Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.8 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 7207 51481 49014 2026-06-25T02:36:40Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51481 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist | name = DJ Maphorisa | image = | landscape = <!-- yvges, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --> | alt = | caption = | birth_name = Themba Sekowe | native_name = | native_name_lang = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1987|11|15}}<!-- Do not remove this line without any reliable sources! --><ref>{{Cite web|title= Pic! Maphorisa Shares His Old High School Picture And His First Business |url= https://theyanos.co.za/2021/10/pic-maphorisa-shares-his-old-high-school-picture-and-his-first-business/ |access-date=2021-12-10|website= theyanos.co.za |date= 21 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref> | alias = {{hlist|Lawd Phori<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-07-20-this-beef-is-getting-boring-now-mzansi-to-maphorisa--prince-kaybee/ |title='This beef is getting boring now' - Mzansi to Maphorisa & Prince Kaybee |first=Chrizelda |last=Kekana |date=20 July 2020 |website=[[TimesLIVE]]}}</ref>|Madumane}} | birth_place = [[Soshanguve]], [[Pretoria]], South Africa | occupation = {{hlist|DJ|Modiri wa dipina|Moopedi}} | module = | embed = | instrument = Mafoko, Piano | years_active = 2008-gofitha gompieno | label = {{Ubl | Blaqboy Music {{small|(pele)}} | [[Kalawa Jazmee Records|Kalawa Jazmee]] {{small|(gompieno)}} }} | associated_acts = {{hlist|Kabza De Small|[[Tresor (singer)|TRESOR]]|[[Reason (Sizwe Alakine)|Reason]]}} | past_member_of = [[Uhuru (band)|Uhuru]] }} '''Themba Sonnyboy Sekowe''' o tshotswe ka 15 Ngwanatsele 1987, o itsege ka leina la gagwe la boopedi '''DJ Maphorisa''' (kgotsa '''Madumane'''), ke motsamaisi wa direkoto wa [[Aforika Borwa]], DJ le moopedi. O ne a tuma thata morago ga go tlhagisa dipina di le mmalwa tse di tumileng tsa mefuta e e farologaneng ya mmino, jaaka Uhuru ("Y-Tjukuta"), [[Kwesta]] ("[[Ngud]]'"), [[Busiswa]] ("Lahla"), [[DJ Zinhle]] ("My name Is"), Professor ("Jezebel") le Shekinah ("Suited") e e le mo Star Wars == Tiro == Ka Lwetse 2018, o ne a ntsha pina e le nngwe ya "Midnight Starring" a nale [[Moonchild Sanelly]], [[DJ Tira]] le [[Busiswa]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=WATCH: DJ Maphorisa - Midnight Starring ft. DJ Tira, Busiswa & Moonchild Sanelly|url=https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/watch-dj-maphorisa-midnight-starring-ft-dj-tira-busiswa-moonchild-sanelly/=|first=Mandisa|last=Ntsinde|website=Zkhiphani}}</ref> Kwa dimpong tsa balebeledi ba DStv ka 2018 o ne a tlhophiwa gabedi a thopelwa: Pina e e rategang ya Ngwaga le DJ yo o rategang.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Here are the NOMINEES for 2018 DStv Mzansi Viewers' Choice Awards {{!}} YOMZANSI|url=https://www.yomzansi.com/2018/08/14/nominees-2018-dstv-mzansi-viewers-choice-awards/|date=14 August 2018|website=YoMzansi|access-date=18 July 2022|archive-date=20 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920173103/https://www.yomzansi.com/2018/08/14/nominees-2018-dstv-mzansi-viewers-choice-awards/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=DStv Mzansi Viewers' Choice Awards Nominees announced|url=https://www.dstv.co.za/whats-on/news/articles/dstv-mzansi-viewers-choice-awards-nominees-announced/|date=14 August 2018|website=DStv|access-date=18 July 2022|archive-date=8 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210908084853/https://www.dstv.co.za/whats-on/news/articles/dstv-mzansi-viewers-choice-awards-nominees-announced/|url-status=dead}}</ref> === 2019-go fitlha gompieno: Rumble in the Jungle, ''Banyana'' EP === Ka di 9 Moranang 2021, Maphorisa, TRESOR le Kabza De Small ba ne ba golola alebamo ya tirisanommogo ya studio “Rumble in the Jungle".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kabza De Small & DJ Maphorisa announce joint project, 'Rumble in the Jungle', with Tresor|url=https://thenativemag.com/kabza-de-small-dj-maphorisa-tresor-rumble-jungle/|website=The Native Magazine|date=11 December 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Scorpion Kings and Tresor announce collab album 'Rumble in the Jungle'|url=https://www.iol.co.za/amp/entertainment/music/local/scorpion-kings-and-tresor-announce-collab-album-rumble-in-the-jungle-b13728d3-c2ca-48cb-99e8-6f4692f37a98|first=Entertainment|last=Writer|date=December 11, 2020|website=Independent Online}}</ref> Ka di 16 Moranang 2021, Maphorisa le Tyler ICU ba ne ba ntsha EP ya ''Banyana''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tyler ICU and DJ Maphorisa release joint EP, Banyana {{!}} JustNje|url=https://justnje.com/tyler-icu-and-dj-maphorisa-release-joint-ep-banyana/|website=JustNje|date=16 April 2021|access-date=18 July 2022|archive-date=26 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526231351/https://justnje.com/tyler-icu-and-dj-maphorisa-release-joint-ep-banyana/|url-status=dead}}</ref> EP e, e ne e na le Sir Trill, Daliwonga le Kabza De Small, Mpura, le Visca. Pina e le ngwe ya "Banyana" e ne ya lebelelwa ke batho ba feta dimilione di le 4,2 mme e ne ya amogelwa jaaka platinum gabedi ke intaseteri ya rekoto ya Aforika Borwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DJ Maphorisa & Tyler ICU's 'Banyana' has gone double platinum {{!}} Fakaza News|url=https://fakazanews.com/2021/07/06/dj-maphorisa-tyler-icus-banyana-has-gone-double-platinum/|date=July 6, 2021|website=Fakaza News|last=Adejoy}}</ref> Ka 2021, o ne a simolola loeto lwa Lagos a nale Wizkid.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DJ Maphorisa to open for Wizkid's 'Made In Lagos' tour in U.S {{!}} Fakaza News|url=https://fakazanews.com/2021/07/06/dj-maphorisa-to-open-for-wizkids-made-in-lagos-tour-in-u-s/|date=July 6, 2021|last=Adejoy|website=Fakaza News}}</ref> Kwa dimpong tsa Moopelo wa [[Kwaito]] le Moopelo wa House ka 2021 o ne a tlhophiwa go nna DJ yo o gaisang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/mzansi-kwaito-and-house-music-awards-2021-all-nominees|title=Mzansi Kwaito and House Music Awards 2021: All the nominees|first=Ano|last=Shumba|date=18 June 2021|website=Music In Africa}}</ref> Ka 17 Lwetse 2021, o ne a ntsha pina e le nngwe ya "Abalele" le Kabza De Small e na le Ami Faku.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kabza De Small and DJ Maphorisa release new song 'Abalele' - KAYA 959|url=https://www.kaya959.co.za/kabza-de-small-and-dj-maphorisa-release-new-song-abalele/|first=Poelano|last=Malema|date=17 September 2021|website=KAYA 959}}</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele 2021, o ne a tlhagisa di pina tsa moopedi yo o tsholetsweng kwa Con''go [[TRESOR]]'', "Makosa" le "Nyota" go tswa mo alebamo ya Motion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://museafrica.com/2021/10/01/tresor-features-kabza-de-small-dj-maphorisa-others-on-motion-album/|title=TRESOR features Kabza De Small, DJ Maphorisa, others on MOTION album|website=museafrica.com|date=October 2021|access-date=15 October 2021}}</ref> == Loeto == === Sehlogo === * O etetse Lagos ka (2021) (a nale Wizkid) * O etetse AmaFest ka (2021)<ref>{{Cite web|title=DJ Maphorisa, Kabza, Cassper, DBN Gogo, Focalistic are taking Amapiano to UK {{!}} Fakaza News|url=https://fakazanews.com/2021/08/05/dj-maphorisa-kabza-cassper-dbn-gogo-focalistic-are-taking-amapiano-to-uk/|website=Fakaza News|date=4 August 2021|last=Adejoy}}</ref> ==Dimpho== ===Dimpho tsa African Muzik Magazine=== {{Awards table}} ! {{Abbrv|Met|References}} |- |2020 | <div style="text-align: center;"> Ene </div> |Modiri wa dipina wa ngwaga |{{nom}} |<ref>{{cite web|title=African Muzik Magazine Awards 2020: All the winners {{!}} Music In Africa |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/african-muzik-magazine-awards-2020-all-winners| publisher = Music In Africa| first=Gabriel Myers|last= Hansen|date=2020-11-16| access-date =2021-11-20}}</ref> {{end}} === Dimpho tsa balebeledi ba Dstv Mzansi === {{Awards table}} |- |rowspan="2"|2018 | <div style="text-align: center;">"Midnight Starring"</div> | Pina e ratewang ya ngwaga <ref name=#>{{cite web|title=Mzansi Viewers' Choice Awards - the full list of nominees|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2018-08-14-mzansi-viewers-choice-awards-the-full-nlist-of-nominees/|work=Sowetan LIVE|date=14 August 2018}}</ref> | {{nom}} |- | <div style="text-align: center;"> Ene </div> | DJ e ratewang | {{nom}} |- |2022 | <div style="text-align: center;"> Scorpion Kings </div> | DJ e ratewang<ref>{{cite news|title=The DStv Mzansi Viewers' Choice Awards are back {{!}} Drum |url=https://www.snl24.com/drum/celebs/news/the-dstv-mzansi-viewers-choice-awards-are-back-20220413| publisher=Drum| date=2022-04-13| first=Siya| last=Tsewu| access-date= 2022-04-14| location= South Africa| language=en}}</ref> | {{pending}} {{end}} ===Dimpho tsa Humanitarian African Prestigious=== {{Awards table}} |- |rowspan="2"| |rowspan="2"|<div style="text-align: center;">Ene</div> |Modiri wa dipina wa ngwaga<ref name="HAPA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/dj-maphorisa-nominated-hapa/|title=DJ Maphorisa is nominated for HAPA|date=23 October 2017}}</ref> |{{nom}} |- |DJ e botoka mo Aforika<ref name="HAPA" /> |{{nominated}} {{end}} ===Dimpho tsa MTV Africa Music=== {{Awards table}} |- |2016 |<div style="text-align: center;">Ene </div> |Pina ya ngwaga<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/mtv-africa-music-awards-2016-nominees-mtvmama2016/|title=Here's the Full List of Nominees at the 2016 MTV Africa Music Awards in Johannesburg|website=okayafricasite|date=22 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mediaupdate.co.za/media/116038/the-2016-mtv-africa-music-awards-to-rock-johannesburg-in-october|title=The 2016 MTV Africa Music Awards to rock Johannesburg in October|website=Media Update}}</ref> |{{nom}} |- |2020 | |Modiragatsi o botoka mo Aforika<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://zalebs.com/top-of-the/kabza-de-small/dj-maphorisa-kabza-de-small-nominated|title=DJ Maphorisa & Kabza De Small Nominated|website=ZAlebs|access-date=2022-07-18|archive-date=2022-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707171056/https://zalebs.com/top-of-the/kabza-de-small/dj-maphorisa-kabza-de-small-nominated|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.yomzansi.com/2020/10/06/master-kg-kabza-de-small-dj-maphorisa-2020-mtv-ema/|title=Master KG, Kabza De Small & DJ Maphorisa nominated for 2020 MTV EMA &#124; YOMZANSI|date=6 October 2020|website=www.yomzansi.com}}</ref> |{{nom}} {{end}} === Dimpho tsa Mzansi Kwaito le Moopelo wa House === {{Awards table}} |- |2018 | <div style="text-align: center;">"Midnight Starring"</div> | Pina e thopilweng thata | {{won}} |- |rowspan="3"|[[6th Mzansi Kwaito and House Music Awards|2021]] |rowspan="3"|<div style="text-align: center;">Ene<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2020-05-03-oskido-maphorisa-score-three-nomination-each-at-mzansi-kwaito-and-house-music-awards/|date=3 May 2020|title=Oskido, Maphorisa score three nomination each at Mzansi Kwaito and House Music Awards|first= Sowetan |last=Reporter}}</ref></div> |Modiri wa dipina o botoka |{{pending}} |- |rowspan="3"|Dipina tsa AmaPiano tse di botoka |{{pending}} |- |{{pending}} {{end}} === Dimpho tsa baopedi ba Amapiano mo Aforika Borwa === {{Awards table}} |- |2021 |<div style="text-align: center;">Ene<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.thesouthafrican.com/lifestyle/entertainment/sa-amapiano-music-awards-look-whos-been-nominated/ |title= SA Amapiano Music Awards: Look who's been nominated! |last=|date=19 July 2021| access-date=20 July 2021|work= thesouthafrican.com}}</ref></div> |Monna o botoka wa amapiano DJ/Modiragatsi |{{nominated}}<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-24|title=#SAAmaPianoAwards 2021: See Full List of Winners|url=https://zatunes.co.za/2021/saamapianoawards-2021-see-full-list-of-winners|access-date=2021-11-15|website=ZAtunes|language=en-US}}</ref> {{end}} == Dipina == '''Dialobamo le di-EP tsa tirisanommogo''' * Our Father ({{small|a nale [[Uhuru|Uhuru]]}}) (2013)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/0OoSrujq3IhCnsd8Et9ktL?si=7vxBe3lVRY6eKTq7m80VQw|title=Our Father|website=Spotify|date=January 2013|access-date=30 September 2021}}</ref> * ''Scorpion Kings EP'' (a nale Kabza De Small) ka (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iminathi.net/dj-maphorisa-kabza-de-small-scorpion-kings-ep/|title=DJ Maphorisa And Kabza De Small Scorpion Kings EP|website=iminathi|access-date=19 May 2019}}</ref> * The Return of Scorpion Kings (a nale Kabza De Small) ka (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iminathi.net/dj-maphorisa-kabza-de-small-the-return-of-the-scorpion-kings-ep/|title=DJ Maphorisa And Kabza De Small The Return of Scorpion Kings Album|website=iminathi|date=29 November 2019|access-date=30 November 2019}}</ref> * ''Scorpion King'' Live At Sun Arena (a nale Kabza De Small) ka (2020)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iminathi.net/kabza-de-small-dj-maphorisa-scorpion-kings-live-at-sun-arena-album/|title=DJ Maphorisa And Kabza De Small Scorpion King Live At Sun Arena Album|website=iminathi|date=31 January 2020|access-date=10 February 2020}}</ref> * Once Upon A Time In A Lockdown (a nale Kabza De Small) ka (2020)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iminathi.net/dj-maphorisa-kabza-de-small-scorpion-kings-once-upon-a-time-in-lockdown-album/|title=DJ Maphorisa And Kabza De Small Once Upon A Time In A Lockdown Album|website=iminathi|date=5 April 2020|access-date=11 April 2020}}</ref> * Rumble In The Jungle (a nale Kabza De Small le [[Tresor (singer)|TRESOR]] ) ka (2021)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://justnje.com/tresor-kabza-de-small-and-dj-maphorisa-release-rumble-in-the-jungle/|title=Tressor, Kabza De Small and DJ Maphorisa release Rumble In The Jungle|website=Just Nje|date=9 April 2021|access-date=11 April 2021|archive-date=27 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527225420/https://justnje.com/tresor-kabza-de-small-and-dj-maphorisa-release-rumble-in-the-jungle/|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''Banyana EP'' ({{small|a nale Tyler ICU}}) ka (2021)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2021-04-19-heres-what-the-streets-thinks-of-dj-maphorisa-and-tyler-icus-banyana-ep/|title=Here's what the streets thinks of DJ Maphorisa and Tyler ICU's 'Banyana' EP|website=Times Live|access-date=21 May 2021}}</ref> ==Metswedi== {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:DJ Maphorisa]] [[Karolo:Madumane]] [[Karolo:Amapiano Artist]] 3m9jrdoc4m2h8spk9nbrb0b68d5x5si 0 9143 51479 34317 2026-06-25T01:52:47Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51479 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Calvin John Klaasen''' yo o tshotsweng ka 1987 ke motshameki was chess wa Afrika Borwa yoo tshotseng maemo a [[:en:FIDE_Master|FIDE Master.]] Ene le [[:en:Johannes_Mabusela|Johannes Mabusela]] bane ba fenya metshameko ya 2017 [[:en:South_African_Chess_Championship|South African Closed Championships]], mme gape o tshameketse setlhopha sa South African Chess Olympiad team ka 2016 le 2018. <ref>Mubayiwa, Bruce (19 December 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230810233649/https://africachess.net/kzns-international-master-im-johannes-mabusela-and-wps-fm-calvin-klaasen-co-champions-at-2017-south-african-closed-chess-championships-open/ "KZN's International Master (IM) Johannes Mabusela and WP's FM Calvin Klaasen co-champions at 2017 South African Closed Chess Championships Open"]. africachess.net.</ref> {{Infobox person|name=Calvin Klaasen|birth_date={{birth date and age|1987|5|16}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?pid=106314|title=The chess games of Calvin Jong Klaasen}}</ref>|title=[[FIDE Master]] (2013)}} === Bona tsebe e latelang === * [[:en:Chess_in_South_Africa|Chess in South Africa]] === Metswedi === 45ssl8vlq5fdfzd4cq7rxjdifv121ek 0 9272 51538 47281 2026-06-25T09:02:26Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51538 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sportman photo.jpg|thumb|]]'''Maitumelo Sedilame Boseja'''( a tshotswe 1 Sedimonthole 1997)yoo o bitswang kana a bokiwang gotwe '''Tsontso'''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240522054839/https://sundownsfc.co.za/rousing-return-for-sedilame-boseja-after-long-injury-lay-off/ Rousing return for Sedilame Boseja after Long Injury-lay Off]". ''sundownsfc.co.za''. 10 May 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2024.</ref>, ke [[:en:Football_player|motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao]] wa motswana yo o tshamekang jaaka [[:en:Goalkeeper_(association_football)|motshwara dinno wa setlhopha]] sa Aforika Borwa sa [[:en:Mamelodi_Sundowns_Ladies_F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns sa bomme]]( Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies FC) le [[:en:Botswana_women's_national_football_team|setlhopha sa Botswana sa bomme sa sechaba]]. == Botshelo Pele == Boseja o tsholetswe kwa motseng wa [[Tutume]] mo [[:en:Central_District_(Botswana)|kgaolong ya legare]]<ref name=":0">Kehimile, Tshepo (16 November 2021). "[https://news.thevoicebw.com/bosija-on-the-recovery-path/ Bosija On The Recovery Path".] ''The Voice''. Retrieved 17 March 2024</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230802234126/http://www.bfa.co.bw/2256/coach-nkutlwisang-thumps-up-bosijas-move-to-sundowns-ladies-fc/ Coach Nkutlwisang thumps up Bosija's move to Sundowns Ladies FC"]. ''Botswana Football Association''. 27 May 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2024. <q>...the Tutume-born keeper further thanked the management</q></ref> mo Botswana. == Ditlhopha tsea di diretseng == == '''Township Rollers''' == Ka ngwaga wa 2015, Boseja o simolotse go tshameka mo setlhopheng sa bomme a tshameka mo [[Township Rollers F.C.|Township Rollers]].<ref>Boranabi, Kabelo (30 July 2021). "[https://www.mmegi.bw/sports/boseja-faces-former-side-double-action/ Boseja faces former side, Double Action"]. ''Mmegi''. Retrieved 17 March 2024.</ref> == '''Double Action''' == Ka ngwaga wa 2017 o ile a tsena mo tumalanong le setlhopha sa [[:en:Double_Action_Ladies_F.C.|bomme sa Double Action.]] == '''Bloemfontein Celtic Ladies''' == Morago fela gago tshameka motshameko ole esi wa setlha sa metshameko le Double Action , setlhopha sa Aforika Borwa sa [[:en:Bloemfontein_Celtic_F.C.|bomme sa Bloemfontein Celtic]] se ne sa tsena mo tumalanong ya ngwaga tse tharo le Boseja. Mo setlheng sa gagwe  sa ntlha le setlhopha, Celtic eile ya gapa  bommampudi jwa kgaolo ya Free State jwa kgwele ya dinao ya bo mme.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230802031004/http://www.bfa.co.bw/204/congratulations-sedilame-boseja/ Congratulations Sedilame Boseja]". ''Botswana Football Association''. 21 November 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2024</ref> Ba be gape ba fenya bommampudi jwa Sasol National League, Boseja e nna ene motshwara dinno yoo o gaisitseng wa kgaisano eo<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240420182837/https://www.safa.net/2017/12/10/celtic-defend-sasol-league-national-championship-title/ Celtic defend their Sasol League National Championship title - SAFA.net]". 9 December 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2024.</ref>. Boseja o kgaogane le setlhopha sa Celtic ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa 2020<ref>Boranabi, Kabelo (17 May 2021). "[https://www.mmegi.bw/sport/mares-goalkeeper-club-hunting-after-celtic-exit/ Mares Goalkeeper Club Hunting After Celtic Exit]". ''Mmegi''. Retrieved 17 March 2024</ref>. == '''Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies''' == Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2001, one a tsena mo tumalanong le [[:en:Mamelodi_Sundowns_Ladies_F.C.|setlhopha sa bomme sa Mamelodi Sundowns]] seo se mo legatong le legolwane la [[:en:SAFA_Women's_League|Lekgotla le le laolang metshameko la Aforika Borwa]]. Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi oile a bona kgobalo ya lengole  ka nako ya ikatiso.<ref name=":0" /> Kgobalo e eile ya mo paledisa go thusa Sundowns go gapa bommampudi jwa [[:en:CAF_Women's_Champions_League|CAF Women’s Champions League]] , mme lefa gontse jalo oile amogela seetsele sa phenyo<ref>Boranabi, Kabelo (22 November 2021). "[https://www.mmegi.bw/sports/boseja-is-an-african-champ/ Boseja is an African champ]". Retrieved 17 March 2024</ref> fela ka ene ele motshameki yo o kwadisitsweng kafa se molaong go tshameka mo dikgaisanong tse. == Seabe mo setlhopheng sa sechaba == Ka ngwaga wa 2012 Boseja one a akarediwa mo  [[:en:Botswana_women's_national_under-17_football_team|setlhopheng sa bomme sa Botswana sa kgwele ya dinao ya makgarejwana aa dingwaga tse di kafa tlase ga lesome le bosupa]] <ref>Mokganedi, Mosah (23 January 2012). "[https://www.mmegi.bw/sport/bots-u-17-women-get-a-hammering/news Bots U-17 women get a hammering"]. ''Mmegi''. Retrieved 17 March 2024</ref>(Botswana Women’s  national under 17 football team). Ka ngwaga wa 2015, Boseja one a emetse [[Botswana]] go [[:en:2015_African_U-20_Women's_World_Cup_qualification#First_round|iponela phatlha]] mo [[:en:2016_FIFA_U-20_Women's_World_Cup|metshamekong  ya mafatshe  ya kgwele ya dinao ya bomme ya makgarejwana aa kwa tlase ga dingwaga tse di masome a mabedi a  ngwaga wa 2016]], faba be ba latlhegelwa ka kakaretso ka dinno di ferabongwe go ele nngwe  mo magatong ale mabedi kgatlhanong le  [[Aforika Borwa]]<ref>[https://www.snl24.com/kickoff/sanews/sa-women-u-20-beat-botswana-8-1-20150712 SA Women U-20 beat Botswana 8-1"]. ''KickOff''. 12 July 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2024</ref>. Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong, ngwaga wa 2021 Boseja o tlhageletse makgetho a le masome a mabedi le bongwe  mo [[:en:Botswana_women's_national_football_team|setlhopheng sa  sechaba sa Botswana.]] == Dietsele == '''Bloemfontein Celtic Ladies''' Sejana sa bommampudi  sa Sasol ka ngwaga wa 2017<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240420182837/https://www.safa.net/2017/12/10/celtic-defend-sasol-league-national-championship-title/ Celtic defend their Sasol League National Championship title".] ''SAFA''. 9 December 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2024</ref>( Sasol League National  Championships,2017. === Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies[edit source] === * [[:en:SAFA_Women's_League|SAFA Women's League]]: [[:en:2021_SAFA_Women's_League|2021]], [[:en:2022_SAFA_Women's_League|2022]], [[:en:2023_SAFA_Women's_League|2023]] * [[:en:CAF_Women's_Champions_League|CAF Women's Champions League]]: [[:en:2021_CAF_Women's_Champions_League|2021]][[:en:2023_CAF_Women's_Champions_League|, 2023]]; runner-up: [[:en:2022_CAF_Women's_Champions_League|2022]] * [[:en:COSAFA_Women's_Champions_League|COSAFA Women's Champions League]]: [[:en:2021_CAF_Women's_Champions_League_COSAFA_Qualifiers|2021]], [[:en:2023_CAF_Women's_Champions_League_COSAFA_Qualifiers|2023]]; runner-up [[:en:2022_CAF_Women's_Champions_League_COSAFA_Qualifiers|2022]] '''Individual''' * Sasol National League Championship: Goal Keeper of the Tournament == Metswedi == <references /> == Magokaganyi aa kwa Ntle == [https://int.soccerway.com/players/sedilame-boseja/800025/ Sedilame Boseja] at Soccerway hekci2zb64o58mgvo3i8i40pxmyg3kf 0 9584 51476 51222 2026-06-25T00:29:08Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51476 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography|name=Bambanani Mbane|image=Bambanani Mbane Rio2016.jpg|caption=Mbane with [[South Africa women's national football team|South Africa]] in 2016|full_name=Bambanani Nolufefe Mbane|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=y|1990|3|12}}|birth_place=[[Sterkspruit]], South Africa<ref name=prof>[http://www.sasolinsport.com/banyana/player-profiles/bambanani-nolufefe-%E2%80%9Cjuice%E2%80%9D-mbane Bambanani Nolufefe “Juice” Mbane]. sasolinsport.com</ref>|height=1.62m<ref>[https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/bambanani-mbane Bambanani Mbane] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160922214017/https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/bambanani-mbane |date=22 September 2016 }}. rio2016.com</ref>|position=[[Midfielder]], [[Defender (soccer)|defender]]<ref>[http://results.nbcolympics.com/athletes/athlete=mbane-bambanani-1056486/index.html Bambanani Mbane]. nbcolympics.com</ref>|currentclub=[[Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]]|clubnumber=12|clubs1=[[Bloemfontein Celtic F.C.]]|clubs2=[[FC Dinamo Minsk|Dinamo Minsk]]|years2=2020|caps2=1|goals2=0|clubs3=[[Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]]|years3=2021–|club-update=20 July 2023 (prior the [[2023 FIFA Women's World Cup]])|medaltemplates={{Medal|Country|{{fba|South Africa}}}} {{Medal|Comp|[[Women's Africa Cup of Nations]]}} {{Medal|1st|[[2022 Women's Africa Cup of Nations|2022 Morocco]]|}} {{Medal|2nd|[[2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations|2018 Ghana]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[CAF Women's Champions League]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2021 CAF Women's Champions League|2021 Egypt]]|}} {{MedalSilver|[[2022 CAF Women's Champions League|2022 Morocco]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[COSAFA Women's Champions League]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2021 COSAFA Women's Champions League|2021 South Africa]]|}} {{MedalSilver|[[2022 COSAFA Women's Champions League|2022 South Africa]]|}}|image_size=240px|nationalteam1=[[South Africa women's national soccer team|South Africa]]|nationalyears1=2016–|nationalcaps1=81|nationalgoals1=4}} '''Bambanani Nolufefe Mbane''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Mopitlo a le lesome le bobedi ka 1990) ke motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao wa moAforika Borwa yo o tshamekang kwa morago mo setlhopheng sa SAFA Women's League sa [[Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] le sa setshaba sa bomme sa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170919173348/http://www.sasolinsport.com/banyana/player-profiles/bambanani-nolufefe-%E2%80%9Cjuice%E2%80%9D-mbane Bambanani Nolufefe “Juice” Mbane]. sasolinsport.com</ref> == Tiro ya setlhopha == '''<big>Bloemfontein Celtics Ladies</big>''' E ne e le leloko la setlhopha sa Bloemfontein Celtics Ladies se se neng sa fenya SAFA Women's League ka tatelano ka ditlha tsa 2016 le 2017.<ref name=":0">"[https://www.snl24.com/dailysun/sport/mbanes-the-celtic-ladies-secret-weapon-20171212 Mbane's the Celtic Ladies secret weapon]". ''Daily Sun''. Retrieved 11 November 2023.</ref><ref name=":1">SAFA (11 December 2016). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20190820030605/https://gsport.co.za/bloem-celtic-crowned-sasol-league-2016-champs/ Bloem Celtic Crowned SASOL League 2016 Champs]". ''gsport4girls''. Retrieved 11 November 2023.</ref><ref name=":2">tsholofelomosina (11 December 2017). "[https://alexnews.co.za/108962/bloemfontein-celtic-ladies-sasol-womens-league-champions/ Bloemfontein Celtic Ladies are Sasol Women's League champions again]". ''Alex News''. Retrieved 11 November 2023.</ref> O ne a bidiwa kgosigadi ya kgaisano ka 2017.<ref name=":0" /> '''<big>Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies</big>''' Ka 2021, Mbane a ya kwa [[Mamelodi Sundowns Ladies F.C.|Mamelodi Sundowns]] kwa South Africa ebile e ne e le karolo ya setlhopha se se neng sa fenya CAF Women's Champions League ya 2021 sa bo sa tsaya maemo a bobedi mo CAF Women's Champions League ya 2022. O ne a bidiwa mo Hollywoodbets Super League: Motshameki wa setlha sa 2021 abo a tsena mo setlhopheng sa ngwaga (ba ba gaisang ba ba lesome le motso).<ref>Malepa, Tiisetso (27 March 2022). "[https://www.timeslive.co.za/sport/soccer/2022-03-27-sundowns-ladies-win-big-at-inaugural-hollywoodbets-super-league-awards/ Sundowns Ladies win big at inaugural Hollywoodbets Super League awards]". ''TimesLIVE''. Retrieved 10 November 2023.</ref><ref>Kganakga, Tlamelo (28 March 2022). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20240526115337/https://gsport.co.za/hbsl-honours-top-2021-22-season-performers/ HBSL Honours Top 2021/22 Season Performers]". ''gsport4girls''. Retrieved 11 November 2023.</ref> O ne a nopolwa mo tlotleng ya CAF Women Interclub ya motshameki wa ngwaga ya 2021 le ya CAF Women ya motshameki wa ngwaga wa 2021.<ref>Ntsoelengoe, Tshepo (6 July 2022). "[https://www.citizen.co.za/sport/soccer/local-soccer/sundowns-caf-awards-nominees/ Sundowns, Banyana players dominate Caf awards]". ''The Citizen''. Retrieved 14 November 2023</ref> O ne a phutlha setlha seo ka go bidiwa South African Football Journalists' Association (Safja): motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao ya bomme wa ngwaga wa 2021.<ref>Times, iDiski (23 February 2022). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20240324120009/https://www.idiskitimes.co.za/local/mbane-wins-safja-womens-footballer-of-the-year/ Mbane Wins SAFJA Women's Footballer Of The Year]". ''iDiski Times''. Retrieved 24 March 2024.</ref> Ka 2022 o ne a tsenngwa mo go ba ba lesome le motso ba ba gaisang ba CAF Women’s Champions League ya 2022 le ba ba lesome le motso ba ba gaisang ba Women's Africa Cup of Nations.<ref name=":3">"[https://www.cafonline.com/caf-womens-africa-cup-of-nations/news/caf-announces-totalenergies-women-s-afcon-2022-best-xi/ CAF announces TotalEnergies Women's AFCON 2022 Best XI]". ''CAF''. 26 July 2022. Retrieved 7 August 2023.</ref> Ka 2023 o ne a tsenngwa mo go ba ba lesome le motso ba Aforika mo go bomme e e neng ya begiwa kwa CAF Awards tsa 2023.<ref>"[https://www.cafonline.com/news/osimhen-oshoala-named-african-men-s-and-women-s-player-of-the-year-at-the-caf-awards-2023/ Osimhen, Oshoala named African Men's and Women's Player of the Year at the CAF Awards 2023]". ''CAF''. 12 November 2023. Retrieved 15 December 2023.</ref> == Tiro ya ditshabatshaba == Mbane o gaisantse le setlhopha sa setshaba sa bomme sa kgwele ya dinao sa Aforika Borwa kwa Africa Women Cup of Nations ka 2018 kwa ba feditseng mo maemong a bobedi.<ref>"[https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46414687 Nigeria win 2018 Women's Africa Cup of Nations]". ''BBC Sport''. Retrieved 24 March 2024.</ref> O ne a leloko la setlhopha sa Aforika Borwa sa bomme sa kgwele ya dinao kwa Women's Africa Cup of Nations ka 2022 kwa ba fentse bommampodi ja kontinente ja bone ja ntlha le kwa sejaneng sa lefatshe sa bomme sa FIFA sa 2023 kwa ba feletseng kwa go tsa bofelo tse lesome le borataro.<ref>"[https://www.cafonline.com/caf-womens-africa-cup-of-nations/news/magaia-brace-hands-south-africa-first-wafcon-trophy/ magaia-brace-hands-south-africa-first-wafcon-trophy]". ''CAF''. 29 June 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2024.</ref> == Botshelo ja gagwe == Ka 2019 o ne a nyala Tsholofelo Makgaleme morago ga go ratana dikgwedi tse tharo.<ref>Sekudu, Bonolo. "[https://www.news24.com/life/relationships/love/relationship/love-story-how-tsholo-mbane-and-banyana-banyana-defender-bambanani-pitched-for-love-20230921-2 Love story: How Tsholo Mbane and Banyana Banyana defender Bambanani pitched for love]". ''Life''. Retrieved 9 November 2023.</ref> == Ditlotla == '''Club''' * SAFA Women's League: 2016,<ref name=":1" /> 2017,<ref name=":2" /> 2021, 2022, 2023 * CAF Women's Champions League: 2021 maemo a bobedi: 2022 '''South Africa''' * Women's Africa Cup of Nations: 2022,<ref>"[https://www.cafonline.com/caf-womens-africa-cup-of-nations/news/magaia-brace-hands-south-africa-first-wafcon-trophy/ Magaia brace hands South Africa first TotalEnergies WAFCON trophy]". ''CAF''. 29 June 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2023.</ref> maemo a bobedi: 2018 '''Individual''' * SAFA Queen of the Tournament: 2017 * SAFA Queen of Queens: 2017 * Hollywoodbets Super League Player of the Season: 2021 * 2021 South African Football Journalists' Association (Safja): Women's footballer of the year * Women's Africa Cup of Nations Team of the Tournament: 2022<ref name=":3" /> * IFFHS CAF Women's Team of The Year: 2022<ref>"[https://www.iffhs.com/posts/2490 IFFHS Women's CAF Team 2022]". ''The International Federation of Football History & Statistics (IFFHS)''. 31 January 2023. Retrieved 7 August 2023.</ref> * Women's Africa XI: 2023 == Metswedi == jflx7fpxyvgkoz1bdyujnf3crbhmupa 0 11358 51478 43523 2026-06-25T01:15:35Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51478 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bongiwe kgotsa Bongi Dhlomo-Mautloa''' [[OIS]], (yo o tshotsweng ka 1956) ke mogatisi wa Moaforikaborwa wa [[Mozulu]], motsamaisi wa botsweretshi le molweladitshwanelo.<ref name=":0">[https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/bongiwe-bongi-dhlomo-mautloa "Bongiwe (Bongi) Dhlomo-Mautloa".] ''www.sahistory.org.za''. South African History Online. Retrieved 31 January 2021.</ref><ref name=":1">Koloane, David (21 March 2000). [https://www.oxfordartonline.com/groveart/view/10.1093/gao/9781884446054.001.0001/oao-9781884446054-e-7000096572 "Dhlomo-Mautloa, Bongiwe".] ''Oxford Art Online''. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi:10.]][[doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T096572|1093/gao/9781884446054.article]].[[doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T096572|T096572]]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210515143145/https://asai.co.za/artist/bongiwe-dhlomo-mautloa/ "Bongiwe Dhlomo-Mautloa".] ''Asai''. Africa South Art Initiative. Retrieved 31 January 2021.</ref><ref name=":2">Arnold, Marion (1 January 2011). [https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/conference_contribution/Cutting_anti-apartheid_images_Bongiwe_Dhlomo_s_activist_linocut_prints/9332321 "Cutting anti-apartheid images: Bongiwe Dhlomo's activist linocut prints".] In Hoskins, S. (ed.). ''IMPACT 6 Multi-disciplinary Printmaking Conference Proceedings''. Impact Press. pp. 131–136. Retrieved 31 January 2021</ref> O tsholetswe kwa [[Vryheid]], [[KwaZulu-Natal]], mme o rutetswe kwa Sekolong sa St Chad kwa [[Ladysmith]] le kwa [[Sekolong sa Seminari sa Inanda]]. O ne a tsweletsa dithuto tsa gagwe kwa [[Setheong sa Botaki sa Rorke sa Drift]] a ithuta go gatisa mme a bona dipoloma ya botsweretshi jo bontle.<ref name=":0" /> O ne a dira kwa Setheong sa Botaki sa Aforika kwa Durban (1980-1983), morago ga moo kwa Lefelong la Botaki la Grassroots mo toropong eo, pele a fudugela kwa Johannesburg kwa a neng a tlhokomela dipontsho kwa Lefelong la Botaki la FUBA le kwa Lefelong la Dipontsho la Goodman.<ref name=":0" /> E ne e le mothei le morulaganyi wa porojeke ya Setheo sa Botaki sa [[Alexandra]] kwa Johannesburg. E ne e le Mogokaganyi wa Porojeke ya go Fitlhelela Batho le Tlhabololo ya [[Biennale ya Johannesburg]] ya 1995, e e neng e bidiwa Africus, mme e ne e le motsamaisi wa tiragalo ya 1997, e e bidiwang Ditsela tsa Kgwebisano: Hisitori le Thutafatshe.<ref name=":1" /> O boletse gore [[dikhuduego tsa Soweto]] tsa 1976, fa a ne a le dingwaga di le 20, di ne tsa mo tsenya mo dipolotiking,<ref name=":2" /> mme digatiso tsa gagwe di tlhalositswe jaaka "ka metlha tsa sepolotiki, di kwala ditiragalo tsa hisitori jaaka dikhuduego tsa Soweto tsa 1976 mmogo le ditiro tse di sa bonaleng thata tsa sepolotiki jaaka basadi ba ba dirang".<ref name=":1" /> Tiro ya gagwe e tlhagile mo makasineng wa [[Staffrider]].<ref name=":1" /> O nyetswe ke motaki wa ditshwantsho ebong [[Kagiso Mautloa]].<ref name=":0" /> Ka Moranang 2023, Dhlomo-Mautloa o ne a abelwa [[Sekgele sa Bosetšhaba sa Ikhamanga]] (Selefera) ke Puso ya Aforika Borwa ka ntlha ya dineelo tsa gagwe mo botaking.<ref>Khumalo, Juniour. [https://www.news24.com/news24/politics/government/siya-kolisi-desiree-ellis-tracy-chapman-among-32-bestowed-national-orders-by-ramaphosa-20230429 "Siya Kolisi, Desiree Ellis, Tracy Chapman among 32 bestowed national orders by Ramaphosa"]. ''News24''. Retrieved 2 May 2023</ref> == Ditshupegetso == 2022: When Rain Clouds Gather: Black South African Women Artists, 1940–2000, The Norval Foundation, Cape Town. (Curated by Portia Malatjie and Nontobeko Ntombela) - Group exhibition 2022: Yakhalinkomo. Javett- UP Gallery, University of Pretoria, Tshwane. (Curated by Tumelo Mosaka with Sipho Mndanda as Co-Curator and Phumzile Twala as Research and Education Coordinator) - Group Exhibition 2018: FUBA: Preserving a Legacy, Keyes Art Mile, Johannesburg. 2017: A Labour of love, Johannesburg Art Gallery, Johannesburg. 2015: A Labour of Love, Weltkulturen Museum, Frankfurt, Germany. 2014: Impressions of Rorke’s Drift – The Jumuna Collection, Iziko South African National Gallery, Cape Town. 2012: A Fragile Archive, Johannesburg Art Gallery, Johannesburg. 2010: Strengths and Convictions: The Lives and times of South Africa’s Nobel Peace Prize Laureates, Iziko South African National Gallery, Cape Town; Nobel Peace Centre, Oslo. 2003: Rorke’s Drift: Empowering Prints 1962 – 1982, Iziko South African National Gallery, Cape Town; Durban Art Gallery, Durban. 2003: Time, Memory and Desire, Standard Bank Art Gallery, Johannesburg. 1999: [Rewind] Fast Forward.za, Van Reekum Museum of Modern Art, Apeldoorn, Netherlands. 1998: Trans Figurative, Association of Visual Arts Gallery, Cape Town. 1989 – 1990: Art/Images in Southern Africa, Kulturhuset, Stockholm. 1988: The Neglected Tradition, Johannesburg Art Gallery, Johannesburg. 1986: Images of South Africa (solo exhibition), Gaborone. == Mekwalo == 2004: Dhlomo, B and Godby, M “Art and Politics in a Changing South Africa: Bongi Dhlomo in Conversation with Michael Godby."''African Arts'', vol. 37, no. 4. == Bala gape == * Dhlomo, Bongi; Godby, Michael (1 December 2004). "Art and Politics in a Changing South Africa: Bongi Dhlomo in Conversation with Michael Godby". African Arts. 37 (4): 62–96. [[doi:10.1162/afar.2004.37.4.62]]. * Atkinson, B.; Breitz, C. (1999). "Bongi Dhlomo-Mautloa Interviewed by Brenda Atkinson". Grey areas : representation, identity, and politics in contemporary South African art. Rivonia, Johannesburg, South Africa: Chalkham Hill Press. pp. 117–126. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780620236645|9780620236645]]. * Prints, L. 2009. "Cutting Anti-Apartheid Images: Bongiwe Dhlomo’s Activist Linocut Prints." [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/288378409.pdf IMPACT6 in Bristol, 2009 https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/288378409].pdf == Metswedi == 5l7mn0qm3lik2lsqn4wbxy7dslro3r2 0 11845 51482 50128 2026-06-25T02:59:23Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51482 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography|name=Dineo Magagula|birth_date=14 October 1994|position=[[Goalkeeper (association football)|Goalkeeper]]|currentclub=[[TS Galaxy Queens]]|clubnumber=1|clubs1=[[UJ Ladies FC|University of Johannesburg]]|years1=-2022|years2=2022-|clubs2=[[TS Galaxy Queens]]|nationalteam1=[[South Africa women's national soccer team|South Africa]]|nationalyears1=2022-|medaltemplates={{Medal|Country|{{fba|South Africa}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[COSAFA Women's Championship]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[2022 COSAFA Women's Championship|2022 South Africa]]|}}}} '''Dineo Magagula''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Phalane a le lesome le bone 1994) ke [[:en:Soccer_player|motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao]] wa Aforika Borwa yo o tshamekang e le [[:en:Goalkeeper_(association_football)|motshwaradino]] wa setlhopha sa [[:en:SAFA_Women's_League|Liki ya Basadi ya SAFA]] sa [[:en:TS_Galaxy_Queens|TS Galaxy Queens]] le [[:en:South_Africa_women's_national_soccer_team|setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa basadi sa Aforika Borwa]]. == Tiro ya setlhopha == === Mmadikolo wa Johannesburg === Ka 2019, o ne a thusa setlhopha seno go boloka sekgele sa sone sa 2018 sa [[:en:University_Sports_South_Africa|Metshameko ya mmadikolo wa kwa Aforika Borwa]] (USSA).<ref>Communications, Full Stop (2019-12-10). [https://gsport.co.za/uj-retain-title-in-ussa-soccer-champs/ "UJ Retain Title in USSA Soccer Champs"]. ''gsport4girls''. Retrieved 18 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> Moragonyana mo ngwageng oo, o ne a tsenngwa mo Setlhopheng sa SA sa [[:en:2019_Summer_Universiade|Metshameko ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Baithuti]] e e neng e tshwaretswe kwa [[:en:Naples|Naples]], Italy.<ref>Newsroom, gsport (2019-05-29). [https://gsport.co.za/team-sa-to-30th-summer-universiade-in-napoli-unveiled/ "Team SA to 30th Summer Universiade in Napoli Unveiled"]. gsport4girls. Retrieved 18 ngwanaatsele 2025. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)</ref> === TS Galaxy Queens === O tseneletse setlhopha sa [[:en:SAFA_Women's_League|Liki ya Basadi ya SAFA]] sa [[:en:TS_Galaxy_Queens|TS Galaxy Queens]] pele ga setlha sa 2023.<ref>Hare, Rudene (2023-02-04). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250515094052/https://gsport.co.za/ts-galaxy-queens-squad-announced-for-hollywoodbets-super-league-season/ "TS Galaxy Queens Squad Announced for Hollywoodbets Super League Season"]. ''gsport4girls''. Retrieved 18 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> == Tiro ya boditšhabatšhaba == Magagula o ne a gaisanela [[:en:South_Africa_women's_national_soccer_team|setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa basadi sa Aforika Borwa]] kwa [[:en:2022_COSAFA_Women's_Championship|Dikgaisanong tsa Basadi tsa COSAFA tsa 2022]] fa ba ne ba fetsa e le ba bobedi fa morago ga [[:en:Zambia_women's_national_football_team|Zambia]].<ref>[https://www.safa.net/2022/08/16/dludlu-to-guide-banyana-banyana-to-2022-cosafa-championships/ "Dludlu to guide Banyana Banyana to 2022 COSAFA Championships - SAFA.net"]. 2022-08-16. Retrieved 18 November 2025.</ref><ref>Times, iDiski (2022-09-11). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250910121937/https://www.idiskitimes.co.za/featured/extra-time-banda-goal-downs-banyana/ "Extra-Time Banda Goal Downs Banyana"]. ''iDiski Times''. Retrieved 18 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Magagula o weditse [[:en:Diploma|Dipoloma]] ya Botsamaisi jwa Dipalangwa go tswa kwa [[:en:University_of_Johannesburg|mmadikolo wa Johannesburg]] ka 2021.<ref>Tinyiko Barbara, Ngobeni (7 August 2025). [https://joburg.org.za/media_/Newsroom/Pages/2025-News-Articles/Fire-still-burns-for-City-of-Joburg%E2%80%99s-and-Banyana%E2%80%99s-star-Dineo-Magagula.aspx "Fire still burns for City of Joburg's and Banyana's star Dineo Magagula"]. Joburg.org. Retrieved 2 February 2026.</ref> == Dietsele == '''Aforika Borwa''' * [[:en:COSAFA_Women's_Championship|Bommampodi ba Basadi ba COSAFA]]:Bafenyi: [[:en:2022_COSAFA_Women's_Championship|2022]] '''Mmadikolo wa Johannesburg''' * [[:en:University_Sports_South_Africa|Metshameko ya Mmadikolo wa Aforikaborwa (USSA)]]:2018,2019 '''TS Galaxy Queens''' * Maemo a boraro a Liki ya Basadi ya SAFA: [[:en:2025_SAFA_Women's_League|2025]] '''Mong''' * [[:en:SAFA_Women's_League|SAFA Women's League]] goalkeeper of the season:[[:en:2025_SAFA_Women's_League|2025]] == Metswedi == <references /> dr5r09xt9hr5vjjb4xaeyz5ujd0ej4y 0 11944 51550 51080 2026-06-25T10:46:25Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51550 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nompumelelo Thembekile Madisa''' (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1979), yo o itsegeng jaaka Mpumi Madisa, ke mosadi wa kgwebo wa Aforika Borwa. Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ale boferabobedi(8) ka ngwaga wa 2019, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna CEO wa Bidvest Group, mosadi wa ntlha wa motho montsho le wa mo Aforika go tlhophiwa go nna [[CEO]] wa khamphani e e kwa godimo ya [[Johannesburg Stock Exchange]] e e mo setlhopheng sa 40,<ref name=":0">[https://www.news24.com/citypress]"Mpumi Madisa officially appointed as Bidvest's first female CEO". ''The South African''. 8 March 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.[https://web.archive.org/web/20191106060305/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/who-is-mpumi-madisa-bidvest-ceo/]</ref><ref name=":1">[https://fortune.com/ranking/most-powerful-women/2023/mpumi-madisa/]</ref><ref>"Bidvest says Mpumi Madisa will be its next CEO". ''BusinessLIVE''. Retrieved 6 November 2019.[https://www.businessday.co.za/bd/companies/industrials/2019-03-04-bidvest-says-mpumi-madisa-will-be-its-next-ceo/]</ref> <ref>Africa, CNBC (16 May 2019). "How Mpumi Madisa scored top job at Bidvest". ''CNBC Africa''. Retrieved 6 November [https://web.archive.org/web/20191106060303/https://www.cnbcafrica.com/article/2019/05/16/how-mpumi-madisa-scored-top-job-at-bidvest/ 2019]</ref>e bonwang jaaka letshwao la kgatelopele e ntšhwa mo go fetoleng bong mo kgwebong mo Aforika Borwa. <ref name=":2">Africa, Forbes. "'I Don't Do Suave'". Retrieved 6 November [https://web.archive.org/web/20191106062641/https://www.forbeswomanafrica.com/entrepreneurs/2019/07/23/i-dont-do-suave/ 2019]</ref><ref name=":3">"President congratulates incoming Bidvest's CEO Mpumi Madisa". ''South Africa Government''. 8 March 2019. Retrieved 6 November [https://web.archive.org/web/20230326145957/https://www.thepresidency.gov.za/press-statements/president-congratulates-incoming-bidvest%E2%80%99s-ceo-mpumi-madisa 2019]</ref><ref>"Executive Directors". Bidvest. Retrieved 6 November [https://web.archive.org/web/20250729092808/https://bidvest.co.za/executive-directors 2019]</ref> == Botshelo le thuto == Madisa o tsholetswe kwa Mohlakeng, kwa bophirima jwa Gauteng mo [[Afrika Borwa]]. O goletse kwa Sebokeng kwa [[borwa jwa Johannesburg]]. Ke mongwe wa bana ba le banè. O ne a tsena sekolo sa poraemari le sa sekontari kwa Sancta Maria Junior High le kwa Mondeor High School ka go latelana. O ne a tsweletsa dithuto tsa gagwe kwa Wits University koo a neng a fetola dithuto tsa gagwe go tswa mo go tsa saense go ya go tsa dipalo, dipalopalo le ikonomi. O na le dikirii ya bachelor mo go tsa ikonomi le dipalo, [[BComm]] honours degree mo go tsa ikonomi le master's degree mo go tsa madi le dipeeletso, tsotlhe go tswa kwa [[Wits University]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":4">"Mpumi Madisa – Business Leadership South Africa". Retrieved 6 November [https://web.archive.org/web/20191106062642/https://blsa.org.za/about-us/the-board/mpumi-madisa/ 2019]</ref><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> == Tiro == Fela fa a sena go fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe tsa teritiary, o ne a thapiwa ke Hollard Insurance jaaka mothusi wa mmaraka wa moithuti. O ne a dira koo dikgwedi di le lesome le boferabobedi (18) mme morago ga moo a ya go dira kwa Prestige, e leng setlamo se se thusang sa Bidvest se se kgethegileng mo go phepafatseng. [[Kwa Prestige]], o ne a dira jaaka mookamedi wa dikamano le bareki, maemo a a neng a a bopetswe ene le tshimologo ya tiro ya gagwe. Dingwaga di le tharo morago ga moo, o ne a tlogela Prestige go ya go dira mo tirelong ya setšhaba koo a neng a le motsamaisimogolo wa phetogo kwa lefapheng la Gauteng la temothuo le tlhabololo ya metseselegae. Fa a boela kwa Prestige, o ne a direla jaaka motsamaisi wa merero ya khamphane yo o ikarabelelang mo mafapheng a le manè le motsamaisi wa thekiso. Dikgwedi di sekae morago ga moo, o ne a tlhatlosiwa maemo go ya go dira mo setlhopheng mme a tlhomiwa go nna leloko la boto ya Bidvest. Ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe ale boferabobedi(8) ka ngwaga wa 2019, o ne a nna mosadi wa ntlha go tlhomiwa go nna Motlhankedi-mogolo wa Bidvest Group, maemo a a a tsereng ka botlalo ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 2020.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4" /><ref>"The logic behind Bidvest". ''Fin24''. 29 July 2019. Retrieved 6 November [https://www.news24.com/business 2019]</ref><ref>"Mpumi Madisa « Africa Strategy Execution Conference". Retrieved 6 November [https://web.archive.org/web/20191106063040/https://strategyexecution.africa/speakers/nompumelelo-thembekile-madisa/ 2019]</ref><ref name=":3" /> == Dikgele le ditlotla == Madisa o ne a le mo maemong a bo 94 mo lenaaneng la Fortune la Basadi ba ba Maatla go Gaisa ka ngwaga wa 2023 <ref name=":1" /> Madisa o ne a bidiwa Business Leader of the Year ke Sunday Times ka 2023<ref>Venter, Liesl (23 November 2023). "Business Leader of the Year: Mpumi Madisa: Driving force for growth and transformation". Sunday Times. Retrieved 16 November 2023.[https://www.sundaytimes.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/business/business/2023-11-12-business-leader-of-the-year--mpumi-madisa-driving-force-for-growth-and-transformation/]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2023, o ne a le mo maemong a bo 88 mo lenaaneng la Forbes la "Basadi ba le 100 ba ba maatla go gaisa mo lefatsheng"<ref>"The World's Most Powerful Women 2023". ''Forbes''.[https://www.forbes.com/lists/power-women/]</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Madisa o nyetse mme o na le ngwana a le mongwe.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/citypress]</ref> == Metswedi == r6hm4s9hmgsi6eywn1lq5i3lvhg0y5t 0 12099 51551 49148 2026-06-25T10:46:29Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51551 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football biography|name=Mpumi Nyandeni|full_name=Nompumelelo Nyandeni|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1987|8|19}}|birth_place=[[South Africa]]|height=1.63 m|position=[[Midfielder]]|currentclub=[[JVW]]|clubnumber=18|clubs1=[[WFC Rossiyanka]]|clubs2=[[JVW FC]]|years2=-2022|goals2=55|clubs3=[[TS Galaxy Queens]]|years3=2023-2024|caps3=60|goals3=7|clubs4=[[JVW FC]]|years4=2024-|nationalteam1=[[South Africa women's national football team|South Africa]]|nationalyears1=2002–2025|nationalcaps1=150|nationalgoals1=39|club-update=11 August 2014|nationalteam-update=8 April 2025}} '''Nompumelelo "Mpumi" Nyandeni''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Phatwe a le lesome le boferabongwe 1987) ke [[motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao]] wa [[Aforika Borwa]] wa fa gare wa setlhopha sa [[JVW]] sa [[Liki ya Basadi ya SAFA]]. Nyandeni o emetse [[setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa kgwele ya dinao sa basadi sa Aforika Borwa]] makgetho a le lekgolo le masome a matlhano, go akaretsa le kwa Diolimpiking tsa Selemo tsa 2012 le 2016 ka bobedi. Ke motshameki wa boraro yo o tshamekileng thata mo setlhopheng sa bosetšhaba.<ref name=":2">Mthembu, Thuthukani. [https://www.iol.co.za/sport/soccer/banyana-banyanas-nyandeni-set-for-emotional-farewell-in-final-match-against-malawi-b81f7a21-f37a-4eec-bb3a-556354d8cff5 "Banyana Banyana's Nyandeni set for emotional farewell in final match against Malawi"]. ''www.iol.co.za''. Retrieved 27 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> Ka 2010, o ne a tsaya karolo mo letsholong la FIFA la go tokafatsa botsogo ka kgwele ya dinao ya itlosobodutu mmogo le batshameki ba tshwana [[Cristiano Ronaldo]], [[Lionel Messi]], le [[Didier Drogba]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111016212758/http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/footballdevelopment/medical/media/news/newsid=1172509/index.html <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>] [[:en:FIFA|FIFA]]</ref> O ne a nna mokapotene wa JVW kwa dikgaisanong tsa bosetšhaba ka 2019.<ref name=":0">Ndumela, Mntungwa (8 December 2019). [https://sasolinsport.co.za/jvw-crowned-2019-sasol-league-national-champions/#:~:text=Gauteng%20based%20JVW%20Football%20Club,took%20place%20in%20Tsakane,%20Ekurhuleni. "JVW Crowned 2019 Sasol League National Champions"]. ''Sasol In Sport''. Retrieved 27 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> Ka 2022 o ne a bidiwa motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao wa basadi wa ngwaga wa Mokgatlho wa Babegadikgang ba Kgwele ya Dinao wa Aforika Borwa (Safja).<ref name=":1">Mjikeliso, Compiled by Sibusiso. [https://www.news24.com/sport/soccer/bafanabafana/100-cap-banyana-veteran-nyandeni-wins-football-writers-player-of-the-year-award-20230321 "100-cap Banyana veteran Nyandeni wins football writers' player of the year award"]. ''Sport''. Retrieved 27 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> == Tiro ya setlhopha == Mpumi Nyandeni o fitile ka tsamaiso ya bašha ya Detroit Ladies e e kwa [[Mpumalanga]]. Fa a ne a le motshameki wa basha, o ne a gaisana le batshameki ba bagolo go bona maemo mo setlhopheng se segolo. Morago ga moo o ne a fudugela kwa [[WFC Rossiyanka]] mo Kgaisanong ya Kgwele ya Dinao ya Basadi ya Russia. Ka 2011, o ne a tlhophiwa ke FIFA jaaka mongwe wa letlhakore la batshameki ba le lesome le motso ba boditšhabatšhaba go rotloetsa dikgang tsa botsogo mo bašheng; ba bangwe mo lenaaneng leno ba ne ba akaretsa [[Lionel Messi]] le [[Cristiano Ronaldo]].<ref name=":3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074541/http://sawomensoccer.com/mpumi-skito-nyandeni-road-to-international-stardom-and-life-and-russia "Mpumi "Skito" Nyandeni Road To International Stardom And Life And Russia"]. SA Women. 8 May 2012. Archived from [http://sawomensoccer.com/mpumi-skito-nyandeni-road-to-international-stardom-and-life-and-russia the original] on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> Fa a le kwa Rossiyanka, o ne a kopana le [[Refiloe Jane]] lekgetho la ntlha, yo o neng a tlhotlheleditswe ke Nyandeni mme moragonyana le ene a ne a tla nna motshameki wa boditšhabatšhaba wa Aforika Borwa.<ref>Mailwane, Tshepang (22 August 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170510173522/http://www.sowetanlive.co.za/sport/2015/08/22/ball-girl-now-a-star-banyana-player "Ball girl now a star Banyana player"]. ''Sowetan Live''. Retrieved 27 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> === JVW === Ka 2019 o ne a nna mokapotene wa JVW go bona sekgele sa bone sa ntlha fa ba ne ba fenya [[Dikgaisano tsa Bosetšhaba tsa Sasol League tsa 2019]]<ref name=":0" /> Ka 2021, o ne a le monosi wa dino yo o kwa godimo mmogo le Andisiwe Mgcoyi ka dino di le masome mabedi le bosupa a thusa JVW go nna mo maemong a ntlha a botlhano mo liking.<ref>Kganakga, Tlamelo (28 March 2022). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240526115337/https://gsport.co.za/hbsl-honours-top-2021-22-season-performers/ "HBSL Honours Top 2021/22 Season Performers"]. ''gsport4girls''. Retrieved 27 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> O nositse dino di le masome mararo mo setlheng sa 2022 mme a gapa sekgele sa go nosa dino tse di kwa godimo mo setlheng sa bobedi ka go latelana.<ref>[https://www.safa.net/2022/12/04/sundowns-ladies-dominate-the-2022-hollywoodbets-super-league-awards/ "Sundowns Ladies dominate the 2022 Hollywoodbets Super League Awards - SAFA.net"]. 4 December 2022. Retrieved 27 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> O ne a konela setlha seo ka go fenya sekgele sa 2022 sa Mokgatlho wa Babegadikgang ba Kgwele ya Dinao wa Aforika Borwa (Safja) wa motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao wa Basadi wa ngwaga.<ref name=":1" /> === TS Galaxy Queens === Ka 2023, o ne a nna leloko la TS Galaxy Queens.<ref>Hare, Rudene (4 February 2023). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250515094052/https://gsport.co.za/ts-galaxy-queens-squad-announced-for-hollywoodbets-super-league-season/ "TS Galaxy Queens Squad Announced for Hollywoodbets Super League Season"]. ''gsport4girls''. Retrieved 27 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> O nositse dino di le 7 mo setlhopheng mo setlheng sa 2023. === JVW === Ka Mopitlo 2024, o ne a boela kwa JVW. == Tiro ya boditšhabatšhaba == O ne a tshameka lekgetlho la ntlha mo setlhopheng sa bosetšhaba a le dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano ka 2002.<ref name=":2" /> Nyandeni o biditswe go tshameka mo [[setlhopheng sa bosetšhaba sa kgwele ya dinao sa basadi sa Aforika Borwa]] ka nako ya metshameko ya go ipatela phatlha kwa Diolimpiking tsa Selemo tsa 2012 kwa [[Lontone]], kwa United Kingdom. O ne a swabisitswe ke go tlosiwa mo setlhopheng, se a neng a se amanya le go fetofetoga ga sebopego sa gagwe, mme o ne a bidiwa gape mme moragonyana a tshamekela Aforika Borwa mo metshamekong e le meraro kwa Metshamekong ka boyone.<ref name=":3" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418065704/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ny/mpumi-nyandeni-1.html "Mpumi Nyandeni"]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_Reference Sports Reference]. Archived from [https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ny/mpumi-nyandeni-1.html the original] on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 27 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> Fa e sa le ka nako eo o nnile mongwe wa batshameki ba ba nang le maitemogelo thata mo setlhopheng sa Aforika Borwa, e le mongwe wa batshameki ba le bane mmogo le [[Janine van Wyk]], [[Amanda Dlamini]] le [[Noko Matlou]] ba ba nang le iponagatso tse di fetang lekgolo mongwe le mongwe wa bone.<ref>Molobi, Timothy (2 August 2016). [http://city-press.news24.com/Sport/banyana-seek-redemption-at-rio-games-20160730 "Banyana seek redemption at Rio Games"]. ''News 24''. Retrieved 27 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> O ne a tlhophiwa gape go nna mo setlhopheng sa Diolimpiki tsa Selemo tsa 2016 kwa [[Rio de Janeiro]], kwa Brazil.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161127221405/https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/mpumi-nyandeni "Nyandeni, Mpumi"]. Rio 2016. Archived from [https://www.rio2016.com/en/athlete/mpumi-nyandeni the original] on 27 November 2016. Retrieved 27 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> Ka Moranang 2025 o ne a bidiwa mo setlhopheng go tshameka iponagatso ya gagwe ya bo lekgolo le masome a matlhano.<ref>Morake, Matlhomola. [https://www.news24.com/citypress/sport/almost-forgotten-banyana-midfielder-mpumi-nyandeni-is-in-line-for-a-150th-cap-20231124 "Almost forgotten Banyana midfielder Mpumi Nyandeni is in line for a 150th cap"]. ''City Press''. Retrieved 27 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> Nyandeni e ne e le mokapotene wa Banyana Banyana mo motshamekong wa gagwe wa bo lekgolo le masome a matlhano mo phenyong ya 2-1 kgatlhanong le Malawi ka Moranang a ferabobedi 2025 kwa Lebaaleng la Lucas Moripe.<ref>Ntloko, Mninawa (7 April 2025). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250515091806/https://safa.net/2025/04/07/nyandeni-prepares-for-her-final-cap-as-banyana-wrap-up-series-against-malawi/ "Nyandeni prepares for her final cap as Banyana wrap up series against Malawi - SAFA.net"]. Retrieved 27 Ngwanaatsele 2025.</ref> Ke motshameki wa boraro yo o tshamekileng diponagatso tse dintsi morago ga [[Noko Matlou]] (diponagatso di le lekgolo le masome a supa le bone) le [[Janine van Wyk]] (diponagatso di le lekgolo le masome a ferabobedi le metso e metlhano).<ref name=":2" /> === Dino tsa boditšhabatšhaba === {| class="wikitable" !No. !Letsatsi !Lefelo !Moganetsi !Dino !Maduo !Kgaisano |- |1 |21 November 2018 |[[Cape Coast Sports Stadium]], [[Cape Coast]], [[Ghana]] | [[Equatorial Guinea]] |'''2'''–0 |7–1 |[[2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations]] |} == Ditlotla == * Sasol League National Championship: 2019 '''Ka bo ga gagwe''' * 2021 SAFA Women's League: Top Goal Scorer (dino tse masome mabedi le bosupa) * 2022 SAFA Women's League: Top Goal Scorer (dino tse masome mararo) * 2022 South African Football Journalists' Association (Safja): Women's footballer of the year == Metswedi == mccckwl9ifg4ibnw3n4j2qlkk2nejoj 0 12509 51486 50996 2026-06-25T05:04:49Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Helen Zille|image=Helen Zille in Mpumalanga (cropped).jpg|caption=Zille a etetse [[Mpumalanga]] ka Firikgong 2011|honorific-prefix=Motlotlegi|office=Modulasetilo wa khansele ya [[Democratic Alliance]]|term_start=Phalane a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa 2019|deputy=[[Annelie Lotriet]] [[Thomas Walters]] [[James Masango]] [[Ashor Sarupen]]|leader=[[John Steenhuisen]]|predecessor=[[James Selfe]]|office1=Moeteledipele wa [[Democratic Alliance]]|term_start1=Motsheganong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 2007|term_end1=Motsheganong a le malatsi a le lesome ngwaga wa 2019|predecessor1=[[Lynne Brown]]|successor1=[[Alan Winde]]|office2=Mmatoropo wa [[Cape Town]]|term_start2=Mopitlo a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2006|term_end2=Moranang a le masome mararo ngwaga wa 2009|deputy2=[[Grant Haskin]]|predecessor2=[[Nomaindiya Mfeketo]]|successor2=[[Grant Haskin]] (a tshwareletse) [[Dan Plato]]|office3=Mopalamente wa [[Aforika Borwa]]|term_start3=Moranang a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 2004|term_end3=Motsheganong a le malatsi a supa ngwaga wa 2006|constituency3=[[Kapa Bophirima]]|office4=Mopalamente wa kgaolo ya [[Kapa Bophirima]]|term_start4=Motsheganong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 1999|term_end4=Moranang a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa 2004|office5=Mookamedi wa ditlhaeletsanyo le botsalano le setshaba kwa [[University of Cape Town]]|term_start5=Seetebosigo a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 1999|term_end5=Moranang a le lesome leboraro ngwaga wa 2004|birth_name=Otta Helene Zille|birth_date=Mopitlo a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa 1951|birth_place=[[Hillbrow]] [[Johannesburg]] [[Transvaal]] [[Aforika Borwa]]|party=[[Democratic Alliance]] (2000 go tsena gompieno)|otherparty=[[Democratic Party]] (pele ga 2000)|spouse=Johann Maree|children=Ba le babedi|residence=[[Cape Town]] [[Kapa Bophirima]] [[ Aforika Borwa]]|alma_mater=[[St Mary's School]] [[Waverley]] [[University of the Witwatersrand]]|occupation=Mopolotiki Molweladitshwanelo|profession=Mmegadikgang|office6=Moeteledipele wa bosupa wa [[Kapa Bophirima]]|term_start7=Motsheganong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 2009|term_end7=Motsheganonga le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa 2019|predecessor7=[[Lynne Brown]]|successor7=[[Alan Winde]]}} '''Otta Helene Maree''' (o a neng a fana ka '''Zille''' pele<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/zille "Zille".] ''Collins English Dictionary''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref>, a tshotswe ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa 1951), o o itsegeng ka leina la '''Helen Zille''', ke mopolotiki wa kwa [[Aforika Borwa|Aforika Borwa.]] O berekile e le modulasetilo wa khansele ya [[Democratic Alliance]] fa e sale ka Phalane a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa 2019. Go tswa ka 2009 go tsena 2019, e ne e le moeteledipele wa kgaolo ya [[Kapa Bophirima]] mo ditlheng tse pedi tsa dingwaga tse tlhano setlha sengwe le sengwe,<ref>[https://iol.co.za/index.php?art_id=nw20090506124045976C370668 "Applause as Zille secures premiership".] ''IOL''. 6 May 2009. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> gape e le leloko la palamente ya kgaolo ya Kapa Bophirima.<ref>[https://thepost.co.za/?fSectionId=&fArticleId=vn20090430054123852C824587 Zille leaves mayor's post] Archived 30 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine Post. 30 April 2009</ref> O berekile e le moeteledipele wa Democratic Alliance go tswa ka 2007 go tsena 2015 le ele mmatoropo wa toropo ya Kapa go tswa ka 2006 go tsena 2009. Zille o kile a bo e le mmega dikgang le molwela ditshwanelo o o kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210123044835/http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/236972,worlds-best-mayor-helen-zille-says-award-a-boon-for-democracy.html "Earth Times: show/236972,worlds-best-mayor-helen-zille-says-award-a-boon-for-democracy.html"]. ''www.earthtimes.org''. Archived from the original on 23 January 2021. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120614053923/http://www.sahistory.org.za/people/helen-zille "Helen Zille"]. Archived from the original on 14 June 2012. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7998328.stm "Profile: Helen Zille".] ''BBC News''. 15 April 2009. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> e ne e le mongwe wa babegadikgang ba ba neng ba upulola go fitlhiwa ga loso lwa moeteledipele wa lekgotla la [[Black Consciousness]] [[Steve Biko]] fa a berekela ''Rand Daily Mail'' ka dingwaga tsa 1970.<ref name=":0">[https://iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=6&art_id=vn20070909111739807C780534 "Steve Biko's legacy lives on – Zille".]</ref> O berekile gape le Black Sash le ditlhopha tse dingwe tse di neng di lwela puso ya batho la batho ka dingwaga tsa 1980. Zille o bua diteme tsa English, [[Seburu|Afrikaans]],[[Xhosa]] le [[German]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090802172056/http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/Pages/profilefull.aspx?IndID=3528 "Helen Zille Biography".] Archived from the original on 2 August 2009.</ref> Morago ga go tswa ga gagwe mo boeteledingpele ka Motsheganong 2019, o ne a tsena mo South African Institute of Race Relations e le moithutuntshi wa molao ka Phukwi 2019 le ntswa a ne a emisa go ithuta ka nakwana ka Phalane 2019.<ref>[https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-07-28-helen-zille-joins-the-institute-of-race-relations-as-senior-policy-fellow/ "Helen Zille joins the Institute of Race Relations as senior policy fellow".] ''SowetanLIVE & Sunday World''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> O simolotse lenaneo la podcast la gagwe la ''Tea with Helen'', ka Phatwe 2019.<ref>Boonzaaier, Dawie (18 August 2019). [https://www.netwerk24.com/Nuus/Politiek/zille-wil-max-takel-en-almal-kan-luister-20190817 "Zille wil Max takel – en almal kan luister".] ''Netwerk24'' (in Afrikaans). Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Zille o itsisitse setshaba ka maikaelelo a gagwe a go emela ditlhopho tsa mmatoropo wa Johannesburg.<ref>[https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2025/07/31/helen-zille-wants-to-save-south-africa-starting-in-johannesburg "Helen Zille wants to save South Africa, starting in Johannesburg".] ''The Economist''. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0013-0613 0013-0613]. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://www.enca.com/dancorder/will-helen-zille-win-joburg-mayor-race "Will Helen Zille Win Joburg Mayor Race? - eNCA".] ''www.enca.com''. 4 September 2025. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> == Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le tiro == === Botshelo kwa gagwe jwa pele, thuto le lolwapa === Hellen Zille o tsholetswe kwa [[Hillbrow]], Johannesburg, e le ngwana o motona wa batsadi ba ba neng ba tswa kwa [[Germany]] ba se mmogo ka dingwaga tsa 1930, go leka go tila dipolao tsa Nazi ka rraagwemogolo mo lotlhakoreng lwa ga mmaagwe, mmagwemogolo mo lotlhakoreng lwa ga rragwe e ne e le BaJuta.<ref>Schneider, Moira. [https://www.sajr.co.za/news-and-articles/2016/11/23/zille-s-jewish-roots-strike-a-poignant-note-at-book-launch Zille’s Jewish roots strike a poignant note at book launch] [https://web.archive.org/web/20191029150239/https://www.sajr.co.za/news-and-articles/2016/11/23/zille-s-jewish-roots-strike-a-poignant-note-at-book-launch Archived] 29 October 2019 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], ''South African Jewish Report'', 23 November 2016. Retrieved on 09 December 2025</ref> Go ne go dumelwa fa Zille e le setlogolwana sa motaki wa kwa Berlin [[Heinrich Zille]]. O file dikai tse di tsamaelanang le se ka ga ene mo ditsong mme a di boela morago mo bukeng ya botshelo jwa gagwe e a e gatisitseng ka 2016<ref>Helen Zille: Not Without a Fight, Cape Town 2016, S. 19–20 (<nowiki>ISBN 978-1-77609-042-6</nowiki>).</ref>. Moitseanape wa losika wa kwa Berlin Martina Rhode o ne a kwadile pele gore go na le tlhakatlhakano mo makwalong a ga malomaagwe Heinrich gareng ga batho ba leina le le tshwanang mme ba tsholetswe kwa mafelong a a farologaneng le malatsi a bone a botsalo a farologana.<ref>[https://db-brandenburg.de/?page_id=1668 "Der Berliner Pinselheinrich (Heinrich Zille) – Brandenburg – Datenbank".] ''db-brandenburg.de''.</ref> Mmaagwe e ne e le moithaopi mo ofising ya Black Sash.<ref>[http://www.worldmayor.com/contest_2008/world-mayor-2008-zille.html "Cape Town Mayor Helen Zille questioned by an international audience".] worldmayor.com. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Fa lolwapa lwa gagwe lo nna kwa [[Rivonia]], o ne a ithuta kwa [[Johannesburg]] kwa sekolong sa St. Mary's, [[Waverley]], sengwe sa dikolo tse di ikemetseng tsa toropo eo.<ref>Bronkhorst, Quinton. [https://businesstech.co.za/news/trending/70063/most-expensive-schools-in-south-africa/ "Most expensive schools in South Africa".] ''businesstech.co.za''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> O tsene sekolo kwa [[University of the Witwatersrand]], kwa a neng a aloga ka Bachelor of Arts Degree. Ka ngwaga wa 1969, o ne a nna leloko la Young Progressives, lekgotla  la banana la phathi e e gololesegileng ebile e le kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele ya [[Progressive Party]].<ref>[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/helen-zille-on-the-liberal-tradition "Helen Zille on the liberal tradition".] 13 November 2009. <q>It is daunting to be speaking to the people who have mentored me politically since the day I joined the Young Progressives forty years ago</q></ref> === Bobegadikgang jwa sepolotiki === Zille o simolotse tiro ya gagwe e le mmega dikgang wa pampiri ya dikgang ya ''Rand Daily Mail'' ka 1974.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090802172056/http://www.whoswhosa.co.za/Pages/profilefull.aspx?IndID=3528 "Who's Who: Mrs Helen Zille".] Archived from the original on 2 August 2009.</ref> Ka Lwetse 1977, tona wa Aforika Borwa wa tshiamo le sepodise [[J.T Kruger]] o ne a itsise fa molwela ditshwanelo kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele [[Steve Biko]] a tlhokafetse kwa kgolegelong e le ka ntlha ya go nna sebaka se seleele a gana go ja. Zille le morulaganyi [[Allister Sparks]] ba ne ba dumela gore polelo ya ga Kruger ke go leka go fitlha sengwe, Zille o ne a kgobokanya bosupi jo bo lekaneng jwa se morago ga go batla le go buisana le dingaka tse di amegang mo tshekong eo.<ref name=":0" /> Morago ga kgatiso ya polelo e e neng e filwe setlhogo sa "ga go na sesupo sa go gana go ja - dingaka tsa ga Biko", tona Kruger o ne a tshosetsa go fedisa pampiri eo, Zille a tshosediwa botshelo.<ref name=":0" /> Zille le Sparks ba ne ba emelwa kwa khanseleng ya bobegadikgang ya semolao ke mmueledi [[Sydney Kentridge]]. Bobedi boo ba ne ba bonwa molato wa go bega ba gobelela, pampiri eo e ne ya patelediwa go dira paakanyo. Kentridge morago o ne a thusa go rurifatsa bonnete jwa mafoko a ga Zille fa a emetse lolwapa loora Biko fa ba batlisisa ka loso lwa gagwe. Patlisiso e e ne ya upolola gore loso lwa ga Biko e ne e le ka ntlha ya go utlwa botlhoko mo tlhogong, mme ba ne ba retelelwa ke go itse gore ke mang o o bakileng seo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080523183609/http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/library-resources/online%20books/biko-no46/xi-verdict.htm "Steve Biko: XI – The Verdict"]. Archived from the original on 23 May 2008.</ref> Zille le Allister Sparks ba ne ba ithola marapo kwa ''Rand Daily Mail'', morago ga gore mong wa pampiri, Anglo American ba gwetlhe gore Sparks a emise go bua ka ditshwanelo tsa tekatekano tsa pampiri eo.<ref>Bridgland, Fred (18 April 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090422133346/http://news.scotsman.com/world/The-Zille-to-weaken-.5182707.jp "The Zille to weaken Zuma's grip".] ''The Scotsman''. Edinburgh. Archived from the original on 22 April 2009.</ref> === Letsholo kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele === Zille o ne a amega mo letsholong la Black Sasg ka dingwaga tsa 1980. O berekile mo makgotleng a kgaolo le a lefatshe, e ne e le mothusa modulasetilo wa letsholo la End Conscription kwa Kapa Bophirima. Ka nako eo, o ne a tshwarelwa go nna mo lefelong la ditlhopha a sa tshola teseletsk, a amogela nako ya go ya kgolelegelong e e neng e seegetswe kwa thoko. Zille le monna wa gagwe morago ba ne ba ntsha lolwapa lwa bone go nna botshabelo kwa balwela ditshwanelo ka nako ya seemo sa tshoganyetso ka 1986, o ne a patelediwa ka nakwana go iphitlha le ngwaba wa bone wa mosimane o a neng a le dingwaga di le pedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100914051738/http://www.stmarysschool.co.za/alumni/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86&Itemid=36 "Helen Zille (St Mary's School 1962 to 1968)".] Archived from the original on 14 September 2010.</ref> Zille o ne tsaya karolo mo porojekeng ya Aforika Borwa  morago ga puso ya tlhaolele le komiti ya Kapa ya kagiso. Morago o ne a kgobolanya bosupi jwa komiti ya [[Goldstone]] e e neng e tlhotlhomisa maiteko a go tlhakatlhakanya Kapa Bophirima pele ga ditlhopho tsa 1994.<ref>Ekerold, Chrissie (9 May 2011). [["Zille has strugglehttps://www.timeslive.co.za/ideas/2011-05-09-zille-has-struggle-credentials-ilive/ credentials: iLIVE".|"Zille has struggle credentials: iLIVE".]] ''TimesLIVE''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Not-only-ANC-fought-apartheid-Zille-20130421 "Not only ANC fought apartheid Zille".] ''News24''. 21 April 2013. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Helen Zille - two.jpg|thumb|Helen Zille]] == Tiro ya melao ya tiro == Zille o tlhamile lekgotla le le fa bogakolodi ka molao wa setshaba ka 1989, ka 1993 o ne a neelwa maemo a mookamedi wa ditlhabolo le tsa setshaba kwa [[University of Cape Town]]. Ka nako eo Zille e ne e le modulasetilo wa lekgotla le le okametseng [[Grove Primary School]], ka 1996 o ne a etelela pele kwetlho kgatlhanong le molao wa puso o o iletsang makgotla a bookamedi dithata tsa go thapa babereki.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090111181718/http://www.dispatch.co.za/1997/10/16/page%2019n.htm "Redeploying teachers set for revival".] Dispatch. 16 October 1997. Archived from the original on 11 January 2009.</ref> Zille o ne a lalediwa ke [[Democratic Party]] (e e leng Democratic Alliance gompieno) go kwala molao wa thuto kwa Kapa Bophirima. Ka ngwaga wa 1999, o ne a nna leloko la palamente ya kgaolo ya Kapa Bophirima, e le mokhanselara wa thuto.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100914051738/http://www.stmarysschool.co.za/alumni/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86&Itemid=36 "Helen Zille (St Mary's School 1962 to 1968)".] Archived from the original on 14 September 2010.</ref> Ka 2004, Zille o ne a nna leloko la palamente ka phathi ya DA. Mo DA o ne a tlhatloga maemo go nna mothusa modulasetilo le mmueledi wa phathi le wa thuto<ref>Campbell-Gillies, Victoria, Lindeque, Mia. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231112162846/https://ewn.co.za/2015/04/12/Major-milestones-in-Helen-Zilles-career Major milestones in Helen Zille's career], Johannesburg, ''EWN'', 12 April 2015. Retrieved on 09 December 2025</ref> == Mmatoropo == === Ditlhopho tsa 2006 tsa mmasepala le ts di diragetseng morago === [[Setshwantsho:Helen Zille.jpg|thumb|Mogwanto wa letsatsi la kgololesego ka 2011 kwa Solomon Mahlangu Freedom Square kwa [[Mamelodi]]]] Mo ditlhophong tsa mmasepala tsa 2006, DA e ne ya nna yone phathi e nngwefela e tona kwa Kapa ka tlhopho ya 42.0%, e le kwa pele ga [[African National Congress|African National Congres]]<nowiki/>s (ANC). Zille o ne a tlhophiwa mmatoropo ka ditlhopho di le lekgolo le borataro go di le lekgolo le boraro ka Mopitlo a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2006, morago ga DA e sena go amogela kemo nokeng ya diphathi tse dingwe tse dipotlana. Puso ya ga Zille ya diphathi tse dintsi e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go busetsa kwa morago go thapiwa ga ga [[Wallace Mgoqi]] o e neng e le mookamedi wa toropo ya Kapa, o setlha sa gagwe sa go thapiwa se neng se atolositswe ke mmatoropo o o tswang wa ANC, [[Nomaindiya Mfeketo]]. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070926223425/http://www.capeinfo.com/Surveys/Interviews/Helen_Zille.asp "...the best Cape Town mayor in decades... ?".] CapeInfo. April 2006. Archived from the original on 26 September 2007.</ref>Tshwetso ya ga Zille e ne ya dumalanwa ke kgotlatshekelo, e e neng ya atlhola gore go okediwa ga setlha sa ga Mgoqi ke mmatoropo wa pele go ne go se ka fa molaong. Zille o ganeditswe a bo a gwetlhiwa ke ANC, Ka Lwetse 2006, mokhanselara wa kgaolo wa ANC [[Richard Dyantyi]] o ne a itsise fa a loga maano a go dirisa komiti go na le go dirisa tsamaiso ya mmatoropo/rratoropo. Go dira jaana go ne go tlaa fokotsa dithata tsa mmatoropo kgotsa rratoropo, phathi e e busang e ka se kgone go aba manno a a lesome mo komiting, ka jalo e ne e tlaa akaretsa tekatekano ya baemedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061026085835/http://www.sabcnews.com/politics/the_parties/0,2172,135339,00.html "Leon says Mbeki behind plan to oust Zille".] SABC News. 22 September 2006. Archived from the original on 26 October 2006. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Dyanti le Zille ba ne ba dumalana go dirisa tsamaiso e e teng ya mmatoropo kgotsa rratoropo fa ANC e ka neelwa dikomit potlana tse pedi mo dikgaolong tse di laolwang ke ANC. Ka jalo kgang e ne ya rarabololwa jalo.<ref>Maclennan, Ben (1 November 2006). [https://web.archive.org/web/20060615021453/http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1 "Zille keeps the reins in Cape Town".] IOL. Archived from the original on 15 June 2006.</ref> === Dikgwetlho === Maikaelelo a ga Zille fa e le mmatoropo a ne a akaretsa seabe sa [[Cape Town]] mo go tshwareng metshameko ya sejana sa lefatshe sa [[FIFA]] ka 2010, ga mmogo le go agiwa ga lobala lwa metshameko lwa Kapa, lo go neng go tshwarelwa metshameko ya kgwele ya dinao e robabobedi ka 2010.<ref>[https://www.capetownmagazine.com/news/helen-zille-speaks-at-the-cape-town-world-cup-2010-logo-launch/10_22_2587 "Helen Zille Speaks at the Cape Town World Cup 2010 Logo Launch in Cape Town".] ''capetownmagazine.com''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Matshwenyego magolo a ga Zille e ne e le tiriso botlhaswa ditagi kwa Kapa, bogolo jang crystal methamphetamine (tik). O ne a re go rotloediwe mafelo a go thusa go emisa ditagie madi a a tswang mo pusong go lwantsha tiriso ya ditagi, o ne a kopana le makgotla go bua ka kgang e.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060615021453/http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1 "Zille to meet with Lentegeur community"]. IOL. 22 June 2007. Archived from the original on 15 June 2006.</ref> Zille o ne a gana mananeo a go akaretsa mapodisi a metro mo ditirelong tsa sepodisi ka kakaretso, are go dira jalo go tlaa fokotsa dithata tsa puso ya magae mme e tlogelele ramapodisi wa nako eo [[Jackie Selebi]]<ref>Ensor, Linda (28 July 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090111182217/http://www.businessday.co.za/Articles/TarkArticle.aspx?ID=2910746 "The battle for Metro cops". Business Day. Archived from the original on 11 January 2009. Retrieved 22 February 2008. <q>According to her (Zille), Selebi was presiding over a police force that was steadily losing its ability to deliver on its mandate, and his control should not be extended.</q>]</ref> taolo, o morago a neng a lebisiwa molato wa tshenyetso setshaba.<ref>Adriaan, Basson (3 August 2010). [https://mg.co.za/article/2010-08-03-selebi-sentenced-to-15-years/ "Selebi sentenced to 15 years".] ''Mail & Guardian''. Retrieved 09 December 2025. <q>Former police chief Jackie Selebi was sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment by Judge Meyer Joffe in the South Gauteng High Court on Tuesday, who called him an "embarrassment to South Africa and the police"</q></ref> === Dikatlego === ==== Bonno le go isa ditirelo kwa bathong ==== Le ntswa puso ya kgaolo e seng ya mo gae e neetswe maikarabelo a go fa batho matlo,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190728221553/http://www.knysna.gov.za/weeklynews/the-role-of-municipalities-in-the-delivery-of-housing/ The role of Municipalities in the delivery of housing]. Archived 28 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine, ''Knysna''. Retrieved on 09 December 2025</ref> Zille o ne a re maiteko  a gagwe a mmasepala a go fetola manaane a bonno le go tokafatsa ditsamaiso tsa go rurifatsa, a letla le go fa batho matlo gore go oketsege go tswa kwa diketeng tse tharo ka ngwaga go tsena di le dikete di supa ka ngwaga ka 2006 go tsena 2008 mo pusong ya gagwe e le mmatoropo.<ref>Zille, Helen (11 January 2009). [https://www.polity.org.za/article/da-zille-extract-from-a-speech-by-the-leader-of-the-democratic-alliance-at-bela-bela-in-limpopo-11092009-2009-01-11 "DA: Zille: Extract from a speech by the leader of the Democratic Alliance at Bela Bela in Limpopo (11/09/2009)".] Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Mo tsebeng ya setlhogo sa "ANC e rata lehuma eseng bahumanegi", e e gatisitsweng pele ga ditlhopho tsa 2009, Zille o ne supa fa go sena madi a a seegetsweng kwa thoko go tlhabolola mekhukhu mo tsamaisong ya ANC, fa ka 2007 puso ya gagwe e ne e beile madi a metsi, motlakase le kgopo leswe.<ref>Zille, Helen. [https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/the-anc-is-propoverty-not-propoor--helen-zille "ANC is pro-poverty not pro-poor".]</ref> == Moeteledipele wa DA == [[Setshwantsho:Helen Zille and Gauteng DA leader Janet Semple.jpg|thumb|Zille le moeteledipele wa DA wa [[Gauteng]] Janet Semple]] ==== Ditlhopho ==== Ka Mopitlo a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2007, Zille o ne ipaya ntlhopheng o o yang go tlhatlhama moeteledipele o o tswang wa DA,[[Tony Leon]]. E ne e le mmamoratwa go tswa kwa tshimologong, a na le kemo nokeng ya [[Kapa Bophirima]], [[Gauteng|Gauteng,]] [[KwaZulu-Natal]],[[Mpumalanga]], [[Kapa Bokone]], [[Free State]] le [[Kapa Botlhaba]].<ref>Majova 2007.</ref> O ne a tlhophiwa e le moeteledipele o mosha ke bontsi ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 2007. O ne a supa fa a tlaa etelela pele phathi kwa ntle ga palamente, fa a tswelela ka maemo a gagwe a mmatoropo wa Kapa. ==== Mathata ==== [[Setshwantsho:De Lille Zille.jpg|thumb|Helen Zille le Patricia de Lille kwa bokopanong jwa DA ka 2010]] Fa a nna moeteledipele wa DA, Zille o ne a gwetlha puso e e busang ka dikgang di le dintsi.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2007-08-28-mbeki-and-zille-meet-on-range-of-issues/ Mbeki and Zille meet on range of issues], ''Mail & Guardian'', 28 August 2007. Retrieved on 09 December 2025</ref> ==== Borukutlhi ==== Sengwe se se neng se tshwentse Zille e ne e le go tsibogela dipalo tsa borukutlhi jwa puso tse di neng di ntshitswe ka Phukwi 2007.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060615021453/http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1 "'Bland' government ducking the facts — Zille"]. IOL. 7 July 2007. Archived from the original on 15 June 2006.</ref> O ne a supa puso ka monwana are e atswa dirukutlhi ka go baya ba ba lebisitsweng melato kwa godimo mo lenaaneng la bone la bopalamente.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2009-01-23-zille-anc-rewards-crime/ "Zille: ANC rewards crime"]. 23 January 2009</ref> Zille o ne a re DA e tlaa busetsa makgotlana a tshireletso ya bana a South African Narcotics Bureau le Scorpions Unit, a otlhe a phatlhaladitsweng.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2008-03-08-zille-heroin-easier-to-buy-than-hamburgers/ "Zille: Heroin easier to buy than hamburgers"]. 8 March 2008.</ref> Ka Phatwe 2008, Zille o ne a itsise dikakanyo tsa go oketsa palo ya mapodisi go nna dikete di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano, go thapa basekaseki ba sepodisi ba bangwe ba le dikete di le masome a mararo, go tlhabolola mananeo le tiriso ya botegeniki, le go fetola tsamaiso ya tshiamo. O ne a re lenaneo le lesha la phathi kgatlhanong le borukutlhi le tlaa akaretsa go nna teng ga letlole la batswasetlhabelo ba borukutlhi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110613142446/http://www.da.org.za/?p=28 "Conquering fear, commanding hope: the DA's criminal justice plan".] Archived from the original on 13 June 2011.</ref> ==== Botsogo ==== [[Setshwantsho:Helen Zille in Mpumalanga 2011.jpg|thumb|Zille a gwanta kwa [[Mpumalanga]] pele ga ditlhopho tsa 2011 tsa mmasepala]] Zille o ne a le kgatlhanong le  molao wa go fetola seemo sa botsogo, o o neng o letla go tsaya karolo ga puso mo maphateng a botsogo a a ikemetseng. O ne a re puso e tlaa senya tsamaiso. O ne a re go na le kgonagalo ya gore puso e ka kganela dikete tsa baitseanape ba botsogo.<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/200806100145.html "South Africa: Zille Says Health Bill Will Drive Skills Away".] allAfrica. 10 June 2008.</ref> Ene le phathi ya gagwe ya sepolotiki ba ne ba tla ka mogopolo o sele wa lenaneo la botsogo la go dira maphata a botsogo a puso gore a nne a a ikemetseng.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060615021453/http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1 "Let private sector run state hospitals — DA"]. IOL Online. 9 June 2008. Archived from the original on 15 June 2006.</ref> Molawana wa botsogo o ne wa nna molao ka 2013, o letla go tlhamiwa ga ofisi e ntsha ya go obamela dieelo tsa botsogo.<ref>[https://www.polity.org.za/article/national-health-amendment-act-act-no-12-of-2013-2013-07-24 "National Health Amendment Act 12 of 2013".] Archived from the original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> ==== Go ikemela ga molao ==== Fa a le moeteledipele wa DA, Zille o ne a botsa thata ka go ikemela ga molao mo Aforika Borwa, se se gwetlhiwa ke maitshwaro a tautona wa moatlhodi [[John Hlophe]] mo go lekeng go rotloetsa baatlhodi ba kgotlatshekelo ya molao motheo go sekamela mo lotlhakoreng lwa ga tautona Jacob Zuma. O ne a re go na le tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala mo go ba ba mo molaong, ebile a kgala seo ka mafoko.<ref>Zille, Helen (13 June 2008). [https://www.moneyweb.co.za/moneyweb-radio/en-aftree-beleggings-hou-baie-belastingvoordele-in/?oid=210912&sn=Detail "ANC cultivating a 'compliant judiciary'".] Moneyweb.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090111190838/http://www.thetimes.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=784709 "Hlophe rocks Zille's faith in judges".] ''Sunday Times''. 13 June 2008. Archived from the original on 11 January 2009.</ref> ==== Ngangisano ya sepolotiki ==== Ka Seetebosigo 2008, o ne a gwetlha tautona wa ANC le ntlhopheng wa 2009 wa botautona, [[Jacob Zuma]] go ngangisana phatlhalatsa ka dikgang tsa boremelelo di le lesome di tshwana le tumalano ya dibetsa, go phatlaladiwa ga lekgotla la Scorpions, seemo sa kwa [[Zimbabwe]], HIV/AIDS le molao wa pereko.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060615021453/http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1 "Will Zuma debate against Zille?".] IOL. 20 June 2008. Archived from the original on 15 June 2006.</ref> <ref>[["Zille challenges Zuma to public debate".]] SABC. 20 June 2008.[''permanent dead link'']</ref>Zuma o ne a gana go tsenelela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080628205206/http://www.sabcnews.com/politics/the_parties/0,2172,172097,00.html "Zuma refuses to meet with Zille".] SABC. 25 June 2008. Archived from the original on 28 June 2008. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060615021453/http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1 "Zille reminds Zuma of statement"]. IOL. 25 June 2008. Archived from the original on 15 June 2006.</ref> ==== Letsholo kgatlhanong le tiriso botlhaswa ya ditagi le nnotagi ==== Maloko a robabobedi a setlhopha se se neng se bidiwa People's Anti Drug and Liquor Action Committee (PADLAC) se ne sa tshwarwa ka Lwetse 2007 kwa ntle ga ofisi ya mapodisi ya Mitchell's plain. Zille o ne a tshwarwa fa a etetse ofisi eo go tlhotlhomisa. Setlhopha seo se ne se anamisa dipampitshana mo letsholong kgatlhanong le tiriso botlhaswa ya nnotagi le ditagi kwa Kapa. Mapodisi a ne a re o eme nokeng ditlhopha tsa ditlhola tse di kgatlhanong le tiriso ditagi. O ne a iponagatsa fa pele ga ga mmakasetarata beke eo go bo a fapaane le molao wa go kgobokana. Zille o ne a solofetswe go sekisa tona wa sepodisi go mo tshwara e se ka fa tsamaisong.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090111175741/http://www.dispatch.co.za/2007/09/10/SouthAfrica/adrug.html "Another apartheid era arrest for Zille".] Daily Dispatch. Archived from the original on 11 January 2009. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Zille o ne a ya kgotlatshekelong ya mmakaseteraka le batho ba bangwe ba le lesome ba ba neng ba tshwerwe le ene.<ref>[https://iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=6&art_id=nw20070911095031215C574934 "Zille in court".] IOL. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Ka Lwetse a le malatsi a le masome mararo ngwaga wa 2007, go ne ga begiwa fa metswedi ya botlhale, ba ba neng ba sa itumelela leano la ANC la go phutlhamisa makgotla a puso go direla ANC, ba ne ba neetse Zille mafoko a gore makgotla a a nang le dibetsa a tlhasetse PADLAC ka maikaelelo a go bolaya moeteledipele wa kganetso.<ref>^{[https://www.sundaytimes.timeslive.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=574153 "Intelligence sources unhappy with ANC plans". ''S'']''unday Times''. Retrieved 30 September 2007.[''dead link'']}</ref> Ka Phalane 2007, Zille o ne a seka a bonwa molato melatong yotlhe e e neng e tsisitswe fa pele ga ga mmakaseterata ka go ne gotwe tsheko kgatlhanong le ene le basekisiwa ba bangwe ba robabongwe, ga e ka ke ya atlega. Zille o ne a boelela maikaelelo a gagwe a go sekisa sepodisi sa Kapa Bophirima go mo tshwara e se ka fa tsamaisong.<ref>^{[https://www.reuters.com/?edition-redirect=af "SAfrica drops charges against opposition head Zille"]. Reuters. Retrieved 09 December 2025.[''permanent dead link'']}</ref> Ka Mopitlo 2008, Helen Zille o ne a isa letsholo la gagwe la go nna kgatlhanong le ditagi kwa Johannesburg, a eteletse pele mogwanto. Ba ba neng ba gwanta ba ne ba apere dikipa tsa DA, tse di kwadilweng molaetsa wa ganang ditagi lo boloke matshelo a bana ba rona.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220858/http://mg.co.za/articlepage.aspx?area=/breaking_news/breaking_news__national/&articleid=326267 "Zille leads Jo'burg anti-drugs march".] Mail&Guardian. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Ga go a tlhatswega gore a ditiro tsa ga Zille di nnile le seabe sepe mo mathateng a borukutlhi le tiriso botlhaswa ya ditagi kwa Kapa Bophirima.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/MyNews24/Zilles-2015-SOPA-thin-on-ways-to-tackle-alcohol-abuse-20150930 "Zille's 2015 SOPA thin on ways to tackle alcohol abuse".] News24. 30 September 2015. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref><ref>Carmel Loggenberg (28 September 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160115041438/http://www.sabc.co.za/news/a/55af3d004a0441ccab33eba53d9712f0/W-Cape-authorities-concerned-about-spike-in-crime-rate-20152809 "SABC News – W Cape authorities concerned about spike in crime rate:Monday 28 September 2015".] Sabc.co.za. Archived from the original on 15 January 2016. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Dipalo tse disha tsa borukutlhi di ne di supa fa Kapa Bophirima e itemogetse 34% ya borukutlhi jo bo amanang le ditagi kwa Aforika Borwa.<ref>Philani Nombembe. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160115041438/http://www.timeslive.co.za/sundaytimes/stnews/2015/10/04/Western-Cape-awash-with-cheap-tik-creating-addicts-who-drive-up-crime "SUNDAY TIMES – Western Cape awash with cheap tik, creating addicts who drive up crime".] Timeslive.co.za. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> === United Nations === Ka Moranang 2008, Zille o ne a kopiwa go buisa lekgotla la [[United Nations General Assembly|United Nations]] kwa toropokgolo [[New York]] ka palobatho le tlhabololo, a dirisa kitso ya gagwe le tse a di ithutileng fa a le mmatoropo wa Kapa.<ref>[https://archive.ph/20120710144418/http://iafrica.com/news/sa/642715.htm "Helen Zille to address the UN".] iafrica. Archived from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Zille ke moema nokeng wa letsholo la go tlhamiwa ga United Nations Parliamentary Assembly, lekgotla le le lwelang go tlhabololwa ga puso ya batho ka batho ga United Nations; o dumela gore go botlhokwa ka go tlaa netefatsa gore banni ba mo gae ba mafatshe otlhe ba ikutlwa ba amana le UN le mananeo a yone.<ref>[http://en.unpacampaign.org/statements/page/3/ "Statements".] ''Campaign for a UN Parliamentary Assembly''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> === Seetsele ya mmatoropo sa mafatshefatshe === Zille e ne e le mofenyi wa seetsele sa 2008 sa mafatshefatshe sa mmatoropo ka Phalane 2008, go tswa mo go bo mmatoropo le boratoropo ba le makgolo a ferabobedi le masome a mabedi a bommatoropo ba ba neng ba tlhophilwe.<ref>[http://www.worldmayor.com/contest_2008/world-mayor-vote.html "World Mayor 2008 The final shortlist".] World Mayor. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref><ref>[http://www.worldmayor.com/contest_2008/world-mayor-2008-results.html "Helen Zille, Mayor of Cape Town, wins the 2008 World Mayor Prize".] World Mayor. 14 October 2008. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref>  ANC e ne ya dirisa bontsi jwa yone mo palamenteng go kganela tshutiso ya go lemoga katlego ya ga Zille ga DA, mo go fenyeng seetsele seo.<ref>[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/anc-blocks-motion-praising-zilles-world-mayor-awar "ANC blocks motion praising Zille's world mayor award".] Politicsweb. 23 October 2008.</ref> === Go ithola marapo e le moeteledipele wa phathi === Ka Moranang 2015, Zille o ne a itsise fa a tlaa seke a emele ditlhopho gape e le moeteledipele wa phathi.<ref>Helen Zille bows out as DA leader | eNCA</ref> == Moeteledipele wa Kapa Bophirima == === Ditlhopho tsa 2009 === [[Setshwantsho:Helen Zille in 2010 2 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Zille a bua ka 2010]] Ditlhopho tsa lefatshe tsa 2009 di ne tsa fa Zille sebaka sa gagwe sa ntlha sa go phadisana e le moeteledipele wa DA. O ne a tlhophilwe e le ntlhopheng wa moeteledipele wa Kapa Bophirima, phathi ya gagwe ya atlega ka go fenya 51.46% ya tlhopho ya kgaolo eo. Zille o ne a tlhomamisiwa e le moeteledipele, a tlhatlhamiwa ke [[Dan Plato]] mo maemong a mmatoropo. DA e ne ya itshwarelela mo go nneng phathi ya kganetso ya semmuso, e fenya 16.66% ya tlhopho, e oketsa manno a yone mo palamenteng go nna masome a robabobedi.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2009-04-23-the-da-says-western-cape-is-theirs/ DA says Western Cape is theirs], ''Mail & Guardian'', 23 April 2009. Retrieved on 09 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2009-04-27-zille-set-to-become-western-cape-premier/ Zille set to become Western Cape premier], ''Mail & Guardian'', 27 April 2009. Retrieved on 09 December 2025</ref> === Kgotlhang le Jacob Zuma === [[Setshwantsho:Helen Zille SONA 2011.jpg|thumb|Zille kwa pegong ya seemo sa lefatshe ka 2011]] Ka Motsheganong 2009, morago ga go tlhophiwa e le moeteledipele, Zille o ne a kwalela pampiri ya dikgang ya ''Argus'' lokwalo lo lo neng lwa kopiwa ka phoso ke mmueledi wa gagwe go lo romela kwa pampiring ya ''Sowetan''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090518072719/http://www.saelections.co.za/articles/4594/zille-shifts-the-blame-premier-says-aide-was-not-meant-to-send-letter "Zille shifts blame: Premier says aide was not meant to send letter".] Archived from the original on 18 May 2009.</ref> Fa a tsibogela go kgalwa ke ditlhopha tse di lwelang bong le ANC ka matona a gagwe a e leng borre fela,Zille o ne a kwala mo lokwalong loo gore ANC ga ise ke e etelelwe pele ke mosadi, le gore baeteledipele ba yone ba dira dikai tse di sa nnang sentle mo dikganngnyeng tsa bong. O ne a inola mafoko a ga tautona [[Jacob Zuma]] a a gobelelang bong, a mo supa ka monwana a re ga a rate basadi ebile a mo kgalela go baya basadi ba gagwe mo kotsing ya go tsenwa ke mogare wa HIV ka go tlhakanela dikobo le mme o o nang le mogare oo. Zuma, o o nyetseng lefufa, o ne a dumalane mo tshekong ya gagwe ya tiriso dikgoka mo tlhakanelong dikobo gore o ne a itse gore mosadi o a neng a tlhakakanetse dikobo le ene o na le mogare wa HIV.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8045981.stm "Zille in 'racist' Zuma HIV attack".] ''BBC News''. 12 May 2009. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Khayelitsha Commission Handover.JPG|thumb|Neelano semmuso ya maduo a patlisiso ya komiti ya [[Khayelitsha]], a neelwa moeteledipele wa [[Kapa Bophirima]] Hellen Zille]] Go kgala ditiro tsa ga Zuma ga ga Zille go ne ga dirisiwa ke pampiri ya ''Sowetan'' e le polelo e e kwa pele ga pampiri ka setlhogo sa "Zuma, kotsi ya AIDS". Pampiri e, e ne ya supa fa Zille a ne a dira tlhaselo e e gakgamatsang mo go Zuma.<ref>Anna Majavu. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090515101030/http://www.sowetan.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=997557 "Zuma an AIDS risk"]. Archived from the original on 15 May 2009.</ref> Se se ne sa dira gore Zille a tlhaselwe ke ANC le bapati ba yone. Lekgotla la banana la ANC le ne la re Zille o na le tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala, le gore matona a gagwe a borre fela ke baratani ba gagwe. Se ka se ne se sena bosupi, se ne sa šhakgatsa DA, e e neng ya buisana le babueledi ba molao go kwadisa tsheko.<ref>^{[https://www.sowetan.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=999104 "MK veterans threaten Zille"][''permanent dead link'']}</ref> Lekgotla la [[Umkhonto we Sizwe]] la sesole le ne la gatelela se se builweng ke lekgotla la banana, la bo la tsibosa gore le tlaa simolodisa lenaneo la sepolotiki le le supang ka Kapa Bophirima a sa laolesege.<ref>[https://iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=nw20090513131259625C990157 "MK veterans threaten Zille".]</ref> ANC le yone e ne ya kgala Zille, mme ya ikgogela morago mo ditshwaelong tsa lekgotla la yone la banana, e supa fa seo e le matlhabisa ditlhong.<ref>[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/anc-distances-itself-from-ancyl-comments--mantashe "ANC distances itself from ANCYL comments – Mantashe"]. ''www.politicsweb.co.za''.</ref> Fa a tsiboga, Zille o ne a re kgotlhang eo e supa maemo a Aforika Borwa mo dikganngyeng tsa bong.<ref>[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/helen-zille-answers-her-critics "Helen Zille answers her critics – News & Analysis".] ''www.politicsweb.co.za''.</ref> === Go lwela lefatshe === Ka Motsheganong 2009, Zille o ne a supa ANC ka monwana a re e utswa dilwana tsa lefatshe. O ne a bua ka go isa lefatshe la di heketara di le sekete tsa lefatshe la kgaolo kwa Kapa Bophirima go nna la lekgotla la puso. Phetolo e e ne ya bewa monwana ke moeteledipele wa pele [[Lynne Brown]] ka Moranang a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2009, letsatsi pele ga ditlhopho tsa lefatshe. Zille o ne a re tumalano e, e dirilwe mo sephiring, go na le mabaka a a sa itsagaleng. ANC e ne ya fetola ka gore tumalano eo e ne e beilwe fa pele ga palamente makgetho a le mantsi mo dingwageng ebile ga go na sepe se se belaetsang ka yone.<ref>[https://vocfm.co.za/public/articles.php?Articleid=46484 Fingers pointed in Cape land row]^{[''permanent dead link'']} ''Voice of the Cape'' ^{[''dead link'']}</ref> Morago Zille o ne a re o tlaa gwetlha go sekasekiwa gape ga tumalano eo, le go e phatlalatsa, mme a bitse bokopano jwa puso,<ref>[http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=6&art_id=vn20090523064254326C744138 'Secret' ANC land deal illegal – Zille] ^{[''dead link'']} Cape Argus. 23 May 2009 Archived copy at WebCite (1 February 2010).</ref> mme kgang e e ne ya rarabololwa ka Firikgong 2010, fa tona wa ANC wa bonno, [[Tokyo Sexwale]], a dumalana go busetsa lefatshe leo kwa kgaolong pele ga kgang e isiwa kgotlatshekelong.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100813161843/http://www.eyewitnessnews.co.za/articleprog.aspx?id=31404 Cape land transfer dispute resolved] ''Eyewitness News'' Archived 13 August 2010 at the Wayback Machine</ref> === Ditlhopho tsa 2014 le go tlhophiwa gape. === [[Setshwantsho:DA 2011 Election Poster.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho sa Democratic Alliance sa ga [[Patricia de Lille]], Helen Zille le [[Lindiwe Mazibuko]] ka 2011]] Pele ga ditlhopho tsa 2014, ka 2013, Thembu [[King Dalindyebo]] o ne a nna leloko la DA fa a sekela melato e mentsi, selo se se neng se bonwa ke bangwe e le tseka ya go utswa batlhophi ga DA.<ref>Evans, Sarah. [https://mg.co.za/article/2013-07-19-00-no-ideology-test-for-da-king/ "Dalindyebo: No ideology test for DA king".] ''The M&G Online''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref><ref>Naude, Jason (23 July 2013). [https://www.dailydispatch.co.za/news/2013/07/23/zille-defends-decision-to-embrace-abathembu-king/ "Zille defends decision to embrace abathembu king"]. ''DispatchLIVE''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Fa a botsisiwa ka boloko,Zille o ne a re ga go na maloko a mangwe a a tshwanetseng go sekisiwa, le gore molaomotheo wa DA o tlhoka gore boloko jwa ga Dalindyebo bo emisiwe fa ikuelo ya gagwe e ka retela.<ref>Dodds, Craig (23 July 2013). [https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2013-07-23-zille-defends-kings-da-membership/ "Zille defends king's DA membership".] ''Independent Online''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Ka Phalane 2015, boloko jwa ga Dalindyebo bo ne jwa emisiwa.<ref>Hartleb, Thomas (1 October 2015). [https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/DA-cancels-King-Dalindyebos-membership-20151001 "DA cancels King Dalindyebo's membership"]. ''News24''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Morago ga ditlhopho tsa 2014, DA e ne ya fenya 59.38%ya tlhopho le manno a le masome mabedi le borataro kwa Kapa Bophirima, koketsego ya 3.25%. Ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa gagwe, phathi e ne ya fenya manno a le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe kwa palamenteng le 22.23% ya tlhopho ya lefatshe lotlhe. Zille o ne a tlhomamisiwa mo setlheng sa bobedi ka Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le borataro ka ditalama di le masome mabedi le borataro go tswa mo go di le masome a mane le bobedi, o a neng a eme kgatlhanong le ene e le [[Marius Fransman]] wa ANC.<ref>Buick, Kirstin. [https://www.news24.com/You/Archive/helen-zille-re-elected-western-cape-premier-20170728 Helen Zille re-elected Western Cape premier], ''News24'', 21 May 2014. Retrieved on 09 December 2025</ref> === Motlhatlhami wa gagwe e le moeteledipele === Ka Lwetse 2018,Democratic Alliance e ne ya itsise fa e tlhophile [[Alan Winde]] go nna ntlhopheng wa moeteledipele wa Kapa Bophirima wa phathi eo mo ditlhophong tsa lefatshe tsa 2019. Bo ntlhopheng ba bangwe ba ba neng ba emetse maemo ao e ne e le [[Fazloodien Abrahams]], [[Bonginkosi Madikizela]], [[David Maynier]], [[Kelly Baloyi]], [[Jacobus MacFarlane]] le [[Michael Mack]].<ref>[https://www.da.org.za/2018/07/da-announces-premier-candidates-ahead-of-the-2019-election-campaign "Premier candidates announced".] Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Zille o ne a kganetswe go phadisanela setlha sa boraro sa boeteledipele ka molaomotheo wa Aforika Borwa ga o letle gore moeteledipele o ka bereka ditlha di feta bobedi di tlhomagane.<ref>Head, [https://web.archive.org/web/20250220051402/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/who-is-alan-winde-western-cape-premier/ Tom.Breaking: Alan Winde revealed as the DA’s choice for Western Cape premier,] ''The South African'', 19 September 2018. Retrieved on 09 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2018-09-19-the-winds-of-change-mec-alan-winde-is-da-w-cape-premier-candidateThe winds of change: MEC Alan Winde is DA W Cape premier candidate]^{[''permanent dead link'']}. Retrieved on 09 December 2025</ref> Morago ga ditlhopho tsa Motsheganong 2019, Democratic Alliance e ne ya tswelela e ntse e na le palo e ntsi kwa palamenteng ya kgaolo ya Kapa Bophirima. Zille o dule mo maemong ao ka Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa 2019.<ref>[[DA holds on to W Cape despite challenges]]^{[''permanent dead link'']}. Retrieved on 09 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-05-10-its-official-da-has-comfortably-won-the-western-cape/ DA wins Western Cape, though with reduced majority]. Retrieved on 09 December 2025</ref> == Tiro ya gagwe morago == === Go nna leloko la IRR === [[Setshwantsho:Helen Zille and DA leaders at press conference (October 2019).png|thumb|Bokopano jwa bobega dikgang go itsisiwe Hellen Zille e le modulasetilo o mosha wa khansele ]] Morago ga go tlogela tiro ya boeteledipele ka Motsheganong 2019, go ne ga bolelwa ka Phukwi 2019, gore o berekela South African Institute of Race Relations (SAIRR) e le mosekaseki wa melao. SAIRR e ne ya bua jaana ka nako ya kitsiso eo: go bereka mmogo ga ga Ms Zille le IRR go tsisa mantswe a mabedi a a kwa godimo a ba ba batlang phetogo mo Aforika Borwa.<ref>Mabuza, Ernest (28 July 2019). [https://www.businessday.co.za/bd/national/2019-07-28-helen-zille-joins-the-institute-of-race-relations/ "Helen Zille joins the Institute of Race Relations".] ''BusinessLIVE''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref><ref>Mabuza, Ernest (28 July 2019). [https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-07-28-helen-zille-joins-the-institute-of-race-relations-as-senior-policy-fellow/ "Helen Zille joins the Institute of Race Relations as senior policy fellow".] ''TimesLIVE''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Lekgotla leo le be la gatisa kgaolo e e manganga ma Lwetse 2019,e re Maimane a kobiwe jaaka moeteledipele wa DA, a tlhatlhamiwe ke [[Alan Winde]]. Matona a DA a ne a emela kgakala le mafoko a, le ntse Zille ene a ne a dumalana le one.<ref>Makinana, Andisiwe (2 October 2019). [https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2019-10-02-da-cannot-be-a-race-driven-party-says-zille-as-she-defends-irr-column-calling-for-winde-to-replace-maimane/ "Helen Zille defends IRR column calling for Alan Winde to replace Mmusi Maimane".] ''TimesLIVE''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> O ne a seegela kwa thoko tiro ya gagwe kwa IRR ka Phalane 2019.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/p1-helen-zille-says-she-wants-to-be-next-da-federal-council-chairperson-20191004 "Update – Helen Zille suspends IRR fellowship following decision to contest for DA Federal Council chairperson position".] ''News24''. 4 October 2019. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://iol.co.za/news/2019-10-04-helen-zille-to-contest-for-top-job-at-da-suspends-position-at-irr/ "Helen Zille to contest for top job at DA, suspends position at IRR".] ''IOL''. 4 October 2019. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> === '''''Tee le Helen''''' === Zille o ne a tlhama sekhutlwana sa gagwe sa dipuisano se se bidiwang tee le Helen, ka Phatwe 2019 ka maikaelelo a go buisana le batho ba ba sa dumalaneng le maikutlo a gagwe ka tsa sepolotiki. Sekhutlwana se se gasiwa mo [[Youtube]], [[iTunes]] le [[Spotify]]. Moeng wa ntlha mo sekhutlwaneng seo e ne e le mokwaledi wa pele wa Business Day [[Peter Bruce]]. Ba bangwe ba ba kileng ba nna baeng mo sekhutlwaneng seo ba akaretsa [[Ferial Haffajee]], [[Max du Preez]] le [[Adam Habib]]. Zille o ne a leka go batla moeteledipele wa EFF [[Julius Malema]], mme o ne a gana taletso.<ref>Nkanjeni, Unathi (27 August 2019). [https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2019-08-27-helen-zille-is-having-tea-and-yall-are-invited-what-you-need-to-know-about-her-podcast/ "Helen Zille is having tea and y'all are invited: What you need to know about her podcast".] ''TimesLIVE''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref><ref>Mlambo, Sihle (1 October 2019). [https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2019-10-01-helen-zille-invites-julius-malema-for-tea-juju-are-you-coming/ "Helen Zille invites Julius Malema for 'tea', Juju are you coming?"]