Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.7 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 13209 51300 49713 2026-06-22T19:06:54Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the section "History" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1348747201|GALZ]]" 51300 wikitext text/x-wiki '''GALZ''' ke mokgatlho wa Batho ba LGBTI kwa Zimbabwe (o pele e neng e le Gays and Lesbians of Zimbabwe) ke mokgatlho o o neng wa tlhongwa ka 1990 kwa [[Harare]] go thusa ditlhokego tsa baagi ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, ba ba fetotseng bong le ba bong jo bo tlhakaneng ([[LGBTI]]) kwa [[Zimbabwe]] . Ponelopele ya GALZ ke "setšhaba se se siameng se se rotloetsang le go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba LGBTI jaaka baagi ba ba lekanang kwa Zimbabwe".<ref name="humri">{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum |url=http://www.hrforumzim.org/contact-us/members/gays-and-lesbians-of-zimbabwe-galz/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916230905/http://www.hrforumzim.org/contact-us/members/gays-and-lesbians-of-zimbabwe-galz/ |archive-date=2018-09-16 |access-date=2021-03-13}}</ref> GALZ ke mokgatlho o mogolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng leo o o dirang ka tlhamalalo go rotloetsa, go emela le go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa baagi ba LGBTI. E dirisana thata le mekgatlho e mengwe e e seng ya puso ya ditshwanelo tsa batho le balekane ba yone ba kgaolo, mme e nnile le seabe mo matsholong a le mmalwa a a kwa godimo. Mokgatlho o tsamaisa lefelo la didirisiwa kwa Harare le le tlamelang ka kgakololo ya seporofešenale, itlosobodutu le ditiro tsa thuto go maloko, mme o amega mo letsholong la dintlha tse di anameng jaaka go fitlhelela kalafi ya HIV.<ref name="humri">{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum |url=http://www.hrforumzim.org/contact-us/members/gays-and-lesbians-of-zimbabwe-galz/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916230905/http://www.hrforumzim.org/contact-us/members/gays-and-lesbians-of-zimbabwe-galz/ |archive-date=2018-09-16 |access-date=2021-03-13}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180916230905/http://www.hrforumzim.org/contact-us/members/gays-and-lesbians-of-zimbabwe-galz/ "Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum"]. Archived from [http://www.hrforumzim.org/contact-us/members/gays-and-lesbians-of-zimbabwe-galz/ the original] on 2018-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> E dira tiro ya yone kgatlhanong le lemorago la pogiso le kgatelelo ya batho ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang kwa Zimbabwe: mo ditsong, Puso, Tautona, le baeteledipele ba kereke ba rotloeditse letlhoo la thatano ya bong jo bo tshwanang, mme go na le go tlhoka go itshokelana ka kakaretso ga setšhaba mo pharologanong ya thobalano kgotsa ya bong.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kubatana - Archive - Hot Seat: GALZ on plight of homosexuals in Zimbabwe - SW Radio Africa - Apr 09, 2010 |url=http://www.archive.kubatana.net/html/archive/hr/100409swradio.asp?sector=HR&year=2010&range_start=631}}</ref> == Ditso == == Metswedi == == Ditso == Morago ga boipuso jwa Zimbabwe ka 1980, go ne ga gola tiragalo ya loago ya banna le basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong mo ditoropong tse dikgolo. Kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1980, go ne ga utlwiwa tlhokego ya mokgatlho o o tlhomameng, mme GALZ e ne ya simololwa ka Lwetse 1990. Kwa tshimologong, GALZ e ne e na le maloko a a ka nnang masome a supa, a a neng a gola go nna a a ka nnang makgolo a matlhano ka 2000. Mo dingwageng tsa bosheng, le fa go ntse jalo, dipalo di wetse tlase, ka maloko a le mantsi a kopa botshabelo kwa mafatsheng a a sa gateleleng. Boloko kwa tshimologong gape bo ne bo na le bontsi jwa baitseanape ba maemo a a magareng ba banna, basweu kgotsa ba merafe e e tlhakaneng, mme fa e sale ka nako eo mokgatlho o godile go emela setšhaba se se anameng sa LGBTI. Kwa tshimologong, GALZ e ne e le kwa Harare thata – ka 2004, go feta sephatlo sa maloko a ne a tswa kwa Harare kgotsa kwa [[Chitungwiza]] e e mabapi. Lenaneo la Setlhopha sa Affinity le tlhomilwe ka 2002 la maloko a a nnang kwa ntle ga Harare, a pele a neng a sa kgone go dirisa ditirelo le didirisiwa tsa GALZ ka botlalo. Morago ga moo maloko a ne a gola thata mo mafelong a mangwe a le lesome a ditoropo, go akaretsa le [[Bulawayo]], [[Chipinge]], [[Chitungwiza]], [[Marondera]], [[Masvingo]], [[Mutare]], [[Penhalonga]] le [[Victoria Falls]]. Mo ditlhopheng tseno tsa kgaolo, lenaneo le neelana ka maitemogelo a go kwala dikakanyetso, taolo ya matlole le go kwala pego. Katiso ya thulaganyo ya togamaano le tlhabololo ya mokgatlho e neelwa ka bokopano jwa ngwaga le ngwaga (AGM). GALZ e na le tlhopha tsa sennelaruri kwa Bulawayo, Masvingo le Mutare. GALZ e nonotshitse boemo jwa yone ka tshegetso ya yone ya matsholo a ditshwanelo tsa setho a Zimbabwe a a tlwaelesegileng. Ka 1998, e ne ya tsenelela Kokoano ya Bosetšhaba ya Molaomotheo (NCA), e leng kopano ya ditlhopha tsa baagi le batho ka bongwe ba ba neng ba kgaratlhela molaomotheo o mošwa wa bosetšhaba. Gape ka 1998, GALZ e ne ya kopanela le ditlhopha tse dingwe mo mogwantong go ralala bogareng jwa Harare ka [[Letsatsi la Boditšhabatšhaba la Ditshwanelo tsa Setho]] – le fa mapodisi a ne a ganne go neelana ka tshireletso fa GALZ e ka tsaya karolo. Mokgatlho o gape o tlhomile dikgolagano le Padare/Enkundleni, bokopano jwa bong jwa banna e e tshegetsang basadi mo kgaratlhong kgatlhanong le kgokgontsho ya bong. Ka 1999, GALZ e ne ya nna nngwe ya maloko a a simolotseng [[:en:Zimbabwe_Human_Rights_NGO_Forum|Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum]], e e neng ya tlhongwa go thusa batswasetlhabelo ba pogiso le go bega ka ga dikgatako tsa ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa Puso, mme gape ke leloko la [[Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition]]. GALZ ke karolo ya mafaratlhatlha a mekgatlho ya kgaolo kwa borwa le kwa botlhaba jwa Aforika. Go ya ka maranyane a bone, "GALZ e nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo kgaratlhong ya kgololosego ya LGBTI mo Aforika ka go bontsha ba bangwe mo kontinenteng gore go a kgonega gore batho ba ba ratanang le ba bong jo bo tshwanang ba rulaganye phatlalatsa mo maemong a bobaba, a a tlhoileng batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang." GALZ, mmogo le ditlhopha tse dingwe di le masome a mabedi le motso go tswa kwa mafatsheng a le lesome le bosupa a Aforika, e ne e amega mo [[Letsholong la Ditshwanelo tsa Aforika Yotlhe]], le le neng la thankgololwa kwa Johannesburg ka 2004, kwa Bokopanong jwa ntlha jwa Aforika Yotlhe ka ga HIV/AIDS le Ditshwanelo tsa Setho. GALZ e na le dikgolagano tse di nonofileng thata le ditlhopha mo Aforika Borwa: leloko le le simolotseng [[National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Equality]], GALZ gape e dira le [[Behind the Mask]] le [[Gay and Lesbian Archives]]). GALZ gape e dirisane mmogo kgapetsakgapetsa le ditlhopha tse pedi tsa kwa Namibia, e leng [[The Rainbow Project]] le [[Sister Namibia]]. GALZ gape e na le botsalano le [[LEGABIBO]] kwa Botswana. GALZ ke karolo ya setlhopha sa Aforika yotlhe sa mekgatlho e le lesome e e direlang ditlhopha tse dinnye tsa thobalano le ditlhopha tse di kgaphetsweng kwa thoko tse di bidiwang Love Alliance, e e neng ya tlhongwa ka tshegetso ya AIDSfonds le Embassy ya Netherlands. Mo lephateng la HIV/AIDS, GALZ e na le botsalano jwa nako e telele le [[Triangle Project]] le [[Treatment Action Campaign]] (TAC) kwa Aforika Borwa, mme e na le seabe mo [[Pan African Treatment Action Campaign|Letsholong la Tiro ya Kalafi ya Aforika yotlhe]]. GALZ gape ke molekane wa [[Sex Rights African Network]]. GALZ gape ke moamogedi wa Letlole la Lefatshe Lotlhe, moo e diragatsang ditiro ka tirisanommogo le Lekgotla la Bosetšhaba la AIDS. GALZ e ne e le karolo ya mekgatlho e e neng ya nna le seabe mo go tlhameng le go phatlalatseng Buka ya Lephata la Botsogo (MoHCC) ya Batho ba ba Botlhokwa. Dipalopalo tsa Botlhokwa ke letshwao le le kopanetsweng le le neilweng ke UNAIDS go ditlhopha tse di kgaphetsweng kwa thoko tse di tlogetsweng kwa ntle mo tsibogong ya ntlha ya HIV/AIDS ya dingwaga tsa bo 90 le bo 2000. Ditlhopha tse di akaretsa basadi ba ba mo dingwageng tsa bolesome le basetsana ba bannye (AWYG), banna ba ba tlhakanelang dikobo le banna (MSM), batho ba ba fetotseng bong, basadi ba ba tlhakanelang dikobo le basadi (WSW), barekisi ba thobalano, batho ba ba dirisang/ba tlhabang diritibatsi le magolegwa. qopbvhtaxh665m54hn3kaaiy2ivz1oh 51301 51300 2026-06-22T19:08:24Z KatieKea 10150 Ke baakantse tlhanolo. 51301 wikitext text/x-wiki '''GALZ''' ke mokgatlho wa Batho ba LGBTI kwa Zimbabwe (o pele e neng e le Gays and Lesbians of Zimbabwe) ke mokgatlho o o neng wa tlhongwa ka 1990 kwa [[Harare]] go thusa ditlhokego tsa baagi ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang, ba ba fetotseng bong le ba bong jo bo tlhakaneng ([[LGBTI]]) kwa [[Zimbabwe]] . Ponelopele ya GALZ ke "setšhaba se se siameng se se rotloetsang le go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa batho ba LGBTI jaaka baagi ba ba lekanang kwa Zimbabwe".<ref name="humri">{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum |url=http://www.hrforumzim.org/contact-us/members/gays-and-lesbians-of-zimbabwe-galz/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916230905/http://www.hrforumzim.org/contact-us/members/gays-and-lesbians-of-zimbabwe-galz/ |archive-date=2018-09-16 |access-date=2021-03-13}}</ref> GALZ ke mokgatlho o mogolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng leo o o dirang ka tlhamalalo go rotloetsa, go emela le go sireletsa ditshwanelo tsa baagi ba LGBTI. E dirisana thata le mekgatlho e mengwe e e seng ya puso ya ditshwanelo tsa batho le balekane ba yone ba kgaolo, mme e nnile le seabe mo matsholong a le mmalwa a a kwa godimo. Mokgatlho o tsamaisa lefelo la didirisiwa kwa Harare le le tlamelang ka kgakololo ya seporofešenale, itlosobodutu le ditiro tsa thuto go maloko, mme o amega mo letsholong la dintlha tse di anameng jaaka go fitlhelela kalafi ya HIV.<ref name="humri">{{Cite web |title=Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum |url=http://www.hrforumzim.org/contact-us/members/gays-and-lesbians-of-zimbabwe-galz/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916230905/http://www.hrforumzim.org/contact-us/members/gays-and-lesbians-of-zimbabwe-galz/ |archive-date=2018-09-16 |access-date=2021-03-13}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180916230905/http://www.hrforumzim.org/contact-us/members/gays-and-lesbians-of-zimbabwe-galz/ "Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum"]. Archived from [http://www.hrforumzim.org/contact-us/members/gays-and-lesbians-of-zimbabwe-galz/ the original] on 2018-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> E dira tiro ya yone kgatlhanong le lemorago la pogiso le kgatelelo ya batho ba ba ratanang ka bong jo bo tshwanang kwa Zimbabwe: mo ditsong, Puso, Tautona, le baeteledipele ba kereke ba rotloeditse letlhoo la thatano ya bong jo bo tshwanang, mme go na le go tlhoka go itshokelana ka kakaretso ga setšhaba mo pharologanong ya thobalano kgotsa ya bong.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kubatana - Archive - Hot Seat: GALZ on plight of homosexuals in Zimbabwe - SW Radio Africa - Apr 09, 2010 |url=http://www.archive.kubatana.net/html/archive/hr/100409swradio.asp?sector=HR&year=2010&range_start=631}}</ref> == Ditso == Morago ga boipuso jwa Zimbabwe ka 1980, go ne ga gola tiragalo ya loago ya banna le basadi ba ba ratanang ka bong mo ditoropong tse dikgolo. Kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1980, go ne ga utlwiwa tlhokego ya mokgatlho o o tlhomameng, mme GALZ e ne ya simololwa ka Lwetse 1990. Kwa tshimologong, GALZ e ne e na le maloko a a ka nnang masome a supa, a a neng a gola go nna a a ka nnang makgolo a matlhano ka 2000. Mo dingwageng tsa bosheng, le fa go ntse jalo, dipalo di wetse tlase, ka maloko a le mantsi a kopa botshabelo kwa mafatsheng a a sa gateleleng. Boloko kwa tshimologong gape bo ne bo na le bontsi jwa baitseanape ba maemo a a magareng ba banna, basweu kgotsa ba merafe e e tlhakaneng, mme fa e sale ka nako eo mokgatlho o godile go emela setšhaba se se anameng sa LGBTI. Kwa tshimologong, GALZ e ne e le kwa Harare thata – ka 2004, go feta sephatlo sa maloko a ne a tswa kwa Harare kgotsa kwa [[Chitungwiza]] e e mabapi. Lenaneo la Setlhopha sa Affinity le tlhomilwe ka 2002 la maloko a a nnang kwa ntle ga Harare, a pele a neng a sa kgone go dirisa ditirelo le didirisiwa tsa GALZ ka botlalo. Morago ga moo maloko a ne a gola thata mo mafelong a mangwe a le lesome a ditoropo, go akaretsa le [[Bulawayo]], [[Chipinge]], [[Chitungwiza]], [[Marondera]], [[Masvingo]], [[Mutare]], [[Penhalonga]] le [[Victoria Falls]]. Mo ditlhopheng tseno tsa kgaolo, lenaneo le neelana ka maitemogelo a go kwala dikakanyetso, taolo ya matlole le go kwala pego. Katiso ya thulaganyo ya togamaano le tlhabololo ya mokgatlho e neelwa ka bokopano jwa ngwaga le ngwaga (AGM). GALZ e na le tlhopha tsa sennelaruri kwa Bulawayo, Masvingo le Mutare. GALZ e nonotshitse boemo jwa yone ka tshegetso ya yone ya matsholo a ditshwanelo tsa setho a Zimbabwe a a tlwaelesegileng. Ka 1998, e ne ya tsenelela Kokoano ya Bosetšhaba ya Molaomotheo (NCA), e leng kopano ya ditlhopha tsa baagi le batho ka bongwe ba ba neng ba kgaratlhela molaomotheo o mošwa wa bosetšhaba. Gape ka 1998, GALZ e ne ya kopanela le ditlhopha tse dingwe mo mogwantong go ralala bogareng jwa Harare ka [[Letsatsi la Boditšhabatšhaba la Ditshwanelo tsa Setho]] – le fa mapodisi a ne a ganne go neelana ka tshireletso fa GALZ e ka tsaya karolo. Mokgatlho o gape o tlhomile dikgolagano le Padare/Enkundleni, bokopano jwa bong jwa banna e e tshegetsang basadi mo kgaratlhong kgatlhanong le kgokgontsho ya bong. Ka 1999, GALZ e ne ya nna nngwe ya maloko a a simolotseng [[:en:Zimbabwe_Human_Rights_NGO_Forum|Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum]], e e neng ya tlhongwa go thusa batswasetlhabelo ba pogiso le go bega ka ga dikgatako tsa ditshwanelo tsa setho tsa Puso, mme gape ke leloko la [[Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition]]. GALZ ke karolo ya mafaratlhatlha a mekgatlho ya kgaolo kwa borwa le kwa botlhaba jwa Aforika. Go ya ka maranyane a bone, "GALZ e nnile le seabe se se botlhokwa mo kgaratlhong ya kgololosego ya LGBTI mo Aforika ka go bontsha ba bangwe mo kontinenteng gore go a kgonega gore batho ba ba ratanang le ba bong jo bo tshwanang ba rulaganye phatlalatsa mo maemong a bobaba, a a tlhoileng batho ba bong jo bo tshwanang." GALZ, mmogo le ditlhopha tse dingwe di le masome a mabedi le motso go tswa kwa mafatsheng a le lesome le bosupa a Aforika, e ne e amega mo [[Letsholong la Ditshwanelo tsa Aforika Yotlhe]], le le neng la thankgololwa kwa Johannesburg ka 2004, kwa Bokopanong jwa ntlha jwa Aforika Yotlhe ka ga HIV/AIDS le Ditshwanelo tsa Setho. GALZ e na le dikgolagano tse di nonofileng thata le ditlhopha mo Aforika Borwa: leloko le le simolotseng [[National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Equality]], GALZ gape e dira le [[Behind the Mask]] le [[Gay and Lesbian Archives]]). GALZ gape e dirisane mmogo kgapetsakgapetsa le ditlhopha tse pedi tsa kwa Namibia, e leng [[The Rainbow Project]] le [[Sister Namibia]]. GALZ gape e na le botsalano le [[LEGABIBO]] kwa Botswana. GALZ ke karolo ya setlhopha sa Aforika yotlhe sa mekgatlho e le lesome e e direlang ditlhopha tse dinnye tsa thobalano le ditlhopha tse di kgaphetsweng kwa thoko tse di bidiwang Love Alliance, e e neng ya tlhongwa ka tshegetso ya AIDSfonds le Embassy ya Netherlands. Mo lephateng la HIV/AIDS, GALZ e na le botsalano jwa nako e telele le [[Triangle Project]] le [[Treatment Action Campaign]] (TAC) kwa Aforika Borwa, mme e na le seabe mo [[Pan African Treatment Action Campaign|Letsholong la Tiro ya Kalafi ya Aforika yotlhe]]. GALZ gape ke molekane wa [[Sex Rights African Network]]. GALZ gape ke moamogedi wa Letlole la Lefatshe Lotlhe, moo e diragatsang ditiro ka tirisanommogo le Lekgotla la Bosetšhaba la AIDS. GALZ e ne e le karolo ya mekgatlho e e neng ya nna le seabe mo go tlhameng le go phatlalatseng Buka ya Lephata la Botsogo (MoHCC) ya Batho ba ba Botlhokwa. Dipalopalo tsa Botlhokwa ke letshwao le le kopanetsweng le le neilweng ke UNAIDS go ditlhopha tse di kgaphetsweng kwa thoko tse di tlogetsweng kwa ntle mo tsibogong ya ntlha ya HIV/AIDS ya dingwaga tsa bo 90 le bo 2000. Ditlhopha tse di akaretsa basadi ba ba mo dingwageng tsa bolesome le basetsana ba bannye (AWYG), banna ba ba tlhakanelang dikobo le banna (MSM), batho ba ba fetotseng bong, basadi ba ba tlhakanelang dikobo le basadi (WSW), barekisi ba thobalano, batho ba ba dirisang/ba tlhabang diritibatsi le magolegwa. == Metswedi == eosq4sp7vzv0mn9ht518dp8y3te6iq3 0 13568 51307 51254 2026-06-23T05:36:21Z OtengPortia 12840 #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51307 wikitext text/x-wiki Letsha la Tanganyika<ref>Yohannes,Okbazghi (2008). Water resources and inter-riparian relations in the Nile basin. SUNY Press. p. 127.</ref> ke nngwe ya [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|Matsha a Magolo a Afrika]].<ref>Burton, Richard Francis (1965). Richards, Charles (ed.). ''Burton and Lake Tanganyika''. Dar Es Salaam: East African Literature Bureau. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/180480726 180480726.]</ref> Ke [[:en:List_of_lakes_by_volume|letsha la bobedi mo lefatsheng ka bogolo jwa metsi]],[[:en:List_of_lakes_by_depth|le ka boteng]], ka makgetho a mabedi le le latlhegelwa fela ke [[:en:Lake_Baikal|Lake Baikal]] kwa [[:en:Siberia|Siberia]].<ref>[http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika "Lake Tanganyika"]. ''www.zambiatourism.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150422001337/http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika Archived] from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref><ref>Lewis, R. (16 May 2010)[https://news.brown.edu/articles/2010/05/tanganyika . "Brown Geologists Show Unprecedented Warming in Lake Tanganyika".] Brown University. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170326051107/https://news.brown.edu/articles/2010/05/tanganyika Archived] from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.</ref> Le gape ke letsha le le telele go feta tsotlhe mo lefatsheng.<ref>[http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika "Lake Tanganyika".] ''www.zambiatourism.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150422001337/http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika Archived] from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref> Ka bogolo jwa lefelo, [[:en:List_of_lakes_by_area|ke la bo 6 mo lefatsheng]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/worlds-largest-lakes-2228655 "World's largest lakes | Description, Area, & Facts | Britannica".] ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 18 October 2025.</ref> Letsha leno le abelanwa ke dinaga di le nne: [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]], [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[:en:Burundi|Burundi]] le Zambia. Tanzania e na le karolo e kgolo ya letsha (mo e ka nnang 46%), mme Democratic Republic of the Congo e na le mo e ka nnang 40%. Letsha la Tanganyika le elela metsi a lona ka noka ya [[:en:Lukuga_River|Lukuga River]] go tsena mo tsamaisong ya [[:en:Congo_River|Noka ya Congo]], e e feleletsang e tshela kwa toropong ya [[:en:Banana,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Banana]] go tsena mo [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Lewatleng la Atlantic]].<ref name=":0">[https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3587 "LAKE TANGANYIKA".] ''World Lake Database, International Lake Environment Committee Foundation''. Retrieved 12 January 2025.</ref> '''Jeokorafi''' Lake Tanganyika ke [[:en:Ancient_lake|letsha la bogologolo thata]], mme ke lengwe la matsha a le masome a mabedi fela mo lefatsheng a a nang le dingwaga tse di fetang milione e le nngwe. Dikarolo tsa lone tse tharo tse dikgolo, tse mo dinakong tse metsi a neng a le kwa tlase thata di neng di le matsha a a ikemetseng ka nosi, tsotlhe di na le dingwaga tse di farologaneng. Karolo ya bogare e simolotse go bopiwa dingwaga di ka nna milione di le 9 go ya go 12 tse di fetileng. Karolo ya bokone e simolotse dingwaga di ka nna milione di le 7 go ya go 8 tse di fetileng. fa karolo ya borwa e simolotse dingwaga di ka nna milione di le 2 go ya go 4 tse di fetileng.<ref>Cohen; Soreghan; Scholz (1993). "Estimating the age of formation of lakes: An example from Lake Tanganyika, East African Rift system". ''Geology''. '''21''' (6): 511–514. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993Geo....21..511C 1993Geo....21..511C.] doi:[https://doi.org/10.1130%2F0091-7613%281993%29021%3C0511%3AETAOFO%3E2.3.CO%3B2 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0511:ETAOFO>2.3.CO;2.]</ref> Gompieno, Letsha la Tanganyika le mo kgaolong ya [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift,]] e leng lekala la bophirima la [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. Le dikologilwe ke dithaba tse di kwa matlhakoreng a mokgatšha wa phatlogo ya lefatshe. Ke letsha le legolo go feta tsotlhe tsa mofuta wa [[:en:Rift_lake|rift]] mo Afrika, mme ke la bobedi mo lefatsheng ka bogolo jwa metsi a a foreshe. Gape ke letsha le le boteng go feta tsotlhe mo Afrika le le tshwereng metsi a mantsi a a foreshe go feta tsotlhe mo kontineng ya Afrika. Le tshwere mo e ka nnang 16% ya metsi a a foreshe a lefatshe a a ka dirisiwang.Letsha leno le boleele jwa dikilometara di le 676 le anametse go tswa bokone go ya borwa ka bophara jwa palogare ya dikilometara di le 50. Le akaretsa lefelo la dikilometara tse di khubiki di le 32,000 ka lotshitshi lwa boleele jwa dikilometara di le 1,900. Palogare ya boteng ke dimetara di le 572 fa boteng jo bogolo ke dimetara di le 1,471, jo bo fitlhelwang mo karolong ya bokone. Go akanyediwa gore letsha leno le tshwere metsi a ka nna 18,750 km³, e leng bongata jo bogolo thata jwa metsi a a foreshe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/19991110092358/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dafr06.html "Datbase Summary: Lake Tanganyika"]. ''ilec.or.jp''. Japan: International Lake Environment Committee Foundation. Archived from [http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dafr06.html the original] on 10 November 1999. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref><ref name=":0" /> Letsha la Tanganyika lena le [[:en:Drainage_basin|mokgatšha]] wa metsi o o ka nnang 231,000 km².Go na le dinoka tse dikgolo di le pedi tse di tsenang mo letsheng leno, mmogo le dinoka tse dinnye le melatswana e mentsi. Melatswana eno gantsi e khutshwane ka ntlha ya dithaba tse di kwa godimo le tse di matsutsuba tse di dikologileng letsha. Noka e le yosi e kgolo e e tswang mo letsheng ke [[:en:Lukuga_River|Lukuga River,]] e e elelang e tsena mo tsamaisong ya [[:en:Congo_River|Congo River.]] Pula le mouoane di na le karolo e kgolo go feta dinoka mo tsamaisong ya metsi a letsha. Go akanyediwa gore bonyenyane 90% ya metsi a a tsenang a tswa mo puleng e e nelelang mo godimo ga letsha, mme bonyenyane 90% ya tahlegelo ya metsi e bakwa ke go mowa ga metsi ka tlhamalalo.<ref name=":1">[[:en:Sven_O._Kullander|Kullander, S.O.]]; Roberts, T.R. (2011). "Out of Lake Tanganyika: endemic lake fishes inhabit rapids of the Lukuga River". ''Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters''. '''22''' (4): 355–76.</ref> Noka e kgolo ke [[:en:Ruzizi_River|Ruzizi River]], e e bopilweng dingwaga di ka nna 10,000 tse di fetileng, e e tsenang mo bokone jwa letsha e tswa mo [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]].<ref name=":2">Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980). ''Natural Wonders of the World''. US: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. pp. 366–67. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-89577-087-5|<bdi>978-0-89577-087-5</bdi>.]]</ref> [[:en:Malagarasi_River|Malagarasi River]] ke noka ya bobedi ka bogolo mo Tanzania, mme e tsena mo letlhakoreng la botlhaba la letsha.<ref name=":2" /> Noka eno e kgologolo go feta letsha ka bolone, mme pele letsha le bopiwa, e ka bo e ne e le karolo ya tsamaiso ya metsi ya [[:en:Lualaba_River|Lualaba River]], e leng mothopo o mogolo wa Noka ya Congo River.<ref name=":1" /> Noka e kgolo e e tswang mo Zambia e bile e tsenang mo karolong ya borwa jwa letsha ke [[:en:Lufubu_River|Lufubu]] River. E tswa mo thoteng e e kwa borwa jwa letsha, e elela go ya kwa bokone-bophirima go ralala dithaba, morago ga moo e retologela go ya bokone-botlhaba go tsena mo letsheng gaufi le Nsumbu.<ref>[https://africageographic.com/stories/nsumbu-national-park/ "Nsumbu National Park"]. ''Africa Geographic''. Retrieved 3 June 2026.</ref> Lake Tanganyika e na le histori e e raraaneng ya diphetogo tsa tsela e metsi a elelang ka yone, ka ntlha ya boleele jo bogolo jwa yone, boteng jo bogolo, go tlala ga yone ka bonya, le lefelo la yone le le kwa dithabeng mo kgaolong e e nang le tiro e ntsi ya dithoromo tsa dithaba tse di tlhotlhogang le diphetogo tsa tlelaemete. Go bonala gore mo nakong e e fetileng, letsha leno ga le ise le ko le nne le phatlha e e tswang ka tlhamalalo go ya lewatleng. Ka ntlha ya seno, le tlhalosiwa jaaka [[:en:Endorheic|“endorheic ka bontsi”.]] Go kgokagana ga letsha le lewatle go ikaegile ka gore metsi a tshwanetse go nna kwa godimo thata mo a ka kgonang go elela go tswa mo letsheng ka Lukuga River go tsena mo tsamaisong ya Congo River.<ref name=":2" /> Fa metsi a sa elele, go tsenwa ga metsi mo Lukuga go gantsi go thibelwa ke mebala ya motlhaba le dimela tsa metsi tse dintsi. Ka nako eo, noka eno e ikaega mo dinokeng tsa yone tse dinnye, segolobogolo Niemba River, go tshegetsa go elela ga yone.<ref name=":1" /> Go simolola ka bo-1990, selekanyo sa metsi mo Lake Tanganyika se ne sa tlhatloga ka mo e ka nnang dimetara di le 2, se baka go rwala matlo le dikago tse di gaufi le lotshitshi.<ref>[https://worldwater.earth/water-surface-elevation-timeseries-reveals-the-rising-water-levels-in-lake-tanganyika "Water surface elevation timeseries reveals the rising water levels in Lake Tanganyika"]. ''WorldWater''. Retrieved 1 June 2026.</ref> Seno se bonagala thata mo toropong ya Nsumbu, gaufi le lotshitshi magareng ga jetty le molomo wa Chisala River, e ka nna dikilometara di le 2 go ya kwa bokone-bophirima. Magareng ga 2018 le 2024, metsi a ne a tsenelela mo teng ga toropo go fitlha mo e ka nnang dimetara di le 300 go tswa mo lotshitshing lwa 2018.<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/search/Nsumbu/@-8.5164746,30.4729444,1517m/data=!3m1!1e3?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D "Nsumbu"]. ''Google Maps''. Retrieved 2 June 2026.</ref><ref>[https://earth.google.com/web/@-8.51664622,30.47719045,771.76267068a,1405.28427165d,35y,0h,0t,0r/data=ChYqEAgBEgoyMDE4LTExLTI2GAFCAggBOgMKATBCAggASg0I____________ARAA "Google Earth imagery showing Nsumbu settlement and shoreline, Zambia".] ''Google Earth - Use the historical slider to select past views''. Google Earth. Retrieved 2 June 2026.</ref> Go akanyediwa gape gore mo nakong e e fetileng, letsha le ka tswa le ne le na le ditsela tse di farologaneng tsa go tsena le go tswa ga metsi. Go akantshiwa gore metsi a ka tswa a ne a tswa mo [[:en:Lake_Rukwa|Lake Rukwa]] e e kwa godimo, kgotsa go ka tswa go ne go na le kgokagano le [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], mme le gone go kile ga akanyediwa tsela ya go tswa e e yang kwa Noka ya [[:en:Nile|Nile]] River. Tsotlhe tseno di bontsha gore histori ya tsamaiso ya metsi ya letsha e fetogile gantsi mo dingwageng di le dimilione.<ref>Lévêque, Christian (1997). ''Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation: The Freshwater Fish of Tropical Africa''. [[:en:Cambridge_University_Press|Cambridge University Press.]] p. 110. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-521-57033-6|<bdi>978-0-521-57033-6</bdi>.]]</ref> '''Dikarolo tsa metsi''' Metsi a Lake Tanganyika a na le [[:en:Hard_water|alkaline]] e e kwa godimo, ka [[:en:PH|pH]] e e ka nnang 9 mo boteng jwa dimetara di le 0–100.<ref name=":3">De, Wever; Muylaert; der Gucht, Van; Pirlot; Cocquyt; Descy; Plisnier; Vyverman (2005). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1214687 "Bacterial Community Composition in Lake Tanganyika: Vertical and Horizontal Heterogeneity".] ''Appl Environ Microbiol''. '''71''' (9): 5029–5037. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ApEnM..71.5029D 2005ApEnM..71.5029D.] doi:[[doi:10.1128/AEM.71.9.5029-5037.2005|10.1128/AEM.71.9.5029-5037.2005.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1214687 1214687.] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16151083 16151083.]</ref> Kwa tlase ga moo, pH e nna mo e ka nnang 8.7, mme e fokotsega ka bonya go fitlha mo magareng ga 8.3 le 8.5 mo mafelong a a boteng go feta tsotlhe a letsha.<ref name=":3" /> Mokgwa o o tshwanang o bonwa mo [[:en:Electric_conductivity|phitisong ya motlakase]], e e tlogang mo e ka nnang 670 μS/cm mo godimo ga metsi go fitlha go 690 μS/cm mo mafelong a a boteng thata.<ref name=":3" /> Themperetšha ya godimo ga metsi gantsi e ka nna 24°C mo karolong ya borwa jwa letsha ka Phatwe, mme e ka tlhatloga go 28–29°C kwa bokhutlong jwa paka ya dipula ka Mopitlwe–Moranang.<ref name=":4">Edmond; Stallard; Craigh; Weiss; Coulter (1993). [[doi:10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0725|"Nutrient chemistry of the water column of Lake Tanganyika".]] ''Limnol. Oceanogr''. '''38''' (4): 725–738. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993LimOc..38..725E 1993LimOc..38..725E.] doi:[[doi:10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0725|10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0725]]</ref> Kwa boteng jo bo fetang dimetara di le 400, themperetšha e nna e sa fetoge thata, e le mo magareng ga 23.1°C le 23.4°C.<ref>O'Reilly, Catherine M.; Alin, Simone R.; Plisnier, Pierre-Denis; Cohen, Andrew S.; Mckee, Brent A. (14 August 2003). "Climate change decreases aquatic ecosystem productivity of Lake Tanganyika, Africa". ''Nature''. '''424''' (6950): 766–768. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Natur.424..766O 2003Natur.424..766O]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi:]][[doi:10.1038/nature01833|10.1038/nature01833.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12917682 12917682.] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1637315 1637315]</ref> Metsi a letsha a ntse a oketsega mogote ka bonya fa e sale go tswa mo lekgolong la bo-19 la dingwaga, mme seno se potlakile le go feta ka ntlha ya [[:en:Global_warming|go gotela ga lefatshe]] fa e sale go tswa mo bo-1950.<ref>Jensen, M.R. (8 August 2016). [https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/lake-tanganyika-fisheries-declining-global-warming "Lake Tanganyika Fisheries Declining From Global Warming".] University of Arizona. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180306085806/https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/lake-tanganyika-fisheries-declining-global-warming Archived] from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.</ref> Letsha le [[:en:Lake_stratification|kgaogane]] ka dikarolo tsa metsi tse di sa kopaneng bonolo. Go tlhakatlhakana ga metsi ka dipaka gantsi ga go fete boteng jwa dimetara di le 150.<ref name=":4" /> Go tlhakatlhakana gono go diragala thata mo karolong ya borwa ka ntlha ya diphefo tse di [[:en:Upwelling|sutisang metsi a a tsididi go tswa kwa tlase go ya godimo.]] Gape go na le go tlhatloga le go fologa ga metsi mo dikarolong tse dingwe tsa letsha.<ref>Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (2003). "Recent research in the African Great Lakes: Fisheries, biodiversity and cichlid evolution". ''Freshwater Forum''. '''20''' (1): 4–64.</ref> Ka ntlha ya go kgaogana gono ga metsi, dikarolo tse di boteng thata di na le se se bidiwang [[:en:Fossil_water|metsi a bogologolo]]<ref>Hutter; Yongqi; and Chubarenko (2011). Physics of Lakes, volume 1: Foundation of the Mathematical and Physical Background. P. 11. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-642-15178-1|<bdi>978-3-642-15178-1</bdi>.]]</ref> a a sa tlhakaneng le a kwa godimo ka dingwaga tse dintsi. Seno se raya gore dikarolo tse di boteng ga di na [[:en:Oxygen|oksijene .]] Ka jalo ditlhapi le [[:en:Obligate_aerobe|diphologolo tsotlhe tse di tlhokang oksijene]] di kgona go tshela fela mo dikarolong tse di kwa godimo tsa letsha. Mo bokone jwa letsha, molelwane ono wa oksijene o fitlhelwa mo boteng jwa dimetara di ka nna 100 fa mo borwa<ref>Wright, J.J.; and L.M. Page (2006). Taxonomic revision of Lake Tanganyikan Synodontis (Siluriformes: Mochokidae). Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 46(4): 99–154.</ref><ref>Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (1987). Ecological Studies in Tropical Fish Communities. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-521-28064-8|<bdi>0-521-28064-8</bdi>.]]</ref> jwa letsha, o fitlhelwa mo boteng jwa dimetara di ka nna 240–250. Dikarolo tse di boteng go feta tsotlhe tsa letsha di na le selekanyo se segolo sa [[:en:Hydrogen_sulfide|hydrogen sulfide]], gase e e botlhole.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Ryan, Emily; Todd, Jonathan A.; McGlue, Michael; Kimirei, Ismael; Soreghan, Michael (2017). "Variation in Taphonomic Character of Shell Beds in Lake Tanganyika, Africa: Paleoenvironmental and Stratigraphic Implications of Shell Beds in Lakes". Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 304608. Geological Society of America. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1130/abs/2017am-304608|10.1130/abs/2017am-304608]]</ref> '''Baeloji''' '''Digagabi''' Letsha la Tanganyika le mafelo a metsi a a le dikologileng ke legae la mefuta e le mmalwa ya digagabi, tsotlhe di akaretsa [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodile]] (go akaretsa kwena e kgolo e e tumileng e e bidiwang [[:en:Gustave_(crocodile)|Gustave]]), [[:en:Zambian_hinged_terrapin|Khudu ya metsi ya Zambia,]] [[:en:Serrated_hinged_terrapin|Serrated hinged terrapin]], Pan hinged terrapin (mofuta ono ga o nne mo letsheng ka bolone mme o fitlhelwa mo matsheng a a gaufi)<ref name=":5">Spawls, Howell, Drewes, and Ashe (2002). A Field Guide to the Reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, London. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-12-656470-1|0-12-656470]]-1</bdi>.</ref>. [[:en:Storm's_water_cobra|Storm’s water cobra]], e leng [[:en:Subspecies|mofuta]] o o mo kotsing wa noga ya metsi e e jang ditlhapi thata, e fitlhelwa fela mo Letsheng la Tanganyika. E rata go nna mo mabopong a a nang le maje.<ref name=":5" /><ref>O'Shea, Mark; Mcintyre, P.B. (2005). [http://www.markoshea.info/oba4-3_zambia_tanzania03.php "Boulengerina annulata stormsi (Storm's water cobra). Attempted predation".] ''Herpetological Review''. '''36''' (2): 189. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171202071348/http://www.markoshea.info/oba4-3_zambia_tanzania03.php Archived] from the original on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> '''Ditlhapi tsa Cichlid''' Letsha la Tanganyika ke legae la [[:en:Endemism|bonyenyane mefuta]] e e fetang 250 ya ditlhapi tsa [[:en:Cichlid|cichlid]]<ref>Kelly West (28 February 2001). [https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 "Results and Experiences of the UNDP/GEF Conservation Initiative (RAF/92/G32) in Burundi, D.R. Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia"]. ''IW:LEARN | Documents''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162707/https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> tse di fitlhelwang fela mo letsheng leno. Go dumelwa gape gore go santse go na le [[:en:Undescribed_taxon|mefuta e mengwe e e iseng e lemogiwe]] ke baitseanape.<ref>Craig Mortiff (24 December 2009). [https://www.cichlid-forum.com/threads/lake-tanganyika-and-its-diverse-cichlids.456196/ "Lake Tanganyika and its Diverse Cichlids"]. ''Cichlid Fish Forum''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162711/https://www.cichlid-forum.com/threads/lake-tanganyika-and-its-diverse-cichlids.456196/ Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> Mo e ka nnang 98% ya mefuta yotlhe ya cichlid mo letsheng leno ga e fitlhelwe kae kapa kae mo lefatsheng fa e se mo Tanganyika fela. Ka ntlha ya seno, letsha leno le botlhokwa thata mo dipatlisisong tsa kafa mefuta [[:en:Speciation|e mesha ya diphologolo e tlhagang ka teng,]] le kafa [[:en:Evolution|botshelo bo fetogang ka teng mo lobakeng lo loleele.]]<ref>Takahashi, T.; Hori, M. (2012). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3363988 "Genetic and Morphological Evidence Implies Existence of Two Sympatric Species in Cyathopharynx furcifer (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika"]. ''International Journal of Evolutionary Biology''. '''2012''' 980879. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi:]][[doi:10.1155/2012/980879|10.1155/2012/980879.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3363988 3363988]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22675655 22675655.]</ref><ref>Kornfield, Ivy; Smith, Peter A (2000). "African Cichlid Fishes: Model Systems for Evolutionary Biology". ''Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics''. '''31''': 163–196. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.163|10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.163]].</ref> Ditlhapi tsa cichlid tsa [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|Matsha a Magolo a Afrika]], go akaretsa Tanganyika, di emela nngwe ya mehlala e megolo go feta tsotlhe ya [[:en:Adaptive_radiation|adaptive radiation]] mo diphologolong tse di nang le marapo a mokwatla.<ref>Meyer, Britta; Matchiner, Michael; Salburger, Walter (25 November 2013). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 "A tribal level phylogeny of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes based on a genomic multi-marker approach"]. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution''. '''83''': 56–71. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009|10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 4334724.] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25433288 25433288.]</ref> Le fa dingwe tsa mefuta eno di ka fitlhelwa gonnye mo godimo ga [[:en:Lukuga_River|Lukuga]] River, ga di kgone go anamela thata mo [[:en:Congo_Basin|tsamaisong ya Congo River]]. Seno se bakwa ke jeokorafi ya mafelo ao, le pharologano ya dikhemikhale tsa metsi.Tikologo e e dikologileng Letsha la Tanganyika e itshiametse gape e itekanetse gona le [[:en:Rapids|mekgacho]] le medi e sianeng ya noka ya Congo. Metsi a Tanganyika, a [[:en:Alkali'|alkaline]] gape ana le [[:en:PH|pH]] e kwa godimo (ga a na asiti e ntsi), a na le [[:en:Calcium|calcium]] le diminerale tse dintsi go farologana le metsi a Congo a a nang le [[:en:Acid|asiti e ntsi,]] [[:en:Sediment|a tletse seretse,]] a tletse matlakala a [[:en:Rainforest|dimela]] le dilo tse dingwe tsa tlholego tse di senyegang. Mo dikarolong dingwe tsa Congo, kgakala le [[:en:Whitewater|metsi a masweu]], metsi a fetoga se se bidiwang [[:en:Blackwater_river|metsi a mantsho]], ka ntlha ya dikhemikhale tse di tswang mo dikgatsheng le mo matlakaleng a ditlhare a a bodileng. Metsi ano a na le [[:en:Tannin|tannins]] tse dintsi mme ga a siamele<ref>[[:en:Sven_O._Kullander|Kullander, S.O]].; Roberts, T.R. (2011). "Out of Lake Tanganyika: endemic lake fishes inhabit rapids of the Lukuga River". ''Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters''. '''22''' (4): 355–76.</ref> ditlhapi tsa cichlid. Ka mokgwa o o tshwanang, mefuta e mentsi ya ditlhapi tsa dinoka tsa tropiki le yone e ka nna ya se kgone go tshela fa e ka tsenngwa mo metsing a a phepa, a alkaline le a nang le diminerale tse dintsi a Letsha la Tanganyika. Le fa Letsha la Tanganyika e na le mefuta e mmalwa ya ditlhapi tsa cichlid fa e bapisiwa le Letsha la [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Malawi]] kgotsa Letsha la [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Victoria]]—matsha a a kileng a nna le koketsego e kgolo le e [[:en:Adaptive_radiation|e potlakileng]] ya mefuta ya ditlhapi mo hisetoring ya bosheng—<ref>Turner, Seehausen; Knight, Allender; Robinson (2001). [[doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01200.x|"How many species of cichlid fishes are there in African lakes?"]]. ''Molecular Ecology''. '''10''' (3): 793–806. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001MolEc..10..793T 2001MolEc..10..793T.] doi:[[doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01200.x|10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01200.]]<nowiki/>x. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11298988 11298988.] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12925712 12925712.]</ref>ditlhapi tsa cichlid tsa Tanganyika ke tsone tse di nang le pharologano e kgolo go feta tsotlhe mo [[:en:Morphology_(biology)|popegelong ya mmele]] le mo [[:en:Genetics|dijining]].<ref name=":6">Meyer, Britta; Matchiner, Michael; Salburger, Walter (25 November 2013). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 "A tribal level phylogeny of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes based on a genomic multi-marker approach"]. