' (Swahili: Mto Lomami, French: Rivière Lomami, Dutch: Lomami Rivier) ke nngwe ya dinoka tse kgolo tse di tsenang mo nokeng ya Congo mo Democratic Republic of the Congo. Noka eno e boleele jwa dikilometara di le 1,280.<ref name=":0">Bossche, J.P. vanden; G. M. Bernacsek (1990). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WLZRxM9vfXoC&pg=PA333 Source Book for the Inland Fishery Resources of Africa, Volume 1]''. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. p. 333. ISBN <bdi>978-92-5-102983-1</bdi>.</ref>E elela kwa bokone, bophirima le e e tsamaelanang le noka e e kwa godimo ya Congo. [[Setshwantsho:Lomami River at Katopa Camp, Democratic Republic of the Congo.JPG|thumb|Noka ya Lomami]] Noka ya Lomami e elela kwa borwa jwa naga, gaufi le Kamina le kgaogano ya Congo-Zambezi.<ref name=":0" />E elela kwa bokone go ralala Lubao, Tshofa [fr], Kombe, Bolaiti, Opala, le Irema pele e kopana le Congo kwa Isangi. Henry Morton Stanley o ne a fitlha kwa dinokeng tse pedi di kopanelang teng ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e thola borataro (6) ka ngwaga wa 1877, "Noka e e nonneng ya Lumami, e Livingstone a e bitsang 'noka ya ga Young,' e ne ya tsena mo molatswaneng o mogolo, ka molomo o o bophara jwa dimetara di le makgolo a marataro (600), fa gare ga dintshi tse di kwa tlase tse di neng di khurumeditswe thata ke ditlhare". <ref>Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, Vol. One ISBN <bdi>0486256677</bdi>, Vol. [[:en:Special:BookSources/0486256677|Two]] ISBN 0486256685</ref>: Bol.Bobedi, 176 Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa 1889 M. Janssen, Mmusi-Kakaretso wa Naga ya Congo, o ne a tlhatlhoba noka ya Lomani go tswa kwa Isangi kwa Ville de Bruxelles. Fa a sena go tsamaya diura di le lekgolo le lesome le borataro (116) o ne a emisiwa ke makhubu a a neng a le kwa latitude ya 4°27'2" S.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ohscAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA260 "The Lomami"]. ''Scottish Geographical Magazine''. '''6'''. Royal Scottish Geographical Society. 1890.</ref> Noka eno e neile mefuta e le mmalwa ya ditshedi leina la yone, go akaretsa le tshwene e e bidiwang Cercopithecus lomamiensis le semela sa Pavetta lomamiensis. == Metswedi == 1oh3anf8rk5ykrrat6wxuc7r14lipvq 0 13429 50339 2026-06-08T18:35:07Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA CHARI 50339 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Chari River.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Chari]] '''Noka ya Chari''', kgotsa Noka ya Shari, ke noka e e boleele jwa dikilometara di le 1,400 (870 mi), e e elelang mo Bogareng jwa Afrika. Ke motswedi o mogolo wa metsi a letsha la [[Chad|Chad,]] le le leng mo kgabaganyong ya dinaga di le nne: [[Nigeria]], Niger, [[Chad]], le [[Cameroon]]. <ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Chari-River "Chari River | river, Africa".] ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2017-06-06</ref> == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == Noka ya Chari e elela go tswa kwa Central African Republic go ralala Chad go ya kwa Letsheng la Chad, e latela molelwane wa Cameroon go tswa kwa N'Djamena, koo e kopanngwang teng ke noka ya yone e e kafa bophirima le e e botlhokwa, Noka ya Logone. E tlamela ka diperesente di le masome a boferabongwe (90) tsa metsi a a elelang mo Letsheng la Chad. Metsi a noka a na le bogolo jwa 548,747 square kilometres (211,872 mi2). Noka e kgolo ke Noka ya Logone, fa dinoka tse dinnye di akaretsa Bahr Salamat, Bahr Sah, Bahr Aouk le Bahr Kéita. Bontsi jwa batho ba Chad, go akaretsa le Sarh le motsemoshate N'Djamena, ba nna gaufi le yone. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2016, Chad e ntse e le nngwe ya dinaga di le nne tse bolwetse jwa Guinea worm bo sa ntseng bo le teng. Bontsi jwa batho ba ba setseng ba tshwerwe ke bolwetse jono ba kwa Nokeng ya Chari. Noka eno e tshegetsa madirelo a botlhokwa a go tshwara ditlhapi mo lefelong leno. Nngwe ya ditlhapi tse di tseelwang kwa godimo thata mo lefelong leno ke e e bidiwang Nile perch. Fa e sale ka dingwaga tsa bo1960, go ntse go na le ditshitshinyo tsa go faposa metsi go tswa kwa nokeng ya Ubangi go ya kwa nokeng ya Chari go tsosolosa Letsha la Chad, e leng se se neng se tla fetola go gapiwa ga noka ya Ubangi go tswa kwa nokeng ya Chari ke Noka ya Congo se go dumelwang gore se diragetse kwa tshimologong ya Pleistocene.<ref>See Cooper, John E. and Hull, Gordon; ''Gorilla Pathology and Health: With a Catalogue of Preserved Materials'', p. 371[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780128020395] ISBN 9780128020395</ref> == Ditso == Go bolelwa fa batho ba Sao ba ne ba nna gaufi le noka eno.<ref>Li, Ying; Trillo, E. A.; Murr, L. E. (2000). "Friction-stir welding of aluminum alloy 2024 to silver". ''Journal of Materials Science Letters''. '''19''' (12): 1047–1051. doi:10.1023/a:[[doi:10.1023/a:1006795221194|1006795221194]]. ISSN 0261-8028. S2CID 135070501</ref> Kgaolo ya Noka ya Chari e nnile le batho ba ba farologaneng ba ba buang dipuo tsa Se-Chad, dipuo tsa Se-Adamawa, dipuo tsa Se-Ubangian, dipuo tsa Se-Bongo-Bagirmi. == Metswedi == kqjskijgbxdp9mogwd8agko4tl4m2is 0 13430 50357 2026-06-09T08:54:49Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka yaThe great Kei 50357 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Kei River Mouth Ferry.jpg|thumb|Noka e tona ya Kei]] Noka e tona ya Kei ke noka mo porofenseng ya Kapa Botlhaba ya Afrika Borwa. E bopilwe ke go kopana ga noka ya Black Kei le White Kei, kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa Cathcart. E elela sebaka sa dikhilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a mabedi (199 mi) <ref>[http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/estuary/catch/greatkei.html SA Estuarine Land-cover: Great Kei Catchment] [https://web.archive.org/web/20041227041011/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/estuary/catch/greatkei.html Archived] 2004-12-27 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref>mme e felela kwa Great Kei Estuary kwa [[Indian Ocean]] le toropo e nnye ya Kei Mouth kwa lobopong lwa bophirima. Go ya ka ditso tsa Noka e tona ya Kei e ne e bopa molelwane wa borwabophirima jwa kgaolo ya Transkei jaaka e ne e itsege pele jaaka Noka ya Nciba. == Tsela == [[Setshwantsho:Map on wall at Kei Mouth.jpg|thumb|Moalo wa Noka e tona ya Kei mo leboteng]] Noka e tona ya Kei ke noka e e itsoketsang mme e bopiwa ke go kopana ga Noka ya Black Kei le Noka ya White Kei kwa Enoch Mgijima Local Municipality, bokone-botlhaba jwa Cathcart le borwa-botlhaba jwa Queenstown. Noka e tona ya Kei e elela go tswa kwa e kopanang teng le Noka e Ntsho le Noka e Tshweu ya Kei mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano go ya kwa borwabotlhaba go ya kwa Lewatleng la India. E felela kwa molomong wa noka ya Great Kei kwa Kei Mouth, e leng toropo e e fa lotshitshing lwa lewatle. Noka e telele go di feta tsotlhe ke Tsomo kwa bokone. Leina la yone le simologile ka ngwaga wa 1752 mme le theilwe mo lefokong la Se-Khoisan le le rayang noka le le rayang 'moshawa'. Noka e tona ya Kei pele e ne e bopa molelwane wa borwabophirima wa kgaolo ya Transkei o o ka fitlhelelwang ka 'Pont', e le nngwe ya dikepe tse pedi fela tse di rwalang dikoloi mo Afrika Borwa. <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20180215024108/https://www.keimouth.co.za/activities/great-kei-river/ The Great Kei River"]. ''www.keimouth.co.za''. Archived from [https://www.keimouth.co.za/activities/great-kei-river/ the original] on 15 February 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018.</ref>Borogo jono bo setse bo dirisiwa mme bakgweetsi ba dikoloi gantsi ba tsewa ka mokoro go tswa mo lotshitshing lo lo kafa borwabophirima go ya kwa lotshitshing lo lo kafa bokonebotlhaba go ya kwa [[Wild Coast.]] == Seemo sa Bosa == Metsi a a tswang mo nokeng ya Great Kei go ya kwa borwa jwa [[Mozambique]] a tsewa e le a a tswang kwa mafelong a boboatsatsi. Ditsamaiso tseno di na le metsi a a bothitho a a fetang didikirii tsa Celsius di le lesome le borataro. Seno se dira gore seemo sa bosa se nne se se bothitho le e e bongola mo e ka nnang ngwaga otlhe. Dipaka tse di kwa tlase tsa dithemperetšha tsa mariga di farologana go tswa go ko go lesome le bobedi go ya go lesome le bone mme lefelo leno le amogela pula ngwaga otlhe. <ref>Harrison, T. D. (9 April 2002). [https://connectsci.au/mf/article/53/2/479/58814/Preliminary-assessment-of-the-biogeography-of "Preliminary assessment of the biogeography of fishes in South African estuaries".] ''Marine and Freshwater Research''. '''53''' (2): 479–490. doi:[[doi:10.1071/MF01121|10.1071/MF01121.]] ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1323-1650 1323-1650.]</ref> == Tikologo == Dikarolo tse di kwa teng tsa Noka e tona ya Kei di elela go ralala dikgwa tsa kwa Albany le dikgwa tsa kwa sekgweng, di felela mo dikgweng tsa kwa lotshitshing lwa India kwa molomong wa yone. Molomo wa noka ya Kei o na le dikgwa tsa mangrove tse di leng kwa borwa jwa Afrika Borwa. Dikgwa tsa sekgwa di fitlhelwa kwa bokone jwa noka ya Mngazana, mme mafelo a letswai a fitlhelwa kwa borwa jwa noka ya Great Kei. Noka ya Great Kei e na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhapi. Le fa go ntse jalo, mefuta mengwe ya ditshedi e e jaaka South African Cob le White steenbras e mo kotsing e kgolo ya go nyelela. Go na le mefuta e le mentsi ya dinonyane tse di nnang gaufi le lotshitshi mo lefelong leno, tse di jaaka [[di-oystercatcher tsa Afrika,]] di-sandpiper le di-kingfisher. == Borogo Jwa Seporo == Maiteko a go aga borogo jo bo kgabaganyang noka ya Kei a simolotse ka ngwaga wa sekege makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le bosupa fa didirisiwa tsa go aga di ne di romelwa kwa Lontone Botlhaba go tswa kwa Boritane ka dikolotsana tsa dikgomo le seporo. Tiro ya go aga borogo e ne ya kgorelediwa makgetlo a le mantsi ka ntlha ya dikgotlhang mo kgaolong eo go akaretsa Ntwa ya borobabongwe ya Molelwane koo Newey le setlhopha sa gagwe ba neng ba patelesega go boela kwa Royal Hotel kwa Komga fa batlhabani ba Gcaleka ba ne ba simolola go kgabaganya noka ya Kei go ya ntweng. Masole a le mmalwa a Boritane a ne a bolawa ke batlhabani ba Ba-Xhosa kwa Moordenaarskop (Murderers - Hill), e leng thabana e e gaufi le borogo jwa bogologolo. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa go ya ko go wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bosupa go ne ga agiwa seporo mo borogong jwa logong jo bo neng bo le kwa tlase ga noka ya Great Kei. Borogo jwa logong bo ne jwa senngwa ke morwalela mme seporo sa terena se ne sa fudusediwa kwa borogong jo bosha jo bo bapileng le jone. Borogo jono bo ne jwa tlhatlhamololwa gape ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le borataro mme jwa agiwa gape ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le bosupa. Go tsere dingwaga di le pedi le sephatlo go fetsa go aga borogo.<ref>[https://www.artefacts.co.za/main/Buildings/bldgframes.php?bldgid=10477 "Rail Bridge over the Great Kei River details".] ''www.artefacts.co.za''. Retrieved 15 January 2018.</ref> Kwa bokhutlong jwa dikgotlhang, borogo bo ne jwa wediwa mme bo santse bo dirisiwa ke batho ba selegae le balemirui. <ref>[https://www.sa-venues.com/attractionsec/kei-cuttings.php "Kei Cuttings in Butterworth, Eastern Cape"]. ''www.sa-venues.com''. Retrieved 15 January 2018.</ref>The Great Kei Bridge e gaufi le Kei Bridge mme e mo Mmasepaleng wa Kgaolo ya Amathole. Borogo jo Bogolo jwa Kei bo boleele jwa dikilometara di le 0.46.<ref>[http://za.geoview.info/great_kei_bridge,31141865w "Great Kei Bridge, Amathole District Municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa".] ''za.geoview.info''. Retrieved 15 January 2018.</ref> == Matamo a a mo lekadibeng la Great Kei == [[Letamo la Xonxa]] mo Nokeng ya White Kei (Noka ya Wit-Kei). [[Letamo la Wriggleswade]] mo Nokeng ya Kubusi [[Letamo la Bongolo,]] mo Nokeng ya Komani, e e leng mosele wa Noka ya [[Klaas Smits]], e e leng mosele wa Noka ya Black Kei Borogo jo Bogologolo jo bo fa Nokeng e Kgolo ya Kei == Kgogometso e Kgolo ya Kei == [[Setshwantsho:Old road bridge on Great Kei River.jpg|thumb|Borogo jo Bogologolo jo bo fa Nokeng e tona ya Kei]] Tsela ya N2 e ralala Komga le Butterworth mo lefelong le le itsegeng jaaka Great Kei Pass kgotsa Kei Cuttings. E itsege ka go nna teng ga dikotsi tse dintsi ka ntlha ya mouwane le dikgomo tse di kgarakgatshegang. Karolo eno ya N2 e kgabaganya Noka e tona ya Kei. Kei Cuttings e mo teng ga naga go tswa kwa [[Kei Mouth, Morgans Bay]] le Chintsa West.<ref>[https://www.sa-venues.com/attractionsec/kei-cuttings.php "Kei Cuttings in Butterworth, Eastern Cape"]. ''www.sa-venues.com''. Retrieved 16 January 2018.</ref> == Metswedi == f6ahe3x1pt6b34fqiurtzxo4jfzllwc 0 13431 50358 2026-06-09T08:56:38Z ~2026-34065-39 12857 #AWC 2026 # WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA UMKOMAZI 50358 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Umkomaas valley.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Umkomaas]] '''Noka ya uMkhomazi''' ke noka kwa KwaZulu-Natal, Afrika Borwa.<ref>Meintjes, Malcolm (2005). ''Remarkable Flyfishing Destinations of Southern Africa''. Struik. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/1868729761|1868729761]]</bdi>.</ref> == Tsela == E tlhoga mo dithabeng tse di kwa godimo tse di lebileng kwa botlhaba tsa Drakensberg, gaufi le Thabana Ntlenyana e kgolo. Noka e elela kwa borwabotlhaba go leba kwa Lewatleng la India, e e tsenang ka noka ya Umkomaas (eMkhomazi), e e ka nnang masome a matlhano (50 km) kwa borwabophirima jwa Durban.