. ''IOL''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref><ref>Ngcobo, Khanyisile (2 October 2019). [https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2019-10-02-i-think-you-are-lost-malema-responds-to-helen-zilles-tea-invite/ "'I think you are lost': Malema responds to Helen Zille's 'tea' invite"]. ''IOL''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> === Modulasetilo wa khansele === Zille o ne a tlhophilwe go nna modukasetilo wa khansele wa DA ka Phalane 2019 morago ga go ithola marapo ga ga [[James Selfe]]. Maemo ao a tshwana le a mokwaledi-mogolo mo moalong wa phathi. Zille o ne a itsise ka go ema ga gagwe morago ga go tlhalosa phathi are e mo dipharagobeng ebile e mo bothateng jwa sepolotiki morago ga kwelo tlase ya ntlha ya ditlhopho mo ditsong tsa phathi.<ref>Mailovich, Claudi (4 October 2019). [https://www.businessday.co.za/bd/national/2019-10-04-helen-zille-applies-for-top-da-job/ "BREAKING NEWS: Helen Zille applies for top DA job".] ''BusinessLIVE''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191005134636/https://www.enca.com/news/zille-available-chair-das-federal-council "Zille 'available' to chair DA's Federal Council"]. ''eNCA''. 4 October 2019. Archived from the original on 5 October 2019. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref><ref>Mokone, Thabo (4 October 2019). [https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2019-10-04-breaking-helen-zille-to-stand-for-top-da-job/ "Helen Zille to stand for top DA job"]. ''TimesLIVE''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191020103750/https://www.enca.com/news/helen-zille-elected-da-federal-chairperson "Helen Zille elected DA Federal chairperson".] ''eNCA''. 20 October 2019. Archived from the original on 20 October 2019. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> O ne a tlhophiwa gape mo maemong ao ka Moranang 2023.<ref>[https://www.da.org.za/2023/04/da-leadership-election-results-2 "DA Leadership Election Results".] Democratic Alliance. 3 April 2023.</ref> === Letsholo la go emela maemo a mmatoropo wa Johannesburg ka 2025 === Ka Seetebosigo 2025, Zille o ne a itsise fa a akanya go emela maemo a mmatoropo wa [[Johannesburg]]. O ne a re o tlaa tsaya tshwetso pele ga Seetebosigo a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 2025, letsatsi le e neng e le lone le le beilweng gore bontlhopheng ba bo ba setse ba ikwadisitse.<ref name=":1">Ferial Haffajee (9 June 2025). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2025-06-09-helen-zille-eyes-joburg-mayorship-after-das-top-picks-decline-post/ "Helen Zille eyes Joburg mayorship after DA's top picks decline post".] Daily Maverick. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Democratic Alliance, e Zille e leng modulasetilo wa khansele ka yone, e tshegeditse maemo a mmatoropo wa Joburg gabedi; ka Firikgong 2023, morago ga [[Mpho Phalatse]] sena go nna mo maemong ao ngwaga o le mongwe. Makhanselara a DA a loga maano a go lwela maemo ao. Zille o supile go tlhoka go itumelela ka fa toropokgolo [[Johannesburg]] e ntseng e tsamaisiwa ka teng mo dingwageng tse di sa tswang go feta, are go tlaa tsaya dingwaga di feta botlhano go fetola toropo. O ne a re Johannesburg e ko morago ka dikago tsa dibilione di le makgolo a mabedi, le madi a dibilione di le masome a robabobedi le borataro. O ne a re babereki ba toropokgolo eo ba oketsegile ka 86% fa e sale ka 2010. O ne a re o ka kgona tiro eo, ebile o ka nna mmatoropo wa tlhwatlhwa wa Johannesburg ka a na le maitemogelo a nako ya fa a le mmatoropo wa Kapa, a fetola toropo eo ka nako ya fa go phutlhama ga toropo go ne go ngosela ka 2006, ga mmogo le maitemogelo a gagwe fa e le moeteledipele wa kgaolo ya Kapa Bophirima.<ref name=":1" /> Toropo ya Kapa e amogetse dikakgolo tse dintsi go bo e na le tsamaiso e e itshetletseng, mme puso ya yone e itemogetse go supiwa ka monwana gote e busiwa ke batho basweu fela. Mosekaseki mogolo wa Aforika Borwa o rile ke yone e e gaisang mo go tsamaisiweng sentle mo lefatsheng leo dingwaga di le tharo di tlhomagana, ka 2025.<ref>Malcolm Libera (29 May 2025). [https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/826047/the-best-run-city-in-south-africa-for-three-years-in-a-row/ "The best-run city in South Africa for three years in a row"]. BusinessTech. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Palo e ntsi ya go ngongorega ka tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala mo dikgaolo tsotlhe kwa Aforika Borwa, e tswa kwa Kapa Bophirima. Ba ba kgatlhanong ba re tsamaiso ya Kapa e itebagantse thata le batho basweu, mme e itlhokomolositse batho bantsho.<ref>[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/cape-town-the-lives-lost-to-da-neglect--good "Cape Town: The lives lost to DA neglect – GOOD - POLITICS | Politicsweb".] ''www.politicsweb.co.za''. Retrieved 09 December 2015</ref><ref>[https://www.sahrc.org.za/index.php/sahrc-media/news?start=180 "News".] ''www.sahrc.org.za''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref><ref>Online, Central News (22 September 2025). [https://centralnews.co.za/mantashe-da-governs-suburbs-neglects-townships/ "Mantashe: DA Governs Suburbs, Neglects Townships | Central News South Africa".] Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Zille o ne a re fa a le mmatoropo o tlaa itebaganya le netefatsa go itshetlela ga itsholelo le madi a Joburg, le go busetsa ditirelo tsa setshaba mo maemong a a siameng, le dikitso tsa khansele ya Johannesburg, le go thapa batho mo maemong a tlhwatlhwa, ke tsone boremelelo jwa go tlhabolola Joburg.<ref name=":2">[https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/827531/helen-zille-reveals-her-plan-to-stop-johannesburgs-collapse/ "Helen Zille reveals her plan to stop Johannesburg's collapse".] BusinessTech. 10 June 2025. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> O ne a tswelela ka gore go baakanya Johannesburg go tlaa tlhoka gore setshaba sotlhe se tseye karolo, le gore batho ke bapati ba botlhokwa mo tsamaisong eo. Tsholofelo ya gagwe ke gore banni ba toropo ba tlaa tswelela ba nna mo go yone go thusa go e baakanya, le gore ba ba fudugetseng kwa moseja le bone ba tlaa boela gae go dira jalo.<ref name=":2" /> == Manganga == === Dipelaelo tsa tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala === Ka Motsheganong 2019, Zille o ne a kopiwa go ikopa maitshwarelo ka tshwaelo e mo go yone a neng a re go nna mo tshiamelong ga batho bantsho go tewa go utswa le go tlhophiwa gape. Zille o ne a kwala jaana mo maranyaneng a twitter: "Go a makatsa. Batho ba ka taboga letsatsi lotlhe ba akaretsa ka lotso la palo potlana fela mo lefatsheng ka go seegela kwa thoko batho basweu, mme fa o ba utlwisa se ba se dirileng, loapi lo a wa. Ga ke tle go nna maphata mabedi". Zille o ne a tswelela ka gore o tlhabisiwa ditlhong ke go akaretsa gaa Aforika Borwa fa ba bua la batho basweu. O ne a re bosweu ke lefoko la morogano le le dirisiwang go kgapela kwa thoko.<ref>Nkanjeni, Unathi (27 December 2019). [https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/south-africa/2019-12-27-7-times-helen-zille-tweeted-herself-into-hot-water/ "7 times Helen Zille tweeted herself into hot water".] ''SowetanLive''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Zille o ne a kgaletswe go bitsa seopedi [[Simphiwe Dana]] motho montsho o o atlegileng.<ref>Smith, David (29 December 2011). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/dec/29/south-africa-racism-row-twitter "South Africa racism row breaks out on Twitter".] ''The Guardian''. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> === Ditshwaelo tsa 2008 tsa kilo ya batswakwa. === Phathi ya DA le mmatoropo wa yone wa nako eo Helen Zille ba ne ba amogela kgalo ka tsibogo ya bone ya ditlhaselo tsa batswakwa ka 2008 kwa Kapa.<ref>Kaplan, Kenneth (15 June 2008). [https://www.boston.com/news/world/blog/2008/07/post_4.html "In Cape Town, hopes dim as progress lags".] ''The Boston Globe''. Archived from the original on 12 January 2012.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081201220518/http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/comment/49179/print "Shattered Myths: The xenophobic violence in South Africa".] Pambazuka News. 3 July 2008. Archived from the original on 1 December 2008.</ref> Tona wa madi, [[Trevor Manuel]] o ne a supa Zille ka monwana go bo a butswela molelo ka go bua kgatlhanong le tiriso ditagi ya batswakwa fa a etetse kwa [[Mitchell's Plain]]. Zille o ne a fetola ka gore ga a inolwa sentle, a gwetlha Manuel go bala mafoko a gagwe mo dipampiring tsa dikgang.<ref>[https://www.politicsweb.co.za/politics/a-revolution-of-rising-expectations "A revolution of rising expectations"]. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011.</ref> Zille gape o supile ANC ka monwana a re e dirile ngwao ya go ikaega ka puso, e e tlhaelang go tlhabologa ga itsholelo mo go bakang letlhoo la batswakwa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080530112154/http://www.sowetan.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=772086 "Proactive Steps Needed to Quell Xenophobia: Zille".] The Sowetan. 23 May 2008. Archived from the original on 30 May 2008.</ref> === Go diriwa molato ga go anamisa mogare wa HIV ka bomo mo bapating ba le bantsi === Fa a buisa bokopano jwa botsogo jo bo neng bo tshwerwe ke lephata la botsogo kwa Kapa Bophirima,Zille o ne a re banna ba ba itseng gore ba na le mogare wa HIV, mme ba gana go dirisa sekausu gape ba na le bapati ba bantsi, ba tshwanetse go atlholelwa go leka go bolaya motho, le go fetola go itebaganya le kalafi ya malwetsi a a kgonang go thibelwa go itebaganngwe le a a sa kgoneng go thibelwa. Balweladitshwanelo bangwe ba AIDS ba ne ba tsibosa ka tshwaelo eo ba re e botlhaswa ebile e latlha batho.<ref name=":3">[https://iol.co.za/capeargus/zille-targets-men-who-don-t-use-condoms-1.1174642 "Zille targets men who don't use condoms – Cape Argus".] IOL.co.za. 9 November 2011. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Gareng ga ba ba neng ba kgala maemo a ga Zille e ne e le moithuti wa molaomotheo [[Pierre de Vos]]<ref>Vos, Pierre De (10 November 2011). [https://constitutionallyspeaking.co.za/helen-zille-the-hiv-populist/ "Helen Zille, the HIV populist – Constitutionally Speaking".] Constitutionallyspeaking.co.za. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> le molweladitshwanelo wa AIDS le mookamedi wa Section 27,Mark Heywood.<ref name=":3" /><ref>[http://section27.org.za/tag/mark-heywood/ "Mark Heywood".] Section 27. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> === Batshabi go tswa kwa Kapa Botlhaba === Ka 2012, Zille o ne a nna mo mangangeng morago ga gore a kwale mo maranyaneng a tweeter are: "Fa thuto ya Kapa Botlhaba e phutlhame, Kapa Bophirima o agile dikolo di le masome a mararo - tse di masome mabedi le bobedi di le disha, di robabobedi di beeletsa tse nne tsa batshabi ba Kapa Botlhaba. Dikolo di le masome mabedi le borataro di santse di tla."<ref>[https://www.theedgesearch.com/2017/06/top-3-helen-zille-controversies-proven.html Top 3 Helen #Zille Controversies proven as Racist] ( 1. HIV, Refugees and Colonialism ), ''The Edge Search''. Retrieved on 09 December 2025</ref> Mafoko a gagwe a ne sala morago mogwanto kwa [[Grabouw]] ka go tlala ga sekolo sengwe mo gae. ANC e ne ya re go bitsa baithuti ba Kapa Botlhaba ba ba tletseng kwa dikolong tsa [[Kapa Bophirima]] batshabi, ga se setho.<ref>[https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2012-04-04-tough-lessons-for-zille-from-refugee-tweet-debacle/#.WQM1WIVKxFU "Tough lessons for Zille from refugee tweet debacle – Daily Maverick".] ''dailymaverick.co.za''. 4 April 2012.</ref> Zille morago o ne a ikopa maitshwarelo a re o ikotlhaela mafoko ao. A ikotlhaya ka mafoko a gagwe a me a sa ree jalo. O ne a re se a neng a leka go se supa ke se tona wa thuto go tswa kwa moding [[Angie motshega|Angie Motshekga]] a se bitsang polelo e e tshosang mo thutong kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba]].<ref>[https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2012-04-24-zille-says-sorry-for-refugee-tweet/ "Zille says sorry for 'refugee' tweet".] ''www.iol.co.za''.</ref> === Kopano e e retetseng le Agang === Jaaka moeteledipele wa DA,Zille o ne a okametse maiteko a a retetseng a go kopana le phathi ya kganetso ya [[Agang]],<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2014-02-02-ramphele-and-zilles-da-marriage-over/ "Ramphele and Zille's brief DA marriage over | News | National | M&G"]. Mg.co.za. 2 February 2014. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> e ka nako eo e neng e eteletswe pele ke [[Mamphela Ramphele]]. Morago ga go itsise ka kopano eo, le Zille a sena go atla Ramphele mo go tumileng kwa bokopanong jwa metswedi ya dikgang, bokopabong bo ne jwa phutlhama morago ga malatsi a matlhano fa DA e ne e sa kgone go dumalana la go ya pele le Agang: o ne a batla go tswelela e le moeteledipele wa Agang fa a ntse a emetse botautona jwa DA, mme Zille o ne a mmolelela gore seo ga se ka fa molaong.<ref>Setumo Stone; Khulekani Magubane (3 February 2014). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130620232733/http://www.bdlive.co.za/ "Zille, Ramphele provide their reasons for break-up".] BDlive. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref><ref>South African Press Association (5 February 2014). [https://allafrica.com/stories/201402051165.html "South Africa: Confusion Over DA-Agang Political Donor".] allAfrica.com. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> ANC e ne ya re diphathi tse di tswang kwa ntle di ntshetsa kopano eo madi.<ref>eNCA. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151003093106/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/foreign-influence-daagang-merger-worries-anc "Foreign influence in DA-Agang merger worries ANC".] eNCA. Archived from the original on 3 October 2015. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> === Manganga a bokolone go tswa mo loetong lwa Singapore le Japan === Ka Mopitlo 2017, morago ga loeto lwa [[Singapore]] le Japan lo lo lopileng dikete di le makgolo a marataro batho ba le batlhano,Zille o ne a tshwaela mo maranyaneng a twitter are "ba ba reng boswa jwa bokolone ke jo bo sa siamang fela, akanyang ka molao wa rona o o ikemetseng, ditsela, metsi jalo jalo".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241211081913/https://twitter.com/x/migrate?tok=7b2265223a222f68656c656e7a696c6c652f7374617475732f383432323630353339363434343937393231222c2274223a313733333930353135337d760180b56ffbe28239ae4444c75fbf35 "x.com".] ''X (formerly Twitter)''. Archived from the original on 11 December 2024. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref><ref name=":4">Deklerk, Aphiwe (16 March 2017). [https://www.theherald.co.za/news/2017/03/16/colonialism-wasnt-bad-says-helen-zille/ "Colonialism wasn't all bad' says Helen Zille".] ''The Herald Live''. Retrieved 09 December 2025.</ref> Tshakgalo e e neng ya dala morago e ne ya baka dikgalemo mo phathing. Zille o ne a sekasekelwa ditshwaelo tsa gagwe ka boswa jwa bokolone ke komiti ya ditshwanelo tsa setho go bo go na le kgonagalo ya gore o  tlodile tlotla ya setho.<ref name=":5">Sesant, Siyabonga (12 May 2017). [https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2017-05-12-zille-gets-served-for-colonialism-tweets/ "Zille gets served for 'colonialism' tweets".] ''Independent Online''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> ==== Go kgalwa le kgalemo ==== Morago ga gore go te o sireletsa bokolone, Zille o ne a re mafoko a gagwe ga a tlhaloganngwa<ref name=":5" />, mme gape a ikopa maitshwarelo ka mafoko a a neng a a kwadile mo twitter a a ka tswang a utlwetse ekete a mo lotlhakoreng lwa bokolone. A ne a sa nna jalo.<ref name=":4" /> Mo go ba baneng ba sa dumalane le ene ke maloko a mangwe a DA, a tshwana le [[Mbali Ntuli]], o a neng a re bokolone ga bo a siama fela botlhe,<ref name=":4" /> o le ene a kileng a kgalemelelwa ka 2017, go rata tshwaelo mo Facebook ka Morule 2016 e e neng e re Zille o tlhaola batho ka lotso le mmala;<ref>Cele, S’Thembile (21 May 2017). [https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/ntuli-charge-could-put-maimane-against-selfe-20170520 "Ntuli charge could put Maimane against Selfe"]. ''News24''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> [[Phumzile van Damme]], o a neng a re ga go na sepe ka bokolone se go ka tweng se siame kgotsa se siametse ma Aforika; le moeteledipele wa phathi [[Mmusi Maimane]], o a neng a re bokolone, jaaka puso ya tlhaolele, e ne e le tsamaiso ya kgatelelo. Ga e ka ke jwa nna le mabaka,<ref name=":6">Deklerk, Aphiwe (16 March 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170316122648/http://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2017/03/16/BREAKING-Zille-faces-disciplinary-action-from-DA-after-controversial-tweets1 "Breaking: Zille faces disciplinary action from DA after controversial tweets".] ''Times LIVE''. Archived from the original on 16 March 2017. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> mme gape morago are Zille ga a na tlhaolele<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-39472631 "Colonialism tweets lead to disciplinary".] ''BBC News''. 2 April 2017.</ref> le gore o lole kgatlhanong le kgatelelo. <ref name=":7">[https://www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/helen-zille-received-her-disciplinary-charges/ "Helen Zille receives her disciplinary charges".] ''The Citizen''. 12 April 2017. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref>Mopalamente wa DA [[Ghaleb Cachalia]] o ne a le mo lotlhakoreng lwa ga Zille are o ne a na le dikakanyo tse di siameng. O ne a dumalana le ene gore bokolone ga se gore ga bo a siama botlhe, are bontsi jwa bo ramatlhale ba akaretsa [[Chinua Achebe]], [[Ali Mazrui]], [[Godfrey Mwakikagile]] le [[Manmohan Singh]], ba buile mafoko a a tshwanang.<ref>Cachalia, Ghaleb (30 March 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170912192230/https://www.businesslive.co.za/fm/opinion/on-my-mind/2017-03-30-ghaleb-cachalia-let-all-views-be-heard/ "Ghaleb Cachalia: Let all views be heard"]. ''Financial Mail''. Archived from the original on 12 September 2017. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref><ref>Cachalia, Ghaleb (28 March 2017). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2017-03-28-lets-give-helen-zille-the-benefit-of-the-doubt/ "Let's give Helen Zille the benefit of the doubt".] ''The Daily Maverick''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Diphathi tsa ANC le [[Economic Freedom Fighters]] tsotlhe di ne tsa re Zille a ntshiwe mo maemong a gagwe jaaka moeteledipele wa Kapa Bophirima.<ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/3/16/outrage-over-helen-zilles-colonialism-tweets "Outrage over Helen Zille's colonialism tweets".] ''aljazeera.com''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Ka ntlha ya ditshwaelo tsa gagwe mo maranyaneng, Zille o ne a isiwa komiting ya DA ya molao, go kgalemelelwa<ref name=":6" /> go diga serodumo sa phathi le go e senya leina.<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8">Tandwa, Lizeka (17 May 2017). [https://mg.co.za/article/2017-05-17-battle-lines-drawn-between-maimane-and-zille/ "Battle lines drawn between Maimane and Zille".] ''The M&G Online''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Morago ga dikgang tseo,Zille o ne a tswelela ka gore le [[Nelson Mandela]] o ne a dumela se se tshwanang le sa gagwe ka bokolone.<ref>Zille, Helen (20 March 2017). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2017-03-20-from-the-inside-lessons-from-singapore/ "From the Inside: Lessons from Singapore"]. ''The Daily Maverick''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref><ref>Zille, Helen (28 March 2017). [https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/opinionista/2017-03-28-from-the-inside-a-debate-of-urgent-national-importance/ "From the Inside: A debate of urgent national importance".] ''dailymaverick.co.za''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Go tswelela a itshwarelela ka ditshwaelo tsa gagwe go ne ga baka kgotlhang mo teng ga makgotla a [[Democratic Alliance]], ebile go bonwa e le go nyatsa moeteledipele Maimane.<ref>Madia, Tshidi; Gallens, Mahlatse (23 March 2017). [https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/zilles-dumb-tweets-biggest-headache-for-maimane-20170323 "Zille's 'dumb tweets' biggest headache for Maimane".] ''News24''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Maimane o ne a re melato ya ga Zille ga se ya twitter fela, e akaretsa metseletsele ya ditshwaelo tse di rurifaditseng le go oketsa se tshwaelo ya ntlha e neng e se bua. Mekwalo ya gagwe e e tsileng morago, e mo go yone a neng a itsetsepela ka mafoko a gagwe<ref name=":9">Villette, Francesca (3 April 2017). [https://iol.co.za/capetimes/news/2017-04-03-suspend-zille-over-racism-charges/ "Suspend Zille over racism charges".] ''Independent Online''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref>, e ne ya senya botsalano le Maimane le go gaisa.<ref name=":8" /><ref>Collins, Farren (8 May 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20171025125906/https://www.businesslive.co.za/rdm/politics/2017-05-08-now-maimane-lays-into-zille-over-sunday-times-article/ "Now Maimane lays into Zille over Sunday Times article"]. ''Business Live''. Archived from the original on 25 October 2017. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref><ref>Pather, Ra'eesa (8 May 2017). [https://mg.co.za/article/2017-05-08-the-zille-column-maimane-didnt-approve-and-a-deteriorating-relationship/ "The Zille column Maimane didn't approve, and their deteriorating relationship".] ''The M&G Online''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> === Ditlhwatlhwa === Ka Moranang 2017, Zille o ne a kgalelwa loeto lwa gagwe lwa [[Singapore]], lo lo neng lo bonwa lo turile ka tlhwatlhwa ya sedikadike sa diranta. Go ya ka mmueledi wa ga Zille, dikete di le makgolo a marataro, masome a mararo le borataro e ne e le ditlhwatlhwa tsa mosepele, dikete di le makgolo a matlhano e ne e le tsa dikgwebo. Go ya ka mmueledi, loeto loo, lo lo neng lo akaretsa loeto go ya [[Japan]], lo ne lo ikaeletswe go nonotsha dipeeletso tsa [[Asia Pacific Vision|Asia]] mo dijong tsa halaal, le go rotloetsa bojanala jwa [[Kapa Bophirima]] kwa kgaolong eo.<ref name=":9" /> Zille o ne a re o ne a ile a sena mothusi go leka go fokotsa madi a loeto.<ref>[https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2017-05-08-answers-wanted-from-zille-over-r1m-trip-to-asia/ "Answers wanted from Zille over R1m trip to Asia"]. ''www.iol.co.za''.</ref> === Ditshwaelo tsa twitter tsa puso ya tlhaolele === Ka Seetebosigo a ya fifing ngwaga wa 2020, Zille o ne a tshwaela mo twitter are "go na le melao e mentsi ya tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala gompieno go gaisa ka nako ya puso ya tlhaolele". O ne a kwala gape are fa e ne e se ka tautona wa pele [[F.W de Klerk]] go tsaya tshwetso ya go phatlalatsa puso ya tlhaolele, ANC e ka bo e ntse e le mo dipharagobeng tsa dikampa tsa yone tsa kgololesego le go lwantshana ka ANC e ne e sena kgotlhang epe ya dibetsa e e ka buang ka yone.<ref>[https://www.citizen.co.za/news/opinion/maybe-zille-was-right-on-more-racist-laws-today-than-during-apartheid/ "Maybe Zille was right on more racist laws today than during apartheid".] ''The Citizen''. 2 July 2020. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> John Steenhuisen, moeteledipele wa nakwana wa DA ka nako eo, o ne a intsha mo ditshwaelong tsa ga Zille,<ref>Madisa, Kgothatso (24 June 2020). [https://www.sowetan.co.za/news/south-africa/2020-06-24-da-leaders-distance-themselves-from-zilles-tweet-on-racist-laws/ "DA leaders distance themselves from Zille's tweet on racist laws".] ''SowetanLIVE''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> komiti ya DA ya molao e ne ya simolola tlhotlhomiso ya ditshwaelo tsa gagwe.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/zilles-apartheid-tweets-horn-to-lead-investigation-but-no-time-frame-given-yet-20200629 "Zille's apartheid tweets: Horn to lead investigation, but no time frame given yet".] Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Dr Duncan Du Bois, moitseanape wa ditso le mosekaseki wa sepolotiki, o ne a ema nokeng mafoko a ga Zille. O ne a re, go ya ka tshekatsheko ya ga James Myburgh,<ref name=":10">[https://www.biznews.com/thought-leaders/2020/07/15/race-laws "James Myburgh: ANC race laws revolution. MUST READ!".] ''BizNews.com''. 15 July 2020. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> puso ya tlhaolele e fetisitse melao e le masome matlhano le borobabongwe ya lotso le mmala mo dingwageng di le masome a supa, fa puso ya morago ga tlhaolele e fetisitse melao e le masome a robabongwe mo dingwageng di le masome a mabedi le botlhano.<ref>[https://iol.co.za/the-star/opinion/2020-08-06-letter-there-are-more-race-based-laws-now-than-under-apartheid/ "Letter: There are more race based laws now than under apartheid".] ''www.iol.co.za''. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> Mosekaseki wa sepolotiki James Myburgh o ne a re ditshwaelo tsa ga Hellen Zille di ka tswa di oketsa mme ga di phoso. Tshekatsheko ya ga Myburgh le fa go ntse jalo e ne e akaretsa melao ya morago ga puso ya tlhaolele e e neng e pateletsa go nna le kemedi ya ditso le mebala yotlhe mo makgotleng, mme e sa akaretsa melao ya nako ya puso ya tlhaolele e e neng e itebagantse le Bantustans.<ref name=":10" /><ref>[https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/index.php/site/q/03lv02167/04lv02264/05lv02335/06lv02357/07lv02359/08lv02371.htm "Chapter 13: Chronology of Apartheid Legislation1 - The O'Malley Archives".] ''omalley.nelsonmandela.org''. Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Retrieved 09 December 2025</ref> === Magatwe a go thapa ka losika === Fa Zille e le moeteledipele, mopalamente Cameron Dugmore o ne a mo supa ka monwana are o thapa babereki ka losika, a re o dirisitse dithata tsa gagwe jaaka moeteledipele go lwela gore lephata la thuto le fe ngwana wa gagwe wa mosimane Paul Maree didirisiwa tse di rekilweng ka madi a lefatshe go lekeletsa maranyane a gagwe. Dugmore o ne a re morwae o ne a neetswe ditablets, a le mo letsholong la go tlhama kgwebo ya gagwe e e ikemetseng, le gore dikgwebo tse dingwe di ne di seegetswe kwa thoko mo tsamaisong eo. Dugmore o ne a isa kgang e kwa ofising ya mosireletsi go sekasekiwa a kopa ofisi ya peo molao ya Kapa Bophirima go sekaseka moetelepele go bo a tlodile melao.<ref>[https://iol.co.za/news/politics/2017-06-20-breach-of-ethics-claim-against-zille/ "'Breach of ethics' claim against Zille".]</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Zille o ne a nyetswe ke Professor Johann Maree ka 1982, ba na le bana ba basimane ba le babedi. Ke leloko la kereke ya Rondebosch United kwa [[Cape Town]].<ref>[https://www.ekklesia.co.uk/ "Tutu commends Christian communicators in justice struggle".] ''Ekklesia''. 15 December 2015.</ref> == Dikgatiso == * Zille, Helen (Phalane 2016). ''Not Without a Fight.'' Penguin Books. ISBN 9781776090426 * Zille, Helen (Moranang 2021). ''#StayWoke: Go Broke:Why South Africa won't survive America's culture wars (and what you can do about it)''. E gatisitswe ka bo esi. ISBN 9798727953457 == Metswedi == jtnurtnj3pktzzed8hw1yzr7x5blfi7 0 12560 51540 47066 2026-06-25T09:14:41Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51540 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Manto Tshabalala-Msimang|image=Manto2.jpg|office=Tona wa botautona|office1=Tona wa masome mabedi le bobedi wa botsogo|office2=Tona o o tshwareletseng ditlhaeletsanyo|office3=Mothusa tona wa tshiamo|office4=Mopalamente wa [[Aforika Borwa]]|term_start=Lwetse a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa 2008|term_end=Motsheganong a le lesome ngwaga wa 2009|term_start1=Seetebosigo a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa 1999|term_end1=Lwetse a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa 2008|term_start2=Moranang a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 2009|term_end2=Motsheganong a le lesome ngwaga wa 2009|term_start3=Phukwi a rogwa ngwaga wa 1996|term_end3=Seetebosigo a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa 1999|term_start4=Moranang a le masome mabedi kle borobabongwe ngwaga wa 1994|term_end4=Morule a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa 2009|president=[[Kgalema Motlanthe]]|president1=[[Thabo Mbeki]] [[Kgalema Motlanthe]]|president3=[[Kgalema Motlanthe]]|president4=[[Nelson Mandela]]|predecessor=lephata le tlhamiwa|predecessor1=[[Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma]]|predecessor2=[[Ivy Matsepe-Casaburri]]|successor=[[Trevor Manuel]] [[Collins Chabane]]|successor1=[[Barbara Hogan]]|successor2=[[Siphiwe Nyanda]]|minister3=[[Dullar Omar]]|constituency4=[[Durban]]|birth_name=Mantombazana Edmie Mali|birth_date=Phalane a robabongwe ngwaga wa 1940|birth_place=[[Durban]] [[Aforika Borwa]]|party=[[African National Congress]]|spouse=Mandla Tshabalala (pele ga ba kgaogana ka 2009) [[Mendi Msimang]] (go fitlhelela a tlhokafala)|children=ba le babedi|occupation=Mopolotiki Ngaka molweladitshwanelo kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele}} '''Mantombazana "Manto" Edmie Thabalala-Msimang''' (o a neng a fana ka '''Mali''' pele; o o tshotsweng ka Phalane a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa 1940 - a tlhokafala ka Morule a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa 2009)<ref>SAPA (16 December 2009). [https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/Manto-Tshabalala-Msimang-dies-20091216 "Manto Tshabalala-Msimang dies".] ''news24''. Johannesburg. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> e ne e le mopolotiki wa kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. E ne e le mothusa tona wa tshiamo go tswa ka 1996 go tsena 1999, a bereka gape e le tona wa botsogo go tswa ka 1999 go tsena 2008 ka fa tlase ga ga tautona [[Thabo Mbeki]]. O berekile e le tona wa ofisi ya ga tautona ka fa tlase ga ga tautona [[Kgalema Motlanthe]] go tswa ka Lwetse 2008 go tsena Motsheganong 2009. Boremelelo jwa gagwe mo go alafeng segajaja sa [[AIDS]] kwa Aforika Borwa ka merogo e e bonwang motlhofo jaaka tapole, garlic le beetroot, mo boemong jwa diritibatsi tsa antiretrovirals, bo ne bo kgalwa mo gae le mo mafatsheng ka bophara. Melao e e ne ya baka dintsho tsa batho ba Aforika Borwa ba ka nna dikete di le makgolo a mararo ba ba neng ba tsenwe ke mogare.<ref>Lewandowsky, Mann, Bauld, Hastings, Loftus. [https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/the-subterranean-war-on-science "The Subterranean War on Science".] ''Observer''. Association for psychological science. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> == Thuto == A tshotswe ka leina la '''Mantombazana Edmie Mali''' kwa [[Durban]], Tshabalala-Msimang o alogile kwa [[Fort Hare University]] ka 1961. E le mongwe wa banana ba [[African National Congress]] ba ba neng ba ileditswe ka ntlha ya thuto, o ithutetse botsogo kwa First Leningrad Medical Institute kwa [[Soviet Union]] go tswa ka 1962 go tsena 1969. O ne a ya ithutela bokwadise mo peleging le boimana kwa Tanzania, a fetsa ka 1972. Ka ngwaga wa 1980 o ne a aloga ka master ya public health go tswa kwa [[University of Antwerp]] kwa [[Belgian Congo|Belgium]]. E ne e le mongwe wa batho ba mmuso mo boeteledingpele jwa AN kwa [[Tanzania]] le [[Zambia]] ka dingwaga tse di lesome tsa bofelo tsa puso ya tlhaolele, ka maikarabelo a go itebaganya le botsogo le go tlhokomelesega ga masole. == Melao ya AIDS == Tsamaiso ya ga Tshabalala-Msimang e le tona wa botsogo e ne e le mangaga, ka a ne a ngosela go tswa ka lenaneo la alafa AIDS ka diritibatsi tsa antiretrovirals. Fa a buisana le [[John Robbie]] wa [[Radio 702]] ka 2000, Tshabalala-Msimang o ne a gana go bua gore a o dumela gore HIV e baka AIDS.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/924889.stm "'Don't call me Manto' (transcript of interview)".] BBC News. 14 September 2000.</ref> O ne a bidiwa Dr. Beetroot go bo a ne a rotloetsa tiriso ya beetroot, garlic le surunamune le ditapole ga mmogo le go ja sentle fa a bua ka kotsi ya melemo ya AIDS.<ref>Blandy, Fran (16 August 2006[https://web.archive.org/web/20070104191247/http://www.mg.co.za/articlepage.aspx?area=%2Fbreaking_news%2Fbreaking_news__national%2F&articleid=280903 ). "'Dr Beetroot' hits back at media over Aids exhibition".] ''Mail & Guardian''. Archived from the original on 4 January 2007.</ref> O ne a bonwa a setse morago molao wa AIDS go ya ka dikakanyo tsa ga tautona wa Aforika Borwa [[Thabo Mbeki]], o a neng a kile a bua gore o na le dipelaelo ka gore a HIV e baka AIDS. Ka ngwaga wa 2002, khuduthamaga ya Aforika Borwa ba ne ba tlhomamisa molao wa gore HIV e baka AIDS, e le mafoko a semmuso go didimatsa dipelaelo tsa maloko a mangwe a khuduthamaga, a akaretsa tautona. Ka Phatwe 2003, khuduthamaga e ne ya tlhopha gore diritibatsi tsa antiretrovirals di nne teng mo setshabeng, ba laola Tshabalala-Msimang go diragatsa molao. [[Treatment Action Campaign]] (TAC) le motlhamiwa yone [[Zackie Achmat]] gantsi ba ne ba lebagana le tona ba mo kgala, ba supa puso ka monwana le tona wa botsogo go tlhoka go tsibogela segajaja sa AIDS. TAC ene ya etelela pele letsholo le le neng le re a rolwe marapo. TAC e ne ya re Tshabalala-Msimang o berekisana le [[Matthais Rath]], ngaka wa [[Germany]] le mogwebi wa thekiso ya di vitamin, o a neng a lebisitswe molato wa go iletsa batho go dirisa ARV.<ref>Watson J (2006). [https://www.nature.com/articles/nm0106-6a "Scientists, activists sue South Africa's AIDS 'denialists'".] ''Nat. Med''. '''12''' (1): 6. doi:10.1038/nm0106-6a. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16397537/ 16397537]. <q>Separately, health minister Manto Tshabalala-Msimang has long provoked outrage with her public support of garlic, lemon and beetroot as defenses against AIDS, as well as her ongoing affiliations with denialists like Rath.</q></ref> Tshabalala-Msimang o ne a itebagantse le dieelo tsa botsogo, a bona AIDS e le bontlha bo le bongwe fela jwa maiteko ao, ebile e le e ka ntlha ya go tlhoka go alafesega ga HIV le madi a kalafi ya yone, e ka kganela maiteko a go tokafatsa botsogo. Pego e e neng e supa gore AIDS ke morwalo mo tsamaisong ya botsogo, mo e leng gore go e alafa go ka dira gore go nne le madi e ne ya busediwa kwa morago go tlhalosiwa ya seka ya ntshiwa mo selemong sa 2003, go fitlhelela e bonwa e bo e ntshiwa ke ba TAC.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120208135408/http://www.aegis.com/news/sapa/2003/sa030702.html DA Calls for Release of AIDS Report] Archived 3 May 2005 at the Wayback Machine</ref> Morago ga khuduthamaga e sena go tlhopha go amogela tse pego e di boneg, Tshabalala-Msimang o ne a okametse go anamisiwa ga di ARV, mme a tswelela ka go gatelela botlhokwa jwa go ja sentle le go gwetlha ba bangwe go bona AIDS<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120208135413/http://www.aegis.com/news/sapa/2005/sa050604.html Manto again angers AIDS activists] Archived 14 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine</ref>e le bothata jo bongwefela mo botsogong jwa Aforika Borwa. Tiragalo e e neng ya gapa leitlho la setshaba ke ya ga [[Nozipho Bhengu]], morwadie motho wa molao wa [[African National Congress]], o a neng a ganne kalafi ya diritibatsi tsa AIDS, a itlhophela go dirisa surunamune le garlic jaaka Tshbalala-Msimang a gakolotse. Tona o ne a gana go ya phitlhong ya gagwe, o a neng a mo emetse o ne a goelelwa a le mo seraleng.<ref>Mcetywa, Mfundo (28 May 2006). [https://iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=vn20060528142054488C435064 "Bhengu funeral turns into Aids slanging match".] IOL.</ref> Ka Tlhakole 2005, lekgotla la [[Congress of South African Trade Unions]] (COSATU) le ne la kgala lephata la botsogo go bo le reteletswe ke go netefatsa gore diranta di le didikadike di le masome mararo di dirisiwa go tlhama letlole la puso la IDS ka 2002 le dirisitswe.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/News24/South_Africa/Aids_Focus/0,,2-7-659_1666892,00.html COSATU: 'AIDS money not spent'] Archived 12 September 2005 at the Wayback Machine</ref> Ba ne ba re dikete di le makgolo matlhano le masome a mabedi a madi ao a dirisitswe, mme bontlha jo bo tona jwa one bo dirisitswe mo diofising tse di senang batho tsa mokwaledi wa SANAC, selo se se neng sa kgalwa ke moseka seki mogolo. Ka Tlhakole 2006, kwa bokopanong jwa AIDS ja mafatshefatshe kwa [[Toronto]], [[Stephen Lewis]], morongwa o o faphegileng wa United Nations go itebaganya le AIDS mo Africa, o ne a tswala bokopano ka mafoko a kgalo mo pusong ya Aforika Borwa. O ne a re lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le rotloetsa maitshwaro a botseno mo HIV le AIDS, a re puso e ikgatolositse, e bonya ebile e itlhokomolositse go isa melemo kwa bathong.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/5265432.stm South Africa Aids policy attacked]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303220858/http://mg.co.za/articlepage.aspx?area=/breaking_news/breaking_news__national/&articleid=326267 SA govt under fire at Aids conference] Archived 23 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine</ref> Morago ga bokopano, baitseanape ba lefatshe ba HIV/AIDS ba le masome a marataro le botlhano (ba bontsi jwa bone ba neng ba le teng kwa bokopanong) ba ne ba kopa ka lokwalo gore tautona Thabo Mbeki a role Tshabalala-Msimang marapo.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/News24/South_Africa/Aids_Focus/0,,2-7-659_1993915,00.html News24: 'Please fire Manto now'] Archived 28 November 2006 at the Wayback Machine</ref> == Melemo ya setso == Kwa bokopanong le dingaka tsa setso go buisana ka molao wa mo isagong ka Tlhakole 2008, Tshabalala-Msimang o ne a re melemo ya setso ga e a tshwanela go nyenyafadiwa ka ditekeletso tsa botsogo, "re ka se dirise methale ya makgoa go dira dipatlisiso le ditlhabololo".<ref>[https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7261215.stm "No clinical trials for SA healers".] BBC News. 24 February 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Ka Lwetse 2008, Tshabalala-Msimang o ne a re go sirelediwe ditshwanelo tsa botlhale jwa melemo ya setso ya Aforika. Fa a bua kwa moletlong wa borataro wa letsatsi la melemo ya Aforika kwa [[Cameroon]] kwa toropong kgolo [[Yaounde]], o ne a re [[Aferika|Aforika]] o tshwanetse go nna le dipoelo mo kitsong ya gagwe ya setso.<ref>Africa urged to protect traditional medicines Archived 1 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine South African Broadcasting Corporation. Published 1 September 2008. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> == Ka botshelo jwa gagwe == Tshabala-Msimang o ne a nyetswe ke monna wa gagwe wa ntlha, Mandla Tshabalala, fa bobedi joo ba ne ba tshabile kwa Soviet Union. Morago o ne a nyalwa ke [[Mendi Msimang]], motshwara madi wa African National Congress. Matshwenyego ka botsogo jwa ga Tshabalala-Msimang a ne a bonagala ka ngwaga wa 2006 o ya fifing. O ne a robadiwa kwa sepateleng sa Johannesburg ka Tlhakole a le masome mabedi ngwaga wa 2007, a lwala tlhaelo ya madi le go tlala metsi mo makgwafong.<ref>[https://www.news24.com/News24/South_Africa/Politics/0,9294,2-7-12_2074734,00.html News24: 'Manto's 'on the mend] ''Archived 30 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine''</ref> Lephata la botsogo le ne la bua le tautona Thabo Mbeki, ba mo kopa go thapa tona wa nakwana, ka Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le borataro [[Jeff Radebe]] o ne a thapiwa e le tona wa botsogo wa nakwana.<ref>[http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=1&click_id=13&art_id=nw20070226224623292C781405 IOL: Mbeki names stand-in for ailing health chief]</ref> Ka Mopitlo a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 2007, Tshabalala-Msimang o ne a ariwa sebete. <ref>[http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/pr/pr0314-f.html "Press release from the South African Department of Health, describing Tshabalala-Msimang's disease and liver transplant".] Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090805192104/http://www.news24.com/Content/SouthAfrica/News/1059/ef2257794d16488aa740970baa1694ce/Manto_R450_000_for_a_new_liver "Manto: R450 000 for a new liver"]. Archived from the original on 5 August 2009.</ref>Go ne go te se sebakilwe ke go lwala sebete le madi a matona, mme loaro lo ne lo setswe morago ke go supiwa ka monwana go bo a ne a a nwa thata. O ne a fola a boela mo maemong a gagwe a bo tona go fitlhelela a tlhatlhamiwa ka 2008. Ka Lwetse a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa 2009, o ne a tlhokafala ka ntlha ya mathata a a tsamaelanang le go ariwa sebete.<ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2009-12-16-manto-tshabalalamsimang-dies/ Manto Tshabalala-Msimang dies] ''Mail & Guardian''</ref> == Mathata == Ka Phatwe a le lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa 2007, malatsi a le mane morago ga go rolwa marapo ga mothusa tona, [[Noziwe Madlala-Routledge|Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge]], pampiri ya dikgang ya ''Sunday Times'' e ne ya gatisa tsebe e e filweng setlhogo sa "go nwa bojalwa ga ga Manto kwa sepatela" e bua ka nako e a neng a robaditswe ka 2005 a ariwa legetla.<ref name=":0">[https://www.timeslive.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=537601 Manto’s hospital booze binge] Archived 2 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine, ''Sunday Times'' (South Africa). Published 12 August 2007. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> Tsebe e ne e abelela gore o rumile babereki ba sepatela go mo tseela mofine, whisky le dijo ka nako ya bongwe e fetilwe ke metsotso e le masome a mararo mo mosong. Tshabalala-Msimang o ne a tshosetsa ka gore o tlaa sekisa pampiri go bo ba tshotse dipampiri tsa botsogo jwa gagwe. Pampiri ne ya re ga ba ka ke ba boela morago kgatiso ya bone. <ref>[https://mg.co.za/article/2007-08-14-sunday-times-manto-story-is-accurate/ Sunday Times: Manto story is 'accurate'], Mail and Guardian. Published 14 August 2007. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref>Tsebe e e ne e bua gape ka dipelaelo tsa bontsi jwa baitseanape ba botsogo mo makgotleng a puso le a a ikemetseng, ba ba neng ba gana go buiwa ka maina ka ba tshaba go kobiwa mo lephateng, gore seemo sa gagwe sa bolwetsi jwa sebete bo bakilwe ke go nwa bojalwa mo go feteletseng.<ref name=":0" /> Go ya ka pampiri ya ''Sunday Times'' e e neng e filwe setlhogo sa "Manto: letagwa le legodu" e e gatisitsweng ka Phatwe a le lesome leborobabongwe ngwaga wa 2007, tona o ne a atlholetswe bogodu ka a ne a utsule didirisiwa tsa balwetsi kwa sepateleng kwa Botswana, a ne a lelekwa kwa Botswana a nna motswakwa o o ileditsweng.<ref>[https://www.timeslive.co.za/SpecialReports/Manto/Article.aspx?id=542808 MANTO: A DRUNK AND A THIEF] Archived 20 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Sunday Times article. Published 19 August 2007. Retrieved 12 December 2025</ref> == Polotiki ya ANC le go tlhatlhamiwa e le tona wa botsogo == Ka kemo nokeng ya baema nokeng ba ga [[Jacob Zuma]], Tshabalala-Msimang o ne a tlhophiwa gape go nna mo komiting ya maloko a robabobedi ka Morule 2007 a le mo maemong a masome a matlhano le botlhano, ka ditlhopho di le sekete, makgolo a matlhano, masome a robabongwe le motso.<ref>Brendan Boyle, [https://www.timeslive.co.za/News/Article.aspx?id=666599 "Winnie Mandela tops ANC election list"] Archived 2 October 2008 at the Wayback Machine, ''The Times'' (South Africa), 21 December 2007.</ref> Mbeki o ne a patelediwa go ithola marapo ke ANC ka Lwetse 2008. Fa motlhatlhami wa gagwe[[, Kgalema Motlanthe]], a pagama setilo sa botautona ka Lwetse a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa 2008, o ne a isa Tshabalala-Msimang go nna tona wa ofisi ya ga tautona, a thapa [[Barbara Hogan]] go mo tlhatlhama e le tona wa botsogo.<ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/200809250958.html "South Africa: New President Removes Health Minister",] allAfrica.com, 25 September 2008.</ref> Tshabalala-Msimang o ne a sa akarediwa mo khuduthamageng ya ntlha ya ga tautona [[Jacob Zuma]], e e itsisitsweng ka Motsheganong a le lesome ngwaga wa 2009.<ref>[https://www.gov.za/ "Statement by President Jacob Zuma on the appointment of the new Cabinet"] Archived 13 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Government Communication and Information System, 10 May 2009.</ref> == Loso == Tshabalala-Msimang o tlhokafetse ka Morule a le lesome leborataro ngwaga wa 2009 kwa Wits University Donald Gordon Medical Centre. Ngaka ya gagwe, Professor Jeff Wing, o ne a itsise fa a tlhokafetse ka ntlha ya bothata jo bo tlhagogileng ka go ariwa sebete.<ref>[https://www.timeslive.co.za/news/article235095.ece "Manto Tshabalala-Msimang has died",] ''Sunday Times (Johannesburg)'', 16 December 2009.</ref> Ba ba kgatlhanong le ene ba sepolotiki le ditsala ba ne ba supa fa ba gakgamaditswe ke kitsiso ya loso lwa gagwe: * Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) - "Ga re eleletse motho ope bosula, le ntswa re ne re na le nako e e thata le ene fa a le tona wa botsogo. Re romela matshediso a rona kwa go ba lolwapa le bana" * [[Helen Zille]], moeteledipele wa [[Democratic Alliance]] - "re isa maikotlhao a magolo kwa go ba lolwapa le barati. Go botlhoko fa motho mongwe le mongwe a tlhokafala. Jaaka mapolotiki a mantsi, go ne go ngangiwa ka ene. Le fa go ntse jalo, seo ga se ree gore loso lwa gagwe ga lo botlhoko." * COSATU tautona Sidumo Dlamini - "tse ke dikgang tse di gakgamatsang. Mongwe o mpoditse maabane gore re ya go romela molaetsa o o reng kwa go ene kwa sepateleng, ke ne ka re re solofetse ebile re mo eleletsa go fola ka pele. O dirile diphoso ka go dira melao eo, mme e ne e le motho. Tatlhego ya gagwe ke tatlhegelo e tona. Aforika Borwa o latlhegetswe ke moeteledipele o motona wa ANC". == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Nozizwe Madlala-Routledge]] == Metswedi == 7w1saxdl95fsd4gb9aeqiphhxpvcu9u 0 12665 51480 47364 2026-06-25T02:29:27Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51480 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Christian de Graaff|image=Christian de Graaff.jpg|office2=[[Member of Parliament (Botswana)|Member of Parliament]] for <br /> [[Ghanzi]] South|order=Minister of Agriculture|predecessor=[[O. S. Molebatsi]]|successor=[[Patrick Pule Ralotsia]]|president=[[Ian Khama]]|term_start1=2011|term_end1=April 2015|birth_place=[[Ghanzi]], [[Bechuanaland Protectorate]] (now [[Botswana]])|death_date=9 November 2025|birth_date=1953|death_place=South Africa|nationality=[[Botswana citizenship]]|profession=Farmer, Politician|predecessor2=[[Brampie De Graaf]]}} Christian de Graaff (o tshotswe kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1950 mme a tlhokafala ka la bo 09 Ngwanatsele 2025)<ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw/2004/May/Tuesday4/105189481147.html "I will work hard to win"]- De Graaf". 4 May 2004.</ref> e ne e le Tona ya Temothuo ya Botswana<ref>Admin (1 August 2013). [https://www.thegazette.news/opinion/christian-de-graaff-behind-the-aff-able-facade/ "Christian de Graaff : behind the aff able façade"]. ''Botswana Gazette''. Retrieved 28 October 2024.</ref><ref>editor, Online (21 July 2013). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250221124851/https://www.sundaystandard.info/de-graff-says-only-khama-can-fire-him-over-collapse-of-bmc/ "De Graff says only Khama can fire him over collapse of BMC] | Sunday Standard". Retrieved 28 October 2024</ref> go tloga ka 2011 go fitlha ka 2015 mme e ne e le Leloko la Palamente la Ghanzi Borwa go tloga ka 2007–2014.<ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw/news/de-graaf-quits-politics-and-lions/newsDe&#x20;Graaf&#x20;quits&#x20;politics&#x20;and&#x20;lions De Graaf quits politics and lions], ''Mmegi'', May 25, 2016</ref><ref>"Christian DeGraaf." Tsena. Tsena.co, n.d. Web. 16 Jan. 2016.</ref> E ne e le wa morafe wa Afrikaner go tswa kwa Ghanzi, e go ya ka ditso e nnileng le palo e ntsi ya Maburu. == Metswedi == dtol9aiia3f9xa8bfu5fpratinjyixy 0 13384 51454 51050 2026-06-24T14:00:12Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya tsebe ya Letsha la Malawi #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51454 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Malawi seen from orbit.jpg|thumb|setshwantsho go tswa mo modikologong. Bokone bo mo sekhutlong se se kwa godimo sa moja]] '''Letsha la Malawi''', le le itsegeng gape jaaka '''Letsha la Nyasa''' kwa [[Tanzania]] le Letsha la '''Niassa''' kwa [[Mozambique]], (Seswahili: Ziwa Nyasa) ke Letsha le letona la [[Aferika|Aforika]] le letsha le le kwa borwa thata mo thulaganyong ya Rift ya Aforika Botlhaba, le le fa gare ga Malawi, [[Mozambique]] le Tanzania. Ke letsha la bone le letona la metsi a a phepa mo lefatsheng ka bolumu, letsha la borobongwe le letona mo lefatsheng ka botona le letsha la boraro le letona le la bobedi le le boteng mo Afrika. Letsha la Malawi ke legae la mefuta e mentsi ya ditlhapi go feta letsha lepe le lengwe mo lefatsheng,<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080511101010/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/protected_areas/data/wh/lakemal.html "Protected Areas Programme]". United Nations Environment Programme, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, UNESCO. October 1995. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-06-26.</ref> go akaretsa le bonnye mefuta e le makgolo a supa ya di-cichlid.<ref name=":1">Turner, Seehausen, Knight, Allender, and Robinson (2001). "How many species of cichlid fishes are there in African lakes?" ''Molecular Ecology'' 10: 793–806.</ref>Karolo ya Mozambique ya letsha e ne ya itsisiwe semmuso jaaka lefelo la polokelo ke Puso ya Mozambique ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le lesome, ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso,<ref>WWF (10 June 2011). [http://wwf.panda.org/?uNewsID=200583 "Mozambique's Lake Niassa declared reserve and Ramsar site"] Retrieved 17 July 2014.</ref>fa kwa Malawi karolo ya letsha e akareditswe mo [[Malawi|Phakeng ya Bosetšhaba ya Letsha la Malawi.]]<ref name=":0" /> Letsha la Malawi ke letsha la meromictic, se se rayang gore dikarolo tsa lone tsa metsi ga di tlhakane. Go aroganngwa ga metsi a Letsha la Malawi le molelwane wa phefo ya oksijene le oxic-anoxic go tlhokomelwa ke dikhemikhale tse dinnye tse di magareng le tsa mogote.<ref>Pilskaln, C. H. (2004). "Seasonal and Interannual Particle Export in an African Rift Valley Lake: A 5-Yr Record from Lake Malawi, Southern East Africa". ''Limnology and Oceanography'', 49(4), 964–977. <nowiki>{{doi:10.2307/3597647}}</nowiki>.</ref> == Thutafatshe == Letsha la Malawi le fa gare ga dikilometara di le makgolo a mathano le masome a marataro(350 mi)<ref name=":2">[http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/cichlid/malawi.php "Malawi Cichlids".] ''AC Tropical Fish''. Aquaticcommunity.com. Retrieved 2007-04-02.</ref>le dikilometara di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a robabobedi (360 mi) ka boleele,<ref>[http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Lake_Nyasa.aspx#1-1E1:Nyasa-La-full "Lake Nyasa".] [[:en:Columbia_Encyclopedia|''Columbia Encyclopedia Online''.]] [[:en:Columbia_University_Press|Columbia University Press.]] Retrieved 2011-08-02</ref> le bophara jwa dikilometara di ka nna masome a supa le botlhano (47 mi) kwa lefelong la lone le le bulegileng thata. Letsha leno le na le botona jotlhe jwa disekwerekilometara di ka nna 29 600.<ref name=":2" /> Letsha le le boleele jwa makgolo a supa le borataro m (2,316 ft) kwa ntlheng ya lone e e kwa teng thata, le le mo lefelong le le kwa tlase thata mo karolong e e kwa bokone-bogare.<ref name=":3">[[:en:Ad_Konings|Konings, Ad]] (1990). ''Ad Konings' Book of Cichlids and all the other Fishes of Lake Malawi.'' [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0866225274|<bdi>978-0866225274</bdi>.]]</ref> Mogogoro o mongwe o monnye kwa bokone jo bo kgakala o fitlha kwa boteng jwa di metara dile makgolo a matlhano,masome a mabedi le boferabobedi (1,732 ft).<ref name=":3" /> Sephatlo se se kwa borwa sa letsha leno ga se boteng; kwa tlase ga dimetara di le makgolo a ,mane(1,300 ft) mo karolong e e kwa borwa-bogare le kwa tlase ga dimethara dile makgolo a mabedi (660 ft) kwa borwa jo bo kgakala.<ref name=":3" /> Letsha leno le na le mabopo kwa bophirima jwa Mozambique, kwa botlhaba jwa Malawi le kwa borwa jwa Tanzania. Noka e tona e e elelang mo go yone ke Noka ya Ruhuhu, mme go na le lefelo le le tswang kwa ntlheng ya yone e e kwa borwa, e leng Noka ya Shire, e leng noka e e elelang mo Nokeng ya Zambezi kwa Mozambique.<ref name=":1" />Mowafatso e dira go feta 80% ya tatlhegelo ya metsi go tswa mo letsheng, go feta thata Noka ya Shire e e elelang.<ref>Park, L.E.; and A.S. Cohen (2011). Paleoecological response of ostracods to early Late Pleistocene lake-level changes in Lake Malawi, East Africa. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 303: 71–80. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.02.038|10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.02.038]]</ref> Metsi a a tswang kwa Letsheng la Malawi go tsena mo Nokeng ya Shire a botlhokwa mo itsholelong ka gonne metswedi ya metsi e tshegetsa maatla a metsi, nosetso le mefutafuta ya ditshedi e e kwa tlase.<ref>Bhave, A., Vincent, K. and Mkwambisi, D. (2019) Projecting future water availability in Lake Malawi and the Shire River basin, Future Climate for Africa Brief, Cape Town: CDKN. [https://futureclimateafrica.org/resource/brief-projecting-future-water-availability-inlake-malawi-and-the-shire-river-basin/ https://futureclimateafrica.org/resource/brief-projecting-future-water-availability-inlake-malawi-and-the-shire-river-basin]</ref> Go tlhagisitswe matshwenyego ka ga ditlamorago tsa isago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi tsa Letsha la Malawi ka ntlha ya phokotsego ya bošeng ya maemo a letsha le tlwaelo ya go oma ka kakaretso.<ref>Bhave, Ajay G.; Bulcock, Lauren; Dessai, Suraje; Conway, Declan; Jewitt, Graham; Dougill, Andrew J.; Kolusu, Seshagiri Rao; Mkwambisi, David (2020-05-01). [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022169420301311 "Lake Malawi's threshold behaviour: A stakeholder-informed model to simulate sensitivity to climate change".] ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''584''' 124671. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020JHyd..58424671B 2020JHyd..58424671B.] doi:10.[[doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124671|1016/j.jhydrol.2020.124671.]] ISSN 0022-1694. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:213751778 213751778].</ref> seemo sa loapi mo kgaolong ya letsha e setse e itemogela diphetogo, ka dithemphoritšhara tse di bonelwang pele go oketsega go ralala lefatshe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210304151018/https://futureclimateafrica.org/resource/how-can-we-improve-the-use-of-information-for-a-climate-resilient-malawi/ "How can we improve the use of information for a climate-resilient Malawi?".] ''fcfa''. Retrieved 2026-06-05.</ref> Letsha le le ka nna dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Letsha la Tanganyika, le lengwe la makadiba a magolo a Rift ya Aforika Botlhaba.<ref>Aghaindum, Ajeagah Gideon (2017-06-15). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=8F0nDwAAQBAJ Water as a weapon of international confrontations]''. Editions L'Harmattan. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-14-003961-4|<bdi>978-2-14-003961-4</bdi>.]]</ref> Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Letsha la Malawi e kwa ntlheng e e kwa borwa jwa letsha.<ref>[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/289/ "Lake Malawi National Park"]. ''World Heritage List''. [[:en:UNESCO|UNESCO]]. Retrieved 24 October 2015.</ref> == Ditso tsa popego == Letsha la Malawi ke lengwe la matsha a matona gape e le la bogologolo. Letsha le mo mokgatsheng o o tlhamilweng ke go bulega ga East African Rift, kwa moalo o o ikadileng kwa tlase ga lefatshe wa Aforika o kgaoganang ga bedi teng. Se se bidiwa molelwane wa moalo o o kgaoganang. Letsha la Malawi go akanyediwa fa le ka tswa le le dingwaga di le sedikadike se le sengwe kgotsa di le pedi, mme bosupi jwa mo bosheng bo supa letsha le legologolo go feta foo la kgampu e e simolotseng go nna teng dingwaga di l e 8.6 mya le metsi a a boteng a simolotse go nna teng 4.5 mya. Seelo sa metsi se farologane thata mo tsamaong ya nako, se tswa kwa dimithareng di le makgolo a marataro kwa tlase ga seelo sa gompieno go ya dimithareng di le lesome go stena di le masome mabedi kwa godimo. Ka dinako tse letsha le kgadileng ka tsone, le tlogela matsha a a boteng a a letswai kwa dintlheng tse di boteng tsa Malawi. Nyalano ya metsi e e tshwanang le diemo tsa gompieno e nnile teng fela dingwaga di le dikete di le masome a marataro tse di fitileng. == Metswedi == 8um703qu8dco4dog51ak1vun9a3igw5 0 13470 51502 50423 2026-06-25T07:27:56Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51502 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Boegoeberg''' ke letamo le le agilweng ka lograrapana kwa [[Noka ya Orange|nokeng ya Orange]], gaufi le Prieska, kwa [[Kapa Bokone]], [[Aforika Borwa]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Boegoebergdam "Boegoebergdam | Nature Reserve, Limpopo, Wildlife | Britannica".] ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2026-06-10.</ref> Kago e simolotswe ka ngwaga wa 1926 ya fediwa ka 1933.<ref name=":0">[https://mindtrip.ai/attraction/south-africa/boegoeberg-dam/at-VNDk41xk "mindtrip".] ''Mindtrip''. Retrieved 2026-06-10.</ref> Noka e, e reeletswe ka setlhatshana sa Croton gratissimus, se gape se bidiwang Bergboegoe.<ref>''Medicinal Plants of South Africa'' - van Wyk et al.</ref> Tiriso ya yone ya mmangmang kee go nosetsa,e na le kgonagalo ya borai e e kwa tlase. == Ditso == Groblershoop pele go ne go itsege ka Sternham, e reeletswe ka Mr. Stern o o agileng motshine o o fetlhang metsing kwa nokeng ya Orange ka dingwaga tsa 1920 mme wa tloga wa senngwa ke merwalela ya 1925. Mr. Litchfield o ne a setse a dirile motshine wa motlkase wa metsi le pompo kwa Orange ka dingwaga tsa 1890, ka a ne a itse bokgoni jwa go nosetsa mo lotshintshing kwa balemi barui ba neng ba isa metsi kwa masimong a bone ka bothata fa e sale ka 1872. Mr. Litchfield o ne a ntsha mogopolo wa gore go diriwe leano la go nosetsa, mme se se ne sa seka sa diragala fa e sale ka 1895. Ka ngwaga wa 1902, moemedi W. D Gordon, o e nenge le moinjeneere kwa koloneng ya Kapa kwa lephateng la ditiro tsa setshaba a nna kwa Kapa, o ne a dumalana le mogopolo wa ga Litchfield, mme se sea seka sa kgonagala. Ka Tlhakole 1911, Alfred Dale Lewis, mo injeneere wa kgaolo wa Cape Town mo lephateng la nosetso, o ne a dira patlisiso e e tseneletseng ya boteng jwa noka ya Orange. Ka e ne e le mosimolodi wa go nosetsa kwa Aforika Borwa o o berekileng e le mookamedi wa nosetso go tswa ka 1921 go tsena 1941, o ne a dira patlisiso mo nokeng ya Orange a tsamaya ka dinao mme ka dinako tse dingwe a dirisa koloi ya dipitse. Go ya ka moitseanape wa ditso T.V Bulpin, go sokola mo a go itsemogetseng ga mogote o o feteletseng le tsela e e seng motlhofo go tsamaiwa ga go fetiwe ke sepe mo ditsong tsa dipatlisiso kwa Aforika Borwa. Lewis o ne a ntsha mogopolo wa gore go agiwe letamo gaufi le Boegoeberg le mosele o o nosetsang o o dikhilomithara di le lekgolo le masome a mararo go isa metsi kwa lefatsheng le le tlhokang go nosediwa la di heketara di le dikete di le nne. Leano le ne la emisiwa ke letlhoko la madi, mme le ne la tsosolosiwa e le porojeke ya tiro ya madi a a kwa tlase mo go ba ba sa berekeng ka nako ya matlhotlhapelo a a kwa godimo. Leano e ne e se go dira tiro fela ka bofefo mme gape le ne le akaretsa go batlela ba ba berekang lefelo le ba ka nnang mo go lone go ba imolola lehuma. Porojeke e ne ya simolodisiwa semmuso ke ba lephata la tsa pereko. Tiro e simolotse ka Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le boraro ngwaga wa 1929, e simolola ka go aga lebotana la dikhilomithara di le makgolo a marartaro, masome a mabedi le bobedi ka boleele, lo le di mithara di le lesome go ya kwa godimo. Mesele e le masome a marataro le borobabobedi e ne ya isiwa kwa godimo go tlhotlha metsi a morwalela le go tsaya motlhaba, lebotana le ne le isa metsi kwa msoelelng le molatswana se se letla gore go knone go nosediwa go stwa kwa nokeng go ya go tsena kwa [[Diphororo tsa Augrabies|diphororong tsa Augrabies]]. Kampa e ne ya agiwa kwa lefelong le le kwa thoko, e akaretsa ditante le matlo a mmu gore babereki ba nne mo go one, mabentlele, sekolo le kokelo le tsone di ne di le teng. Babereki ba ne ba duelwa madi a disheleng di le supa, di pence di le thataro ka oura ka bokete jo ba neng ba bo tsholetsa.<ref>"Boegoeberg se dam is 'n doodlekker plan". ''Rapport''. June 3, 2012.</ref> Babereki ba ne ba kwala maboko, ba bina ebile ba opela go supa ditsholofelo tsa bone tsa gore tiro ya bone e tlaa ntsha masimo, madirelo le matlo fa e fela. Mmino o o bidiwang Boegoeberg's Dam o tswa kwa nako e, e le sekai. Ma injineere ba tshwana le Adolf Aslasken, Sven Eklund, Gordon Allen le D.F Kokot ba ne ba okametse tiro e ya babereki ba ba neng ba sa nyala ba le makgolo mabedi le masome a matlhano ba malwapa a bone a neng a ikemiseditse tiragalo e e thata e. Letamo le feditswe ka ngwaga wa 1933,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260610072117/https://www.groblershoop.co.za/listing/boegoeberg-dam "Boegoeberg Dam"]. ''Groblershoop Accommodation, Business & Tourism Portal''. Retrieved 2026-06-10.</ref> ngwaga o o latelang, metsi a ntlha a ne a elela go tswa kwa mseleng wa dikhilomithara di le lekgolo masome mabedi le motso go ya kwa lefelong la diheketara di le dikete thataro, le makgolo a marataro le kgaogantswe ka ditsha tsa diheketara di le tlhano senngwe le senngwe, sengwe le sengwe se agilwe ntlo ya matlapa. Pulo ya noka e ne e le moletlo o motona o go neng go na le dipuo, dithapelo, peso nama, ba ba neng ba tseneletse botlhe ba ne kopilwe go ntsha letlapa go dira sehikantswe sa babereki, se se neng se tlaa seke se agiwe ka pele. Ka Morule a le lesome le borataro ngwaga wa 1938, fa dikolotsana tsa dipitse tse go neng go ipelelwa dingwaga di le lekgolo tsa mosepele wa ba lotso lwa Dutch di ne tsa goroga kwa Pretoria go simolodisa segopotso sa Voortrekker, go ne ga tsewa tshwetso ya go aga segopotso sa letamo la Boegoeberg ka matlapa a pele, go ipelela kago ya letamo le mosepele. Groblershoop e tlhamiwle ka 1936 mo lefatsheng le pele e nenge le Sternham, le biditswe ka P.G.W Grobler, Tona wa ditsha mo pusong ya ga J.B.M Hertzog go tswa ka 1924 go stena 1933. Molatswana morago o ne wa nna lefelo le le tlwaelesegileng ka go thuma, go tshameka metshameko ya metsi le go tshwara ditlhapi, go ne ga agiwa le lefelo la itloso bodutu la RV Park.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == 51jysgdolpogj9cuhgrxsl87bsrpmkz 0 13480 51484 50433 2026-06-25T03:07:12Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51484 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lone Fall, Blyde River Canyon, South Africa 1.JPG|left|thumb|Dikgaga tsa Lone Creek, dikhilomithara di robabongwe go tswa kwa Sabie]] '''Diphororo tsa Lone Creek''' di gaufi le Sabie kwa [[Mpumalanga|Mpumalanga,]] kwa [[Aforika Borwa|Aforika Borwa.]] Diphororo tse di tshologa dimithara di le masome a supa mo dikgageng.<ref>Mapstudio TouristGuide. Mpumalanga/Lowveld 2003 ISBN 1-86809-653-X</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20260610085206/https://www.safcol.co.za/ecotourism-4/waterfalls/lone-creek-falls-and-picnic Lone Creek Falls and Picnic]". ''SAFCOL''. Retrieved 2026-06-10.</ref> Diphororo tse segopotso sa bosetshaba.<ref>[https://www.sa-venues.com/things-to-do/mpumalanga/lone-creek-falls/ "Lone Creek Falls in Sabie, Mpumalanga"]. ''www.sa-venues.com''. Retrieved 2026-06-10.</ref> == Metswedi == mrq5x90w5wer3zwxp75s6qb6jkue9fk 0 13484 51483 50437 2026-06-25T03:03:41Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51483 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:SA04103-Wodospad Bridal Veil.jpg|thumb|Diphororo tsa Bridal Veil, kwa Sabie]] [[Setshwantsho:Bridal Veil Falls Sabie.jpg|thumb|Diphororo o di bonela kgakala]] '''Diphororo tsa Bridal Veil''' di dikhilomithara di le thataro kwa ntle ga Sabie, kwa [[Mpumalanga]], kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. E bo kwa godimo jwa dimithara di le masome a supa. Diphororo tse di tsholola metsi ka bonya se se dira gore go tshwane le losire, ke sone se di filweng leina le.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210513015407/http://www.safcol.co.za/what-we-offer/ecotourism/bridal-veil-falls/ "Bridal Veil Falls | SAFCOL".] 9 November 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> Ke nngwe ya diphororo tse dintsi mo lefelong leo kwa nokeng ya Sabie ebile ke lefelo la bojanala. Batho ba kgona go goroga koo ka koloi, go na le lefelo la go ema ga dikoloi le lefelo la go itlosa bodutu mo lobaleng lwa SAFCOL. Go tswa kwa dikoloi di emang teng, tselana ya dinao e feta sekgwa dimithara di ka nna makgolo a supa le masome a matlhano (sekgele sa metsotso e le lesome le botlhano) go ya kwa diphororong.<ref name=":0">[https://www.sabie.co.za/tour/sabie-route.html#bidal%20veil%20falls "Sabie River Route".] ''www.sabie.co.za''. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> == Bojanala == [[Setshwantsho:The Bridal Veil Falls in Sabie, South Africa..jpg|thumb|Diphororo tsa Bridal Veil ka nako ya dipula tse dintsi ka Tlhakole 2019]] Diphororo tsa Bridal Veil di mo tseleng ya Panorama mo lefelong le le nang le diphororo tse di fetang tsa lefelo lepe fela mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]].<ref>[https://www.southafrica.net/na/en/travel/article/the-sabie-waterfalls-route-a-waterfall-wonderland "The Sabie Waterfalls Route - A Waterfall Wonderland | Mpumalanga (NA)".] ''www.southafrica.net''. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> Bajanala ba letsatsi ba etela diphororo tse gangwe le gape ba duela tlhwatlhwa e e kwa tlase go di bona.<ref name=":0" /> Diphororo tsa Bridal Veil ke lefelo le le kgatlhisang gape mo tseleng ya Loerie Trail e e dikhilomithara di le lesome ka boleele mme gape go na le e e khutshwane ya dikhilomithara di le thataro e e simololang e bo e felela kwa diphororong tse.<ref>[https://greater.krugerpark.co.za/Activities_Guide-travel/hiking-trails-sabie-valley.html "Hiking Trails in the Sabie Valley, near Kruger National Park".] ''greater.krugerpark.co.za''. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> Diphororo tse ke bontlha jwa tsela e e tsamaiwang ka maoto ya Fanie Botha e e tsamaiwang malatsi a le matlhano, mme go na le ditsela tse dikhutshwane gape.<ref>[https://sabie.co.za/about/hiking/#bridal "Walks and Hikes - Sabie".] ''sabie.co.za''. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> [[Setshwantsho:The Bridal Veil Falls - Sabie, South Africa..jpg|thumb|Diphororo tsa Bridal Veil le bajanala ba babedi kwa tlase]] [[Setshwantsho:Bridal Veil Falls - Sabie in South Africa. .jpg|thumb|Diphororo tsa Bridal Veil le mojanala a ntse mo lentsweng ]] == Metswedi == a0umuc5cita3jdtnd4pry0attm2b96h 0 13494 51574 50680 2026-06-25T11:55:32Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51574 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Orange|river_name=Kai Garib (Groote Rivier), Gariep, Senqu, Oranje, Igqili (isiZulu le isiiZhosa)|image_name=OrangeRiverUpington.jpg|caption=Letsatsi le phirima kwa nokeng ya Orange gaufi le Upington kwa [[Kapa Bokone]]|basin_countries=[[Lesotho]] [[Aforika Borwa]] [[Namibia]]|mouth=Alexander Bay|location=lewatle la Atlantic|length_km=2,432 km (1,511 mi)|discharge_m3/s=365 m3/s (12,900 cu ft/s)|right_tribs=[[Noka ya Caledon]] [[Noka ya Vaal]] [[Noka ya Fish]] (kwa [[Namibia]]|elevation_m=3,350 m (10,990 ft)}} '''Noka ya Orange ('''e ka teme ya ''Afrikaans'' kgotsa Dutch e leng: '''Oranjerivier''') ke noka e e kwa borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]]. Ke noka e telele go di fitisa tsotlhe kwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Kgampu ya Orange, e e boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le dikete pedi, makgolo a mane, masome a mararo le bobedi, e tswa kwa Lesotho e tsena mo Aforika Borwa le [[Namibia]] go ya kwa bokone. E feta ka [[dithaba tsa Drankensberg]] kwa [[Lesotho]], e elelela kwa bophirima e feta ka Aforika Borwa go ya lewatleng la Atlantic. Noka e ke bontlha bongwe jwa melelwane ya mafatshefatshe gareng ga Aforika Borwa le Lesotho le gareng ga [[Aforika Borwa]] le [[Namibia]], ga mmogo le le melelwane ya dikgaolo di le mmalwa mo Aforika Borwa. Ga e fete ka ditoropo dipe tse ditona kwa ntle ga ya [[Upington]]. Noka ya Orange e na le seabe se setona mo itsholelong ya Aforika Borwa ka go ntsha metsi a go nosetsa le go fetlha motlakase. Noka e, e reeletswe ka lolwapa lwa Dutch lwa segosi lwa House of Orange, e fiwa leina le ke motsamai wa Dutch Robert Jacob Gordon. Maina a mangwe a akaretsa lefoko le le rayang noka fela, ka puo ya Khoekhoegowab le kwalwa e le !Garib, le ka Afrikaans le ranolwang e le Gariep,<ref>Travel, Wild Africa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20161220031736/http://www.wildafricatravel.com/home/country-overview/southern-region/orange-river/ "Wild Africa Travel: Orange River".] ''www.wildafricatravel.com''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20161220031736/http://www.wildafricatravel.com/home/country-overview/southern-region/orange-river/ the original] on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> Noka ya Groote kgotsa noka ya Senqu (kwa Lesotho), go tswa mo lefokong bontsho.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161213081531/https://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/intro.aspx "Orange River Basin".] ''www.dwa.gov.za''. Archived from [https://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/intro.aspx the original] on 13 December 2016. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> E itsiwe ka puo ya [[Sezulu|Se Zulu]] e le isAngqu.<ref>Doke, C.M (1972). ''Zulu-English Dictionary'' (in English and Zulu). Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press. p. 11. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-85494-027-8|<bdi>0-85494-027-8</bdi>.]]</ref> == Go tsamaya ga yone == [[Setshwantsho:Orange River basin map.svg|left|thumb|Motsamao wa noka ya Orange, noka ya Caledon le noka ya Vaal. Mmepe o o supa Molelwane wa kelelo ya metsi. Kgampu ya Kalahari ga e a akarediwa ka metswedi mengwe ere ga e ise kwa dinokeng tse dingwe. Metswedi e mengwe e supa kgampu e e akaretsa dikarolo dingwe tsa [[Botswana]] (ka jalo le tsa Kalahari).]] Noka ya Orange e ya kwa godimo kwa dithabeng tsa Drankensberg mo molelwaneng wa Aforika Borwa le Lesotho, dikhilomithara di ka nna lekgolo, masome a robabongwe le boraro kwa bophirimwa jwa lewatle la Indian, e le bo kwa godimo jwa dimithara di le dikete tharo. Lefelo le noka e e leng kwa godimo thata kwa Lesotho go bidiwa Senqu. Dintlha dingwe tsa noka ya Senqu di a gatsela ka mariga ka ntlha ya go nna kwa godimo. Se se baka komelelo kwa tlase ga noka, mo go amang thata go nna teng ga dipodi le dikgomo.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20260506034950/https://www.britannica.com/place/Orange-River "Orange River | Physical Features & Exploration | Britannica".]''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Archived from [https://www.britannica.com/place/Orange-River the original] on 6 May 2026. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> Noka ya Orange e tlaa bo e elelela kwa bophirima e kgabaganya Aforika Borwa, e tlhama tsela ya borwa-bophirima jwa kgaolo ya [[Foreistata|Free State]]. Mo kgaolong e, noka e elelela pele kwa [[Letamo la Gariep|letamong la Gariep]] morago e ye kwa letamong la vanderkloof. Go tswa kwa molelwaneng wa Lesotho go ya kwa tlase ga letamo la Vanderkloof, noka e epegile thata. Kwa tlase gape, lefatshe le papetla, noka e dirisiwa thata mo go nosetseng.<ref>[https://sahistory.org.za/place/orange-river "Orange River | South African History Online"]. ''sahistory.org.za''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> Kwa bophirima jwa [[Foreistata|Free State]], kwa borwa bophirima kwa [[Kimberley]], noka ya Orange e kopana le noka e e tshelang thata mo go yone ya Vaal, e e dirang bontlha jo bogolo jwa molelwane o o kwa bokone jwa kgaolo. Go tswa fa, noka e elelela kwa bophirima e feta sekgwa se se omeletseng sa borwa jwa kgaolo ya Kalahari le Namaqualand kwa [[Kapa Bokone]] go kopana le Namibia kwa boleleeleng jwa lefatshe jwa 20 degrees kwa botlhaba. Go tswa fa, e elelela kwa bophirima dikhilomithara di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a matlhano, e tlhama molelwane wa mafatshefatshe gareng ga kgaolo e le kgaolo ya Namibia ya Karas. Noka e ka kgabaganngwa kwa Vioolsdrif kgotsa Noordoewer, kgotsa Alexander Bay kgotsa molelwane wa Orangemund fa o tlola ka tsela le kwa molelwaneng wa Sendlingsdrif fa o tlola ka sekepe. Mo dikhilomithareng tse di makgolo a robabobedi tsa bofelo tsa motsamao wa yone, noka ya Orange e amogela metsi go tswa mo melatswaneng (e tshwana le noka ya Fish), le mekgatshanyana e le mmalwa e metona e ya kwa go yone. Mo kgaolong e, [[sekaka sa Namib]] se felela kwa bokone jwa lotshitshi lwa noka, ka jalo, ka tlwaelesego, selekanyo sa metsi a a okediwang ke dinoka tse se sennye thata. Fa, moalo wa noka o epegile thata gape. [[Diphororo tsa Augrabies]] di mo ntlheng e ya noka ya Orange, kwa noka e yang kwa teng di mithara di le masome matlhano le borataro sebaka sa dikhilomithara di le lesome le borobabobedi.<ref name=":1">[https://www.cedarberg-travel.com/destination/south-africa/northern-cape/augrabies-falls-national-park/ "Augrabies Falls National Park, South Africa - Cedarberg Africa".] ''www.cedarberg-travel.com''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> Noka ya Orange e tshela kwa lewatleng la Atlantic gareng ga ditoropo tse dipotlana tsa Oranjemund kwa Namibia le Alexander Bay kwa Aforika Borwa, sebaka se se lekanang le fa gare ga [[Walvis Bay]] le [[Cape Town]]. Molomo wa noka ya Orange ke lefelo le le tletseng dimela tse di farologaneng gape le na le mefuta ya dinonyane e le masome a matlhano le bosupa fa dinonyane ka bongwe ka bongwe tse di gatisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 1985 di le dikete di le masome mabedi, makgolo a marataro, masome a matlhano le boraro go tsena dikete di le masome a mabedi le borataro, makgolo a marataro, masome a matlhano le boraro. Ke lefelo le le makgobokgobo le le leng botlhokwa go ya ka tumalano ya mafatshefatshe ya ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bongwe( 1971) kwa Ramsar, Iran, ka e le lengwe la mafelo a se kae a a makgobokgobo mo lotshitshing lo lo omeletseng kwa Borwa bophirima jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]].<ref>Anderson, Mark D; Kolberg, Holger; Anderson, P Corné; Dini, John; Abrahams, Abe (September 2003). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.2989/00306520309485389 "Waterbird populations at the Orange River mouth from 1980–2001: a re-assessment of its Ramsar status".] ''Ostrich''. '''74''' (3–4): 159–172. [[:en:Bibcode|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Ostri..74..159A 2003Ostri..74..159A.] doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.2989/00306520309485389 10.2989/00306520309485389.] [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0030-6525 0030-6525.]</ref> Dikhilomithara di le masome mararo le boraro go tswa mo molomong wa yone, e fitlhilwe ke metsi a a elelang ka bontsi le motlhaba ebile ga e tsamaege ka sebaka se seleele. Noka e, e boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le dikete pedi, makgolo a mane, masome a mararo le bobedi.<ref name=":0" /> === Dikgaolo tse e isang metsi kwa go tsone le pula === Ka paka ya komelelo, selekanyo sa metsi mo nokeng se ya kwa tlase thata ka ntlha ya go elela mo go ntsi le go tsewa ke phefo le letsatsi. Kwa motsweding wa noka ya Orange, pula e na ka bokete jwa di mili mithara di le dikete pedi ka ngwaga, mme pula e a fokotsega fa noka e elelela kwa bophirima; kwa molomong wa yone, pula e kwa tlase ga di milimithara di le masome a matlhano ka ngwaga. Dintlha tse di bakang go tsewa ke phefo le letsatsi di oketsegela kwa pele kwa bophirima. Ka paka ya metsi (selemo), noka ya Orange e nna morwalela o mosetlha. Motlhaba o montsi o o mo metsing o gomagometsa matshosetsi a lobaka lo loleele mo diporojekeng tse di mo nokeng e.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.orangesenqurak.org/river/subbasins/ephemeral+rivers.aspx?print=1 |title=The Northern Ephemeral Rivers of the Orange-Senqu River Basin^&#91;''p'' |access-date=2026-06-10 |archive-date=2022-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525164125/http://www.orangesenqurak.org/river/subbasins/ephemeral+rivers.aspx?print=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Lefelo le noka ya Orange e isang metsi kwa go lone (le akaretsa Vaal) le sephara sa dikhilomithara di le dikete di robabongwe, makgolo a supa le boraro, ka jalo le lekana le 77% wa lefatshe kwa [[Aforika Borwa]] (dikhilomithara di le sedikadike, dikete di le makgolo mabedi, masome a mabedi le bongwe). Le fa go ntse jalo, dikhilomithara di le dikete di le tharo, makgolo a marataro le borataro jwa mafelo ao a kwa ntle ga lefatshe kwa [[Lesotho]], [[Botswana]] le [[Namibia]].<ref>[https://sahistory.org.za/place/orange-river "Orange River | South African History Online".] ''sahistory.org.za''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> === Dinoka tse di tshelang mo Orange === * [[Noka ya Vaal]] - dikhilomithara di le sekete, makgolo a mane, masome a matlhano le borobabobedi * [[Noka ya Caledon]] - dikhilomithara di le makgolo a marataro, masome a mane le bobedi * [[Noka ya Khubelo]] - dikhilomithara di le lekgolo, masome a mane le bone === Matamo === * [[Letamo la Armenia]] * [[Letamo la Egmont]] * [[Letamo la Gariep]] * [[Letamo la Newberry]] * [[Letamo la Vanderkloof]] * [[Letamo la Welberdacht]] == Ditso == === Leina === Bangwe ba banni ba ntlha koo pele ga bokolone ba ne ba bitsa noka e Nū!arib, ba raya bontsho jwa yone, kgotsa dinako tse dingwe bare ke Kai !Arib ("Noka e kgolo"), lefoko le le tswang mo temeng ya Afrikaans ya Gariep,<ref>the surrounding area was once known as "Transgariep" ("the land across the Gariep") but the name has long been obsolete. See Karel Schoeman, ''Early White Travellers in the Transgariep, 1819-1840'', Protea Boekhuis, 2012 (ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9781869190163|<bdi>9781869190163</bdi>)]]</ref> e ranolwa gotwe "Groote Rivier".<ref name=":1" /> Leina la teme ya Dutch la noka e la pele e ne e le thanolo eo fela, Groote Rivier, go yara noka e kgolo. Noka e biditswe Noka ya Orange ke Colonel Robert Gordon, mookamedi wa sesole wa kompone ya United East India kwa Cape Town, mo loetong lwa go ya kwa teng ga Cape Town ka 1779.<ref name=":1" /> Gordon o reeletse noka e ka William V wa Orange. Tumelo e e seng boammaruri mme e tlwaelesegile ke ya gore noka e,e reilwe leina ka ntlha ya mmala o o borokwa wa yone, o o sa tshwaneng le wa e e tshelang mo go yone ya Vaal, e e tsayang leina la yone mo go Hai!arib "noka e e phatsimang". Fa e sale ka phelelo ya puso ya tlhaolele, leina Gariep le dirisitswe thata mo dipuisanong kwa Aforika Borwa, le ntswa leina Orange le itsege thata mo mafatsheng a mangwe.<ref name=":1" /> Kwa Lesotho kwa noka e yang kwa godimo teng, e itsege ka leina la noka ya Senqu, le tswa mo leineng la pele la Khoemana. [[Setshwantsho:Orange River Panorama.jpg|thumb|Tshupo e e tserweng kwa noka e obegang teng ka godimo ga thaba, ka nako ya morwalela ka ntlha ya dipula tse di namagadi]] Komiti ya maina a tsa tikolo ya kwa [[Eastern Cape|Kapa Botlhaba]] e supile kgatlhego mo maikelelong a go fetola leina go tswa mo go la bokolone, mo bontlheng joo jwa noka jo bo dirang molelwane garenng ga kgaolo ya [[Kapa Botlhaba]] le [[Foreistata|Free State]], dikakanyetso e nnile IGqili kgotsa Senqu.<ref>"New name looms for NC River". ''Diamond Fields Advertiser''. 13 June 2013. p. 11.</ref><ref name=":2">[https://www.polity.org.za/print-version/sa-statement-by-afriforum-civil-rights-organisation-objects-to-proposed-name-change-of-orange-river-06062013-2013-06-06 "Statement by Afriforum on proposed name change of Orange River"]. ''Polity''. 6 June 2013.</ref> Kgatlhego e e tsentswe mo pampiring ya dikgang ya Aliwal Weekblad e supa fa leina la gompieno le amana thata le ditso tsa go gatelelwa mo bokoloneng ka jalo ga le a tshwanela go ka bo le ntse le dirisiwa gompieno.<ref name=":2" /> === Grootslang === Mo mainaneng a Aforika Borwa, Noka ya Orange e amanngwa le Grootslang, selo se se tshwanang le noga e tona, e gantsi e amangwang le diteemane tsa noka eo. Go tlhalosiwa fa Grootslang e tshelela mo logageng lo lo tletseng ditswammung lo lo kopaneng le noka ya Orange ka phaepe e diteemane di tsenang mo nokeng ka yone ka bonya ka bonya.<ref name=":3">Green, Lawrence G. (1948). ''[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.54893|Where Men Still Dream]]''. Standard Press Ltd., Cape Town. pp. 125–126.</ref> Mafelo a mangwe a go bolelwang e le a go nnang setshedi se teng a akaretsa letangwana le le kwa tlase ga King George kwa diphororong tsa Aughrabies, kwa le gone go bolelwang e le motswedi wa diteemane,<ref name=":3" /> le lejwe le letona mo gare ga noka. Mo polelong e, go bolelwa fa Grootslang e e ja dikgomo mo lotshitshing lwa noka.<ref>Cornell, F. C. (1920). ''[[iarchive:glamourprospect00corngoog|The Glamour of Prospecting]]''. T. Fisher Unwin Ltd., London. p. 142.</ref> == Itsholelo == [[Setshwantsho:Orange River at Aliwal North.jpg|thumb|Borogo jwa Hertzof kwa godimo ga noka ya Orange kwa molelwaneng o o kwa borwa bophirima jwa Free State: ela tlhoko masalela a borogo jwa Frere mo molemeng]] Ka e le kwa bontsi jwa metsi a Aforika Borwa a yang teng, noka ya Orange e na le seabe se setona mo go tsa temothuo, madirelo le meepo. Go thusa ka se, go dirilwe diporojeke tse pedi tse ditona, porojeke ya Noka ya Orange le porojeke ya metsi ya Lesotho. Mo ditsong, noka e ne e na le seabe se setona mo diteemaneng tsa Aforika Borwa, diteemane tsa ntlha tsa lefatshe di bonwe mo motlhabeng wa Noka ya Orange. gompieno, meepo e e rekisang diteemane e direla mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Orange le gaufi le molomo wa yone, fa ditetla tsa lookwane le gase di neetswe dikompone di le dintsi.<ref>Sowman, Merle; Sunde, Jackie; Lambrecht, Michael (2023). [https://oneoceanhub.org/mapping-for-justice-towards-an-accessible-transparent-database-of-mining-along-the-west-coast-of-south-africa/ "Mapping for justice: towards an accessible, transparent database of mining along the West Coast of South Africa".] ''One Ocean Hub''. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> Ka ntlha ya go tlhoka go nna teng ga diphologolo tse di borai le metsi a a kwa godimo ka selemo, noka e dirisiwa go itlosa bodutu ga go kgweetsa mekoro. Go kgweetsa mekoro kwa nokeng ya Orange go tumile thata mo dikompone dingwe di dirisang dikampa tsa tsone mo lotshitshing lwa noka go berekela teng. Maeto a a tumileng thata ke lwa malatsi a mane le lwa malatsi a marataro mo nokeng go bapa le mogogoro kgotsa kwa tlase ga diphororo tsa Augrabies kgotsa go bapisa lefelo la Richtersveld.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260118105251/https://orangeriverrafting.com/adventures/4-day-orange-river-adventure/ "4-Day Orange River Adventure".] ''Orange River Rafting''. Retrieved 10 June 2026</ref> === Porojeke ya Noka ya Orange === Porojeke ya Noka ya Orange ke nngwe ya diporojeke tse ditona tsa mofuta oo kwa Aforika Borwa. E simolotswe ke puso ya ga Hendrik Verwoerd ka nako ya puso ya tlhaolele. Porojeke e e diretswe go dirisa metsi a noka ya Orange gotswela batho mosola - mo kwa ntle ga noka ya Vaal, e leng 14.1% fela ya metsi a Aforika borwa - mo go ne go dira gore go kgone go fitlhelelwa seelo sa letlhoko la metsi kwa Aforika Borwa. Maikaelelo magolo a porojeke e ne e le go:<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Orange-River/People-and-economy#ref418184 "Orange River - People, Economy, Borders | Britannica".] ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref><ref>[https://ujcontent.uj.ac.za/esploro/outputs/doctoral/To-provide-for-the-supply-and/9942601307691 "Research Portal".] ''ujcontent.uj.ac.za''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> * go ritibatsa go ela ga noka * go fetlha motlakase wa metsi * go nna le motswedi wa metsi mo badirising ba kwa kgampung ya noka ya Orange, le * go dira gore go nne le metsi kwa mafelong a a tlhaelelwang ke metsi kwa [[Kapa Botlhaba]], jaaka mekgatsha ya Great Fish le Sundays. Letamo la Gariep gaufi le Colesberg ke kago ya boremelelo e e bayang metsi kwa nokeng ya Orange. Go tswa fa, metsi a isiwa kwa mafelong a mabedi, kwa bophirima mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Orange go ya kwa letamong la Vanderkloof le kwa borwa go kgabaganya mosele wa Orange-Fish kwa Kapa botlhaba.<ref>[https://www.places.co.za/info/tourist-attraction/orange-river-information.html "Orange River - Tourist Information".] ''SA Places''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> ==== Motlakase wa metsi ==== [[Setshwantsho:GariepDam.jpg|left|thumb|[[Letamo la Gariep]] ke lone le letona thata mo nokeng ya Orange kwa [[Aforika Borwa]], ke bontlha jo bo botlhokwa jwa porojeke ya Orange.]] [[Eskom]] e na le metshine e e fetlhang motlakase kwa letamong la Gariep le la Vanderkloof. Motshine o o kwa letamong la Vanderkloof ke one wa ntlha kwa Aforika Borwa go diriwa kwa tlase ga lefatshe. Ditoropo tsa Oviston le Oranjekrag di tlhametswe go dira gore nne le kago le tiriso ya dikago tse disha.<ref>[https://www.eskom.co.za/heritage/vanderkloof-power-station/ "Vanderkloof Power Station - Heritage".] ''www.eskom.co.za''. 6 November 2023. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Scenery photo by Siloam Village Gariep.JPG|thumb|Botlhaba jwa letamo kwa Oviston]] === Go nosetsa === [[Setshwantsho:Irrigation Project along the Orange River.jpg|left|thumb|Diporojeke di le mmalwa mo lotshitshing lwa noka]] [[Setshwantsho:Orange River Wine Farm.jpg|thumb|masimo a moretlwa kwa nokeng ya Orange]] Go agiwa ga matamo a Gariep le Vanderkloof go dirile gore go kgone go nosediwa ga lefatshe la diheketara di le dikete tsa temothuo lwa letamong la Vandekloof. Diporojeke tse dikgologolo tsa go nosetsa jaaka tsa Buchuberg, Upington, [[Kakamas]] le [[Vioolsdrift]] le tsone di anywile sengwe ka ntlha ya gore go laola tsamaiso ya metsi jaanong go a kgonega. Mo letlhakoreng la Namibia la noka, masimo a Aussenkehr a ntsha meretlwa ka thuso ya metsi a a tswang mo nokeng ya Orange.<ref>[https://science.nasa.gov/earth/earth-observatory/irrigation-project-along-the-orange-river-43035/ "Irrigation Project along the Orange River - NASA Science"]. 7 March 2010. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> Mo dingwageng tse di sa tswang go feta, mafelo a a dirang mofine mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Orange a botlhokw thata. Go nosetsa kwa Kapa Botlhaba le gone go ile magoletsa, eseng ka gore metsi a oketsegile fela, mme gape e le ka gore a oketsegile boleng. Kwa ntle ga tokafalo e, balemi ba dinamune le losika lwa yone mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Sundays ba ka bo ba tsweletse ka go latlhegelwa.<ref>[https://news.wine.co.za/news.aspx?NEWSID=44771 "Wine in the desert"]. ''wine.co.za''. 30 January 2025. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.gfrwua.com/scheme "The Scheme"]. ''GFRWUA''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> === Porojeke ya metsi ya Lesotho === Porojeke ya metsi ya Lesotho e ne e tlhamelwa go tlatsa metsi a noka ya Vaal. Metsi a a isiwa kwa Aforika Borwa ka mosele o o fetang kwa tlase ga molelwane wa Lesotho le Aforika Borwa kwa nokeng ya Caledon le kwa tlase ga noka ya Little Caledon kwa borwa jwa Clarens kwa Free State, e tshela metsi kwa nokeng ya Ash dikhilomithara di le masome mararo kwa bokone. Porojeke e ne ya kgonagala fa letlhoko la metsi kwa Guateng le ya kwa seelong se se neng se sa kgone go fitlhelelwa ke diporojeke tse dingwe jaaka ya Tugela le Vaal, e e neng e dirisa letamo la Sterkfonteingaufi le Harrismith kwa Free State.<ref>[https://www.internetgeography.net/geotopics/lesotho-large-scale-water-transfer-scheme-case-study/ "Lesotho Large-Scale Water Transfer Scheme Case Study".] ''Internet Geography''. Retrieved 10 June 2026.</ref> === Diteemane tse di kgwilweng ke metsi === Ka ngwaga wa 1867, teemane ya ntlha go bonwa kwa Aforika Borwa, [[teemane ya Eureka]],e bonwe gaufi le Hopetown mo nokeng ya Orange. Morago ga dingwaga tse pedi, teemane e kgolwane e e itsegeng e le [[naledi ya Aforika Borwa]] e ne ya bonwa mo lefelong leo, se se baka gore batho ba le bantsi ba tabogele koo. Se se ne sa ema ka ntlha ya go tabogela meepo ya diteemane kwa [[Kimberley|Kimberly]] ka 1871, le ntswa diteemane di ne di ntse di bonwa kwa nokeng ya Orange. Gompieno, meepo e e rekisang e le mmalwa e berekela kwa bofelelong jwa noka, le kwa lotshitshing lwa molomo wa yone. Meepo ya diteemane e bereka gape fa gare ga noka. === Go kgweetsa mekoro === [[Setshwantsho:OrangeRiverRafting.jpg|thumb|Go kgweetsa mekoro ko nokeng ya Orange go tlwaelesegile mo bajanaleng]] Ka nako ya dikgwedi tsa Mopitlo le Motsheganong, ka go a bo go le dipula tse di namagadi gape matamo a butswe, mokgweetsi wa mokoro o ka tsamaya sebakasa dikhilomithara di le masome mararo ka letsatsi. Boteng jwa noka bo tumile thatam ka gore go na le popego e ntle, Maeto a thekiso a teng, batho ba tswa kwa toropong ya molelwane wa Vioolsdrif. == Diphologolo tsa naga == [[Setshwantsho:Labeobarbus aeneus, Orange river, Richtersveld.jpg|thumb|Tlhapi ya smallmouth yellowfish ke tlhapi e e tlwaelesegileng thata e bonwa kwa nokeng ya Orange le Vaal fela.]] Noka ya Orange ga e na le diphologolo tse ditona. E kwa ntle ga lefelo le dikwena tsa Nile di nakwa go lone, le ntswa dikubu di kile tsa bo di le dintsi koo, di ne tsa tsomiwa go fitlhelela di fela ka lekgolo la dingwga di le lesome le borobabongwe.<ref>[[:en:Guy_C._Shortridge|Shortridge, Guy Chester]] (1934). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=aI6LyAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y The Mammals of South West Africa: A Biological Account of the Forms Occurring in that Region]''. W. Heinemann.</ref> Noka ya Orange ga e na ditshedi le dimela tse di kalo. Dipatlisiso go tswa ka 1995 go tsena 2001 kwa boteng jwa noka ya Orange di bone mefuta ya ditlhapi e le lesome le borobabongwe go tswa mo malwapeng a ditlhapi a le borobabobedi a a farologaneng. Mefuta e e seng ya lefelo leo e e gatisitsweng ke patlisiso e ke ya Cyprinus Carpio le Oreochromis mossambicus, tse tsa bofelo di oketsegile thata ka dingwaga tsa 1980<ref>Næsje, T. F.; Hay, C. J.; Nickanor, N.; Koekemoer, J.; Strand, R.; Thorstad, E. B. (2007). ''Fish populations, gill net catches and gill net selectivity in the Lower Orange River, Namibia, from 1995 to 2001''. Trondheim: NINR. pp. 5–6. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-82-426-1791-0|<bdi>978-82-426-1791-0</bdi>.]]</ref> di simologa. Mofuta o mongwe o o tswang kgakala ke wa trout, o bonwa kwa nokeng e e kwa Lesotho. [[Setshwantsho:Augrabies - Twin Falls - 001.jpg|thumb|Diphororo tsa Twin kwa Diphororong tsa Augrabies]] Mefuta e supa e bonwa fela mo mafaratlhatlheng a noka ya Vaal-Orange:<ref>Beekman, Hans E. (30 May 2006). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=MKWRJ7GOOM0C&pg=PA13&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Facing the Facts: Assessing the Vulnerability of Africa's Water Resources to Environmental Change''.] UNEP/Earthprint. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-92-807-2574-2|<bdi>978-92-807-2574-2</bdi>.]]</ref> * Rock-catfish * Maluti redfin * Namaquab barb * River Sardine * Smallmouth yellowfish * Largemouth yellowfish * Orange River mudfish == Metswedi == es29h1yusjurwdbfyah3aguxl5vc2op 0 13507 51485 50990 2026-06-25T04:52:39Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51485 wikitext text/x-wiki Maikarabelo a go tlamela ka metsi kwa Nigeria a abelanwa ke maphata a le mararo a puso  ⁇  ya bosetšhaba, ya porofense le ya selegae. Puso ya selegae e na le maikarabelo a go laola metswedi ya metsi; dipuso tsa diporofense di na le maikarabelo a magolo a go tlamela metse ka metsi; mme dipuso tsa selegae mmogo le baagi di na le maikarabelo a go tlamela metse ka metsi kwa magaeng. Boikarabelo jwa go phepafatsa ga bo tlhalosiwe sentle.<ref>[https://www.africaportal.org/documents/8111/Joe_Goldface_en.pdf Goldface–Irokalibe, Joe. Water Management In Federal And Federal –Type Countries: Nigerian Perspectives] (PDF) (Report). pp. 14–15. Retrieved 28 May 2021.</ref> Boleng jwa tirelo ya metsi le go busediwa ga ditshenyegelo tsa one go kwa tlase. Ditheko tsa metsi di kwa tlase mme batho ba le bantsi ba ba dirisang metsi ga ba duele dikoloto tsa bone. Ka jalo batlamedi ba ditirelo ba ikaega thata ka dithuso tsa nakwana go duelela ditshenyegelo tsa bona tsa tiragatso. <ref>[http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=ENV/WKP(2020)13&docLanguage=En "Addressing the social consequences of tariffs for water supply"]</ref> Dipholisi tsa Bosetšhaba le Maitlhomo di rotloetsa go nna le seabe ga lephata la poraefete le go fetola pholisi kwa maemong a Puso.<ref name=":0">USAID: [https://web.archive.org/web/20090730015346/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADO937.pdf Nigeria Water and Sanitation Profile, ca]. 2007</ref>Tlamelo ya metsi le kgeleloleswe ya bosetšhaba e lemoga botlhokwa jwa tlamelo ya metsi le kgeleloleswe jaaka e le botlhokwa mo setšhabeng se se itekanetseng le tlhabololo ya bosetšhaba.<ref>Adeoti, O. (2007-02-01). "Challenges to managing water resources along the hydrological boundaries in Nigeria". ''Water Policy''. '''9''' (1): 105–118. Bibcode:[[doi:10.2166/wp.2006.002|2007WaPol...9..105A]]. doi:10.2166/wp.2006.002. ISSN 1366-7017.</ref> Mo dipotsolotsong, Olukemi Badenoch, moeteledipele wa Conservative Party, o ne a bolela gore fa a ne a sa le ngwana kwa Nigeria, ba lelapa la gaabo ba ne ba na le mathata a go se nne le metsi le motlakase, mme seo se ne sa ama tsela e a lebang dipolotiki ka yone. O ne a tsopola maitemogelo a gagwe jaaka karolo ya lebaka la go bo a tsaya botsitso jwa mafaratlhatlha le mebaraka e e gololesegileng e le botlhokwa, ka a bone ka matlho dikgwetlho tsa go tshela ntle le go fitlhelela ditirelo tsa motheo. == Go tsena == Baithaopi ba phepafatsa mesele ya metsi kwa Ilorin, Nigeria ka letsatsi la boithatelo. Tota le fa go na le mafaratlhatlha a a lekaneng a go boloka le go dira gore go nne le thulaganyo ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse, go ka nna ga se ka ga nna jalo kwa [[Nigeria]]. Go kgotlelwa ga polasetiki go kgoreletsa go dirisiwa ga metsi a a leswe mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2015, 67% ya baagi ba Nigeria ba ne ba kgona go bona metsi a motheo.<ref>[https://www.waterwide.org/water-nigerians-deserves/ "Water Nigerians Deserves".] Retrieved 2023-03-20</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.washwatch.org/en/countries/nigeria/summary/statistics/ "Nigeria"]. ''WASHWatch''. Retrieved 21 March 2017</ref>Palo eno e ne e le 82% ya batho ba ba nnang mo ditoropong le 54% ya batho ba ba nnang kwa magaeng. Bontsi jwa batho kwa Nigeria ga ba na metsi a a phepa, segolo thata kwa mafelong a magae.<ref>[https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/262663-69-million-nigerians-lack-access-to-safe-water-unicef.html "69 million Nigerians lack access to safe water- UNICEF | Premium Times Nigeria".] 2018-03-22. Retrieved 2022-03-01</ref> Dipalopalo tsa lefatshe ka bophara tsa metsi le boitekanelo di supa gore 79% ya batho ba Nigeria ba na le mathata a tlhaelo ya metsi. <ref>[https://tribuneonlineng.com/hazards-of-contaminated-water/ "Hazard of contaminated water".] ''Nigerian Tribune''. 27 January 2022.</ref>Ka ngwaga wa 2015, batho ba ka nna dimilione di le 60 ba ne ba sa kgone go bona metsi a "bonnye". Malebana le go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse, ke 33% fela ya baagi ba ba neng ba kgona go fitlhelela "bonnye" jwa go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse. Palo eno e ne e le 39% ya batho ba ba nnang mo ditoropong le 27% ya batho ba ba nnang kwa magaeng. Batho ba ba ka nnang dimilione di le lekgolo le masome a mabedi le bobedi (122) ba ne ba sa ntse ba sa kgone go fitlhelela "bonnye jwa motheo" jwa go nna phepa.<ref>[https://www.washwatch.org/en/countries/nigeria/summary/statistics/ "Nigeria"]. ''WASHWatch''. Retrieved 21 March 2017.</ref><ref>[[:en:Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Nigeria#cite_note-12|WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation.]]</ref> Mo mafelong a ditoropo, go fitlhelela diphaepe tsa metsi go ne ga emisetsa go fitlhelela metsi ka diphaepe.<ref>"UNU World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU/Wider)". ''Poverty and Undernutrition'': ii. 2000-10-05. doi:[[doi:10.1093/0198292686.001.0001.002.002|10.1093/0198292686.001.0001.002.002.]] ISBN <bdi>0-19-829268-6</bdi>.</ref> Go nna le thulaganyo e e lekaneng ya go tlosa leswe gantsi go dirwa ka ditanka tsa septic, ka gonne ga go na thulaganyo ya go tsamaisa leswe. Dipalopalo tse di malebana le go fitlhelela metsi le kgeleloleswe di a ganetsana ka ntlha ya ditlhaloso tse di sa tshwaneng, ditshupo le mekgwa e e farologaneng e e dirisiwang ke ditheo tse di farologaneng. Ga go na le fa e le go lekola lephata lepe fela. <ref>[[:en:Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Nigeria#cite_note-14|John Gambo Laah, Ph.D., Water and Sanitation Monitoring Platform (WSMP),]] Nigeria: Nigeria Water and Sanitation Summary Sheet, no date</ref> Go ya ka Guardian News: "Mookamedi wa Advocacy, Policy and Communication, Water Aid Nigeria, Kolawole Banwo, o rile mo dikgaolong tsa puso ya selegae di le makgolo a supa le masome a supa le bone (774) mo Nigeria, ke di le masome a supa le borataro (76) fela tse di senang maemo a go ntsha mantle mo nageng, bothata jono jwa boitekanelo e sa ntse e le bothata jo bo masisi jo bo tlhokang kgato e e potlakileng".<ref name=":2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220301105621/https://editor.guardian.ng/news/40-of-fct-residents-into-open-defecation/ "40% of FCT residents into open defecation".] ''The Guardian''. Lagos, Nigeria. 2022-02-06. Archived from the original on 2022-03-01. Retrieved 2022-03-01</ref> Go ya ka pego e e gatisitsweng ke Amnesty International ka kgwedi ya Lwetse , khampani ya oli ya Shell le puso ya Rivers State, kwa borwa jwa Nigeria ga di dire go le gontsi go tlamela metsi a a phepa kwa Ogale, lefelo le le kwa ntle ga motsemoshate. Banni ba patelesega go reka metsi ka ditlhwatlhwa tse di sa kgonegeng kgotsa go nwa metsi a a tswang mo didibeng tse di kgotletsweng ka benzene.<ref name=":3">[https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/AFR4491722018ENGLISH.pdf "COMMUNITY IN NIGERIA DRINKING POLLUTED WATER"] (PDF). Amnesty International. Retrieved 27 September 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.usgs.gov/mission-areas/water-resources/science/common-water-issues "Common Water Issues | U.S. Geological Survey"]. ''www.usgs.gov''. Retrieved 2022-02-27</ref> == Boleng jwa tirelo tsa metsi == Go ya ka World Bank, ka ngwaga wa 2010, "ditirelo tsa ntshokuno ya metsi kwa Nigeria di ne di sa dire ka bokgoni jo bo siameng ka ntlha ya didiriso tse di senyegileng, kgotsa go tlhoka motlakase kgotsa mafura a go pompa".<ref>[https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2010/04/22/new-project-to-bring-clean-water-to-50000-households "New Project to Bring Clean Water to 50,000 Households".] ''World Bank''. Retrieved 2020-05-29.</ref> Ditshenyegelo tsa go dira tsa ditheo tsa metsi di okediwa ke tlhokego ya go ikaega ka dijenereitara tsa disele kgotsa le e leng go ikagela dimela tsa tsone tsa motlakase, ka gore motlakase ga o tle ka metlha. Didiriswa le diphaepe di tlhokomelwa sentle, go isa kwa go tlamelweng ga metsi ka dinako tse di rileng le kwa maemong a a kwa godimo a metsi a a senang lotseno.<ref>World Bank:[http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/AFRICAEXT/NIGERIAEXTN/0,,contentMDK:22553025~pagePK:141137~piPK:141127~theSitePK:368896,00.html New Project to Bring Clean Water to 50,000 Households], 22 April 2010</ref> Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2000, mo e ka nnang selekanyo sa masome a ferangbobedi (80% )ya ditsamaiso tsa metsi tse di neng di le mo mmusong (tse di neng di tsamaisiwa ke setšhaba) mo ditoropong tse dinnye di ne di sa dire.<ref name=":4">World Bank/Federal Republic of Nigeria:[http://siteresources.worldbank.org/NIGERIAEXTN/Resources/wss_1100.pdf Water Supply & Sanitation Interim Strategy Note,] November 2000, retrieved on April 11, 201</ref> Ka go dira dipeeletso le go aga bokgoni jwa baagi, tiriso ya mafelo a metsi e ka okediwa mo nakong e khutshwane. Ka sekai, mo metseng e e neng e tshegediwa ke UNICEF kwa Kwara State, tiro e ne ya tokafala go tswa go masome ma matlhano le boraro (53%) go ya go 98%, mme kwa Kebbi state, tiro ya go epa e ne ya tokafala go tswa go 12% go ya go 88%. Le fa go ntse jalo, ga go itsege sentle gore didirisiwa tseno di tla tswelela go dira sentle jang mo nakong e telele, morago ga gore ditsereganyo tsa boditšhabatšhaba di fele. Mo ngwagasomeng wa bobedi wa dingwaga tsa bo-2000, e ne ya lekanngwa ka go nna teng ga di-metalloid mo go tlameleng metsi a a dirisediwang batho le temothuo, mo mabakeng a mangwe ka boleng jo bo fetang melelwane ya boditšhabatšhaba ya WHO (sekao, mo mafelong a a dikologileng Zaria, <ref name=":5">Philip Njoku Obasi; Bennard Benedict Akudinobi (2020). [[doi:10.1007/s13201-020-01233-z|"Potential health risk and levels of heavy metals in water resources of lead–zinc mining communities of Abakaliki, southeast Nigeria".]] ''Applied Water Science''. '''10''' (article number 184): 184. Bibcode:2020ApWS...10..184O. doi:10.1007/s13201-020-01233-z. S2CID 220375764.</ref>Abakaliki, <ref name=":5" />Ibadan <ref>Effiong Ukorebi Etim (March 1, 2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6236527 "Occurrence and Distribution of Arsenic, Antimony and Selenium in Shallow Groundwater Systems of Ibadan Metropolis, Southwestern Nigerian".] ''Journal of Health and Pollution''. '''7''' (13): 32–41. doi:10.5696/2156-9614-7-13.32. ISSN 2156-9614. PMC 6236527. <nowiki>PMID 30524812</nowiki>. S2CID 54448087.</ref> <ref>Christiana Ndidi Egbinolacorresponding; Amobichukwu Chukwudi Amanambu (2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447718 "Groundwater contamination in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria"]. ''SpringerPlus''. '''3''' 448. doi:10.1186/2193-1801-3-448. PMC 4447718. <nowiki>PMID 26034666</nowiki></ref>le Onitsha). Kgotlelo ya dimetaloid le segolo thata ya arsenic- e farologana ka selekanyo se se maleba mo setlheng sa komelelo le sa pula, ka ntlha ya go ntshiwa ga diminerale mo metsing a sediba le a diforo le ka bontlhabongwe mo ditirong tsa madirelo a meepo.<ref>. Citation: [https://web.archive.org/web/20200712184702/http://jett.dormaj.com/docs/Volume3/Issue%201/html/Level%20of%20arsenic%20in%20potable%20water%20sources%20in%20Nigeria%20and%20their%20potential%20health%20impacts%20A%20review.htm ''High arsenic concentrations can occur locally in surface waters (as well as ground waters) in areas of bedrock sulphide mineralization or mining activity, industrial contaminations, or areas affected by geothermal activity and in surface waters that are fed by high-arsenic groundwater''.]</ref><ref name=":5" />Boemo jo bo tshwanang jwa setlha sa arsenic bo lemogilwe mo dithishung tsa mesifa ya mefuta ya ditlhapi tsa kwa tlase ga lewatle.<ref>Citation: ''[https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201700277593 This calls for continuous monitoring and enforcement of regulations to ensure safety of fishery resources from Lagos Lagoon.]''</ref>Ka jalo, bothata jwa kgotlelo ga bo a rarabololwa ka botlalo le fa e le mo indasetering ya ditlhapi ya Nigeria mme go tlhokega dipatlisiso tse dingwe (kgotsa melawana). == Bokgoni == Metsi le kgelelo-leswe ga di a tlamelwa sentle mo Nigeria. <ref>Obeta, Michael Chukwuma; Nwankwo, Cletus Famous (2015). [https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/jengeo.2015.8.issue-3-4/jengeo-2015-0009/jengeo-2015-0009.xml "Factors Responsible For Rural Residential Water Supply Shortage In Southeastern Nigeria"]. ''Journal of Environmental Geography''. '''8''' (3–4): 21–32. doi:10.1515/jengeo-2015-0009 – via De Gruyter.</ref>Ka sekai, ditheo tsa metsi tsa puso di na le badiri ba bantsi thata. Ka ngwaga wa 2000, go ne go na le badiri ba ka nna masome a supa (70) mo badirising ba le sekete (1 000) mo ditheong tsa metsi tsa puso, fa go bapisiwa le kelo ya tiragatso e e gaisang ya 3.5.<ref name=":4" />Metsi a e seng a lotseno gantsi a feta 50%.<ref name=":0" /> === Abuja === Millennium Park e e kwa Abuja, e metsi a yone a tlamelwang ka metsi a ntseng a okediwa Motsemogolo wa Nigeria, Abuja, o bona karolo ya metsi a one a a nowang mo letamong la Lower Usuma Dam. Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa 2013, Federal Capital Territory Water Board (FCTWB) e leng setheo se se rweleng maikarabelo a go tlamela metsi a a nowang mo Federal Capital Territory se ne sa simolola go dira karolo ya boraro le ya bone ya porojeke ya Lower Usman Dam Treatment Plant (LUDWTP) e e simolotseng ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa 2011. Dikarolo tsotlhe tsa porojeke (karolo 1, 2, 3, le 4) le letamo la letamo la Gurara ke motswedi wa metsi a a sa tlhotlhiwang go tswa mo letamong la letamo la Lower Usuma le fa le kopantswe, le na le bokgoni jwa go dira dilitara di le dimilione di le makgolo a supa le masome a mabedi (720) tsa metsi a a phepa ka letsatsi go ya kwa Abuja le baagisani ba gagwe.<ref>[https://dailytrust.com/ "Dailytrust News, Sports and Business, Politics | Dailytrust".] ''Daily Trust''. Retrieved 2022-02-16.</ref><ref>[https://www.water-technology.net/projects/lower-usuma-dam-water-treatment-plant-expansion-abuja/ "Lower Usuma Dam Water Treatment Plant Expansion, Abuja - Water Technology".] ''www.water-technology.net''. Retrieved 2022-03-13.</ref> Metsi a a leswe a phepafadiwa kwa Federal Capital Territory Sewage Treatment Plant e e leng kwa kgaolong ya Wupa kwa Abuja, e agilwe ke SCC Nigeria Limited mme e laetswe ke Moporesitente Olusegun Obasanjo.<ref>[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/01/abuja-sewage-treatment-plant-runs-on-generators-for-13-years/ "Abuja Sewage Treatment Plant runs on generators for 13 years".] ''Vanguard''. Lagos, Nigeria. 2021-01-23. Retrieved 2022-03-13</ref> === Enugu === Kakaretso ya toropo ya Enugu Enugu ke porofense e e kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Nigeria. Enugu State Water Corporation ke setheo se se rweleng maikarabelo a go tlamela ka metsi mo Enugu State, se eteletswe pele ke motsamaisi-mogolo. Go se nne teng ga metsi a a lekaneng e ntse e le nngwe ya dikgwetlho tse dikgolo tsa puso ya Enugu e e ka nnang ya bo e le ka ntlha ya go sa tsamaisiweng sentle ga mafaratlhatlha le kgogolego kwa Ajali Water Works e e tlamelang 77,000 m3 ya metsi letsatsi le letsatsi. <ref name=":6">[https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/11/03/changing-the-narrative-on-enugu-water-problem-from-the-root/ "Changing the Narrative on Enugu Water Problem from the Root"]. ''This Day''. 2021-11-03. Retrieved 2022-03-13.</ref>Ntlo ya Palamente ya Enugu State ka kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa 2021 e fetisitse molao o o tshwailweng ka "tshwanelo ya go fitlhelela metsi le ditirelo tsa boitekanelo". Molaotlhomo ono o ne wa tlisiwa ka maiteko a go tokafatsa tlamelo ya metsi le ditirelo tsa boitekanelo mo nageng. <ref>[https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/07/enugu-assembly-passes-bill-to-improve-water-supply-sanitation/ "Enugu Assembly passes bill to improve water supply, sanitation".] ''Vanguard''. Lagos, Nigeria. 2021-07-28. Retrieved 2022-02-17.</ref> Puso ya Enugu State e simolotse go tsosolosa 9th Mile Crash Programme ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa 2021 morago ga gore porojeke eno e emisiwe dingwaga tse di fetang masome a mararo (30). Porojeke eno e dirilwe ke FordMarx Nigeria Limited. <ref name=":6" /> === Lagos === Motse o mogolo go gaisa otlhe mo Nigeria ka palo ya baagi, Lagos o dikologilwe ke metsi a lewatle le lekadiba. Phesente e e fopholediwang ya metsi a a phepa mo toropong e ka nna 81.32%. <ref>Lagos Water Corporation. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120323021344/http://www.lagoswater.org/about_us.php "Organisation History"]. Retrieved 12 April 2012.