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution''. '''83''': 56–71. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009|10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009]]. PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 4334724]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25433288 25433288.]</ref><ref>Seehausen, O. (2015). [[doi:10.1111/nph.13450|"Process and pattern in cichlid radiations – inferences for understanding unusually high rates of evolutionary diversification"]]. ''New Phytologist''. '''207''' (2): 304–312. doi:[[doi:10.1111/nph.13450|10.1111/nph.13450.]] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25983053 25983053.]</ref> Seno se amana le bogologolo jwa Letsha la Tanganyika, ka gonne le legologolo thata go feta Malawi le Victoria. Nako e telele eno e ne ya letla mefuta ya ditlhapi go fetoga le go ikgaoganya ka ditsela tse dintsi go feta tse di bonwang mo matsheng a mangwe.<ref>Nishida, M (1991). "Lake Tanganyika as an evolutionary reservoir of old lineages of East African cichlid fishes: Inferences from allozyme data". ''Experientia''. '''47''' (9): 974–979. doi[[doi:10.1007/bf01929896|:10.1007/bf01929896.]] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37599331 37599331.]</ref> Tanganyika e na le palo e kgolo [[:en:Endemism|go feta tsotlhe]] ya [[:en:Genera|genera]] tsa cichlid tse di fitlhelwang fela mo letsheng leo, fa di bapisiwa le matsha a mangwe otlhe a Afrika.<ref name=":6" /> Ditlhapi tsotlhe tsa cichlid tsa Tanganyika di wela mo setlhopheng sa baeloji se se bidiwang [[:en:Pseudocrenilabrinae|Pseudocrenilabrinae.]] Mo [[:en:Tribe_(biology)|ditlhopheng]] tse di lesome tse di leng mo Pseudocrenilabrinae sephatlo sa tsone di fitlhelwa fela kgotsa segolobogolo mo Tanganyika: [[:en:Cyprichromini|Cyprichromini]], [[:en:Ectodini|Ectodini,]] [[:en:Lamprologini|Lamprologini]], [[:en:Limnochromini|Limnochromini]] le [[:en:Tropheini|Tropheini]] fa tse dingwe tse tharo di na le mefuta e e fitlhelwang mo letsheng: [[:en:Haplochromini|Haplochromini,]] [[:en:Tilapiini|Tilapiini]] le [[:en:Tylochromini|Tylochromini]].<ref>Sparks; Smith (2004). "Phylogeny and biogeography of cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae)". ''Cladistics''. '''20''' (6): 501–517. [[:en:CiteSeerX_(identifier)|CiteSeerX]] [https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.595.2118 10.1.1.595.2118]. doi:[[doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00038.x|10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00038.x.]] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892958 34892958]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:36086310 36086310].</ref> Baitseanape bangwe ba ba ithutang ka ditlhapi ba akantshitse gore ditlhapi tsa cichlid tsa Tanganyika di tshwanetse go kgaoganngwa ka botlalo go nna ditlhopha tse di ka nnang 12 go ya go 16, go akaretsa: [[:en:Bathybatini|Bathybatini,]][[:en:Benthochromini|Benthochromini]],[[:en:Boulengerochromini|Boulengerochromini,]] [[:en:Cyphotilapiini|Cyphotilapiini,]] [[:en:Eretmodini|Eretmodini]],[[:en:Greenwoodochromini|Greenwoodochromini,]] [[:en:Perissodini|Perissodini]] le [[:en:Trematocarini|Trematocarini]] mmogo le ditlhopha tse di setseng tse di umakilweng fa godimo.<ref name=":6" /> Bontsi jwa ditlhapi tsa cichlid tsa Lake Tanganyika di nna gaufi le lotshitshi lwa letsha mo boteng jo bo fitlhang go dimetara di le 100. Le fa go ntse jalo, mefuta mengwe e e nnang mo metsing a a boteng e kgona go fologela mo boteng jwa dimetara di le 200 ka gale.<ref name=":7">Kirchberger; Sefc; Sturmbauer; Koblmuller (2012). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362839 "Evolutionary History of Lake Tanganyika's Predatory Deepwater Cichlids"]. ''International Journal of Evolutionary Biology''. '''2012''' 716209. doi[[doi:10.1155/2012/716209|:10.1155/2012/716209.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362839 3362839]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22675652 22675652.]</ref> Mefuta ya [[:en:Trematocara|Trematocara]] yone e fitlhetswe mo boteng jo bo fetang dimetara di le 300, jo bo leng boteng go feta jwa cichlid efe kgotsa efe e e itsiweng mo lefatsheng.<ref>Loiselle, Paul (1994). The Cichlid Aquarium, p. 304. Tetra Press, Germany. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1564651464|<bdi>978-1564651464</bdi>.]]</ref> Mefuta mengwe ya ditlhapi tsa metsi a a boteng, jaaka [[:en:Bathybates|Bathybates]], [[:en:Gnathochromis|Gnathochromis]], [[:en:Hemibates|Hemibates]] le [[:en:Xenochromis|Xenochromis]] e kile ya tshwarwa mo mafelong a a batlang a sena oksijene gotlhelele, mme baitseanape ga ba ise ba tlhaloganye sentle gore di kgona jang go tshela mo maemong ao.<ref name=":8">Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (1987). Ecological Studies in Tropical Fish Communities. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-521-28064-8|<bdi>0-521-28064-8</bdi>.]]</ref> Bontsi jwa cichlid tsa Tanganyika ke tsa [[:en:Benthic|botlaseng jwa letsha]], kgotsa di nna gaufi le mabopo.<ref>Lindqvist, O.V.; H. Mölsä; K. Solonen; J. Sarvala, editors (1999). From Limnology to Fisheries: Lake Tanganyika and Other Large Lakes. pp. 213–214. Springer. ISBN 978-0792360179</ref> Ga go na cichlid e e tshelang [[:en:Pelagic|ka botlalo mo metsing a a bulegileng]] kgakala le lotshitshi, ntle le mefuta mengwe ya Bathybates<ref name=":7" /> [[:en:Piscivorous|e e jang ditlhapi tse dingwe]]. Mefuta e mebedi e, [[:en:Bathybates_fasciatus|Bathybates fasciatus]] le [[:en:Bathybates_leo|Bathybates leo]] dija thata [[:en:Tanganyika_sardine|ditlhapi tsa sardine tsa Tanganyika]].<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /> Ditlhapi tsa cichlid tsa Tanganyika di farologane thata ka [[:en:Ecology|tsela e di iphedisang ka yone]]. Go na le mefuta [[:en:Herbivore|e e]] [[:en:Herbivore|jang dimela]], [[:en:Detritivore|e e jang matlakala le dilo tse di bolang mo metsing]], [[:en:Planktivore|e e jang plankton]], [[:en:Insectivore|e e jang ditshenekegi]], [[:en:Molluscivore|e e jang dikgapetla tsa metsing]], [[:en:Scavenger|e e jang ditopo tsa diphologolo tse di suleng]], [[:en:Scale-eater|e e jang makwaga a ditlhapi tse dingwe]] le e e jang ditlhapi tse dingwe.<ref name=":9">Craig Mortiff (24 December 2009). [https://www.cichlid-forum.com/threads/lake-tanganyika-and-its-diverse-cichlids.456196/ "Lake Tanganyika and its Diverse Cichlids"]. ''Cichlid Fish Forum''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162711/https://www.cichlid-forum.com/threads/lake-tanganyika-and-its-diverse-cichlids.456196/ Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> Le fa mefuta mengwe e na le dijo tse e di ratang thata, baitseanape ba lemogile gore e ka fetola mekgwa ya yone ya go ja [[:en:Opportunism|fa dijo dingwe di nna dintsi thata]].<ref>Golcher-Benavides J, Wagner CE (2019). "Playing out Liem's Paradox: Opportunistic Piscivory across Lake Tanganyikan Cichlids". ''The American Naturalist''. '''194''' (2): 260–267. doi:[[doi:10.1086/704169|10.1086/704169]]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31318283 31318283.] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155438716 155438716.]</ref> Sekai, mefuta e mentsi e ka simolola go ja [[:en:Stolothrissa_tanganicae|Stolothrissa tanganicae]] le [[:en:Limnothrissa_miodon|Limnothrissa miodon]] fa ditlhapi tseno di nna dintsi mo letsheng. Mekgwa ya tsalo ya cichlid e kgaogana ka ditlhopha tse pedi tse dikgolo: Tse di beelang mae mo lefatsheng kgotsa mo motlhabeng (gantsi mo magageng kgotsa mo diphateng tsa maje) le [[:en:Mouthbrooder|tse di godisang mae mo molomong]].<ref name=":10">Schliewen, U. (1992). Aquarium Fish. Barron's Educational Series. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0812013504|<bdi>978-0812013504</bdi>.]]</ref> Mo mefuteng e e fitlhelwang fela mo Tanganyika go na le dingwe tsa ditlhapi tsa cichlid tse dinnye go feta tsotlhe mo lefatsheng, [[:en:Neolamprologus_multifasciatus|Neolamprologus multifasciatus]] le [[:en:Neolamprologus_similis|Neolamprologus similis]] (tse tsotlhe [[:en:Shell_dweller|di nnang mo dikgapetleng tsa dikgopa]]), mme boleele jwa tsone bo fitlha fela mo e ka nnang 4–5 cm.<ref>[[:en:Rainer_Froese|Froese, Rainer]]; [[:en:Daniel_Pauly|Pauly, Daniel]] (eds.). [https://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Neolamprologus&speciesname=multifasciatus "''Neolamprologus multifasciatus''".] [[:en:FishBase|''FishBase''.]] March 2017 version.</ref><ref>[[:en:Rainer_Froese|Froese, Rainer;]] [[:en:Daniel_Pauly|Pauly, Daniel]] (eds.). [https://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Neolamprologus&speciesname=similis "''Neolamprologus similis''".] ''[[:en:FishBase|FishBase]]''. March 2017 version.</ref> Go na gape le nngwe ya [[:en:Giant_cichlid|cichlid tse dikgolo]] go feta tsotlhe mo lefatsheng e leng Boulengerochromis microlepis e e ka golang go fitlha mo e ka nnang 90 cm ka boleele.<ref name=":9" /><ref>[http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/features/articles/the-10-biggest-cichlids "The 10 biggest cichlids".] Practical Fishkeeping. 13 June 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170320052647/http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/features/articles/the-10-biggest-cichlids Archived] from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.</ref> Mefuta e mentsi ya ditlhapi tsa cichlid tse di tswang mo Lake Tanganyika e tumile thata mo bathong ba ba godisang ditlhapi mo ditankeng tsa metsi. Tse di akaretsa: [[:en:Altolamprologus|Altolamprologus,]] [[:en:Cyprichromis|Cyprichromis]], [[:en:Eretmodus|Eretmodus]], [[:en:Julidochromis|Julidochromis]], [[:en:Lamprologus|Lamprologus]], [[:en:Neolamprologus|Neolamprologus]], [[:en:Tropheus|Tropheus]] le [[:en:Xenotilapia|Xenotilapia]]. Ditlhapi tseno di ratwa ka ntlha ya mebala ya tsone e e ntle, mekgabiso le dipaterone tsa tsone tse di kgatlhang, le mekgwa ya tsone ya boitshwaro e e kgatlhang go e lebelela.<ref name=":10" /> Mo lefatsheng la go godisa ditlhapi mo ditankeng, batho ba le bantsi gape ba rata go aga [[:en:Biotope|setshwano sa diatla]] sa Letsha la Tanganyika, gore e tshwane ka mo go ka kgonegang ka teng le tikologo ya tlholego ya letsha leno, mo go fitlhelwang mefuta e mentsi ya ditlhapi segompienong di kgona go tsadisiwa sentle mo botshwarong.<ref name=":10" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120302102920/http://www.aquariumslife.com/featured/lake-tanganyika-biotope/ "tanganyika biotope aquarium".] Aquariums Life. 10 February 2010. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2014.</ref> '''Ditlhopha tsa cichlid mo Letsheng la Tanganyika''' [[:en:Bathybatini|Bathybatini]] (E): [[:en:Bathybates_ferox|Bathybates ferox]] ke tlhapi e e nnang thata [[:en:Benthic|gaufi le botlase jwa letsha]] mme [[:en:Piscivorous|e ja ditlhapi tse dingwe]]. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo setlhopheng sa Bathybates go na le mefuta e mengwe e e tshelang mo metsing a a bulegileng kgakala le lotshitshi.<ref>Kirchberger; Sefc; Sturmbauer; Koblmuller (2012). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362839 "Evolutionary History of Lake Tanganyika's Predatory Deepwater Cichlids".] ''International Journal of Evolutionary Biology''. '''2012''' 716209. doi:[[doi:10.1155/2012/716209|10.1155/2012/716209.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362839 3362839]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22675652 22675652.]</ref> Baitseanape bangwe ba kgaoganya setlhopha sa Bathybatini ka ditlhopha tse tharo tse di ikemetseng e leng Bathybatini, [[:en:Hemibatini|Hemibatini]] le [[:en:Trematocarini|Trematocarini.]]<ref>Meyer; Matchiner; Salburger (2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4415804 "Lake Tanganyika—A 'Melting Pot' of Ancient and Young Cichlid Lineages (Teleostei: Cichlidae)?".] ''PLOS ONE''. '''10''' (7) e0125043. Bibcode[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PLoSO..1025043W :2015PLoSO..1025043W.] doi:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125043|10.1371/journal.pone.0125043.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4415804 4415804.] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25928886 25928886.]</ref><ref>Weiss; Cotterill; Schliewen (2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 "A tribal level phylogeny of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes based on a genomic multi-marker approach".] ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution''. '''83''': 56–71. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009|10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 4334724]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25433288 25433288.]</ref> [[:en:Benthochromini|Benthochromini]] (E): [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benthochromis_horii&action=edit&redlink=1 Benthochromis horii] e ne ya tlhalosiwa semmuso ke baitseanape ba saense ka ngwaga wa 2008. Le fa go ntse jalo, pele ga moo tlhapi eno e ne e gantsi e tsewa ka phoso e le [[:en:Benthochromis_tricoti|Benthochromis tricoti.]]<ref>Takahashi, T. (2008). "Description of a new cichlid fish species of the genus Benthochromis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika". ''Journal of Fish Biology''. '''72''' (3): 603–613. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JFBio..72..603T 2008JFBio..72..603T.] doi:[[doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01727.x|10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01727.x.]]</ref> [[:en:Boulengerochromini|Boulengerochromini]] (E): [[:en:Boulengerochromis_microlepis|Boulengerochromis microlepis]] ke nngwe ya ditlhapi tsa cichlid<ref>[http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/features/articles/the-10-biggest-cichlids "The 10 biggest cichlids".] Practical Fishkeeping. 13 June 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170320052647/http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/features/articles/the-10-biggest-cichlids Archived] from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.</ref> tse dikgolo go feta tsotlhe mo lefatsheng gape ke yone fela mofuta o o leng mo setlhopheng sa Boulengerochromini.<ref>Weiss; Cotterill; Schliewen (2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 "A tribal level phylogeny of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes based on a genomic multi-marker approach".] ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution''. '''83''': 56–71.</ref> [[:en:Cyphotilapiini|Cyphotilapiini]] (E): [[:en:Cyphotilapia_frontosa|Cyphotilapia frontosa]] ke nngwe ya mefuta e mebedi fela e e tshwanang e e leng mo [[:en:Tribe_(biology)|setlhopheng]]<ref>Takahashi, T.; Nakaya, K. (2003). "New species of Cyphotilapia (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika, Africa". ''Copeia''. '''2003''' (4): 824–832. doi:[[doi:10.1643/ia03-148.1|10.1643/ia03-148.1]]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:83854866 83854866.]</ref> seno. [[:en:Cyprichromini|Cyprichromini]] (E): [[:en:Cyprichromis_microlepidotus|Cyprichromis microlepidotus]] le mefuta e mengwe ya setlhopha seno di tshela mo metsing a a bulegileng a letsha gape [[:en:Planktivore|dija thata plankton.]]<ref>Bigirimana, C. (2006). [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/60487/12363286 "''Cyprichromis microlepidotus''".] [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|''IUCN Red List of Threatened Species''.]] '''2006''' e.T60487A12363286. doi[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60487A12363286.en|:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60487A12363286.en.]] Retrieved 13 November 2021.</ref><ref>Smith, M.P. (1998). Lake Tanganyikan Cichlids, pp. 9–10. ISBN 0-7641-0615-5</ref> [[:en:Ectodini|Ectodini]] (E): [[:en:Ophthalmotilapia_nasuta|Ophthalmotilapia nasuta]] e bontsha [[:en:Sexually_dimorphic|sexual dimorphism]], ke gore e namagadi le e tonanyana ga di tshwane ka ponalo. Mo mofuteng ono ditonanyana di na le mebala e e phatsimang le e e kgatlhang go feta, di na le maphego a maleele go feta gape di na le nko<ref>[https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/ophthalmotilapia-nasuta/ "Ophthalmotilapia nasuta"]. ''Seriously Fish''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162708/https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/ophthalmotilapia-nasuta/ Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> kgotsa sebopego sa tlhogo se se leele go feta sa tse namagadi. [[:en:Eretmodini|Eretmodini]] (E): [[:en:Eretmodus_cyanostictus|Eretmodus cyanostictus]] e nna gaufi le botlase jwa letsha mo mafelong a lotshitshi a a nang le makhubu le [[:en:Surf_zone|metsi a a tsamayang ka maatla]],<ref name=":11">[[:en:Rainer_Froese|Froese, Rainer]]; [[:en:Daniel_Pauly|Pauly, Daniel]] (eds.). [https://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Eretmodus&speciesname=cyanostictus "''Eretmodus cyanostictus''".] ''FishBase''. April 2017 version.</ref> jaaka mefuta e mengwe yotlhe ya setlhopha sa yone.<ref>Smith, M.P. (1998). Lake Tanganyikan Cichlids, pp. 9–10. ISBN 0-7641-0615-5</ref> [[:en:Haplochromini|Haplochromini]]: [[:en:Astatotilapia_burtoni|Astatotilapia burtoni]] ke nngwe ya mefuta e mmalwa fela ya setlhopha<ref>[https://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=4 "Species in the Tanganyika".] ''www.fishbase.se'' (table). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162720/https://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=4 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> seno e e fitlhelwang mo Letsheng la Tanganyika. Seno se farologane le se se diragalang mo [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|matsheng a mangwe a magolo a Afrika,]] jaaka Lake Malawi le Lake Victoria, kwa bontsi jwa cichlid bo leng mo setlhopheng sa Haplochromini.<ref>Lowe-McConnell, R (2009). "Fisheries and cichlid evolution in the African Great Lakes: progress and problems". ''Freshwater Reviews''. '''2''' (2): 131–151. doi:[[doi:10.1608/frj-2.2.2|10.1608/frj-2.2.2]]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54011001 54011001.]</ref> [[:en:Lamprologini|Lamprologini]] (E): [[:en:Julidochromis_marlieri|Julidochromis marlieri]] ke tlhapi e e tumileng thata mo kgwebong ya [[:en:Aquarium|ditlhapi tsa ditanka]] kwa batho ba ba godisang ditlhapi gantsi ba bitsa mefuta ya setlhopha sa Julidochromis ka leina la khutshwafatso la “Julies.”<ref>[https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/julidochromis-marlieri/ "Julidochromis marlieri (Marlier's Julie)".] ''Seriously Fish''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162711/https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/julidochromis-marlieri/ Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> [[:en:Limnochromini|Limnochromini]] (E): [[:en:Gnathochromis_permaxillaris|Gnathochromis permaxillaris]] ke tlhapi [[:en:Planktivore|e e jang]] [[:en:Planktivore|ditshedinyana tse dinnye tse di phaphamalang mo metsing.]] E na le molomo o o sa tlwaelegang o o kgonang go otlologa kgotsa go sutela kwa ntle.<ref>Bigirimana, C. (2006)[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/60493/12364587 . "''Gnathochromis permaxillaris''"]. [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|''IUCN Red List of Threatened Species''.]] '''2006''' e.T60493A12364587. doi:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60493A12364587.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60493A12364587.en.]] Retrieved 13 November 2021.</ref> [[:en:Perissodini|Perissodini]] (E): [[:en:Perissodus_microlepis|Perissodus microlepis]] ke tlhapi e e ikgethileng ka gonne [[:en:Scale-eating|e ja makwaga]] [[:en:Scale-eating|a ditlhapi tse dingwe]].<ref>Stewart, T.A.; Albertson, R.C. (2010). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2828976 "Evolution of a unique predatory feeding apparatus: functional anatomy, development and a genetic locus for jaw laterality in Lake Tanganyika scale-eating cichlids".] ''BMC Biology''. '''8''' (1): 8. doi:[[doi:10.1186/1741-7007-8-8|10.1186/1741-7007-8-8.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2828976 2828976]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20102595 20102595.]</ref> [[:en:Tilapiini|Tilapiini:]] [[:en:Oreochromis_tanganicae|Oreochromis tanganicae]] ke nngwe ya ditlhapi tse di tlwaelegileng thata mo mabopong a Letsha la Tanganyika gape gantsi e fitlhelwa mo [[:en:Fish_market|mebarakeng ya ditlhapi ya mo lefelong leo.]]<ref>Ntakimazi, G. (2006). [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/60625/12387918 "''Oreochromis tanganicae''"]. ''[[:en:IUCN_Red_List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]''. '''2006''' e.T60625A12387918. doi:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60625A12387918.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60625A12387918.en.]] Retrieved 13 November 2021.</ref> [[:en:Tropheini|Tropheini]] (E): [[:en:Tropheus_moorii|Tropheus moorii]] (segolobogolo mofuta wa “red Chimba [[:en:Polymorphism_(biology)|morph]]”) e bontsha pharologano e kgolo mo mebaleng le mo popegelong ya mmele. Ka ntlha ya pharologano eno, baitseanape bangwe ba belaela gore dingwe tsa morphs tse di tsewang jaaka karolo ya [[:en:Taxonomy_(biology)|mofuta o le mongwe]] di ka nna tsa bo e le mefuta e e farologaneng.<ref>Begon, M.; and A.H. Fitter (1995). Advances in Ecological Research, vol. 26, p. 203. ISBN 0-12-013926-X</ref><ref>Salzburger; Niederstätter; Brandstätter; Berger; Parson; Snoeks; Sturmbauer (2006). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1560039 "Colour-assortative mating among populations of Tropheus moorii, a cichlid fish from Lake Tanganyika, East Africa"]. ''Proc Biol Sci''. '''273''' (1584): 257–266. doi:[[doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3321|10.1098/rspb.2005.3321.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1560039 1560039.] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16543167 16543167.]</ref><ref>Robert Toman (2017)[https://web.archive.org/web/20210919232102/http://www.cichlidworld.eu/clanky/evolucia_tropheus_e.htm . "Tropheus Genus Evolution"]. ''Cichlid World''. Archived from [http://www.cichlidworld.eu/clanky/evolucia_tropheus_e.htm the original] on 19 September 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> '''Ditlhapi tse dingwe''' Lamprichthys tanganicanus, e e bidiwang [[:en:Tanganyika_killifish|Tanganyika killifish]], ke yone fela mofuta mo setlhopheng sa yone.<ref name=":11" /> Letsha la Tanganyika le na le mefuta e e fetang 80 ya ditlhapi tse e seng tsa cichlid, mme mo e ka nnang 60% ya tsone di fitlhelwa fela mo letsheng leno.<ref>Wright, J.J.; and L.M. Page (2006). Taxonomic revision of Lake Tanganyikan Synodontis (Siluriformes: Mochokidae). Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 46(4): 99–154.</ref><ref>Kelly West (28 February 2001). [https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 "Results and Experiences of the UNDP/GEF Conservation Initiative (RAF/92/G32) in Burundi, D.R. Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia".] ''IW:LEARN | Documents''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162707/https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref><ref>Brown; Britz; Bills; Rüber; Day (2011). "Pectoral fin loss in the Mastacembelidae: a new species from Lake Tanganyika". ''Journal of Zoology''. '''284''' (4): 286–293. doi:[[doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00804.x|10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00804.x.]]</ref><ref>Wright, J.J.; Bailey, R.M. (2012). [https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91200/1/j.1096-3642.2011.00789.x.pdf "Systematic revision of the formerly monotypic genus Tanganikallabes (Siluriformes: Clariidae)"] (PDF). ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society''. '''165''' (1): 121–142. doi:[[doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00789.x|10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00789.x.]]</ref> Metsi a a bulegileng a letsha a laolwa ke mefuta e le mene e megolo ya ditlhapi tse e seng cichlid. Tse pedi tsa tsone ke [[:en:Limnothrissa_miodon|Limnothrissa miodon]] le [[:en:Stolothrissa_tanganicae|Stolothrissa tanganicae]] tse tsotlhe di bidiwa “Tanganyika sardines.” Ditlhapi tseno di dira [[:en:Biomass|karolo e kgolo]] go feta tsotlhe ya boima jwa ditlhapi mo metsing a a bulegileng, mme di botlhokwa thata jaaka dijo tsa [[:en:Forktail_lates|Lates microlepis]] le [[:en:Sleek_lates|Lates stappersii.]]<ref name=":12">Lindqvist, O.V.; H. Mölsä; K. Solonen; J. Sarvala, editors (1999). From Limnology to Fisheries: Lake Tanganyika and Other Large Lakes. pp. 213–214. Springer. ISBN 978-0792360179</ref> Go na le gape mefuta e mengwe e mebedi ya Lates mo letsheng, [[:en:Tanganyika_lates|Lates angustifrons]] le [[:en:Bigeye_lates|Lates mariae]] mme mefuta eno e mentsi e tsoma thata gaufi le botlase jwa letsha, le fa ka dinako dingwe e ka tsena mo metsing a a bulegileng.<ref name=":12" /> Mefuta yotlhe e mene ya Lates e fitlhelwa fela mo Letsheng la Tanganyika. Le fa go ntse jalo, e tshwerwe thata ke batshwari ba ditlhapi mo dingwageng tse dintsi , mme ka ntlha ya seno ditlhapi tse dikgolo tsa mefuta eno ga di tlhole di bonwa gantsi jaaka pele.<ref name=":12" /> Mo ditlhaping tse di sa tlwaelegang tse di fitlhelwang mo Letsheng la Tanganyika go na le ditlhapi tsa catfish tse di fitlhelwang fela mo letsheng leno mme di dirisa [[:en:Brood_parasitic|mokgwa o o sa tlwaelegang wa tsalo]], o [[:en:Facultative_parasite|o tshwanang le wa nonyane ya cuckoo]]. Tseno di akaretsa [[:en:Synodontis_grandiops|Synodontis grandiops]] le [[:en:Synodontis_multipunctatus|Synodontis multipunctatus]].<ref name=":13">Wright, J.J.; and L.M. Page (2006). Taxonomic revision of Lake Tanganyikan Synodontis (Siluriformes: Mochokidae). Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 46(4): 99–154.</ref><ref name=":14">Schliewen, U. (1992). Aquarium Fish. Barron's Educational Series. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0812013504|<bdi>978-0812013504</bdi>.]]</ref> Tse dingwe tsa go nna le setshwano e leng [[:en:Synodontis_lucipinnis|S.lucipinnis]] le [[:en:Synodontis_petricola|S.petricola]] di eta di nna lego tlhakatlhakangwa, gosa tlhalosege sentle gore a dina le boitshwaro jo bo tshwanang.<ref name=":13" /><ref>[https://www.planetcatfish.com/common/species.php?task=&species_id=103 "Synodontis lucipinnis • Mochokidae"]. ''www.planetcatfish.com''. 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170401232507/https://www.planetcatfish.com/common/species.php?task=&species_id=103 Archived] from the original on 1 April 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2023. </ref> Ditlhapi tseno di dira gore mefuta e mengwe e gole bana ba tsone. Di beela mae ka nako e e tshwanang le ditlhapi tsa cichlid tse di godisang mae mo melomong ya tsone, Cichlid e phutha mae ao ka molomo, e akanya gore ke a yone. Fa mae a catfish a phatloga, bana ba catfish ba simolola go ja mae kgotsa bana ba cichlid ba ba mo molomong oo.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":14" /> Ditlhopha tsotlhe tse di latelang di fitlhelwa fela mo mokgatšheng wa Letsha la Tanganyika: [[:en:Bathybagrus|Bathybagrus]], [[:en:Dinotopterus|Dinotopterus]], [[:en:Lophiobagrus|Lophiobagrus]], [[:en:Phyllonemus|Phyllonemus]], [[:en:Pseudotanganikallabes|Pseudotanganikallabes]] le [[:en:Tanganikallabes|Tanganikallabes.]]<ref name=":15">[https://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=4 "Species in the Tanganyika".] ''www.fishbase.se'' (table). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162720/https://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=4 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref><ref>Wright, J.J. (2017). "A new diminutive genus and species of catfish from Lake Tanganyika (Siluriformes: Clariidae)". ''J Fish Biol''. '''91''' (3): 789–805. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JFBio..91..789W 2017JFBio..91..789W.] doi:[[doi:10.1111/jfb.13374|10.1111/jfb.13374.]] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28744868 28744868.]</ref> Le fa ditlhapi tsa mofuta wa [[:en:Chrysichthys|Chrysichthys]] di fitlhelwa le mo mafelong a mangwe, mefuta e le thataro ya tsone e fitlhelwa fela mo mokgatšheng wa Tanganyika. Ditlhapi tseno di tshela mo metsing a a seng boteng le mo a a boteng thata.<ref name=":15" /> Mo mafelong a a boteng, ke dingwe tsa dibatana tse dikgolo<ref>Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (1987). Ecological Studies in Tropical Fish Communities. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-521-28064-8|<bdi>0-521-28064-8</bdi>.]]</ref> le basweuledi ba ba botlhokwa mo tsamaisong ya tikologo ya letsha. Letsha le gape le na le mongwe wa mehlala e e kgatlhang ya [[:en:Evolutionary_radiation|evolutionary radiation]] (go anamela ga mefuta go tswa mo motsweding o le mongwe). Go na le mefuta e le 15 ya [[:en:Mastacembelus|Mastacembelus]] mme tsotlhe ntle le o le mongwe di fitlhelwa fela mo mokgatšheng wa Letsha la Tanganyika.<ref>Brown; Britz; Bills; Rüber; Day (2011). "Pectoral fin loss in the Mastacembelidae: a new species from Lake Tanganyika". ''Journal of Zoology''. '''284''' (4): 286–293. doi:[[doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00804.x|10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00804.x.]]</ref><ref name=":16">Brown; Rüber; Bills; Day (2010). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2903574 "Mastacembelid eels support Lake Tanganyika as an evolutionary hotspot of diversification".] ''BMC Evolutionary Biology''. '''10''' 188. doi:[[doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-188|10.1186/1471-2148-10-188.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2903574 2903574]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20565906 20565906.]</ref> Le fa matsha a mangwe a magolo a Afrika le one a na le, ditlhapi tsa Synodontis, catfish tse di fitlhelwang fela mo lefelong leo le di-spiny eel tsa Mastacembelus, pharologano e kgolo ya mefuta eno e e bonwang mo Lake Tanganyika ga e tshwanwe le ya letsha lepe le lengwe. Baitseanape ba dumela gore seno se bakilwe ke bogologolo jo bogolo jwa letsha leno.<ref name=":16" /> Mo ditlhaping tse di sa fitlhelweng fela mo Lake Tanganyika, dingwe di anametse mo dikarolong tse dintsi tsa Afrika mme dingwe di fitlhelwa fela mo Letsheng la Tanganyika le mo mekgatšheng ya dinoka tsa Malagarasi le Congo, tse di akaretsang: Polypterus congicus ([[:en:Congo_bichir|Congo bichir]]), [[:en:Goliath_tigerfish|Hydrocynus goliath]], [[:en:Citharinus|Citharinus]] citharus, [[:en:Six-banded_distichodus|Distichodus sexfasciatus]] le [[:en:Mbu_puffer|Tetraodon mbu]].<ref>[https://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=4 "Species in the Tanganyika"]. ''www.fishbase.se'' (table). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162720/https://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=4 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> '''Dikgopa le dikgapetla tsa metsi''' Go fitlhetswe mefuta e le 83 ya [[:en:Freshwater_snail|dikgopa tsa metsi a a foreshe]], mme 65 ya tsone ke tsedi fitlhelwang mo letsheng le fela, le mefuta e le 11 ya [[:en:Bivalve|dikgapetla tse di nang le dikarolo tse pedi]] , mme 8 ya tsone e le e e fitlhelwang mo letsheng le fela le tsona.<ref>Seddon, M.; Appleton, C.; Van Damme, D.; Graf, D. (2011). Darwall, W.; Smith, K.; Allen, D.; Holland, R.; Harrison, I.; Brooks, E. (eds.). ''Freshwater molluscs of Africa: diversity, distribution, and conservation''. IUCN. pp. 92–119. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-1345-8|<bdi>978-2-8317-1345-8</bdi>.]]</ref> Mo dikgapetleng tseno go na le ditlhopha tse tharo tse mongwe le mongwe wa tsone o nang le [[:en:Monotypic|mofuta o le mongwe fela]]: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grandidieria_burtoni&action=edit&redlink=1 Grandidieria burtoni,] [[:en:Pseudospatha_tanganyicensis|Pseudospatha tanganyicensis]] le [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazzaea_anceyi&action=edit&redlink=1 Brazzaea anceyi]<ref name=":17">Brown, D. (1994). ''Freshwater Snails Of Africa And Their Medical Importance.'' 2nd edition. ISBN 0-7484-0026-5</ref>. Dikgopa tse dintsi tsa Tanganyika ga dia tlwaelesega ka gore dikgapetla tsa tsone di tenya thata, di na le mekgabiso kgotsa [[:en:Sculpture_(mollusc)|methalo]] e e bonalang sentle mo dikgapetleng. Dikarolo tseno gantsi di bonwa mo dikgopeng tsa lewatle, e seng mo dikgopeng tsa metsi a a foreshe. Ka ntlha ya seno, dikgopa tseno di bidiwa thalassoids, e leng lefoko le le ka rayang “tse di tshwanang le tsa lewatle.”<ref name=":17" /> Di thalassoids tsotlhe tsa Tanganyika tse di amanang gape le [[:en:Prosobranchia|Prosobranchia]], di bonwa mo letsheng le fela.<ref name=":17" /> Baitseanape ba ne ba kile ba akanya gore dikgopa tseno di amana le dikgopa tsa lewatle tse di tshwanang le tsone mme gompieno go itsiwe gore ga di amane. Ponalo ya tsone e tshwanetse ya bo e bakilwe ke mafelo a a farologaneng thata mo Letsheng la Tanganyika, le [[:en:Evolutionary_pressure|kgatelelo ya tlholego]] e e tswang mo dibataneng tse di jang dikgopa, segolobogolo makhala a [[:en:Platythelphusa|Platythelphusa.]]<ref>Kelly West (28 February 2001). [https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 "Results and Experiences of the UNDP/GEF Conservation Initiative (RAF/92/G32) in Burundi, D.R. Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia]". ''IW:LEARN | Documents''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162707/https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref><ref name=":17" /><ref>West, K.; Cohen, A. (1996). "Shell microstructure of gastropods from Lake Tanganyika, Africa: adaptation, convergent evolution, and escalation". ''Evolution''. '''50''' (2): 672–682. doi:[[doi:10.2307/2410840|10.2307/2410840.]] JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2410840 2410840]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28568935 28568935.]</ref> Go na le ditlhopha di le 17 tsa dikgopa tse di fitlhelwang fela mo Tanganyika, go akaretsa [[:en:Hirthia|Hirthia]], [[:en:Lavigeria|Lavigeria]], [[:en:Paramelania|Paramelania]], [[:en:Reymondia|Reymondia]], [[:en:Spekia|Spekia,]] [[:en:Stanleya_neritinoides|Stanleya]], [[:en:Tanganyicia|Tanganyicia]] le [[:en:Tiphobia|Tiphobia]].<ref name=":17" /> Go na le mefuta e ka nnang 30 ya dikgopa tse e seng thalassoid mo letsheng mme mo go tseno, ke 5 fela tse di endemic, go akaretsa [[:en:Ferrissia_tanganyicensis|Ferrissia tanganyicensis]] le [[:en:Neothauma_tanganyicense|Neothauma tanganyicense]].<ref name=":17" /> Neothauma tanganyicense ke yone kgopa e kgolo go tsotlhe mo Letsheng la Tanganyika e bile dikgapetla tsa yone tse di se nang sepe fa kgopa e sena go swa gantsi di dirisiwa e le mafelo a bonno kgotsa mafelo a go beela mae ke ditlhapi tse dinnye tsa [[:en:Shell_dwellers|cichlid tse di nnang mo dikgapetleng]].<ref>Koblmüller; Duftner; Sefc; Aibara; Stipacek; Blanc; Egger; Sturmbauer (2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790888 "Reticulate phylogeny of gastropod-shell-breeding cichlids from Lake Tanganyika — the result of repeated introgressive hybridization"]. ''BMC Evolutionary Biology''. '''7''' 7. doi:[[doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-7|10.1186/1471-2148-7-7.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790888 1790888.] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17254340 17254340.]</ref> {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Coordinates on Wikidata]] lxlk1ua6lstglccll78cqvfsy8dysup 0 13740 51273 51183 2026-06-22T12:34:43Z Abbymooketsi 12868 Ke baakantse motswedi wa tsebe e ka ba ka tsenya dikgokaganyo.#AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE 51273 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Maler der Grabkammer des Sennudem 001.jpg|thumb|Go lema ka jokwe ya dikgomo tse di dinaka kwa Egepeto wa bogologolo. Setshwantsho se se takilweng go tswa mo phaposing ya phitlho ya Sennedjem, c. 1200 pele ga Keresete]] [[:en:Ancient_Egypt|Motse wa bogologolo wa Egepeto]] o ne o nonotshiwa ke [[:en:Nile_River|Noka ya Nile]] le merwalela ya yone e e tlang ka metlha. Ka jalo, go ikaegile ka Noka ya "Nile"gore e tle e nne le merwalela gangwe le gape. Tsela e noka e e neng e kgona go elela ka yone le mmu wa yone o o nonneng di ne tsa dira gore Baegepeto ba ba tlholegileng koo ba kgone go aga mmusomogolo o o neng o ikaegile ka dikhumo tsa bone tse dikgolo tsa temothuo. Baegepeto ba tsewa ele bangwe ba [[:en:History_of_agriculture|ditlhopha tsa ntlha tsa batho]] ba baneng ba lema ka selekanyo se segolo. Se se ne sa kgonega ka ntlha ya botswerere jwa Baegepeto fa ba ne ba tlhabolola mokgwa wa go nosetsa ka metsi.<ref name=":2">Kees,Herman. "Ancient Egypt: A Cultural Topography." Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961. Print.</ref> Mekgwa ya bone ya go lema e ne ya ba letla go jala dijalo tsa dijo tsa konokono, segolobogolo dithoro tse di jaaka korong le barele, le dijalo tsa madirelo, tse di jaaka [[:en:Flax|leloba]] le [[:en:Papyrus|papirase]].<ref name=":3">Janick, Jules (June 2002). "Ancient Egyptian Agriculture and the Origins of Horticulture". Acta Horticulturae (583): 23–39. [[:en:CiteSeerX_(identifier)|CiteSeerX]] [https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.693.7643 10.1.1.693.7643]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.582.1|10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.582.1]].</ref> == Go simologa ga temothuo == Kwa bophirima jwa Mokgacha wa Nile, Sahara e e kwa botlhaba e ne e le legae la ditso di le mmalwa [[:en:Neolithic|tsa motlha wa bogologolo]]. Ka [[:en:African_humid_period|nako ya komelelo ya Africa]], se e ne ele lefelo le le nang le dimela tse dintsi, mme palo ya batho ba ba neng ba nna mo Sahara e ne ya oketsega thata ka dingwaga di ka nna dikete di le borobabobedi pele ga ga Keresete. Ba ne ba tshela ka go tsoma le go tshwara ditlhapi mo macheng a lefelo leo,<ref>White, Kevin H.; Bristow, Charlie S.; Armitage, Simon J.; Blench, Roger M.; Drake, Nick A. (11 January 2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3021035 "Ancient watercourses and biogeography of the Sahara explain the peopling of the desert"]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108 (2): 458–462. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PNAS..108..458D 2011PNAS..108..458D]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1073/pnas.1012231108|10.1073/pnas.1012231108]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1091-6490 1091-6490]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3021035 3021035]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21187416 21187416].</ref> le ka go kgobokanya [[:en:Cereal|dijo tsa ditlhaka]] tsa kwa sekakeng sa Sahara, tse di neng di le dintsi. Dithoro tse di jaaka [[:en:Brachiaria|brachiaria]], [[:en:Sorghum|sorghum]] le [[:en:Urochloa|urochloa]] e ne e le dijo tsa botlhokwa.<ref>Tafuri, Mary Anne; Bentley, R. Alexander; Manzi, Giorgio; di Lernia, Savino (September 2006). "Mobility and kinship in the prehistoric Sahara: Strontium isotope analysis of Holocene human skeletons from the Acacus Mts. (southwestern Libya)". Journal of Anthropological Archaeology. 25 (3): 390–402. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.jaa.2006.01.002|10.1016/j.jaa.2006.01.002]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0278-4165 0278-4165].</ref> Motlha wa bongola wa Afrika o ne o fela ka iketlo, mme o ne wa fela mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le dikete tse thataro go ya go di le tlhano tse di fetileng. Bogologolo pele ga nako eo, badisa ba ba neng ba fuduga ba ne ba ya kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa Afrika , mme gape ba ne ba tla le kwa nokeng ya Nile, koo go neng go na le dilo di le mmalwa fela tse di bontshang gore go ne go na le temothuo pele ga moo. [[:en:Dakhleh_Oasis|Oasis ya Dakhleh]], e ne ele yone e go neng go dirwa dipatlisiso tse di tseneletseng mo go yone botsheng jaana, mme e ne ele bosupi jo bo botlhokwa jwa temothuo ya bogologolo ya Egepeto.<ref name=":0">McDonald, Mary M.A. (2016). [[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.100|"The pattern of Neolithization in Dakhleh Oasis in the Eastern Sahara"]]. Quaternary International. 410. Elsevier BV: 181–197. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]][https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016QuInt.410..181M :2016QuInt.410..181M.] [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]][[doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.100|:10.1016/j.quaint.2015.10.100.]] [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1040-6182 1040-6182].</ref> E ka nna ya tsewa e le e e tshwanang le ya morago ga Pleistocene kwa Bokonebotlhaba jwa Afrika ka kakaretso. Akhleh Oasis e kwa [[:en:Western_Desert_(Egypt)|Sekakeng sa Bophirima (kwa Egepeto)]]. E bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano (220 mi) go tswa kwa Nokeng ya [[:en:Nile|Nile]] magareng ga Oases ya [[:en:Farafra|Farafra]] le [[:en:Kharga|Kharga]]. Kwa Dakhleh, batho ba setso sa Bashendi e ne e le badisa-batho ba ba tsamayang ba batla dijo ka nako ya komelelo ya Afrika. Ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a agilweng ka matlapa, le mo mafelong a a bulegileng a a neng a na le dithota tse di nang le ditlhatsana. Kwa mafelong a mangwe kwa Bophirima jwa Sekaka sa Egepeto, ditlhopha tse di dingwang le tsa Bashendi gape di nnile teng kwa [[:en:Farafra_Oasis|Farafra Oasis]], le [[:en:Nabta_Playa|Nabta Playa]], kwa borwa.