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160833/http://www.umgeni.co.za/projects/infra-structuremasterplans/docs/Vol1/UW_IMP_2011_Vol1_Section4_Part7.pdf "Mkomazi Region"] (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2012</ref>Dinoka tsa yone tse di kgolo ke Loteni, Nzinga, Mkomazane, Elands le Noka ya Xobho.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA11MvotuUmzimkulu.jpg Mvoti to Umzimkulu WMA 11]</ref> Ditoropo tse di mo mmung wa metsi wa uMkhomazi di akaretsa Bulwer, Impendle, Ixopo, Craigieburn le Boston. Ga jaana letamo le le nosi mo lefelong la lona ke Letamo la Ixopo, mme go na le matamo a mangwe a a rulagantsweng.<ref name=":1">[http://www.umgeni.co.za/projects/infra-structuremasterplans/docs/Vol1/UW_IMP_2011_Vol1_Section4_Part7.pdf Mkomazi Region]</ref> uMkhomazi ke karolo ya Mvoti go ya Umzimkulu Water Management Area.<ref>[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500018&script=sci_arttext Is there a role for traditional governance systems in South Africa's new water management regime?]</ref> == Tikologo == Sekgwa sa Naga sa Mkhomazi le Kgaolo ya Sekaka sa Mkhomazi ke mafelo a a sireleditsweng mo karolong e e kwa godimo ya Noka ya Umkomazi.<ref>[http://www.lonelyplanet.com/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/activities/other/mkhomazi-wilderness-area Mkhomazi Wilderness Area]</ref> Tlhapi e e serolwana ya scaly yellowfish (Labeobarbus natalensis) ke tlhapi e e fitlhelwang mo Mokgatšheng wa Noka ya uMkhomazi mmogo le kwa Umgeni, Umzimkulu, Tukhela le Umfolozi. Ke mofuta o o tlwaelesegileng wa kwa KwaZulu-Natal mme o nna mo mafelong a a farologaneng magareng ga kwa tlase ga Drakensberg le kwa mafelong a a kwa tlase a lebopo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170629065416/http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/KV212-web-conservation.pdf "Technical Report on the State of Yellowfishes in South Africa 2007"] (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2012.</ref> == Ditiro mo nokeng == Go tshwarwa lobelo lwa malatsi a le mabedi lwa diketswana (kayak) mo nokeng eno ngwaga le ngwaga. "Umko" ke marathone wa noka wa bobedi wa bogologolo mo lefatsheng e bile ke one fela o o sa simololeng e bile o sa felele mo toropong e e rileng. E ne ya tshwarwa la ntlha ka 1966 mme kwa tshimologong e ne e tsaya malatsi a le mararo. Sekgala sotlhe se ne se farologana go tswa go dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a mane le botlhano (145) go ya go dikilometara di le 68 tse di leng teng gompieno. E itsege jaaka lobelo lwa metsi lo lo thata go gaisa lo lo dirwang ka mekoro ya lebelo le le kwa godimo e e dirang gore go nne thata go kgabaganya diphefo tsa dikarolo tsa 1 - 4, gape e ne e na le dikarolo tse ditelele go gaisa tsa letsatsi le letsatsi fa sekgala e ne e le dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a marara (130) mo malatsing a le mabedi. Lobelo lono lo tshwarelwa mo mokgatšheng o o kwa thoko o o makgwakgwa o o dirang gore go nne thata go tsena mo go one le go tswa mo go one ka dinao fa e le gore mokoro o ka senyega go sa tlhokege. Dikgang tsa batho ba ba kgweetsang ka mekoro ba ba nnang bosigo jotlhe mo mokgatšheng pele ga ba ka kgona go tswela kwa ntle mo letsatsing le le latelang di nna di tlhaga gangwe le gape mo metsweding ya dikgang le mo radiong ya setšhaba. Kgaisano e ya metsi a a kwa nageng e rulagantswe ke Kingfisher Canoe Club ya Durban mme e ngoka batho ba le lekgolo le masome a ferangbobedi (180) go ya go ba le masome a mararo (300) ka ngwaga.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 2016 go ne ga tshwarwa dikgaisano di le masome a matlhano (50) mme se se gakgamatsang ke gore, kgaisano ya ntlha e ne ya nna ya mofenyi Charles Mason. Mason o feditse di marathone di le masome a mane le boferabongwe (49), a palelwa fela ka ngwaga wa 1970 fa a ne a kgaogana dikilometara di le lesome le boferabongwe (19) mo lobelong lwa dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a mane le botlhano (145) (e nngwe ya "dingwaga di le nne tse ditelele" tse mo go tsone tsela e telele go di gaisa tsotlhe e neng e tsamaisiwa go tswa kwa Hella Hella go ya kwa lewatleng).<ref name=":0" /> Lobelo lono lo simolotse mo mafelong a mabedi: Josephine's Bridge mo tseleng ya Richmond-Ixopo, le Hella Hella bridge mo tseleng ya Richmond-Donnybrook. Noka e e fa gare ga Hella Hella le Number Eight Rapid 20 km go ela kwa tlase ga noka e na le tsela e e sekameng go gaisa (go wela ga 7,6m ka kilometara) mme e na le metseletsele e e bokete go gaisa ya diphefo. Karolo eno e ile ya akarediwa mo merafeng e le mentsi, mme e seng yotlhe. Mo dingwageng tse di fetileng, lobelo lo ne lo na le mafelo a le mantsi a lo neng lo felela kwa go one, mme go ne go ikaegile thata ka maemo a bosa, dilo tse di tlhokegang le tsela ya go tsena mo go lone. Lobelo lono lo ntse lo tshwarwa ka dikgakologo di le masome a matlhano (50) tse di latelanang. Ka selemo sa ngwaga wa 1971/1972 kgaisano e ne ya sutisetswa go ya go kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ka ngwaga wa 1972 mme ga go a ka ga nna le kgaisano epe mo khalendareng ya ngwaga wa 1971, mme ga go a ka ga nna le selemo se se sa tshwarwang. Mofenyi wa ga jaana wa Umko Hank McGregor le ene ke mofenyi wa ga jaana wa World Canoe Marathon, morago ga go fenya mofenyi wa lefatshe wa ngwaga wa 2016 kwa Brandenburg, Jeremane. == Ditso == Go thuma gaufi le molomo wa Noka ya uMkhomazi kwa eMkhomazi, e e tsewang e le lefelo le le babalesegileng la go thuma Loeto lwa ntlha lo lo neng lwa begiwa lwa go tsamaya mo nokeng eno e ne e le ka ngwaga wa 1951 fa Ian Player le Fred Schmidt ba ne ba tsamaya ka mokoro go tswa kwa borogong jwa Josephine go ya kwa lewatleng kwa motseng wa Umkomaas kwa noka eno e elelang kwa Lewatleng la India gone. Ka nako eo, Player o ne a tumile ka go bo a fentse kgaisano ya ntlha ya marathone ya Dusi Canoe kwa tshimologong ya ngwaga oo mme moragonyana o ne a itsege thata ka go sireletsa diphologolo tsa naga, segolobogolo ka go bo a ne a faloditse tshukudu e tshweu gore e se ka ya nyelela. Go ne ga ba tsaya malatsi a le supa go wetsa sekgala sa dikilometara di le lekgolo le lesome le boraro (113) mme ba ne ba thusiwa ke banni ba ba botsalano ba mokgatšha ono fa ba ne ba felelwa ke dilwana. Go ne ga dirwa maeto a mangwe a a farologaneng a a neng a felela ka maeto a a neng a dirwa ka ngwaga wa 1965 le ngwaga wa 1966 a a neng a lebagane thata le go dira gore go kgonege go tshwara lobelo, e leng se se neng se tlhoka gore go batlisisiwe noka le ditsela tse di fa thoko ga dintshi tsa yone go bona mafelo a mabedi a go kampa a a neng a ka fitlhelelwa. Charles Mason o ne a nna le seabe se segolo mo tirong eo, a atlega mo go tlhatlhobeng noka le ditsela tsa go tsena mo go yone le go tlhotlheletsa balaodi ba ba neng ba le teng gore ba letlelele kgaisano e ntšha mo khalendareng ya go palama diketswana ya Afrika Borwa. O ne a tswelela go fenya kgaisano ya ntlha le Tank Rogers, a fenya Paul Chalupsky le Jimmy Potgieter ka go le gonnye.<ref>Mooney, James (5 July 2017), [https://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203790038-3 "The Colonial and Revolutionary Period—1654–1784",] ''Historical Sketch of the Cherokee'', Routledge, pp. 19–50, doi:10.4324/9780203790038-3, ISBN <bdi>978-0-203-79003-8</bdi>, retrieved 30 May 2020</ref> Chalupsky o ne a tswelela go fenya lobelo lono makgetlo a le supa go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1977. Bafenyi ba bangwe ba le mmalwa ba akaretsa Tony Scott (makgetlo a le marataro go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1984); Robbie Herreveld (makgetlo a le robongwe go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2000); Deon Bruss (makgetlo a le marataro go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2008); Hank McGregor (makgetlo a le supa go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2016). Go robala bosigo mo kampeng ya nakwana mo mokgatšheng o o kwa thoko e ne e le karolo e e patelesegang ya lobelo ka dingwaga di le dintsi mme mo dingwageng tsa bosheng seno se fetogile ka go ema bosigo jaanong go fitlhelelwa bonolo kwa borogong jwa Hella Hella (jaanong ke tshimologo ya letsatsi la bobedi ka tatelano e e fapogileng<ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == px2pl7isci1q9qe28vzs28d5rq0jukt 50359 50358 2026-06-09T08:59:15Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE BAAKANTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA UMKOMAZI 50359 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Umkomaas valley.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Umkomaas]] '''Noka ya uMkhomazi''' ke noka kwa KwaZulu-Natal, Afrika Borwa.<ref>Meintjes, Malcolm (2005). ''Remarkable Flyfishing Destinations of Southern Africa''. Struik. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/1868729761|1868729761]]</bdi>.</ref> == Tsela == E tlhoga mo dithabeng tse di kwa godimo tse di lebileng kwa botlhaba tsa Drakensberg, gaufi le Thabana Ntlenyana e kgolo. Noka e elela kwa borwabotlhaba go leba kwa Lewatleng la India, e e tsenang ka noka ya Umkomaas (eMkhomazi), e e ka nnang masome a matlhano (50 km) kwa borwabophirima jwa Durban.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160833/http://www.umgeni.co.za/projects/infra-structuremasterplans/docs/Vol1/UW_IMP_2011_Vol1_Section4_Part7.pdf "Mkomazi Region"] (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2012</ref>Dinoka tsa yone tse di kgolo ke Loteni, Nzinga, Mkomazane, Elands le Noka ya Xobho.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA11MvotuUmzimkulu.jpg Mvoti to Umzimkulu WMA 11]</ref> Ditoropo tse di mo mmung wa metsi wa uMkhomazi di akaretsa Bulwer, Impendle, Ixopo, Craigieburn le Boston. Ga jaana letamo le le nosi mo lefelong la lona ke Letamo la Ixopo, mme go na le matamo a mangwe a a rulagantsweng.<ref name=":1">[http://www.umgeni.co.za/projects/infra-structuremasterplans/docs/Vol1/UW_IMP_2011_Vol1_Section4_Part7.pdf Mkomazi Region]</ref> uMkhomazi ke karolo ya Mvoti go ya Umzimkulu Water Management Area.<ref>[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500018&script=sci_arttext Is there a role for traditional governance systems in South Africa's new water management regime?]</ref> == Tikologo == Sekgwa sa Naga sa Mkhomazi le Kgaolo ya Sekaka sa Mkhomazi ke mafelo a a sireleditsweng mo karolong e e kwa godimo ya Noka ya Umkomazi.<ref>[http://www.lonelyplanet.com/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/activities/other/mkhomazi-wilderness-area Mkhomazi Wilderness Area]</ref> Tlhapi e e serolwana ya scaly yellowfish (Labeobarbus natalensis) ke tlhapi e e fitlhelwang mo Mokgatšheng wa Noka ya uMkhomazi mmogo le kwa Umgeni, Umzimkulu, Tukhela le Umfolozi. Ke mofuta o o tlwaelesegileng wa kwa KwaZulu-Natal mme o nna mo mafelong a a farologaneng magareng ga kwa tlase ga Drakensberg le kwa mafelong a a kwa tlase a lebopo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170629065416/http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/KV212-web-conservation.pdf "Technical Report on the State of Yellowfishes in South Africa 2007"] (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 June 2017. Retrieved 7 April 2012.</ref> == Ditiro mo nokeng == Go tshwarwa lobelo lwa malatsi a le mabedi lwa diketswana (kayak) mo nokeng eno ngwaga le ngwaga. "Umko" ke marathone wa noka wa bobedi wa bogologolo mo lefatsheng e bile ke one fela o o sa simololeng e bile o sa felele mo toropong e e rileng. E ne ya tshwarwa la ntlha ka 1966 mme kwa tshimologong e ne e tsaya malatsi a le mararo. Sekgala sotlhe se ne se farologana go tswa go dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a mane le botlhano (145) go ya go dikilometara di le 68 tse di leng teng gompieno. E itsege jaaka lobelo lwa metsi lo lo thata go gaisa lo lo dirwang ka mekoro ya lebelo le le kwa godimo e e dirang gore go nne thata go kgabaganya diphefo tsa dikarolo tsa 1 - 4, gape e ne e na le dikarolo tse ditelele go gaisa tsa letsatsi le letsatsi fa sekgala e ne e le dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a marara (130) mo malatsing a le mabedi. Lobelo lono lo tshwarelwa mo mokgatšheng o o kwa thoko o o makgwakgwa o o dirang gore go nne thata go tsena mo go one le go tswa mo go one ka dinao fa e le gore mokoro o ka senyega go sa tlhokege. Dikgang tsa batho ba ba kgweetsang ka mekoro ba ba nnang bosigo jotlhe mo mokgatšheng pele ga ba ka kgona go tswela kwa ntle mo letsatsing le le latelang di nna di tlhaga gangwe le gape mo metsweding ya dikgang le mo radiong ya setšhaba. Kgaisano e ya metsi a a kwa nageng e rulagantswe ke Kingfisher Canoe Club ya Durban mme e ngoka batho ba le lekgolo le masome a ferangbobedi (180) go ya go ba le masome a mararo (300) ka ngwaga.<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa 2016 go ne ga tshwarwa dikgaisano di le masome a matlhano (50) mme se se gakgamatsang ke gore, kgaisano ya ntlha e ne ya nna ya mofenyi Charles Mason. Mason o feditse di marathone di le masome a mane le boferabongwe (49), a palelwa fela ka ngwaga wa 1970 fa a ne a kgaogana dikilometara di le lesome le boferabongwe (19) mo lobelong lwa dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a mane le botlhano (145) (e nngwe ya "dingwaga di le nne tse ditelele" tse mo go tsone tsela e telele go di gaisa tsotlhe e neng e tsamaisiwa go tswa kwa Hella Hella go ya kwa lewatleng).