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, e re ka metsi a a seng phepa a a mo letsheng a kgotletswe thata, motse o bona metsi a one go tswa mo dinokeng tsa Ogun le Owo. Lefelo la bogologolo la go phepafatsa metsi mo toropong eno, le le kwa Iju mo Nokeng ya Ogun, le ne la agiwa ka ngwaga wa 1910. E ne ya okediwa ka dikgato go nna digalase di le dimilione di le masome a mane le botlhano (45) ka letsatsi. Semela se sengwe se sennye se ne sa agiwa kwa Ishashi mo Nokeng ya Owo ka ngwaga tsa bo1970. Motšhine o mogolo go gaisa o o kileng wa agiwa o ne wa tsenngwa tirisong ka ngwaga wa1991 kwa Adiyan ka bokgoni jwa digalase di le dimilione di le masome a supa (70) ka letsatsi. Gape e tswa mo Nokeng ya Owo. Gape go na le di-mini-waterworks di le supa tse di tserweng go tswa mo metsweding ya selegae tse di nang le bokgoni jo bo kopaneng jwa lesome le boferabobedi (18m) gallons ka letsatsi. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20241104184550/http://watercorporation.lagosstate.gov.ng/ "Lagos State Water Corporation".] ''Lagos State Water Corporation''. Retrieved 2022-03-01.</ref>Lekgotla la Metsi la Lagos le bolela gore metsi a a tlhagisitsweng mo semeleng a fitlhelela maemo a a kwa godimo, le gore a tlamela "metsi a a bolokesegileng a go nwa ka selekanyo se se lekaneng le ka metlha go batho ba ba fetang dimilione di le 12,5 kwa Legos State". <ref>Lagos State Water Corporation. [http://www.lagoswater.org/index.php "Welcome to the Official Website of the LSWC".] Retrieved 12 April 2012.</ref> LASWARCO (Lagos Water Corporation) le yone e simolotse loeto lwa go ya go ithuta kwa Lekgotleng la Bosetšhaba la tlamelo ya metsi le kgeleloleswe mo Zambia gore go tle go rarabololwe mabaka a motheo a a bakang bothata jwa tlamelo ya metsi le kgeleloleswe le ditsela tse di tlhokegang tsa go rarabolola bothata jono.Le fa go ntse jalo, metsi a kgotlelwa gantsi mo kgwebong ya kabo mme batho ga ba tshepe boleng jwa metsi a pompo. Go kgaoga ga motlakase go kgoreletsa ditlamelo tsa go phepafatsa go dira go sa kgaotse. Le fa go ntse jalo, semela sa motlakase sa 12.15 MW se ne se ntse se agiwa ka ngwaga wa 2012 go tlamela ka motlakase kwa mafelong a go phepafatsa metsi a Adiyan, Iju le Akute. <ref name=":7">[http://www.vanguardngr.com/2012/04/lagos-water-everywhere-but-not-to-drink/ "Lagos: Water everywhere but none to drink".] ''Vanguard''. Lagos, Nigeria. 3 April 2012. Retrieved 12 April 2012.</ref> Malapa le one a bona metsi go tswa mo didibeng tse di seng boteng tsa poraefete. <ref name=":7" />Kgotsa malapa a ikaega ka barekisi ba mo mebileng, ba dira mmaraka o o atlegileng wa "metsi a kgetsana", metsi a a phepafaditsweng a a phuthetsweng mo dikgetsaneng tsa polyethylene.Barekisi ba metsi ba ba bidiwang Mairuwa ba rekisa metsi go tswa mo ditankeng le mo dirotong mo dikareng, tse ka dinako tse dingwe di rekisetswang barekisi ba bangwe ba ba rwalang metsi ka dikgamelo kgotsa ka dinkgwana. <ref name=":7" /> Go fitlhelela metsi a a tlamelwang ke State Water Corporation ke 'metropocentric' ke gore, go dikologilwe ke metropolis. Ka ntlha ya go se nne teng ga metsi a a lekaneng mo setšhabeng, batho ba ne ba gana go dirisa metsi go tswa mo motsweding mongwe le mongwe go a dirisa mo malapeng. 40% ya matlo a ikaegile ka sediba go a dirisa mo malapeng; 32% e ikaegile ka barekisi go bona metsi; 7% ya matlo a ikaegile ka megogoro ya setšhaba le 19% ka ditanka, dinoka le metsi a pula a a sa bonweng mo setlheng se se omeletseng. == Benue == Noka ya Benue (Makurdi) Kwa Makurdi, motsemoshate wa Benue State, ke fela 25-30% ya baagi ba ba direlwang mme baagi ba tsaya metsi a a sa tlhotlhiwang ka dikgamelo go tswa kwa nokeng e e kgotletsweng ya Benue. <ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326449662 "The contending issues with domestic water supply in makurdi"]</ref>Ka ngwaga wa 2008, go agiwa ga lefelo la go phepafatsa metsi go ne ga tlogelwa go ise go wediwe mme badiredi ba ne ba sa kgone go tlhalosa US$6 million. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2012, go ne go ntse go agiwa lefelo la go phepafatsa metsi jaaka karolo ya Greater Makurdi Waterworks Project. Go ya ka Nat Apir, mogakolodi wa metsi yo o ikemetseng, go tlhoka ga marangrang a a tsamaisang metsi a segompieno go tla dira gore diphaepe di phatloge mme bokgoni jwa semela bo mo kotsing ya go sa dirisiwe ka botlalo. <ref name=":8">PBS / Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting (15 March 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120316045356/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/globalhealth/jan-june12/westafrica_03-15.html "What's Causing Water Shortages in Ghana, Nigeria?".] ''PBS''. pp. Minutes 1–4 of the video. Archived from the original on March 16, 2012. Retrieved 1 August 2012</ref> Melatswana/dinoka di tsenya 27.89% mo setlheng se se omeletseng le 24.16% mo setlheng se se metsi, metsi a pula e le 0.00% mo setlheng se se omeletseng le 27.22% mo setlheng se se metsi. Kwa motseng wa Ugbokolo, tlhokego ya metsi e kwa godimo (155,788 lpd) go feta se se leng teng (113,249 lpd) go ralala motse.[ 43] === Imo === Morago ga dingwaga di le masome a mabedi le bone (24) tsa go dira ntle le metsi a a tsamaisiwang, ka ngwaga wa 2020, puso ya Imo ka fa tlase ga tsamaiso ya ga Senator Hope Uzodinma, Mmusi wa Imo, o ne a ntsha madi go tsosolosa lephata la metsi a a phepa mo metsesetoropong, mme seo sa dira gore baagi ba Imo ba kgone go bona metsi a a bolokesegileng, ditirelo tsa boitekanelo le tsa boitekanelo. Ka fa tlase ga Engr Emeka Celestine Ugoanyanwu, Imo State Water and Sewerage Corporation e ne ya dira diphetogo tse dikgolo tsa setheo, pholisi le taolo, tse di neng tsa isa kwa go tsosoloseng Otammiri Waterworks le dithulaganyo tse dingwe tsa metsi tse di neng di le ka fa tlase ga taolo ya Setlamo. <ref name=":9">[https://www.sunnewsonline.com/uzodimma-revives-adapalm-restores-public-water-supply-to-owerri/ "Uzodimma revives Adapalm, restores public water supply to Owerri"]. ''The Sun''. Lagos, Nigeria. 2020-04-22. Retrieved 2022-03-12.</ref>Ka jalo mmusi gape o ne a laela gore go dirwe tsosoloso e e akaretsang mo lephateng la WASH go tsamaelana le thekenoloji ya segompieno. Go ya ka USAID, Imo State Water and Sewerage Corporation (ISWSC) e tlamela ka metsi go batho ba le dimilione di le tharo ( 3) ba kwa Imo. <ref>Ngene, Ben U.; Nwafor, Christiana O.; Bamigboye, Gideon O.; Ogbiye, Adebanji S.; Ogundare, Jacob O.; Akpan, Victor E. (2021-01-01). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7820563 "Assessment of water resources development and exploitation in Nigeria: A review of integrated water resources management approach".] ''Heliyon''. '''7''' (1) e05955. Bibcode:2021Heliy...705955N. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05955. ISSN 2405-8440. PMC 7820563. <nowiki>PMID 33521352</nowiki>.</ref> === Oyo === Letamo la Asejire Letamo la Erelu le le neng la tsenngwa tirisong ka ngwaga wa 1963 ke motswedi o mogolo wa metsi go baagi ba Oyo le tikologo ya yona mme le na le bokgoni jwa go tlamela ka dilitara di le dimilione di le 7,5 tsa metsi ka letsatsi mme gape le na le bokgoni jwa bobolokelo jwa 10cm3.<ref>Ufoegbune, G. C; Oparinde, O. C; Eruola, A. O. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280082127 "Municipal water supply planning in Oyo metropolis, Oyo State, South Western Nigeria".] ''Journal of Geography and Regional Planning''. '''4''' (7): 9 – via ResearchGate.</ref>Le fa go ntse jalo, go na le diporojeke di le tharo tsa go tlamelwa ka metsi kwa Ibadan: Eleyele Water Works, Asejire Water Works le Osegere Water Works. Go tlhaela ga metsi, diphaepe tse di thubegileng ke dingwe tsa dikgwetlho tse banni ba kwa Oyo ba lebaneng le tsone malebana le metsi. Mafelo a ditoropo a Oyo a tlamelwa ka metsi ke Oyo State Water Corporation. === Edo === Motswedi o le mongwe fela wa metsi kwa motseng wa Itsukwi, kwa Edo Thulaganyo ya metsi kwa Benin City, e e ikaegileng ka Letamo la Noka ya Ikpoba, e tlamela fela mo e ka nnang 30% ya baagi. Bo Tautona ba bangwe ba le masome a supa (70) ba di bona metsi a tsone go tswa mo didibeng tse dintsi tse di epetsweng gore di dirisediwe merero ya motho ka namana, ya temothuo le ya madirelo. === Borno === Kwa Borno State, go thata go bona metsi a a phepa le go nna le thulaganyo e e siameng ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse ka ntlha ya dikgotlhang tse di ntseng di tsweletse ka dingwaga di le dintsi tse di sentseng diphaepe tsa metsi, dikhuti le matlwana a boithomelo. Batho ba le bantsi mo metseng le mo dikampeng tsa batshabi ba ga metsi ba a gelela mo dinokeng, mo matamong kgotsa mo didibeng tse di bulegileng, tse gantsi di leswe e bile go se motlhofo go di nwa. Go ya ka pego ya ngwaga wa 2021 ya UNICEF, ke mo e ka nnang nngwetharong fela ya batho ba kwa Borno ba ba nang le metsi a a phepa, mme bontsi jwa bone ba sa ntse ba dirisa metsi a a nang le megare. Matlo a le mantsi ga a na matlwana a boithomelo, ka jalo go ntshetsa mantle kwa ntle go sa ntse go tlwaelegile mo mafelong mangwe. Go thusa go tokafatsa seemo, puso ya porofense ya Borno le mekgatlho e e jaaka UNICEF, WaterAid,<ref>[https://www.wateraid.org/ng/media/the-coca-cola-foundation-and-wateraid-bring-life-transforming-water-and-hygiene-to-four "The Coca-Cola Foundation and WaterAid bring life-transforming water and hygiene to four communities in Borno State | WaterAid Nigeria"]. ''www.wateraid.org''. Retrieved 2025-11-10</ref>le Red Cross (ICRC) ba ntse ba baakanya dikhuti, ba aga matlwana a boithomelo, le go tlamela ka metsi a a phepa, segolo thata kwa Maiduguri le metse e e gaufi.Le fa go na le maiteko ano otlhe, go tlhoka tshireletsego, tlhokomelo e e bokoa, le go tlhoka madi a a lekaneng go dira gore go nne thata gore malapa a le mantsi kwa Borno a nne le metsi a a phepa le thulaganyo e e siameng ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse. == Kaduna == Kwa Kaduna State, batho ba le bantsi ba sa ntse ba kgaratlhela go bona metsi a a phepa le a a phepa. Pego ya puso ya ngwaga wa 2021 e bontshitse gore batho ba ba kwa tlase ga halofo ya batho mo nageng eno ba na le metsi a a nowang ka metlha, mme ke ba le mmalwa fela ba ba nang le metsi a a phepafaditsweng sentle le a a bolokesegileng. Mo mafelong a mantsi a kwa magaeng, batho ba ga metsi go tswa mo didibeng kgotsa mo didibeng, mme dingwe tsa tsone di a omelela ka paka ya komelelo kgotsa di emisa go bereka. Gape dipatlisiso di fitlhetse gore bontsi jwa metsi a a dirisiwang mo malapeng ga a babalesega, ka gonne a na le megare e e ka bakang malwetse. Go rarabolola bothata jono Kano e tlamelwa ka metsi a a tswang mo dinokeng tsa lefelo leo le a a tswang mo metsing a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe a a dirisitsweng thata. Tlamelo ya metsi ya setšhaba e tlhaela, ka jalo mafelo a poraefete a go rekisa metsi a ntse a ntsifala le go dira dipoelo tsa bathapi ba poraefete. <ref name=":7" />Letamo la Asa le dira jaaka motswedi o mogolo wa metsi wa toropo ya Ilorin. === Noka ya Kaduna === Dipolotiki le maiteko Pholisi ya Bosetšhaba ya Tlamelo ya Metsi le Kgeleloleswe ya Nigeria, e e amogetsweng ka ngwaga wa 2000, e rotloetsa go nna le seabe ga lekala la poraefete mme e lebeletse gore go dirwe diphetogo mo ditheong le mo melaong ya puso. Le fa go ntse jalo, ga go ise go direge sepe se se kalo mo dintlheng tseno ka bobedi. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2007, ke di state di le nne fela mo go tse masome a mararo le bosupa (37) - Lagos, Cross River, Kaduna le Ogun states[39] tse di simolotseng go tsenya tirisanommogo ya setšhaba le poraefete (PPP) ka mokgwa wa dikonteraka tsa ditirelo,[6] mofuta wa PPP o mo go ona maikarabelo a lephata la poraefete a lekanyeditsweng mo go tsamaiseng mafaratlhatlha ntle le go rotloetsa tiragatso. Le fa gone puso e na le pholisi ya go dira gore dilo di nne ka tsela e di leng ka yone, go dira gore dilo di nne ka tsela e di leng ka yone ga go ise go direge. Bokgoni jwa dipuso tsa selegae jwa go rulaganya le go diragatsa dipeeletso, kgotsa go tsamaisa le go tlhokomela ditsamaiso, bo santse bo le kwa tlase le fa go na le maiteko a go tlhabolola bokgoni. Mo godimo ga moo, pholisi ya bosetšhaba e tsepamisitse maikutlo mo go tlameleng ka metsi mme e itlhokomolosa bophepa. <ref name=":1" /> Ka ngwaga wa 2003, "Presidential Water Initiative (PWI): Metsi a Batho, Metsi a Botshelo" e ne ya simololwa ke Moporesidente wa nako eo Olusegun Obasanjo. Thulaganyo eno e ne e na le mekgele e megolo ya go oketsa go nna le metsi, go akaretsa go fitlhelela selekanyo sa lekgolo(100) lekgolong sa go nna le metsi mo metsemegolong ya diporofense, 75 lekgolong ya go nna le metsi mo mafelong a mangwe a ditoropo le 66 lekgolong ya go nna le metsi mo mafelong a magae. Go dirilwe go le gonnye fela go tsenya letsogo mo maitlhomong a mme ga go ise go fitlhelelwe dilo tse di ikaeletsweng go dirwa.<ref name=":1" /> Ka ngwaga wa 2011, puso e ne ya bouta kwa lekgotleng la Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng e buelela maitlamo a go dira gore metsi le bophepa e nne ditshwanelo tsa batho. Le fa go ntse jalo, ga e ise e tlhome molao o o tlhalosang gore batho ba na le tshwanelo ya go nna le metsi le go nna le thulaganyo ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse. Naga ga e mo tseleng ya go fitlhelela Maitlhomo a Tlhabololo a Mileniamo a metsi le kgeleloleswe. <ref name=":9" /> Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2008, go ile ga tsenngwa thulaganyo ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse mo dinageng di le thataro ka thuso ya UNICEF le EU. Le fa gone e se molao wa setšhaba, go bonala fa maiteko ano a a dirwang ke batho ba maemo a a kwa tlase a ile a atlega ka tsela nngwe. Go agilwe matlwana a boithomelo a feta 17 000 mo metseng e le makgolo a ferangbobedi le masome a mararo le borataro (836), mme metse e e fetang lekgolo (100) mo go yone e fitlheletse mokgele wa go bolelwa gore ga e na bothata jwa go ntsha mantle mo pepeneneng. <ref name=":8" />Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2022, 18% ya batho ba Nigeria ba dirisa go ntsha mantle mo pepeneneng. == Maikarabelo == Makala a mararo a puso a na le maikarabelo a go tlamela ka ditirelo tsa metsi. Ka sekai, puso ya bosetšhaba e na le maikarabelo a go okamela tsamaiso ya metswedi ya metsi, puso ya porofense e tlamela metse ya ditoropo ka metsi fa dipuso tsa selegae tsone di dirisana mmogo le baagi go tlamela metse ya magae ka metsi. Boikarabelo jwa go phepafatsa ga se ka metlha bo leng mo pepeneneng, fela go phepafatsa mo ditoropong ke boikarabelo jwa puso.<ref name=":7" /> === Puso ya Federal === Tona ya Lefapha la Metswedi ya Metsi, e e neng e le karolo ya Tona ya Temothuo go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2010, e na le maikarabelo a diporojeke tse dikgolo tsa go tlhabolola metswedi ya metsi le go abela diporofense metsi. Go na le Ditheo di le lesome le bobedi (12) tsa Tlhabololo ya Metsi a Dinoka tse di leng ka fa tlase ga Lefapha, tse di rweleng maikarabelo a go rulaganyetsa le go tlhabolola metswedi ya metsi, tiro ya go nosetsa le go kokoanya tshedimosetso ya hydrological, hydro-geological. Gape di tlamela metse ka metsi a mantsi go tswa mo matamong. Khomišene ya Dituelo tsa Ditirelo e ne ya tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa 1992 go tlhokomela le go laola dituelo tsa ditirelo, go akaretsa le tsa Mekgatlho ya Metsi ya Puso. <ref name=":2" /> == Dipuso tsa diporofense == Boikarabelo jwa go tlamela ka metsi a a nowang bo neetswe State Water Agencies (SWAs) kgotsa mafapha a metsi a puso mo dinageng di le masome a mararo le borataro (36) tsa Nigeria. DWA di ikarabela mo dipusong tsa diporofense tsa bone, gantsi ka Lefapha la Diporofense la Metswedi ya Metsi. DWA e na le maikarabelo a go tlamela metse ka metsi mo ditoropong, mme mo dinageng dingwe gape e na le maikarabelo a go tlamela metse ka metsi kwa magaeng. Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2000, diporofense di le masome a mabedi le bobedi (22) di ne di na le ditheo tse di farologaneng tsa metsi le kgeleloleswe ya metsi, tse bontsi jwa tsona di tlhomilweng go diragatsa lenaneo la UNICEF. <ref name=":3" />Ka ngwaga wa 2010, puso ya Lagos e ne ya tlhoma Ofisi ya Puso ya Tsamaiso ya Metsi a a Leswe ka fa tlase ga Lekgotla la Naga la Metsi la Lagos. E ne ya tsaya maikarabelo a tsa boitekanelo go tswa go Lefapha la Tikologo la Puso. == Dipuso tsa selegae == Mekgatlho ya Puso ya Selegae (LGAs), e e nang le maloko a le 774, e na le maikarabelo a go tlamela ka metsi a metsemagae le ditlamelo tsa kgeleloleswe mo mafelong a yona le fa e le gore ke ba le mmalwa fela ba ba nang le didiriswa le bokgoni jwa go rarabolola bothata jono. Ke dilegae di le mmalwa fela tse di nang le mafapha a a tlamelang ka metsi kwa magaeng. == Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng == Mo metseng mengwe ya selegae, go ile ga tlhomiwa dikomiti tsa metsi le tsa kgeleloleswe (WASCOs) go tlhokomela le go tlhokomela mafelo a metsi. Dikomiti tseno di tshwanetse go duelela metsi a tsone. Baabi ba ba jaaka African Development Bank ba beile tlhokego ya gore bonnye 30% ya maloko a WASCO e tshwanetse go nna basadi. 59] Ka 1993, Puso e ne ya itlama go nonotsha seabe sa baagi mo tlamelong ya metsi kwa magaeng mo tokomaneng ya pholisi. Ka ngwaga wa 2000, pholisi e e ne e ise e anamisiwe kgotsa e tsenywe tirisong mo mananeong otlhe a a neng a duelelwa ke puso kgotsa ke baabi. 20] == Setshaba sa baagi == Lefapha la metsi le kgeleloleswe ya metsi la kwa Nigeria le na le setšhaba se se matlhagatlhaga se se tsayang dikgato tse di farologaneng go rarabolola mathata a lefapha leno. Mokgatlho wa Metsi le Kgeleloleswe (NEWSAN) ke mokgatlho o o kopaneng wa mekgatlho e e seng ya puso ya WASH, fa Water and Sanitation Media Network[60] e akaretsa babegadikgang ba ba begang ka lephata leno. Mokgatlho o o eteletseng pele o e seng wa mmuso mo lephateng le ke Bread of Life Development Foundation e e tsamaisang weblog ya eWASH ka ga dikgang tsa metsi le kgeleloleswe mo Nigeria. 61] === Dintlha tsa madi === Ditheko le go busediwa Ditefiso tse di tlhomameng tsa dikgolagano tse di sa lekanyediwang. Bontsi jwa metswedi ya metsi ya kwa Nigeria ga e na dimetara. Palo ya go lekanya e farologana go tswa go 7% kwa Katsina go ya go 16% kwa Kaduna le 24% kwa Lagos ka 2007. Bareki ba ba sa diriseng metara ba duedisiwa tlhwatlhwa e e tlhomameng e e sa amaneng le selekanyo se ba se dirisang. Mo badirising ba matlo ba ba sa diriseng metara, tlhwatlhwa ya kgwedi le kgwedi e ne e le US$3 kwa Lagos, US$5 kwa Katsina le US$11 kwa Kaduna. Kwa Yobe state e ne e le Naira 100 (US$0.60) ka kgwedi, e leng selekanyo se se kwa tlase go gaisa mo nageng go ya ka Yobe State Water Corporation. Lotseno lwa ditefiso lo ne lwa duelela fela 2% ya ditshenyegelo tsa go tlamela metsi.[ 62] Dithekesi tsa dikgokagano tse di nang le dimetara. Bareki ba ba dirisang dimetara ba duedisiwa tlhwatlhwa e e rileng, jaaka go ntse kwa Lagos, kgotsa tlhwatlhwa e e rileng e e oketsegang, jaaka go ntse kwa Katsina le Kaduna. Mo thulaganyong ya go oketsa tlhotlhwa ya ditshipi, tlhotlhwa ya metara ya dikhubiki e oketsega ka iketlo ka go simolola ka go dirisa 30 m3 ka kgwedi ka palogotlhe ya ditshipi di le 3 go ya go di le 6. Tlhwatlhwa ya matlo a ntlha a a rekisiwang ke US$0.19 ka m3 kwa Kaduna le US$0.44 ka m3 kwa Katsina. Ditheko tsa badirisi ba kgwebo le ba intaseteri di kwa godimo.[ Tekanyetso ya metsi e ne e le Naira 50 ka m3 (US$0.30) kwa Oyo state le Naira 16 ka m3 (US$0.10) kwa Taraba state ka 2009. 63] Go kokoanya makgetho. Ditsamaiso tsa tshedimosetso tse di feletsweng ke nako le mekgwa e e sa dumalaneng ya go duedisa di baka ditshenyegelo tse di oketsegileng tsa lotseno. Selekanyo sa madi a a amogelwang se kwa tlase thata. Mo dikarolong dingwe e kwa tlase ga 10% ya madi a a duelwang. Go na le dikoloto tse dintsi tse di saletseng kwa morago, segolobogolo tsa ditheo tsa puso. Go baakanya ditlhwatlhwa. Naga nngwe le nngwe e itlhomela tlhwatlhwa ya yone ya metsi. Diphetogo tsa ditefiso di tshwanetse go dumelwa ke Khansele ya Puso ya Khuduthamaga ka tsela e e tsayang lobaka lo loleele. E re ka ba sa kgone go duelela ditshenyegelo tsa bone tsa tiragatso, le go kgona go tlhomamisa diphetogo tsa ka metlha tsa tlhotlhwa, Mekgatlho ya Metsi ya Puso e amogela thuso ya madi go tswa go dipuso tsa puso. 20] Ditlhwatlhwa tsa barekisi. Dipatlisiso tse di dirilweng mo barekising ba mo mebileng kwa Lagos, Kaduna le Katsina di bontsha gore ba duedisa madi a a fetang a a duelwang ke Mekgatlho ya Metsi ya Puso ka makgetlo a le masome a mabedi (20). Madi a a duelwang, mo palong e e lekanyeditsweng thata ya tlamelo go tswa kwa barekising ba poraefete ba metsi, a ka nna ga nne go ya go ga lesome go feta ya kgwedi e le nngwe ya tlamelo e kgolo thata ya pompo. 20] == Dipeeletso == Gore Nigeria e kgone go fitlhelela Maitlhomo a Mileniamo a Tlhabololo a go tlamelwa ka metsi ka ngwaga wa 2015, naga eno e tlhoka go tsenya madi a a ka nnang dibilione di le makgolo a mabedi le lesome le botlhano (215) tsa diranta ka ngwaga. Nigeria ga jaana ga e tsenye madi a a fetang N82.5 billion (US$0.5 billion) mo lekaleng leno. 3] Bontsi jwa dipeeletso tseno di tlhokega go tsosolosa mafaratlhatlha a a sa tlhokomelweng sentle. Ga go a tlhomama gore a tekanyetso eno e akaretsa le go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse. == Tlamelo ka madi == Le fa gone go lebeletswe gore mephato yotlhe e meraro ya puso e nne le seabe ka botlalo mo go tshegetseng ka madi dipeeletso tse di dirwang mo ditirelong tsa metsi le tsa go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse, gantsi dipuso tsa selegae ga di na madi a go dira jalo. Puso ya porofense le ya puso ya selegae le tsone di tlamela ka madi a mannye fela. Ka jalo, bontsi jwa metsi a setšhaba le ditlamelo tsa boitekanelo kwa Nigeria di duelelwa ke baabi. 64] Go kgaoganya lotseno lwa oli le lekgetho magareng ga maemo a a farologaneng a puso ke kgang e e masisi mo dipolotiking kwa Nigeria, e e kgaogantsweng magareng ga Bokone jwa Bamoseleme le Borwa jo bontsi jwa yone e leng jwa Sekeresete mme kwa kgaolo e le nngwe kwa Borwa e na le lotseno lotlhe lwa oli. Magareng ga ngwaga wa 1948 le ngwaga wa 2001, dikhomishene di le robongwe, ditaolo di le thataro tsa sesole, molao o le mongwe wa lekgotla la molao le dikatlholo di le pedi tsa Kgotlatshekelo ya Makgaolakgang di lekile go tlhalosa dikamano tsa madi magareng ga dikarolo tsa lekgotla la koporasi ntle le go rarabolola bothata. 65] Madi a puso a a amogelang a akaretsa mo e ka nnang diperesente di le masome a ferangbongwe(90). Tirisanommogo ya kwa ntle Banka ya Tlhabololo ya Aforika Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2012, African Development Bank e dumetse kadimo e e sa tureng ya diranta di le dimilione di le lekgolo (100) go tokafatsa metsi le go phepafatsa mo toropong e e kwa bokone ya Zaria. Porojeke e tla tsenngwa tirisong ke Lekgotla la Metsi la Naga la Kaduna. 67] Gape e dumetse porojeke ya go tlamelwa ka metsi le go phepafatsa mo metsesetoropong kwa metseng ya Ibadan le Jalingo kwa Oyo le Taraba ka ngwaga wa 2009. Diporojeke tseno tse pedi tsa mo ditoropong di akaretsa go tsenngwa ga dimetara tsa metsi, go rotloetsa bophepa mmogo le go aga matlwana a boithomelo kwa dikolong, kwa ditleliniking tsa boitekanelo, kwa marekisetsong le kwa diparakeng. Go farologana le porojeke e ntšhwa ya kwa Zaria, porojeke e kgologolo e tshegetsa diphetogo mo maemong a puso go kgaoganya ditiro tsa taolo le tsa tiragatso, le go tsenngwa tirisanong ya puso le poraefete. Banka ya Tlhabololo ya Aforika le yona e ne ya duelela diporojeke tsa metsi le tsa kgeleloleswe ya metsi kwa metseselegaeng kwa dikgaolong tsa Yobe le Osun tse di neng tsa amogelwa ka ngwaga wa 2007. Porojeke e ne e ikaeletse go oketsa tiriso ya metsi a metsemagae le ditlamelo tsa kgeleloleswe mo diporofenseng tse pedi, e go neng go fopholediwa gore e kwa tlase ga 50% ka ngwaga wa 2006, go fitlha go 100% ka ngwaga wa 2012. Ditirelo tsa boitekanelo tse di agilweng ke matlwana a boithomelo a sanplat le matlwana a boithomelo a a ntlafaditsweng a a nang le phefo. 59] African Development Bank e duelela ditshenyegelo tsotlhe tsa diporojeke tseno e sa tlhoke gore puso ya Nigeria e nne le seabe. African Development Bank e tsentse madi a le dimilione di lemakgolo a ferangbongwe le botlhano( 905) tsa didolara tsa Amerika mo lekaleng leno fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 1971.[ 59] === China === Ka ngwaga wa 2005, China e ne ya saena tumalano ya thuso le Nigeria go epa diforo di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a ferangbongwe le boferabobedi (598) kwa dinageng di le 18 le FCT. 68] Ga go a tlhalosiwa gore thuso eno e tla nna bokae le gore e tla newa ke setheo sefe. == Lekgotla la Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng == EU e tshegetsa Lenaneo la Diphetogo tsa Lefapha la Metsi le Kgeleloleswe mo diporofenseng di le thataro (Anambra, Cross River, Jigawa, Kano, Osun le Yobe) ka thuso ya madi ya di-euro di le dimilione di le masome a ferangbobedi le bosupa(87). Mmuso wa Nigeria, mo maemong otlhe a mararo a puso, le baagi ba selegae ba solofetswe go tsenya letsogo ka di-Euro di le dimilione di le 31 tse dingwe.[ 69] === JICA === JICA ke khutshwafatso ya Japan International Cooperation Agency[70] mme e tlamela ka dithuso tsa metsi a a phepa le tsa boitekanelo kwa dikgaolong tse tharo, Oyo, Kano le Yobe.[ 71] === UNICEF === UNICEF ((United Nations Children's Fund) e e kileng ya bo e itsiwe jaaka United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund[72] e tshegeditse tlamelo ya metsi kwa magaeng, tlhweko le bophepa mo metseng le dikolong go ralala naga go tloga ka 2002. Ditsereganyo tsa yone di ne tsa duelelwa ke DFID le European Commission. Go ile ga agiwa metswedi e mesha ya metsi a a phepa e le 6 960 (megogoro, didiba tse di epilweng le metswedi e e sireleditsweng) le matlwana a boithomelo a le 19 100. Dikolo tse di fetang 400 di tlametswe ka matlwana a boithomelo a a nang le ditlamelo tse di farologaneng tsa basimane le basetsana le mafelo a go tlhapa diatla. 73] === USAID === USAID ((United States Agency for International Development) [1] e tshegetsa tlamelo ya metsi kwa magaeng, boitekanelo le thuto ya boitekanelo kwa bokone jwa Nigeria, mo metseng e le masome a mane le borataro (46) kwa Bauchi, Kano le kwa Sokoto. USAID e dira mmogo le mokgatlho o e seng wa puso wa Nigeria wa Women Farmers Advancement Network (WOFAN), Action Against Hunger (NGO) le WaterAid. 75][76] === WaterAid === WaterAid, e leng mokgatlho o e seng wa puso wa kwa Boritane, o ne wa rotloetsa go kopanngwa ga thulaganyo ya go tlosa leswe le go thibela malwetse, go tlamela ka metsi le go ruta batho ka tsa boitekanelo ka go dirisa mokgwa wa go dira dilo mo setšhabeng le go dirisa dithekenoloji tse di sa jeng madi a mantsi. E dira mmogo le mekgatlho e e seng ya puso ya Nigeria, go akaretsa Benue NGO Network (BENGONET), Mokgatlho wa Metsi le Kgeleloleswe mo Nigeria (NEWSAN), Justice Development and Peace Initiative (JDPI), Community Based Development  ⁇  NGO (CBD-NGO), Women Empowerment In Nigeria (WEIN) le Bol Development Association (BOLDA). E dira mo ditoropong tse di fetang lekgolo (100) mo dinageng tsa Bauchi, Benue le Plateau. E tlhomile lenaane la maemo a a kwa tlase, le le theilweng mo dintlheng tse di akantshiwang ke baagi ka bobone, go thusa baagi go itlhophela ka bobone gore ke kae koo ba tshwanetseng go abela didirisiwa teng. Tsamaiso e e ntseng jalo ya go tsaya ditshwetso e e tsayang karolo e bile e le mo pontsheng e botlhokwa thata mo maemong a go se tshepane le puso e e bokoa. 77] Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa 2012, e ne ya fiwa tiro ke puso ya go thusa go lekola le go sekaseka diporojeke tsa metsi, tsa boitekanelo le tsa boitekanelo tsa puso kwa Nigeria. Go ya ka Tona ya Metswedi ya Metsi, Moporesitente Goodluck Jonathan o na le kgatlhego mo tshekatshekong e e ikemetseng ya tiragatso ya lephata mme mekgatlho e e seng ya puso e beilwe sentle go dira tiro e. 78] Banka ya Lefatshe Banka ya Lefatshe e weditse diporojeke di le supa tsa metsi fa e sa le ka ngwaga wa 1985 mme e ne e na le diporojeke di le tharo tse di ntseng di tsweletse ka ngwaga wa 2010. Palogotlhe ya madi a a dirisitsweng mo diporojekeng tseno tse 10 e ka nna diranta di le dimilione di le dikete di le 2,4. Porojeke ya Ntlha ya Diphetogo tsa Metsesetoropo ya Metsi (US$120 million) e lebile ditoropo di le 13 kwa diporofenseng tsa Kaduna, Ogun le Enugu. Porojeke gape e ikaeletse go tlhoma dipholisi tsa metsi tsa puso, le go rotloetsa tirisanommogo le lekala la poraefete. Porojeke ya bobedi ya Urban Water Reform Project ya boleng jwa didolara di le dimilione di le 200, e tshegetsa katoloso ya mafaratlhatlha a diphaepe kwa Calabar, le tsosoloso ya dimela tsa go phepafatsa metsi le ditsamaiso tsa kabo kwa Lagos mmogo le ditoropo tse dingwe tse tharo kwa Cross River State. == Metswedi == 9innm7wev4ij3ethitqcov444cxsquk 0 13523 51533 50481 2026-06-25T08:30:13Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51533 wikitext text/x-wiki Ka ngwaga wa 2021 go ya ko ngwageng wa 2023, Somalia e ne ya lebana le komelelo e e maswe thata mo dingwageng di le masome a mane tse di amileng batho ba ba fetang dimilione di le 7,8 - mo e ka nnang halofo ya baagi ba Somalia. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250207000848/https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/africacan/partnerships-and-data-sharing-enhance-delivery-of-somalia-drought-relief-afe-0624 "Partnerships and Data Sharing Enhance Delivery of Somalia Drought Relief".] World Bank. 2024-06-24. Archived from the original on February 7, 2025.</ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2024, ditlamorago tse di amanang le komelelo di santse di tswelela go ama batho ba le dimilione di le 4,4 go ralala Somalia, ba ba lebaneng le go tlhoka tshireletsego ya dijo. Se se akaretsa batho ba ba fopholediwang go nna 724,000 ba ba mo Integrated Food Security phase 4 (Emergency).<ref>[https://www.ipcinfo.org/ipc-country-analysis/details-map/en/c/1157952/?iso3=SOM "Somalia: Acute Food Insecurity Situation July to September 2024 and Projection October to December 2024"]. IPC (Integrated Food Security Phase Classification). 2024-09-23. Retrieved 2024-11-21</ref><ref>[https://www.rescue.org/article/crisis-somalia-what-you-need-know-and-how-help "Crisis in Somalia: What You Need to Know and How to Help".] International Rescue Committee. April 29, 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-21</ref> [[Setshwantsho:20220321 SO Report CS HA.png|thumb|setshwatsho se se supang lelhoko la dijo]] Dimpho tse di fetang makgolo a ferangbobedi (80) tsa naga eno di ne di le mo lehumeng le legolo. Mo dikgaolong tse di amilweng, go fitlha go masome a mabedi (20%) ya baagi ba itemogetse tlhaelo ya metsi, dijo le mafulo. <ref>[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/11/19/un-sounds-alarm-on-somalias-rapidly-worsening-drought "UN sounds alarm on Somalia's 'rapidly worsening' drought"]. ''Al Jazeera''. 19 Nov 2021. Retrieved 2024-11-21</ref>Batho ba ba fetang milione o le mongwe ba ne ba fudusiwa ka ngwaga wa 2022,<ref>[https://www.sipri.org/publications/2023/partner-publications/climate-peace-and-security-fact-sheet-somalia-2023 "Climate, Peace and Security Fact Sheet: Somalia 2023"]. ''Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)''. 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2024</ref> mme batho ba ba fetang 300 000 ba ne ba santse ba fudusiwa ka ngwaga wa 2023.<ref>[https://www.unhcr.org/news/press-releases/over-1-million-people-internally-displaced-somalia-record-time#:~:text=312,000%20people%20by%20ravaging%20drought. "Over 1 million people internally displaced in Somalia in record time"]. ''UNHCR''. 24 May 2023. Retrieved 2024-11-21.</ref> == Mabaka == Phetogo ya tlelaemete ke lebaka le legolo la dikotsi tse di amanang le tlelaemete tse di oketsegang.<ref>[https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/11/1106222 "Worsening drought affects 2.3 million people in Somalia"]. ''UN News''. 2021-11-19. Retrieved 2021-11-20</ref> == Tlhotlheletso == * Leuba le nnile le ditlamorago tse di maswe mo lekaleng la temothuo la Somalia, le le dirang masome a mabedi le borataro (6% )ya GDP ya naga, le thapa masome a ferangbongwe (90%) ya badiri ba ba sa thapiwang, mme le na le seabe sa makgolo a feragongwe (90%) mo diromelwantle. Fa e sale go tloga mo bogareng jwa ngwaga wa 2021, nngwetharong ya leruo mo dikgaolong tse di amegileng thata di sule.<ref>[https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-humanitarian-needs-overview-2023-february-2023 "Somalia Humanitarian Needs Overview 2023 (February 2023) - Somalia | ReliefWeb"]. ''reliefweb.int''. 2023-02-08. Retrieved 2024-11-21</ref> * Go tlhaela ga metsi a a mo godimo ga lefatshe go dirisiwa ke diphologolo le batho, mmogo le go tlhaela ga mafulo, go amile thata batho ba ba dirang temothuo mo kgaolong eno. Dikarolo dingwe di bone go fokotsega ga thobo ya dijalo ka masome a supa (70%).<ref>[https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/drought-horn-africa-regional-analysis-february-2023 "Drought in the Horn of Africa - Regional analysis (February 2023) - Somalia | ReliefWeb"]. ''reliefweb.int''. 2023-02-15. Retrieved 2024-11-21.</ref> * Segolobogolo kwa dikgaolong tsa bogare le kwa Puntland, batho ba ikaegile ka go epa diforo ka gonne bontsi jwa didiba tse di seng boteng le di-bercad di kgadile. * Dipula tse di kwa tlase ga tse di tlwaelegileng tsa kwa Deyr, di kopane le pula e e sa lekaneng mo mafelong a a kwa godimo a dinoka tsa dithaba tsa Ethiopia, di dirile gore metsi a dinoka tsa Juba le Shabelle a fokotsege.<ref>[https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-drought-situation-report-no3-20-january-2022 "Somalia: Drought Situation Report No.3 (As of 20 January 2022) - Somalia | ReliefWeb"]. ''reliefweb.int''. 2022-01-20. Retrieved 2024-11-21.</ref> == Maemo a batho == Ka ngwaga wa 2022, makgolo a supa le bongwe (71%) ya batho ba Somalia ba ne ba tshela ka fa tlase ga molelwane wa lehuma. <ref>[https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/somalia/2022-somalia-humanitarian-needs-overview "2022 Somalia Humanitarian Needs Overview | OCHA".] ''www.unocha.org''. 2021-10-24. Retrieved 2024-11-21</ref>Palo ya batho ba ba tlhokang thuso e ne ya fitlha kwa setlhoeng ka ngwaga wa 2023 mme ya fitlha go dimilione di le 8,25.<ref>[https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/somalia/somalia-humanitarian-needs-overview-2023-february-2023 "Somalia Humanitarian Needs Overview 2023 (February 2023) | OCHA".] ''www.unocha.org''. 2023-02-08. Retrieved 2024-11-21.</ref>Le fa maemo a tokafetse fa e sale ka nako eo, ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa 2024:<ref>[https://www.unocha.org/publications/report/somalia/somalia-monthly-humanitarian-update-february-2024 "Somalia Monthly Humanitarian Update, February 2024 | OCHA".] ''www.unocha.org''. 2024-03-17. Retrieved 2024-11-21.</ref> * Ba le dimilione di le 6,9 ba sa ntse ba tlhoka thuso ya namolo. * Batho ba le dimilione tse 4 ba lebane le go tlhoka dijo ka tsela e e masisi * Bana ba le dimilione di le 1,7 ba lebane le bothata jwa phepelotlase e e masisi == Thulaganyo ya go Thusa Batho ba ba Tlhokang Thuso ya Namolo Kwa Somalia == Thulaganyo ya Thuso ya Batho (Humanitarian Response Plan [HRP]) ya kwa Somalia e ile ya tokafadiwa thata mo dingwageng tse di fetileng go itebaganya le ditlhokego tse di ntseng di fetoga tsa baagi ba yone. Fano ke tshobokanyo ya dikopo le dikarabo go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2021 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2023: * 2021 HRP: Leano la ngwaga wa 2021 le ne le ikaeletse go tshegetsa batho ba le nne (4) mo go ba le dimilione di le 5.9 ba ba tlhokang thuso ya botho, go tlhoka tekanyetsokabo ya $1.09 billion.<ref>[https://reliefweb.int/report/somalia/somalia-humanitarian-response-plan-2021-february-2021#:~:text=The%202021%20HRP%20requires%20US,5.2%20million%20persons%20in%202020. "Somalia: Humanitarian Response Plan 2021 (February 2021) - Somalia | ReliefWeb".] ''reliefweb.int''. 2021-02-15. Retrieved 2024-11-21.</ref>Madi otlhe a a amogetsweng e ne e le 79% ya $1.09 billion e e kopilweng.<ref>[https://fts.unocha.org/plans/1011/summary "Somalia Humanitarian Response Plan 2021 | Financial Tracking Service"]. ''fts.unocha.org''. Retrieved 2024-11-21.</ref> * 2022 HRP: Ditlhokego tsa ngwaga wa 2022 HRP di oketsegile thata, ka ntlha ya maemo a komelelo a a tsweletseng le go oketsega ga go fudusiwa ga batho. E ne e batla go thusa batho ba le dimilione di le 5,5 ka kopo ya madi a ntlha a $1.46 billion. <ref>[https://library.alnap.org/help-library/somalia-humanitarian-response-plan-2022-december-2021 "Somalia Humanitarian Response Plan 2022 (December 2021)".] ''library.alnap.org''. Retrieved 2024-11-21.</ref>Karabo e ne ya tlhatlogela go $2.1 billion,<ref>[https://fts.unocha.org/plans/1063/summary "Somalia Humanitarian Response Plan 2022 | Financial Tracking Service"]. ''fts.unocha.org''. Retrieved 2024-11-21</ref>go fitlha go batho ba le dimilione di le 7.3 le fa go na le dikgwetlho tsa madi le tshireletsego<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250613085743/https://somalia.un.org/en/218500-humanitarian-partners-seek-us26-billion-assist-76-million-people-somalia#:~:text=7.3%20million%20people%20in%202022 "Humanitarian partners seek US$2.6 billion to assist 7.6 million people in Somalia | United Nations in Somalia".] ''somalia.un.org''. Retrieved 2024-11-21</ref> * 2023 HRP: Ka ngwaga wa 2023, palo ya batho ba ba tlhokang thuso e e potlakileng e ne ya tlhatloga, ka batho ba le dimilione di le 8,25 ba tlhoka thuso ya botho. Leano la ngwaga wa 2023 le ne le batla $2.6 billion go arabela ditlhokego, ka ntlha ya gore kotsi ya leuba e ne e le kwa godimo. Le fa go ntse jalo, kemasome a mae le borataro (46%) fela ya tekanyetsokabo e e kopilweng e e neng ya abelwa kwa bofelong. <ref>[https://fts.unocha.org/plans/1133/summary "Somalia Humanitarian Response Plan 2023 | Financial Tracking Service".] ''fts.unocha.org''. Retrieved 2024-11-21</ref> == Metswedi == dkh7hq8c865zq03y08ynnmlpaqibdkf 0 13568 51499 51435 2026-06-25T07:17:14Z OtengPortia 12840 #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51499 wikitext text/x-wiki Letsha la Tanganyika<ref>Yohannes,Okbazghi (2008). Water resources and inter-riparian relations in the Nile basin. SUNY Press. p. 127.</ref> ke nngwe ya [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|Matsha a Magolo a Afrika]].<ref>Burton, Richard Francis (1965). Richards, Charles (ed.). ''Burton and Lake Tanganyika''. Dar Es Salaam: East African Literature Bureau. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/180480726 180480726.]</ref> Ke [[:en:List_of_lakes_by_volume|letsha la bobedi mo lefatsheng ka bogolo jwa metsi]],[[:en:List_of_lakes_by_depth|le ka boteng]], ka makgetho a mabedi le le latlhegelwa fela ke [[:en:Lake_Baikal|Lake Baikal]] kwa [[:en:Siberia|Siberia]].<ref>[http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika "Lake Tanganyika"]. ''www.zambiatourism.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150422001337/http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika Archived] from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref><ref>Lewis, R. (16 May 2010)[https://news.brown.edu/articles/2010/05/tanganyika . "Brown Geologists Show Unprecedented Warming in Lake Tanganyika".] Brown University. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170326051107/https://news.brown.edu/articles/2010/05/tanganyika Archived] from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.</ref> Le gape ke letsha le le telele go feta tsotlhe mo lefatsheng.<ref>[http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika "Lake Tanganyika".] ''www.zambiatourism.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150422001337/http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika Archived] from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref> Ka bogolo jwa lefelo, [[:en:List_of_lakes_by_area|ke la bo 6 mo lefatsheng]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/worlds-largest-lakes-2228655 "World's largest lakes | Description, Area, & Facts | Britannica".] ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 18 October 2025.</ref> Letsha leno le abelanwa ke dinaga di le nne: [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]], [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[:en:Burundi|Burundi]] le Zambia. Tanzania e na le karolo e kgolo ya letsha (mo e ka nnang 46%), mme Democratic Republic of the Congo e na le mo e ka nnang 40%. Letsha la Tanganyika le elela metsi a lona ka noka ya [[:en:Lukuga_River|Lukuga River]] go tsena mo tsamaisong ya [[:en:Congo_River|Noka ya Congo]], e e feleletsang e tshela kwa toropong ya [[:en:Banana,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Banana]] go tsena mo [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Lewatleng la Atlantic]].<ref name=":0">[https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3587 "LAKE TANGANYIKA".] ''World Lake Database, International Lake Environment Committee Foundation''. Retrieved 12 January 2025.</ref> '''Jeokorafi''' Lake Tanganyika ke [[:en:Ancient_lake|letsha la bogologolo thata]], mme ke lengwe la matsha a le masome a mabedi fela mo lefatsheng a a nang le dingwaga tse di fetang milione e le nngwe. Dikarolo tsa lone tse tharo tse dikgolo, tse mo dinakong tse metsi a neng a le kwa tlase thata di neng di le matsha a a ikemetseng ka nosi, tsotlhe di na le dingwaga tse di farologaneng. Karolo ya bogare e simolotse go bopiwa dingwaga di ka nna milione di le 9 go ya go 12 tse di fetileng. Karolo ya bokone e simolotse dingwaga di ka nna milione di le 7 go ya go 8 tse di fetileng. fa karolo ya borwa e simolotse dingwaga di ka nna milione di le 2 go ya go 4 tse di fetileng.<ref>Cohen; Soreghan; Scholz (1993). "Estimating the age of formation of lakes: An example from Lake Tanganyika, East African Rift system". ''Geology''. '''21''' (6): 511–514. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993Geo....21..511C 1993Geo....21..511C.] doi:[https://doi.org/10.1130%2F0091-7613%281993%29021%3C0511%3AETAOFO%3E2.3.CO%3B2 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0511:ETAOFO>2.3.CO;2.]</ref> Gompieno, Letsha la Tanganyika le mo kgaolong ya [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift,]] e leng lekala la bophirima la [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. Le dikologilwe ke dithaba tse di kwa matlhakoreng a mokgatšha wa phatlogo ya lefatshe. Ke letsha le legolo go feta tsotlhe tsa mofuta wa [[:en:Rift_lake|rift]] mo Afrika, mme ke la bobedi mo lefatsheng ka bogolo jwa metsi a a foreshe. Gape ke letsha le le boteng go feta tsotlhe mo Afrika le le tshwereng metsi a mantsi a a foreshe go feta tsotlhe mo kontineng ya Afrika. Le tshwere mo e ka nnang 16% ya metsi a a foreshe a lefatshe a a ka dirisiwang.Letsha leno le boleele jwa dikilometara di le 676 le anametse go tswa bokone go ya borwa ka bophara jwa palogare ya dikilometara di le 50. Le akaretsa lefelo la dikilometara tse di khubiki di le 32,000 ka lotshitshi lwa boleele jwa dikilometara di le 1,900. Palogare ya boteng ke dimetara di le 572 fa boteng jo bogolo ke dimetara di le 1,471, jo bo fitlhelwang mo karolong ya bokone. Go akanyediwa gore letsha leno le tshwere metsi a ka nna 18,750 km³, e leng bongata jo bogolo thata jwa metsi a a foreshe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/19991110092358/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dafr06.html "Datbase Summary: Lake Tanganyika"]. ''ilec.or.jp''. Japan: International Lake Environment Committee Foundation. Archived from [http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dafr06.html the original] on 10 November 1999. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref><ref name=":0" /> Letsha la Tanganyika lena le [[:en:Drainage_basin|mokgatšha]] wa metsi o o ka nnang 231,000 km².Go na le dinoka tse dikgolo di le pedi tse di tsenang mo letsheng leno, mmogo le dinoka tse dinnye le melatswana e mentsi. Melatswana eno gantsi e khutshwane ka ntlha ya dithaba tse di kwa godimo le tse di matsutsuba tse di dikologileng letsha. Noka e le yosi e kgolo e e tswang mo letsheng ke [[:en:Lukuga_River|Lukuga River,]] e e elelang e tsena mo tsamaisong ya [[:en:Congo_River|Congo River.]] Pula le mouoane di na le karolo e kgolo go feta dinoka mo tsamaisong ya metsi a letsha. Go akanyediwa gore bonyenyane 90% ya metsi a a tsenang a tswa mo puleng e e nelelang mo godimo ga letsha, mme bonyenyane 90% ya tahlegelo ya metsi e bakwa ke go mowa ga metsi ka tlhamalalo.<ref name=":1">[[:en:Sven_O._Kullander|Kullander, S.O.]]; Roberts, T.R. (2011). "Out of Lake Tanganyika: endemic lake fishes inhabit rapids of the Lukuga River". ''Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters''. '''22''' (4): 355–76.</ref> Noka e kgolo ke [[:en:Ruzizi_River|Ruzizi River]], e e bopilweng dingwaga di ka nna 10,000 tse di fetileng, e e tsenang mo bokone jwa letsha e tswa mo [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]].<ref name=":2">Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980). ''Natural Wonders of the World''. US: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. pp. 366–67. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-89577-087-5|<bdi>978-0-89577-087-5</bdi>.]]</ref> [[:en:Malagarasi_River|Malagarasi River]] ke noka ya bobedi ka bogolo mo Tanzania, mme e tsena mo letlhakoreng la botlhaba la letsha.<ref name=":2" /> Noka eno e kgologolo go feta letsha ka bolone, mme pele letsha le bopiwa, e ka bo e ne e le karolo ya tsamaiso ya metsi ya [[:en:Lualaba_River|Lualaba River]], e leng mothopo o mogolo wa Noka ya Congo River.<ref name=":1" /> Noka e kgolo e e tswang mo Zambia e bile e tsenang mo karolong ya borwa jwa letsha ke [[:en:Lufubu_River|Lufubu]] River. E tswa mo thoteng e e kwa borwa jwa letsha, e elela go ya kwa bokone-bophirima go ralala dithaba, morago ga moo e retologela go ya bokone-botlhaba go tsena mo letsheng gaufi le Nsumbu.<ref>[https://africageographic.com/stories/nsumbu-national-park/ "Nsumbu National Park"]. ''Africa Geographic''. Retrieved 3 June 2026.</ref> Lake Tanganyika e na le histori e e raraaneng ya diphetogo tsa tsela e metsi a elelang ka yone, ka ntlha ya boleele jo bogolo jwa yone, boteng jo bogolo, go tlala ga yone ka bonya, le lefelo la yone le le kwa dithabeng mo kgaolong e e nang le tiro e ntsi ya dithoromo tsa dithaba tse di tlhotlhogang le diphetogo tsa tlelaemete. Go bonala gore mo nakong e e fetileng, letsha leno ga le ise le ko le nne le phatlha e e tswang ka tlhamalalo go ya lewatleng. Ka ntlha ya seno, le tlhalosiwa jaaka [[:en:Endorheic|“endorheic ka bontsi”.]] Go kgokagana ga letsha le lewatle go ikaegile ka gore metsi a tshwanetse go nna kwa godimo thata mo a ka kgonang go elela go tswa mo letsheng ka Lukuga River go tsena mo tsamaisong ya Congo River.<ref name=":2" /> Fa metsi a sa elele, go tsenwa ga metsi mo Lukuga go gantsi go thibelwa ke mebala ya motlhaba le dimela tsa metsi tse dintsi. Ka nako eo, noka eno e ikaega mo dinokeng tsa yone tse dinnye, segolobogolo Niemba River, go tshegetsa go elela ga yone.<ref name=":1" /> Go simolola ka bo-1990, selekanyo sa metsi mo Lake Tanganyika se ne sa tlhatloga ka mo e ka nnang dimetara di le 2, se baka go rwala matlo le dikago tse di gaufi le lotshitshi.<ref>[https://worldwater.earth/water-surface-elevation-timeseries-reveals-the-rising-water-levels-in-lake-tanganyika "Water surface elevation timeseries reveals the rising water levels in Lake Tanganyika"]. ''WorldWater''. Retrieved 1 June 2026.</ref> Seno se bonagala thata mo toropong ya Nsumbu, gaufi le lotshitshi magareng ga jetty le molomo wa Chisala River, e ka nna dikilometara di le 2 go ya kwa bokone-bophirima. Magareng ga 2018 le 2024, metsi a ne a tsenelela mo teng ga toropo go fitlha mo e ka nnang dimetara di le 300 go tswa mo lotshitshing lwa 2018.<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/search/Nsumbu/@-8.5164746,30.4729444,1517m/data=!3m1!1e3?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D "Nsumbu"]. ''Google Maps''. Retrieved 2 June 2026.</ref><ref>[https://earth.google.com/web/@-8.51664622,30.47719045,771.76267068a,1405.28427165d,35y,0h,0t,0r/data=ChYqEAgBEgoyMDE4LTExLTI2GAFCAggBOgMKATBCAggASg0I____________ARAA "Google Earth imagery showing Nsumbu settlement and shoreline, Zambia".] ''Google Earth - Use the historical slider to select past views''. Google Earth. Retrieved 2 June 2026.</ref> Go akanyediwa gape gore mo nakong e e fetileng, letsha le ka tswa le ne le na le ditsela tse di farologaneng tsa go tsena le go tswa ga metsi. Go akantshiwa gore metsi a ka tswa a ne a tswa mo [[:en:Lake_Rukwa|Lake Rukwa]] e e kwa godimo, kgotsa go ka tswa go ne go na le kgokagano le [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], mme le gone go kile ga akanyediwa tsela ya go tswa e e yang kwa Noka ya [[:en:Nile|Nile]] River. Tsotlhe tseno di bontsha gore histori ya tsamaiso ya metsi ya letsha e fetogile gantsi mo dingwageng di le dimilione.<ref>Lévêque, Christian (1997). ''Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation: The Freshwater Fish of Tropical Africa''. [[:en:Cambridge_University_Press|Cambridge University Press.]] p. 110. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-521-57033-6|<bdi>978-0-521-57033-6</bdi>.]]</ref> '''Dikarolo tsa metsi''' Metsi a Lake Tanganyika a na le [[:en:Hard_water|alkaline]] e e kwa godimo, ka [[:en:PH|pH]] e e ka nnang 9 mo boteng jwa dimetara di le 0–100.<ref name=":3">De, Wever; Muylaert; der Gucht, Van; Pirlot; Cocquyt; Descy; Plisnier; Vyverman (2005). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1214687 "Bacterial Community Composition in Lake Tanganyika: Vertical and Horizontal Heterogeneity".] ''Appl Environ Microbiol''. '''71''' (9): 5029–5037. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ApEnM..71.5029D 2005ApEnM..71.5029D.] doi:[[doi:10.1128/AEM.71.9.5029-5037.2005|10.1128/AEM.71.9.5029-5037.2005.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1214687 1214687.] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16151083 16151083.]</ref> Kwa tlase ga moo, pH e nna mo e ka nnang 8.7, mme e fokotsega ka bonya go fitlha mo magareng ga 8.3 le 8.5 mo mafelong a a boteng go feta tsotlhe a letsha.<ref name=":3" /> Mokgwa o o tshwanang o bonwa mo [[:en:Electric_conductivity|phitisong ya motlakase]], e e tlogang mo e ka nnang 670 μS/cm mo godimo ga metsi go fitlha go 690 μS/cm mo mafelong a a boteng thata.<ref name=":3" /> Themperetšha ya godimo ga metsi gantsi e ka nna 24°C mo karolong ya borwa jwa letsha ka Phatwe, mme e ka tlhatloga go 28–29°C kwa bokhutlong jwa paka ya dipula ka Mopitlwe–Moranang.<ref name=":4">Edmond; Stallard; Craigh; Weiss; Coulter (1993). [[doi:10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0725|"Nutrient chemistry of the water column of Lake Tanganyika".]] ''Limnol. Oceanogr''. '''38''' (4): 725–738. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993LimOc..38..725E 1993LimOc..38..725E.] doi:[[doi:10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0725|10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0725]]</ref> Kwa boteng jo bo fetang dimetara di le 400, themperetšha e nna e sa fetoge thata, e le mo magareng ga 23.1°C le 23.4°C.<ref>O'Reilly, Catherine M.; Alin, Simone R.; Plisnier, Pierre-Denis; Cohen, Andrew S.; Mckee, Brent A. (14 August 2003). "Climate change decreases aquatic ecosystem productivity of Lake Tanganyika, Africa". ''Nature''. '''424''' (6950): 766–768. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Natur.424..766O 2003Natur.424..766O]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi:]][[doi:10.1038/nature01833|10.1038/nature01833.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12917682 12917682.] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1637315 1637315]</ref> Metsi a letsha a ntse a oketsega mogote ka bonya fa e sale go tswa mo lekgolong la bo-19 la dingwaga, mme seno se potlakile le go feta ka ntlha ya [[:en:Global_warming|go gotela ga lefatshe]] fa e sale go tswa mo bo-1950.<ref>Jensen, M.R. (8 August 2016). [https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/lake-tanganyika-fisheries-declining-global-warming "Lake Tanganyika Fisheries Declining From Global Warming".] University of Arizona. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180306085806/https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/lake-tanganyika-fisheries-declining-global-warming Archived] from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.</ref> Letsha le [[:en:Lake_stratification|kgaogane]] ka dikarolo tsa metsi tse di sa kopaneng bonolo. Go tlhakatlhakana ga metsi ka dipaka gantsi ga go fete boteng jwa dimetara di le 150.<ref name=":4" /> Go tlhakatlhakana gono go diragala thata mo karolong ya borwa ka ntlha ya diphefo tse di [[:en:Upwelling|sutisang metsi a a tsididi go tswa kwa tlase go ya godimo.]] Gape go na le go tlhatloga le go fologa ga metsi mo dikarolong tse dingwe tsa letsha.<ref>Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (2003). "Recent research in the African Great Lakes: Fisheries, biodiversity and cichlid evolution". ''Freshwater Forum''. '''20''' (1): 4–64.</ref> Ka ntlha ya go kgaogana gono ga metsi, dikarolo tse di boteng thata di na le se se bidiwang [[:en:Fossil_water|metsi a bogologolo]]<ref>Hutter; Yongqi; and Chubarenko (2011). Physics of Lakes, volume 1: Foundation of the Mathematical and Physical Background. P. 11. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-642-15178-1|<bdi>978-3-642-15178-1</bdi>.]]</ref> a a sa tlhakaneng le a kwa godimo ka dingwaga tse dintsi. Seno se raya gore dikarolo tse di boteng ga di na [[:en:Oxygen|oksijene .]] Ka jalo ditlhapi le [[:en:Obligate_aerobe|diphologolo tsotlhe tse di tlhokang oksijene]] di kgona go tshela fela mo dikarolong tse di kwa godimo tsa letsha. Mo bokone jwa letsha, molelwane ono wa oksijene o fitlhelwa mo boteng jwa dimetara di ka nna 100 fa mo borwa<ref>Wright, J.J.; and L.M. Page (2006). Taxonomic revision of Lake Tanganyikan Synodontis (Siluriformes: Mochokidae). Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 46(4): 99–154.</ref><ref>Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (1987). Ecological Studies in Tropical Fish Communities. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-521-28064-8|<bdi>0-521-28064-8</bdi>.]]</ref> jwa letsha, o fitlhelwa mo boteng jwa dimetara di ka nna 240–250. Dikarolo tse di boteng go feta tsotlhe tsa letsha di na le selekanyo se segolo sa [[:en:Hydrogen_sulfide|hydrogen sulfide]], gase e e botlhole.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Ryan, Emily; Todd, Jonathan A.; McGlue, Michael; Kimirei, Ismael; Soreghan, Michael (2017). "Variation in Taphonomic Character of Shell Beds in Lake Tanganyika, Africa: Paleoenvironmental and Stratigraphic Implications of Shell Beds in Lakes". Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 304608. Geological Society of America. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1130/abs/2017am-304608|10.1130/abs/2017am-304608]]</ref> '''Baeloji''' '''Digagabi''' Letsha la Tanganyika le mafelo a metsi a a le dikologileng ke legae la mefuta e le mmalwa ya digagabi, tsotlhe di akaretsa [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodile]] (go akaretsa kwena e kgolo e e tumileng e e bidiwang [[:en:Gustave_(crocodile)|Gustave]]), [[:en:Zambian_hinged_terrapin|Khudu ya metsi ya Zambia,]] [[:en:Serrated_hinged_terrapin|Serrated hinged terrapin]], Pan hinged terrapin (mofuta ono ga o nne mo letsheng ka bolone mme o fitlhelwa mo matsheng a a gaufi)<ref name=":5">Spawls, Howell, Drewes, and Ashe (2002). A Field Guide to the Reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, London. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-12-656470-1|0-12-656470]]-1</bdi>.</ref>. [[:en:Storm's_water_cobra|Storm’s water cobra]], e leng [[:en:Subspecies|mofuta]] o o mo kotsing wa noga ya metsi e e jang ditlhapi thata, e fitlhelwa fela mo Letsheng la Tanganyika. E rata go nna mo mabopong a a nang le maje.<ref name=":5" /><ref>O'Shea, Mark; Mcintyre, P.B. (2005). [http://www.markoshea.info/oba4-3_zambia_tanzania03.php "Boulengerina annulata stormsi (Storm's water cobra). Attempted predation".] ''Herpetological Review''. '''36''' (2): 189. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171202071348/http://www.markoshea.info/oba4-3_zambia_tanzania03.php Archived] from the original on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> '''Ditlhapi tsa Cichlid''' Letsha la Tanganyika ke legae la [[:en:Endemism|bonyenyane mefuta]] e e fetang 250 ya ditlhapi tsa [[:en:Cichlid|cichlid]]<ref>Kelly West (28 February 2001). [https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 "Results and Experiences of the UNDP/GEF Conservation Initiative (RAF/92/G32) in Burundi, D.R. Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia"]. ''IW:LEARN | Documents''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162707/https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> tse di fitlhelwang fela mo letsheng leno. Go dumelwa gape gore go santse go na le [[:en:Undescribed_taxon|mefuta e mengwe e e iseng e lemogiwe]] ke baitseanape.<ref>Craig Mortiff (24 December 2009). [https://www.cichlid-forum.com/threads/lake-tanganyika-and-its-diverse-cichlids.456196/ "Lake Tanganyika and its Diverse Cichlids"]. ''Cichlid Fish Forum''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162711/https://www.cichlid-forum.com/threads/lake-tanganyika-and-its-diverse-cichlids.456196/ Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> Mo e ka nnang 98% ya mefuta yotlhe ya cichlid mo letsheng leno ga e fitlhelwe kae kapa kae mo lefatsheng fa e se mo Tanganyika fela. Ka ntlha ya seno, letsha leno le botlhokwa thata mo dipatlisisong tsa kafa mefuta [[:en:Speciation|e mesha ya diphologolo e tlhagang ka teng,]] le kafa [[:en:Evolution|botshelo bo fetogang ka teng mo lobakeng lo loleele.]]<ref>Takahashi, T.; Hori, M. (2012). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3363988 "Genetic and Morphological Evidence Implies Existence of Two Sympatric Species in Cyathopharynx furcifer (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika"]. ''International Journal of Evolutionary Biology''. '''2012''' 980879. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi:]][[doi:10.1155/2012/980879|10.1155/2012/980879.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3363988 3363988]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22675655 22675655.]</ref><ref>Kornfield, Ivy; Smith, Peter A (2000). "African Cichlid Fishes: Model Systems for Evolutionary Biology". ''Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics''. '''31''': 163–196. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.163|10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.163]].</ref> Ditlhapi tsa cichlid tsa [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|Matsha a Magolo a Afrika]], go akaretsa Tanganyika, di emela nngwe ya mehlala e megolo go feta tsotlhe ya [[:en:Adaptive_radiation|adaptive radiation]] mo diphologolong tse di nang le marapo a mokwatla.<ref>Meyer, Britta; Matchiner, Michael; Salburger, Walter (25 November 2013). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 "A tribal level phylogeny of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes based on a genomic multi-marker approach"]. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution''. '''83''': 56–71. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009|10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 4334724.] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25433288 25433288.]</ref> Le fa dingwe tsa mefuta eno di ka fitlhelwa gonnye mo godimo ga [[:en:Lukuga_River|Lukuga]] River, ga di kgone go anamela thata mo [[:en:Congo_Basin|tsamaisong ya Congo River]]. Seno se bakwa ke jeokorafi ya mafelo ao, le pharologano ya dikhemikhale tsa metsi.Tikologo e e dikologileng Letsha la Tanganyika e itshiametse gape e itekanetse gona le [[:en:Rapids|mekgacho]] le medi e sianeng ya noka ya Congo. Metsi a Tanganyika, a [[:en:Alkali'|alkaline]] gape ana le [[:en:PH|pH]] e kwa godimo (ga a na asiti e ntsi), a na le [[:en:Calcium|calcium]] le diminerale tse dintsi go farologana le metsi a Congo a a nang le [[:en:Acid|asiti e ntsi,]] [[:en:Sediment|a tletse seretse,]] a tletse matlakala a [[:en:Rainforest|dimela]] le dilo tse dingwe tsa tlholego tse di senyegang. Mo dikarolong dingwe tsa Congo, kgakala le [[:en:Whitewater|metsi a masweu]], metsi a fetoga se se bidiwang [[:en:Blackwater_river|metsi a mantsho]], ka ntlha ya dikhemikhale tse di tswang mo dikgatsheng le mo matlakaleng a ditlhare a a bodileng. Metsi ano a na le [[:en:Tannin|tannins]] tse dintsi mme ga a siamele<ref>[[:en:Sven_O._Kullander|Kullander, S.O]].; Roberts, T.R. (2011). "Out of Lake Tanganyika: endemic lake fishes inhabit rapids of the Lukuga River". ''Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters''. '''22''' (4): 355–76.</ref> ditlhapi tsa cichlid. Ka mokgwa o o tshwanang, mefuta e mentsi ya ditlhapi tsa dinoka tsa tropiki le yone e ka nna ya se kgone go tshela fa e ka tsenngwa mo metsing a a phepa, a alkaline le a nang le diminerale tse dintsi a Letsha la Tanganyika. Le fa Letsha la Tanganyika e na le mefuta e mmalwa ya ditlhapi tsa cichlid fa e bapisiwa le Letsha la [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Malawi]] kgotsa Letsha la [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Victoria]]—matsha a a kileng a nna le koketsego e kgolo le e [[:en:Adaptive_radiation|e potlakileng]] ya mefuta ya ditlhapi mo hisetoring ya bosheng—<ref>Turner, Seehausen; Knight, Allender; Robinson (2001). [[doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01200.x|"How many species of cichlid fishes are there in African lakes?"]]. ''Molecular Ecology''. '''10''' (3): 793–806. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001MolEc..10..793T 2001MolEc..10..793T.] doi:[[doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01200.x|10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01200.]]<nowiki/>x. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11298988 11298988.] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12925712 12925712.]</ref>ditlhapi tsa cichlid tsa Tanganyika ke tsone tse di nang le pharologano e kgolo go feta tsotlhe mo [[:en:Morphology_(biology)|popegelong ya mmele]] le mo [[:en:Genetics|dijining]].<ref name=":6">Meyer, Britta; Matchiner, Michael; Salburger, Walter (25 November 2013). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 "A tribal level phylogeny of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes based on a genomic multi-marker approach"]. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution''. '''83''': 56–71. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009|10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009]]. PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 4334724]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25433288 25433288.]</ref><ref>Seehausen, O. (2015). [[doi:10.1111/nph.13450|"Process and pattern in cichlid radiations – inferences for understanding unusually high rates of evolutionary diversification"]]. ''New Phytologist''. '''207''' (2): 304–312. doi:[[doi:10.1111/nph.13450|10.1111/nph.13450.]] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25983053 25983053.]</ref> Seno se amana le bogologolo jwa Letsha la Tanganyika, ka gonne le legologolo thata go feta Malawi le Victoria. Nako e telele eno e ne ya letla mefuta ya ditlhapi go fetoga le go ikgaoganya ka ditsela tse dintsi go feta tse di bonwang mo matsheng a mangwe.<ref>Nishida, M (1991). "Lake Tanganyika as an evolutionary reservoir of old lineages of East African cichlid fishes: Inferences from allozyme data". ''Experientia''. '''47''' (9): 974–979. doi[[doi:10.1007/bf01929896|:10.1007/bf01929896.]] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37599331 37599331.]</ref> Tanganyika e na le palo e kgolo [[:en:Endemism|go feta tsotlhe]] ya [[:en:Genera|genera]] tsa cichlid tse di fitlhelwang fela mo letsheng leo, fa di bapisiwa le matsha a mangwe otlhe a Afrika.<ref name=":6" /> Ditlhapi tsotlhe tsa cichlid tsa Tanganyika di wela mo setlhopheng sa baeloji se se bidiwang [[:en:Pseudocrenilabrinae|Pseudocrenilabrinae.]] Mo [[:en:Tribe_(biology)|ditlhopheng]] tse di lesome tse di leng mo Pseudocrenilabrinae sephatlo sa tsone di fitlhelwa fela kgotsa segolobogolo mo Tanganyika: [[:en:Cyprichromini|Cyprichromini]], [[:en:Ectodini|Ectodini,]] [[:en:Lamprologini|Lamprologini]], [[:en:Limnochromini|Limnochromini]] le [[:en:Tropheini|Tropheini]] fa tse dingwe tse tharo di na le mefuta e e fitlhelwang mo letsheng: [[:en:Haplochromini|Haplochromini,]] [[:en:Tilapiini|Tilapiini]] le [[:en:Tylochromini|Tylochromini]].<ref>Sparks; Smith (2004). "Phylogeny and biogeography of cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae)". ''Cladistics''. '''20''' (6): 501–517. [[:en:CiteSeerX_(identifier)|CiteSeerX]] [https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.595.2118 10.1.1.595.2118]. doi:[[doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00038.x|10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00038.x.]] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892958 34892958]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:36086310 36086310].</ref> Baitseanape bangwe ba ba ithutang ka ditlhapi ba akantshitse gore ditlhapi tsa cichlid tsa Tanganyika di tshwanetse go kgaoganngwa ka botlalo go nna ditlhopha tse di ka nnang 12 go ya go 16, go akaretsa: [[:en:Bathybatini|Bathybatini,]][[:en:Benthochromini|Benthochromini]],[[:en:Boulengerochromini|Boulengerochromini,]] [[:en:Cyphotilapiini|Cyphotilapiini,]] [[:en:Eretmodini|Eretmodini]],[[:en:Greenwoodochromini|Greenwoodochromini,]] [[:en:Perissodini|Perissodini]] le [[:en:Trematocarini|Trematocarini]] mmogo le ditlhopha tse di setseng tse di umakilweng fa godimo.<ref name=":6" /> Bontsi jwa ditlhapi tsa cichlid tsa Lake Tanganyika di nna gaufi le lotshitshi lwa letsha mo boteng jo bo fitlhang go dimetara di le 100. Le fa go ntse jalo, mefuta mengwe e e nnang mo metsing a a boteng e kgona go fologela mo boteng jwa dimetara di le 200 ka gale.<ref name=":7">Kirchberger; Sefc; Sturmbauer; Koblmuller (2012). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362839 "Evolutionary History of Lake Tanganyika's Predatory Deepwater Cichlids"]. ''International Journal of Evolutionary Biology''. '''2012''' 716209. doi[[doi:10.1155/2012/716209|:10.1155/2012/716209.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362839 3362839]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22675652 22675652.]</ref> Mefuta ya [[:en:Trematocara|Trematocara]] yone e fitlhetswe mo boteng jo bo fetang dimetara di le 300, jo bo leng boteng go feta jwa cichlid efe kgotsa efe e e itsiweng mo lefatsheng.<ref>Loiselle, Paul (1994). The Cichlid Aquarium, p. 304. Tetra Press, Germany. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1564651464|<bdi>978-1564651464</bdi>.]]</ref> Mefuta mengwe ya ditlhapi tsa metsi a a boteng, jaaka [[:en:Bathybates|Bathybates]], [[:en:Gnathochromis|Gnathochromis]], [[:en:Hemibates|Hemibates]] le [[:en:Xenochromis|Xenochromis]] e kile ya tshwarwa mo mafelong a a batlang a sena oksijene gotlhelele, mme baitseanape ga ba ise ba tlhaloganye sentle gore di kgona jang go tshela mo maemong ao.<ref name=":8">Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (1987). Ecological Studies in Tropical Fish Communities. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-521-28064-8|<bdi>0-521-28064-8</bdi>.]]</ref> Bontsi jwa cichlid tsa Tanganyika ke tsa [[:en:Benthic|botlaseng jwa letsha]], kgotsa di nna gaufi le mabopo.<ref>Lindqvist, O.V.; H. Mölsä; K. Solonen; J. Sarvala, editors (1999). From Limnology to Fisheries: Lake Tanganyika and Other Large Lakes. pp. 213–214. Springer. ISBN 978-0792360179</ref> Ga go na cichlid e e tshelang [[:en:Pelagic|ka botlalo mo metsing a a bulegileng]] kgakala le lotshitshi, ntle le mefuta mengwe ya Bathybates<ref name=":7" /> [[:en:Piscivorous|e e jang ditlhapi tse dingwe]]. Mefuta e mebedi e, [[:en:Bathybates_fasciatus|Bathybates fasciatus]] le [[:en:Bathybates_leo|Bathybates leo]] dija thata [[:en:Tanganyika_sardine|ditlhapi tsa sardine tsa Tanganyika]].<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /> Ditlhapi tsa cichlid tsa Tanganyika di farologane thata ka [[:en:Ecology|tsela e di iphedisang ka yone]]. Go na le mefuta [[:en:Herbivore|e e]] [[:en:Herbivore|jang dimela]], [[:en:Detritivore|e e jang matlakala le dilo tse di bolang mo metsing]], [[:en:Planktivore|e e jang plankton]], [[:en:Insectivore|e e jang ditshenekegi]], [[:en:Molluscivore|e e jang dikgapetla tsa metsing]], [[:en:Scavenger|e e jang ditopo tsa diphologolo tse di suleng]], [[:en:Scale-eater|e e jang makwaga a ditlhapi tse dingwe]] le e e jang ditlhapi tse dingwe.<ref name=":9">Craig Mortiff (24 December 2009). [https://www.cichlid-forum.com/threads/lake-tanganyika-and-its-diverse-cichlids.456196/ "Lake Tanganyika and its Diverse Cichlids"]. ''Cichlid Fish Forum''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162711/https://www.cichlid-forum.com/threads/lake-tanganyika-and-its-diverse-cichlids.456196/ Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> Le fa mefuta mengwe e na le dijo tse e di ratang thata, baitseanape ba lemogile gore e ka fetola mekgwa ya yone ya go ja [[:en:Opportunism|fa dijo dingwe di nna dintsi thata]].<ref>Golcher-Benavides J, Wagner CE (2019). "Playing out Liem's Paradox: Opportunistic Piscivory across Lake Tanganyikan Cichlids". ''The American Naturalist''. '''194''' (2): 260–267. doi:[[doi:10.1086/704169|10.1086/704169]]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31318283 31318283.] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155438716 155438716.]</ref> Sekai, mefuta e mentsi e ka simolola go ja [[:en:Stolothrissa_tanganicae|Stolothrissa tanganicae]] le [[:en:Limnothrissa_miodon|Limnothrissa miodon]] fa ditlhapi tseno di nna dintsi mo letsheng. Mekgwa ya tsalo ya cichlid e kgaogana ka ditlhopha tse pedi tse dikgolo: Tse di beelang mae mo lefatsheng kgotsa mo motlhabeng (gantsi mo magageng kgotsa mo diphateng tsa maje) le [[:en:Mouthbrooder|tse di godisang mae mo molomong]].<ref name=":10">Schliewen, U. (1992). Aquarium Fish. Barron's Educational Series. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0812013504|<bdi>978-0812013504</bdi>.]]</ref> Mo mefuteng e e fitlhelwang fela mo Tanganyika go na le dingwe tsa ditlhapi tsa cichlid tse dinnye go feta tsotlhe mo lefatsheng, [[:en:Neolamprologus_multifasciatus|Neolamprologus multifasciatus]] le [[:en:Neolamprologus_similis|Neolamprologus similis]] (tse tsotlhe [[:en:Shell_dweller|di nnang mo dikgapetleng tsa dikgopa]]), mme boleele jwa tsone bo fitlha fela mo e ka nnang 4–5 cm.<ref>[[:en:Rainer_Froese|Froese, Rainer]]; [[:en:Daniel_Pauly|Pauly, Daniel]] (eds.). [https://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Neolamprologus&speciesname=multifasciatus "''Neolamprologus multifasciatus''".] [[:en:FishBase|''FishBase''.]] March 2017 version.</ref><ref>[[:en:Rainer_Froese|Froese, Rainer;]] [[:en:Daniel_Pauly|Pauly, Daniel]] (eds.). [https://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Neolamprologus&speciesname=similis "''Neolamprologus similis''".] ''[[:en:FishBase|FishBase]]''. March 2017 version.</ref> Go na gape le nngwe ya [[:en:Giant_cichlid|cichlid tse dikgolo]] go feta tsotlhe mo lefatsheng e leng Boulengerochromis microlepis e e ka golang go fitlha mo e ka nnang 90 cm ka boleele.<ref name=":9" /><ref>[http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/features/articles/the-10-biggest-cichlids "The 10 biggest cichlids".] Practical Fishkeeping. 13 June 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170320052647/http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/features/articles/the-10-biggest-cichlids Archived] from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.</ref> Mefuta e mentsi ya ditlhapi tsa cichlid tse di tswang mo Lake Tanganyika e tumile thata mo bathong ba ba godisang ditlhapi mo ditankeng tsa metsi. Tse di akaretsa: [[:en:Altolamprologus|Altolamprologus,]] [[:en:Cyprichromis|Cyprichromis]], [[:en:Eretmodus|Eretmodus]], [[:en:Julidochromis|Julidochromis]], [[:en:Lamprologus|Lamprologus]], [[:en:Neolamprologus|Neolamprologus]], [[:en:Tropheus|Tropheus]] le [[:en:Xenotilapia|Xenotilapia]]. Ditlhapi tseno di ratwa ka ntlha ya mebala ya tsone e e ntle, mekgabiso le dipaterone tsa tsone tse di kgatlhang, le mekgwa ya tsone ya boitshwaro e e kgatlhang go e lebelela.<ref name=":10" /> Mo lefatsheng la go godisa ditlhapi mo ditankeng, batho ba le bantsi gape ba rata go aga [[:en:Biotope|setshwano sa diatla]] sa Letsha la Tanganyika, gore e tshwane ka mo go ka kgonegang ka teng le tikologo ya tlholego ya letsha leno, mo go fitlhelwang mefuta e mentsi ya ditlhapi segompienong di kgona go tsadisiwa sentle mo botshwarong.<ref name=":10" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120302102920/http://www.aquariumslife.com/featured/lake-tanganyika-biotope/ "tanganyika biotope aquarium".] Aquariums Life. 10 February 2010. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2014.</ref> '''Ditlhopha tsa cichlid mo Letsheng la Tanganyika''' [[:en:Bathybatini|Bathybatini]] (E): [[:en:Bathybates_ferox|Bathybates ferox]] ke tlhapi e e nnang thata [[:en:Benthic|gaufi le botlase jwa letsha]] mme [[:en:Piscivorous|e ja ditlhapi tse dingwe]]. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo setlhopheng sa Bathybates go na le mefuta e mengwe e e tshelang mo metsing a a bulegileng kgakala le lotshitshi.<ref>Kirchberger; Sefc; Sturmbauer; Koblmuller (2012). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362839 "Evolutionary History of Lake Tanganyika's Predatory Deepwater Cichlids".] ''International Journal of Evolutionary Biology''. '''2012''' 716209. doi:[[doi:10.1155/2012/716209|10.1155/2012/716209.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362839 3362839]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22675652 22675652.]</ref> Baitseanape bangwe ba kgaoganya setlhopha sa Bathybatini ka ditlhopha tse tharo tse di ikemetseng e leng Bathybatini, [[:en:Hemibatini|Hemibatini]] le [[:en:Trematocarini|Trematocarini.]]<ref>Meyer; Matchiner; Salburger (2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4415804 "Lake Tanganyika—A 'Melting Pot' of Ancient and Young Cichlid Lineages (Teleostei: Cichlidae)?".] ''PLOS ONE''. '''10''' (7) e0125043. Bibcode[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PLoSO..1025043W :2015PLoSO..1025043W.] doi:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125043|10.1371/journal.pone.0125043.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4415804 4415804.] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25928886 25928886.]</ref><ref>Weiss; Cotterill; Schliewen (2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 "A tribal level phylogeny of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes based on a genomic multi-marker approach".] ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution''. '''83''': 56–71. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009|10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 4334724]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25433288 25433288.]</ref> [[:en:Benthochromini|Benthochromini]] (E): [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benthochromis_horii&action=edit&redlink=1 Benthochromis horii] e ne ya tlhalosiwa semmuso ke baitseanape ba saense ka ngwaga wa 2008. Le fa go ntse jalo, pele ga moo tlhapi eno e ne e gantsi e tsewa ka phoso e le [[:en:Benthochromis_tricoti|Benthochromis tricoti.]]<ref>Takahashi, T. (2008). "Description of a new cichlid fish species of the genus Benthochromis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika". ''Journal of Fish Biology''. '''72''' (3): 603–613. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JFBio..72..603T 2008JFBio..72..603T.] doi:[[doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01727.x|10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01727.x.]]</ref> [[:en:Boulengerochromini|Boulengerochromini]] (E): [[:en:Boulengerochromis_microlepis|Boulengerochromis microlepis]] ke nngwe ya ditlhapi tsa cichlid<ref>[http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/features/articles/the-10-biggest-cichlids "The 10 biggest cichlids".] Practical Fishkeeping. 13 June 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170320052647/http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/features/articles/the-10-biggest-cichlids Archived] from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.</ref> tse dikgolo go feta tsotlhe mo lefatsheng gape ke yone fela mofuta o o leng mo setlhopheng sa Boulengerochromini.<ref>Weiss; Cotterill; Schliewen (2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 "A tribal level phylogeny of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes based on a genomic multi-marker approach".] ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution''. '''83''': 56–71.</ref> [[:en:Cyphotilapiini|Cyphotilapiini]] (E): [[:en:Cyphotilapia_frontosa|Cyphotilapia frontosa]] ke nngwe ya mefuta e mebedi fela e e tshwanang e e leng mo [[:en:Tribe_(biology)|setlhopheng]]<ref>Takahashi, T.; Nakaya, K. (2003). "New species of Cyphotilapia (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika, Africa". ''Copeia''. '''2003''' (4): 824–832. doi:[[doi:10.1643/ia03-148.1|10.1643/ia03-148.1]]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:83854866 83854866.]</ref> seno. [[:en:Cyprichromini|Cyprichromini]] (E): [[:en:Cyprichromis_microlepidotus|Cyprichromis microlepidotus]] le mefuta e mengwe ya setlhopha seno di tshela mo metsing a a bulegileng a letsha gape [[:en:Planktivore|dija thata plankton.]]<ref>Bigirimana, C. (2006). [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/60487/12363286 "''Cyprichromis microlepidotus''".] [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|''IUCN Red List of Threatened Species''.]] '''2006''' e.T60487A12363286. doi[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60487A12363286.en|:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60487A12363286.en.]] Retrieved 13 November 2021.</ref><ref>Smith, M.P. (1998). Lake Tanganyikan Cichlids, pp. 9–10. ISBN 0-7641-0615-5</ref> [[:en:Ectodini|Ectodini]] (E): [[:en:Ophthalmotilapia_nasuta|Ophthalmotilapia nasuta]] e bontsha [[:en:Sexually_dimorphic|sexual dimorphism]], ke gore e namagadi le e tonanyana ga di tshwane ka ponalo. Mo mofuteng ono ditonanyana di na le mebala e e phatsimang le e e kgatlhang go feta, di na le maphego a maleele go feta gape di na le nko<ref>[https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/ophthalmotilapia-nasuta/ "Ophthalmotilapia nasuta"]. ''Seriously Fish''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162708/https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/ophthalmotilapia-nasuta/ Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> kgotsa sebopego sa tlhogo se se leele go feta sa tse namagadi. [[:en:Eretmodini|Eretmodini]] (E): [[:en:Eretmodus_cyanostictus|Eretmodus cyanostictus]] e nna gaufi le botlase jwa letsha mo mafelong a lotshitshi a a nang le makhubu le [[:en:Surf_zone|metsi a a tsamayang ka maatla]],<ref name=":11">[[:en:Rainer_Froese|Froese, Rainer]]; [[:en:Daniel_Pauly|Pauly, Daniel]] (eds.). [https://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Eretmodus&speciesname=cyanostictus "''Eretmodus cyanostictus''".] ''FishBase''. April 2017 version.</ref> jaaka mefuta e mengwe yotlhe ya setlhopha sa yone.<ref>Smith, M.P. (1998). Lake Tanganyikan Cichlids, pp. 9–10. ISBN 0-7641-0615-5</ref> [[:en:Haplochromini|Haplochromini]]: [[:en:Astatotilapia_burtoni|Astatotilapia burtoni]] ke nngwe ya mefuta e mmalwa fela ya setlhopha<ref>[https://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=4 "Species in the Tanganyika".] ''www.fishbase.se'' (table). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162720/https://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=4 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> seno e e fitlhelwang mo Letsheng la Tanganyika. Seno se farologane le se se diragalang mo [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|matsheng a mangwe a magolo a Afrika,]] jaaka Lake Malawi le Lake Victoria, kwa bontsi jwa cichlid bo leng mo setlhopheng sa Haplochromini.<ref>Lowe-McConnell, R (2009). "Fisheries and cichlid evolution in the African Great Lakes: progress and problems". ''Freshwater Reviews''. '''2''' (2): 131–151. doi:[[doi:10.1608/frj-2.2.2|10.1608/frj-2.2.2]]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54011001 54011001.]</ref> [[:en:Lamprologini|Lamprologini]] (E): [[:en:Julidochromis_marlieri|Julidochromis marlieri]] ke tlhapi e e tumileng thata mo kgwebong ya [[:en:Aquarium|ditlhapi tsa ditanka]] kwa batho ba ba godisang ditlhapi gantsi ba bitsa mefuta ya setlhopha sa Julidochromis ka leina la khutshwafatso la “Julies.”<ref>[https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/julidochromis-marlieri/ "Julidochromis marlieri (Marlier's Julie)".] ''Seriously Fish''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162711/https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/julidochromis-marlieri/ Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> [[:en:Limnochromini|Limnochromini]] (E): [[:en:Gnathochromis_permaxillaris|Gnathochromis permaxillaris]] ke tlhapi [[:en:Planktivore|e e jang]] [[:en:Planktivore|ditshedinyana tse dinnye tse di phaphamalang mo metsing.]] E na le molomo o o sa tlwaelegang o o kgonang go otlologa kgotsa go sutela kwa ntle.<ref>Bigirimana, C. (2006)[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/60493/12364587 . "''Gnathochromis permaxillaris''"]. [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|''IUCN Red List of Threatened Species''.]] '''2006''' e.T60493A12364587. doi:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60493A12364587.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60493A12364587.en.]] Retrieved 13 November 2021.</ref> [[:en:Perissodini|Perissodini]] (E): [[:en:Perissodus_microlepis|Perissodus microlepis]] ke tlhapi e e ikgethileng ka gonne [[:en:Scale-eating|e ja makwaga]] [[:en:Scale-eating|a ditlhapi tse dingwe]].<ref>Stewart, T.A.; Albertson, R.C. (2010). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2828976 "Evolution of a unique predatory feeding apparatus: functional anatomy, development and a genetic locus for jaw laterality in Lake Tanganyika scale-eating cichlids".] ''BMC Biology''. '''8''' (1): 8. doi:[[doi:10.1186/1741-7007-8-8|10.1186/1741-7007-8-8.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2828976 2828976]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20102595 20102595.]</ref> [[:en:Tilapiini|Tilapiini:]] [[:en:Oreochromis_tanganicae|Oreochromis tanganicae]] ke nngwe ya ditlhapi tse di tlwaelegileng thata mo mabopong a Letsha la Tanganyika gape gantsi e fitlhelwa mo [[:en:Fish_market|mebarakeng ya ditlhapi ya mo lefelong leo.]]<ref>Ntakimazi, G. (2006). [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/60625/12387918 "''Oreochromis tanganicae''"]. ''[[:en:IUCN_Red_List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]''. '''2006''' e.T60625A12387918. doi:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60625A12387918.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60625A12387918.en.]] Retrieved 13 November 2021.</ref> [[:en:Tropheini|Tropheini]] (E): [[:en:Tropheus_moorii|Tropheus moorii]] (segolobogolo mofuta wa “red Chimba [[:en:Polymorphism_(biology)|morph]]”) e bontsha pharologano e kgolo mo mebaleng le mo popegelong ya mmele. Ka ntlha ya pharologano eno, baitseanape bangwe ba belaela gore dingwe tsa morphs tse di tsewang jaaka karolo ya [[:en:Taxonomy_(biology)|mofuta o le mongwe]] di ka nna tsa bo e le mefuta e e farologaneng.<ref>Begon, M.; and A.H. Fitter (1995). Advances in Ecological Research, vol. 26, p. 203. ISBN 0-12-013926-X</ref><ref>Salzburger; Niederstätter; Brandstätter; Berger; Parson; Snoeks; Sturmbauer (2006). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1560039 "Colour-assortative mating among populations of Tropheus moorii, a cichlid fish from Lake Tanganyika, East Africa"]. ''Proc Biol Sci''. '''273''' (1584): 257–266. doi:[[doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3321|10.1098/rspb.2005.3321.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1560039 1560039.] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16543167 16543167.]</ref><ref>Robert Toman (2017)[https://web.archive.org/web/20210919232102/http://www.cichlidworld.eu/clanky/evolucia_tropheus_e.htm . "Tropheus Genus Evolution"]. ''Cichlid World''. Archived from [http://www.cichlidworld.eu/clanky/evolucia_tropheus_e.htm the original] on 19 September 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> '''Ditlhapi tse dingwe''' Lamprichthys tanganicanus, e e bidiwang [[:en:Tanganyika_killifish|Tanganyika killifish]], ke yone fela mofuta mo setlhopheng sa yone.<ref name=":11" /> Letsha la Tanganyika le na le mefuta e e fetang 80 ya ditlhapi tse e seng tsa cichlid, mme mo e ka nnang 60% ya tsone di fitlhelwa fela mo letsheng leno.<ref>Wright, J.J.; and L.M. Page (2006). Taxonomic revision of Lake Tanganyikan Synodontis (Siluriformes: Mochokidae). Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 46(4): 99–154.</ref><ref>Kelly West (28 February 2001). [https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 "Results and Experiences of the UNDP/GEF Conservation Initiative (RAF/92/G32) in Burundi, D.R. Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia".] ''IW:LEARN | Documents''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162707/https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref><ref>Brown; Britz; Bills; Rüber; Day (2011). "Pectoral fin loss in the Mastacembelidae: a new species from Lake Tanganyika". ''Journal of Zoology''. '''284''' (4): 286–293. doi:[[doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00804.x|10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00804.x.]]</ref><ref>Wright, J.J.; Bailey, R.M. (2012). [https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91200/1/j.1096-3642.2011.00789.x.pdf "Systematic revision of the formerly monotypic genus Tanganikallabes (Siluriformes: Clariidae)"] (PDF). ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society''. '''165''' (1): 121–142. doi:[[doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00789.x|10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00789.x.]]</ref> Metsi a a bulegileng a letsha a laolwa ke mefuta e le mene e megolo ya ditlhapi tse e seng cichlid. Tse pedi tsa tsone ke [[:en:Limnothrissa_miodon|Limnothrissa miodon]] le [[:en:Stolothrissa_tanganicae|Stolothrissa tanganicae]] tse tsotlhe di bidiwa “Tanganyika sardines.” Ditlhapi tseno di dira [[:en:Biomass|karolo e kgolo]] go feta tsotlhe ya boima jwa ditlhapi mo metsing a a bulegileng, mme di botlhokwa thata jaaka dijo tsa [[:en:Forktail_lates|Lates microlepis]] le [[:en:Sleek_lates|Lates stappersii.]]<ref name=":12">Lindqvist, O.V.; H. Mölsä; K. Solonen; J. Sarvala, editors (1999). From Limnology to Fisheries: Lake Tanganyika and Other Large Lakes. pp. 213–214. Springer. ISBN 978-0792360179</ref> Go na le gape mefuta e mengwe e mebedi ya Lates mo letsheng, [[:en:Tanganyika_lates|Lates angustifrons]] le [[:en:Bigeye_lates|Lates mariae]] mme mefuta eno e mentsi e tsoma thata gaufi le botlase jwa letsha, le fa ka dinako dingwe e ka tsena mo metsing a a bulegileng.<ref name=":12" /> Mefuta yotlhe e mene ya Lates e fitlhelwa fela mo Letsheng la Tanganyika. Le fa go ntse jalo, e tshwerwe thata ke batshwari ba ditlhapi mo dingwageng tse dintsi , mme ka ntlha ya seno ditlhapi tse dikgolo tsa mefuta eno ga di tlhole di bonwa gantsi jaaka pele.<ref name=":12" /> Mo ditlhaping tse di sa tlwaelegang tse di fitlhelwang mo Letsheng la Tanganyika go na le ditlhapi tsa catfish tse di fitlhelwang fela mo letsheng leno mme di dirisa [[:en:Brood_parasitic|mokgwa o o sa tlwaelegang wa tsalo]], o [[:en:Facultative_parasite|o tshwanang le wa nonyane ya cuckoo]]. Tseno di akaretsa [[:en:Synodontis_grandiops|Synodontis grandiops]] le [[:en:Synodontis_multipunctatus|Synodontis multipunctatus]].<ref name=":13">Wright, J.J.; and L.M. Page (2006). Taxonomic revision of Lake Tanganyikan Synodontis (Siluriformes: Mochokidae). Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 46(4): 99–154.</ref><ref name=":14">Schliewen, U. (1992). Aquarium Fish. Barron's Educational Series. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0812013504|<bdi>978-0812013504</bdi>.]]</ref> Tse dingwe tsa go nna le setshwano e leng [[:en:Synodontis_lucipinnis|S.lucipinnis]] le [[:en:Synodontis_petricola|S.petricola]] di eta di nna lego tlhakatlhakangwa, gosa tlhalosege sentle gore a dina le boitshwaro jo bo tshwanang.<ref name=":13" /><ref>[https://www.planetcatfish.com/common/species.php?task=&species_id=103 "Synodontis lucipinnis • Mochokidae"]. ''www.planetcatfish.com''. 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170401232507/https://www.planetcatfish.com/common/species.php?task=&species_id=103 Archived] from the original on 1 April 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2023. </ref> Ditlhapi tseno di dira gore mefuta e mengwe e gole bana ba tsone. Di beela mae ka nako e e tshwanang le ditlhapi tsa cichlid tse di godisang mae mo melomong ya tsone, Cichlid e phutha mae ao ka molomo, e akanya gore ke a yone. Fa mae a catfish a phatloga, bana ba catfish ba simolola go ja mae kgotsa bana ba cichlid ba ba mo molomong oo.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":14" /> Ditlhopha tsotlhe tse di latelang di fitlhelwa fela mo mokgatšheng wa Letsha la Tanganyika: [[:en:Bathybagrus|Bathybagrus]], [[:en:Dinotopterus|Dinotopterus]], [[:en:Lophiobagrus|Lophiobagrus]], [[:en:Phyllonemus|Phyllonemus]], [[:en:Pseudotanganikallabes|Pseudotanganikallabes]] le [[:en:Tanganikallabes|Tanganikallabes.]]<ref name=":15">[https://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=4 "Species in the Tanganyika".] ''www.fishbase.se'' (table). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162720/https://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=4 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref><ref>Wright, J.J. (2017). "A new diminutive genus and species of catfish from Lake Tanganyika (Siluriformes: Clariidae)". ''J Fish Biol''. '''91''' (3): 789–805. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JFBio..91..789W 2017JFBio..91..789W.] doi:[[doi:10.1111/jfb.13374|10.1111/jfb.13374.]] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28744868 28744868.]</ref> Le fa ditlhapi tsa mofuta wa [[:en:Chrysichthys|Chrysichthys]] di fitlhelwa le mo mafelong a mangwe, mefuta e le thataro ya tsone e fitlhelwa fela mo mokgatšheng wa Tanganyika. Ditlhapi tseno di tshela mo metsing a a seng boteng le mo a a boteng thata.<ref name=":15" /> Mo mafelong a a boteng, ke dingwe tsa dibatana tse dikgolo<ref>Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (1987). Ecological Studies in Tropical Fish Communities. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-521-28064-8|<bdi>0-521-28064-8</bdi>.]]</ref> le basweuledi ba ba botlhokwa mo tsamaisong ya tikologo ya letsha. Letsha le gape le na le mongwe wa mehlala e e kgatlhang ya [[:en:Evolutionary_radiation|evolutionary radiation]] (go anamela ga mefuta go tswa mo motsweding o le mongwe). Go na le mefuta e le 15 ya [[:en:Mastacembelus|Mastacembelus]] mme tsotlhe ntle le o le mongwe di fitlhelwa fela mo mokgatšheng wa Letsha la Tanganyika.<ref>Brown; Britz; Bills; Rüber; Day (2011). "Pectoral fin loss in the Mastacembelidae: a new species from Lake Tanganyika". ''Journal of Zoology''. '''284''' (4): 286–293. doi:[[doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00804.x|10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00804.x.]]</ref><ref name=":16">Brown; Rüber; Bills; Day (2010). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2903574 "Mastacembelid eels support Lake Tanganyika as an evolutionary hotspot of diversification".] ''BMC Evolutionary Biology''. '''10''' 188. doi:[[doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-188|10.1186/1471-2148-10-188.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2903574 2903574]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20565906 20565906.]</ref> Le fa matsha a mangwe a magolo a Afrika le one a na le, ditlhapi tsa Synodontis, catfish tse di fitlhelwang fela mo lefelong leo le di-spiny eel tsa Mastacembelus, pharologano e kgolo ya mefuta eno e e bonwang mo Lake Tanganyika ga e tshwanwe le ya letsha lepe le lengwe. Baitseanape ba dumela gore seno se bakilwe ke bogologolo jo bogolo jwa letsha leno.<ref name=":16" /> Mo ditlhaping tse di sa fitlhelweng fela mo Lake Tanganyika, dingwe di anametse mo dikarolong tse dintsi tsa Afrika mme dingwe di fitlhelwa fela mo Letsheng la Tanganyika le mo mekgatšheng ya dinoka tsa Malagarasi le Congo, tse di akaretsang: Polypterus congicus ([[:en:Congo_bichir|Congo bichir]]), [[:en:Goliath_tigerfish|Hydrocynus goliath]], [[:en:Citharinus|Citharinus]] citharus, [[:en:Six-banded_distichodus|Distichodus sexfasciatus]] le [[:en:Mbu_puffer|Tetraodon mbu]].<ref>[https://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=4 "Species in the Tanganyika"]. ''www.fishbase.se'' (table). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162720/https://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=4 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> '''Dikgopa le dikgapetla tsa metsi''' Go fitlhetswe mefuta e le 83 ya [[:en:Freshwater_snail|dikgopa tsa metsi a a foreshe]], mme 65 ya tsone ke tsedi fitlhelwang mo letsheng le fela, le mefuta e le 11 ya [[:en:Bivalve|dikgapetla tse di nang le dikarolo tse pedi]] , mme 8 ya tsone e le e e fitlhelwang mo letsheng le fela le tsona.<ref>Seddon, M.; Appleton, C.; Van Damme, D.; Graf, D. (2011). Darwall, W.; Smith, K.; Allen, D.; Holland, R.; Harrison, I.; Brooks, E. (eds.). ''Freshwater molluscs of Africa: diversity, distribution, and conservation''. IUCN. pp. 92–119. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-1345-8|<bdi>978-2-8317-1345-8</bdi>.]]</ref> Mo dikgapetleng tseno go na le ditlhopha tse tharo tse mongwe le mongwe wa tsone o nang le [[:en:Monotypic|mofuta o le mongwe fela]]: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grandidieria_burtoni&action=edit&redlink=1 Grandidieria burtoni,] [[:en:Pseudospatha_tanganyicensis|Pseudospatha tanganyicensis]] le [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazzaea_anceyi&action=edit&redlink=1 Brazzaea anceyi]<ref name=":17">Brown, D. (1994). ''Freshwater Snails Of Africa And Their Medical Importance.'' 2nd edition. ISBN 0-7484-0026-5</ref>. Dikgopa tse dintsi tsa Tanganyika ga dia tlwaelesega ka gore dikgapetla tsa tsone di tenya thata, di na le mekgabiso kgotsa [[:en:Sculpture_(mollusc)|methalo]] e e bonalang sentle mo dikgapetleng. Dikarolo tseno gantsi di bonwa mo dikgopeng tsa lewatle, e seng mo dikgopeng tsa metsi a a foreshe. Ka ntlha ya seno, dikgopa tseno di bidiwa thalassoids, e leng lefoko le le ka rayang “tse di tshwanang le tsa lewatle.”<ref name=":17" /> Di thalassoids tsotlhe tsa Tanganyika tse di amanang gape le [[:en:Prosobranchia|Prosobranchia]], di bonwa mo letsheng le fela.<ref name=":17" /> Baitseanape ba ne ba kile ba akanya gore dikgopa tseno di amana le dikgopa tsa lewatle tse di tshwanang le tsone mme gompieno go itsiwe gore ga di amane. Ponalo ya tsone e tshwanetse ya bo e bakilwe ke mafelo a a farologaneng thata mo Letsheng la Tanganyika, le [[:en:Evolutionary_pressure|kgatelelo ya tlholego]] e e tswang mo dibataneng tse di jang dikgopa, segolobogolo makhala a [[:en:Platythelphusa|Platythelphusa.]]<ref>Kelly West (28 February 2001). [https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 "Results and Experiences of the UNDP/GEF Conservation Initiative (RAF/92/G32) in Burundi, D.R. Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia]". ''IW:LEARN | Documents''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162707/https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref><ref name=":17" /><ref>West, K.; Cohen, A. (1996). "Shell microstructure of gastropods from Lake Tanganyika, Africa: adaptation, convergent evolution, and escalation". ''Evolution''. '''50''' (2): 672–682. doi:[[doi:10.2307/2410840|10.2307/2410840.]] JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2410840 2410840]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28568935 28568935.]</ref> Go na le ditlhopha di le 17 tsa dikgopa tse di fitlhelwang fela mo Tanganyika, go akaretsa [[:en:Hirthia|Hirthia]], [[:en:Lavigeria|Lavigeria]], [[:en:Paramelania|Paramelania]], [[:en:Reymondia|Reymondia]], [[:en:Spekia|Spekia,]] [[:en:Stanleya_neritinoides|Stanleya]], [[:en:Tanganyicia|Tanganyicia]] le [[:en:Tiphobia|Tiphobia]].<ref name=":17" /> Go na le mefuta e ka nnang 30 ya dikgopa tse e seng thalassoid mo letsheng mme mo go tseno, ke 5 fela tse di endemic, go akaretsa [[:en:Ferrissia_tanganyicensis|Ferrissia tanganyicensis]] le [[:en:Neothauma_tanganyicense|Neothauma tanganyicense]].<ref name=":17" /> Neothauma tanganyicense ke yone kgopa e kgolo go tsotlhe mo Letsheng la Tanganyika e bile dikgapetla tsa yone tse di se nang sepe fa kgopa e sena go swa gantsi di dirisiwa e le mafelo a bonno kgotsa mafelo a go beela mae ke ditlhapi tse dinnye tsa [[:en:Shell_dwellers|cichlid tse di nnang mo dikgapetleng]].<ref>Koblmüller; Duftner; Sefc; Aibara; Stipacek; Blanc; Egger; Sturmbauer (2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790888 "Reticulate phylogeny of gastropod-shell-breeding cichlids from Lake Tanganyika — the result of repeated introgressive hybridization"]. ''BMC Evolutionary Biology''. '''7''' 7. doi:[[doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-7|10.1186/1471-2148-7-7.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790888 1790888.] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17254340 17254340.]</ref> Dikokonyana tsa metsi tse di nang le dikgapetla tse di thata le tsone di farologane thata. Go itsege mefuta e e fetang 200, mme e feta halofo ya yone e fitlhelwa fela mo letsheng leno.<ref>Kelly West (28 February 2001). [https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 "Results and Experiences of the UNDP/GEF Conservation Initiative (RAF/92/G32) in Burundi, D.R. Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia".] ''IW:LEARN | Documents''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162707/https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> Tseno di akaretsa [[:en:Freshwater_crab|makhala a metsi a a foreshe]] go bo go nna le mefuta e le 10, e e akaretsang: Platythelphusa (mefuta e le 9) le [[:en:Potamonautes_platynotus|Potamonautes platynotus]]<ref>Marijnissen; Michel; Daniels; Erpenbeck; Menken; Schram (2006). "Molecular evidence for recent divergence of Lake Tanganyika endemic crabs (Decapoda: Platythelphusidae)". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution''. '''40''' (2): 628–634. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.025|10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.025.]] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16647274 16647274.]</ref> mme tsotlhe tse di fitlhelwa fela mo letsheng le. Go na le bonnye mefuta e le 11 ya di-shrimp tse dinnye tsa mofuta wa [[:en:Atyidae|atyid]], go akaretsa [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atyella&action=edit&redlink=1 Atyella], [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caridella&action=edit&redlink=1 Caridella,] [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Limnocaridina&action=edit&redlink=1 Limnocaridina]<ref>Fryer, G (2006). "Evolution in ancient lakes: radiation of Tanganyikan atyid prawns and speciation of pelagic cichlid fishes in Lake Malawi". ''Hydrobiologia''. '''568''' (1): 131–142. doi:[[doi:10.1007/s10750-006-0322-x|10.1007/s10750-006-0322-x.]] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:44127332 44127332.]</ref> le [[:en:Palaemonidae|macrobrachium]] moorei<ref>De Grave, S. (2013). [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/196882/2477768 "''Macrobrachium moorei''".] [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|''IUCN Red List of Threatened Species''.]] '''2013''' e.T196882A2477768. doi:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T196882A2477768.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T196882A2477768.en.]] Retrieved 13 November 2021.</ref> e leng mofuta wa shrimp o o fitlhelwang fela mo letsheng leno. Go boa gape go nna le mefuta e ka nnang 100 ya [[:en:Ostracod|Ostracoda]]<ref>Martens; Schön; Meisch; Horne (2008). "Global diversity of ostracods (Ostracoda, Crustacea) in freshwater". ''Hydrobiologia''. '''595''': 185–193. doi:[[doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9245-4|10.1007/s10750-007-9245-4.]] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207150861 207150861.]</ref> mme bontsi jwa yone ke endemic.<ref>Gitter, F.; Gross, M.; Piller, W.E. (2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4406499 "Sub-Decadal Resolution in Sediments of Late Miocene Lake Pannon Reveals Speciation of Cyprideis (Crustacea, Ostracoda)".] ''PLOS ONE''. '''10''' (4) e0109360. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PLoSO..1009360G 2015PLoSO..1009360G.] doi:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109360|10.1371/journal.pone.0109360.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4406499 4406499]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25902063 25902063.]</ref><ref>Schön, I.; Martens, K. (2012). "Molecular analyses of ostracod flocks from Lake Baikal and Lake Tanganyika". ''Hydrobiologia''. '''682''' (1): 91–110. doi:[[doi:10.1007/s10750-011-0935-6|10.1007/s10750-011-0935-6]]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14831643 14831643.]</ref> Go na le gape mefuta e mmalwa ya [[:en:Copepod|Copepoda]]<ref>Cirhuza, D.M.; Plisnier, P.-D. (2016)[https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/248670 . "Composition and seasonal variations in abundance of Copepod (Crustacea) populations from the northern part of Lake Tanganyika".] ''Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management''. '''19''' (4): 401–410. doi[[doi:10.1080/14634988.2016.1251277|:10.1080/14634988.2016.1251277]]. hdl:[[hdl:2268/248670|2268/248670]]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:90502032 90502032.][https://web.archive.org/web/20210722064916/https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/248670 Archived] from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2020.</ref> e e tshelang mo letsheng.Limnocaridina iridinae e nna [[:en:Mantle_(mollusc)|mo gare ga dikarolo tsa mmele]] tsa [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pleiodon_spekei&action=edit&redlink=1 Pleiodon spekei,] mo teng ga kgapetla ya [[:en:Unionidae|mussel]] eno e sa e gobatse. Shrimp eno ke nngwe ya mefuta e le mebedi fela e e itseweng mo lefatsheng ya di-shrimp tsa metsi a a foreshe tse di tshelang ka mokgwa ono.<ref>De Grave, S.; Cai, Y.; Amnker, A. (2008). "Global diversity of shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) in freshwater". ''Hydrobiologia''. '''595''': 287–293. doi:[[doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9024-2|10.1007/s10750-007-9024-2.]] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22945163 22945163.]</ref><ref>De Grave, S. (2013). [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/198058/2510158 "''Limnocaridina iridinae''".] [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|''IUCN Red List of Threatened Species''.]] '''2013''' e.T198058A2510158. doi:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T198058A2510158.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T198058A2510158.en.]] Retrieved 13 November 2021.</ref> Fa go bapisiwa le [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|matsha otlhe a Rift Valley]], Letsha la Tanganyika le feta tsotlhe ka palo ya mefuta ya crustaceans, palo ya mefuta ya dikgopa tsa metsi a a foreshe le palo ya mefuta e e fitlhelwang fela mo letsheng leo.<ref>Segers, H.; and Martens, K; editors (2005). ''The Diversity of Aquatic Ecosystems.'' p. 46. Developments in Hydrobiology. Aquatic Biodiversity. ISBN 1-4020-3745-7</ref> Matsha a mangwe fela a Rift Valley a a nang le makhala a metsi a a endemic ke Lake Kivu le Lake Victoria mme lengwe le lengwe la tsone le na le mefuta e le 2 fela ya makhala a endemic.<ref>Cumberlidge, N.; and Meyer, K. S. (2011)[http://commons.nmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=facwork_journalarticles . ''A revision of the freshwater crabs of Lake Kivu, East Africa.''] ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140725112334/http://commons.nmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=facwork_journalarticles Archived] 25 July 2014 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]'' Journal Articles. Paper 30.</ref><ref>Cumberlidge, N.; Clark, P.F. (2017). [[doi:10.5852/ejt.2017.371|"Description of three new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 from the Lake Victoria region in southern Uganda, East Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae)".]] ''European Journal of Taxonomy'' (371): 1–19. doi:[[doi:10.5852/ejt.2017.371|10.5852/ejt.2017.371]]. hdl:[[hdl:10141/622400|10141/622400.]]</ref> '''Ditshedi tse dingwe tse di se nang marapo''' Pharologano ya ditlhopha tse dingwe tsa ditshedi tse di se nang marapo mo Letsheng la Tanganyika gantsi ga e ise e itsege sentle, mme go na le bonnye mefuta e e tlhalositsweng ya: [[:en:Leech|dileech]] tse 20 (12 endemic),<ref>Segers, H.; and Martens, K; editors (2005). ''The Diversity of Aquatic Ecosystems.'' p. 44. Developments in Hydrobiology. Aquatic Biodiversity. ISBN 1-4020-3745-7</ref> [[:en:Sponge|disepontšhe]] tse 9 (7 endemic), [[:en:Bryozoa|bryozoa]] tse 6 (2 endemic), [[:en:Flatworm|diboko tse di sephaphathi]] tse 11 (7 endemic), [[:en:Nematode|nematode]] tse 20 (7 endemic), [[:en:Annelid|annelid]] tse 28 (17 endemic),<ref>Kelly West (28 February 2001). [https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 "Results and Experiences of the UNDP/GEF Conservation Initiative (RAF/92/G32) in Burundi, D.R. Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia".] ''IW:LEARN | Documents''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162707/https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> le jellyfish e nnye ya [[:en:Hydrozoa|hydrozoan]] e e bidiwang [[:en:Limnocnida|Limnocnida]] tanganyicae.<ref>Salonen; Högmander; Langenberg; Mölsä; Sarvala; Tarvainen; and Tiirola (2012). ''Limnocnida tanganyicae medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa): a semiautonomous microcosm in the food web of Lake Tanganyika.'' Hydrobiologia 690(1): 97–112.</ref> '''Go tshwara ditlhapi''' Letsha la Tanganyika le tshegetsa tiro e kgolo ya go tshwara ditlhapi, e e nayang batho ba ba nnang mo kgaolong eo 25–40%<ref>[http://www.mongabay.com/external/lake_tanganyika_warming.htm "Global warming is killing off tropical lake fish – Study of Lake Tanganyika".] www.mongabay.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150629225857/http://www.mongabay.com/external/lake_tanganyika_warming.htm Archived] from the original on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref> kgotsa mo e ka nnang 60% ya poroteine ya diphologolo mo dijong tsa bone.<ref name=":18">Jensen, M.R. (8 August 2016). [https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/lake-tanganyika-fisheries-declining-global-warming "Lake Tanganyika Fisheries Declining From Global Warming"]. University of Arizona. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180306085806/https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/lake-tanganyika-fisheries-declining-global-warming Archived] from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.</ref><ref name=":19">McGrath, M. (8 August 2016)[https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-37009305 . "Decline of fishing in Lake Tanganyika 'due to warming'"]. BBC. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180428163551/http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-37009305 Archived] from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.</ref> Ditlhapi tsa Letsha la Tanganyika di romelwa kwa dikarolong tsotlhe tsa Afrika Botlhaba. Go tshwara ditlhapi ka kgwebo go simolotse bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo-1950, mme seno, mmogo le go gotela ga lefatshe, se amile thata palo ya ditlhapi, sa baka go fokotsega go go bonalang.<ref name=":18" /><ref name=":19" /><ref>O'Reilly, Catherine M.; Alin, Simone R.; Plisnier, Pierre-Denis; Cohen, Andrew S.; Mckee, Brent A. (14 August 2003). "Climate change decreases aquatic ecosystem productivity of Lake Tanganyika, Africa". ''Nature''. '''424''' (6950): 766–768. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Natur.424..766O 2003Natur.424..766O.] doi:[[doi:10.1038/nature01833|10.1038/nature01833.]] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12917682 12917682.] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1637315 1637315.]</ref> Ka 2016, go ne ga akanyediwa gore tsotlhe tse di neng di tshwarwa di ne di fitlha go ditone di le 200,000.<ref name=":18" /> Go na le mekgwa e mentsi e baagi ba lefelo leo ba neng ba e dirisa ka setso go tshwara ditlhapi. Bontsi jwa yone bo ne bo akaretsa go dirisa lebone go gogela ditlhapi tse di gogelwang ke lesedi. Mo mafelong mangwe, mabone a a fetang lekgolo a ne a ka bonwa mo letsheng bosigo. Go ne go na le mekgwa e meraro ya motheo: O mongwe o ne o bidiwa Lusenga, e leng letloa le legolo le le dirisiwang ke motho a le mongwe a le mo mokorong. Wa bobedi e ne e le go dirisa letloa le le tsholediwang. Seno se ne se dirwa ka go folosa letloa boteng jwa metsi kafa tlase ga mokoro go dirisiwa mekoro e mebedi e e tsamayang e bapile, morago ba bo ba le goga kwa godimo ka nako e le nngwe. Wa boraro o ne o bidiwa Chiromila, o o neng o dirisa mekoro e meraro. Mokoro mongwe o ne o ema mo lefelong le le lengwe o tshwere lebone, fa mokoro o mongwe o tshwere ntlheng nngwe ya letloa mme o mongwe o dikologa mokoro o o emeng go kopana le letloa leo.<ref>''Lake Tanganyika and Its Life''. Oxford Press. 1991.</ref> '''Hisetori''' Go akanyediwa gore batho ba ntlha ba [[:en:Homo_sapiens|Homo sapiens]] ba ne ba simolola go nna le tlhotlheletso mo kgaolong eno ka nako ya [[:en:Stone_Age|Stone Age]]. Nako ya go tswa mo Middle Stone Age go ya mo Late Stone Age e tlhalosiwa jaaka motlha wa batsomi le bakgobokanyi ba ba neng ba setse ba tsweletse pele.<ref>''East African Ecosystems and Their Conservation''. New York: Oxford University Press.</ref> Mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bo-19 la dingwaga, bagwebi ba [[:en:Shirazi_people|Maarabia ba Baswahili]] ba ba tswang kwa [[:en:Zanzibar|Zanzibar]] ba ne ba tlhoma tsela ya [[:en:Caravan_(travellers)|dikharabane]] go tswa kwa [[:en:Bagamoyo|Bagamoyo]] ba feta [[:en:Tabora|Tabora]] go ya kwa [[:en:Ujiji|Ujiji]] mo Letsheng la Tanganyika. Ba ne ba tlisa mekepe ya [[:en:Dhow|matsela]] go tsamaya mo letsheng mme ba gweba ka [[:en:Indian_Ocean_slave_trade|makgoba]], manaka a tlou, ditlhobolo le khothone. Mo bagwebing bano, yo o neng a itsege thata e ne e le [[:en:Tippu_Tip|Tippu Tip]] mo seripeng sa bobedi sa lekgolo la bo-19 la dingwaga, yo o neng a tlhoma [[:en:Tippu_Tip's_state|puso]] kwa bophirima jwa letsha.<ref>Hall, Richard (1965). ''Zambia''. London: Pall Mall Press.</ref> Batho ba ntlha ba Bophirima ba ba itsiweng go bona letsha e ne e le babatlisisi ba Baebele [[:en:Richard_Francis_Burton|Richard Burton]] le [[:en:John_Speke|John Speke]] ka 1858. Ba ne ba le bona fa ba ntse ba batla motswedi wa [[:en:Nile_River|Noka ya Nile]]. Speke o ne a tswelela mme a bona motswedi wa nnete, e leng [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Letsha la Victoria]]. [[:en:David_Livingstone|David Livingstone]] o ne a etela letsha makgetlo a le mmalwa mo loetong lwa gagwe lwa bofelo jwa 1866–73, le ene a batla motswedi wa Nile. O ne a sekaseka mabopo a bogare jwa bophirima, bokonebotlhaba le bokone jwa letsha a dirisa mokoro. O ne a kopana ka tsela e e tumileng le [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] kwa [[:en:Ujiji|Ujiji]] mo lotshitshing lwa botlhaba ka 1871, mme bobedi jwa bone ba [[:en:Livingstone–Stanley_Monument|tsamaya mmogo]] ka mokoro mo karolong ya bokone jwa letsha. Morago ga moo o ne a tsamaya ka lefatshe go bapa le lotshitshi lwa borwabotlhaba go fitlha kwa bokhutlong jwa borwa jwa letsha mme a tswelela bophirima go ya kwa Letsheng la Mweru. O ne a kwala leina “Liemba” bakeng sa karolo ya borwa ya letsha, lefoko le gongwe le tswang mo [[:en:Fipa_language|puong ya Fipa]].<ref>[https://www.gutenberg.org/files/16672/16672.txt "The Last Journals of David Livingstone, in Central Africa, from 1865 to His Death, Volume I (of 2), 1866-1868"]. ''Project Gutenberg eBook''. Retrieved 1 June 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.gutenberg.org/files/17024/17024-h/17024-h.htm "The Last Journals of David Livingstone, in Central Africa, from 1865 to His Death, Volume 2 (of 2), 1868-1873".] ''Project Gutenberg''. Retrieved 3 June 2026.</ref> <ref>David Livingstone (2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJRKJnFkJeIC&pg=PA212 ''The Last Journals of David Livingstone in Central Africa from 1865 to His Death''.] Vol. 1. BiblioBazaar. p. 338. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-554-26021-1|<bdi>978-0-554-26021-1</bdi>.]]</ref>Tanganyika e raya “dinaledi” mo [[:en:Luvale_language|puong ya Luvale.]]<ref>Daniel J. Crowley (Summer 1966). "An African Aesthetic". ''The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism''. '''24''' (4). Wiley: 519–524. doi:[[doi:10.2307/428776|10.2307/428776]]. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/428776 428776.]</ref>{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Coordinates on Wikidata]] iqkgwq9wjm3gt7tbdo4g0vegzvapzfu 51529 51499 2026-06-25T08:23:54Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51529 wikitext text/x-wiki Letsha la Tanganyika<ref>Yohannes,Okbazghi (2008). Water resources and inter-riparian relations in the Nile basin. SUNY Press. p. 127.</ref> ke nngwe ya [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|Matsha a Magolo a Afrika]].<ref>Burton, Richard Francis (1965). Richards, Charles (ed.). ''Burton and Lake Tanganyika''. Dar Es Salaam: East African Literature Bureau. [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/180480726 180480726.]</ref> Ke [[:en:List_of_lakes_by_volume|letsha la bobedi mo lefatsheng ka bogolo jwa metsi]],[[:en:List_of_lakes_by_depth|le ka boteng]], ka makgetho a mabedi le le latlhegelwa fela ke [[:en:Lake_Baikal|Lake Baikal]] kwa [[:en:Siberia|Siberia]].<ref>[http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika "Lake Tanganyika"]. ''www.zambiatourism.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150422001337/http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika Archived] from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref><ref>Lewis, R. (16 May 2010)[https://news.brown.edu/articles/2010/05/tanganyika . "Brown Geologists Show Unprecedented Warming in Lake Tanganyika".] Brown University. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170326051107/https://news.brown.edu/articles/2010/05/tanganyika Archived] from the original on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.</ref> Le gape ke letsha le le telele go feta tsotlhe mo lefatsheng.<ref>[http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika "Lake Tanganyika".] ''www.zambiatourism.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150422001337/http://www.zambiatourism.com/destinations/lakes/lake-tanganyika Archived] from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref> Ka bogolo jwa lefelo, [[:en:List_of_lakes_by_area|ke la bo 6 mo lefatsheng]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/topic/worlds-largest-lakes-2228655 "World's largest lakes | Description, Area, & Facts | Britannica".] ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 18 October 2025.</ref> Letsha leno le abelanwa ke dinaga di le nne: [[:en:Tanzania|Tanzania]], [[:en:Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo]], [[:en:Burundi|Burundi]] le Zambia. Tanzania e na le karolo e kgolo ya letsha (mo e ka nnang 46%), mme Democratic Republic of the Congo e na le mo e ka nnang 40%. Letsha la Tanganyika le elela metsi a lona ka noka ya [[:en:Lukuga_River|Lukuga River]] go tsena mo tsamaisong ya [[:en:Congo_River|Noka ya Congo]], e e feleletsang e tshela kwa toropong ya [[:en:Banana,_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|Banana]] go tsena mo [[:en:Atlantic_Ocean|Lewatleng la Atlantic]].<ref name=":0">[https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/Display/html/3587 "LAKE TANGANYIKA".] ''World Lake Database, International Lake Environment Committee Foundation''. Retrieved 12 January 2025.</ref> '''Jeokorafi''' Lake Tanganyika ke [[:en:Ancient_lake|letsha la bogologolo thata]], mme ke lengwe la matsha a le masome a mabedi fela mo lefatsheng a a nang le dingwaga tse di fetang milione e le nngwe. Dikarolo tsa lone tse tharo tse dikgolo, tse mo dinakong tse metsi a neng a le kwa tlase thata di neng di le matsha a a ikemetseng ka nosi, tsotlhe di na le dingwaga tse di farologaneng. Karolo ya bogare e simolotse go bopiwa dingwaga di ka nna milione di le 9 go ya go 12 tse di fetileng. Karolo ya bokone e simolotse dingwaga di ka nna milione di le 7 go ya go 8 tse di fetileng. fa karolo ya borwa e simolotse dingwaga di ka nna milione di le 2 go ya go 4 tse di fetileng.<ref>Cohen; Soreghan; Scholz (1993). "Estimating the age of formation of lakes: An example from Lake Tanganyika, East African Rift system". ''Geology''. '''21''' (6): 511–514. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993Geo....21..511C 1993Geo....21..511C.] doi:[https://doi.org/10.1130%2F0091-7613%281993%29021%3C0511%3AETAOFO%3E2.3.CO%3B2 10.1130/0091-7613(1993)021<0511:ETAOFO>2.3.CO;2.]</ref> Gompieno, Letsha la Tanganyika le mo kgaolong ya [[:en:Albertine_Rift|Albertine Rift,]] e leng lekala la bophirima la [[:en:East_African_Rift|East African Rift]]. Le dikologilwe ke dithaba tse di kwa matlhakoreng a mokgatšha wa phatlogo ya lefatshe. Ke letsha le legolo go feta tsotlhe tsa mofuta wa [[:en:Rift_lake|rift]] mo Afrika, mme ke la bobedi mo lefatsheng ka bogolo jwa metsi a a foreshe. Gape ke letsha le le boteng go feta tsotlhe mo Afrika le le tshwereng metsi a mantsi a a foreshe go feta tsotlhe mo kontineng ya Afrika. Le tshwere mo e ka nnang 16% ya metsi a a foreshe a lefatshe a a ka dirisiwang.Letsha leno le boleele jwa dikilometara di le 676 le anametse go tswa bokone go ya borwa ka bophara jwa palogare ya dikilometara di le 50. Le akaretsa lefelo la dikilometara tse di khubiki di le 32,000 ka lotshitshi lwa boleele jwa dikilometara di le 1,900. Palogare ya boteng ke dimetara di le 572 fa boteng jo bogolo ke dimetara di le 1,471, jo bo fitlhelwang mo karolong ya bokone. Go akanyediwa gore letsha leno le tshwere metsi a ka nna 18,750 km³, e leng bongata jo bogolo thata jwa metsi a a foreshe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/19991110092358/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dafr06.html "Datbase Summary: Lake Tanganyika"]. ''ilec.or.jp''. Japan: International Lake Environment Committee Foundation. Archived from [http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dafr06.html the original] on 10 November 1999. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref><ref name=":0" /> Letsha la Tanganyika lena le [[:en:Drainage_basin|mokgatšha]] wa metsi o o ka nnang 231,000 km².Go na le dinoka tse dikgolo di le pedi tse di tsenang mo letsheng leno, mmogo le dinoka tse dinnye le melatswana e mentsi. Melatswana eno gantsi e khutshwane ka ntlha ya dithaba tse di kwa godimo le tse di matsutsuba tse di dikologileng letsha. Noka e le yosi e kgolo e e tswang mo letsheng ke [[:en:Lukuga_River|Lukuga River,]] e e elelang e tsena mo tsamaisong ya [[:en:Congo_River|Congo River.]] Pula le mouoane di na le karolo e kgolo go feta dinoka mo tsamaisong ya metsi a letsha. Go akanyediwa gore bonyenyane 90% ya metsi a a tsenang a tswa mo puleng e e nelelang mo godimo ga letsha, mme bonyenyane 90% ya tahlegelo ya metsi e bakwa ke go mowa ga metsi ka tlhamalalo.<ref name=":1">[[:en:Sven_O._Kullander|Kullander, S.O.]]; Roberts, T.R. (2011). "Out of Lake Tanganyika: endemic lake fishes inhabit rapids of the Lukuga River". ''Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters''. '''22''' (4): 355–76.</ref> Noka e kgolo ke [[:en:Ruzizi_River|Ruzizi River]], e e bopilweng dingwaga di ka nna 10,000 tse di fetileng, e e tsenang mo bokone jwa letsha e tswa mo [[:en:Lake_Kivu|Lake Kivu]].<ref name=":2">Scheffel, Richard L.; Wernet, Susan J., eds. (1980). ''Natural Wonders of the World''. US: Reader's Digest Association, Inc. pp. 366–67. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-89577-087-5|<bdi>978-0-89577-087-5</bdi>.]]</ref> [[:en:Malagarasi_River|Malagarasi River]] ke noka ya bobedi ka bogolo mo Tanzania, mme e tsena mo letlhakoreng la botlhaba la letsha.<ref name=":2" /> Noka eno e kgologolo go feta letsha ka bolone, mme pele letsha le bopiwa, e ka bo e ne e le karolo ya tsamaiso ya metsi ya [[:en:Lualaba_River|Lualaba River]], e leng mothopo o mogolo wa Noka ya Congo River.<ref name=":1" /> Noka e kgolo e e tswang mo Zambia e bile e tsenang mo karolong ya borwa jwa letsha ke [[:en:Lufubu_River|Lufubu]] River. E tswa mo thoteng e e kwa borwa jwa letsha, e elela go ya kwa bokone-bophirima go ralala dithaba, morago ga moo e retologela go ya bokone-botlhaba go tsena mo letsheng gaufi le Nsumbu.<ref>[https://africageographic.com/stories/nsumbu-national-park/ "Nsumbu National Park"]. ''Africa Geographic''. Retrieved 3 June 2026.</ref> Lake Tanganyika e na le histori e e raraaneng ya diphetogo tsa tsela e metsi a elelang ka yone, ka ntlha ya boleele jo bogolo jwa yone, boteng jo bogolo, go tlala ga yone ka bonya, le lefelo la yone le le kwa dithabeng mo kgaolong e e nang le tiro e ntsi ya dithoromo tsa dithaba tse di tlhotlhogang le diphetogo tsa tlelaemete. Go bonala gore mo nakong e e fetileng, letsha leno ga le ise le ko le nne le phatlha e e tswang ka tlhamalalo go ya lewatleng. Ka ntlha ya seno, le tlhalosiwa jaaka [[:en:Endorheic|“endorheic ka bontsi”.]] Go kgokagana ga letsha le lewatle go ikaegile ka gore metsi a tshwanetse go nna kwa godimo thata mo a ka kgonang go elela go tswa mo letsheng ka Lukuga River go tsena mo tsamaisong ya Congo River.<ref name=":2" /> Fa metsi a sa elele, go tsenwa ga metsi mo Lukuga go gantsi go thibelwa ke mebala ya motlhaba le dimela tsa metsi tse dintsi. Ka nako eo, noka eno e ikaega mo dinokeng tsa yone tse dinnye, segolobogolo Niemba River, go tshegetsa go elela ga yone.<ref name=":1" /> Go simolola ka bo-1990, selekanyo sa metsi mo Lake Tanganyika se ne sa tlhatloga ka mo e ka nnang dimetara di le 2, se baka go rwala matlo le dikago tse di gaufi le lotshitshi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20260307174809/https://worldwater.earth/water-surface-elevation-timeseries-reveals-the-rising-water-levels-in-lake-tanganyika/ "Water surface elevation timeseries reveals the rising water levels in Lake Tanganyika"]. ''WorldWater''. Retrieved 1 June 2026.</ref> Seno se bonagala thata mo toropong ya Nsumbu, gaufi le lotshitshi magareng ga jetty le molomo wa Chisala River, e ka nna dikilometara di le 2 go ya kwa bokone-bophirima. Magareng ga 2018 le 2024, metsi a ne a tsenelela mo teng ga toropo go fitlha mo e ka nnang dimetara di le 300 go tswa mo lotshitshing lwa 2018.<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/search/Nsumbu/@-8.5164746,30.4729444,1517m/data=!3m1!1e3?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI2MDUyNy4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D "Nsumbu"]. ''Google Maps''. Retrieved 2 June 2026.</ref><ref>[https://earth.google.com/web/@-8.51664622,30.47719045,771.76267068a,1405.28427165d,35y,0h,0t,0r/data=ChYqEAgBEgoyMDE4LTExLTI2GAFCAggBOgMKATBCAggASg0I____________ARAA "Google Earth imagery showing Nsumbu settlement and shoreline, Zambia".] ''Google Earth - Use the historical slider to select past views''. Google Earth. Retrieved 2 June 2026.</ref> Go akanyediwa gape gore mo nakong e e fetileng, letsha le ka tswa le ne le na le ditsela tse di farologaneng tsa go tsena le go tswa ga metsi. Go akantshiwa gore metsi a ka tswa a ne a tswa mo [[:en:Lake_Rukwa|Lake Rukwa]] e e kwa godimo, kgotsa go ka tswa go ne go na le kgokagano le [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Lake Malawi]], mme le gone go kile ga akanyediwa tsela ya go tswa e e yang kwa Noka ya [[:en:Nile|Nile]] River. Tsotlhe tseno di bontsha gore histori ya tsamaiso ya metsi ya letsha e fetogile gantsi mo dingwageng di le dimilione.<ref>Lévêque, Christian (1997). ''Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation: The Freshwater Fish of Tropical Africa''. [[:en:Cambridge_University_Press|Cambridge University Press.]] p. 110. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-521-57033-6|<bdi>978-0-521-57033-6</bdi>.]]</ref> '''Dikarolo tsa metsi''' Metsi a Lake Tanganyika a na le [[:en:Hard_water|alkaline]] e e kwa godimo, ka [[:en:PH|pH]] e e ka nnang 9 mo boteng jwa dimetara di le 0–100.<ref name=":3">De, Wever; Muylaert; der Gucht, Van; Pirlot; Cocquyt; Descy; Plisnier; Vyverman (2005). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1214687 "Bacterial Community Composition in Lake Tanganyika: Vertical and Horizontal Heterogeneity".] ''Appl Environ Microbiol''. '''71''' (9): 5029–5037. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ApEnM..71.5029D 2005ApEnM..71.5029D.] doi:[[doi:10.1128/AEM.71.9.5029-5037.2005|10.1128/AEM.71.9.5029-5037.2005.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1214687 1214687.] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16151083 16151083.]</ref> Kwa tlase ga moo, pH e nna mo e ka nnang 8.7, mme e fokotsega ka bonya go fitlha mo magareng ga 8.3 le 8.5 mo mafelong a a boteng go feta tsotlhe a letsha.<ref name=":3" /> Mokgwa o o tshwanang o bonwa mo [[:en:Electric_conductivity|phitisong ya motlakase]], e e tlogang mo e ka nnang 670 μS/cm mo godimo ga metsi go fitlha go 690 μS/cm mo mafelong a a boteng thata.<ref name=":3" /> Themperetšha ya godimo ga metsi gantsi e ka nna 24°C mo karolong ya borwa jwa letsha ka Phatwe, mme e ka tlhatloga go 28–29°C kwa bokhutlong jwa paka ya dipula ka Mopitlwe–Moranang.<ref name=":4">Edmond; Stallard; Craigh; Weiss; Coulter (1993). [[doi:10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0725|"Nutrient chemistry of the water column of Lake Tanganyika".]] ''Limnol. Oceanogr''. '''38''' (4): 725–738. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993LimOc..38..725E 1993LimOc..38..725E.] doi:[[doi:10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0725|10.4319/lo.1993.38.4.0725]]</ref> Kwa boteng jo bo fetang dimetara di le 400, themperetšha e nna e sa fetoge thata, e le mo magareng ga 23.1°C le 23.4°C.<ref>O'Reilly, Catherine M.; Alin, Simone R.; Plisnier, Pierre-Denis; Cohen, Andrew S.; Mckee, Brent A. (14 August 2003). "Climate change decreases aquatic ecosystem productivity of Lake Tanganyika, Africa". ''Nature''. '''424''' (6950): 766–768. [[:en:Bibcode_(identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Natur.424..766O 2003Natur.424..766O]. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi:]][[doi:10.1038/nature01833|10.1038/nature01833.]] [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12917682 12917682.] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID]] [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1637315 1637315]</ref> Metsi a letsha a ntse a oketsega mogote ka bonya fa e sale go tswa mo lekgolong la bo-19 la dingwaga, mme seno se potlakile le go feta ka ntlha ya [[:en:Global_warming|go gotela ga lefatshe]] fa e sale go tswa mo bo-1950.<ref>Jensen, M.R. (8 August 2016). [https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/lake-tanganyika-fisheries-declining-global-warming "Lake Tanganyika Fisheries Declining From Global Warming".] University of Arizona. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180306085806/https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/lake-tanganyika-fisheries-declining-global-warming Archived] from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.</ref> Letsha le [[:en:Lake_stratification|kgaogane]] ka dikarolo tsa metsi tse di sa kopaneng bonolo. Go tlhakatlhakana ga metsi ka dipaka gantsi ga go fete boteng jwa dimetara di le 150.<ref name=":4" /> Go tlhakatlhakana gono go diragala thata mo karolong ya borwa ka ntlha ya diphefo tse di [[:en:Upwelling|sutisang metsi a a tsididi go tswa kwa tlase go ya godimo.]] Gape go na le go tlhatloga le go fologa ga metsi mo dikarolong tse dingwe tsa letsha.<ref>Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (2003). "Recent research in the African Great Lakes: Fisheries, biodiversity and cichlid evolution". ''Freshwater Forum''. '''20''' (1): 4–64.</ref> Ka ntlha ya go kgaogana gono ga metsi, dikarolo tse di boteng thata di na le se se bidiwang [[:en:Fossil_water|metsi a bogologolo]]<ref>Hutter; Yongqi; and Chubarenko (2011). Physics of Lakes, volume 1: Foundation of the Mathematical and Physical Background. P. 11. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-642-15178-1|<bdi>978-3-642-15178-1</bdi>.]]</ref> a a sa tlhakaneng le a kwa godimo ka dingwaga tse dintsi. Seno se raya gore dikarolo tse di boteng ga di na [[:en:Oxygen|oksijene .]] Ka jalo ditlhapi le [[:en:Obligate_aerobe|diphologolo tsotlhe tse di tlhokang oksijene]] di kgona go tshela fela mo dikarolong tse di kwa godimo tsa letsha. Mo bokone jwa letsha, molelwane ono wa oksijene o fitlhelwa mo boteng jwa dimetara di ka nna 100 fa mo borwa<ref>Wright, J.J.; and L.M. Page (2006). Taxonomic revision of Lake Tanganyikan Synodontis (Siluriformes: Mochokidae). Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 46(4): 99–154.</ref><ref>Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (1987). Ecological Studies in Tropical Fish Communities. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-521-28064-8|<bdi>0-521-28064-8</bdi>.]]</ref> jwa letsha, o fitlhelwa mo boteng jwa dimetara di ka nna 240–250. Dikarolo tse di boteng go feta tsotlhe tsa letsha di na le selekanyo se segolo sa [[:en:Hydrogen_sulfide|hydrogen sulfide]], gase e e botlhole.<ref name=":3" /><ref>Ryan, Emily; Todd, Jonathan A.; McGlue, Michael; Kimirei, Ismael; Soreghan, Michael (2017). "Variation in Taphonomic Character of Shell Beds in Lake Tanganyika, Africa: Paleoenvironmental and Stratigraphic Implications of Shell Beds in Lakes". Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 304608. Geological Society of America. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1130/abs/2017am-304608|10.1130/abs/2017am-304608]]</ref> '''Baeloji''' '''Digagabi''' Letsha la Tanganyika le mafelo a metsi a a le dikologileng ke legae la mefuta e le mmalwa ya digagabi, tsotlhe di akaretsa [[:en:Nile_crocodile|Nile crocodile]] (go akaretsa kwena e kgolo e e tumileng e e bidiwang [[:en:Gustave_(crocodile)|Gustave]]), [[:en:Zambian_hinged_terrapin|Khudu ya metsi ya Zambia,]] [[:en:Serrated_hinged_terrapin|Serrated hinged terrapin]], Pan hinged terrapin (mofuta ono ga o nne mo letsheng ka bolone mme o fitlhelwa mo matsheng a a gaufi)<ref name=":5">Spawls, Howell, Drewes, and Ashe (2002). A Field Guide to the Reptiles of East Africa. Academic Press, London. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-12-656470-1|0-12-656470]]-1</bdi>.</ref>. [[:en:Storm's_water_cobra|Storm’s water cobra]], e leng [[:en:Subspecies|mofuta]] o o mo kotsing wa noga ya metsi e e jang ditlhapi thata, e fitlhelwa fela mo Letsheng la Tanganyika. E rata go nna mo mabopong a a nang le maje.<ref name=":5" /><ref>O'Shea, Mark; Mcintyre, P.B. (2005). [http://www.markoshea.info/oba4-3_zambia_tanzania03.php "Boulengerina annulata stormsi (Storm's water cobra). Attempted predation".] ''Herpetological Review''. '''36''' (2): 189. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171202071348/http://www.markoshea.info/oba4-3_zambia_tanzania03.php Archived] from the original on 2 December 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> '''Ditlhapi tsa Cichlid''' Letsha la Tanganyika ke legae la [[:en:Endemism|bonyenyane mefuta]] e e fetang 250 ya ditlhapi tsa [[:en:Cichlid|cichlid]]<ref>Kelly West (28 February 2001). [https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 "Results and Experiences of the UNDP/GEF Conservation Initiative (RAF/92/G32) in Burundi, D.R. Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia"]. ''IW:LEARN | Documents''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162707/https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> tse di fitlhelwang fela mo letsheng leno. Go dumelwa gape gore go santse go na le [[:en:Undescribed_taxon|mefuta e mengwe e e iseng e lemogiwe]] ke baitseanape.<ref>Craig Mortiff (24 December 2009). [https://www.cichlid-forum.com/threads/lake-tanganyika-and-its-diverse-cichlids.456196/ "Lake Tanganyika and its Diverse Cichlids"]. ''Cichlid Fish Forum''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162711/https://www.cichlid-forum.com/threads/lake-tanganyika-and-its-diverse-cichlids.456196/ Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> Mo e ka nnang 98% ya mefuta yotlhe ya cichlid mo letsheng leno ga e fitlhelwe kae kapa kae mo lefatsheng fa e se mo Tanganyika fela. Ka ntlha ya seno, letsha leno le botlhokwa thata mo dipatlisisong tsa kafa mefuta [[:en:Speciation|e mesha ya diphologolo e tlhagang ka teng,]] le kafa [[:en:Evolution|botshelo bo fetogang ka teng mo lobakeng lo loleele.]]<ref>Takahashi, T.; Hori, M. (2012). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3363988 "Genetic and Morphological Evidence Implies Existence of Two Sympatric Species in Cyathopharynx furcifer (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika"]. ''International Journal of Evolutionary Biology''. '''2012''' 980879. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi:]][[doi:10.1155/2012/980879|10.1155/2012/980879.]] [[:en:PMC_(identifier)|PMC]] [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3363988 3363988]. [[:en:PMID_(identifier)|PMID]] [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22675655 22675655.]</ref><ref>Kornfield, Ivy; Smith, Peter A (2000). "African Cichlid Fishes: Model Systems for Evolutionary Biology". ''Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics''. '''31''': 163–196. [[:en:Doi_(identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.163|10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.163]].</ref> Ditlhapi tsa cichlid tsa [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|Matsha a Magolo a Afrika]], go akaretsa Tanganyika, di emela nngwe ya mehlala e megolo go feta tsotlhe ya [[:en:Adaptive_radiation|adaptive radiation]] mo diphologolong tse di nang le marapo a mokwatla.<ref>Meyer, Britta; Matchiner, Michael; Salburger, Walter (25 November 2013). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 "A tribal level phylogeny of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes based on a genomic multi-marker approach"]. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution''. '''83''': 56–71. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009|10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 4334724.] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25433288 25433288.]</ref> Le fa dingwe tsa mefuta eno di ka fitlhelwa gonnye mo godimo ga [[:en:Lukuga_River|Lukuga]] River, ga di kgone go anamela thata mo [[:en:Congo_Basin|tsamaisong ya Congo River]]. Seno se bakwa ke jeokorafi ya mafelo ao, le pharologano ya dikhemikhale tsa metsi.Tikologo e e dikologileng Letsha la Tanganyika e itshiametse gape e itekanetse gona le [[:en:Rapids|mekgacho]] le medi e sianeng ya noka ya Congo. Metsi a Tanganyika, a [[:en:Alkali'|alkaline]] gape ana le [[:en:PH|pH]] e kwa godimo (ga a na asiti e ntsi), a na le [[:en:Calcium|calcium]] le diminerale tse dintsi go farologana le metsi a Congo a a nang le [[:en:Acid|asiti e ntsi,]] [[:en:Sediment|a tletse seretse,]] a tletse matlakala a [[:en:Rainforest|dimela]] le dilo tse dingwe tsa tlholego tse di senyegang. Mo dikarolong dingwe tsa Congo, kgakala le [[:en:Whitewater|metsi a masweu]], metsi a fetoga se se bidiwang [[:en:Blackwater_river|metsi a mantsho]], ka ntlha ya dikhemikhale tse di tswang mo dikgatsheng le mo matlakaleng a ditlhare a a bodileng. Metsi ano a na le [[:en:Tannin|tannins]] tse dintsi mme ga a siamele<ref>[[:en:Sven_O._Kullander|Kullander, S.O]].; Roberts, T.R. (2011). "Out of Lake Tanganyika: endemic lake fishes inhabit rapids of the Lukuga River". ''Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters''. '''22''' (4): 355–76.</ref> ditlhapi tsa cichlid. Ka mokgwa o o tshwanang, mefuta e mentsi ya ditlhapi tsa dinoka tsa tropiki le yone e ka nna ya se kgone go tshela fa e ka tsenngwa mo metsing a a phepa, a alkaline le a nang le diminerale tse dintsi a Letsha la Tanganyika. Le fa Letsha la Tanganyika e na le mefuta e mmalwa ya ditlhapi tsa cichlid fa e bapisiwa le Letsha la [[:en:Lake_Malawi|Malawi]] kgotsa Letsha la [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Victoria]]—matsha a a kileng a nna le koketsego e kgolo le e [[:en:Adaptive_radiation|e potlakileng]] ya mefuta ya ditlhapi mo hisetoring ya bosheng—<ref>Turner, Seehausen; Knight, Allender; Robinson (2001). [[doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01200.x|"How many species of cichlid fishes are there in African lakes?"]]. ''Molecular Ecology''. '''10''' (3): 793–806. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001MolEc..10..793T 2001MolEc..10..793T.] doi:[[doi:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01200.x|10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01200.]]<nowiki/>x. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11298988 11298988.] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12925712 12925712.]</ref>ditlhapi tsa cichlid tsa Tanganyika ke tsone tse di nang le pharologano e kgolo go feta tsotlhe mo [[:en:Morphology_(biology)|popegelong ya mmele]] le mo [[:en:Genetics|dijining]].<ref name=":6">Meyer, Britta; Matchiner, Michael; Salburger, Walter (25 November 2013). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 "A tribal level phylogeny of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes based on a genomic multi-marker approach"]. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution''. '''83''': 56–71. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009|10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009]]. PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 4334724]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25433288 25433288.]</ref><ref>Seehausen, O. (2015). [[doi:10.1111/nph.13450|"Process and pattern in cichlid radiations – inferences for understanding unusually high rates of evolutionary diversification"]]. ''New Phytologist''. '''207''' (2): 304–312. doi:[[doi:10.1111/nph.13450|10.1111/nph.13450.]] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25983053 25983053.]</ref> Seno se amana le bogologolo jwa Letsha la Tanganyika, ka gonne le legologolo thata go feta Malawi le Victoria. Nako e telele eno e ne ya letla mefuta ya ditlhapi go fetoga le go ikgaoganya ka ditsela tse dintsi go feta tse di bonwang mo matsheng a mangwe.<ref>Nishida, M (1991). "Lake Tanganyika as an evolutionary reservoir of old lineages of East African cichlid fishes: Inferences from allozyme data". ''Experientia''. '''47''' (9): 974–979. doi[[doi:10.1007/bf01929896|:10.1007/bf01929896.]] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37599331 37599331.]</ref> Tanganyika e na le palo e kgolo [[:en:Endemism|go feta tsotlhe]] ya [[:en:Genera|genera]] tsa cichlid tse di fitlhelwang fela mo letsheng leo, fa di bapisiwa le matsha a mangwe otlhe a Afrika.<ref name=":6" /> Ditlhapi tsotlhe tsa cichlid tsa Tanganyika di wela mo setlhopheng sa baeloji se se bidiwang [[:en:Pseudocrenilabrinae|Pseudocrenilabrinae.]] Mo [[:en:Tribe_(biology)|ditlhopheng]] tse di lesome tse di leng mo Pseudocrenilabrinae sephatlo sa tsone di fitlhelwa fela kgotsa segolobogolo mo Tanganyika: [[:en:Cyprichromini|Cyprichromini]], [[:en:Ectodini|Ectodini,]] [[:en:Lamprologini|Lamprologini]], [[:en:Limnochromini|Limnochromini]] le [[:en:Tropheini|Tropheini]] fa tse dingwe tse tharo di na le mefuta e e fitlhelwang mo letsheng: [[:en:Haplochromini|Haplochromini,]] [[:en:Tilapiini|Tilapiini]] le [[:en:Tylochromini|Tylochromini]].<ref>Sparks; Smith (2004). "Phylogeny and biogeography of cichlid fishes (Teleostei: Perciformes: Cichlidae)". ''Cladistics''. '''20''' (6): 501–517. [[:en:CiteSeerX_(identifier)|CiteSeerX]] [https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.595.2118 10.1.1.595.2118]. doi:[[doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00038.x|10.1111/j.1096-0031.2004.00038.x.]] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34892958 34892958]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:36086310 36086310].</ref> Baitseanape bangwe ba ba ithutang ka ditlhapi ba akantshitse gore ditlhapi tsa cichlid tsa Tanganyika di tshwanetse go kgaoganngwa ka botlalo go nna ditlhopha tse di ka nnang 12 go ya go 16, go akaretsa: [[:en:Bathybatini|Bathybatini,]][[:en:Benthochromini|Benthochromini]],[[:en:Boulengerochromini|Boulengerochromini,]] [[:en:Cyphotilapiini|Cyphotilapiini,]] [[:en:Eretmodini|Eretmodini]],[[:en:Greenwoodochromini|Greenwoodochromini,]] [[:en:Perissodini|Perissodini]] le [[:en:Trematocarini|Trematocarini]] mmogo le ditlhopha tse di setseng tse di umakilweng fa godimo.<ref name=":6" /> Bontsi jwa ditlhapi tsa cichlid tsa Lake Tanganyika di nna gaufi le lotshitshi lwa letsha mo boteng jo bo fitlhang go dimetara di le 100. Le fa go ntse jalo, mefuta mengwe e e nnang mo metsing a a boteng e kgona go fologela mo boteng jwa dimetara di le 200 ka gale.<ref name=":7">Kirchberger; Sefc; Sturmbauer; Koblmuller (2012). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362839 "Evolutionary History of Lake Tanganyika's Predatory Deepwater Cichlids"]. ''International Journal of Evolutionary Biology''. '''2012''' 716209. doi[[doi:10.1155/2012/716209|:10.1155/2012/716209.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362839 3362839]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22675652 22675652.]</ref> Mefuta ya [[:en:Trematocara|Trematocara]] yone e fitlhetswe mo boteng jo bo fetang dimetara di le 300, jo bo leng boteng go feta jwa cichlid efe kgotsa efe e e itsiweng mo lefatsheng.<ref>Loiselle, Paul (1994). The Cichlid Aquarium, p. 304. Tetra Press, Germany. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1564651464|<bdi>978-1564651464</bdi>.]]</ref> Mefuta mengwe ya ditlhapi tsa metsi a a boteng, jaaka [[:en:Bathybates|Bathybates]], [[:en:Gnathochromis|Gnathochromis]], [[:en:Hemibates|Hemibates]] le [[:en:Xenochromis|Xenochromis]] e kile ya tshwarwa mo mafelong a a batlang a sena oksijene gotlhelele, mme baitseanape ga ba ise ba tlhaloganye sentle gore di kgona jang go tshela mo maemong ao.<ref name=":8">Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (1987). Ecological Studies in Tropical Fish Communities. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-521-28064-8|<bdi>0-521-28064-8</bdi>.]]</ref> Bontsi jwa cichlid tsa Tanganyika ke tsa [[:en:Benthic|botlaseng jwa letsha]], kgotsa di nna gaufi le mabopo.<ref>Lindqvist, O.V.; H. Mölsä; K. Solonen; J. Sarvala, editors (1999). From Limnology to Fisheries: Lake Tanganyika and Other Large Lakes. pp. 213–214. Springer. ISBN 978-0792360179</ref> Ga go na cichlid e e tshelang [[:en:Pelagic|ka botlalo mo metsing a a bulegileng]] kgakala le lotshitshi, ntle le mefuta mengwe ya Bathybates<ref name=":7" /> [[:en:Piscivorous|e e jang ditlhapi tse dingwe]]. Mefuta e mebedi e, [[:en:Bathybates_fasciatus|Bathybates fasciatus]] le [[:en:Bathybates_leo|Bathybates leo]] dija thata [[:en:Tanganyika_sardine|ditlhapi tsa sardine tsa Tanganyika]].<ref name=":7" /><ref name=":8" /> Ditlhapi tsa cichlid tsa Tanganyika di farologane thata ka [[:en:Ecology|tsela e di iphedisang ka yone]]. Go na le mefuta [[:en:Herbivore|e e]] [[:en:Herbivore|jang dimela]], [[:en:Detritivore|e e jang matlakala le dilo tse di bolang mo metsing]], [[:en:Planktivore|e e jang plankton]], [[:en:Insectivore|e e jang ditshenekegi]], [[:en:Molluscivore|e e jang dikgapetla tsa metsing]], [[:en:Scavenger|e e jang ditopo tsa diphologolo tse di suleng]], [[:en:Scale-eater|e e jang makwaga a ditlhapi tse dingwe]] le e e jang ditlhapi tse dingwe.<ref name=":9">Craig Mortiff (24 December 2009). [https://www.cichlid-forum.com/threads/lake-tanganyika-and-its-diverse-cichlids.456196/ "Lake Tanganyika and its Diverse Cichlids"]. ''Cichlid Fish Forum''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162711/https://www.cichlid-forum.com/threads/lake-tanganyika-and-its-diverse-cichlids.456196/ Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> Le fa mefuta mengwe e na le dijo tse e di ratang thata, baitseanape ba lemogile gore e ka fetola mekgwa ya yone ya go ja [[:en:Opportunism|fa dijo dingwe di nna dintsi thata]].<ref>Golcher-Benavides J, Wagner CE (2019). "Playing out Liem's Paradox: Opportunistic Piscivory across Lake Tanganyikan Cichlids". ''The American Naturalist''. '''194''' (2): 260–267. doi:[[doi:10.1086/704169|10.1086/704169]]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31318283 31318283.] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155438716 155438716.]</ref> Sekai, mefuta e mentsi e ka simolola go ja [[:en:Stolothrissa_tanganicae|Stolothrissa tanganicae]] le [[:en:Limnothrissa_miodon|Limnothrissa miodon]] fa ditlhapi tseno di nna dintsi mo letsheng. Mekgwa ya tsalo ya cichlid e kgaogana ka ditlhopha tse pedi tse dikgolo: Tse di beelang mae mo lefatsheng kgotsa mo motlhabeng (gantsi mo magageng kgotsa mo diphateng tsa maje) le [[:en:Mouthbrooder|tse di godisang mae mo molomong]].<ref name=":10">Schliewen, U. (1992). Aquarium Fish. Barron's Educational Series. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0812013504|<bdi>978-0812013504</bdi>.]]</ref> Mo mefuteng e e fitlhelwang fela mo Tanganyika go na le dingwe tsa ditlhapi tsa cichlid tse dinnye go feta tsotlhe mo lefatsheng, [[:en:Neolamprologus_multifasciatus|Neolamprologus multifasciatus]] le [[:en:Neolamprologus_similis|Neolamprologus similis]] (tse tsotlhe [[:en:Shell_dweller|di nnang mo dikgapetleng tsa dikgopa]]), mme boleele jwa tsone bo fitlha fela mo e ka nnang 4–5 cm.<ref>[[:en:Rainer_Froese|Froese, Rainer]]; [[:en:Daniel_Pauly|Pauly, Daniel]] (eds.). [https://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Neolamprologus&speciesname=multifasciatus "''Neolamprologus multifasciatus''".] [[:en:FishBase|''FishBase''.]] March 2017 version.</ref><ref>[[:en:Rainer_Froese|Froese, Rainer;]] [[:en:Daniel_Pauly|Pauly, Daniel]] (eds.). [https://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Neolamprologus&speciesname=similis "''Neolamprologus similis''".] ''[[:en:FishBase|FishBase]]''. March 2017 version.</ref> Go na gape le nngwe ya [[:en:Giant_cichlid|cichlid tse dikgolo]] go feta tsotlhe mo lefatsheng e leng Boulengerochromis microlepis e e ka golang go fitlha mo e ka nnang 90 cm ka boleele.<ref name=":9" /><ref>[http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/features/articles/the-10-biggest-cichlids "The 10 biggest cichlids".] Practical Fishkeeping. 13 June 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170320052647/http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/features/articles/the-10-biggest-cichlids Archived] from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.</ref> Mefuta e mentsi ya ditlhapi tsa cichlid tse di tswang mo Lake Tanganyika e tumile thata mo bathong ba ba godisang ditlhapi mo ditankeng tsa metsi. Tse di akaretsa: [[:en:Altolamprologus|Altolamprologus,]] [[:en:Cyprichromis|Cyprichromis]], [[:en:Eretmodus|Eretmodus]], [[:en:Julidochromis|Julidochromis]], [[:en:Lamprologus|Lamprologus]], [[:en:Neolamprologus|Neolamprologus]], [[:en:Tropheus|Tropheus]] le [[:en:Xenotilapia|Xenotilapia]]. Ditlhapi tseno di ratwa ka ntlha ya mebala ya tsone e e ntle, mekgabiso le dipaterone tsa tsone tse di kgatlhang, le mekgwa ya tsone ya boitshwaro e e kgatlhang go e lebelela.<ref name=":10" /> Mo lefatsheng la go godisa ditlhapi mo ditankeng, batho ba le bantsi gape ba rata go aga [[:en:Biotope|setshwano sa diatla]] sa Letsha la Tanganyika, gore e tshwane ka mo go ka kgonegang ka teng le tikologo ya tlholego ya letsha leno, mo go fitlhelwang mefuta e mentsi ya ditlhapi segompienong di kgona go tsadisiwa sentle mo botshwarong.<ref name=":10" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120302102920/http://www.aquariumslife.com/featured/lake-tanganyika-biotope/ "tanganyika biotope aquarium".] Aquariums Life. 10 February 2010. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2014.</ref> '''Ditlhopha tsa cichlid mo Letsheng la Tanganyika''' [[:en:Bathybatini|Bathybatini]] (E): [[:en:Bathybates_ferox|Bathybates ferox]] ke tlhapi e e nnang thata [[:en:Benthic|gaufi le botlase jwa letsha]] mme [[:en:Piscivorous|e ja ditlhapi tse dingwe]]. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo setlhopheng sa Bathybates go na le mefuta e mengwe e e tshelang mo metsing a a bulegileng kgakala le lotshitshi.<ref>Kirchberger; Sefc; Sturmbauer; Koblmuller (2012). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362839 "Evolutionary History of Lake Tanganyika's Predatory Deepwater Cichlids".] ''International Journal of Evolutionary Biology''. '''2012''' 716209. doi:[[doi:10.1155/2012/716209|10.1155/2012/716209.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3362839 3362839]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22675652 22675652.]</ref> Baitseanape bangwe ba kgaoganya setlhopha sa Bathybatini ka ditlhopha tse tharo tse di ikemetseng e leng Bathybatini, [[:en:Hemibatini|Hemibatini]] le [[:en:Trematocarini|Trematocarini.]]<ref>Meyer; Matchiner; Salburger (2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4415804 "Lake Tanganyika—A 'Melting Pot' of Ancient and Young Cichlid Lineages (Teleostei: Cichlidae)?".] ''PLOS ONE''. '''10''' (7) e0125043. Bibcode[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PLoSO..1025043W :2015PLoSO..1025043W.] doi:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0125043|10.1371/journal.pone.0125043.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4415804 4415804.] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25928886 25928886.]</ref><ref>Weiss; Cotterill; Schliewen (2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 "A tribal level phylogeny of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes based on a genomic multi-marker approach".] ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution''. '''83''': 56–71. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009|10.1016/j.ympev.2014.10.009.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 4334724]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25433288 25433288.]</ref> [[:en:Benthochromini|Benthochromini]] (E): [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Benthochromis_horii&action=edit&redlink=1 Benthochromis horii] e ne ya tlhalosiwa semmuso ke baitseanape ba saense ka ngwaga wa 2008. Le fa go ntse jalo, pele ga moo tlhapi eno e ne e gantsi e tsewa ka phoso e le [[:en:Benthochromis_tricoti|Benthochromis tricoti.]]<ref>Takahashi, T. (2008). "Description of a new cichlid fish species of the genus Benthochromis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika". ''Journal of Fish Biology''. '''72''' (3): 603–613. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JFBio..72..603T 2008JFBio..72..603T.] doi:[[doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01727.x|10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01727.x.]]</ref> [[:en:Boulengerochromini|Boulengerochromini]] (E): [[:en:Boulengerochromis_microlepis|Boulengerochromis microlepis]] ke nngwe ya ditlhapi tsa cichlid<ref>[http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/features/articles/the-10-biggest-cichlids "The 10 biggest cichlids".] Practical Fishkeeping. 13 June 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170320052647/http://www.practicalfishkeeping.co.uk/features/articles/the-10-biggest-cichlids Archived] from the original on 20 March 2017. Retrieved 17 March 2017.</ref> tse dikgolo go feta tsotlhe mo lefatsheng gape ke yone fela mofuta o o leng mo setlhopheng sa Boulengerochromini.<ref>Weiss; Cotterill; Schliewen (2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334724 "A tribal level phylogeny of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes based on a genomic multi-marker approach".] ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution''. '''83''': 56–71.</ref> [[:en:Cyphotilapiini|Cyphotilapiini]] (E): [[:en:Cyphotilapia_frontosa|Cyphotilapia frontosa]] ke nngwe ya mefuta e mebedi fela e e tshwanang e e leng mo [[:en:Tribe_(biology)|setlhopheng]]<ref>Takahashi, T.; Nakaya, K. (2003). "New species of Cyphotilapia (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika, Africa". ''Copeia''. '''2003''' (4): 824–832. doi:[[doi:10.1643/ia03-148.1|10.1643/ia03-148.1]]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:83854866 83854866.]</ref> seno. [[:en:Cyprichromini|Cyprichromini]] (E): [[:en:Cyprichromis_microlepidotus|Cyprichromis microlepidotus]] le mefuta e mengwe ya setlhopha seno di tshela mo metsing a a bulegileng a letsha gape [[:en:Planktivore|dija thata plankton.]]<ref>Bigirimana, C. (2006). [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/60487/12363286 "''Cyprichromis microlepidotus''".] [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|''IUCN Red List of Threatened Species''.]] '''2006''' e.T60487A12363286. doi[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60487A12363286.en|:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60487A12363286.en.]] Retrieved 13 November 2021.</ref><ref>Smith, M.P. (1998). Lake Tanganyikan Cichlids, pp. 9–10. ISBN 0-7641-0615-5</ref> [[:en:Ectodini|Ectodini]] (E): [[:en:Ophthalmotilapia_nasuta|Ophthalmotilapia nasuta]] e bontsha [[:en:Sexually_dimorphic|sexual dimorphism]], ke gore e namagadi le e tonanyana ga di tshwane ka ponalo. Mo mofuteng ono ditonanyana di na le mebala e e phatsimang le e e kgatlhang go feta, di na le maphego a maleele go feta gape di na le nko<ref>[https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/ophthalmotilapia-nasuta/ "Ophthalmotilapia nasuta"]. ''Seriously Fish''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162708/https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/ophthalmotilapia-nasuta/ Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> kgotsa sebopego sa tlhogo se se leele go feta sa tse namagadi. [[:en:Eretmodini|Eretmodini]] (E): [[:en:Eretmodus_cyanostictus|Eretmodus cyanostictus]] e nna gaufi le botlase jwa letsha mo mafelong a lotshitshi a a nang le makhubu le [[:en:Surf_zone|metsi a a tsamayang ka maatla]],<ref name=":11">[[:en:Rainer_Froese|Froese, Rainer]]; [[:en:Daniel_Pauly|Pauly, Daniel]] (eds.). [https://www.fishbase.org/summary/SpeciesSummary.php?genusname=Eretmodus&speciesname=cyanostictus "''Eretmodus cyanostictus''".] ''FishBase''. April 2017 version.</ref> jaaka mefuta e mengwe yotlhe ya setlhopha sa yone.<ref>Smith, M.P. (1998). Lake Tanganyikan Cichlids, pp. 9–10. ISBN 0-7641-0615-5</ref> [[:en:Haplochromini|Haplochromini]]: [[:en:Astatotilapia_burtoni|Astatotilapia burtoni]] ke nngwe ya mefuta e mmalwa fela ya setlhopha<ref>[https://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=4 "Species in the Tanganyika".] ''www.fishbase.se'' (table). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162720/https://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=4 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> seno e e fitlhelwang mo Letsheng la Tanganyika. Seno se farologane le se se diragalang mo [[:en:African_Great_Lakes|matsheng a mangwe a magolo a Afrika,]] jaaka Lake Malawi le Lake Victoria, kwa bontsi jwa cichlid bo leng mo setlhopheng sa Haplochromini.<ref>Lowe-McConnell, R (2009). "Fisheries and cichlid evolution in the African Great Lakes: progress and problems". ''Freshwater Reviews''. '''2''' (2): 131–151. doi:[[doi:10.1608/frj-2.2.2|10.1608/frj-2.2.2]]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54011001 54011001.]</ref> [[:en:Lamprologini|Lamprologini]] (E): [[:en:Julidochromis_marlieri|Julidochromis marlieri]] ke tlhapi e e tumileng thata mo kgwebong ya [[:en:Aquarium|ditlhapi tsa ditanka]] kwa batho ba ba godisang ditlhapi gantsi ba bitsa mefuta ya setlhopha sa Julidochromis ka leina la khutshwafatso la “Julies.”<ref>[https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/julidochromis-marlieri/ "Julidochromis marlieri (Marlier's Julie)".] ''Seriously Fish''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162711/https://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/julidochromis-marlieri/ Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> [[:en:Limnochromini|Limnochromini]] (E): [[:en:Gnathochromis_permaxillaris|Gnathochromis permaxillaris]] ke tlhapi [[:en:Planktivore|e e jang]] [[:en:Planktivore|ditshedinyana tse dinnye tse di phaphamalang mo metsing.]] E na le molomo o o sa tlwaelegang o o kgonang go otlologa kgotsa go sutela kwa ntle.<ref>Bigirimana, C. (2006)[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/60493/12364587 . "''Gnathochromis permaxillaris''"]. [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|''IUCN Red List of Threatened Species''.]] '''2006''' e.T60493A12364587. doi:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60493A12364587.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60493A12364587.en.]] Retrieved 13 November 2021.</ref> [[:en:Perissodini|Perissodini]] (E): [[:en:Perissodus_microlepis|Perissodus microlepis]] ke tlhapi e e ikgethileng ka gonne [[:en:Scale-eating|e ja makwaga]] [[:en:Scale-eating|a ditlhapi tse dingwe]].<ref>Stewart, T.A.; Albertson, R.C. (2010). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2828976 "Evolution of a unique predatory feeding apparatus: functional anatomy, development and a genetic locus for jaw laterality in Lake Tanganyika scale-eating cichlids".] ''BMC Biology''. '''8''' (1): 8. doi:[[doi:10.1186/1741-7007-8-8|10.1186/1741-7007-8-8.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2828976 2828976]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20102595 20102595.]</ref> [[:en:Tilapiini|Tilapiini:]] [[:en:Oreochromis_tanganicae|Oreochromis tanganicae]] ke nngwe ya ditlhapi tse di tlwaelegileng thata mo mabopong a Letsha la Tanganyika gape gantsi e fitlhelwa mo [[:en:Fish_market|mebarakeng ya ditlhapi ya mo lefelong leo.]]<ref>Ntakimazi, G. (2006). [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/60625/12387918 "''Oreochromis tanganicae''"]. ''[[:en:IUCN_Red_List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]''. '''2006''' e.T60625A12387918. doi:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60625A12387918.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T60625A12387918.en.]] Retrieved 13 November 2021.</ref> [[:en:Tropheini|Tropheini]] (E): [[:en:Tropheus_moorii|Tropheus moorii]] (segolobogolo mofuta wa “red Chimba [[:en:Polymorphism_(biology)|morph]]”) e bontsha pharologano e kgolo mo mebaleng le mo popegelong ya mmele. Ka ntlha ya pharologano eno, baitseanape bangwe ba belaela gore dingwe tsa morphs tse di tsewang jaaka karolo ya [[:en:Taxonomy_(biology)|mofuta o le mongwe]] di ka nna tsa bo e le mefuta e e farologaneng.<ref>Begon, M.; and A.H. Fitter (1995). Advances in Ecological Research, vol. 26, p. 203. ISBN 0-12-013926-X</ref><ref>Salzburger; Niederstätter; Brandstätter; Berger; Parson; Snoeks; Sturmbauer (2006). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1560039 "Colour-assortative mating among populations of Tropheus moorii, a cichlid fish from Lake Tanganyika, East Africa"]. ''Proc Biol Sci''. '''273''' (1584): 257–266. doi:[[doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3321|10.1098/rspb.2005.3321.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1560039 1560039.] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16543167 16543167.]</ref><ref>Robert Toman (2017)[https://web.archive.org/web/20210919232102/http://www.cichlidworld.eu/clanky/evolucia_tropheus_e.htm . "Tropheus Genus Evolution"]. ''Cichlid World''. Archived from [http://www.cichlidworld.eu/clanky/evolucia_tropheus_e.htm the original] on 19 September 2021. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> '''Ditlhapi tse dingwe''' Lamprichthys tanganicanus, e e bidiwang [[:en:Tanganyika_killifish|Tanganyika killifish]], ke yone fela mofuta mo setlhopheng sa yone.<ref name=":11" /> Letsha la Tanganyika le na le mefuta e e fetang 80 ya ditlhapi tse e seng tsa cichlid, mme mo e ka nnang 60% ya tsone di fitlhelwa fela mo letsheng leno.<ref>Wright, J.J.; and L.M. Page (2006). Taxonomic revision of Lake Tanganyikan Synodontis (Siluriformes: Mochokidae). Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 46(4): 99–154.</ref><ref>Kelly West (28 February 2001). [https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 "Results and Experiences of the UNDP/GEF Conservation Initiative (RAF/92/G32) in Burundi, D.R. Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia".] ''IW:LEARN | Documents''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162707/https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref><ref>Brown; Britz; Bills; Rüber; Day (2011). "Pectoral fin loss in the Mastacembelidae: a new species from Lake Tanganyika". ''Journal of Zoology''. '''284''' (4): 286–293. doi:[[doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00804.x|10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00804.x.]]</ref><ref>Wright, J.J.; Bailey, R.M. (2012). [https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/91200/1/j.1096-3642.2011.00789.x.pdf "Systematic revision of the formerly monotypic genus Tanganikallabes (Siluriformes: Clariidae)"] (PDF). ''Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society''. '''165''' (1): 121–142. doi:[[doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00789.x|10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00789.x.]]</ref> Metsi a a bulegileng a letsha a laolwa ke mefuta e le mene e megolo ya ditlhapi tse e seng cichlid. Tse pedi tsa tsone ke [[:en:Limnothrissa_miodon|Limnothrissa miodon]] le [[:en:Stolothrissa_tanganicae|Stolothrissa tanganicae]] tse tsotlhe di bidiwa “Tanganyika sardines.” Ditlhapi tseno di dira [[:en:Biomass|karolo e kgolo]] go feta tsotlhe ya boima jwa ditlhapi mo metsing a a bulegileng, mme di botlhokwa thata jaaka dijo tsa [[:en:Forktail_lates|Lates microlepis]] le [[:en:Sleek_lates|Lates stappersii.]]<ref name=":12">Lindqvist, O.V.; H. Mölsä; K. Solonen; J. Sarvala, editors (1999). From Limnology to Fisheries: Lake Tanganyika and Other Large Lakes. pp. 213–214. Springer. ISBN 978-0792360179</ref> Go na le gape mefuta e mengwe e mebedi ya Lates mo letsheng, [[:en:Tanganyika_lates|Lates angustifrons]] le [[:en:Bigeye_lates|Lates mariae]] mme mefuta eno e mentsi e tsoma thata gaufi le botlase jwa letsha, le fa ka dinako dingwe e ka tsena mo metsing a a bulegileng.<ref name=":12" /> Mefuta yotlhe e mene ya Lates e fitlhelwa fela mo Letsheng la Tanganyika. Le fa go ntse jalo, e tshwerwe thata ke batshwari ba ditlhapi mo dingwageng tse dintsi , mme ka ntlha ya seno ditlhapi tse dikgolo tsa mefuta eno ga di tlhole di bonwa gantsi jaaka pele.<ref name=":12" /> Mo ditlhaping tse di sa tlwaelegang tse di fitlhelwang mo Letsheng la Tanganyika go na le ditlhapi tsa catfish tse di fitlhelwang fela mo letsheng leno mme di dirisa [[:en:Brood_parasitic|mokgwa o o sa tlwaelegang wa tsalo]], o [[:en:Facultative_parasite|o tshwanang le wa nonyane ya cuckoo]]. Tseno di akaretsa [[:en:Synodontis_grandiops|Synodontis grandiops]] le [[:en:Synodontis_multipunctatus|Synodontis multipunctatus]].<ref name=":13">Wright, J.J.; and L.M. Page (2006). Taxonomic revision of Lake Tanganyikan Synodontis (Siluriformes: Mochokidae). Florida Mus. Nat. Hist. Bull. 46(4): 99–154.</ref><ref name=":14">Schliewen, U. (1992). Aquarium Fish. Barron's Educational Series. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0812013504|<bdi>978-0812013504</bdi>.]]</ref> Tse dingwe tsa go nna le setshwano e leng [[:en:Synodontis_lucipinnis|S.lucipinnis]] le [[:en:Synodontis_petricola|S.petricola]] di eta di nna lego tlhakatlhakangwa, gosa tlhalosege sentle gore a dina le boitshwaro jo bo tshwanang.<ref name=":13" /><ref>[https://www.planetcatfish.com/common/species.php?task=&species_id=103 "Synodontis lucipinnis • Mochokidae"]. ''www.planetcatfish.com''. 2023. [https://web.archive.org/web/20170401232507/https://www.planetcatfish.com/common/species.php?task=&species_id=103 Archived] from the original on 1 April 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2023. </ref> Ditlhapi tseno di dira gore mefuta e mengwe e gole bana ba tsone. Di beela mae ka nako e e tshwanang le ditlhapi tsa cichlid tse di godisang mae mo melomong ya tsone, Cichlid e phutha mae ao ka molomo, e akanya gore ke a yone. Fa mae a catfish a phatloga, bana ba catfish ba simolola go ja mae kgotsa bana ba cichlid ba ba mo molomong oo.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":14" /> Ditlhopha tsotlhe tse di latelang di fitlhelwa fela mo mokgatšheng wa Letsha la Tanganyika: [[:en:Bathybagrus|Bathybagrus]], [[:en:Dinotopterus|Dinotopterus]], [[:en:Lophiobagrus|Lophiobagrus]], [[:en:Phyllonemus|Phyllonemus]], [[:en:Pseudotanganikallabes|Pseudotanganikallabes]] le [[:en:Tanganikallabes|Tanganikallabes.]]<ref name=":15">[https://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=4 "Species in the Tanganyika".] ''www.fishbase.se'' (table). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162720/https://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=4 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref><ref>Wright, J.J. (2017). "A new diminutive genus and species of catfish from Lake Tanganyika (Siluriformes: Clariidae)". ''J Fish Biol''. '''91''' (3): 789–805. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JFBio..91..789W 2017JFBio..91..789W.] doi:[[doi:10.1111/jfb.13374|10.1111/jfb.13374.]] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28744868 28744868.]</ref> Le fa ditlhapi tsa mofuta wa [[:en:Chrysichthys|Chrysichthys]] di fitlhelwa le mo mafelong a mangwe, mefuta e le thataro ya tsone e fitlhelwa fela mo mokgatšheng wa Tanganyika. Ditlhapi tseno di tshela mo metsing a a seng boteng le mo a a boteng thata.<ref name=":15" /> Mo mafelong a a boteng, ke dingwe tsa dibatana tse dikgolo<ref>Lowe-McConnell, R.H. (1987). Ecological Studies in Tropical Fish Communities. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-521-28064-8|<bdi>0-521-28064-8</bdi>.]]</ref> le basweuledi ba ba botlhokwa mo tsamaisong ya tikologo ya letsha. Letsha le gape le na le mongwe wa mehlala e e kgatlhang ya [[:en:Evolutionary_radiation|evolutionary radiation]] (go anamela ga mefuta go tswa mo motsweding o le mongwe). Go na le mefuta e le 15 ya [[:en:Mastacembelus|Mastacembelus]] mme tsotlhe ntle le o le mongwe di fitlhelwa fela mo mokgatšheng wa Letsha la Tanganyika.<ref>Brown; Britz; Bills; Rüber; Day (2011). "Pectoral fin loss in the Mastacembelidae: a new species from Lake Tanganyika". ''Journal of Zoology''. '''284''' (4): 286–293. doi:[[doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00804.x|10.1111/j.1469-7998.2011.00804.x.]]</ref><ref name=":16">Brown; Rüber; Bills; Day (2010). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2903574 "Mastacembelid eels support Lake Tanganyika as an evolutionary hotspot of diversification".] ''BMC Evolutionary Biology''. '''10''' 188. doi:[[doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-188|10.1186/1471-2148-10-188.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2903574 2903574]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20565906 20565906.]</ref> Le fa matsha a mangwe a magolo a Afrika le one a na le, ditlhapi tsa Synodontis, catfish tse di fitlhelwang fela mo lefelong leo le di-spiny eel tsa Mastacembelus, pharologano e kgolo ya mefuta eno e e bonwang mo Lake Tanganyika ga e tshwanwe le ya letsha lepe le lengwe. Baitseanape ba dumela gore seno se bakilwe ke bogologolo jo bogolo jwa letsha leno.<ref name=":16" /> Mo ditlhaping tse di sa fitlhelweng fela mo Lake Tanganyika, dingwe di anametse mo dikarolong tse dintsi tsa Afrika mme dingwe di fitlhelwa fela mo Letsheng la Tanganyika le mo mekgatšheng ya dinoka tsa Malagarasi le Congo, tse di akaretsang: Polypterus congicus ([[:en:Congo_bichir|Congo bichir]]), [[:en:Goliath_tigerfish|Hydrocynus goliath]], [[:en:Citharinus|Citharinus]] citharus, [[:en:Six-banded_distichodus|Distichodus sexfasciatus]] le [[:en:Mbu_puffer|Tetraodon mbu]].<ref>[https://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=4 "Species in the Tanganyika"]. ''www.fishbase.se'' (table). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162720/https://www.fishbase.se/TrophicEco/FishEcoList.php?ve_code=4 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> '''Dikgopa le dikgapetla tsa metsi''' Go fitlhetswe mefuta e le 83 ya [[:en:Freshwater_snail|dikgopa tsa metsi a a foreshe]], mme 65 ya tsone ke tsedi fitlhelwang mo letsheng le fela, le mefuta e le 11 ya [[:en:Bivalve|dikgapetla tse di nang le dikarolo tse pedi]] , mme 8 ya tsone e le e e fitlhelwang mo letsheng le fela le tsona.<ref>Seddon, M.; Appleton, C.; Van Damme, D.; Graf, D. (2011). Darwall, W.; Smith, K.; Allen, D.; Holland, R.; Harrison, I.; Brooks, E. (eds.). ''Freshwater molluscs of Africa: diversity, distribution, and conservation''. IUCN. pp. 92–119. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-1345-8|<bdi>978-2-8317-1345-8</bdi>.]]</ref> Mo dikgapetleng tseno go na le ditlhopha tse tharo tse mongwe le mongwe wa tsone o nang le [[:en:Monotypic|mofuta o le mongwe fela]]: [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grandidieria_burtoni&action=edit&redlink=1 Grandidieria burtoni,] [[:en:Pseudospatha_tanganyicensis|Pseudospatha tanganyicensis]] le [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brazzaea_anceyi&action=edit&redlink=1 Brazzaea anceyi]<ref name=":17">Brown, D. (1994). ''Freshwater Snails Of Africa And Their Medical Importance.'' 2nd edition. ISBN 0-7484-0026-5</ref>. Dikgopa tse dintsi tsa Tanganyika ga dia tlwaelesega ka gore dikgapetla tsa tsone di tenya thata, di na le mekgabiso kgotsa [[:en:Sculpture_(mollusc)|methalo]] e e bonalang sentle mo dikgapetleng. Dikarolo tseno gantsi di bonwa mo dikgopeng tsa lewatle, e seng mo dikgopeng tsa metsi a a foreshe. Ka ntlha ya seno, dikgopa tseno di bidiwa thalassoids, e leng lefoko le le ka rayang “tse di tshwanang le tsa lewatle.”<ref name=":17" /> Di thalassoids tsotlhe tsa Tanganyika tse di amanang gape le [[:en:Prosobranchia|Prosobranchia]], di bonwa mo letsheng le fela.<ref name=":17" /> Baitseanape ba ne ba kile ba akanya gore dikgopa tseno di amana le dikgopa tsa lewatle tse di tshwanang le tsone mme gompieno go itsiwe gore ga di amane. Ponalo ya tsone e tshwanetse ya bo e bakilwe ke mafelo a a farologaneng thata mo Letsheng la Tanganyika, le [[:en:Evolutionary_pressure|kgatelelo ya tlholego]] e e tswang mo dibataneng tse di jang dikgopa, segolobogolo makhala a [[:en:Platythelphusa|Platythelphusa.]]<ref>Kelly West (28 February 2001). [https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 "Results and Experiences of the UNDP/GEF Conservation Initiative (RAF/92/G32) in Burundi, D.R. Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia]". ''IW:LEARN | Documents''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162707/https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref><ref name=":17" /><ref>West, K.; Cohen, A. (1996). "Shell microstructure of gastropods from Lake Tanganyika, Africa: adaptation, convergent evolution, and escalation". ''Evolution''. '''50''' (2): 672–682. doi:[[doi:10.2307/2410840|10.2307/2410840.]] JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2410840 2410840]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28568935 28568935.]</ref> Go na le ditlhopha di le 17 tsa dikgopa tse di fitlhelwang fela mo Tanganyika, go akaretsa [[:en:Hirthia|Hirthia]], [[:en:Lavigeria|Lavigeria]], [[:en:Paramelania|Paramelania]], [[:en:Reymondia|Reymondia]], [[:en:Spekia|Spekia,]] [[:en:Stanleya_neritinoides|Stanleya]], [[:en:Tanganyicia|Tanganyicia]] le [[:en:Tiphobia|Tiphobia]].<ref name=":17" /> Go na le mefuta e ka nnang 30 ya dikgopa tse e seng thalassoid mo letsheng mme mo go tseno, ke 5 fela tse di endemic, go akaretsa [[:en:Ferrissia_tanganyicensis|Ferrissia tanganyicensis]] le [[:en:Neothauma_tanganyicense|Neothauma tanganyicense]].<ref name=":17" /> Neothauma tanganyicense ke yone kgopa e kgolo go tsotlhe mo Letsheng la Tanganyika e bile dikgapetla tsa yone tse di se nang sepe fa kgopa e sena go swa gantsi di dirisiwa e le mafelo a bonno kgotsa mafelo a go beela mae ke ditlhapi tse dinnye tsa [[:en:Shell_dwellers|cichlid tse di nnang mo dikgapetleng]].<ref>Koblmüller; Duftner; Sefc; Aibara; Stipacek; Blanc; Egger; Sturmbauer (2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790888 "Reticulate phylogeny of gastropod-shell-breeding cichlids from Lake Tanganyika — the result of repeated introgressive hybridization"]. ''BMC Evolutionary Biology''. '''7''' 7. doi:[[doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-7|10.1186/1471-2148-7-7.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1790888 1790888.] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17254340 17254340.]</ref> Dikokonyana tsa metsi tse di nang le dikgapetla tse di thata le tsone di farologane thata. Go itsege mefuta e e fetang 200, mme e feta halofo ya yone e fitlhelwa fela mo letsheng leno.<ref>Kelly West (28 February 2001). [https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 "Results and Experiences of the UNDP/GEF Conservation Initiative (RAF/92/G32) in Burundi, D.R. Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia".] ''IW:LEARN | Documents''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162707/https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> Tseno di akaretsa [[:en:Freshwater_crab|makhala a metsi a a foreshe]] go bo go nna le mefuta e le 10, e e akaretsang: Platythelphusa (mefuta e le 9) le [[:en:Potamonautes_platynotus|Potamonautes platynotus]]<ref>Marijnissen; Michel; Daniels; Erpenbeck; Menken; Schram (2006). "Molecular evidence for recent divergence of Lake Tanganyika endemic crabs (Decapoda: Platythelphusidae)". ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution''. '''40''' (2): 628–634. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.025|10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.025.]] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16647274 16647274.]</ref> mme tsotlhe tse di fitlhelwa fela mo letsheng le. Go na le bonnye mefuta e le 11 ya di-shrimp tse dinnye tsa mofuta wa [[:en:Atyidae|atyid]], go akaretsa [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Atyella&action=edit&redlink=1 Atyella], [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caridella&action=edit&redlink=1 Caridella,] [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Limnocaridina&action=edit&redlink=1 Limnocaridina]<ref>Fryer, G (2006). "Evolution in ancient lakes: radiation of Tanganyikan atyid prawns and speciation of pelagic cichlid fishes in Lake Malawi". ''Hydrobiologia''. '''568''' (1): 131–142. doi:[[doi:10.1007/s10750-006-0322-x|10.1007/s10750-006-0322-x.]] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:44127332 44127332.]</ref> le [[:en:Palaemonidae|macrobrachium]] moorei<ref>De Grave, S. (2013). [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/196882/2477768 "''Macrobrachium moorei''".] [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|''IUCN Red List of Threatened Species''.]] '''2013''' e.T196882A2477768. doi:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T196882A2477768.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T196882A2477768.en.]] Retrieved 13 November 2021.</ref> e leng mofuta wa shrimp o o fitlhelwang fela mo letsheng leno. Go boa gape go nna le mefuta e ka nnang 100 ya [[:en:Ostracod|Ostracoda]]<ref>Martens; Schön; Meisch; Horne (2008). "Global diversity of ostracods (Ostracoda, Crustacea) in freshwater". ''Hydrobiologia''. '''595''': 185–193. doi:[[doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9245-4|10.1007/s10750-007-9245-4.]] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:207150861 207150861.]</ref> mme bontsi jwa yone ke endemic.<ref>Gitter, F.; Gross, M.; Piller, W.E. (2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4406499 "Sub-Decadal Resolution in Sediments of Late Miocene Lake Pannon Reveals Speciation of Cyprideis (Crustacea, Ostracoda)".] ''PLOS ONE''. '''10''' (4) e0109360. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PLoSO..1009360G 2015PLoSO..1009360G.] doi:[[doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109360|10.1371/journal.pone.0109360.]] PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4406499 4406499]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25902063 25902063.]</ref><ref>Schön, I.; Martens, K. (2012). "Molecular analyses of ostracod flocks from Lake Baikal and Lake Tanganyika". ''Hydrobiologia''. '''682''' (1): 91–110. doi:[[doi:10.1007/s10750-011-0935-6|10.1007/s10750-011-0935-6]]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:14831643 14831643.]</ref> Go na le gape mefuta e mmalwa ya [[:en:Copepod|Copepoda]]<ref>Cirhuza, D.M.; Plisnier, P.-D. (2016)[https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/248670 . "Composition and seasonal variations in abundance of Copepod (Crustacea) populations from the northern part of Lake Tanganyika".] ''Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management''. '''19''' (4): 401–410. doi[[doi:10.1080/14634988.2016.1251277|:10.1080/14634988.2016.1251277]]. hdl:[[hdl:2268/248670|2268/248670]]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:90502032 90502032.][https://web.archive.org/web/20210722064916/https://orbi.uliege.be/handle/2268/248670 Archived] from the original on 22 July 2021. Retrieved 30 August 2020.</ref> e e tshelang mo letsheng.Limnocaridina iridinae e nna [[:en:Mantle_(mollusc)|mo gare ga dikarolo tsa mmele]] tsa [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pleiodon_spekei&action=edit&redlink=1 Pleiodon spekei,] mo teng ga kgapetla ya [[:en:Unionidae|mussel]] eno e sa e gobatse. Shrimp eno ke nngwe ya mefuta e le mebedi fela e e itseweng mo lefatsheng ya di-shrimp tsa metsi a a foreshe tse di tshelang ka mokgwa ono.<ref>De Grave, S.; Cai, Y.; Amnker, A. (2008). "Global diversity of shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) in freshwater". ''Hydrobiologia''. '''595''': 287–293. doi:[[doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9024-2|10.1007/s10750-007-9024-2.]] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:22945163 22945163.]</ref><ref>De Grave, S. (2013). [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/198058/2510158 "''Limnocaridina iridinae''".] [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|''IUCN Red List of Threatened Species''.]] '''2013''' e.T198058A2510158. doi:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T198058A2510158.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T198058A2510158.en.]] Retrieved 13 November 2021.</ref> Fa go bapisiwa le [[:en:Rift_Valley_lakes|matsha otlhe a Rift Valley]], Letsha la Tanganyika le feta tsotlhe ka palo ya mefuta ya crustaceans, palo ya mefuta ya dikgopa tsa metsi a a foreshe le palo ya mefuta e e fitlhelwang fela mo letsheng leo.<ref>Segers, H.; and Martens, K; editors (2005). ''The Diversity of Aquatic Ecosystems.'' p. 46. Developments in Hydrobiology. Aquatic Biodiversity. ISBN 1-4020-3745-7</ref> Matsha a mangwe fela a Rift Valley a a nang le makhala a metsi a a endemic ke Lake Kivu le Lake Victoria mme lengwe le lengwe la tsone le na le mefuta e le 2 fela ya makhala a endemic.<ref>Cumberlidge, N.; and Meyer, K. S. (2011)[http://commons.nmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=facwork_journalarticles . ''A revision of the freshwater crabs of Lake Kivu, East Africa.''] ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140725112334/http://commons.nmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=facwork_journalarticles Archived] 25 July 2014 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]'' Journal Articles. Paper 30.</ref><ref>Cumberlidge, N.; Clark, P.F. (2017). [[doi:10.5852/ejt.2017.371|"Description of three new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 from the Lake Victoria region in southern Uganda, East Africa (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae)".]] ''European Journal of Taxonomy'' (371): 1–19. doi:[[doi:10.5852/ejt.2017.371|10.5852/ejt.2017.371]]. hdl:[[hdl:10141/622400|10141/622400.]]</ref> '''Ditshedi tse dingwe tse di se nang marapo''' Pharologano ya ditlhopha tse dingwe tsa ditshedi tse di se nang marapo mo Letsheng la Tanganyika gantsi ga e ise e itsege sentle, mme go na le bonnye mefuta e e tlhalositsweng ya: [[:en:Leech|dileech]] tse 20 (12 endemic),<ref>Segers, H.; and Martens, K; editors (2005). ''The Diversity of Aquatic Ecosystems.'' p. 44. Developments in Hydrobiology. Aquatic Biodiversity. ISBN 1-4020-3745-7</ref> [[:en:Sponge|disepontšhe]] tse 9 (7 endemic), [[:en:Bryozoa|bryozoa]] tse 6 (2 endemic), [[:en:Flatworm|diboko tse di sephaphathi]] tse 11 (7 endemic), [[:en:Nematode|nematode]] tse 20 (7 endemic), [[:en:Annelid|annelid]] tse 28 (17 endemic),<ref>Kelly West (28 February 2001). [https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 "Results and Experiences of the UNDP/GEF Conservation Initiative (RAF/92/G32) in Burundi, D.R. Congo, Tanzania, and Zambia".] ''IW:LEARN | Documents''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230311162707/https://iwlearn.net/documents/6644 Archived] from the original on 11 March 2023. Retrieved 11 March 2023.</ref> le jellyfish e nnye ya [[:en:Hydrozoa|hydrozoan]] e e bidiwang [[:en:Limnocnida|Limnocnida]] tanganyicae.<ref>Salonen; Högmander; Langenberg; Mölsä; Sarvala; Tarvainen; and Tiirola (2012). ''Limnocnida tanganyicae medusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa): a semiautonomous microcosm in the food web of Lake Tanganyika.'' Hydrobiologia 690(1): 97–112.</ref> '''Go tshwara ditlhapi''' Letsha la Tanganyika le tshegetsa tiro e kgolo ya go tshwara ditlhapi, e e nayang batho ba ba nnang mo kgaolong eo 25–40%<ref>[http://www.mongabay.com/external/lake_tanganyika_warming.htm "Global warming is killing off tropical lake fish – Study of Lake Tanganyika".] www.mongabay.com. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150629225857/http://www.mongabay.com/external/lake_tanganyika_warming.htm Archived] from the original on 29 June 2015. Retrieved 14 March 2008.</ref> kgotsa mo e ka nnang 60% ya poroteine ya diphologolo mo dijong tsa bone.<ref name=":18">Jensen, M.R. (8 August 2016). [https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/lake-tanganyika-fisheries-declining-global-warming "Lake Tanganyika Fisheries Declining From Global Warming"]. University of Arizona. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180306085806/https://uanews.arizona.edu/story/lake-tanganyika-fisheries-declining-global-warming Archived] from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.</ref><ref name=":19">McGrath, M. (8 August 2016)[https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-37009305 . "Decline of fishing in Lake Tanganyika 'due to warming'"]. BBC. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180428163551/http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-37009305 Archived] from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 5 March 2018.</ref> Ditlhapi tsa Letsha la Tanganyika di romelwa kwa dikarolong tsotlhe tsa Afrika Botlhaba. Go tshwara ditlhapi ka kgwebo go simolotse bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo-1950, mme seno, mmogo le go gotela ga lefatshe, se amile thata palo ya ditlhapi, sa baka go fokotsega go go bonalang.<ref name=":18" /><ref name=":19" /><ref>O'Reilly, Catherine M.; Alin, Simone R.; Plisnier, Pierre-Denis; Cohen, Andrew S.; Mckee, Brent A. (14 August 2003). "Climate change decreases aquatic ecosystem productivity of Lake Tanganyika, Africa". ''Nature''. '''424''' (6950): 766–768. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Natur.424..766O 2003Natur.424..766O.] doi:[[doi:10.1038/nature01833|10.1038/nature01833.]] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12917682 12917682.] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:1637315 1637315.]</ref> Ka 2016, go ne ga akanyediwa gore tsotlhe tse di neng di tshwarwa di ne di fitlha go ditone di le 200,000.<ref name=":18" /> Go na le mekgwa e mentsi e baagi ba lefelo leo ba neng ba e dirisa ka setso go tshwara ditlhapi. Bontsi jwa yone bo ne bo akaretsa go dirisa lebone go gogela ditlhapi tse di gogelwang ke lesedi. Mo mafelong mangwe, mabone a a fetang lekgolo a ne a ka bonwa mo letsheng bosigo. Go ne go na le mekgwa e meraro ya motheo: O mongwe o ne o bidiwa Lusenga, e leng letloa le legolo le le dirisiwang ke motho a le mongwe a le mo mokorong. Wa bobedi e ne e le go dirisa letloa le le tsholediwang. Seno se ne se dirwa ka go folosa letloa boteng jwa metsi kafa tlase ga mokoro go dirisiwa mekoro e mebedi e e tsamayang e bapile, morago ba bo ba le goga kwa godimo ka nako e le nngwe. Wa boraro o ne o bidiwa Chiromila, o o neng o dirisa mekoro e meraro. Mokoro mongwe o ne o ema mo lefelong le le lengwe o tshwere lebone, fa mokoro o mongwe o tshwere ntlheng nngwe ya letloa mme o mongwe o dikologa mokoro o o emeng go kopana le letloa leo.<ref>''Lake Tanganyika and Its Life''. Oxford Press. 1991.</ref> '''Hisetori''' Go akanyediwa gore batho ba ntlha ba [[:en:Homo_sapiens|Homo sapiens]] ba ne ba simolola go nna le tlhotlheletso mo kgaolong eno ka nako ya [[:en:Stone_Age|Stone Age]]. Nako ya go tswa mo Middle Stone Age go ya mo Late Stone Age e tlhalosiwa jaaka motlha wa batsomi le bakgobokanyi ba ba neng ba setse ba tsweletse pele.<ref>''East African Ecosystems and Their Conservation''. New York: Oxford University Press.</ref> Mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bo-19 la dingwaga, bagwebi ba [[:en:Shirazi_people|Maarabia ba Baswahili]] ba ba tswang kwa [[:en:Zanzibar|Zanzibar]] ba ne ba tlhoma tsela ya [[:en:Caravan_(travellers)|dikharabane]] go tswa kwa [[:en:Bagamoyo|Bagamoyo]] ba feta [[:en:Tabora|Tabora]] go ya kwa [[:en:Ujiji|Ujiji]] mo Letsheng la Tanganyika. Ba ne ba tlisa mekepe ya [[:en:Dhow|matsela]] go tsamaya mo letsheng mme ba gweba ka [[:en:Indian_Ocean_slave_trade|makgoba]], manaka a tlou, ditlhobolo le khothone. Mo bagwebing bano, yo o neng a itsege thata e ne e le [[:en:Tippu_Tip|Tippu Tip]] mo seripeng sa bobedi sa lekgolo la bo-19 la dingwaga, yo o neng a tlhoma [[:en:Tippu_Tip's_state|puso]] kwa bophirima jwa letsha.<ref>Hall, Richard (1965). ''Zambia''. London: Pall Mall Press.</ref> Batho ba ntlha ba Bophirima ba ba itsiweng go bona letsha e ne e le babatlisisi ba Baebele [[:en:Richard_Francis_Burton|Richard Burton]] le [[:en:John_Speke|John Speke]] ka 1858. Ba ne ba le bona fa ba ntse ba batla motswedi wa [[:en:Nile_River|Noka ya Nile]]. Speke o ne a tswelela mme a bona motswedi wa nnete, e leng [[:en:Lake_Victoria|Letsha la Victoria]]. [[:en:David_Livingstone|David Livingstone]] o ne a etela letsha makgetlo a le mmalwa mo loetong lwa gagwe lwa bofelo jwa 1866–73, le ene a batla motswedi wa Nile. O ne a sekaseka mabopo a bogare jwa bophirima, bokonebotlhaba le bokone jwa letsha a dirisa mokoro. O ne a kopana ka tsela e e tumileng le [[:en:Henry_Morton_Stanley|Henry Morton Stanley]] kwa [[:en:Ujiji|Ujiji]] mo lotshitshing lwa botlhaba ka 1871, mme bobedi jwa bone ba [[:en:Livingstone–Stanley_Monument|tsamaya mmogo]] ka mokoro mo karolong ya bokone jwa letsha. Morago ga moo o ne a tsamaya ka lefatshe go bapa le lotshitshi lwa borwabotlhaba go fitlha kwa bokhutlong jwa borwa jwa letsha mme a tswelela bophirima go ya kwa Letsheng la Mweru. O ne a kwala leina “Liemba” bakeng sa karolo ya borwa ya letsha, lefoko le gongwe le tswang mo [[:en:Fipa_language|puong ya Fipa]].<ref>[https://www.gutenberg.org/files/16672/16672.txt "The Last Journals of David Livingstone, in Central Africa, from 1865 to His Death, Volume I (of 2), 1866-1868"]. ''Project Gutenberg eBook''. Retrieved 1 June 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.gutenberg.org/files/17024/17024-h/17024-h.htm "The Last Journals of David Livingstone, in Central Africa, from 1865 to His Death, Volume 2 (of 2), 1868-1873".] ''Project Gutenberg''. Retrieved 3 June 2026.</ref> <ref>David Livingstone (2008). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJRKJnFkJeIC&pg=PA212 ''The Last Journals of David Livingstone in Central Africa from 1865 to His Death''.] Vol. 1. BiblioBazaar. p. 338. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-554-26021-1|<bdi>978-0-554-26021-1</bdi>.]]</ref>Tanganyika e raya “dinaledi” mo [[:en:Luvale_language|puong ya Luvale.]]<ref>Daniel J. Crowley (Summer 1966). "An African Aesthetic". ''The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism''. '''24''' (4). Wiley: 519–524. doi:[[doi:10.2307/428776|10.2307/428776]]. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/428776 428776.]</ref>{{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Coordinates on Wikidata]] bad70qlk0kvkxlju1m9hqwgzirhfda4 0 13579 51555 50599 2026-06-25T11:17:35Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51555 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ataba''' ke toropo e e gaufi le lewatle kwa Andoni, Rivers State, [[Nigeria]]. <ref>Gogo, T.E.A.; Ukoima, H . N.; Chukunda, F. A (2022-08-11). [[doi:10.56201/ijaes.v8.no3.2022.pg17.28|"Floristic Abundance and Diversity of Mangrove in Polluted Soil of Ikuru Town, Andoni, Rivers State, Nigeria".]] ''International Journal of Agriculture and Earth Science''. '''8''' (3): 17–28. doi:10.56201/ijaes.v8.no3.2022.pg17.28. ISSN 2695-1894. S2CID 251525722.</ref>Toropo e itsege ka dikoko tsa yone tse dintsi le dikgapetla tsa maungo a mokolane. <ref>Alabi, A. B.; Salawu, M. A.; Jimoh, R. A.; Akomolafe, T. (2020-02-07). [[doi:10.4038/sljp.v21i1.8071|"Appraisal of mechanical properties of different particle sizes of palm kernel shell, coconut shell and mixed palm kernel-coconut shells particles epoxy-filled composites".]] ''Sri Lankan Journal of Physics''. '''21''' (1): 1. Bibcode:2020SLJP...21....1A. doi:10.4038/sljp.v21i1.8071. ISSN 2478-1193. S2CID 213618930.</ref>Mme gape le tlhapi e e foreshe, e kwa ntlheng ya bophirima jwa Andoni. <ref>[https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511675690.004 "Artisanal Towns",] ''Small Town Capitalism in Western India'', Cambridge University Press, pp. 56–92, 2012-03-12, doi:10.1017/cbo9780511675690.004, ISBN <bdi>9780511675690</bdi>, retrieved 2023-05-10</ref>Mo makgolokgolong a le mmalwa a dingwaga, Ataba e ne e le lefelo le go neng go fuduga batho ba le bantsi kwa go lone.<ref>OECD (2016-06-16). [https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2016/06/oecd-economic-surveys-united-states-2016_g1g68ece/eco_surveys-usa-2016-en.pdf "Inter-state migration has been declining". ''OECD Economic Surveys: United States 2016'' (PDF)]. OECD Publishing. doi:10.1787/888933380967. ISBN <bdi>978-92-64-25792-4</bdi>.</ref> == Tsela e e dirilweng ka yone == Toropo e arotswe ka dikgaolo di le robongwe: Egweisiyork, Egweite, Egweogogor, Egwebe, Egweaba, Egweituk, Egweosot, Egweaja, le Egwenkan. Ataba e na le diporofense di le pedi tsa sepolotiki mme e na le seabe se segolo mo dipolotiking tsa Andoni. <ref>[https://dx.doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674864931.c12 "Chapter Nine. The Civic Community and the Royal Government",] ''Exeter, 1540-1640'', Harvard University Press, pp. 203–245, 1975-12-31, doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674864931.c12, ISBN <bdi>9780674864924</bdi>, retrieved 2023-05-10</ref>Ke ntlo-kgolo ya Andoni West Archdeaconry ya Kereke ya Nigeria, ya Anglican Communion.<ref>[https://dx.doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674864931.c12 "Chapter Nine. The Civic Community and the Royal Government",] ''Exeter, 1540-1640'', Harvard University Press, pp. 203–245, 1975-12-31, doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674864931.c12, ISBN <bdi>9780674864924</bdi>, retrieved 2023-05-10</ref> == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == Ataba e na le melatswana e e nang le metsi a mantsi e e nang le dijo tsa lewatle tse dintsi. E dikologilwe ke Bonny LGA kwa borwa bophirima, Ogu-Bolo LGA kwa bokone bophirima, Gokana le Khana LGAs kwa bokone, metse e mengwe ya Andoni kwa botlhaba le Lewatle la Atlantic kwa borwa. <ref>[https://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350988361.ch-006 "Travelling north, south, east and west"], ''Talking Dance'', I.B. Tauris, 2016, doi:10.5040/9781350988361.ch-006, ISBN <bdi>978-0-85772-745-9</bdi>, retrieved 2023-05-10</ref> == Tsa mosepele == Tsela e e tsayang dibilione tsa diranta ya Bodo-Ataba-Bonny e tshegediwa ka madi ke NLNG le Puso ya [[Nigeria]]. Go solofetswe go bula Ataba le Bonny LGA go tlhabolola.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240908122938/https://www.nigerialng.com/csr/Pages/Infrastructure-Development.aspx "Infrastructure Development"]. ''www.nigerialng.com''. Retrieved 2023-05-</ref> == Metswedi == 4qi5661lkkbkmp2vqduckuguhxacadf 0 13593 51556 50664 2026-06-25T11:17:46Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51556 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Awash''' (e ka dinako tse dingwe e kwalwang Awaash; Oromo: Awaash or Hawaas, Amharic: ዐዋሽ, Afar: Hawaash We'ayot, Somali: Webiga Dir, Italian: Auasc) ke noka e kgolo ya [[Ethiopia]]. Tsela ya yone e tseneletse mo melelwaneng ya Ethiopia mme e felela mo letsheng la matsha a a golaganeng le a mangwe a a simololang kwa Letsheng la Gargori mme a felela kwa Letsheng la Abbe (kgotsa Abhe Bad) mo molelwaneng wa Djibouti, dikilometara di ka nna lekgolo (100) go tswa kwa tlhogong ya Kgogometso ya Tadjoura. Noka ya Awash ke noka e kgolo ya endoreic drainage basin e e akaretsang dikarolo tsa dikgaolo tsa Amhara, Oromia le Somalia, mmogo le halofo ya borwa jwa Kgaolo ya Afar. Noka ya Awash, e e akaretsang dikgaolo tsa tsamaiso di le masome a maedi le boraro (23), e akaretsa lesome (10%) ya kgaolo ya Ethiopia.<ref> [[doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038|Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> Gantsi kgaolo eno e na le dipaka tse pedi tsa dipula, e leng paka e khutshwane e e nnang ka March (Belg), le e telele e e nnang ka June go ya go September (Kiremt), tse ka dinako tse dingwe di welang mo pakeng e le nngwe ya dipula. Phetogo ya tlelaemete e solofetswe go oketsa tlhaelo ya metsi ka dipaka tsotlhe le mo dikarolong tsa lekadiba, ka ntlha ya koketsego e e lebeletsweng ya themperetšha le go fokotsega ga pula.<ref> Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International [[doi:10.3390/w10111560|License]]</ref> Mokgatsha wa Noka ya Awash ke one o o tlhabologang thata, o o dirisiwang, o o sa dirisiweng sentle, o o amilweng, le o o nang le baagi ba le bantsi (ba ba fetang lesome le botlhano (15%) kgotsa ba ba ka nnang dimilione di le 18,6 go tswa go ba le dimilione di le lekgolo le masome a mabedi (120) mo Ethiopia (go tloga kangwaga wa 2021). <ref name=":0">Abebe, Yosef; Whitehead, Paul; Alamirew, Tena; Jin, Li; Alemayehu, Esayas (2023)[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10497432 . "Evaluating the effects of geochemical and anthropogenic factors on the concentration and treatability of heavy metals in Awash River and Lake Beseka, Ethiopia: arsenic and molybdenum issues".] ''Environmental Monitoring and Assessment''. '''195''' (10): 1188.</ref>Go gola ka bonako ga temothuo, madirelo le go nna mo metsesetoropong mo teng ga lekadiba, mmogo le go gola ga palo ya batho go dira gore go nne le ditlhokego tse di oketsegang mo metsweding ya metsi ya lekadiba. Metswedi e megolo ya kgotlelo ya metsi mo mokgatšheng o o kwa godimo wa Awash e tswa mo matlakaleng a madirelo le a ditoropo, a a tswang mo temothuong (dibolayaditshenekegi, menontsha), le a a tswang mo matlakaleng. Madirelo a a kgotlelang mo lekadibeng a akaretsa madirelo a a dirang letlalo, madirelo a pente, mafelo a go tlhabela, madirelo a matsela, madirelo a bojalwa, madirelo a dino tse di tsididi, madirelo a sukiri, dikokelo, le madirelo a melemo.<ref name=":0" /> Mokgatšha wa Awash (segolo segolo wa Middle Awash) o tumile lefatshe ka bophara ka ntlha ya bontsi jwa hominin fossils, e e nayang temogo e e sa tshwaneng le epe ya tshimologo ya batho.<ref name=":1">[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/10 "Lower Valley of the Awash".] ''UNESCO World Heritage Site''. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 18 September 2021.</ref>"Lucy", e leng mongwe wa difosili tse di itsegeng thata tsa hominine ya bogologolo, o ne a ribololwa kwa tlase ga Mokgatšha wa Awash.<ref name=":1" /> Ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa yone jwa paleontology le anthropology, mokgatšha o o kwa tlase wa Awash o ne wa tsenngwa mo Lenaaneng la UNESCO la Ngwao-Boswa jwa Lefatshe ka ngwaga wa 1980.<ref name=":1" /> == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == Noka ya Awash gaufi le Asaita (2015) Noka ya Awash, e e akaretsang dikgaolo tsa tsamaiso di le masome a mabedi le boraro (23), e akaretsa lesome ( 10%) ya kgaolo ya Ethiopia mme e na le lesome le bosupa (17%) ya baagi ba yone. Karolo ya yone e mo kgaolong e e bidiwang Main Ethiopian Rift. <ref name=":2">Borgomeo, Edoardo; Vadheim, Bryan; Woldeyes, Firew B.; Alamirew, Tena; Tamru, Seneshaw; Charles, Katrina J.; Kebede, Seifu; Walker, Oliver (2018). [[doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2017.11.038|"The Distributional and Multi-Sectoral Impacts of Rainfall Shocks: Evidence From Computable General Equilibrium Modelling for the Awash Basin, Ethiopia".]] ''Ecological Economics''. '''146''': 621–632</ref>Noka ya Awash e boleele jwa dikilometara di le sekete le makgolo a mabedi (1200) (750 mi). <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101113215000/http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=184&format=raw&Itemid=466 "Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)"] Archived 2010-11-13 at the Wayback Machine, Table A.1. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 December 2009)</ref>E simologa kwa Ethiopia kwa bogodimong jwa dimetara di le dikete tse tharo (3,000) (9,800 ft) mme e feta mo mafelong a le mmalwa pele e kopana le Letsha la Abbe kwa bogodimong jwa dimetara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano (250) (820 ft).<ref name=":3">Abebe, Yosef; Alemayehu, Taye; Birhanu, Behailu; Alamirew, Tena; Alemayehu, Esayas (2024). [[doi:10.3390/su16125257|"Demystifying Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in a Volcano-Tectonic Region of Middle Awash, Ethiopia, for Multipurpose Use".]] ''Sustainability''. '''16''' (12): 5257. Bibcode:2024Sust...16.5257A</ref>Noka ya Awash e kgaogantswe ka dikarolo di le tharo: e e kwa godimo, e e fa gare le e e kwa tlase.<ref name=":3" /> Noka ya Awash e elela kwa borwa jwa Thaba ya Warqe, kwa bophirima jwa Addis Ababa mo woreda ya Dendi, gaufi le toropo ya Ginchi, West Shewa Zone, Oromia. Morago ga go tsena kwa tlase ga Great Rift Valley, Awash e elela go ya kwa borwa go dikologa Thaba ya Zuqualla go ya kwa botlhaba go tswa foo go ya kwa bokone-botlhaba, pele e tsena mo Koka Reservoir. Fa ba le koo, metsi a dirisiwa go nosetsa masimo a mmidi wa sukiri. Kwa tlase ga noka eno, noka ya Awash e ralala toropo ya Adama le Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Awash. E kopana le noka ya Germama (kgotsa Kasam) ka fa letlhakoreng la molema pele e retologela kwa bokone-botlhaba ka 11°0′N 40°30′E go fitlha kwa bokone ka lesome le bobedi (12°) pele e retologela kwa botlhaba go fitlha kwa letsheng la Gargori. Go na le dinoka, matsha, metswedi ya metsi a a bothitho le mafelo a a nang le ditlhatshana mo Middle Awash Basin.<ref>Abebe, Yosef; Alemayehu, Taye; Birhanu, Behailu; Alamirew, Tena; Alemayehu, Esayas (2024). [[doi:10.3390/su16125257|"Demystifying Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in a Volcano-Tectonic Region of Middle Awash, Ethiopia, for Multipurpose Use".]] ''Sustainability''. '''16''' (12): 5257.</ref> == Tlelaemete == Tlelaemete ya noka ya Awash e tlhotlhelediwa thata ke motsamao wa intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). Ka nako ya fa e ya kwa bokone ka March/April le fa e boela kwa borwa, ITCZ e dira dipaka tse pedi tsa dipula, e khutshwane go dikologa March (Belg), le e telele go dikologa kgwedi ya Seetebosigo Lwetse (Kiremt), tse di welang mo setlheng se le sengwe sa dipula. Nako ya dipula e na le go nna ya dipula tse pedi go ya kwa botlhaba jwa Ethiopia mme e batla e le ya dipula tse di nosi go ya kwa bophirima jwa Ethiopia. Nako e e fa gare ga Diphalane le Mopitlwe ke paka ya komelelo, e e bidiwang Bega.<ref>Seleshi, Yilma; Zanke, Ulrich (2004-06-30). "Recent changes in rainfall and rainy days in Ethiopia". ''International Journal of Climatology''. '''24''' (8): 973–983. Bibcode:2004IJCli..24..973S. doi:10.1002/joc.1052. ISSN 1097-0088.[https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fjoc.1052]</ref>Go na le maemo a komelelo go ya kwa go a komelelo kwa Rift Valley. Go farologana le seo, mafelo a a kwa godimo a amogela pula e e fetang dimilimetara di le 1,600 mo dikgweding di ka nna thataro ka ngwaga.<ref name=":4">Knoche, Malte; Fischer, Christian; Pohl, Eric; Krause, Peter; Merz, Ralf (2014). "Combined uncertainty of hydrological model complexity and satellite-based forcing data evaluated in two data-scarce semi-arid catchments in Ethiopia". ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''519''': 2049–2066. Bibcode:2014JHyd..519.2049K. [[doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.003|doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.003.]]</ref> == Go fetoga ga tlelaemete == Patlisiso e e dirilweng ka ngwaga wa 2018 e ne ya batlisisa ka ditlamorago tsa go fetoga ga tlelaemete mo metsweding ya metsi mo mokgatšheng wa Awash. Ba ne ba dirisa mefuta e le meraro ya tlelaemete go tswa mo Kgato botlhano ( 5) ya Porojeke ya go Bapisa Mekgwa e e Kopanetsweng ya go Bapisa (CMIP5) le ya dinako tse tharo tsa mo isagweng (2006 ⁇ 2030, 2031 ⁇ 2055, le 2056 ⁇ 2080). Dikai tseno di ne tsa tlhophiwa go ya ka tsela e di neng di dira ka yone fa go ne go tsewa ditshwantsho tsa hisitori ya go na ga pula. Nako e e dirisitsweng go dira papiso eno e ne e le ka ngwaga wa 1981 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 2005. Go nna teng ga metsi mo isagweng go ne ga fopholediwa jaaka pharologano fa gare ga pula le kgonagalo ya go tswafadiwa ga mowa go dirisiwa maemo a a tlhagisiwang ke tsela ya go nna teng ga metsi (RCP8.5). Ditshekatsheko tsa dipaka tse tharo tse di tlang di bontsha gore go tlhaela ga metsi go tla oketsega ka dipaka tsotlhe le mo dikarolong dingwe tsa lekadiba, ka ntlha ya go tlhatloga ga themperetšha le go fokotsega ga pula. Go fokotsega ga metsi go tlaa oketsa kgatelelo ya metsi mo sedibeng, go tshosetsa tshireletsego ya metsi mo dikarolong tse di farologaneng.<ref> [[doi:10.3390/w10111560|Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License]]</ref> == Thekenoloji ya metsi == Palogare (phanele e e ka fa molemeng) le koketsego ya phetogo (phanele e e ka fa mojeng) ya pula e e nang kgwedi le kgwedi go ya ka kgaolo ya botsamaisi mo mokgatšheng wa Awash (1979 -2015).<ref name=":1" /> Pula, komelelo le merwalela Pula e farologana thata mo lekadibeng go tswa ngwageng o mongwe go ya go o mongwe (seno se bidiwa go farologana go gogolo ga ngwaga le ngwaga). Go tlhaela ga metsi mo setlheng se se omeletseng go lemogilwe jaaka kgwetlho mo ditirong tse di farologaneng jaaka nosetso le tlamelo ya metsi a selegae ke Awash Basin Authority. <ref name=":2" />Le fa go ntse jalo, merwalela e diragala gantsi ka nako ya dipula ka Phukwi le Phatwe .<ref>Taye, M.T., Haile, A.T., Dessalegn, M., Nigussie, L., Bekele, T.W., Nicol, A., Dyer, E. & Tekleab, S. 2024. [https://reachwater.uk/resource/policy-and-practice-recommendations-on-flood-risk-management-in-the-awash-basin/ Policy and practice recommendations on flood risk management in the Awash basin]. REACH Discussion brief.</ref> Mofuta wa merwalela o farologane go ya ka bogodimo, bogare le kwa tlase ga lekadiba la Awash.[ Dipatlisiso di fitlhetse gore "mofuta le bogolo jwa merwalela mo Mokgatšheng wa Awash bo farologana thata go bontsha thutafatshe e e raraaneng ya mokgatšha". <ref name=":4" />: 7 Sekao, mo mafelong a ditoropo, merwalela ya tshoganyetso le go khurumela ga dinoka go a itsege. [ tshupiso e e tlhokegang ] Go gola ka bonako ga temothuo, madirelo le go nna mo metsesetoropong mo mokgatšheng wa Awash, mmogo le go oketsega ga palo ya batho go dira gore go nne le ditlhokego tse di ntseng di oketsega mo metsweding ya metsi a mokgatšha ono. Mokgatsha o itsege ka go fetofetoga ga tlelaemete go go tseneletseng go go akaretsang komelelo le merwalela, mme phetogo ya tlelaemete e ka nna ya oketsa dikgwetlho tse di leng teng. Maano a nako e e tlang a tsamaiso ya metsi a tshwanetse go akaretsa makala otlhe le go ela tlhoko tekatekano ya badirisi ba ba farologaneng. 5] Go ile ga batlisisiwa ka dikgato tsa go ipaakanyetsa merwalela mme nngwe ya dikakantsho ke go dirisa "thulaganyo ya tiriso ya lefatshe e e ikaegileng ka merwalela mo go akanyeng ga yone le mo mokgweng wa yone wa go dira dilo [...]. Se se raya go tlhaola (le go sireletsa) mafelo a a nang le merwalela gaufi le mafelo a go agilweng mo go one le go tlhaola mafelo a a ka letlelelwang go nna le merwalela go monya ditlamorago tsa ditiragalo tse di feteletseng". 12]: 41 == Metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe == Metsi a a kwa tlase ga lefatshe a a tlalelang a farologana magareng ga boleng jo bo fetang 350 millimetres (14 in) ka ngwaga kwa dithabeng tse di kwa godimo mme ga go na go tlaleletsa kwa tlase ga mokgatšha wa mogogoro. 10][13] Metsi a a kwa tlase ga lefatshe a tlaleleditswe thata kwa mekgokoloseng le kwa dithabeng tse di kwa godimo ga 1,900 m a.s.l.,<ref name=":5">Ayenew, Tenalem; Demlie, Molla; Wohnlich, Stefan (2008). "Hydrogeological framework and occurrence of groundwater in the Ethiopian aquifers". ''Journal of African Earth Sciences''. '''52''' (3): 97–113. Bibcode:2008JAfES..52...97A. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.022|10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2008.06.006.]]</ref>koo pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga e leng kwa godimo ga 1,000 millimetres (39 in).<ref name=":5" />Go solofetswe gape gore go tla nna le kgaso e nnye e e dirwang mo matlhakoreng a makgwamolelo a mogogoro wa lekgwamolelo.[ Go tlatsa gape metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe go dirwa gape kwa masimong a a nosediwang kwa Rift Valley.<ref name=":5" />Recharge go tswa mo dinokeng tse di latlhegileng le ka go tsenelela go tswa mo matsheng go na le seabe mo Main Ethiopian Rift le kwa borwa jwa Afar. Mokgatšha wa Awash ke lefelo le le nang le baagi ba le bantsi le le nang le madirelo a mantsi koo dikgwebo di le dintsi di ikaegileng ka metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe gore di kgone go dira. Ka jalo, bontsi jwa maiteko a tlhabololo ya batho mo sedibeng a tla tswelela go ikaega thata ka selekano le boleng jwa metsi a a kwa tlase ga lefatshe.<ref name=":6">Abebe, Yosef; Alemayehu, Taye; Birhanu, Behailu; Alamirew, Tena; Alemayehu, Esayas (2024). [[doi:10.3390/su16125257|"Demystifying Heavy Metals and Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in a Volcano-Tectonic Region of Middle Awash, Ethiopia, for Multipurpose Use".]] ''Sustainability''. '''16''' (12): 525</ref>Tlhokomelo ya metsi a a kwa tlase ga lefatshe e tlhoka dikgato tse di tserweng ka ntlha ya dikgwetlho tsa lefatshe tse di bakiwang ke go oketsega ka bonako ga palo ya batho, go dirwa ga ditoropo, go fetoga ga tlelaemete le ditiro tse di farologaneng tsa batho.<ref name=":6" /> == Tikologo == Bontsi jwa lekadiba la Awash ke karolo ya kgaolo ya dikgwa tsa dithaba tsa Ethiopia. Kwa mafelong a a kwa godimo, go na le bojang le dikgwa tsa dithaba tsa Ethiopia le mafelo a a nang le bojang a dithaba tsa Ethiopia. Kgaolo e e nang le ditlhare tsa ditlhare tsa Somali Acacia ⁇ Commiphora e na le bogodimo jo bo kwa tlase kwa Rift.<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287758543 "The ecozones of the world. The ecological division of the geosphere".] ''ResearchGate''. Retrieved 2017-10-21</ref> Dimela tsa mogogoro di na le thotloetso e e maatla ya batho.<ref>Knoche, Malte; Fischer, Christian; Pohl, Eric; Krause, Peter; Merz, Ralf (2014). "Combined uncertainty of hydrological model complexity and satellite-based forcing data evaluated in two data-scarce semi-arid catchments in Ethiopia". ''Journal of Hydrology''. '''519''': 2049–2066. [https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JHyd..519.2049K Bibcode:2014JHyd..519.2049K.] doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.003.</ref>Mo karolong yotlhe ya bogodimo le bogare jwa mokgatšha wa Awash, go sa ntse go bonala sentle masalela a mefuta e e farologaneng ya di-savanna. Di farologana go tswa go di-savanna tsa mebitlwa kwa tlase, ditlhatshana, bojang le di-savanna tse di bulegileng tse di kwa godimo ga 800 m le di-savanna tse di nang le ditlhare mo dithabeng le kwa dithabeng.<ref>Knoche, M. (2011). ''Hydrological Modelling of the Upper Awash Catchment (Main Ethiopian Rift)'' (Masters thesis). Freiberg, Germany: Technische Universität Freiberg.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awash_River#cite_note-:1-16]</ref> == Diphologolo == Mokgatšha o o kwa tlase wa Awash ke mongwe wa mafelo a bofelo a diphologolo tsa naga di sireleditsweng mo go one a tonki ya naga ya Afrika. Namagadi eno ga e sa tlhole e le teng kwa Yangudi Rassa National Park, mme e sa ntse e fitlhelwa kwa Mille-Serdo Wildlife Reserve e e bapileng le yone. Diphologolo tse dingwe tse dikgolo tse di tlholegang mo lefelong leno di akaretsa Beisa Oryx, Soemmering's gazelle, Dorcas gazelle, gerenuk le Grevy's zebra.<ref>Moehlman, P.D.; Kebede, F.; Yohannes, H. (2015). [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|"''Equus africanus''". ''IUCN Red List of Threatened Species''.]] '''2015''' e.T7949A45170994. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T7949A45170994.en. Retrieved 19 March 2026.</ref> Dikhukhwane le tsone di nna mo nokeng. == Metswedi == s9pvtfp060nj3eocf2y52q7qenjojh3 0 13640 51514 50763 2026-06-25T08:02:06Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51514 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Aguelmam-azegza-LAke-1.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Aguelmam Azegza]] Letsha la Aguelmam Azegza (in Central Atlas Tamazight: ⴰⴳⵍⵎⴰⵎ ⴰⵣⴳⵣⴰ <ref>Elmedlaoui, Mohamed (2022-06-01). [https://www.cairn.info/revue-etudes-et-documents-berberes-2022-1-page-77.htm?ref=doi "Moroccan toponymy and onomastics in the light of the Berber and Arabic sociolinguistic interaction:".] ''Études et Documents Berbères''. '''47''' (1): 95. doi:[[doi:10.3917/edb.047.0077|10.3917/edb.047.0077.]] ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0295-5245 0295-5245.]</ref> ke letsha la tlholego kwa Morocco le le akaretsang bogolo jwa diheketara tse masome a mane mme le fitlha boteng jwa dimetara tse masome a mabedi le botlhano. E kwa motseng wa Aguelmam Azegza kwa bogodimong jwa dimetara di le sekete le makgolo a matlhano (4,900 ft) kwa godimo ga lewatle.<ref>Zakaria Mahrer (2022). Natural heritage as a pillar of development and diversification of the tourism product in the region of Khenifra, Morocco. Journal of Science and Horizons of Knowledge. Pp. 227-229.</ref> Setšhaba se tsaya leina la sone mo letsheng, le le bidiwang ka leina la batho ba Ba-Amazigh mme le ranolwa e le letsha le le tala. Letsha leno le kwa porofenseng ya Khénifra ya kgaolo ya Béni Mellal-Khénifra, e e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a mararo go tswa kwa toropong ya Khénifra kwa bophirima jwa Middle Atlas. <ref>[https://www.geonames.org/2556576/aguelmane-azigza.html "Information about Aguelmam Azegza on geonames.org". geonames].org. Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20220513023236/https://www.geonames.org/2556576/aguelmane-azigza.html original] on 2022-05-13.</ref> Letsha le itsege ka go nna le bajanala ba le bantsi thata mo dikgweding tsa selemo.<ref>"Lake Aguelmam Azegza... Unfinished Rehabilitation (Reportage)". 2M.ma. Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20221015012734/https://2m.ma/ar/news/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%83%D8%B2%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%84-20220725 original] on 2022-10-15. Accessed on 2023-07-05.</ref> == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == Letsha la Aguelmam Azegza le mo kgaolong ya [[Béni Mellal-Khénifra]] kwa [[Morocco]], mo dithabeng tsa bophirima tsa Middle Atlas. Ke letsha la tlholego, le le nang le mmala o motala, le dikologilwe ke sekgwa se se kitlaneng sa sekgwa sa atlantic le sa ditlhare tsa oak. Kgwebo e kgolo mo kgaolong e ke ya phulo, mme bojanala le jone bo na le seabe se segolo. Letsha le na le boteng jwa dimetara tse di fetang masome a mabedi le botlhano mme le na le bogolo jwa diheketara tse di ka nnang masome a mane.<ref>[https://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=665221 "Saidi Mouloudi - The project for the development of the Aglamam Azaghza site in the Middle Atlas. Notes in passing". Civilized Dialogue]. Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20230130202400/https://www.ahewar.org/debat/show.art.asp?aid=665221 original] on 2023-01-30. Accessed on 2023-01-30.</ref> E na le metswedi ya metsi e bile e dikologilwe ke mafika a a motopo a a nang le kapoko.<ref>Zakaria Mahrer (2022). Natural heritage as a pillar of development and diversification of the tourism product in the region of Khenifra, Morocco. Journal of Science and Horizons of Knowledge. Pp. 227-229.</ref> Le fa gone letsha leno e se lefelo le le ratwang thata ke dinonyane, le na le mefuta e mentsi ya ditlhapi le di-crustacean. Mo godimo ga moo, ke lefelo le le botlhokwa thata la go nna la di-barbary macaque. <ref>[https://www.hespress.com/%D8%A3%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%83%D8%B2%D8%A7-%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D9%8A-22688.html "Aguelmam Azegza. A favorite destination for visitors to Ziane Metropolis". Hespress - Hespress is a Moroccan online newspaper.] October 7, 2009. Archived from the original on 2023-07-06. Accessed on 2023-07-05.</ref> == Bojanala == Ka ngwaga wa diketet tse pedi le masome a mabedi (2020), lefelo la Letsha la Aguelmam Azegza le ne la tlhabololwa go nna lefelo la bojanala go solegela banni ba ba dirang tiro ya bojanala molemo mo lefelong la diheketara tse tharo . Ditshenyegelo tsa tlhabololo di ka nna dirhams di le dimilione di le 4.18 go ya ka ditekanyetso tsa dikago tsa tlhago, tse di akaretsang ditshenyegelo tsa go baakanya ditsela tse di yang kwa letsheng. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230130212417/https://www.mapbenimellal.ma/%d8%aa%d9%87%d9%8a%d8%a6%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%83%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%83%d8%b2%d8%a7-%d8%a8%d8%ae%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%87/ "The development of Lake Aguelmam Azegza in Khenifra. A valuable contribution to the National Initiative for Human Development". MapBéniMellal.] August 7, 2022. Archived from the original on 2023-01-30. Accessed on 2023-01-30.</ref>Tlhabololo eno e ne e akaretsa go baakanya ditsela le go agiwa ga setlhopha sa mabenkele a a neng a dirilwe ka ditente tsa logong tsa Ba-Amazigh. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210921205126/https://alittihad.info/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%83%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%83%D8%B2%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85/ "In connection with the development of Lake Aguelmam Azegza: Betting on boosting mountain tourism in the region and creating jobs for the local population". AL ITIHAD.] August 2, 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-09-21. Retrieved 2023-07-05.</ref> <ref>[https://ar.le360.ma/economie/185267/ "Video: Amazigh kiosks adorn Aguelmam Azegza lake in Khenifra". Le 360 Arabe]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20230130205434/https://ar.le360.ma/economie/185267/ the original] on 2023-01-30. Accessed on 2023-01-30.</ref>Letsha la Aguelmam Azegza le tshameka motshameko wa ngwaga le ngwaga wa "Ice Swim Morocco" kgaisano ya boditšhabatšhaba, tiragalo ya boditšhabatšhaba ya go thuma mo metsing a a tsididi e e tshwarwang ka paka ya mariga kwa Letsha la Aguelmam Azegza. <ref>[https://alyaoum24.com/1767560.html Khenifra hosts the 6th edition of the cold water swimming competition at Lake Aguelmam Azegza". Youm24 - Today's news around the clock.] Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20230130202402/https://alyaoum24.com/1767560.html original] on 2023-01-30. Accessed on 2023-01-30.