<ref name=":0" /> Ba-Bashendi ba ne ba dirisa ditshipi tsa matlapa a motlhaba go sila mabele a naga le mabele a temo.<ref>Graham Chandler (2006), [https://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/200605/before.the.mummies.the.desert.origins.of.the.pharaohs.htm Before the Mummies: The Desert Origins of the Pharaohs]. Saudi Aramco World. Volume 57, Number 5</ref> Kwa Farafra Oasis, go ne ga fitlhelwa podi e e neng e le teng ka dingwaga tse di ka nnang dikete di le thataro le lekgolo pele ga keresete (8100 cal BP) kwa motseng wa Hidden Valley. Kwa Nabta Playa, go na le masalela a dinku/dipodi le dikgomo a a simolotseng mo e ka nnang makgolo a thataro pele ga ga keresete (8000 cal BP). Le fa go ntse jalo, dipodi le dikgomo ke tsone fela dilo tsa motlha wa Bogologolo tse di tswang kwa botlhaba jo bo gaufi tse banni ba di- oasis ba neng ba di amogela. Ditiragalo tse dingwe tsa setso, tse di jaaka madirelo a go dira ditena, di simologile mo lefelong leo, kana bobotlana mo teng ga Bokonebotlhaba jwa Afrika.<ref name=":0" /> [[:en:Faiyum_Oasis|Faiyum Oasis]] ya kwa Egepeto le yone e na le bosupi jwa gore go ne go na le temothuo mo e ka nnang ka yone nako eo. Go na le [[:en:Sheep|dinku]], [[:en:Goat|dipodi]], [[:en:Pig|dikolobe]] le [[:en:Cattle|dikgomo]] tse di ruilweng. Dinku tsa kwa lefelong la Qasr El-Sagha di na le dingwaga di le dikete di le tlhano le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano pele ga keresete (7350 cal BP), le dinku, dipodi le dikgomo di na le dingwaga di le dikete le lekgolo le masome a matlhano pele ga Keresete (7150 cal BP).<ref name=":1">Linseele, Veerle; Van Neer, Wim; Thys, Sofie; Phillipps, Rebecca; Cappers, René; Wendrich, Willeke; Holdaway, Simon (2014-10-13). Caramelli, David (ed.). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4195595 "New Archaeozoological Data from the Fayum "Neolithic" with a Critical Assessment of the Evidence for Early Stock Keeping in Egypt"]. PLOS ONE. 9 (10) e108517. Public Library of Science (PLoS). [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PLoSO...9j8517L 2014PLoSO...9j8517L]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108517|10.1371/journal.pone.0108517]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1932-6203 1932-6203]. [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4195595 4195595]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25310283 25310283].</ref> Fa e le ka dijalo, [[:en:Emmer_wheat|korong ya emmer]] le [[:en:Barley|barley]] di fitlhelwa kwa Faiyum kwa mafelong a Kom K le Kom W, a a kwadilweng ka ca. 4500-4200 BC.<ref>Wendrich, W.; Taylor, R.E.; Southon, J. (2010). "Dating stratified settlement sites at Kom K and Kom W: Fifth millennium BCE radiocarbon ages for the Fayum Neolithic". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms. 268 (7–8). Elsevier BV: 999–1002. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010NIMPB.268..999W 2010NIMPB.268..999W]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2009.10.083|10.1016/j.nimb.2009.10.083]]. [[:en:ISSN_(identifier)|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0168-583X 0168-583X].</ref><ref name=":1" /> Go na le dilo tse dintsi tse di dirilweng ka letsopa mo mafelong a, mme ga go na bosupi jo bontsi jwa gore go kile ga agiwa dikago tse nnelang ruri. [[:en:Merimde_culture|Setso sa Merimde]] se simolotse mo e ka nnang ka 4800 go ya ko 4300 BC. Batho bano ba ne ba simolola go nna le itsholelo ya temothuo ka botlalo. Gape go dumelwa gore lefelo le le bidiwang [[:en:Merimde_Beni_Salama|Merimde Beni Salama]], le le dikilometara di ka nna 15 go ya kwa bokonebophirima jwa Cairo, ke lone toropo ya ntlha e e neng ya nna teng ka bosakhutleng jwa Egepeto.<ref>William H. Stiebing Jr., Susan N. Helft (2017), [https://books.google.com/books?id=C4U0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT76 Ancient Near Eastern History and Culture.] Routledge. p. 76</ref> Setso sa Merimde se ne sa kopana le [[:en:Faiyum_A_culture|setso sa Faiyum A]], le [[:en:Badari_culture|setso sa Badari]] kwa Egepeto e e kwa Godimo, se se neng sa nna gone moragonyana. Tse tsotlhe e ne e le dijalo tsa temothuo. '''Go jala mo Nokeng ya Nile le mo masimong''' Motse wa Egepeto wa bogologolo o ne wa gola mo kgaolong e e omeletseng ya bokone jwa Afrika. Kgaolo e e lemogiwa ka dikaka tsa Arabia le Libya<ref>"Mysteries of Egypt. Canadian Museum of Civilization. "http://www.civilization.ca/cmc/exhibitions/civil/egypt/egcgeo2e.shtml</ref> le Noka ya [[:en:Nile|Nile]]. Nile ke noka e telele gp gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng, e elela go ya kwa bokone go tswa kwa [[:en:Lake_Victoria|lecheng la Victoria]] mme kgabgare e elela mo lewatleng la Mediterranean. Noka ya Nile e na le melatswana e mebedi e megolo: [[:en:Blue_Nile|Blue Nile]] e e simologang kwa Ethiopia, le [[:en:White_Nile|White Nile]] e e elelang go tswa kwa Uganda. Le fa gone Noka ya White Nile e tsewa e le telele ebile go le motlhofo go e kgabaganya, Noka ya Blue Nile yone e na le metsi otlhe a noka e. Maina a melatswana e a tswa mo mmala wa metsi a e a tshelang. Dinoka tse di kopana kwa [[:en:Khartoum|Khartoum]] mme di kgaogana gape fa di fitlha kwa Egepeto, di bopa noka ya Nile.<ref>Hoyt, Alia. "How the Nile Works." http://history.howstuffworks.com/african-history/nile-river2.htm</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Nile watershed topo.png|thumb|Lefelo le noka ya Nile e elelang mo go lone]] Baegepeto ba ne ba dirisa tsela ya tlholego e noka ya Nile e neng e elela ka yone. E re ka morwalela o o ne o direga ka tsela e e neng e ka solofelwa, Baegepeto ba ne ba kgona go lema mo tikologong e. Metsi a a noka a ne a tla tlhatloga ka kgwedi ya Phatwe le Lwetse, a dira gore dipoa tsa merwalela le delta di nwediwe ke metsi a a dimetara di le 1,5 ka nako ya fa merwalela e e e le maatla thata. Metsi a a elelang ngwaga le ngwaga mo nokeng e a bidiwa merwalela. Fa metsi a morwalela a ntse a fokotsega ka kgwedi ya Diphalane, balemi barui ba ne ba sala ba na le mmu o o noseditsweng sentle le o o nonneng o ba neng ba ka jala dijalo tsa bone mo go one. Mmu o o neng wa tlogelwa morago ke morwalela o bidiwa seretse mme o ne wa tisiwa go tswa kwa dithabeng tsa Ethiopia le Nile. Go ne go jalwa ka kwedi ya Diphalane fa merwalela e sena go fela, mme dijalo di ne di tlogelwa gore di gole ka tlhokomelo e nnye go fitlha di butswa magareng ga dikgwedi tsa Mopitlwe le Motsheganong. Le fa gone Noka ya Nile e ne e na le metsi a mantsi go feta dinoka tse dingwe, tse di jaaka Tigris le Euferatese, ga se ka metlha e neng e na le metsi a a lekaneng. Metsi a morwalela a ne a le kotsi ebile a ne a ka senya mesele e e neng e diretswe go nosetsa. Go tlhoka merwalela go ne ga baka bothata jo bogolo ka gonne go ne ga dira gore Baegepeto ba bolawe ke leuba.<ref name=":4">Postel, Sandra. "Egypt's Nile Valley Basin Irrigation". http://www.waterhistory.org/histories/nile/t1.html#photo1</ref> '''Dithulaganyo tsa go nosetsa''' Gore Baegepeto ba dirise metsi a Noka ya Nile ka tsela e e molemo, ba ne ba dira dithulaganyo tsa go nosetsa. Go nosetsa go ne ga dira gore Baegepeto ba kgone go dirisa metsi a Nile mo dilong tse di farologaneng. Go nosetsa go ne go fa taolo e kgolwane mo ditirong tsa bone tsa temothuo<ref name=":2" />. Metsi a morwalela a ne a faposiwa go tswa mo mafelong mangwe, a a jaaka ditoropo le ditshingwana, gore a se ka a nna le merwalela. Gape go ne go nosediwa metsi a Baegepeto ba neng ba a nwa. Le fa gone go nosetsa go ne go le botlhokwa thata gore ba atlege mo temothuong, go ne go se na melao ya puso e e laolang metsi. Go na le moo, go nosetsa e ne e le oikarabelo jwa balemi barui ba lefelo leo. Le fa go ntse jalo, tshupiso ya bogologolo le e e itsegeng thata ya go nosetsa mo thutamaropeng ya Egepeto e ne ya fitlhelwa mo tlhogong ya ga [[:en:King_Scorpion|Kgosi ya Scorpion]], e e neng ya kwalwa mo e ka nnang ka 3100 BC. Tlhogo ya thobane e tshwantshetsa kgosi e rema mo moseleng o e leng karolo ya mosele wa go nosetsa mo mogobeng. Tsela e kgosi e e nang le maemo a a kwa godimo e neng e amanngwa ka yone le go nosetsa e gatelela botlhokwa jwa go nosetsa le jwa Egepeto. Baegepeto ba bogologolo ba ne ba dira didiriswa tse di neng di bidiwa Nilometers go lekanya metsi a Noka ya Nile ka nako ya merwalela ya ngwaga le ngwaga. Dikago tse, tse gantsi dineng di agiwa e le ditepisi, dipilara kgotsa didiba tse di neng di tshwailwe ka dimetara tse tlhomameng, di ne di thusa badiredibagolo go bona gore metsi a khurumetse go le kana kang. Nilometers e ne e na le seabe sa botlhokwa mo thulaganyong ya temothuo, ka gonne selekanyo sa merwalela se ne se ama ka tlhamalalo selekanyo sa thobo ya dijalo. Fa merwalela e le kwa tlase e ka dira gore go seka ga nna le thobo e e lekaneng le leuba, fa merwalela e e feteletseng yone e ka senya mafelo a batho ba ba nnang mo go one le masimo. Gape go ne go dirisiwa Nilometers go lekanya makgetho le go laola didirisiwa.<ref>Friedman, Zaraza, [[doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-4425-0_9644|"Nilometer"]], ''Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures'', Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 1751–1760, [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-4559-2|978-1-4020-4559-2]]</bdi>, retrieved 2026-06-19</ref> '''Go nosetsa metsi a a fa tlase ga metsi''' Baegepeto ba ne ba simolola go dirisa mokgwa wa go laola metsi o o bidiwang go nosetsa ka megobe. Mokgwa ono o ne o ba letla gore ba laole go tlhatloga le go wela ga noka gore e tsamaisane le dilo tse ba di tlhokang mo temothuong. Go ne ga dirwa lobota lwa mmu lo lo kgabaganyang mo tshimong ya dijalo e noka e neng e tla e khurumetsa. Fa merwalela e tla, metsi a ne a tla tswalela mo megobeng e e neng e dirilwe ke dipota. Metsi ano a ne a tla nna mo mmung lobaka lo loleele go feta kafa a neng a tla nna ka teng ka tlholego, mme seo se ne se tla dira gore mmu o nne le metsi a a lekaneng gore o ka jalwa moragonyana. Fa mmu o sena go nosediwa ka botlalo, metsi a morwalela a a neng a setse mo mogobeng ono a ne a ya kwa mogobeng o mongwe o o neng o tlhoka metsi a a oketsegileng.<ref name=":4" /> '''Temo ya dijalo''' Gone ga dirwa le [[:en:Orchard|ditshingwana tsa maungo]] le [[:en:Garden|tsa merogo]] mo godimo ga go jala masimo mo mafelong a a neng a tletse ka merwalela. Ka kakaretso, [[:en:Horticulture|go lema dijalo]] tse go ne go dirwa kgakala le lefelo le le neng le tletse metsi la Nile, mme ka ntlha ya seo, go ne go tlhoka tiro e ntsi.<ref name=":5">Dollinger, Andre. "An Introduction to the History and Culture of Pharaonic Egypt". [http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/index.html http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/index.html.]</ref> Go nosetsa ka metlha go go neng go tlhokega mo ditshingwaneng go ne go pateletsa balemirui go rwala metsi ka diatla go tswa mo sedibeng kgotsa go tswa mo Nokeng ya Nile go nosetsa dijalo tsa bone tsa tshingwana. Mo godimo ga moo, fa noka ya Nile e ne e tlisa seretse se se neng se nontsha mokgatšha ka tsela ya tlholego, ditshingwana di ne di tshwanetse go nontshiwa ka motshotelo wa maeba. Gantsi ditshingwana tseno le masimo a maungo di ne di dirisediwa go jala merogo, diterebe le ditlhare tsa maungo.<ref>"Agriculture." The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. 2001. Print.l</ref> == Dijalo tse di lemilweng == '''Dijalo tsa dijo''' Baegepeto ba ne ba lema dijalo tse di farologaneng tse ba neng ba di ja, go akaretsa [[:en:Grain|dithoro]], [[:en:Vegetable|merogo]] le [[:en:Fruit|maungo]]. Le fa go ntse jalo, dijo tsa bone di ne di akaretsa dijalo di le mmalwa tsa konokono, segolobogolo mabele le [[:en:Barley|barele]]. Dithoro tse dingwe tse dikgolo tse di neng di jalwa di ne di akaretsa korong ya [[:en:Einkorn_wheat|einkorn]] le korong ya [[:en:Emmer_wheat|emmer]], e e neng e jalwa go dira senkgwe. Dijo tse dingwe tsa konokono tsa bontsi jwa batho ba koo e ne e le [[:en:Bean|dinawa]], [[:en:Lentil|di-lentil]], mme moragonyana e ne ya nna dinawa tsa [[:en:Chickpea|chickpeas]] le [[:en:Fava_beans|fava]]. Go ne go jalwa dijalo tse di jaaka dieie, [[:en:Garlic|garlic]] le [[:en:Radish|radish]], mmogo le dijalo tsa [[:en:Salad|salate]], tse di jaaka [[:en:Lettuce|lettuce]] le [[:en:Parsley|parsley]].<ref name=":3" /> Maungo e ne e le selo se se neng se tlwaelegile thata mo botaking jwa Baegepeto, se se bontshang gore go gola ga one e ne e le selo se segolo se se neng se dirwa mo temothuong fa [[:en:Agricultural_technology|maranyane a temothuo]] ya setšhaba seno e ntse e gola. Go farologana le dithoro le dinawa, maungo a ne a tlhoka mekgwa e e thata le e e raraaneng ya temothuo, go akaretsa le go dirisa dithulaganyo tsa go nosetsa, [[:en:Cloning|go]] [[:en:Cloning|thapisa]], [[:en:Plant_propagation|go ntsifatsa]] le go ikatisa. Le fa maungo a ntlha a a neng a lengwa ke Baegepeto a ka tswa [[:en:Introduced_species|a ne a tswa mo nageng ya bone]], a a jaaka mokolane le [[:en:Sorghum_bicolor|mabele]], go ne ga tsenngwa maungo a mangwe fa ditso tse dingwe di ntse di tsena. [[:en:Grape|Diterebe]] le [[:en:Watermelon|magapu]] di ne di fitlhelwa mo mafelong otlhe a [[:en:Prehistoric_Egypt|Egepeto a pele ga metlha ya dikgosi]], fela jaaka go ne go ntse ka [[:en:Sycamore_fig|mofeige wa mosikamore]], setlhare sa mokolane sa dom le [[:en:Christ's_thorn|mutlwa wa ga Keresete]]. Baegepeto ba ne ba simolola go ja [[:en:Carob|carob]], [[:en:Olive|motlhware]], [[:en:Apple|apole]] le [[:en:Pomegranate|garenate]] ka nako ya [[:en:New_Kingdom_of_Egypt|Puso e Ntšha]]. Moragonyana, [[:en:Greco-Roman_period|ka nako ya puso ya Bagerika le Baroma]], [[:en:Peach|diperekisi]] le [[:en:Pear|diperela]] le tsone di ne tsa simolola go dirisiwa.<ref>Janick, Jules (February 2005). "The Origins of Fruits, Fruit Growing and Fruit Breeding". Plant Breeding Reviews. Vol. 25. pp. 255–320. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1002/9780470650301.ch8|10.1002/9780470650301.ch8]]. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-470-65030-1|978-0-470-65030-1]].</ref> '''Dijalo tsa madirelo le tsa tlhale''' Baegepeto ba ne ba sa ikaega fela ka temothuo gore ba kgone go ntsha dijo. Ba ne ba dirisa dimela ka botlhale, ba di dirisetsa go [[:en:Medicine|alafa]], e le karolo ya ditiro tsa bone tsa [[:en:Religious|bodumedi]] le go dira [[:en:Clothing|diaparo]]. Gongwe [[:en:Herb|melemo]] e ne e dirisediwa dilo tse di farologaneng; e ne e dirisiwa mo go [[:en:Cooking|apeeleng]], mo kalafing, mo [[:en:Cosmetics|ditlolong tsa go intlafatsa]] le mo go [[:en:Embalming|omiseng ditopo]]. Go ile ga fitlhelwa mefuta e e fetang dikete tse pedi tsa dimela tse di thunyang kgotsa tse di nkgang monate mo [[:en:Tomb|mabitleng]]. <ref name=":3" /> [[:en:Papyrus|Paparaise]] e ne e le sejalo se se neng se kgona go dirisiwa ka ditsela tse di farologaneng se se neng se gola mo nageng e bile se ne se lengwa le mo masimong.<ref name=":6">Baines, John. "The Story of the Nile." https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/egyptians/nile_01.shtml</ref> [[:en:Root|Medi]] ya semela se e ne e jewa e le dijo, mme e ne e dirisiwa thata mo [[:en:Industrial_crop|madirelong]]. [[:en:Plant_stem|Thito]] ya semela seno e ne e dirisediwa go dira mekoro, meseme le pampiri. Flax e ne e le sejalo se sengwe se se botlhokwa se se neng se dirisiwa mo madirelong mme se ne se dirisiwa ka ditsela tse di farologaneng. E ne e dirisiwa thata go dira megala le go dira leloba le e neng e le lone selo sa konokono se Baegepeto ba neng ba se dirisa go dira diaparo. [[:en:Henna|Henna]] e ne e jalwa gore go dirwe [[:en:Dye|dae]].<ref name=":3" /> == Diphologolo == '''Dikgomo''' [[Setshwantsho:Nebamun-ViewingTheProduceOfTheEstates-3.JPG|thumb|Setshwantsho se se bontshang go ntshiwa ga dikgomo tsa Baegepeto go newa Nebamune]] Dikgomo tsa bogologolo tsa Baegepeto di ne di na le mefuta e mene e e farologaneng: [[:en:Horn_(anatomy)|dinaka tse ditelele]], dinaka tse dikhutshwane, dikgomo tsa [[:en:Polled_livestock|polled]] le tsa [[:en:Zebu|zebuine]].<ref name=":7">[http://www.ucl.ac.uk/museums-static/digitalegypt/foodproduction/cattle.html "Cattle in Ancient Egypt"]. Ucl.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-09-09.</ref> Bosupi jwa bogologolo jwa gore go ne go na le dikgomo kwa Egepeto bo tswa kwa kgaolong ya [[:en:Faiyum|Faiyum]], e e simologileng mo [[:en:Fifth_millennium_BC|mileniamong wa botlhano pele ga ga keresete]].<ref name=":7" /> Mo Bogosing jo bosha, [[:en:Zebuine_cattle|dikgomo tsa di-zebuine]] tse di neng di na le mokwatla di ne tsa romelwa kwa Egepeto go tswa kwa lefatsheng la Syria, mme go lebega di ne tsa emisetsa mefuta ya pele.<ref name=":7" /> '''Dikoko''' Di-incubator tse di dirilweng ke motho, tse di bidiwang [[:en:Egyptian_egg_oven|di-ovene tsa mae tsa Egepeto]], di simologile mo [[:en:4th_century_BC|lekgolong la bone la dingwaga tsa pele ga ga keresete]] mme di ne di dirisiwa go ntsha dikoko ka bontsi.<ref>Percy, Pam. The Field Guide to Chickens, [[:en:Voyageur_Press|Voyageur Press]], St. Paul, Minnesota, 2006, page 16. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-7603-2473-5|0-7603-2473-5]].</ref> == Bodumedi le Temothuo == Kwa Egepeto wa bogologolo, bodumedi e ne e le karolo e e botlhokwa thata ya botshelo jwa letsatsi le letsatsi. Bontsi jwa meletlo ya bodumedi ya Baegepeto e ne e remeletse mo dilong tse ba di lemogileng ka tikologo, Noka ya Nile le temothuo. Ba ne ba dirisa bodumedi go tlhalosa [[:en:Natural_phenomenon|ditiragalo tsa tlholego]], jaaka go elela ga metsi a Noka ya Nile le go oketsega ga thobo ya temothuo.<ref>Teeter, Emily and Brewer, Douglas. "Religion in the Lives of the Ancient Egyptians." The University of Chicago Library. http://fathom.lib.uchicago.edu/1/777777190168/</ref> Le fa gone noka ya Nile e ne ya dira gore Baegepeto ba nne le masego kana masego, Baegepeto bone ba ne ba sa obamele noka ya Nile. Go na le moo, ba ne ba leboga medimo e e rileng fa ba bone masego. Ba ne ba sena leina la noka e mme ba ne na e bitsa fela ba re "Noka". Lefoko "Nile" ga le simologe kwa Egepeto.<ref name=":6" /> '''Medimo''' Baegepeto bane ba tsaya morwalela e le motho ka go bopa modimo mongwe yo o bidiwang Hapi. Le fa gone morwalela o ne o le botlhokwa gore ba kgone go tshela, Hapi o ne a sa tsewe e le modimo o mogolo.<ref name=":6" /> O ne a tshwantshiwa jaaka motho yo o nang le mpa e kgolo yo o neng a ntsha ditshupelo tsa metsi le dilo tse dingwe tse di neng di le dintsi mo go boFaro.<ref name=":5" /> Ga go ise go ke go agiwe tempele e e kgethegileng ya ga Hapi, mme o ne a obamelwa fa morwalela o simolola ka go dira ditlhabelo le go opela dipina tsa pako.<ref name=":6" /> Gape modimo [[:en:Osiris|Osiris]] o ne a amanngwa thata le Noka ya Nile le go nna le maungo ga lefatshe. Ka nako ya meletlo ya merwalela, ditshwantsho tsa Osiris tse di dirilweng ka seretse di ne di jalwa ka barele.<ref name=":6" /> == Didirisiwa Tsa Temothuo == Temothuo ya Egepeto wa bogologolo e ne e ikaegile ka didirisiwa tse di farologaneng tsa diatla le tse di neng di dirisiwa ke diphologolo. Pele ga go jalwa, mmu o ne o thubiwa le go retololwa ka diforo tsa logong, tse gantsi di neng di gogwa ke dipholo. Fa ba sena go lema, badiri ba ne ba dirisa dikgole tsa logong go phutholola mmu le go o baakanya gore o leme peo. Gantsi go ne go jalwa ka diatla, morago ga moo diruiwa di ne di ka nna tsa kgweediwa go kgabaganya masimo gore di gatelele dipeo mo mmung.<ref>Mark, Joshua J. (2017-01-10). [https://www.worldhistory.org/article/997/ancient-egyptian-agriculture/ "Ancient Egyptian Agriculture".] World History Encyclopedia.</ref> Gantsi go ne go rojwa ka dikgwage tse di nang le dikgwage tse di dirilweng ka maje a a bogale. Morago ga thobo, dithoro di ne di silwa go kgaoganya dithoro tse di jewang le matlhaka, go tswa foo di bo di feferwa go ntsha matlhaka. Ditshwantsho tse di takilweng mo mabitleng le dilo tse di ribolotsweng ke baithutamarope di bontsha gore di ne di dirisiwa thata mo metlheng e e farologaneng ya hisitori ya Egepeto.<ref>Mark, Joshua J. (2017-01-10). [https://www.worldhistory.org/article/997/ancient-egyptian-agriculture/ "Ancient Egyptian Agriculture"]. World History Encyclopedia.</ref> == Bona gape == * [[:en:Land_reform_in_ancient_Egypt|Go fetolwa ga melao ya naga kwa Egepeto wa bogologolo]] == Metswedi == aelj4fby91idfx8cf18pl3d3ym3qbxm 0 13780 51321 51159 2026-06-23T07:46:35Z JudithShe 9421 Ke golagantse tsebe e le tse dingwe #AW2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51321 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Mazowe''' (kgotsa Letamo la Mazoe) ke letamo le le mo [[Noka ya Mazowe|nokeng ya Mazowe]] kwa [[Zimbabwe]], mo Iron Mask Hills dikilometara di ka nna masome a mararo le botlhano (35 (22 mi) bokone jwa [[Harare]]. E agilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi (1920), e ne e agetswe go nosetsa masimo a Mazoe. <ref name=":0">''Encyclopedia Zimbabwe'' (2nd ed.). Worcester: Arlington Business Corporation. 1989. [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-9514505-0-6|ISBN <bdi>0-9514505-0-6</bdi>.]]</ref>Letamo leno gape e ne e le legae la Hunyani Rowing Club mme pele e ne e le lefelo le go neng go tshamekela mo go lone setlhopha sa St. Georges, Prince Edward, Arundel le ditlhopha tse dingwe tsa go kgweetsa ka mekoro. Ke yone fela letamo le legolo mo nokeng ya Mazowe. <ref>Matiza, T.; Crafter, S. A. (1994). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=YZuuXHVPXnIC&pg=PA69 Wetlands Ecology and Priorities for Conservation in Zimbabwe: Proceedings of a Seminar on Wetlands Ecology and Priorities for Conservation in Zimbabwe, Harare Kentucky Airport Hotel, 13-15 January, 1992]''. IUCN. p. 69. ISBN <bdi>978-2-8317-0202-5</bdi>.</ref> Letamo la konkoreite le ne la agiwa ke rakonteraka wa selegae wa kwa Boritane Pauling & Co. mme la tlhatlosiwa ka dimetara di le tharo ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bongwe (1961) ka go epa mo lefikeng la motheo le go tsenya dithene tse di gateletsweng mo konkoreiting. E bogodimo jwa dimetara di le masome a mararo le bosupa le boleele jwa dimetara di le lekgolo le masome a marataro le boraro , e na le ditsela tsa go tshologa metsi mo matlhakoreng oomabedi. <ref name=":0" />E kgona go tshola 35 million cubic metres ya metsi mme e na le bogolo jwa makgolo a mane le masome a mane le botlhano (445 hectares) fa e tletse. Leuba le le tsereng lobaka lo loleele mo masomeng a mabedi a ntlha a dingwaga a lekgolo la bo masome a mabedi le bongwe la dingwaga le dirile gore letamo leno le se ka la tlhola le nna le metsi, mme seno se ile sa senya thata temothuo ya mo lefelong leo. E ne e batlile e oma ka nako ya komelelo ya ko ngwageng wa sekete, le makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone go ya ko ngwageng wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone (1984-85) le gape ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borataro (1996), mme le morago ga komelelo ya bosheng jaana letamo le ne la sala le se na sepe.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/200411180407.html "Mazowe Dam Almost Dry"]. ''The Herald''. allafrica.com. 18 November 2004. Retrieved 29 March 2011</ref><ref>Downing, Thomas E. (2013). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Jh_0CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA476 ''Climate Change and World Food Security''.] Springer Science & Business Media. p. 476. ISBN <bdi>978-3-642-61086-8</bdi>.</ref> == Metswedi == rbekjtnvgsips37vws0dz1jk0rgjbgi 0 13784 51357 51233 2026-06-23T11:27:49Z JudithShe 9421 Ke golagantse tsebe e le tse dingwe, ke tsentse le setshwantsho #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51357 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Sanyati Basin OSM.svg|thumb|Noka ya Sebakwe kwa nokeng ya Sanyati]] '''Noka ya Sebakwe''' kgotsa '''Noka ya Zibagwe''' ke noka mo lefatsheng la [[Zimbabwe]]. Noka ya Sebakwe e mo porofenseng ya Midlands ya lefatshe la Zimbabwe. E boleele jwa lekgolo le masome a matlhano (150 kilometres (93 mi) mola o o tlhamaletseng go tswa kwa motsweding go ya kwa molomong,<ref>[http://zw.geoview.info/sebakwe_river,55372292w Sebakwe River] Retrieved 5 March 2016</ref> mme ke noka ya Munyati e e tsenang mo Zhombe East kwa 18°36′10′′S 29°37′08′′E. Noka ya Sebakwe e fologa go tswa kwa borwabophirima jwa Thaba ya Mtoro, bogodimo jwa 1580 metres (5,180 ft), bokone-botlhaba jwa Chivhu. E elela kwa borwabophirima, botlhaba jwa Chivhu le bophirima jwa The Range.<ref>Hartley Final Map GRID Ref: TQ9707 [http://www.rhodesia.me.uk/images/Hartley_final.jpg Hartley Final] Rhodesian Map Archive SHEETFALL - 1:250 000 SERIES Retrieved 13 March 2016</ref> == Se se diragetseng == Lebitso Sebakwe ke kgokoloho ya lebitso la Zibagwe le bolelang semela se seholo sa poone kapa cob. Mofuta o mongwe wa leina la lefelo le, o bolela gore le tswa mo leineng la "Chiwake le le kayang 'se se agilweng', le le buang ka legora le le agilweng ka nako ya Botsuolodi".<ref>[http://www.rhodesia.me.uk/ColourfulPlaceNamesofRhodesia.htm Retrieved 5 March 2016]</ref> Gone jaanong leina "Zibagwe" le setse le dirisiwa thata. Go na le tlhamane e e neng ya fetisiwa ka molomo e e bolelang kafa leina Zibagwe le simologileng ka teng. E bolela gore Zibagwe e leng leina la Se-ChiShona le le rayang " semela se segolo thata sa mmidi kgotsa sejalo sa mmidi" le ne la newa fa batho ba lefelo leo ba ne ba etela go tla go senka dilo tse di neng di le mo bothibelelong jo babatlisisi ba Bayuropa ba neng ba bo tlhomile dikgwedi di le dintsi. Babatlisisi bano ba ne ba sa tswa go tswa mo kampeng go ya kwa lefelong le le kwa bokone jwa Mashonaland. Batho ba lefelo leo ba ne ba fitlhela semela se segolo thata sa mmidi se se nang le dithoro tse dikgolo thata mo kampeng e e neng e tlogetswe. Le mororo ba ne ba tlile go batla letlotlo la sengwe le sengwe se basweu ba ka tswang ba se tlogetse, ga go na ope yo o neng a ama semela se se raelang sa mmidi ka gonne se ne se le fa thoko ga mosima wa kampa, o o neng o nontshiwa sentle ke motlhapo. Semela sa mmidi se se umakilweng fa godimo se ne se le teng ka lobaka lo loleele, mme ka gonne se ne se le mo lotshitshing lwa noka, ba ne ba bitsa noka eo ba re ke "kuZibagwe" mo go rayang "kwa semeleng sa mmidi se segolo thata". Le fa gone go sa tlhalosiwa semolao go akanngwa gore Setshimo sa Mmidi sa "Metsetsetsane" sa kwa Zibagwe se ile sa rotloetsa porojeke ya go lekeletsa matlwana a boithomelo a tikologo e e neng ya dirwa kwa [[Zimbabwe]] dingwaga di le mmalwa tse di fetileng. Porojeke ya dipatlisiso ya dingwaga di le tharo e e dirisang moroto o o tlhatswitsweng jaaka monontsha e ne ya dirwa kwa Epworth, Harare (ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boroabobedi (2008) go ya ko dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010)mme dipholo tsa teng di ne di le ntle thata. <ref>Peter Morgan 2011 page 6 [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1285 Trees as recyclers of nutrients present in human excreta] susana.org Retrieved 14 March 2016</ref>(Buka eno yotlhe e bontsha kafa go dirisa metsi a a tlhatswitsweng mo dimeleng go ka nnang le matswela a a molemo ka teng mo go goleng ga dimela.) == Noka e Nnye ya Sebakwe == [[Setshwantsho:2. Effect of urine treatement on maize growth (5621512601).jpg|thumb|Maduo a go alafa motlhapo mo go goleng ga mmidi. Mmidi o o fa o bidiwa Zibagwe]] Tsela e go alafiwa ga mmidi ka yone go amang tsela e mmidi o golang ka yone Setlhare se segolo se se mo lefelong leno se bidiwa Zibagwe. Noka e kgolo ya Sebakwe e elela mo [[Noka ya Munyati|Nokeng ya Munyati]]. Go na le Noka e nngwe ya Sebakwe e e itsegeng jaaka Noka e Nnye ya Sebakwe e e nang le boleele jwa 7.6 kilometres (4.7 mi) mme e le mo porofenseng ya Mashonaland East. Go farologana le Noka e kgolo ya Sebakwe, e elela go ya kwa botlhaba go tsena mo Nokeng ya Nyazvidzi, e e leng karolo ya Noka ya Save. Sebakwe e nnye e feta kwa bokone jwa thaba ya Dombo, bogodimo jwa 1,455 metres (4,774 ft), le kwa borwa jwa thaba ya Dowa, bogodimo jwa 1,386 metres (4,547 ft), mo tseleng ya yone e e yang kwa Nokeng ya Nyazvidzi. E kopana le Noka ya Nyazvidzi borwabotlhaba jwa Sekolo sa St Kizito mo go se se neng se itsege jaaka Eastdale Tribal Trust Land.<ref>Map Grid Ref: TP9463 [http://www.rhodesia.me.uk/images/Selukwe_final.jpg Selukwe_final.jpg Rhodesian Maps Archive] SHEETFALL - 1:250 000 SERIES Retrieved 13 March 2016</ref> == Ditirelo tsa bogologolo == Noka ya Sebakwe e na le hisitori e e kgatlhang. Go lebega Kwekwe, e e neng e kwalwa Que Que e ne e bidiwa Sebakwe pele ga leina la Que Que le tsewa.<ref>Eric Rosenthal Chapter XIX. pp49 Part Two -[https://web.archive.org/web/20151207055412/http://www.zjc.org.il/images/RHODESIAN%20JEWRY%20AND%20ITS%20STORY%20-%20Part%20Two.pdf Zimbabwe Jewish Community] Archived 7 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine But poor Michael’s troubles were by no means over, for he fell into arrears with an advance made to him through the Benevolent Society. A letter was sent off on 25 August 1903, to the Globe and Phoenix Gold Mining Company at Sebakwe (now known as Que Que), reminding him: "There are three payments of C5 overdue, as per your arrangement to pay off your indebtedness. trust, therefore, that you will not fail to send me your cheque for C15…"] Eric Rosenthal Part II]Zimbabwe Jewish Community Retrieved 13 March 2016</ref> Mo ngwagakgolong wa lesome le borataro, mmatlisisi wa Sepotokisi, Fernandes, o ne a thibelela mo dintshing tsa Noka ya Sebakwe e e neng e se kgakala le Kwekwe.<ref>[http://www.oncecalledhome.com/2012/02/fishermans-paradise/ Fisherman’s Paradise] At the beginning of the sixteenth century, when Monomotapa ruled, the first European explorer, a Portuguese, Fernandes, camped on the banks of the Sebakwe not five miles from Que Que. Once Called Home Retrieved 13 March 2016</ref> Kgosi Lobengula o ne a tshwaya mafika a a mo Nokeng ya Sebakwe jaaka a gagwe ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe(1890)<ref>[http://www.geni.com/projects/Pioneers-of-Rhodesia-Individuals/14703 Pioneers of Rhodesia - Individuals] DAWSON, James. At Bulawayo on 3 May 1886, he witnessed the document confirming Loben's grant in the Tati area to the Northern Light Gold Mining Company. DAWSON was in Matabeleland during May 1885 and March 1886, and in late July 1888. On 18 September 1890 Lobengula gave DAWSON a letter authorizing him to peg claims (for Iohe,) in Mashonaland on the Umfuli and Zimbo rivers. DAWSON went to Salisbury to protest to the authorities that settlers had claimed his reefs. H. J.BORROW accompanied him to the area of the Sebakwe and Bembesi rivers to mark alternate claims for the King. geni.com Retrieved 10 March 2016</ref> Naga e Noka ya Sebakwe e neng e ralala mo go yone e ne e bidiwa Kgaolo ya Sebakwe. Khamphani e e neng ya tlhabolola moepo wa Gaika kwa Que Que e ne e na le dikopo tsa gauta di le makgolo a mae le masome a mararo le osupa mo sedikeng sa Sebakwe mme metsi otlhe a a neng a dirisiwa a ne a tswa kwa Nokeng ya Sebakwe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160314185457/http://www.oncecalledhome.com/2012/08/down-in-the-dumps-2/ Down in the Dumps] Archived 14 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine The Chicago Gaika Development Co. was launched in 1897 and issued 200,000 shares of one pound each. The shares were fully subscribed. It acquired 437 gold claims in the Sebakwe district. Once Called Home Retrieved 10 March 2016</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete , masome a robabongwe le lesome le bone (1914) (direkoto dingwe di bolela gore e ne e le ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robaboedi (1880) Fred Selous o ne a thuntsha a bo a bolaya tshukudu e tshweu mo nokeng eno mme lerapo la yone la tlhogo le ne la bolokiwa. E kwa Musiamong wa Boritane. Leina la setshwantsho ke "Sebakwe ngwaga wa sekete , masome a robabongwe le lesome le bone(1914)"<ref>[http://www.rhinoresourcecenter.com/images/Sebakwe-1914_i1178632407.php Skull of white rhinoceros shot by Fred Selous on the Sebakwe River in Zimbabwe.] From Selous et al., The big game of Africa and Europe, 1914, pl.2. Rhino Resource Center Imagrs Retrieved 5 March 2016</ref> Sebakwe ka ngwaga wa sekete , masome a robabongwe le lesome le bone(1914)_Legata la tshukudu e tshweu le le thuntshitsweng ke Fred Selous mo Nokeng ya Sebakwe kwa Zimbabwe Fredrick Selous o batlile a bolawa ke nkwe mo Nokeng ya Sebakwe.<ref>John Guille Millais 2013 page 208 [http://192.34.63.172/docs/life%20of%20frederick%20courteney%20selous%20dso%20capt%2025th%20royal%20fusiliers.pdf At the Sebakwe river] he fired at what he thought was a jackal, but on arriving near the animal, which he expected to find dead, as he had heard the bullet strike, he was suddenly charged by a leopard. The angry beast passed right under his stirrup-iron, and after going thirty yards stopped and sat on its haunches. Another shot at once killed it. Life of Fredrick Courtney Selous, DSO Capt 25th Royal Fusiliers. Originally Published 1919 Retrieved 13 March 2016</ref> Noka ya Sebakwe e ne e le molelwane magareng ga Mashonaland le Matabeleland fa Rhodesia Borwa e ne e santse e le naga ya diporofense tse pedi. Gape e ne e le tsela ya go tsamaya go tswa kwa botlhaba go ya kwa Salisbury-Bulawayo Road e e neng e le kwa bophirima jwa Enkeldoorn le Fort Charter. Noka ya Sebakwe le yone e ne e na le mafelo a go kgabaganya ntle le marogo mme e na le mokoro, o o neng o kgabaganngwa ke leotwana le le neng le tsamaya go bapa le thapo jaaka koloi e e fofang.<ref>[http://www.forgottenbooks.com/readbook_text/Rhodesia_-_and_After_1000435054/135 p.114-5. Rhodesia - and After: Being the Story of the 17th and 18th Battalions of Imperial Yeomanry] Two days later, crossing the Sebakwe River, we passed from the land of the Mashonas into Matabeleland. Though near the end of the dry season the whole of our route was well watered, and even in the smallest river beds lay pools at varying distances apart at which a plenteous supply of water could be obtained. In the rains the larger ones are rushing floods, and are crossed by a box or cradle drawn from bank to bank along a taut wire cable hanging in mid-air. Sometimes " as on the Sebakwe " a ferryboat, drawn across by a wheel which travelled along the cable, was substituted for the aerial car. We were now upon the Salisbury-Buluwayo road, and were passed every other day by the Zeederberg coaches, which at present is the only method of passenger transport between the two capitals. forgottenbooks.com Retrieved 10 March 2016</ref> Baagi ba le bantsi ba bogologolo ba ne ba fitlhela lefatshe le le gaufi le Noka ya Sebakwe le sa kgone go emelana le lone.<ref>Pombiyadonha http://pombiyadonha.byo24.com/index-id-iblog-iblog-509.html A large group of the white settlers established farms along the Umnyati River and the Sebakwe River in Chief Mashava’s territory. Others had farms around Fort Charter in Chief Maromo’s territory. By 1895, chiefs Maromo, Mashava and Nyika’s territories were completely occupied by the Afrikaner farmers in a land area of about four hundred and fifty thousand acres. Chief Mutekedza’s territory, byo24.com|Retrieved 13 March 2016</ref> Noka ya Sebakwe ga e bolo go nna motswedi wa metsi a a nowang le a go nosetsa. E bile e na le di-weir go tswa mo ngwagakgolong wa bo lesome le boferabongwe tse dingwe di tlhamilwe ke di-wagon bridges.<ref>I[http://zimfieldguide.com/midlands/orton%E2%80%99s-drift-over-sebakwe-river nfo http://zimfieldguide.com/midlands/orton’s-drift-over-sebakwe-river] The waggon outspan is 120 metres south of the house with Orton’s Drift which crosses the Sebakwe River on an artificially constructed stone ford which dams the Sebakwe River to its east. -19°09′10.80″S 30°39′01.64″E Zimfieldguide.com Retrieved 13 March 2016</ref> Noka ya Sebakwe e sa le e ntse e le yone e e thusang Kwekwe go tshela go tloga fela kwa tshimologong. Que Que e ne ya gola go tswa mo ditoropong tsa meepo tsa meepo ya Gaika le Globe le Phoenix. Metsi a a nowang a meepo ya Gaika le G le P a ne a romelwa go tswa kwa Nokeng ya Sebakwe ka dikolotsana tsa dikgomo go fitlha fa moepo wa G le P o ne wa fiwa tshwanelo ya go tsamaisa metsi ka diphaepe go tswa kwa nokeng e e neng e le bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le 8,45 ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le borobabobed (1898).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160314185457/http://www.oncecalledhome.com/2012/08/down-in-the-dumps-2/ Archived 14 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Drinking water was hauled from the Sebakwe River by ox wagon but after a legal wrangle in 1898 the G and P obtained permission to pump water via a five and a quarter mile pipeline from the Sebakwe River. However during the drought of 1904 Gaika employees walked to the G and P with four gallon paraffin tins to get their water. Once Called Home Retrieved 10 March 2016</ref> Noka ya Sebakwe gape e ne e dira jaaka molelwane o o kwa bokone wa Kutanga Bombing Range mo kgaolong ya temothuo ya Rosedale. Sebaka sena se ne se sebediswa ke difofane tsa ntwa ho tswa Thornhill Air Base e ntseng e sebetsa. Kutanga Bombing Range e kwa borwa jwa toropo ya Midlands e e bidiwang Que Que mo kgaolong e e itsegeng jaaka Bemberzaan/ Sebakwe (e e reeletsweng ka dinoka tse pedi mo kgaolong eo) e e leng setšhaba sa balemirui se se bidiwang Rosedale. Seno se ne se dira gore thaba eno e nne dikilometara di ka nna masome a robabobedi kwa bokone jwa Thornhill. == Ditirelo tse di tswelelang == Noka ya Sebakwe e tlamela Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Munyati ka metsi a dikotlolo ka mosele o o boleele jwa 23 kilometres<ref>ZPC [https://web.archive.org/web/20180203064314/http://www.zpc.co.zw/powerstations/5/munyati-power-station Munyati Power Station] - Zimbabwe Power Company |The boilers are designed to burn "washed peas" coal. Water is drawn from two sources: the Sebakwe River through a {23-kilometre long canal and the Munyati Weir through a 3-kilometre pipeline. Zimbabwe Power Corporation Power Stations Retrieved 10 2016</ref> [[Letamo la Sebakwe]] la 266-megalitre (9.4×106 cu ft) le kgabaganya Noka ya Sebakwe, mme le tlamela Kwekwe, Sebakwe Recreational Park le Redcliff ka metsi.<ref>BLESSED MHLANGA 23 January 2014 [http://www.southerneye.co.zw/2014/01/23/kwekwe-runs-dry-debt/ Kwekwe runs dry over debt] KWEKWE and Redcliff went for a second day without water yesterday after the Zimbabwe National Water Authority (Zinwa) closed water valves from Sebakwe Dam following a standoff over an $800 000 debt. Southern Eye News Retrieved 12 March 2016</ref><ref>Tinomuda Chakanyuka 17 January 2016 [http://www.sundaynews.co.zw/cities-dam-levels-critical-7-month-water-supply-left/ Cities dam levels critical…7-month water supply left] Sebakwe and Lower Zibagwe which supply Kwekwe and Redcliff are still 65,3 percent full. Sunday News|Top Stories Retrieved 12 March 2016</ref> Sebakwe Recreational Park le Sebakwe Black Rhino Trust Conservancy di sireletsa diphologolo tsa naga.<ref>Guide [http://zimfieldguide.com/midlands/sebakwe-recreational-park%7CSebakwe Recreational Park] Zimbabwe Field Guide|Retrieved 13 March 2016</ref>Noka e boetse e emiseditswe ka letamo la Dutchman's Pool, hape le Nokaneng wa Sebakwe le mohlodi wa metsi a tlatsetsang bakeng sa Kwekwe.<ref>Webworld [http://webworld.unesco.org/water/ihp/db/shiklomanov/part'4/AFRICA/Zimbabwe/1zw%60se~1.htm Sebakwe at Dutchman'S Pool Dam] unesco.org Water Retrieved 13 March 2016</ref> == Metswedi == h8pq1lr2xhlverkeluhxmnl72oc4d1i 0 13804 51329 51195 2026-06-23T08:31:34Z JudithShe 9421 Ke tsentse infobox mo tsebeng e #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Save|image_name=Bridge over Savi River.JPG|image_map=Save Basin OSM.svg|map_caption=Kgampu ya noka ya Save|basin_countries=[[Zimbabwe]] [[Mozambique]]|origin=borwa jwa Harare, [[Zimbabwe]]|elevation_m=1,470|mouth=Lewatle la Indian|mouth_elevation_m=0|length_km=640|left_tribs=Macheke [[Noka ya Odzi]]|right_tribs=Devuli, Tugwe, [[Noka ya Runde]]}} '''Noka ya Save''', kgotsa Noka ya Sabi (Portuguese) ke noka ya makgolo a marataro le masome a mane (640 km (400 mi) ya borwabotlhaba jwa Afrika, e e elelang go ralala lefatshe la [[Zimbabwe]] le lefatshe la [[Mozambique]].<ref name=":0">[http://www.britannica.com/place/Sabi-River Sabi River]</ref><ref name=":1">Massuanganhe, Elídio A.; Macamo, Celia; Westerberg, Lars-Ove; Salomão, Bandeira; Mavume, Alberto; Ribeiro, Eunice (2015). "Deltaic coasts under climate-related catastrophic events – Insights from the Save River delta, Mozambique". ''Ocean & Coastal Management''. '''116'''. Elsevier: 331–340. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.08.008|10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2015.08.008.]]</ref>Noka e simologa kwa lefatsheng la [[Zimbabwe]], dikilometara di le masome a robaboedi kwa borwa jwa Harare, e elela go ya kwa borwa le kwa botlhaba, go tswa kwa Zimbabwean highveld go fitlha kwa e kopanelang teng le Noka ya Odzi. Go tswa foo e retologela kwa borwa, e wela kwa godimo ga diphororo tsa Chivirira ("Lefelo la go Boela") mme e elela go ela kwa ntlheng ya bophirima jwa Eastern Highlands ya lefatshe la Zimbabwe, e dira mokgatšha o o omileng wa noka mo moriting wa pula wa dithaba tseno. E kopanngwa le Noka ya Runde kana Lundi kwa molelwaneng wa lefatshe la [[Mozambique]], e dira motswedi o mogolo kwa Mahenya. Go tswa foo e kgabaganya lefatshe la [[Mozambique]] e bo e elela mo Lewatleng la India mo e ka nnang ka 21°S. Noka ya Save e ne e nosetsa masimo a sukiri, mme gone jaanong e thusa mo go lemeng ditatlele, katune, reise le korong. Gape ke motswedi wa go tshwara ditlhapi tse dinnye mo baaging ba selegae. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> E kgaoganya lefatshe la Mozambique ka tsamaiso, sepolotiki, morafe le tikologo: * Ka nako ya bokoloniale, diyuniti tsa tsamaiso tsa kgaolo e e kwa borwa jwa Save di ne tsa fetoga fa nako e ntse e tsamaya, mme tse di neng di le teng nako e telele e ne e le dikgaolo tsa Gaza le Inhambane; ga jaana, Save e kgaoganya metsana ya Gaza le Inhambane go ya borwa, go tswa go tsa Manica le Sofala go ya bokone: * Mo go tsa sepolotiki, "kwa borwa jwa Save" go ka tsewa e le lefelo le le nonofileng la Frelimo, fa kgaolo e e kwa bokone e le yone e e tshegetsang Renamo thata; * Save e kgaoganya ditlhopha tsa merafe tse di buang puo ya Se-Shangane (kgotsa Se-Tsonga), kwa borwa, go tswa go tse di buang dipuo tsa setlhopha sa Se-Shona kwa bokone; * Go ya ka ikholoji, fa Noka ya Save e elela mo Lewatleng la India, molomo wa yone o tsamaelana le go kgaoganngwa ga ditikologo tsa lewatle tsa boboatsatsi, go ya kwa bokone, go tswa kwa ditikologong tsa boboatsatsi; ditikologo tsa lefatshe di bontsha pharologano e nnye go bapa le dipoa tsa lotshitshi kwa bokone le borwa jwa noka, mme mo teng ga naga koo Dithaba tsa Chimanimani di simololang teng, sekgwa sa dithaba se a gola, se se farologaneng gotlhelele le dikgwa tse di fitlhelwang kwa borwa. Delta ya Noka ya Save e akaretsa dikgwa tsa mangrove tse di akaretsang dikilometara di le lekgolo mo lotshitshing lwa Lewatle la India. Baagi ba metse ya delta ba dirisa dikgwa tsa di-mangrove go rema dikgong le go tshwara ditlhapi tse dinnye. Tikologo ya noka e e kwa tlase ya Save River e amilwe ke dikgwanyape, merwalela, kgogolego, merwalela ya kwa lotshitshing le ditsunami.<ref name=":1" /> Go ya ka ditso e ne e le tsela ya go rwala gauta le dithoto tsa kgwebo magareng ga lobopo le naga e e kwa morago e e neng e le ya tlhabologo ya Great Zimbabwe mo ngwagakgolong wa bo lesome le boraro le wa bo lesome le bone morago ga Keresete. == Metswedi == six2qbfb3w13k6o7qmc80uds6je0f9l 0 13810 51350 51201 2026-06-23T10:34:06Z JudithShe 9421 Ke golagantse tsebe e le tse dingwe, ke tsentse le setshwantsho #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51350 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Save Basin OSM.svg|thumb|Kgampu ya [[Noka ya Save]] e na le Runde (kwa molemeng kwa tlase)]] '''Noka ya Runde''' (e e kileng ya bo e bidiwa Noka ya Lundi) ke noka e e kwa borwabotlhaba jwa lefatshe la [[Zimbabwe]]. Ke nngwe ya dinoka tse di tsenang mo [[Noka ya Save|Nokeng ya Save]]. Dinoka tse di kgolo tsa Runde di akaretsa [[Noka ya Ngezi]], [[Noka ya Tokwe]], [[Noka ya Mutirikwe]] le [[Noka ya Chiredzi]].<ref name=":0">Matiza, T.; Crafter, S. A., eds. (1994). "Wetlands in Zimbabwe: an overview". ''Wetlands ecology and priorities for conservation in Zimbabwe: proceedings of a seminar on wetlands ecology and priorities for conservation in Zimbabwe''. IUCN. pp. 1–20. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-0202-5|<bdi>978-2-8317-0202-5</bdi>.]]</ref> == Dikarolo tsa yone le lefelo la yone == Noka e e kwa tlase ya Runde ke noka ya motlhaba ya nakwana, e e nang le matamo a a nnelang ruri a a bopegang ka paka ya komelelo. <ref>Barson, Maxwell; Rodney Bray; Frans Ollevier; Tine Huyse (2008). "Taxonomy and faunistics of the Helminth parasites of ''Clarias gariepinus'' (Burchell, 1822), and ''Oreochromis mossambicus'' (Peters, 1852) from temporary pans and pools in the Save-Runde River Floodplain, Zimbabwe". ''Comparative Parasitology''. '''75''': 228–240. doi:[[doi:10.1654/4337.1|10.1654/4337.1.]]</ref>Ka kakaretso noka e na le selekanyo se se kwa tlase sa kgotlelo.<ref>Tafangenyasha, Clifford; Lawrence T. Dube (2008). "An Investigation of the Impacts of Agricultural Runoff on the Water Quality and Aquatic Organisms in a Lowveld Sand River System in Southeast Zimbabwe". ''Water Resources Management''. '''22''': 119–130. doi:[[doi:10.1007/s11269-006-9147-7|10.1007/s11269-006-9147-]]7.</ref>Lefelo le le tletseng ka merwalela fa le kopanang le Noka ya Save ke lefelo le le botlhokwa la metsi.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == 3padzw4eux9kjzn8v6oy66q92fza3oi 0 13817 51342 51209 2026-06-23T09:26:44Z JudithShe 9421 Ke tsentse infobox mo tsebeng e, le go e golaganya le ditsebe tse dingwe #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Bubye|river_name=Noka ya Bubi|image_name=Bubye River.jpg|caption=Noka ya Bubye go tswa kwa A1 Zimbabwe|basin_countries=[[Zimbabwe]]|mouth=[[Noka ya Limpopo]]}} '''Noka ya Bubye''', e e itsiweng gape jaaka '''Noka ya Bubi''', ke noka e e tsenang mo [[Noka ya Limpopo|nokeng ya Limpopo]] mo Kgaolong ya Beitbridge le Kgaolo ya Gwanda, kwa lefatsheng la [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe.]] E tlhatloga dikilometara di le masome a mane (40 (25 mi) kwa bokone botlhaba jwa West Nicholson kwa Matabeleland South, go tswa foo e elela kwa borwabotlhaba pele e kopana le Limpopo dikilometara di le masome a mabedi le botlhano kwa bophirima jwa molelwane le [[Mozambique]]. Tsela ya yone e bopa karolo ya molelwane magareng ga dikgaolo tsa Mberengwa le Mwenezi.<ref>''Historical Dictionary of Zimbabwe''. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, Inc. 2001. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-8108-3471-5|<bdi>0-8108-3471-5</bdi>.]]</ref> Tigerfish e fitlhelwa ka tlholego mo nokeng eno.<ref>[http://www.herald.co.zw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=25507%3Atiger-fishing-karibas-greatest-fame&catid=57%3Aisdore&Itemid=159 "Tiger Fishing: Kariba's greatest fame".] Archived from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 18 March 2012</ref> == Matamo == Go ne go sena matamo a magolo mo nokeng <ref>Chibi, T.; Kandori, C. & Makone, B.F. (2005). ''Mzingwane Catchment Outline Plan''. Bulawayo: Zimbabwe National Water Authority [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubye_River#cite_note-4]</ref>eno go fitlha fa letamo la Bubi-Lupane le ne le agiwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedil le lesome (2010) go tlamela kgaolo ya Lupane ka metsi.<ref>[http://www.newsday.co.zw/article/2010-09-28-work-on-bubilupane-dam-resumes "Work on Bubi-Lupane Dam resumes".] ''NewsDay''. Zimbabwe. 28 September 2010. Archived from the original on 19 May 2024. Retrieved 14 November 2016.</ref> == Metswedi == a7jqpw0bc0ynnfhju0e8nkcszoovmc0 0 13821 51330 51213 2026-06-23T08:37:08Z JudithShe 9421 Ke tsentse infobox mo tsebeng e, le go e golaganya le ditsebe tse dingwe #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51330 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Thuli River.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Thuli]]{{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Thuli|image_name=Thuli River.jpg|caption=Noka ya Thuli e elelela kwa ntle ga mokgatsha wa Thuli kwa borwa jwa Gwanda kwa Zimbabwe|basin_countries=[[Zimbabwe]]|mouth=[[Noka ya Shashe]]}} '''Noka ya Thuli,''' e pele e neng e bidiwa '''Noka ya Tuli''', ke nngwe ya dinoka tse dikgolo tse di tsenang mo [[Noka ya Shashe|Nokeng ya Shashe]] kwa lefatsheng la [[Zimbabwe]]. E tlhoga gaufi le Matopo Mission, Matobo District, mme e elela mo Nokeng ya Shashe gaufi le motse wa Tuli. == Thekenoloji ya metsi == Thuli ke noka ya nakwana, e e nang le go fokotsega ga metsi a a elelang ngwaga le ngwaga.<ref>Love, D., Uhlenbrook, S., Madamombe, E., Twomlow, S. and van der Zaag, P. 2006. An evaluation of climate and run-off variability and associated livelihood risks in the Mzingwane Catchment, Limpopo Basin, Zimbabwe. Water Institute of Southern Africa Biennial Conference and Exhibition, Durban, South Africa, May 2006.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuli_River#cite_note-2]</ref> Dinoka tsa yone tse dikgolo di akaretsa [[Noka ya Mtshabezi|Mtshabezi]], [[Noka ya Mtshelele|Mtshelele]], noka ya Sengezane le dinoka tsa [[Noka ya Mwewe|Mwewe]]. Ka fa tlase ga [[letamo la Thuli-Makwe]], Thuli ke mosele o o tletseng motlhaba, o o nang le metsi a a kwa tlase mo nokeng.<ref>Görgens, A.H.M. and Boroto, R.A. 1997. Limpopo River: flow balance anomalies, surprises and implications for integrated water resources management. In: Proceedings of the 8th South African National Hydrology Symposium, Pretoria, South Africa.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuli_River#cite_note-3]</ref> == Ditoropo == Noka ya Thuli ga e fete mo metseng e megolo, mme e feta fela mo mafelong a a latelang a kgwebo: * Freda Mine * [[Guyu]] * [[Manama]] * Chelesa, Zimbabwe [Sengezane] == Marogo le dikgogedi == Go na le marogo a le matlhano a magolo mo nokeng ya Mzingwane: * Borogo jo bo mo Old Gwanda Road, magareng ga Matombo Mission le Blanket Mine. * Borogo jo bo mo tseleng ya Gwanda - Kezi, kwa tlase ga Thuli-Makwe Dam. * Elliot Bridge, e e kwa godimo ga Guyu. * Borogo jo bo mo tseleng ya Manama - Kafusi. * Borogo jwa Mankonkoni mo tseleng ya Tuli - Kafusi. Borogo jono bo ne jwa senngwa ke Kgwanyape ya Eline. Gape go na le mafelo a le mmalwa a go kgabaganya noka le go kgabaganya noka, go akaretsa: * Ntalale causeway, e e neng ya senngwa thata ke Kgwanyape ya Eline. * Tsela e e kafa tlase ga Thuli Gorge == Tlhabololo == Letamo la Thuli-Makwe. Mo godimo ga matamo a mannye, go na le letamo le le lengwe le legolo mo Nokeng ya Thuli: * Thuli - Makwe Dam, kwa bophirima jwa Gwanda. E gaufi le fa noka ya Mtshelele e kopanelang teng mme e tlamela ka metsi a go nosetsa. Noka ya Mtshabezi (noka e kgolo e e kafa letlhakoreng la molema) e na le letamo kwa Mtshabezi, Sheet le Blanket. Letamo la Mtshabezi le tla oketsa metsi a a tla tlamelwang mo Toropong ya Bulawayo, fa go sena go wediwa go tlhoma pipeline e e tla golaganang le lone. Matamo a Sheet le a Blanket a tlamela metsi a Toropo ya Gwanda le a Meepo ya Blanket le ya Vubachikwe. Mafelo a mangwe a mabedi a megorogoro a ile a tlhophiwa go ela kwa tlase ga noka: * Thuli- Moswa, koo go senang tlhabololo epe. * Thuli- Manyange, e e kwa godimo ga Elliot Bridge, kwa go neng ga simololwa go agiwa ka 2007 mme ga jaana e emisitswe.<ref>Chibi, T., Kandori, C. and Makone, B.F. 2005. Mzingwane Catchment Outline Plan. Zimbabwe National Water Authority, Bulawayo.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuli_River#cite_ref-Chibi_1-1]</ref> == Metswedi == 1qgolu66kld61o1kj38d8ygcm51cdke 0 13858 51270 2026-06-22T12:03:12Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Akwa Ibo #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Kwa Ibo|image_map=Nigeria relief location map.jpg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka|basin_countries=[[Nigeria]]|location=Kgaolo ya Abia}} '''Noka ya Kwa Ibo''' (e gape e itsegeng ka leina la '''noka ya Quaibo''') ke noka e e tlhatlogang gaufi le Umuahia kwa kgaolong ya Abia, kwa [[Nigeria]],<ref>[https://ng.geoview.info/kwa_ibo_river,501248510n "Kwa Ibo River, Nigeria".] ''ng.geoview.info''. Retrieved 2026-06-22.</ref> e elela kwa borwa-botlhaba e raletse kgaolo ya Akwa Ibom go ya kwa lewatleng la Atlantic.<ref>[https://ng.geoview.info/kwa_ibo_river,501248510n "KWA IBO NIGERIAN RIVERS INDEX A TO Z OCEAN PLASTIC TOP POLLUTERS"]. ''www.oceansplasticleanup.com''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref><ref>[https://dailytrust.com/nigerian-rivers-among-top-20-polluting-rivers/ "Nigerian rivers among top 20 polluting rivers - Daily Trust".] ''Daily Trust''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110913175824/http://www.anchorageworld.com/content/kwa-ibo-river "KWA IBO RIVER"]. ''Marine World Database''. Archived from the original on 2011-09-13. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref>Kwa morago ga noka ya Kwa Ibo dikhilomithara di le tharo go tswa kwa molomong wa noka, ke mengwe ya metse e e metona mo go tsa go tshwara ditlhapi kwa lotshitshing lwa Nigeria.<ref>"DESCRIPTION OF FISHERIES"[http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/R9004E/R9004E04.htm , ''Marine fishery resources of Nigeria: A review of exploited fish stocks'']''...'', Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, retrieved 2026-06-22</ref><ref>[https://fishbrain.com/fishing-waters/pMdk2ZgT/river-kwa-ibo "Fishing reports, best baits and forecast for fishing in River Kwa Ibo".] ''Fishbrain''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> Noka ya Kwa Ibo e ntsha di tonne di le dikete di le masome a robabongwe le bobedi, makgolo a robabongwe jwa dipolaseteke, fa palo e e kwa godimo e le di tonne di le dikete di le masome mabedi, makgolo a robabobedi. == Kgotlhelesego == Noka ya Kwa Ibo go ya ka River Plastic Emissions ke nngwe ya tse di amsome mabedi tse di kgotlhelang thata di emela 67% ya go tsena ga polaseteke mo lewatleng.<ref>[https://fishbrain.com/fishing-waters/pMdk2ZgT/river-kwa-ibo "Nigerian rivers among top 20 polluting rivers - Daily Trust".] ''Daily Trust''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> == Metswedi == 83mjcnqw4kqcnhgqpd0ijj37ilxtcdt 0 13859 51271 2026-06-22T12:11:08Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Akwayafe #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51271 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Cameroon Nigeria border coast.jpg|thumb]] '''Noka ya Akwafaye''' (e e itsegeng gape ka leina la '''noka ya Akpakorum''') ke noka kwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] e e tshelang kwa [[Gulf of Guinea]].<ref>[https://www.getamap.net/maps/cameroon/cameroon_(general)/_akwayaferiver/ "Akwayafe River (Akwayaferiver) - Map, Weather and Photos - Cameroon: stream - Lat:4.68333 and Long:8.51667".] ''www.getamap.net''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> Noka e dira bontlha jwa molelwane<ref>[https://sovereignlimits.com/boundaries/cameroon-nigeria-maritime "Cameroon–Nigeria Maritime Boundary".] ''Sovereign Limits''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> gareng ga [[Cameroon]] le [[Nigeria]].<ref>[https://www.yr.no/en/forecast/daily-table/2-2235752/Cameroon/Akwayafe%20River "Long term weather forecast for Akwayafe River".] ''Yr''. 2023-07-10. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> == Seemo sa loapi == Noka ya Akwafaye ke molatswana kwa [[Cameroon]] kwa legare botlhaba jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]]. Dipalo tsa lefelo ke 4 degrees kwa bokone le borobabobedi kwa botlhaba ka DMS.<ref>[https://www.getamap.net/maps/cameroon/cameroon_(general)/_akwayaferiver/ "Akwayafe River (Akwayaferiver) - Map, Weather and Photos - Cameroon: stream - Lat:4.68333 and Long:8.51667".] ''www.getamap.net''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> == Metswedi == rjavi8zp4em7pucty4vj245cijns5t4 0 13860 51272 2026-06-22T12:14:38Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Oli #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51272 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:River Niger Tributaries from Benin OSM.png|thumb|Bokone jwa [[Benin]], noka ya Oli e le kwa borwa-botlhaba <ref>[https://www.getamap.net/maps/nigeria/nigeria_(general)/_oli_river/ "River Oli (Oli River) Map, Weather and Photos - Nigeria: stream - Lat:9.76667 and Long:4.63333".] ''www.getamap.net''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref>]] '''Noka ya Oli''' ke noka e e kwa [[Nigeria]] le [[Benin]], e tshela kwa [[Noka ya Niger|nokeng ya Niger.]]<ref>Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993.</ref> == Metswedi == svsnc91xk3glsahhur7d6cjtgaedkme 0 13861 51274 2026-06-22T12:47:13Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse stebe ya Noka ya Donga #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51274 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:NW Cameroon.svg|thumb|Kgaolo e e kwa bokone-bophirima jwa Cameroon. Noka ya Donga e kwa bokone.]] '''Noka ya Donga''' ke noka e e kwa [[Nigeria]] le [[Cameroon]]. Noka e, e e tlhagang kwa Mambilla Plateau kwa botlhaba jwa [[Nigeria]], e dira bontlha jwa molelwane wa mafatshefatshe gareng ga Nigeria le [[Cameroon]], e elelela kwa bokone-bophirima go kopana le noka ya Benue kwa [[Nigeria]].<ref>[https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/474355773253291120/ "The Donga River is a river in Nigeria and Cameroon. The river arises from the Mambilla Plateau in Eastern Nigeria, forms part of the international border betwee…".]</ref> Lefelo la noka ya Donga le dikhilomithara di le dikete di le masome mabedi ka bophara. Kwa e tshelang teng, gaufi le noka ya Benue noka e tshela metsi a dimithara di le sekete, makgolo a robabobedi ka sephatlo sa motsotso.<ref>Inger Andersen; Ousmane Dione; Martha Jarosewich-Holder; Jean-Claude Olivry (2005). [http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWAT/Resources/4602114-1206643460526/Niger_River_Basin_Vision_Sustainable_Management.pdf "The Niger River Basin: A Vision for Sustainable Management"] (PDF). [[:en:World_Bank|World Bank.]] Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Donga River at Abong Nigeria.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Donga, kwa Abong, Nigeria ka Morule 1990]] Kwa kgaolong ya Taraba, kwa Nigeria, go na le dikgwa tse di sireleditsweng di le tharo, Baissa, Amboi le noka ya Bissaula, kwa kgampung ya noka ya Donga. Di mo mekgokoloseng kwa tlase ga Mambilla Plateau, kwa borwa-bophirima jwa Gashaka Gumti National Park.<ref>[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6747 "Donga river basin forests".] [[:en:BirdLife_International|BirdLife International.]] Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> == Kgotlhelesego == Dipatlisiso di supa fa di bolaya diji e ne e le tsone dikgotlheledi tse ditona kwa nokeng ya Donga.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358411829 "Determination of Organic Pollutants In Water Samples From River Donga, Taraba State, Nigeria".]</ref><ref>Eyiseh, Tukura Echuano. [https://www.fisheriesjournal.com/archives/2022/vol10issue5/PartA/10-4-40-859.pdf "Determination of heavy metals concentration in water and sediment of river donga, Taraba state"] (PDF). ''International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies''. '''10''' (5): 12 – via fisheriesjournal.</ref> == Seemo sa loapi == Bothitho jwa ngwaga le ngwaga bo ka nna masome a mararo leboraro mme go nna le serame se sentsi ka Firikgong le pula e ntsi ka Phatwe. Seelo sa pula ke 40.35% ka bongola jwa 54.98&. Go nna go le bothitho thata ka Mopitlo ka mogote wa 40.44, le phefo ya dikhilomithara di robabobedi ka oura.<ref>[https://weatherspark.com/y/65573/Average-Weather-in-Donga-Nigeria-Year-Round "Donga Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark".] ''weatherspark.com''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> == Metswedi == 4klf66h3je0z0zvqx8ea7zh1kgivfuj 0 13862 51275 2026-06-22T12:55:29Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Wase #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Wase|image_name=Wase River.jpg|caption=Noka ya Wase kwa Nigeria|river_name=Bululluga (ka teme ya Hausa)|basin_countries=[[Nigeria]]|mouth=[[Noka ya Benue]]|origin=Gumshar kwa Wase, Nigeria|location=Kanam, Nigeria|length_km=132|left_tribs=[[Noka ya Benue]]}} '''Noka ya Wase''' ke noka e e kwa Wase LGA, kwa kgaolong ya Plateau kwa [[Nigeria]].<ref>[https://ng.geoview.info/wase_river,501267984n "Wase River, Nigeria"]. ''ng.geoview.info''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> E amana le noka ya benue kwa Dampar kwa Ibi Local Government.<ref>[https://earth.google.com/web/@9.21190768,9.90350961,262.72075763a,31580.80154879d,35y,0h,0t,0r/data=ChQaEgoKL20vMDI2bDRucRgBIAEoAg "Wase River".] ''Google Earth''. 26 March 2019. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> Mmidi, yam le di mango le merogo e mengwe e lemilwe mo lotshitshing lwa yone. == Metswedi == p4wz00qgynxn3bpoh4ikbvesngnv7zq 0 13863 51276 2026-06-22T13:01:05Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Chamo 51276 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Chamo 01.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Chamo]] '''Letsha la Chamo''' (Amharic) ke letsha le le mo kgaolong ya South [[Ethiopia]] Regional State kwa borwa jwa Ethiopia. E kwa bogodimong jwa dimetara di le 1.110 mo kgaolong e e bidiwang [[Main Ethiopian Rift]]. Letsha la Chamo le kafa borwa jwa Letsha la Abaya le toropo ya Arba Minch, kafa botlhaba jwa Dithaba tsa Guge le kafa bophirima jwa Dithaba tsa Amaro. == Kakaretso == Karolo e e kwa bokone ya Letsha la Chamo e mo [[Nechisar National Park]]. Go ya ka dipalopalo tse di gatisitsweng ke [[Central Statistical Agency,]] e boleele jwa dikilometara di le masome a mararo le bobedi le bophara jwa dikilometara di le lesome le boraro , mme e na le bogodimo jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le lesome le bosupa le boteng jwa dimetara di le lesome le bone ka bogolo jwa dikilometara di le 18757.<ref>[http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/publications/Working_Papers/working/WP123.pdf "Water Resources and Irrigation Development in Ethiopia - IWMI"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110718023957/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/publications/Working_Papers/working/WP123.pdf Archived] 18 July 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], Table 3. Basic hydrological data of lakes and reservoirs of Ethiopia. (accessed 2 July 2011)</ref> <ref>Google Earth</ref>Metswedi e mengwe e e baya mo bogodimong jwa dimetara di le sekete,makgolo a mabedi le masome a mararo le botlhano ka boleele jwa dikilometara di le masome a mabedi le borataro, bophara jwa dikilometara di le masome a mabedi le bobedi le lefelo la square kilometers di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a matlhano le bongwe le letsha la metsi la 2220 square kilometers le boteng jo bo kwa godimo jwa dimetara di le lesome . <ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=184&format=raw&Itemid=466 "Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)"] Archived 13 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Table A.2. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 December 2009)</ref> Letsha leno le dikologilwe ke ditlhatshana tsa Typha, mmogo le mafelo a a nang le metsi. E fepiwa ke Noka ya Kulfo le dinoka tse dinnye di le mmalwa, mmogo le go tshologa go tswa kwa Letsheng la Abaya le le tlisitsweng ke Noka ya Ualo. <ref name=":0">Robert Mepham, R. H. Hughes, and J. S. Hughes, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PP1 ''A directory of African wetlands'',] (Cambridge: IUCN, UNEP and WCMC, 1992), p. 163</ref> Oscar Neumann, o ne a tlhotlhomisa lefelo le ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le bongwe, a fitlhela mosele o o omileng o o golaganyang Letsha la Chamo le Noka ya Sagan, se se neng sa dira gore a swetse ka gore letsha le thusa Noka ya Sagan mo dingwageng tsa dipula tse di bokete. <ref>Oscar Neumann, "From the Somali Coast through Southern Ethiopian to the Sudan", ''Geographical Journal'', '''20''' (October 1902), pp. 373–398</ref> Diphologolo tsa naga di akaretsa ditlhapi tse di jaaka tlhapi ya katse Bagrus docmak le Nile perch, mmogo le noka ya noka le dikwena tsa Nile. <ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == nn1mmi4umulq4anqx7g4gkuscwmp2h5 0 13864 51277 2026-06-22T13:17:17Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Rima #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51277 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Sokotorivermap.png|thumb|Mmepe wa noka ya Sokoto kwa kgampung ya yone]] '''Noka ya Rima''' ke noka e e kwa bokone jwa [[Nigeria]]. Kwa ntlheng ya yone e e kwa bokone e kopantshiwa ke [[noka ya Goulbi de Maradi]]. E elelela kwa borwa-bophirima e kopana le [[noka ya Sokoto]] gaufi le Sokoto, e tswelele ka go elela kwa borwa go ya nokeng ya Niger. Kwa godimo noka ya Rima ke noka ya dipaka, e elela fela fa go le pula.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230704101924/https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Land-Use-and-Land-Cover-of-Sokoto-Rima-River-Basin-LAND-USE-IN-SOKOTO-RIMA-RIVER-BASIN_tbl1_271213962 "Land Use and Land Cover of Sokoto-Rima River Basin LAND USE IN SOKOTO... | Download Table".] Archived from [https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Land-Use-and-Land-Cover-of-Sokoto-Rima-River-Basin-LAND-USE-IN-SOKOTO-RIMA-RIVER-BASIN_tbl1_271213962 the original] on 4 July 2023. Retrieved 22 June 2026</ref> Porojeke ya Zauro polder, lenaneno la go nosetsa le letona, le rulagantswe dingwaga di le dintsi. Le tlaa nosetsa diheketara di le dikete di le lesome, makgolo a matlhano, masome a supa le bobedi jwa masimo kwa kgampung ya Rima fa gare ga Argungu le Birnin Kebbi.<ref>Tosin Omoniyi (20 December 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230817182520/http://www.newswatchngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1636&Itemid=47 "A Dam of Controversy".] ''Newswatch''. Lagos, Nigeria. Archived from [http://www.newswatchngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1636&Itemid=47 the original] on 17 August 2023. Retrieved 22 June 2026</ref> == Kgotlhelego == Noka ya Sokoto-Rima ke motswedi o o botlhokwa wa metsi a a nowang, e nosa diruiwa, mafaratlhatlha a metsi le ditlhapi kwa di ruelwang teng. Go kgothega ga mmu ke mongwe wa metswedi ya kgotlhelesego e e kwa metsing ao. Go latlhiwa ga leswe la setho, madirelo le ditirelo tsa temothuo kwa dintlheng tse di farologaneng tsa noka di oketsa kgotlhelesego mo tikologong ya metsi le go baya matshelo a ditlhapi mo diphatseng kwa nokeng ya Rima. == Metswedi == lnom5h6urnxtir08vpdd7is2tyaiuzb 0 13865 51278 2026-06-22T13:24:28Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya noka ya Faro #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51278 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Benuerivermap.png|thumb|Mmepe o o supang kgampu ya noka ya Benue. Noka ya Faro e bonwa kwa borwa jwa one.]] '''Noka ya Faro''' ke noka e e boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mararo le lesome e e elelang go kgabaganya molelwane wa [[Nigeria]] - [[Cameroon]] kwa [[Aferika|Aforika]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Faro-River "Faro River | river, Africa | Britannica".] ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> Motswedi wa yone o kwa Adamawa Plateau, e e kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa Ngaoundere kwa kgaolong ya Adamawa kwa [[Cameroon]]. <ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Faro-River "Faro River".] ''Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref>Ke motswedi wa [[noka ya Benue]], di kopana kwa molelwaneng.<ref>[https://universalium.en-academic.com/267408/Faro_River "Faro River".] Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias. Retrieved 22 June 2026</ref> == Metswedi == 20m0u1i9hdutawwf9ly0vyuk1puco5q 0 13866 51279 2026-06-22T13:34:38Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Taraba #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51279 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Taraba.jpg|thumb|Senepe sa noka ya Taraba fa e kopana le ya Benue]] '''Noka ya Taraba''' ke noka e e kwa kgaolong ya Taraba, kwa [[Nigeria]], ke motswedi wa [[noka ya Benue]].<ref>Barau, B. W.; David, Delphine Leila; Aa, Bature; Sm, Bingari; Km, Fauziya (4 April 2020). [https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-of-Taraba-State-Showing-River-Benue-and-the-Sampling-Sites_fig1_340428867 "Plankton diversity in the upper Benue river of Taraba state, Nigeria".] Retrieved 22 June 2026 – via ResearchGate.</ref> E kopana le noka ya Benue kwa kgampung e e dikhilomithara di le lesome ka bophara le di le masome a matlhano go kgabaganya.<ref>Hughes, R. H. (1992)[https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&q=%22Taraba+River%22&pg=PA416 . ''A Directory of African Wetlands'']. IUCN. p. 416. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9782880329495|<bdi>9782880329495</bdi>.]]</ref> Ditoropo tse ditona mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Taraba ke Sert-Baruwa, Sarki Ruwa, Karamti, Jamrati, Gangumi, Gayam le Bali LGA. Ditirelo tsa itsholelo tse ditona mo nokeng ke go tshwara ditlhapi, temo ya raese, yam le manoko. Merafe e metona e e nnang kwa nokeng ke morafe wa Fulani le Chamba. == Kgotlhelesego == Mookamedi wa kgaolo ya Taraba, Agbu Kefas o ne a laola go seegelwa kwa thoko ka nakwana ga ditirelo tsa meepo go sireletsa tikologo le go rotloetsa kgolo ka go oketsega ga meepo kwa kgaolong go ne go baka go kgaolwa ga ditlhare, kgotlhelesego ya metsi le tatlhegelo ya ditshedi.<ref>[https://www.thecable.ng/taraba-governor-suspends-all-mining-activities-in-the-state "Taraba governor suspends ALL mining activities".] ''TheCable''. 2023-06-24. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref><ref>[https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/06/25/kefas-suspends-mining-activities-in-taraba-seeks-traditional-rulers-support "Kefas Suspends Mining Activities in Taraba, Seeks Traditional Rulers' Support - THISDAYLIVE".] ''This Day''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> == Metswedi == fja86343xsgsu8o36y6ls63j0tdjgo3 0 13867 51280 2026-06-22T13:35:12Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Abbe 51280 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Abbe Map.png|thumb|Moalo wa Letsha la Abbe]] '''Letsha la Abbe''', le gape le itsegeng e le Letsha la Abhe Bad, ke letsha la letswai, le le mo molelwaneng wa [[Ethiopia]] le [[Djibouti.]] Ke lengwe la matsha a le marataro a a golaganeng, a gape a akaretsang (go tswa kwa bokone go ya kwa borwa) matsha a Gargori, Laitali, [[Gummare]], [[Bario l]]<nowiki/>e Afambo. Letsha le ke lefelo la bofelo la noka ya Awash, e e mo bogareng jwa sekhutlotharo sa Afar.<ref>Robert Mepham, R. H. Hughes, and J. S. Hughes, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PP1 ''A directory of African wetlands'',] (Cambridge: IUCN, UNEP and WCMC, 1992), p. 166</ref>Letsha la Abbe le tsewa e le lengwe la mafelo a a sa fitlhelegeng thata mo lefatsheng. Metsi ano ka boone a itsege ka [[di-flamingo]] tsa one. == Kakaretso == [[Setshwantsho:Abbe-8.jpg|thumb|Ditshingwana tsa molelo gaufi le Letsha la Abbe]] Letsha la Abbe ke lone lefelo la bofelo le metsi a Noka ya Awash a yang kwa go lone. E kwa Afar triple junction, lefelo le legolo la go kopana ga dikarolo tse tharo tsa lefatshe, e leng selo se se tlhomologileng ka Afar Depression. Fano go na le dikarolo tse tharo tsa lefatshe tse nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e katogang go tswa mo ntlheng eo e e fa gare, le fa gone tsotlhe di sa tsamaye ka lobelo lo lo tshwanang.<ref>Beyene, Alebachew & Abdelsalam, Mohamed G. (2005). "Tectonics of the Afar Depression: A review and synthesis". [[:en:Journal_of_African_Earth_Sciences|''Journal of African Earth Sciences''.]] '''41''' (1–2): 41–59. doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2005.03.003.</ref> Mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa bokonebophirima go na le Thaba ya Dama Ali (1069 m), e leng lekgwamolelo le le sa direng sepe, fa mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa borwabophirima le lo lo kwa borwa go na le dipoa tsa letswai tse di bophara jwa dikilometara di le lesome. Kwantle ga [[noka ya Awash]], dinoka tse dingwe tse di elelang mo letsheng la Abbe di akaretsa dinoka tse pedi tsa wadis, e leng Oleldere le Abuna Merekes, tse di tsenang mo letsheng leno go tswa kwa bophirima le kwa borwa, di kgabaganya dipoa tsa letswai. Le fa gone lefelo le le bulegileng la letsha leno la metsi le le bogolo jwa diheketara di le dikete tse masome a mararo le bone , komelelo ya bosheng le go gogiwa ga metsi go tswa mo Nokeng ya Awash go a dirisetsa go nosetsa go dirile gore metsi a letsha leno a fokotsege. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone, boalo jwa letsha leno bo ne bo fokotsegile go nna peditharong fa bo bapisiwa le jwa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane. Mo nakong eno, go ne ga nna le diheketara di ka nna dikete tse lesome le motso le makgolo a matlhano tsa mafelo a letswai kwa borwabophirima jwa letsha leno. <ref>Hughes, R.H. (1992). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA443 A Directory of African Wetlands]''. IUCN. pp. 443–447. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-88032-949-5|<bdi>978-2-88032-949-5</bdi>.]]</ref>Letsha la Abbe ke letsha le le nang le letswai le le kwa godimo; metsi a a nang le letswai la diminerale a elela mo go lone mme ga a elele kwa ntle, mme metsi a a itshekileng a mowafala go tswa kwa godimo. <ref>Hammer, U. T. (1986). ''Saline Lake Ecosystems of the World''. Springer. p. 15. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/90-6193-535-0|<bdi>90-6193-535-0</bdi>.]]</ref> Gape e itsege jaaka "letšha la maatlafatso", le metsi a lone a fetofetogang thata ka ntlha ya diphetogo tse dinnye tsa tlelaemete.<ref>Michael Schagerl (2016). ''S[https://books.google.com/books?id=jP3CDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 oda Lakes of East Africa]''[https://books.google.com/books?id=jP3CDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 . Springer.] p. 8. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-319-28622-8|<bdi>978-3-319-28622-8</bdi>.]]</ref> Batho ba Ba-Afar ba ile ba tlhoma motse gaufi le lotshitshi lwa letsha leno. Letsha la Abbe le itsege ka dikhemene tsa lone tsa kapoko, tse di fitlhang go bogodimo jwa dimetara di le masome a matlhano mme go tswa mo go tsone go tswa mowa o o bogale. <ref>Michael Schagerl (2016). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=jP3cDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 Soda Lakes of East Africa]''. Springer. p. 32. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-319-28622-8|<bdi>978-3-319-28622-8</bdi>.]]</ref>Ditshimo tsa carbonate di bopiwa ke go tswakanya metsi a letsha le seedi se se boteng sa geothermal. <ref>Dekov, V.M.; Egueh, N.M.; Kamenov, G.D.; Bayon, G.; Lalonde, S.V.; Schmidt, M.; Liebetrau, V.; Munnik, F.; Fouquet, Y.; Tanimizu, M.; Awaleh, M.O.; Guirreh, I.; Le Gall, B. (2014-11-10). [https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00206/31762/30172.pdf "Hydrothermal carbonate chimneys from a continental rift (Afar Rift): Mineralogy, geochemistry, and mode of formation"] (PDF). ''Chemical Geology''. '''387''': 87–100. doi[[:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.08.019]]. ISSN 0009-2541.</ref><ref>Awaleh, Mohamed Osman; Hoch, Farhan Bouraleh; Boschetti, Tiziano; Soubaneh, Youssouf Djibril; Egueh, Nima Moussa; Elmi, Sikie Abdillahi; Mohamed, Jalludin; Khaireh, Mohamed Abdi (2015). "The geothermal resources of the Republic of Djibouti — II: Geochemical study of the Lake Abhe geothermal field". ''Journal of Geochemical Exploration''. '''159''': 129–147. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.08.011|10.1016/j.gexplo.2015.08.011.]]</ref>Di-flamingo di ka fitlhelwa gape le mo metsing. <ref>Nyla Jo Jones Hubbard (2011). [https://books.google.com/books?id=HmE8h4djrx8C&pg=PA122 ''Doctors Without Borders in Ethiopia: Among the Afar''.] Algora Publishing. p. 122. ISBN <bdi>978-0-87586-853-0</bdi>.</ref> == Metswedi == ay83qoit8wdsxjmvx2pefogmb2199hg 0 13868 51281 2026-06-22T13:44:44Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Orisa #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51281 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Orisa|image_name=River Orisa in Olla Town.jpg|caption=Orisa kwa Olla, kgaolo ya Kwara|river_name=Odo Orisa|basin_countries=[[Nigeria]]|location=Ora-Igbomina|mouth=[[Noka ya Niger]]|length=300 km}} '''Noka ya Orisa''' (ka teme ya [[Yoruba]]: òrisá) ke noka e e kwa kgaolong ya Kwara kwa [[Nigeria]]. Ke noka ya mmu e e leng motswedi tsela ya yone e dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mararo go tswa kwa Ora e elela go kgabaganya ditoropo di le mmalwa di tshwana le Aran-Orin, Rore, Olla le Omu-Aran pele ga e tshela kwa [[Noka ya Niger|nokeng ya Niger]].<ref>Oyegun, Rowland. [https://www.google.com.ng/books/edition/Water_Resources_in_Kwara_State_Nigeria/h8EMAQAAIAAJ?hl=en ''Water Resources in Kwara State Nigeria''.] Matanmi & Sons Printing & Publishing Company. ISBN [https://www.google.com.ng/books/edition/Water_Resources_in_Kwara_State_Nigeria/h8EMAQAAIAAJ?hl=en <bdi>9781870125</bdi>.]</ref><ref>[https://eprints.lmu.edu.ng/3836/1/6%20Paper%20on%20Boundary%20Influence.pdf "Boundary Influence and Flow Characteristics of Orisa and Ala Rivers in Kwara and Ondo States, Nigeria"] (PDF). ''Landmark University Repository''. Retrieved 22 June 2026</ref><ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352374043_Assessment_of_levels_of_some_physico-chemical_parameters_and_heavy_metals_of_Orisa_River_Omu-Aran_Nigeria "Assessment of levels of some physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals of Orisa River, Omu-Aran, Nigeria".] ''ResearchGate''. Retrieved 22 June 2026</ref> == Metswedi == lmmqcomwrwiypel7ybjfhtdct3gtjxq 0 13869 51282 2026-06-22T13:49:21Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Abijatta 51282 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:O'a caldera.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Abijatta]] '''Letsha la Abijatta''' ke letsha la alkaline kwa [[Ethiopia]]. E mo mokgatšheng wa [[Main Ethiopian Rift]] kwa borwa jwa [[Addis Ababa]], mo Abijatta-Shalla National Park. == Kakaretso == Go ya ka Statistical Abstract of Ethiopia ya 1967/68, letsha le boleele jwa dikilometara di le lesome le bosupa le bophara jwa dikilometara di le le lesome le botlhano, mme le na le bogolo jwa disekwerekilometara di le makgolo a mabedi le botlhano . E boteng jwa dimetara di le lesome le bone mme e bogodimo jwa dimetara di le 1.573. Mo sekhutlong sa bokonebotlhaba jwa letsha leno go na le metswedi e le mmalwa ya metsi a a bothitho, e e kgatlhang bajanala le baagi ba lefelo leno. Mo godimo ga moo, go na le madirelo a soda ash mo lotshitshing lwa letsha leno, a a dirang ditone di le dikete tse masome a mabedi tsa sodium carbonate. Dipeeletso tse di supilweng kwa Letsheng la Abijata, mmogo le matsha a a gaufi a Shala le Chitu, di feta ditone di le dimilione di le makgolo a mane le masome a marataro .<ref>[http://www.geology.gov.et/current%20exploration%20and%20mining.html Current Exploration and Mining] [[:en:Wikipedia:Archive.today_guidance|Deprecated link]] archived 2007-04-22 at archive.today, Geological Survey of Ethiopia Web Page (accessed 26 January 2009)</ref> Gape go na le di-flamingo mo letsheng leno. [[Setshwantsho:Flamingoes on Lake Abiyatta.jpg|thumb|Di-Flamingo ko Letsheng la Abiyatta]] Dithuto tse di farologaneng, go akaretsa go tlhatlhoba sedimentology, palynology, diatoms le organic matter di dirilwe mo boteng jwa dimetara di le thataro go tswa kwa Letsheng la Abijata, Ethiopia. Botlase jwa mogatla ono bo ne jwa balwa go nna 1720 ± BP. Ditshekatsheko di bontshitse gore go na le dikgato di le nnè tse di farologaneng tsa go iphetogela ga metsi go nna a mangwe. Dikarolo tse pedi tse di fetogileng tse di lemogilweng di ka amanngwa le bosupi jo bongwe jwa gore go na le metsi a a lekanang le a a mo letsheng. Go tlola molao go bakwa ke go fetoga ga dilo tse di tsenang mo mmung go tswa kwa dikgaolong tse di kwa tlase le tse di kwa godimo mo lefelong le le nang le metsi. Di ka tswa di amana le diphetogo tsa dipopego tsa dipula tsa setlha. <ref>Bonnefille, R.; Robert, C.; Lezine, A. M.; Perinet, G.; Delibrias, G.; Elenga, C.; Herbin, J. P.; Tiercelin, J. J. (1986). "Palaeoenvironment of Lake Abijata, Ethiopia, during the past 2000 years". ''Geological Society, London, Special Publications''. '''25''' (1): 253–265. doi:[[10.1144/gsl.sp.1986.025.01.21.]] ISSN 0305-8719. S2CID 128780442.</ref> == Metswedi == fjar4aqd665b3rjmohyua1l6y0nqruf 0 13870 51283 2026-06-22T13:54:33Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Mtshelele #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Mtshelele|basin_countries=[[Zimbabwe]]}} '''Noka ya Mtshelele''' ke motswedi wa [[noka ya Thuli]] kwa [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>Ebrahim, Girma Y.; Lautze, Jonathan F.; McCartney, Matthew; Matheswaran, Karthikeyan; Nyikadzino, Ben; Tafesse, Nata T. (1 October 2024). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581824002623 "Beyond dams: Assessing integrated water storage in the Shashe catchment, Limpopo River Basin"]. ''Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies''. '''55''' 101913. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.101913|10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.101913.]] ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2214-5818 2214-5818.]</ref> == Metswedi == 360mym8xuxikp29he2b9bbos4n9qyhl 0 13871 51284 2026-06-22T13:56:02Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Afambo 51284 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Afambo NASA.