<ref name=":0" /> Lobelo lono lo simolotse mo mafelong a mabedi: Josephine's Bridge mo tseleng ya Richmond-Ixopo, le Hella Hella bridge mo tseleng ya Richmond-Donnybrook. Noka e e fa gare ga Hella Hella le Number Eight Rapid masome a mabedi (20 km) go ela kwa tlase ga noka e na le tsela e e sekameng go gaisa (go wela ga 7,6m ka kilometara) mme e na le metseletsele e e bokete go gaisa ya diphefo. Karolo eno e ile ya akarediwa mo merafeng e le mentsi, mme e seng yotlhe. Mo dingwageng tse di fetileng, lobelo lo ne lo na le mafelo a le mantsi a lo neng lo felela kwa go one, mme go ne go ikaegile thata ka maemo a bosa, dilo tse di tlhokegang le tsela ya go tsena mo go lone. Lobelo lono lo ntse lo tshwarwa ka dikgakologo di le masome a matlhano (50) tse di latelanang. Ka selemo sa ngwaga wa 1971/1972 kgaisano e ne ya sutisetswa go ya go kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ka ngwaga wa 1972 mme ga go a ka ga nna le kgaisano epe mo khalendareng ya ngwaga wa 1971, mme ga go a ka ga nna le selemo se se sa tshwarwang. Mofenyi wa ga jaana wa Umko Hank McGregor le ene ke mofenyi wa ga jaana wa World Canoe Marathon, morago ga go fenya mofenyi wa lefatshe wa ngwaga wa 2016 kwa Brandenburg, Jeremane. == Ditso == Go thuma gaufi le molomo wa Noka ya uMkhomazi kwa eMkhomazi, e e tsewang e le lefelo le le babalesegileng la go thuma Loeto lwa ntlha lo lo neng lwa begiwa lwa go tsamaya mo nokeng eno e ne e le ka ngwaga wa 1951 fa Ian Player le Fred Schmidt ba ne ba tsamaya ka mokoro go tswa kwa borogong jwa Josephine go ya kwa lewatleng kwa motseng wa Umkomaas kwa noka eno e elelang kwa Lewatleng la India gone. Ka nako eo, Player o ne a tumile ka go bo a fentse kgaisano ya ntlha ya marathone ya Dusi Canoe kwa tshimologong ya ngwaga oo mme moragonyana o ne a itsege thata ka go sireletsa diphologolo tsa naga, segolobogolo ka go bo a ne a faloditse tshukudu e tshweu gore e se ka ya nyelela. Go ne ga ba tsaya malatsi a le supa go wetsa sekgala sa dikilometara di le lekgolo le lesome le boraro (113) mme ba ne ba thusiwa ke banni ba ba botsalano ba mokgatšha ono fa ba ne ba felelwa ke dilwana. Go ne ga dirwa maeto a mangwe a a farologaneng a a neng a felela ka maeto a a neng a dirwa ka ngwaga wa 1965 le ngwaga wa 1966 a a neng a lebagane thata le go dira gore go kgonege go tshwara lobelo, e leng se se neng se tlhoka gore go batlisisiwe noka le ditsela tse di fa thoko ga dintshi tsa yone go bona mafelo a mabedi a go kampa a a neng a ka fitlhelelwa. Charles Mason o ne a nna le seabe se segolo mo tirong eo, a atlega mo go tlhatlhobeng noka le ditsela tsa go tsena mo go yone le go tlhotlheletsa balaodi ba ba neng ba le teng gore ba letlelele kgaisano e ntšha mo khalendareng ya go palama diketswana ya Afrika Borwa. O ne a tswelela go fenya kgaisano ya ntlha le Tank Rogers, a fenya Paul Chalupsky le Jimmy Potgieter ka go le gonnye.<ref>Mooney, James (5 July 2017), [https://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203790038-3 "The Colonial and Revolutionary Period—1654–1784",] ''Historical Sketch of the Cherokee'', Routledge, pp. 19–50, doi:10.4324/9780203790038-3, ISBN <bdi>978-0-203-79003-8</bdi>, retrieved 30 May 2020</ref> Chalupsky o ne a tswelela go fenya lobelo lono makgetlo a le supa go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1977. Bafenyi ba bangwe ba le mmalwa ba akaretsa Tony Scott (makgetlo a le marataro go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1984); Robbie Herreveld (makgetlo a le robongwe go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2000); Deon Bruss (makgetlo a le marataro go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2008); Hank McGregor (makgetlo a le supa go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2016). Go robala bosigo mo kampeng ya nakwana mo mokgatšheng o o kwa thoko e ne e le karolo e e patelesegang ya lobelo ka dingwaga di le dintsi mme mo dingwageng tsa bosheng seno se fetogile ka go ema bosigo jaanong go fitlhelelwa bonolo kwa borogong jwa Hella Hella (jaanong ke tshimologo ya letsatsi la bobedi ka tatelano e e fapogileng<ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == kh3ahotsf8fyb91usd302qa4lj7kfv8 0 13432 50360 2026-06-09T08:59:44Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Berg River #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50360 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Berg River''' ke letamo le le boleele jwa di mithara di le masome a marartaro le borobabobedi go ya kwa godimo mo nokeng ya Berg kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le fa gare ga ditoropo tsa Franchhoek le Paarl, ke lone boremelelo jwa porojeke ya metsi a Berg lele agetsweng go tsenya metsi a pula ya mariga le goa beela go nosa [[Cape Town]] ka nako ya komelelo ka dikgwedi tsa selemo. Porejeke e ke bontlha jo bo botlhokwa jwa mafaratlnatlha a metsi a [[Kapa Bophirima]], a e leng mafaratlhatlha a matamo le dikago tsa metsi a a isang metsi mo batho ba le didikadike di le tharo. Kwa pulong ya letamo le ka 2009, tautona wa [[Aforika Borwa]] wa nako eo [[Kgalema Motlanthe]] o ne a re porojeke e o ke sekai sa gore diporojeke tsa dikago di ka dirisiwa go nyeletsa lehuma le go tokafatsa matshelo a batho mo gae.<ref name=":0">[https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/president/sp/2009/sp03051332.htm Presidency of South Africa:Address by President Kgalema Motlanthe at the inauguration of the Berg Water Project, Franschhoek^[]^{''permanent dead link'']}, 5 March 2009, retrieved 09 June 2026</ref> Letamo la Berg River e ne e le letamo la ntlha kwa Aforika Borwa go agiwa go ya ka ditshetlana tsa lekgotla la mafatshefatshe la matamo.<ref name=":1">SouthAfrica.info:[https://www.southafrica.info/business/economy/infrastructure/bergdam-090309.htm#.aifT6XZByM8 Cape's Berg River Dam on line] [https://web.archive.org/web/20100727041913/http://www.southafrica.info/business/economy/infrastructure/bergdam-090309.htm Archived] 27 July 2010 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], 9 March 2009, retrieved 09 June 2026</ref> Le feditswe ka nako ebile le dirisa madi a a neng a le seegeletswe kwa thoko.<ref name=":2">[https://www.tcta.co.za/resources/?resourceid=175 DWAF/City of Cape Town/TCTA A legacy beyond steel and mortar: The Berg Water Project Franschhoek] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205353/http://www.tcta.co.za/resources?resourceid=175 Archived] 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, no date, retrieved 09 June 2026</ref> Kgampu ya Berg River le toropo ya Cape Town di botlhokwa mo kgaolong ya Kapa Bophirima ka gore, le ntswa kgampu e ntsha 3% fela wa metsi a lefatshe leo, 8% ya batho ba lefatshe leo ba nna koo, ebile ba ntsha dipoelo tsa 12% ya dioelo tsa lefatshe.<ref name=":3">[https://www.gov.za/ ADDRESS BY MR RONNIE KASRILS, MP, MINISTER OF WATER AFFAIRS AND FORESTRY, AT THE BERG WATER PROJECT SIGNING CEREMONY ON 15 APRIL 2003, IN CAPE TOWN] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110604112445/http://www.info.gov.za/speeches/2003/03041609461001.htm Archived] 4 June 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], retrieved 09 June 2026</ref> Letamo la Berg River (Letamo la Autshumato) le feditswe ka 2007 le lopile madi a a ka nang ka bilone e le nngwe le didikadike di le tlhano. Le agilwe go ya ka ditshetlana le melawana ya lekgotla la mafatshefatshe la matamo, go nosa Cape Town. == Thulaganyo le kago == Go rulaganyetsa letamo la Berg River go simologile ka 1989 ke lephata la metsi le dikgwa la Aforika Borwa. Tsamaiso e ne ya simolola ka tshekatsheko ya matlhoko a mo isagong le metswedi ya metsi mo kgaolong eo, e ne e akareditse beng gae mo dipuisanong.<ref name=":4">Trans-Caledon Tunnel Authority [https://www.tcta.co.za/article.jsp?menu_id=164 BERG WATER PROJECT (BWP) FRANSCHHOEK] [https://web.archive.org/web/20070206105549/http://www.tcta.co.za/article.jsp?menu_id=164 Archived] 6 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved 09 June 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1995 le 1996, go ne ga diriwa tshekatsheko le tekatekanyo ya tse di ka didirisiwang, tsamaiso e batho le makgotla a le sekete le lekgolo ba tsereng karolo mo go yone. Go ne ga diriwa tshekatsheko ya tikologo le ditlamorago e e tseneletseng ka ngwaga wa 196 le 1997.<ref name=":3" /> Lephata la tsa tikologo le bojanala le ne la dumalana la be la baya monwana porejeke e ka 1999. Ka Moranang 2002, khuduthamaga e ne ya dumalana le go agiwa ga letamo fela fa e le gore toropo ya Cape Town e fokotsa letlhoko la metsi ka 20% ka ngwaga wa 2020.<ref name=":4" /> Kago e ne ya simolola ka Phukwi 2004.<ref name=":5">Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, quoted in Polityorg.za:Sonjica: [https://www.polity.org.za/article/sonjica-sod-turning-of-berg-river-water-project-28072004-2004-07-28 Sod turning of Berg River Water Project], 28 July 2004, retrieved 09 June 2026</ref> Letamo le ne la simolola go baya metsi ka Phukwi 2007, yare ngwaga o o latelang la bo le tletse, ka pula e ne e na thata.<ref name=":1" /> Go ya ka puso ya [[Aforika Borwa]], tshwetso ya go aga letamo e tserwe morago ga go sekaseka ditsela tse dingwe mo go tseneletseng. Go ne go akareditswe le setšhaba mo tsamaisong ya go le aga.<ref name=":5" /> == Dipoelo == [[Setshwantsho:Satellite image of Cape peninsula.jpg|thumb|Toropo ya Cape Town, ka Tlhakole 2000, e tlaa amogela metsi ka letamo la Berg River. ]] Letamo le, le tlaa oketsa metsi a a beilweng go nosa Cape Town, e le lefelo la bobedi ka botona kwa Aforika Borwa, go tswa kwa di mithareng di le makgolo a supa, masome a marataro le borobabobedi go tsena makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi.<ref>City of Cape Town:[https://www.capetown.gov.za/Pages/PageNotFoundError.aspx?requestUrl=https://www.capetown.gov.za/en/Pages/CapeTownsWaterSupplyBoosted.aspx Cape Town’s water supply boosted] [https://web.archive.org/web/20090327102756/http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/Pages/CapeTownsWaterSupplyBoosted.aspx Archived] 27 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, 17 March 2009, retrieved 09 June 2026</ref> Tsamaiso e gape e tlaa tokafatsa go ikaega ka metswedi ya metsi mo kgampung e e tshabelelwang ke komelelo. Go solofetswe gape gore le tlaa nna le seabe mo go tokafatseng boleng jwa metsi kwa mafelong a a kwa teng.<ref name=":3" /> == Ditlamorago mo tikologong le ka fa di ka thibelwang ka teng == Letamo la Berg River e ne e le letamo la ntlha kwa Aforika Borwa go agiwa le go dirisiwa go ya ka ditshetlana le melawana ya lekgotla la mafatshefatshe la matamo.<ref name=":1" /> Go ya ka puso ya Aforika Borwa se se ne sa rurifadiwa ke tshekatsheko ya 2001 ya ditsamaiso tsa porojeke.<ref name=":5" /> Se se diragetse le ntswa setlha sa thulaganyo se tsile pele ga go nna le lekgotla le la matamo, le le tlhamilweng ka 1997 la bega pego ya lone ka 2000. Ka jalo maitemogelo a letamo la Berg River a rotloeditse tiro ya lekgotla, ga se lekgotla le rotloeditseng letamo. Dimela tsa mo gae di lemilwe mo molomong wa letamo, se se netefatsa gore letamo le tshwana le tikologo e e gautshwane.<ref name=":1" /> Ka nako e letamo le neng le agiwa, dijalo tse di sa itsagaleng di ne tsa ntshiwa mo tikologong ya letamo, se se oketsa selekanyo sa metsi a a leng teng go ka bewa le go nna le ditlhare tsa mo gae. Porojeke e diretswe go tshegetsa serodumo sa noka, go akaretsa go ntshiwa ga metsi a a lekanetseng go dira se.<ref name=":1" /> Go ntshiwa ga metsi mo go kwa tlase le mo go kwa godim go tsamaisana sentle le kelelo ya metsi ee tlwaelesegileng. Dipompo tsa letamo di agilwe gore di kgone go ntsha metsi ka bokete jwa di mithara di le makgolo mabedi ka sephatlo sa motsotso, se se dira gore e nne letamo la ntlha kwa Aforika Borwa le le diretsweng gore le fa go le morwalela le kgone go ntsha metsi a a yang mo tikologong.<ref name=":2" /> Thulaganyo ya tikologo e dirilwe, ka mabaka a gore mmereki wa tikologo o o ikemetseng a lebelele a bo a sekaseke gore a mong wa letamo o dira dilo ka fa tsamaisong, lekgotla la mosele wa Caledon le babereki ba banwge. Dikatlego di ne tsa kwalwa mo dipegong tsa kgwedi le kgwedi le mo ditshekatshekong tsa dikgwedi tse thataro. Tshekatsheko ya ntlha e ne ya supa fa go obamelwa tsamaiso ka 82% ya bobedi yone ya supa 96%. Go ya ka kompone e e neng e dira porojeke e, go supilwe fa go sena ditlamorago dipe tse di sa siamang.<ref name=":4" /> Fa godimo ga foo, komiti ya setshaba e tlhamilwe go netefatsa go somarela letamo le.<ref name=":5" /> Toropo ya Kapa e ne ya tlhama leano la go somarela metsi le maikaelelo a lone e neng e le go fokotsa tiriso ya metsi ka go dirisa metsi a a leswe mme a phepafaditswe mo boemong jwa go dirisa metsi a a phepa go nosetsa le mo go tsa madirelo. Ka ntlha ya leano le le ka gore batho ba itse ka botlhokwa jwa metsi eble ba leka ka thata go a somarela, khansele e itemogela tshomarelo ya 25%.<ref name=":1" /> == Go tlwaela seemo sa phetogo ya loapi == Go akanyeditswe fa ka ntlha ya phetogo ya loapi, metsi mo Berg River a ka fokotsega go tswa mo go 75.5 milione metres ka ngwaga go nna 58.9 ka 2030.<ref>John M. Callaway, Daniel B. Louw and Molly Hellmuth:''Benefits and Costs of Measures for Coping with Water and Climate Change:Berg River Basin, South Africa'', in: Fulco Ludwig, Pavel Kabat, Henk van Schaik and Michael van der Valk: [https://www.hydrology.nl/ihppublications/125-climate-change-adaptation-in-the-water-sector.html Climate change adaptation in the water sector] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230510154809/https://www.hydrology.nl/ihppublications/125-climate-change-adaptation-in-the-water-sector.html Archived] 10 May 2023 at the Wayback Machine, London 2009, p. 205–226</ref> Ga go a papamala gore dipalo tse di amana jang le metsi a a mo tsamaisong ya Berg e e neng e le 493million metres ka 2008.<ref>Department of Water Affairs and Forestry[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Other/WMA/19/WCWRSNewsletterMarch09.pdf :Western Cape Water Reconciliation Strategy, Newsletter 5], March 2009, retrieved 09 June 2026</ref> == Madi == Pele porojeke ya Berg e ne e akanyeditswe fa e ka lopa sedikadike se le sengwe, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a supa le bosupa jwa diranta, a fokodiwa go nna sedikadike se le sengwe, makgoo a matlhano, masome a matlhano le bobedi ka 2006 go sena go diriwa diphetogo mo kagong ya letamo.