</ref><ref>[https://sadatv.ma/2022/01/23/%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%83%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a3%d8%b2%d9%83%d8%b2%d8%a7-%d8%ae%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%81%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%aa%d8%b6/ "In pictures... Lake Aguelmam Azegza Khenifra hosts the fifth edition of cold water swimming". Sada Tivi.] January 23, 2022. Archived from the original on 2022-05-23. Accessed on 2023-07-05.</ref> == Metswedi == 56ipuqsd4pj2febdz7n6185xn4nadqd 0 13644 51518 51048 2026-06-25T08:09:39Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51518 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Ifni in the Toubkal commune, High Atlas, Morocco.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Ifni]] '''Letsha la Ifni''' (Arabic: Dayet Ifni) ke letsha le le tala le le leng mo mmung wa [[Toubkal National Park]], kwa Toubkal (commune) ya Morocco, kwa teng ga thaba ya High Atlas, e e nang le tlelaemete ya kontinente, mme e okametswe ka tlhamalalo ke setlhoa se se kwa godimo go gaisa kwa Afrika Bokone, e leng setlhoa sa Thaba ya Toubkal. Letsha leno le tlhomologile ka ntlha ya mekgokolosa ya lone e e makgwakgwa, go nna ga lone kwa bofelong jwa mokgatšha, boteng jwa lone jo bogolo, le bogodimo jwa lone jo bo fetang jwa lewatle, jo bo ka nnang dimetara di le dikete tse pedi le makgolo a matlhano . Ka jalo, ke lengwe la matsha a a kwa godimo thata mo lefatsheng. Bogolo jwa yone bo ka nna diheketara di le masome a mabedi le borataro , boleele jwa yone bo ka nna dimetara di le makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa, mme bophara jwa yone bo ka nna dimetara di le makgolo a mane le masome a robabongwe. e na le lebelo la go tshologa la dimetara di le makgolo a mararo ka motsotswana, le boteng jwa dimetara di feta masome a mararo.<ref>[https://explore-agadirsoussmassa.com/en/ifni-lake-toubkal-massif/ "Ifni lake - Toubkal national park".] ''Explore Agadir Souss Massa''. 2020-07-26. Retrieved 2024-05-19.</ref><ref>admin (2020-11-04). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240625203318/https://atlas-mountain-trekking.com/toubkal-circuit-via-lake-ifni-high-atlas-mountains-6-days/ "Toubkal Circuit Via Lake Ifni & High Atlas Mountains (6 Days) | Trekking In Morocco – Holidays In The High Atlas Mountains".] Retrieved 2024-05-19.</ref> == Popego ya mmele == Ditso tsa jeoloji ya kgaolo e simolotse mo nakong ya pele ya jeoloji, dingwaga tse di fetang dimilione di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le botlhano tse di fetileng. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240602154833/https://earth104.tripod.com/geo%20content.htm "التاريخ الجيولوجي".] ''earth104.tripod.com''. Retrieved 2024-06-02.</ref> == Lefelo == Letsha la Ifni le kwa Parakeng ya Bosetšhaba ya Toubkal, kwa bophirima jwa Great View, segolobogolo mo kgaolong ya setšhaba sa Toubkal, porofense ya Taroudant, kgaolo ya Souss-Massa, gaufi le kgogedi ya Amsousart. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220903091316/https://explore-agadirsoussmassa.com/ar/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%81/ "بحيرة إفني - جبل توبقال - Explore Agadir Souss Massa"]. 2022-09-03. Archived from [https://explore-agadirsoussmassa.com/ar/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%81%D9%86%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%81/ the original] on 2022-09-03. Retrieved 2024-05-18.</ref> Letsha la Ifni le kwa bokhutlong jwa mokgatšha o o tswaletsweng, mo kgaolong e e dithaba e e nang le dithaba tse di thata tse di tlhamilweng dingwaga tse di fetang dimilione di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mane le botlhano tse di fetileng. Le dikologilwe ke mekgokolosa e e makgwakgwa mo dintlheng tsotlhe, ntle le kwa bophirima, koo le bulegelang kwa mokgatšheng ka fa godimo ga boalo jo bo dirilweng ka matlapa le maje, mme le lebilwe ka tlhamalalo ke setlhoa se se kwa godimo go gaisa kwa Afrika Bokone, e leng setlhoa sa Thaba ya Toubkal, dimetara di le dikete tse nne,lekgolo le masome a marataro le bosupa, go tlaleletsa kwa setlhoeng sa Ouanokarim le tse dingwe. <ref>[https://extremetour.pro/en/climb-mt-toubkal-lake-ifni "Climbing to Toubkal (4167 m) through Lake Ifni".] ''extremetour.pro''. Retrieved 2024-05-19.</ref> == Seemo sa Bosa == Letsha leno le na le tlelaemete e e tshwanang le ya kontinente, e mo go yone dithemperetšha tse di kwa godimo di fitlhang go didikirii di le masome a mane le botlhano ka selemo, mme ka mariga di wela kwa tlase ga lefela, mme seno se dira gore metsi a letsha leno a gatsetse. == Baagi == Letsha la Ifni le tsewa e le letamo la tlholego le baagi ba lone ba le dirisang go lema. Metse e e fetang lesome mo kgaolong eno e solegelwa molemo ke metsi a Letsha la Ifni. Go akanngwa gore baagi ba mafelo ano ba tswa mo merafeng ya Ba-Berber ba Atlantic. Puo e e buiwang thata mo kgaolong eno ke Se-Amazigh. Mo godimo ga temothuo, banni ba ikaegile ka mafulo jaaka motswedi wa ntlha wa lotseno la bona, segolo dipodi. <ref>[https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/353801538414553978/pdf/130404-WP-P159851-Morocco-WEB.pdf "CLIMATE VARIABILITY, DROUGHT, AND DROUGHT MANAGEMENT IN MOROCCO'S AGRICULTURAL SECTOR"] (PDF).</ref> == Bojanala == Letsha leno le ratiwa thata ke batho ba ba ratang metshameko ya kwa dithabeng mo nageng eno le mo dinageng tse dingwe. Le fa e le naga e e thata, ga se karolo yotlhe ya yone e e dirisediwang go fudisa diruiwa. Kafa ntlheng ya bophirima jwa letsha leno go na le lefelo le le bulegileng le le nang le dikago tse dinnye tse di diretsweng go dirisiwa ke bajanala. Gape batho ba le bantsi ba rata go kampa le go itlosa bodutu. Go agilwe tsela e e ralalang motse wa Imsuzart e e letlang bajanala go fitlha kwa lotshitshing ka koloi. Letsha leno gape le tsewa e le lefelo la go ema fa o palama Toubkal Peak go tswa kwa ntlheng ya botlhaba, mme go nna teng ga lone go tsosolosa itshololelo ya selegae ya banni, segolo thata ka nako ya kapoko. <ref>[https://highatlasfoundation.org/en/insights/coming-together-for-lake-ifni "Coming Together for Lake Ifni — High Atlas Foundation".] ''highatlasfoundation.org''. Retrieved 2024-05-29.</ref><ref>[https://trekatlas.com/treks/toubkal-region/lake-ifni-toubkal-summit "Lake Ifni - Toubkal Summit | TrekAtlas.com".] ''trekatlas.com''. Retrieved 2024-05-29.</ref><ref>صادق, نسرين (2021-01-11). [https://www.akhbaralaan.net/news/arab-world/2021/01/11/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A1-144-%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA ""قافلة شتاء" تدفيء 144 طفلاً بقرية امسوزارت". ''أخبار''] ''الآن'' (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-05-29.</ref> Go thuma mo Letsha la Ifni go thata e bile go kotsi. Lefelo leno le nnile le ditiragalo di le dintsi tsa go kgangwa ke metsi, segolobogolo mo bajanaleng. <ref>"تارودانت .. "بحيرة الموت" تخطف روح شاب في العشرينيات من عمره – العمق المغربي". 2021-09-23. Archived from [https://al3omk.com/668681.html the original] on 2021-09-23. Retrieved 2024-05-29.</ref> Mo dingwageng tsa bosheng jaana, dithaba tsa High Atlas di ile tsa ngoka palo e kgolo ya bajanala ba gantsi ba palamang Thaba ya Tubqal mme ba etela letsha leno. Mo godimo ga moo, go na le ditlamo tse dingwe tse di nayang fela go etela letsha, mo tirong ya malatsi a le mabedi,<ref>[https://s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/datasheets-alventus/datasheets/2017-03-28-19-46-22-1297-VE-017%20MARRUECOS%20TREK%20ATLAS.pdf "Alto Atlas Página 1 SENDEROS DEL ALTO ATLAS"] (PDF).</ref> == Setso == Filimi ya dikgang ya kwa Morocco Amouddou e ne ya rekota karolo ya yone ya bosupa kwa Atlas e kgolo mme segolobogolo kwa Letsheng la Ifni. == Metswedi == bj9e9qam6oizvbjcqlcvcslr0sjeqo4 0 13645 51525 50737 2026-06-25T08:18:30Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51525 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lac- Ouioune.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Ouioune]] '''Letsha la Ouiouane''' le kwa kgaolong ya [[Khenifra]] kwa [[Morocco]], lefelo la bojanala le le mo gare ga dithaba tsa Middle Atlas le dikgwa tsa mosedara, tse e leng tse dikgolo go gaisa kwa Morocco. E bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le lesome go tswa kwa ntlheng ya [[noka ya Oum Er-Rbia]] le dikilometara di le masome a mararo le bosupa go tswa kwa toropong ya M'rirt. <ref>[https://www.ahdath.info/98178 "Lake Ouiouane: Beauty and tranquility amidst garbage, waste and neglect".] Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20160803155901/http://www.ahdath.info/98178 original] on 2016-08-03.</ref><ref>[https://mamlakatona.com/archives/79202 Our Kingdom (November 4, 2018). "Lake Ouiouane ... indescribable natural beauty"]. Our Kingdom. Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200722020731/https://mamlakatona.com/archives/79202 original] on 2020-07-22. Accessed on 2020-07-22.</ref><ref>[https://ar.haberler.com/arabic-news-1267069/ "Lake Ouiouane in Morocco. Nature's magic". Haberler.com.] October 31, 2018. Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200722020659/https://ar.haberler.com/arabic-news-1267069/ original] on 2020-07-22. Accessed on 2020-07-22.</ref> Letsha la Ouiouane le na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhapi, go akaretsa carp le trout. <ref>[https://ardbladi.com/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%AE%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A9/ "The beauty of Lake Ouiouane in the Atlas Mountains near Khenifra".] Archived from the original on 2021-04-30.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210430081120/https://www.afrigatenews.net/article/%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D9%8F%D8%BA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8/ "Seductive waterfalls and lakes in Morocco's Middle Atlas"]. Archived from the original on 2021-04-30.</ref> Letsha la Ouiouane le le mo Parakeng ya Bosetšhaba ya Khenifra e e bogodimo jwa dimetara di le 1.600, le mo lenaaneng la Ramsar la mafelo a a botlhokwa a a nang le metsi a a botlhokwa mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Le fa go ntse jalo, ditlamorago tsa leroborobo la COVID-19 di ne tsa dira gore palo ya baeti e fokotsege.<ref>[https://2m.ma/ar/error "Pandemic keeps visitors away from Ramsar-listed Lake Ouiouane"]. Archived from the original on 2021-04-30.</ref><ref>[https://auberge-lac-ouiouane.com/tarifs/ "Hotel prices in Lake Ouiouane".] Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200804144501/https://auberge-lac-ouiouane.com/tarifs/ original] on 2020-08-04.</ref> == Metswedi == 8gcg5u9cr5bla8bien8ht3x91e7bydz 0 13646 51532 50738 2026-06-25T08:27:17Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51532 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake zerrouka, Morocco 687.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Zerrouka]] '''Letsha la Zerrouka''' ke letsha la kwa Morocco le le leng mo melelwaneng ya motse wa Tizguite mo porofenseng ya Ifrane, e e ka nnang kilometara e le nngwe (0.62 mi) go tswa kwa Ifrane. Letsha leno ke lefelo le le ratwang thata ke bajanala ba ba tswang kwa ditoropong tse di farologaneng tsa Morocco, mme le na le ditshono tsa go itlosa bodutu le go tshwara ditlhapi. Letsha leno le kgaogantswe ka dikarolo tse pedi tse di farologaneng, tse di bidiwang Letsha la Zerrouka 1 le Letsha la Zerrouka 2.<ref>Morocco, Al-Ahdath newspaper; Touhami, Rouchdi (August 16, 2023). [https://web.archive.org/web/20231204124437/https://www.ahdath.info/article/211806/%D9%85%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B9/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%AC/%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AD-%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A9 “Zarouga in the outskirts of Ifrane. A natural space that gives its visitors the pleasure of rest”]. Events.Anfo - Events.Anfo website. Archived from the original on 2023-12-04. Accessed on 2024-05-16.</ref> Letsha leno gape ke lefelo la mefutafuta ya dinonyane, tse di fudugang le tse di nnang koo, <ref>"ب[https://snrtnews.com/article/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9 حيرة زروقة.. بعيدا عن ضوضاء وحر المدينة".] ''SNRT News'' (in Arabic). 24 August 2021.</ref>go akaretsa le leeba la Rock, [[Eurasian collared dove, Common sandpiper, Little egret]],<ref>[https://ebird.org/hotspot/L976515 “Lac Zerouka, Meknès-Tafilalet, Morocco - eBird Hotspot”. ebird.org.] April 12, 2024. Archived from the [https://web.archive.org/web/20220202044631/https://ebird.org/hotspot/L976515 original] on 2022-02-02. Accessed on 2024-05-16.</ref> [[Grey heron, Gadwall, Common pochard, Great crested grebe]].<ref>[https://ebird.org/hotspot/L976515 “Lac Zerouka, Meknès-Tafilalet, Morocco - eBird Hotspot”. ebird.org.] May 10, 2024. Archived from the original on 2022-02-02. Accessed on 2024-05-16.</ref> Mo godimo ga moo, Letsha la Zerrouka le na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhapi, jaaka carp, common roach, pike, le rainbow trout. <ref>Yadari, Issam El (17 May 2022). "إفرا[https://ledesk.ma/arabia/%D8%A5%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AD/ ن.. جوهرة جبال الأطلس المتوسط الساحرة".] ''Le Desk'' (in Arabic).</ref> Ka ntlha ya go farologana ga ditshedi tsa letsha leno, le tsewa e le lefelo le le sireleditsweng, le fa e le gore go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro le nnile lefelo la mefuta ya ditshedi e e tlhaselang ya Ferrissia californica.<ref>Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University; Mabrouki, Youness; Glöer, Peter; Biodiversity Research Laboratory, Germany; Taybi, Abdelkhaleq F.; Mohammed First University (2023). [http://ncr-journal.bear-land.org/article/398 "The first record of the North American freshwater limpet Ferrissia californica (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in Morocco".] ''Nature Conservation Research''. '''8''' (1). doi:10.24189/ncr.2023.004.</ref> == Tsela e Tikologo e Leng ka Yone == Letsha la Zerrouka le kwa bogodimong jwa 1,600 m (5,200 ft) le boteng jwa 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) le bogolo jwa 3.5 ha (8.6 acres). == Metswedi == rrqe1l3iziac3e41rks3pdijzyzq509 0 13648 51515 51047 2026-06-25T08:05:42Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51515 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Akfadou''', le le itsegeng gape e le '''Letsha le Lentsho''', le mo dithabeng tsa Djurdjura, mo teng ga Djurdjura National Park. E fa gare ga diporofense tsa Algeria tsa Tizi Ouzou le Béjaïa. == Kakaretso == Letsha le Lentsho, le le itsegeng ka Se-Berber e le "Oqlimim Afrakan", le kwa sekgweng sa Akfadou, gaufi le Tsela ya Bosetšhaba ya masome a mararo le bone. E itsege ka ditlhare tsa yone tse dintsi tsa moakere. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170202140046/http://www.djazairess.com/fr/lemaghreb/78281 Djazairess : Tizi-Ouzou / Virée au Lac Noir de l'Akfadou :] une invitation au repos Archived February 02, 2017 at Wayback Machine.</ref> Oqlimim Afrakan e kwa bogodimong jwa dimetara di le sekete le makgolo a mabedi mme ke lefelo le le ratwang ke bajanala ba ba ratang tlhago ba ba batlang go tshabela botshelo jwa toropo ka tidimalo. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170202135745/http://www.djazairess.com/akhbarelyoum/188883 About : The Black Lake of Akfadou, the Jewel of the Djerjara, is an eye-catching gem] Archived February 02, 2017, at [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine.]]</ref> Letsha leno le le bogolo jwa diheketara di le tharo le le boteng jwa mo e ka nnang metara o le mongwe, le bontsha mebala e mentsi. Tseno di akaretsa botala jwa loapi, bosweu jo bo tswang mo marung, le botala jo bo tseneletseng jo bo tswang mo ditlhareng tsa oak tse di e dikologileng go tswa mo matlhakoreng otlhe. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170202135014/http://www.djazairess.com/echchaab/34295 Interesting : Recreational space and neglected forest wealth] Archived February 02, 2017, at [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine.]]</ref> Go ile ga agiwa sekgoreletsi sa maitirelo mo letlhakoreng le lengwe la letsha leno gore metsi a nne mo maemong a a rileng. Go nna teng ga ditlhare tse di nwetseng go le gonnye mo letsheng.<ref>[https://www.aps.dz/regions/45395-vir%C3%A9e-au-lac-noir-de-l%E2%80%99akfadou-une-invitation-au-repos-reportage Algérie Presse Service - Virée au Lac Noir de l'Akfadou : une invitation au repos] Archived February 2, 2017, at [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine.]]</ref> Dikoloi, go akaretsa dikoloi le dibese tse dinnye, di eme gaufi le letsha leno morago ga gore di dirisiwe go rwala bajanala ba ba tswang kwa dinageng tse di mabapi ba ba tlang go ijesa monate mo matlhakoreng a lone. Malapa, ditlhopha tsa ditsala, le batsamaya ka dinao ba batla go ikhutsa mo mogoteng ka fa tlase ga meriti ya ditlhare mo lefelong leo. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170202135815/http://www.djazairess.com/alfadjr/340548 About : The "Black Lake" in the Akvado Forest. A virgin nature that enchants visitors] Archived February 02, 2017, at [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine.]]</ref> Gape go na le digwagwa tse di tlolelang tse di nnang mo lefelong leno. Setlhare se se wetseng mo metsing se na le segwagwa se segolo se baeti ba se bitsang "dinosaur". Eno ke nngwe ya ditlhamane tsa Oqlimim Afrakan. Lefelo la thutamarope la motse wa Mahaqa, le le simolotseng ka nako ya Baroma kgotsa le eleng nako e kgologolo, le le bidiwang "Akham Ojhali", le emela dilo tse di kgatlhang tsa thutamarope le tsa ditso tse di sa ntseng di sa itsiwe ke borasaense. == Metswedi == ije01rtjqfen4vnn68jnjymgodozn5j 0 13672 51562 50799 2026-06-25T11:28:03Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51562 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Breede|river_name=Bree|image_name=Breede River.jpg|caption=Noka ya Breede dikhilomithara di le tlhano go tswa kwa molomong|image_map=South Africa relief location map.svg|map_caption=Molomo wa noka ya Breede|basin_countries=[[Aforika Borwa]]|location=[[Kapa Bophirima]]|mouth=Witsand|origin=Bokone jwa Swartberg}} '''Noka ya Breede''', e e itsegeng gape e le '''noka ya Bree''' ke noka e e kwa [[Kapa Bophirima]] jwa [[Aforika Borwa]]. Fa o ya kwa bokone go tswa kwa toropong ya [[Cape Town]], noka e elelela kwa bophirima go ya botlhaba. Dithaba tse di mo bophirima jwa yone di ne di kgaoganya dikgaolo tsa lefatshe mo go itemogetsweng ke bathibeledi ba yurope ka didikadike tsa dingwaga di le lesome le borobabobedi. Noka ya Witels le ya Dwars di nna noka ya Bree. == Metswedi == Lefelo la ntlha le e tshelang kwa go lone ke kwa thabeng aya Skurweberg gaufi le Ceres. Metsia tlaa bo a elela go feta Michell's Pass pele ga a ya lefelong la Worcester.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210413032623/https://www.places.co.za/html/breedevalley.html "Breede River Valley"]. ''www.places.co.za''.</ref> Molomo wa noka ke letangwana le le kwa Witsand kwa lewatleng la Indian.<ref>[http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/estuary/catch/bree.html Bree - estuary] [https://web.archive.org/web/20061008000217/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/estuary/catch/bree.html Archived] October 8, 2006, at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref> == Tse di tshelang mo go yone == Mo motsamaong wa yone go kgabaganya mokgatsha wa noka ya Breede, e kopanngwa ke Hosloot le Smallblaar, go tswa kwa mafelong a one, go nna dithaba tsa Toitskloof le Stettyn. Noka ya Hex e e tshelang kwa dthabeng tsa Hex e kopana le noka ya Breede go tswa kwa bokone-botlhaba. Kwa tlase noka ya Slang le ya Buffeljags di tshelwa ke dithaba tse di kwa borwa tsa dithaab tsa Langeberg pele ga e tshela metsi a tsone kwa nokeng ya Breede. Gaufi le Swellendam noka e kopana le Riviersonderend, ka lefelo la yone le le kapang metsi kwa dithabeng tse di dikaganyeditseng letamo la Theewaterskloof gaufi le Villiersdorp. == Matamo mo nokeng == Letamo la Brandvlei, le feditswe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le borataro (1936) la atolosiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bosupa (1987), le isa metsi kwa diporojekeng di le mmalwa tsa nisetso kwa mohameng wa temothuo wa kgaolo eo. Mo lefelong leo go na le matamo a le mmalwa a mangwe: * [[Letamo la Stettynskloof]] * [[Letamo la Zwiegelaars]] * [[Letamo la Theewaterskloof]] * [[Letamo la Elandskloof]] * [[Letamo la Pietersfontein]] * [[Letamo la Poortjieskloof]] == Ditiragalo == Noka ya Breede e tumile ka maeto a go pagama mekoro. Metsi a a elelang ka bonya le go tlhoka go nna le dikwena, dikubu le menang go dira gore e nne lefelo le le rategang la boitapoloso ak mafelo a beke. Dikompone tsa maeto di le dintsi di simolola dikhilomithara di le masome mabedi kwa borwa jwa Swellendam ka mekoro ya batho ba le babedi. Noka e ya tsamaega mo dikhilomithareng di le masome mabedi le borobabobedi, go tswa kwa molomong kwa Witsand. == Diphologolo == Maruarua a matona gantsi a tsena mo letangwaneng a nna mo metsing a noka ya Breede, mangwe a binwe dikhilomithara di le tlhano kwa godimo ga noka.<ref>Wavescape, Spike at. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220817142318/https://www.wavescape.co.za/environment/sharks/bizarre-bull-shark-record.html "Bizarre Bull Shark Record".] ''www.wavescape.co.za''.</ref> Maruarua a, a ne a tlhagelela mo legatong la bobedi la River Monsters. Jaaka patlisiso ya ga Jeremy Wade e supa, maruarua a noka ya Breede a matona go feta a a tlwaelesegileng ka ntlha ya go tlwaela go utswa ditlhapi tsa batshwara ditlhapi, go a letla go ja le go oketsega mmele a sa sokola. Golo mo, le go itekanela ga noka go bakile go tlhoka ditlhaselo tsa maruarua mo bathong mo kgolong eo.<ref>"Hidden Predator". ''River Monsters''. 30 May 2010. [[:en:Animal_Planet|Animal Planet.]]</ref> == Ditshwantsho == [[Setshwantsho:Alvi's Drift low-water bridge across the Breede River.jpg|left|thumb|Borogo jwa Alvi's Drift go kgabaganya noka ya Breede]] [[Setshwantsho:Breede River PA020053.JPG|center|thumb|Breede go tswa Bontebok Park]] == Metswedi == jav9s7kkjhwrwgn6hdmcsyh9xkvufgd 0 13675 51521 51051 2026-06-25T08:12:37Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51521 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Mim lake1.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Mim]] '''Letsha la Mim''', le kwa tshimologong le neng le itsege jaaka '''Letsha la Anwomasu''', ke letsha le le mo teng ga naga le le kwa ntle ga [[Mim]] mo Kgaolong ya Masepala wa Asunafo Bokone mo Kgaolong ya Ahafo ya [[Ghana]]. Letsha leno ke lefelo la bojanala le le sa bonweng mme le na le bokgoni jwa go nna lefelo la bojanala le le fa thoko ga letsha. Batho ba ba ratang go itlosa bodutu gantsi ba a e etela.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250802233210/https://ahafonews.com/south-african-high-commission-counselor-of-economic-embarks-on-two-2-days-visit-to-ahafo-region/ "South African High Commission Counselor of Economic Embarks On Two (2) Days Visit To Ahafo Region".] June 8, 2021.</ref> <ref>[http://asunafonorth.ghanadistricts.gov.gh/ "ASUNAFO North Municipal Assembly"]. ''ASUNAFO North Municipal Assembly''. Retrieved 2021-11-05.</ref><ref>Dennis, Owusu (June 10, 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20251030161526/https://soireenews.com/ahafo-regional-minister-woos-south-africans-on-potential-investment "Ahafo Regional Minister Woos South Africans on potential Investment".] ''SoireeNews''.</ref> == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == Letsha la Mim le le kwa [[6.91873°N 2.55269°W]] le gaufi le tsela ya Mim - kenyasi, e e ka nnang 1 km (0.62 mi) kwa bokone jwa toropo ya Mim. Metse e megolo e e dikologileng letsha leno ke Mim, Asukese le Nkensere. == Ditso le Batho == Letsha leno ke go atolosiwa ga noka ya bogologolo ya Anwomasu e e neng e le letsha la tlholego. Go atolosiwa ga letsha leno go ne ga dira gore le fetoge letsha la maitirelo le kwa tshimologong le neng le dirisediwa ditiro tsa madirelo le tsa mo gae. Morago ga go dirisiwa ka masomesome a dingwaga, Letsha leno le le nang le dilo tse di farologaneng tsa tlholego le sa ntse le le teng e le lefelo le le ngokang bajanala. Letsha leno le na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya dimela le diphologolo. Gareng ga mefuta ya ditlhapi mo letsheng ke di endemic cichlid hemichromis frempongi, le di-endemic cichlids tilapia busumana le T. discolor.<ref>[[google:anwomasu+lake|"anwomasu lake - Google Search".]] ''Google''</ref> Letsha leno le golagantswe le molete o o isang kwa Letamong la Ayum kwa 6.9105600°N 2.5605000°W, dimetara di se kae go tswa kwa Ayum Forest Products Ltd. Letamo leno le dirisediwa ditiro tsa madirelo le tsa mo gae. == Ditiragalo == Go nnile le ditiragalo di le mmalwa tse di farologaneng fa batho ba le babedi, ba dingwaga di le masome a matlhano le bosupa le masome a mararo le bongwe ba ne ba nwela mo letsheng ka dinako tse di farologaneng. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rejoicefmonline.com/2021/03/26/sad-story-as-57-year-old-man-drown-3-days-after-missing-at-mim/ |title="SAD STORY AS 57-YEAR-OLD MAN DROWN 3 DAYS AFTER MISSING AT MIM – Rejoicefmonline.com". |access-date=2026-06-16 |archive-date=2022-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120214453/https://rejoicefmonline.com/2021/03/26/sad-story-as-57-year-old-man-drown-3-days-after-missing-at-mim/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[https://myrepubliconline.com/ahafo-region-man-57-drowns-in-mim-dam/ "AHAFO REGION: Man, 57, drowns in Mim Dam".] March 26, 2021.</ref><ref>[https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Man-found-dead-in-a-river-1234051 "Man found dead in a river".] ''GhanaWeb''. April 15, 2021.</ref> == Metswedi == 5qmtlyjkbmjop20qdh1ks2v1gnyvk0x 0 13679 51470 50807 2026-06-24T19:17:00Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the section "Political career" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356192141|Linda Masarira]]" 51470 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Linda Tsungirirai Masarira''' (Phalane a le malatsi mararo ka 1982 – Motsheganong a le malatsi a masome mabedi le bone ka 2026) e ne e le lepolotiki la Zimbabwe yo o neng a dira jaaka sebueledi sa nngwe ya makokokganetso a mannye kwa Zimbabwe, [[MDC-T]] e e neng e eteletswe pele ke [[Thokozani Khupe]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2018 |title=Newly Appointed MDC T Spokesperson, Linda Masarira Issues Maiden Press Statement |url=https://www.zimeye.net/2018/04/26/newly-appointed-mdc-t-spokesperson-linda-masarira-issues-maiden-press-statement/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Zimeye.net}}</ref> Masarira gape e ne e le molwela ditshwanelo tsa setho yo o neng a itsege ka seabe sa gagwe sa go buelela puso ya batho ka batho, tekatekano, tekatekano ya bong, ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ba basetsana, go akaretsa le kgololesego ya itsholelo le sepolotiki ya ditlhopha tse di kgaphetsweng kwa thoko tsa setšhaba. E ne e le mothei le tautona wa lekoko la sepolotiki la Zimbabwe la Labor Economists and African Democrats (LEAD) mmogo le leloko la setlhopha sa Puisano ya Badiragatsi ba Sepolotiki (POLAD). O ne a nna ditlhogo tsa dikgang fa a ne a garaswanya Mary Mubaiwa yo o lwalang yo o kileng a bo e le mosadi wa motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao wa seporofešenale Shingi Kawondera morago ga go kgaogana ga bone, Mary Mubaiwa o ne a nyala Mojenerale wa Sesole wa nako eo Constantino Guvheya Nyikadzino Chiwenga yo ga jaana e leng mothusa tautona wa Zimbabwe wa gompieno. Mary le Chiwenga ba ne ba kgaogana. == Kwa morago == Linda Masarira o goletse kwa Harare kwa a neng a nna teng pele ga a fudugela kwa [[Bulawayo]], [[Hwange]] le [[Mutare]] kwa a neng a thapiwa teng jaaka mosadi wa terena. O ne a boela kwa Harare ka 2015 mme morago ga moo a bopa Selekane sa Basadi ba Zimbabwe mo Dipolotiking. Masarira o tlhokafetse Motsheganong a le malatsi a masome a mabedi le bone ka ngwaga wa 2026, a le dingwaga di le masome mane le boraro.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rights activist and LEAD founder Linda Masarira dead at 43|url=https://www.zimlive.com/rights-activist-and-lead-founder-linda-masarira-dead-at-43/|accessdate=24 May 2026}}</ref> == Bolwela-ditshwanelo tsa setho == Morago ga motseletsele wa ditshupegetso, dikopo le ditshupegetso tsa go gatakiwa ga ditshwanelo tsa setho ke [[Puso ya Zimbabwe]] ka nako ya puso ya ga Mugabe e a neng a e rulagantse, o ne a golegwa malatsi a a fetang masome a ferabobedi kwa Kgolegelong ya Chikurubhi Maximum ka ntlha ya go gwetlha puso go tlotla setho. Mo malatsing a gagwe a go golegwa, Masarira o ne a kokoanya magolegwa ka ene a basadi mme a etelela pele boipelaetso jwa magolegwa kgatlhanong le maemo a a maswe a basadi ba neng ba lebagane le one go akaretsa le go tlhoka mesangwana le go fitlhelela ditirelo tsa kalafi sentle. Ka ntlha ya go nna molweladitshwanelo, Masarira o ne a sotliwa setlhogo mme a fudusediwa kwa kgolegelong ya banna kwa a neng a bewa a le esi teng go fitlha kgabagare a ya go letlela tsheko kwantle ga kgolegelo ka taelo ya kgotlatshekelokgolo ka Lwetse 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Linda Masarira finally released from prison - Zimbabwe Latest News |url=http://zimbabwelatestnews.net/linda-masarira-finally-released-from-prison/#sthash.8tYwVuUK.dpbs |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Zimbabwelatestnews.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2016 |title=HORROR PICTURES: Zimbabwe Pro-democracy activist Linda Masarira Appeared In Court |url=https://www.zambianobserver.com/horror-pictures-zimbabwe-pro-democracy-activist-linda-masarira-appeared-in-court/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Zambianobserver.com}}</ref> == Maemo a a a tshegeditseng == * Mothei le mogokaganyi wa bosetšhaba wa Zimbabwe Women in Politics Alliance. * Mogokaganyi wa Young African Leadership Forum (Kgaolo ya Zimbabwe). * Mothei le Modulasetulo wa Association of Railways Terminated Employees. * Modulasetilo wa Balwela Kgololesego ba Phetogo. * Modulasetilo wa setlhopha sa boraro sa botsalano jwa STAR. * Moithuti wa nako e e fetileng wa FES. * Tautona wa pele wa Mokgatlho wa badiri ba Diterena (2008–2013). == Dietsele le kakgolo == * Zimrights Mosireletsi wa Ditshwanelo tsa Setho wa Mosadi wa ngwaga wa 2016<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human rights defenders to be honoured |url=https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2016/11/24/human-rights-defenders-to-be-honoured |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Dailynews.co.zw}}</ref> * Seetsele sa [[Giraffe]] sa Ditshwanelo tsa Setho<ref>{{Cite web |title=Linda Masarira |url=https://www.giraffe.org/linda-masarira |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Giraffe.org}}</ref> * Mosadi wa botlhano yo o Maatla go Gaisa Botlhe mo Lefatsheng wa [[Fortune Magazine]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The World's Most Powerful Women: December 5 |url=https://fortune.com/2016/12/05/the-worlds-most-powerful-women-december-5/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Fortune.com}}</ref> * Mosadi wa Moaforika yo o Kgatlhang wa Phalane 2017 == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] == Tiro ya sepolotiki == Masarira e ne e le leloko la komiti ya taolo ya khuduthamaga ya People’s Democratic Party (PDP) e e neng e ikarabela ka go thapa le go kokoanya batho. E ne e le sebueledi sa Movement for Democratic Change ( MDC-T ) o o neng o eteletswe pele ke Tautona Ngaka [[Thokozani Khupe]] . Ka Seetebosigo 2018, Linda o ne a ikwadisa ka katlego go emela setilo sa palamente ya Harare Central mo ditlhophong tsa 2018 a tlhotlhelediwa ke tekatekano ya gagwe ya bong le tumelo ya gagwe ya gore a ka kgona go dira pharologanyo mo badiring botlhe ba ba lebaneng le tshiamololo ya badiri kwa [[Zimbabwe]] . Ka Phalane 2021, Masarira o ne a nganga mo Twitter gore Khomišene ya Ditlhopho ya Zimbabwe e tshwanetse go tlhatlosa dituediso tsa go tlhophiwa, go simolola ka dikete tse masome a mabedi le botlhano go ya go dikete tse masome a matlhano USD, go tlhama lefelo la sepolotiki le le tletseng ka ditekanyetso tsa maikutlo a a kwa godimo. Le fa go ntse jalo, ene ka boene o ne a palelwa ke go kokoanya letlole la go tlhophiwa, mme seno sa dira gore a thibelwe go tsenelela ditlhopho tsa 2023 mmogo le go sotlwa mo mafaratlhatlheng a tlhaeletsano.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=African feminist activism and democracy: Social media publics and Zimbabwean women in politics online - African Journal of Inclusive Societies |url=https://www.si-ajis.org/articles/african-feminist-activism-and-democracy-social-media-publics-and-zimbabwean-women-in-politics-online/ |access-date=2025-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> iwg05gr8a1l31ulmmjrpvhip6mmbos7 51471 51470 2026-06-24T19:19:23Z KatieKea 10150 51471 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Linda Tsungirirai Masarira''' (Phalane a le malatsi mararo ka 1982 – Motsheganong a le malatsi a masome mabedi le bone ka 2026) e ne e le lepolotiki la Zimbabwe yo o neng a dira jaaka sebueledi sa nngwe ya makokokganetso a mannye kwa Zimbabwe, [[MDC-T]] e e neng e eteletswe pele ke [[Thokozani Khupe]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 April 2018 |title=Newly Appointed MDC T Spokesperson, Linda Masarira Issues Maiden Press Statement |url=https://www.zimeye.net/2018/04/26/newly-appointed-mdc-t-spokesperson-linda-masarira-issues-maiden-press-statement/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Zimeye.net}}</ref> Masarira gape e ne e le molwela ditshwanelo tsa setho yo o neng a itsege ka seabe sa gagwe sa go buelela puso ya batho ka batho, tekatekano, tekatekano ya bong, ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ba basetsana, go akaretsa le kgololesego ya itsholelo le sepolotiki ya ditlhopha tse di kgaphetsweng kwa thoko tsa setšhaba. E ne e le mothei le tautona wa lekoko la sepolotiki la Zimbabwe la Labor Economists and African Democrats (LEAD) mmogo le leloko la setlhopha sa Puisano ya Badiragatsi ba Sepolotiki (POLAD). O ne a nna ditlhogo tsa dikgang fa a ne a garaswanya Mary Mubaiwa yo o lwalang yo o kileng a bo e le mosadi wa motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao wa seporofešenale Shingi Kawondera morago ga go kgaogana ga bone, Mary Mubaiwa o ne a nyala Mojenerale wa Sesole wa nako eo Constantino Guvheya Nyikadzino Chiwenga yo ga jaana e leng mothusa tautona wa Zimbabwe wa gompieno. Mary le Chiwenga ba ne ba kgaogana. == Kwa morago == Linda Masarira o goletse kwa Harare kwa a neng a nna teng pele ga a fudugela kwa [[Bulawayo]], [[Hwange]] le [[Mutare]] kwa a neng a thapiwa teng jaaka mosadi wa terena. O ne a boela kwa Harare ka 2015 mme morago ga moo a bopa Selekane sa Basadi ba Zimbabwe mo Dipolotiking. Masarira o tlhokafetse Motsheganong a le malatsi a masome a mabedi le bone ka ngwaga wa 2026, a le dingwaga di le masome mane le boraro.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rights activist and LEAD founder Linda Masarira dead at 43|url=https://www.zimlive.com/rights-activist-and-lead-founder-linda-masarira-dead-at-43/|accessdate=24 May 2026}}</ref> == Bolwela-ditshwanelo tsa setho == Morago ga motseletsele wa ditshupegetso, dikopo le ditshupegetso tsa go gatakiwa ga ditshwanelo tsa setho ke [[Puso ya Zimbabwe]] ka nako ya puso ya ga Mugabe e a neng a e rulagantse, o ne a golegwa malatsi a a fetang masome a ferabobedi kwa Kgolegelong ya Chikurubhi Maximum ka ntlha ya go gwetlha puso go tlotla setho. Mo malatsing a gagwe a go golegwa, Masarira o ne a kokoanya magolegwa ka ene a basadi mme a etelela pele boipelaetso jwa magolegwa kgatlhanong le maemo a a maswe a basadi ba neng ba lebagane le one go akaretsa le go tlhoka mesangwana le go fitlhelela ditirelo tsa kalafi sentle. Ka ntlha ya go nna molweladitshwanelo, Masarira o ne a sotliwa setlhogo mme a fudusediwa kwa kgolegelong ya banna kwa a neng a bewa a le esi teng go fitlha kgabagare a ya go letlela tsheko kwantle ga kgolegelo ka taelo ya kgotlatshekelokgolo ka Lwetse 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Linda Masarira finally released from prison - Zimbabwe Latest News |url=http://zimbabwelatestnews.net/linda-masarira-finally-released-from-prison/#sthash.8tYwVuUK.dpbs |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Zimbabwelatestnews.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 September 2016 |title=HORROR PICTURES: Zimbabwe Pro-democracy activist Linda Masarira Appeared In Court |url=https://www.zambianobserver.com/horror-pictures-zimbabwe-pro-democracy-activist-linda-masarira-appeared-in-court/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Zambianobserver.com}}</ref> == Tiro ya sepolotiki == Masarira e ne e le leloko la komiti ya taolo ya khuduthamaga ya People’s Democratic Party (PDP) e e neng e ikarabela ka go thapa le go kokoanya batho. E ne e le sebueledi sa Movement for Democratic Change ( MDC-T ) o o neng o eteletswe pele ke Tautona Ngaka [[Thokozani Khupe]] . Ka Seetebosigo 2018, Linda o ne a ikwadisa ka katlego go emela setilo sa palamente ya Harare Central mo ditlhophong tsa 2018 a tlhotlhelediwa ke tekatekano ya gagwe ya bong le tumelo ya gagwe ya gore a ka kgona go dira pharologanyo mo badiring botlhe ba ba lebaneng le tshiamololo ya badiri kwa [[Zimbabwe]] . Ka Phalane 2021, Masarira o ne a nganga mo Twitter gore Khomišene ya Ditlhopho ya Zimbabwe e tshwanetse go tlhatlosa dituediso tsa go tlhophiwa, go simolola ka dikete tse masome a mabedi le botlhano go ya go dikete tse masome a matlhano USD, go tlhama lefelo la sepolotiki le le tletseng ka ditekanyetso tsa maikutlo a a kwa godimo. Le fa go ntse jalo, ene ka boene o ne a palelwa ke go kokoanya letlole la go tlhophiwa, mme seno sa dira gore a thibelwe go tsenelela ditlhopho tsa 2023 mmogo le go sotlwa mo mafaratlhatlheng a tlhaeletsano.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=African feminist activism and democracy: Social media publics and Zimbabwean women in politics online - African Journal of Inclusive Societies |url=https://www.si-ajis.org/articles/african-feminist-activism-and-democracy-social-media-publics-and-zimbabwean-women-in-politics-online/ |access-date=2025-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Maemo a a a tshegeditseng == * Mothei le mogokaganyi wa bosetšhaba wa Zimbabwe Women in Politics Alliance. * Mogokaganyi wa Young African Leadership Forum (Kgaolo ya Zimbabwe). * Mothei le Modulasetulo wa Association of Railways Terminated Employees. * Modulasetilo wa Balwela Kgololesego ba Phetogo. * Modulasetilo wa setlhopha sa boraro sa botsalano jwa STAR. * Moithuti wa nako e e fetileng wa FES. * Tautona wa pele wa Mokgatlho wa badiri ba Diterena (2008–2013). == Dietsele le kakgolo == * Zimrights Mosireletsi wa Ditshwanelo tsa Setho wa Mosadi wa ngwaga wa 2016<ref>{{Cite web |title=Human rights defenders to be honoured |url=https://www.dailynews.co.zw/articles/2016/11/24/human-rights-defenders-to-be-honoured |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Dailynews.co.zw}}</ref> * Seetsele sa [[Giraffe]] sa Ditshwanelo tsa Setho<ref>{{Cite web |title=Linda Masarira |url=https://www.giraffe.org/linda-masarira |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Giraffe.org}}</ref> * Mosadi wa botlhano yo o Maatla go Gaisa Botlhe mo Lefatsheng wa [[Fortune Magazine]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=The World's Most Powerful Women: December 5 |url=https://fortune.com/2016/12/05/the-worlds-most-powerful-women-december-5/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Fortune.com}}</ref> * Mosadi wa Moaforika yo o Kgatlhang wa Phalane 2017 == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] fsg7of605q3tr27gjryu961tvnziums 51473 51471 2026-06-24T19:33:04Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356192141|Linda Masarira]]" 51473 wikitext text/x-wiki == Kganetsano == Ka Motsheganong 2015, Linda o ne a tlhagelela fa pele ga makaseterata wa Mutare Annia Ndiraya ka ntlha ya go roga Tautona wa nako eo wa Zimbabwe [[Robert Mugabe]] ka go mmitsa "mantle" a a neng a ganetsa ditatofatso tsa one a umaka gore o ne a akelwa. O ne a letlelelwa go letla tsheko kwa ntle ga kgolegelo mahala. 2016 ka Sedimonthole, Masarira go begwa a rile " [[Batho ba Ndebele]] ke magatlapa le masea a a lelang" kwa khonferenseng ya Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition e e neng e tshwerwe kwa Harare. Polelo eo e ne ya anama mo mafaratlhatlheng a tlhaeletsano mme a latofadiwa ka go kgetholola merafe. Masarira o ne a bo a tlhalosa sentle a re o raya gore bontsi jwa batho ba Ndebele ba ne ba okaoka go tsaya karolo mo maitekong a go lebana le puso ya ga Mugabe mo go lweleng ditshwanelo tsa bone.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Am not fazed by Ndebele coward remarks,' Linda Masarira vows |url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-local-byo-101345.html |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Bulawayo24.com}}</ref> Ka 2017, o ne a sekisa badiredibagolo ba puso go akaretsa le tautona wa ga jaana wa Zimbabwe [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]] yo e neng e le Mothusatautona mmogo le tona ya Merero ya Selegae ya nako eo [[Ignatius Chombo]], molaodi wa ZRP [[Augustine Chihuri]] le mookamedi wa kgolegelo Paradzai Zimondi. O ne a tlhatlhela kgetsi ya sedikadike sa diRanta ka ntlha ya go tshwarwa e se ka fa molaong ka ntlha ya lekwalo la go tshwarwa le le sa ntseng le le teng. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Linda Masarira sues Mnangagwa - NewsDay Zimbabwe |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2017/06/linda-masarira-sues-mnangagwa/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Newsday.co.zw}}</ref> Ka Mopitlo 2018, o ne a tlhatlhela dipampiri kwa kgotlatshekelong ya molaotmoheo a gwetlha go nna semolao ga ga Tautona [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]] yo o neng a tsena mo pusong morago ga [[go menola puso ga Zimbabwe]] ka Ngwanatsele 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coup - Linda Masarira Drags Mnangagwa to Court - Zimbabwe Today |url=https://zimbabwe-today.com/coup-linda-masarira-drags-mnangagwa-court/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=zimbabwe-today.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.nigerianwatch.com/tag/linda-masarira/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423205637/http://www.nigerianwatch.com/tag/linda-masarira |archive-date=2025-04-23 |access-date=2018-07-11}}</ref> Ka nako ya meletlo ya letsatsi la badiri la 2018, o ne a thibelwa go tsena mo tenteng ya VIP [[ya Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions]], Peter Mutasa tautona wa ZCTU a re ba thibetse sebueledi sa MDC-T go nna mo tenteng ya VIP ka gonne a ne a batla go kgoreletsa meletlo ya letsatsi la badiri.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2018 |title=ZCTU Reveals Why Linda Masarira Was Barred From VIP Tent |url=http://www.thezimbabwemail.com/zimbabwe/zctu-reveals-why-linda-masarira-was-barred-from-vip-tent/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Thezimbabwemail.com}}</ref> Ka Phatwe 2019, o ne a belaela go nna le seabe ga ga Julius Malema mo dipolotiking tsa Zimbabwe mme a bolela gore "Zimbabwe ke setšhaba se se ipusang mme ga se katoloso ya Aforika Borwa". O mo kopile go tlhofofatsa kalafi ya Covid ya batswakwa mo Aforika Borwa mmogo le go ntsha ditokomane tsa Visa go na le go tsenelela mo dipolotiking tsa Zimbabwe. Fadzai Mahere o ne a belaela kgato eno ya gagwe e e neng ya baka go itaana ka noga e utwa kwa Twitter.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-04 |title=Mahere Puzzled By Masarira's Attack On Malema Over Castigation Of Human Rights Abuses In Zimbabwe ⋆ Pindula News |url=https://news.pindula.co.zw/2020/08/04/mahere-puzzled-by-masariras-attack-on-malema-over-castigation-of-human-rights-abuses-in-zimbabwe/ |access-date=2020-08-26 |website=Pindula News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ka 2022, Masarira o ne a nna motswasetlhabelo wa "dipolotiki tsa letlhoo" ka ntlha ya go amana ga gagwe le lekoko la ZANU-PF. Ditlhaselo tseo di ne di akaretsa go tlhabisa mmele ditlhong mmogo le go bolela gore ga a ka a tlhapa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=African feminist activism and democracy: Social media publics and Zimbabwean women in politics online - African Journal of Inclusive Societies |url=https://www.si-ajis.org/articles/african-feminist-activism-and-democracy-social-media-publics-and-zimbabwean-women-in-politics-online/ |access-date=2025-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] 5zq58h7rr6wp4ytmd6fihpm3u4xjwy5 51474 51473 2026-06-24T19:42:38Z KatieKea 10150 Ke baakantse tlhanolo. 51474 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Linda Tsungirirai Masarira''' (Phalane a le malatsi mararo ka 1982 – Motsheganong a le malatsi a masome mabedi le bone ka 2026) e ne e le lepolotiki la Zimbabwe yo o neng a dira jaaka sebueledi sa nngwe ya makokokganetso a mannye kwa Zimbabwe, [[MDC-T]] e e neng e eteletswe pele ke [[Thokozani Khupe]].<ref>[https://www.zimeye.net/2018/04/26/newly-appointed-mdc-t-spokesperson-linda-masarira-issues-maiden-press-statement/ "Newly Appointed MDC T Spokesperson, Linda Masarira Issues Maiden Press Statement"]. ''Zimeye.net''. 26 April 2018. Retrieved 24 Seetebosigo 2026.</ref> Masarira gape e ne e le molwela ditshwanelo tsa setho yo o neng a itsege ka seabe sa gagwe sa go buelela puso ya batho ka batho, tekatekano, tekatekano ya bong, ditshwanelo tsa basadi le bana ba basetsana, go akaretsa le kgololesego ya itsholelo le sepolotiki ya ditlhopha tse di kgaphetsweng kwa thoko tsa setšhaba. E ne e le mothei le tautona wa lekoko la sepolotiki la Zimbabwe la Labor Economists and African Democrats (LEAD) mmogo le leloko la setlhopha sa Puisano ya Badiragatsi ba Sepolotiki (POLAD). O ne a nna ditlhogo tsa dikgang fa a ne a garaswanya Mary Mubaiwa yo o lwalang yo o kileng a bo e le mosadi wa motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao wa seporofešenale Shingi Kawondera morago ga go kgaogana ga bone, Mary Mubaiwa o ne a nyala Mojenerale wa Sesole wa nako eo Constantino Guvheya Nyikadzino Chiwenga yo ga jaana e leng mothusa tautona wa Zimbabwe wa gompieno. Mary le Chiwenga ba ne ba kgaogana. == Kwa morago == Linda Masarira o goletse kwa Harare kwa a neng a nna teng pele ga a fudugela kwa [[Bulawayo]], [[Hwange]] le [[Mutare]] kwa a neng a thapiwa teng jaaka mosadi wa terena. O ne a boela kwa Harare ka 2015 mme morago ga moo a bopa Selekane sa Basadi ba Zimbabwe mo Dipolotiking. Masarira o tlhokafetse Motsheganong a le malatsi a masome a mabedi le bone ka ngwaga wa 2026, a le dingwaga di le masome mane le boraro.<ref>[https://www.zimlive.com/rights-activist-and-lead-founder-linda-masarira-dead-at-43/ "Rights activist and LEAD founder Linda Masarira dead at 43"]. Zim Live. 24 May 2026. Retrieved 24 Seetebosigo 2026.</ref> == Bolwela-ditshwanelo tsa setho == Morago ga motseletsele wa ditshupegetso, dikopo le ditshupegetso tsa go gatakiwa ga ditshwanelo tsa setho ke [[Puso ya Zimbabwe]] ka nako ya puso ya ga Mugabe e a neng a e rulagantse, o ne a golegwa malatsi a a fetang masome a ferabobedi kwa Kgolegelong ya Chikurubhi Maximum ka ntlha ya go gwetlha puso go tlotla setho. Mo malatsing a gagwe a go golegwa, Masarira o ne a kokoanya magolegwa ka ene a basadi mme a etelela pele boipelaetso jwa magolegwa kgatlhanong le maemo a a maswe a basadi ba neng ba lebagane le one go akaretsa le go tlhoka mesangwana le go fitlhelela ditirelo tsa kalafi sentle. Ka ntlha ya go nna molweladitshwanelo, Masarira o ne a sotliwa setlhogo mme a fudusediwa kwa kgolegelong ya banna kwa a neng a bewa a le esi teng go fitlha kgabagare a ya go letlela tsheko kwantle ga kgolegelo ka taelo ya kgotlatshekelokgolo ka Lwetse 2016. == Tiro ya sepolotiki == Masarira e ne e le leloko la komiti ya taolo ya khuduthamaga ya People’s Democratic Party (PDP) e e neng e ikarabela ka go thapa le go kokoanya batho. E ne e le sebueledi sa Movement for Democratic Change ( MDC-T ) o o neng o eteletswe pele ke Tautona Ngaka [[Thokozani Khupe]] . Ka Seetebosigo 2018, Linda o ne a ikwadisa ka katlego go emela setilo sa palamente ya Harare Central mo ditlhophong tsa 2018 a tlhotlhelediwa ke tekatekano ya gagwe ya bong le tumelo ya gagwe ya gore a ka kgona go dira pharologanyo mo badiring botlhe ba ba lebaneng le tshiamololo ya badiri kwa [[Zimbabwe]] . Ka Phalane 2021, Masarira o ne a nganga mo Twitter gore Khomišene ya Ditlhopho ya Zimbabwe e tshwanetse go tlhatlosa dituediso tsa go tlhophiwa, go simolola ka dikete tse masome a mabedi le botlhano go ya go dikete tse masome a matlhano USD, go tlhama lefelo la sepolotiki le le tletseng ka ditekanyetso tsa maikutlo a a kwa godimo. Le fa go ntse jalo, ene ka boene o ne a palelwa ke go kokoanya letlole la go tlhophiwa, mme seno sa dira gore a thibelwe go tsenelela ditlhopho tsa 2023 mmogo le go sotlwa mo mafaratlhatlheng a tlhaeletsano.<ref name=":02" /> == Kganetsano == Ka Motsheganong 2015, Linda o ne a tlhagelela fa pele ga makaseterata wa Mutare Annia Ndiraya ka ntlha ya go roga Tautona wa nako eo wa Zimbabwe [[Robert Mugabe]] ka go mmitsa "mantle" a a neng a ganetsa ditatofatso tsa one a umaka gore o ne a akelwa. O ne a letlelelwa go letla tsheko kwa ntle ga kgolegelo mahala. 2016 ka Sedimonthole, Masarira go begwa a rile " [[Batho ba Ndebele]] ke magatlapa le masea a a lelang" kwa khonferenseng ya Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition e e neng e tshwerwe kwa Harare. Polelo eo e ne ya anama mo mafaratlhatlheng a tlhaeletsano mme a latofadiwa ka go kgetholola merafe. Masarira o ne a bo a tlhalosa sentle a re o raya gore bontsi jwa batho ba Ndebele ba ne ba okaoka go tsaya karolo mo maitekong a go lebana le puso ya ga Mugabe mo go lweleng ditshwanelo tsa bone.<ref>{{Cite web |title='Am not fazed by Ndebele coward remarks,' Linda Masarira vows |url=https://bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-local-byo-101345.html |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Bulawayo24.com}}</ref> Ka 2017, o ne a sekisa badiredibagolo ba puso go akaretsa le tautona wa ga jaana wa Zimbabwe [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]] yo e neng e le Mothusatautona mmogo le tona ya Merero ya Selegae ya nako eo [[Ignatius Chombo]], molaodi wa ZRP [[Augustine Chihuri]] le mookamedi wa kgolegelo Paradzai Zimondi. O ne a tlhatlhela kgetsi ya sedikadike sa diRanta ka ntlha ya go tshwarwa e se ka fa molaong ka ntlha ya lekwalo la go tshwarwa le le sa ntseng le le teng. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Linda Masarira sues Mnangagwa - NewsDay Zimbabwe |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2017/06/linda-masarira-sues-mnangagwa/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Newsday.co.zw}}</ref> Ka Mopitlo 2018, o ne a tlhatlhela dipampiri kwa kgotlatshekelong ya molaotmoheo a gwetlha go nna semolao ga ga Tautona [[Emmerson Mnangagwa]] yo o neng a tsena mo pusong morago ga [[go menola puso ga Zimbabwe]] ka Ngwanatsele 2017.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Coup - Linda Masarira Drags Mnangagwa to Court - Zimbabwe Today |url=https://zimbabwe-today.com/coup-linda-masarira-drags-mnangagwa-court/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=zimbabwe-today.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.nigerianwatch.com/tag/linda-masarira/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250423205637/http://www.nigerianwatch.com/tag/linda-masarira |archive-date=2025-04-23 |access-date=2018-07-11}}</ref> Ka nako ya meletlo ya letsatsi la badiri la 2018, o ne a thibelwa go tsena mo tenteng ya VIP [[ya Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions]], Peter Mutasa tautona wa ZCTU a re ba thibetse sebueledi sa MDC-T go nna mo tenteng ya VIP ka gonne a ne a batla go kgoreletsa meletlo ya letsatsi la badiri.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2018 |title=ZCTU Reveals Why Linda Masarira Was Barred From VIP Tent |url=http://www.thezimbabwemail.com/zimbabwe/zctu-reveals-why-linda-masarira-was-barred-from-vip-tent/ |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=Thezimbabwemail.com}}</ref> Ka Phatwe 2019, o ne a belaela go nna le seabe ga ga Julius Malema mo dipolotiking tsa Zimbabwe mme a bolela gore "Zimbabwe ke setšhaba se se ipusang mme ga se katoloso ya Aforika Borwa". O mo kopile go tlhofofatsa kalafi ya Covid ya batswakwa mo Aforika Borwa mmogo le go ntsha ditokomane tsa Visa go na le go tsenelela mo dipolotiking tsa Zimbabwe. Fadzai Mahere o ne a belaela kgato eno ya gagwe e e neng ya baka go itaana ka noga e utwa kwa Twitter.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-04 |title=Mahere Puzzled By Masarira's Attack On Malema Over Castigation Of Human Rights Abuses In Zimbabwe ⋆ Pindula News |url=https://news.pindula.co.zw/2020/08/04/mahere-puzzled-by-masariras-attack-on-malema-over-castigation-of-human-rights-abuses-in-zimbabwe/ |access-date=2020-08-26 |website=Pindula News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ka 2022, Masarira o ne a nna motswasetlhabelo wa "dipolotiki tsa letlhoo" ka ntlha ya go amana ga gagwe le lekoko la ZANU-PF. Ditlhaselo tseo di ne di akaretsa go tlhabisa mmele ditlhong mmogo le go bolela gore ga a ka a tlhapa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=African feminist activism and democracy: Social media publics and Zimbabwean women in politics online - African Journal of Inclusive Societies |url=https://www.si-ajis.org/articles/african-feminist-activism-and-democracy-social-media-publics-and-zimbabwean-women-in-politics-online/ |access-date=2025-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Maemo a a a tshegeditseng == * Mothei le mogokaganyi wa bosetšhaba wa Zimbabwe Women in Politics Alliance. * Mogokaganyi wa Young African Leadership Forum (Kgaolo ya Zimbabwe). * Mothei le Modulasetulo wa Association of Railways Terminated Employees. * Modulasetilo wa Balwela Kgololesego ba Phetogo. * Modulasetilo wa setlhopha sa boraro sa botsalano jwa STAR. * Moithuti wa nako e e fetileng wa FES. * Tautona wa pele wa Mokgatlho wa badiri ba Diterena (2008–2013). == Dietsele le kakgolo == * Zimrights Mosireletsi wa Ditshwanelo tsa Setho wa Mosadi wa ngwaga wa 2016 * Seetsele sa [[Giraffe]] sa Ditshwanelo tsa Setho * Mosadi wa botlhano yo o Maatla go Gaisa Botlhe mo Lefatsheng wa [[Fortune Magazine]] * Mosadi wa Moaforika yo o Kgatlhang wa Phalane 2017 == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] rp7cuwkd4xfrkqrfy4ya5rej5zzqmcf 0 13688 51573 50820 2026-06-25T11:50:08Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51573 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Ngondoma River Bridge Empress.jpg|thumb|Borogo jwa Noka ya Ngondoma]] '''Noka ya Ngondoma''' ke noka e e mo Zhombe Communal Land, Kgaolo ya Kwekwe mo porofenseng ya Midlands ya Zimbabwe.<ref>Getamap.net [http://www.getamap.net/maps/zimbabwe/zimbabwe_(general)/_ngondoma/ Ngondoma River] Retrieved 28 November 2015</ref> == Lefelo == Noka ya Ngondoma e mo porofenseng ya Midlands, le fa bangwe ba re e mo porofenseng ya Mashonaland West. Gantsi dinoka di supiwa fa di tshologelang teng, mme lefelo le Noka ya Ngondoma e elelang kwa go lone go tsena Noka ya Munyati ruri ke Mashonaland. Noka ya Munyati e dira jaaka molelwane wa bobedi, e e beilweng dimetara di le mmalwa mo letlhakoreng la Midlands.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085106/http://zw.tepui.org/River/Ngondoma Ngondoma is a stream, located in Mashonaland West Province] Retrieved 28 November 2015</ref>Pele fela ga e kopana le Noka ya Munyati, e feta ka Mabura Caves,<ref>[http://www.allaboutcountries.com/latlng/3evcxu/guano-cave-latitude-longitude-midlands-zimbabwe All-about-countries Places Around Guano Cave – Ngondoma (2.5km)] Archived 22 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 16 December 2015</ref>e leng moepo wa bat guano mo lefelong la Somapani kwa Zhombe.<ref>Tinomuda Chakanyuka (31 May 2015) Zhombe pins hope on bat poop The Sunday Mail, Opinion & Analysis: "[http://www.sundaynews.co.zw/zhombe-pins-hope-on-bat-poop Mabura caves are believed to stretch for more than 60km to Copper Queen area in Gokwe, passing underneath Ngondoma River"], Retrieved 16 December 2015.</ref> == Ko Noka ya Ngomdoma e tlholegang teng == Noka ya Ngondoma e tlhatloga kwa bokone bophirima jwa Zhombe mo go se se neng se itsege jaaka Naga ya Korone ya Ngondoma, <ref>P Nyambara. 26 May 1997. ISS-326.pdf pp8. [http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/9604/ISS-326.pdf?sequence=1 A History Of Land Acquisition, Commercialisation Of Agriculture And Socio- economic Differentiation Among Peasant Farmers in a Frontier Region: The Gokwe District of Northwestern Zimbabwe: c 1945-1990s University of Witwatersrand | Seminar Paper] | Retrieved 5 December 2015.</ref>Le fa go le jalo, lekadiba le legolo la kgogolego ke Sekgwa sa Mapfungautsi <ref>Matose_wow4.pdf pp5 [http://www.indiana.edu/~wow4/papers/matose_wow4.pdf Mapfungautsi Forest is the source of four rivers namely Sengwa, NGONDOMA, Mbumbusi and Lutope.] Retrieved 04 December 2015</ref>mo letlhakoreng la noka ya Gokwe. E elela kwa botlhaba mme e bo e elela kwa bokone-botlhaba, koo e bopang karolo ya molelwane le Gokwe, pele e tsena mo Nokeng ya Munyati. == Dithuso == Dinoka tse dikgolo tse di tsenang mo nokeng ya Ngondoma ke: * Noka ya Ufafi [https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ngondoma_River&params=18.5917_S_31.2698_E_region:ZW_type:landmark&title=Ufafi+River 18°35′30′′S 31°16′11′′E] * Mavulamachena Noka [https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ngondoma_River&params=18.22570038_S_28.283000946_E_region:ZW_type:landmark&title=Mavulamachena+River 18°13′33′′S 28°16′59′′E] * Noka ya Chebechebe [https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ngondoma_River&params=18.47344_S_29.40874_E_region:ZW_type:landmark&title=Chebechebe+River 18°28′24′′S 29°24′31′′E] * Noka ya Nevada [https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ngondoma_River&params=18.49279976_S_29.419000626_E_region:ZW_type:landmark&title=Nevada+River 18°29′34′′S 29°25′08′′E] * Noka ya Chevecheve [https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ngondoma_River&params=18.37203_S_29.36938_E_region:ZW_type:landmark&title=Chevecheve+River 18°22′19′′S 29°22′10′′E] * Chikombera ((Sikombela) Noka [https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ngondoma_River&params=18.48629951_S_29.398599625_E_region:ZW_type:landmark&title=Chikombera+River 18°29′11′′S 29°23′55′′E] * Noka ya Mwembesi e e simololang gape kwa sekgweng sa Mafungabusi Plateau. * Noka ya Korombina e e kopanang le Noka ya Ngondoma e bopa karolo e e kwa bokone ya Ngondoma Irrigation Scheme. == Letamo la Ngondoma == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bosupa (1967), Letamo la Ngondoma le ne la agiwa mo nokeng dikilometara di le masome a marataro le bosupa (67) kwa bokone bophirima jwa Kwekwe le dikilometara di le masome a mathano le bone (54) kwa borwa bophirima jwa Kadoma (ka sefofane). Letamo leno le na le metsi a a fetang dikhubiki metara di le 7 000 000. <ref>FAO. Corporate Document Repository. (Zimbabwe. Section 2.3 Small Water Bodies_Table 2.3 Major Dams in Zimbabwe.) [http://www.fao.org/docrep/w7560e/w7560e02.htm Fisheries Management of small water bodies in seven Countries in Africa, Asia] FAO. Retrieved 4 December 2015.</ref>E tlamela Mmuso o o tsamaisang Ngondoma Irrigation Scheme ka 900,000 cubic metres (32,000,000 cu ft) ya metsi ka ngwaga ka 5.8-kilometre (3.6 mi) gravity-driven concrete-lined canal.<ref>Jamesm 10.1.1.196.2228.pdf Chapter 9.4.1.2. [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.196.2228&rep=rep1&type=pdf A Study to determine water demand management in Southern Africa: the Zimbabwean experience.]</ref> == Marogo == Noka ya Ngondoma e na le marogo a le mabedi a a tlhanaselang. E kgolo e mo tseleng ya Kwekwe-Gokwe Highway gaufi le Sekolo sa Fafi mme e nngwe e mo tseleng ya Gokwe-Empress Road e e ka nnang dikilometara di le supa ( 7) go tswa kwa Nokeng ya Ngondoma. == Metswedi == sbluoqfzzmssim4zue3hncuisash0lw 0 13690 51512 51045 2026-06-25T07:55:55Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51512 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Tokwe Mukos'''i kgotsa Letamo la Tugwi Mukosi<ref>Zimbabwe National Water Authority. [https://zinwa.co.zw/dam-levels/ "Dam Levels".] ''Dam Levels''</ref>ke letamo la letlapa le le tletseng ka konkoreite mo Nokeng ya Tokwe, e e fa tlase ga noka ya Mukosi, dikilometara di ka nna masome a supa le bobedi (72 )(45 mi) kwa borwa jwa Masvingo kwa Porofenseng ya Masvingo, [[Zimbabwe]].<ref>[http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/UNOSAT_TokweMukorsiDam_20140218.pdf "Update:Flood water over Tokwe Mukorsi Dam"] (PDF). ReliefWeb. Retrieved 25 February 2014.</ref>Ke 90.3 metres (296 ft) tall mme e dira 1,750,000,000 m3 (1,420,000 acre⋅ft) reservoir, dam e kgolo go gaisa mo nageng. Seteišene sa motlakase sa metsi se na le maatla a le seome la bobedi (12 megawatts (16,000 hp).<ref>[http://nehandaradio.com/2014/02/15/cheap-design-linked-problems-tokwe-mukosi/ "Cheap design linked to problems at Tokwe-Mukosi".] Nehanda Radio. 15 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.</ref> Go agiwa ga letamo leno go simolotse ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabobgwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabedi (1998) mme go ne ga emisiwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi(2008). Salini Impregilo e simolotse go fetsa go aga letamo leno ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011). Merwalela e e maatla ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ya ngwaga ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014) e bakile go palelwa go sekae ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e thola bone (4), kwa ntlheng e e kwa tlase ya letamo. <ref>[http://digitaljournal.com/news/environment/water-gushes-over-crumbling-dam-wall-in-zimbabwe/article/369683 "Water gushes over crumbling dam wall in Zimbabwe".] Digital Journal. 9 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160312103149/http://www.salini-impregilo.com/en/projects/in-progress/dams-hydroelectric-plants-hydraulic-works/tokwe-mukorsi-dam.html "Tokwe - Mukorsi Dam"]. Salini Impregilo. Retrieved 25 February 2014.</ref>Kwa bokhutlong jwa kgwedi ya Tlhakole letamo le ne le ise le thubege ka botlalo, mme letamo le le neng le sa rulaganngwa le le neng le tlhatlogile kwa morago ga letamo le ne la dira gore batho ba fudugele kwa godimo ga noka.<ref>[http://www.digitaljournal.com/news/environment/update-tokwe-mukorsi-dam-in-zimbabwe/article/372939 "Update: Tokwe Mukorsi dam in Zimbabwe"]. Digital Journal. 25 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014</ref>Batho ba ba fetang dikete tse masome a mabedi (20 000) ba ne ba ntshiwa mo lefelong leno. <ref>[http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2014-04-14-in-photos-the-aftermath-of-zimbabwes-tokwe-mukorsi-dam-disaster/#.VKVoZivF-So "In photos: The aftermath of Zimbabwe's Tokwe-Mukorsi dam disaster"]. Daily Maverick. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2015.</ref>Go agiwa ga letamo go ne ga emisiwa ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone(2014) ka ntlha ya go tlhoka madi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170825184237/https://www.newsday.co.zw/2014/06/26/tokwe-mukorsi-construction-suspended/ "Tokwe-Mukorsi construction suspended".] News Day. 26 June 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2015</ref><ref>[https://www.thezimbabwean.co/news/zimbabwe-news/74430/tokwe-mukosi-dam-complete.html "Tokwe Mukosi dam complete".] The Zimbabwean. 7 January 2015. Retrieved 17 January 2015</ref>Ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016) puso e ne ya ntshetsa Salini Impregilio<ref>[https://www.webuildgroup.com/en/projects/dams-hydroelectric-plants/tokwe-mukosi-dam "webuild".] ''www.webuildgroup.com''. Retrieved 9 March 2023</ref> $35 million go kgontsha rakonteraka wa Italy go tsweletsa tiro ya go aga e e neng ya emisiwa dingwaga tse pedi tse di fetileng ka ntlha ya mathata a dituelo.<ref>[https://www.zimbabwesituation.com/news/zimsit-m-tokwe-mukosi-dam-contractor-resumes-work-the-herald/ Tokwe-Mukosi Dam contractor resumes work]</ref> Letamo le ne la feleletsa le weditswe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole wa ngwgaa wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro(2016) mme la tsenngwa tirisong ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa(2017).<ref>[https://www.tugwimukosidam.com/facts/ "Facts | Tugwi Mukosi Dam Frequently Asked Questions"]. ''www.tugwimukosidam.com''. 9 September 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2023</ref> == Metswedi == 5qxnopoktecw7fe92cylfmao1fms9wz 0 13696 51509 51043 2026-06-25T07:51:45Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51509 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Mutange Dam.jpg|thumb|Letamo la Mutange]] '''Letamo la Mutange''', go kgabaganya Noka ya Mutange, ke letamo le le agilweng ke motho le le fitlhelwang kwa motseng wa Chisina, dikilometara di le masome a mararo kwa botlhaba jwa Gokwe le dikilometara di le masome a mararo le botlhano kwa bokonebophirima jwa moepo wa Empress, kwa Porofenseng ya Midlands ya Zimbabwe. Letamo la Mutange le dikilometara di le masome a mane le bobedi go tswa kwa Gokwe le dikilometara di le 49 go tswa kwa Empress, dikilometara di le lekgolo le lesome le bosupa go tswa kwa Kadoma le dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a mane le borataro go tswa kwa Kwekwe ka Empress (dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a mane le bosupa ka Zhombe Joel). E mo diatleng tsa Lefapha la Metswedi ya Metsi le Tlhabololo. == Se se diragetseng == Letamo la Mutange le ne la agiwa segolo go oketsa metsi a a tswang mo fossil borehole kwa Gokwe Centre. <ref>[http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/826991468335974436/pdf/E44740AFR00ESM00Box382170B00PUBLIC0.pdf "Govt Document E4474, HSBC Environment and Social Management Framework, Chapter 4.2.1 Hydrology page 56"] (PDF). ''World Bank''. February 2014. Retrieved 3 October 2018.</ref>E na le bokgoni jwa 4.950 million m3.<ref>Dr. G. Gono (May 2005). [https://web.archive.org/web/20181223084330/http://www.rbz.co.zw/assets/agriculture-vision-2007.pdf "Drought Mitigation and Resuscitation Policies for the Agricultural Sector in Zimbabwe; Supplement 2 of 3 to the 1st Quarter Monetary Policy Statement"] (PDF). ''Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe''. p. 65. Retrieved 3 October 2018.</ref> Kwa tshimologong, tlhotlhwa e e lekanyeditsweng ya go aga letamo e ne e le $8,224,504.00 (2010-2014), fela ka ntlha ya mathata a ikonomi a [[Zimbabwe]] e neng ya lebana le one a a tsereng nako e telele go a fetsa, e ne ya ja madi a a fetang $130 million ka ntlha ya tlhotlhwa ya madi le dikgwetlho tse dingwe tsa ikonomi le tsa sepolotiki.<ref>M Chiri (1 November 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190520082734/http://www.auditorgeneral.gov.zw/index.php/reports/category/1-special-audited-reports?download=9:specialauditedreports-management-of-dam-construction-and-water-supply-projects "Report of the Comptroller and Auditor-General on the Management of Dam Construction and Water Supply Projects by the Zimbabwe Water Authority, Presented to Parliament of Zimbabwe in 2011. Table 3: Delay in completion of projects"]. Zimbabwe Government. Retrieved 3 October 2018</ref><ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/200207220386.html "Zimbabwe: New Multi-Million-Dollar Dam to End Gokwe Water Woes".] ''All Africa News''. Retrieved 3 October 2018.</ref> Go agiwa ga letamo leno go ne ga wediwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi lesome le borataro (2016).<ref>ZINWA (6 August 2018). [https://mobile.twitter.com/zinwawater/status/1017702428827881472/photo/1 "This is Mutange Dam in Gokwe"]. Twitter. Retrieved 3 October 2018. <q>It was completed in 2016 and will provide irrigation water to communities. Construction of the water conveyance works at the dam is underway. The dam will certainly improve many livelihoods in Gokwe</q></ref> Letamo la Mutange kwa Gokwe East, Chisina Village, Zimbabwe == Ditirelo == Mapfungautsi Plateau's Masoro Descent kwa Gokwe ke mogogoro o mogolo wa metsi a a elelang go tswa kwa godimo go ya kwa metsweding ya Noka ya Mutange, e e tswang kwa borwabophirima jwa Letamo la Mutange. Noka ya Mutange e na le motswedi wa yone kwa godimo ga setlhaba sekgala sa 1.5 km kwa botlhaba jwa Kwekwe-Gokwe Highway (18°19′23′′S 29°06′25′′E). Noka ya Mutange ke nngwe ya melatswana ya Noka ya Sanyati, e e elelang mo Nokeng ya Zambezi. == Baamogedi == Letamo la Mutange le tlamela diphologolo le batho ka metsi a a nowang. Kwa ntle ga baagi ba ba amilweng ke go agiwa ga letamo, ba ba neng ba tshwanelwa ke go fudusediwa kwa mafelong a mangwe ke puso ka madi a a ka nnang US$1.9 million,<ref>Minister of Finance (2014). [http://www.veritaszim.net/sites/veritas_d/files/2015%20Zimbabwe%20National%20Budget%20Statement_0.pdf "2015 Zimbabwe National Budget Statement, Article 796, page 177: Presented to Parliament on 27 November, 2014 by Hon. P. A. Chinamasa, Minister of Finance and Economic Development"] (PDF). ''Veritas Zimbabwe''. Retrieved 3 October 2018.</ref>baagi ba bangwe ba ne ba amogela melemo ya lone ya nako e telele. === Sekema sa go Nosetsa sa kwa Mutange === Letamo la Mutange le mo kgaolong ya Agro-Ecological Region ya Zimbabwe, koo palogare ya pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga e leng 550 mm. Ka jalo, go nosetsa ke selo se se botlhokwa thata mo lefelong leno. Moduedi yo mogolo wa Letamo la Mutange ke Sekema sa go Nosetsa sa Mutange. Dithulaganyo tsa go pompa le go tsamaisa metsi kwa Letamong la Mutange di golaganya thulaganyo ya go nosetsa ka diphaepe tse di tsamayang dimetara di le sekete le makgolo a matlhano go ya kwa ntlheng ya tshimo ya diheketara di le lekgolo le masome a mararo le bone tsa lefatshe le le lengwang.<ref>Primrose Nyanzero (October 25, 2017). [https://www.chronicle.co.zw/concrete-laid-for-gwayi-shangani-dam/ "Concrete laid for Gwayi-Shangani Dam".] ''The Chronicle''. Retrieved 8 August 2018</ref> === Toropo ya Chisina === Toropo ya Chisina, e e reeletsweng ka kgosi ya Chisina, sekgele sa makgolo a supa le botlhano kwa botlhaba jwa Letamo la Mtange, e ikaegile ka letamo leno go bona metsi. (18°12′18′′S 29°14′29′′E) Toropo e kwa Mapfungautsi Parliamentary Constituency, Gokwe South District. Matlo a segompieno, go akaretsa le holo ya kgotla ya ga Kgosana Chisina, a agilwe mo motseng.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20191212091439/https://www.zbc.co.zw/major-facelift-for-gokwe/ "Major facelift for Gokwe".] ''Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation''. 24 June 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2018.</ref> Go agiwa ga holo ya kgotla go ka nna ga bo go supa go amogelwa ke puso ga ditlhogo tsa Chisina tse di ntseng di sa itse sepe ka dingwaga di ka nna masome a supa ka ntlha ya kgotlhang le ditlhogo tsa Njelele tse di bapileng le tsone. Kwa tshimologong Gumbero, yo gape a neng a bidiwa Chisina, e ne e le kgosi ya karolo e e botoka ya kgaolo ya Mapfungautsi, morago Sebungwe Botlhaba, kgaolo e e kgabagantsweng ke dinoka tsa Ngondoma le Munyati kwa botlhaba le borwabotlhaba. Melelwane e mebedi e megolo ya tlholego e kgaoganya kgaolo ya Gokwe Botlhaba go tswa kwa porofenseng ya Mashonaland Bophirima kwa botlhaba le kgaolo ya Kwekwe ya porofense ya Midlands kwa borwabotlhaba jwa kgaolo ya ga Tlhogo Chisina. Bosetlhogo jwa Chisina (Gumbero) bo simolotse kwa tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le borobabobedi fa Chihwechematanda a ne a bo tlhoma fa a goroga go tswa kwa Buhera mo porofenseng ya Mashonaland East ya gompieno. Tlhogo ya bobedi ya Gumbero e ne e le Mataruka, wa boraro e ne e le Makuvidziri, wa bone e ne e le Chinengwere mme wa botlhano e le Mudyachawaona yo o neng a tlhatlosiwa maemo go nna tlhogo ya morafe ka fa tlase ga Tlhogo Njelele ke puso ya Rhodesia ka dingwaga tsa sekete le makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mane(1940). Mookamedi wa borataroGumbero, wa ntlha go bidiwa Mookamedi Chisina, e ne e le Tendaupenyu. Fa puso ya nako eo e ne e mmotsa gore o itse gore ke melelwane efe e Kgosana Njelele a e kgabagantseng, o ne a re, "Ndave nechigaro CHISINA chinhu", mo go rayang gore, "Setulo sa me sa bogosi ga se na sepe". Go tswa foo o ne a sotliwa ke CHISINA, mme o ne a amogela go sotliwa jalo e le tsela ya go ipelaetsa. Mmuso wa Zimbabwe o santse o sa rarabolola kgotlhang ya Tlhogo ya Njelele le Tlhogo ya Chisina ka kagiso.<ref>Edith Karimanzira (December 2017). [https://web.archive.org/web/20181012014539/http://saspjournals.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/SJAHSS-512C1896-1903.pdf "Understanding the Emergence and Solving of Protracted Social Conflicts in Zimbabwe: the Case of Gumbero/Chisina – Njelele Chieftainship Conflict 1940 - 2015"] (PDF). ''Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences''. pp. 1896–1903. Archived from the original on October 12, 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2018.</ref> == Metswedi == 0wti9t116h1yjo7q4i9wo19sm3i0q0q 0 13724 51554 51097 2026-06-25T11:12:53Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51554 wikitext text/x-wiki '''NoViolet Bulawayo''' ke leina la bokwadi la ga '''Elizabeth Zandile Tshele''' (yo o tshotsweng ka Phalane a le lesome le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 1981), mokwadi wa [[Zimbabwe|kwa Zimbabwe]]. Ka 2012, [[Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Dibuka]] o ne wa mmitsa motlotlegi wa "[[5 Under 35]]". O ne a bidiwa mongwe wa Maaforika a a kwa Godimo a le lekgolo a a nang le tlhotlheletso e kgolo ke lokwalo lwa ''[[New African]]'' ka 2014.<ref>{{Cite web |last=newsday |date=5 December 2014 |title=Trevor Ncube among most influential persons in Africa |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2014/12/trevor-ncube-among-influential-persons-africa/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022011008/https://www.newsday.co.zw/2014/12/trevor-ncube-among-influential-persons-africa |archive-date=22 October 2022 |access-date=6 January 2021 |website=NewsDay Zimbabwe |language=en-US}}</ref> Padi ya gagwe ya ntlha, ''[[We Need New Names]]'', e ne ya tlhophiwa go bona [[Seetsele sa Booker sa 2013]], mme padi ya gagwe ya bobedi, ''[[Glory]]'', e ne ya tlhophiwa go bona [[Seetsele sa Booker sa 2022]] se se mo dira gore e nne "mosadi wa ntlha wa moAforika yo montsho go tlhagelela mo lenaaneng la Booker gabedi".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ibeh |first=Chukwuebuka |date=29 July 2022 |title=Noviolet Bulawayo's Glory, a Zimbabwean Masterpiece, Longlisted for 2022 Booker Prize |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/07/noviolet-bulawayos-glory-a-zimbabwean-masterpiece-longlisted-for-2022-booker-prize/ |access-date=31 July 2022 |website=[[Brittle Paper]]}}</ref> == Botshelo == Bulawayo o tsholetswe kwa [[Tsholotsho]], kwa Zimbabwe, mme a tsena Sekolo se Segolo sa Njube mme moragonyana a tsena [[Sekolo se Segolo sa Mzilikazi]] go fetsa maemo a gagwe a A.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hard work, passion the special ingredients for success: author|first=Simba|last=Manhango|url=https://thestandard.newsday.co.zw/2011/07/23/hard-work-passion-the-special-ingredients-for-success-author/|newspaper=The Standard|date=23 July 2011|access-date=27 April 2022|archivedate=28 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028184932/https://thestandard.newsday.co.zw/2011/07/23/hard-work-passion-the-special-ingredients-for-success-author}}</ref> O weditse dithuto tsa gagwe tsa kholetšhe kwa United States, a ithuta kwa [[Kholetšheng ya Baagi ya Kalamazoo Valley]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.mlive.com/entertainment/kalamazoo/index.ssf/2013/07/author_kvcc_graduate_noviolet.html|title=Author, KVCC graduate NoViolet Bulawayo named to prestigious Man Booker long list|newspaper=MLive Media Group|first=John|last=Liberty|date=23 July 2013}}</ref> mme a bona digerata ya gagwe ya ntlha le ya masters mo Seesemaneng go tswa kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Texas A&M-Commerce]] le kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Southern Methodist]], ka go latelana. Ka 2010, o ne a wetsa [[Master of Fine Arts]] mo go [[kwaleng ka boitlhamedi]] kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Cornell]], koo tiro ya gagwe e neng ya akgolwa ka [[Fellowship ya Truman Capote]].<ref name="cornell" /> Ka 2011, o ne a gapa [[Seetsele sa Caine]] ka kgang ya gagwe ya [["Hitting Budapest"]],<ref>{{Cite news|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726145332/http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/we-need-new-names-by-noviolet-bulawayo-8647510.html|last=Busby|first=Margaret|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/we-need-new-names-by-noviolet-bulawayo-8647510.html|title=We Need New Names, By NoViolet Bulawayo: Born to freedom but raised to struggle, Zimbabwe's youth inspire a debut that blends wit and pain|access-date=2026-06-17|archivedate=2013-07-26}}</ref> e e neng ya gatisiwa mo kgatisong ya Ngwanatsele/Sedimonthole 2010 ya ''[[Boston Review]]'' mme ya nna kgaolo e e simololang ya [[padi ya gagwe ya ntlha]] ya 2013.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Kristy |title=9 Must-Read Books for June 2013 {{!}} We Need New Names: A Novel |url=http://www.oprah.com/book/We-Need-New-Names-A-Novel-by-NoViolet-Bulawayo?editors_pick_id=43545 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028184925/https://www.oprah.com/book/we-need-new-names-a-novel-by-noviolet-bulawayo?editors_pick_id=43545 |archive-date=2022-10-28 |access-date=2013-07-23 |website=Oprah.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|first=Habila|last=Helon|archiveurl=Helon Habila|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/jun/20/need-new-names-bulawayo-review|title=We Need New Names by NoViolet Bulawayo – review}}</ref> ''We Need New Names'' e ne ya akarediwa mo lenaaneng le lekhutshwane la Sekgele sa Man Booker sa 2013,<ref name="bookershortlist">{{Cite web |date=10 September 2013 |title=Shortlist 2013 announced |url=http://www.themanbookerprize.com/news/man-booker-shortlist-2013 |publisher=Man Booker Prize}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Driscoll|first=Molly|title=Man Booker Prize long list includes writers Colum McCann, Tash Aw|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/Books/chapter-and-verse/2013/0723/Man-Booker-Prize-long-list-includes-writers-Colum-McCann-Tash-Aw|access-date=23 July 2013}}</ref> mme seno sa dira gore Bulawayo e nne mosadi wa ntlha wa Moaforika yo montsho le Mozimbabwe wa ntlha go tsenngwa mo lenaaneng le lekhutshwane la [[Sekgele]] seo. Gape o ne a gapa [[Sekgele sa Dikwalo sa Etisalat]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ben |date=23 February 2014 |title=NoViolet Bulawayo Wins the Inaugural Etisalat Prize for Literature |url=http://bookslive.co.za/blog/2014/02/23/noviolet-bulawayo-wins-the-inaugural-etisalat-prize-for-literature/ |access-date=23 February 2014 |website=Books Live}}</ref> le [[Sekgele sa Mokgatlho sa Hemingway/PEN]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Allan Kozinn |date=17 March 2014 |title=Writer From Zimbabwe Wins PEN/Hemingway Award for First Novel |url=http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/03/17/writer-from-zimbabwe-wins-penhemingway-award-for-first-novel/ |access-date=2 April 2014 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Zipp |first=Yvonne |date=18 March 2014 |title=NoViolet Bulawayo wins prestigious Hemingway/PEN award |url=http://www.mlive.com/news/kalamazoo/index.ssf/2014/03/noviolet_bulawayo_wins_prestig.html |access-date=2 April 2014 |website=MLive.com}}</ref> gareng ga dikabelo tse dingwe. Ka 2011, go ne ga begwa gore o ne a simolotse go dira porojeke ya memoir.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.bulawayo24.com/index-id-news-sc-local-byo-5547-article-Zimbabwean,+NoViolet+Bulawayo's+'Hitting+Budapest'+takes+the+12th+Caine+Prize.html|title=Zimbabwean, NoViolet Bulawayo's 'Hitting Budapest' takes the 12th Caine Prize|date=12 July 2011|work=Bulawayo 24}}</ref> Bulawayo o ne a nna leloko la boto ya batlhokomedi ba letsholo la dikwalo tsa Aforika yotlhe la Writivism fa gare ga 2014 le 2018.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">go tlhokega nopolo</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> E gatisitswe ka 2022, padi ya gagwe ya bobedi ya ''[[Glory]]'' – e e tlhotlheleditsweng ke ''[[Animal Farm]]'' ya ga [[George Orwell]] le e e buang ka setšhaba se se mo nokong ya phetogo – e ne ya kwalwa mo dingwageng di feta di le tharo, tse mo go tsone [[Matshelo a Batho Bantsho a Maleba (Black Lives Matter)|Bulawayo]] "a neng a latela thata bolweladitshwanelo tsa batho ba ba neng ba batla phetogo mo mafatsheng a akaretsang Sudan, Algeria, Uganda, Eswatini le Amerika, kwa [[Black Lives Matter]] e tlhatlogileng." ''Glory'' e ne ya tlhalosiwa ke ''[[The Conversation]]'' jaaka "e e sa lebalegeng" le "setlhogo sa Zimbabwe sa ka bonako".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mushakavanhu |first=Tinashe |date=27 July 2022 |title=NoViolet Bulawayo's new novel is an instant Zimbabwean classic |url=https://theconversation.com/noviolet-bulawayos-new-novel-is-an-instant-zimbabwean-classic-185783 |access-date=31 July 2022 |website=The Conversation}}</ref> Fa [[Sarah Ladipo Manyika]] a ne a sekaseka padi eno mo ''[[The Guardian]]'', o ne a konela jaana: "Bulawayo ga a ikgogone go bua boammaaruri mo pusong. O kwala ka bonako le ka bopelokgale, a tsholetsa seipone mo Zimbabwe ya segompieno le mo lefatsheng ka kakaretso. Go tlhoka go nna boi ga gagwe le go anela dinako tsa sepolotiki tse di thata go tsisa mo tlhogong baanelwadikgang ba ba jaaka [[Herta Müller]], [[Elif Shafak]] le moagi wa gaabo wa Zimbabwe [[Yvonne Vera]]. ''Glory,'' e e nang le thapo ya tsholofelo kwa bokhutlong jwa yone, ke tshwantshiso, tshotlo le mainane a a kopantsweng go nna selo se le sengwe se se maatla." ''Glory'' e ne a tlhophiwa mo lenaaneng le lekhutshwane la [[Sekgele sa Booker sa 2022]]<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Glory {{!}} The Booker Prizes |url=https://thebookerprizes.com/the-booker-library/books/glory |access-date=16 October 2022 |website=thebookerprizes.com |language=en}}</ref> mme o ne a tlhophiwa mo lenaaneng le le telele [[Sekgele sa Basadi sa Dikinane]] sa 2023. Ka 2025, go tshwaya ngwaga wa bo masome a mabedi le botlhano wa Sekgele sa Caine sa Bokwadi jwa Aforika, kgang ya gagwe ya ga Bulawayo ya "Hitting Budapest" e ne ya tlhophelwa kabelo ya tlotlo ya "Go gaisa ya Caine", e e neng ya tlhophiwa ke phanele ya baatlhodi e e nang le [[Abdulrazak Gurnah]] (modulasetilo), [[Jennifer Tansubugae]] motlhagisi wa filimi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/sep/27/noviolet-bulawayo-wins-the-best-of-caine-award|title=NoViolet Bulawayo wins the Best of Caine award|newspaper=The Guardian|first=Carlos|last=Mureithi|date=27 September 2025|access-date=28 September 2025}}</ref> == Leina la bokwadi == Leina la bokwadi la ga NoViolet Bulawayo le tswa mo lefokong la [[Sendebele]] le le kayang 'le', leina la ga moso mmaagwe le toropo ya [[Bulawayo]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=NoViolet Bulawayo: 'I'm encouraged by this new generation that wants better'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/mar/19/noviolet-bulawayo-animal-farm-style-allegory-important-hope-zimbabwe-orwell-glory|last=Clark|first=Alex|access-date=2023-03-07|work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Dietsele le ditlotla == == Ditiro == == Metswedi == 4f86p534z7lod5llcjttdhgig8w5w0w 0 13781 51531 51228 2026-06-25T08:24:22Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51531 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Dawn sculler.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Wemmer Pan]] '''Wemmer Pan''' ke letsha le lefelo la boitapoloso kwa [[Johannesburg]], [[Aforika Borwa|Afrika Borwa]]. E kwa borwa jwa bogare jwa toropo, kwa motsesetoropong wa [[La Rochelle.]] == DitsoP- == "Pan" ke lefoko la Se-Afrikaans le la Seesemane sa Afrika Borwa le le rayang letsha le le seng boteng. Pan ya Wemmer e ne ya reelelwa ka Sam Wemmer. Kwa tshimologong e ne e le moepo, mme moragonyana e ne ya tsewa ke City Deep Mine e e neng e tlhoka metsi go dira meepo. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140819102721/http://www.wemmer.org.za/Documents/Wemmer-History-1911-1939.pdf "The History of Wemmer Pan Rowing Club"] (PDF). Archived from [http://www.wemmer.org.za/Documents/Wemmer-History-1911-1939.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2014-08-19. Retrieved 2014-08-18.</ref> Wemmer Pan ke karolo ya Pioneers' Park, e e neng ya agiwa mo masimologong a lekgolo la bo masome mabedi la dingwaga. Pioneers' Park e ne ya bulwa semmuso ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le masome a mabedi le borataro ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bone (1924) ke Mmusi-Kakaretso, Earl wa Athlone, mo lefatsheng le le neng le rekilwe ke Khansele ya Toropo. Phaka e reeletswe ka ba ba simolotseng toropo ya Johannesburg le indaseteri ya moepo wa gauta e e leng bogare jwa yone. <ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20111005063910/www.jhbcityparks.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=51&Itemid=282 "Wemmer Pan/Pioneer Park]". Archived from the original on 2011-10-05.</ref> == Ditirelo == Wemmer Pan ke legae la ditlelapa di le mmalwa tsa go kgweetsa, go akaretsa le Wemmer Pan Rowing Club<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240622221110/https://wemmer.org.za/ "Home"]. ''WPRC | #WemmerBlues''.</ref> (e e tlhomilweng ka 1911),<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140819085719/http://www.wemmer.org.za/history.html "Wemmer History".] Archived from [http://www.wemmer.org.za/history.html the original] on 2014-08-19. Retrieved 2014-08-18.</ref> le go tshwara palo ya dikgaisano tsa mabelo aWS makhutshwane, go akaretsa le Wemmer Sprint Regatta ya ngwaga le ngwaga.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140819084408/http://www.wemmer.org.za/Sprint.html "Wemmer Sprint 2011 - 100 years at the Pan!"]. Archived from [http://www.wemmer.org.za/Sprint.html 1] on 2014-08-19. Retrieved 2014-08-18.</ref>Gape ke legae la ngwaga le ngwaga la Dragon Boat Corporate Spring Festival Regatta. Phaka e na le mafelo a go tsamayatsamaya le go dira ditiro tsa metsi, mme gape e na le metswedi ya mmino e e nang le dipone. <ref>[http://www.joburgnews.co.za/oct_2002/oct11_wemmer.stm "Joburgnews.co.za"]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205925/http://www.iolproperty.co.za/roller/news/entry/wemmer_pan_s_musical_fountains "Wemmer Pan's musical fountains brought back to life : Property News from Property360".] ''www.iolproperty.co.za''. Retrieved 2021-09-01.</ref> Lebala la Metshameko la Turffontein lakwa Johannesburg le fa pele ga Wemmer Pan. Mo lotshitshing lwa letsha leno go na le Santarama Miniland, e e nang le dimotlelara di ka nna masome a robabobedi tsa dikago tse di tlhomologileng le mafelo a a mo Afrika Borwa, ka selekanyo sa 1:25. Tseno di akaretsa sekaelo sa Robben Island, koo Nelson Mandela a neng a tshwerwe teng, Dikago tsa Union le Hillbrow Tower. Setshwantsho se se feletseng sa sekepe sa ga Jan van Riebeeck, e leng Dromedarus, se isa baeti kwa mosepeleng wa mahala wa mokoro mo letsheng. Gape go akareditswe le lebala la go tshameka kolofo e nnye, seporo se sennye, boemakepe jo sennye le tsela ya megala. <ref>[https://joburg.co.za/santarama-miniland-broken-lilliput-south/ "Santarama Miniland – The broken Lilliput of the South".] 16 September 2016. Retrieved 2023-11-04.</ref><ref name=":0" /> Ntlo e e fa thoko ga yone ke James Hall Transport Museum, e leng musiamo o mogolo go gaisa otlhe wa dipalangwa mo Afrika. E tlhomilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le bone ke Jimmie Hall, mme e boloka le go rotloetsa ditso tsa dingwaga tse di fetang makgolo a mane tsa dipalangwa mo Aforika Borwa ka mo go kgethegileng le Aforika ka kakaretso. Setlhopha seno se akaretsa mefuta e e farologaneng ya dipalangwa tsa mo lefatsheng tse di nang le dingwaga tse di fetang makgolo a mane, go simolola ka dikoloi tse di tsamayang ka mowa wa metsi, diterena, diterama le dibese tsa teroli go ya go dikolotsana tse di gogwang ke diphologolo, dibaesekele tsa bogologolo le dikoloi. Lolwapa lo na le dikoloi di le mmalwa tse di tsamayang ka diphefo, tse dingwe tsa tsone di sa ntse di bereka. <ref>[http://www.jhmt.org.za/ "Home"]. ''jhmt.org.za''</ref> == Ditiragalo tse dingwe == [[Cedric Maake]], mmolai yo o bolayang batho ka go latelana, yo o bolaileng batho ba ka nna masome a mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borataro le ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa , o ne a itsege e le Mmolai wa Wemmer Pan ka gonne batho ba le bantsi ba a neng a ba bolaya ba ne ba fitlhelwa mo lefelong leo. == Metswedi == 5hvbro4rkm1ur8zrgetz9m56rfzrap3 0 13797 51520 51185 2026-06-25T08:12:21Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51520 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Katwe Salt Lake.jpg|thumb|Letsha la letswai la Katwe]] '''Letsha la Katwe''' ke letsha le le nang le letswai le le kwa godimo le le kwa kgaolong ya [[Kasese]], kwa borwabophirima jwa Uganda. E itsege thata ka letswai le le kwa godimo mme e na le hisetori e e humileng ya meepo ya letswai ke baagi ba selegae. <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/gallery/2010/nov/19/salt-miners-lake-katwe-uganda "The salt miners of Lake Katwe in Uganda".] ''the Guardian''. 2010-11-22. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077 0261-3077]. Retrieved 2023-06-15.</ref><ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20240521032633/https://www.globalnature.org/35621/Living-Lakes/National-Networks/Network-East-Africa/Katwe/resindex.aspx "GNF - Lake Katwe"]. ''www.globalnature.org''. Retrieved 2023-06-15.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/katwe-the-salt-mining-lake-1503108 "KATWE: The salt mining lake"]. ''Monitor''. 2021-01-05. Retrieved 2023-06-15.</ref> == Thutafatshe le popego == Letsha la Katwe le mo lefelong la lekgwamolelo la Katwe-Kikorongo, le le akaretsang setlhopha sa matsha a a nang le dikhuti mo kgaolong eno. Go akanngwa gore letsha leno le nnile gone ka ntlha ya go thunya ga lekgwamolelo mo lefelong leno. E golagantswe le matsha a mangwe mo kgaolong ka ditsela tsa ka fa tlase ga lefatshe mme e na le dikhemikale tse di tshwanang ka ntlha ya tlholego ya yone ya lekgwamolelo. <ref name=":2">[https://www.queenelizabethparkuganda.com/information/katwe-salt-works/ "Lake Katwe Salt Works".] ''Queen Elizabeth National Park''. 2019-02-27. Retrieved 2023-06-15.</ref> Go nna letswai le go dira meepo ya letswai Nngwe ya dilo tse di tlhomologileng ka Letsha la Katwe ke go bo le na le letswai le lentsi. Letsha leno le na le letswai le le ntsi le diminerale tse dingwe, e leng se se dirileng gore e nne lefelo le le botlhokwa la go epa letswai. Batho ba mo lefelong leo ba ile ba nna ba ntsha letswai mo letsheng la Katwe ka makgolokgolo a dingwaga, ba dirisa mekgwa ya setso e e akaretsang go gatsetsa metsi a letsha go bona dikristale tsa letswai. Letswai leno le dirisiwa mo dilong tse di farologaneng, go akaretsa go apaya, go boloka dijo le go di rekisa. <ref>[https://www.independent.co.ug/reviving-katwe-salt-factory/ "Reviving Katwe salt factory".] ''The Independent Uganda''. 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2023-06-15.</ref> == Botlhokwa jwa tikologo == [[Setshwantsho:Lake Katwe; The Enchanting Salt Lake of Uganda 01.jpg|thumb]] Le fa letsha la Katwe le na le letswai le lentsi thata, le dira gore go se ka ga nna le ditshedi tse dintsi tsa mo metsing, ditshedi dingwe tse dinnye le bolele di kgona go tshela mo tikologong eno e e maswe. Ditshedi tseno di na le seabe se se botlhokwa thata mo tikologong ya letsha leno mme di thusa mo go direng gore go nne le mefutafuta ya ditshedi. [ citation needed ] Botlhokwa jwa letsha leno mo tikologong ga bo felele fela mo dilong tsa tlholego. Gape e dira jaaka motswedi wa botlhokwa wa metsi mo baaging ba ba e dikologileng, e tlamela metsi a a dirisiwang mo malapeng le go tshegetsa nosetso ya temothuo. <ref name=":1" /> == Botlhokwa jwa setso le Ditso == Letsha la Katwe le na le botlhokwa jwa setso le ditso mo baaging ba lefelo leno. Go epiwa ga letswai e ntse e le tiro e e tlwaelegileng ya ikonomi mo kgaolong eno, e e ileng ya fetisediwa go tswa kokomaneng e nngwe go ya go e nngwe. Mekgwa ya meepo le kitso e e amanang le go ntshiwa ga letswai la Letsha la Katwe e bolokilwe le go fetisetswa jaaka karolo ya ngwao-boswa ya setso sa selegae. <ref name=":0" /> == Bojanala le go boloka tlhago == [[Setshwantsho:Lake Katwe; The Enchanting Salt Lake of Uganda 05.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Katwe]] Mo dingwageng tsa bosheng jaana, Letsha la Katwe le ile la ngoka kgatlhego ya bajanala le babatlisisi ba ba kgatlhegelang dilo tse di tlhomologileng ka lone. Baeti ba ka kgona go iponela ka matlho fa go ntshiwa letswai, go buisana le batho ba lefelo leo le go ithuta ka botlhokwa jwa letsha leno mo go tsa setso le tsa tikologo. Go dirwa maiteko a go lekalekanya bojanala le go sireletsa tikologo gore go nne le tlhabololo e e tswelelang ya lefelo leno. Tlhokomelo ya tikologo, mananeo a thuto le maiteko a go nna le seabe ga baagi a tsentswe tirisong go sireletsa tikologo e e bokoa ya Letsha la Katwe le go boloka ngwao-boswa jwa lone. <ref name=":2" /> htsokgq4e6ec4646tqyn1fu2b3tq2sv 0 13813 51564 51205 2026-06-25T11:30:02Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51564 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Changane''' (Rio Changane) ke noka kwa lefatsheng la Mozambique, e e leng karolo ya Noka ya Limpopo e e kopanelang gaufi le lotshitshi, fela morago ga toropo ya Chibuto. Ke karolo ya molelwane wa botlhaba wa motse wa Gaza. Noka ya Changane ke nngwe ya dinoka tse di kafa botlhaba jwa [[Noka ya Limpopo]], e tsena mo go yone go tswa ka fa molemeng gaufi le molomo wa yone kwa Lewatleng la lefatshe la India. == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == Noka ya Changane le melatswana ya yone e e kgolo e tlhatlogela gaufi le molelwane le Zimbabwe.<ref name=":0">M. Chilundo; P. Kelderman; J. H. O´Keeffe. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120425071443/http://www.bscw.ihe.nl/pub/bscw.cgi/d2606993/Chilundo.pdf "Design of a Water Quality Monitoring Network for the Limpopo River Basin in Mozambique"] (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2011-10-16</ref> Noka e elela go ya kwa borwa go bapa le 34°E ya longitude go tswa go 22°S go ya go 24°S ya latitude.<ref name=":1">[https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at0908 "Zambezian halophytics".] ''Terrestrial Ecoregions''. World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 2011-10-16.</ref>Noka eno e elela metsi a a mo mafelong a a bongola a Banhine National Park.<ref name=":2">[http://www.krugerpark.co.za/krugerpark-times-3-19-banhine-23758.html "Banhine In The Grip Of Drought"]. Siyabona Africa. Retrieved 2011-10-16.</ref>Mokgatsha o akaretsa diheketara tse 6,557,055 (25,316.93 sq mi), kgotsa e ka nna 15.9% ya Mokgatsha wa Limpopo.<ref>[http://www.limpoporak.com/en/river/sub-basin+summaries/Changane.aspx "Changane Sub-Basin"]. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit. Retrieved 2011-10-16</ref>Noka eno e elela thata mo kgaolong e e omileng. Mo teng ga naga, pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga e kwa tlase ka makgolo a mane (400 mm (16 in), e tlhatlogela go makgolo a robabobedi (800 mm (31 in) gaufi le lotshitshi. Mokgatšha wa Noka ya Changane o gaufi le bogodimo jwa lewatle, mme e kile ya bo e le molelwane wa lewatle.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e05.htm#bm05.2.1 "Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin: Biophysical characteristics"]. FAO. 2004. Retrieved 2011-10-16</ref>Noka ya Changane e na le coefficient e e kwa tlase thata ya go elela le dipaka tse di telele tse go sa tshololweng sepe mo go tsone.<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/y5744e/y5744e07.htm "Drought impact mitigation and prevention in the Limpopo River Basin: Water Resources".] FAO. 2004. Retrieved 2011-10-16.</ref> == Tikologo == Molapo wa Changane o na le mafelo a a tletseng letswai a a nang le metsi a mantsi le a a nang le bojang jo bo nang le ditlhaketlhake tsa Acacia nilotica kraussiana. Ka tlwaelo ke naga e e omileng, mme kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robaongwe (1990) pula e ne ya oketsega thata, mme ya baka merwalela e e neng ya baka tshenyo e e seng kana ka sepe. Mafelo a a tletseng metsi gantsi a na le letswai le lentsi. Di laolwa ke bojang jo bo itshokelang letswai le mafelo a magolo a a se nang sepe.<ref name=":1" /> Mefuta e le lesome le borobabobedi ya ditlhapi e fitlhetswe kwa Banhine National Park go ela kwa bokone jwa mokgatšha ono. Ditlhapi tsa Afrika tsa makgwafo, mefuta e mebedi ya ditlhapi tsa killifish le mefuta e mebedi ya Barbel di dirile ditsela tsa go samagana le komelelo, ka ge mafelo a a bongola ka dinako tse dingwe a omile gotlhelele kwa godimo. <ref name=":2" />Banhine National Park e kile ya bo e le legae la dinare, sable, tsessebe, hartebeest, dipitse tsa naga le di-gnu. Bontsi jwa diphologolo tseno di ne tsa senngwa ka nako ya dintwa tsa selegae tsa dingwaga tsa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980) le tsa kwa tshimologong ya sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robaongwe(1990). Le fa go ntse jalo, serapa seno sa diphologolo se sa ntse se na le dinonyane tse di bidiwang di-wattled cranes tse di leng mo kotsing ya go nyelela le dinonyane tse dintsi tse di fudugang. Dipholo tsa patlisiso ya sefofane ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone (2004) di bontshitse gore phaka e na le dipalo tse di itekanetseng tsa nonyane, kudu, impala, reedbuck, duiker, steenbok, porcupine, warthog le oribi.<ref>[http://www.awf.org/content/headline/detail/1232 "AWF CONDUCTS AERIAL SURVEY IN BANHINE NATIONAL PARK".] AWF. Dec 15, 2004. Retrieved 2011-10-15.</ref> == Ditiro tsa batho == Helikopotara e fofa fa godimo ga metsi a a neng a khurumeditse Mozambique Bogare ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi (2000). Batho ba lefelo leo ba ile ba lebana le ntwa ya selegae e e tsereng lobaka lo loleele, mme gape ba tshwanelwa ke go itshokela komelelo le merwalela e e senyang ka dinako tse dingwe. Go na le palo e nnye ya batho kwa Banhine Park. Ba ntse ba senya tikologo ka go jala mmidi, sorghum, cassava le mmidi ka go di rema le go di fisa. Fa go nna le komelelo, dijalo di a senyega mme batho ba boela gape mo go tsomeng le mo go tshwareng ditlhapi, e leng se se dirang gore diphologolo di nne le mathata. Mmuso o rotloetsa batho go tswa mo phakeng ka go aga metswedi ya metsi ya leruri kwa ntle ga lefelo la tshireletso le go fa ba ba fudugang dikgothatso.<ref name=":2" /> Kgaolo ya Chibuto e kwa dipoeng tsa Noka ya Changane gaufi le toropo ya Chibuto. Mo karolong eno ya noka, palogare ya pula e e nang e ka nna dimilimetara di le makgolo a mabedi ka nako ya mariga le paka ya komelelo go tloga ka kgwedi ya Moranang go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Lwetse, le dimilimetara di ka nna makgolo a matlhano le bosupa ka nako ya selemo e e mogote le e e bongola go tloga ka kgwedi ya Phalane go fitlha ka Mopitlwe. Batho ba koo ba humanegile, mme diperesente di le masome a matlhano tsa bone ba humanegile thata. Ba itshedisa thata ka go lema, ba lema merogo, dipanana, mmidi le reise. Gape ba fudisa dikgomo e bile ba dirisa lotlhaka le bojang jwa lefelo leo go dira ditlhale. Metswedi ya metsi a a foreshe mo lefelong le le bongola e dirisediwa go nosetsa le go dirisiwa mo malapeng.<ref name=":3">Nidhi Nagabhatla; Francisco Saimone; Dinis Juízo; Mutsa Masiyandima. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120406110517/http://www.worldfishcenter.org/resource_centre/WF_2106.pdf "Seasonality dynamics for investigating wetland-agriculture nexus and its ecosystems service values in Chibuto, Mozambique"] (PDF). WorldFish Center. Retrieved 2011-10-16.</ref> Dimmapa tsa tiriso ya lefatshe di bontsha gore fa gare ga ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le motso (2001) le ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa(2007) bontsi jwa mafelo a a nang le ditlhatshana a a nang le ditlhatshana kwa Chibuto a ile a fetolwa ka iketlo gore a dirisiwe mo temothuong ka dipaka tse di omileng le tse di metsi. Lebaka le lengwe e ka nna ya bo e le maemo a a sa tlwaelegang a komelelo mo nakong eno. Balemirui ba lefelo leo le bone ba bega gore dikgomo di oketsega ka tsela e e sa kgonegeng. Babokelli ba lehlaka ba tlaleha hore lehlaka le a tjheswa ho lokolla mobu bakeng sa temo, e leng se ka nnang sa ba le tshusumetso e mpe ya nako e telele tikolohong.<ref name=":3" /> Patlisiso nngwe e e dirilweng magareng ga kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006) le ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007) e fitlhetse gore metsi a noka eno ga a dumalane le dikaelo tsa Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Boitekanelo malebana le boleng jwa metsi a a nowang. Seno se ka tswa se bakilwe ka tsela nngwe ke go bo noka eno e na le mafelo a a nang le metsi a mantsi le ka ntlha ya tsela e noka eno e nang le ione e ntsi ka teng ka ntlha ya tsela e e neng e le ka teng mo lefelong leo. Le fa go ntse jalo, kgotlelo ka di-coliforms (e e kwa godimo go gaisa mo toropong ya Chibuto) e ne e le ka ntlha ya matlakala a mo ditoropong.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == a8quov4cn5u1h8q0mtni9mpae2xup7s 0 13843 51510 51255 2026-06-25T07:52:23Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Sélingué''' ke letamo le le ikagetsweng le le nang le botlha jo bo agilweng ka matlapa kwa kgaolong ya Sikasso, kwa [[Noka ya Sankarani|nokeng ya Sankarani]], nngwe ya dinoka tse ditona thata kwa [[Noka ya Niger|nokeng ya Niger]]. Ke motswedi wa kgothetso o o botlhokwa thata kwa [[Mali]], le fetwa fela ke [[letamo la Manantali]] kwa [[Noka ya Bafing|nokeng ya Bafing]]. Kago ya lone, ka tlhwatlhwa ya didikadike tsa di dolara tsa America di le lekgolo le masome a mane, e bone dithuso tsa madi go tswa mo bathong le dikompone tse di farologaneng. Letamo le na le molomo wa boleele jwa dimithara di le dikete pedi, makgolo a marataro le bokwa godimo jwa dimithara di le masome mabedi le boraro.<ref name=":0">Zwarts, Leo; Cissé, Navon; Diallo, Mori (2005), "Chapter 2: Hydrology of the Upper Niger", in Zwarts, Leo; van Beukering, Pieter; Kone, Bakary; et al. (eds.), ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20110724143543/http://www.altwym.nl/uploads/file/361_1289481552.pdf The Niger, a lifeline: Effective water management in the Upper Niger Basin]'' (PDF), Veenwouden, the Netherlands: Altenburg & Wymenga, pp. 15–41, ISBN 90-807150-6-9</ref> Le ntsha motlakase wa dimegawatts di le masome a mane lebone, letamo le ntsha motlakase wa dikilowatts mo oureng di le didikadike tse di makgolo mabedi ka ngwaga. Letamo le le fetlhela Bamako, Kati, Koulikoro, Segou, Fana, Diola, Yanfolila le Kalana motlakase. Le simolotse go bereka ka 1982, la ntshafadiwa ka 1996 go tsena 2001. Kgampu e e tshwarang metsi a letamo le e tlhama letsha la maitirelo la Selingue. Seelo sa metsi fa a tletse ke dimithara di le makgolo a mararo, masome a mane le borobabongwe mme se a farologana mo ngwageng. Fa le tletse, letamo le baya dikhilomithara di le pedi le bobedi tsa metsi, le bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mane le borobabongwe.<ref name=":0" /> Le letla gore go nne le temothuo mo mafelong a a nosediwang a tlhokometswe ke ofisi ya ditlhabololo tsa magae kwa Selingue, ga mmog le go tshwara ditlhapi.<ref>Knaap, Martin van der (1994), ''[https://www.fao.org/4/V4110E/V4110E04.htm#ch4.3 Status of fish stocks and fisheries of thirteen medium-sized African reservoirs. CIFA Technical Paper] 26'', Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, ISBN 92-5-103581-4</ref> == Metswedi == 4mqs2x2sbsoc3j34ykmhaw0o33xnaqa 0 13850 51565 51262 2026-06-25T11:30:07Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51565 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Cross|image_name=Cross River (Cameroon).jpg|caption=Noka ya Cross gaufi le toropo ya Mamfe kwa [[Cameroon]]|image_map=Cross River OSM.png|river_name=Oyono|origin=[[Cameroon]]|mouth=Bight of Biafra|basin_countries=[[Cameroon]] [[Nigeria]]|elevation=2,728 m|length=489 km|river_system=Cross River|left_tribs=Mfi, Mbu, [[noka ya Bali]] Munaya, Awa, ibe, Ukpon, Ekpor, Udep, Calabar,Great Kwa|right_tribs=Bagwor, Mak, Mo, Mam, Munaya, Oyi, Obokum, Afi,Ikpa,Enyong, Aboine}} '''Noka ya Cross''' (leina la mo gae e le Oyono)<ref>[[:en:Élisée_Reclus|Reclus, Élisée]] (1892). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=D1pAa9idGX0C&pg=PA341&redir_esc=y Africa]''. Vol. 3 (reprint ed.). Forgotten Books. p. 341. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/1-4400-9130-7|<bdi>1-4400-9130-7</bdi>.]]</ref> ke yone noka ya konokono kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa [[Nigeria]], kgaolo ya Cross River e tsaya leina mo go yone. E simolola kwa [[Cameroon]], kwa leina la [[noka ya Manyu]] le tswang teng.<ref>L. Zapfack; J. S. O. Ayeni; S. Besong; M. Mdaihli (November 2001). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110708112712/http://cameroun-foret.com/system/files/18_18_01.pdf "ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY OF THE TAKAMANDA FOREST RESERVE"] (PDF). Archived from [https://cameroun-foret.com/system/files/18_18_01.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> Le ntswa le se le leele ka seelo sa mo [[Aferika|Aforika]], lefelo le e mo go lone le itemogela dipula tse dinamagadi ebile e nne bophara thata. Mo dikhilomithareng tsa yone tsa bofelo tse di masome a robabobedi go ya kwa lewatleng, e elela go kgabaganya sekgwa se se bongola se na le melatswana e le mmalwa, e tlhama makgadikagdi gaufi le bokopano jwa yone le noka ya Calabar,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100505220021/http://www.mowca.org/new%20design/member-states/nigeria.html "Maritime Organisation of West and Central Africa, Nigeria]". Archived from [http://www.mowca.org/new%20design/member-states/nigeria.html the original] on 2010-05-05. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> dikhilomithara di le masome mabedi ka bophara le di le masome a matlhano ka boleele gareng ga ditoropo tsa Oron kwa lotshitshing lwa bophirima le Calabar, kwa lotshitshing lo lo kwa botlhaba, dikhilomithara di feta masome a mararo go tswa kwa lewatleng. Makgadikgadi a tshela kwa letamong le legolwane<ref>[[:en:Hugh_Chisholm|Chisholm, Hugh,]] ed. (1911). [[wikisource:1911_Encyclopædia_Britannica/Cross_River|"Cross River" .]] ''[[:en:Encyclopædia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 510.</ref> le e le kopanetseng le dinoka tse dingwe tse dipotlana. Kwa molomong wa yone kwa lewatleng la Atlantic, letamo le dikhilomithara di le masome a mabedi le bone ka bophara. Botlhaba jwa letamo bo mo lefatsheng le le mabapi la [[Cameroon]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Cross-River-state-Nigeria "Cross River | Nigeria, Map, & Facts | Britannica".] ''www.britannica.com''. 2023-09-12. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> Motswedi o motona wa noka ya Cross ke noka ya Aloma, e tswa kwa kgaolong ya Benue go kopana le noka ya Cross kwa kgaolong ya Cross River. Kgaolo ya Cross River e kopane le tsela e tona e e yang kwa kgaolong e e mabapi ya Akwa Ibom. Sekgele gareng ga Oron le Calabat ke dikhilomithara di le masome mabedi le motso ka mokoro le dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mabedi ka tsela. Palo ya batho ba Cross River kwa tlase ba dirisa dipalamo tsa metsi, toropo ya Calabar e tswa boglogolong e na le maemelo a dikepe, mo nokeng ya Calabar dikhilomithara di le lesome go tswa kwa bokopanelong jwa yone le noka ya Cross le dikhilomithara di le masome a matlhano le botlhano go tswa kwa lewatleng. Borogo jwa Itu kwa nokeng ya Cross bo mo tseleng ya Itu-Calabar, bo bolelwa fa e le nngwe ya dikatlego tsa tsamaiso ya Gowon fa bo fediwa ka 1975.<ref>admin. [https://seaempowerment.org/?p=981 "Major Rivers in Nigeria (Details and Pictures) – Sea Empowerment and Research".] Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> Noka ya Cross e dira molelwane gareng ga dikgaolo tse di ratiwang ke pula tsa dikgwa tsa Cross Niger kwa bophirima jwa noka gareng ga dinoka tsa Cross le Niger, le Cross-Sanaga-Bioko kwa botlhaba gareng ga noka ya Cross le noka ya Sanaga kwa [[Cameroon]]. Pula ya ngwaga e farologana go tswa dimilimithara di le seke, makgolo a supa le masome a marataro kwa bokone jwa kgaolo go tsena dimilimithara di le dikete tharo, le lekgolo kwa borwa.