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Afambo]] '''Letsha la Afambo''' ke lengwe la matsha a dinoka tsa Awash di elelang mo go one. E kwa ntlheng ya botlhaba jwa Kgaolo ya Afar ya [[Ethiopia|Ethiopia.]] == Kakaretso == Letsha leno le mo sekgaleng sa dikilometara di le lesome le boraro ka boleele le bophara jwa dikilometara di le pedi, mme le na le diheketara di le sekete,makgolo a supa le masome a marataro tsa metsi a a bulegileng. <ref>Robert Mepham, R. H. Hughes, and J. S. Hughes, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PP1 ''A directory of African wetlands'',] (Cambridge: IUCN, UNEP and WCMC, 1992), p. 166</ref>Afambo e amogela metsi a yone go tswa kwa Letsheng la Gummare go tswa mo kanaleng e e kwa ntlheng ya bokone, mme e elela go tswa mo mekgatšheng e e mo lotshitshing lwa yone lwa borwabophirima kwa e elelang kwa Letsheng la Bario. Motho wa ntlha wa kwa Yuropa go etela Letsha la Afambo e ne e le Wilfred Thesiger, yo o neng a tlhatlhoba tsela e noka ya Awash e elelang ka yone go fitlha kwa e felelang teng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le botlhano . <ref>Thesiger, [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1787031 "The Awash River and the Aussa Sultanate"], ''Geographical Journal'', 85 (1935), p. 16</ref>Thesiger o ne a etelela setlhopha sa gagwe go bapa le matlhakore a botlhaba le borwa a letsha leno. Lefelo leno le ne la se ka la bona moeng yo mongwe go tswa kwa ntle ga Ethiopia go fitlha Pele Thompson a boela morago mo dikgatong tsa ga Thesiger ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong le ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe. Go kile ga bo go na le borogo jo bo neng bo kgabaganya kanale e e golaganyang matsha a Gummare le Afambo kwa Ebobe, mme bo ne jwa "phutlhama mo nakong e e fetileng". Go feta moo, le fa letsha la Afambo e ne e le letsha la metsi a a phepa fa Thesiger a ne a etetse koo, fa e sa le ka nako eo le ne la nna letswai thata ka ntlha ya metsi a a neng a fetisediwa kwa godimo go ya go nosetsa. <ref>Philip Briggs, ''Ethiopia: The Bradt Travel Guide'', 5th edition (Chalfont St Peters: Bradt, 2009), pp. 402f</ref> == Metswedi == o00zckz8oe5gdcz5v8orjrp86yd19n3 0 13872 51285 2026-06-22T14:05:46Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Mwewe #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51285 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Mwewe''' ke motswedi wa [[noka ya Thuli]] kwa kgaolong ya [[Matebeleland]] kwa borwa.<ref>[https://swahili_english.en-academic.com/10492/mwewe "mwewe".] ''Academic Dictionaries and Encyclopedias''. Retrieved 2026-06-22.</ref> Motswedi wa yone o gaufi le toropo ya Figtree kwa [[Plumtree]]. E elela go kgabaganya kezi business centre. Le ntswa kgaolo e na le paka ya komelelo e telele, e na le makadiba a a boteng a sennela ruri a le mmalwa. Dikai di akaretsa Pedziba, gaufi le thaba ya Sibale le lekadiba la Bhangwane dikhilomithara di le tharo go tswa kwa noka e kgabaganyang Maphisa go ya Gwanda. Noka ya Mwewe e nosetsa masimo a le lesome mo tseleng go tswa kwa kgaolong ya Plumtree go ya kwa e kopanang le noka ya Tuli teng. Mo go one go na le masimo a Walmer. == Metswedi == 0cihx4vt4oh0q8fb6trt0rm8bu4s4qr 0 13873 51286 2026-06-22T14:19:19Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Afrera 51286 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:ET Afar asv2018-01 img113 Afdera.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Afrera]] '''Letsha la Afrera''' (Lake Giuletti ka Sentadiana) ke letsha le le nang le letswai le lentsi kwa bokone jwa [[Ethiopia]]. Le kwa Kilbet Rasu, kwa kgaolong ya Afar, ke lengwe la matsha a a mo Danakil Depression. E na le bogodimo jwa 117 km2 mme e na le 2.4 km3 ya letswai. Botebo jo bo kwa godimo jwa Letsha la Afdera ke dimetatara di le masome a robabobedi kwa bokone le di le masome a supa le borataro m kwa borwa. <ref name=":0">Schaegis, Jean-Charles; Rime, Valentin; Kidane, Tesfaye; Mosar, Jon; Gebru, Ermias Filfilu; Atnafu, Balemwal; Foubert, Anneleen (2021-07-01). [[doi:10.3389/feart.2021.706643|"Novel Bathymetry of Lake Afdera Reveals Fault Structures and Volcano-Tectonic Features of an Incipient Transform Zone (Afar, Ethiopia)"]]. ''Frontiers in Earth Science''. '''9'''. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021FrEaS...9..530S 2021FrEaS...9..530S]. doi:10.3389/feart.2021.706643. ISSN 2296-6463.</ref>Ga go na noka epe e kgolo e e elelang mo letsheng leno. E fepiwa ke metswedi e e bothitho go bapa le dintshi tsa matsha. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Bonatti, Enrico; Gasperini, Elia; Vigliotti, Luigi; Lupi, Luca; Vaselli, Orlando; Polonia, Alina; Gasperini, Luca (2017-05-01). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5443967 "Lake Afrera, a structural depression in the Northern Afar Rift (Red Sea)".] ''Heliyon''. '''3''' (5) e00301. Bibcode:2017Heliy...300301B. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00301|10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00301]]. ISSN 2405-8440. PMC 5443967. <nowiki>PMID 28560355</nowiki>.</ref> E itsege gape ka leina la Letša la Giulietti, leina le Raimondo Franchetti a le fileng lone morago ga gore mmatlisisi wa Italy Giuseppe Maria Giulietti a bolawe ke Ba-Afars kwa borwabophirima jwa letsha. <ref>Jon Kalb, ''Adventures in the Bone Trade'' (New York: Copernicus Books, 2001), p. 72</ref> Leina le lengwe la metsi ano ke Letsha la Egogi (kgotsa Egogi Bad), e leng leina la ga L. M. Kaedi ya ga Nesbitt ya Afar e ne ya e neela fa mmatlisisi wa Italy a ne a nna Mo-Yuropa wa ntlha go e bona ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe ke masome a mabedi le borobabobedi . <ref>Nesbitt, ''Hell-Hole of Creation: The Exploration of Abyssinian Danakil'' (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1935), p. 337</ref> Setlhaketlhake se le sengwe mo Letsheng la Afrera, Setlhaketlhake sa Franchetti (se gape se itsegeng jaaka "Deset"), se se kwa karolong ya borwa jwa letsha, se tsewa e le setlhaketlhake se se kwa tlase mo lefatsheng. <ref>Philip Briggs, ''Ethiopia: The Bradt Travel Guide'', 5th edition (Chalfont St Peters: Bradt, 2009), p. 314</ref> Go farologana le matsha a mangwe a a letswai a kwa Ethiopia (sekao, Matsha a Abijatta, Shala le Chitu), pH ya Letsha la Afrera e kwa tlase e bile e mo karolong ya asiti. Le fa gone go sa ithutiwa thata ka tsone, go na le mefuta e le mmalwa ya ditlhapi tse di nnang mo Letsheng la Afrera, tse di akaretsang tse pedi tse di nnang koo: Danakilia franchettii (cichlid) le Aphaniops stiassnyae (syn. Lebias stiassnyae; tlhapi e nnye).<ref>[http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=527 "527: Western Red Sea Drainages"] Archived 2011-10-05 at the Wayback Machine, Freshwater ecosystems of the world website (accessed 11 November 2009)</ref> == Go ntshiwa ga letswai == Letswai le le tswang mo matlapeng le ntse le epiwa kwa Letsheng la Afrera le mo karolong e e dikologileng ya Kgaolo ya Afar ka makgolokgolo a dingwaga. Lt. Lefebvre o ne a kwala dingwe tsa dikotsi tsa go epa letswai ka nako ya Kwelotlase e tona ya Itsholelo, tse a neng a di utlwa go tswa go mongwe wa badiri ba kwa meepong ka boene: O ne a bolela gore gantsi letsha leno le fetola popego ya lone le lefelo la lone, mme o ne a tlhalosa seo ka mafoko ano: letsha leno le a tsamaya. Gantsi, o ne a oketsa ka gore, fa o ya kwa lefelong le le neng le le thata mo maitseboeng a a fetileng, o ne o phatloga ka tshoganyetso, mme o bo o nyelela mo moleteng. Mme se se tshosang le go feta ke go penologa ga metsi: ka dinako tse dingwe letsha le tlhatloga jaaka thaba, mme le bo le wela gape mo dipoeng jaaka morwalela; dikarabe tsotlhe, batho le diphologolo di a nwela. Le fa go ntse jalo, go na le matshwao a a bontshang gore go tla diragala eng, a banna ba ba palameng dipitse fela ba ka a dirisang, ka go fofa ka lobelo lo logolo lwa diphologolo; ka dinako tse dingwe dingwe dingwe tsa tsone di a bo di tshabile, mme ke mo go tsone dintlha tseno tse di tshosang di bonwang.<ref>Henry James, ''Routes in Abyssinia; Presented to the house of Commons, in pursuance of their Address dated November 26, 1867'' (London, 1867), p. 200</ref> Go dirwa ga letswai kwa Letsheng la Afrera Bosheng jaana, Ethiopian Mineral Resources Development Enterprise e ne ya tlhomamisa gore go na le ditone di le dimilione di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a robabongwe tsa letswai kwa Letsheng la Afrera fela. Dikgwebo dingwe tsa mo lefelong leo di ne di tle di ntshe letswai mo letsheng ka go pompela metsi a letswai mo matamong a maitirelo gore a mowafale le gore go nne le pula e ntsi. <ref>[http://www.geology.gov.et/current%20exploration%20and%20mining.html Current Exploration and Mining] [[:en:Wikipedia:Archive.today_guidance|Deprecated link]] archived 2007-04-22 at archive.today, Geological Survey of Ethiopia Web Page (accessed 26 January 2009)</ref> Morago ga go thunya ga lekgwamolelo la Nabro ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso, letsha leno le ne la kgotlelwa ka sulfuric acid, e leng se se neng sa dira gore letswai leno le se ka la jewa. <ref>Mesfin, Mahlet (June 12, 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110623142440/http://addisfortune.com/Eritrean%20Volcano%20Erupts%20Economic%20Mayhem%20for%20Ethiopia.htm "Eritrean Volcano Erupts Economic Mayhem for Ethiopia".] [[:en:Addis_Fortune|''Addis Fortune''.]] Archived from the original on June 23, 2011.</ref> == Thutafatshe == Letšha la Afdera le ne la bopiwa ke diphatlha tse di neng di le mo ntlheng tse di farologaneng tse di golaganyang Erta Ale Volcanic Range, Tat'Ali volcanic range, le Alayta volcanic range.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />Go feta moo, go tlhalosiwa gore kgolokwe e e kwa borwa e ka tswa e emela lekgwamolelo la lekgwamolelo.<ref name=":0" /> == Motswedi wa metsi == Letsha la Afdera le na le metswedi e mentsi ya metsi a a bothitho go dikologa letsha<ref name=":1" />mme gongwe le metswedi e e kafa tlase ga metsi. Metsi a letsha la Afdera a letswai mme ga a tswe mo lewatleng. Metsi a kontinente a ne a nna letswai ka ntlha ya go tswakana ga hydrothermal le di-evaporites le di-basalt tse di kafa tlase ga lefatshe. <ref name=":1" />Mogote wa letsha o ne wa fetoga thata mo dingwageng di le diketekete tse di fetileng. Ka nako ya Dipaka tse di Bongola tsa Aforika, boalo jwa letsha bo ne bo le kwa godimo ka dimetara di le masome a matlhano go feta gompieno mme bo ne bo le bogolo thata. <ref>Gasse, Françoise (January 1974). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/iroh.19740590112 "Les Diatomées des Sédiments Holocènes du Bassin du Lac Afrera (Giulietti) (Afar Septentrional, Ethiopie). Essai de Reconstitution de l'Évolution du Milieu".] ''Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie''. '''59''' (1): 95–122. Bibcode:1974IRH....59...95G. doi:10.1002/iroh.19740590112. ISSN 0020-9309</ref>Fa e sale ka bo ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe ke masome a marataro seelo sa letsha se ne se ntse se fetofetoga,<ref>Nanis, Hafid; Aly, Mohamed H. (2020-07-03). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10106049.2018.1559884 "Desegregation of remote sensing and GIS to characterize fluctuations in the surface water area of Afar Lakes, Ethiopia".] ''Geocarto International''. '''35''' (9): 976–990. Bibcode:2020GeoIn..35..976N. doi[[:10.1080/10106049.2018.1559884.]] ISSN 1010-6049.</ref> mme dipharologano tseno di ne di le ka fa tlase ga metara o le mongwe ka bogolo.<ref name=":0" />Seno se bontsha gore metsi a letsha a laolwa ke tlelaemete le dipula tse di nang kwa dithabeng tsa Ethiopia kgotsa kwa Danakil Alps. == Metswedi == kelw8w0c3ltpdvqzrnbhh2h26e59dde 0 13874 51287 2026-06-22T16:39:30Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA NOKA YA Djorf Torba 51287 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Barrage de djorf torba.jpg|thumb|Noka ya De Djorf Torba]] '''Letamo la Djorf Torba''' ke letamo le le mo kgaolong ya Kenadsa, kwa motsaneng wa kwa Béchar, kwa lefatsheng la [[Algeria]], le kgabaganya Oued Guir dikilometara di le masome a matlhano kwa bophirima jwa motsemogolo, Béchar.<ref>Lahlou, Abdelhadi (1996). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130320000435/http://www.irtces.org/isi/isi_document/iahs236/iahs_236_0491.pdf "Environmental and socio-economic impacts of erosion and sedimentation in north Africa"] (PDF). ''Erosion and Sediment Yield: Global and Regional Perspectives''. International Association of Hydrological Sciences. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2013. Retrieved 22 February 2013</ref><ref>[https://www.google.com.au/maps?q=Djorf+Torba,+Algeria&hl=en&ll=31.516435,-2.769198&spn=0.022756,0.036135&sll=-12.393659,100.744629&sspn=6.67066,9.250488&oq=djorf+torba&hnear=Djorf+Torba,+Algeria&t=m&z=15 "Google Maps".] Google. Retrieved 22 February 2013.</ref>E dirisetswa go nosetsa le go tlamela ka metsi.<ref>G. Camps (1995). [http://encyclopedieberbere.revues.org/2197 "Djorf Torba"]. ''Encyclopédie Berbère'' (in French) (16): 2477–2488. doi:10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2197. Retrieved 22 February 2013.</ref> Lefelo le le dikologileng tlhogo ya letamo le na le mafelo a a tlhomologileng a bogologolo. Letamo le le bakile phokotsego e kgolo ya go elela ga Oued Guir le Oued Saoura kwa mafelong a a kwa tlase ga letamo. == Metswedi == depagxl1s2rdaaz643rh4xqwn9ph9el 0 13875 51288 2026-06-22T16:54:27Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA KEDDARA 51288 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Keddara Dam.jpg|thumb|Letamo la keddra]] '''Letamo la Keddara''', kgotsa Barrage Keddara, ke letamo le le dikilometara di le thataro kwa bokonebophirima jwa Keddara mo nokeng ya Boudouaou mo motsaneng wa Boumerdès, lefatsheng la [[Algeria]]. E agilwe magareng ga sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bobedi (1982) le sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bosupa(1987) ke kompone ya Yugoslav ya Hidrotehnika, maikaelelo a matona a letamo ke go tlamela metsi a go nosetsa le go dirisiwa ke masepala kwa Algiers e e leng dikilometara di le masome a mararo le botlhano go ya kwa bophirima.<ref>[http://www.hidroenergetika.rs/en/algerie/keddara/ "Keddara | Algerie - Hidrotehnika - Hidroenergetika a.d."] ''www.hidroenergetika.rs''. Retrieved 2021-07-15.</ref> Letamo le le kwa bokgoni jwa 146,500,000 m3 (118,769 acre⋅ft) e e kgobokantsweng go tswa go kgelelo le Letamo la Hamiz 7.6 km (5 mi) go ya kwa bophirima le Letamo la Beni Amrane 17 km (11 mi) go ya kwa botlhaba.<ref>[http://www.hidrotehnika.rs/en/algerie/keddara/ "Keddara".] Hidrotehnika-Hidroenergetika. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.serbiaconstruction.com/projects/keddara-embankment-dam/ "Keddara embankment dam".] Serbia Construction. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref> == Metswedi == lol3atfc3b63p8h27tb248hakvjep42 0 13876 51289 2026-06-22T17:04:30Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA Koudiat Acerdoune 51289 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Koudiat Acerdoune''' ke letamo la maatlakgogedi le le leng dikilometara di le borobabongwe le sephato go ya kwa borwabophirima jwa Kadiria mo nokeng ya Isser mo motsaneng wa Bouïra,kwa lefatsheng la Algeria. Letamo leno le ne la agiwa magareng ga ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi (2002) le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2008) ka thekeniki ya konkoreite e e kitlanngwang ka go gatisiwa ga dikgolokwe. E dirisetswa go tlamela metsi a a dirisiwang mo madirelong, go nosetsa le go dirisiwa ke bommasepala. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110930153516/http://www.peri.de/ww/en/projects.cfm/fuseaction/showreference/reference_ID/1977/referencecategory_ID/22.cfm "Koudiat Acerdoune Dam, Algeria"]. PERI. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref>E na le letamo la metsi a a nang le bokgoni jwa 640,000,000 m3 (518,856 acre⋅ft) le le tlamelang metsi go nosetsa dikete tse masome a mabedi tsa lefatshe mmogo le go tlamela kgaolo ya Algiers ka 178,000,000 m3 (144,307 acre⋅ft) ya metsi a a nowang ngwaga le ngwaga.<ref>[http://www.miningandconstruction.com/Portals/0/DynamicForms_Uploads/The%20dam%20builders_11-20-2009%209-51-34%20AM.pdf "The Dam Builder's Dream"] (PDF). Mining and Construction. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref> == Metswedi == k6fynfdl8zph26wa4916ni8grhxv630 0 13877 51290 2026-06-22T17:28:27Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA Calueque 51290 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Calueque''', ke letamo le le dirisiwang ke batho ba le bantsi go kgabaganya Noka ya Kunene, kwa motsaneng wa Kunene, kwa borwabophirima jwa lefatshe la [[Angola]]. Letamo leno le boloka metsi a a tla dirisediwang Seteishene sa Motlakase wa Metsi sa Ruacana sa 347 MW (465,000 hp), se se kwa lefatsheng la Namibia. Metsi a yone a dirisiwa gape go nosetsa masimo, kwa lefatsheng la Angola le lefatsheng la Namibia.<ref name=":0">Kunene River Awareness Kit (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20211020091611/http://www.kunene.riverawarenesskit.com/KUNENERAK_COM/EN/MANAGEMENT/WATER_INFRASTRUCTURE/DAMS_AND_INFRASTRUCTURE/THE_KUNENE_RIVER_SCHEME.HTM "The Kunene River Scheme: Calueque Dam"]. Luanda: Kunene River Awareness Kit. Archived from the original on 20 October 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021</ref> == Lefelo == Letamo le kwa toropong ya Calueque, gaufi le molelwane wa boditšhabatšhaba le Namibia, mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a robabongwe le borataro (122 mi), ka tsela, borwabophirima jwa toropo ya Ondjiva, motsemogolo wa porofense.<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Calueque,+Angola/Ondjiva,+Angola/@-17.0359077,14.5602251,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1b96c68264b4c0a9:0x305dfb7f05c3a237!2m2!1d14.56626!2d-17.264866!1m5!1m1!1s0x1b94608ca5346713:0x68e9520a3cc127c0!2m2!1d15.7028457!2d-17.0627088!3e0 "Road Distance Between Ondjiva, Angola And Calueque, Angola"] (Map). ''Google Maps''. Retrieved 16 April 2021</ref> Letamo le ka nna sekete, makgolo a mabedi le masome a robabobedi le bobedi (1,282 kilometres (797 mi), ka tsela, borwa jwa Luanda, motsemoshate wa Angola.<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Calueque,+Angola/Luanda,+Angola/@-9.9601508,5.4230663,4.75z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1b96c68264b4c0a9:0x305dfb7f05c3a237!2m2!1d14.56626!2d-17.264866!1m5!1m1!1s0x1a51f15cdc8d2c7d:0x850c1c5c5ecc5a92!2m2!1d13.2301756!2d-8.8146556!3e0 "Road Distance Between Luanda, Angola And Calueque, Angola"] (Map). ''Google Maps''. Retrieved 16 April 2021.</ref>Dikhuduthamaga tsa lefatshe tsa Calueque Dam ke 17°16'22.0"S, 14°32'40.0"E (Latitude:-17.272778; Longitude:14.544444).<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/17%C2%B016'22.0%22S+14%C2%B032'40.0%22E/@-17.2181103,14.1048756,79620m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-17.2727778!4d14.5444444 "Location of Calueque Dam, Angola"] (Map). ''Google Maps''. Retrieved 16 April 2021.</ref> == Ditso == Ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bone(1964), baemedi ba puso ya lefatshe la Portugal le puso ya Afrika Borwa ba ne ba kopana kwa Lisbon, kwa lefatsheng la Portugal mme ba saena ditumalano tse di amanang le go agiwa ga matamo mo Nokeng ya Kunene, ka go dira jalo ba laola selekanyo se noka e elelang ka sone le go oketsa motlakase o o ntshiwang ke matamo ano. Gape ditumalano tseno di ne di amana le go dira gore go nne le metsi a a lekaneng gore batho le diphologolo ba a dirise kwa Angola le kwa Afrika Borwa Bophirima (e jaanong e bidiwang Namibia). Ditumalano di ne di tlhalosa gore ke mang yo o neng a na le eng le gore ke mang yo o neng a tla aga, a dira le go duelela (a) Letamo la Gove (b) Letamo la Calueque le Seteišene sa Motlakase sa Motlakase sa Gove le Seteišene sa Motlakase sa Ruacana.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Food and Agriculture Organization (21 January 1969). [http://www.fao.org/3/w7414b/w7414b11.htm "Agreement between the government of the Republic of South Africa and the government of Portugal in regard to the first phase of development of the water resources of the Cunene river basin Lisbon, 21 January 1969"] (FAO Quoting: Portugal, Dario do Governo. No. 250, 28 October 1970, p. 1589). Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved 16 April 2021</ref> Go agiwa ga Letamo la Calueque go simolotse ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bobedi (1972). Tiro ya go aga letamo leno e ne ya emisiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borataro (1976) ka ntlha ya Ntwa ya Selegae ya kwa Angola. Ka nako ya fa tiro ya go aga e ne e emisiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borataro (1976), mo e ka nnang diperesente di le masome a supa tsa ditiro tsa go aga di ne di weditswe mme letamo leno le ne le kgona go tlamela batho le diphologolo ka metsi. Ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi (1988), "tlhaselo" e ne ya senya thata kago e e neng e ise e fele.<ref name=":0" /><ref>Bernard E. Trainor (30 June 1988). [https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/pretoria-says-angola-raid-is-threat-to-talks-on-peace.html "Pretoria Says Angola Raid Is Threat to Talks on Peace"]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 16 April 2021.</ref> == Go baakanya le go tokafatsa == Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012), go ne ga simololwa go baakanngwa le go tsosolosa letamo leno le le neng le sa felela gotlhelele. Tiro ya go baakanya e ne ya wediwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015).<ref>P. C. Blersch, W. van Wyk, R. Steenkamp (2015). [https://www.ancold.org.au/?product=2015-rehabilitation-of-calueque-dam-challenges-and-successes "2015–Rehabilitation of Calueque Dam: Challenges And Successes".] Hobart, Tasmania, Australia: The Australian National Committee on Large Dams Incorporated (ANCOLD Inc). Retrieved 16 April 2021.</ref>Tiro e nngwe ya go tokafatsa e akaretsa go tsosolosa mosele o o tsamaisang metsi go dirisiwa ke batho le diphologolo, go tswa kwa letamong kwa Calueque, [[Angola]] go ya kwa Oshakati, Namibia, e e boleele jwa dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a matlhano.<ref>Inès Magoum (16 February 2021). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/namibia-namwater-launches-the-rehabilitation-of-the-calueque-oshakati-canal/ "Namibia: NamWater Launches The Rehabilitation of the Calueque-Oshakati Canal".] Paris, France: Afrik21.africa. Retrieved 16 April 2021.</ref> == Metswedi == 0dsw8f5px79cz8apcf0ta57q9tctsaw 0 13878 51291 2026-06-22T17:38:41Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1312209368|Zimbabwe Women Writers]]" 51291 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zimbabwe Women Writers''' ( '''ZWW''' ) ke mokgatlho wa [[bakwadi ba basadi]] o o tlhomilweng ka 1990 kwa [[Zimbabwe]]. E ne e le "mokgatlho wa ntlha wa basadi kwa Zimbabwe le kwa [[Borwa jwa Aforika]] go itebaganya le go tlhoka tekatekano ga bong ka go kwala le go gatisa".<ref name="AlpizarDurán2007">{{Cite book |last=Tando |first=Mary O. |year=2007 |title=Building Feminist Movements and Organizations: Global Perspectives |publisher=Zed Books |isbn=978-1-84277-850-0 |editor-last=Lydia Alpízar Durán |pages=131– |chapter=Zimbabwe Women Writers, 1990–2004 |editor-last2=Noël D. Payne |editor-last3=Anahi Russo |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZeYooc-sNcAC&pg=PA131}}</ref> E tlhomilwe go tsibogela tlhokego e e neng ya tlhagisiwa kwa thutosekadipuisanong ya bakwadi ya 1990, ZWW e ne e na le makala a a fetang masome a robabongwe go ralala Zimbabwe kwa tshimologong ya lekgolo la dingwaga.<ref name="KramaraeSpender2004">{{Cite book |last=Cheris Kramarae |year=2004 |title=Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QAOUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT1769 |last2=Dale Spender |author-link2=Dale Spender |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-96315-6 |page=1709}}</ref> Mo ngwagasomeng wa yone wa ntlha, e gatisitse dibuka di feta makgolo a mabedi tsa basadi, ka [[Sekgowa|Seesemane]], [[Seshona]] le [[Sendebele]].<ref name="Sheldon2005">{{Cite book |last=Kathleen E. Sheldon |year=2005 |title=Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5331-7 |page=275 |chapter=Zimbabwe Women Writers |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=36BViNOAu3sC&pg=PA275}}</ref> Ka 1990 bakwadi ba le mmalwa ba basadi ba ne ba tlhama Zimbabwe Women Writers (ZWW) go rotloetsa dikwalo tsa basadi mo lefatsheng. Jaanong e na le maloko a le makgolo a le marataro le makala a le masome a matlhano le borataro mo metseselegaeng le mo ditoropong go ralala lefatshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-02-03 |title=ZIMBABWE: Women of Zimbabwe tell Their Stories |url=http://peacewomen.org/content/zimbabwe-women-zimbabwe-tell-their-stories |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108130034/http://peacewomen.org/content/zimbabwe-women-zimbabwe-tell-their-stories |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=2021-11-08 |website=PeaceWomen |language=en}}</ref> == Dikgatiso == == Ditshupiso == 3hb9rbfm9nka4oajslb4ahlm6qfkqje 51292 51291 2026-06-22T17:58:11Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1312209368|Zimbabwe Women Writers]]" 51292 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zimbabwe Women Writers''' ( '''ZWW''' ) ke mokgatlho wa [[bakwadi ba basadi]] o o tlhomilweng ka 1990 kwa [[Zimbabwe]]. E ne e le "mokgatlho wa ntlha wa basadi kwa Zimbabwe le kwa [[Borwa jwa Aforika]] go itebaganya le go tlhoka tekatekano ga bong ka go kwala le go gatisa".<ref name="AlpizarDurán2007">{{Cite book |last=Tando |first=Mary O. |year=2007 |title=Building Feminist Movements and Organizations: Global Perspectives |publisher=Zed Books |isbn=978-1-84277-850-0 |editor-last=Lydia Alpízar Durán |pages=131– |chapter=Zimbabwe Women Writers, 1990–2004 |editor-last2=Noël D. Payne |editor-last3=Anahi Russo |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZeYooc-sNcAC&pg=PA131}}</ref> E tlhomilwe go tsibogela tlhokego e e neng ya tlhagisiwa kwa thutosekadipuisanong ya bakwadi ya 1990, ZWW e ne e na le makala a a fetang masome a robabongwe go ralala Zimbabwe kwa tshimologong ya lekgolo la dingwaga.<ref name="KramaraeSpender2004">{{Cite book |last=Cheris Kramarae |year=2004 |title=Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QAOUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT1769 |last2=Dale Spender |author-link2=Dale Spender |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-96315-6 |page=1709}}</ref> Mo ngwagasomeng wa yone wa ntlha, e gatisitse dibuka di feta makgolo a mabedi tsa basadi, ka [[Sekgowa|Seesemane]], [[Seshona]] le [[Sendebele]].<ref name="Sheldon2005">{{Cite book |last=Kathleen E. Sheldon |year=2005 |title=Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5331-7 |page=275 |chapter=Zimbabwe Women Writers |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=36BViNOAu3sC&pg=PA275}}</ref> Ka 1990 bakwadi ba le mmalwa ba basadi ba ne ba tlhama Zimbabwe Women Writers (ZWW) go rotloetsa dikwalo tsa basadi mo lefatsheng. Jaanong e na le maloko a le makgolo a le marataro le makala a le masome a matlhano le borataro mo metseselegaeng le mo ditoropong go ralala lefatshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-02-03 |title=ZIMBABWE: Women of Zimbabwe tell Their Stories |url=http://peacewomen.org/content/zimbabwe-women-zimbabwe-tell-their-stories |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108130034/http://peacewomen.org/content/zimbabwe-women-zimbabwe-tell-their-stories |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=2021-11-08 |website=PeaceWomen |language=en}}</ref> == Lemorago == Ka ngwaga wa 1990, go ne ga nna le keletso ya gore go nne le setlhopha se se tla rotloetsang le go tshegetsa bakwadi ba basadi. Ke gone kwa ZWW e tlhageletseng teng. E ne ya atologa ka bonako, ya bula makala a le masome a matlhano le borataro a a nang le maloko a le makgolo a maratago go ralala Zimbabwe. ZWW e golola dibuka tsa dikwalo tsa basadi ka dipuo jaaka Seesemane, Sendebele, le Seshona. ZWW e ne e tlhomile mogopolo mo go tlameleng bakwadi ba basadi ba ba neng ba sa kgone go bona ditshono tsa thuto le tsa go gatisa ka didirisiwa dingwe le katiso. Maikaelelo a mokgatlho e ne e le go gwetlha ditlwaelo tsa botlhogoethata mo setšhabeng tse di neng di didimatsa dikgang tsa basadi le go lemosa batho ka botlhokwa jwa mantswe a basadi mo dikwalong. == Botlhokwa == Zimbabwe Women Writers (ZWW) e botlhokwa ka seabe sa yone mo go nonotsheng le go buelela bakwadi ba basadi mo gare ga go tlhoka tekatekano ga bong le phitlhelelo e e lekanyeditsweng ya ditshono tsa thuto tsa basadi. E file basadi ba Zimbabwe serala sa go tlhagisa maikutlo le maitemogelo a bone, go fa lentswe mo ditlhogong tse di kgaphetsweng kwa thoko mo dikwalong tse di tlwaelesegileng tsa Zimbabwe. ZWW e tsweletsa pele thata dikwalo tsa Zimbabwe le go atolosa bareetsi ba yone ba dikwalo tsa basadi ka go gatisa dibuka tse di kokoantsweng ka dipuo tse dintsi. Ka kakaretso, ZWW e thusitse go aga kokomana ya bakwadi ba basadi ka fa tlase ga kgatelelo ya mokgatlho mo go gakololeng le go tlhabolola bokgoni, e leng se se ba thusitseng go lootsa tiro ya bone ya diatla le go atlega mo lekaleng la go gatisa. Maikaelelo a ZWW a go gwetlha dikarolo tsa bong le go rotloetsa go akaretsa mo dikwalong go dirile diphetogo tse di siameng tsa loago le setso mo setšhabeng sa Zimbabwe. == Dikgatiso == == Ditshupiso == 82y48zv86uueem3kpon07lmg67prfmi 51294 51292 2026-06-22T18:14:56Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1312209368|Zimbabwe Women Writers]]" 51294 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zimbabwe Women Writers''' ( '''ZWW''' ) ke mokgatlho wa [[bakwadi ba basadi]] o o tlhomilweng ka 1990 kwa [[Zimbabwe]]. E ne e le "mokgatlho wa ntlha wa basadi kwa Zimbabwe le kwa [[Borwa jwa Aforika]] go itebaganya le go tlhoka tekatekano ga bong ka go kwala le go gatisa".<ref name="AlpizarDurán2007">{{Cite book |last=Tando |first=Mary O. |year=2007 |title=Building Feminist Movements and Organizations: Global Perspectives |publisher=Zed Books |isbn=978-1-84277-850-0 |editor-last=Lydia Alpízar Durán |pages=131– |chapter=Zimbabwe Women Writers, 1990–2004 |editor-last2=Noël D. Payne |editor-last3=Anahi Russo |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZeYooc-sNcAC&pg=PA131}}</ref> E tlhomilwe go tsibogela tlhokego e e neng ya tlhagisiwa kwa thutosekadipuisanong ya bakwadi ya 1990, ZWW e ne e na le makala a a fetang masome a robabongwe go ralala Zimbabwe kwa tshimologong ya lekgolo la dingwaga.<ref name="KramaraeSpender2004">{{Cite book |last=Cheris Kramarae |year=2004 |title=Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QAOUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT1769 |last2=Dale Spender |author-link2=Dale Spender |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-96315-6 |page=1709}}</ref> Mo ngwagasomeng wa yone wa ntlha, e gatisitse dibuka di feta makgolo a mabedi tsa basadi, ka [[Sekgowa|Seesemane]], [[Seshona]] le [[Sendebele]].<ref name="Sheldon2005">{{Cite book |last=Kathleen E. Sheldon |year=2005 |title=Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5331-7 |page=275 |chapter=Zimbabwe Women Writers |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=36BViNOAu3sC&pg=PA275}}</ref> Ka 1990 bakwadi ba le mmalwa ba basadi ba ne ba tlhama Zimbabwe Women Writers (ZWW) go rotloetsa dikwalo tsa basadi mo lefatsheng. Jaanong e na le maloko a le makgolo a le marataro le makala a le masome a matlhano le borataro mo metseselegaeng le mo ditoropong go ralala lefatshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-02-03 |title=ZIMBABWE: Women of Zimbabwe tell Their Stories |url=http://peacewomen.org/content/zimbabwe-women-zimbabwe-tell-their-stories |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108130034/http://peacewomen.org/content/zimbabwe-women-zimbabwe-tell-their-stories |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=2021-11-08 |website=PeaceWomen |language=en}}</ref> == Lemorago == Ka ngwaga wa 1990, go ne ga nna le keletso ya gore go nne le setlhopha se se tla rotloetsang le go tshegetsa bakwadi ba basadi. Ke gone kwa ZWW e tlhageletseng teng. E ne ya atologa ka bonako, ya bula makala a le masome a matlhano le borataro a a nang le maloko a le makgolo a maratago go ralala Zimbabwe. ZWW e golola dibuka tsa dikwalo tsa basadi ka dipuo jaaka Seesemane, Sendebele, le Seshona. ZWW e ne e tlhomile mogopolo mo go tlameleng bakwadi ba basadi ba ba neng ba sa kgone go bona ditshono tsa thuto le tsa go gatisa ka didirisiwa dingwe le katiso. Maikaelelo a mokgatlho e ne e le go gwetlha ditlwaelo tsa botlhogoethata mo setšhabeng tse di neng di didimatsa dikgang tsa basadi le go lemosa batho ka botlhokwa jwa mantswe a basadi mo dikwalong. == Botlhokwa == Zimbabwe Women Writers (ZWW) e botlhokwa ka seabe sa yone mo go nonotsheng le go buelela bakwadi ba basadi mo gare ga go tlhoka tekatekano ga bong le phitlhelelo e e lekanyeditsweng ya ditshono tsa thuto tsa basadi. E file basadi ba Zimbabwe serala sa go tlhagisa maikutlo le maitemogelo a bone, go fa lentswe mo ditlhogong tse di kgaphetsweng kwa thoko mo dikwalong tse di tlwaelesegileng tsa Zimbabwe. ZWW e tsweletsa pele thata dikwalo tsa Zimbabwe le go atolosa bareetsi ba yone ba dikwalo tsa basadi ka go gatisa dibuka tse di kokoantsweng ka dipuo tse dintsi. Ka kakaretso, ZWW e thusitse go aga kokomana ya bakwadi ba basadi ka fa tlase ga kgatelelo ya mokgatlho mo go gakololeng le go tlhabolola bokgoni, e leng se se ba thusitseng go lootsa tiro ya bone ya diatla le go atlega mo lekaleng la go gatisa. Maikaelelo a ZWW a go gwetlha dikarolo tsa bong le go rotloetsa go akaretsa mo dikwalong go dirile diphetogo tse di siameng tsa loago le setso mo setšhabeng sa Zimbabwe. == Dikgatiso == * [[Kitson, Norma]], ''Anthology of Zimbabwe Women Writers. Zimbabwe''. Zimbabwe: ZWW, 1994. Ka ketapele ka [[David Karimanzira]] . * ''Selections: English Poetry and Short Stories''. 1997, e gatisitswe gape ka 2001. * ''Inkondlo'' [Selections]. Harare: ZWW, 1998. (Buka ya dibuka tsa Sendebele.)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zimbabwe Women Writers |year=1998 |title=Selections Inkondlo |publisher=Zimbabwe Women Writers |location=Harare |pages=28–30, 37, 48–50}}</ref> * ''Nhetembo'' [Selections]. Harare: ZWW, 1990. (Buka ya dibuka tsa Seshona.) * ''Women of Resilience: The voices of women ex-combatants''. Harare: Zimbabwe Women Writers, 2000. * ''A Tragedy of Lives''. Harare: Zimbabwe Women Writers, 2003. == Ditshupiso == pn8ethr7ngvdnjuu8j6tgn7lvnoc80v 51296 51294 2026-06-22T18:23:05Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1312209368|Zimbabwe Women Writers]]" 51296 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zimbabwe Women Writers''' ( '''ZWW''' ) ke mokgatlho wa [[bakwadi ba basadi]] o o tlhomilweng ka 1990 kwa [[Zimbabwe]]. E ne e le "mokgatlho wa ntlha wa basadi kwa Zimbabwe le kwa [[Borwa jwa Aforika]] go itebaganya le go tlhoka tekatekano ga bong ka go kwala le go gatisa".<ref name="AlpizarDurán2007">{{Cite book |last=Tando |first=Mary O. |year=2007 |title=Building Feminist Movements and Organizations: Global Perspectives |publisher=Zed Books |isbn=978-1-84277-850-0 |editor-last=Lydia Alpízar Durán |pages=131– |chapter=Zimbabwe Women Writers, 1990–2004 |editor-last2=Noël D. Payne |editor-last3=Anahi Russo |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZeYooc-sNcAC&pg=PA131}}</ref> E tlhomilwe go tsibogela tlhokego e e neng ya tlhagisiwa kwa thutosekadipuisanong ya bakwadi ya 1990, ZWW e ne e na le makala a a fetang masome a robabongwe go ralala Zimbabwe kwa tshimologong ya lekgolo la dingwaga.<ref name="KramaraeSpender2004">{{Cite book |last=Cheris Kramarae |year=2004 |title=Routledge International Encyclopedia of Women: Global Women's Issues and Knowledge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QAOUAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT1769 |last2=Dale Spender |author-link2=Dale Spender |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-96315-6 |page=1709}}</ref> Mo ngwagasomeng wa yone wa ntlha, e gatisitse dibuka di feta makgolo a mabedi tsa basadi, ka [[Sekgowa|Seesemane]], [[Seshona]] le [[Sendebele]].<ref name="Sheldon2005">{{Cite book |last=Kathleen E. Sheldon |year=2005 |title=Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5331-7 |page=275 |chapter=Zimbabwe Women Writers |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=36BViNOAu3sC&pg=PA275}}</ref> Ka 1990 bakwadi ba le mmalwa ba basadi ba ne ba tlhama Zimbabwe Women Writers (ZWW) go rotloetsa dikwalo tsa basadi mo lefatsheng. Jaanong e na le maloko a le makgolo a le marataro le makala a le masome a matlhano le borataro mo metseselegaeng le mo ditoropong go ralala lefatshe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-02-03 |title=ZIMBABWE: Women of Zimbabwe tell Their Stories |url=http://peacewomen.org/content/zimbabwe-women-zimbabwe-tell-their-stories |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108130034/http://peacewomen.org/content/zimbabwe-women-zimbabwe-tell-their-stories |archive-date=8 November 2021 |access-date=2021-11-08 |website=PeaceWomen |language=en}}</ref> == Lemorago == Ka ngwaga wa 1990, go ne ga nna le keletso ya gore go nne le setlhopha se se tla rotloetsang le go tshegetsa bakwadi ba basadi. Ke gone kwa ZWW e tlhageletseng teng. E ne ya atologa ka bonako, ya bula makala a le masome a matlhano le borataro a a nang le maloko a le makgolo a maratago go ralala Zimbabwe. ZWW e golola dibuka tsa dikwalo tsa basadi ka dipuo jaaka Seesemane, Sendebele, le Seshona. ZWW e ne e tlhomile mogopolo mo go tlameleng bakwadi ba basadi ba ba neng ba sa kgone go bona ditshono tsa thuto le tsa go gatisa ka didirisiwa dingwe le katiso. Maikaelelo a mokgatlho e ne e le go gwetlha ditlwaelo tsa botlhogoethata mo setšhabeng tse di neng di didimatsa dikgang tsa basadi le go lemosa batho ka botlhokwa jwa mantswe a basadi mo dikwalong. == Botlhokwa == Zimbabwe Women Writers (ZWW) e botlhokwa ka seabe sa yone mo go nonotsheng le go buelela bakwadi ba basadi mo gare ga go tlhoka tekatekano ga bong le phitlhelelo e e lekanyeditsweng ya ditshono tsa thuto tsa basadi. E file basadi ba Zimbabwe serala sa go tlhagisa maikutlo le maitemogelo a bone, go fa lentswe mo ditlhogong tse di kgaphetsweng kwa thoko mo dikwalong tse di tlwaelesegileng tsa Zimbabwe. ZWW e tsweletsa pele thata dikwalo tsa Zimbabwe le go atolosa bareetsi ba yone ba dikwalo tsa basadi ka go gatisa dibuka tse di kokoantsweng ka dipuo tse dintsi. Ka kakaretso, ZWW e thusitse go aga kokomana ya bakwadi ba basadi ka fa tlase ga kgatelelo ya mokgatlho mo go gakololeng le go tlhabolola bokgoni, e leng se se ba thusitseng go lootsa tiro ya bone ya diatla le go atlega mo lekaleng la go gatisa. Maikaelelo a ZWW a go gwetlha dikarolo tsa bong le go rotloetsa go akaretsa mo dikwalong go dirile diphetogo tse di siameng tsa loago le setso mo setšhabeng sa Zimbabwe. == Dikgatiso == * [[Kitson, Norma]], ''Anthology of Zimbabwe Women Writers. Zimbabwe''. Zimbabwe: ZWW, 1994. Ka ketapele ka [[David Karimanzira]] . * ''Selections: English Poetry and Short Stories''. 1997, e gatisitswe gape ka 2001. * ''Inkondlo'' [Selections]. Harare: ZWW, 1998. (Buka ya dibuka tsa Sendebele.)<ref>{{Cite book |last=Zimbabwe Women Writers |year=1998 |title=Selections Inkondlo |publisher=Zimbabwe Women Writers |location=Harare |pages=28–30, 37, 48–50}}</ref> * ''Nhetembo'' [Selections]. Harare: ZWW, 1990. (Buka ya dibuka tsa Seshona.) * ''Women of Resilience: The voices of women ex-combatants''. Harare: Zimbabwe Women Writers, 2000. * ''A Tragedy of Lives''. Harare: Zimbabwe Women Writers, 2003. == Metswedi == 3j1kzwxkdykngklisexw4yy97sucs16 0 13879 51293 2026-06-22T18:03:05Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Lefelo le le fetlhang Motlakase wa Metsi sa Cambambe 51293 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Cambambe Dam.PNG|thumb|Letamo la Cambambe]] '''Lefelo le le fetlhang Motlakase wa Metsi sa Cambambe''' ke seteišene sa motlakase sa motlakase wa metsi go kgabaganya Noka ya Kwanza mo molelwaneng magareng ga Porofense ya Cuanza Norte le motsana wa Bengo kwa lefatsheng la Angola. Morago ga tsosoloso le katoloso, maatla a tlhagiso ya setheo se ke makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro (960 megawatts (1,290,000 hp).<ref name=":0">Patric Kiehlmann (2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210225015933/https://voith.com/hydro-in-africa-en/cambambe.html "The expansion of the Cambambe Hydropower Plant in Africa"]. Heidenheim an der Brenz, Germany: Voith.com. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 20 June 2020</ref> == Lefelo == Seteišene sa motlakase se kwa moseja ga Noka ya Kwanza kwa Cambambe, Angola, dikilometara di ka nna lekgolo le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi(123 mi) ka tsela borwabotlhaba jwa Luanda, motsemogolo le toropo e kgolo go gaisa mo nageng. <ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Luanda,+Angola/Cambambe+Hydroelectric+Power+Station,+Cambambe,+Angola/@-9.2835831,13.3056006,9z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1a51f15cdc8d2c7d:0x850c1c5c5ecc5a92!2m2!1d13.2301756!2d-8.8146556!1m5!1m1!1s0x1a4cf00f0054a5df:0xde6db1bba39c0fa!2m2!1d14.4808373!2d-9.7533836!3e0 "Road Distance Between Luanda, Angola and Cambambe Hydroelectric Power Station, Angola"] (Map). ''Google Maps''. Retrieved 20 June 2020</ref>Dikhuduthamaga tsa lefelo la seteišene sa motlakase ke: 09°45'12.0"S, 14°28'51.0"E (Latitude:-9.753333; Longitude:14.480833).<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/9%C2%B045'12.0%22S+14%C2%B028'51.0%22E/@-9.7534373,14.4799771,163m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-9.7533333!4d14.4808333 "Location of Cambambe Hydroelectric Power Station"] (Map). ''Google Maps''. Retrieved 20 June 2020.</ref> == Kakaretso == Kago ya Letamo la Cambambe ya ntlha e simolotse ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le borobabongwe(1959), mme ya wediwa ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le boraro (1963).