<ref name=":6">The Namibian:[https://www.namibian.com.na/?id=140981&page=archive-read Fitch release on Berg Water Project, 20 December 2006,] retrieved 09 June 2026</ref> porojeke ya Berg e dirilwe ka madi a kanang ka didikadike di le makgolo a matlhano a di ranta, a a adimilweng mo bankeng ya ditlhabololo ya borwa jwa Aforika, didikadike di le makgolo a robabobedi a adimilwe kwa bankeng ya dipeeletso ya kwa Yuropa fa banka ya Absa e adimile didkadike di le makgolo a mararo.<ref name=":4" /> Ka ngwaga wa 2004, Fitch Ratings e ne ya re ke seelo sa sekoloto se se kwa godimo. <ref name=":6" /> Madi a tlaa busiwa ka thekiso ya metsi a mantsi go tswa kwa TCTA go ya lephateng la metsi le dikgwa, lephata la puso, le lone le rekisang metsi ka bontsi kwa toropong ya Cape Town.<ref name=":4" /> Thulaganyo e, e fokotsa tiriso ya madi a mantsi, ka puso e na le sekoloto se se botoka go na le toropo ya Cape Town.<ref name=":6" /> Palo ya batho ba Kapa Bophirima e nnile le seabe mo porojekeng ka go okediwa ga madi a metsi ngwaga le ngwaga go nna 2.% ka 1999 le 2009.<ref name=":0" /> == Tsa botegeniki == [[Setshwantsho:Berg River Dam catchment map.svg|thumb|Mmepe wa letamo la Berg River le lefelo le le le nosang]] Letamo le le ageletsweng ka lokgarapana mme le tladitswe ka maje le, le di mithara di le masome a marartaro le borobabobedi go ya kwa godimo, ka boleele le dimithara di le makgolo a robabongwe, masome a mabedi le borobabongwe. E ka tsenya metsi a selekanyo sa didikadike di le lekgolo le masome a mararo, fa bophara le le di heketara di le makgolo a mane, masome a robabobedi leborobabobedi.<ref name=":4" /> Leano la tlaleletso la letamo le le fapotsa metsi a mariga,a tsena kwa nokeng ya Berg go stwa kwa Franschhoek, Wemmershoek le melatswana e e tshelang kwa Dwars, go oketsa metsi a amo letamong. Metsi a, a pompiwa kwa Drakenstein, ka motselestele wa diphaepe wa dikhilomitahra di robabongwe le botlhano, go boela mo letamong la Berg River.<ref name=":1" /> == Dietsele == Porojeke ya Berg ya metsi e amogetse dietsele tse di latelang: * Seetsele sa Glenrand MIB go bo botegeniki e le jwa bokgabane go tswa kwa Consulting Engineers South Africa * Seetsele sa mafatshefatshe sa tshekatsheko ya ditlamorago mo tikologong go bo tiro ya porojeke e dirilwe ka manontlhotlho * Seetsele sa bokgabane mo botegeniking go tswa kwa lekgotleng la Aforika Borwa la Civil Engineering * Porojeke e e gaisitseng ka 2008<ref name=":2" /> == Metswedi == ioi7jasqlltgea15uopk0rqj4ytuojo 0 13433 50361 2026-06-09T09:12:53Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Cavalla 50361 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Cavally.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Cavally]] '''Noka ya Cavalla''' (e e itsiweng gape jaaka Cavally, Youbou le Diougou) ke noka e e kwa Afrika Bophirima, e e tlhatlogang kwa bokone jwa Mont Nimba kwa [[Guinea]], e elela go ralala [[Ivory Coast]] go boela kwa molelwaneng wa Ivory Coast. E felela kwa Kgogometsong ya Guinea, e e leng dikilometara di le masome a mabedi le motso (13 mi) kwa botlhaba jwa Harper, kwa Liberia. E dira dikarolo tse pedi mo go tse tharo tsa borwa jwa molelwane wa boditšhabatšhaba fa gare ga [[Liberia]] le Ivory Coast. E boleele jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a matlhano le lesome le botlhano (320 mi), mme ke noka e telele go gaisa kwa Liberia.<ref>Bateman, Graham; Victoria Egan; Fiona Gold; Philip Gardner (2000). ''Encyclopedia of World Geography''. New York: Barnes & Noble Books. p. 161. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/1-56619-291-9|<bdi>1-56619-291-9</bdi>.]]</ref> Leina la yone le tserwe go tswa go cavalla horse mackerel e e fitlhelwang mo molomong wa yone. <ref>[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/100547 Cavalla River] at the ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''</ref>Ke legae la [[Chiloglanis normani.]] == Metswedi == btla7df8id4tc5y2mzbnga11fzpxbrn 0 13434 50362 2026-06-09T09:20:32Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya letamo la Voelvlei #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50362 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Voëlvlei dam system map.svg|thumb|mmepe wa letamo la Voelvlei le mesele le dinoka tse di kopanang le lone]] '''Letamo la Voëlvlei''' ke letamo le le kwa [[Kapa Bophirima]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] gaufi le toropo ya Gouda. Lebotana la lone le le agilweng ka mmu le boleele jwa di mithara di le dikete pedi, makgolo a robabongwe, le lesome le di mithara di le lesome go ya kwa godimo. Molatswana o apesa bophara jwa di heketara di le sekete, makgolo a matlhano, masome a mabedi le bone, mme le na le bokgoni jwa go tshwara metsi a selekanyo sa di mega lithara di le dikete di le lekgolo, masome a marataro le borobabobedi,<ref>"List of Registered Dams". Dam Safety Office, Department of Water and Sanitation. Retrieved 09 June 2026</ref> se se dira gore e nne molatswana wa bobedi ka botona mo mafaratlhatlheng a metsi kwa Kapa Bophirima. Metsi a a tswang mo molatswaneng a isiwa kwa go tlhatswiwang metsing teng kwa toropong ya [[Cape Town]] le mmasepala wa kgaolo ya lotshitshi lo lo kwa bophirima, metsi a gape a kgona go isiwa kwa nokeng ya Berg go dirisediwa tsa temothuop kgotsa go tlatsa [[letamo la Misverstand]]. Letamo la Voëlvlei le agilwe ka ngwaga wa 1952 go oketsa selekanyo sa metsi a aka tshwarwang kwa letšheng la Vöelvlei, le le nnileng teng ka ntlha ya petso ya tlholego. Ka letšha le ne le nosa lefelo le se kae fela, mosele o ne wa agiwa go isa metsi kwa molatswaneng go tswa kwa letamong kwa Nuwekloof Pass mo nokeng ya Klein Berg. Go fitlhelela seelo sa metsi kwa Cape Town, lebotana la letamo le ne la golediwa ka 1969, mosele wa bobedi wa agiwa ka 1971 go isa metsi go tswa kwa nokeng ya Leeu le noka ya Vier-en-Twintig, tse di tshelwang ke Groot Winterhoek.<ref>River Health Programme (2004). [https://www.dws.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/berg04/berg.pdf State-of-Rivers Report: Berg River System] (PDF) (Report). Pretoria: Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. p. 26. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-620-32075-3|0-620-32075-3]]</bdi>. Retrieved 09 june 2026</ref> Fa e sale ka 1734 masimo a letamo la Voëlvlei le leng mo go one e ne e le a lolwapa loora Walters, lo lo neng lo le lwa ma Jeremane. Ka ngwaga wa 1948 puso e ne ya tsaya lefatshe leo le tshimo go le dirisetsa porojeke ya go nosetsa ya noka ya Berg. Puso e ne ya duela lolwapa loora Walters madi a a kakang ka diponto di le dikete di le masome mane le bone go ba phimola dikeledi, le kompone ya Vogelvlei Quarries e e neng e rekile mo go setseng ga Volvlei ka 1946 diponto di le dikete di le masome mane le borobabobedi. lolwapa loora Walters lo ne lo sa dumalane le phuduso e la bo la lwantsha puso ka lobaka. Morago ga gore lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le nne lefatshe la puso ya batho ka batho ka 1994 morwa mongwa pele wa lefatshe la Voëlvlei o ne a re o supa fa lefatshe e le la bone go ya ka molao wa lefatshe.<ref>[https://www.wamsys.co.za/cms/modules/media/scripts/documents/document.handler.php?media_files_id=812 Modules]wamsys.co.za [https://web.archive.org/web/20210126221255/https://www.wamsys.co.za/cms/modules/media/scripts/documents/document.handler.php?media_files_id=812 Archived] 26 January 2021 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> == Metswedi == 2aqgiat10uja7w4anbac4zm93n09isu 0 13435 50363 2026-06-09T09:25:24Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Misverstand #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50363 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Misverstand''' ke letamo le le kwa nokeng ya Berg, gaufi le Porterville, kwa [[Kapa Bophirima]], kwa [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref>[https://wanderlog.com/place/details/12714173/misverstand-dam "Misverstand Dam, Saldanha Bay Municipality, South Africa - Reviews, Ratings, Tips and Why You Should Go".] ''Wanderlog''. Retrieved 9 June 2026.</ref> Le agilwe ka 1977, le dirisediwa thata ditirelo tsa mmasepala le madirelo. Borai jwa lone bo kwa godimo. == Metswedi == hweu75wm2c1uqmv69drshcr1chay3ek 0 13436 50364 2026-06-09T09:41:41Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Imo 50364 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Imo river (5).jpg|thumb|Noka ya Imo]] '''Noka ya Imo''' (Igbo: Imo) e kwa borwabotlhaba jwa [[Nigeria]] mme e elela dikilometara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane (150 mi)<ref>Institut français d'Afrique noire (1976). ''Bulletin de l'Institut français d'Afrique noire''. Niger Delta: IFAN. p. 29.</ref> go ya kwa Lewatleng la Atlantic. <ref>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Land and Water Development Division (1997). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VzqBfdeSjgQC&pg=PA92 ''Irrigation potential in Africa''.] Food & Agriculture Org. p. 92. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/92-5-103966-6|<bdi>92-5-103966-6</bdi>.]]</ref>Noka ya yone e bophara jwa dikilometara di ka nna masome a mane mme noka e na le kgogolego ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya dikilometara di le nne tsa dikhubiki le dikete tse pedi le borataro (26 000 )ha ya lefelo le le bongola.<ref>Russell, Nathan C. (1993). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=XuXK2VofYKsC&pg=PA57 Sustainable Food Production in Sub-Saharan Africa: Constraints and opportunities]''. IITA. p. 57. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-131-096-0|<bdi>978-131-096-0</bdi>.]]</ref> <ref>[https://dailytrust.com/nigerian-rivers-among-top-20-polluting-rivers/ "Nigerian rivers among top 20 polluting rivers - Daily Trust"]. [[:en:Daily_Trust|''Daily Trust''.]] Retrieved 2023-09-25.</ref> Dinoka tsa Imo ke Otamiri le Oramirukwa.<ref>Simmers, Ian (1988). NATO (ed.). [https://books.google.com/books?id=W0uvL96OaMoC&pg=PA436 ''Estimation of natural groundwater recharge''.] Springer. p. 436. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/90-277-2632-9|<bdi>90-277-2632-9</bdi>.]]</ref>Noka ya Imo e ne ya phepafadiwa ka fa tlase ga tsamaiso ya bokoloniale ya Borithane ya Nigeria ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa goya ko ngwageng wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le borobabobedi le sekete makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le motso ; pele go ya Aba mme morago go ya Udo gaufi le Umuahia. <ref>Chuku, Gloria (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3jouPZxPC4C&pg=PA152 ''Igbo women and economic transformation in southeastern Nigeria, 1900-1960''.] Routledge. p. 152. ISBN 0-415-97210-8</ref> E na le borogo jwa 830-metre (2,720 ft) kwa kgabaganyong magareng ga Rivers State le Akwa Ibom State. <ref>''The Report: Nigeria 2010''. Oxford Business Group. p. 213. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN <bdi>1</bdi>]]<bdi>-[[:en:Special:BookSources/1-907065-14-8|907065-14-8]]</bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/1-907065-14-8|.]]</ref> == Botlhokwa Jwa Setso == Kwa [[Akwa Ibom State,]] Noka ya Imo e itsege jaaka Noka ya Imoh kgotsa Inyang Imoh e e rayang Noka ya Khumo (Ibibio: Inyang e raya noka kgotsa lewatle, mme Imoh e raya khumo). Modimo wa noka eno, kgotsa [[Alusi,]] ke Imo wa sesadi, yo batho ba ba nnang gaufi le noka eno ba mo tlotlang e le mong wa noka eno. Karolwana ya logong e e gaufi le Noka ya Imo. Moletlo wa Alusi o tshwarwa ngwaga le ngwaga magareng ga kgwedi ya Motsheganong le Phukwi. <ref>Uzor, Peter Chiehiụra (2004). ''The traditional African concept of God and the Christian concept of God''. Peter Lang. p. 310. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/3-631-52145-6|<bdi>3-631-52145-6</bdi>.]]</ref> == Kgotlelo == Noka ya Imo e begilwe ke [[Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe wa Boitekanelo]] e le nngwe ya dinoka tse di kgotletsweng thata kwa Nigeria.<ref>Sesan (2017-12-16). [https://punchng.com/nigerias-perilous-pollution-indices/ "Nigeria's perilous pollution indices"]. [[:en:The_Punch|''The Punch''.]] Retrieved 2023-09-13.</ref> Mekgwa e e farologaneng ya go samagana le kgotlelo ya Noka ya Imo le melatswana ya yone e ne ya lekwa ke Mokgatlho wa Naga wa Imo wa Metsi le Kgelelo ya Metsi (ISWSC), mekgatlho ya baagi jaaka Open Arms Initiative for Sustainable Development (OPAISD), diporojeke tse di farologaneng tsa go tsosolosa metsesetoropo, dikamano tsa kgaolo jaaka Anambra-Imo River Basin Development Authority (AIRBDA), le Banka ya Lefatshe. Maiteko ano a ne a akaretsa go tokafatsa mafaratlhatlha, go dira dithulaganyo tsa go phepafatsa metsi, go laola merwalela le go kgoreletsa go gogolega ga mmu, le go gagamatsa tiragatso ya molao kgatlhanong le go latlhelwa ga matlakala le go agiwa ga dikago mo dintshing tsa dinoka. == Metswedi == bkw9olno7ym745a01h6dj99agpclwlo 0 13437 50366 2026-06-09T09:43:31Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Klein Berg #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Klein Berg|image_map=South Africa Western Cape relief location map.svg|map_caption=Kwa Klein Berg e kopanang teng le Berg|river_name=Klein-Bergrivier|mouth=[[Noka ya Berg]]|origin=Groot Winterhoek|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|location=[[Kapa Bophirima]]}} '''Noka ya Klein Berg''' (kgotsa '''Noka ya Little Berg'''; ka teme ya Afrikaans ''Klein-Bergrivier'') ke noka e e tshelang mo nokeng ya Berg kwa [[Kapa Bophirima]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Noka ya Klein Berg e tsaya metsi kwa kgampung ya Tulbagh e feta ka Nuwekloof e tshela kwa Swartland, kwa e kopanang teng le Berg. Kgampu ya Tulbagh e thibetswe ke dithaba tsa Obiqua le Waterval kwa Bophirima, kwa bokone ke Groot Winterhoek, kwa botlhaba ke Witzenberg. kwa borwa e kgaogantswe ke mokgatsha wa Breede River ke mathudi a metsi a a fetang mo toropong ya Wolseley. Klein Berg e feta mo mekgokoloseng ya Groot Winterhoek e tsaya metsi kwa bokoneng jwa kgampu, fa noka e e tshelang mo go yone thata ya Boontjies e rswa kwa Witzenberg e tsaya metsi mo borwa jwa kgampu. Metswedi e mebedi e, e kopana kwa molomong o o kwa botlhaba wa Nuwekloof, e le mogogoro o mosesane mo dithabeng tsa Obiqua. Kwa Nuwekloof noka e kganetswe ke letamo le le faposang metsi go ya kwa letamong la Voelvlei. Fa e tswa kwa kloof. Klein Berg e feta ka toropo ya Gouda pele ga e tsena kwa nokeng ya Berg gaufi le Saron. Letamo le le kwa Nuwekloof Pass le faposa metsi a a di mithara di le sedikadike le bosupa ka letsatsi, ka selemo e ka nna metsi otlhe a a tsenang mo nokeng e o. Botsogo jwa noka bo amiwa ke metsi a aleswe a toropo a a tswang kwa Tulbagh le ka metsi a temothuo.