<ref>Nkpa M., Ogarekpe; Ekpe A., Obio; Imokhai T., Tenebe; Praise God C., Emenike; Chidozie C., Nnaji (23 Jul 2020). [[doi:10.1080/19475705.2020.1785954|"Flood vulnerability assessment of the upper Cross River basin using morphometric analysis".]] ''Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk''. '''11''' (1): 1378–1403. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020GNHR...11.1378O 2020GNHR...11.1378O.] doi:[[doi:10.1080/19475705.2020.1785954|10.1080/19475705.2020.1785954.]]</ref> Noka ya Cross e file lefelo la itloso bodutu le lolwapa la diteme leina.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20240727035559/https://www.traveldigest.com.ng/index.php/travel-and-tourism-events/item/664-brief-history-of-cross-river-national-park "Brief History of Cross River National Park".] ''www.traveldigest.com.ng''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> Kgaolo ya Cross Riber ke e e botlhokwa thata mo ditsong ka e le a) mo legaeng le go belaesegang batho bantsho ba ba buang [[dipuo tsa Bantu]] ba fudugile teng go kgabaganya Aforika dingwaga di le dikete tharo go tsena di le dikete tlhano tse di fetileng, b) ke lefelo le mokwalo wa Nsibidi o tlhamilweng teng, c) ke lefelo la Calabar, lengwe la marekisetso a matona ka nako ya [[kgwebo ya makgoba ya Atlantic]]. == Kgotlhelesego == Ka dikgwedi tse go neng go sekasekiwa, iron, manganese, lead, arsenic le chromium di ne tsa bonwa mo metsing ka dielo tse di borai go ka nowa; ka jalo metsi a ne a kgotlhelesegile ka ditshipi tse a ka se ikanngwe go nosa batho ba [[Nigeria]]. == Metswedi == 69wl59itgn70mu9uhueglmi0nu3cpez 0 13857 51559 51269 2026-06-25T11:24:41Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51559 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:In Bonny River - panoramio.jpg|thumb]] [[Setshwantsho:Golden Sunset at Bonny River.jpg|thumb|Letsatsi le phirima kwa Bonny]] '''Noka ya Bonny''' ke noka e e kwa kgaolong ya Rivers, kwa [[Nigeria]].<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20100310095049/http://www.nlng.com/NLNGnew/environment/EIA+For+NLNGPlus/Description+Of+The+Environment.htm "Description Of The Environment"]. Nigeria LNG Limited. Archived from [http://www.nlng.com/NLNGnew/environment/EIA+For+NLNGPlus/Description+Of+The+Environment.htm the original] on 2010-03-10. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> Dipalamo tsa setshaba tsa metsi tse do tsamayang mo lotshitshing lwa noka di kopanya [[setlhaketlhake sa Bonny]] le maemelo a dikepe a Harcourt, <ref name=":0" />toropokgolo ya kgaolo ya Rivers, e e mo lotshitshing lwa noka.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Bonny-River "Bonny River | river, Nigeria | Britannica".] ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20061125011206/http://portharcourt.net/php/visitorinfo.php "Welcome to Port Harcourt".] ''AfricanCities.net''. White Pages Limited. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> Ke bontlha jwa makgadikgadi a noka ya Niger gape.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Bonny-River "Bonny River | river, Nigeria | Britannica"]. ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> Ditlhapi tse di nang le dikgapa di tshwana le di prawn, pweriwinkle le di crab tse di bonwang kwa dinokeng tsa Bonny go lemogilwe fa di na le tshipi e e kwa godimo.<ref>Oyewole, Oe; Pepple, Mm (2011-11-07). [http://www.ajol.info/index.php/njns/article/view/71721 "Mineral and Heavy Metal Contents of some Shellfish in Bonny River, Rivers State, Nigeria: Public Health Implication".] ''Nigerian Journal of Nutritional Sciences''. '''32''' (2): 71–78. doi:[[doi:10.4314/njns.v32i2.71721|10.4314/njns.v32i2.71721.]] ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0189-0913 0189-0913.]</ref> Ditirelo tse di diriwang thata kwa nokeng ya Bonny ke go tshwara ditlhapi le go tsamaisa batho le dithoto.<ref>Bankole, Idowu (2024-01-10). [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/01/5-infants-6-adults-die-as-2-wooden-boats-capsize-in-rivers/ "5 infants, 6 adults die as 2 wooden boats capsize in Rivers".] ''Vanguard News''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref><ref>[https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00072281.html "Fishing in Nigerian State Threatened As Bandits Take Over Rivers".] ''allAfrica.com''. 2020-03-09. Retrieved 2026-06-22.</ref> == Madirelo kwa nokeng ya Bonny == * Nigeria Liquefiled Natural Gas Limited<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230928182103/https://www.nigerialng.com/Pages/locations.aspx "Locations".] ''www.nigerialng.com''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> * Federal Light and Ocean Terminals * Saipem Contracting Limited * Aveon Offshore Limited * International Hydrographic Organisation == Seemo sa loapi == Noka ya Bonny e na le seemo se se bongola, paka ya dipula e nan e le bothito. paka ya komelelo e molelo gantsi go thibile maru. Mo ngwageng, bothitho bo a farologana go tswa kwa go 21 degrees go stena 31 degrees ga se gantsi bo le kwa tlase ga 18 kgotsa kwa godimo ga 33.<ref>[https://weatherspark.com/y/54974/Average-Weather-in-Bonny-Nigeria-Year-Round "Bonny Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark".] ''weatherspark.com''. Retrieved 2026-06-22.</ref> == Kgotlhelesego == Go begilwe ka 2014 gore noka ya Bonny e kgotlhelwa ke go tshologa ga ole.<ref>Azubuike, Victor (2014-11-24). [https://dailypost.ng/2014/11/24/devastating-crude-oil-spill-hits-bonny-rivers-state/ "Devastating crude oil spill hits Bonny, Rivers state"]. ''Daily Post''. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref> Setlhaketlhake sa Bonny se bonwe se na le kgotlhelesego e e tsisitsweng ke go thunya ga gase e e amileng ditshedi le dimela tsa loapi<ref>Nigeria, Guardian (2021-01-07). [https://guardian.ng/news/pipeline-explosion-causes-panic-in-rivers-community/ "Pipeline explosion causes panic in Rivers community".] ''The Guardian''. Lagos, Nigeria. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref>. Go ntshiwa mo ga gase go bakile gore batho bangwe ba tlhokafale fa bangwe ba le bansti ba le mo dikokelwaneng; ditlhapi di a bolawa, mmu o kgothege. Se se gakaditse mathata a lehuma, tshotlego, bolwetse le tlala mo bathong.<ref>Amos, Kobor (2023-07-09). [https://guardian.ng/news/rivers-worries-over-conflicting-reports-on-oil-spill/ "Rivers: Worries over conflicting reports on oil spill".] ''The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News''. Retrieved 2026-06-22</ref><ref>Okogba, Emmanuel (2024-05-05). [https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/05/the-press-and-environmental-crisis-in-niger-delta/ "The press and environmental crisis in Niger Delta".] ''Vanguard News''. Retrieved 2026-06-22.</ref> == Metswedi == duyc8pn1dc78l6d3jhich762zi9ko1w 0 13863 51516 51276 2026-06-25T08:05:56Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51516 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Chamo 01.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Chamo]] '''Letsha la Chamo''' (Amharic) ke letsha le le mo kgaolong ya South [[Ethiopia]] Regional State kwa borwa jwa Ethiopia. E kwa bogodimong jwa dimetara di le 1.110 mo kgaolong e e bidiwang [[Main Ethiopian Rift]]. Letsha la Chamo le kafa borwa jwa Letsha la Abaya le toropo ya Arba Minch, kafa botlhaba jwa Dithaba tsa Guge le kafa bophirima jwa Dithaba tsa Amaro. == Kakaretso == Karolo e e kwa bokone ya Letsha la Chamo e mo [[Nechisar National Park]]. Go ya ka dipalopalo tse di gatisitsweng ke [[Central Statistical Agency,]] e boleele jwa dikilometara di le masome a mararo le bobedi le bophara jwa dikilometara di le lesome le boraro , mme e na le bogodimo jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le lesome le bosupa le boteng jwa dimetara di le lesome le bone ka bogolo jwa dikilometara di le 18757.<ref>[http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/publications/Working_Papers/working/WP123.pdf "Water Resources and Irrigation Development in Ethiopia - IWMI"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110718023957/http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/publications/Working_Papers/working/WP123.pdf Archived] 18 July 2011 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], Table 3. Basic hydrological data of lakes and reservoirs of Ethiopia. (accessed 2 July 2011)</ref> <ref>Google Earth</ref>Metswedi e mengwe e e baya mo bogodimong jwa dimetara di le sekete,makgolo a mabedi le masome a mararo le botlhano ka boleele jwa dikilometara di le masome a mabedi le borataro, bophara jwa dikilometara di le masome a mabedi le bobedi le lefelo la square kilometers di le makgolo a matlhano le masome a matlhano le bongwe le letsha la metsi la 2220 square kilometers le boteng jo bo kwa godimo jwa dimetara di le lesome . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101113215000/http://www.csa.gov.et/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=184&format=raw&Itemid=466 "Climate, 2008 National Statistics (Abstract)"] Archived 13 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Table A.2. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 26 December 2009)</ref> Letsha leno le dikologilwe ke ditlhatshana tsa Typha, mmogo le mafelo a a nang le metsi. E fepiwa ke Noka ya Kulfo le dinoka tse dinnye di le mmalwa, mmogo le go tshologa go tswa kwa Letsheng la Abaya le le tlisitsweng ke Noka ya Ualo. <ref name=":0">Robert Mepham, R. H. Hughes, and J. S. Hughes, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PP1 ''A directory of African wetlands'',] (Cambridge: IUCN, UNEP and WCMC, 1992), p. 163</ref> Oscar Neumann, o ne a tlhotlhomisa lefelo le ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le bongwe, a fitlhela mosele o o omileng o o golaganyang Letsha la Chamo le Noka ya Sagan, se se neng sa dira gore a swetse ka gore letsha le thusa Noka ya Sagan mo dingwageng tsa dipula tse di bokete. <ref>Oscar Neumann, "From the Somali Coast through Southern Ethiopian to the Sudan", ''Geographical Journal'', '''20''' (October 1902), pp. 373–398</ref> Diphologolo tsa naga di akaretsa ditlhapi tse di jaaka tlhapi ya katse Bagrus docmak le Nile perch, mmogo le noka ya noka le dikwena tsa Nile. <ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == 8evx29aoo3xoaxdwoksxs4c3dm80yer 0 13873 51513 51286 2026-06-25T08:02:01Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51513 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:ET Afar asv2018-01 img113 Afdera.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Afrera]] '''Letsha la Afrera''' (Lake Giuletti ka Sentadiana) ke letsha le le nang le letswai le lentsi kwa bokone jwa [[Ethiopia]]. Le kwa Kilbet Rasu, kwa kgaolong ya Afar, ke lengwe la matsha a a mo Danakil Depression. E na le bogodimo jwa 117 km2 mme e na le 2.4 km3 ya letswai. Botebo jo bo kwa godimo jwa Letsha la Afdera ke dimetatara di le masome a robabobedi kwa bokone le di le masome a supa le borataro m kwa borwa. <ref name=":0">Schaegis, Jean-Charles; Rime, Valentin; Kidane, Tesfaye; Mosar, Jon; Gebru, Ermias Filfilu; Atnafu, Balemwal; Foubert, Anneleen (2021-07-01). [[doi:10.3389/feart.2021.706643|"Novel Bathymetry of Lake Afdera Reveals Fault Structures and Volcano-Tectonic Features of an Incipient Transform Zone (Afar, Ethiopia)"]]. ''Frontiers in Earth Science''. '''9'''. Bibcode:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021FrEaS...9..530S 2021FrEaS...9..530S]. doi:10.3389/feart.2021.706643. ISSN 2296-6463.</ref>Ga go na noka epe e kgolo e e elelang mo letsheng leno. E fepiwa ke metswedi e e bothitho go bapa le dintshi tsa matsha. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Bonatti, Enrico; Gasperini, Elia; Vigliotti, Luigi; Lupi, Luca; Vaselli, Orlando; Polonia, Alina; Gasperini, Luca (2017-05-01). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5443967 "Lake Afrera, a structural depression in the Northern Afar Rift (Red Sea)".] ''Heliyon''. '''3''' (5) e00301. Bibcode:2017Heliy...300301B. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00301|10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00301]]. ISSN 2405-8440. PMC 5443967. <nowiki>PMID 28560355</nowiki>.</ref> E itsege gape ka leina la Letša la Giulietti, leina le Raimondo Franchetti a le fileng lone morago ga gore mmatlisisi wa Italy Giuseppe Maria Giulietti a bolawe ke Ba-Afars kwa borwabophirima jwa letsha. <ref>Jon Kalb, ''Adventures in the Bone Trade'' (New York: Copernicus Books, 2001), p. 72</ref> Leina le lengwe la metsi ano ke Letsha la Egogi (kgotsa Egogi Bad), e leng leina la ga L. M. Kaedi ya ga Nesbitt ya Afar e ne ya e neela fa mmatlisisi wa Italy a ne a nna Mo-Yuropa wa ntlha go e bona ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe ke masome a mabedi le borobabobedi . <ref>Nesbitt, ''Hell-Hole of Creation: The Exploration of Abyssinian Danakil'' (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1935), p. 337</ref> Setlhaketlhake se le sengwe mo Letsheng la Afrera, Setlhaketlhake sa Franchetti (se gape se itsegeng jaaka "Deset"), se se kwa karolong ya borwa jwa letsha, se tsewa e le setlhaketlhake se se kwa tlase mo lefatsheng. <ref>Philip Briggs, ''Ethiopia: The Bradt Travel Guide'', 5th edition (Chalfont St Peters: Bradt, 2009), p. 314</ref> Go farologana le matsha a mangwe a a letswai a kwa Ethiopia (sekao, Matsha a Abijatta, Shala le Chitu), pH ya Letsha la Afrera e kwa tlase e bile e mo karolong ya asiti. Le fa gone go sa ithutiwa thata ka tsone, go na le mefuta e le mmalwa ya ditlhapi tse di nnang mo Letsheng la Afrera, tse di akaretsang tse pedi tse di nnang koo: Danakilia franchettii (cichlid) le Aphaniops stiassnyae (syn. Lebias stiassnyae; tlhapi e nnye).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111005203746/http://www.feow.org/ecoregion_details.php?eco=527 "527: Western Red Sea Drainages"] Archived 2011-10-05 at the Wayback Machine, Freshwater ecosystems of the world website (accessed 11 November 2009)</ref> == Go ntshiwa ga letswai == Letswai le le tswang mo matlapeng le ntse le epiwa kwa Letsheng la Afrera le mo karolong e e dikologileng ya Kgaolo ya Afar ka makgolokgolo a dingwaga. Lt. Lefebvre o ne a kwala dingwe tsa dikotsi tsa go epa letswai ka nako ya Kwelotlase e tona ya Itsholelo, tse a neng a di utlwa go tswa go mongwe wa badiri ba kwa meepong ka boene: O ne a bolela gore gantsi letsha leno le fetola popego ya lone le lefelo la lone, mme o ne a tlhalosa seo ka mafoko ano: letsha leno le a tsamaya. Gantsi, o ne a oketsa ka gore, fa o ya kwa lefelong le le neng le le thata mo maitseboeng a a fetileng, o ne o phatloga ka tshoganyetso, mme o bo o nyelela mo moleteng. Mme se se tshosang le go feta ke go penologa ga metsi: ka dinako tse dingwe letsha le tlhatloga jaaka thaba, mme le bo le wela gape mo dipoeng jaaka morwalela; dikarabe tsotlhe, batho le diphologolo di a nwela. Le fa go ntse jalo, go na le matshwao a a bontshang gore go tla diragala eng, a banna ba ba palameng dipitse fela ba ka a dirisang, ka go fofa ka lobelo lo logolo lwa diphologolo; ka dinako tse dingwe dingwe dingwe tsa tsone di a bo di tshabile, mme ke mo go tsone dintlha tseno tse di tshosang di bonwang.<ref>Henry James, ''Routes in Abyssinia; Presented to the house of Commons, in pursuance of their Address dated November 26, 1867'' (London, 1867), p. 200</ref> Go dirwa ga letswai kwa Letsheng la Afrera Bosheng jaana, Ethiopian Mineral Resources Development Enterprise e ne ya tlhomamisa gore go na le ditone di le dimilione di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a robabongwe tsa letswai kwa Letsheng la Afrera fela. Dikgwebo dingwe tsa mo lefelong leo di ne di tle di ntshe letswai mo letsheng ka go pompela metsi a letswai mo matamong a maitirelo gore a mowafale le gore go nne le pula e ntsi. <ref>[http://www.geology.gov.et/current%20exploration%20and%20mining.html Current Exploration and Mining] [[:en:Wikipedia:Archive.today_guidance|Deprecated link]] archived 2007-04-22 at archive.today, Geological Survey of Ethiopia Web Page (accessed 26 January 2009)</ref> Morago ga go thunya ga lekgwamolelo la Nabro ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso, letsha leno le ne la kgotlelwa ka sulfuric acid, e leng se se neng sa dira gore letswai leno le se ka la jewa. <ref>Mesfin, Mahlet (June 12, 2011). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110623142440/http://addisfortune.com/Eritrean%20Volcano%20Erupts%20Economic%20Mayhem%20for%20Ethiopia.htm "Eritrean Volcano Erupts Economic Mayhem for Ethiopia".] [[:en:Addis_Fortune|''Addis Fortune''.]] Archived from the original on June 23, 2011.</ref> == Thutafatshe == Letšha la Afdera le ne la bopiwa ke diphatlha tse di neng di le mo ntlheng tse di farologaneng tse di golaganyang Erta Ale Volcanic Range, Tat'Ali volcanic range, le Alayta volcanic range.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />Go feta moo, go tlhalosiwa gore kgolokwe e e kwa borwa e ka tswa e emela lekgwamolelo la lekgwamolelo.<ref name=":0" /> == Motswedi wa metsi == Letsha la Afdera le na le metswedi e mentsi ya metsi a a bothitho go dikologa letsha<ref name=":1" />mme gongwe le metswedi e e kafa tlase ga metsi. Metsi a letsha la Afdera a letswai mme ga a tswe mo lewatleng. Metsi a kontinente a ne a nna letswai ka ntlha ya go tswakana ga hydrothermal le di-evaporites le di-basalt tse di kafa tlase ga lefatshe. <ref name=":1" />Mogote wa letsha o ne wa fetoga thata mo dingwageng di le diketekete tse di fetileng. Ka nako ya Dipaka tse di Bongola tsa Aforika, boalo jwa letsha bo ne bo le kwa godimo ka dimetara di le masome a matlhano go feta gompieno mme bo ne bo le bogolo thata. <ref>Gasse, Françoise (January 1974). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/iroh.19740590112 "Les Diatomées des Sédiments Holocènes du Bassin du Lac Afrera (Giulietti) (Afar Septentrional, Ethiopie). Essai de Reconstitution de l'Évolution du Milieu".] ''Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie''. '''59''' (1): 95–122. Bibcode:1974IRH....59...95G. doi:10.1002/iroh.19740590112. ISSN 0020-9309</ref>Fa e sale ka bo ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe ke masome a marataro seelo sa letsha se ne se ntse se fetofetoga,<ref>Nanis, Hafid; Aly, Mohamed H. (2020-07-03). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10106049.2018.1559884 "Desegregation of remote sensing and GIS to characterize fluctuations in the surface water area of Afar Lakes, Ethiopia".] ''Geocarto International''. '''35''' (9): 976–990. Bibcode:2020GeoIn..35..976N. doi[[:10.1080/10106049.2018.1559884.]] ISSN 1010-6049.</ref> mme dipharologano tseno di ne di le ka fa tlase ga metara o le mongwe ka bogolo.<ref name=":0" />Seno se bontsha gore metsi a letsha a laolwa ke tlelaemete le dipula tse di nang kwa dithabeng tsa Ethiopia kgotsa kwa Danakil Alps. == Metswedi == cmbj5pg9kyi5dl8cb3wnbu66cp7n5z3 0 13875 51505 51288 2026-06-25T07:38:35Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51505 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Keddara Dam.jpg|thumb|Letamo la keddra]] '''Letamo la Keddara''', kgotsa Barrage Keddara, ke letamo le le dikilometara di le thataro kwa bokonebophirima jwa Keddara mo nokeng ya Boudouaou mo motsaneng wa Boumerdès, lefatsheng la [[Algeria]]. E agilwe magareng ga sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bobedi (1982) le sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bosupa(1987) ke kompone ya Yugoslav ya Hidrotehnika, maikaelelo a matona a letamo ke go tlamela metsi a go nosetsa le go dirisiwa ke masepala kwa Algiers e e leng dikilometara di le masome a mararo le botlhano go ya kwa bophirima.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210715120433/http://www.hidroenergetika.rs/en/algerie/keddara/ "Keddara | Algerie - Hidrotehnika - Hidroenergetika a.d."] ''www.hidroenergetika.rs''. Retrieved 2021-07-15.</ref> Letamo le le kwa bokgoni jwa 146,500,000 m3 (118,769 acre⋅ft) e e kgobokantsweng go tswa go kgelelo le Letamo la Hamiz 7.6 km (5 mi) go ya kwa bophirima le Letamo la Beni Amrane 17 km (11 mi) go ya kwa botlhaba.<ref>[http://www.hidrotehnika.rs/en/algerie/keddara/ "Keddara".] Hidrotehnika-Hidroenergetika. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.serbiaconstruction.com/projects/keddara-embankment-dam/ "Keddara embankment dam".] Serbia Construction. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref> == Metswedi == pnlgdyo0vwoemz1vg6dsrgnwakm8ty7 0 13906 51524 51326 2026-06-25T08:16:50Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51524 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Oponona''' (Ndonga: one that swallowed up all the water) ke letsha la tlholego mo Uuvudhiya Constituency mo kgaolong ya Oshana kwa bokone jwa [[Namibia|Namibia.]] E bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le masome a supa go tswa kwa [[Etosha Pan]] mme ke letsha le legolo go a gaisa otlhe mo Cuvelai Basin. E boloka metsi go fitlha ka paka e e latelang ya dipula mo ngwageng o o humileng. E re ka letsha leno le boloka metsi ka lobaka lo loleele dinonyane di le dintsi tse di jaaka di-flamingo le tse dingwe di fudugela koo ka nakwana, fa di-oshanas (mabala a a nang le merwalela), mafelo a a nang le ditlhatshana le mafelo a mangwe a a nang le metsi a omeletse. <ref>Shigwedha, Absolom (7 January 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20131016005356/http://www.namibian.com.na/indexx.php?archive_id=61370&page_type=archive_story_detail&page=2635 "Lake Oponona a Lifeline in the North".] ''The Namibian''. Retrieved 15 October 2013.</ref> Ka nako ya komelelo ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedu le lesome le bobedi/lesome le boraroletsha la Oponona le ne la fokotsega ka dimetara tse di fetang makgolo a matlhano ka ntlha ya diketekete tsa dikgomo tse di neng tsa fudusediwa koo go ya go nwa metsi. <ref>Shaanika, Helvy (30 August 2013). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130903021156/http://www.newera.com.na/features/stricken-cattle-threaten-lake/ "Stricken Cattle Threaten Lake".] ''[[:en:New_Era_(Namibia)|New Era]]''. Archived from the original on 3 September 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013</ref> Gape go na le Noka ya Oponona e e leng kwa motseng wa [[Oniizimba wa Kgaolo ya Ompundja]]. <ref>Shaanika, Helvy (30 March 2011). [http://allafrica.com/stories/201103300256.html "Massive Destruction in the North".] ''New Era''. Retrieved 30 November 2011.</ref> == Metswedi == hqsd52egswjrirh53m30w3llu38ez9j 0 13944 51503 51372 2026-06-25T07:29:38Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51503 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Bui Dam.jpg|thumb|letamo la Buli]] '''Letamo la Bui''' ke porojeke ya motlakase wa metsi wa dimekawate di le makgolo a mane (400 (di-hp di le 540 000) kwa Ghana. E agilwe mo nokeng ya Black Volta kwa Bui Gorge, kwa ntlheng e e kwa borwa ya Phaka ya Bosetšhaba ya Bui. Porojekete eno e ne e le tirisanommogo fa gare ga puso ya lefatshe la Ghana le Sino Hydro, e leng kompone ya puso ya China ya go aga. Kago ya letamo leletona e simolotse ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009). Jenereitara ya lone ya ntlha e ne ya tsenngwa tirisong ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e thola boraro ka ngwga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro(2013),<ref>[https://www.modernghana.com/news/462096/1/president-mahama-inaugurates-the-bui-hydro-electri.html "President Mahama inaugurates the Bui Hydro electricity project".] ''Modern Ghana''. 5 May 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2024</ref>mme letamo le ne la tlhongwa ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole one ngwaga oo.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201312210004.html "Ghana: Bui Dam Comes Alive - Ghana Energy Problems Now Over".] All Africa. 20 December 2014. Retrieved 11 December 2014.</ref> Bui ke polante ya bobedi e kgolo e e tlhagisang motlakase wa metsi mo nageng morago ga Letamo la Akosombo. Letamo le ne la tlatsa bokana ka 20% ya Bui National Park mme la ama mafelo a bodulo a kubu e ntsho e e sa tlwaelegang mmogo le palo e kgolo ya mefuta ya diphologolo tsa naga. E ne ya tlhoka gore batho ba le sekete ,makgolo a mabedi le lesome le borataro ba fudusiwe, <ref>[http://www.buipowerauthority.com/resettle_bg.html "Background of the Bui Resettlement".] ''Bui Power Authority''. 7 May 2011. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2024.</ref>mme ya ama matshelo le matshelo a ba bangwe ba le bantsi. == Ditso == Letamo la motlakase wa metsi la Bui le ne le akanyeditswe la ntlha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le botlhano (1925) ke moithuta-lefatshe le moithuta-tlholego wa Borithane le Australia Albert Ernest Kitson fa a ne a etetse Bui Gorge. Letamo le ne le ntse le le mo botong ya go thala fa e sale ka dingwaga tsa bo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro (1960), fa letamo le legolo go gaisa la Ghana, Letamo la Akosombo, le ne le agiwa go ya kwa tlase mo Nokeng ya Volta. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le boferabobedi (1978) thulaganyo ya Letamo la Bui e ne ya tsweletswa pele ka tshegetso ya Australia le Banka ya Lefatshe. Le fa go ntse jalo, gontsha puso ga sesole makgetlo a le manè go ne ga emisa dithulaganyo tseno. Ka nako eo Ghana e ne ya simolola go tshwenngwa ke go kgaoganngwa ga maatla, mo go ntseng go tsweletse fa e sa le ka nako eo. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992), porojeke e ne ya tsosolosiwa mme thutopatlisiso ya ntlha ya go bona gore a e ka kgonega e ne ya dirwa ke feme ya Fora ya Coyne et Bellier.<ref>Oliver Hensengerth[https://web.archive.org/web/20111004215451/http://www.die-gdi.de/CMS-Homepage/openwebcms3_e.nsf/%28ynDK_contentByKey%29/ANES-8E5DH6?Open&nav=expand%3APublications%3Bactive%3APublications%5CANES-8E5DH6 :Interaction of Chinese Institutions with Host Governments in Dam Construction:The Bui dam in Ghana] Archived October 4, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, German Development Institute, Discussion Paper 3/2011, p. 9-13, retrieved on May 7, 2011 (full version not available on-line)</ref> == Metswedi == 8ijqqz1q8p3aahj6v1uambttpjvcb2h 0 13951 51498 51379 2026-06-25T07:05:01Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51498 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lefelo la Motlakase wa Metsi la Gouina'''(French: Centrale hydroélectrique de Gouina) ke lefelo la motlakase wa metsi a a tswang mo nokeng ya Gouina Falls go bapa le [[Noka ya Senegal]] kwa lefatsheng la Mali. E bokgakala jwa 18 km (11 mi) borwabotlhaba jwa Diamou mo Kgaolong ya Kayes. Ke porojeke ya bone ya S[[enegal River Basin Development Authority]] mme moletlo wa go e tlhoma ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le lesome le bosupa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro (2013) o ne wa tsenelwa ke ditlhogo tsa dinaga tsa maloko. Moporesitente wa Mauritania Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz o ne a baya letlapa la motheo. Kago ya ntlha e ne e emisitswe ka ntlha ya coup d'état ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi (2012) ya kwa Mali le kgotlhang ya kwa bokone jwa Mali.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150103214645/http://www.africanmanager.com/site_eng/detail_article.php?art_id=21170 "OMVS launches Gouina dam project in Kayes region"]. African Manager. 19 December 2013. Archived from the original on 3 January 2015. Retrieved 3 January 2015</ref> Polante e ne ya bulwa ke Tonakgolo ya kwa Mali Abdoulaye Maïga ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022).<ref>[https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20221203-mali-inauguration-du-barrage-de-gouina-sur-le-fleuve-s%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal "Mali: inauguration du barrage de Gouina, sur le fleuve Sénégal"]. ''RFI''. Retrieved 19 June 2023</ref>E ne ya ja diranta di le dimilione di le masome a mararo le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe mme dikilometara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a robabobedi tsa mela ya phasalatso di ne tsa ja diranta di le dimilione di le masome a marataro le botlhano .<ref>[http://www.ecowapp.org/?dl_id=451 "Update of the ECOWAS Revised Master Plan for the generation and transmission of electrical energy"] (PDF). West African Power Pool. October 2011. p. 6/17. Retrieved 3 January 2015.</ref> Porojeke e amogetse 85% ya madi a yona go tswa kwa Exim Bank of China mmogo le US$1 million go tswa kwa EU-Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund le US$1.4 million go tswa kwa International Development Association le European Investment Bank.<ref>Diarra, Soumaila (16 January 2014). [http://afkinsider.com/38241/west-african-countries-cope-electricity-challenges/ "West African Countries Cope as New Mali Power Plants Abridge Electricity Challenges"]. AFK Insider. Retrieved 3 January 2015.</ref> E na le maatla a a tsentsweng a di-megawatt di le 140 (190,000 hp) mme e tla dirisa metsi a a elelang go tswa kwa Letamong la Manantali go laola metsi a a elelang mo semeleng. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20251114011017/https://eu-africa-infrastructure-tf.net/activities/grants/gouina-hydropower.htm "Gouina".] EU-Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund. Retrieved 3 January 2015</ref>Letamo le le boleele jwa 1,230 m (4,040 ft) le le fa godimo ga phororo ya metsi le isa metsi kwa molelwaneng o o tla fepang ntlo ya motlakase e e fa tlase ga phororo ya metsi. Motlakase o na le dijenereitara tse tharo tsa 46.6 MW tsa Kaplan. Pharologano ya bogodimo jwa phororo ya metsi le letamo e dira gore go nne le tlhogo ya metsi e e ka nnang 22.5 m (74 ft).[ 6][7][8] == Metswedi == goyj3ykp48g55mfm3d4ayz8stn0szlm 0 13953 51500 51382 2026-06-25T07:19:23Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51500 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Al Wahda Dam (Morocco).jpg|thumb|Letamo la Al Wahda]] '''Letamo la Al Wahda,''' le pele le neng le itsege jaaka Letamo la M'Jaara, ke letamo le le mo nokeng ya Ouergha gaufi le M ́Jaara mo motsaneng wa Ouezzane, kwa lefatsheng la Morocco. E ne ya agiwa go laola merwalela, go nosetsa, go tlamela ka metsi le go tlhagisa motlakase ka metsi. Ke letamo la bobedi le legolo kwa bokone jwa Afrika le le legolo kwa lefatsheng la Morocco.<ref name=":0">[https://unepatlas.blogspot.com/2008/06/lake-al-wahda.html "Lake Al Wahda Morocco"]. Atlas of Our Changing Environment. 10 June 2008. Retrieved 17 October 2010.</ref>E ne ya tlhalosiwa ke Land Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) jaaka "sekgoreletsi sa bobedi se se botlhokwa thata mo Afrika morago ga High Aswan dam".<ref>R. Arthurton; M. Le Tissier; M. Snoussi; J. Kitheka; Y. Shaghude; A. Kane; G. Flöser; H. Kremer (2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110719115052/http://www.loicz.org/imperia/md/content/loicz/print/rsreports/loicz-r_s32-web.pdf "Global Change Assessment and Synthesis of River Catchment - Coastal Sea Interactions and Human Dimensions in Africa"] (PDF). LOICZ. p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 17 October 2010.</ref> == Se se Diragetseng == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi (1988), Lekgotla la Metsi le Maemo a Loapi le ne la sekaseka letamo mme kwa bofelong le ne la akantshiwa gore le ka tlhabololwa<ref name=":1">Boumehdi, Hadj Ahmed (December 9, 2007). [http://www.maghress.com/fr/lematin/76803%3Bjsessionid%3D6E6DE85172A483C0A2B7BE90D3F61070&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dbarrage%2Bwahda%26start%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1B3GGIC "The management plan's Water Ouergha had a decisive contribution to the region"] (in French). Maghress. Retrieved 17 October 2010</ref>. Go agiwa ga letamo leno go simolotse ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bongwe (1991), mme le ne la bulwa ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le masome a mabedi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa (1997), ke Kgosi Hassan II. <ref name=":2">Boumehdi, Ahmed (March 12, 2003). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200329045751/http://www.maghress.com/fr/lematin/35054%3Bjsessionid%3D6E6DE85172A483C0A2B7BE90D3F61070%26prev%3D/search%3Fq%3Dbarrage%2Bwahda%26start%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26rlz%3D1B3GGIC "Grands équipements : le barrage Al Wahda"]. Maghress. Archived from the original on 29 March 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2010.</ref>Go ne ga epololwa dimetara di le 14 000 000 tsa matlakala fa go ne go agiwa.<ref name=":3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20191208010003/https://structurae.net/en/structures/al-wahda-dam "Al Wahda M'Jaara Dam".] Structurae. Retrieved 17 October 2010.</ref> == Dintlha tse di rileng == Letamo ke mofuta wa letamo la mmu le le dirilweng ka 28,000,000 cubic metres (990,000,000 cubic ft) ya matheriale le 720,000 cubic metres (25,000,000 cubic ft) ya konkoreite. E boleele jwa dimetara di le masome a robabobedi le borobabobedi mo lefelong la yone le le kwa godimodimo mme karolo e kgolo ya letamo e boleele jwa dimetara di le sekete le makgolo a marataro . Ka tlhamalalo kwa bokone le go bapa le tsela e e tshologang metsi ke letamo la sedile le le boleele jwa dimetara di le sekete le bogodimo jwa dimetara di le masome a mararo. Mogogoro wa letamo, mo bogareng jwa lone o laolwa ke dikgoro tsa metsi di le thataro mme o na le bokgoni jwa go ntsha metsi a a fetang 13 000 m3 ka motsotswana.<ref name=":2" /> == Lefelo la go fetlha motlakase == Lefelo la motlakase, kwa ntlheng ya letamo le go bapa le tsela ya go tshologa metsi, se tlamelwa ka metsi ka metara wa 10,8 (35 ft) bophara le metara wa 247 (810 ft) phala e telele e e fetisetsang metsi mo diphaepeng tse tharo. Nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e boleele jwa dimetara di le 5,7 le bophara jwa dimetara di le masome a marataro. Sekema se se neelana ka 62 metres (203 ft) ya tlhogo ya hydraulic le go fitlha go 450 cubic metres ka motsotswana (16,000 cu ft/s) go diterekere tsa Francis.<ref name=":3" />Turbine e nngwe le e nngwe e matlafatsa jenereitara ya 80 megawatts (110,000 hp) bakeng sa bokgoni bo felletseng ba 240 megawatts (320,000 hp).<ref>[http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090718211450/http://www.industcards.com/hydro%2Dmorocco.htm "Hydroelectric Power Plants in Morocco".] IndustCards. Archived from the original on 18 July 2009. Retrieved 17 October 2010.</ref> == Ditlamorago == Letamo leno le nnile le matswela a a molemo kwa tlase ga noka ka go tlamela batho ka metsi a go nwa le a go nosetsa. Mo godimo ga moo, e thusitse go fokotsa merwalela kwa kgaolong ya Gharb e e gaufi le dinoka tsa Ouergha le Sebou ka 90%. E tlamela metsi a go nosetsa a a fetang diheketara di le 110,000.<ref name=":1" /> Motlakase o o tlhagisiwang ke seteišene sa maatla a metsi sa letamo le one o fokotsa go fisiwa ga ditone tsa metrikitone di le 140,000 tsa ditukisi tsa fosili ka ngwaga mmogo le go direla ditlhokego tse di kwa godimo tsa maatla. Le fa go ntse jalo, letamo la letamo leno le na le selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa go tshologa ga seretse mme go fopholediwa gore le latlhegelwa ke dimetara tsa dikhubiki di le dimilione di le 60 (2.1×109 cu ft) tsa metsi ngwaga le ngwaga. Seretse se se tshwerweng mo letamong la metsi le sone ga se fitlhe kwa lotshitshing lwa lewatle se se oketsang kgogolego go bapa le lotshitshi lwa lewatle.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == kye1gfe56b00i34zehjx5ud8iz5nct1 0 13956 51553 51395 2026-06-25T11:01:32Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51553 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ndemupelila Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah''' (o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Phalane e le masome a mabedi le boferabongwe ka ngwaga wa 1952), leina la gagwe la mareto ke '''NNN''', ke lepolotiki la kwa Namibia ebile e le [[tautona wa botlhano le wa ga jaana wa Namibia]] fa e sale ka Mopitlo wa 2025 a le malatsi a masome a mabedi le motso.<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 December 2024 |title=Namibia will have its first female leader after the VP wins presidential election for ruling party |url=https://www.ktalnews.com/news/u-s-world/ap-namibia-will-have-its-first-female-leader-after-the-vp-wins-presidential-election-for-ruling-party/ |access-date=3 December 2024 |website=KTALnews.com |language=en-US |archive-date=9 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241209082547/https://www.ktalnews.com/news/u-s-world/ap-namibia-will-have-its-first-female-leader-after-the-vp-wins-presidential-election-for-ruling-party/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ke tautona wa ntlha wa mosadi wa lefatshe leo.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Namene |first=John-Colin |date=4 December 2024 |title=Nandi-Ndaitwah elected as Namibia's first woman president |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/nandi-ndaitwah-elected-as-namibias-first-woman-president/ |access-date=4 December 2024 |website=The Namibian |language=en-GB}}</ref> Pele, o ne a dira jaaka mothusatsutona wa boraro ka fa tlase ga ga Tautona [[Nangolo Mbumba]] magareng ga 2024 le 2025. O ne a tshotse maemo a a farologaneng a a kwa godimo a sepolotiki le a botona mmogo le maikarabelo a a farologaneng mo teng ga lekoko la SWAPO le puso ya lone mo pakeng e e sa kgaotseng ya dingwaga di le masome a matlhano le bosupa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HOME - OP - Portal Ariel |url=https://op.gov.na/ |access-date=2025-08-12 |website=OP |language=en-US}}</ref> E nnile ntlhopheng wa ntlha wa mosadi wa boporesidente wa SWAPO ( Mokgatlho wa Batho wa Aforikaborwa Bophirima ) ka 2024 . Ka 2017, Nandi-Ndaitwah o ne a tlhophiwa go nna motlatsamopresidente wa SWAPO, mosadi wa ntlha go direla mo maemong ao. Pele ga a tsena mo maemong a a kwa godimo a boeteledipele, Nandi-Ndaitwah o ne a dira jaaka [[Mothusa tonakgolo wa Namibia|motlatsatonakgolo wa Namibia]] go tloga ka 2015 go ya go 2024, tona ya Dikamano le Tirisanommogo ya Boditšhabatšhaba go tloga ka Sedimonthole 2012 go ya go 2015, le jaaka tona ya Tikologo le Bojanala go tloga ka Mopitlwe 2010 go ya go Sedimonthole 2012. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Netumbo Nandi o tshotswe ka Phalane a le masome a mabedi le boferabongwe ka ngwaga wa 1952 a tsholelwa Justina Nekoto Shaduka-Nandi le Petrus Nandi kwa Onamutai kwa [[Borwabophirima jwa Aforika]], gompieno gaufi le molelwane wa [[Kgaolo ya Ohangwena]] le [[Kgaolo ya Oshana]], kwa Namibia.<ref>{{Cite news|date=14 April 2022|title=Nandi-Ndaitwah's moment of truth|url=https://www.namibian.com.na/nandi-ndaitwahs-moment-of-truth/|access-date=30 November 2024|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Rraagwe e ne e le moruti wa Anglican. Ke ngwana wa borobabongwe mo baneng ba le lesome le boraro.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mongudhi |first=Tileni |date=21 April 2023 |title=Nandi-Ndaitwah's moment of truth |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/nandi-ndaitwahs-moment-of-truth-3/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241007092516/https://www.namibian.com.na/nandi-ndaitwahs-moment-of-truth-3/ |archive-date=7 October 2024 |access-date=25 November 2024 |website=The Namibian |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ndaitwah o tsene sekolo kwa Sekolong sa Borongwa sa St. Mary kwa [[Odibo]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dierks |first=Klaus |author-link=Klaus Dierks |title=Biographies of Namibian Personalities, N |url=http://www.klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_N.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230920220033/https://www.klausdierks.com/Biographies/Biographies_N.htm |archive-date=20 September 2023 |access-date=11 June 2022 |website=klausdierks.com}}</ref> Nandi-Ndaitwah o ne a nna matlhagatlhaga mo dipolotiking fa a ne a le mo dingwageng tsa bonana, a tsena mo setlhopheng sa SWAPO a le dingwaga di le lesome le bone. Go ise go ye kae o ne a nna moeteledipele wa Mokgatlho wa Basha wa SWAPO, a lwantsha go fedisa go gapiwa ga Aforika Borwa. Go ise go ye kae Nandi-Ndaitwah o ne a nna setlhogo sa kganetso, mme seno sa mo pateletsa go iphitlha.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chibelushi |first=Wedaeli |last2=Frauke Jensen |date=4 December 2024 |title=Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah: From freedom fighter to Namibia's first female president |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cjr23pp3nv9o |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Nandi-Ndaitwah o ne a ya lejwa ka 1973 mme a ikopanya le maloko a SWAPO kwa [[Zambia]] . O ne a bereka kwa ntlokgolong ya [[SWAPO]] kwa [[Lusaka]] go tloga ka 1973 go ya go 1975 mme a tsenelela dithuto kwa Sekolong se se Kwa Godimo sa [[Lenin]] kwa [[Soviet Union]] go tloga ka 1975 go ya go 1976. O ne a aloga ka diploma ya tiro le go dira ga mokgatlho wa basha wa bokomonisi. Ka 1987, o ne a bona diploma ya morago ga kalogo ya tsamaiso ya setšhaba le botsamaisi kwa [[Kholetšheng ya Thekenoloji ya Glasgow]], kwa United Kingdom, mme ka 1988, o ne a bona diploma e nngwe ya morago ga kalogo ya dikamano tsa boditšhabatšhaba kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Keele]], e le yone e leng kwa UK. Ka 1989, Nandi-Ndaitwah o ne a bona digerata ya masters mo dithutong tsa botsalano ja ditshaba, le yone e le kwa Yunibesithing ya Keele.<ref name="NID">{{Cite web |last=Hopwood |first=Graham |title=Who's Who, entry for Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah |url=http://www.nid.org.na/view_book_entry.php?book_id=128 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611174934/http://www.nid.org.na/view_book_entry.php?book_id=128 |archive-date=11 June 2011 |access-date=8 January 2014 |publisher=Namibia Institute for Democracy}}</ref> Morago ga ditlhopho tsa Ngwanatsele tsa 2024, o ne a newa Digerata ya Bongaka ya tlotlo ya botsalano jwa ditshaba le tiro ya setšhaba ke [[Yunibesithi ya Dar es Salaam]] . == Tiro ya sepolotiki == [[Setshwantsho:Netumbo_Nandi-Ndaitwah(cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah ka 2015]] Nandi-Ndaitwah o ne a nna mothusamoemedi wa SWAPO kwa [[Zambia]] go tloga ka 1976 go fitlha ka 1978 le moemedi yo mogolo kwa Zambia go tloga ka 1978 go fitlha ka 1980. Go tloga ka 1980 go fitlha ka 1986, e ne e le moemedi yo mogolo wa SWAPO kwa Aforika Botlhaba, yo o neng a le kwa [[Dar es Salaam]]. O ne a le leloko la komiti kgolo ya SWAPO go tloga ka 1976 go ya go 1986 le tautona wa Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Basadi wa Namibia (NANAWO ) go tloga ka 1991 go ya go 1994.<ref name="NID"/> O ne e le leloko la [[Kokoano Bosetšhaba ya Namibia]] fa e sale ka 1990. E ne e le [[Mothusatsatona wa Dikamano le Tirisanommogo ya Boditšhabatšhaba]] go tloga ka 1990 go fitlha ka 1996 mme a bona maemo a botona la ntlha ka 1996 jaaka mokaedikakaretso wa Merero ya Basadi mo Kantorong ya ga Tautona, kwa a neng a direla teng la ntlha ka fa tlase ga ga, [[Sam Nujoma]]. Mo tirong eno, Nandi-Ndaitwah o ne a dira mo lephateng go gokaganya magareng ga puso, makala a a ikemetseng, le a setšhaba mo go tsweletseng pele mananeo a puso a go ema basadi le bana nokeng.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, Minister of Women Affairs and Child Welfare, on gender equality in Namibia |url=https://ippr.org.na/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Int6.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250525224128/https://ippr.org.na/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Int6.pdf |archive-date=2025-05-25}}</ref> Ka nako e, go ne ga tsenngwa mo tirisong Molawana wa Bosetšhaba wa Bong wa Namibia (1997).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement by honourable Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah minister of women affairs and child welfare of the Republic of Namibia |url=https://www.un.org/webcast/csw2005/statements/050302namibia-e.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050307051724/http://www.un.org/webcast/csw2005/statements/050302namibia-e.pdf |archive-date=2005-03-07}}</ref> Melao e mengwe e e tsibogelang bong jaaka Molao wa Tekatekano ya Batho ba ba Nyalaneng (1996)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Married Persons Equality Act {{!}} Gender Justice {{!}} US Law {{!}} LII / Legal Information Institute |url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/gender-justice/resource/married_persons_equality_act |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=www.law.cornell.edu}}</ref> le Molao wa go Lwantsha Petelelo (2000), <ref>{{Cite web |title=NATLEX - Namibia - Combating of Rape Act, 2000 (No. 8 of 2000). |url=https://natlex.ilo.org/dyn/natlex2/r/natlex/fe/details?p3_isn=82559 |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=natlex.ilo.org}}</ref> e e lemogang [[petelelo ya lenyalo]], e ne ya tsenngwa mo tirisong go tokafatsa tekatekano ya bong le go fokotsa kgokgontsho ya bong. Ka ngwaga wa 2000, o ne a tlhatlhosiwa go nna Tona mme a newa lenaane la [[Merero ya Basadi le Boitekanelo jwa Bana]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nandi-Ndaitwah Netumbo |url=https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/nandi-ndaitwah-netumbo-2/ |access-date=11 June 2022 |publisher=[[Parliament of Namibia]]}}</ref> Ka 2003, Molao wa Kgokgontsho ya mo Gae (2003) <ref>{{Cite web |title=PolicyVault.Africa {{!}} Combating of Domestic Violence Act, 2003 |url=https://www.policyvault.africa/policy/combating-of-domestic-violence-act-2003/ |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=www.policyvault.africa}}</ref> o ne wa fetisiwa ka tshegetso ya gagwe go sireletsa bana le balekane mo tirisodikgokeng e e diragalang mo legaeng. Ka 2022, go ne ga gatisiwa paakanyo ya go atolosa ditshireletso go bana ba ba mo legaeng go feta letsatsi la bone la matsalo la bolesome le boferabobedi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Combating of domestic violence amendment bill |url=http://www.lac.org.na/projects/grap/Pdf/Combating_of_Domestic_Violence_Amendment_BILL_1-2022.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225053918/http://www.lac.org.na/projects/grap/Pdf/Combating_of_Domestic_Violence_Amendment_BILL_1-2022.pdf |archive-date=2022-02-25}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2005 go ya go 2010, e ne e le [[Tona ya Tshedimosetso le Kgaso]] mo [[kabineteng ya Namibia]]. Morago ga moo o ne a dira jaaka [[tona ya tikologo le bojanala]] go fitlha ka phetogo e kgolo ya kabinete ka Sedimonthole 2012, e mo go yone a neng a tlhomiwa go nna [[tona ya merero ya mafatshe a sele]],<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Shipanga|first1=Selma|last2=Immanuel|first2=Shinovene|date=5 December 2012|title=Transition team picked|url=http://www.namibian.com.na/indexx.php?archive_id=103168&page_type=archive_story_detail&page=525|access-date=27 December 2013|work=[[The Namibian]]}}</ref> lenaane le le ileng la fetolwa go nna Dikamano le Tirisanommogo ya Boditšhabatšhaba. Ka fa tlase ga Tautona [[Hage Geingob]], Nandi-Ndaitwah o ne a tlhomiwa go nna [[Mothusa tonakgolo wa Namibia|mothusatona-kgolo]] ka Mopitlo 2015, fa a ntse a dira jaaka tona ya dikamano tsa boditšhabatšhaba le tirisanommogo.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Geingob announces Cabinet|url=https://www.namibian.com.na/index.php?id=134889&page=archive-read}}</ref> Nandi-Ndaitwah o nna mo komitingkgolo ya SWAPO le mo [[Politburo]] . Gape ke mokwaledi wa lekoko wa tshedimosetso le go kokoanya batho mme, ka jalo, ke mongwe wa babueledi ba bagolo ba SWAPO.<ref name="NID"/> <ref name="Namibian Parliament">{{Cite web |title=Nandi-Ndaitwah Netumbo |url=https://www.parliament.na/dt_team/nandi-ndaitwah-netumbo-2/ |access-date=13 February 2023 |website=Namibian Parliament |language=en-US}}</ref> === Botautona === Ka Mopitlo 2023, Tautona Geingob o ne a bitsa Nandi-Ndaitwah jaaka ntlhopheng wa botautona wa SWAPO mo [[ditlhophokakaretso tsa 2024 tsa Namibia]].<ref>{{Cite news|date=13 March 2023|title=Namibia: President Geingob Names Nandi-Ndaitwah Woman Successor|url=https://www.theheritagetimes.com/namibia-president-geingob-names-nandi-ndaitwah-woman-successor/|first=John|last=Ikani|work=The Heritage Times}}</ref> Morago ga loso lwa ga Geingob ka Tlhakole 2024, Nandi-Ndaitwah o ne a tlhomiwa go nna mothusatautona, a tlhatlhama [[Nangolo Mbumba]], yo o neng a nna tautona. Ke mosadi wa ntlha go direla mo tirong eo.<ref>{{Cite news|date=5 February 2024|title=Nangolo Mbumba Sworn In as Namibia's Interim President|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/nangolao-mbumba-is-namibia-s-interim-president/7471038.html|work=[[Voice of America]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Nangolo Mbumba sworn in as Namibia's fourth President|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2024-02-04-nangolo-mbumba-sworn-in-as-namibias-fourth-president/|date=4 February 2024|work=The Star Kenya}}</ref> Ka Sedimonthole a tlhola malatsi a le mararo ka ngwaga wa 2024, o ne a itsisiwe semmuso jaaka tautona yo o tlhophilweng wa [[Namibia|Rephaboliki ya Namibia]], mme seno sa dira gore e nne mosadi wa ntlha go nna mo maemong ao.<ref>{{Cite web |date=4 December 2024 |title=Namibia will have its first female leader after VP wins presidential election for the ruling party |url=https://apnews.com/article/namibia-election-female-leader-president-8ea8783e1aa56ea20d65970e87adc313 |website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> Nandi-Ndaitwah o amogetse ditalama di le dikete tse makgolo a marataro masome a ferabobedi le boraro, makgolo a matlhano le masome a marataro, kgotsa 58.7%, a fenya [[Panduleni Itula]] le [[McHenry Venaani]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=2024 Presidential elections|url=https://elections.my.na/|access-date=2026-06-23|archivedate=2025-04-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250413110932/https://elections.my.na/}}</ref> O ne a tlhongwa ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo a le masome a mabedi le motso ka ngwaga wa 2025.<ref name="inaugural">{{Cite web |date=21 March 2025 |title=Namibia inaugurates its first woman president |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250321-namibia-inaugurates-its-first-woman-president |access-date=21 March 2025 |website=France 24 |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250321-namibia-inaugurates-its-first-woman-president "Namibia inaugurates its first woman president"]. ''France 24''. 21 March 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Ka nako ya puo ya gagwe ya go tlhongwa ka 2025, o ne a ikana go tlhoma mogopolo mo go tlhameng ditiro, a lebile ka tlhamalalo "ditiro tse disha di le dikete tse makgolo a matlhano" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Historic Moment: Namibia Swears in Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah as First Woman President |url=https://diplomaticwatch.com/historic-moment-namibia-swears-in-netumbo-nandi-ndaitwah-as-first-woman-president/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250321173430/https://diplomaticwatch.com/historic-moment-namibia-swears-in-netumbo-nandi-ndaitwah-as-first-woman-president/ |archive-date=2025-03-21 |access-date=2025-08-01}}</ref> jaaka konokono ya pholisi, ka tsepamo e kgolo mo madirelong a temothuo, go tshwara ditlhapi, boitlhamedi, le metshameko. Ka Moranang 2025, Nandi-Ndaitwah o ne a itsise gore puso e tla tlamela ka thuto ya mahala ya thuto e kgolwane mo dikolong tsa puso go simolola ka 2026.<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2025 |title=Namibia’s new president announces free university education starting in 2026 |url=https://apnews.com/article/namibia-president-education-free-netumbo-nandindaitwah-e2ba928f6deb9f69553a82d6a9150a96 |access-date=24 April 2025 |website=AP News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le masome a mabedi le bosupa, o ne a leleka [[Mac-Albert Hengari]] mo tirong ya gagwe jaaka Tona ya Temothuo, Botshwaraditlhapi, Metsi le Phetolo ya Naga morago ga go tshwarwa ga gagwe ka ditatofatso tsa pipamolomo, morago ga go re a leke go didimatsa motswasetlhabelo wa petelelo. == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah o nyetse Lieutenant General ( yo o rotseng tiro ) [[Epaphras Denga Ndaitwah]], yo e kileng ya bo e le Moeteledipele wa [[Sesole sa Tshireletso sa Namibia]].<ref name="NID"/> O kgatlhegela tiro ya bana ya setšhaba le go bala.<ref name="Namibian Parliament"/> O bidiwa thata ka NNN, e leng leina la theto le le dirisiwang thata ke batho ba a dirisanang le bone mo dipolotiking.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NNN to launch Trust – New Era |url=https://neweralive.na/nnn-to-launch-trust-2/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250218212542/https://neweralive.na/nnn-to-launch-trust-2/ |archive-date=2025-02-18 |access-date=2025-08-01}}</ref> Ke mmueledi wa basadi le tekatekano ya bong kwa [[Namibia]] . Le fa go dirilwe tiro ya tekatekano ya bong kwa Namibia, bontsi jwa batshwayadiphoso ba gagwe ba tsaya ditumelo tsa gagwe di le kgatlhanong le bomme, ka a na le pono e e tlwaelesegileng thata, e e sa fetogeng. Mo potsolotsong ya 2022 fa gare ga EagleFM le mosekaseki wa dipolotiki [[Henning Melber]], Melber o boletse gore ga a ise a ke a tshegetse [[ditshwanelo tsa tsalo]] kgotsa ditshireletso tsa batho ba LGBTQIA+ mo ditsong.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nandi-Ndaitwah Likely To Disappoint Feminists: Analyst – Eagle FM |url=https://www.eaglefm.com.na/news/nandi-ndaitwah-likely-to-disappoint-feminists-analyst/ |access-date=2025-08-01 |website=www.eaglefm.com.na}}</ref> Gape ke moganetsi wa go senya mpa.<ref name="inaugural"/> [[Setshwantsho:Namibia's_Deputy_Prime_Minister_Speaks_to_VOA.webm|thumb| Nandi-Ndaitwah o bua le [[Voice of America]] go rotloetsa bagwebi ba Amerika go tlhabolola ditiro tsa kgwebo le ditlhagiswa kwa Namibia.]] == Dietsele == Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah ke moamogedi wa Lokwalo lwa Boeteledipele jwa Aforika (ALM) Moeteledipele wa Sepolotiki wa Aforika wa Ngwaga le Sekgele sa Moeteledipele wa Mosadi wa Aforika wa Ngwaga<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-12-02 |title=BREAKING: NETUMBO NANDI-NDAITWAH, MANDISA MAYA, OTHER LEADERS NAMED AFRICAN LEADERSHIP MAGAZINE PERSONS OF THE YEAR 2025 - African Leadership Magazine |url=https://www.africanleadershipmagazine.co.uk/breaking-netumbo-nandi-ndaitwah-mandisa-maya-other-leaders-named-african-leadership-magazine-persons-of-the-year-2025/ |access-date=2025-12-03 |language=en}}</ref> o ne a abelwa ‘boeteledipele jwa mogopolo’ kwa Dikabong tsa Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang tsa Namibia.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Mukokobi|first=Pricilla|date=21 June 2024|title=Namibia: VP Recognised for Environmental Contribution|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202406210399.html|access-date=3 September 2024|language=en}}</ref> Nandi-Ndaitwah o ne a akgolwa ka Kabo ya Boeteledipele jwa Dikokomana tse di Farologaneng kwa Bokopanong jwa Basadi jwa Nala (Nalafem) jwa 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=VP Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah receives inter-generational leadership award |url=https://nbcnews.na/index.php/node/106178 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240702192345/https://www.nbcnews.na/index.php/node/106178 |archive-date=2 July 2024 |access-date=23 November 2024 |website=nbcnews.na}}</ref> Gape o na le Digerata ya Bongaka jwa Tlotlo go tswa kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Dar es Salaam]], [[Tanzania|kwa Tanzania]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nandi-Ndaitwah awarded honorary doctorate by University of Dar es Salaam |url=https://nbcnews.na/news/nandi-ndaitwah-awarded-honorary-doctorate-university-dar-es-salaam.38635 |access-date=23 November 2024 |website=nbcnews.na}}</ref> Gape o tlotlilwe ke Tautona wa Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Basadi wa Namibia (NANAWO) ka ntlha ya tiro ya gagwe ya go tokafatsa seabe sa basadi mo dipolotiking.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah, Minister of Women Affairs and Child Welfare, on gender equality in Namibia |url=https://ippr.org.na/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Int6.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250525224128/https://ippr.org.na/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Int6.pdf |archive-date=2025-05-25}}</ref> == Ditshwantsho == <gallery> Setshwantsho:WIPO_Director_General_Meets_Netumbo_Nandi-Ndaitwah_Namibia's_Deputy_Prime_Minister_-_52112407643.jpg|alt=Nandi-Ndaitwah meeting with WIPO Director General Daren Tang in 2022. The two discussed IP's role in helping drive economic, youth music industry, women innovators, and social development under the "Namibia Vision 2030" plan.| Kopano ya Nandi-Ndaitwah le Mokaedikakaretso wa [[WIPO]] [[Daren Tang]] ka 2022. Bobedi jo bo buisane ka seabe sa IP mo go thuseng go kgweetsa itsholelo, lekalana la mmino wa basha, basadi ba ba tlhamang dilo, le tlhabololo ya loago ka fa tlase ga leano la "Ponelopele ya Namibia 2030". Setshwantsho:Kohtumine_Namiibia_välisministriga_(32963876308).jpg|alt=Meeting with the Estonian foreign ministry, 2019.| Kopano le lephata la mafatshe a sele la Estonia, 2019. Setshwantsho:F20230222ES-0628_(52829875141).jpg|alt=Nandi-Ndaitwah meets with First Lady Jill Biden in 2023, at the State House in Windhoek, Namibia.| Nandi-Ndaitwah o kopana le Mosadi wa ga tautona e bong [[Jill Biden]] ka 2023, kwa Ntlong ya Puso kwa [[Windhoek, Namibia]] . </gallery> [[Setshwantsho:Ambassador_Dr._John_Nkengasong_with_Namibian_cabinet_delegation.jpg|center|thumb|737x737px|Nandi-Ndaitwah (fa gare ka fa mojeng) gareng ga kopano ya matona ya Namibia le baemedi go tswa kwa [[USAID]] (go akaretsa le [[Iipumbu Shiimi]] ), le baemedi ba [[PEPFAR]] . Ditokololo tse dingwe tsa matona a Namibia tse di mo setshwantshong di akaretsa [[Kalumbi Shangula]], [[Anna Nghipondoka]], [[Doreen Sioka]], le [[Agnes Tjongarero]] .]] == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] smgalez2ytw17tgksgdl8vxf9gfxpnm 0 13975 51507 51411 2026-06-25T07:44:59Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51507 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Maguga''' ke letamo le le mo nokeng ya Komati kwa lefatshe la [[Eswatini]].<ref name=":0">[http://www.unep.org/dams/documents/ell.asp?story_id=121 "Details of submission: Independent Monitoring of Maguga Dam Resettlement". United Nations Environment Programme.]</ref> E bogodimo jwa 115 metres (377 ft) mme e dikilometara di le 12 (7.5 mi) kwa borwa jwa Piggs Peak<ref>[http://www.ewisa.co.za/misc/DamMPU_Swaziland_Maguga/MagugaDam.htm "Maguga Dam: Mpumalanga_Swaziland ''(sic)''".] eWISA, an arm of the Water Institute of Southern Africa</ref>. E agilwe jaaka porojeke ya mmuso wa Aforika Borwa le Eswatini. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">[http://www.kobwa.co.za/index.php/about-us/profile "Profile: The Komati Basin Water Authority (KOBWA)"]. Komati Basin Water Authority</ref>Go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2005), e ne e le porojeke e kgolo go gaisa ya ditiro tsa setšhaba e e kileng ya dirwa ke Eswatini.<ref>[http://reliefweb.int/report/swaziland/swaziland-new-dams-be-built-boost-irrigation "Swaziland: New dams to be built to boost irrigation"]. ReliefWeb. 30 November 2005.</ref>Letamo leno le ne la wediwa mo bogareng jwa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le motso (2001).<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210118063457/http://www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/countries_regions/SWZ/index.stm "Swaziland: Water Report 29: 2005"]. Food and Agriculture Organization. 2005.</ref> == Go rulaganyetsa le boikaelelo == Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi (1992), dipuso tsa eSwatini le Afrika Borwa di ne tsa saena tumelano e e akaretsang "tlhamo, kago, tiragatso le tlhokomelo" ya Matamo a Driekoppies le Maguga.<ref name=":1" /> Ka ntlha ya gore letamo la ntlha le ne le solegela [[Aforika Borwa]] molemo fela (le fa letamo le le neng la dirwa le ne le le kwa Eswatini), Aforika Borwa e ne ya rwala ditshenyegelo tsotlhe tsa letamo leo. Fa e le ka tsa bofelo, Eswatini e ne e rwele maikarabelo a bokana ka 40% ya ditshenyegelo.<ref name=":1" />Maikemisetso magolo a letamo ke go nosetsa (go nosetsa mmidi wa sukiri, dikgwa le "balemirui ba bannye ba ka nna sekete ba Eswatini"<ref name=":3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200604175854/http://bankwatch.org/documents/raising_the_bar.pdf "Raising the Bar on Big Dams"] (PDF). CEE Bankwatch. November 2007</ref> ) mme seteišene sa motlakase sa motlakase wa metsi se se nang le bokgoni jwa 20 MW (se se dirilweng go tswa mo diyuniting tse pedi, nngwe le nngwe e na le bokgoni jwa 9.9 MW <ref>[http://www.eec.co.sz/electricity/ "How We Generate Electricity".] Eswatini Electricity Company.</ref>) se ne se tshwanetse go wediwa ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro (2006). <ref name=":0" /> == Tlhaloso == Maguga ke "motshe wa letsopa o o tletseng ka matlapa a a tletseng ka matlapa". <ref name=":4">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170731181604/http://www.aurecongroup.com/en/projects/water/maguga-dam-on-the-komati-river.aspx "Maguga Dam on the Komati River, Swaziland"]. Aurecon</ref>Letamo le na le dikhubiki metara tse di ka nnang 800,000 (28,000,000 cu ft) tsa letsopa, dikhubiki metara tse 2,800,000 (99,000,000 cu ft) tsa matlapa a granite le dikhubiki metara tse 43,000 (1,500,000 cu ft) tsa matheriale wa go sefa. <ref name=":5">Bodwa Mbingo. [http://www.pressreader.com/swaziland/observer-on-saturday/20151107/281702613595032 "Drying Up Maguga Dam a Nightmare to Residents"] – via PressReader.</ref>E na le bogodimo jwa 115 metres (377 ft), boleele jwa 870 metres (2,850 ft) le bophara jwa 400 metres (1,300 ft).<ref name=":5" />E na le bokgoni jwa 332,000,000 cubic metres (1.17×1010 cubic ft) le boalo jwa 10,420,000 cubic metres (368,000,000 cubic ft).<ref name=":2" />E diretswe go emelana le morwalela o mogolo wa 15,000 cubic metres ka motsotswana (530,000 cu ft/s).<ref name=":4" />Go na le lekgwamolelo le le boleele jwa dimetara di le 181 (594 ft).<ref name=":4" /> == Selekanyo sa metsi le go sutisiwa ga one == Dikomelelo di bakile mathata a magolo. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007), maatla a kgaso a ne a fokotsegile go nna 37%.<ref>[http://mg.co.za/article/2007-09-17-severe-drought-looms-in-swaziland "Severe drought looms in Swaziland"]. ''Mail & Guardian''. IRIN. 17 September 2007</ref>Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), metsi a a neng a le mo lekadibeng a ne a le kwa tlase thata,<ref name=":5" />mme ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le masome a mabedi ka ngwaga wa dikete le lesome le borataro (2016), metsi a a neng a le mo lekadibeng a ne a le 31%.<ref>[https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/system/files/documents/files/swaziland_rapid_assessment_summary_report_2016.pdf "Swaziland Drought Assessment Report: Rapid Assessment 2015/15 Season"] (PDF). Deputy Prime Minister's Office. March 2016</ref> Porojeke e ne ya fudusa batho ba ka nna sekete.<ref name=":3" /> == Dimpho == Kgwebo e e Kopanetsweng ya Letamo la Maguga e amogetse tlotlo go tswa go Mokgatlho wa Aforika Borwa wa Baenjenere ba Therisano mo setlhopheng sa Boenjenere jo bo Tlhomologileng ka boleng jo bo fetang R5 million ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi (2002).<ref>[http://www.cesa.co.za/insidetrack/october2007/default.htm "Consulting Engineers - We Shape Your World".] South African Association of Consulting Engineers. October 2007.</ref>Letamo le lona le ne la gapa Fulton Award ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003) ya Concrete Society of Southern Africa ya Civil Engineering Structures.<ref>[http://www.concretesociety.co.za/record-of-the-fulton-award-winners "Record of the Fulton Award Winners"]. Concrete Society of Southern Africa.</ref> == Metswedi == o4elbnus19qa2rgnul41e58i0sr56a1 0 13979 51568 51415 2026-06-25T11:35:22Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51568 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Khan|image_name=Khan Rivier 29.01.2009.jpg|origin=[[Okahanja]]|location=Kgaolo ya Otjozondjupa|mouth=Swakopmund|right_tribs=Noka ya Slang, Noka ya Etiro}} '''Noka ya Khan''' ke noka e e nnang teng ka dipaka dingwe e e kgabaganyang kgaolo ya Erongo kwa lefgareng la [[Namibia]], Ke motswedi mogolo wa [[noka ya Swakop]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120316095900/http://www.newera.com.na/article.php?articleid=14109 "ELECTIONS 2010: Erongo regional profile".] [[:en:New_Era_(Namibia)|New Era.]] 16 November 2010.</ref> e nna le metsi fela ka paka ya pula go tswa ka Ngwanatsele go tsena Tlhakole kgotsa Mopitlo. Lefelo le noka e leng mo go lone le akaretsa metswedi ya yone ya Slang le Etiro le dikhilomithara di le dikete di robabobedi le makgolo a mane.<ref>Strohbach, B.J. (2008). [http://www.nbri.org.na/sites/default/files/Mapping%20the%20Major%20Catchments%20of%20Namibia_draft.pdf "Mapping the Major Catchments of Namibia"] (PDF 1.0MB). ''Agricola''. '''2008''': 63–73. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1015-2334 1015-2334]. OCLC [https://search.worldcat.org/title/940637734 940637734.]</ref> Noka ya Khane simologa kwa Otjisemba, kwa bokone-bophirima jwa Okahanda. Go tswa koo noka e fetela kwa bophirima jwa toropo ya Usakos, le kwa borwa-bophirima go kgabaganya [[sekaka sa Namib]]. E kopana le noka ya Swakop dikhilomithara di le masome a mane kwa botlhaba jwa [[Swakopmund]].<ref>Jacobson, Peter J.; Jacobson, Kathryn M.; Seely, Mary K. (1995). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20231023085429/http://the-eis.com/elibrary/search-results?l=Ephemeral%20rivers%20and%20their%20catchments_1995.pdf Ephemeral rivers and their catchments: Sustaining people and development in western Namibia]'' (PDF 8.7MB). [[:en:Windhoek|Windhoek]]: Desert Research Foundation of Namibia. pp. 138–139. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9991670947|<bdi>9991670947</bdi>.]]</ref> Ke lefelo le le tumileng ka bojanala ka ntlha ya go nna teng ga diphologolo di tshwana le diphala,<ref>Stuart, C.T. (October 2019). "Preliminary notes on the mammals of the Namib Desert". ''Madoqua''. '''1975''' (Series 2 Issue 4): 5–36. hdl:[https://www.journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/AJA10115498_55 10520/AJA10115498_55.]</ref> mmantshwe le bo phokoje. == Metswedi == j6hlizd76skzumi0p12kmoiba45jcta 0 13982 51567 51418 2026-06-25T11:34:48Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51567 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Huab|image_name=Desert elephants in the Huab River.jpg|origin=Borwa-botlhaba jwa Kamanjab|location=Kgaolo ya Kunene|mouth=Lewatle la Atlantic|elevation_m=0|left_tribs=Noka ya Klein omaruru, Noka ya Sout, Noka ya Aba Huab|right_tribs=Noka ya Ongwati, Noka ya Klip}} '''Noka ya Huab''' ke noka e e kgalang kwa kgaolong ya Kunene kwa bokone-bophirima jwa [[Namibia]]. Motswedi wa yone o kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa [[Kamanjab]], kwa e elelang go ya bophirima go kgabagannya Mophane savanna go fitlhelela e goroga kwa lotshitshing lwa Skeleton le [[lewatle la Atlantic]]. Metswedi ya Huab ke Klein-Omaruru, Sout, Aba-Huab, ongwati le Klip. Lefelo le noka ya Huab e leng mo go lone le akanyediwa le ka nna dikhilomithara tse di fa gare ga dikete di le lesome le bone<ref name=":0">Jacobson, Peter J.; Jacobson, Kathryn M.; Seely, Mary K. (1995). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20231023085429/http://the-eis.com/elibrary/search-results?l=Ephemeral%20rivers%20and%20their%20catchments_1995.pdf Ephemeral rivers and their catchments: Sustaining people and development in western Namibia]'' (PDF 8.7MB). Windhoek: Desert Research Foundation of Namibia. pp. 132–133. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9991670947|<bdi>9991670947</bdi>.]]</ref>, makgolo a robabobedi le dikete di le lesome leborataro, makgolo a mane, masome a maratro le botlhano,<ref>Strohbach, B.J. (2008). [http://www.nbri.org.na/sites/default/files/Mapping%20the%20Major%20Catchments%20of%20Namibia_draft.pdf "Mapping the Major Catchments of Namibia"] (PDF 1.0MB). ''Agricola''. '''2008''': 63–73. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1015-2334 1015-2334.] OCLC [https://search.worldcat.org/title/940637734 940637734.]</ref> le akaretsa toropo ya Khorixas le magae a Kamanjab, Fransfontein le Anker. Lefelo la ditso la Twyfelfontein le kwa lotshitshing lwa Aba Huab.<ref name=":0" /> Noka ya Huab e itsege ka ditlou tse dintsi tse di leng borai mo ditirelong tsa temothuo mme gape di kgatlha bajanala.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == msnaak2kng2dvvpgwx9hzu0kmuagy8c 0 13983 51570 51419 2026-06-25T11:38:51Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51570 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Koigab|image_name=Koigab Riverbed.jpg|origin=Dithaba tsa Grootberg gaufi le Bergsig|location=Kgaolo ya Kunene|mouth=Lewatle la Atlantic|elevation=0|left_tribs=Noka ya Springbok|right_tribs=Noka ya Gui-Tsawisib}} '''Noka ya Koigab''' ke noka e e seng ya sennela ruri kwa lotshitshing lwa Skeleton kwa [[Namibia]]. Motswedi wa yone ke dithaba tsa Grootberg gaufi le Bergsig kwa metswedi ya yone e medi Gui-Tsawisib le Springbok di le teng. Lefelo le noka ya Koigab e leng mo go lone le akanyediwa le ka nna dikhilomithara di le dikete pedi, makgolo a mararo, le masome a mabedi<ref>Strohbach, B.J. (2008). [http://www.nbri.org.na/sites/default/files/Mapping%20the%20Major%20Catchments%20of%20Namibia_draft.pdf "Mapping the Major Catchments of Namibia"] (PDF 1.0MB). ''Agricola''. '''2008''': 63–73. [[:en:ISSN|ISSN]] [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1015-2334 1015-2334]. [[:en:OCLC#OCLC|OCLC]] [https://search.worldcat.org/title/940637734 940637734.]</ref> le dikete pedi, makgolo a mane.<ref>Jacobson, Peter J.; Jacobson, Kathryn M.; Seely, Mary K. (1995). ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20231023085429/http://the-eis.com/elibrary/search-results?l=Ephemeral%20rivers%20and%20their%20catchments_1995.pdf Ephemeral rivers and their catchments: Sustaining people and development in western Namibia]'' (PDF 8.7MB). Windhoek: Desert Research Foundation of Namibia. pp. 130–131. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9991670947|<bdi>9991670947</bdi>.]]</ref> == Metswedi == t37unen48nhokvfmxppwx99sgddry0q 0 13997 51523 51436 2026-06-25T08:12:44Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51523 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Still on track.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Mulehe]] '''Letsha la Mulehe''' ke letsha le le mo kgaolong ya Kisoro kwa borwabophirima jwa [[Uganda]], gaufi le molelwane wa Rwanda. Letsha leno ke karolo ya Albertine Rift, e e itsegeng thata ka go farologana ga mefuta ya ditshedi le mafelo a yone a a kgatlhang. == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == Letsha la Mulehe le mo e ka nnang 1°13'05.0"S 29°43'21.9"E le bogodimo jwa dimetara tse di ka nnang sekete le makgolo a robabobedi godimo ga lewatle. E dikologilwe ke dimela tse ditala le dithaba tse di nang le dithala tse di tlhomologileng tsa lefelo la lekgwamolelo la lefelo leno, mme e nnye thata, e ka nna dikilometara di le 4.11 tsa sekwere. <ref name=":0">Tours, Dolphin (2022-06-17). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240619174029/https://www.ugandagorillatrekkingtrips.com/lake-mulehe/ "Lake Mulehe"]. ''Dolphin Tours & Travel''. Retrieved 2024-06-19.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.insidemgahinganationalpark.com/visit-lake-mulehe.html "Lake Mulehe, Visit Lake Mulehe, Mulehe Lake in Uganda".] ''Inside Mgahinga National Park''. Retrieved 2024-06-19.</ref> == Mefutafuta ya Ditshedi == Letsha leno le mafelo a a le dikologileng a na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya dinonyane, mme seno se dira gore e nne lefelo le le rategang la go lebelela dinonyane. Mefuta mengwe ya dinonyane tse di bonwang mo lefelong le e akaretsa kgopa e e serolwana e e nang le serwalo le mefuta e mengwe ya dinonyane tsa Albertine Rift jaaka Rwenzori turaco le R[[wenzori nightjar.]] <ref name=":1" />Ecosystem ya letsha le yone e tshegetsa mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditshedi tsa mo metsing, fa mafelo a a dikologileng one a na le dimela le diphologolo tse di farologaneng.<ref name=":2">[https://www.africangorilla.com/information/lake-mulehe/ "Lake Mulehe Guide | Luxury Lodges & Experiences in Kisoro".] ''Gorilla Trekking Uganda''. 2019-03-31. Retrieved 2024-06-19.</ref> == Bojanala le ditiro == Lekadiba la Mulehe, le le mo Dithabeng tsa Virunga, bosheng jaana le ile la tuma thata mo bajanaleng ka ntlha ya bontle jwa lone, diphologolo tsa naga tse di farologaneng le dilo tse di farologaneng tse di diragalang mo lefelong leno. Lefelo leno le na le dilo tse di farologaneng tse batho ba ka di dirang go itlosa bodutu tse di jaaka go lebelela dinonyane, go tsamaya ka mekoro le go tsamaya ka dinao. Dithaba tsa Virunga, tse di akaretsang Muhabura, Mgahinga, le Sabinyo, di oketsa bontle jwa kgaolo eno. <ref name=":0" />Letsha la Mulehe gantsi le bopa karolo ya maeto a go ya go ithuta kwa Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, e e itsegeng ka go nna teng ga dikorila tsa kwa dithabeng.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref>[https://www.mgahinganationalpark.com/places/lake-mulehe.html "Lake Mulehe Nearby PLaces to Visit | Mgahinga National Park".] 2018-04-06. Retrieved 2024-06-19.</ref> == Botlhokwa jwa setso == Ditšhaba tse di dikologileng Letsha la Mulehe di na le ngwao-boswa e e farologaneng ya setso, e e itsegeng ka ditlwaelo tsa setso le mekgwa ya botshelo e e ngokang bojanala jwa setso. Gantsi bajanala ba kopana le batho bano go ithuta ka dingwao tsa bone, ditiro tsa diatla tsa bone le tsela e ba tshelang ka yone. Batho ba Bakiga le ba Bafumbira ba ba nnang mo kgaolong eno, ba itsege ka go nna le moya wa go amogela baeng le go bina ka tsela e e kgatlhang. == Maiteko a go di sireletsa == Jaaka karolo ya Albertine Rift, go na le maiteko a a farologaneng a tshomarelo go boloka bontle jwa tlhago le mefutafuta ya ditshedi tsa Letšha la Mulehe le mafelo a a le dikologileng. <ref>Mukanzanira, Marion (2023). ''[http://dissertations.mak.ac.ug/handle/20.500.12281/18061 Enhancing community conservation around Lake Mulehe Wetland, Kisoro District, Southwestern Uganda]'' (Thesis thesis). Makerere University.</ref> Maiteko ano a ikaeletse go rotloetsa bojanala jo bo tswelelang le go sireletsa tikologo mo ditlamoragong tse di ka nnang teng tsa ditiro tsa batho. Maiteko a dirwa go lekalekanya ditlhokego tsa baagi ba selegae le go somarela tikologo ya letsha. 6][7][8] == Metswedi == 092xx3vn9nbd22sg864jhaa8zqvyqzv 0 13999 51438 2026-06-24T12:06:43Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Oued Guir #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Oued Guir|image_name=Oued Guir in Abadla.jpg|image_map=Saoura OSM.png|map_caption=Mfaratlhatlha a noka ya Saoura le Guir|basin_countries=[[Algeria]] [[Morocco]]|location=Dithaba tsa Atlas|mouth=noka ya Oued Saoura}} '''Noka ya Oued Guir''' ke noka e e sa kgaleng e e elelang go ralala Draa-Tafilalet le dikgaolo tsa Oriental kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa [[Morocco]] le kgaolo ya Bechar kwa bophirima jwa [[Algeria]].<ref name=":0">Merzougui, Touhami. [http://www.naturevivante.org/documents/beni_abbes.pdf "L'eau dans l'oasis de Béni Abbés : un patrimoine essentiel (Vallée de la Saoura, Sud Ouest algérien)"] (PDF). Nature Vivante. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2026</ref> == Motsamao wa yone == Noka ya Oued Guir e simolola kwa godimo ga dithaba tsa Atlas dikhilomithara di le masome mabedi le bobedi kwa bokone-bolthaba jwa toropo ya Gourrama, Draa-Tafilalet, e bo e elela kwa borwa go ya Boudenib e boe e fapogela kwa botlhaba, e kgabaganyetsa mo kgaolong ya Oriental. Fa e kopana le Beni Yal le Oued Zelmou e fapogela kwa borwa kwa molelwaneng wa Algeria. Morago ga go tsena kwa Algeria, noka e tsena kwa letamong la Djorf Torba, e bo e tswelela go feta Abadla go ya Igle, kwa e kopanang le Oued Zouzfana go tlhama Oued Saoura.<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:Barrage de djorf torba.jpg|left|thumb|Letangwana la Djorf Torba]] [[Setshwantsho:La vallée du Guir (Algérie).jpg|center|thumb|Mokgatsha wa Guir kwa [[Algeria]]]] == Metswedi == gnhbdgrgxafbq156wlfpbxzwh8s15d7 51576 51438 2026-06-25T11:56:57Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51576 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Oued Guir|image_name=Oued Guir in Abadla.jpg|image_map=Saoura OSM.png|map_caption=Mfaratlhatlha a noka ya Saoura le Guir|basin_countries=[[Algeria]] [[Morocco]]|location=Dithaba tsa Atlas|mouth=noka ya Oued Saoura}} '''Noka ya Oued Guir''' ke noka e e sa kgaleng e e elelang go ralala Draa-Tafilalet le dikgaolo tsa Oriental kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa [[Morocco]] le kgaolo ya Bechar kwa bophirima jwa [[Algeria]].<ref name=":0">Merzougui, Touhami. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304071904/http://www.naturevivante.org/documents/beni_abbes.pdf "L'eau dans l'oasis de Béni Abbés : un patrimoine essentiel (Vallée de la Saoura, Sud Ouest algérien)"] (PDF). Nature Vivante. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 24 June 2026</ref> == Motsamao wa yone == Noka ya Oued Guir e simolola kwa godimo ga dithaba tsa Atlas dikhilomithara di le masome mabedi le bobedi kwa bokone-bolthaba jwa toropo ya Gourrama, Draa-Tafilalet, e bo e elela kwa borwa go ya Boudenib e boe e fapogela kwa botlhaba, e kgabaganyetsa mo kgaolong ya Oriental. Fa e kopana le Beni Yal le Oued Zelmou e fapogela kwa borwa kwa molelwaneng wa Algeria. Morago ga go tsena kwa Algeria, noka e tsena kwa letamong la Djorf Torba, e bo e tswelela go feta Abadla go ya Igle, kwa e kopanang le Oued Zouzfana go tlhama Oued Saoura.<ref name=":0" /> [[Setshwantsho:Barrage de djorf torba.jpg|left|thumb|Letangwana la Djorf Torba]] [[Setshwantsho:La vallée du Guir (Algérie).jpg|center|thumb|Mokgatsha wa Guir kwa [[Algeria]]]] == Metswedi == 00k6pjdyak4gmqj86sn2zn03pz9n6r5 0 14000 51439 2026-06-24T12:17:14Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Ngalamu #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51439 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Ngalamu''' ke noka e e kwa bokone jwa [[Mozambique]] le [[Malawi]], e kwa bophirima jwa [[Letsha la Amaramba|letšha la Amaramba]]. <ref>[https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-501223&fid=4227&c=mozambique "Ngalamu River: Mozambique".] [[:en:National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency|National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]. Retrieved 24 June 2026</ref> {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Ngalamu|image_name=Ngalamu River.png|basin_countries=[[Mozambique]] [[Malawi]]}} == Metswedi == jfhi8p2nfiylekg9lnrftopgnwljqpu 0 14001 51440 2026-06-24T12:17:50Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Nakivali 51440 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Nakivali,''' le le itsegeng gape jaaka Letsha la Nakivale, ke letsha la metsi a a foreshe le le kwa [[kgaolong ya Isingiro]] kwa bophirima jwa Uganda; ke karolo ya [[letsha la Lake Mburo-Nakivale]]. <ref>[https://www.insidelakemburonationalpark.com/lake-nakivale-lake-mburo.html "Lake Nakivale, Lake Mburo National Park"]. ''Inside Lake Mburo National Park''. Retrieved 2024-05-26.</ref>E bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mane kwa borwabotlhaba jwa toropo ya Mbarara. <ref>[https://mbararatours.com/attractions/lake-nakivale.html "Lake Nakivale".] ''Mbarara Tours''. Retrieved 2024-05-26.</ref> == Mefutafuta ya Ditshedi == Letsha la Nakivale le na le mefuta e robabongwe ya ditlhapi (di-haplochromine di le 4 le di-non-haplochromine di le 5). <ref>''LAKE NAKIVALE FISHERIES REPORT''. National Fisheries Resources Research Institute. pp. 17–18.</ref>Go ne ga tshwarwa thata di-cichlid (tilapiines le Nkejje haplochromines). Go ya ka dipalo, di-haplochromine tse di neng di laolwa ke Astatotilapia aeneocolor, (89%) e ne e le mefuta e mentsi fa tilapias Oreochromis esculentus, Oreochromis niloticus le Oreochromis leucostictus di ne di latela (8%). Mamba Protopterus aethiopicus (2%) e ne e le ya boraro. Mefuta e mengwe ya ditlhapi e e botlhokwa mo kgwebong, Clarias gariepinus e tona e ne ya nna le seabe sa 0.25%.<ref>[http://hdl.handle.net/1834/35543 ''The fisheries resources of Lake Nakivali: report of a rapid assessment of the Lake Nakivali fishery''.] Jinja, Uganda: National Fisheries Resources Research Institute. 2010. hdl:[[hdl:1834/35543|1834/35543.]]</ref> == Ditoropo == Letsha leno le direla batshabi ba kwa Nakivale Refugee Settlement le ditšhaba tsa Uganda mo mafelong a a gaufi le Letsha leno. <ref name=":0">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined "A refugees' idea to restore a degraded Ugandan lake pays off".] ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2024-06-05.</ref> E ntse e le mo kotsing ka ntlha ya kgotlelo e kgolo go tswa go silting morago ga go rengwa ga dikgwa ka bontsi ka ntlha ya go tlhongwa ga dikampa tsa batshabi le fa batshabi ba tsere karolo e kgolo mo go bolokeng le go sireletsa letsha. <ref>AfricaNews (4 January 2024). [https://www.africanews.com/2024/01/04/uganda-refugees-in-nakivale-one-of-the-oldest-settlements-in-africa-replant-lost-forests/ "Uganda: Refugees in Nakivale one of Africa's oldest settlements replant lost forests"]. ''Africanews''. Retrieved 2024-06-26.</ref> Mo thoteng e e tletseng matlapa mo thoteng e e kwa bothibelelong jwa batshabi jwa Nakivale, setlhopha sa badiri se dirisa didirisiwa tsa seatla go epa mesima e le mmalwa, ba bo ba kotula dipeo tsa ditlhare tsa phaene mme ba bo ba di khurumetsa gore ba kgone go busetsa sekgwa gape. Ponalo go tswa kwa Nakivale Refugee Settlement e supa mokgatšha o motala o o yang kwa Letsheng la Nakivale. <ref>[https://www.unhcr.org/africa/news/stories/ugandas-generosity-refugees-continues-despite-limited-resources "Uganda's generosity to refugees continues despite limited resources".] ''UNHCR Africa''. Retrieved 2024-06-26.</ref>Batho bangwe ba ne ba kobiwa mo mafelong a tshireletso a Letsha la Nakivale.<ref>Mariam, Kabasongora (11 Mar 2013). [https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/lake-nakivale-evictees-sue-nema-for-property-destruction "Lake Nakivale Evictees Sue Nema For Property Destruction".]</ref> == Ditiro == * Go jalwa ga dijalo mo dintshing tsa letsha la Nakivale go baka go khurumela le go fokotsega ga metsi<ref>[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined "L.Nakivale in danger".] ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2024-06-13.</ref> * Go rengwa ga dikgwa<ref name=":1">[https://waterjournalistsafrica.com/tag/lake-nakivale/ "Lake Nakivale Archives - Water Journalists Africa".] 2021-02-16. Retrieved 2024-06-13.</ref> * Go thaya ditlhapi go go seng ka fa molaong le go go feteletseng, go feta 70% ya baagi ba ba dikologileng letsha ba tshela ka go thaya ditlhapi<ref name=":1" /> * Ditiro tsa temothuo jaaka temothuo, go rua leruo, di baka kgotlelo ya metsi<ref name=":1" /> * Ditiro tse dingwe tsa batho jaaka go dira ditena go dikologa dintshi tsa letsha di baka kgotlelo ya metsi.<ref name=":1" /> * Bana ba thuma mo karolong ya letsha fa ba bangwe ba gelela metsi go a dirisa mo gae<ref name=":0" /> == Go phutlhama ga tikologo == * Go lekanya ka fa gare ga letsha la Nakivale go supa gore lekadiba la letsha le apesitswe ke seretse se se fokotsang boteng jwa letsha ka dimetara tse nne mme mo godimo ga moo bogodimo jwa letsha bo fokoditswe ka dimetara tse lesome go tswa mo mabopong. Metsi a letsha la Nakivale le le bogolo jwa dikilometara di le masome a mabedi le botlhano tsa sekwere a fetogile go nna borokwa ka ntlha ya kgotlelo ya seretse. <ref name=":2">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/undefined "Siltation and sediment is clogging up Lake Nakivale".] ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2024-06-29.</ref>Siltation e bakwa ke taolo e e bokoa ya dimela jaaka go rengwa ga ditlhare mo dithoteng tsa Ngarama le Kabingo gammogo le go fula go feta tekano, melelo ya sekgwa, go fisiwa ga magala le go tlhoka dithalase.<ref name=":2" /> == Metswedi == 26r69hzzwyizszgozstr9ufkhxzbgrj 0 14002 51441 2026-06-24T12:37:03Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Ruo #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Ruo|river_name=Rio Ruo|image_name=Falls and Rapids on River Ruo, Malawi. February 1908..jpg|image_map=Malawi relief location map.svg|map_caption=Bokopano le [[Noka ya Shire]] kwa [[Malawi]]|basin_countries=[[Malawi]] [[Mozambique]]|mouth=[[Chiromo]] Malawi|location=[[Noka ya Shire]]|river_system=[[Noka ya Zambezi]]}} '''Noka ya Ruo''' ke motswedi o motona go fetisa e mengwe ya [[noka ya Shire]] kwa borwa jwa mafatshe a [[Malawi]] le [[Mozambique]]. E simologa kwa Mulanje Massif (kwa Malawi) e dira dikhilomithara di le masome a robabobedi tsa molelwane wa Malawi le Mozambique. E kopana le noka ya Shire kwa Chiromo.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Ruo-River "Ruo River"]. ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. 20 July 1998. Retrieved 24 June 2026</ref> Lefelo la noka ya Ruo le akaretsa mekgokolosa e e kwa borwa jwa thabakgolo ya Mulanje le dithaba tsa Shire kwa Malawi. Motswedi mogolo wa yone ke noka ya Thuchila (kgotsa Tuchila), e e tshelwang ke mekgokolosa e e wa borwa-bophirima jwa Mulanje le mekgokolosa e e kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa dithaba tsa Shire le dipoa tsa Thuchila fa gare ga tsone. Noka ya Ruo le metswedi ya yone e mo molemeng di tshelwa ke kgaolo ya Milange kwa lefatsheng le le mabapi la [[Mozambique]]. Diphororo tsa Zoa di tshologa dimithara di le masome a marataro, di kgaoganya ditlhaphi tse di kwa godimo ga Ruo le tse di kwa tlase kwa dinokeng tsa [[Noka ya Zambezi|Zambezi]] le Shire.<ref>Tweddle, Denis. "Mulanje". ''Freshwater Ecoregions of the World''. Accessed 17 August 2019. [https://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/562 <nowiki>[1].</nowiki>]</ref> Seporo sa Shire Highlands se sala morago motsamao o o kwa tlase wa Ruo fa gare ga Sandama le Chiromo. == Segwagwa se segoang sa noka ya Ruo == Segwaga sa Arthroleptis francei se tshwerwe pele gaufi le noka ya Ruo mo mekgokoloseng ya thabakgolo ya Mulanje. Lengwe la maina a sone a a tlwaelesegileng ke segwaga sa noka ya Ruo se se goang.<ref name=":0">Frost, Darrel R. (2016). [https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/Amphibia/Anura/Arthroleptidae/Arthroleptinae/Arthroleptis/Arthroleptis-francei "''Arthroleptis francei'' Loveridge, 1953".] ''Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0''. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 24 June 2026</ref> Leina le lengwe la sone le le tlwaelesegileng ke France's squeaker<ref name=":0" />, ga mmogo le leina la tlhamalalo la francei a na le ditso. Mr. F H France e ne e le mmereki wa dikgwa o o tlhokafetseng fa a leka go kgabaganya nok ya Ruo gaufi le kwa segwagwa se tserweng teng. Arthur Loveridge, moitseanape wa maranyane o o tlhalositseng mofuta o, o ne a se fa leina a se reelela ka France, gore leina la sone le amanngwe le dikgwa tse a neng a batla go di somarela mo thabeng a neng a e rata thata.<ref>Loveridge, A. (1953). [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/8015 "Zoological results of a fifth expedition to East Africa. IV. Amphibians from Nyasaland and Tete"]. ''Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology''. '''110''': 325–406.</ref> Le ntswa se amangwa le noka ka ditso le leina, segwaga seke mofuta o o tshelang mo matlakaleng a matlhare.<ref>IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2016). [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/54371/77165298 "''Arthroleptis francei''".] ''IUCN Red List of Threatened Species''. '''2016''' e.T54371A77165298. doi:[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/54371/77165298 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T54371A77165298.en.]</ref> == Metswedi == 36n636azmk3my43q9m28nno3w23fznp 0 14003 51442 2026-06-24T12:42:34Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya noka ya Lilongwe #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Lilongwe|image_name=Lilongwe.jpg|basin_countries=[[Malawi]]|length_km=200}} '''Noka ya Lilongwe'''<ref>[https://cbc.iclei.org/una-rivers-lilongwe/ "UNA Rivers: Lilongwe - ICLEI"]. ''cbc.iclei.org''. Retrieved 24 June 2026</ref> ke noka e e kwa [[Malawi]]. E elela go ralala [[Lilongwe]], toropokgolo ya lefatshe. Noka e boleele jwa dikhilomithara di le makgolo a mabedi, e elela go tsena mo [[Letsha la Malawi|letsheng la Malawi]]. E simologa kwa Dzalanyama Forest reserve, fa gare ga molelwane wa dikgaolo tsa Lilongwe le Dedza. Noka ya Lilongwe ke motswedi mogolo wa metsi wa batho ba toropo ya Lilongwe. == Metswedi == oc8rzeqszftgsdlem3oqvz0qga079lt 0 14004 51443 2026-06-24T12:44:18Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Nakuwa Wetland System 51443 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Nakuwa Wetland.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Nakuwa]] '''Letsha la Nakuwa Wetland System''' ke lefelo la metsi le le fitlhelwang kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Kyoga system le le akaretsang dikgaolo tsa [[Kamuli District]], [[Pallisa District]] le [[Soroti District]] kwa botlhaba jwa Uganda. Lefelo le le bongola le dikilometara di le masome a mabedi le botlhano go tswa kwa toropong ya Pallisa. <ref name=":0">[https://www.africa-wilderness-safaris.com/uganda/lake-nakuwa/ "Lake Nakuwa | Uganda Birding Safaris"]. ''Africa Safaris | Shanrod Africa''. Archived from the original on 2 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.junglesafarisuganda.com/attractions/ramsar-sites-in-uganda.html "Ramsar Sites In Uganda"]. ''African Jungle Adventures''. 24 October 2018. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20230612111125/https://www.junglesafarisuganda.com/attractions/ramsar-sites-in-uganda.html the original] on 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.</ref>E na le botona jwa 911.5 km2. <ref>[https://www.protectedplanet.net/902979?locale=en "Lake Nakuwa Wetland System".] ''Protected Planet''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240621193756/https://www.protectedplanet.net/902979?locale=en Archived] from the original on 21 June 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.</ref> E golaganngwa le matsha a le mmalwa a sathalaete le tsamaiso ya seretse e e nang le papyrus e e dirisediwang go dira mmetshe, go kgabisa, le ditiro tsa diatla mmogo le mefuta ya di-cichlid le mefuta e mengwe ya ditlhapi. Lefelo le le nang le metsi le na le seabe mo go thibeleng merwalela le go phepafatsa metsi, mmogo le go tlatsa gape metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe. <ref>[https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1635 "Lake Nakuwa Wetland System".] ''Ramsar Sites Information Service''. 15 September 2006. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230416194117/https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1635 Archived] from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.</ref> Gape e dirisetswa go lebelela dinonyane.<ref>[https://www.ugandabirdguides.org/places/ramsar-sites/ "Ramsar Sites in Uganda".] ''Uganda Bird Guides''. 19 October 2017. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230531101321/https://www.ugandabirdguides.org/places/ramsar-sites/ Archived] from the original on 31 May 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023.</ref> == Lefelo le popego == Lake Nakuwa Wetland System e mo dikgaolong tsa Kamuli (Kagulu, Nawaikoke, Bumanya, Gudumire, le Namwiwa sub-counties), Pallisa (Gogonyo, Apopong, Buseta, le Pallisa sub-counties),<ref name=":0" /> le Soroti (Pingire le Kateta sub-counties) kwa Botlhaba jwa Uganda, Botlhaba jwa Afrika. E kwa latitude 01° 15′ le longitude 33° 31′. 5] E dikologilwe ke matsha a a farologaneng jaaka Budipa, Nawampasa, Murlu le Nkodokodo.<ref>[https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/lake-nakuwa-iba-uganda "Lake Nakuwa"]. [[:en:BirdLife_International|''BirdLife International''.]] Archived from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 21 June 2024.</ref> == Ditiro == Letša la Nakuwa Wetland ke lefelo la tlholego la metsi a Noka ya Nile, le tshegetsa go thaya ditlhapi ga morafe wa selegae, le boloka metsi a go tlatsa metsi a mmu mme gape ke lefelo la bojanala. <ref name=":0" /> Lefelo leno le le nang le metsi le na le diphologolo tse di jaaka dinonyane tse di farologaneng, segolo thata kgama ya ditlhako e e bidiwang Balaeniceps rex le papyrus gonolek Laniarius mufumbiri . <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /> == Go sa Tshwaneng le Gope == Lefelo le le bongola la Letsha la Nakuwa le dirilwe ka mmu o o phaphaselang o o bopang mokoa o o kgoreletsang o o tshwayang karolo e kgolo ya noka ya Nile e tshweu. Dikgapetla tseno di dira jaaka dikgoreletsi mo mokgokoloseng wa Nile mme di o thibela go tsena mo lefelong leno le le bongola ka go dira jalo di dira lefelo la go nna la mefuta ya ditlhapi tsa cichlid tsa haplochromine mo lefelong leno le le bongola. == Metswedi == af0mltrgpvgjs45m9af4jvjld1omes1 0 14005 51444 2026-06-24T13:06:45Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Bua, Malawi #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51444 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Bua.jpg|thumb]] [[Setshwantsho:Shire Basin OSM.png|thumb|Noka ya Bua (legare kwa molemeng)]] '''Noka ya Bua''' ke ke noka e kgolo kwa [[Malawi]] e e elelang go tswa kwa dithabeng tsa Fedza kwa borwa pele ga e felela e tsamaya e bapisitse [[noka ya Dwangwa]] ka tsotlhe di tshelwa ke [[letsha la Malawi]]. Noka e isa metsi a a nosetsang le tikologo. Noka ya Bua e elela go ralala Mkhotakota Wildlife Reserve.<ref>[https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12184529.pdf Republic of Malawi ministry of agriculture, irrigation and water development (MoAIWD) - Project for national water resources master plan in the republic of Malawi]</ref> == Motsamao wa yone == Noka e tlhatloga dikhilomithara di le masome a robabobedi kwa bophirima jwa Lilongwe kwa molelwaneng le lefatshe la [[Zambia]] kwa Mchinji Forest Reserve. Pele e elela sebaka sa dikhilomithara di le masome a mane go ya kwa borwa-botlhaba, e bo e elela dikhilomithara di le lekgolo go ya kwa bokone- bokone-botlhaba le dikhilomithara tse dingwe tse di lekgolo le masome a mabedi go ya bokone-botlhaba go bapa le borwa jwa noka ya Dwangwa. E kgabaganya Nkhotakota Wildlife Reserve go elelela mo letsheng la Malawi kwa ntlheng ya Bua, dikhilomithara di le lesome le bosupa kwa bokone jwa Nkhotakota.<ref>[https://uir.unisa.ac.za/service-interruption.html?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Development of a flood-frequency model for the river basins of the central region of Malawi as tool for engineering design and disaster preparedness in flood-prone areas]</ref> == Kgwebo == Dinoka tsa Bua, Dwangwa, Lilongwe, Lufilya, Nortk Rukuru, Songwe, South Rukuru mmogo di na le bokgoni jwa go tshwara ditlhapi di le dikete di le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga, go ya ka FAO. Ditlhapi tsa bokete jwa dikete di le nne go tsena di le lesome le bosupa di a tshwarwa. == Bojanala == Noka ya Bua e na le diphororo tse di kgatlhisang e itsege mo batshwaring ba ditlhapi ka tlhaphi ya Mpasa, mofuta wa Salmon.<ref>[https://ruforum.org/sites/default/files/Matsimbe,%20M.%20et%20al..pdf Fish diversity of two major inlet rivers of Lake Malawi: Spatial and temporal change]</ref> == Metswedi == mbcl8zuxxlozlutxk11hk7a3ks4qs8h 0 14006 51445 2026-06-24T13:13:08Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Dwangwa #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51445 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Shire Basin OSM.png|thumb|Noka ya Dwangwa (legare kwa molemeng)]] '''Noka ya Dwangwa''' ke noka kwa [[Malawi]], e e elelelang kwa [[Letsha la Malawi|letsheng la Malawi]]. Motswedi wa yone o kwa Kasungu National Park, kwa legareng la Malawi. E elelela kwa bokone-botlhaba go tswa fa legareng ka mokgatsha wa bogologolo. Molomo wa noka o elela go tswa mo mokgatsheng o o mosha go tsena mo letsheng.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Dwangwa-River Dwangwa River] Encyclopædia Britannica, Accessed 24 June 2026</ref> E elela gape go ralala dipoa tsa Bana. Boleele jwa yone ke dikhilomithara di le elkgolo le masome a marataro. Noka e dirisediwa go nosetsa le go fetlha motlakase.<ref>[https://www.worldpumps.com/business_news/articles/300806_denorco.htmlDenorco sends axial flow pumps to Malawi]^{[''permanent dead link'']} World Pumps, 2005. Accessed 24 June 2026</ref> Ke noka e go tshwarwang ditlhaphi mo go yone, tlhaphi ya prawn e fitlhelwa mo nokeng e.<ref>[https://www.fao.org/4/T0473E/T0473E05.htm Source Book for the inland fishery resources of Africa, volume 1] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Accessed 24 June 2026</ref> == Metswedi == hk0vhygo3xb2ajdhslpoynwgz5vv6fp 0 14007 51446 2026-06-24T13:13:22Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Nkugute 51446 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Nkugute.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Nkugute]] '''Letsha la Nkugute''', le le itsegeng gape jaaka Letsha la Rutoto, ke letsha le le kwa [[Kgaolong ya Rubirizi]], kwa [[Uganda]]. Letsha leno le le mo lefelong la lekgwamolelo la Bunyaruguru, go dumelwa gore le ne la bopega dingwaga di feta dikete tse lesome le bobedi tse di fetileng ka ntlha ya go thunya ga lekgwamolelo. E setse e le lefelo la masaitseweng le ditlhamane tsa selegae, ka ditlhamane tse di dikologileng tshimologo le boitshwaro jwa yone. <ref name=":0">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/lake-nkugute-a-place-of-mysterious-tales-1499990 "Lake Nkugute, a place of mysterious tales".] ''Monitor''. 2021-06-16. Retrieved 2023-06-15.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/nkugutte-the-lake-people-believe-gives-wealth-1653592 "Nkugutte: The lake people believe gives wealth"]. ''Monitor''. 2021-01-05. Retrieved 2023-06-15.</ref> == Bojanala le popego == Letsha la Nkugute le na le bogodimo jo bo fopholediwang jwa dimetara di le dikete tse nne le makgolo a marataro le masome a mane le botlhano fa godimo ga bogodimo jwa lewatle. E bopilwe ka tsela e e tshwanang le mmapa wa Afrika, e leng se se dirang gore batho bangwe ba lefelo leno ba e bitse "Letsha la Afrika". Melelwane ya letsha e ka bonwa go tswa mo thoteng e e lebaganyeng le lone. <ref>Guru (2021-04-20). "[https://web.archive.org/web/20230623141128/https://kenyan-post.com/2021/04/heres-lake-nkugute-in-uganda-that-is-shaped-like-the-map-of-africa-photos/ Here's Lake Nkugute in Uganda that is shaped like the map of Africa (PHOTOs)".] ''DAILY POST''. Archived from [https://kenyan-post.com/2021/04/heres-lake-nkugute-in-uganda-that-is-shaped-like-the-map-of-africa-photos/ the original] on 2023-06-23. Retrieved 2023-06-15.</ref> Go tlhamiwa ga letsha go bakilwe ke go thunya ga lekgwamolelo kwa lefelong la lekgwamolelo la Bunyaruguru, le le neng la tlogela khuti e e neng ya tlala ka metsi a pula ka iketlo mo dingwageng tse di diketekete. <ref>[https://geographic.org/geographic_names/name.php?uni=-2429157&fid=6445&c=uganda "Lake Nkugute, Uganda - Geographical Names, map, geographic coordinates".] ''geographic.org''. Retrieved 2023-06-15.</ref> == Ditlhamane le ditlhamane == Letsha la Nkugute e ntse e le kgang e e sa itsiweng e e anelwang ke ditšhaba tse di nnang mo metseng e e le dikologileng. Go ya ka ngwao ya selegae, leina "Nkugute" ka puo ya Runyaruguru le raya "go metsa", go tshwantshetsa letsha le go tweng le na le thubakanyo le keletso e kgolo ya batho. <ref name=":1" /> Ditlhamane di bolela gore letsha leno le ne le kometsa ngwana wa mosimane le wa mosetsana ngwaga le ngwaga, mme ka go dira jalo le ne le gakgamatsa batho. Go ne ga bolelwa ka ditiragalo tse mo go tsone bana ba ba neng ba itumelela go thuma mo letsheng ba neng ba iphitlhela ba goa ba sa kgone go dira sepe fa go ne go lebega e kete ba "komediwa" ke metsi. Tota le batho ba ba neng ba leka go namola batho ba ba neng ba nwela ba ne ba tla diragalelwa ke se se tshwanang. Ditlhamane tseno di thusitse gore letsha leno le itsege e le lefelo le le sa itsiweng le le kotsi.<ref>Tourism, Kitara Foundation for Regional (2023-03-20)[https://kitararcc.com/2023/03/20/the-mysterious-lake-nkugute-of-the-great-kitara-region/ . "The Mysterious Lake Nkugute of the great Kitara Region"]. ''Kitara Foundation for Regional Tourism''. Retrieved 2023-06-15.</ref> == Bojanala le setšhaba sa selegae == Letsha la Nkugute e setse e le lefelo le le ratwang thata ke bajanala, le fa gone baagi ba lefelo leo ba sa solegelwa molemo thata ke kgwebo ya bojanala. Bajanala gantsi ba etela letsha leno go tla go bona tsela e e tlhomologileng e le bopegileng ka yone le mafelo a a le dikologileng. Le fa go ntse jalo, go tlhoka dihotele kgotsa marobalo a a tshwanetseng mo lefelong leo go kgoreleditse bokgoni jwa baagi ba lefelo leo go dirisa bojanala ka botlalo. <ref name=":1" /> Go dirilwe maiteko a go boloka letsha leno le le phepa le go sireletsa dilo tse le nang le tsone. Balaodi ba lefelo leo ba thibetse ditiro tse di jaaka go tlhatswa diaparo le dikoloi mo letsheng go tlhomamisa gore metsi a nna a le phepa. Go thaya ditlhapi ga go a tlwaelega ka ntlha ya tlhaelo ya ditlhapi. <ref name=":0" /> Baagi ba Bunyaruguru, segolobogolo lotso lwa Banyaruguru, ba tsaya Letsha la Nkugute e le karolo e e botlhokwa ya boswa jwa bone. Batho ba Banyaruguru ba na le dikamano tse di tiileng le kwa Baganda ba tswang teng, mme dingwao le ditlwaelo tsa bone tsa setso di tlhotlhelediwa ke ditso tsa Baganda le tsa Kinyankole. <ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FmWXv9YwKM8 ''The Lake shaped like the Map of Africa- Lake Nkugute aka Lake Rutoto'',] retrieved 2023-06-15</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == 16gh2y9hthklc81ckvrwg3wxnbbz136 0 14008 51447 2026-06-24T13:18:31Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Nshenyi 51447 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Nshenyi''' ke letsha la kwa [[Uganda]] le le kwa [[kgaolong ya Rubirizi]]. Lekadiba leno le bogodimo jwa dimetara di le sekete le borataro<ref>[https://ug.geoview.info/lake_nshenyi,227684 "Lake Nshenyi crater lake, Western Region, Uganda".] ''ug.geoview.info''. Retrieved 2024-06-25.</ref>. Letsha le ke lefelo la go nna la di-Flamingo tse di fudugileng go tswa kwa Letsha la Nakuru kwa Kenya. <ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 "Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru".] ''Monitor''. 2021-01-05. Retrieved 2024-06-25.</ref><ref>[http://www.africaimagelibrary.com/media/56793405-9667-4593-93cc-f8a35f495a0a-walking-safari-at-nshenyi-crater-lake-in-kyambura-wildlife-rese "Photos and pictures of: Walking safari at Nshenyi Crater Lake in Kyambura Wildlife Reserve, Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda".] ''The Africa Image Library''. Retrieved 2024-06-25.</ref><ref>[https://www.getamap.net/maps/uganda/uganda_(general)/_lake_nshenyi/ "Lake Nshenyi (Nshenyi Lake) Map, Weather and Photos - Uganda: crater lake - Lat:-0.15 and Long:30.1667"]. ''www.getamap.net''. Retrieved 2024-06-25.</ref> == Metswedi == lpo6ehw88qeqgmpdu88sm4aobxqn5se 0 14009 51448 2026-06-24T13:29:50Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Nyabihoko 51448 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Nyabihooko Lake pic 3.jpg|thumb|Leno ke letsha le le kwa motseng wa Kyafoora mo Kgaolong ya Ntungamo. Go ne go dumelwa gore e ne e kopane le Letsha la Kyafoora mme moragonyana e ne ya kgaoganngwa.]] '''Letsha la Nyabihoko''' ke letsha le le kwa [[kgaolong ya Ntungamo,]] dikilometara tse di ka nnang makgolo a mararo le masome a supa le bobedi kwa borwa jwa [[Kampala]], Uganda. E aroganngwa ke dikgaolo tsa Nyabihoko, Bwongyera (ka bobedi mo Kgaolong ya Kajara), le Rubaare mo Kgaolong ya Rushenyi. Letsha leno le na le botona jwa disekweremetara di ka nna 2.31.<ref name=":0">[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1489909 "The beautiful, historical Nyabihoko lake".] ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2023-06-15.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/nyabihoko-the-lake-with-an-intriguing-history-1516164 "Nyabihoko: The lake with an intriguing history"]. ''Monitor''. 2021-01-05. Retrieved 2023-06-15.</ref> == Tlhamane le popego == Go ya ka ditlhamane tsa lefelo leo, go bopiwa ga Letsha la Nyabihoko go bakilwe ke ditiragalo di le mmalwa tse di neng tsa ama Mutuumo, yo e neng e le molemirui yo o humileng wa dikgomo wa Mo-Muhima. Go bolelwa gore Mutuumo o ne a na le namane e e boitshepo ya mebala e e farologaneng, e a neng a tlhagisiwa ke medimo gore a se ka a e ja, le fa e ka swa ka tsela ya tlholego. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka nako nngwe fa a ne a le mo loetong lwa gagwe lwa go ya go rekisa kwa [[Rwanda]], namane e ne ya swa, mme batlhanka ba ba tshwerweng ke tlala ba ga Mutuumo ba ne ba e ja, ba itlhokomolosa dikopo tsa mosadi wa gagwe. Tiro eno e ne e le go tlola maikano a lelapa mme e ne ya galefisa medimo. == Botlhokwa jwa setso == Letsha la Nyabihoko le na le botlhokwa jwa setso le ditso mo kgaolong eno. Gompieno, letsha leno ke legae la Mutuumo Island Resort, e e tlotlang tlhamane eno. Mo setlhaketlhakeng, masalela a legae la bogologolo la setso la Ankole a ka fitlhelwa, a fa baeti ponelopele ya ngwao-boswa jo bo humileng jwa lefelo leno. <ref name=":2">[https://western-uganda.net/lake_nyabihoko.html "Lake Nyabihoko ~ Lake Nyabihoko Guide ~ Lake Nyabihoko Ntungamo Uganda]". ''western-uganda.net''. Retrieved 2023-06-15.</ref> == Bojanala le ditiro == Letsha la Nyabihoko le ngoka bajanala ba ba kgatlhegelang bontle jwa lone jwa tlholego le kagiso ya lone. Baeti ba ka hira mekoro kgotsa mekorwana ya setso go ya go sekaseka letsha leno, mme seno se ba naya tshono ya go bona mefuta e e farologaneng ya diphologolo le dinonyane tse di nnang mo lefelong leno. Mefuta mengwe ya dinonyane e e itsegeng e akaretsa grey crowned crane, fish eagle, le pelicans. <ref name=":1" /> == Dikgwetlho le go di boloka == Letsha la Nyabihoko le lebane le dikgwetlho, go akaretsa le go fokotsega ga palo ya ditlhapi ka ntlha ya go nyelela ga mafelo a a tletseng seretse a a dikologileng letsha leno ka ntlha ya go lema ka metlha. Maiteko a go sireletsa tikologo ya tlhago ya letsha le go rotloetsa mekgwa ya go tshwara ditlhapi e e tswelelang e botlhokwa thata mo tshireletsong ya lone ya nako e telele. <ref name=":2" /> == Go tsena == [[Setshwantsho:The clouds, vegetation around Lake Nyabihoko in Uganda.jpg|thumb|Maru, dimela tse di dikologileng Letsha la Nyabihok]] Go fitlha kwa Letsheng la Nyabihoko, batsamai ba ka tsaya dibese kgotsa dikoloi tsa poraefete go ya kwa toropong ya Ntungamo mme go tswa foo ba bo ba latela tsela e e yang kwa Rwashamaire. Go tswa foo, go ka nna sekgala sa dikilometara di le lesome go ya kwa letsheng. <ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == nl784dg20cs08yvlubil9hdc590fnf2 0 14010 51449 2026-06-24T13:31:15Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya South Rukuru #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51449 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:South Rukuru.jpg|thumb|Noka ya South Rukuru]] '''Noka ya South Rukuru''' e tlhatloga kwa kgaolong e e kwa borwa jwa Mzimba e elela makgwakgwa go tswa kwa bokone go ya bokone-botlhaba go tshela kwa letsheng la [[Malawi]]. Lefelo la yone ke mo kgampung ya Mzimba. Metswedi ya yone e tshelwa ke mekgokolosa ya dithaba tsa Viphya. Kwa botlhaba, go kgaogana kwa tlase mo go bakang molelwane wa mafatshe a Malawi le Zambia o kgaoganya metsi a South Rukuru le a [[noka ya Luangwa]] ya [[Zambia]]. Mokgatsha o o kwa tlase wa noka o kgaoganya ntlha e e kwa bokone jwa dithaba tsa Viphya le tsa Nyika kwa bokone. Lephata la nosetso gompieno le tlhama porojeke e tona ya nosetso e e tlaa nnang bophara jwa dihketara di le dikete di le nne kwa kgaolong ya Rumphi kwa lotshitshing lo lo kwa molememng wa noka ya South Rukuru. Porojeke e engwe nokeng ke lekgotla la European Union e tlaa tswela mosola balemi barui ba le dikete pedi le makgolo a mararo kwa kgaolong eo. == Metswedi == amolcw2rwdqviesug3vws651en8qnl5 0 14011 51450 2026-06-24T13:37:22Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Nyabikere 51450 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Nyabikere''' ke letsha le le kwa kgaolong ya Kabarole kwa Uganda. Letsha leno gape le itsege jaaka "Letsha la Segwagwa" ka gonne le na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya digwagwa mo metsing a lone.