<ref>Macauhub (30 June 2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160708105207/http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2016/06/30/plant-ii-of-the-cambambe-dam-in-angola-goes-into-operation/ "Plant II of the Cambambe dam in Angola goes into operation".] Macauhub.com.mo. Archived from the original (Archived from the original on 8 July 2016) on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2020</ref> Ka ntlha ya go senyega le go tlhoka tlhokomelo, ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi (2002), ntshokuno e ne e wetse tlase go tswa go lekgolo le masome a robabobedi (180 megawatts go ya go masome a robabobedi (80 megawatts.<ref name=":0" /> Kakgwedi ya Moranangka ngwaga wa dikete di tse pedi le bosupu(2007), khonsortiamo e e neng e akaretsa Odebrecht, Voith, Alstom, le Engevix e ne ya thapiwa ke Empresa Nacional de Electricidade go dira porojeke ya go tsosolosa, go atolosa le go tlhabolola letamo le madirelo a motlakase. Porojeke e akaretsa go godisiwa ga kago ka dimetara di le masome a mararo ,<ref>[https://www.gruner.ch/en/references/cambambe-arch-dam "Gruner AG"]. ''www.gruner.ch''. Retrieved 2022-12-07.</ref> go tlhabolola diyuniti tsa go tlhagisa motlakase tsa Cambambe 1, go emisetsa diterekere tse nne tsa masome a mane le botlhabo (45 MW) ka diterekere tse nne tsa masome a marataro le botlhano (65 MW), le go agiwa ga semela se sesha, se se bidiwang Cambambe ya bobedi , ka diterekere tse nne tsa go tlhagisa motlakase tsa lekgolo le masome a supa le botlhano (175 MW) nngwe le nngwe, go dira palogotlhe ya makgolo a supa(700 MW). Tiro ya kwa Cambambe ya ntlha e simolotse ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009), mme kwa Cambambe ya bobedi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro (2013).<ref name=":0" /> == Dikago == Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), go ne go solofetswe gore turbine ya ntlha ya 175 MW ya Cambambe ya bobedi e tla tsenngwa mme e tla simolola go dira ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016), mme go solofetswe gore e tla wediwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017).<ref name=":1">Angola Press News Agency (30 July 2015). [http://www.angop.ao/angola/pt_pt/noticias/reconstrucao-nacional/2015/6/31/Cuanza-Norte-Segunda-central-barragem-Cambambe-arranca-Junho-2016,1bea68c7-a8c4-44ab-847e-0bed5332d172.html "Cuanza Norte: Second Cambambe dam plant to start in June 2016"] (Translated from the original Portuguese language). Luanda: Angola Press News Agency. Retrieved 20 June 2020.</ref> Ditokafatso tse dingwe di ne di akaretsa go agiwa ga diteishene tse tharo tse disha tsa go fetolwa ga maatla ka maatla a 400KV, 220KV, le 60KV go tshegetsa kgokagano magareng ga Cambambe 1 le 2, Capanda Hydroelectric Power Station, le Laúca Hydroelectric Power Station. Go tlhabololwa le go tokafadiwa ga Cambambe 1 le go agiwa ga Cambambe 2 go ne ga ja madi a a fopholediwang go diranta di le dibilione di le pedi.<ref name=":1" /> Seteišene sa motlakase se se feditsweng se ne sa tsenngwa tirisong ka di kgwedi ya Phukwi e le masome a supa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017), fa pele ga baeng ba le makgolo a matlhano ba ba laleditsweng.<ref>Water Power Magazine (27 July 2017). [https://www.waterpowermagazine.com/news/newscambambe-2-opens-in-angola-5884156 "Cambambe 2 opens in Angola".] Dartford, Kent, United Kingdom: Waterpowermagazine.com. Retrieved 20 June 2020</ref> == Metswedi == 4g07y871mp0rfor2als2htd9ljmhg0g 0 13880 51295 2026-06-22T18:20:00Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA GOVE 51295 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Gove''' ke letamo le le mo nokeng ya Kunene mo e ka nnang masome a supa le botlhano (75 km (47 mi) kwa borwa jwa Huambo mo porofenseng ya Huambo, Angola. Boikaelelo jwa letamo leno ke go laola merwalela le go dira motlakase ka metsi. E na le maatla a go ntsha motlakase wa dimekawate di le masome a marataro(di-turbine di le tharo tsa dimekawate di le masome a mabedi (di-turbine di le tharo tsa dimekawate di le masome a mabedi (di-turbine di le tharo tsa dimekawate di le 20)) nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e na le maatla a a lekaneng go naya malapa a a fetang dikete tse makgolo a mararo tsa motlakase. == Ditso == Letamo la Gove le ne la ja diranta di le dimilione di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a supa le boferabongwe mme le ne la agiwa ke mokgatlho wa Brazil o o agang wa Odebrecht. E ne ya bulwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012) ke Tautona wa Angola. Letamo leno le fetisetsa motlakase kwa ditoropong tsa Caála, Huambo le Kuito. Go agiwa ga letamo leno go simolotse ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le boferabongwe (1969) mme ga wediwa ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le botlhano (1975). Go agiwa ga seteišene sa motlakase go ne ga emisiwa gabedi, go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le botlhano (1975) go ya go ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le boraro (1983) ka ntlha ya ntwa ya selegae, mme gape go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete le makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borataro (1986) go ya go ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bongwe (2001) gape ka ntlha ya ntwa. Letamo leno le ne la senngwa ka bontlhanngwe ke dinamite ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990). Mmogo le seteišene sa motlakase, go ne ga bulwa le diteishene tse dingwe kwa Caála, Dango, le Benfica (kwa Huambo) fa se sena go wediwa. Ditikwatikwe tse di potlana le marangrang a kabo di ja madi a US$80 million.<ref>[http://www.macauhub.com.mo/en/2012/08/23/gove-hydroelectric-dam-inaugurated-in-angola/ "Gove Hydroelectric dam inaugurated in Angola"]. Macaupub. Retrieved 25 April 2014.</ref> == Metswedi == 5kxgvltyz90q1hsv79qa91uoi71b2lx 0 13881 51297 2026-06-22T18:40:12Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1337738538|Zimbabwe Women's Resource Centre and Network]]" 51297 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zimbabwe Women's Resource Centre and Network''' ('''ZWRCN''') ke mokgatlho wa bong le tlhabololo o o tlhomilweng ka 1990 kwa Harare.<ref name="Sheldon2005">{{Cite book |last=Kathleen E. Sheldon |year=2005 |title=Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=36BViNOAu3sC&pg=PA275 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5331-7 |page=275 |chapter=Zimbabwe Women’s Resource Centre and Network (ZWRCN)}}</ref> ZWRCN e ne ya gatisalokwalo lwa ''WomanPlus'', mme ka 1995 ya dirisana mmogo le mekgatlho e mengwe ya basadi go gatisa ''Zimbabwe Women's Voices.''<ref name="Sheldon2005">{{Cite book |last=Kathleen E. Sheldon |year=2005 |title=Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=36BViNOAu3sC&pg=PA275 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-5331-7 |page=275 |chapter=Zimbabwe Women’s Resource Centre and Network (ZWRCN)}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKathleen_E._Sheldon2005">Kathleen E. Sheldon (2005). "Zimbabwe Women's Resource Centre and Network (ZWRCN)". [https://books.google.com/books?id=36BViNOAu3sC&pg=PA275 ''Historical Dictionary of Women in Sub-Saharan Africa'']. Scarecrow Press. p.&nbsp;275. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5331-7|<bdi>978-0-8108-5331-7</bdi>]].</cite></ref> == Metswedi == l91gb1tlzw47i5urqk8t6jdgk7zugyn 0 13882 51298 2026-06-22T18:50:07Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Lefelo la Motlakase wa Metsi la Lauca 51298 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lefelo la Motlakase wa Metsi sa Laúca''' ke lefelo la motlakase wa 2,070 MW (2,775,916 hp) kwa lefatsheng la Angola. Ke lefelo la motlakase le legolo go gaisa mo nageng.<ref>Jean Marie Takouleu (26 September 2023). "[https://www.afrik21.africa/en/angola-the-2070-mw-lauca-mega-dam-is-fully-operational/ Angola: The 2,070 MW Laúca mega-dam is fully operational".] ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France. Retrieved 27 September 2023</ref> == Lefelo == lefelo le la motlakase le kwa moseja ga Noka ya Kwanza mo molelwaneng wa motsaneng wa Angola ya Cuanza Norte le motse wa Malanje. Seteišene sa Motlakase sa Laúca, se dikilometara di ka nna masome a mane le bosupa (47 (29 mi) kwa tlase ga noka ya Seteišene sa Motlakase sa Capanda.<ref name=":0">Macauhub (30 October 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210321204808/https://macauhub.com.mo/2015/10/30/lauca-dam-in-angola-starts-producing-energy-in-2017/ "Lauca dam, in Angola, starts producing energy in 2017".] ''Macauhub.com.mo''. Archived from the original on 21 March 2021. Retrieved 19 June 2020</ref> E bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a robabobedi ka tsela, borwabotlhaba jwa Luanda, motsemogolo le toropo e kgolo go gaisa mo nageng. <ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Luanda,+Angola/La%C3%BAca+Dam,+Estr.+p%2F+Cacuso,+Angola/@-9.4875363,14.249883,8.96z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1a51f15cdc8d2c7d:0x850c1c5c5ecc5a92!2m2!1d13.2301756!2d-8.8146556!1m5!1m1!1s0x1a4b64aa234f413d:0x416b6c71ce3f7a61!2m2!1d15.1276589!2d-9.7429804!3e0 "Road Distance Between Luanda, Angola And Laúca Hydroelectric Power Station, Angola"] (Map). ''Google Maps''. Retrieved 19 June 2020.</ref>Dikhuduthamaga tsa thutafatshe tsa Laúca Hydroelectric Power Station ke: 09°44'22.0"S, 15°07'33.0"E (Latitude:-9.739444; Longitude:15.125833).<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/9%C2%B044'22.0%22S+15%C2%B007'33.0%22E/@-9.7370992,15.104308,9545m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-9.7394444!4d15.1258333 "Location of Laúca Hydroelectric Power Station"] (Map). ''Google Maps''. Retrieved 19 June 2020</ref> == Kakaretso == Go agiwa ga lefelo le legolo la motlakase wa metsi kwa Angola go simolotse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012).<ref name=":0" /><ref>International Hydropower Association (May 2017). [https://www.hydropower.org/country-profiles/angola "Angola Hydropower Country Profile".] London: International Hydropower Association. Retrieved 19 June 2020.</ref>Jenereitara ya ntlha ya dimekawate di le makgolo a mararo le masome a mararo le borobabobedi ya seteišene sa motlakase sa dimekawate di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a supa e ne ya tsenngwa tirisong ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e thola bone ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017), fa semela sa motlakase se ne se bulwa semmuso ke Tautona José Eduardo dos Santos, Tautona wa Angola ka nako eo. <ref name=":1">Macauhub (28 February 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200621122900/https://macauhub.com.mo/2018/02/28/pt-governo-de-angola-contrai-novo-emprestimo-para-financiar-barragem-de-lauca/ "Angola's government signs new loan to finance Lauca dam".] Macauhub.com. Archived from the original (Translated from the original Portuguese language) on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019), turbine ya botlhano, go tswa go diyuniti tse thataro tse di tlhagisang motlakase, e ne ya tsenngwa.<ref>Macauhub (8 July 2019). [https://web.archive.org/web/20221128213207/https://macauhub.com.mo/2019/07/08/pt-barragem-de-lauca-em-angola-tem-cinco-das-seis-turbinas-em-operacao-comercial/ "Laúca dam in Angola has five of its six turbines in commercial operation"]. Macauhub.com.mo. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 19 June 2020</ref> Motlakase o o tlhagisiwang o tsenngwa mo thulaganyong ya motlakase ya setšhaba mme o tlamela ka motlakase mo e ka nnang bareki ba le 8.000.000 kwa Angola. Porojeke e ne ya tlamela ka ditiro tse di fetang dikete tse robabobedi ka tlhamalalo ka nako ya go agiwa ga yone.<ref>Serge Rombi (19 June 2017). [https://www.euronews.com/2017/06/19/angola-s-infrastructure-boom "Angola's Infrastructure Boom: The Laúca Dam".] ''Euronews.com''. Lyon, France. Retrieved 19 June 2020</ref> == Ditlhaloso tsa botegeniki == Letamo la konkereite le le bopegileng ka rolara le le boleele jwa lekgolo le masome a mararo le bobedi 132 m (433 ft) le tla tshola letamo la 5,482,000,000 m3 (1.936×1011 ft3), le le nang le bogolo jwa lekgolo le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi (188 square kilometres (46,000 acres).<ref name=":0" /> Letamo leno le tla tlamela diteishene tse pedi tsa motlakase ka motlakase wa metsi, e leng sa konokono le se sengwe se se thusang. Motlakase o mogolo o tla nna le dijenereitara tsa diterekere tsa Francis tsa 338 MW mme tse dingwe di tla nna le yuniti e le nngwe ya Francis ya 42 MW. Seteišene sa motlakase se tla dira gantsi, go tshola bonnye jwa 60 m3/s (2,100 cu ft/s) ya kelelo ya noka.<ref>COBA S.A. (2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192811/http://www.coba.pt/pdf/Ingles/Producao_Transport%20Energia/Hydropower%20generation.pdf "Lauca Hydropower Development"] (PDF). Lisbon, Portugal: COBA S.A. Portugal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 19 June 2020</ref> Moragonyana, ditlhaloso di ne tsa fetolwa go nna dijenereitara tsa dimekawate di le makgolo a mararo le masome a mararo le bone tsa jenereitara e kgolo le jenereitara e le nngwe ya dimekawate di le masome a supa ya jenereitara e e thusang.<ref name=":0" /> == Tlamelo ka madi == Letamo le seteišene sa motlakase di tla ja madi a a kana ka diranta di le dimilione di le dikete di le 4,3. Kwa tshimologong porojeke eno e ne ya duelelwa bontlhanngwe ke puso ya Brazil. Morago ga matlhotlhapelo a bonweenwee a a amanang le puso ya Brazil ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016), mola oo wa kadimo o ne wa emisiwa, go tlogela phatlha ya matlole.<ref name=":1" />Puso ya Angola e ne ya ya kwa bathong ba ba adimisanang ka madi gore ba kgone go bona madi a a tlhokegang go wetsa porojeke eno. Tafole e e fa tlase e bontsha metswedi ya matlole a Seteishene sa Motlakase sa Laúca.<ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == joczzmlz91mi6lr2xhstogz0i897o09 0 13883 51299 2026-06-22T19:01:04Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA Lomaum 51299 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Lamaum''' ke letamo la motlakase le le leng mo nokeng ya Catumbela mo porofenseng ya Benguela kwa bogareng jwa Angola. Kwa tshimologong e ne ya wediwa ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro le botlhano (1965), letamo le ne la tshameka karolo e e botlhokwa mo go tlameleng ditoropo tsa Lobito, Benguela le Huambo <ref>"Portuguese Aid for Lomaum Dam". ''Modern Power Systems''. '''9'''. Miller Freeman Publications: 13. [[:en:Lomaum_Dam#cite_note-mps9_13-1|1989]]</ref>ka motlakase, ka maatla a ntlha a go ntsha a masome a mabed(20 megawatts (27,000 hp). Tshenyego le tsosoloso (1983 -1987): Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le boraro (1983), Letamo la Lamaum le ne la senyega thata fa le ne le senngwa ke UNITA (National Union for the Total Independence of Angola) morago ga gore Angola e bone boipuso.<ref>''Africa South of the Sahara 2004''. Regional surveys of the world (33rd ed.). Psychology Press. 2003. p. 52. ISBN <bdi>1-85743-183-9</bdi>.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomaum_Dam#cite_note-pp2003-2]</ref>Tiro eno e e senyang e ne ya dira gore go nne le merwalela e e neng ya baka tshenyo e kgolo ya batho ba le lesome. E re ka lefatsheng la Portugal e ne e lemoga botlhokwa jwa kago eno ya motheo, e ne ya thusa ka go ntsha madi a go baakanya letamo leno ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bosupa(1987). Dithulaganyo tsa go tsosolosa le go atolosa (2008 - 2011): Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008), go ne ga simololwa dithulaganyo tsa go tsosolosa le go atolosa Letamo la Lamaum go oketsa maatla a lone go nna masome a marataro (60 megawatts (80,000 hp). Letlha le le solofetsweng la go konosediwa ga tiro e le ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso (2011).<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201007221052.html "Angola: Power Production Encourages Investments in Industry"]. ''All Africa''. July 22, 2010. Retrieved 2011-04-05</ref>Le fa go ntse jalo, kgatelopele ya mmatota le go wediwa ga porojeke eno go ka tswa go ile ga ikaega ka dilo tse di farologaneng, go akaretsa madi, dikgwetlho tsa botegeniki le dilo tse dingwe tse di amanang le go rulaganya dilo. == Metswedi == sz6fsrmc9ft3r1dh6qdz79lvf9yez90 0 13884 51302 2026-06-22T19:19:31Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Lefelo la Motlakase la Ruacana 51302 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lefelo la Motlakase la Ruacana''' ke seteišene sa motlakase sa metsi go kgabaganya Noka ya Kunene gaufi le Ruacana kwa bokonebophirima jwa lefatshe la Namibia, gaufi le molelwane wa lefatshe ka Angola. Seteishene seno sa motlakase se ne sa simolola go bereka ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le boferabobedi (1978) mme ke sone se segolo go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng la Namibia. Mothapi wa yone ke NamPower, e leng khamphani ya motlakase ya naga ya Namibia.<ref name=":0">ESI-Africa (11 October 2016). [https://www.esi-africa.com/industry-sectors/generation/namibia-nampower-boosts-ruacana-power-station/ "Namibia: NamPower boosts Ruacana Power Station".] Rondebosch, South Africa: ESI-Africa. Retrieved 6 May 2020</ref> == Lefelo == lefelo le la motlakase le gaufi le toropo ya Ruacana, mo kgaolong ya Omusati ya lefatshe la Namibia, gaufi le molelwane wa boditšhabatšhaba le Angola.<ref>NamPower (6 May 2020). [https://www.nampower.com.na/Page.aspx?p=184 "Profile of Ruacana Power Station, Namibia".] Windhoek: NamPower. Retrieved 6 May 2020</ref> Seteišene sa motlakase se mo sekgaleng sa dikilometara di le makgolo a supa le masome a matlhano le bosupa , ka tsela, bokone bophirima jwa Windhoek, motsemogolo le toropo e kgolo go di feta tsotlhe ya Namibia. <ref name=":1">[https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Windhoek,+Namibia/Ruacana,+Namibia/@-19.9843191,13.4295168,7z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x1c0b1b5cb30c01ed:0xe4b84940cc445d3b!2m2!1d17.0657549!2d-22.5608807!1m5!1m1!1s0x1b96d60e5f9eae4f:0xd31f1a37f5403100!2m2!1d14.3908304!2d-17.436007!3e0 "Distance Between Windhoek And Ruacana In Namibia"] (Map). ''Google Maps''. Retrieved 6 May 2020.</ref>Seteišene sa motlakase se tsamaisiwa ke NamPower.<ref>International Trade Administration (29 August 2020). [https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/namibia-energy "Namibia: Country Commercial Guide: Energy"]. Washington, DC, United States: International Trade Administration. Retrieved 12 April 2021</ref> == Kakaretso == Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020), Seteišene sa Motlakase sa Ruacana ke seteišene se segolo go gaisa sa go tlhagisa motlakase kwa lefatsheng la Namibia. E na le diphesente tse makgolo a matlhano 50% go ya bokgoni jwa ntshokuno ya motlakase wa naga. <ref name=":0" /> Dijenereitara tsa ntlha tse tharo tsa masome a robabobedi (80 MW )tsa Francis di ne tsa tsenngwa tirisong ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le boferabobedi (1978). Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome la bobedi (2012), di-turbine tsa ntlha tse tharo di ne tsa fetolwa gore di kgone go ntsha dimekawate di le 85 nngwe le nngwe. Motlakase wa bone wa motlakase o o nang le maatla a di-megawatt di le masome a robabongwe le bobedi o ne wa tsenngwa mo go one ngwaga oo, mme seno sa dira gore maatla a motlakase wa seteišene seno a nne di-megawatt di le makgolo a mararo le masome a mane le bosupa (347 (465,335 hp). Francis turbine-generator ya bone e agilwe ke Alstom, Andritz Hydro le Concor mme ya tsenngwa tirisong ka kgwedi ya Moranang e thola botlhano ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012).<ref>Catherine Sasman (6 April 2012). [https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=95824&page=archive-read "Ruacana fourth turbine commissioned".] ''The Namibian''. Windhoek. Retrieved 6 May 2020</ref> Seteišene sa motlakase se kwa tlase ga lefatshe gaufi le botlase jwa diphororo. <ref name=":1" /> == Motswedi wa Metsi == Metsi a seteišene sa motlakase a bolokilwe mo Letamong la Calueque mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a mabedi le bone (24 (15 mi) kwa godimo ga Phororo ya Ruacana go bapa le Noka ya Kunene kwa Calueque, Angola. Merwalela e le mmalwa e e kwa godimo ga noka e thusa go laola Noka ya Kunene go dira gore madirelo a motlakase a bereke sentle. Kwa godimo ga noka go na le Letamo la Gove kwa bophirima-bogare jwa Angola, fa Letamo la Olushandja - mo nokeng ya Kunene, Noka ya Etaka - e le kwa Namibia.<ref>C. Michael Hogan. P. Saundry & C. Cleveland (ed.)[http://www.eoearth.org/article/Kunene_River?topic=78166 . "Kunene River".] Washington, DC: Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment.</ref> == Metswedi == 03yhspeylbfshfmn0ubr0m8a9lspwsm 0 13885 51303 2026-06-22T19:33:05Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA Lom Pangar 51303 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Lom Pangar''' ke letamo le le nang le karolo ya letamo la bokete jwa bogare le le ntseng le agiwa mo Nokeng ya Lom e e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a robabobedi le bobedi (88 (55 mi) bokone jwa Bertoua kwa Kgaolong ya Botlhaba jwa Cameroon. E bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le nne (4 (2.5 mi) kwa tlase ga noka ya Lom fa e kopanelang le noka ya Pangar le dikilometara di le lesome le boraro(13 (8.1 mi) kwa godimo ga noka ya Lom fa e kopanelang le noka ya Sanaga. Boikaelelo jwa letamo leno ke go tlhagisa motlakase ka metsi le go laola metsi a a elelang mo nokeng ya Sanaga. E ka tswa e le karolo ya letamo le legolo le le thologang mo Sanaga.<ref>[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/0,,contentMDK:23354755~pagePK:146736~piPK:226340~theSitePK:258644,00.html "PROJECT Lom Pangar Hydropower Project"]. World Bank. Retrieved 18 February 2014.</ref> == Tlamelo ya madi le tlhabololo == African Development Bank e ntshitse kadimo ya US$71.1 million mo porojekeng ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011).<ref>[http://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2012/08/work-begins-on-cameroons-30-mw-lom-pangar.html "Work begins on Cameroon's 30-MW Lom Pangar"]. ''HydroWorld''. 15 August 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2014</ref> Banka ya Lefatshe e ne ya amogela kadimo ya US$132 million ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012), mme Tautona wa Cameroon, Paul Biya, o ne a baya letlapa la motheo la letamo ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e thola gararo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012).<ref>[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:23153690~pagePK:34370~piPK:34424~theSitePK:4607,00.html "World Bank Approves Cameroon's Lom Pangar Dam Project to Boost Economic Growth and Provide More Reliable Power for Up to Five Million People"]. ''World Bank''. 27 March 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2014</ref>European Investment Bank e dumetse kadimo ya US$39 million ka Diphalane wa ngwaga oo.<ref>[http://www.esi-africa.com/eib-to-fund-cameroon-s-lom-pangar-hydro-project/ "EIB to fund Cameroon's Lom Pangar hydro project".] ESI-Africa. 4 October 2012. Retrieved 18 February 2014.</ref>China International Water & Electric Corporation e aga letamo le madirelo a motlakase. Letamo le le neng le tla faposa noka go dikologa motheo wa letamo le ne la wediwa ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro (2013).<ref>[http://www.businessincameroon.com/infrastructures/2407-4197-successful-water-bypass-at-lom-pangar-dam "Successful Water Bypass at Lom Pangar Dam"]. ''Business in Cameroon''. 24 July 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2014.</ref>Porojeke e weditswe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017).<ref>[http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/Cameroon%20-%20AR%20-%20Lom-Pangar%20Hydroelectric%20Project%20(Final).pdf "Lom-Pangar Hydroelectric Project"] (PDF). ''African Development Fund''. World Bank. Retrieved 18 February 2014.</ref> == Metswedi == ctxknqp3d4h94or3mqspfcsjax38ga6 0 13886 51304 2026-06-22T19:38:03Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA MAGA 51304 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Maga''' ke letamo le le kwa borwa jwa [[Letsha la Chad]] kwa lefatsheng la [[Cameroon]], gaufi le molelwane wa lefatshe la [[Chad]]. == Ditso == E ne ya agiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabongwe (1979). Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone(1994) go ne ga simololwa thulaganyo ya tekeletso ya go gelela metsi mangwe gape mo lefelong le le tletseng ka merwalela. Matswela a go bo letamo leno le kgoromeletsa metsi a mantsi kwa thoko a amile thata batho ba ba nnang kwa mafelong a a kwa tlase ga noka. Letamo la Maga le ntse le dirwa dipatlisiso tse di tswelelang tsa tikologo tse di supang gore go fetolwa ga metsi, a a neng a dirisiwa e le a a neng a tsena ka tlholego mo dikgaolong tse di kwa tlase ga noka, e ne e le sone selo sa konokono se se bakileng gore L[[etsha la Chad]] le fokotsege. qi4o1lwvok227jink7w58axbuuaxu3b 0 13887 51305 2026-06-22T19:45:14Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Lefelo la motlakase wa metsi la Song Loulou 51305 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lefelo la Motlakase wa metsi la Song Loulou''' ke lefelo la motlakase wa metsi la Noka ya Sanaga kwa lefatsheng la Cameroon. E kgona go tlhagisa motlakase wa dimekawate di le makgolo a mararo le masome a robabobedi le bone (384 (515 000 hp), e leng maatla a a lekaneng go naya malapa a feta 257 100 motlakase. lefelo la motlakase la Song Loulou le agilwe go le fa godimo ga seteishene se sengwe sa motlakase; seteishene sa motlakase sa Edea. Go farologana lelefelo la motlakase la Edea le letona la sone e leng go sila aluminiamo mo lefelong le le bapileng le sone,lefelo la motlakase la Song Loulou le letona la sone ke go fetlha motlakase mo magaeng le mo madirelong a mangwe a a kwa borwa jwa lefatshe. m91youhzi1l26a8pyo22evwwprbs5gi 0 13888 51306 2026-06-22T19:55:52Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA Barragem de Poilão 51306 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barragem de Poilão''' ke letamo le le leng kwa karolong e e kwa botlhaba ya setlhaketlhake sa Santiago, [[Cape Verde]], mo palamenteng ya São Lourenço dos Órgãos. E kgabaganya noka ya Ribeira Seca, e leng noka e kgolo go di feta tsotlhe mo setlhaketlhakeng seno.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231223094529/http://www.islhagua.itccanarias.org/c/document_library/get_file?p_l_id=40532&folderId=64820&name=DLFE-1606.pdf "Controlo de Vulnerabilidade dos Aquíferos Costeiros das Bacias Hidrográficas"] (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-12-23. Retrieved 2018-08-29.</ref>Letsha leno, le le dirisediwang go nosetsa, le fa gare ga metse ya Poilão le Levada. Bokone jwa letamo ke tsela ya bosetšhaba go tswa João Teves go ya Achada Fazenda (EN1-ST03). == Dintlha tse di rileng == Letamo leno la ditena le ne la wediwa ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ngwaga dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006). Boleele jwa yone jo bo kwa godimo ke sekete, makgolo a mabedi le masome a mararo le botlhano 1,235 m, mme bogolo jwa yone jo bo kwa godimo ke lesome le bosupa (17 ha). Bogodimo jwa yone ke dimetara di le lekgolo le lesome le borobabobedi go tswa mo bogodimong jwa lewatle, mme boteng jwa yone kwa letamong ke dimetara di le lesome le borobabobedi. Bogolo jwa yone ke 1.2×106 m3 (42×106 cu ft). Setlhaketlhake seno se na le tlelaemete e e omeletseng mme ka dinako tse dingwe go na le dipula tsa matsorotsoro. Tseno di dira gore go rwalwe selekanyo se segolo sa sediment mo letamong mme patlisiso e fitlhetse gore magareng ga ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006) le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro (2013), bokgoni jwa go boloka letamo bo fokoditswe ka halofo.<ref>A. Araújo; R. Hernandez; R. Fonseca; J. Matos (2014). [https://web.archive.org/web/20151231191619/http://www.lneg.pt/download/9615/1_2850_ART_CG14_ESPECIAL_II.pdf "Estimating sedimentation rate on Poilão Dam (Santiago Island, Cape Verde)"] (PDF). ''Comunicações Geológicas''. '''101'''. ISSN 0873-948X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-12-31. Retrieved 2018-08-29.</ref> ie7a3iw0jxwvt4hv6i8g7cqbiysgozm 0 13889 51308 2026-06-23T05:53:40Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Bam 51308 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lac de Bam MS 2553.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Bam]] '''Letsha la Bam''' le gaufi le toropo ya [[Kongoussi,]] kwa [[Burkina Faso]]. Letsha leno le ntse le kgala ka iketlo, mme seno se tsenya temothuo, ditlhapi le go nosa dikgomo tsa motse o o fa gaufi mo kotsing. Letsha leno le ne la tlhophiwa go nna [[lefelo la Ramsar]] go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe.<ref>[https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1880 "Lac Bam"]. ''[[:en:Ramsar_Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service''. Retrieved 25 April 2018.</ref> == Metswedi == qy2jaffbx6hj76l7okfs97b5pr4w5lg 0 13890 51309 2026-06-23T06:00:27Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Dem 51309 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lac de Dem MS 2586.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Dem, fa le bonwa go tswa kwa lotshitshing lo lo kafa botlhaba]] '''Letsha la Dem''' ke letsha le lennye kwa bokone jwa [[Burkina Faso]], le le kwa bokone jwa [[Kaya]], borwa jwa Sahel Reserve le borwabotlhaba jwa [[Letsha la Bam]]. E elela mo [[White Volta]]. <ref />E boleele jwa dikilometara di le tlhano le bophara jwa dikilometara tse pedi . E botelele jwa dimetara di le makgolo a mararo le bone (997 feet).<ref>[http://www.indexmundi.com/zl/uv/20.htm Burkina Faso Lakes"]. Index Mundi. 2006. Retrieved 24 February 2010.</ref>Letsha le ne la tlhophiwa jaaka lefelo la Ramsar go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe .<ref>[https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1882 "Lac Dem".] ''[[:en:Ramsar_Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service''. Retrieved 25 April 2018.</ref> == Metswedi == ibz4lurf2d5o5kjqa9v861c6zx95eta 0 13891 51310 2026-06-23T06:09:26Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Higa 51310 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Higa''' ke letsha le lennye le le kwa botlhaba jwa [[Burkina Faso]], gaufi le molelwane wa [[Niger]]. E elela mo [[Babangou,]] e e elelang mo [[Niger]]. <ref>Mepham, Robert; R. H. Hughes; J. S. Hughes (1992). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA316 ''A directory of African wetlands''.] [[:en:IUCN|IUCN]]. p. 316. ISBN 2-88032-949-3</ref>E na le botona jwa diekere tse makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi .<ref name=":0">[http://www.indexmundi.com/zl/uv/20.htm Burkina Faso Lakes"]. Index Mundi. 2006. Retrieved 13 March 2010.</ref> E botelele jwa dimetara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a supa le bongwe (889 feet).<ref name=":0" /> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe lefelo le le dikologileng Letsha la Higa le ne la tsenngwa mo Lenaaneng la Ramsar la mafelo a a nang le metsi a a botlhokwa mo lefatsheng lotlhe. <ref>Kibata, Cynthia (1 October 2009). [http://www.ramsar.org/cda/ramsar/display/main/main.jsp?zn=ramsar&cp=1-26-45-84^24099_4000_0__ "Twelve new Ramsar sites in Burkina Faso"]. [[:en:Ramsar_Convention|Ramsar Convention]]. Retrieved 13 March 2010</ref> == Metswedi == kqi6hi8c2czof5owrilhas685k79a75 0 13892 51311 2026-06-23T06:17:29Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Kompienga 51311 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Kompiengastausee MS1107.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Kompienga]] '''Letsha la Kompienga''' ke letsha le le mo [[kgaolwaneng ya Kompienga]] kwa borwabotlhaba jwa [[Burkina Faso]]. [[Letamo la Kompienga]] le ne la agiwa ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi go dira letsha ka mabaka a itsholelo. Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le botlhano , baitseanape ba dipalopalo tsa batho ba ne ba bonela pele gore go agiwa ga letamo la Kompienga le letsha go ne go tla tlisa koketsego ya bokana ka 15% ya go fudugela mo lefelong le magareng ga ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le botlhano le sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe, 15% magareng ga ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le botlhano, le 8% magareng ga 1995 le ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi ka mabaka a itsholelo. <ref>[http://www.unu.edu/unupress/food2/uin08e/uin08e0g.htm Burkina Faso Case Study] [https://web.archive.org/web/20101024175811/http://www.unu.edu/unupress/food2/uin08e/uin08e0g.htm Archived] 2010-10-24 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], UNU, Retrieved on June 17, 2008</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo go dirwa ga letsha le letamo go ne ga nna le ditlamorago mo metseng mengwe e e neng e le gaufi le lekadiba e e neng e khurumeditswe gotlhelele kgotsa bontlhanngwe jwa yone ke letsha le le dirilweng ke letamo. == Metswedi == 8u7cvwbv09q58se66mze4rt4ahyuh7m 0 13893 51312 2026-06-23T06:24:42Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Fitri 51312 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:ISS-30 Lake Fitri, Chad.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Fitri]] '''Letsha la Fitri''' ke letsha la metsi a a seng boteng mo bogareng jwa [[Chad|Chad,]] le le mo kgaolong ya [[Sahel]] e e ka nnang dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo kwa botlhaba jwa [[N'Djamena.]] Lefelo leno le ile la tlhophiwa go nna Lefelo la Metsi le le Botlhokwa mo Lefatsheng Lotlhe go ya ka [[Tumalano ya Ramsar.]] == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == Bogolo jo bo tlwaelegileng jwa letsha leno ke diheketara di ka nna dikete tse masome a matlhano, le fa gone bo ka oketsega gararo mo dingwageng tse di nang le pula e ntsi. E fepiwa ke dipula tsa setlha le go elela go tswa mo lefelong le le lekanyeditsweng go nna 70,000 km2 (27,000 sq mi). Noka e tona e e di fepang ke [[Noka ya Batha]] e e tlisang metsi go tswa kwa Ouaddai go ya kwa bophirima. Fela jaaka letsha le lengwe la Chad, e leng [[Letsha la Chad]], ga le tlhole le le letona jaaka pele. Letsha leno le gantsi le nnang le ntse le le teng le ka nna la omelela ka dinako tsa komelelo e e masisi, jaaka fa go ne ga direga kwa tshimologong ya lekgolo la bo masome a mabedi la dingwaga le gape ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone/botlhano. == Lefelo le le Botlhokwa la Dinonyane == Letsha le ne la tlhophiwa go nna lefelo le le botlhokwa la dinonyane (IBA) ke [[BirdLife International]] ka gonne le tshegetsa palo e e botlhokwa ya di-white-faced le di-fulvous whistling-ducks, di-ferruginous ducks, di-garganeys, di-pintails tsa bokone, di-cranes tse di nang le serwalo se sentsho, di-spoonbills tsa Aforika le di-squacco heron. <ref>[https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/lake-fitri-iba-chad "Lake Fitri".] ''BirdLife Data Zone''. BirdLife International. 2024. Retrieved 2024-10-30.</ref> == Metswedi == eeb5dlvrllnnyxnqzx7fxmt6mc83cwv 0 13894 51313 2026-06-23T06:27:50Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Batha 51313 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Batha''' ke [[noka ya nakwana]] kwa [[Chad]]. Fela jaaka go ntse ka dinoka le matsha a mangwe mo kgaolong eno, go nna gone ga one go ikaegile ka selekanyo sa pula e e nang. Noka eno e elela kwa Letsheng la Fitri kwa Chad. Noka ya Batha e rwala metsi go ya kwa bophirima go tswa kwa dithabeng tsa Ouaddaï ka dinako tsa dipula, gantsi ka nako ya merwalela ya tshoganyetso. <ref>[http://countrystudies.us/chad/15.htm Country studies]</ref> == Metswedi == d5cjc652blj3b4s6d28bngr9kyiblv5 0 13895 51314 2026-06-23T06:34:15Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Iro 51314 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Iro Lake 2021-07-16 Sentinel-2 L2A True color.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Iro]] '''Letsha la Iro''' (French: Lac Iro) ke letsha le le tlhagelelang mo [[kgaolong ya Moyen-Chari]] mo borwabotlhaba jwa [[Chad]]. E fepa ka dikgwedi tsa selemo le tsa letlhabula go tswa mo letsogong le le kafa botlhaba la Bahr Salamat, e e kgaoganyang dikilometara di le supa go ya kwa borwabophirima jwa letsha leno. Letsha leno le dikilometara di ka nna lekgolo kwa bokone jwa molelwane wa [[Central African Republic]]. E batla e le kgolokwe, e boleele jwa dikilometara di le lesome le botlhano le bophara jwa dikilometara di le lesome le motso. Ka paka ya komelelo e ka omelela gotlhelele. Go ne go belaelwa gore khuti eno ke masalela a khuti ya thulo. <ref>James B. Garvin (1986). [http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc1986/pdf/1128.pdf POSSIBLE IMPACT STRUCTURES IN CENTRAL AFRICA]</ref><ref>W. Reimold & C. Koeberl (2014). [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1464343X1400017X Impact structures in Africa: A review,] Journal of African Earth Sciences, Volume 93, May 2014, Pages 57–175.</ref> == Metswedi == 4o5j39msjjnt70jji77snzxn028d2hw 0 13896 51315 2026-06-23T06:41:57Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Lere 51315 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Lere and Lake Trene.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Léré kafa molemeng le Letsha la Tréné kafa mojeng le Léré fa gare]] '''Letsha la Léré''' ke letsha le le mo [https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&dq=A+directory+of+African+wetlands+lake+lere&pg=PA335 kgaolong ya Mayo-Kebbi Ouest] kwa borwabophirima jwa [[Chad]] mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le 6 kwa botlhaba jwa molelwane le [[Cameroon]]. E fepiwa ke [[Mayo Kébbi]] e e tswang gaufi le Léré e e leng letsha le lennye la Tréné. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&dq=A+directory+of+African+wetlands+lake+lere&pg=PA335 A directory of African wetlands]</ref> == Metswedi == if71bhs9c03mejcxhzlp1v7zmmmgay1 0 13897 51316 2026-06-23T06:48:01Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Tokwane #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51316 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Tokwane''' ke noka e e kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>[https://www.google.com/books/edition/Civil_Engineering/_-wRAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=%22Tokwane%20River%22%20-wikipedia ''Civil Engineering''.] South African Institution of Civil Engineers. 1993. p. 23.</ref> Ke motswedi o mogolo wa [[noka ya Tokwe]]. Ka ngwaga wa 1991, kompone ya Hippo Valley and Triangle e ne ya aga mosele mo nokeng kwa borwa jwa Masvingo go oketsa metswedi ya metsi ya kgaolo eo.<ref>Mlambo, A. S.; Pangeti, E. S. (1996). ''T[https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Political_Economy_of_the_Sugar_Indus/F5-zAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=%22Tokwane%20River%22%20-wikipedia he Political Economy of the Sugar Industry in Zimbabwe, 1920-90]''[https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Political_Economy_of_the_Sugar_Indus/F5-zAAAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0&bsq=%22Tokwane%20River%22%20-wikipedia .] University of Zimbabwe Publications. pp. 52, 83. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-908307-43-2|<bdi>978-0-908307-43-2</bdi>.]]</ref> == Metswedi == grkb52oyqigwk2dxttp3j6ril3r98u1 0 13898 51317 2026-06-23T06:53:51Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Yoa 51317 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lac Yoa2.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Yoa]] '''Letsha la Yoa''' ke letsha le le itsegeng thata e bile e le la bobedi ka bogolo mo matsheng a Ounianga, e leng metseletsele ya matsha a a mo kgaolong ya Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa [[Chad]]. E kwa Ounianga Kebir e e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a mane kwa bophirima jwa Ounianga Sarir. Matsha ano ke masalela a letsha le legolo thata le le neng le le mo lekadibeng leno ka nako ya motlhaba wa Afrika, o o tsereng dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a matlhano go ya go sekete le makgolo a matlhano pele ga motlha wa gompieno. Ga jaana go na le matsha a le lesome le botlhano mo lekadibeng le le nang le bogodimo jwa dikilometara di le masome a mabedi tsa sekwere. <ref>[http://ramsar.wetlands.org/Portals/15/CHAD.pdf ramsar.wetlands.org p.14] Archived 2012-09-24 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> == Go fetoga ga tlelaemete == Bosheng jaana letsha la Yoa le ne la simolola go kgatlhegelwa thata ke batho ba ba ithutang ka maemo a bosa a lefatshe fa setlhopha se se eteletsweng pele ke [[Stefan Kröpelin]] wa sekolo se setona sa Cologne, se ne se bona leswe le le neng le le kwa tlase ga letsha leno. E re ka Letsha la Yoa le sa bolo go nna teng go tloga ka Motlha wa Metsi, metsi a lone a ile a sireletsa dithotobolo tse di kgobokaneng kwa tlase gore di se ka tsa gogolwa ke metsi le go phatlalala. Fa Kröpelin le badirikaene ba sena go sekaseka mmudula o o neng o bolokilwe mo boalong jwa letsha leno, ba ne ba swetsa ka gore go fetoga go tswa mo sekgweng go ya kwa sekakeng mo kgaolong ya Letsha la Yoa go diragetse ka bonya ka bonya, go na le dinako tse ka tsone go neng go na le sekgwa se se kitlaneng le bojang pele ga go nna sekaka se se kitlaneng. Tshwetso eno e farologana le tiro e e dirilweng ke Peter deMenocal wa Sekolo se setona sa Columbia le badirimmogo le ene, ba ka nna sekete ba neng ba epa sediment e e mo lewatleng gaufi le lotshitshi lo lo kwa bophirima lwa Mauritania. Ka ntlha ya selekanyo sa lerole mo bogareng jono, deMenocal le bakwadi-mmogo le ene ba ne ba swetsa ka gore maemo a sekaka a ne a nna teng ka bonako, mo lobakeng lwa makgolo a sekae a dingwaga. <ref>Chang, Kenneth (May 9, 2008). [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/09/science/09sahara.html?