<ref>River Health Programme (2004). [https://www.dws.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/state_of_rivers/berg04/berg.pdf State-of-Rivers Report: Berg River System] (PDF) (Report). Pretoria: Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. pp. 25–28. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-620-32075-3|0-620-32075-3]]</bdi>. Retrieved 09 June 2026</ref> Mokgatsha wa Nuwekloof o o dirilweng ke noka ya Klein berg ke yone fela stela e e fetang ka dithaba go ya botlhaba jwa Cape Town, ebile go lobaka e dirisediwa tsa dipalamo. Tsela ya dikoloi tsa dipitse e ne ya agiwa go kgabaganya kloof ka dingwaga tsa 1750; gompieno ke bontlha jwa tsela ya [[R46]]. Seporo go tswa kwa [[Cape Town]] go tsena mo motseng se agilwe go kgabaganya kloof ka 1875. == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Noka ya Klein]] * [[Noka ya Berg]] == Metswedi == hkifnaii3mgtpkex6age7hceuocbi69 0 13438 50367 2026-06-09T09:49:21Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse stebe ya Noka ya Klein #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Klein|image_name=Klein River meets Atlantic Ocean (Walker Bay, South Africa 2014).jpg|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|mouth=[[Lewatle la Atlantic]]|location=[[Kapa Bophirima]]|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|mouth_elevation=0 m (0 ft)}} '''Noka ya Klein''' ke noka e e kwa [[Kapa Bophirima]] jwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Molomo wa noka o kwa Hermanus. Nngwe ya dinoka tse e di tshelang ke ya Karringmelk. E wela mo mafaratlhatlheng a go gopa metsi a system G.<ref>[http://www.overberg.co.za/content/view/206/28/ "Welcome to the Cape Overberg, South Africa - The Klein River".] ''www.overberg.co.za''. Retrieved 09 June 2026</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Klein River Cheese Gruberg.jpg|left|thumb|Cheese ya noka ya Klein]] == Metswedi == euoezma3jbja34vtt353gvmvymq4yyw 0 13439 50370 2026-06-09T10:03:00Z VNGao 10152 VNGao moved page [[Limpopo River]] to [[Noka ya Limpopo]]: Sethogo a se a kwalwa sentle 50370 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Noka ya Limpopo]] mdr3e6v7sbxj6uzut264a8mh3p66w1e 0 13440 50371 2026-06-09T10:04:40Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA UMGENI 50371 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Blue Lagoon, d, Umgenirivier, Durban.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Umgeni]] '''Noka ya Umgeni''' kgotsa Noka ya Mgeni (Zulu: uMngeni) ke noka mo KwaZulu-Natal, [[Aforika Borwa|Afrika Borwa.]] E elela kwa "Dargle" kwa KZN Midlands, mme molomo wa yone o kwa Durban, sekgala se se rileng kwa bokone jwa boemakepe jwa tlholego jwa Durban. Go dumelanwa ka kakaretso gore leina la yone le raya "noka ya botseno" ka Sezulu, le fa go ntse jalo go ne ga akantshiwa bokao jo bongwe.<ref>du Plessis, E.J. (1973). ''Suid-Afrikaanse berg- en riviername''. Tafelberg-uitgewers, Cape Town. pp. 277, 278. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-624-00273-X|0-624-00273-X]]</bdi>.</ref><ref>Raper, P.E. (2004). ''South African Place Names''. Jonathan Ball, Jhb & Cape Town. p. 245. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/1-86842-190-2|1-86842-190-2]]</bdi>.</ref> Noka eno e boleele jwa dikilometara di ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a mararo le bobedi (232) mme e na le kgaolo ya dikilometara di le dikete tse nne le makgolo a mane le masome a mararo le bobodi (4,432) tsa sekwere. Diphororo tsa Howick ke diphororo tse di itsegeng thata mo nokeng ya Mngeni. == Dithuso == Noka e nngwe e e botlhokwa ke Noka ya Msunduzi, e e e kopanyang le yone fa gare ga matamo a Nagle le Inanda. Kwa godimo ga tsela ya yone, Msunduzi (kgotsa 'Dusi' ka bokhutshwane) e ralala motsemoshate wa KwaZulu-Natal, [[Pietermaritzburg]]. Lobelo lo lo itsegeng thata lo lo dirwang fa noka e ntse e elela, e leng Dusi Canoe Marathon lo tshwarwa fa gare ga motsemogolo le Durban, lo ngoka diketekete tsa batho ba ba dirisang diketswana go ya mo kgaisanong eno ya malatsi a le mararo e e tshwarwang ngwaga le ngwaga ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong. Noka e nnye e e nang le tshusumetso e e fetang bogolo le boleele jwa yone ke Noka ya Lions e e kopanelang le Umgeni dikilometara di ka nna nne (4) kwa godimo ga Letamo la Midmar (gaufi le Lidgetton). Botlhokwa jwa yone bo ikaegile ka ntlha ya gore ke karolo ya thulaganyo ya go fetisa metsi magareng ga Noka ya Mooi (Spring Grove Dam) le Umgeni. Noka e nnye e e gaufi le molomo wa yona ke Noka ya Palmiet e e boleele jwa masome a mabedi le borataro (26 km), e e sa tshwanelang go tlhakatlhakanngwa le Noka ya Palmiet kwa Kapa Bophirima.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110724141321/http://www.palmiet.za.net/flooding.htm "Palmiet Nature Reserve Flooding"]. Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2012-03-12.</ref> == Matamo == Ga jaana Umgeni ke karolo ya Mvoti to Umzimkulu Water Management Area. Go na le matamo a le mane a magolo mo lefelong le le nang le metsi: Letamo la Albert Falls Letamo la Inanda Letamo la Midmar Letamo la Nagle == Tikologo == Tlhapi e e serolwana ya scaly (Labeobarbus natalensis) ke tlhapi e e fitlhelwang mo Umgeni River System mmogo le kwa Umzimkhulu, Thukela, Umkhomazi le Umfolozi. Ke mofuta o o tlwaelesegileng wa kwa KwaZulu-Natal mme o nna mo mafelong a a farologaneng magareng ga kwa tlase ga Drakensberg le kwa mafelong a a kwa tlase a a gaufi le lotshitshi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170629065416/http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/KV212-web-conservation.pdf "Technical Report on the State of Yellowfishes in South Africa 2007"] (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-06-29. Retrieved 2012-03-29</ref><ref>Agunbiade, Foluso O.; Moodley, Brenda (2014-07-16). [https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-014-3926-z "Pharmaceuticals as emerging organic contaminants in Umgeni River water system, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa". ''Environmental Monitoring and Assessment''.] '''186''' (11): 7273–7291. Bibcode:2014EMnAs.186.7273A. doi:10.1007/s10661-014-3926-z. ISSN 0167-6369. <nowiki>PMID 25027777</nowiki>. S2CID 25955776.</ref> == Ditso == Go akanngwa gore Vasco da Gama o ne a tlatsa metsi a dikepe tsa gagwe kwa molomong wa Umgeni ka Letsatsi la Keresemose, ka ngwaga wa 1497, mme ka jalo a bitsa kgaolo eo Natal, e leng leina la Sepotokisi le le rayang Keresemose. Go tswa foo noka eno e ne ya bidiwa "Noka ya Natal". Dingwaga di le lekgolo le masome a mararo (130) morago ga moo, Nathaniel Isaacs o ne a kgabaganya Umgeni fa a ne a ya go etela [[Shaka|Shaka.]] Ka nako nngwe pele ga kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa 1825, bajaki le baagi ba ba neng ba eteletswe pele ke Francis Farewell ba ne ba simolola go aga Fort Farewell magareng ga Noka ya uMngeni le [[Port Natal.]]<ref>Isaacs, Nathaniel (1836). [[iarchive:travelsadventure01isaa|''Travels and adventures in eastern Africa''.]] London: Edward Churton. pp. 30–33.</ref> == Metswedi == 8i8hpkrhp08dd2mf18vqdtissra2h1x 0 13441 50372 2026-06-09T10:07:56Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Oba 50372 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Oba''' (Yoruba: Odo Ọba) ke noka mo Oyo le [[Osun]] States mo Nigeria. Ke noka e kgolo e e tsenang mo Nokeng ya Osun. Naga eno e farologana go tloga ka sekgwa se se nang le ditlhare kwa bokone go ya go dikgwa tsa pula kwa borwa. Bontsi jwa batho ba ba nnang go bapa le yone ba lema le go tshwara ditlhapi. == Leina == [[Setshwantsho:Katsushika Tokyo Ooba River Most Downstream 1.JPG|thumb|Noka ya Ooba]] Noka ya Ọba e teeletswe ka modimo wa sesadi [[Ọba,]] mongwe wa basadi ba ga [[Shango,]] modimo wa [[Yoruba]] wa tumo ya maru. Basadi ba bangwe ba gagwe e ne e le [[Ọshun]] le Ọya. <ref name=":0">[[:en:Oba_River#CITEREFHill2007|Hill 2007,]] p. 51</ref> Go ya ka ditlhamane, Ọshun o ne a tsietsa Ọba gore a mo kgaole tsebe mme a e tsenye mo dijong tsa ga Shango, a re e tla mo itumedisa. Fa Shango a lemoga se Ọba a se dirileng o ne a goa a galefile mme Osun le Oba ba tshaba ba tshogile, ba retologela mo dinokeng tse pedi. Ke ka lebaka leo lefelo le dinoka tsa Osun le Oba di kopanang mo go lone le nang le metsi a mantsi jaana. <ref name=":0" /> == Tsela == Noka ya Oba ke nngwe ya dinoka tse ditona tse di tsenang mo Nokeng ya Osun. E tlhatlogela kwa bokone jwa [[Ogbomosho]] kwa Oyo State. <ref>[[:en:Oba_River#CITEREFAdeboyeAlatise2008|Adeboye & Alatise 2008]], p. 76.</ref>Noka e elela go feta Ogbomosho, koo e thibelwang teng.<ref name=":1">[[:en:Oba_River#CITEREFAdegbite2014|Adegbite 2014.]]</ref>Ogbomoso Reservoir mo nokeng ya Oba e ne ya wediwa ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bone , e akaretsa kgaolo ya diheketara tse 137.6 (340 acres) mme e na le bokgoni jwa go boloka 3,520 megalitres (124×106 cu ft).<ref>[[:en:Oba_River#CITEREFAkintolaGbadegesin1997|Akintola & Gbadegesin 1997,]] p. 315.</ref> Letamo le fepiwa ke dinoka tsa Idekun, Eeguno, Akanbi Kemolowo, Omoogun le Yàkù, mme le na le kgaolo ya dikilometara tse makgolo a mararo le masome a mabedi le bongwe tsa sekwere. [ citation needed ] Noka ya Oba e elela go ya kwa borwa go tswa kwa letamong go fitlha e kopana le Noka ya Oshun fela fa godimo ga lefelo la Odo Oba. Metse e e fa thoko ga yone go tswa kwa bokone go ya kwa borwa e akaretsa Apo, Iluju, Obada, Mosunmade, Otuokun, Bale, Olori le Olumoye. Noka eno e na le noka e nngwe e e elelang kafa molemeng go tswa kwa Obada le noka e nngwe e e elelang kafa molemeng go ya kwa borwa jwa Olori. Noka ya bobedi e e elelang e feta Ife Odan.<ref name=":2">[[:en:Oba_River#CITEREFOlafisoye2011|Olafisoye 2011,]] p. 357.</ref> Noka ya Ọba e kopana le Noka ya Ọ̀ṣun ka metseletsele ya dinokana.[<ref name=":0" />Dinoka tse pedi di kopana kwa ntlheng ya bokone jwa Asejire Reservoir. <ref name=":2" /> == Tikologo == Seemo sa bosa sa kwa karolong e e kwa godimo ya noka go dikologa Ogbomoso e na le dithemperetšha tse di kwa godimo ka metlha, ka dipula tse di fa gare go ya go tse di bokete ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe go ko go ya Phukwi. Palogare ya pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga ke 1,247 millimetres (49.1 in). Dimela tsa teng di tswa mo sekgweng, fa gare ga sekgwa sa sekgwa sa bokone le dikgwa tsa pula tsa kgaolo ya Ibadan.<ref>[[:en:Oba_River#CITEREFAdabanijaSunmonu2010|Adabanija & Sunmonu 2010,]] p. 51</ref> Patlisiso e e gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone e fitlhetse gore ditlhapi mo Ogbomoso Reservoir di ne di tshwaeditswe ke dipharasaete tse di ka bakang kotsi mo bathong. Noka ya Oba e kgotletswe thata, e mo setlhopheng sa V mo sekaleng sa Prati. Go na le phefo ya okosejene e nnye kgotsa ga e yo gotlhelele mo metsing. <ref>[[:en:Oba_River#CITEREFOlafisoye2011|Olafisoye 2011]], p. 361</ref> Metswedi ya kgotlelo e akaretsa metsi a a leswe le matlakala a mo gae le a mo mmarakeng, mme e akaretsa dilo tse dintsi tse di sa direng sepe tse di sa senyegeng motlhofo.<ref>[[:en:Oba_River#CITEREFOlafisoye2011|Olafisoye 2011, p]]. 360</ref> == Itsholelo == Batho ba ba leng go bapa le noka ya Oba ba dira temothuo le go tshwara ditlhapi. <ref>[[:en:Oba_River#CITEREFOlafisoye2011|Olafisoye 2011,]] p. 356.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa tiriso ya lefatshe go dikologa Ogbomoso Reservoir e ne e le 71.9% ya sekgwa, 4.9% ya masimo a a lengwang le 23.2% ya masimo a a sa jalwang. Ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi go ne go dirisiwa naga ya sekgwa ka 23.5%, ya mmu o o lengwang ka 60.5% le ya mmu o o sa jalwang ka 16.0%. Dijalo tsa konokono e ne e le mmidi le merogo, segolobogolo okra. Balemibarui ba ne ba dirisa monontsha o o nang le naeterojene thata. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone badiri ba kwa dipolaseng go tswa kwa bokone jwa Nigeria ba ne ba simolotse go dira temothuo ya go nosetsa mo molapong wa Noka ya Oba kwa Ikose, Ogbomoso North Local Government le Iluju, Ikoyi-Ile, Orire Local Government kwa Oyo State. Ba ne ba dirisa dipompo go tsaya metsi go tswa kwa Nokeng ya Oba, gantsi ba a tsamaisa ka diphaepe sekgala sa kilometara kgotsa go feta go ya kwa masimong a bone a temo. <ref name=":1" />Dijalo di akaretsa merogo, okra, mmidi, mae a tshingwana le mmidi. Balemibarui ba ne ba bona marekisetso a a siametseng go rekwa ke bareki ba ba tswang kwa metseng ya Osun, Ondo le Oyo. Temothuo ya go nosetsa ga e a tlwaelega mo kgaolong eno ka gore pula e na thata, mme e tlwaelegile kwa dmetseng e e kwa bokone kwa balemibarui ba tswang teng. <ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == suyt4cpow04i7mgw8fyde8ropud6lby 0 13442 50374 2026-06-09T10:14:11Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Moa 50374 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Moa''' ('''Noka ya Makona)''' ke noka ya Afrika Bophirima. E tlhoga kwa dithabeng tsa Guinea mme e elela kwa borwabophirima, e bopa dikarolo tsa Guinea  -  [[Liberia]] le Guinea  - [[Sierra Leone|Sierra Leone.]] E elela mo porofenseng ya Borwa ya Sierra Leone. [[Yenga]], Setlhaketlhake sa Tiwai le [[Sulima]] di mo Moa. == Metswedi == ex6lxojyvfgc2w7j90wc9rlxhsgva1r 0 13443 50375 2026-06-09T10:22:52Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Queme 50375 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Oueme River Cotonou Atlantic.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Queme]] '''Noka ya Ouémé''', gape e bidiwa Weme (puo ya SeYoruba: Odò Ofe, dipuo tsa SeGbe: Weme) ke noka ya kwa Benin. <ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Oueme-River "Ouémé River | river, Africa | Britannica".] ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 7 July 2023.</ref> E tlhoga mo Dithabeng tsa Atakora, mme e boleele jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a matlhano le lesome . E elela go feta ditoropo tsa Carnotville le Ouémé go ya kwa lekadibeng le letona le le mo Kgogometsong ya Guinea gaufi le toropo ya boemakepe ya Cotonou. Dinoka tse ditona tse di elelang mo go yone ke Noka ya Okpara le Noka ya Alpouro. == Tlhaloso == Noka ya Ouémé ke noka e tona go di feta tsotlhe mo Repaboliking ya Benin. E fa gare ga 6° 30° le 10° north latitude le 0° 52' le 3° 05' east longitude. Alain 2018[full citation needed]). E kgabaganya dikgaolo di le mmalwa tsa temothuo le tikologo mme e feta kwa tlase ga noka, thulaganyo ya lekadiba  ( 'Lake Nokoué-lagoon ya Porto-Novo' ) ka kgaolo ya Letsha. Letsha le le kwa tlase ya Ouémé, e fa gare ga latitude 6° 33'N le 8° 15' le meridians 1° 50' le 2° 00' (Zinsou et al., 2016). Delta e e kwa tlase ya Ouémé e simolola kwa morago ga mmasepala wa Adjohoun mo kgaolong ya Ouémé mme e felela kwa ntlheng ya borwa kwa noka e elelang kwa lefelong la letamo la Nokoué-Porto-Novo (Lalèyè et al., 2004). Mofuta wa tlelaemete ya kwa tlase ga ekhweitha, e e nang le dipaka tse pedi tsa dipula le dipaka tse pedi tsa komelelo. Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, tsamaiso ya yone ya metsi e ikaegile ka seemo sa bosa saSudan (kwa bokone jwa Benin) ka paka ya metsi a a kwa tlase gantsi e tsaya dikgwedi di le supa (Ngwanatsele go ya Seetebosigo) le paka ya merwalela (Phukwi go ya Diphalane) (Lalèyè, 1995). Dimela tse di tlhogang mo lefelong leno di na le mafelo a a nang le dimela tse di kokobalang tse di nang le di-hyacinth tsa metsi (Eichornia crassipes), dithunya tsa metsi (Nymphaea lotus), lettuce ya metsi (Pistoia stratiotes) le lemna (Lemna pairciostata). Gape go na le dikgwa tse di sa tlhabololwang tse di nang le ditlhatshana, tse di nang le ditlhare tsa Raphia palm (Raphia hookeri) le tsa mokolane wa oli (Elaeis guineensis). Karolo ya mokgatšha e e khurumeditsweng ke metsi e na le ditlhapi tse dintsi (Zinsou et al., 2016). == Metswedi == hmz3130q67a79ta23xhct27y0cv1n6m 0 13444 50377 2026-06-09T10:34:14Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA UMFOLOZI 50377 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Umfolozi''' (mmogo le uMfolozi, Imfolozi kgotsa Mfolozi) ke noka ya [[KwaZulu-Natal]], porofense ya Aforika Borwa. E bopilwe ke go kopana ga dinoka tsa Black (Imfolozi emnyama) le White Umfolozi (Imfolozi emhlope) gaufi le molelwane wa borwabotlhaba wa Hluhluwe-Umfolozi Game Reserve. Leina la isiZulu imFolozi ka kakaretso le tsewa go tlhalosa tsela ya zigzag e e latelwang ke dinoka tse pedi tse, le fa ditlhaloso tse dingwe di neetswe.<ref>du Plessis, E.J. (1973). ''Suid-Afrikaanse berg- en riviername''. Tafelberg-uitgewers, Cape Town. p. 273. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-624-00273-X|0-624-00273-X]]</bdi>.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:St Lucia Estuary ISS006-E-38182.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se se supang Noka ya Umfolozi]] Noka eno e elela e lebile kwa botlhaba go ya kwa Lewatleng la India kwa Maphelana, lefelo le le fa lotshitshing la lewatle le le kwa borwa jwa St Lucia River. Kwa tshimologong e ne e itsoketsa mo Monzi Flats, koo e neng ya kgaogana go nna melatswana e mentsi e e elelang ka bonya pele e tsena mo St. Lucia Estuary kwa Honeymoon Bend. Metsi a a neng a elela ka bonya le matlhare a lotlhaka a a neng a le mo dikaleng a ne a dira jaaka thulaganyo ya tlholego ya go phepafatsa e e neng e tlosa seretse mo metsing a morwalela a Umfolozi mme a dira gore go nne le ditshedi di le dintsi. == Tikologo == Ka dingwaga tsa bo1950, Mokgatlho wa Beng ba Lefatshe wa Umfolozi o ne wa thibela noka eno gore e se ka ya phunyeletsa kwa Monzi Flats gore go nne le dipolasi tsa mmidi wa sukiri. Kanale e ntšha ya Umfolozi e ne ya dira gore metsi a a neng a sa tlhotlhwa a ntshe seretse sa one fa a sena go tsena mo nokeng e e tsamayang ka bonya ya St. Noka ya Lucia. Seno se ne sa dira gore molomo wa noka eno o khurumediwe ka bonako. Go ne go na le pego e le nngwe fela ya seno se se neng sa diragala go fitlha ka nako eo, ka nako ya leuba le le neng la tswelela pele ka dingwaga tsa bo1930. Kwa 28°20′58′′S 31°58′46′′E noka ya Black Umfolozi le noka ya White Umfolozi, di kopana go bopa noka ya Umfolozi. == Dikarolo tsa yone == Ke noka e e itsoketsang, e e nang le kgaolo ya metsi e e ka nnang 11,068 km3. E bophara jwa dimetara di le 38 gaufi le molomo wa yone, e na le tsela e e sekameng ya 0.36 m/km. Palogare ya bophara jwa matheriale wa bolao ke 0.35 mm (moshawa).<ref name=":0">Hanibal Lemma, and colleagues (2019). "Bedload transport measurements in the Gilgel Abay River, Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia". ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''577''' 123968. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019JHyd..57723968L Bibcode:2019JHyd..57723968L]. doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.123968. S2CID 199099061.</ref> === Mathata a sediment === Dinoka di rwala ditone di le dimilione di le 1,4 tsa sediment go ya kwa lewatleng ngwaga le ngwaga. Puso e ne ya simolola tiro e e neng e ja madi a mantsi ya go epolola metsi mo lefelong le le gaufi le molomo wa noka, mme ga e a ka ya atlega. Morago ga dingwaga di le dintsi tsa go epolola, leano le le latelang e ne e le go thibela Noka ya Umfolozi gore e se ka ya tsena mo molomong wa St. Lucia.<ref name=":0" /> Noka ya Umfolozi e ne ya tsenngwa ka tlhamalalo mo lewatleng kwa Maphelana. Tlhotlheletso ya tshwetso eno e tswelela pele; seretse se se tswang mo nokeng gantsi se tsewa ke diphefo tse di maatla tsa borwa go ya kwa bokone jwa Sodwana Bay, e e bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le lekgolo (100). Diphetogo tseno di tshosetsa maje a dikorale, a a dirang gore ditlhapi di tshele le go sireletsa lotshitshi. Mo godimo ga moo, go tsenya mo kotsing go thuma ka dinoka mo Cape Vidal, e e leng karolo ya iSimangaliso Wetland Park, e e leng lefelo la UNESCO la Ngwao ya Lefatshe Lotlhe. === Ditlhapi === Tlhapi e e serolwana ya scaly yellowfish (Labeobarbus natalensis) ke tlhapi e e fitlhelwang mo Umfolozi River System mmogo le kwa Umzimkulu, Umkomazi, Tugela le Mgeni. Ke mofuta o o tlwaelesegileng wa kwa KwaZulu-Natal mme o nna mo mafelong a a farologaneng magareng ga kwa tlase ga Drakensberg le kwa mafelong a a kwa tlase a a gaufi le lotshitshi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170629065416/http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/KV212-web-conservation.pdf "Technical Report on the State of Yellowfishes in South Africa 2007"] (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-06-29. Retrieved</ref> == Metswedi == 5cij8osvageyzqotq4z7f1lmp5vy310 0 13445 50379 2026-06-09T10:50:50Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Berg #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 50379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Berg|river_name=Bergrivier|image_name=BergRiverDam.jpg|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|caption=[[Letamo la Berg River]]|map_caption=Molomo wa noka ya Berg|origin=[[Kapa Bophirima]]|basin_countries=[[Aforika borwa]]|location=Drakenstein|mouth=[[Lewatle la Atlantic]]}} '''Noka ya Berg''' (e gape e bidiwang '''Noka ya Great Berg''' kgotsa ka teme ya Afrikaans: Bergrivier) ke noka e e kwa bokone jwa [[Cape Town]] kwa kgaolong ya [[Kapa Bophirima]] jwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. E dikhilomithara di ka nna makgolo a mabedi, masome a robabongwe le bone ka boleele ka bophara jwa lefelo le e le nosang le ka nna dikhilomithara di le dikete supa, makgolo a supa, lesome le botlhano, e tshela kwa lewatleng la Atlantic. 65% wa lefelo la noka ya Berg le ka fa tlase ga temothuo. Ditoropo tsa boremelelo kwa kgaolong ya noka ya Berg ke Velddrif le Laaiplek gaufi le lotshitshi, le Piketberg, Hopefield, Moorreesburg le Darling kwa teng ga motse. == Motsamao wa noka == [[Setshwantsho:The Kromriver, Western Cape.jpg|thumb|Noka ya krom e tshela kwa Matjiesriver e fetela kwa nokeng ya Berg]] Noka ya Berg e ka kgaoganngwa ka dikarolo tse di latelang:<ref name=":0">Department of Water Affairs and Forestry (2004). ''[https://www.dwa.gov.za/IWQS/rhp/state_of_rivers/berg04/berg.pdf State of River Report: Berg River System]'' (PDF). Pretoria: Department of Water and Sanitation, Republic of South Africa. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-620-32075-7|978-0-620-32075-7]]</bdi>. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120521162244/http://www.dwa.gov.za/IWQS/rhp/state_of_rivers/berg04/berg.pdf Archived] (PDF) from the original on 21 May 2012.</ref> * Berg o o kwa godimo le kwa e tshelang teng E ya kwa borwa jwa Franschhoek kwa Drakenstein le dithaba tsa Franschhoek, e elelela kwa bokone bophirima, e kopantshiwa ke noka ya Franshhoek le Wemmershoek go tswa kwa mojeng. Karolo e ya noka e ntsha boraro kwa metsi a Berg. * Legare la bo godimo jwa noka ya Berg le kwa e tshelang teng Karolo e e simolola gaufi le lefelo la bonno la Pniel, kwa noka e fapogelang kwa bokone mo borwa jwa N1, e kopanngwa ke noka ya Dwars kwa molemeng (bophirima), e elelele go feta toropo ya Paarl, e kopanngwa ke noka ya Hugos go tswa kwa mojeng (botlhaba). Morago ga dithaba tsa Paarl (Paardeberg) kwa molemeng, e tswelela kwa bokone e tsena ka mokgatsha o o nang le tiriso ya temothuo ee kwa godimo,e fete ka toropo ya Wellington, e kopantshiwe ke noka ya Krom go tswa kwa mojeng. Melatswana ya Hugos le Krom ke e e nnang e elela fela e tsaya metsi kwa dithabeng tsa Limietberg kwa botlhaba. Go tswa kwa Wellingotn, noka ya Sand le ya Doring di stena go tswa kwa molemeng, ya bofelo mo karolong e ke Kompagnes go tswa kwa mojeng. Dinoka tsa Sand, Doring le Kompagnes ke melatswana e e nnang le metsi ka dipaka dingwe, ga di elele ka selemo. Noka ya Sand le ya Doring di tsaya metsi kwa Kasteelberg le Riebfor Forest Reserve kwa bophirima. * Noka ya Berg kwa legareng le kwa e tshelang teng Noka ya Klein Berg e e tshelwang ke kgampu ya Tulbagh, le noka ya Vier-en Twintig e e tshelwang ke Groot Winterhoek, di tsena mo nokeng ya Berg di tswa kwa botlhaba gaufi le toropo ya Saron, le ntswa bontsi jwa metsi a yone jaanong a fapogela go tlatsa [[letamo la Voelvlei]]. * Boka ya Berg kwa tlase le kwa e tshelang teng E elelela kwa lewatleng la Atlantic gaufi le Velddrif kwa borwa jwa St Heleba. == Ditso == Mokwalo wa ntlha wa noka ya Berg kwa Yuropa o dirilwe ke Abraham Gabbema ka 1657 ga mookamedi wa Dutch Jan van Ribeeck a mo roma go rekisetsa ba Khoikhoi nama gore a reke lefelo le le kwa Kapa. Gabbema o ne a bitsa noka e Groot Berg, Mo dingwageng tse di latelang bontsi jwa banna ba ga Riebeeck ba ne ba ikaegile ka metsi a noka ba e sala morago fa ba kwa bokone. Lefelo le le nosiwang ke Berg ga le a tlhabololwa go fitlhelela mookamedi Simon van der Stel a goroga (1679 go tsena 1699), pele go ne go nniwa fela kwa Peninsula. Mookamedi van der Stel o etetse lefelo leo lantlha le bahumi ba ba neng ba na le nako, ba kgatlhiwa ke bontle le go nona ga noka ya Berg, o ne a tlhoma bonno jwa ntlha jwa ma Yuropa kwa Paarl kwa mokgatsheng wa Drakenstein ka 1687. Wellington, Franschhoek le Tulbagh di agilwe morago fa masimo a ntse a atologa. == Tikologo == Pego ya 2004 ya puso ya noka e e ne e re: "mo ditsong, noka ya Berg e ne e le bonno jwa dikubu tse dintsi kwa kapa, mme ka dingwaga tsa 1600 di ya bokhutlong, batsomi ba ne ba simolola go tsoma dikubu thata ba di tsomela nama ya tsone le matlalo, se sa baka go ya tlase ga dipalo tsa tsone. Ka dingwaga tsa 1700 di le fa gare, di ne di ile kwa tlase mo mookamedi tulbagh a neng a ntsha katlholo ya madi a le sekete mo go ope o o bolayang kubu. Le ntswa di ne di sireletsegile jaanong, ke di le lesome le bobedi fela tse di neng di setse, di tsere boagedi kwa kgaolong ya Kersefontein. ka ngwaga wa 1829, go ne go setse dikubu di le thataro fela. Kubu ya bofelo e go neng go itsewe ka yone e ne ya thuntshiwa ke Martin Melck ka 1869 fa e tlhasela e bo e bolaya mongwe wa babereki ba gagwe."<ref name=":0" /><ref>Skead, Cuthbert John (1980). ''Historical Mammal Incidence in the Cape Province: The Western and Northern Cape''. [[:en:Cape_Town|Cape Town]]: Department of Nature and Environmental Conservation of the Provincial Administration of the Cape of Good Hope. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7984-0106-7|<bdi>978-0-7984-0106-7</bdi>.]]