<ref name=":0">[https://daytrip.com/discover/location/lake-nyabikere "Lake Nyabikere"]. ''daytrip.com''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240613072114/https://daytrip.com/discover/location/lake-nyabikere Archived] from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2024.</ref> <ref>[https://www.achieveglobalsafaris.com/adventures-at-lake-nyabikere/ "Adventures At Lake Nyabikere | Lake of Frogs | Uganda Safaris". ''Achieve Global Safaris'']. 18 July 2022. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240611144504/https://www.achieveglobalsafaris.com/adventures-at-lake-nyabikere/ Archived] from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2024.</ref> Gape ke letsha la crater mo dithabeng tsa Mountain Rwenzori kwa bophirima jwa Uganda le lefelo la safari kwa Uganda. <ref>COMMUNITY, ISUNGA CULTURAL (26 May 2020). [https://isungacommunity.wixsite.com/website/post/lake-nyabikere-in-isunga "LAKE NYABIKERE IN ISUNGA".] ''Isunga Cultural C''. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2024.</ref><ref>[https://www.airbnb.com/lake-nyabikere-uganda/stays "Lake Nyabikere Vacation Rentals & Homes - Western Region, Uganda"]. ''Airbnb''. Retrieved 11 June 2024.</ref><ref name=":1">Uganda, Gorilla Safaris (23 January 2021). [https://www.gorillasafaris-uganda.com/lake-nyabikere-crater-lake-uganda/ "Lake Nyabikere Crater Lake Uganda".] ''Gorilla Safaris Uganda''. Archived from the original on 11 June 2024. Retrieved 11 June 2024.</ref> == Dimela le diphologolo == Lefelo le le dikologileng letsha la Nyabikere le na le di-chimpanzee, mefuta e e farologaneng ya dinonyane, le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ditlhare le mefuta e mengwe ya dimela mme e dira jaaka lefelo la bojanala la Uganda. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == 33gmiloohc47il3e792ebxz9zxnjls9 0 14012 51451 2026-06-24T13:44:03Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya North Rukuru #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51451 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Shire Basin OSM.png|thumb|Noka ya North Rukuru]] '''Noka ya North Rukuru''' ke noka e e kwa bokone jwa [[Malawi]]. E tlhatloga kwa Nyika Plateau, morago ga dikhilomithara di le elkgolo e elela mo letsheng la Malawi gaufi le Karonga. Noka e nna e na le metsi ngwaga otlhe. Noka e tshelwa ke lengwe la mafelo a pula a Malawi, ka seelo sa pula sa dimilimithara di le sekete, lekgolo le masome a mane ka ngwaga. == Bojanala le kgwebo == Moepo wa uranium o kwa Kayelekera kwa kgampung ya North Rukuru, e akanyediwa e na le uranium ya bokete jwa dikete di le lesome le motso, makgolo a matlhano a uranium, e ne e le moepo o o butsweng go tswa ka 2009 go tsena 2014.<ref>[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/international/malawi/mineral_potential_of_malawi_3.pdf "Karoo and post-Karoo (coal, uranium, industrial minerals and gemstones)"] (PDF). ''Mineral Potential of Malawi''. 2009. Retrieved 2026-06-24</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141213185233/http://ir.paladinenergy.com.au/FormBuilder/DocumentDownload.ashx?item=qeST7KVftUOabxBArSF2rw&Preview=1 "Paladin Energy Ltd Annual Report 2013".] Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-13. Retrieved 2026-06-24</ref> [[Noka ya Bua, Malawi|Noka ya Bua]], [[noka ya Dwangwa]], [[noka ya Lilongwe]], noka ya Lufilya, [[noka ya North Rukuru]], [[noka ya Songwe]] le [[noka ya South Rukuru]] tsotlhe di na le bokgoni jwa go tshwarwa ga ditlhapi tsa bokete jwa dikete di le lesome lebotlhano ka ngwaga go ya ka FAO. Bokete jwa dikete di le nne go tsena di le lesome le bosupa di atshwarwa. == Metswedi == kwndfycpvr8k252ztui84zcjzqjsj6u 51459 51451 2026-06-24T14:28:06Z MmaBaggio 11091 51459 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Shire Basin OSM.png|thumb|Noka ya North Rukuru]] '''Noka ya North Rukuru''' ke noka e e kwa bokone jwa [[Malawi]]. E tlhatloga kwa Nyika Plateau, morago ga dikhilomithara di le elkgolo e elela mo letsheng la Malawi gaufi le Karonga. Noka e nna e na le metsi ngwaga otlhe. Noka e tshelwa ke lengwe la mafelo a pula a Malawi, ka seelo sa pula sa dimilimithara di le sekete, lekgolo le masome a mane ka ngwaga. == Bojanala le kgwebo == Moepo wa uranium o kwa Kayelekera kwa kgampung ya North Rukuru, e akanyediwa e na le uranium ya bokete jwa dikete di le lesome le motso, makgolo a matlhano a uranium, e ne e le moepo o o butsweng go tswa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe go tsena ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone.<ref>[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/international/malawi/mineral_potential_of_malawi_3.pdf "Karoo and post-Karoo (coal, uranium, industrial minerals and gemstones)"] (PDF). ''Mineral Potential of Malawi''. 2009. Retrieved 2026-06-24</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141213185233/http://ir.paladinenergy.com.au/FormBuilder/DocumentDownload.ashx?item=qeST7KVftUOabxBArSF2rw&Preview=1 "Paladin Energy Ltd Annual Report 2013".] Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-13. Retrieved 2026-06-24</ref> [[Noka ya Bua, Malawi|Noka ya Bua]], [[noka ya Dwangwa]], [[noka ya Lilongwe]], noka ya Lufilya, [[noka ya North Rukuru]], [[noka ya Songwe]] le [[noka ya South Rukuru]] tsotlhe di na le bokgoni jwa go tshwarwa ga ditlhapi tsa bokete jwa dikete di le lesome lebotlhano ka ngwaga go ya ka FAO. Bokete jwa dikete di le nne go tsena di le lesome le bosupa di atshwarwa. == Metswedi == 93lxcpjei6hvklwmfu7sl2s83z72qr1 0 14013 51452 2026-06-24T13:51:59Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Songwe #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Songwe|image_map=Lake Malawie Tanzania OSM.png|map_caption=Noka ya Songwe (kwa godimo mo molemeng)|basin_countries=[[Malawi]] [[Tanzania]] [[Zambia]]|location=Kgaolo ya Songwe|mouth=[[Letsha la Nyasa]]}} '''Noka ya Songwe''' ke noka e e dirang molelwane gareng ga mafatshe a [[Malawi]] le kgaolo ya Songwe kwa [[Tanzania]]. Kgaolo ya Songwe kwa Tanzania e reeletswe ka leina la noka e. Lefelo la Songwe le kwa molelwaneng o o kopanyang mafatshe a Malawi, Tanzania, le [[Zambia]]. E elela kwa borwa-botlhaba go tshela kwa letsheng la Nyasa. Motsamao wa yone kwa gare o kgaoganya dithaba tsa Malawi tsa Misuku mo go tsa Umalia kwa kgaolong ya songwe kwa Tanzania. Kwa tlase e elela go ralala kgampu ya Kyela, lefelo le le nonneng mmu wa temo kwa bokone-bophirima jwa letsha la Malawi mokgatsha wa East African Rift. Kgampu ya Kyela e lemilwe raese le dijalo tse dingwe.<ref>Racaud, Sylvain, and Francois Bart (2017). ''Rural-Urban Dynamics in the East African Mountains''. Mkuki na Nyota Publishers, 2017.</ref> == Metswedi == 2y03ilwd1pfghj47lviytpnlnsf2nk7 0 14014 51453 2026-06-24T13:54:54Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Nyaguo 51453 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Nyaguo''' ke letsha la kwa Uganda mo [[kgaolong ya Pallisa]] e e leng kwa botlhaba jwa [[Uganda]]. Ke lengwe la matsha a a mo letsheng la Kyoga.<ref>[https://ug.geoview.info/lake_nyaguo,227526 "Lake Nyaguo lake, Eastern Region, Uganda"]. ''ug.geoview.info''. Retrieved 2024-06-19.</ref><ref>[https://freshwaterbiodiversity.go.ug/water_body/?name=Lake%20Nyaguo "Uganda freshwater biodiversity portal".] ''freshwaterbiodiversity.go.ug''. Retrieved 2024-06-19.</ref> Letsha la Nyaguo ke lefelo le le sireleditsweng koo ditiro tse di jaaka go tshwara ditlhapi di thibetsweng go sireletsa mefuta ya ditlhapi mo letsheng.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/pallisa-ngora-leaders-suspend-fishing-on-lake-nyaguo-over-fishing-gear-1798766 "Pallisa, Ngora leaders suspend fishing on Lake Nyaguo over fishing gear".] ''Monitor''. 2020-09-28. Retrieved 2024-06-19.</ref><ref>[https://www.rainforesttrust.org/urgent-projects/safeguarding-a-global-freshwater-fish-hotspot/ "Safeguarding a Global Freshwater Fish Hotspot".] ''Rainforest Trust''. Retrieved 2024-06-19.</ref><ref>[https://fishbrain.com/fishing-waters/Gr5ovx88/lake-nyaguo "ᐅ Lake Nyaguo fishing reports🎣• Eastern Region, Uganda fishing".] ''Fishbrain''. Retrieved 2024-06-19.</ref> Bogodimo jwa yone go feta bogodimo jwa lewatle bo fopholediwa go nna dimetara di le sekete,masome a mane le boraro. <ref>[https://ug.geoview.info/lake_nyaguo,227526 "Lake Nyaguo lake, Eastern Region, Uganda".] ''ug.geoview.info''. Retrieved 2024-06-19.</ref> Letsha le dira jaaka lefelo la ditshedi tsa ditlhapi le dinonyane tse di leng mo kotsing ya go nyelela.<ref>https://www.rainforesttrust.org/urgent-projects/safeguarding-a-global-freshwater-fish-hotspot/</ref> == Metswedi == 8yadp91vorv873watqoq6g7deb0r9xe 0 14015 51455 2026-06-24T14:11:36Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Nyamusingire 51455 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Nyamusingire''', gape le itsiwe jaaka '''Letsha la Nyamisigeri,''' ke letsha la crater kwa [[Bophirima jwa Uganda,]] [[Kgaolo ya Rubirizi]]. Letsha leno le na le dimela le diphologolo tse di kgatlhang bajanala. <ref name=":0">nikita (11 January 2023). [https://www.gorillasugandasafaris.com/africa-adventure-safaris/crater-lakes-of-queen-elizabeth-national-park/ "Crater Lakes of Queen Elizabeth National Park-GorillaLand Safaris".] ''Gorillas Uganda Safaris''. Retrieved 20 June 2024.</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.insidequeenelizabethnationalpark.com/lake-nyamusingire.html "Lake Nyamusingire Queen Elizabeth National Park".] ''Inside Queen Elizabeth National Park''. Retrieved 20 June 2024.</ref><ref>[http://www.geonames.org/227386/lake-nyamusingire.html "Lake Nyamusingire"]. ''GeoNames''. Retrieved 20 June 2024</ref> == Lefelo le a neng a nna kwa go lone == Letsha la Nyamusingire le kwa Kgaolong ya Rubirizi kwa bophirima jwa Uganda, gaufi le dikarolo tse dingwe tsa letsha la khuti mo kgaolong ya [[Bunyaruguru]]. Bajanala bangwe ba tlhalosa letsha leno jaaka le le gaufi le metse ya Chekoba le Nyakiyanja le mo lefelong la [[Queen Elizabeth National Park]]. 6] == Thutafatshe le go bopega ga yone == Bophirima jwa Uganda bo na le dikhuti tse dintsi tsa lekgwamolelo, tse bontsi jwa tsone di neng tsa tlala metsi go bopa matsha a dikhuti. <ref>[https://asbatlibrary.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/405ad492-a04b-46af-af43-a62f246ed9eb-VULCANICITY%20IN%20EAST%20AFRICA.pdf "Vulcanicity in East Africa"] (PDF). ''ASBAT Library (S3)''. Retrieved 19 December 2025</ref> UWA e tlhalosa Letsha la Nyamusingire jaaka lefelo le le bopilweng ke matsha a le mararo a a golaganeng a crater. <ref>https://ugandawildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/QENP-2018-4.pdf</ref> == Dikarolo tsa mmele == Dithuto tsa kgogolego ya digase tsa selegae go tswa mo metsing a selegae a Aforika di tlhalosa Letsha la Nyamusingire jaaka letsha le lennye, le le seng boteng (mo e ka nnang 3.84 km2, mo e ka nnang botebo jwa 3 m) le le nang le thulaganyo ya go tswakanya ya polymictic le maemo a eutrophic. <ref name=":0" />GeoNames e tlhalosa letsha le le bogodimo jwa 1010 m ka godimo ga lewatle.<ref name=":1" /> == Tikologo == UWA e bolela fa letsha la Nyamusingire e le lefelo la botshelo la African finfoot (Podica senegalensis).[ Sekgwa se se dikologileng sa Maramagambo se tshegetsa dinonyane tsa sekgwa le di-primate mo maetong a a eteletsweng pele a a akaretsang letsha le mafelo a a gaufi jaaka Bat Cave le Blue Lake. == Metswedi == q0ok6f26kgh0mvpop69nep53q0j5ty7 0 14016 51456 2026-06-24T14:14:39Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Chiloango #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Chiloango|river_name=Noka ya Kakongo, Noka ya Louango, Noka ya Shiloango, Noka ya Rio Hi|image_name=Shiloango OSM.png|caption=Kgampu ya noka ya Chiloango|basin_countries=[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] [[Republic of the Congo]] [[Angola]]|mouth=Lewatle la Atlantic|location=gaufi le Caconga, kwa Angola}} '''Noka ya Chiloango'''<ref>[https://geonames.nga.mil/geon-ags/rest/services/RESEARCH/GIS_OUTPUT/MapServer/0/query?outfields=*&where=full_name%3D+%27Chiloango+River%27 Chiloango River (Variant]) at [[:en:GEOnet_Names_Server|GEOnet Names Server]], [[:en:National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref> (ka teme ya sePotokisi: '''Rio Chiluango'''<ref>[https://geonames.nga.mil/geon-ags/rest/services/RESEARCH/GIS_OUTPUT/MapServer/0/query?outfields=*&where=full_name%3D+%27Chiluango%27 Chiluango, Rio (Approved - Angola)] at [[:en:GEOnet_Names_Server|GEOnet Names Server]], [[:en:National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref>, e itsege gape ka leina la '''noka ya Kakongo'''<ref>[https://geonames.nga.mil/geon-ags/rest/services/RESEARCH/GIS_OUTPUT/MapServer/0/query?outfields=*&where=full_name%3D+%27Kakongo+River%27 Kakongo River (Variant)] at [[:en:GEOnet_Names_Server|GEOnet Names Server]], [[:en:National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref>, '''Louango'''<ref>[https://geonames.nga.mil/geon-ags/rest/services/RESEARCH/GIS_OUTPUT/MapServer/0/query?outfields=*&where=full_name%3D+%27Louango%27 Louango (Approved - Congo, Republic of the)] at [[:en:GEOnet_Names_Server|GEOnet Names Server,]] [[:en:National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref>, '''Shiloango'''<ref>[https://geonames.nga.mil/geon-ags/rest/services/RESEARCH/GIS_OUTPUT/MapServer/0/query?outfields=*&where=full_name%3D+%27Shiloango%27 Shiloango (Approved - Congo, Democratic Republic of the)] at [[:en:GEOnet_Names_Server|GEOnet Names Server]], [[:en:National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref> le '''Rio Hi'''<ref>[https://geonames.nga.mil/geon-ags/rest/services/RESEARCH/GIS_OUTPUT/MapServer/0/query?outfields=*&where=full_name%3D+%27Hi%27 Hi, Rio (Variant)] at [[:en:GEOnet_Names_Server|GEOnet Names Server,]] [[:en:National_Geospatial-Intelligence_Agency|United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]]</ref>) ke noka e e kwa bophirima jwa legare la [[Aferika|Aforika]]. E dira bontlha jo bo kwa bophirima jwa molelwane gareng ga [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] le [[Republic of the Congo]], e dira gape sephatlho sa molelwane gareng ga DRC le Cabinda, [[Angola]],<ref>''[https://law.fsu.edu/library/collection/limitsinseas/IBS105.pdf International Boundary Study No. 105 – October 15, 1970: Angola (Cabinda) – Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) Boundary]'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20110607183924/http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/limitsinseas/IBS105.pdf Archived] June 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine The Geographer, Office of the Geographer, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, U.S. State Department, Washington, D.C.</ref> e feta kwa borwa jwa toropo ya Necuto. Noka e kgaoganya Cabinda ka bogare, se se e dira noka ee botlhokwa thata kwa kgaolong eo.<ref>Frenken, Karen (1997) ''Irrigation potential in Africa: A basin approach'' (FAO Land and Water Bulletin 4) [[:en:Food_and_Agriculture_Organization|Land and Water Development Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome]]. Italy, www.fao.org [https://www.fao.org/4/W4347E/w4347e0w.htm "Table 71 Rivers and discharges"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20121011024615/http://www.fao.org/docrep/W4347E/w4347e0w.htm Archived] 2012-10-11 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]], ISBN 92-5-103966-6</ref> E tsena kwa lewatleng la Atlantic kwa bokone jwa toropo ya Concongo.<ref>National Geographic Atlas of the World: Revised Sixth Edition, [[:en:National_Geographic_Society|National Geographic Society,]] 1992</ref><ref>United States. Hydrographic Office (1916) ''Africa Pilot: The southewest coast of Africa from Cape Palmas to the Cape of Good Hope, including the islands of St. Helena, Ascension, Tristan da Cunha, and neighboring islands'' Hydrographic Office, Washington, D.C., volume 1, [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=9tINAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA346&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false page 346] OCLC [https://search.worldcat.org/title/62355097 62355097]</ref> == Metswedi == bdzte14hh9xr16af5bec7w093vpve7d 0 14017 51457 2026-06-24T14:17:24Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Rwizongo 51457 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Rwizongo''' ke letsha la kwa Uganda le le kwa [[dithabeng tsa Rwenzori]]. <ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/travel/mystical-52-crater-lakes-valley-of-the-dead-of-bunyaruguru-1655932 "Mystical 52 crater lakes, valley of the dead of Bunyaruguru".] ''Monitor''. 2021-01-05. Retrieved 2024-06-18.</ref><ref>safaris, ganyana (2022-04-01). [https://www.ganyanasafaris.com/blog/crater-lakes-in-uganda/ "CRATER LAKES IN UGANDA".] Ganyana Safaris Uganda. Retrieved 2024-06-18.</ref> Letsha leno ke lengwe la matsha a le mmalwa a a fitlhelwang mo Dithabeng tsa Rwenzori mme a akaretsa Letsha la Nkuruba, Letsha la Nyabikere, gareng ga a mangwe. <ref name=":0">polly (2024-05-17). [https://www.murchisonfallsparkuganda.com/information/discover-uganda-crater-lakes/ "Discover Uganda Crater Lakes | Uganda Safaris | Uganda Tours".] Retrieved 2024-06-18.</ref><ref>[https://www.explorerwandatours.com/travel-blog/exploring-ugandas-crater-lakes.html "Exploring Uganda's Crater Lakes | Uganda Safaris | Uganda Tours".] ''Explore Rwanda Tours''. 2024-02-06. Retrieved 2024-06-18.</ref> == Lefelo == Letsha la Rwizongo le kwa latitude 0°16'15.90"S le longitude 30°5'20.40"E.<ref>Machado-Schiaffino, Gonzalo; Kautt, Andreas F.; Kusche, Henrik; Meyer, Axel (2015). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4322459''BMC Evolutionary Biology''. '''15''' (1): 9. Bibcode:2015BMCEE..15....9M. doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0287-3. PMC 4322459. <nowiki>PMID 25648727</nowiki>.</ref> == Dimela le diphologolo == Dimela le diphologolo tse di dikologileng Letsha la Rwizongo di akaretsa di-hippopotamus, mefuta ya dinonyane le dimela tse di nang le dimela tse ditala tsa savannah. <ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == rfxhl7jiynu96q8n84xnd4ghtnjtfpt 0 14018 51458 2026-06-24T14:24:56Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETSHA LA SAKA 51458 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Saka.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Saka mo Kgaolong ya Kabarole.]] '''Letsha la Saka''' ke letsha la kwa Uganda le le fitlhelwang kwa kgaolong ya Kabarole, kwa bophirima jwa Uganda. E bogodimo jwa dimetara tse sekete,makgolo a matlhano le masome a robabongwe le bongwe<ref>[https://www.insidekibaleforestnationalpark.com/lake-saka-kibale.html "Lake Saka Kbale, Visit Lake Saka in KIbale Forest, Saka Lake"]. ''Inside Kibale Forest National Park''. Retrieved 2024-06-21.</ref> Letsha le dira jaaka lefelo la bojanala la go lebelela dinonyane le ditiro tse dingwe tsa boitapoloso. <ref>muzungu, the (2019-10-06). [https://www.muzungubloguganda.com/conservation/lake-saka-birdwatching-with-roger-skeen/ "Billing and cooing around Lake Saka, Fort Portal".] ''Diary of a Muzungu''. Retrieved 2024-06-21.</ref><ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/homes-and-property/saka-perfect-place-to-invest-in-student-accommodation-1861586 "Saka: Perfect place to invest in student accommodation"]. Monitor. 2021-01-07. Retrieved 2024-06-21.</ref><ref>[https://www.muzungubloguganda.com/bwg_gallery/birdwatching-at-lake-saka-and-lake-bikere-near-fort-portal/ "Birdwatching at Lake Saka and Lake Bikere near Fort Portal".] ''Diary of a Muzungu''. 2021-02-23. Retrieved 2024-06-21.</ref>Letsha la Saka ke lengwe la matsha a mo kgaolong ya Kabarole le le mo dithabeng tsa Rwenzori.<ref>[https://www.atacama.co.ug/ "Atacama Consulting"]. ''Atacama Consulting''. Retrieved 2024-06-21.</ref> == Lefelo == Letsha la Saka le kwa kgaolong ya Kabarole kwa bophirima jwa Uganda kwa Latitude<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latitude</ref> 0°42'0" N le Longitude 30°13'60" E. == Metswedi == g4xalfddabvkwzyzqiurxceckf66qll 0 14019 51460 2026-06-24T15:59:47Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA MYUMBA YA MUNGU 51460 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Nyumba ya Mungu Reservoir + Kilimandscharo.jpg|thumb|Letamo la Nyumba ya Mungu]] '''Nyumba ya letamo la Mungu''' ke letamo la motlakase wa metsi le le leng kwa Mwanga District, kwa kgaolong ya Kilimanjaro. E ne ya agiwa kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo sekete , makgolo a robaongwe le masome a marataro (1960) mme ke metsi a magolo a a itiretsweng a a mo kgaolong ya Kilimanjaro. Matamo a Nyumba ya Mungu. Letamo leno le kgaogantswe le kgaolo ya Moshi ya Kgaolo ya Kilimanjaro le kgaolo ya Simanjiro ya Kgaolo ya Manyara. Nyumba ya Mungu e raya 'Ntlo ya Modimo'.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201206180829.html "Is 'Nyumba-Ya-Mungu' Dam No Longer the 'House of God?'".] Tanzania Daily News. AllAfrica. 18 June 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2015</ref>Bokgoni jwa yone jo bo tsentsweng ke borobabobedi (8 megawatts (11,000 hp). <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180205184705/http://www.tanesco.co.tz/index.php/pangani-hydro-system "Pangani Hydro Systems"]. ''Tanzania Electric Supply Company''. Archived from the original on 5 February 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2015.</ref> == Kakaretso == === Letamo === Nyumba ya Mungu ke letsha le le dirilweng ke motho mo kgaolong ya Kilimanjaro. Letamo leno le kwa Mokgatšheng wa Noka ya Pangani wa Masai Steppe, dikilometara di ka nna masome a matlhano kwa borwa jwa Moshi. E fepiwa ke dinoka tse pedi tse dikgolo, dinoka tsa Kikuletwa le Ruvu tse di nosetsang dikilometara tse di sekwere di le dikete tse supa le makgolo a matlhano tsa lefelo le le nang le bojang jo bo nang le ditlhare, sekgwa, sekaka sa mmatota le sekaka sa thaba.<ref>IUCN WATER AND NATURE INITIATIVE / PANGANI BASIN WATER BOARD (January 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304080319/https://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/hydroelectric_power_modelling_1.pdf Hydroelectric Power Modelling Study. Pangani River Basin Flow Assessment] (PDF) (Report). Pangani Basin Water Board, Moshi and IUCN Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Programme. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 July 2015.</ref> E ne ya agiwa ka boikaelelo jwa go nosetsa, go fetlha motlakase ka metsi le go simolola kgwebo ya go tshwara ditlhapi mo lefelong leo. Letamo leno le ne la wediwa go agiwa ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole sekete ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano (1965) le fa go ntse jalo, thulaganyo ya go nosetsa e ne e ise e dirwe. Thulaganyo e ne e le go aga letamo le le neng le tla thusa go boloka metsi a morwalela, le le neng le tla letla go tlhabolola diheketara di le dikete tse masome a mararo tsa temo e e nosediwang le go tlhagisa motlakase. <ref name=":0">Denny, Patrick (14 January 2008). "Nyumba ya Mungu reservoir, Tanzania: The general features". ''Biological Journal of the Linnean Society''. '''10''' (1): 5–28. doi:[[doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1978.tb00002.x|10.1111/j.1095-8312.1978.tb00002.x.]]</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa (1970) letsha leno le ne le na le ditlhapi tse dintsi tsa Tilapia. Le fa go ntse jalo, se ga se a ka sa tsaya lobaka lo loleele mme dipegelo tse di latelang tsa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a le mabedi (1972) le ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a le mararo (1973) di bontshitse go fokotsega go gogolo ga ditlhapi.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == lubcwzeppm90uhcud24rf658ubhfm3d 0 14020 51461 2026-06-24T16:25:57Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA NANGBETO 51461 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letamo la Nangbeto''' ke letamo le le mo nokeng ya Mono mo kgaolong ya Plateaux kwa lefatsheng la Togo. E ne ya agiwa magareng ga ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobbedi le bone (1984) le ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobbedi le bosupa (1987) ka maikaelelo a go tlamela Togo le Benin ka maatla a motlakase wa metsi mmogo le go dira gore go nne le ditlhapi le go tlamela ka metsi a go nosetsa. Seteišene sa motlakase sa matamo a a nang le maatla a dimekawate di le 65,6 (di-hp di le 88 000) se ne sa tsenngwa mo tirong ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobbedi le bosupa (1987). Porojeke e ne ya duelelwa ke Banka ya Lefatshe le Banka ya Tlhabololo ya Aforika ka tlhwatlhwa ya US$98.22 million.<ref>[http://globalenergyobservatory.org/geoid/42585 "Nangbeto Hydroelectric Power Plant Togo"]. Global Energy Observatory. Retrieved 25 March 2014.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140325221124/http://www.climate-eval.org/sites/default/files/evaluations/213%20Benin%20Togo%20Nangbeto%20Hydroelectric%20Dam.pdf "Nangbeto Hydroelectric Dam Project"] (PDF). African Development Bank. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2014.</ref><ref>[http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090719000622/http://www.industcards.com/hydro%2Dafrica%2Dw.htm "Hydroelectric Power Plants in West Africa"]. Indust Cards. Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved 25 March 2014.</ref> Maitlhomo a letamo e ne e le go kgotsofatsa ditlhokego tsa motlakase tsa Benin le Togo mo pakeng e e fa gare, le go tlamela ka metsi a mantsi a a bolokilweng, a a kana ka 1.7 billion cubic meters. Go ne go solofetswe gore ditone di le sekete go ya go di le sekete le makgolo a matlhano tsa ditlhapi di tla tlhagisiwa ngwaga le ngwaga le gore diheketara di le dikete tse makgolo a mane le boraro (43 000) tsa lefatshe di tla nosetswa. <ref name=":0">[http://www.afdb.org/en/documents/document/multinational-nangbeto-hydroelectric-dam-benin-togo-9679/ "Multinational: Nangbeto Hydroelectric Dam (Benin/Togo)"]. African Development Bank Group. 15 January 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2016.</ref>Go tlhatlhobiwa ga porojeke eno dingwaga di le thataro moragonyana go ne ga bontsha gore porojeke eno e ne e weditswe ka nako e e neng e beilwe le ka tekanyetso e e neng e beilwe go ya ka maemo a a kgotsofatsang. Porojeke eno e ne e le sekao se se molemo sa tirisanommogo magareng ga dinaga tseno tse pedi. Maikaelelo a go tlhagisa motlakase a ne a fitlhelelwa mme leano la go godisa ditlhapi le ne le paletswe mme porojeke ya go nosetsa e ne e tswelela ka bonya go feta kafa go neng go lebeletswe ka teng. Le fa go ntse jalo, diphelelo tsa ntlha tsa go jala reisi mo lefatsheng le le nosediwang di ne di kgothatsa.<ref name=":0" /> Letamo la Nangbeto le tlamela ka karolo ya motlakase o o tlhokwang ke naga ya Togo mme le ka kgaupediwa fa metsi a le kwa tlase, mme seno se ka tsaya dikgwedi di le mmalwa. Ka ntlha ya se, letamo le lengwe mo Nokeng ya Mono kwa tlase ga noka kwa Adjaralla le ntse le agiwa, go simolola ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016). <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161121233158/http://www.unep.org/dams/documents/Default.asp?DocumentID=690 "Togo"]. United Nations Environment Programme: Dams and Development Project. Archived from the original on 21 November 2016. Retrieved 21 November 2016</ref>Thulaganyo ya ntshokuno ya ditlhapi e e amegang mo porojekeng eno le dintlha tse dingwe tsa tikologo di rulaganyeditswe mo kgatong ya pele ya tlhabololo ya yone. <ref name=":0" /> == Go baakanya == Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017), Communauté Electrique du Bénin, motsamaisi wa motlakase kwa Togo le Benin o ne a phasalatsa khamphane go dira tsosoloso ya seteišene sa motlakase se se neng se sa fetolwa thata fa e sale go simololwa kgwebo ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobbedi le bosupa (1987).<ref>African Energy Newsletter (23 November 2017). [https://www.africa-energy.com/article/benin-prequalification-bids-sought-nangbeto-rehabilitation "Benin: Prequalification bids sought for Nangbeto rehabilitation".] ''Africa-Energy.com''. Hastings, United Kingdom. Retrieved 10 May 2022.</ref> Voith Hydro, e leng motlhami wa kwa Jeremane e bile e le motlhami wa didirisiwa tsa motlakase le tsa motlakase, e ne ya tlhophiwa gore e baakanye le go tlhabolola diterekere tse pedi tsa motlakase tsa dimekawate di le 32,5. Rakonteraka o tla bereka ka jenereitara e le nngwe ka nako e le nngwe, gore a kgone go boloka maatla a a tswang mo turbineng e e sa baakanngweng/e e sa baakanngweng. Tiro e e solofetswe go tsaya lobaka go fitlha ka kotara ya bone ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022), mme e ja madi a le dimilione di le masome a mabedi le botlhano tsa didolara tsa Amerika.<ref>Jean Marie Takouleu (19 February 2019). [https://www.afrik21.africa/en/togo-voith-hydro-to-rehabilitate-nangbeto-hydroelectric-power-plant/ "Togo: Voith Hydro to rehabilitate Nangbeto hydroelectric power plant".] ''Afrik21.africa''. Paris, France. Retrieved 10 May 2022.</ref><ref>Hydro Review (13 February 2019). [https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/voith-wins-modernization-order-for-65-mw-nangbeto-hydropower-plant/#gref "Voith wins modernization order for 65-MW Nangbeto hydropower plant"]. ''HydroReview.com''. Retrieved 10 May 2022.</ref> == Metswedi == dg1vp4ev9ius4oi9ymi3gph53qewc6o 0 14021 51462 2026-06-24T16:36:54Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA KASSERINE 51462 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:BARRAGE DE KASSERINE.jpg|thumb]] '''Letamo la Kasserine''' e ne e le letamo la Roma kwa Kasserine (Cillium wa bogologolo), kwa lefatsheng la [[Tunisia|Tunisia.]] Kago e e obegileng e e simolotseng mo ngwagakgolong wa bobedi AD e tlhalosiwa ka go farologana jaaka letamo la kgogedi-kgogedi <ref>[[:en:Kasserine_Dam#CITEREFJamesChanson2002|James & Chanson 2002]]</ref>kgotsa letamo la kgogedi. <ref>[[:en:Kasserine_Dam#CITEREFSmith1971|Smith 1971]], pp. 35f.; Schnitter 1978, p. 30</ref> Letamo leno le ne le dirilwe ka mmu le matlotla a a neng a dikologilwe ke maje a a betlilweng. Sefatlhego se se kwa godimo ga noka se tlhamaletse, fa letlhakore le le kwa tlase ga noka lone le fologela kwa tlase ka dikgato di le thataro mme le bo le tswelela pele ka tsela e e tlhamaletseng ka dimetara di le 3,8. Bogolo jwa yone bo dira dimetara di le 4,9 mme boteng jwa yone bo dira dimetara di le 7,3.<ref>Jansen, Robert B. (1983). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=-wutb7CASBUC&pg=PA14 Dams and Public Safety]''. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation. p. 18. Retrieved Jan 31, 2021.</ref> == Metswedi == jvblf02notl6dd88faqxfvvi9sg7sro 0 14022 51463 2026-06-24T16:50:15Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA SIDI EL BARRAK 51463 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Barrage Sidi El Barraq.jpg|thumb|Senepe sa Barrage sidi ]] '''Letamo la Sidi El Barrak''' ke letamo le le dikologilweng ka lesome le borobabobedi (18 km (11 mi) bokone-botlhaba jwa Tabarka le 2 km (1 mi) go tswa kwa Lewatleng la Mediterranean mo nokeng ya Oued Zouara kwa Beja Governorate, [[Tunisia|Tunisia.]] E agilwe magareng ga ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabonge le masome a robabongwe le bone (1994) le wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi (2000), maikaelelo magolo a letamo ke go tlamela metsi.<ref>[http://www.hidrotehnika.rs/en/tunisie/sidi-el-barrak/ "Sidi el Barrak"]. Hidrotehnika-Hidroenergetika. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref>Jaaka karolo ya porojeke ya Sidi el Barrak Development, metsi a a bolokilweng mo lekadibeng a pompiwa go ya kwa lekadibeng la Seyjame, ka selekanyo sa 265,000,000 m3 (214,839 acre⋅ft) ngwaga le ngwaga. Metsi ano a romelwa kwa Tunis, Cap Bon le kwa Sahel go akaretsa le Sfax gore di dirisiwe ke masepala le mo temothuong. Porojeke yotlhe e weditswe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi (2002).<ref>[http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/ADB-BD-IF-2004-111-EN-TUNISIA-SIDI-EL-BARRAK-DAM-CONSTRUCTION-PCR-DEC.PDF "Sidi el Barrak Dam Completion Report"] (PDF). African Development Bank. November 2002. Retrieved 22 August 2011</ref> == Metswedi == 3z8gx1sszyo1c2d50waur3qmbh33f0j 0 14023 51464 2026-06-24T16:59:33Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETAMO LA SIDI SALEM 51464 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Barage sidi salem.JPG|thumb|Letamo la Sidi Salem]] '''Letamo la Sidi Salem''' ke letamo le le golo go gaisa mo lefatsheng la [[Tunisia]] le le leng dikilometara di le 6 (3.7 mi) bokone bophirima jwa Testour mo nokeng ya Medjerda mo Béja Governorate, kwa lefatsheng la [[Tunisia]]. E agilwe magareng ga ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a roabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa (1977) le ngwaga wa sekete ,makgolo a roabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bongwe (1981), matamo a a tlamela metsi a go nosetsa le go tshegetsa lefelo la motlakase la lesome le bobedi (12 megawatts (16,000 hp).<ref>[http://www.hidrotehnika.rs/en/tunisie/sidi-salem/ "Sidi Salem"]. Hidrotehnika-Hidroenergetika. Retrieved 22 August 2011.</ref> == Metswedi == t28dp20y70he6ng4x1rbha0o2otbx3m 0 14024 51465 2026-06-24T17:30:50Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETSHA LA TOKWE MUKOSI 51465 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Tokwe Mukosi''' kgotsa Mogorogoro wa Tugwi Mukosi<ref>Zimbabwe National Water Authority. [https://zinwa.co.zw/dam-levels/ "Dam Levels"]. ''Dam Levels''.</ref>ke letsha le le agilweng ka konkoreite mo Nokeng ya Tokwe, o o fa tlase ga noka ya Mukosi, dikhilometara di le 72 (45 mi) kwa borwa jwa Masvingo kwa metsaneng ya Masvingo, kwa lefatsheng la [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe.]]<ref>[http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/UNOSAT_TokweMukorsiDam_20140218.pdf "Update:Flood water over Tokwe Mukorsi Dam"] (PDF). ReliefWeb. Retrieved 25 February 2014.</ref>Ke 90.3 metres (296 ft) kwa godimo mme e dira 1,750,000,000 m3 (1,420,000 acre⋅ft) letamo, letamo le legolo go gaisa mo nageng. lefelo la motlakase la motlakase le na le maatla a a tsentsweng a dimekawate di le lesome le bobedi (12 (16,000 hp).<ref>[http://nehandaradio.com/2014/02/15/cheap-design-linked-problems-tokwe-mukosi/ "Cheap design linked to problems at Tokwe-Mukosi".] Nehanda Radio. 15 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014</ref> Go agiwa ga letamo leno go simolotse ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998) mme go ne ga emisiwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008). Salini Impregilo e simolotse go fetsa go aga letamo leno ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011). Merwalela e e maatla ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014) e bakile go palelwa go go rileng ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e thola bone , kwa ntlheng e e kwa tlase ya letamo.<ref>[http://digitaljournal.com/news/environment/water-gushes-over-crumbling-dam-wall-in-zimbabwe/article/369683 "Water gushes over crumbling dam wall in Zimbabwe".] Digital Journal. 9 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.</ref> <ref>[http://www.salini-impregilo.com/en/projects/in-progress/dams-hydroelectric-plants-hydraulic-works/tokwe-mukorsi-dam.html "Tokwe - Mukorsi Dam"]. Salini Impregilo. Retrieved 25 February 2014.</ref>Kwa bokhutlong jwa Tlhakole letamo le ne le ise le thubege ka botlalo, mme letamo le le neng le sa rulaganngwa le le neng le tlhatlogile kwa morago ga letamo le ne la dira gore batho ba fudugele kwa godimo ga noka. <ref>[http://www.digitaljournal.com/news/environment/update-tokwe-mukorsi-dam-in-zimbabwe/article/372939 "Update: Tokwe Mukorsi dam in Zimbabwe".] Digital Journal. 25 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.</ref>Batho ba ba fetang 20 000 ba ne ba ntshiwa mo lefelong leno.<ref>[http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2014-04-14-in-photos-the-aftermath-of-zimbabwes-tokwe-mukorsi-dam-disaster/#.VKVoZivF-So "In photos: The aftermath of Zimbabwe's Tokwe-Mukorsi dam disaster".] Daily Maverick. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2015</ref> Go agiwa ga letamo go ne ga emisiwa ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014) ka ntlha ya go tlhoka madi. Ka Motsheganong wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016) puso e ne ya ntshetsa Salini Impregilio<ref>[https://www.webuildgroup.com/en/projects/dams-hydroelectric-plants/tokwe-mukosi-dam "webuild"]. ''www.webuildgroup.com''. Retrieved 9 March 2023</ref> $35 million go kgontsha rakonteraka wa kwa Italy go tsweletsa tiro ya go aga e e neng ya emisiwa dingwaga tse pedi tse di fetileng ka ntlha ya mathata a dituelo. <ref>[https://www.zimbabwesituation.com/news/zimsit-m-tokwe-mukosi-dam-contractor-resumes-work-the-herald/ Tokwe-Mukosi Dam contractor resumes work]</ref>Letamo le ne la feleletsa le weditswe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016) mme la tsenngwa tirisong ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017).<ref>[https://www.tugwimukosidam.com/facts/ "Facts | Tugwi Mukosi Dam Frequently Asked Questions".] ''www.tugwimukosidam.com''. 9 September 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2023.</ref> == Metswedi == fypo5wu7t1ts0gaore0a1bgj8n4rplr 51530 51465 2026-06-25T08:23:55Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51530 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Tokwe Mukosi''' kgotsa Mogorogoro wa Tugwi Mukosi<ref>Zimbabwe National Water Authority. [https://zinwa.co.zw/dam-levels/ "Dam Levels"]. ''Dam Levels''.</ref>ke letsha le le agilweng ka konkoreite mo Nokeng ya Tokwe, o o fa tlase ga noka ya Mukosi, dikhilometara di le 72 (45 mi) kwa borwa jwa Masvingo kwa metsaneng ya Masvingo, kwa lefatsheng la [[Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe.]]<ref>[http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/UNOSAT_TokweMukorsiDam_20140218.pdf "Update:Flood water over Tokwe Mukorsi Dam"] (PDF). ReliefWeb. Retrieved 25 February 2014.</ref>Ke 90.3 metres (296 ft) kwa godimo mme e dira 1,750,000,000 m3 (1,420,000 acre⋅ft) letamo, letamo le legolo go gaisa mo nageng. lefelo la motlakase la motlakase le na le maatla a a tsentsweng a dimekawate di le lesome le bobedi (12 (16,000 hp).<ref>[http://nehandaradio.com/2014/02/15/cheap-design-linked-problems-tokwe-mukosi/ "Cheap design linked to problems at Tokwe-Mukosi".] Nehanda Radio. 15 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014</ref> Go agiwa ga letamo leno go simolotse ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998) mme go ne ga emisiwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008). Salini Impregilo e simolotse go fetsa go aga letamo leno ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bongwe (2011). Merwalela e e maatla ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014) e bakile go palelwa go go rileng ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e thola bone , kwa ntlheng e e kwa tlase ya letamo.<ref>[http://digitaljournal.com/news/environment/water-gushes-over-crumbling-dam-wall-in-zimbabwe/article/369683 "Water gushes over crumbling dam wall in Zimbabwe".] Digital Journal. 9 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160312103149/http://www.salini-impregilo.com/en/projects/in-progress/dams-hydroelectric-plants-hydraulic-works/tokwe-mukorsi-dam.html "Tokwe - Mukorsi Dam"]. Salini Impregilo. Retrieved 25 February 2014.</ref>Kwa bokhutlong jwa Tlhakole letamo le ne le ise le thubege ka botlalo, mme letamo le le neng le sa rulaganngwa le le neng le tlhatlogile kwa morago ga letamo le ne la dira gore batho ba fudugele kwa godimo ga noka. <ref>[http://www.digitaljournal.com/news/environment/update-tokwe-mukorsi-dam-in-zimbabwe/article/372939 "Update: Tokwe Mukorsi dam in Zimbabwe".] Digital Journal. 25 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.</ref>Batho ba ba fetang 20 000 ba ne ba ntshiwa mo lefelong leno.<ref>[http://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2014-04-14-in-photos-the-aftermath-of-zimbabwes-tokwe-mukorsi-dam-disaster/#.VKVoZivF-So "In photos: The aftermath of Zimbabwe's Tokwe-Mukorsi dam disaster".] Daily Maverick. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 1 January 2015</ref> Go agiwa ga letamo go ne ga emisiwa ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014) ka ntlha ya go tlhoka madi. Ka Motsheganong wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016) puso e ne ya ntshetsa Salini Impregilio<ref>[https://www.webuildgroup.com/en/projects/dams-hydroelectric-plants/tokwe-mukosi-dam "webuild"]. ''www.webuildgroup.com''. Retrieved 9 March 2023</ref> $35 million go kgontsha rakonteraka wa kwa Italy go tsweletsa tiro ya go aga e e neng ya emisiwa dingwaga tse pedi tse di fetileng ka ntlha ya mathata a dituelo. <ref>[https://www.zimbabwesituation.com/news/zimsit-m-tokwe-mukosi-dam-contractor-resumes-work-the-herald/ Tokwe-Mukosi Dam contractor resumes work]</ref>Letamo le ne la feleletsa le weditswe ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016) mme la tsenngwa tirisong ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017).<ref>[https://www.tugwimukosidam.com/facts/ "Facts | Tugwi Mukosi Dam Frequently Asked Questions".] ''www.tugwimukosidam.com''. 9 September 2022. Retrieved 9 March 2023.</ref> == Metswedi == b9vu0y9z4n5nmrpro9orexnfwcdrwl8 0 14025 51466 2026-06-24T18:18:14Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358468334|Bience Gawanas]]" 51466 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bience Philomina Gawanas''' ( yo o tsholetsweng ka 1956 ) ke mmueledi wa Mo-Namibia yo o kileng a dira jaaka Mogakolodi yo o Kgethegileng wa Aforika wa [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|Ditšhabakopano]] go simolola ka 2018 go ya go 2020 . Ke Mokanseliri wa Yunibesiti ya Warwick, kwa a ''tseneng kwa'' go yone kwa Boritane . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-14 |title=University of Warwick appoints former Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations Advocate Bience Gawanas as new Chancellor |url=https://warwick.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressreleases/?newsItem=8ac672c69288fa6001928b934be61d7b |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=News & Events |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == == Tiro == === Kwa tshimologong === === Tiro mo tirelong ya setšhaba === === Tiro kwa Lekgotleng la Ditshaba === === Yunibesithi ya Warwick === == Ditiro tse dingwe == == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Gawanas ke rakgadi wa lepolotiki [[Sade Gawanas]].<ref name="queen">{{Cite news|title=Ex-beauty queen seeks parly seat|last=Lunyangwe|first=Strauss|newspaper=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]|date=1 November 2019|url=https://neweralive.na/posts/ex-beauty-queen-seeks-parly-seat}}</ref> == Dietsele == Yunibesithi ya Kapa Bophirima e ne ya mo naya sekgele sa [[Ngaka ya Legum]] ''[[honoris causa]]'' kwa moletlong wa bone wa kalogo wa Lwetse 2012.<ref name="doctorate">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newera.com.na/articles/47907/Adv-Gawanas-honoured-with-Doctorate-in-Cape-Town|title=Adv Gawanas honoured with Doctorate in Cape Town|last1=Kambaekwa|first1=Carlos|date=24 September 2012|newspaper=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]}}</ref> Lefatshe la gagwe le ne la mo tlotla ka [[Most Brilliant Order of the Sun]], sa maemo a ntlha, ka ntlha ya tirelo ya gagwe e e tlhomologileng e e dirilweng kwa godimo ga tiro ya gagwe, ka sekgele seno ka Phatwe 2024 ke Tautona [[Nangolo Mbumba]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=President Mbumba confers national honours {{!}} nbc |url=https://www.nbcnews.na/node/107062 |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=www.nbcnews.na}}</ref> == Metswedi == 6vtz3ie1204ifqg6j9tf25z6ytv4myh 51467 51466 2026-06-24T18:37:12Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358468334|Bience Gawanas]]" 51467 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bience Philomina Gawanas''' (yo o tsholetsweng ka 1956 ) ke [[mmueledi wa Mo-Namibia]] yo o kileng a dira jaaka [[Mogakolodi yo o Kgethegileng]] wa Aforika wa [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|Lekgotla la Ditšhaba]] go simolola ka 2018 go ya go 2020. Ke Chancellor wa [[Yunibesiti ya Warwick]], e a ''tseneng kwa'' go yone kwa Boritane.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-14 |title=University of Warwick appoints former Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations Advocate Bience Gawanas as new Chancellor |url=https://warwick.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressreleases/?newsItem=8ac672c69288fa6001928b934be61d7b |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=News & Events |language=en-GB}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2002 go fitlha ka 2012 Gawanas o dirile jaaka [[Molaodi wa Merero ya Loago]] kwa [[Kokoanong ya Ditlhogo tsa Mafatshe le Dipuso tsa Kopano ya Aforika]]. O ne a le Molaodi mo Khomišeneng ya Tirelosetšhaba kwa Namibia go tloga ka 1991 go ya go 1996, le [[motshereganyi]] mo [[Pusong ya Namibia]] go tloga ka 1996 go ya go 2003. O ne a dira jaaka motlhatlheledi wa Molao wa Bong kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Namibia]], Mokaedi wa Boto ya [[banka e kgolo]] ya [[Bank of Namibia]] (banka e kgolo ya lefatshe leo). O ne a nna le seabe mo [[mekgatlhong e le mentsi e e seng ya puso]] go akaretsa le Mokwaledi-Mogolo wa [[Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Basadi wa Namibia]] le motshegetsi wa [[Mokgatlho wa Batho ba ba Nang le Bogole wa Namibia]]. Jaaka Modulasetilo wa [[Khomišene ya Phetolo le Tlhabololo ya Molao]], o ne a okametse go fetisiwa ga Molao wa Tekatekano ya Batho ba ba Nyalaneng. Khomišene e ne gape ya dira tiro e ntsi ka ga Melao ya Petelelo le melao e mengwe e e botlhokwa e e neng ya feleletsa e fetisitswe morago ga nako ya gagwe. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == == Tiro == === Kwa tshimologong === === Tiro mo tirelong ya setšhaba === === Tiro kwa Lekgotleng la Ditshaba === === Yunibesithi ya Warwick === == Ditiro tse dingwe == == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Gawanas ke rakgadi wa lepolotiki [[Sade Gawanas]].<ref name="queen">{{Cite news|title=Ex-beauty queen seeks parly seat|last=Lunyangwe|first=Strauss|newspaper=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]|date=1 November 2019|url=https://neweralive.na/posts/ex-beauty-queen-seeks-parly-seat}}</ref> == Dietsele == Yunibesithi ya Kapa Bophirima e ne ya mo naya sekgele sa [[Ngaka ya Legum]] ''[[honoris causa]]'' kwa moletlong wa bone wa kalogo wa Lwetse 2012.<ref name="doctorate">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newera.com.na/articles/47907/Adv-Gawanas-honoured-with-Doctorate-in-Cape-Town|title=Adv Gawanas honoured with Doctorate in Cape Town|last1=Kambaekwa|first1=Carlos|date=24 September 2012|newspaper=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]}}</ref> Lefatshe la gagwe le ne la mo tlotla ka [[Most Brilliant Order of the Sun]], sa maemo a ntlha, ka ntlha ya tirelo ya gagwe e e tlhomologileng e e dirilweng kwa godimo ga tiro ya gagwe, ka sekgele seno ka Phatwe 2024 ke Tautona [[Nangolo Mbumba]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=President Mbumba confers national honours {{!}} nbc |url=https://www.nbcnews.na/node/107062 |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=www.nbcnews.na}}</ref> == Metswedi == 7bsdczy6emhujdhk2wc3vwnvr7f8c6m 51468 51467 2026-06-24T18:47:04Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358468334|Bience Gawanas]]" 51468 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bience Philomina Gawanas''' (yo o tsholetsweng ka 1956 ) ke [[mmueledi wa Mo-Namibia]] yo o kileng a dira jaaka [[Mogakolodi yo o Kgethegileng]] wa Aforika wa [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|Lekgotla la Ditšhaba]] go simolola ka 2018 go ya go 2020. Ke Chancellor wa [[Yunibesiti ya Warwick]], e a ''tseneng kwa'' go yone kwa Boritane.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-14 |title=University of Warwick appoints former Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations Advocate Bience Gawanas as new Chancellor |url=https://warwick.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressreleases/?newsItem=8ac672c69288fa6001928b934be61d7b |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=News & Events |language=en-GB}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2002 go fitlha ka 2012 Gawanas o dirile jaaka [[Molaodi wa Merero ya Loago]] kwa [[Kokoanong ya Ditlhogo tsa Mafatshe le Dipuso tsa Kopano ya Aforika]]. O ne a le Molaodi mo Khomišeneng ya Tirelosetšhaba kwa Namibia go tloga ka 1991 go ya go 1996, le [[motshereganyi]] mo [[Pusong ya Namibia]] go tloga ka 1996 go ya go 2003. O ne a dira jaaka motlhatlheledi wa Molao wa Bong kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Namibia]], Mokaedi wa Boto ya [[banka e kgolo]] ya [[Bank of Namibia]] (banka e kgolo ya lefatshe leo). O ne a nna le seabe mo [[mekgatlhong e le mentsi e e seng ya puso]] go akaretsa le Mokwaledi-Mogolo wa [[Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Basadi wa Namibia]] le motshegetsi wa [[Mokgatlho wa Batho ba ba Nang le Bogole wa Namibia]]. Jaaka Modulasetilo wa [[Khomišene ya Phetolo le Tlhabololo ya Molao]], o ne a okametse go fetisiwa ga Molao wa Tekatekano ya Batho ba ba Nyalaneng. Khomišene e ne gape ya dira tiro e ntsi ka ga Melao ya Petelelo le melao e mengwe e e botlhokwa e e neng ya feleletsa e fetisitswe morago ga nako ya gagwe. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Bience ke morwadia Philemon Gawanab le Hilde Rheiss.<ref name="man">{{Cite news|url=http://namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=38622|last1=Gawanab|first1=Lucky|last2=Minney|first2=Tom|title=Philemon Gawanab, Khomas man|newspaper=[[The Namibian]]|date=12 October 2007|access-date=13 November 2015}}</ref> O tsene sekolo se segolwane kwa sekolong sa Roma sa St Theresa kwa [[Tses]], kwa [[Kgaolong ya ǁKaras]], kwa lefelong le ka nako eo e neng e le [[Aforika Borwa Bophirima]], ka nako ya fa sekolo seno se ne se simolola go nna le sepolotiki thata. Go tswa kwa Tses o ne a ya kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Kapa Bophirima]] (UWC) kwa [[Cape Town]], [[Aforika Borwa]], go ya go ithutela molao; Batshegetsi ba Roma ba ne ba mo thusa go emelana le kgatelelo ya badiredibagolo [[Tlhaolele|ba tlhaolele]] gore a fetole tiro ya gagwe go tswa mo go tsa molao go ya kwa booking. O ne a lelekwa kwa UWC morago ga [[dikhuduego tsa kwa Soweto]] ka 1976.<ref name="doctorate">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newera.com.na/articles/47907/Adv-Gawanas-honoured-with-Doctorate-in-Cape-Town|title=Adv Gawanas honoured with Doctorate in Cape Town|last1=Kambaekwa|first1=Carlos|date=24 September 2012|newspaper=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]}}<cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-unfit" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKambaekwa2012">Kambaekwa, Carlos (24 September 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120927081540/http://www.newera.com.na/articles/47907/Adv-Gawanas-honoured-with-Doctorate-in-Cape-Town "Adv Gawanas honoured with Doctorate in Cape Town"]. ''[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]''. Archived from the original on 27 September 2012.</cite> [[Category:CS1: unfit URL]]</ref> Fa a sena go lelekwa o ne a boela kwa Namibia, a nna leloko la [[SWAPO Youth League]], mme a bereka e le morutabana. Morago ga moo o ne a ya lejwa mme a nna kwa [[Zambia]], [[Angola]] le [[Cuba]]. Ka 1981 [[Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Badiri]] o ne wa mo tshegetsa ka madi gore a nne moithuti kwa ntlokgolong ya bone mme morago ga moo a ya kwa thutong [[ya molao wa badiri]]. O ne a fudugela kwa United Kingdom go ya go dira digerata ya gagwe ya molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Warwick]], e e neng e tshegediwa ka madi ke Letlole la Thuto la Aforika. O ne a aloga ka 1987 mme a tshwanelega go [[nna mmueledi]] kwa [[Lincoln's Inn]], kwa Lontone mo ngwageng o o latelang.<ref name="doctorate">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newera.com.na/articles/47907/Adv-Gawanas-honoured-with-Doctorate-in-Cape-Town|title=Adv Gawanas honoured with Doctorate in Cape Town|last=Kambaekwa|first=Carlos|date=24 September 2012|work=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927081540/http://www.newera.com.na/articles/47907/Adv-Gawanas-honoured-with-Doctorate-in-Cape-Town|archivedate=27 September 2012}}<cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-unfit" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKambaekwa2012">Kambaekwa, Carlos (24 September 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120927081540/http://www.newera.com.na/articles/47907/Adv-Gawanas-honoured-with-Doctorate-in-Cape-Town "Adv Gawanas honoured with Doctorate in Cape Town"]. ''[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]''. Archived from the original on 27 September 2012.</cite> [[Category:CS1: unfit URL]]</ref> Namibia e ne [[Ntwa ya molelwane wa Aforika Borwa|e gapilwe ke Aforika Borwa e se ka fa molaong]] go fitlha ka 1990. "Fa ke ne ke swetsa go ithutela molao, motlhatlhobi wa dikolo tsa basweu o ne a mpolelela gore jaaka ngwana yo montsho botlhale jwa me bo ne bo le kwa tlase ga jwa ngwana wa mosweu le gore gongwe molao o ne o sa direlwa nna," o ne a raya mongwe yo o neng a mo botsolotsa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=5611|title=Lawyer signals ascent of Africa's modernisers|work=The Namibian|access-date=2017-09-08|language=en}}</ref> "Gompieno ke mmueledi mme ke supile gore botlhale ga bo amane ka gope le mmala wa motho." Kgatlhego ya ga Gawanas mo molaong e ne ya tsoga morago ga gore morwarraagwe yo mogolo yo o rategang Jeka a tsewe ke basweu mme a itewa go fitlha a swa fa a ne a tsamaya ka dikoloi, mme mapodisi a swetsa gore ke "kotsi ya tsela".<ref name="man">{{Cite news|url=http://namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=38622|last1=Gawanab|first1=Lucky|last2=Minney|first2=Tom|title=Philemon Gawanab, Khomas man|newspaper=[[The Namibian]]|date=12 October 2007|access-date=13 November 2015}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGawanabMinney2007">Gawanab, Lucky; Minney, Tom (12 October 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909005956/https://namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=38622 "Philemon Gawanab, Khomas man"]. ''[[The Namibian]]''. Archived from [http://namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=38622 the original] on 9 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> Katiso ya gagwe e e mosola e ne e akaretsa go dira le Lord [[Tony Gifford]] mo dikgetseng tsa ditshwanelo tsa batho tse di jaaka boikuelo jwa "[[Birmingham Six]]" jwa batho ba go neng go twe ba thuntshitse dibomo ba moragonyana ba neng ba gololwa mo molatong. Mo nakong yotlhe ya go ya lejwa ga gagwe, Gawanas o ne a tswelela ka letsholo la gore Namibia e gololesege go tswa mo pusong ya Aforika Borwa. Ka 1988 o ne a ya kwa Zambia go etela morwadie mme a tshwarwa ke [[SWAPO]], e leng mokgatlho o a neng a o ema nokeng mo nakong e e fetileng. Mo pakeng e telele mokgatlho o ne wa tshwara diketekete tsa batho ba Namibia jaaka karolo ya "go tshosa batsayaditlholwa". Ditatofatso tseno ga di ise di ko di supiwe le fa a [[ne a tswaletswe a le esi]] le go bogisiwa dikgwedi di le dintsi. Moragonyana Gawanas o ne a nna mongwe wa batho ba ntlha ba Namibia go boa ba tshela go tswa kwa [[Lubango dungeons|dikgolegelong tsa Lubango]], kwa Angola Borwa, ka 1989, dikgwedi di le mmalwa pele ga bagolegwa ba bangwe ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba sa ntse ba tshela ba gololwa. Ka July 1989, ene le morwadie ba ne ba busediwa kwa gae ke [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|lekgotla la Ditšhaba]] mme ba ne ba boetse mo mmung wa Namibia. == Tiro == === Kwa tshimologong === === Tiro mo tirelong ya setšhaba === === Tiro kwa Lekgotleng la Ditshaba === === Yunibesithi ya Warwick === == Ditiro tse dingwe == == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Gawanas ke rakgadi wa lepolotiki [[Sade Gawanas]].<ref name="queen">{{Cite news|title=Ex-beauty queen seeks parly seat|last=Lunyangwe|first=Strauss|newspaper=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]|date=1 November 2019|url=https://neweralive.na/posts/ex-beauty-queen-seeks-parly-seat}}</ref> == Dietsele == Yunibesithi ya Kapa Bophirima e ne ya mo naya sekgele sa [[Ngaka ya Legum]] ''[[honoris causa]]'' kwa moletlong wa bone wa kalogo wa Lwetse 2012.<ref name="doctorate">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newera.com.na/articles/47907/Adv-Gawanas-honoured-with-Doctorate-in-Cape-Town|title=Adv Gawanas honoured with Doctorate in Cape Town|last1=Kambaekwa|first1=Carlos|date=24 September 2012|newspaper=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]}}</ref> Lefatshe la gagwe le ne la mo tlotla ka [[Most Brilliant Order of the Sun]], sa maemo a ntlha, ka ntlha ya tirelo ya gagwe e e tlhomologileng e e dirilweng kwa godimo ga tiro ya gagwe, ka sekgele seno ka Phatwe 2024 ke Tautona [[Nangolo Mbumba]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=President Mbumba confers national honours {{!}} nbc |url=https://www.nbcnews.na/node/107062 |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=www.nbcnews.na}}</ref> == Metswedi == nm1wev2uffpo1lwdxty7pa0tq2eb9rp 51469 51468 2026-06-24T18:55:26Z KatieKea 10150 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358468334|Bience Gawanas]]" 51469 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bience Philomina Gawanas''' (yo o tsholetsweng ka 1956 ) ke [[mmueledi wa Mo-Namibia]] yo o kileng a dira jaaka [[Mogakolodi yo o Kgethegileng]] wa Aforika wa [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|Lekgotla la Ditšhaba]] go simolola ka 2018 go ya go 2020. Ke Chancellor wa [[Yunibesiti ya Warwick]], e a ''tseneng kwa'' go yone kwa Boritane.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-14 |title=University of Warwick appoints former Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations Advocate Bience Gawanas as new Chancellor |url=https://warwick.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressreleases/?newsItem=8ac672c69288fa6001928b934be61d7b |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=News & Events |language=en-GB}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2002 go fitlha ka 2012 Gawanas o dirile jaaka [[Molaodi wa Merero ya Loago]] kwa [[Kokoanong ya Ditlhogo tsa Mafatshe le Dipuso tsa Kopano ya Aforika]]. O ne a le Molaodi mo Khomišeneng ya Tirelosetšhaba kwa Namibia go tloga ka 1991 go ya go 1996, le [[motshereganyi]] mo [[Pusong ya Namibia]] go tloga ka 1996 go ya go 2003. O ne a dira jaaka motlhatlheledi wa Molao wa Bong kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Namibia]], Mokaedi wa Boto ya [[banka e kgolo]] ya [[Bank of Namibia]] (banka e kgolo ya lefatshe leo). O ne a nna le seabe mo [[mekgatlhong e le mentsi e e seng ya puso]] go akaretsa le Mokwaledi-Mogolo wa [[Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Basadi wa Namibia]] le motshegetsi wa [[Mokgatlho wa Batho ba ba Nang le Bogole wa Namibia]]. Jaaka Modulasetilo wa [[Khomišene ya Phetolo le Tlhabololo ya Molao]], o ne a okametse go fetisiwa ga Molao wa Tekatekano ya Batho ba ba Nyalaneng. Khomišene e ne gape ya dira tiro e ntsi ka ga Melao ya Petelelo le melao e mengwe e e botlhokwa e e neng ya feleletsa e fetisitswe morago ga nako ya gagwe. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Bience ke morwadia Philemon Gawanab le Hilde Rheiss.<ref name="man">{{Cite news|url=http://namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=38622|last1=Gawanab|first1=Lucky|last2=Minney|first2=Tom|title=Philemon Gawanab, Khomas man|newspaper=[[The Namibian]]|date=12 October 2007|access-date=13 November 2015}}</ref> O tsene sekolo se segolwane kwa sekolong sa Roma sa St Theresa kwa [[Tses]], kwa [[Kgaolong ya ǁKaras]], kwa lefelong le ka nako eo e neng e le [[Aforika Borwa Bophirima]], ka nako ya fa sekolo seno se ne se simolola go nna le sepolotiki thata. Go tswa kwa Tses o ne a ya kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Kapa Bophirima]] (UWC) kwa [[Cape Town]], [[Aforika Borwa]], go ya go ithutela molao; Batshegetsi ba Roma ba ne ba mo thusa go emelana le kgatelelo ya badiredibagolo [[Tlhaolele|ba tlhaolele]] gore a fetole tiro ya gagwe go tswa mo go tsa molao go ya kwa booking. O ne a lelekwa kwa UWC morago ga [[dikhuduego tsa kwa Soweto]] ka 1976.<ref name="doctorate">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newera.com.na/articles/47907/Adv-Gawanas-honoured-with-Doctorate-in-Cape-Town|title=Adv Gawanas honoured with Doctorate in Cape Town|last1=Kambaekwa|first1=Carlos|date=24 September 2012|newspaper=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]}}<cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-unfit" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKambaekwa2012">Kambaekwa, Carlos (24 September 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120927081540/http://www.newera.com.na/articles/47907/Adv-Gawanas-honoured-with-Doctorate-in-Cape-Town "Adv Gawanas honoured with Doctorate in Cape Town"]. ''[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]''. Archived from the original on 27 September 2012.</cite> [[Category:CS1: unfit URL]]</ref> Fa a sena go lelekwa o ne a boela kwa Namibia, a nna leloko la [[SWAPO Youth League]], mme a bereka e le morutabana. Morago ga moo o ne a ya lejwa mme a nna kwa [[Zambia]], [[Angola]] le [[Cuba]]. Ka 1981 [[Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Badiri]] o ne wa mo tshegetsa ka madi gore a nne moithuti kwa ntlokgolong ya bone mme morago ga moo a ya kwa thutong [[ya molao wa badiri]]. O ne a fudugela kwa United Kingdom go ya go dira digerata ya gagwe ya molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Warwick]], e e neng e tshegediwa ka madi ke Letlole la Thuto la Aforika. O ne a aloga ka 1987 mme a tshwanelega go [[nna mmueledi]] kwa [[Lincoln's Inn]], kwa Lontone mo ngwageng o o latelang.<ref name="doctorate">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newera.com.na/articles/47907/Adv-Gawanas-honoured-with-Doctorate-in-Cape-Town|title=Adv Gawanas honoured with Doctorate in Cape Town|last=Kambaekwa|first=Carlos|date=24 September 2012|work=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927081540/http://www.newera.com.na/articles/47907/Adv-Gawanas-honoured-with-Doctorate-in-Cape-Town|archivedate=27 September 2012}}<cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-unfit" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKambaekwa2012">Kambaekwa, Carlos (24 September 2012). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120927081540/http://www.newera.com.na/articles/47907/Adv-Gawanas-honoured-with-Doctorate-in-Cape-Town "Adv Gawanas honoured with Doctorate in Cape Town"]. ''[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]''. Archived from the original on 27 September 2012.</cite> [[Category:CS1: unfit URL]]</ref> Namibia e ne [[Ntwa ya molelwane wa Aforika Borwa|e gapilwe ke Aforika Borwa e se ka fa molaong]] go fitlha ka 1990. "Fa ke ne ke swetsa go ithutela molao, motlhatlhobi wa dikolo tsa basweu o ne a mpolelela gore jaaka ngwana yo montsho botlhale jwa me bo ne bo le kwa tlase ga jwa ngwana wa mosweu le gore gongwe molao o ne o sa direlwa nna," o ne a raya mongwe yo o neng a mo botsolotsa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=5611|title=Lawyer signals ascent of Africa's modernisers|work=The Namibian|access-date=2017-09-08|language=en}}</ref> "Gompieno ke mmueledi mme ke supile gore botlhale ga bo amane ka gope le mmala wa motho." Kgatlhego ya ga Gawanas mo molaong e ne ya tsoga morago ga gore morwarraagwe yo mogolo yo o rategang Jeka a tsewe ke basweu mme a itewa go fitlha a swa fa a ne a tsamaya ka dikoloi, mme mapodisi a swetsa gore ke "kotsi ya tsela".<ref name="man">{{Cite news|url=http://namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=38622|last1=Gawanab|first1=Lucky|last2=Minney|first2=Tom|title=Philemon Gawanab, Khomas man|newspaper=[[The Namibian]]|date=12 October 2007|access-date=13 November 2015}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGawanabMinney2007">Gawanab, Lucky; Minney, Tom (12 October 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20170909005956/https://namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=38622 "Philemon Gawanab, Khomas man"]. ''[[The Namibian]]''. Archived from [http://namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=38622 the original] on 9 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite></ref> Katiso ya gagwe e e mosola e ne e akaretsa go dira le Lord [[Tony Gifford]] mo dikgetseng tsa ditshwanelo tsa batho tse di jaaka boikuelo jwa "[[Birmingham Six]]" jwa batho ba go neng go twe ba thuntshitse dibomo ba moragonyana ba neng ba gololwa mo molatong. Mo nakong yotlhe ya go ya lejwa ga gagwe, Gawanas o ne a tswelela ka letsholo la gore Namibia e gololesege go tswa mo pusong ya Aforika Borwa. Ka 1988 o ne a ya kwa Zambia go etela morwadie mme a tshwarwa ke [[SWAPO]], e leng mokgatlho o a neng a o ema nokeng mo nakong e e fetileng. Mo pakeng e telele mokgatlho o ne wa tshwara diketekete tsa batho ba Namibia jaaka karolo ya "go tshosa batsayaditlholwa". Ditatofatso tseno ga di ise di ko di supiwe le fa a [[ne a tswaletswe a le esi]] le go bogisiwa dikgwedi di le dintsi. Moragonyana Gawanas o ne a nna mongwe wa batho ba ntlha ba Namibia go boa ba tshela go tswa kwa [[Lubango dungeons|dikgolegelong tsa Lubango]], kwa Angola Borwa, ka 1989, dikgwedi di le mmalwa pele ga bagolegwa ba bangwe ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba sa ntse ba tshela ba gololwa. Ka July 1989, ene le morwadie ba ne ba busediwa kwa gae ke [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|lekgotla la Ditšhaba]] mme ba ne ba boetse mo mmung wa Namibia. == Tiro == === Kwa tshimologong === Tiro ya gagwe ya ntlha kwa Namibia go tswa lejwa e ne e le ya mmueledi [[Anton Lubowski]], e e neng ya khutla fa baemedi ba tlhaolele ba ne ba bolaya Lubowski mo kgorong ya gagwe ka maiteko a a sa atlegang a go senya kagiso ya [[ditlhopho tsa 1989 tse di neng di okametswe ke UN]]. Morago ga moo o ne a bereka le [[Legal Assistance Centre]] e e kgatlhegelang setšhaba go fitlha ka 1991. === Tiro mo tirelong ya setšhaba === Gawanas o tlhomilwe ke Palamente mo Khomišeneng ya Tirelosetšhaba ya [[Namibia]]. Tiro ya gagwe koo e ne e akaretsa go lekalekanya gape ka tsela e e tseneletseng tirelosetšhaba ya Namibia. Tautona [[Sam Nujoma]] o ne a tlhoma Motshereganyi wa gagwe, ka kgakololo ya Khomišene ya Ditirelo tsa Boatlhodi, ka 1996 mme o ne a direla koo, a batlisisa le go rarabolola dingongorego tsa tsamaiso e e sa siamang mo maemong otlhe, go fitlha ka 2003. Gape o ne a dira jaaka Mokwaledi Mogolo wa Mokgatlho wa Batshereganyi ba Aforika. Ka Phukwi 2003 Gawanas o ne a tlhophiwa ke Ditlhogo tsa Mafatshe a Aforika go nna Molaodi wa Merero ya Loago wa [[Khomišene ya Kopano ya Aforika]], e e kwa [[Addis Ababa]], [[Ethiopia|kwa Ethiopia]]. Mo maemong ao, o ne a batla go oketsa lenaane la dintlha tsa [[tlhabololo ya loago]] mo lenaaneng la kontinente. O ne a tlhophiwa dipaka tse pedi, ka 2003 le 2008, mme morago ga go wetsa paka ya gagwe ya bobedi ka Phalane 2012, o ne a boela kwa Namibia kwa a neng a nna Mogakolodi yo o Kgethegileng wa Tona ya Botsogo le Ditirelo tsa Loago.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bience Philomina Gawanas » High-Level Task Force for the International Conference on Population and Development (Secretariat) |url=https://icpdtaskforce.org/member/bience-philomina-gawanas/ |access-date=2017-09-08 |website=icpdtaskforce.org |language=en}}</ref> Mo godimo ga tiro ya gagwe ya puso, Gawanas o ne a direla mo Setlhopheng sa Tiro sa Maemo a a kwa Godimo sa [[Khonferense ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Baagi le Tlhabololo]] – e e neng e le modulasetilo mmogo, ene le [[Joaquim Chissano]] le [[Tarja Halonen]] – go tloga ka 2012 go fitlha ka 2014. Gape o ne a le karolo ya Setlhopha sa Tiro sa Lefatshe Lotlhe sa [[UNAIDS]] sa go Tokafatsa Kgokaganyo ya Ditheo tsa Boditšhabatšhaba tsa AIDS; Setlhopha sa Tiro sa go Oketsa Thuto le Katiso ya Badiri ba Botsogo; Khomišene ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya HIV le Molao; Khomišene ya Boikarabelo le Tshedimosetso ka ga Boitekanelo jwa Basadi le Bana; Komiti e e Tsamaisang ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Phitlhelelo ya Botlhe; Khomišene ya Boikarabelo le Tshedimosetso ka ga Boitekanelo jwa Basadi le Bana; le ''[[Lancet]]'' - Khomišene ya [[Yunibesithi ya Oslo]] ya Puso ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Boitekanelo. === Tiro kwa Lekgotleng la Ditshaba === Ka Firikgong 2018 Gawanas o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Mogakolodi yo o Kgethegileng wa Aforika wa [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|Lekgotla la Ditšhaba]] ke Mokwaledimogolo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|wa UN]] [[António Guterres]]. O diretse mo maemong a [[ka fa tlase ga Mokwaledi-Mogolo]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Secretary-General Appoints Bience Gawanas of Namibia Special Adviser on Africa|publisher=[[United Nations]]|date=15 January 2018|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sga1782.doc.htm}}</ref> === Yunibesithi ya Warwick === Ka Phalane 2024, Gawanas o ne a tlhomiwa go nna chancellor wa [[Yunibesiti ya Warwick]] kwa [[United Kingdom|United Kingdom (UK)]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthys |first=Donald |date=2024-10-15 |title=Namibian lawyer Gawanas appointed as chancellor of UK university |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/namibian-lawyer-gawanas-appointed-as-chancellor-of-uk-university/ |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=The Namibian |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ditiro tse dingwe == * [[Letlole la Lefatshe Lotlhe la go Lwantsha AIDS, Bolwetse jwa Kgotlholo e tona le Malaria]], Mothusamodulasetilo wa Boto (fa e sa le ka 2023) * [[Banka ya Lefatshe]] / [[Boto ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya go Tlhokomela Boipaakanyetso jwa WHO]] (GPMB), Leloko (fa e sale ka 2022) * [[Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Botsadi jo bo Rulagantsweng]] (IPPF), Leloko la Boto ya Batlhokomedi (fa e sa le ka 2020) * [[Sekolo sa Kgwebo sa Henley]], Leloko la Boto ya Togamaano == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Gawanas ke rakgadi wa lepolotiki [[Sade Gawanas]].<ref name="queen">{{Cite news|title=Ex-beauty queen seeks parly seat|last=Lunyangwe|first=Strauss|newspaper=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]|date=1 November 2019|url=https://neweralive.na/posts/ex-beauty-queen-seeks-parly-seat}}</ref> == Dietsele == Yunibesithi ya Kapa Bophirima e ne ya mo naya sekgele sa [[Ngaka ya Legum]] ''[[honoris causa]]'' kwa moletlong wa bone wa kalogo wa Lwetse 2012.<ref name="doctorate">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newera.com.na/articles/47907/Adv-Gawanas-honoured-with-Doctorate-in-Cape-Town|title=Adv Gawanas honoured with Doctorate in Cape Town|last1=Kambaekwa|first1=Carlos|date=24 September 2012|newspaper=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]}}</ref> Lefatshe la gagwe le ne la mo tlotla ka [[Most Brilliant Order of the Sun]], sa maemo a ntlha, ka ntlha ya tirelo ya gagwe e e tlhomologileng e e dirilweng kwa godimo ga tiro ya gagwe, ka sekgele seno ka Phatwe 2024 ke Tautona [[Nangolo Mbumba]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=President Mbumba confers national honours {{!}} nbc |url=https://www.nbcnews.na/node/107062 |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=www.nbcnews.na}}</ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] kr0b3sa4j4utqmscrg8fgfo5e6jcyc5 51477 51469 2026-06-25T00:55:37Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51477 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bience Philomina Gawanas''' (yo o tsholetsweng ka 1956 ) ke [[mmueledi wa Mo-Namibia]] yo o kileng a dira jaaka [[Mogakolodi yo o Kgethegileng]] wa Aforika wa [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|Lekgotla la Ditšhaba]] go simolola ka 2018 go ya go 2020. Ke Chancellor wa [[Yunibesiti ya Warwick]], e a ''tseneng kwa'' go yone kwa Boritane.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-14 |title=University of Warwick appoints former Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations Advocate Bience Gawanas as new Chancellor |url=https://warwick.ac.uk/newsandevents/pressreleases/?newsItem=8ac672c69288fa6001928b934be61d7b |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=News & Events |language=en-GB}}</ref> Go tloga ka 2002 go fitlha ka 2012 Gawanas o dirile jaaka [[Molaodi wa Merero ya Loago]] kwa [[Kokoanong ya Ditlhogo tsa Mafatshe le Dipuso tsa Kopano ya Aforika]]. O ne a le Molaodi mo Khomišeneng ya Tirelosetšhaba kwa Namibia go tloga ka 1991 go ya go 1996, le [[motshereganyi]] mo [[Pusong ya Namibia]] go tloga ka 1996 go ya go 2003. O ne a dira jaaka motlhatlheledi wa Molao wa Bong kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Namibia]], Mokaedi wa Boto ya [[banka e kgolo]] ya [[Bank of Namibia]] (banka e kgolo ya lefatshe leo). O ne a nna le seabe mo [[mekgatlhong e le mentsi e e seng ya puso]] go akaretsa le Mokwaledi-Mogolo wa [[Mokgatlho wa Bosetšhaba wa Basadi wa Namibia]] le motshegetsi wa [[Mokgatlho wa Batho ba ba Nang le Bogole wa Namibia]]. Jaaka Modulasetilo wa [[Khomišene ya Phetolo le Tlhabololo ya Molao]], o ne a okametse go fetisiwa ga Molao wa Tekatekano ya Batho ba ba Nyalaneng. Khomišene e ne gape ya dira tiro e ntsi ka ga Melao ya Petelelo le melao e mengwe e e botlhokwa e e neng ya feleletsa e fetisitswe morago ga nako ya gagwe. == Botshelo jwa pele le thuto == Bience ke morwadia Philemon Gawanab le Hilde Rheiss.<ref name="man">{{Cite news|url=http://namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=38622|last1=Gawanab|first1=Lucky|last2=Minney|first2=Tom|title=Philemon Gawanab, Khomas man|newspaper=[[The Namibian]]|date=12 October 2007|access-date=13 November 2015}}</ref> O tsene sekolo se segolwane kwa sekolong sa Roma sa St Theresa kwa [[Tses]], kwa [[Kgaolong ya ǁKaras]], kwa lefelong le ka nako eo e neng e le [[Aforika Borwa Bophirima]], ka nako ya fa sekolo seno se ne se simolola go nna le sepolotiki thata. Go tswa kwa Tses o ne a ya kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Kapa Bophirima]] (UWC) kwa [[Cape Town]], [[Aforika Borwa]], go ya go ithutela molao; Batshegetsi ba Roma ba ne ba mo thusa go emelana le kgatelelo ya badiredibagolo [[Tlhaolele|ba tlhaolele]] gore a fetole tiro ya gagwe go tswa mo go tsa molao go ya kwa booking. O ne a lelekwa kwa UWC morago ga [[dikhuduego tsa kwa Soweto]] ka 1976.<ref name="doctorate">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newera.com.na/articles/47907/Adv-Gawanas-honoured-with-Doctorate-in-Cape-Town|title=Adv Gawanas honoured with Doctorate in Cape Town|last1=Kambaekwa|first1=Carlos|date=24 September 2012|newspaper=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]|access-date=24 June 2026|archivedate=27 September 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927081540/http://www.newera.com.na/articles/47907/Adv-Gawanas-honoured-with-Doctorate-in-Cape-Town}}<cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-unfit" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKambaekwa2012">Kambaekwa, Carlos (24 September 2012). . ''[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]''. Archived from the original on 27 September 2012.</cite> [[Category:CS1: unfit URL]]</ref> Fa a sena go lelekwa o ne a boela kwa Namibia, a nna leloko la [[SWAPO Youth League]], mme a bereka e le morutabana. Morago ga moo o ne a ya lejwa mme a nna kwa [[Zambia]], [[Angola]] le [[Cuba]]. Ka 1981 [[Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Badiri]] o ne wa mo tshegetsa ka madi gore a nne moithuti kwa ntlokgolong ya bone mme morago ga moo a ya kwa thutong [[ya molao wa badiri]]. O ne a fudugela kwa United Kingdom go ya go dira digerata ya gagwe ya molao kwa [[Yunibesithing ya Warwick]], e e neng e tshegediwa ka madi ke Letlole la Thuto la Aforika. O ne a aloga ka 1987 mme a tshwanelega go [[nna mmueledi]] kwa [[Lincoln's Inn]], kwa Lontone mo ngwageng o o latelang.<ref name="doctorate"/> Namibia e ne [[Ntwa ya molelwane wa Aforika Borwa|e gapilwe ke Aforika Borwa e se ka fa molaong]] go fitlha ka 1990. "Fa ke ne ke swetsa go ithutela molao, motlhatlhobi wa dikolo tsa basweu o ne a mpolelela gore jaaka ngwana yo montsho botlhale jwa me bo ne bo le kwa tlase ga jwa ngwana wa mosweu le gore gongwe molao o ne o sa direlwa nna," o ne a raya mongwe yo o neng a mo botsolotsa.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://namibian.com.na/index.php?page=archive-read&id=5611|title=Lawyer signals ascent of Africa's modernisers|work=The Namibian|access-date=2017-09-08|language=en}}</ref> "Gompieno ke mmueledi mme ke supile gore botlhale ga bo amane ka gope le mmala wa motho." Kgatlhego ya ga Gawanas mo molaong e ne ya tsoga morago ga gore morwarraagwe yo mogolo yo o rategang Jeka a tsewe ke basweu mme a itewa go fitlha a swa fa a ne a tsamaya ka dikoloi, mme mapodisi a swetsa gore ke "kotsi ya tsela".<ref name="man"/> Katiso ya gagwe e e mosola e ne e akaretsa go dira le Lord [[Tony Gifford]] mo dikgetseng tsa ditshwanelo tsa batho tse di jaaka boikuelo jwa "[[Birmingham Six]]" jwa batho ba go neng go twe ba thuntshitse dibomo ba moragonyana ba neng ba gololwa mo molatong. Mo nakong yotlhe ya go ya lejwa ga gagwe, Gawanas o ne a tswelela ka letsholo la gore Namibia e gololesege go tswa mo pusong ya Aforika Borwa. Ka 1988 o ne a ya kwa Zambia go etela morwadie mme a tshwarwa ke [[SWAPO]], e leng mokgatlho o a neng a o ema nokeng mo nakong e e fetileng. Mo pakeng e telele mokgatlho o ne wa tshwara diketekete tsa batho ba Namibia jaaka karolo ya "go tshosa batsayaditlholwa". Ditatofatso tseno ga di ise di ko di supiwe le fa a [[ne a tswaletswe a le esi]] le go bogisiwa dikgwedi di le dintsi. Moragonyana Gawanas o ne a nna mongwe wa batho ba ntlha ba Namibia go boa ba tshela go tswa kwa [[Lubango dungeons|dikgolegelong tsa Lubango]], kwa Angola Borwa, ka 1989, dikgwedi di le mmalwa pele ga bagolegwa ba bangwe ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba sa ntse ba tshela ba gololwa. Ka July 1989, ene le morwadie ba ne ba busediwa kwa gae ke [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|lekgotla la Ditšhaba]] mme ba ne ba boetse mo mmung wa Namibia. == Tiro == === Kwa tshimologong === Tiro ya gagwe ya ntlha kwa Namibia go tswa lejwa e ne e le ya mmueledi [[Anton Lubowski]], e e neng ya khutla fa baemedi ba tlhaolele ba ne ba bolaya Lubowski mo kgorong ya gagwe ka maiteko a a sa atlegang a go senya kagiso ya [[ditlhopho tsa 1989 tse di neng di okametswe ke UN]]. Morago ga moo o ne a bereka le [[Legal Assistance Centre]] e e kgatlhegelang setšhaba go fitlha ka 1991. === Tiro mo tirelong ya setšhaba === Gawanas o tlhomilwe ke Palamente mo Khomišeneng ya Tirelosetšhaba ya [[Namibia]]. Tiro ya gagwe koo e ne e akaretsa go lekalekanya gape ka tsela e e tseneletseng tirelosetšhaba ya Namibia. Tautona [[Sam Nujoma]] o ne a tlhoma Motshereganyi wa gagwe, ka kgakololo ya Khomišene ya Ditirelo tsa Boatlhodi, ka 1996 mme o ne a direla koo, a batlisisa le go rarabolola dingongorego tsa tsamaiso e e sa siamang mo maemong otlhe, go fitlha ka 2003. Gape o ne a dira jaaka Mokwaledi Mogolo wa Mokgatlho wa Batshereganyi ba Aforika. Ka Phukwi 2003 Gawanas o ne a tlhophiwa ke Ditlhogo tsa Mafatshe a Aforika go nna Molaodi wa Merero ya Loago wa [[Khomišene ya Kopano ya Aforika]], e e kwa [[Addis Ababa]], [[Ethiopia|kwa Ethiopia]]. Mo maemong ao, o ne a batla go oketsa lenaane la dintlha tsa [[tlhabololo ya loago]] mo lenaaneng la kontinente. O ne a tlhophiwa dipaka tse pedi, ka 2003 le 2008, mme morago ga go wetsa paka ya gagwe ya bobedi ka Phalane 2012, o ne a boela kwa Namibia kwa a neng a nna Mogakolodi yo o Kgethegileng wa Tona ya Botsogo le Ditirelo tsa Loago.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bience Philomina Gawanas » High-Level Task Force for the International Conference on Population and Development (Secretariat) |url=https://icpdtaskforce.org/member/bience-philomina-gawanas/ |access-date=2017-09-08 |website=icpdtaskforce.org |language=en}}</ref> Mo godimo ga tiro ya gagwe ya puso, Gawanas o ne a direla mo Setlhopheng sa Tiro sa Maemo a a kwa Godimo sa [[Khonferense ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Baagi le Tlhabololo]] – e e neng e le modulasetilo mmogo, ene le [[Joaquim Chissano]] le [[Tarja Halonen]] – go tloga ka 2012 go fitlha ka 2014. Gape o ne a le karolo ya Setlhopha sa Tiro sa Lefatshe Lotlhe sa [[UNAIDS]] sa go Tokafatsa Kgokaganyo ya Ditheo tsa Boditšhabatšhaba tsa AIDS; Setlhopha sa Tiro sa go Oketsa Thuto le Katiso ya Badiri ba Botsogo; Khomišene ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya HIV le Molao; Khomišene ya Boikarabelo le Tshedimosetso ka ga Boitekanelo jwa Basadi le Bana; Komiti e e Tsamaisang ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Phitlhelelo ya Botlhe; Khomišene ya Boikarabelo le Tshedimosetso ka ga Boitekanelo jwa Basadi le Bana; le ''[[Lancet]]'' - Khomišene ya [[Yunibesithi ya Oslo]] ya Puso ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Boitekanelo. === Tiro kwa Lekgotleng la Ditshaba === Ka Firikgong 2018 Gawanas o ne a tlhomiwa go nna Mogakolodi yo o Kgethegileng wa Aforika wa [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|Lekgotla la Ditšhaba]] ke Mokwaledimogolo [[Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng|wa UN]] [[António Guterres]]. O diretse mo maemong a [[ka fa tlase ga Mokwaledi-Mogolo]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=Secretary-General Appoints Bience Gawanas of Namibia Special Adviser on Africa|publisher=[[United Nations]]|date=15 January 2018|url=https://www.un.org/press/en/2018/sga1782.doc.htm}}</ref> === Yunibesithi ya Warwick === Ka Phalane 2024, Gawanas o ne a tlhomiwa go nna chancellor wa [[Yunibesiti ya Warwick]] kwa [[United Kingdom|United Kingdom (UK)]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Matthys |first=Donald |date=2024-10-15 |title=Namibian lawyer Gawanas appointed as chancellor of UK university |url=https://www.namibian.com.na/namibian-lawyer-gawanas-appointed-as-chancellor-of-uk-university/ |access-date=2024-10-15 |website=The Namibian |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ditiro tse dingwe == * [[Letlole la Lefatshe Lotlhe la go Lwantsha AIDS, Bolwetse jwa Kgotlholo e tona le Malaria]], Mothusamodulasetilo wa Boto (fa e sa le ka 2023) * [[Banka ya Lefatshe]] / [[Boto ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya go Tlhokomela Boipaakanyetso jwa WHO]] (GPMB), Leloko (fa e sale ka 2022) * [[Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Botsadi jo bo Rulagantsweng]] (IPPF), Leloko la Boto ya Batlhokomedi (fa e sa le ka 2020) * [[Sekolo sa Kgwebo sa Henley]], Leloko la Boto ya Togamaano == Botshelo jwa gagwe == Gawanas ke rakgadi wa lepolotiki [[Sade Gawanas]].<ref name="queen">{{Cite news|title=Ex-beauty queen seeks parly seat|last=Lunyangwe|first=Strauss|newspaper=[[New Era (Namibia)|New Era]]|date=1 November 2019|url=https://neweralive.na/posts/ex-beauty-queen-seeks-parly-seat}}</ref> == Dietsele == Yunibesithi ya Kapa Bophirima e ne ya mo naya sekgele sa [[Ngaka ya Legum]] ''[[honoris causa]]'' kwa moletlong wa bone wa kalogo wa Lwetse 2012.<ref name="doctorate"/> Lefatshe la gagwe le ne la mo tlotla ka [[Most Brilliant Order of the Sun]], sa maemo a ntlha, ka ntlha ya tirelo ya gagwe e e tlhomologileng e e dirilweng kwa godimo ga tiro ya gagwe, ka sekgele seno ka Phatwe 2024 ke Tautona [[Nangolo Mbumba]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=President Mbumba confers national honours {{!}} nbc |url=https://www.nbcnews.na/node/107062 |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=www.nbcnews.na}}</ref> == Metswedi == [[Karolo:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7kxxtj71j8c6v2dek7owq71y00njdlu 0 14026 51472 2026-06-24T19:30:52Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA MERWALELA YA SOUTH SUDAN 51472 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Merwalela mo Sudan Borwa''' e diragala gangwe le gape, ka ntlha ya lefelo le naga e leng mo Nokeng ya Nile le lefelo le le kwa tlase le le dirang gore e tlhaselwe ke merwalela. Di kwadisitswe mo nageng eno fa e sale ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro (1960), mme ditlamorago tsa tsone di nnile maswe thata mo dingwageng tsa bosheng ka ntlha ya phetogo ya tlelaemete le mafaratlhatlha a a bokoa a kgelelo ya metsi.<ref>Barber, Harriet (2023-01-31). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/climate-and-people/south-sudans-four-year-flood-could-spell-permanent-change-climate/ "South Sudan battles a four-year flood".] ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved 2023-04-30.</ref> == Ditlamorago == Merwalela e bakile go fudusiwa ga batho le go latlhegelwa ke dithoto tsa ga Gomes. Dikolo di le dintsi di ne tsa tswalwa ka ntlha ya merwalela. <ref>[https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/latest/south-sudan-catastrophic-floods-cause-escalating-humanitarian-crisis-0 "South Sudan: Catastrophic floods cause an escalating humanitarian crisis"]. ''Doctors Without Borders - USA''. Retrieved 2023-04-30.</ref>Gape merwalela e ile ya senya dijalo, e leng se se ileng sa dira gore go nne le tlhaelo ya dijo le go tlhatloga ga ditlhwatlhwa tsa dijo. Diruiwa le tsone di ne tsa amega, ka diphologolo di le dintsi di ne tsa gogolwa ke metsi a morwalela.<ref>[https://www.wfp.org/emergencies/south-sudan-emergency "South Sudan emergency | World Food Programme"]. ''www.wfp.org''. Retrieved 2023-04-30.</ref> == Merwalela e e tswelelang ya 2024 == Merwalela ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024) ya kwa lefatsheng la South Sudan e simolotse ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024) mme e nnile masetlapelo mo e leng gore dikarolo dingwe tsa naga di ne di le ka fa tlase ga metsi ka dingwaga di le mmalwa.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4gpmx7z0xno "'Dying of thirst' as climate-driven floods mix with oil".] ''BBC''. 2024-11-11. Retrieved 2025-11-27.</ref> == Metswedi == qsd9gmadorc1v749zhqv0nbiu9g7i8b 0 14027 51475 2026-06-24T19:46:44Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Merwalela ya Botswana ya ngwaga wa 2025 51475 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Merwalela ya 2025 Botswana''' e ne e bakilwe ke dipula tse di maatla tse di neng tsa na malatsi a le mmalwa go ralala naga,<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/articles/cn7vyvr2l76o "Botswana floods: Schools and roads closed after relentless rain".] ''BBC Weather''. 2025-02-20. Retrieved 2026-01-02</ref><ref>[https://www.unicef.org/botswana/press-releases/devastating-floods-botswana-unicef-calls-us350000-support-children-and-families "Devastating floods in Botswana: UNICEF calls for US$350,000 to support children and families"]. ''www.unicef.org''. Retrieved 2026-01-02</ref>go akaretsa [[Ghanzi]],<ref>cfeditoren (2025-02-22). [https://www.africa-press.net/botswana/all-news/flood-displaces-600-in-ghanzi-district "Flood Displaces 600 in Ghanzi District".] ''Botswana''. Retrieved 2026-01-02.</ref>[[Gaborone]]<ref>[https://www.pressreader.com/botswana/botswana-guardian/20250221/281548001619935 "PressReader.com - Digital Newspaper & Magazine Subscriptions".] ''www.pressreader.com''. Retrieved 2026-01-02.</ref>le [[Francistown]] gareng ga dikgaolo tse dingwe.<ref>[https://yourbotswana.com/2025/02/20/relentless-rain-leaves-widespread-flooding-in-botswana/ "Relentless rain leaves widespread flooding in Botswana – YourBotswana]".</ref>Merwalela e e maswe e ne ya dira gore ditsela di tswalwe ka bophara, mmogo le gore puso ya Botswana e tswale dikolo tsotlhe go tloga ka lesome le borobabongwe go ya go masome a mabedi le bone ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole.<ref>[https://apanews.net/botswana-temporarily-closes-schools-due-to-torrential-rains/#:~:text=Botswana%E2%80%99s%20Ministry%20of%20Education%20and%20Child%20Protection%20has,have%20caused%20flooding%20and%20cut%20off%20several%20roads "Botswana temporarily closes schools due to torrential rains".] 19 February 2025</ref> Dinoka le matamo a a neng a penologa a ne a baka tshenyo e kgolo ya mafaratlhatlha, a fudusa banni, mme a felela ka go latlhegelwa ke matshelo.<ref>Davies, Richard. [https://global-flood.emergency.copernicus.eu/news/194-flooding-in-botswana-february-2025/ "Flooding in Botswana, February 2025"]. ''global-flood.emergency.copernicus.eu''. Retrieved 2026-01-02.</ref> == Maiteko a go Namola == Mokgatlho wa Sefapaano Se Sehibidu wa Botswana o ne wa tlamela ka thuso ya tshoganyetso go malapa le dikgaolo tse di amegileng, ka go aba dijo, metsi a a phepa, dikobo, le bonno jwa nakwana go baagi ba ba fudusitsweng.<ref>[https://www.botswanayouth.com/heavy-rains-trigger-widespread-flooding-across-botswana/ "Heavy Rains Trigger Widespread Flooding Across Botswana".] ''Botswana Youth Magazine''. February 20, 2025.</ref> [[Letsile Tebogo]] yo a neng a gapa dimetale tsa gauta tsa Diolimpiki o ne a akgolwa fa a ne a boloka baagi ba ba neng ba le kwa Gaborone mme a ba isa kwa koloing ya gagwe,<ref>Bregman, Scott (21 February 2025). [https://www.olympics.com/en/news/paris-2024-gold-medallist-letsile-tebogo-comes-to-the-aid-of-stranded-drivers "Paris 2024 gold medallist Letsile Tebogo comes to the aid of stranded drivers".] ''Olympics.com''.</ref>a mo tlhalosa e le "monna wa boammaaruri wa batho".<ref>Ormond, Cameron (February 19, 2025). [https://runningmagazine.ca/the-scene/olympic-champion-letsile-tebogo-rescues-citizens-from-severe-flooding/ "Olympic champion Letsile Tebogo rescues citizens from severe flooding".]</ref> == Metswedi == 7rxqkw8upnc9kj2hbsfe6bd9ttvtujt 51543 51475 2026-06-25T09:47:17Z InternetArchiveBot 8156 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 51543 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Merwalela ya 2025 Botswana''' e ne e bakilwe ke dipula tse di maatla tse di neng tsa na malatsi a le mmalwa go ralala naga,<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/articles/cn7vyvr2l76o "Botswana floods: Schools and roads closed after relentless rain".] ''BBC Weather''. 2025-02-20. Retrieved 2026-01-02</ref><ref>[https://www.unicef.org/botswana/press-releases/devastating-floods-botswana-unicef-calls-us350000-support-children-and-families "Devastating floods in Botswana: UNICEF calls for US$350,000 to support children and families"]. ''www.unicef.org''. Retrieved 2026-01-02</ref>go akaretsa [[Ghanzi]],<ref>cfeditoren (2025-02-22). [https://www.africa-press.net/botswana/all-news/flood-displaces-600-in-ghanzi-district "Flood Displaces 600 in Ghanzi District".] ''Botswana''. Retrieved 2026-01-02.</ref>[[Gaborone]]<ref>[https://www.pressreader.com/botswana/botswana-guardian/20250221/281548001619935 "PressReader.com - Digital Newspaper & Magazine Subscriptions".] ''www.pressreader.com''. Retrieved 2026-01-02.</ref>le [[Francistown]] gareng ga dikgaolo tse dingwe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250819015506/https://yourbotswana.com/2025/02/20/relentless-rain-leaves-widespread-flooding-in-botswana/ "Relentless rain leaves widespread flooding in Botswana – YourBotswana]".</ref>Merwalela e e maswe e ne ya dira gore ditsela di tswalwe ka bophara, mmogo le gore puso ya Botswana e tswale dikolo tsotlhe go tloga ka lesome le borobabongwe go ya go masome a mabedi le bone ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250831104012/https://apanews.net/botswana-temporarily-closes-schools-due-to-torrential-rains/#:~:text=Botswana%E2%80%99s%20Ministry%20of%20Education%20and%20Child%20Protection%20has,have%20caused%20flooding%20and%20cut%20off%20several%20roads "Botswana temporarily closes schools due to torrential rains".] 19 February 2025</ref> Dinoka le matamo a a neng a penologa a ne a baka tshenyo e kgolo ya mafaratlhatlha, a fudusa banni, mme a felela ka go latlhegelwa ke matshelo.<ref>Davies, Richard. [https://global-flood.emergency.copernicus.eu/news/194-flooding-in-botswana-february-2025/ "Flooding in Botswana, February 2025"]. ''global-flood.emergency.copernicus.eu''. Retrieved 2026-01-02.</ref> == Maiteko a go Namola == Mokgatlho wa Sefapaano Se Sehibidu wa Botswana o ne wa tlamela ka thuso ya tshoganyetso go malapa le dikgaolo tse di amegileng, ka go aba dijo, metsi a a phepa, dikobo, le bonno jwa nakwana go baagi ba ba fudusitsweng.<ref>[https://www.botswanayouth.com/heavy-rains-trigger-widespread-flooding-across-botswana/ "Heavy Rains Trigger Widespread Flooding Across Botswana".] ''Botswana Youth Magazine''. February 20, 2025.</ref> [[Letsile Tebogo]] yo a neng a gapa dimetale tsa gauta tsa Diolimpiki o ne a akgolwa fa a ne a boloka baagi ba ba neng ba le kwa Gaborone mme a ba isa kwa koloing ya gagwe,<ref>Bregman, Scott (21 February 2025). [https://www.olympics.com/en/news/paris-2024-gold-medallist-letsile-tebogo-comes-to-the-aid-of-stranded-drivers "Paris 2024 gold medallist Letsile Tebogo comes to the aid of stranded drivers".] ''Olympics.com''.</ref>a mo tlhalosa e le "monna wa boammaaruri wa batho".<ref>Ormond, Cameron (February 19, 2025). [https://runningmagazine.ca/the-scene/olympic-champion-letsile-tebogo-rescues-citizens-from-severe-flooding/ "Olympic champion Letsile Tebogo rescues citizens from severe flooding".]</ref> == Metswedi == fl6hye8r1ud401q4lr3tf060xa6jyvk 0 14028 51487 2026-06-25T06:10:41Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Sango Bay 51487 wikitext text/x-wiki Sango Bay ke lefelo le le kwa borwa jwa Central Region ya [[Uganda]]. <ref>Ivan Kimbowa (28 May 2018). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Sango-Bay-landing-site-defilers-get-away-crime/688334-4583042-jwgppjz/index.html "Sango Bay Landing Site Where Defilers Get Away With Crime".] ''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala. Retrieved 26 April 2020.</ref> == Lefelo == Sango Bay e kwa Sango Bay Parish, Kakuuto Sub-County, [[kgaolong ya Kyotera]] , kwa Buganda Region ya Uganda. E bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le 56,5 (35 mi), ka tsela, borwabotlhaba jwa Kyotera, kwa ntlokgolo ya kgaolo e leng teng. <ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Kyotera/Sango+Bay/@-0.7163806,31.4440945,9z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x19d9d74e1f2b544d:0xc3ee133684e8b757!2m2!1d31.5455637!2d-0.6358988!1m5!1m1!1s0x19d75a03a84f8cb9:0x75544a813329e16d!2m2!1d31.722973!2d-0.8944 "Distance Between Kyotera, Uganda And Sango Bay, Uganda"] (Map). ''Google Maps''. Retrieved 26 April 2020.</ref>Sango Bay e dikilometara di ka nna masome a matlhano le bosupa (35 mi), ka tsela, bokone-botlhaba jwa toropo ya Mutukula, Uganda, mo molelwaneng wa boditšhabatšhaba le [[Tanzania|Tanzania.]] <ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/dir/MUTUKULA+FOREX+BUREAU+LTD,+Masaka+-+Kakuto+Rd,+Lukoma/Sango+Bay/@-0.883742,31.506312,9.5z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x19d9f70a2a727c71:0x6df998f7efee48e!2m2!1d31.4171354!2d-0.9991981!1m5!1m1!1s0x19d75a03a84f8cb9:0x75544a813329e16d!2m2!1d31.722973!2d-0.8944668!3e0 "Distance Between Mutukula, Uganda And Sango Bay, Uganda"] (Map). ''Google Maps''. Retrieved 26 April 2020.</ref> Dikhuduthamaga tsa Sango Bay ke:00°53'38.0"S, 31°43'22.0"E (Latitude:-0.893889; Longitude:31.722778).<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B053'38.0%22S+31%C2%B043'22.0%22E/@-0.8938889,31.7227778,392m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-0.8938889!4d31.7227778 "Location of Sango Bay, Uganda"] (Map). ''Google Maps''. Retrieved 26 April 2020.</ref>Sango Bay e kwa bogodimong jwa 1,145 metres (3,757 ft) ka fa godimo ga lewatle. <ref>Get A Map (26 April 2020)[http://www.getamap.net/maps/uganda/uganda_(general)/_sangobay/ . "Elevation of Sango Bay, Uganda".] Getamap.net. Retrieved 26 April 2020.</ref> == Kakaretso == [[Setshwantsho:Temnora griseata ugandae, male, upperside. Uganda, Sango Bay, Katera, Masaka.jpg|thumb|Nonyane e tonanyana ya Temnora griseata e e bonweng kwa Sango Bay kwa Kyotera Masaka]] Sango Bay ke motsana wa batshwari ba ditlhapi, o o nang le Letsha la Nalubaale mo sekgaleng sa go tsamaya go ya kwa botlhaba jwa Sango Bay. Kgaolo e e nang le lefelo la bonno e itsege jaaka Sango Bay Conservation Area, e kgabagantswe ke molelwane wa Tanzania kwa borwa, Letsha la Nalubaale kwa botlhaba, Tsela ya Masaka ⁇ Mutukula kwa bophirima le Letsha la Nabugabo Conservation Area kwa bokone. <ref name=":0">BirdLife International (26 April 2020). [http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/sango-bay-area-iba-uganda "BirdLife International: Sango Bay Area"]. Cambridge, United Kingdom: [[:en:BirdLife_International|BirdLife International.]] Retrieved 26 April 2020.</ref> Dimela di fitlhelwa mo mafelong a a nang le metsi, a a nang le bojang le a a nang le dikgwa. Go ne ga begwa gore go na le Chlidonias leucopterus e e fetang dikete tse makgolo a mararo mo lefelong leno go fitlha ka 1994. Ardeola ralloides, Pelecanus onocrotalus, Pelecanus rufescens le Hirundo atrocaerulea di bonwe mo lefelong leno. <ref name=":0" /> Lefelo leno gape e ne e le lefelo le go neng go nna kampa ya go fudusetsa batho kwa Sango Bay. Kampa e ne ya tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro , go tshola batho ba ba fetang dikete tse tlhano ba ba neng ba lelekilwe kwa Tanzania ka ntlha ya go tsena mo nageng ka tsela e e seng ka fa molaong ke moporesidente wa nako eo, Jakaya Kikwete. Ba ne ba akaretsa Ba-Uganda, Ba-Rwanda, Ba-Congo, Ba-Burundi, le batho ba ba se nang boagi. Go tloga ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro , kampa e ne ya tlosiwa mme batshabi ba fudusediwa kwa dikampeng tse dingwe kwa Uganda. <ref>Davis Buyondo (29 June 2016). [https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/last-batch-of-refugees-leaves-sango-bay-camp "Last Batch of Refugees Leave Sango Bay Camp".] Kampala: [[:en:Uganda_Radio_Network|Uganda Radio Network]]. Retrieved 26 April 2020.</ref><ref>Ivan Kimbowa & Issa Aliga (28 June 2016). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Government-closes-Sango-bay-camp--shifts--refugees-/688334-3270184-vthjgv/index.html "Government Closes Sango Bay Camp, Shifts Refugees"]. [[:en:Daily_Monitor|''Daily Monitor''.]] Kampala. Retrieved 26 April 2020.</ref> Kgaolo ya Sango Bay gape ke lefelo la Sango Bay Estates Limited, motlhami wa sukiri yo o tlhomilweng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo.<ref>David Muwanga (26 February 2004). [https://allafrica.com/stories/200402260552.html "Uganda: Sango Bay Estates Set for Massive Overhaul"] (via AllAfrica.com). [[:en:New_Vision|''New Vision''.]] Kampala. Retrieved 26 April 2020.</ref><ref>Mike Ibrahim Okumu (12 May 2017). [https://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/Here-s-what-the-Sugar-Bill-should-address/689364-3923442-format-xhtml-2phxkg/monitor.co.ug "Here's what the Sugar Bill should address".] ''Daily Monitor''. Kampala.</ref> Kereke ya Jubilee Revival Church e kwa Sango Bay. <ref>Michael Edison Hayden (November 2015). [http://1.droppdf.com/files/zYiVn/national-geographic-november-2015-usa.pdf "Power to the People"] (PDF). ''[[:en:National_Geographic_(magazine)|National Geographic Magazine]]''. p. 82. Retrieved 26 April 2020.</ref> == Metswedi == m99cmalzybrwuxfpqtxjwrwu07y2rv8 0 14029 51488 2026-06-25T06:12:37Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Bangweulu 51488 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Local people on Lake Bangweulu.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Bangweulu]] '''Letsha la Bangweulu''' ('moo metsi a kopanang le loapi'<ref>[https://www.zambia.travel/bangweulu.html "Lake Bangweulu"]. ''www.zambia.travel''. Retrieved 2024-11-19.</ref>) ke letsha la metsi a a foreshe kwa lefatsheng la [[Zambia]] bokone. Bangweulu ke nngwe ya ditikwatikwe tse dikgolo tsa lefatshe tsa mafatshe a a bongola, e e akaretsang Letsha la Bangweulu, Mafatshe a a bongola a Bangweulu le dipoa tsa Bangweulu kgotsa dipoa tsa merwalela. <ref>Camerapix: ''Spectrum Guide to Zambia.'' Camerapix International Publishing, Nairobi, 1996. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Bangweulu#cite_note-Spectrum-3]</ref>E e leng mo karolong e e kwa godimo ya noka ya Congo kwa Zambia, thulaganyo ya Bangweulu e akaretsa lefelo le le sephaphathi le le batlang le lekana le Connecticut kgotsa East Anglia, kwa bogodimong jwa 1,140 m go kgabaganya metsana ya [[Zambia]] ya Luapula le porofense ya Bokone. E botlhokwa thata mo ikonoming le ditshedi tse di farologaneng tsa kwa Zambia bokone, le mo dinonyaneng tsa kgaolo e kgolo thata, mme e lebane le mathata a tikologo le mathata a tshomarelo.<ref name=":0">Halls, A.J. (ed.), 1997. "Wetlands, Biodiversity and the Ramsar Convention: The Role of the Convention on Wetlands in the Conservation and Wise Use of Biodiversity". Ramsar Convention Bureau, Gland, Switzerland [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Bangweulu#cite_note-Ramsar-4]</ref> Letšha la Bangweulu le le boleele jwa dikilometara di le masome a supa le botlhano le bophara jwa dikilometara di le masome a mane (40), le na le metsi a a bulegileng a a ka nnang dikilometara di le 3.000 mme le a oketsega fa mafelo a lone a a tletseng ka merwalela le a a nang le merwalela a nna le metsi a mantsi kwa bofelong jwa paka ya dipula ka Motsheganong. Lefelo le le kopaneng la letsha le mafelo a a nang le metsi le fitlha go 15 000 km2. Letsha le na le boteng jwa bone (4 m) fela, <ref>Google Earth [http://earth.google.com/ (http://earth.google.com]) accessed 31 January 2007.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930014508/http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dsafr021.html ILEC Data Summary: Lake Bangweulu]. Website accessed 30 January 2007</ref>mme boteng jo bo kwa godimo ke lesome (10 m). <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040326163313/http://www.worldlakes.org/lakedetails.asp?lakeid=8572 Lake Profile: Bangweulu.] Accessed 8 September 2021</ref> Tsamaiso ya Bangweulu e fepiwa ke dinoka tse di ka nnang lesome le bosupa tse Chambeshi (e leng motswedi wa Noka ya Congo) e leng yone e kgolo go di feta tsotlhe, mme e nosediwa ke Noka ya Luapula.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == 1qi8dmyrkvrugpg65opu7z6eg3rjitz 0 14030 51489 2026-06-25T06:16:47Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Ishiba Ng'andu 51489 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Ishiba Ng'andu''' ke letsha le le gaufi le metsi a a fa gare ga dinoka tsa Luangwa le Chambeshi mo metsaneng ya Muchinga kwa lefatsheng la [[Zambia]], mo letlhakoreng la Chambeshi. Leina la lone ka puo ya Se-Bemba le kaya 'letšha la kwena ya segosi.' E boleele jwa dikilometara di le tlhano ka 1.5 (3.11 × 0.93). Ke lefelo le le botlhokwa mo bathong ba Bemba jaaka naga e, kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le bosupa , [[Chitimukulu wa Ng'andu]] (kwena) Clan a neng a kopana le kwena e e suleng, mme a tsaya seno jaaka sesupo, a tlhoma batho ba gagwe morago ga go kgarakgatshega ga bone go tswa kwa Bogosing jwa Lunda dikilometara di le 1 000 (620 mi) go ya kwa botlhaba. [[David Livingstone]], yo e neng e le morongwa e bile e le mmatlisisi, o ne a etela letsha leno, mme kwena e ne ya tsaya ntša ya gagwe ya mo isa teng. Lefelo leno le ne le na le diphologolo tse dintsi tsa naga go fitlha mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bo masome a mabedi la dingwaga. Kwa tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa bo masome a mabedi , e ne ya nna lefelo le le neng la tlhotlheletsa lefelo la Shiwa Ngandu le le neng le agilwe ke Stewart Gore-Browne, yo o neng a dirisa mopeleto o o farologaneng wa leina leno. == Metswedi == at9blw3d3z90bajoo85i3wmqucqcxhy 51492 51489 2026-06-25T06:38:30Z Lucrucia98 12161 51492 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Ishiba Ng'andu''' ke letsha le le gaufi le metsi a a fa gare ga dinoka tsa Luangwa le Chambeshi mo metsaneng ya Muchinga kwa lefatsheng la [[Zambia]], mo letlhakoreng la Chambeshi. Leina la lone ka puo ya Se-Bemba le kaya 'letšha la kwena ya segosi.' E boleele jwa dikilometara di le tlhano ka 1.5 (3.11 × 0.93). Ke lefelo le le botlhokwa mo bathong ba Bemba jaaka naga e, kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le bosupa , [[Chitimukulu wa Ng'andu]] (kwena) Clan a neng a kopana le kwena e e suleng, mme a tsaya seno jaaka sesupo, a tlhoma batho ba gagwe morago ga go kgarakgatshega ga bone go tswa kwa Bogosing jwa Lunda dikilometara di le 1 000 (620 mi) go ya kwa botlhaba. [[David Livingstone]], yo e neng e le morongwa e bile e le mmatlisisi, o ne a etela letsha leno, mme kwena e ne ya tsaya ntša ya gagwe ya mo isa teng. Lefelo leno le ne le na le diphologolo tse dintsi tsa naga go fitlha mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bo masome a mabedi la dingwaga. Kwa tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa bo masome a mabedi , e ne ya nna lefelo le le neng la tlhotlheletsa lefelo la Shiwa Ngandu le le neng le agilwe ke Stewart Gore-Browne, yo o neng a dirisa mopeleto o o farologaneng wa leina leno.<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_Lamb]</ref> == Metswedi == nscnoc8ram2v3po5xyvl2e0wsnqnunt 0 14031 51490 2026-06-25T06:19:31Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Mutanda 51490 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Mutanda''' ke letsha le lennye la metsi a a phepa kwa [[Uganda|Uganda.]] == Lefelo == [[Setshwantsho:Lake-Mutanda Uganda(1).jpg|thumb|Letsha la Mutunda]] Letsha leno le kwa kgaolong ya Kisoro kwa borwabophirima jwa Uganda, mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a mabedi kwa bokone jwa toropo ya [[Kisoro]], kwa ntlokgolo ya kgaolo e leng teng.<ref>[http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kisoro%20(Kisoro)&toplace=Lake%20Mutanda%20(Kisoro)&fromlat=-1.3538889&tolat=-1.2086111&fromlng=29.6983333&tolng=29.6752778 Map Showing Kisoro and Lake Mutanda with Distance Marker]</ref> Lefelo le le bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a mane le maasome a matlhano le bone, ka tsela, borwabophirima jwa Kampala, motsemogolo wa Uganda le toropo e tona go gaisa. <ref>[http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kampala%20()&toplace=Lake%20Mutanda%20(Kisoro)&fromlat=0.3155556&tolat=-1.2086111&fromlng=32.5655556&tolng=29.6752778 Road Distance Between Kampala and Lake Mutanda with Map]</ref>Dikhuduthamaga tsa Letsha la Mutanda ke:01 14 06S, 29 40 12E (Latitude:-1.2350; Longitude:29.6700). == Kakaretso == Dinoka le matsha a kwa borwabophirima jwa Uganda. Letsha la Mutanda ke lone la bobedi ka bogolo mo matsheng a a kwa borwabophirima jwa Uganda. E kwa tlase ga dithaba tsa Virunga, kwa bogodimong jwa dimetara di le sekete le makgolo a robabobedi (5,900 ft). Makgwamolelo a mararo a a mo lefelong leno, a mangwe a one a leng kwa Uganda, e leng: Thaba ya Muhabura, Thaba ya Sabinyo le Thaba ya Gahinga, a ka bonwa go tswa kwa Letsheng la Mutanda. Go na le ditlhaketlhake di le mmalwa mo letsheng leno. Letsha leno le nosediwa ke Noka ya Rutshuru, e e elelang kwa bokone go ya kwa Letsha la Edward. == Dimela le diphologolo == [[Setshwantsho:Lake mutanda 1 LTO - 48264358446.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Mutanda kwa Uganda]] Tikologo e e mo ditlhaketlhakeng tse di mo letsheng leno le mafelo a a dikologileng a akaretsa dikgwa tse di fa thoko ga letsha le mafelo a a bongola a a sireletsang dikorila tsa dithaba tse di mo kotsing ya go nyelela. Mo godimo ga gorilla ya kwa dithabeng le tshwene e e mmala wa gouta kwa Mgahinga Gorilla National Park e e gaufi le yone, tikologo e e fa thoko ga letsha e na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya diphologolo le dimela tse di fitlhelwang fela mo lefelong leno. Mefuta ya dinonyane e akaretsa dinonyane tse di bidiwang di-kingfisher, di-kites, di-ibis le nonyane ya bosetšhaba ya Uganda e leng crested crane. Ditlhaga tsa dinonyane tse di logang di bonwa thata mo ditlhareng tsa lotlhaka tse di fa lotshitshing lwa letsha. Mo godimo ga mefuta e mentsi ya dinonyane, mo lotshitshing lwa letsha leno go na le mefuta e le mmalwa ya dinoga, di-chameleon, di-monitor lizard le mefuta ya digwagwa. Gape go na le mefuta e mentsi ya ditshenekegi. Diphologolo tse di amusang tse di fitlhelwang mo Letsheng la Mutanda di akaretsa otter ya Afrika e e se nang dintshi. Di-hippopotamus le tsone di ne di le teng mo lefelong leno, mme di ne tsa bonwa la bofelo kwa Letsheng la Mutanda ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bone.