_r=1&ref=science "Shift From Savannah to Sahara Was Gradual, Research Suggests"]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved 2009-08-28.</ref> Dipharologano tse di fa gare ga dipego tseno tse pedi ga di gakgamatse fa go akanngwa ka go farologana ga tshedimosetso e e sekasekilweng. Bogare jwa lewatle bo emela se tota e leng patlisiso e kgolo ya karolo yotlhe e e kwa bokone ya lefatshe la Afrika fa tshedimosetso ya Letsha la Yoa e tla sekaseka maemo ka tsela e e kgethegileng mo mafelong a a kwa borwa le bophirima jwa lone, a a neng a tlamela ka tshedimosetso ya diphefo tse di maatla tsa motlha wa Holocene pele di kgabaganya Letsha la Yoa. Go ka direga gore, Afrika Bokone e ne ya nna e omelela ka bonako le ka kakaretso, le gore, mo mafelong a a rileng, go fetoga ga naga sekaka go ne ga direga ka iketlo ka ntlha ya diphetogo tsa ikholoji. (Ranson, 2008) Pego ya bobedi le yone ga e a ka ya tsaya tsia sekgala sa lewatle la Lake Yoa le Lewatle la Atlantic, e leng sekgala sa dikilometara di feta sekete. == Metswedi == 9insvmuk1jgjhsk441vvfsr0xhdwbo3 0 13899 51318 2026-06-23T06:55:11Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Manjirenji #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51318 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Manjirenji''', le pele le neng le itsege ka leina la '''letšha la McDougal''', le kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa [[Zimbabwe]], kwa botlhaba jwa [[Masvingo]]. Le agetswe go isa metsi a a nosetsang kwa masimong a kwa borwa-bophirima, gaufi le toropo ya [[Chiredzi]], kwa sejalo segolo e leng ntšhe ya sukiri ya letlhaka (sugar cane).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130618091623/http://www.zinwa.co.zw/htm/manjirenji.htm "Manjirenji Dam".] [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zimbabwe_National_Water_Authority&action=edit&redlink=1 Zimbabwe National Water Authority]. Archived from the original on 18 June 2013. Retrieved 23 June 2026</ref> Letšha le tikologo ya lone di sireleditswe ka leina la Manjirenji Dam Recreational Park. == Metswedi == hayid43a677wec2ak8fvdg26pqxkg89 0 13900 51319 2026-06-23T07:00:29Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya noka ya Chiredzi #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51319 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Save Basin OSM.svg|thumb|Kgampu ya noka ya Save le Chiredzi (kwa tlage fa gare)]] '''Noka ya Chiredzi''' ke noka e e kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa [[Zimbabwe]]. Ke motswedi wa [[noka ya Runde]], e kganetswe ke [[letamo la Manjirenji]], le le bonwang e le lefelo le le bokgola la botlhokwa.<ref>Matiza, T.; Crafter, S. A., eds. (1994). "Wetlands in Zimbabwe: an overview". ''Wetlands ecology and priorities for conservation in Zimbabwe: proceedings of a seminar on wetlands ecology and priorities for conservation in Zimbabwe''. IUCN. pp. 1–20. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-0202-5|<bdi>978-2-8317-0202-5</bdi>.]]</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Chiredzi]] * [[Kgaolo ya Chiredzi]] == Metswedi == rzfmpsse5ws9b94ivjwr8q0xa8owgdl 0 13901 51320 2026-06-23T07:43:03Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Ngondoma #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Letamo la Ngondoma|image_name=Ngondoma Dam Spillway Aug 18, 2014.jpg|caption=Tselana e e ntshang metsi kwa Ngondoma, Phatwe 2014|image_map=Zimbabwe relief location map.svg|map_caption=Letamo la Ngondoma kwa Zimbabwe|location=Moepo wa Empress, kgaolo ya Kwekwe, [[Zimbabwe]]}} '''Letamo la Ngondoma''' ke letamo le le kwa [[Noka ya Ngondoma|nokeng ya Ngondoma]] dimithara di le makgolo a matlhano kwa bophirima jwa toropo ya Empress Mine kwa kgaolong ya Midlands kwa [[Zimbabwe]]. Letamo le dikhilomithara di le masome a marataro le bosupa kwa bokone bophirima jwa Kwekwe, di le masome a matlhano le bone kwa borwa-bophirima jwa Kadoma (ka sefofane).<ref>[https://www.geonip.com/geolocation/ngondoma-dam-midlands-zimbabwe/7394828 "Geonip - Ngondoma Dam".] ''geonip.com''.</ref> Lefatshe la Zhombe le kwa botlhaba jwa letamo, fa la Kgosi Chisina, Gokwe le le kwa bophirima. Letamo le ke la kgaolo ya Kwekwe kwa botlhaba jwa Zhombe, gape ke lengwe la matamo a a sekete, makgolo a marataro, le masome a mabedi mo Midlands. Matamo a a mo kgaolong e a dira 17% wa matamo otlhe a kwa Zimbabwe,<ref>[https://www.fao.org/4/w7560e/w7560e02.htm "Table 2.6 Distribution of dams by province".] FAO Document Repository. Retrieved 23 June 2026</ref> a okametswe ke ZINWA (Zimbabwe National Water Authority). == Tse di diragetseng pele == Letamo la Ngondoma<ref>[https://www.fao.org/4/w7560e/w7560e02.htm "Table 2.3 Major dams in Zimbabwe".] ''FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department''. Retrieved 23 June 2026</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151208061721/https://business.highbeam.com/542/article-1G1-89514503/dams-hydro-plants "Ngondoma Dam 1967"]. ''International Water Power & Dam Construction''. January 1, 2002. Archived from [https://business.highbeam.com/542/article-1G1-89514503/dams-hydro-plants the original] on December 8, 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2026</ref> le agilwe ka 1967 go isa metsi kwa moepong wa nickel wa Empress le go nosetsa mo porojekeng ya Ngondoma Irrigation Scheme ka 1968. Le isa metsi a dimithara di le dikete di le makgolo a robabongwe kwa porojekeng e ya puso ka ngwaga.<ref name=":0">"A Study to determine water demand management in Southern Africa: the Zimbabwean experience". [[:en:CiteSeerX_(identifier)|CiteSeerX]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230211035148/https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.196.2228 10.1.1.196.2228.]</ref> == Go bereka ga lone == Sekgwa sa Mapfungautsi kwa Gokwe ke sone kgampu ya boremelelo e e bayang metsi a a elelang mo metsweding ya noka ya Ngondoma. Noka ya Ngondoma e na le metswedi e le meraro - o mongwe o kwa go neng go itsege ka leina la lefatshe la Ngondoma Crown,<ref>University of Witwatersrand Institute of Advanced Social Research Seminar Paper, 26 May 1997</ref> kwa borwa-bophirima jwa Mapfungautsi Plateau kwa kgaolong ya Gokwe, wa bobedi go tswa kwa nokeng ya Chikombera kwa ntlheng ya Gokwe, wa boraro go tswa kwa nokeng ya Chebechebe kwa ntlheng ya Zhombe. Dinoka tsa Chikombera le Chebechebe tsotlhe e ne e le metswedi ya noka ya Ngondoma, letamo le agilwe kwa bokopanong jwa tsone. == Seretse == Seelo sa letamo la Ngondoma fa le agiwa e ne e le dimithara di le didikadike di supa, se lekane go isa metsi kwa go ba ba a a nwang. Seretse se ama seelo sa letamo, mme ga go ise go itemogelwe tlhaelo ya metsi epe. Letamo la Ngondoma ke le leagilweng ka mmu, le na le mafaratlhatlha a dikgoro a a seng thata kwa bophirima jwa lebotana la letamo. Le na le tsela ya go tsholola metsi a a fetileng seelo e e sa laolweng ke batho. Banni bangwe ba metse e e gaufi le lone ba tlhagola lotshitshi lwa lone ba bo ba fudisa diruiwa tsa bone gaufi le lone se se bakang kgothego ya mu kwa godimo ga letamo, se se baka go kgobokana ga seretse. Go epa gouta mo go seng ka fa molaong bogolo jang kwa ntlheng ya Zhombe ya noka ya Ngondoma, le gone ke motswedi wa go kgobokana ga mmu le seretse. Letamo la Ngondoma le mo kgaolong ya temothuo ya [[Zimbabwe]], kwa pula ya ngwaga e ka nnang bokete jwa dimilimithara di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a matlhano. Ka jalo go nosetsa ke peeletso e e botlhokwa mo kgaolong eo. Go okamela kgothego ya mmu kwa godimo go a tlhaela, ka jalo go kokoana ga seretse kwa lekadibeng la Ngondoma go dumelwa fa go santse go tlaa tswelela. Lekgotla le le okametseng tikologo la Environmental Management Authority (EMA) le tlhoka tirisano mmogo ya baagi le ba bangwe mo lefelong leo go thusa go fedisa bothata jo. Lekgotla la EMA le tsaya dikgato kgatlhanong le ba ba tlolang molao mo lotshitshing lwa noka.<ref>Elizabeth Tsuro (27 November 2015). [https://www.heraldonline.co.zw/ema-prosecutes-streambank-farmers/ "EMA prosecutes streambank farmers".] ''The Chronicle''. Retrieved 23 June 2026</ref> === Banwi ba metsi === Letamo le nosa batho le diruiwa. Kwa ntle ga porojeke ya go nosetsa, letamo le nosa moepo wa Empress, Columbina RSC, metse e e mo ntlheng ya Zhombe ya letamo le ntlha ya Gokwe. Baagi ba dirisa metsi a letamo go nosetsa ditshingwana tsa bone tsa morogo, go nosa loruo, go bopa ditena le tse dingwe tsa mo gae e le ka fa molaong kgotsa e se ka fa molaong. Makgotla a go tshwara ditlhapi le one a na le seabe sa one mo letamong la Ngondoma; le fa go ntse jalo, thuo ya ditlhapi ga e diriwe mo lefelong leo le ntswa mefuta ya ditlhapi e le mentsi e tshwerwe kgotsa e bonwe mo letamong le. == Ditlamorago mo tikologong == === Go sa dirise metsi a mosele sentle === Mo porojekeng ya nosetso ya Ngondoma, metsi a ya kwa porojekeng a tswa kwa letamong ka mosele o o bulegileng wa dikhilomithara di le botlhano le borobabobedi.<ref name=":0" /> Baagi bangwe ba tsaya metsi mo moseleng o e se ka fa molaong go bopa ditena le go nosetsa ditshingwana. Metsi a mangwe a tshologa mo ditshingwaneng tse a boela mo nokeng ya Ngondoma. Tiragalo e, e koafatsa go isiwa ga metsi kwa porojekeng,mme metsi a tswa mo letamong ka botlalo. === Go tshwara ditlhapi === Ka letamo la Ngondoma le le mo masimong, le letlelela go tshwarwa ga ditlhapi, batshwari ba ditlhapi bangwe ba ba seng ka fa molaong ba tshwara ditlhapi phetelelela mo ba feditseng ditlhapi mo lekadibeng la letamo le. == Dimela == Letamo la Ngondoma le dikaganyeditswe ke dimela tse di nonneng fa go lebelelwa dimela kwa Zimbabwe. Kwa botlhaba jwa letamo go nne le bontle jwa dimela di tshwana le Acacia amythethophylla, Mophane, Euphorbia hirta, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Albizia harveyi, Lantana camara, Senna singueana, Typha capensis le Bauhinia macrantha go bua di le mamlwa fela mo go tse di lekgolo, lesome le bobedi tse di kgobokantsweng ke Tessa Ball ka Ngwanatsele a robabongwe ngwaga wa 1996.<ref>[https://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/utilities/utility-display-records-by-person.php?person_id=3405 "Flora of Zimbabwe".] Retrieved 23 June 2026</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Toropo ya Empress Mine, Zimbabwe]] * [[Zhombe]] * [[Matamo mo Aforika]] == Metswedi == pd4phbi1n11m376u5le9n8d3xqvjw1n 0 13902 51322 2026-06-23T07:47:48Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Guinas 51322 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Guinas lake 2015 01.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Guinas]] '''Letsha la Guinas''' ke lone le legolo mo matsheng a le mabedi fela a tlholego a a nnelang ruri kwa [[Namibia]]. Ke letsha la mosima, le le tlhodilweng ke go thubega ga legaga la karst, <ref>Irish, John (1991). "Conservation aspects of karst waters in Namibia". ''Madoqua''. '''17''' (2): 141–146.</ref> le le dikilometara di le masometharo le borobabobedi kwa bophirima jwa [[Tsumeb]], gaufi le tsela ya D3043. Letsha la Guinas ke legae la Tilapia guinasana, mofuta wa ditlhapi tsa cichlid tse di leng mo kotsing ya go nyelela, tse di tlholegang fela mo letsheng leno, mme ka nako nngwe di ne tsa tsenngwa mo letsheng la kgaitsadie Guinas, Letsha la Otjikoto, mmogo le mo matamong a le mmalwa a dipolase a a gaufi.<ref name=":0">''[http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/full/63354/0 Tilapia guinasana]'' The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Tilapia guinasana</ref> Go bolelwa gore letsha la Guinas le golagane le [[letsha la Otjikoto]] ka dikhuti mme ga go ise go supiwe jalo. <ref name=":0" /> Letsha leno le mo lefatsheng la polasi ya motho mme motho a ka kgona go le etela fa mong wa lone a mo letleletse. Letsha le dikhuti tsa lone tsa ka fa tlase ga metsi di ne tsa tlhatlhobiwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe ke koloi ya Sunfish ya ka fa tlase ga metsi. <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xz7IMf3cmgk ''Vickie Siegel Presenting 2019 Expedition to Dragon's Breath Cave, Namibia - March 4, 2020'',] retrieved 2022-03-19</ref> == Bogolo == Letsha le ka nna boleele jwa dimetara di le makgolo a mararo le bophara jwa dimetara di le lekgolo le masome a supa le botlhano gaufi le kwa tlase, ka boteng jo bo kwa godimo jwa dimetara di le lekgolo le masome a mararo le boraro.<ref>Orlando, Alex (3 February 2020). [https://www.discovermagazine.com/technology/this-ai-guided-drone-has-mapped-one-of-earths-deepest-subterranean-lakes "This AI-Guided Drone Has Mapped One of Earth's Deepest Subterranean Lakes".] ''www.discovermagazine.com''. Retrieved 22 December 2024.</ref> == Metswedi == 4k7e2sxs83nlinapln41jqfaien1ldc 0 13903 51323 2026-06-23T08:02:55Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Sebakwe #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51323 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Sebakwe''' ke letamo le le kwa kgaolong ya Midlands kwa [[Zimbabwe]]. Le agilwe ka 1957 e le la puso ya Zimbabwe. Le lebagane le [[noka ya Sebakwe]] kwa lefelong la Sanyati. Le na le seelo sa di megalithara di le makgolo a mabedi, masome a marataro le borataro, se se dira gore e nne lone letamo le letona go fetisa matamo otlhe a Zimbabwe. Le boleele jwa dikhilomithara di robabobedi, bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le pedi le botlhano; moalo wa lone o diheketara di le dikete pedi, makgolo a mararo, le masome a mabedi; lebotana la lone le dimithara di le masome a mane le bosupa go ya kwa godimo, le tse tharo ka boleele. == Tse di diragetseng pele == Le agilwe e le letangwana ka 1957, la tlhatlosiwa ka 1986.<ref>^{[https://www.zimparks.org/index.php/parks-overview/recreational/sebakwe%7CSebakwe "Info"]. ''zimparks.org''. Retrieved 23 June 2026}</ref><ref>[https://www.geocities.ws/karibaangling/mapsebak.html "Kariba Angling Society".] ''geocities.ws''. Retrieved 23 June 2026</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181024133911/http://www.cfuzim.org/~cfuzimb/images/damstat10314.pdf "State of Major Dams Report"] (PDF). Zimbabwe National Water Authority. Archived from [http://cfuzim.org/~cfuzimb/images/damstat10314.pdf the original] (PDF) on 24 October 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2026</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1957 letamo la Sebakwe e ne e le la bobedi ka botona kwa borwa jwa Rhodesia. Boleele jwa lone go ya kwa godimo ka nako eo e ne e le dimithara di le masome mane le bosupa, le le bophara jwa diheketara di le dikete pedi, makgolo a mararo le masome a mabedi ka seelo sa di galone di le dibilone di le masome mararo le botlhano.<ref>Polisensky, Diana (4 March 2011). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20210121023904/http://www.oncecalledhome.com/2011/03/a-contribution-not-etched-in-stone-2/ A Contribution Not Etched In Stone".] ''Once Called Home''. Archived from [https://www.oncecalledhome.com/2011/03/a-contribution-not-etched-in-stone-2/ the original] on 21 January 2021. Retrieved 23 June 2026</ref> == Go bereka ga lone == Le isa metsi kwa Kwekwe le Redcliff, gape a dirisiwa go nosetsa.<ref>[http://rhodesianheritage.blogspot.com/2011/01/rhodesias-dams.html "Rhodesia's Dams".] ''Our Rhodesian Heritage''. 9 January 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2026</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Noka ya Sebakwe]] * [[Moepo wa Gaika]] * [[Kwekwe]] == Metswedi == b6p0za30gounycrs7sbomg1eybp5x9n 0 13904 51324 2026-06-23T08:12:51Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letsha la Chivero #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51324 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letšha la Chivero''' (le pele le neng le bidiwa '''letsha la Mcllwaine''')<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367645263_Using_Landsat_satellite_imagery_to_monitor_the_spatial_and_temporal_dynamics_of_aquatic_weed_extent_in_Lakes_Chivero_and_Manyame_located_in_an_urban_catchment_of_Zimbabwe/fulltext/63d9b73bc465a873a2723b0a/Using-Landsat-satellite-imagery-to-monitor-the-spatial-and-temporal-dynamics-of-aquatic-weed-extent-in-Lakes-Chivero-and-Manyame-located-in-an-urban-catchment-of-Zimbabwe.pdf "Using Landsat satellite imagery to monitor the spatial and temporal dynamics of aquatic weed extent in Lakes Chivero and Manyame, located in an urban catchment of Zimbabwe"] (PDF). ''Water SA''. '''49''' (1 January): 47. 31 January 2023. doi:[https://watersa.net/index.php/watersa/en/article/view/15528 10.17159/wsa/2023.v49.i1.3950.]</ref> ke letangwana le le kwa nokeng ya Manyame kwa Zimbabwe. Le kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa [[Harare]], ke lone motswedi wa metsi wa boremelelo wa toropokgolo. Letsha le agiwle mo dingwageng di le pedi le sephatlo la bulwa semmuso ka 1952. Lebotana la letamo le dimithara di le makgolo mane ka boleele. Metsi a lone gape a dirisediwa go nosetsa le go tshwara ditlhapi ste di rekisiwang. Dingwe tsa ditlhapi tse di bonwang mo letsheng le di akaretsa grass carp, black bream, clarias gariepinus, yellowfish le green-headed bream. Letsha le tikologo ya lone di sireleditswe e le bontlha jwa Lake Chivero Recreational Park. Letsha le ne la neewa tlotla ya go nna mo metsweding ya metsi ya Ramsar e e botlhokwa mo lefatsheng ka bophara ka Firkgong a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa 2013.<ref>[https://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-documents-list-anno-zimbabwe/main/ramsar/1-31-218%5E26055_4000_0__ "The Annotated Ramsar List: Zimbabwe"]. The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Retrieved 23 June 2026</ref> Setlhaketlhake sa Remebrance ke setlhaketlhake se se potlana kwa letsheng le.<ref>[https://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/ GEOnet Names Server (GNS)]</ref> == Metswedi == 7q202jf9kwim4iqnf0wvnluy9vv9pp3 0 13905 51325 2026-06-23T08:15:18Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Otjikoto 51325 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Otjikoto Lake.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Otjikoto]] '''Letsha la Otjikoto''' ke lone letsha le lennye go a le mabedi fela a tlholego a a nnelang ruri kwa [[Namibia|Namibia.]] Ke letsha le le nang le diphatlha le le tlhodilweng ke go gosomana ga legaga la karst. <ref name=":0">Irish, John (1991). [https://web.archive.org/web/20131211021628/http://content.ajarchive.org/cdm4/doc_viewer.php?CISOROOT=%2F10115498&CISOPTR=516&CISOBOX=0 "Conservation aspects of karst waters in Namibia"]. ''Madoqua''. '''17''' (2): 141–146. Archived from [http://content.ajarchive.org/cdm4/doc_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/10115498&CISOPTR=516&CISOBOX=0 the original] on 11 December 2013. Retrieved 30 November 2013.</ref>E bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le lesome (12 mi) bokone-bophirima jwa Tsumeb le dimetara di le lekgolo fela go tswa mo tseleng e kgolo ya B1.<ref name=":0" /> Letsha leno le ne la dirwa segopodiso sa bosetšhaba ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bobedi . <ref name=":1">Voigt, Andreas (2004). [https://books.google.com/books?id=h0h0AAAAMAAJ ''National Monuments in Namibia: An Inventory of Proclaimed National Monuments in the Republic of Namibia''.] Gamsberg Macmillan. pp. 24–25. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9991605932|9991605932]]</bdi>.</ref> Bogare jwa letsha leno ke dimetara di le lekgolo le bobedi; go ya ka dipatlisiso tse di dirilweng, go dumelwa gore boteng jwa lone bo feta dimetara di le 91,44. Go ya ka mokgatlho wa tshedimosetso ya bojanala wa Namibia,<ref>[http://www.namibia-1on1.com/lake-otjikoto.html "Lake Otjikoto A Window Into The Past".] namibia-1on1.com. Retrieved 2012-06-06.</ref> "boteng bo farologana go tswa go dimetara di le masome a marataro le bobedi mo letlhakoreng go ya go dimetara di le lekgolo mo bogareng - mme mo mafelong a mangwe a a tswang mo letlhakoreng - boteng jwa dimetara di le lekgolo bo ne jwa begiwa", fa setlhogo se se mo Allgemeine Zeitung<ref>Springer, Marc (2009-05-27). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120528145219/http://www.az.com.na/tourismus/english-articles/descending-into-another-world-cave-diving-in-namibia.86352.php "Descending into another world: Cave diving in Namibia".] Allgemeine Zeitung. Archived from [http://www.az.com.na/tourismus/english-articles/descending-into-another-world-cave-diving-in-namibia.86352.php the original] on 2012-05-28. Retrieved 2012-06-06.</ref>se tlhalosa bothata jwa boteng: "Letsha leno le tsenelela mo thulaganyong ya dikhuti tse di ka fa letlhakoreng mme seo se dira gore go nne thata go bona boteng jwa lone jo bo nepagetseng, jo go fopholediwang gore ke dimetara di le lekgolo le masome a mane le bobedi". Letsha leno le ne le itsege mo bathong ba Ba-San ka leina la Gaisis ("le le maswe"). Fa Ba-Herero ba ne ba fudugela mo lefelong leno, ba ne ba le bitsa Otjikoto (Otjiherero: "molete o o boteng"). <ref>Heita, Desie (13 November 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105533/https://www.newera.com.na/2015/11/13/oshikoto-scores-big-development-budget/ "Oshikoto scores big in development budget".] ''[[:en:New_Era_(Namibia)|New Era]]''. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2015.</ref>Kgaolo ya Oshikoto ya Namibia, e letša le leng mo go yone, ke tsela e nngwe ya go peleta Otjikoto mme leina la yone le tswa mo letsheng leno. Ma-Yuropa a ntlha go etela letsha e ne e le Francis Galton le [[Carl Johan Andersson,]] bao ka nako ya go batla [[letsha la Ngami]] ba fitlhetse letsha la Otjikoto ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a matlhano le bongwe .<ref name=":2">[http://www.tourbrief.com/cms/?option=com_content&task=view&id=937 "Otjikoto Lake & Lake Guinas"]. tourbrief.com. Retrieved 18 February 2011.</ref> Letsha leno e ne e le lefelo la go latlhela matlakala la German Schutztruppe ka nako ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe I; ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le botlhano masole a Jeremane a ne a latlhela didiriswa tsa ntwa mo letsheng pele ba ineela go thibela masole a Afrika Borwa le a Boritane go di dirisa. Bontsi jwa dikarolwana tse dikgolo di ne tsa bonwa mme di bontshiwa kwa Musiamong wa Tsumeb, mme bonnye ditlhobolo di le pedi, mmogo le dithunya, di sa ntse di le mo letsheng<ref>''Monty Halls and the Kaiser's Gold'', Channel 5 (UK), 25 Nov 2013</ref> mme di ka bonwa ka tetla e e kgethegileng ya go thuma. Go ya ka ditlhamane, Bajeremane gape ba ne ba latlhela sephaphathi se se neng se tswaletswe mo letsheng. Go senka ga yone le dimaraka tsa gouta di le dimilione di le thataro tse go bolelwang gore e na le tsone ga go ise go atlege. <ref name=":2" /><ref>[http://www.montyhalls.co.uk/about-monty#am-tv-section "About Monty"]</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Otjikotosee.jpg|thumb|Letsha lotlhe]] Moitseanape wa dimela [[Kurt Dinter]] o ne a etela letsha leno ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le motso mme a kokoanya mefuta e le mmalwa ya dimela e e neng e sa itsiwe go fitlha ka nako eo, gareng ga tsone go ne go na le bojang jwa mofuta wa Rottboellia. <ref name=":1" />Tilapia guinasana, mofuta wa tlhapi ya cichlid e e bonwang fela mo letsheng la kgaitsadie Otjikoto, Lake Guinas, e ne ya tsenngwa mo Letsheng la Otjikoto.<ref>''[http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/full/63354/0 Tilapia guinasana]'' The [[:en:IUCN|IUCN]] Red List of Threatened Species: Tilapia guinasana</ref> Go bolelwa gore [[Letsha la Guinas]] le golagane le Letsha la Otjikoto ka dikhuti mme ga go ise go supiwe. <ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == 4h3s18rf8ld5lx624h5udx1p0uaj16e 0 13906 51326 2026-06-23T08:24:36Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Oponona 51326 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Oponona''' (Ndonga: one that swallowed up all the water) ke letsha la tlholego mo Uuvudhiya Constituency mo kgaolong ya Oshana kwa bokone jwa [[Namibia|Namibia.]] E bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le masome a supa go tswa kwa [[Etosha Pan]] mme ke letsha le legolo go a gaisa otlhe mo Cuvelai Basin. E boloka metsi go fitlha ka paka e e latelang ya dipula mo ngwageng o o humileng. E re ka letsha leno le boloka metsi ka lobaka lo loleele dinonyane di le dintsi tse di jaaka di-flamingo le tse dingwe di fudugela koo ka nakwana, fa di-oshanas (mabala a a nang le merwalela), mafelo a a nang le ditlhatshana le mafelo a mangwe a a nang le metsi a omeletse. <ref>Shigwedha, Absolom (7 January 2007). [http://www.namibian.com.na/indexx.php?archive_id=61370&page_type=archive_story_detail&page=2635 "Lake Oponona a Lifeline in the North".] ''The Namibian''. Retrieved 15 October 2013.</ref> Ka nako ya komelelo ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedu le lesome le bobedi/lesome le boraroletsha la Oponona le ne la fokotsega ka dimetara tse di fetang makgolo a matlhano ka ntlha ya diketekete tsa dikgomo tse di neng tsa fudusediwa koo go ya go nwa metsi. <ref>Shaanika, Helvy (30 August 2013). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130903021156/http://www.newera.com.na/features/stricken-cattle-threaten-lake/ "Stricken Cattle Threaten Lake".] ''[[:en:New_Era_(Namibia)|New Era]]''. Archived from the original on 3 September 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013</ref> Gape go na le Noka ya Oponona e e leng kwa motseng wa [[Oniizimba wa Kgaolo ya Ompundja]]. <ref>Shaanika, Helvy (30 March 2011). [http://allafrica.com/stories/201103300256.html "Massive Destruction in the North".] ''New Era''. Retrieved 30 November 2011.</ref> == Metswedi == qu3f3qvka63wfbuk5be322ix1xnd1zf 0 13907 51327 2026-06-23T08:26:50Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Odzi #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51327 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Save Basin OSM.svg|thumb|Kgampu ya [[Noka ya Save]] le noka ya Odzi (kwa godimo fa gare)]] '''Noka ya Odzi''' ke motswedi wa noka ya Save kwa [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>Lidén, R., Harlin, J. (2000). "Analysis of conceptual rainfall–runoff modelling performance in different climates". ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''238''' (3–4): 231–247. doi:[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169400003309?via%3Dihub 10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00330-9.]</ref> E kopana le nok ya Save kwa Nyanyadzi. E kganetswe ke [[letamo la Osborne]].<ref>Symphorian, G.R., Madamombe, E., van der Zaag, P. (2003). "Dam operation for environmental water releases; the case of Osborne dam, Save catchment, Zimbabwe". ''Physics and Chemistry of the Earth''. '''28''' (20–27): 985–993. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PCE....28..985S 2003PCE....28..985S.] doi:[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474706503001633?via%3Dihub 10.1016/j.pce.2003.08.012.]</ref> Noka ya Odzani ke motswedi wa Odzi o o elelelang kwa bophirima gaufi le Penhalonga kwa bokone jwa toropo ya [[Mutare]]. Matamo a Odzani le Smallbridge mo nokeng ya Odzani ke bontlha jwa mafaratlhatlha a metsi a toropo ya Mutare.<ref>"Zimbabwe Dam Safety Study". Policy Note 8, Zimbabwe Water Forum, November 2013. Accessed 12 April 2020[https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/809501468184169248/pdf/103626-BRI-P126703-PUBLIC-ZWF-8-Dam-Safety-Nov-2013.pdf <nowiki>.[1]</nowiki>]</ref> Letamo la Odzani, le agilwe ka 1967, le tlhamile letsha la Alexander. == Metswedi == 4gdxhrtveptt7nwyfve6lm7szqmjyiu 51328 51327 2026-06-23T08:27:41Z JudithShe 9421 Ke golagantse tsebe e le tse dingwe #AW2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51328 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Save Basin OSM.svg|thumb|Kgampu ya [[Noka ya Save]] le noka ya Odzi (kwa godimo fa gare)]] '''Noka ya Odzi''' ke motswedi wa [[noka ya Save]] kwa [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>Lidén, R., Harlin, J. (2000). "Analysis of conceptual rainfall–runoff modelling performance in different climates". ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''238''' (3–4): 231–247. doi:[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169400003309?via%3Dihub 10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00330-9.]</ref> E kopana le nok ya Save kwa Nyanyadzi. E kganetswe ke [[letamo la Osborne]].<ref>Symphorian, G.R., Madamombe, E., van der Zaag, P. (2003). "Dam operation for environmental water releases; the case of Osborne dam, Save catchment, Zimbabwe". ''Physics and Chemistry of the Earth''. '''28''' (20–27): 985–993. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PCE....28..985S 2003PCE....28..985S.] doi:[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1474706503001633?via%3Dihub 10.1016/j.pce.2003.08.012.]</ref> Noka ya Odzani ke motswedi wa Odzi o o elelelang kwa bophirima gaufi le Penhalonga kwa bokone jwa toropo ya [[Mutare]]. Matamo a Odzani le Smallbridge mo nokeng ya Odzani ke bontlha jwa mafaratlhatlha a metsi a toropo ya Mutare.<ref>"Zimbabwe Dam Safety Study". Policy Note 8, Zimbabwe Water Forum, November 2013. Accessed 12 April 2020[https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/809501468184169248/pdf/103626-BRI-P126703-PUBLIC-ZWF-8-Dam-Safety-Nov-2013.pdf <nowiki>.[1]</nowiki>]</ref> Letamo la Odzani, le agilwe ka 1967, le tlhamile letsha la Alexander. == Metswedi == mxnnmechapdrnffmldxv969xt08dj9n 0 13908 51331 2026-06-23T08:42:42Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Ncema #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Ncema|basin_countries=[[Zimbabwe]]}} '''Noka ya Ncema''' ke noka e e kwa [[Zimbabwe]]. Botshelo jwa ditshedi tse di mo metsing bo amilwe ke mercury o o mo nokeng.<ref>Mabhena, Clifford (2012). "Mining with a 'Vuvuzela': reconfiguring artisanal mining in Southern Zimbabwe and its implications to rural livelihoods". ''Journal of Contemporary African Studies''. '''30''' (2): 229. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02589001.2012.664416 10.1080/02589001.2012.664416.]</ref> Noka e na le dintlha tse pedi, Upper Ncema le Lower Ncema.<ref>Maviza, Auther; Ahmed, Fethi (2020). "Analysis of past and future multi-temporal land use and land cover changes in the semi-arid Upper-Mzingwane sub-catchment in the Matabeleland south province of Zimbabwe". ''International Journal of Remote Sensing''. '''41''' (14): 5208. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01431161.2020.1731001 10.1080/01431161.2020.1731001.]</ref> E na le lengwe la matamo a a agetsweng go nosa [[Bulawayo]] metsi. Noka ya Ncema ke motswedi wa [[noka ya Mzingwane]]. == Metswedi == 70ehz7ypqlvcl0znn327ub8ow2v2b28 0 13909 51332 2026-06-23T08:45:36Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Inyankuni #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Inyankuni|basin_countries=[[Zimbabwe]]}} '''Noka ya Inyankuni''' ke noka e e kwa [[Zimbabwe]]. Ke motswedi wa [[noka ya Mzingwane]]. Noka e, e amilwe ke ditiro tsa meepo tse di seng ka fa molaong.<ref>[https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/feature/2003/12/10/illegal-mining-health-and-environmental-crisis "Illegal mining a health and environmental crisis".] ''www.thenewhumanitarian.org''. 10 December 2003. Retrieved 23 June 2026</ref> == Metswedi == jeuf267g9v09xwcil9hcf3oiqb0v6du 0 13910 51333 2026-06-23T08:52:43Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Lefelo la motlakase wa metsi la Beles 51333 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lefelo la motlakase wa metsi la Beles,''' se ka dinako dingwe se bidiwang Beles II kgotsa Tana Beles, ke seteišene sa motlakase sa metsi se se tsamayang mo nokeng <ref>1Q. Goor; C. Halleux; Y. Mohamed; A. Tilmant (July 6, 2010). [https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci-discuss.net/7/4331/2010/hessd-7-4331-2010-print.pdf "Optimal operation of a multipurpose multireservoir system in the Eastern Nile River Basin"] (PDF). Copernicus Publications. p. 4356 (10). Retrieved 30 November 2013.</ref>kwa Ethiopia gaufi le Letsha la Tana. Lefelo la motlakase le amogela metsi go tswa mo letsheng ka Tana-Beles interbasin transfer mme morago ga go a dirisa go tlhagisa motlakase, metsi a a tshololelwa mo Nokeng ya Beles. Polante eno e na le bokgoni jwa go ntsha motlakase wa dimekawate di le makgolo a mane le masome a marataro (460), e leng se se dirang gore e nne polante ya bobedi e kgolo ya motlakase mo nageng eno. Gape go solofetswe go thusa go tlamela ka metsi a go nosetsa a diheketara di le 140 000 (350,000 acres).<ref name=":0">[http://www.ezega.com/news/NewsDetails.aspx?Page=heads&NewsID=2307 "Ethiopia's Beles Power Plant Inaugrated [''sic''<nowiki>]".</nowiki>] Ezega. May 14, 2010. Retrieved 13 October 2010.</ref> E ne ya bulwa ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010) mme jenereitara ya bofelo e ne ya simolola go dira ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012). Go agiwa ga yone go ne ga se ka ga amogelwa sentle kwa Egepeto e e kwa tlase ga noka. == Tshimologo le kago == Ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwele masome a robabongwe le bobedi(1992), go ne ga wediwa go dirwa thuto ya ntlha ya gore a porojeke eno e ka kgonega, e e neng e tla nna le motlakase wa dimekawate di le makgolo a mabedi . Patlisiso e e latelang le thulaganyo ya bofelo e ne ya wediwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005) ke Studio Pietrangeli ya sejalo sa ga jaana sa makgolo a mane e borataro (460 MW).<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120313170802/http://www.pietrangeli.it/immagini1/pdf/Brochures-progetti/Beles_MPP_-_rev__21_dic_2006.pdf "Beles MPP"] (PDF). Studio Pietrangeli. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2010.</ref> Puso ya Ethiopia e ne ya saena konteraka le Salini Costruttori go aga semela ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005), mme kago ya simolola ka bonako morago ga moo.<ref>[http://www.salini.it/index.php/english/content/download/233 "Report on Operations".] Salini Construtorri. Retrieved 13 October 2010.</ref>Ka ntlha ya lefelo le le kgakala la porojeke, go ne go le bokete go rwala le go tlhokomela badiri le didirisiwa, gantsi go ne go tsaya dikgwedi di le 4-5 gore dilwana di goroge. Ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e thola bobedi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007), motšhine o o epang ditonele (TBM), o o neng o tsamaisiwa ke SELI, o ne wa simolola go epang tsela ya dikilometara di le 7,2 mme wa e fetsa ka Motsheganong e le masome a mararo le bongwe ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008). Tiro ya go epa e ne e dirwa malatsi a le supa ka beke ka dinako tse tharo tsa diura di le robedi ka letsatsi. TBM e ne e dira palogare ya 20 m (66 ft) ka letsatsi fa ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008), palo e e kwa godimo ya letsatsi le letsatsi ya 36 m (118 ft) e ne ya fitlhelelwa.<ref>Francesco Bartimoccia, Antonio Raschillà. "- [http://www.selitunnel.com/pdf_articoli/RETC_2009_-_Raschilla.PDF Case History - 8 M Diameter 7 Km Long Beles Tailrace Tunnel (Ethiopia) Bored And Lined In Basaltic Formations In Less Than 12 Months"] (PDF). SELI Tunnel. Retrieved 13 October 2010</ref>TBM ya 12 km (7.5 mi) headrace tunnel e ne ya thubaganya, e e weditse ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e thola lesome le bongwe,ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303211934/http://db.selitunnel.com/4daction/seli_news?page=eng:09_news:00_default&lingua=ing "News - Ethiopia - Beles Headrace Breakthrough".] SELI. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2010.</ref>Salini Costruttori o ne a abela VA Tech Hydro konteraka ya go aga seteišene sa motlakase. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110614045548/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2036150 "Beles supply contract signed"]. International Power Technology and Dam Construction. May 18, 2006. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2010.</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010) ,jenereitara ya ntlha ya lekgolo le lesome le botlhano (115 MW) kwa seteišeneng sa motlakase e ne ya simolola go dira<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110614045516/http://www.waterpowermagazine.com/story.asp?storyCode=2056342 "Beles operates in trial test"]. International Water Power and Dam Construction Magazine. May 11, 2010. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2010.</ref>mme ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le lesome le bone ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010) , seteišene se ne sa kgakolwa. Ditshenyegelo tsa porojeke eno di ne di le mo e ka nnang $500 million USD.<ref>Sisay, Andualem (May 14, 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120329060753/http://www.africanews.com/site/list_message/27710 "AfricaNews - Ethiopia inaugurates third hydro power plant in a year"]. AfricaNews. Archived from the original on March 29, 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2010</ref>Semela sa motlakase se ne sa simolola go dira ka botlalo ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le masome a mabedi le lesome le bobedi (2012).<ref>[http://article.wn.com/view/2013/12/02/PPL_Holtwood_doubles_capacity_of_hydroelectric_facility/ "Ethiopia Tana Beles Hydroelectric power at full capacity"]. WN.com. 10 February 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2014</ref> == Thulaganyo == Seteishene sa Motlakase wa Metsi sa Beles se amogela metsi go tswa kwa Letsha la Tana koo a fetisediwang kwa seteišeneng sa motlakase mme go tswa foo a bo a latlhelwa mo nokeng ya Beles ka thanele e nngwe.<ref name=":1" /> Se se dirwa pele ka go tsenya metsi mo letsheng la Tana, koo seteišene sa motlakase se kgonang go dirisa 9,120,000,000 m3 (7,390,000 acre⋅ft) ya letsha go tlhagisa motlakase. Mokgoro wa go tsena o bophara jwa 43 m (141 ft), 11.5 m (38 ft) kwa godimo mme go elela ga one go tsena mo mogogorong wa tlhogo go laolwa ke dikgoro tse tlhano tsa metsi.<ref name=":1" /> Thanele ya tlhogo e fetisetsa metsi kwa borwabophirima go bapa le 12 km (7.5 mi) ya boleele jwa yone ka bophara jwa 8.1 m (27 ft). Kwa bokhutlong jwa thanele e e yang kwa godimo, e fetoga go nna bophara jwa 6.5 m le boleele jwa makgolo a mabedi le masome a masupa (270 m) pele e fitlha kwa seteišeneng sa motlakase. Kwa seteišeneng sa motlakase, metsi a neelwa diterekere tse nne tsa Francis tse di fepang dijenereitara tse nne tsa 115 MW. Seteišene sa motlakase ke mofuta wa logaga mme o boleele jwa 82 m, 17.6 m le bophara jwa 38.5 m. <ref name=":1" />E na le 91.2 m (299 ft) boteng le 8 m (26 ft) bophara jwa lekhubu la go tlhatlogela kwa godimo gape.<ref name=":2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120313170805/http://www.salini.it/index.php/english/content/workingon#top "Works in progress - Beles".] Salini Costruttori. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2010</ref>Fa metsi a setse a dirisitswe mo tlhagisong ya motlakase wa metsi, a ntshiwa go tswa kwa seteišeneng sa motlakase go ya kwa Nokeng ya Beles ka tsela ya molete wa dikilometara di le 7,2 o o nang le bophara jo bo lekanang le jwa molete wa tlhogo. <ref name=":2" />Boemo jwa metsi jo bo tlwaelegileng kwa moseleng ke 1,800 m (5,900 ft) kwa godimo ga boalo jwa lewatle mme seteišene sa motlakase se nna kwa 1,450 m (4,760 ft), se letlelela 350 m (1,150 ft) ya tlhogo ya haeteroliki. Porojeke e e solofetswe go thusa go nosetsa diheketara di le 140 000 mo isagweng.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == mj4ihwqtxhvcg54sehew4sal0brcfu0 0 13911 51334 2026-06-23T08:58:26Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Inkankezi #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51334 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Inkankezi''' ke noka e e kwa borwa jwa Matebeleland kwa kgaolong ya Insiza, kwa Mtshingwe [[Zimbabwe]]. Noka e nna e omeletse ka mariga ka ntlha ya gore e nnyennyane le lefelo le e leng mo go lone le le seka-sekaka. Dikolo tsa Nkankezi se segolwane le se sepotlana kwa botlhaba jwa noka mo tseleng ya Bulawayo-Masvingo di tsere maina a tsone mo nokeng e. Metse e mengwe e e gaufi le noka ya Nkankezi ke ya 18A, 18C, 20 le 21. Noka ya Inkankezi ke motswedi mogolo o o mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa molemeng wa [[noka ya Insiza]].<ref>Kileshye-Onema, J.-M., Mazvimavi, D., Love, D. and Mul, M.L. 2006. Effects of selected dams on river flows of Insiza River, Zimbabwe . Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 31, 870–875. [https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1474706506001598 <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>]</ref> E tlhatloga kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa Filabusi, molomo wa yone o kwa [[Letamo la Silalabuhwa|letamong la Silalabuhwa]]. == Metswedi == 78nsj1z3qtl9l1ytzij4j9h09anufox 0 13912 51335 2026-06-23T09:01:00Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Thuli-Makwe #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51335 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Thuli-Makwe Dam.jpg|thumb|Letamo la Thuli-Makwe]] '''Thuli-Makwe''' ke letangwana le le mo [[Noka ya Thuli|nokeng ya Thuli]], kwa bophirima jwa Gwanda, kwa borwa-bophirima jwa [[Zimbabwe]]. Letamo le na le seelo sa go baya metsi a dimithara di robabobedi le boraro.