</ref> Ditlhapi tsa noka ya Berg di na le tse di fitlhelwang fela mo kgaolong eo di tshwana le Cape galaxias le Berg River redfin.<ref>[https://www.ru.ac.za/static/affiliates/am/m&g/mg17.htm Albany Museum - Freshwater Ichthyology^[]</ref><ref name=":1">Woodford, Darragh J.; Impson, N. Dean (2004). "A preliminary assessment of the impact of alien rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on indigenous fishes of the upper Berg River, Western Cape Province, South Africa". ''African Journal of Aquatic Science''. '''29''' (1): 107–111. [[Doi:|doi:]][https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/16085910409503799 10.2989/16085910409503799.]</ref> Di amilwe thata ke go tlhoka go dirisa metsi sentle ga batho, mme segolo bogolo ke go oketsega ga ditlhapi tse di tswang kwa mafelong a mangwe, tse di tsisitsweng e le tsela ya go tlhama ditlhapi tsa Yuropa. Nngwe ya tse di dingalo mo go tsone ke babore ya molomo o monnye. Tlhapi ya Kapa e kwadilwe gore e gomagomediwa ke go fela mo pegong ya IUCN, go lebega e nyeletse mo nokeng ya Berg mo bosheng;tlhapi e tona e, e kgona go tshela gongwe le gongwe ebile e ka tswa e siametse go dira lefelo la ditlhapi. Tlhapi ya redfin ya noka ya Berg ke nngwe ya tse dintsi thata kwa nokeng ya Berg; go fokotsega ga tsone go lebega go eme kgotsa go ile tlase, mme le yone e setse e kwadilwe ke ba IUCN fa e gomagomediwa ke go nyelela. Tlhapi ya trout le yone ke bothata mo nokeng ya Berg kwa godimo.<ref name=":1" /> === Lefelo la kgokgometso ya Berg Ramsar === [[Setshwantsho:ISS006-E-37018 - View of South Africa, Berg River estuary.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Berg kwa tlase ka fa e bonwang e ntse ka teng kwa godimo. E itsoketsa ka Velddrif le Laaiplek pele ga e goroga kwa St Helena Bay]] Ka ngwaga wa 2022, lefelo la Berg Estuary Ramsar le ne la tlhophiwa kwa nokeng ya Berg. Dinonyane tsa metsi di ka nnamefuta e le lelkgolo, masome a mabedi le bosupa di bonwe mo makgobokgobong a lefelo leo, di akaretsa Cape cormorant. Ditlhapi tse di tshabileng tse di fitlhelwang mo metsing ao di akaretsa steenbras le stumpnose.<ref>[https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2466?__goaway_challenge=meta-refresh&__goaway_id=2a0e9c80ba06cfe91e3988fa882fff93&__goaway_referer=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2F "Berg Estuary Ramsar Site".] ''Ramsar Sites Information Service''. Retrieved 09 June 2026</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Letamo la Berg River]] * Mabelo a mokoro a noka ya Berg * [[Letamo la Voelvlei]] == Metswedi == 88vd6r73b1nv4wl0wxpbicnky7x9z0s 0 13446 50380 2026-06-09T10:56:21Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Binfield Park 50380 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Binfield Park''' ke letamo le le kwa nokeng ya Tyhume, gaufi le Alice, kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba|Kapa botlhaba]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le agilwe ka 1986, la tlhomiwa semmuso ka 1987. Beng gae ba ne ba sa dirise letamo la Binffield Park mo go lekaneng - ba sa tshware ditlhapi, ba sa nosetse kgotsa ba intsha bodutu. Go ne ga dumalanwa gore ka thuso ya puso le makgotla a mangwe, tiriso ya kitso ya ditso le letamo di ka boela setshaba le tikologo ka tsa bojanala.<ref>Phiri, P.; Okeyo, D. O. (31 December 2015). [https://journals.co.za/content/journal/10520/EJC-52cbb7c21 "In search of potential eco-tourism and eco-femini-tourism artifacts from rural Eastern Cape Province of South Africa : a case of Binfield, Hopefield and Mazotsho village communities of Nkonkobe Municipality".] ''African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance''. '''21''' (2.2): 426–440. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1117-4315 1117-4315.]</ref> == Metswedi == lkgim65c4co04nqx57x1nefxttuaji4 0 13447 50381 2026-06-09T10:59:37Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Saint Paul 50381 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Administrative areas of New Brunswick topographic map-blank.svg|thumb|Noka ya Saint Paul]] '''Noka ya Saint Paul''' ke noka ya bophirima jwa Afrika. E tswa kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Guinea. Karolo ya yone e e kwa godimo kwa [[Guinea]] e bidiwa Noka ya Diani kgotsa Noka ya Niandi, mme e bopa karolo ya molelwane magareng ga Guinea le Liberia. E itsege jaaka Du ke batho ba Gola kwa [[Liberia|Liberia.]] <ref>Dunn, Elwood D.; Beyan, Amos J.; Burrowes, Carl Patrick (2000). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=qt0_RrW8ghkC Historical Dictionary of Liberia]''. p. 287.</ref> Go tswa foo noka eno e tsena mo Liberia dikilometara di ka nna masome a matlhano kwa bokone jwa Gbarnga mme e kgabaganya Liberia e lebile kwa borwabophirima. E wela mo Lewatleng la Atlantic kwa Cape Mesurado kwa Monrovia gaufi le Setlhaketlhake sa Bushrod, e kgaoganya Monrovia le toropo ya yone ya Brewerville. == Ditso == Noka eno e ne ya tewa leina ke batsamai ba dikepe ba Bapotokisi ba lekgolo la bo lesome le botlhano la dingwaga, ba ba neng ba bona noka eno la ntlha kwa St. Letsatsi la moletlo wa ga Paulo. Noka eno e ne ya nna botlhokwa thata mo kgwebong ya makgoba: Robert Bostock o ne a tlhoma feketiri fano. E re ka mmu o o dikologileng Monrovia, kwa Liberia, o ne o sa ungwe sentle mme mafelo a a fa lotshitshing a ne a apesitswe ke sekgwa se se kitlaneng, bontsi jwa Baamerika ba Baafrika ba ba neng ba fudugela kwa Liberia mo lekgolong la bo lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga ba ne ba fudugela kwa St. Noka ya Paul, koo ba neng ba bona lefatshe le le siametseng temothuo.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/african/afam004.html Library Of Congress, "Personal Stories and ACS New Directions"]</ref> Fa ba le koo ba ne ba aga metse e mennye. Gape, barongwa ba Lutere ba kwa Amerika ba ne ba tlhoma Seteishene sa Borongwa sa Muhlenberg go bapa le noka, koo ba neng ba ruta bana dithuto tse di farologaneng tsa sekolo, bokgoni jwa botegeniki/temo (segolobogolo go lema kofi), le katekasima. Dafide A. Day o ne a simolola go dirisa sekepe se se tsamayang ka diphefo mo nokeng eno go dira kgwebo le go tsaya maeto. Baithuti ba sekolo ba ne ba e aga.<ref>Harold Vink Whetstone, Lutheran Mission in Liberia, (Board of Foreign Missions of the United Lutheran Church in America, 1955), pp. 24-51; George Scholl, D.D., "David A. Day," in Missionary Heroes of the Lutheran Church, ed. Luther B. Wolf (Lutheran Publication Society, 1911), pp. 199-219.</ref> == Metswedi == bm7aasl0c9iwz5pvrq2ajf0uxm8iah0 0 13448 50382 2026-06-09T11:00:15Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA TUGELA 50382 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Amphitheatre Drakensberg.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Tugela]] '''Noka ya Tugela''' (Zulu: Thukela; Afrikaans: Tugelarivier) ke noka e kgolo ya KwaZulu, Afrika Borwa. Ka boleele jwa makgolo a matlhano le masome a marataro (560 km) (350 mi), le go wela ga sekete le makgolo a mararo le masome a supa (1 370) metres mo tlase ga makgolo a mane le masome a ferangbobedi (480 km),<ref>[http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa "Key rivers of South Africa - MyFundi".] Retrieved 2024-05-15.</ref>ke nngwe ya dinoka tse di botlhokwa mo nageng.<ref>[http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa "Key rivers of South Africa"]. MyFundi.</ref> Noka e simologa kwa Mont-aux-Sources ya dinoka tse dingwe tse pedi tse dikgolo tsa Aforika Borwa, Noka ya Orange le Noka ya Caledon. Go tswa kwa Drakensberg, Tugela e latela tsela ya makgolo a matlhano le masome a marataro 560 km (350 mi) go ralala KwaZulu-Natal pele e elela mo Lewatleng la India. <ref name=":0">[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/Documents/Other/CMA/Thukela/ThukelaAppendixA2.pdf "Proposal to establishment a Catchment Management Agency for the Thukela Water Management Area - Appendix A"] (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. July 2004. Retrieved 2008-10-21.</ref>Lefelo le le tletseng la metsi ke 29,100 km2 (11,200 mi2). <ref name=":0" />Tiriso ya lefatshe mo lefelong le le nang le metsi ke temothuo ya go itshedisa ya kwa magaeng le temothuo ya sekgwa ya kgwebo. == Dithuso == Masole a Boritane a kgabaganya noka ka nako ya Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Maburu Noka ya Tugela e fepiwa ke dinoka tse di tswang kwa Drakensberg, e kgolo go di feta tsotlhe ke Noka ya Mzinyathi ("Buffalo") (e e simololang gaufi le Thaba ya Majuba). Tse dingwe ke Noka ya Little Tugela, Noka ya Klip (e e tlhatlogang gaufi le Van Reenen Pass), Noka ya Mooi, Noka ya Blood, Noka ya Sundays (e e tlhatlogang kwa Biggarsberg) Noka ya Ingagani le Noka ya Bushman.<ref name=":0" /><ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA7Thukela.jpg Thukela WMA 7]</ref>Noka ya Buffalo e kopana le Tugela e e ka nnang lesome le boferabongwe (19 km) (12 mi) kwa botlhaba jwa Tugela Ferry kwa 28°43′04′′S 30°38′41′′E. Noka ya Madi e ne ya tewa leina ke Maburu, a eteletswe pele ke Andries Pretorius, morago ga go fenya kgosi Dingane wa MaZulu ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le lesome le borataro (16) ka ngwaga wa 1838. Go bolelwa gore noka eno e ne e tletse ka madi a masole a Ba-Zulu. Ka fa tlase ga Blood River ke Rorke's Drift, lefelo la go kgabaganya le lefelo la ntwa, mo Ntweng ya Anglo-Zulu.<ref>[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|This has a very detailed description of the river's course]]</ref> == Tikologo == Tlhapi e e serolwana e e nang le makape (Labeobarbus natalensis) e fitlhelwa mo Nokeng ya Tugela. Ke tlhapi e e tlwaelesegileng e e fitlhelwang kwa porofenseng ya [[KwaZulu-Natal]] mme e fitlhelwa mo mafelong a a farologaneng magareng ga ditlhaketlhake tsa Drakensberg le dintshi tse di fa thoko ga lewatle, go akaretsa dinoka tse di jaaka Umkomazi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170629065416/http://www.wrc.org.za/Knowledge%20Hub%20Documents/Research%20Reports/KV212-web-conservation.pdf "Technical Report on the State of Yellowfishes in South Africa 2007"] (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-06-29. Retrieved 2012-03-29</ref> == Mokwalo == Mokwalo wa Tugela o ne o dirisiwa mo ngwagakgolong wa bo masome a mabedi (20); ke mofuta wa Seesemane wa leina la Sezulu Thukela. Bakwadi ba lekgolo la bo lesome le borobabongwe (19) la dingwaga ba ne ba dirisa mekgwa e e farologaneng ya go peleta mafoko, e e akaretsang: * Isaacs (1836) o dirisitse ditlhaka tse di farologaneng mo bukeng ya gagwe, Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa,<ref>Nathaniel Isaacs (1836). [https://books.google.com/books?id=M8VjAAAAMAAJ&q=nathaniel+isaacs ''Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa - Vol I''.] Edward Churton. Retrieved 2010-08-08</ref>go akaretsa Ootergale le Ootoogale. * C.R. Maclean (John Ross), a kwala mo go Nautical Magazine ka ngwaga wa 1853, a dirisa mopeleto wa Zootagoola.<ref>[[:en:The_Nautical_Magazine|Reproduced in]] </ref> * George French Angas, motaki wa ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobongwe, o ne a dirisa leina la Tugala mo ditlhalosong tsa ditshwantsho tsa gagwe.<ref>[http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/2356800 "Making outchoualla or native beer, at Gudu's kraal, Tugala River, Zulu country"], a sketch by G F Angas; National Library of Australi</ref> Dingwe tsa dipharologano tse di ka nna tsa tlhalosiwa ke bakwadi ba ntlha ba Yuropa ba ba neng ba sa itse gore thutapuo ya Sezulu e dirisa maemedi, gantsi e le "i-" kgotsa "u-", go supa setlhopha sa leina la leina. == Metswedi == ir7kbpl4i2egyr9n3k03a9ci0yk75r2 0 13449 50383 2026-06-09T11:04:58Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Bivane #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFFRICA 50383 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Bivane''' (le pele le neng le itsege ka leina la '''letamo la Paris''') ke letamo le le kwa nokeng ya Bivane, gaufi le Vryheis, kwa [[KwaZulu-Natal]] ,kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Le agilwe ka 2000. Tiriso kgolo ya lone ke go nosetsa le tiriso ya mo gae. Beng ba lone ke mokgatlho wa Impala User Association.<ref>[https://www.bivanedam.co.za/ "Bivane Dam"]. Retrieved 9 June 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.wheretostay.co.za/topic/3624-bivane-dam "Bivane Dam Information | WhereToStay.co.za".] ''www.wheretostay.co.za''. Retrieved 9 June 2026.</ref> Borai jwa lone bo mo legatong la boraro. == Ditshwantsho == [[Setshwantsho:Bivane Dam - 26 Nov 2009 - panoramio.jpg|left|thumb|250x250px|Ka fa le bonalang ka teng go tswa kwa lefelong la go kampa]] [[Setshwantsho:Bivane dam - Aerial view of the campsite - panoramio.jpg|center|thumb|250x250px|Ka fa le bonalang ka teng kwa godimo]] == Metswedi == n2m2ilh0sdoovl51nbctx5pua8ir2tc 0 13450 50384 2026-06-09T11:18:06Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA MTHATHA 50384 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Coffee Bay.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Mthatha]] '''Noka ya Mthatha''' kgotsa Noka ya Umtata (Xhosa: 'mtathe Bawo) ke noka e e mo porofenseng ya Kapa Botlhaba mo Aforika Borwa. Noka eno e tshologela mo Lewatleng la India mo molomong o o gaufi le Coffee Bay. Noka ya Mthatha e elela kwa ntlheng ya borwa-botlhaba mme e boleele jwa dikilometara di ka nna makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano (250) ka kgaolo ya go elelela ya 2,600 km2. Toropo ya Mthatha (Umtata) e reeletswe ka yone. <ref>[http://www.ewisa.co.za/literature/files/458%20Kululwa.pdf Mthatha River System - 2008] Archived 2016-04-07 at the Wayback Machine</ref><ref>Niba, AS; Mafereka, SP (3 April 2015). "Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblage composition and distribution pattern in the upper Mthatha River, Eastern Cape, South Africa". ''African Journal of Aquatic Science''. '''40''' (2): 133–142. Bibcode:2015AfJAS..40..133N. doi:[[doi:10.2989/16085914.2015.1028323|10.2989/16085914.2015.1028323. ISSN 1608-5914]]. S2CID 84022844.</ref> Dinoka tsa yone tse di kgolo ke Noka ya Ngqungqu le Noka ya Cicira.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA12MzimvubuKeiskamma.jpg Mzimbuvu to Keiskamma WMA 12]</ref> Noka ya Mthatha e tshwaya molelwane o o kwa borwa wa kgaolo ya Pondoland.<ref>[http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-06082007-090102/unrestricted/01chapter1.pdf Contributions to the ecology of Maputaland, Southern Africa]</ref> == Matamo == Ga jaana noka eno ke karolo ya Mzimvubu go ya Keiskamma Water Management Area.<ref>[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500018&script=sci_arttext Is there a role for traditional governance systems in South Africa's new water management regime?]</ref> * [[Letamo la Mthatha]] * [[Letamo la Mabeleni]] == Metswedi == 4l9a1utytw98ih1vmn7ozqsbsb8zuo0 0 13451 50385 2026-06-09T11:19:43Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Sanaga 50385 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:River Sanaga.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Sanaga]] '''Noka ya Sanaga''' (formerly German: Zannaga) ke noka e tona go di feta tsotlhe mo [[Cameroon]] e e leng kwa [[East Region,]] [[Centre Region]] le Littoral Region. Boleele jwa yone ke dikhilometara di le makgolo a marataro le boraro (375 mi) go tswa mo e kopanelang teng le dinoka tsa Djérem le Lom. Boleele jwa Sanaga-Djérem ke dikilometara di le sekete,le masome a marataro le bosupa. Djérem ke motswedi o moleele go gaisa wa Noka ya Sanaga ka boleele jwa dikilometara di le 464.5. == Tsela == [[Setshwantsho:Slop of the Sanaga.png|thumb]] Noka ya Sanaga e simologa kwa [[Plateau ya Adamawa]].<ref>Knaap, M. van der (1994). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Wl4nd5K52FIC&pg=PA11 Status of Fish Stocks and Fisheries of Thirteen Medium-sized African Reservoirs]''. Food & Agriculture Org. p. 11[[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|. ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9789251035818|<bdi>9789251035818</bdi>.]]</ref> E bopilwe ke go kopana ga dinoka tsa Djérem le Lom kwa bokone jwa Kgaolo ya Botlhaba. Noka ya Djérem e na le boleele jwa dikilometara di le 464.5 mme noka ya Lom yone e na le boleele jwa dikilometara di le 424.2. Kwa ntle ga dinoka tseno tse di simololang, noka e kgolo ya Sanaga ke [[Noka ya Mbam]] ka boleele jwa dikhilometara di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a mane le borobabobedi . <ref>Runge, Jürgen (2012-05-30). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ra8Wpm1QoMoC&pg=PA148 Landscape Evolution, Neotectonics and Quaternary Environmental Change in Southern Cameroon: Palaeoecology of Africa Vol. 31, An International Yearbook of Landscape Evolution and Palaeoenvironments]''. CRC Press. p. 148. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780415677356|<bdi>9780415677356</bdi>.]]</ref> == Seemo sa Bosa == Noka ya Sanaga e dira molelwane fa gare ga dikgaolo tse pedi tsa dikgwa tsa boboatsatsi. Dikgwa tsa kwa lotshitshing tsa Cross-Sanaga-Bioko di kwa bokone mfa gare ga Noka ya Sanaga le Noka ya Cross ya Nigeria, le dikgwa tsa kwa lotshitshing tsa Atlantic Equatorial di atologa kwa borwa jwa noka go ralala borwabophirima jwa Cameroon le [[Equatorial Guinea]], [[Gabon]], R[[epaboliki ya Congo]], [[Cabinda]] le [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo.]] == Maranyane a metsi == Go elela ga noka go ne ga lekanngwa kwa Edéa ka m3/s:<ref>[http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_6/Mon_hydr/25393.pdf PDF about the Hydrology of Cameroon (french)]</ref> tn655rgkiocj0iqnn6ujt0slxraoqcr 0 13452 50386 2026-06-09T11:39:07Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA MAPUTO 50386 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref>[[:en:Maputo_River#cite_note-1|Von Willig, G.R. (1925). ''Langs die Lebombo''. J.L. van Schaik, Pretoria. pp. 175, 217]].</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Maputo river.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Maputo]] '''Noka ya Maputo''' (Portuguese: Rio Maputo), gape e bidiwa Noka ya Usutu e Kgolo, Noka ya Lusutfu, kgotsa Noka ya Suthu, ke noka e e mo Afrika Borwa, Eswatini, le Mozambique. Leina la Suthu le kaya batho ba Basotho ba ba neng ba nna gaufi le motswedi wa noka, mme ba ne ba tlhaselwa le go kobiwa ke Baswati.Gape go bolelwa fa le raya 'borokwa jo bo fifetseng', tlhaloso ya metsi a a seretse a noka.<ref>Raper, P.E. (2004). ''South African place names''. Jonathan Ball, Johannesburg and Cape Town. p. 387. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/1-86842-190-2|<bdi>1-86842-190-2</bdi>.]]</ref>Ka nako eo leina la Maputo le kaya Kgosi Mabhudu Tembe, yo o busitseng ka nako ya ngwagakgolo wa XVIII kwa kgaolong eo.<ref>[[:en:Maputo_River#cite_note-3|Kloppers, Roelie J. (2003). The History and Representation of the History of the Mabudu-Tembe (MA thesis). University of Stellenbosch. Retrieved 11 November 2025]]</ref> == Tsela == Noka eno e tswa gaufi le Amsterdam, Mpumalanga, mo Afrika Borwa, mme e elela kwa botlhaba go ralala Eswatini, kwa e tsenang mo Dithabeng tsa Lebombo. Mosima wa dikilometara di le lesome le boraro (13) o dira molelwane magareng ga Eswatini le [[Aforika Borwa]]. Mo sekgaleng sa dikilometara tse di ka nnang masome a mabedi, e dira molelwane magareng ga Aforika Borwa (profense ya KwaZulu-Natal) le [[Mozambique]]. Fa e le koo, kwa Ndumo Game Reserve, e monya noka e kgolo e e elelang mo go yone, e leng Noka ya Pongola. Go tswa foo e elela go ralala lebala la lewatle la Mozambique mme e elela kwa borwa jwa Maputo Bay, dikilometara di le 85 kwa tlase ga noka.<ref>Rauken, T.; Kelman, I. (19 October 2010). "River flood vulnerability in Norway through the pressure and release model". ''Journal of Flood Risk Management''. '''3''' (4): 314–322. doi[[doi:10.1111/j.1753-318x.2010.01080.x|:10.1111/j.1753-318x.2010.01080.x.]] ISSN 1753-318X.</ref> Kwa Eswatini, noka eno e bidiwa Great Usutu kgotsa Lusutfu mme e elela go ralala ditoropo tsa Bhunya, Luyengo, Siphofaneni le Big Bend. Toropo ya Big Bend e gaufi le lefelo le noka eno e itsoketsang ka bonako mo go lone. Noka e Kgolo ya Usutu ke noka e kgolo go di feta tsotlhe mo Eswatini, ke lefelo la ntlha e e kwa tlase go di feta tsotlhe mo Eswatini (21 m kwa godimo ga lewatle), mme e itsege ka go thuma mo metsing a a phepa. Ga go na ditoropo tse dikgolo tse di ileng tsa kgona go nna mo dintshing tsa yone ka ntlha ya mekgatšha e e tseneletseng le dikgwa tse di kitlaneng. Le fa go ntse jalo, go na le mafelo a go tshamekelwang kolofo mo go one, dihotele le mafelo a a sireleditsweng a tlholego. == Dithuso == Go tswa kwa e simololang teng go ya kwa molomong wa yone, ka tatelano, dinoka tsa yone ke: Sihanahana, Bonnie Brook, Mpuluzi, Buhlungu, Umvenvane, Lusushwana, Sidvokodvo, Mkhondvo, Mhlamani, Mzimneni, Mzimphofu, Mhlathuzane, Mtsindzekwa, Nyetane, Funuane, le Noka ya Pongola.<ref>[http://www.dwaf.gov.za/iwqs/rhp/eco/FROC/WMA6UsuthuMhlatuze.jpg Usuthu/Mhlatuze WMA 6]</ref> == Matamo mo nokeng eno == * [[Letamo la Westoe]] * [[Letamo la Lubovane]] == Metswedi == t5fat5kf87iaeob7s82hvk1cvv9g3ir 0 13453 50387 2026-06-09T11:53:47Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Sankarani 50387 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Upper Niger Guinea OSM klein.png|thumb|Noka ya Upper Niger kwa Guinea le Sankarani (kafa mojeng)]] '''Noka ya Sankarani''' (French) ke nngwe ya dinoka tse di tsenang mo nokeng ya Niger. <ref name=":0">Andersen, Inger; Golitzen, Katherin George (1 January 2005). [[iarchive:bub_gb_DQj7Zpv-IwkC|''The Niger River Basin: A Vision for Sustainable Management''.]] World Bank Publications. pp. 13, 33–34. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780821362044|9780821362044]]</bdi>. Retrieved 25 November 2016.</ref> E elela go ya kwa bokone go tswa kwa Guinea Highlands ya Fouta Djallon kwa Guinea,<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Sankarani-River "Sankarani River | river, western Africa".] ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2020-05-17.</ref> <ref name=":1">Hughes, R. H. (1992). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&q=sankarani+river+from+north+to+south+guinea&pg=PA374 A Directory of African Wetlands]''. IUCN. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-88032-949-5|<bdi>978-2-88032-949-5</bdi>.]]</ref>e kgabaganya go ya kwa borwa jwa [[Mali|Mali,]] koo e kopanelang le noka ya Niger dikilometara tse di ka nnang masome a mane(25 mi) kwa godimo ga Bamako,<ref name=":0" /> motsemogolo wa Mali. Ke karolo ya [[Ivory Coast-Guinea le Guinea]] -  Mali.<ref name=":2">Hughes, R. H. (1992). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA376 ''A Directory of African Wetlands''.] IUCN. pp. 374, 376[[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|. ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9782880329495|9782880329495]]</bdi>. Retrieved 25 November 2016.</ref> Noka ya Sankarani e e nang le metsi, e e leng e e siametseng go lema dijalo e bile e na le tshipi le gouta, e na le bogolo jwa sekgala sa 35 500 square kilometres (13,700 sq mi), tse pedi-tharo tsa tsone di kwa Guinea, koo e kopanngwang teng ke dinoka tse tharo: Kourai, Yeremou le Dion.<ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1" />Kwa Mali, e elela mo Nokeng ya Niger kwa godimo ga Bamako gaufi le motse wa [[Kourouba]]. <ref>[http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Environmental-and-Social-Assessments/ADF-BD-IF-2008-181-EN-MALI-IRRIGATION-DEVELOPMENT-PROGRAMME-PHASE-I-ESIAS.PDF "Irrigation Development Programme - Phase I"] (PDF). [[:en:African_Development_Bank|African Development Bank Group.]]</ref> Kago ya Letamo la Sélingué e simolotse ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi, ka maikaelelo a go tlamela Bamako ka motlakase;<ref>B. Askofare (6 June 1988). [http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Evaluation-Reports-_Shared-With-OPEV_/06004242-EN-MALI-SELINGUE-DAM.PDF "Mali: Selingue Dam Project: Project Performance Evaluation Report (PPER)"] (PDF). African Development Bank Group.</ref><ref name=":3">Koenig, Dolores; Diarra, Tiéman; Sow, Moussa (1998)[https://books.google.com/books?id=728lx7XRofcC&pg=PA119 . ''Innovation and Individuality in African Development: Changing Production Strategies in Rural Mali''.] University of Michigan Press. pp. 119–123. ISBN <bdi>9780472108947</bdi>.</ref> e ne ya bulwa ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ele lesome le boraro ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bobedi.<ref name=":4">Imperato, Pascal James; Imperato, Gavin H. (25 April 2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=zf6xAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA71 ''Historical Dictionary of Mali''.] Scarecrow Press. pp. xl, 105. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9780810864023|9780810864023]]</bdi>. Retrieved 25 November 2016.</ref>E ne e le porojeke e kgolo go gaisa mo ditsong tsa Mali go fitlha ka nako eo. Semela se na le bokgoni jwa go ntsha motlakase wa di-kilowatt-hour di le dimilione di le 44.8. <ref name=":4" /> Leano la go nosetsa le ne la tsenngwa tirisong, kwa tshimologong go duela batho ba ba neng ba tshwanelwa ke go fudusiwa; le ne le akaretsa diheketara di le sekete le makgolo a mabedi (diheketara di le 3,000), di kgaogantswe magareng ga batho ba ba neng ba na le dipolase ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane le boraro ,<ref>[[:en:International_Institute_for_Environment_and_Development|"Mali: Water for agriculture (2013-17)". International Institute for Environment and Development]].</ref> kgotsa diheketara di le 60 000 (diheketara di le 150 000).<ref>Natural Resources Management and Environment Department, [[:en:Food_and_Agriculture_Organization|Food and Agriculture Organization]] of the United Nations. [http://www.fao.org/docrep/W4347E/w4347e0i.htm "The Niger River basin".]</ref> Sankanarni e na le lefelo la merwalela le le sa tsweletseng mo sekgaleng sa dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a supa (110 mi) kwa Guinea. <ref name=":2" />Mabopo a noka a tshegetsa dikgwa tsa digalase, le fa letamo la Letamo la Selingue le ne le khurumeditse bontsi jwa tsone. <ref name=":3" /> Go tloga ka 2008, batshwari ba ditlhapi ba feta sekete ba ne ba tshwara " magareng ga makgolo a mane le lekgolo ka letsatsi ka setlha se se kwa godimo ga lesome go ya ko masome a matlhano kg/letsatsi ka setlha se se kwa tlase (March go ya go May) " mo karolong ya noka magareng ga letamo le kgolagano le noka ya Niger.<ref>Golitzen, Katherin George, ed. (2005),''[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWAT/Resources/4602114-1206643460526/Niger_River_Basin_Vision_Sustainable_Management.pdf The Niger River Basin: A Vision for Sustainable Management]'' (PDF), Washington, DC.: World Bank, ISBN 0-8213-6203-8</ref> Go dumelwa gore kwa setlhoeng sa maatla a yone, go tloga ka lekgolo la bo lesome le boraro go ya go la bo lesome le borataro la dingwaga CE, motsemogolo wa Mmusomogolo wa bogologolo wa Mali o ne o le kwa Niani, mo dintshing tsa Sankarani. <ref>Fage, J. D.; Oliver, Roland (1975). ''The Cambridge H[[iarchive:cambridgehistory03fage|istory of Africa]]''[[iarchive:cambridgehistory03fage|. Cambridge]] University Press. p. 378. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780521209816|<bdi>9780521209816</bdi>.]] Retrieved 25 November 2016.</ref> == Metswedi == 1nanqi7g3my99hpljpwrrlfxclo0neo