<ref>Chibi, T., Kandori, C. and Makone, B.F. 2005. Mzingwane Catchment Outline Plan. Zimbabwe National Water Authority, Bulawayo.</ref> == Metswedi == dw0h9p3z9haaqhs8om13ibg4qe4jkn2 0 13913 51336 2026-06-23T09:03:37Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Thuli-Moswa #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51336 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Thuli-Moswa''' ke leina la letangwana le le akanyeditsweng go agiwa mo [[Noka ya Thuli|nokeng ya Thuli]], kwa borwa jwa Gwanda, kwa [[Zimbabwe]] le le tlaa nnang le seelo sa dimithara di le makgolo a mane, lesome le borobabongwe.<ref>Chibi, T., Kandori, C. and Makone, B.F. 2005. Mzingwane Catchment Outline Plan. Zimbabwe National Water Authority, Bulawayo.</ref> == Metswedi == faiezlr45pgyr38lvbtwk2zep4vaafn 0 13914 51337 2026-06-23T09:07:34Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letamo la Thuli-Manyange #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51337 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Thuli River.jpg|thumb|Lefelo la letamo la Thuli-Manyange kwa mokgatsheng wa Thuli]] '''Letamo la Thuli-Manyange (Elliot)''' ke letangwana le le akanyediwang go agiwa kwa [[Noka ya Thuli|nokeng ya Thul]]<nowiki/>i kwa borwa jwa Gwanda, kwa [[Zimbabwe]] ka seelo sa dimithara di le masome a mararo le boraro. Le agetswe go bereka le [[letamo la Thuli-Moswa]].<ref>Chibi, T., Kandori, C. and Makone, B.F. 2005. Mzingwane Catchment Outline Plan. Zimbabwe National Water Authority, Bulawayo.</ref> == Metswedi == knzdfwklbzq5jtwzw82dtdl1rjq8p1r 0 13915 51338 2026-06-23T09:12:23Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Siwaze #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Siwaze|basin_countries=[[Zimbabwe]]}} '''Noka ya Siwaze''' ke noka e e kwa [[Zimbabwe]]. ke motswedi wa [[noka ya Insiza]]. == Metswedi == qxkm0szmm6syz7matmr04tw9xm8amkp 0 13916 51339 2026-06-23T09:18:13Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Umchabezi #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51339 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Umchabezi.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Umchabezi kwa Siyoka]] '''Noka ya Umchabezi''' ke motswedi - noka e potlana e e tshelang kwa go tse pedi tse ditona; noka ya Mzingwane kwa kgaolong ya Beitbridge le kgaolo ya Gwanda kwa [[Zimbabwe]]. Letamo le legolo kwa Umchabezi le bidiwa letamo la Makado, le le isang metsi go nosetsa mo go tsa thekiso.<ref>Love, D.; Khosa, S.; Mul, M.; Uhlenbrook, S.; van der Zaag, P. (2008). "Modelling upstream–downstream interactions using a spreadsheet–based water balance model: two cases from the Limpopo Basin". In Humphreys, E.; Bayot, R.C.; van Brakel, M.; Gichuki, F.; Svendsen, M.; Wester, P.; Huber-Lee, A.; Cook, S.; Douthwaite, B.; Hoanh, C.T.; Johnson, N.; Nguyen-Khoa, S.; Vidal, A. (eds.). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20110726171759/http://www.ifwf2.org/addons/download_presentation.php?fid=1104 Fighting Poverty Through Sustainable Water Use: Proceedings of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, November 10–14 2008, '''IV''']''. The Challenge Program on Water and Food, Colombo. pp. 15–21. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-990053-2-3|978-92-990053-2-3]]</bdi>. Archived from [http://www.ifwf2.org/addons/download_presentation.php?fid=1104 the original] on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2026</ref> == Metswedi == 6wqksuxcntf9baoi08excuyxnzws5e2 0 13917 51340 2026-06-23T09:23:35Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Mtetengwe #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51340 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Zhovhe sat.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se supa noka ya Mzingwane fa gare le noka ya Mtetengwe ke motswedi wa bofelo o o elelelang mo nokeng kwa lotshitshing lo lo kwa botlhaba]] '''Noka ya Mtetengwe''' ke motswedi wa [[noka ya Mzingwane]] kwa kgaolong ya Beitbridge kwa [[Zimbabwe]]. Go na le matamo a le mabedi mo metsweding ya yone: letamo la Tongwe mo nokeng ya Tongwe, le le isang metsi kwa porojekeng ya nosetso, le letamo la Giraffe le le nosang dikgomo.<ref>Love, D.; Khosa, S.; Mul, M.; Uhlenbrook, S.; van der Zaag, P. (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110726171759/http://www.ifwf2.org/addons/download_presentation.php?fid=1104 "Modelling upstream–downstream interactions using a spreadsheet–based water balance model: two cases from the Limpopo Basin". In Humphreys, E.; Bayot, R.C.; van Brakel, M.; et al. (eds.). ''Fighting Poverty Through Sustainable Water Use: Proceedings of the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food 2nd International Forum on Water and Food, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, November 10–14 2008, '''IV''''']. The Challenge Program on Water and Food, Colombo. pp. 15–21. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-990053-2-3|<bdi>978-92-990053-2-3</bdi>.]] Archived from [http://www.ifwf2.org/addons/download_presentation.php?fid=1104 the original] on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 23 June 2026</ref> Noka ya Mtetengwe ke motswedi wa bofelo kwa lotshitshing lo lo kwa molemeng go kopana le [[noka ya Mzingwane]]. == Metswedi == slzwn3zkkohbhgq8qshgpigslzggd3m 0 13918 51341 2026-06-23T09:26:21Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Amaramba 51341 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Amaramba.png|thumb|Letsha la Amaramba]] '''Letsha la Amaramba''' (Sepotokisi: Lago Amaramba) ke letsha le le seng boteng kwa Mozambique, gaufi le molelwane wa Malawi. E mo setlhoeng sa Nyasa, e kwa bokone jwa [[Letsha la Chiuta]].<ref>Knox, Alexander (1911). [https://books.google.com/books?id=CKk8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA379 ''The Climate of the Continent of Africa''.] Cambridge: University Press. p. 379.</ref>Makadiba a kgaogantswe ke motlhaba wa motlhaba mme go na le kanale e e golaganyang makadiba a mabedi ano. Ka fa letlhakoreng la bophirima la mosele, tsela ya metsi e e golaganyang e itsege jaaka Noka ya Msambiti fa ka fa letlhakoreng la botlhaba, e itsege jaaka Noka ya Lugenda.<ref><code><nowiki>{{cite journal}}</nowiki></code>: Cite journal requires <code>|journal=</code> (help)</ref>Letsha la Amaramba le golaganngwa ka dinako tse di rileng le Noka ya Lugenda, e leng molatswana wa [[Noka ya Ruvuma.]]<ref name=":0">Mepham, Robert; Hughes, R.H; Hughes J. S. (1992). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA686 A directory of African wetlands]''. IUCN. p. 686. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/2-88032-949-3|<bdi>2-88032-949-3</bdi>.]] Retrieved 2010-10-09.</ref> == Thutafatshe == Letsha la Amaramba ke karolo ya motlhaba le karolo ya metsi a a bulegileng a a anameng mo lefelong lotlhe la diheketara di le dikete di robabobedi le masome a mararao le botlhano (diheketara di le 20 600). Lefelo la metsi a a bulegileng le dira diheketara di le dikete tse nne le masome a mararo le botlhano (diheketara di le 10 700) mme lefatshe la motlhaba kgotsa le le motlhaba le dira diheketara di le 4 000 (diheketara di le 9 900). E bofilwe mo teng ga ditekanyetso tsa thutafatshe tsa 14°22′00′′S 35°52′00′′E le 14°40′00′′S 35°58′00′′E botelele jwa dimitara di le makgolo a marataro le masome a mararo le botlhano (2,083 ft). Letsha leno le le bopilweng mo lefelong le le seng boteng, le na le motlhaba kafa letlhakoreng le le kwa borwa le kwa botlhaba. Letsha le le lekanya dikilometara di le 35.25 (21.90 mi) ka boleele ka palogare ya bophara jwa dikilometara di le 1.2 (0.75 mi). Bontsi jwa nako, e mo N.N.E. le S.S.W.<ref>Proceedings (1884), p. 718</ref>Ntlha e e kwa bokone ya letsha leno e na le W.N.W. ka bophara jwa dimetara di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a matlhano go ya go dimetara di le makgolo a supa le masome a mararo.<ref>Proceedings (1884), p. 720</ref>Diponagalo fela tse di bonalang kwa botlhaba jwa letsha ke dithota, tse di kgaoganeng le tse dingwe, tse di bidiwang Mitumbi, Mero, Mangombo, Chikalulu le Lipembegwe.<ref>Proceedings (1884), p. 717</ref> Mogopolo wa yone wa go ntsha metsi o mo Malawi ka bontlhabongwe ka molatswana o monnye o o tsenang mo letsheng kwa ntlheng ya one e e kwa borwa. Kwa ntlheng ya yone e e kwa godimo, Letsha la Chiuta le le fepa ka mosele o o boleele jwa dikilometara di le robabongwe o o golaganyang. Ka paka ya dipula, makadiba a mabedi a nna bontsi bo le bongwe jwa lefelo le le anameng la metsi. Motswedi wa letsha o isa kwa Nokeng ya Lugenda, e e kopanang le Noka ya Rovuma, e leng thulaganyo e tona ya dinoka.<ref name=":0" />Letsha la Amaramba le bontsha ntlha ya noka e e bulegileng. Le fa go ntse jalo, letsha le na le bophara jo bo tshesane fa le bapisiwa le Letsha la Chiuta le le kwa godimo le le nang le popego ya khutlotharo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100818034854/http://malawicichlids.com/mw13023.htm "Amaramba".] Malawi Cichilids.com. Archived from the original on 2010-08-18. Retrieved 2010-10-09</ref> Letsha le fana ka metsi a hlwekileng, diprotheine le dipalangwa tsa kahare tsa naha bakeng sa batho ba sebakeng. Ka paka ya morwalela ya ngwaga le ngwaga, makadiba a a kopaneng a nontsha lefatshe ka go tlhoma seretse se se humisang.<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20091013043642/http://www.worldwildlife.org/what/wherewework/coastaleastafrica/lakechiuta-amaramba.html "Protecting freshwater ecosystems".] WWF. Archived from the original on 2009-10-13. Retrieved 2010-10-09.</ref> == Dimela le diphologolo == Thulaganyo ya letsha (bobedi Chiuta le Amaramba) e ne e na le mo nakong e e fetileng botshelo jo bo humileng thata jwa naga mme ka nako ya ntwa ya selegae e ne ya boga go tsomiwa thata le go tsomiwa. Diphologolo tsa metsi mo letsheng le tsone di ne tsa boga ka ntlha ya go tshwara ditlhapi go feta selekanyo go go bakilweng ke bafaladi ba ba tswang kwa Malawi.<ref name=":1" />Morago ga tshenyo eno, Letlole la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Tlhago (WWF) le Oxfam GB di ne tsa simolola dikgato tsa go emisa ditiro tse di seng ka fa molaong. Mokgwa wa go tsaya karolo o o akaretsang batho ba lefelo leo, puso ya selegae le ya porofense le Khomišene ya Tshireletso ya Lebopo, o ne wa tlhamiwa go samagana le dintlha tse di sa siamang tsa ikholoji tse di tlhodilweng mo nakong e e fetileng, ka maikaelelo a go tokafatsa tlhagiso go tswa mo thulaganyong ya letsha kwa ntle ga go dirisa metswedi ya letsha go feta selekanyo.<ref name=":1" /> == Dikgato tsa tsosoloso == Lenaneo la dingwaga di le tlhano le le akanyeditsweng go tsosolosa metswedi ya thulaganyo ya tikologo ya kgaolo ya Letsha la Chiuta-Amaramba, ka mokgwa wa go tsaya karolo, le akaretsa dikgato di le mmalwa.[8] Ya ntlha ya tse ke go thibela tiriso e e feteletseng ya metswedi le go tlhagisa dikgato tsa go oketsa ntshodikuno go tokafatsa maemo a ikonomi a baagi ba ba atlegang mo metsweding ya letsha. Go tlhoma lefelo la semmuso la go sireletsa letsha kwa Letsheng la Chiuta-Amaramba go ne go tla boloka ditlhapi le dinonyane tsa metsi tsa letsha mme go ne go tla oketsa ditsompelo tsa metsi gore di dirisiwe ka tshwanelo ke baagi ba lefelo leo. Se sengwe gape se se botlhokwa e tla nna go tlhoma ditshekatsheko le ditekanyo mo boleng le bontsi jwa ditlhagiswa tse di tlosiwang mo letsheng. Tshireletso ya kgaolo ya sekgwa e e dikologileng ka mokgwa o o maleba wa taolo ya diphologolo tsa naga e tla letla go farologanya mefuta ya diphologolo tsa naga e e tla rotloetsang popego ya motheo ya matshelo a kwa magaeng. Mohato wa ho qetela wa tsosoloso ya lenaneo o na le ho theha tikologong ya ho bapatsa dihlahiswa tsa lehae. == Ditso == Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le bobedi (1882), Henry E. Moemedi wa kwa Mozambique le moamogedi wa Metlele ya Motshegetsi wa Mokgatlho wa Bogosi wa Thutafatshe ka 1885, o ne a sekaseka lefelo leo mme morago ga moo a gatisa, Leeto go tswa kwa Mozambique go ya kwa Letsheng la Shirwa, le go ribolola Letsha la Amaramba le le tlhalosang metse le metsana e le robongwe, e e bidiwang ka dikgosi tsa bone, . Tse tlhano tsa tseno di ne di le kwa botlhaba (Napulu, Cheinlola, Chekungwa, Chemaunda le Chengogwe), tse tharo di le kwa bophirima (Akumhumbwa, Chemina le Chemataka), mme e le nngwe e ne e le kwa ntlheng e e kwa bokone (Akamtundu).[4] Lebopo la borwa-botlhaba jwa letsha le na le batho ba Lomwe Makua.[9] Gone jaanong, toropo e e gaufi thata le letsha leno ke Cacova kafa letlhakoreng la lone le le kwa bophirima. == Metswedi == kh2koer83tbs3ba8kgw5i5j4ow3wu3i 0 13919 51343 2026-06-23T09:37:58Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Chiuta 51343 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Chiuta''' ke letsha le le seng boteng mo molelwaneng wa [[Malawi]] le [[Mozambique]]. E kwa bokone jwa [[Letsha la Chilwa]] le kwa borwa jwa [[Letsha la Amaramba]], le le senang lefelo le le tswang mo go lone, mme makadiba ano a kgaogantswe ke motlhaba wa motlhaba. Makadiba ka bobedi a mo graben e e tsamayang kwa bokonebotlhaba–borwabophirima, kwa botlhaba jwa Molapo o motona wa [[Rift wa Aforika]]. Letsha la Chiuta le boteng ba dimithara tse tharo go ya tse nne mme le fapana ka boholo ho tloha ho dikwere tsa dikhilomithara tse masome a mabedi le botlhano go isa go tse lekgolo le masome a mararo , go itshetlehile ka nako ya pula. Letsha la Chiuta le Amaramba le golaganngwa ka dinako tse di rileng le [[Noka ya Lugenda]], e leng molatswana wa [[Noka ya Ruvuma]]. Letsha la Chiuta le ka omelela gotlhelele (Owen le ba bangwe 198?). Boteng jo bo magareng: dimitara di le 1.13 (3 ft 8 in) / palogare ya boalogodimo: disekwerekilometara di le lekgolo le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (77 sq mi) / palogare ya bolumu: dikilometara dikhubiki di le 0.225 (0.054 cu mi) / lefelo la go tshwara: disekwerekilometara di le sekete,makgolo a supa le masome a matlhano le botlhano (678daj199 sq mi). Mefuta e e tlwaelegileng ya ditlhapi tse di rekisiwang ke Oreochromis shiranus shiranus (e e bidiwang chambo mo lefelong leo), Clarias gariepinus (mlamba) le Barbus paludinosus (matemba). Mefuta ya ditlhapi e le masomeamararo le bosupa e ne ya kwalwa ka kakaretso (Ojda 1994). Dimela tse ditona tsa mo metsing tse di laolang ke Potamogeton welwitschii + Ceratophyllum demersum (tse di nweletsweng), Eleocharis dulcis, Oryza barthii, le Vossia cuspidata, gareng ga tse dingwe (Ojda 1994). i56cc46ehrawra98qj4ztkm31o1cprr 0 13920 51344 2026-06-23T10:05:34Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA TENDAHO 51344 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Tendaho''' ke letamo le le tletseng lefatshe le le kwa kgaolong ya botlhaba ya Afar kwa lefatsheng la [[Ethiopia]]. E fa Nokeng ya Awash, mme letamo la yone le lone le amogela metsi a a tswang mo Nokeng ya Mille. Letamo leno ke porojeke ya [[Ethiopian Water Works Construction Enterprise (EWWCE)]]. Thulaganyo ya porojeke e simolotse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano(2005), mme kago e simolotse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome (2010) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014). Letamo le le ikaeletse go tlamela ka nosetso segolo-bogolo ya Tendaho Sugar Factory e e leng tshimo ya mmidi wa sukiri,<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201407290728.html Ethiopia: Tendaho Dam Construction Reaches 98 Percent, ''July 2014'']</ref> mmogo le metsi a a nowang a kgaolo. Mo diheketareng di le dikete tse masome a marataro tsa lefatshe le go neng go rulagantswe gore le nosediwe, di le dikete tse lesome tsa lone di ne di tla dirisediwa ditirelo tsa loago le tsa setšhaba, mme diheketara tse di setseng di le dikete tse masome a matlhano di ne di tla dirisediwa go jala mmidi wa sukiri mo madirelong a sukiri. Ditoropo tse di gaufi thata ke Logiya, e e kwa bokone jwa letamo leno, le Semera, e e nang le lebala la difofane (Semera Airport) le yunibesithi. == Metswedi == swd2mlcfb9zeif31qlcvp0elvof5fou 0 13921 51345 2026-06-23T10:06:48Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Mushawe #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Mushawe|image_name=Mushawe Maranda.JPG|basin_countries=[[Zimbabwe]]|mouth=[[Noka ya Mwenezi]]}} '''Noka ya Mushawe''' (e peletiwa gape gotwe noka ya Mushawi) ke motswedi o o kwa mojeng wa lotshitshi lwa noka ya Mwenezi kwa [[Zimbabwe]]. E tlhatloga kwa dithabeng tsa Nemande e elela go kgabaganya kgaolo ya Maranda go kopana le [[noka ya Mwenezi]] kwa [[Letamo la Manyuchi|letamong la Manyuchi]] kwa kgaolong ya Mwenezi. == Motsamao wa metsi == Noka ya Mzingane ke noka e e seng ya sennela ruri, go elela ga yone go nna ka dikgwedi tse pula e nang ka tsone (Ngwanatsele go tsena Mopitlo). Le fa go ntse jalo, moalo wa noka ya Mushawe o tlhama mosele o o nang le metsi, o o tshegetsang metsi ngwaga yotlhe.<ref>Love, D. de Hamer, W., Owen, R.J.S., Booij, M.J., Uhlenbrook, S., Hoekstra, A. and van der Zaag, P. 2007. Case studies of groundwater – surface water interactions and scale relationships in small alluvial aquifers. In: Abstract volume, 8th WaterNet/WARFSA/GWP-SA Symposium, Lusaka, Zambia, November 2007, p21.</ref> Mo mafelong mangwe, go nna makadiba a sennela ruri kgotsa a a tlogang a nnela ruri, a direla dikwena magae. == Tlhabololo == Noka ya Mushawe e na le letamo kwa Dengenya. Letamo le agetswe go isa metsi a a nosetsang mme gompieno le tletse motlhaba. Go na gape le matangwana mo metsweding e mebotlana ya noka ya Mushawe. Metsi a Maranda 9No 1) Business Centre a kganetswe go ya moseleng o o kwa tlase ga noka ya Mushawe, kwa godimo ga setshwantsho se se supilweng fa godimo. == Metswedi == 9qlxoh7pg8ybg531sk2wbgbcy657gmp 0 13922 51346 2026-06-23T10:10:18Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Ngezi #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51346 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Ngezi''' (e pele e neng e bidiwa '''noka ya Ingezi''') ke noka e e kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa [[Zimbabwe]]. Ke motswedi wa noka ya Runde.<ref>[https://www.yr.no/en/map/weather/2-884379/Zimbabwe/Masvingo%20Province/Ngezi "Weather map for Ngezi River".] ''Yr''. Retrieved 23 June 2026</ref> == Metswedi == sglblv8ig6rcvenweh9jy8cqxx5z1bx 0 13923 51347 2026-06-23T10:14:34Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA BONGOLO (GABON) 51347 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Bongolo''' ke letamo le le mo nokeng ya Louetsi kwa borwabophirima jwa lefatshe la Gabon, gaufi le Bongolo. Letamo leno le agilwe kwa tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo sekete makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990) ka dipeeletso tsa Canada. <ref>Economist Intelligence Unit (Great Britain) (1994). ''Country Profile: Gabon, Equatorial Guinea''. The Unit. p. [[:en:Bongolo_Dam_(Gabon)#cite_note-Britain)1994-1|20]]</ref>Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020), go ne ga itsisiwe gore letamo le ne le tlile go tlhabololwa ke Société d'énergie et d'eau du Gabon, ka diterekere tse tlhano tse di neng di na le mathata di ne tsa emisediwa le go ntšhafadiwa ga didirisiwa tsa pabalesego le tshireletso.<ref>[https://constructionreviewonline.com/news/gabon-starts-rehabilitating-the-bongolo-hydroelectric-power-station/ "Gabon starts rehabilitating the Bongolo hydroelectric power station".] ''Construction Review Online''. 14 August 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.afrik21.africa/en/gabon-the-seeg-allocates-e10-7m-to-electricity-and-drinking-water-projects/ "GABON: the SEEG allocates €10.7m to electricity and drinking water projects"]. ''Afrik22''. 6 November 2020.</ref> == Metswedi == j8eet1tb1cx6zlkefr1hoewtf8hb5mq 0 13924 51348 2026-06-23T10:22:29Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Mucheke #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51348 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Mucheke''' ke noka e e elelang go kgabaganya toropo ya [[Masvingo]] kwa [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>[https://www.heraldonline.co.zw/first-time-voters-set-mucheke-stadium-alight/ "First-time voters set Mucheke Stadium alight".] ''The Herald''. 10 June 2023. Retrieved 23 June 2026</ref> E simolola kwa bophirima jwa toropo ya Masvingo e kopana le nok ya Mushagashe gaufi le Eastvale. Borogo jwa Mucheke bo kopanya tsela ya [[Harare]]-Beitbridge le tsela ya [[Mutare]]-Beitbridge.<ref>George, Maponga (1 March 2023). [https://www.heraldonline.co.zw/masvingo-residents-welcome-highway-upgrade/ "Masvingo residents welcome highway upgrade".] ''The Herald''. Retrieved 23 June 2026</ref> == Metswedi == r8z8v0m44zflgttixhp7k01fob5564u 0 13925 51349 2026-06-23T10:30:04Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Mutirikwe #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51349 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Save Basin OSM.svg|thumb|Kgampu ya [[Noka ya Save]]]] '''Noka ya Mutirikwe''' (e pele e neng e bidiwa '''noka ya Mtilikwe''') ke noka e e kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa [[Zimbabwe]]. Ke motswedi wa [[noka ya Runde]]. Metswedi e megolo ya Mutirikwe e akaretsa noka ya pokoteke. Noka e na le letamo la [[letsha la Mutirikwe]], le le lemogiwang e le lefelo le le bongola le le bolthokwa,<ref>Chiuta, Tabeth (1994). "Wetlands in Zimbabwe: an overview". In Tabeth Chiuta and Simon Carter (ed.). ''Wetlands ecology and priorities for conservation in Zimbabwe: proceedings of a seminar on wetlands ecology and priorities for conservation in Zimbabwe''. [[:en:International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature|IUCN]]. pp. 1–20. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-0202-5|<bdi>978-2-8317-0202-5</bdi>.]]</ref> le kwa [[Letamo la Bangala|letamong la Bangala]] gaufi le Renco. == Metswedi == 8bdxmpyr05sqd57eghur8rt52hrcyy9 0 13926 51351 2026-06-23T10:46:51Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Shangani #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51351 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Gwayi Basin OSM.svg|thumb|Noka ya Shangani go bapa le noka ya Gwayi]] '''Noka ya Shangani''' ke noka e e kwa [[Zimbabwe]] e e simololang gaufi le [[Gweru]], [[noka ya Gweru]] ke nngwe ya metswedi ya yone e megolo, e kgabaganya Midlands le Matebeleland kwa bokone. E tshela kwa [[Noka ya Gwayi|nokeng ya Gwayi.]] Noka ya Shangani ke lefelo le le neng le dirisiwa ka mogwanto le ntwa ya masole a Shangani ka Morule a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa 1893 e mo go yone Major Allan Wilson le banna ba [[British South Africa Company]] ba le masome mararo le motso ba neng ba bolawa ke masole a Matebele. Ma America ba le babedi fela, Frederick Russell Burnham le Pete Ingram le motho wa kwa Australia a le mongwe W.L Gooding, ba ne ba falola tlhaselo.<ref>Dahlin, T.; Owen, R. (1998). [https://www.earthdoc.org/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201407067 "Geophysical investigations of alluvial aquifers in Zimbabwe".] ''4th EEGS Meeting''. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers. [[:en:Digital_object_identifier|doi]]:[https://www.earthdoc.org/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201407067 10.3997/2214-4609.201407067]. [https://www.earthdoc.org/content/papers/10.3997/2214-4609.201407067 ISBN] <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-94-6282-127-9|978-94-6282-127-9]]</bdi>. [[:en:Semantic_Scholar#S2CID|S2CID]] [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/10e6c70b0b1ce27a1ed05d218ebf0c547f160aed 55982331.]</ref> == Metswedi == mmj7znckczdobb60uk4fdbyi1qv0ks0 0 13927 51352 2026-06-23T11:00:58Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Sengwa #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51352 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Sengwa Fluss.jpg|thumb|Sengwa ka 2017]] [[Setshwantsho:Lake Kariba Tributary OSM.svg|thumb|Dinoka tse di tshelang kwa lekadibeng la Kariba le Sengwa]] '''Noka ya Sengwa ('''e e itsegeng gape ka leina la '''noka ya Sengwe''' kgotsa '''noka ya Sengwi)''' ke noka kwa [[Zimbabwe]]. E boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mabedi, masome a supa le borobabongwe. E elelela go kgabaganya Mashonaland West le [[Matebeleland North]] kwa Midlands, Zimbabwe.<ref name=":0">[https://waterwaymap.org/river/Sengwa%20River%20000252953565/ "Sengwa River | 279 km, Zimbabwe".] ''waterwaymap.org''. Retrieved 23 June 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == Noka ya Sengwa e na le metswedi e le masome mabedi le botlhano, bontsi jwa yone ga e a bidiwa ka maina kwa ntle ga e elatelang:<ref name=":0" /> * [[Noka ya Lutope]] * [[Noka ya Busi]] * [[Noka ya Karungwizi]] * [[Noka ya Yobi]] * [[Noka ya Mutola]] == Metswedi == plt8dwy4j713tbx44492252h7ctsmqi 0 13928 51353 2026-06-23T11:04:40Z Abbymooketsi 12868 Ke simolotse go ranola tsebe e.#AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51353 wikitext text/x-wiki Mokgele wa Borataro wa Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang (SDG 6 kgotsa Global Goal 6) e tlhalosa botlhokwa jwa go fitlhelela "metsi a a phepa le [[:en:Sanitation|kgeleloleswe]] ya metsi go botlhe". Ke nngwe ya maitlhomo a a lesome le bosupa a [[:en:Sustainable_Development_Goals|Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang]] a a tlhomilweng ke kokoano kakaretso ya [[:en:United_Nations_General_Assembly|Dichaba tse di Kopaneng]] go tlhatlhama [[:en:Millennium_Development_Goals|maitlhomo a tlhabololo a Mileniamo]] (MDGs) a pele. Go ya lekgotla le Dichaba Tse di Kopaneng, mokgele o mogolo ke go: "Tlhomamisa gore batho botlhe ba na le metsi le thulaganyo ya go ntsha le go thibela malwetse".<ref>"Goal 6: Clean water and sanitation". UNDP. Retrieved 28 September 2015.</ref> m10cngjxa7zhnwmk81t94kwyyyqi81t 0 13929 51354 2026-06-23T11:14:43Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Lugenda 51354 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:2014 Lugenda River-2.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Lugenda]] Lugenda kgotsa Lujenda (ka tsela e nngwe: Noka ya Msambiti)<ref name=":0">Manchester Geographical Society (1885). [[iarchive:journalmanchest01socigoog|''The Journal of the Manchester Geographical Society (23-24)''.]] Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. [[iarchive:journalmanchest01socigoog/page/n358|302]]–304.</ref> ke noka e e kwa bokone jwa Mozambique. E elela ka fa borwa-bokone go tswa kwa Letsheng la Amaramba/Letshe la Chiuta mme ke molatswana o mogolo go gaisa wa Noka ya Ruvuma.<ref>Robert Mepham; R. H. Hughes; J. S. Hughes (1992). [https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA686 ''A directory of African wetlands''.] Belhaven Press Book, International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). p. 686. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/2-88032-949-3|<bdi>2-88032-949-3</bdi>.]]</ref>E kopana le Noka ya Luambala kwa [https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lugenda_River&params=13_26_12_S_36_18_20_E_ 13°26′12′′S 36°18′20′′E]. Go begwa gore molapo wa noka o bogodimo jwa dimetara di le 240 fela go feta bogodimo jwa lewatle.<ref>Rotberg, Robert I. (1971). [https://books.google.com/books?id=UoUcAAAAMAAJ&q=lugenda ''Joseph Thomson and the exploration of Africa''.] Chatto & Windus. p. 123. ISBN <bdi>978-0-7011-1544-9</bdi>.</ref> Bokone jwa Letsha la Chiuta, ba ba kwa lotshitshing lwa bophirima ba le bitsa Noka ya Msambiti.<ref name=":0" />Ka nako nngwe, Lugenda e kgaogana go nna melatswana e le mmalwa e e nang le ditlhaketlhake fa gare ga yona, tse dingwe tsa tsone di nang le batho jaaka setlhaketlhake sa Achemponda.<ref>Manchester Geographical Society (1885). ''T[[iarchive:journalmanchest01socigoog|he Journal of the Manchester Geographical Society (23-24)]]''[[iarchive:journalmanchest01socigoog|.]] Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 307</ref> Ditlou loom kgolo mo botshelong jwa batho ba Mokgatšha wa Noka ya Lugenda. Batho ba merafe, ba ba nnang mo gare ga megorogoro ya noka ka dingwaga di le dikete di le mmalwa, ke merafe ya Yao le Makua thata. Ditlhopha tse dingwe tse di nnang fano ke batho ba Ngoni, Marave le Matambwe.<ref name=":1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110714001921/http://www.lugenda.com/pdf/africa_geographic_article.pdf "Emerging from the shadows, Nissa National Reserve" (PDF).] Africa Geographic Article. June 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2010-10-11.</ref> == Thuto ya mafoko == Etymology ya lefoko Lugenda ka puo ya Yao, puo ya Bantu e e buiwang ke batho ba Yao (Aforika Botlhaba) mo Aforika}, e na le bokao jwa mmatota jwa "noka e tona."<ref name=":0" /> == Thutafatshe == Noka ya Lugenda, e e kopanang le thulaganyo e kgolo ya Noka ya Ruvuma mo dikarolong tsa yone tse di kwa tlase go tswa kwa borwabotlhaba, e tlhatloga gaufi le Letsha la Chilwa, go tswa kwa Letsheng le lennye la Chiuta (dimetara di le 520). Noka eno e elela boleele jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo pele ga e kopana le Noka ya Ruvuma kwa motseng wa Negomano. Tshimologo ya yona e tshwailwe ke motlhaba o o tshesane wa ditlhare (motlhaba wa bara ya motlhaba o o bogodimo jwa dimitara di le masome a mabedi le botlhano (82 ft) le dingwaga di le 9,000)[6]) o o kgaoganyang metlhaba e e mo letlhakoreng le le kwa borwa jwa Letsha la Chuta le Letsha la Chilwa. Molapo o o tswang kwa Letsha la Amaramba o ka nna dimitara di le masome a robabobedi (260 ft) ka bophara. Ke metsi a a motlhaba fa gare ga tshimologo ya one go tswa kwa Letsheng la Chitwa le Letshe la Amaramba.<ref>[http://www.airboatafrika.com/ruvuma-river-niassa-national-reserve/ "Ruvuma River & Niassa National Reserve".] Airboat Afrika Company. Retrieved 2010-10-11</ref> Thaba ya Mecula (dimitara di le 1 441 (4 728 ft)) ke thaba e e fa gare mo gare ga mekgatšha. Thaba e na le dimela tse dintsi mme e tsewa e le lefelo le le botlhokwa la botanical la polokelo mo gare ga megorogoro. Ka jalo, Noka ya Lugenda le Thaba ya Mecula ke mafelo a a botlhokwa a bojanala mo porofenseng e e kwa bokone jwa Mozambique.<ref name=":1" /> Noka e na le mokgwa o o raraaneng wa go elela. E elela kwa bophirima ka "ditšhanele tse di logilweng ka dipalema tsa Pandanus". Kwa botlhaba, kelelo ya yona e feta mo mogorogorong o o matlapa ka noka yotlhe e nyelela go nna "di-slot canyons" tse di bontshang ditsela tsa metsi tse di sephara tsa motlhaba. Leno ke lefelo la dikoloni tsa tsadiso tsa di-skimmer tsa Aforika tse di mo kotsing ya lefatshe ka bophara.<ref name=":1" /> Ditlhogo tsa metsi a Noka ya Lugenda di kwa Makadibeng a Chilwa le Chiuta mo molelwaneng wa Mozambique le Malawi, go tswa kwa noka e elelang kwa bokonebotlhaba go bapa le dikhuti tse di akanyeditsweng tse di felelang di kopana le Noka ya Ruvuma, mo molelwaneng wa Mozambique / Tanzania, e elela kwa Lewatleng la India.<ref>Thieme, Michele L. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=3nkL9NqqlscC&pg=PA173 ''Freshwater ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: a conservation assessment''.] Island Press. p. 173. ISBN <bdi>1-55963-365-4</bdi>. Retrieved 2010-10-11.</ref> Seabe sa kelelo go tswa kwa Nokeng ya Lugenda go ya kwa Nokeng ya Ruvuma se fopholediwa go nna dikilometara di le lesome le borobabodi tsa dikhubiki (4.3 mi3). Bontsi jwa kgaolo ya beisine ya noka e mo Porofenseng ya Niassa kwa bokgoni jwa nosetso bo begwang e le diheketara di le 200,000 (diheketara di le 490,000).[6] Ke noka e e tsamayang ka iketlo mme gantsi e tlhagelela, jaaka e tswa mo Letsheng la Amaramba, jaaka letsha ka ntlha ya bophara jwa yone jo bogolo jwa metsi.[1] Mokgatšha wa noka o na le mmu o o nonneng wa alluvial o o nang le metswedi e e siameng ya metsi ka o fepiwa ke melatswana e mentsi e e sa feleng mo mabopong ka bobedi. Ka jalo metswedi ya metsi e e sa feleng e e mo mokgatšheng ono e na le temo e e siameng go tshegetsa banni ba yone. Motsoko o jalwa mo dintshing tsa noka. Difeige tsa naga le mefuta e mengwe ya ditlhare le tsone di fitlhelwa mo gare ga megorogoro.[9] Dinokana tse ditona tsa yona ke Luambala, Lureko, Luambeze, Nikondocho le Jurege.[10] Noka e tsentswe borogo kwa Luambala kwa bophara jwa yone bo ka nnang dimitara di le lekgolo le masome a matlhano (490 ft).[9] == Metswedi == ap1el91jre9ip8h9otjhz0cig8q0iuz 0 13930 51355 2026-06-23T11:18:52Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA Grand Poubara 51355 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Grand Poubara''' ke letamo la kgogedi mo Nokeng ya Ogooué, dikilometara di ka nna lesome le botlhano kwa borwa jwa Franceville kwa Gabon. Maikaelelo a matona a letamo le ke go dira motlakase ka metsi, mme le tshegetsa seteišene sa motlakase sa dimekawate di le lekgolo le masome a marataro (160 (210 000 hp). == Ditso == Puso ya Gabon e ne ya saena kadimo ya diranta di le dimilione di le masome a robabobedi le bone le China ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boferabobedi (2008) go duelela go aga letamo leno. Maikaelelo e ne e le go tlhama motswedi o mongwe wa maatla go na le Letamo la Kongou Falls la mafelo a go ntsha tshipi a le one a neng a dirisiwa ke Ba-China kwa Belinga.<ref>[https://www.internationalrivers.org/sites/default/files/attached-files/africa_dams_briefing_.pdf African Dams Briefing 2015], ''Internationalrivers.org'', 2015</ref> Kago ya porojeke e simolotse ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boferabobedi (2008), noka e ne ya faposiwa ka ngwaga wa Ngwanatseleka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome(2010), mme seteišene sa motlakase se ne sa simololwa ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e le botlhano ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro (2013). Letamo leno le faposa noka go dikologa Poubara Falls kwa go nang le dijenereitara di le nne tsa Francis tsa maatla a 40-megawatt (54,000 hp). Bontsi jwa letamo le seteišene sa motlakase di ne di tlamelwa ke puso ya China mme porojeke e ne ya agiwa ke Sinohydro.<ref>[http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090719000622/http%3A//www.industcards.com/hydro%2Dafrica%2Dw.htm "Hydroelectric Power Plants in West Africa".] IndustCards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 25 March 2014.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140325205839/http://eng.sinohydro.com/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=42&id=131 "Gabon, Grand Poubara Hydropower Station".] Sinohydro. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2014.</ref><ref>[http://www.hydroworld.com/articles/2013/09/gabon-s-160-mw-grand-poubara-enters-full-operation.html "Gabon's 160-MW Grand Poubara hydroelectric plant enters full operation".] Hydro World. 5 September 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2014</ref> Go simolola ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), Letamo le legolo la Poubara le naya Lefelo la Ditshipi la Moanda maatla, e leng polante ya ntlha mo nageng e e dirang manganese.<ref>[https://www.miningreview.com/top-stories/gabon-engages-in-the-local-processing-of-manganese/ Gabon engages in the local processing of manganese,] ''Miningreview.com'', 12 June 2015</ref> == Metswedi == 9or2p553l230i9pbhmuc1z76e5npya1 0 13931 51356 2026-06-23T11:24:02Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Ngezi (Midlands) #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51356 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Ngezi''' ke noka e e kwa legareng la [[Zimbabwe]] kwa kgaolong ya Midlands.<ref>[https://www.newzimbabwe.com/zimbabwe-warns-of-flooding-following-heavy-rains/ "Zimbabwe warns of flooding following heavy rains".] ''NewZimbabwe.com''. 10 December 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2026</ref> Ke motswedi wa noka ya Sanyati, kwa kgampung ya [[noka ya Zambezi]]. E isa metsi kwa go fetlhiwang motlakase teng kwa Munyati. == Metswedi == bzyrg8g5rxmch6q5hdq8lbev7mnyw8o 0 13932 51358 2026-06-23T11:34:57Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya noka ya Ihosy #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51358 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Madagascar74.090.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Ihosy kwa Madagascar]] '''Noka ya Ihosy''' ke noka e e kwa kgaolong ya [[Fianarantsoa]] kwa legareng la [[Madagascar]]. E elela go tswa kwa dithabeng tsa Bekisopa, go kgabaganya toropo ya Ihosy e e fileng noka leina le.<ref>Cowan, William Deans (September 1882). [https://zenodo.org/records/2414753 "Geographical Excursions in South Central Madagasear"]. ''Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography''. '''4''' (9): 521–537. doi:[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1800170?origin=crossref 10.2307/1800170]. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0266-626X 0266-626X]. [[:en:JSTOR#Content|JSTOR]] [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1800170 1800170.]</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Mangoky Basin OSM.png|left|thumb|Kgampu ya Mangoky]] Ditsela tse dingwe tsa yone ke kwa Ambodiala le Ionadria. E tshela kwa nokeng ya Zomandao. == Metswedi == tonx3qm4ant5hwfwyh49iv44a9nr747 0 13933 51359 2026-06-23T11:42:27Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Cahora Bassa 51359 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:STS51B-51-14- Lake Cahora Bassa.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Cahora]] '''Letsha la Cahora Bassa'''—ka nako ya bokoloniale jwa Mapotokisi (go fitlha ka 1974) le le neng le itsege jaaka Cabora Bassa, go tswa kwa [[Nyungwe]] Kahoura-Bassa, le le rayang "fetsa tiro"—ke letsha la bone la maitirelo le legolo go gaisa mo Aforika, le le mo kgaolwaneng ya Tete kwa Mozambique. Mo Afrika, ke Letsha la Volta fela kwa Ghana, Letsha la Kariba kwa Zambezi kwa godimo ga Cahora Bassa le [[Letsha la Nasser]] kwa Egepeto tse dikgolo go ya ka metsi a a kwa godimo ga lefatshe. == Ditso == Tsamaiso ya Cahora Bassa e simolotse kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro jaaka porojeke ya Mapotokisi kwa kgaolwana ya Moseja ga Mozambique. Dipuso tsa Aforika Borwa le tsone di ne di amega mo tumalanong e e neng e bolela gore Portugal e tla aga le go dirisa seteišene se se tlhagisang motlakase ka metsi kwa Cabora Bassa (jaaka se ne se bidiwa ka nako eo ka Sepotokisi) mmogo le thulaganyo ya phetiso ya motlakase o o tlhamaletseng wa maatla a a kwa godimo (HVDC) e e tlhokegang go tlisa motlakase kwa molelwaneng wa Aforika Borwa. Aforika Borwa, ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, e ne ya ikaelela go aga le go tsamaisa seteišene sa phetolo sa Apollo le karolo ya thulaganyo ya phetiso e e tlhokegang go tlisa motlakase go tswa kwa molelwaneng wa Aforika Borwa le Mozambique go ya kwa seteišeneng sa phetolo sa Apollo gaufi le Pretoria. Morago ga moo Aforika Borwa e ne ya tlamega go reka motlakase o Portugal e neng e tlamega go o tlamela. Ka nako ya kgaratlho ya boipuso, didirisiwa tsa kago tsa letamo di ne tsa tlhaselwa gangwe le gape ka kgato ya togamaano ke di-guerrilla tsa Frelimo, ka gonne go wediwa ga lone go ne go tla dira gore letsha le atologane thata mo go neng go tla tsaya lobaka lo loleele thata go kgabaganyetsa kwa letlhakoreng le lengwe ka mekoro ya bone. Letamo leno le ne la simolola go tlala ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bone, morago ga Phetogo ya Carnation kwa nagengkgolo ya Portugal le go saeniwa ga tumalano ya boipuso. Mozambique e ne ya bona boipuso semmuso go tswa mo Portugal ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le masome a mabedi le botlhano,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le botlhano. Go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa, letamo le ne le tsamaisiwa ke Hidroelectrica de Cahora Bassa (HCB) mme le ne le kopanetswe ke Mozambique, ka karolo ya tekatekano ya 18%, le Portugal, e e neng e tshwere tekatekano e e setseng ya 82%. Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele ele masome a mabedi le bosupa,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa , Mozambique e ne ya tsaya taolo ya letamo leno go tswa kwa Portugal,[1] fa Portugal e ne e rekisetsa Mozambique bontsi jwa diperesente di le masome a robabobedi le bobedi tsa karolo ya yone. Tona ya Matlotlo Fernando Teixeira dos Santos o rile Portugal e tla kokoanya didolara di le dimilione di le makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano tsa Amerika (dimilione di le €750) go tswa mo thekisong ya karolo ya yona ya porojeke e kgolo ya maatla a metsi mo borwa jwa Aforika. Portugal e ne ya boloka dipesente di le lesome le botlhano tsa karolo, le mororo e ne e rulagantse go rekisa diperesente tse dingwe gape di le lesome moragonyana go mmeeletsi yo o neng a tla tshitshinngwa ke puso ya Mozambique. Tonakgolo ya Portugal, José Sócrates, o ne a saena tumalano eno le puso ya Mozambique, ka nako ya fa a ne a etetse Maputo semmuso. Tumalano eno e ne ya fedisa dikgotlhang tse di neng tsa nna teng ka masomesome a dingwaga fa gare ga Portugal le kolone ya yone ya pele ka khampani eno, e e neng e bidiwa Hidroeléctrica de Cahora Bassa. Go sa dumalane go go neng go le teng thata e ne e le ka ga go tshwaragana ga dikoloto tsa kompone tse di fopholediwang go nna didolara di le dibilione di le 2,2 (€1,7 dibilione) tse e neng e di naya Portugal. Balaodi ba Mozambique ba ne ba bolela gore ga ba a netefatsa sekoloto seno mme ka jalo ga ba a tshwanela go nna le maikarabelo a dituelo tseo. == Metswedi == 0cd0ufh3xkly4n9gwer48g3vq1x45io