<ref>[https://www.mcdou.org/thefloraandfaunaoflakemutanda "The Flora and Fauna at Lake Mutanda"]</ref> == Metswedi == f18gq8xv5xlvish0icj9c7340xzngcr 0 14032 51491 2026-06-25T06:35:12Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Kariba 51491 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Kariba.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Kariba]] '''Letsha la Kariba''' ke letsha le legolo go a gaisa otlhe mo lefatsheng le le dirwang ke batho e bile ke lone le le nang le metsi a mantsi. E bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le sekete le makgolo a mararo go tswa mo molomong wa noka ya Zambezi mo Lewatleng la India, go bapa le molelwane magareng ga lefatshe la [[Zambia]] le lefatshe la [[Zimbabwe]]. Letsha la Kariba le ne la tlala fa gare ga ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le borobabobedi (1958 )le ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le boraro (1963) morago ga go wediwa ga Letamo la Kariba kwa ntlheng ya lone ya bokonebotlhaba, le le neng la khurumetsa Kgogometso ya Kariba mo [[Nokeng ya Zambezi.]] Toropo ya Zimbabwe ya Kariba e ne ya agelwa badiri ba kago mo letamong la letsha, fa metse e mengwe e e jaaka motse wa Binga le Mlibizi kwa [[Zimbabwe]] le Siavonga le Sinazongwe kwa lefatsheng la [[Zambia]] e atolositswe go nna batho ba ba fudusitsweng ke go thibiwa ga noka. == Dikarolo tsa Letsha == Letsha la Kariba le boleele jwa dikilometara di feta makgolo a mabedi la masome a mabedi le boraro le bophara jwa dikilometara di le masome a mane. E na le bogolo jwa disekwerekilometara di le 5.580 mme e kgona go boloka metsi a le dikubita di le lekgolo le masome a robabobedi le botlhano tsa dikubita tsa dikilometara. Bogare jwa boteng jwa letsha leno ke dimetara di le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe (95 feet); boteng jo bo kwa godimo ke dimetara di le 97 (318 feet). Ke letamo le legolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng le le dirilweng ke motho ka bogolo, le legolo go feta [[Three Gorges Dam]] <ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9044719/Kariba "Kariba"]. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2007-07-31.</ref>ka makgetlo a le mane. Go dumelwa gore metsi a magolo a a mo lefelong leno a bakile gore go nne le dithoromo tsa lefatshe tse di maatla mo lefelong leno, go akaretsa le dithoromo tsa lefatshe di feta 20 tse di nang le maatla a a fetang botlhano go ya ka sekale sa Richter.<ref>Scholz, C. H.; Koczynski, T. A.; Hutchins, D. G. (1 January 1976). [https://academic.oup.com/gji/article-pdf/44/1/135/1914105/44-1-135.pdf "Evidence for Incipient Rifting in Southern Africa"] (PDF). ''Geophysical Journal International''. '''44''' (1): 135–144. Bibcode:1976GeoJ...44..135S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1976.tb00278.x.</ref> Letsha leno le na le ditlhaketlhake di le mmalwa, go akaretsa Maaze Island, Mashape Island, Chete Island, Sekula, Sampa Karuma, Fothergill, Spurwing, Snake Island, Antelope Island, Bed Island le Chikanka. == Metswedi == 3gb4085hvt6yrkla2mdutppl6mdlic5 0 14033 51493 2026-06-25T06:39:11Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Nabugabo 51493 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Nabugabo.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Nabugabo]] '''Letsha la Nabugabo''' ke letsha le lennye la metsi a a letswai le le kwa [[Uganda|Uganda.]] == Lefelo == Letsha le kwa Masaka District, Central Region ya Uganda, e e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a mabedi le boraro (14 mi), ka tsela, kwa botlhaba jwa toropo ya [[Masaka]]. <ref>[http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Masaka%20(Masaka)&toplace=Lake%20Nabugabo%20(Masaka)&fromlat=-0.3127778&tolat=-0.3358333&fromlng=31.7130556&tolng=31.8747222 Road distance between Masaka and Lake Nabugabo with Map]</ref> == Kakaretso == Letsha la Nabugabo ke letsha la sathalaete la [[Letsha la Victoria]], le le dikilometara di le 4 fela go tswa mo dintshing tsa lone. Lefelo leno le ne la tlhophiwa go nna [[lefelo la Ramsar]] (le le sireleditsweng) ka ntlha ya botlhokwa jwa lone mo bathong le diphologolo. <ref>Sayer, Catherine A.; Máiz-Tomé, Laura; Darwall, William R.T. (2018-04-30). ''Freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin: Guidance for species conservation, site protection, climate resilience and sustainable livelihoods''. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:[[doi:10.2305/iucn.ch.2018.ra.2.en|10.2305/iucn.ch.2018.ra.2.en.]] ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-1896-5|<bdi>978-2-8317-1896-5</bdi>.]]</ref> Go nna le batho ba bantsi le go ikaega ka temothuo go bontsha gore batho ba ba nnang gaufi le letsha ba ikaegile thata ka tikologo ya lone. Mekgwa e e sa siamang ya temothuo e ama boleng jwa metsi le go dirwa ga dijo. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120513155118/http://www.globalnature.org/docs/02_vorlage.asp?id=29837&domid=1011&sp=E&addlastid=&m1=11089&m2=28219&m3=29372&m4=29837 "About Lake Nabugabo"]. Archived from [http://www.globalnature.org/docs/02_vorlage.asp?id=29837&domid=1011&sp=E&addlastid=&m1=11089&m2=28219&m3=29372&m4=29837 the original] on 2012-05-13. Retrieved 2009-08-18.</ref> == Ditso == Letsha la Nabugabo le ne la bopega ka ntlha ya dithotana tsa motlhaba tse di neng tsa nna gone ka ntlha ya diphefo tse di maatla. Letsha leno le kgaogantswe le Letsha la Victoria ke moshawa. Tshekatsheko ya sediment core ya boleele jwa dimetara di le dikete tse pedi le masome a supa e e kgobokantsweng gaufi le bogare jwa letsha e bontshitse gore Letsha la Nabugabo le ne le kgaogane le Letsha la Victoria dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse tlhano tse di fetileng.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120513155118/http://www.globalnature.org/docs/02_vorlage.asp?id=29837&domid=1011&sp=E&addlastid=&m1=11089&m2=28219&m3=29372&m4=29837 "History of Lake Nabugabo".] Archived from [http://www.globalnature.org/docs/02_vorlage.asp?id=29837&domid=1011&sp=E&addlastid=&m1=11089&m2=28219&m3=29372&m4=29837 the original] on 2012-05-13. Retrieved 2009-08-18.</ref> == Dimela le diphologolo == Go na le mefuta e ka nna makgolo a mararo 300 ya dimela e e ileng ya begiwa. Lefelo leno le na le dimela di le pedi tse di thunyang tse di sa bonweng gope go sele, mme go na le mefuta e le lesome le bone ya dimela tse di fitlhelwang fela mo lefelong leno. Sebopego se se kgatlhisang thata sa dimela tse di sa tlwaelegang tsa Nabugabo ke go rena ga dimela tse di jang nama. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220303133712/https://www.globalnature.org/35627/Living-Lakes/National-Networks/Network-East-Africa/Nabugabo/resindex.aspx "GNF - Lake Nabugabo".] ''www.globalnature.org''. Archived from [https://www.globalnature.org/35627/Living-Lakes/National-Networks/Network-East-Africa/Nabugabo/resindex.aspx the original] on 2022-03-03. Retrieved 2022-03-03.</ref><ref><code><nowiki>{{cite journal}}</nowiki></code>: Cite journal requires <code>|journal=</code> (help)</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220127064959/http://lake-nabugabo.net/nabugabo.htm "The Lake"]. ''www.lake-nabugabo.net''. Archived from [http://www.lake-nabugabo.net/nabugabo.htm the original] on 2022-01-27. Retrieved 2022-03-03.</ref><ref>[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1099968 "Nabugabo declared Ramsar wetland".] ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2022-03-03.</ref><ref>[https://www.newvision.co.ug/articledetails/1069128 "Lake Has Meat Eating Plants".] ''New Vision''. Retrieved 2022-03-03.</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Mirror-like water during Lake Nabugabo sunrise.jpg|thumb|Metsi a a tshwanang le seipone fa letsatsi le tlhaba mo Letsheng la Nabugabo]] Tikologo ya diphologolo e na le mefuta e mentsi ya diphologolo tsa botlhokwa. Go fitlhelwa di-hippopotamus le di-sitatunga. Mo gare ga dinonyane, dinonyane tse dingwe tse di fitlhelwang ke di-kingfisher le di-grey crowned crane. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120513155118/http://www.globalnature.org/docs/02_vorlage.asp?id=29837&domid=1011&sp=E&addlastid=&m1=11089&m2=28219&m3=29372&m4=29837 "The Flora and Fauna of Lake Nabugabo".] Archived from [http://www.globalnature.org/docs/02_vorlage.asp?id=29837&domid=1011&sp=E&addlastid=&m1=11089&m2=28219&m3=29372&m4=29837 the original] on 2012-05-13. Retrieved 2009-08-18.</ref> Letsha la Nabugabo ke lefelo le le botlhokwa le dinonyane di le mmalwa tse di fudugang di emang mo go lone == Ditlhapi == [[Setshwantsho:Monkey gymnastics.jpg|thumb]] Letša la Nabugabo, le le akaretsang letsha le legolo le matsha a a amanang le lone a Kayanja, Kayugi le Manywa (tsotlhe di kgaogantswe le Letsha la Nabugabo ke matsha), le na le ditlhapi tse dintsi, segolobogolo mefuta e le robedi ya di-haplochromine cichlids: di-Haplochromis annectidens, H. beadlei, H. simpsoni, H. velifer le H. venator, fa H. nubilus, Astatoreochromis alluaudi le Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor le tsone di fitlhelwa mo matsheng a mangwe a kgaolo ya Great Lakes. <ref name=":0">Mwanja, W.W.; A.S. Armoudlian; S.B. Wandera; L. Kaufman; L. Wu; G.C. Booton; P.A. Fuerst (2001). "The bounty of minor lakes: the role of small satellite water bodies in evolution and conservation of fishes in the Lake Victoria Region, East Africa". ''Hydrobiologia''. '''458''' (1): 55–62. doi:[[doi:10.1023/A:1013167725047|10.1023/A:1013167725047.]] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6439470 6439470.]</ref> <ref name=":1">Namulemo, G.; D. Mbabazi (2005). "Nabugabo lakes and their current conservation status". In H. Busulwa; P.G. Mafabi; L.M. Ndawula (eds.). ''A compilation of scientific information on Nabugabo Ramsar Site, Uganda''. Kampala, Uganda, Wetlands Inspection Division. pp. 76–84.</ref><ref>Genner, M.J.; P. Nichols; G.R. Carvalho; R.L. Robinson; P.W. Shaw; A. Smith; G.F. Turner (2007). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2287380 "Evolution of a cichlid fish in a Lake Malawi satellite lake".] ''Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences''. '''274''' (1623): 2249–2257. doi:[[doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0619|10.1098/rspb.2007.0619]]. PMC [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2287380 2287380.] PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17623644 17623644.]</ref>Fela jaaka kwa Letsheng la Victoria, Noka ya Nile e e jang diphologolo tse dintsi e ile ya tsenngwa mo Nabugabo. Le fa go ntse jalo, le fa bontsi jwa di-haplokromine tsa letsha la Victoria di nyeletse, di-haplokromine tsa letsha la Nabugabo tsone di sa ntse di le teng, mme di tsewa di le mo kotsing. <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":1" /> H. annectidens le H. venator di setse di bonwa sewelo, mme go lebega fa ya bofelo e nyeletse go tswa kwa Letsheng la Nabugabo ka bolone, le fa gone e tshela mo matsheng a Kayanja le Kayugi.<ref name=":1" /> Nile perch ga e ise e tsenngwe mo matsheng a Kayanja, Kayugi le Manywa, mme di botlhokwa mo go faloleng ga di-haplochromine tse di sa tlwaelegang.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Gape di tshegetsa dipalo tsa Singida tilapia e e tshosediwang, e e nyeletseng go tswa kwa Nabugabo le matsha a mangwe a le mmalwa mo kgaolong ya Great Lakes.<ref name=":1" /> Mefuta e mengwe e mebedi ya ditshedi tsa kwa Great Lakes, Bagrus docmak e e anameng thata le Victoria tilapia e e mo kotsing ya go nyelela, e kile ya bo e le teng kwa Letsheng la Nabugabo mme e ne e tshegetsa ditlhapi tse di botlhokwa mo hisitoring. Go lebega di nyeletse go tswa kwa Letsheng la Nabugabo mme ga go itsiwe gore di teng kwa mafelong a mangwe mo Nabugabo lake system. Go na le ditlhapi di le mmalwa tse di tlholegang kwa Letsheng la Nabugabo mme di sa ntse di tshela koo, go akaretsa marble lungfish, Mastacembelus frenatus, Enteromius barbs, Sadler's robber tetra, silver butter catfish, Fischer's Victoria squeaker, longnose stonebasher, Victoria stonebasher le Petrocephalus catostoma.<ref name=":1" /> Mo godimo ga Nile perch, blue-spotted tilapia, Nile tilapia, redbreast tilapia le redbelly tilapia di ne tsa tsenngwa.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Metswedi == 4gkanz2p2md2ei1w25rdu39f9eiu3mx 0 14034 51494 2026-06-25T06:48:38Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Inkisi #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51494 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Inkisi|river_name=Mto Inkisi|image_name=Zongo, Province du Bas-Congo, RD Congo. Une vue sur les superbes chutes de Zongo sur la rivière Inkisi, dont les eaux bouillonnantes plongent d’une hauteur de 65 mètres. (19213974360).jpg|caption=Diphororo tsa Zongo kwa nokeng ya Inkisi|image_map=Democratic Republic of the Congo relief location map.jpg|mouth=[[Noka ya Congo]]|location=Zongo}} '''Noka ya Inkisi''' (ka teme ya [[Swahili]]: Mto Inkisi, ka seFora: Riviere Inkisi) ke motswedi wa bofelo (o o gaufi thata le molomo wa noka) wa metswedi e metona ya [[noka ya Congo]], ke yone ya ntlha kwa lotshitshing lo lo kwa borwa (kwa molemeng), kwa bophirima jwa legare la [[Aferika|Aforika]].<ref>''Research on Hydropower Development and Delivery in Congo River''. Springer. April 6, 2020. p. 14. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/9789811534287|<bdi>9789811534287</bdi>.]]</ref> Toropo ya Zongo e gaufi le bokopano le noka ya Congo, kwa motlakase o fetlhiwang teng gape go na le borogo.<ref>Saul, Bernard, ed. (2008). ''The Columbia Gazetteer of the World: A to G''. Columbia University Press. p. 1682.</ref> == Metswedi == 3p0rgfz6fpt0tbx81lwzymwmb0vpkg3 0 14035 51495 2026-06-25T06:49:52Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Kashiba 51495 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Kashiba boundary.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Kashiba]] '''Letsha la Kashiba''' le kwa borwabophirima jwa Luanshya kwa lefatsheng la [[Zambia]], gaufi le Mpongwe le St Anthony's Mission. == Hydrography == Letsha la Kashiba le itsege thata ka makadiba a le mmalwa a mannye a a boteng a a kwa kgaolong ya Ndola a a bidiwang "Matsha a a Kgametseng". Di fitlhelwa mo letlapeng la kalaka mme di ne tsa bakiwa ke go bo metsi a ne a dira mo letlapeng, a le tlhotlholola le go dira dikhuti tse kgabagare di neng tsa thubega, di tlogela dikhuti tse di boteng tse di tletseng metsi. Kashiba ke letsha le le kgatlhang thata mme le kaya "letsha le lennye". E bogolo jwa diheketara di le 3,5 (heketara di le 8,6) mme boteng jwa yone bo ka nna dimetara di le masome a supa kwa ntlheng ya borwa le dimetara di ka nna lekgolo le masome a matlhano kwa ntlheng ya bokone. Boemo jwa metsi bo ka nna dimetara di le 10 ka fa tlase ga sekgwa se se dikologileng, mme ka metsi a a phepa a a pududu, go motlhofo go bona ditlhapi, tse bontsi jwa tsone e leng di-bream, le di-carp dingwe == Ditlhamane tsa lefelo leo == Ditlhamane tsa lefelo leo di thibela go tshwara ditlhapi kwa Kashiba ka gonne di ka se apewe go sa kgathalesege gore ke nako efe. Gape go bolelwa gore Kashiba e na le sebatana se se bidiwang  [[Ichitapa]]  kgotsa [[lsoka lkulu]]. Fa monna a ema mo matlapeng mo lotshitshing lwa letsha, a na le moriti wa gagwe mo godimo ga metsi, sebatana se tswa mo boteng mme se tshwara moriti, fa se dira jalo, motho o a swa ditokololo mme a wele mo metsing.<ref>Siegel, Brian. [https://scholarexchange.furman.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=ant-publications "Water Spirits and Mermaids: The CopperbeltChitapo".] ''Anthropology''.</ref> Mme ditlhamane tse di itsegeng thata tsa Kashiba di simologile bogologolo mo hisitoring ya batho ba Ba-Lamba, go fitlha ka Kabunda, morwa Chipimpi, kgosi e e neng ya tla go tswa kwa bophirima ka dipeo go tla go jala ditshingwana tsa ntlha tsa batho. Ka letsatsi lengwe, fa batho ba ga Chipimpi ba sena go fetsa go apesa lebenkele la dijo tsa dithoro, o ne a ba naya botlhe boupe gore ba je, mme Kabunda le setlogolo sa gagwe, o ne a ba naya podi gore ba tlhatswe seretse ka madi a podi. Mme Kabunda o ne a batla madi a motho, mme Kapimpi o ne a mo naya lekgoba gore a le bolaye. Kabunda o ne a bolaya lekgoba leo ka motsekedi wa gagwe, a re: "Jaanong re batho ba Tlhopha la Moriri, ka gonne re bolaile monna yo o nang le moriri mo tlhogong. Mme lona, rre le ntsalake, lo batho ba morafe wa Dipodi.' Mme Kabunda o ne a bolaya Chipimpi mme a nna moeteledipele. Fa nako e ntse e tsamaya, Kabunda o ne a simolola go tshwara ba losika lwa ga Chipimpi ba babotlana makgwakgwa, maloko a Lotso lwa Dipodi, mme ba ne ba galefa, ba bolela gore e ne e le ba lotso lwa kgosi mme ba ne ba sa tshwanela go tshwarwa ka tsela eo. "Jaanong a re ipolaeng! A re boneng gore ke eng se se tla salang! Kabunda a ka nna a sala, mme bogosi e ka nna jwa gagwe!" Ka jalo botlhe ba ne ba ya kwa Kashiba, koo ba neng ba tsaya dilwana tsa bone tsotlhe le dithoto tse ba neng ba di tshotse, dipodi le dikoko le dintša, ba bo ba ipofa mmogo ka mogala o moleele mme ba itatlhela mo letsheng. Mme leloko lengwe la Leopard Clan le ne le le kwa bofelong jwa thapo, mme ka nako ya bofelo, o ne a e kgaola fa pele ga mosadi wa gagwe mme a mo busetsa kwa motseng, koo a neng a nna mmaagwe Ba-Goat Clan botlhe. == Metswedi == jrc2s74ypqakci2vi7evcob5wt6g6za 0 14036 51496 2026-06-25T06:57:42Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Mofwe 51496 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Zambia relief location map.svg|thumb|'''Zambia relief location map''']] Letsha la Mofwe ke mogogoro o motona go feta e mengwe e le mmalwa e e mo mekgokoloseng ya Noka ya Luapula kwa borwa jwa [[Letsha la Rweru|Letsha la Mweru]], kwa metsaeg ya Luapula kwa lefatsheg la [[Zambia]]. == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == Bogolo jwa yone le popego ya yone di ikaegile ka dipaka le selekanyo sa metsi a a elelang mo mekgatšheng, segolobogolo a a tswang kwa Nokeng ya Mbereshi e e ka fa borwabotlhaba, e e leng motswedi wa yone o mogolo. Ka kakaretso, bokone jwa yone le borwa jwa yone bo boleele jwa dikilometara di le lesome le bone mme botlhaba jwa yone le bophirima jwa yone bo boleele jwa dikilometara di le thataro . Ditlhaketlhake tsa sedge tse di kokobalang gantsi di fitlhelwa mo moleng wa botlhaba go ya bophirima go kgabaganya bogare jwa yone, e leng se se ka nnang sa e kgaoganya ka bogare, mme ka dinako tse dingwe dimela di ne di khurumeditse karolo e kgolo ya borwa jwa yone. Botlhokwa jwa Mofwe bo ikaegile ka ditlhapi tsa yone, tse di gogetseng Mwata Kazembe go ya go nna kwa toropong ya Kanyembo kwa ntlheng ya botlhaba jwa yone ka ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le boroabongwe .<ref>Macola, Giacomo (2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ta65FvaCA9kC&dq=Mofwe+Lagoon&pg=PA50 ''The kingdom of Kazembe: history and politics in North-Eastern Zambia and Katanga to 1950 (Studies on African History)'',] Lit Verlag, p. 50. ISBN 3-8258-5997-5</ref>Mofwe ga e na lotshitshi lo lo tlhomameng mme ga go bonolo go ya kwa go lone, ka gonne le na le matlhakore a a kitlaneng a matlhaka a a kwa godimo thata, mme le na le mekorwana e e kokobalang le ditlhaketlhake tsa sedge tse di fetolang matlhakore le popego ya lone gangwe le gape. Batshwaraditlhapi ba mo lefelong leo ba tsamaya ka mekorwana e megolo e e tswetsweng mo metsing go ralala melatswana e mennye go ralala lotlhaka go ya kwa metsing a a bulegileng. Metsi a a mo letsheng le a a dikologileng a na le dinonyane tsa naga le dikwena. Letsha leno le kgaogantswe le noka e kgolo ya Luapula ka dikilometara di le thataro tsa mafelo a a nang le metsi a mantsi. Le fa ditlhatsana tsa Luapula di le bophara jwa masome a mararo go ya go 40 km mo karolong e kgolo ya boleele jwa tsona jwa 100 km, mo ntlheng e e gaufi le Mofwe, lebopo la bophirima la Luapula le bopilwe ke setlhaketlhake mo DR Congo fela 12 km go tswa Kanyembo. Seno se dira gore go nne motlhofo go gweba le go tsamaisa dilo ka bokukuntshwane ka mekoro go ralala dikanala le matsha a a mo mogobeng. == Metswedi == 1zuao4jt0hcffbj3dku9jytjec5hcr3 0 14037 51497 2026-06-25T06:58:24Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Opeta 51497 wikitext text/x-wiki Letsha la Opeta ke letsha le le nang le mafelo a mantsi a a nang le metsi kwa Uganda. [[Setshwantsho:Kyoga Lake Complex OSM.jpg|thumb|Lefelo la Letsha la Kyoga le Opeta (kafa mojeng)]] Lefelo le le bongola le kwa borwa jwa [[Pian Upe Wildlife Reserve]] mme le dira jaaka lefelo la go iphitlha la paka e e omeletseng la diphologolo tsa naga go tswa kwa phakeng le dikgomo tsa kwa gae tsa batho ba [[Karamajong le Pokot.]] <ref>Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130107023855/http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-pubs-notes-annotated-ramsar-15873/main/ramsar/1-30-168%5E15873_4000_0__ "The Annotated Ramsar List: Uganda".] Archived from [http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-pubs-notes-annotated-ramsar-15873/main/ramsar/1-30-168%5E15873_4000_0__ the original] on 7 January 2013. Retrieved 28 June 2012.</ref> == Maranyane a metsi == Letsha la Opeta le nosediwa thata ke pula e e nang mo Thabeng ya Elgon mme le elela mo [[Letsha la Kyoga]] ka [[Letsha la Bisina]]. E dikologilwe ke seretse se segolo le lebala la merwalela. <ref name=":0">Byaruhanga, Achilles; Kigolo, Stephen (2005). ''[http://www.wetlands.org/reports/ris/1UG006_RISen06.pdf Lake Opeta Wetland System Ramsar Information Sheet]'' (PDF). Kampala</ref> == Tlhokomelo == Letsha la Opeta ke lengwe la mafelo a masome a mararo le boraro a a botlhokwa a dinonyane a Uganda mme fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro ke lefelo la Ramsar le le botlhokwa mo lefatsheng lotlhe. <ref name=":0" /> Biodiversity and Eco-Tourism Centre e tshegeditswe ka matlole ke Global Environmental Facility le UNDP e direla letsha. <ref>International Union for Conservation of Nature. [http://www.iucn.org/about/union/secretariat/offices/esaro/?9697/A-Biodiversity-and-Eco-Tourism-Center-Commissioned-In-The-Lake-Opeta-Ramsar-Site "Commissioned in the Lake Opeta Ramsar Site".] Retrieved 28 June 2012.</ref> Letsha la Opeta le mafelo a a dikologileng a lone a kwa botlhaba jwa Uganda, dikilometara di le 25 kwa bokonebotlhaba jwa toropo ya Kumi. Lefelo leno la Ramsar le bogodimo jwa dimetara di le 1 050 kwa godimo ga lewatle mme le bogolo jwa diheketara di le 68 913. Lefelo leno le le nang le mafelo a a bongola le emela karolo e e kwa botlhaba jwa lekadiba la Lake Kyoga. E na le kgaolo e kgolo e e nang le merwalela magareng ga lefelo la Ramsar la Letsha la Bisina (le le elelelang kwa Letsha la Kyoga) kwa bophirima le botlase jwa Thaba ya Elgon, e e leng thaba e kgolo ya lekgwamolelo e e nyeletseng, kwa borwabotlhaba. Matsha a letsha la Opeta a supa melelwane e e kwa borwa ya kgaolo e kgolo, e e omeletseng ya Karamoja e e atologang go bapa le letlhakore la botlhaba la Uganda magareng ga Thaba ya Elgon le molelwane o o kgakala wa Sudan, e e ka nnang dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo kwa bokone. <ref>Petridis, D.; Sinis, A. (1997), "The benthic fauna of Lake Mikri Prespa", ''Lake Prespa, Northwestern Greece'', Springer Netherlands, pp. 95–105, doi:10.[[doi:10.1007/978-94-011-5180-1_7|1007/978-94-011-5180-1_7]], ISBN 978-94-010-6179-7</ref> == Dinonyane == Fox's weaver, mofuta o le mongwe fela wa dinonyane tsa kwa Uganda, o itsege ka go nna mo lefelong le le bongola, fela jaaka go ntse ka mofuta o o tshosediwang lefatshe ka bophara wa shoebill, papyrus gonolek le mefuta e mengwe e le lekgolo le masome a marataro. <ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == tuk2qcjsxs83th1br340vgz9xqa026f 0 14038 51501 2026-06-25T07:23:29Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Mweru 51501 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Mweru Sentinel-2.png|thumb|Letsha la Mweru]] '''Letsha la Mweru''' (le gape le bidiwang Mwelu, Mwero) (French: Lac Moero, Swahili: Ziwa Mweru) ke letsha la metsi a a phepa mo letsogong le le leele la noka ya bobedi e telele mo Afrika, e leng Congo. E mo molelwaneng wa [[Zambia]] le [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], e dira 110 kilometres (68 mi) ya boleele jwa Congo, e e leng fa gare ga noka ya Luapula (kwa godimo) le noka ya Luvua (kwa tlase).<ref name=":0">[[:en:Google_Earth|Google Earth]] accessed 29 March 2007. When in flood Lake Bangweulu and its swamps may temporarily have a larger area, but not a larger volume</ref> Mweru e raya 'letšha' mo dipuong di le mmalwa tsa Bantu, ka jalo gantsi e bidiwa 'Mweru' fela.<ref name=":1">The ''[[:en:Northern_Rhodesia_Journal|Northern Rhodesia Journal]]'' online at NZRAM.org: J B W Anderson: "Kilwa Island and the Luapula." Vol II, No. 3 pp87–88 (1954)</ref> == Thutafatshe == Mweru o fepiwa thata ke Noka ya Luapula, e e tlang ka makgwafo go tswa kwa borwa, le Noka ya Kalungwishi go tswa kwa botlhaba. Kwa ntlheng ya bokone jwa letsha leno go na le Noka ya Luvua, e e elelang kwa ntlheng ya bokonebophirima go kopana le Noka ya Lualaba mme go tswa foo e elela go ya kwa Congo. Ke letsha la bobedi ka bogolo mo sedibeng sa kgelelo ya metsi ya Congo mme le dikilometara di le 150 (93 mi) kwa bophirima jwa kwa ntlheng ya borwa jwa letsha le legolo, Lake Tanganyika.<ref name=":0" /> Noka ya Luapula e dira lefelo le le tletseng seretse le le ka nnang bophara jwa karolo e e kwa borwa ya letsha leno. Ka ditsela di le dintsi, noka e e kwa tlase le letsha di ka tsewa e le selo se le sengwe fela. Mweru ga e fetofetoge thata ka selekanyo sa metsi le ka bogolo jwa one jaaka e le letsha le le mo kgaolong e e nang le dipaka tse di omileng le tse di omileng. Phokotsego ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya bogodimo ke 1.7 metres (5 ft 7 in), ka dipaka tse di kwa godimo ka Motsheganong le dipaka tse di kwa tlase ka Ferikgong.<ref name=":2">AR Bos, CK Kapasa and PAM van Zwieten (2006). "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232322577 Update on the bathymetry of Lake Mweru (Zambia), with notes on water level fluctuations".] ''African Journal of Aquatic Science''. '''31''' (1): 145–150. doi:10.2989/16085910609503882. S2CID 86387950.</ref>Se ke ka ntlha ya gore noka ya Luapula e elela go tswa kwa Bangweulu Swamps le mo dipoeng tsa merwalela tse di ratang go laola go elela ga metsi, go monya merwalela ya ngwaga le ngwaga le go e golola ka bonya, le ka ntlha ya gore noka ya Mweru, e leng Luvua, e elela ka bonako, e sa thibelwe ke dimela.<ref name=":0" />Go tlhatloga ga metsi kwa Mweru go emisiwa ka bonako ke go elela ga metsi ka lobelo kwa tlase ga Luvua. Boleele jwa Mweru ke 118 kilometres (73 mi) le bophara jwa yone ke 45 kilometres (28 mi), le selekane sa yone se se telele se sekametse kwa bokone-botlhaba go ya borwa-bophirima. Bogodimo jwa yone ke 917 metres (3,009 ft), e e kwa godimo go feta Tanganyika (763 metres (2,503 ft)).<ref name=":0" />Ke letsha la mogogoro le le leng mo letsheng la Mweru-Luapula graben, le e leng lekala la East African Rift .<ref name=":1" />Lebopo la bophirima la letsha le le kwa DR Congo le bontsha lekgabana le le tsholetsegileng le le tlwaelegileng la letsha la mogogoro, le tlhatlogela kwa Dithabeng tsa Kundelungu go feta, mme lekgabana la mogogoro ga le a totobala thata mo lebopong la botlhaba. Mweru ga e boteng kwa borwa mme e boteng kwa bokone, e na le dikhuti tse pedi kwa karolong ya bokone-botlhaba ka boteng jo bo kwa godimo jwa masome a mabedi le masome a mabedi le bosupa metres (66 le 89 ft).<ref name=":2" /> Letsha le lennye le le nang le matsha le le bidiwang Mweru Wantipa (le gape le itsegeng ka Mweru Marshes) le dikilometara di le masome a matlhano (31 mi) kwa botlhaba jwa lone, le kwa bokone jwa Kalungwishi. E na le endoreic mme tota e tsaya metsi go tswa kwa Kalungwishi ka dambo nako e ntsi, mme ka dinako tsa merwalela e e kwa godimo e ka tshologela mo Kalungwishi le Letsha la Mweru. <ref>See the [[:en:Lake_Mweru_Wantipa|Lake Mweru Wantipa]] article for references</ref> == Metswedi == 7p909mxk1900l44jmdg8si8g6y0mu1a 0 14039 51504 2026-06-25T07:36:09Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Wamala 51504 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Wamala.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Wamala]] '''Letsha la Wamala k'''e letsha la metsi a a foreshe kwa [[Uganda]]. <ref name=":0">Lanyero, Flavia (20 September 2013). [http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/L--Wamala-in-danger-as-boundaries-are-sold-off/688334-2000010-cqvmwm/index.html "Lake Wamala in danger as boundaries are sold off"]. ''[[:en:Daily_Monitor|Daily Monitor]]''. Kampala. Retrieved 29 October 2016.</ref>Mafelo a yone a a nang le metsi a na le mefuta ya dinonyane le diphologolo tse di mo kotsing ya go nyelela go akaretsa [[sitatunga]] ("enjobe" ka Se-Luganda). <ref name=":1">Tenywa, Gerald (2 May 2005). [http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1125826/local-green-sites-global-status "Local green sites to get global status".] ''New Vision''. Kampala. Retrieved 29 October 2016.</ref>Letsha leno le botlhokwa thata mo ngwaong le mo setsong sa batho ba kwa [[Buganda]] kwa Bogare jwa Uganda. <ref name=":2">GNF (29 October 2016). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180717213041/https://www.globalnature.org/35633/Living-Lakes/National-Networks/Network-East-Africa/Wamala/resindex.aspx "Global Nature Fund: Lake Wamala - Uganda".] Global Nature Fund (GNF). Archived from the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 29 October 2016.</ref> == Lefelo == Letsha leno le kgaogantswe ke [[dikgaolo tsa Kassanda]], [[Mityana]], le [[Gomba]] mo Kgaolong ya Buganda ya Uganda. Sekgala sa tsela magareng ga bogare jwa Mityana le Kalyankoko, Kimuli, Kgaolo ya Mityana, mo lotshitshing lo lo kwa botlhaba jwa Letsha la Wamala ke dikilometara di ka nna lesome le bosupa .<ref>Globefeed.com (29 October 2016). [http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Uganda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Mityana%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda&toplace=Kalyankoko%2C%20Kimuli%2C%20Central%20Region%2C%20Uganda%2C&dt1=ChIJHSsBi5oZfRcRylSQTsxXUDI&dt2=ChIJCbxWjsA9fRcRCPlJSthINR4 "Distance between Mityana, Central Region, Uganda and Kalyankoko, Kimuli, Central Region, Uganda"]. Globefeed.com. Retrieved 29 October 2016</ref> Mafelo a letsha la Wamala ke 0°20'44.0"N, 31°53'16.0"E (Latitude:0.345545; Longitude:31.887778).<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/0%C2%B020'44.0%22N+31%C2%B053'16.0%22E/@0.3472796,31.7228356,9.97z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d0.345545!4d31.887778 "Location of Lake Wamala, Central Region, Uganda"] (Map). ''[[:en:Google_Maps|Google Maps]]''. Retrieved 29 October 2016.</ref> == Kakaretso == Letsha la Wamala le na le botona jwa square kilometres tse makgolo a mabedi le botlhano (97 mi2).[ 3] E na le ditlhaketlhake di le dintsi, go akaretsa Lwanju Island, Mabo Island, le Bagwe Island, Kiraza, Kazinga, gareng ga tse dingwe. Dinoka di le mmalwa di elela mo letsheng leno, go akaretsa Noka ya Nyanzi, [[Noka ya Kitenga]], Noka ya Kaabasuma, Noka ya Mpamujugu le Noka ya Bbimbye. Letsha leno le elela ka Noka ya Kibimba go tsena mo Nokaneng ya Katonga, e le yone e elelang mo [[Letsha la Victoria]]. Le fa go ntse jalo, Noka ya Kibimba e nna e ntse e elela ka dinako tse di farologaneng mme gantsi e nna e ntse e sa elele. Letsha la Wamala le botlhokwa mo ikonoming le mo setsong mme le tsamaisiwa mmogo ke dikgaolo tsa Mubende, Mityana le Mpigi, tseo nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e nang le karolo ya letsha le le mo melelwaneng e e tshwanang. <ref name=":1" /> == Ditso == Mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le dikete tse nne tse di fetileng, Letsha la Wamala e ne e le karolo ya [[Letsha la Victoria]], mme fa e sa le ka nako eo le ne la fokotsega go nna jaaka le ntse gompieno. Kgang nngwe e e seng boammaaruri e bolela gore Letsha la Wamala le tserwe leina la lone go tswa go Kgosi Wamala, kgosi ya bofelo ya bogosi jwa Bachwezi le gore Kgosi Wamala o ne a nyelela mo letsheng mo lefelong le le gaufi le motse wa batshwari ba ditlhapi wa Lubajja o o bidiwang Nakyegalika mme moya wa gagwe o nna mo letsheng. <ref name=":2" /> == Dimela le diphologolo == Dimela tse di dikologileng Letsha la Wamala di tletse ka papirase, dilo tse dingwe tse di phaphaselang le dimela tse di nnang mo metsing. Gape go na le ditlhare tse di jaaka Raphia le ditlhare tse dingwe tsa mokolane. Mefuta e e farologaneng ya diphologolo tse di jaaka sitatunga, dikolobe tsa naga, dipitse tsa naga, dikgama tsa naga, dikgama tsa metsi, ditshwene tsa vervet, di-baboon, dikgogo tsa kwa Guinea le turaco di nna gaufi le letsha leno. Mefuta ya ditlhapi e e leng teng e akaretsa tilapia, catfish le lungfish. <ref name=":2" /> == Mekgwa ya go tshwara ditlhapi == [[Setshwantsho:Ebyenyanja ku mudala.jpg|thumb|Tiro ya go tshwara ditlhapi e dirilwe kwa Letsheng la Wamala.]] Ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa, Letsha la Wamala e ne e le motswedi o mogolo wa ditlhapi tse di foreshe le tse di tshubilweng tse di neng di rekisiwa mo lefelong leo le mo ditoropong tse dikgolo tsa Buganda. Ka ntlha ya tsamaiso e e sa siamang le go sa laolesege, go sa laolesege go thaya ditlhapi mo letsheng, ditlhapi di ne tsa felelwa ke metsi mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bosekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa.<ref name=":0" /> Phetogo ya tlelaemete gape e dirile gore maemo a letsha a nne maswe le go feta, mme seno se utlwisitse batshwaraditlhapi ba lefelo leo le ba malapa a bone botlhoko. <ref>Musinguzi, Laban; Efitre, Jackson; Odongkara, Konstantine; Ogutu-Ohwayo, Richard; Muyodi, Fredrick; Natugonza, Vianny; Olokotum, Mark; Namboowa, Sharon; Naigaga, Shamim (2016). "Fishers' perceptions of climate change, impacts on their livelihoods and adaptation strategies in environmental change hotspots: A case of Lake Wamala, Uganda". ''Environment, Development and Sustainability''. '''18''' (4): 1255–1273. doi:10[[doi:10.1007/s10668-015-9690-6|.1007/s10668-015-9690-6.]] S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154576359 154576359].</ref> Lengwe la matsha a a phepa go a gaisa otlhe mo Uganda le le nang le metsi a a ritibetseng (Researched by Ariiho Robert Kahiigi). == Metswedi == 8weeiqqir7ob8k7u5z8zdkgviwr7mbr 0 14040 51506 2026-06-25T07:39:14Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Nasho 51506 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Nasho''' ke letsha la kwa lefatsheng la [[Rwanda]], le le kwa kgaolong ya Botlhaba. Bogodimo jwa yone bo lekanyediwa go nna dimetara di le sekete ,makgolo a mabedi le masome a robabobedi le borataro.<ref>[https://rw.geoview.info/lac_nasho,201721 "Lake Nasho, Eastern Province, Rwanda".] ''rw.geoview.info''. Retrieved 6 April 2026</ref><ref>[https://fr.getamap.net/cartes/rwanda/kibungo/_nasho_lac/ "Lac Nasho (Nasho Lake) Carte (Plan), Photos et la meteo - (Rwanda): lac - Latitude:-2.04472 and Longitude:30.7306".] ''fr.getamap.net''. Retrieved 6 April 2026.</ref> E kwa motseng wa Akagera, Kayonza District, Eastern Province, Rwanda. <ref>[https://sandee.com/rwanda/eastern-province/akagera-village/lake-nasho "Lake Nasho, Rwanda - ALL You Need To Know".] ''sandee.com''. Retrieved 6 April 2026.</ref>Letsha leno le kwa karolong e e kwa borwa jwa kgaolo ya Akagera. Letsha la Nasho le na le bogodimo jo bo ka nnang 3.5 km2.<ref>[https://wldb.ilec.or.jp/ "Lake Nasho – World Lakes Database".] International Lake Environment Committee (ILEC). Retrieved 6 April 2026</ref> Letsha la Nasho ke lengwe la matsha a le mmalwa a kwa Porofenseng ya Botlhaba a a tlhokometsweng boleng jwa metsi ke [[Rwanda Water Resources Board]] ka [[Rwanda Water Portal]].<ref>[https://www.rwandawater.gov.rw/ "Rwanda Water Portal – Lake Water Quality Monitoring"]. Rwanda Water Resources Board. Retrieved 6 April 2026.</ref> Letsha le bopa karolo ya lefelo le le atolositsweng la Akagera, e leng lefelo le le nang le matsha, matsha le dinoka kwa botlhaba jwa Rwanda tse di tshegetsang mefutafuta ya ditshedi.<ref>[https://rw.geoview.info/lac_nasho,201721 "Nasho lake, Eastern Province, Rwanda"]. ''rw.geoview.info''. Retrieved 6 April 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == 782e10g8u8rcse6ujqu3mq31hz49wmr 0 14041 51508 2026-06-25T07:46:42Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Katonga 51508 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Katonga''' ke [[noka]] e e kwa [[Uganda]], mo [[Botlhaba jwa Africa|Botlhaba]] [[Botlhaba jwa Africa|jwa Africa]]. == Lefelo le tlhaloso == Noka ya Katonga e kwa borwabophirima jwa Uganda. Tsela e e elelang mo go yone e e fa gare ga Letsha la Victoria le Letsha la George, e bontsha gore e kile ya tswa mo [[Letsha la Victoria]] e bo e tsena mo [[Letsha la George]] go ralala bophara jotlhe jwa lone. Ditiragalo tsa go tlhatlosiwa ga kgaolo magareng ga matsha a mabedi a a amanang le letsogo la bophirima (Albertine Rift) la thulaganyo ya East African Rift e e dirang ka jeoloji, e dirile gore kgaolo ya seretse e e kwa borwabophirima jwa [[Letsha la Wamala]] e nne karolo e ntšha ya metsi ya Noka ya Katonga, e jaanong e elelang kwa botlhaba go ya kwa Letsha la Victoria, e okeditswe ke melatswana e le mmalwa go bapa le tsela ya yone. Lefelo leno le le nang le metsi le gaufi le [[Katonga Wildlife Reserve]], mme le bokgakala jwa dikilometara di feta lekgolo le masome a mabedi go tswa kwa Letsheng la Victoria. Ka nako ya dipaka tsa dipula, metsi a a kwa godimo a a mo tikologong ya lefelo le le nang le seretse a tla dira gore metsi mangwe a elele kwa bophirima go tswa mo ntlheng eno go ya kwa karolong e e kwa bophirima ya Noka ya Katonga e e fepang Letsha la George, mme bontsi jwa metsi a a elelang a santse a tswelela go ya kwa botlhaba go ya kwa Letsha la Victoria. Kwa bophirima jwa metsi a yone, Noka ya Katonga gape e fepiwa ke dinoka tse di mmalwa tse di elelang go ya kwa Letsha la George. <ref>Hughes, Hughes & Bernacsek; Bernacsek, G. M.; Hughes, J. S.; Hughes, R. H. (1992). "2.10 Uganda". [https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/6001 ''A Directory of African Wetlands''.] IUCN/UNEP(WCMC). p. 265. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/2-88032-949-3|<bdi>2-88032-949-3</bdi>.]] Retrieved 26 February 2014.</ref> == Metswedi == fa993588o95basvlxekdfjic6y16s60 0 14042 51511 2026-06-25T07:55:51Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Yabus 51511 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Yabus''' (kgotsa Khor Yabus) e simolola kwa bophirima jwa [[Ethiopia]], kwa Asosa Zone, e elela kwa bophirima go tsena kwa Sudan morago ga toropo ya [[Yabus]], go tswa foo e tsena kwa lefatsheng la [[South Sudan]] . <ref>Annex: Map of Water Availability in Southern Blue Nile</ref>Kwa toropong ya Bunj e retologela kwa borwabophirima mme e tsena mo [[Machar Marshes]],<ref>page 112</ref> koo e latlhegelwang ke boitshupo jwa yone. Ka dinako tse dingwe noka eno e tlhakanngwa le Noka ya Dabus, e e leng karolo ya Noka ya Blue Nile, e gape e itsegeng e le Noka ya Yabus. Metswedi ya dinoka tseno tse pedi e gaufi le e nngwe. == Metswedi == 784avrs9i4amo7y5aiwrkilzh9ibs3y 0 14043 51517 2026-06-25T08:07:33Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya noka ya Kasai #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51517 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Kasai|image_name=Sunset view from Kalonda.jpg|image_map=Kasai watershed.png|basin_countries=[[Angola]] [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]|location=Bie Plateau|elevation_m=1,300|mouth=[[Noka ya Congo]]|length_km=2,272|river_system=[[Noka ya Congo]]|left_tribs=[[Noka ya Kwango]] [[Noka ya Loange]]|right_tribs=[[Noka ya Sankuru]] [[Noka ya Fimi]] [[Noka ya Lulua]]}} '''Noka ya Kasai''' (ka teme ya Swahili: '''Mto Kasai''', ka seFora: '''Kasai'''; ka sePotokisi sa kwa [[Angola]] '''Cassai''') ke motswedi o o kwa lotshitshing lo lo kwa molemeng wa [[noka ya Congo]], kwa legareng la [[Aferika|Aforika]].<ref name=":0">Broadhead, Susan (1992). ''Historical dictionary of Angola''. Metuchen, N.J: Scarecrow Press. p. 99. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0585070091|<bdi>0585070091</bdi>.]]</ref> Noka e simologa kwa legareng la Angola e elelela kwa botlhaba go fitlhelela e goroga kwa molelwaneng o o fa gare ga lefatshe la [[Angola]] le la [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], kwa e fapogelang kwa bokone e dira molelwane go fitlhelela e goroga kwa DRC. Go tswa kwa Ilebo, fa gare ga bokopano jwa [[noka ya Lulua]] le ya [[Noka ya Sankuru|Sankuru]], noka ya Kasai e fapogela kwa bophirima. Kwa tlase ga noka, go tswa kwa e kopanang teng le [[noka ya Fimi]] go fitlhelela e kopana le noka ya Congo kwa Kwamouth kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa [[Kinshasa]], e bidiwa noka ya '''Kwa(h)'''. Kgampu ya Kasai e na le dikgwa tsa pula di le dintsi, tse di dirang lefatshe la temothuo om kgaolong e e itsegeng ka go tlhoka mmu wa temo, wa motlhaba.<ref name=":0" /> Ke motswedi wa noka ya Congo, diteemane di fitlhelwa mo go yone. 60% ya diteemane tsa [[Belgian Congo|Belgium]] di tswa kwa nokeng ya Kasai go kgaolwa le go bopiwa. == Patlisiso == [[Setshwantsho:Congo Map by Stanley.jpg|thumb|Tsela ya ga Stanley e supiwa ke mola o montsho]] Henry Morton Stanley o gorogile kwa bokopanong ka Mopitlo a robabongwe ngwag wa 1877, a fa noka leina la Nkutu, "noka e kgolo e e boteng", mme a e lemoga fa e tswa mo go ya ga David Livingstone ya Kwango.<ref>Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, Vol. One ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/0486256677|0486256677]]</bdi>, Vol. Two ISBN 0486256685</ref> == Metswedi == Metswedi megolo ya Kasai kwa godimo go tswa kwa bokopanong le noka ya Congo: * [[Noka ya Fimi]] (kwa mojeng - Fimi le Lukenie dikhilomithara di le seke, lekgolo le masome a mabedi) * [[Noka ya Kwilu]] - Kwango (mo moelemeng - dikhilomithara di le sekete, makgolo a supa le bobedi) * [[Noka ya Loange]] (kwa molemeng - makgolo a robabobedi, masome a marataro le botlhano) * [[Noka ya Sankuru]] (kwa mojeng - Sankuru - Lubilanji dikhilomithara di le sekete, makgolo a mabedi le masome a robabobedi) * [[Noka ya Lulua]] (kwa mojeng - dikhilomithara di le sekete, lekgolo, masome a robabobedi le bone) * Noka ya Tshikapa (kwa molemeng - dikhilomithara di le makgolo a marataro, masome a mararo) * Noka ya Longatshimo (kwa molemeng - dikhilomithara di le makgolo a matlhano, le masome a matlhano) * Noka ya Luembe (kwa molemeng - makgolo a supa, masome a robabobedi) * Noka ya Lueta (kwa mojeng - makgolo a mararo, masome a robabongwe le botlhano) == Botlhokwa mo itsholelong == Metswedi ya noka ya Kasai ga e a thibelwa ke sepe jaaka mehero, se se dira gore e kgone go tsamaega. E thusa mo mohameng wa dipalamo tsa mesepele gape di ra mafaratlhatlha a kgwebo a a botlhokwa. Seabe sa noka e mo dipalamong le mo thekisong se ne se le kwa godimo ka nako ya pele ga bokolone fa go gweba ka makgoba go ne go letlelelwa. Bagwebi ka makgoba ba ne ba dirisa mongwe wa metswedi ya yone [[Noka ya Kwango|noka ya Kwang]]<nowiki/>o, go tsamaya mo sekgweng, go tshwara makgoba le go boela kwa lewatleng la Atlantic kwa ba neng ba beile dikepe tsa bone teng. Go a ganetsanwa ka gore mangwe magosi a mo gae a ne a ema kgwebo ya makgoba nokeng. Bogosi jwa Rund e le sekai, bo ne bo neela bagwebi ba ba itsegeng thata ba makgoba makgoba, ba tshwana le John Matthews, mogwebi wa makgoba wa kwa Britain. Ditirelo tse, le ntswa di diragetseng ka lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabobedi le lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe, di nnile le ditlamorago tse di utlalang mo dikgaolong tse di neng di tlwaelesegile thata kwa go tsone, jaaka fa gare ga dinoka tsa Kwango le Kwilu. Palo ya batho ga ise e boele ka botlalo, ka palo ya batho e kwa tlase mo dikgaolong tse fa e tshwantshanngwa le dikgaolo tse di sa nnang le kgwebo ya makgoba. Selo se se neng se kgatlha batho ba [[Britain]] le ba [[Portugal]] thata ka noka ya Kasai ke go nna le diteemane mo seretseng sa noka, bogolo jang kwa molomong wa noka. Diretse tse dingwe di mo moalong wa motswedi mogolo, noka ya Kwango. Go tlwaelesegile go utlwa mafoko a a reng "boremelelo jwa diteemane tsa bokone-botlhaba jwa Angola" a dirisiwa go tewa noka ya Kwango. Se ke ka gore moalo wa diteemane tse di fitlhlwang kwa kgaolong eo ke one o o nonneng go gaisa. == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Matlhotlhapelo a 2010 a noka ya Kasai]] * [[Matlhotlhapelo a 2024 a noka ya Kasai]] == Metswedi == 136hxo9dtc5u1jwldtiyqgcnxht6o1d 0 14044 51519 2026-06-25T08:09:56Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Falémé 51519 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Falémé''' (French: Rivière Falémé) ke noka e e mo Afrika Bophirima. Noka ya Falémé e tswa kwa bokone jwa Guinea mme e elela go ya kwa bokone-bokonebotlhaba go ya kwa [[Mali]], e dira karolo e khutshwane ya molelwane wa [[Guinea]] le [[Senegal]]. E retologela kwa bokone mme e bo e bopa karolo ya molelwane magareng ga Mali le Senegal, pele e kopana le [[Noka ya Senegal]] ka dikilometara di le masome a matlhano kwa godimo ga toropo ya Bakel kwa Senegal. == Tlhaloso == Noka ya Falémé e boleele jwa dikilometara di ka nna makgolo a marataro le masome a matlhano mme e na le lefelo le le ka fa tlase ga metsi la dikilometara di le 28,900. Motswedi wa yone o kwa karolong e e kwa bokone ya dithaba tsa Fouta Djallon kwa botelele jwa makgolo a robabobedi. Bontsi jwa pula e e nang kwa dithabeng e na fa gare ga kgwedi ya Motsheganong le ya Phalane ka ntlha ya Monsoon wa Afrika Bophirima. Ka tlwaelo August ke kgwedi e e nang le pula e ntsi. Go elela ga noka eno go laolwa thata ke dipaka tsa ngwaga, e elela thata ka kgwedi ya Phatwe mme e elela go le gonnye thata fa gare ga kgwedi ya Ngwanatseele le ya Seetebosigo. Palogare ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya metsi a noka e ne e le 6,59 km3 ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le bone go ya ko ngwageng wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone<ref>.</ref> == Meepo == Go na le mabolokelo a tshipi kwa Senegal gaufi le motswedi wa noka eno. Bosheng jaana go nnile le go thologela ga gauta go dikologa motse wa Diabougou kwa Senegal le gaufi thata le molelwane wa Mali. <ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-15072965 "Senegal's rush for gold amid mining dangers (video)".] BBC. 27 September 2011.</ref> == Metswedi == 20vvgjltlow1486fkukgmuti8ojtk35 0 14045 51522 2026-06-25T08:12:37Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Lulua #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51522 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Kasai River Catchment OSM.png|thumb|Noka ya Lulua kwa lefelong la Kasai ]] '''Noka ya Lulua''' (ka seFora: '''Riviere Lulua'''; ka teme ya Dutch: '''Lulua Rivier)''' ke noka e e kwa kgampung ya Congo kwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] kwa [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. Ke motswedi o o kwa mojeng wa [[noka ya Kasai]].<ref>Liyandja, Tobit. [https://www.academia.edu/68886745/Fishes_of_the_Lower_Lulua_River_Kasai_Basin_Central_Africa_A_Continental_Hotspot_of_Ichthyofaunal_Diversity_under_Threat "Fishes of the Lower Lulua River (Kasai Basin, Central Africa): A Continental Hotspot of Ichthyofaunal Diversity under Threat"]. ''Diversity''.</ref> == Metswedi == bs81l4sdomo10huysfo6dboqjlb6dfs 0 14046 51526 2026-06-25T08:20:11Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Letsha la Rukwa 51526 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Letsha la Rukwa''' ke letsha le le leng mo Rukwa Valley ya Rukwa Region, Songwe Region le Katavi Region kwa borwabophirima jwa lefatshe la [[Tanzania]]. Letsha leno ke la boraro ka bogolo mo nageng eno. == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == Letsha la alkaline la Rukwa le fa gare ga Letsha la Tanganyika le [[Letsha la Malawi]] mo bogodimong jwa dimetara di le 800 (2,600 ft), mo lekaleng le le tsamaelanang la thulaganyo ya lekgwamolelo. Mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa letsha leno se mo [[Uwanda Game Reserve.]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111122200601/http://www.utalii.com/Rukwa/Uwanda_Game_Reserve.htm "Rukwa Uwanda Game Reserve"]. Utalii Travel and Safari. Archived from the original on 22 November 2011. Retrieved 29 October 2010.</ref> == Thutatshelo ya metsi == Letsha leno le ile la nna le diphetogo tse dikgolo tsa bogolo jwa lone fa dingwaga di ntse di feta, ka ntlha ya go fetofetoga ga melatswana ya metsi. Ga jaana e boleele jwa dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a roabobedi le bophara jwa dikilometara di le masome a mararo le bobedi , e e dirang bogolo jwa dikilometara di le dikete tse tlhano ,makgolo a supa le masome a marataro .<ref>Google Earth accessed 6 February 2007 [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Rukwa#cite_note-3]</ref>Ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le msaome a mabedi le borobabongwe (1929) e ne e le boleele jwa dikilometara di lemasome a mane le borobabobedi fela, mme ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le msaome a mararo le borobabongwe (1939) e ne e le boleele jwa dikilometara di le lekgolo le masome a mabedi le borobabobedi le bophara jwa dikilometara di lemasome a mane.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/512554/Lake Encyclopædia Britannica Online/Lake Rukwa]</ref>Ka nako ya go phatloga ga karolo eno ya Afrika, lekadiba la Letsha la Rukwa ka dinako dingwe e ka tswa e ne e le karolo ya lekadiba le legolo thata le le neng le akaretsa le makadiba a Letsha la Tanganyika le Letsha la Malawi; mabopo a bogologolo a bontsha letlha la bofelo la go tshologela mo Letsha la Tanganyika la 33,000 BPTooltip Before Present.<ref>[[:en:Cambridge_University_Press|Lévêque, Christian (1997). ''Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation: The Freshwater Fish of Tropical Africa''.]] Cambridge University Press. p. 110.</ref>Gore letsha leno le tlale gape, le tshwanetse go bo le le bogodimo jwa dimetara di feta makgolo a robabongwe . Ga go kgonege gore metsi ano a tsene mo Letsha la Malawi, ka gonne noka e e fa gare ga dinoka tseno tse pedi e bogodimo jwa dimetara di le dikete tse pedi (2000) go tswa kwa godimo.<ref>[[:en:Lake_Rukwa#cite_note-6|Google Maps]]</ref>(Le fa e le Letsha la Tanganyika le Letsha la Malawi ga di ka ke tsa tshologela mo Letsha la Rukwa ka gonne di setse di tshologela mo Lewatleng la Atlantic le la Indian.) Go na le kgobokanyo ya dimetale tse di bokete jaaka zinc, mercury, copper, lead, chromium, le nickel mo sedimenteng, mo metsing, le mo dithishung tsa mesifa ya Clarias gariepinus (African catfish) le Oreochromis esculentus (Singida tilapia) mo Letsheng la Rukwa.<ref>Mapenzi, Levinus Leonard; Shimba, Moses Joel; Moto, Edward Angelo; Maghembe, Reuben Silas; Mmochi, Aviti John (January 2020). "Heavy metals bio-accumulation in tilapia and catfish species in Lake Rukwa ecosystem Tanzania". ''Journal of Geochemical Exploration''. '''208''' 106413. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2019.106413|10.1016/j.gexplo.2019.106413]]. ISSN 0375-6742.</ref> == Metswedi == == Go ribololwa ga Helium == Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro (2016_, go ne ga fitlhelwa gore go na le selekanyo sa 1.53 billion cubic meters (54.2 billion standard cubic feet) sa gase ya helium mo Letsheng la Rukwa ka tlhotlhwa ya $3.5 billion.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160828202951/http://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/Helium--could-earn-Tanzania--3-5bn-/-/1840340/3284646/-/awfffj/-/index.html "Helium 'could earn Tanzania $3.5bn'".] ''www.thecitizen.co.tz''. July 8, 2016. Archived from the original on August 28, 2016. Retrieved July 10, 2016.</ref> == Metswedi == 90zvir9h68fn4da8faizqo333y6wc61 0 14047 51527 2026-06-25T08:20:27Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya noka ya Fimi #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51527 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Mai-Ndombe and Fimi River DRC.svg|thumb|Letsha la Mai-Ndombe le noka ya Fimi, ka bohibidu]] '''Noka ya Fimi''' (ka teme ya seFora: '''Riviere Fimi''') ke noka e e kwa [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/world/congo-boat-capsized-river-children-b2666113.html "At least 25 dead and dozens missing after overcrowded boat capsizes in Congo"]. ''[[:en:The_Independent|The Independent]]''. 18 December 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2026</ref><ref>Stiassny, Melanie L. J.; Alter, S. Elizabeth; Liyandja, Tobit L. D.; Modimo, Myriam Y.; Iyaba, Raoul J. C. Monsembula (15 December 2021). [https://checklist.pensoft.net/article/69132/ "Fishes of the Mfimi River in the central Congo basin of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Kasai ecoregion or part of the Cuvette Centrale?".] ''Check List''. '''17''' (6): 1681–1714. doi:[https://checklist.pensoft.net/article/69132/ 10.15560/17.6.1681.]</ref> E elela go tswa kwa [[Letsha la Mai-Ndombe|letsheng la Mai-Ndombe]] go ya [[Noka ya Kasai|nokeng ya Kasai]], e tshela kwa [[Noka ya Congo|nokeng ya Congo]]. Mengwe ya metswedi ya noka ya Fimi ke [[noka ya Lukenie]], e e tsamaegang mokoro go ya bokgakala jwa Kole. == Metswedi == i32m5ofb7a3zcjia4qg3l55thbkdsjw 0 14048 51528 2026-06-25T08:22:26Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Wadi Howar 51528 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Wadi Howar (Wadi Howa or Yellow Nile)''' ke wadi mo [[Sudan]] le [[Chad|Chad.]] == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == E simolotse kwa Kgaolong ya Ennedi ya Chad Wadi Howar e ralala dinaga tsa Sudan tsa Bokone jwa Darfur le Bokone go kopana le noka ya Nile kwa bokone jwa lekhubu le legolo le le lebaganeng le Old Dongola. E atlhametse kwa godimo ga dikilometara tse sekete le lekgolo: <ref name=":0">Soghayroun, Intisar Soghayroun Elzein (2010). ''Trade and Wadi System(s) in Muslim Sudan''. Kampala. hdl:[[hdl:1956/3994|1956/3994]]. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-9970-25-005-9|<bdi>978-9970-25-005-9</bdi>.]]</ref>25 mo ntlheng ya bophirima-botlhaba go kgabaganya dintshi tsa borwa jwa Sekaka sa Libya, gantsi e amogela dimilimethara di le masome a mabedi le botlhano ya pula ka ngwaga. <ref name=":1">[[:en:Stefan_Kröpelin|Kröpelin, Stefan]]; Pachur, Hans-Joachim (1987). "Wadi Howar: Paleoclimatic Evidence from an Extinct River System in the Southeastern Sahara". ''Science''. '''237''' (4812): 298–300. Bibcode[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987Sci...237..298P :1987Sci...237..298P.] doi:[[doi:10.1126/science.237.4812.298|10.1126/science.237.4812.298]]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17772057 17772057]. S2CID [https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:3894313 3894313.]</ref> == Paka ya Holocene == Mmapa wa dinoka tse di elelang mo nokeng ya Nile kwa Sudan ya segompieno Wadi Howar ke masalela a noka ya bogologolo ya Yellow Nile, e e neng e le karolo ya noka ya Nile ka nako ya fa go ne go le bongola thata mo Afrika dingwaga di ka nna dikete di robabongwe la makgolo a matlhano go ya go dikete tse nne le makgolo a matlhano tse di fetileng. <ref name=":1" />Ka nako eo, diphologolo tsa savanna le badisa ba dikgomo ba ne ba nna mo kgaolong eno mme karolo e e kwa borwa ya Sahara e ne e le dikilometara di le makgolo a matlhano (310 mi) kwa bokone go feta gompieno. Fa Sahara e ne e fetoga sekaka magareng ga dingwaga di le dikete tse thataro le dikete tse nne tse di fetileng, wadi e ne ya simolola go nna letamo la matsha a metsi a a foreshe le matsha, jaaka go bontshitswe ke mmapa wa lefatshe wa ga Ptolemy, mme ya nyelela dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse pedi tse di fetileng. <ref name=":0" />: 28 == Thutamarope == Mafelo a mantsi a pele ga hisitori a supa gore Wadi Howar e kile ya bo e le lefelo le le nang le tikologo e e siameng le tsela ya tlhaeletsano magareng ga dikgaolo tse di kwa teng tsa Afrika le Molapo wa Nile. Lefelo le go fitlheletsweng dilo tsa bogologolo kwa go lone le le ileng la batlisisiwa thata go fitlha jaanong mo kgaolong eno ya wadi ke [[Gala Abu Ahmed]]. == Metswedi == roo4zihb6yrny6ad4ibq7jf8gm1w0kw 0 14049 51534 2026-06-25T08:36:50Z Lucrucia98 12161 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA LETSHA LA EYASI 51534 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake eyasi.jpg|thumb|Letsha la Eyasi]] '''Letsha la Eyasi''' (Swahili: Ziwa Eyasi; formerly German: Njarasasee, "Njarasa Lake", le Hohenlohesee, "Hohenlohe Lake") ke letsha le le kwa Karatu District of Arusha Region kwa bokone jwa lefatshe la [[Tanzania]]. Letsha la Eyasi ke letsha le legolo go a gaisa otlhe mo kgaolong ya Arusha. Ke letsha la letswai le le seng boteng le le kwa tlase ga Great Rift Valley kwa tlase ga Serengeti Plateau, kwa borwa jwa Serengeti National Park le kwa borwabophirima jwa Ngorongoro Crater kwa Crater Highlands ya Tanzania. Letsha le le leleele, le sekametse kwa borwabophirima go ya kwa bokone-botlhaba, mme le mo lekaleng la Eyasi-Wembere la Great Rift Valley.<ref>Foster, A. and C. Ebinger and E. Mbede and D. Rex (August 1997). "Tectonic development of the northern Tanzanian sector of the East African Rift System". ''Journal of the Geological Society''. '''154''' (4): 689–700. doi:[[doi:10.1144/gsjgs.154.4.0689|10.1144/gsjgs.154.4.0689.]]</ref> Noka e kgolo e e elelang koo ke Noka ya Sibiti, e e elelang kwa ntlheng ya borwabophirima. Noka eno e ka nna ya tswelela e elela go se kae ngwaga otlhe, bobotlana ka dingwaga tse di nang le pula e ntsi; dinoka tse dingwe tsotlhe di elela ka paka ya ngwaga. Noka ya bobedi e kgolo go di feta tsotlhe ke Baray, e e kwa bokonebotlhaba. Metsi a a tsamaisiwang ke Baray a oketsegile mo dingwageng tsa bosheng jaana ka ntlha ya go rengwa ga dikgwa kwa Crater Highlands. Karolo e e kafa borwabophirima ya Thaba ya Oldeani, nngwe ya makgwamolelo a Ngorongoro, e elela ka tlhamalalo kwa ntlheng ya bokonebotlhaba jwa letsha leno. Go elela ga metsi go tswa kwa nokeng ya Budahaya / Udahaya, e e elelang mo mogobeng wa Yaeda kwa borwabotlhaba jwa letsha, e kile ya bo e le ya bobedi, mme e fokotsegile ka ntlha ya go faposa metsi go ya kwa Dithabeng tsa Mbulu. Metsi a a elelang go tswa kwa Serengeti a mannye; molatswana o mogolo ke wa Sayu. Go fetofetoga ga metsi mo letsheng go bonala thata, le fa gone lotshitshi lo lo kafa bokonebophirima lo thibetswe ke mafika a Serengeti Plateau. Ka paka ya komelelo letsha leno le ka nna la omelela gotlhelele, segolobogolo mo dingwageng tsa komelelo, ka jalo badisa ba kwa Datooga le ba kwa Hadza ba tla kgabaganya letsha leno ka dinao, mme mo dingwageng tsa El Niño le ka nna la khurumetsa dintshi tsa lone mme la ngoka dinonyane tsa noka tse di tswang kwa Serengeti. Ke lefelo le di-flamingo tse di fudugang di emang kwa go lone. Letsha leno le thusa go tshwara ditlhapi tse dinnye tsa mo lefelong leno mo dingwageng tsa pula, mme gantsi ditlhapi tse di bidiwang catfish le lungfish di tshwarwa mo melatswaneng le mo metsweding e e fepang letsha leno. Tota le ka dinako tsa pula, boteng jwa letsha gantsi bo nna kwa tlase ga metara e le nngwe.<ref>Hughes, R. H.; Hughes, J. S. (1992). ''A directory of African wetlands''. [[:en:UNEP|UNEP]]. p. 253.</ref> Ba-Hadza ke baagi ba ba tlholegileng mo letsheng leno. Di fitlhelwa mo karolong e kgolo ya naga eno, le fa gone go na le dikampa di le mmalwa mo karolong e kgolo ya Serengeti, e e leng naga ya Bamasai. Ba-Datooga ba nna kwa Mokgatšheng wa Yaeda kwa borwabotlhaba, Ba-Isanzu kwa borwa, le Ba-Sukuma go kgabaganya Noka ya Sibiti kwa borwabophirima. Ba-Iraqi ba ne ba tlwaetse go nna kwa ntlheng e nngwe ya Yaeda, mme ba ile ba tla ka palo e e ntseng e oketsega kwa Baray, e gone jaanong e leng kgaolo e kgolo e e jalang dieie kwa Afrika Botlhaba. Legaga la Mumba ke lefelo la thutamarope le le gaufi le lotshitshi lwa Letsha la Eyasi. Lefelo leno le na le dilo di le mmalwa tsa bogologolo tsa Motlha wa Bogare wa Letlapa le tsa Motlha wa Bogare wa Letlapa. == Metswedi == oa8ik1yb2nddkpdh25k0v52zggflss0 0 14050 51535 2026-06-25T08:38:18Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Lukenie #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51535 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:LukenieRiver.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Lukenie e supiwa go tswa kwa godimo jaaka e ralala dikgwa tsa DRC]] '''Noka ya Lukenie''' (ka teme ya seFora: Riviere Lukenie) ke noka e e kwa kgampung ya Congo ya [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC). Mekoro go tswa kwa [[Kinshasa]] e tsaya loeto go ya Congo, Kwa (Kasai) le [[noka ya Fimi]] go ya Lukenie di goroga kwa Kole, loeto lwa dibeke di le thataro go tsena di le lesome le bobedi. Se ga se diriwe ka paka ya metsi a le kwa tlase (Seetebosigo go tsena Phatwe), ka go tshabiwa gore go tlaa tlhaelwa mo tseleng. Noka ya Lukenie ga e tsamaege ka mokoro go feta Kole. [[Setshwantsho:Kasai River Catchment OSM.png|thumb|Noka ya Lukenie kwa Kasai]] Ka dingwaga tsa bokolone, noka e dinako tse dingwe e ne e dirisiwa go isa raba go tswa kwa mafelong a tshwana le kole le Lodja go ya kwa [[Letsha la Leopold II|letsheng la Leopold II]]. Le fa go ntse jalo, bontsi jwa didirisiwa di ne di rekiwa kwa [[Bene Dibele]], kwa borwa kwa lotshithsing lo lo kwa mojeng wa [[noka ya Sankuru]] kwa tlase ga ntlha e e kopanang le [[noka ya Lubefu]], tsela e e ikanyegang botoka.<ref>Hilton-Simpson, M.W. (1911). ''L[https://archive.org/stream/landpeoplesofkas00hiltrich/landpeoplesofkas00hiltrich_djvu.txt and and Peoples of the Kasai; Being a Narrative of a Two Years' Journey Among the Cannibals of the Equatorial Forest and Other Savage Tribes]''. Constable. pp. 65, 123–124.</ref> Mangwe a mafelo a boikhutso a boremelelo a Sodefor a mo matlhakorengo o mabedi a noka ya Lunekie, kwa Oshwe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030926/http://www.sodefor.net/garantiesdf-social.php "Carte Illustrative Actions Sociales"]. SODEFOR. Archived from [http://sodefor.net/garantiesdf-social.php the original] on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2026-06-25</ref> Ka Lwetse 2010, makgolo a batho kwa Oshwe, morafe wa kwa kgaolong ya Mai-Ndombe, ba ne ba gwanta kgatlhanong le SODEFOR. Ba ne ba kopa gore go emisiwe go thibelela ga madirelo mo kgaolong, mo go koafatsang sekgwa se setshaba se ikaegileng ka sone se sa busetse sepe mo setshabeng.<ref>[https://wayback.archive-it.org/9650/20200417013545/http://p3-raw.greenpeace.org/africa/en/Press-Centre-Hub/Press-releases/Greenpeace-witnesses-DRCs-Oshwe-Communities-Protest-Against-Logging-Company/ "Greenpeace witnesses DRC's Oshwe Communities Protest Against Logging Company".] Greenpeace. September 23, 2010. Retrieved 2026-06-25</ref> == Metswedi == 39c1ax8butasv8gxxekzh32uzdut9c4 0 14051 51536 2026-06-25T08:51:56Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Lubefu #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51536 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Lubefu|image_name=VingtAnnees 266.jpg|caption=Letsha la noka ya Lubefa (1888)|basin_countries=[[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]|mouth=[[Noka ya Sankuru]]}} '''Noka ya Lubefu''' ke motswedi wa [[noka ya Sankuru]], e yone e leng motswedi wa [[noka ya Kasai]] kwa [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of the Congo.]] Mongwe wa batho ba Yuropa wa ntlha go etela noka e e ne e le Alexandre Delcommune ka ngwaga wa 1887 ka nako ya go ntsifala ga go etela dinoka tse di tsamaegang kwa kgampung ya Congo.<ref>Briart, Paul; Ryelandt, Dominique (2003). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=IfT6KNgK02gC&pg=PA350&redir_esc=y Aux sources du fleuve Congo: Carnets du Katanga, 1890-1893]'' (in French). Editions L'Harmattan. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/2-7475-4861-9|2-7475-4861-9]]</bdi>.</ref> Tshupo ya loeto mo [[Noka ya Kasai|nokeng ya Kasai]] ka 1908 e ne e re go ne go na le dikwena mo nokeng mme ka ntlha ya go elela mo go mashetla ga noka go ne go sena dikubu kwa noka e kopanang le ya [[Noka ya Sankuru|Sankuru]] teng. Noka e, e elela ka bofefo, e tshesane gape e na le makhubu, mo mafelong a mangwe ditlhare tse di kwa godimo di tlhama mosele. Go tswa kwa Bena Dibele, toropo kwa Sankuru kwa tlase ga ntlha e e kopanang le Lubefu go ya stationeng sa puso sa Lubefu ke dikhilomithara di le lekgolo le masome a marataro. le fa go ntse jalo, go tsere malatsi a le lesome le borobabongwe gore mokoro wa leruarua o o neng o kgweediwa ke batho ba ba nang le kitso le maitemogelo ba goroge.<ref>''Hilton-Simpson, M.W. (1911)L[https://archive.org/stream/landpeoplesofkas00hiltrich/landpeoplesofkas00hiltrich_djvu.txt and and Peoples of the Kasai; Being a Narrative of a Two Years' Journey Among the Cannibals of the Equatorial Forest and Other Savage Tribes]''. Constable. p. 65.</ref> Baokamedi ba kolone ya [[Belgian Congo|Belgium]] ba ne ba pateletsa balemi ba kgaolo eo go lema letsela le ntswa e se se ba neng ba se batla. Go gana go lema letsela o papametse, e ne e le go ipolaya ka mategekini a ba kolone a ne a le setlhogo. Tegeniki nngwe e ne e le go bedisa peo ya letsela pele ga e lemiwa, gore e seka ya tlhoga. Ka ngwaga wa 1925 batho ba ba neng ba nna kwa kgampung e e kwa borwa jwa Lubefu ba ne ba tlhalosetsa moitseanape wa temothuo wa puso gore mmu o tshuba dipeo tsa letsela.<ref>Likaka, Osumaka (1997[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=5hK0c8xAML0C&pg=PA116&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false )''Rural society and cotton in colonial Zaire''.] [[:en:University_of_Wisconsin_Press|University of Wisconsin Press. I]]SBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-299-15334-7|<bdi>0-299-15334-7</bdi>.]]</ref> == Metswedi == arwsmcfqvwb908bjqlkw93dto3sikjq 0 14052 51537 2026-06-25T08:55:33Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Wamba 51537 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Kasai River Catchment OSM.png|thumb|Noka ya Kasai le Noka ya Wamba (mo gare ka fa molemeng)]] '''Noka ya Wamba''' (French: Rivière Wamba, Portuguese: Rio Wamba) ke noka ya kwa [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) le [[Angola]]. E tlhoga kwa bogodimong jwa 3,250 feet (990 m) jaaka motswedi wa melatswana e le mmalwa e mennye kwa Lunda Norte Province ya [[Angola]], kgaolo ya dithaba tse di kwa tlase le mekgokolosa e e seng boteng. <ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/@-8.6307274,18.6293741,9077m/data=!3m1!1e3 "Wamba river source"]. ''Google Maps''. Google. Retrieved 21 April 2018.</ref>Kwa Angola e bidiwa Noka ya Uamba. E elela go ya kwa bokone, kwa e bopang karolo ya molelwane wa Angola/DRC, e elela go ralala porofense ya Kwango go fitlha e kopana le [[Noka ya Kwango]] kwa bogodimong jwa 1,023 feet (312 m).<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/@-3.931379,17.1857107,9181m/data=!3m1!1e3 "Wamba, Kwango confluence"]. ''Google maps''. Google. Retrieved 21 April 2018.</ref> == Lefelo == Dikhuduthamaga tsa Ntlha {| class="wikitable" |+ !Ntlha ! !Dintlha ! |- |Motswedi wa Angola |8.635°S 18.62083°E | | |- |Molelwane wa Angola le DRC |8.0625°S 18.0945°E | | |- |Motswedi wa Noka ya Kwango |3.9144°S 17.1889°E | | |} == Metswedi == 74h60a72goht7u8wvff08vmr52n76a5 0 14053 51539 2026-06-25T09:10:43Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Kwenge #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51539 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Kasai River Catchment OSM.png|thumb|Noka ya Kwenge kwa Kasai]] '''Noka ya Kwenge''' (ka teme ya seFora:'''Riviere Kwenge''') ke molatswana o kwa kgwaolong ya Bandundu kwa [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. Noka e simologa kwa [[Angola]], dikhilomithara di le thataro e tlhama bontlha jo bokhutshwane jwa molelwane wa Angola-DRC.<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/4%C2%B050'25.5%22S+18%C2%B043'19.2%22E/@-7.9534875,18.7487729,13.13z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0x0!8m2!3d-4.840404!4d18.721991?hl=en "Kwenge"]. ''GoogleMaps''. Retrieved 25 June 2026</ref> E elelela kwa bokone go tswa kwa molelwaneng wa Angola e kgabaganya [[Noka ya Kwango|Kwango]] le [[Noka ya Kwilu|Kwilu]], e kopana le noka ya Kwilu kwa tlase ga Kikwit. <ref>Blaes, X. (October 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20160818075411/http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf "Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo"] (PDF). UNOCHA and PNUD. Archived from [http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2016-08-18.</ref>Lusanga, kwa pele e neng e le Leverville, ke kwa bokopanong jwa noka ya Kwenge le Kwilu.<ref>C.J. Warrington (May 1972). [https://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf "M'Bwa na Basenji"] (PDF). ''The Basenji''. Retrieved 2026-06-25</ref> Lefatshe le le fa gare ga dinoka tsa Kwilu le Kwenge pele le ne le nniwa ke batho ba Pende.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120817022444/http://www.tribal-art-auktion.de/en/news/98/ "Tribal Treasures".] Zemanek-Münster. August 25, 2011. Archived from [https://tribalart.de/en/blog/ the original] on August 17, 2012. Retrieved 2026-06-25</ref> Batho ba Suku ba ba tsileng mo kgaolong e o go tswa kwa nokeng ya Kwango ka dingwaga tsa 1800, ba nna kwa kgaolong e e fa gare ga dinoka tsa Bakali le Kwenge.<ref>Robert F. Gray, P. H. Gulliver (2004). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=a1uFe__DEB4C&pg=PA83&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false The family estate in Africa: studies in the role of property in family structure and lineage continuity]''. Routledge. p. 83. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-415-32985-X|<bdi>0-415-32985-X</bdi>.]]</ref> Mokgatsha wa noka kwa tlase o na le mekgatsha ya lefatshe le le nnang le na le metsi ka dinako tsotlhe.<ref>R. H. Hughes; J. S. Hughes (1992). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA531&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false ''A directory of African wetlands''.] IUCN. p. 531. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/2-88032-949-3|<bdi>2-88032-949-3</bdi>.]]</ref> == Metswedi == 3ft5zoh1kuy9qlihneltevsnphuj6yn 0 14054 51541 2026-06-25T09:18:29Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Pibor 51541 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Pibor Post, South Sudan - panoramio (3).jpg|thumb|Noka ya Pibor]] '''Noka ya Pibor''' (e gape e bidiwang Noka ya Pibor<ref>[http://earth-info.nga.mil/gns/html/ River Pibor], [[:en:GEOnet_Names_Server|GEOnet Names Server]]</ref>) ke noka e e kwa botlhaba jwa [[South Sudan]], e e tlhalosang karolo ya molelwane wa South Sudan le [[Ethiopia]]. Go tswa kwa motsweding wa yone gaufi le Pibor Post e elela go ya kwa bokone mo sekgaleng sa dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le masome a bobedi (200 mi), e kopana le [[Noka ya Baro]] go bopa [[Noka ya Sobat]], e e leng nngwe ya dinoka tse di tsenang mo nokeng ya White Nile.<ref>; online at Google Books</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Sobat OSM.png|thumb|Mmapa wa molapo wa Noka ya Sobat, o o bontshang Noka ya Pibor]] Noka ya Pibor le dinoka tse dingwe tse di e tshegetsang di na le metsi a a lekanang le sekgala sa dikilometara di le 137,130 (52,950 sq mi). Selekanyo sa metsi a a tshologang mo nokeng eno ngwaga le ngwaga ke 186.3 m3/s (6,580 cu ft/s).<ref>Lehner, Bernhard; Verdin, Kristine; Jarvis, Andy (2008-03-04). [https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008eo100001 "New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data".] ''Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union''. '''89''' (10): 93–94. doi:[[doi:10.1029/2008eo100001|10.1029/2008eo100001]]. ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0096-3941 0096-3941.]</ref> == Tsela == Noka ya Pibor e bopiwa ke melatswana e e farologaneng e e kopanang kwa Pibor Post, e leng lefelo le le agilweng ka nako ya bokoloniale le le neng la agiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le bobedi mme kwa tshimologong le ne le bidiwa Fort Bruce. Noka ya Pibor e elela go ya kwa bokone, mme e kopana le Noka ya Akobo gaufi le Akobo. Fa o tswelela o ya kwa bokone, Pibor e kopana le Noka ya Gilo le Noka ya Bela kafa mojeng, go tswa foo e kopana le Noka ya Baro, e bo e bopa Noka ya Sobat. == Ditso tsa tlholego == Dinoka tsa Pibor, Baro, Gilo, le Akobo tsotlhe di kgatsha metsi a a mo Dithabeng tsa Ethiopia. Noka ya Baro ke yone e kgolo go di feta tsotlhe, e e nang le seabe sa 83% ya metsi otlhe a a elelang mo Nokeng ya Sobat. Ka paka ya dipula, fa gare ga June le October, Noka ya Baro e le yosi fela e tsenya diperesente di le 10 tsa metsi a Noka ya Nile kwa Aswan, kwa [[Egepeto]]. Go farologana le moo, dinoka tseno di na le metsi a mannye thata ka paka ya komelelo. <ref>; online at Internet Archive</ref> == Ditso == Molelwane magareng ga [[Sudan]] le [[Ethiopia]] o ne wa tlhalosiwa mo kgaolong e e gaufi le Noka ya Pibor ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe ke Major H.H. Austin le Major Charles W. Gwynn wa Boritane wa Royal Engineers. Ba ne ba sa itse naga eo, baagi ba yone, kana dipuo tsa bone, mme ba ne ba tlhaela dilo tse ba di tlhokang. Go na le gore ba tlhome mola o o theilweng mo ditlhopheng tsa merafe le mo dikgaolong tsa setso, segolobogolo go bapa le mokgokolosa o o kgaoganyang Dithaba tsa Ethiopia le dipoa tsa Savanna ya Sudan, ba ne ba akantsha fela gore go tlhomiwe mola o o kgabaganyang bogare jwa Noka ya Akobo le dikarolo dingwe tsa dinoka tsa Pibor le Baro. Molelwane ono o ne wa konelwa ka Tumalano ya Anglo-Ethiopia ya ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le bobedi , mme wa felela ka lefelo le le kwa Kgaolong ya Gambela ya Ethiopia le le bidiwang Baro Salient. Lefelo leno le amana thata le Sudan Borwa go na le Ethiopia, ka ntlha ya dilo tsa tlholego le ka ntlha ya batho. Baro Salient e ne e dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la botshabelo ke batsuolodi ba Sudan ka nako ya dintwa tsa selegae tse di tsereng lobaka lo loleele mo nageng eo. Go ne go le thata gore Sudan e nne le taolo mo kgaolong e e leng karolo ya Ethiopia, mme Ethiopia e ne e sa batle go nna le mapodisi mo kgaolong e e kgakala le go nna le seabe mo dipolotiking tsa dikgotlhang tsa Sudan tsa ka fa gare. == Metswedi == jb8eu68nko0aqx2hxt3ddi3049p3wbc 0 14055 51542 2026-06-25T09:43:37Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya matlhotlhapelo a 2024 a noka ya Kasai #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51542 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Sunset view from Kalonda.jpg|thumb|Letsatsi le phirima kwa Kalonda]] Ka Seetebosigo a le lesome ngwaga wa 2024, sekepe sa HB la Saintet se ne sa nwela mo nokeng ya Kwa, motswedi wa [[noka ya Congo]] kwa [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], kwa go neng ga tlhokafala batho ba le masome mabedi le borataro<ref>[https://tinsider.com.tr/lodka-zatonula-80-passazhirov-pogibli "Затонувшее судно в Конго: 80 пассажиров погибли".] ''tinsider.com.tr''. 15 June 2024. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240613174026/https://tinsider.com.tr/lodka-zatonula-80-passazhirov-pogibli Archived] from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2026</ref> ba akaretsa bana ba le masome mabedi le motso.<ref name=":0">[http://russian.people.com.cn/n3/2024/0612/c31520-20180200.html "По меньшей мере 86 человек погибли в результате крушения судна на притоке реки Конго – местные источники".] ''russian.people.com.cn''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240613024104/http://russian.people.com.cn/n3/2024/0612/c31520-20180200.html Archived] from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2026</ref> == Tse di diragetseng pele == Ka ntlha ya gore go na le ditsela di se dintsi tse di thetsweng sekonotere kwa Congo, dinoka le matsha dirisiwa go tsamaisa batho le dithoto.<ref>[https://federalna.ba/public/u-demokratskoj-republici-kongo-u-potonucu-broda-poginulo-najmanje-80-putnika-1epqv "U Demokratskoj Republici Kongo u potonuću broda poginulo najmanje 80 putnika".] ''federalna.ba''. 13 June 2024. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240619140156/https://federalna.ba/public/u-demokratskoj-republici-kongo-u-potonucu-broda-poginulo-najmanje-80-putnika-1epqv Archived] from the original on 19 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2026</ref> Go tlala ga mekoro le go tlhoka go dirisa mekoro sentle go tswa kgakala e le bothata jo bo tona kwa [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].<ref>Harden, Blaine (8 November 1987). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/11/09/overloaded-smelly-and-mean-traveling-poor-in-africa/b95e9c87-5e6d-4f12-b3ee-c2aa94bf3726/ "Overloaded, smelly and mean: traveling poor in Africa"]. ''Washington Post''. Archived from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2026</ref><ref>Citera, Patrice (6 September 2010). [https://web.archive.org/web/20221207081432/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna39028085 "Lax safety makes Congo river travel dangerous".] ''CNN''. Archived from [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna39028085 the original] on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2026.</ref> Ga se bapagami botlhe ba ba kgonang go thuma mme ebile ga se gantsi ba neelwa dijekete tsa go babalela botshelo.<ref>Citera, Patrice (6 September 2010). [https://au.news.yahoo.com/dr-congo-boat-disaster-kills-162536368.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbi53aWtpcGVkaWEub3JnLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAII1hifKbgblx9fk8JmfGy1Vsda8MwB9BP7pxLFtTMEFvTjZ71LhR4wraPZ141UsJStZ3d-J714oy9h8UOeFcP6dhaUr26oIf9uVMsoilR0ojnC065cnwneU1lJd32DHaxgZ1wcvYDNHkUydB9wVXzAAu4F_sMf8pJAwYfWxqALb "Lax safety makes Congo river travel dangerous".] ''news.yahoo.com''. Retrieved 25 June 2026</ref> Sekepe se ne sa nwela mo nokeng ya Kasai ka 2010 sa bolaya batho ba le masome a robabobedi go tsena ba le lekgolo le masome a mane.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-10807021 "DR Congo boat sinking 'kills 140'".] ''BBC World News''. 29 July 2010. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210124235852/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-10807021 Archived f]rom the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 25 June 2026</ref> Sekepe se sengwe se se neng se tletse phetelela se ne sa pitokologa kwa Mbandaka sa bolaya batho ba le masome matlhano le bobedi ka Phalane 2023.<ref>Prentice, Alessandra; Rolley, Sonia; Kasongo, Ange (16 October 2023). [https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/death-toll-congo-boat-accident-rises-52-2023-10-16/ "Death toll from Congo boat accident rises to 52"]. ''Reuters''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231022170732/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/death-toll-congo-boat-accident-rises-52-2023-10-16/ Archived] from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 25 June 2026</ref> Mo bosheng, mokoro o ne wa nwela kwa [[Letsha la Kivu|letsheng la Kivu]] kwa botlhaba jwa lefatshe ka Firikgong 2024, sa bolaya bapagami ba le masome matlhano.<ref name=":1">Kamale, Jean-Yves (13 February 2024). [https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2024/01/29/dozens-are-presumed-dead-after-an-overloaded-boat-capsizes-on-lake-kivu-in-congo/ "Dozens are presumed dead after an overloaded boat capsizes on Lake Kivu in Congo".] Associated Press. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240616054941/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/2024/01/29/dozens-are-presumed-dead-after-an-overloaded-boat-capsizes-on-lake-kivu-in-congo/ Archived] from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2026</ref> == Ditiragalo == Ka Seetebosigo a le lesome ngwaga wa 2024 ka nako ya lesome le motso bosigo, sekepe se se neng se tletse phetelela se ya kwa Mushie kwa toropong ya Lebida<ref>[https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/over-80-killed-in-boat-accident-in-western-congo-101718207134478.html "Over 80 killed in boat accident in western Congo"]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20240614052859/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/over-80-killed-in-boat-accident-in-western-congo-101718207134478.html Archived] from the original on 14 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2026</ref> se ne sa senyega enjine, sa thula lotshitshi<ref>[https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/dr-congo-shipwreck-kills-more-80-people/ar-BB1o6t3j "DR Congo shipwreck kills more than 80 people".] ''MSN''. 15 June 2024. Archived from the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2026</ref> kgotsa sekepe sa bobedi<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/over-80-killed-boat-accident-congos-mai-ndombe-province-president-tshisekedi-2024-06-12/ "Over 80 killed in boat accident in western Congo".] ''Reuters''. 12 June 2024.</ref> sa nwela mo [[Noka ya Kasai|nokeng ya Kasai.]]<ref name=":2">[https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/other/over-80-killed-after-boat-capsizes-in-congo-s-kwa-river-due-to-engine-failure/ar-BB1o7wZf "Over 80 Killed After Boat Capsizes In Congo's Kwa River Due To Engine Failure".] ''MSN''. 15 June 2024. Archived from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2026</ref> Tiragalo e e diragetse kwa kgaolong ya Mai-Ndombe, dikhilomithara di le masome a supa go tswa kwa Mushie. Mo bathong ba le makgolo mabedi, masome a supa le motso ba ba neng ba le mo sekepeng, ba le masome a robabobedi le borataro ba ne ba tlhokafala, ba ne ba akaretsa bana ba le masome mabedi le motso. Batho ba feta lekgolo ba ne ba falodiwa,<ref name=":0" /> go ya ka mookamela kgaolo ya Mushi, ba le lekgolo, masome a robabobedi le botlhano ba ne ba kgona go thuma go ya kwa lotshitshing.<ref>[https://www.arabnews.com/node/2529456/world "More than 80 passengers killed in the latest boat accident in Congo".] ''arabnews.com''. 15 June 2024. Archived from the original on 13 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2026</ref> Go ya ka modiredi wa puso mongwe, mokoro o ne o tshotse dibeke tsa semente fa godimo ga bapalami, se ne se tletse thata.<ref name=":1" /> Tautona [[Felix Tshisekedi]] o ne a re batswa setlhabelo ba tlaa amogela thuso gape go tlaa diriwa tshekatsheko ya se se bakileng matlhotlhapelo a.<ref name=":2" /> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Matlhotlhapelo a 2021 a noka ya Congo]] * [[Matlhotlhapelo a 2024 a noka ya Bangu]] == Metswedi == mwyk2q6rf7yjhvyqv03mh82q7p548eg 0 14056 51544 2026-06-25T09:59:10Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya letsha la Tumba #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51544 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Tumba DRC.svg|thumb|Letsha la Ntomba, ka bohibidu]] '''Letšha la Ntomba''' (kgotsa '''Tumba''') ke letsha le le seng boteng kwa ntlheng e e kwa bokone-bophirima jwa [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] kwa kgaolong ya Bikoro kwa Equateur.<ref>Blaes, X. (October 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20100401040116/http://rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf "Découpage administratif de la République Démocratique du Congo"] (PDF). PNUD-SIG. Archived from [http://www.rgc.cd/doctech/UNDP-GIS-25_RDC_administratif.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2010-04-01. Retrieved 2026-06-25</ref> Leina Tumba le tswa mo go tlhokeng go bitsa leina le sentle ga beng gae. Letsha le bophara jwa dikhilomithara di le makgolo a supa, masome a marataro le botlhano go tswa mo pakeng, le kopantswe le [[noka ya Congo]] ke mosele wa Irebu. Metsi a ka elela go tswa kgotsa go tsena mo letsheng ka mosele o go tswa ka paka le merwalela. Letsha la Ntomba le na le mefuta e le lekgolo, lesome le bone ya ditlhaphi ebile le eme nokeng marekisetso a ditlhaphi a a botlhokwa.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080314015746/http://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM "INFORMATION ON FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO".] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. January 2001. Archived from [https://www.fao.org/fi/fcp/en/COD/BODY.HTM the original] on 2008-03-14. Retrieved 2026-06-25</ref> Letsha le kwa legareng la kgaolo ya Ntomba-Ngiri-Maindombe ke lefelo la makgobokgobo le le botlhokwa go ya ka bokopano jwa Ramsar ka 2008.<ref>[https://ens-newswire.com/ens/jul2008/2008-07-24-02.asp "DR Congo Announces World's Largest Protected Wetland".] ''Environment News Service''. July 24, 2008. Retrieved 2026-06-25</ref> Letsha la Ntomba le sekasekilwe ka 1883 ke Henry Morton Stanley. Sekgwa se se dikaganyeditseng letsha se nniwa ke batho ba morafe wa Mongo ba mo kgaolong e ba kgaoganeng gabedi: ba Oto ba ba lemang ba rua, le ba Twa, ba ba tshwarang ditlhapi. == Metswedi == 8n0hz4luvyyyt1heae4vqezki4xgxp4 0 14057 51545 2026-06-25T10:23:44Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Baro 51545 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Baro river Gambela.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Baro]] '''Noka ya Baro''' (Amharic) kgotsa Baro/Openo Wenz, e e itsiweng ke Anuak jaaka Noka ya Openo, ke noka e e kwa borwabophirima jwa Ethiopia, e e tlhalosang karolo ya molelwane wa [[Ethiopia]] le [[South Sudan]] . Go tswa kwa motsweding wa yone kwa Ethiopia, e elela kwa bophirima ka dikilometara di le makgolo a mararo le borataro go ya go kopana le Noka ya Pibor. Noka ya Baro-Pibor e tshologela mo nokeng ya Sobat, e e leng nngwe ya dinoka tse di tsenang mo nokeng ya White Nile. <ref>; online at Google Books</ref> Noka ya Baro le melatswana ya yone e e elelang mo metsing a yone a a lekanang le disekwerekilometara di le 4dikete tse nne le makgolo a mane. Selekanyo sa metsi a a tshologang ka ngwaga mo molomong wa noka eno ke 241 m3/s (8,510 ft3/s).<ref>; online at Google Books</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Sobat OSM.png|thumb|Noka ya Sobat e e bontshang Noka ya Baro]] == Tsela == Noka ya Baro/Openo e tlhodilwe ke go kopana ga dinoka tsa Birbir le Gebba, kwa botlhaba jwa Metu mo Illubabor Zone ya Kgaolo ya Oromia. E elela kwa bophirima go kgabaganya Kgaolo ya Gambela go kopana le Noka ya Pibor, ka bobedi jwa tsona di bopa Sobat. Dinoka tse dingwe tse di botlhokwa tsa Baro/Openo di akaretsa Alwero le Jikawo. Noka ya Baro e kopana le noka ya Pibor kwa bophirima jwa Jikawo. Ka paka ya dipula noka eno e a penologa e bo e nna lefelo le legolo le le tletseng metsi kwa botlhaba le kwa borwa jwa Jikawo, e e neng e tsenelela pele go fitlha kwa Abobo le Gogo kwa botlhaba le kwa borwabotlhaba. Noka ya Baro ke yone e e nang le metsi a mantsi thata e bile e kgona go tsamaisiwa sentle. Noka ya Khor Machar ke yone e e tsamaisang metsi a a tswang mo nokeng ya Baro e e nosetsang mafelo a a nang le ditlhatshana tsa Machar. == Ditso tsa tlholego == Noka ya Baro/Openo ke yone e kgolo go di feta tsotlhe mo dinokeng tse di elelang mo nokeng ya Sobat, mme e na le seabe sa 83% ya metsi otlhe a a elelang mo nokeng eno. Ka paka ya dipula, fa gare ga kgwedi ya Seetebosigo le Lwetse, Noka ya Baro e le yosi fela e tsenya diperesente di le lesome tsa metsi a Noka ya Nile kwa Aswan, kwa Egepeto. Go farologana le moo, dinoka tseno di na le metsi a mannye thata ka paka ya komelelo. 3] == Ditso == Molelwane magareng ga Sudan le Ethiopia o ne wa tlhalosiwa mo kgaolong e e gaufi le Noka ya Baro/Openo ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe ke Major H.H. Austin le Major Charles W. Gwynn wa British Royal Engineers.[ Ba ne ba sa itse sepe ka naga eo, banni ba yone, kana dipuo tsa bone, mme ba ne ba tlhaela dilo tse ba di tlhokang. Go na le gore ba tlhalose mola o o theilweng mo ditlhopheng tsa merafe le mo dikgaolong tsa setso, segolobogolo go bapa le mokgokolosa o o kgaoganyang dithaba le dipoa, ba ne ba akantsha fela gore mola oo o kgaoganngwe ke noka ya Akobo le dikarolo dingwe tsa dinoka tsa Pibor le Baro. Molelwane ono o ne wa konelwa ka Tumalano ya Anglo-Ethiopia ya ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le bobedi, e e neng ya felela ka gore go nne le lefelo mo Kgaolong ya Gambela ya Ethiopia le le bidiwang Baro/Openo Salient. Lefelo leno le amana thata le Sudan Borwa go na le Ethiopia, ka ntlha ya dilo tsa tlholego le ka ntlha ya batho. Baro Salient e ne e dirisiwa jaaka lefelo la botshabelo ke batsuolodi ba Sudan ka nako ya dintwa tsa selegae tse di tsereng lobaka lo loleele mo nageng eo. Go ne go le thata gore Sudan e nne le taolo mo kgaolong e e leng karolo ya Ethiopia, mme Ethiopia e ne e sa batle go nna le mapodisi mo kgaolong e e kgakala le go nna le seabe mo dipolotiking tsa dikgotlhang tsa Sudan tsa ka fa gare. Vittorio Bottego, yo o neng a tlhatlhoba lefelo le kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe, o ne a tshitshinya go taya noka leina la Admiral Simone Antonio Saint-Bon. 6] Noka e le nngwe fela e e tsamaisiwang ke dikepe kwa Ethiopia, toropo e e botlhokwa thata ya Baro ke Gambela, e e neng ya nna boemakepe go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le bosupa go fitlha ka bo ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe fa ntwa ya selegae kwa Ethiopia le Sudan e ne e pateletsa go emisa go tsamaisa dikepe mo nokeng. Letsha la kwa Italy. Usoni o ne a batla gauta mo mokgatšheng wa noka ya Baro mme a se ka a atlega, mme o ne a gatisa se a se boneng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le bobedi .<ref>[http://www.nai.uu.se/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/B/ORTBAL.pdf "Local History in Ethiopia"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20070616233835/http://www.nai.uu.se/library/resources/dossiers/local_history_of_ethiopia/B/ORTBAL.pdf Archived] June 16, 2007, at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]] (pdf) The Nordic Africa Institute website (accessed 21 December 2007)</ref> Borogo jwa bobedi jo boleele go gaisa mo Ethiopia bo kgabaganya Baro, bo golaganya dikarolo tse pedi tsa Kgaolo ya Gambela. Borogo jono bo boleele jwa dimetara di le makgolo a mararo le botlhano. <ref>[http://www.waltainfo.com/EnNews/2006/Oct/26Oct06/19713.htm " Longest bridge opens to traffic"] Archived March 10, 2007, at the [http://www.waltainfo.com/EnNews/2006/Oct/26Oct06/19713.htm Wayback Machine]</ref> == Metswedi == 4nuyzlamd89jplldl1l7o2qould9r0p 0 14058 51546 2026-06-25T10:28:23Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Letsha la Mai-Ndombe #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51546 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Mai-Ndombe and Fimi River DRC.svg|thumb|Letsha la Mai-Ndombe kwa nokeng ya Fimi, ka bohibidu]] '''Letšha la Mai-Ndombe''' (ka seFora: Lac '''Mai-Ndombe''', ka puo ya Dutch: '''Mai-Ndombemmer''') ke letsha le le kwa kgaolong ya Mai-Ndombe kwa bophirima jwa [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. Letsha le mo lefelong la Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe, lefelo la makgobokgobo le letona ka botlhokwa le lemogiwa ke bokopano jwa Ramsar mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030639/http://www.envirosecurity.org/espa/PDF/DRC_Logging_concessions_different_periods.pdf "Logging concession different periods"] (PDF). Institute for Environmental Security. Archived from [https://www.envirosecurity.org/espa/PDF/DRC_Logging_concessions_different_periods.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2026-06-25</ref> == Lefelo == Letsha le tshologela kwa borwa le raletse noka ya Fimo go ya kwa dinokeng tsa [[Noka ya Kasai|kwah]] le [[Noka ya Congo|Congo]]. Go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa 1972 le ne le itsiwe e le letsha la Leopold II, kgosi wa batho ba Belgium. Mai-Ndombe ke lefoko le le rayang "metsi a mantsho" ka puo ya Kikongo. Letsha le bopegile ka mo go sa tlwaelesegang le farologana ka boteng go tswa dimithara di le tlhano fela go tsena di le lesome. Le apesitse lefelo la dikhilomithara di le dikete pedi, makgolo a mararo, le itsege ka go oketsega gabedi kgotsa ga raro ka paka ya pula. Metsi a lone a na le okisejene mo boteng jwa one otlhe. Matshitshi a a kwa tlase a a dikgwa a dikologile letsha ka ditlhare tsa pula kwa bokone le sekgwa kwa borwa. == Ditshedi == Ditshekatsheko di upolotse mefutafuta ya ditshedi mo nokeng le go e dikologa, ka diphologolo di tshwana le mefuta e mebedi ya otter, bokgano, dinonyane tsa metsi, dikwena le dikhudu.<ref name=":0">Peck, E. (2013, updated 2015). [https://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/mai_ndombe Mai Ndombe] [https://web.archive.org/web/20170116162721/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/Mai_Ndombe Archived] 2017-01-16 at the Wayback Machine. Freshwater Ecoregions of the World. Retrieved 25 June 2026</ref> Letsha la Mai-Ndombe le na le metsi a mantsho a a nang le asiti, ditlhapi tsa letsha le ga go a kwalwa ka tsone thata, fa go tshwantshanngwa le dikgaolo ste dingwe kwa kgampung ya noka ya Congo.<ref name=":0" /> Le ntswa le tshwana ka popego le letsha la Tumba gape le kopane le lone ka mesele le makgobokgobo, go na le dipharologanyo mo ditlhaping tse di mo matsheng a mabedi a, le mefuta e mengwe e e tshwanang.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Michael Hardman; Melanie L.J. Stiassny. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282762727 "A sexually dimorphic species of ''Chrysichthys'' (Siluriformes: Claroteidae) from Lac Mai-Ndombe, Democratic Republic of the Congo"]. ''Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters''. '''19''' (2): 175–184 – via ResearchGate.</ref> Ditshekatsheko tsa pele di dirilwe ke George Albert Boulenger sedikadike sa dingwaga se se fitileng, go nnile le dipatlisiso di se kae tsa ditlhapi tsa letsha le. <ref name=":0" />Sekai, tshekatsheko ya ntlha ya bontlha jo bo kwa bokone e dirilwe ka 2002.<ref name=":2">Ulrich K. Schliewen; Melanie L. J. Stiassny (April 10, 2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267699287_A_new_species_of_Nanochromis_Teleostei_Cichlidae_from_Lake_Mai_Ndombe_central_Congo_Basin_Democratic_Republic_of_Congo "A new species of ''Nanochromis'' (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Mai Ndombe, central Congo Basin, Democratic Republic of Congo"]. ''Zootaxa''. '''1169''' (33) – via ResearchGate.</ref> Mefuta e le masome mararo ya ditlhapi e a itsiwe, mme palo e a akanyediwa gore e feta eo.<ref name=":0" /> Go na le mefuta e metlhano ya ditlhapi tse di fitlhelwang mo nokeng e fela: catfish Amphilius le cichid Hemichromis di tlhalositswe ke Boulenger.<ref name=":0" /> Tse di setseng ke tse di bonweng mo bosheng : ka 1984, mofuta o mosha wa cichid o ne wa bonwa mo letsheng.<ref>Donald J. Stewart; Tyson R. Roberts (February 23, 1984). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1445037 "A New Species of Dwarf Cichilid Fish with Reversed Sexual Dichromatism from Lac Mai-Ndombe, Zaïre".] ''Copeia''. '''1984''' (1): 82–86. doi:[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1445037?origin=crossref 10.2307/1445037]. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1445037 1445037].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 2006, mofuta o mongwe wa chichi o ne wa bonwa,<ref name=":2" /> ka 2008, mofuta wa catsfish o ne wa kwalwa.<ref name=":1" /> == Ditirelo tsa itsholelo == Mangwe a mafelo a kompone ya boroko ya Sodefor a kwa bokone le borwa jwa letsha la Mai-Ndombe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030926/http://www.sodefor.net/garantiesdf-social.php "Carte Illustrative Actions Sociales"]. SODEFOR. Archived from [http://sodefor.net/garantiesdf-social.php the original] on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2026 -06-25</ref> Ka Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa 2009, mekoro e le mebedi e ne ya nwela ya baka tatlhegelo ya matshelo a le masome a supa le boraro. Mokoro o ne o sa letlelelwa go pega bapagami, mme go ne go dumelwa o ne o pegile batho ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a supa ka nako eo.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8384441.stm BBC News article reporting the boat sinking]</ref> Letsha la Mai-Ndombe le mafaratlhatlha a noka a dirisiwa gantsi go pega batho go kgabaganya lefatshe ka mafaratlhatlha a tsela a sa lekana. Bontsi jwa mekoro e pega batho ba le makgolo letsatsi le letsatsi. Bontsi jwa mekoro e e megologolo ebile ga e tlhokomelwe. Ka letsatsi la Matlhatso , malatsi a le masome mabedi le botlhano ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa 2019, sekepe sa bapagami se pegile bapagami ba le makgolo a mararo, le masome a matlhano o ne wa nwela ka ntlha ya diphefo. Bapagami ba feta masome a mane le botlhano ba ne ba tlhomamisiwa fa ba tlhokafetse ka letsatsi la ntlha, ba feta lekgolo ba ne ba santse ba sa bonwe. Fa e tsiboga puso e ne ya re e tlaa kganela mekoro ya bapagami ya logong e e dingwaga di tlhano le go feta go tsamay mo letsheng.<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/2019/05/27/africa/congo-lake-accident-intl/index.html "30 dead, more than 150 missing after boat sinks on Congo lake".] ''CNN''. 2019-05-27. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190712203935/https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/27/africa/congo-lake-accident-intl/index.html Archived] from the original on 2019-07-12.</ref> == Metswedi == jfn5xrf5jfqxikg7hx3oyhu4yfsx5t3 51548 51546 2026-06-25T10:41:03Z MmaBaggio 11091 51548 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Lake Mai-Ndombe and Fimi River DRC.svg|thumb|Letsha la Mai-Ndombe kwa nokeng ya Fimi, ka bohibidu]] '''Letšha la Mai-Ndombe''' (ka seFora: Lac '''Mai-Ndombe''', ka puo ya Dutch: '''Mai-Ndombemmer''') ke letsha le le kwa kgaolong ya Mai-Ndombe kwa bophirima jwa [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. Letsha le mo lefelong la Tumba-Ngiri-Maindombe, lefelo la makgobokgobo le letona ka botlhokwa le lemogiwa ke bokopano jwa Ramsar mo lefatsheng ka bophara.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030639/http://www.envirosecurity.org/espa/PDF/DRC_Logging_concessions_different_periods.pdf "Logging concession different periods"] (PDF). Institute for Environmental Security. Archived from [https://www.envirosecurity.org/espa/PDF/DRC_Logging_concessions_different_periods.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2026-06-25</ref> == Lefelo == Letsha le tshologela kwa borwa le raletse noka ya Fimo go ya kwa dinokeng tsa [[Noka ya Kasai|kwah]] le [[Noka ya Congo|Congo]]. Go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bobedi le ne le itsiwe e le letsha la Leopold II, kgosi wa batho ba Belgium. Mai-Ndombe ke lefoko le le rayang "metsi a mantsho" ka puo ya Kikongo. Letsha le bopegile ka mo go sa tlwaelesegang le farologana ka boteng go tswa dimithara di le tlhano fela go tsena di le lesome. Le apesitse lefelo la dikhilomithara di le dikete pedi, makgolo a mararo, le itsege ka go oketsega gabedi kgotsa ga raro ka paka ya pula. Metsi a lone a na le okisejene mo boteng jwa one otlhe. Matshitshi a a kwa tlase a a dikgwa a dikologile letsha ka ditlhare tsa pula kwa bokone le sekgwa kwa borwa. == Ditshedi == Ditshekatsheko di upolotse mefutafuta ya ditshedi mo nokeng le go e dikologa, ka diphologolo di tshwana le mefuta e mebedi ya otter, bokgano, dinonyane tsa metsi, dikwena le dikhudu.<ref name=":0">Peck, E. (2013, updated 2015). [https://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/mai_ndombe Mai Ndombe] [https://web.archive.org/web/20170116162721/http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/Mai_Ndombe Archived] 2017-01-16 at the Wayback Machine. Freshwater Ecoregions of the World. Retrieved 25 June 2026</ref> Letsha la Mai-Ndombe le na le metsi a mantsho a a nang le asiti, ditlhapi tsa letsha le ga go a kwalwa ka tsone thata, fa go tshwantshanngwa le dikgaolo ste dingwe kwa kgampung ya noka ya Congo.<ref name=":0" /> Le ntswa le tshwana ka popego le letsha la Tumba gape le kopane le lone ka mesele le makgobokgobo, go na le dipharologanyo mo ditlhaping tse di mo matsheng a mabedi a, le mefuta e mengwe e e tshwanang.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">Michael Hardman; Melanie L.J. Stiassny. [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282762727 "A sexually dimorphic species of ''Chrysichthys'' (Siluriformes: Claroteidae) from Lac Mai-Ndombe, Democratic Republic of the Congo"]. ''Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters''. '''19''' (2): 175–184 – via ResearchGate.</ref> Ditshekatsheko tsa pele di dirilwe ke George Albert Boulenger sedikadike sa dingwaga se se fitileng, go nnile le dipatlisiso di se kae tsa ditlhapi tsa letsha le. <ref name=":0" />Sekai, tshekatsheko ya ntlha ya bontlha jo bo kwa bokone e dirilwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bobedi .<ref name=":2">Ulrich K. Schliewen; Melanie L. J. Stiassny (April 10, 2006). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267699287_A_new_species_of_Nanochromis_Teleostei_Cichlidae_from_Lake_Mai_Ndombe_central_Congo_Basin_Democratic_Republic_of_Congo "A new species of ''Nanochromis'' (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Mai Ndombe, central Congo Basin, Democratic Republic of Congo"]. ''Zootaxa''. '''1169''' (33) – via ResearchGate.</ref> Mefuta e le masome mararo ya ditlhapi e a itsiwe, mme palo e a akanyediwa gore e feta eo.<ref name=":0" /> Go na le mefuta e metlhano ya ditlhapi tse di fitlhelwang mo nokeng e fela: catfish Amphilius le cichid Hemichromis di tlhalositswe ke Boulenger.<ref name=":0" /> Tse di setseng ke tse di bonweng mo bosheng : ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le bone , mofuta o mosha wa cichid o ne wa bonwa mo letsheng.<ref>Donald J. Stewart; Tyson R. Roberts (February 23, 1984). [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1445037 "A New Species of Dwarf Cichilid Fish with Reversed Sexual Dichromatism from Lac Mai-Ndombe, Zaïre".] ''Copeia''. '''1984''' (1): 82–86. doi:[https://www.jstor.org/stable/1445037?origin=crossref 10.2307/1445037]. JSTOR [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1445037 1445037].</ref> Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borataro, mofuta o mongwe wa chichi o ne wa bonwa,<ref name=":2" /> ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a robabobedi mofuta wa catsfish o ne wa kwalwa.<ref name=":1" /> == Ditirelo tsa itsholelo == Mangwe a mafelo a kompone ya boroko ya Sodefor a kwa bokone le borwa jwa letsha la Mai-Ndombe.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030926/http://www.sodefor.net/garantiesdf-social.php "Carte Illustrative Actions Sociales"]. SODEFOR. Archived from [http://sodefor.net/garantiesdf-social.php the original] on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2026 -06-25</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a robabongwe, mekoro e le mebedi e ne ya nwela ya baka tatlhegelo ya matshelo a le masome a supa le boraro. Mokoro o ne o sa letlelelwa go pega bapagami, mme go ne go dumelwa o ne o pegile batho ba le makgolo a mabedi le masome a supa ka nako eo.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8384441.stm BBC News article reporting the boat sinking]</ref> Letsha la Mai-Ndombe le mafaratlhatlha a noka a dirisiwa gantsi go pega batho go kgabaganya lefatshe ka mafaratlhatlha a tsela a sa lekana. Bontsi jwa mekoro e pega batho ba le makgolo letsatsi le letsatsi. Bontsi jwa mekoro e e megologolo ebile ga e tlhokomelwe. Ka letsatsi la Matlhatso , malatsi a le masome mabedi le botlhano ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe , sekepe sa bapagami se pegile bapagami ba le makgolo a mararo, le masome a matlhano o ne wa nwela ka ntlha ya diphefo. Bapagami ba feta masome a mane le botlhano ba ne ba tlhomamisiwa fa ba tlhokafetse ka letsatsi la ntlha, ba feta lekgolo ba ne ba santse ba sa bonwe. Fa e tsiboga puso e ne ya re e tlaa kganela mekoro ya bapagami ya logong e e dingwaga di tlhano le go feta go tsamay mo letsheng.<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/2019/05/27/africa/congo-lake-accident-intl/index.html "30 dead, more than 150 missing after boat sinks on Congo lake".] ''CNN''. 2019-05-27. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190712203935/https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/27/africa/congo-lake-accident-intl/index.html Archived] from the original on 2019-07-12.</ref> == Metswedi == hv8hq7rfxnlfklw6fmfft8irshmr1dy 0 14059 51547 2026-06-25T10:38:40Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Lucala #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51547 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Lucala|image_name=Quedas-Kalandula 11 escoa-o-rio-Lucala LWS-2011-08 QD36.jpg|caption=Noka ya Lucala e tswa kwa mokgatsheng o o dirilweng ke diphororo tsa Kalandula|image_map=Angola rel location map.svg|location=Kgaolo ya Uige|mouth=[[Noka ya Cuanza]]}} '''Noka ya Lucala''' ke noka e e kwa [[Angola]], motswedi o o mo mojeng wa noka e kgolo go fetisa tsotlhe kwa Angola ya [[Noka ya Cuanza|Cuanza]].<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Cuanza-River "Cuanza River Africa, Angola, Zambezi".] ''www.britannica.com''. Retrieved 2026-06-25</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Rio-Lucala perto-de-Kalandula Prov-Malanje Angola Agosto2011 LWS-2011-08 Luc08.JPG|left|thumb|Kwa tlase ga diphororo, go kgabaganya tsela ya Luije-Kalandua]] Motswedi wa noka ya Lucala o kwa kgaolong ya Uige, e ralala kgaolo ya Malanje, kwa e tshelang kwa [[Diphororo tsa Kalandula|diphororong tsa Kalandula]], e felele e tshela kwa nokeng ya Cuanza gaufi le Massangano kwa kgaolong ya Cuanza Norte, dikhilomithara fela kwa tlase ga Dondo. == Metswedi == cmo3fmig94iah5inea3hpmfaqdhr5mi 0 14060 51549 2026-06-25T10:43:16Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Cutato #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51549 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Cutato|image_name=Cuanza River System OSM.png|caption=Mafaratlhatlha a noka ya Cuanza le noka ya Cutato (kwa tlase legare)|basin_countries=[[Angola]]|mouth=[[Noka ya Cuanza]]}} '''Noka ya Cutato''' ke noka e e kwa legareng la lefatshe la [[Angola]], ke motswedi wa [[noka ya Cuanza]].<ref>Royal Society of Edinburgh (1917). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=l4tPAAAAYAAJ&redir_esc=y Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh]''. The Society. p. 512. Retrieved 25 June 2026</ref> E elelela kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa Benguela.<ref>Wahlen, Auguste (1839). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=mpIPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA308&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Dictionnaire géographie universel: contenant la description de tous les lieux du globe, intéressans sous le rapport de la géographie physique et politique, de l'histoire, de la statistique, du commerce, de l'industrie, etc]'' (in French). J. de Waet. p. 308. Retrieved 25 June 2026.</ref> Toropo ya Cutato e mo nokeng e. == Metswedi == f7jb06mu2ei3fveiv43nxcp4iscdll3 0 14061 51552 2026-06-25T10:50:23Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya M'pozo 51552 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Stanley Founding of Congo Free State 218 View of Mpozo Station and River from Vivi.jpg|thumb|Setshwantsho se se tswang mo bukeng ya ga Henry Morton Stanley ya 1885 ya The Congo and the founding of its free state; a story of work and exploration]] '''Noka ya M'pozo''' (French) ke noka mo porofenseng ya Bas-Congo mo [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]].<ref>Stiassny, Melanie; Schelly, Robert; Mamonekene, Victor (Feb 2009). [http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1643/CI-07-252 "A New Alestes (Characiformes, Alestidae) from the Mpozo River in the Democratic Republic of Congo"]. ''Copeia''. '''2009''': 110–116. doi:[[doi:10.1643/CI-07-252|10.1643/CI-07-252.]] Retrieved 24 December 2014.</ref> Motswedi wa yone o kwa [[Angola]] mme o bopa karolo ya molelwane wa Angola le Democratic Republic of the Congo. Noka e felela mo lebopong la molema la [[Noka ya Congo]], dikilometara di le mmalwa go tswa kwa [[Matadi]]. <ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/@-5.816524,13.4906778,2267m/data=!3m1!1e3 "Google Maps"]. Google. Retrieved 24 December 2014.</ref> Setshwantsho se se tswang mo bukeng ya ga Henry Morton Stanley ya ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano ya The Congo and the founding of its free state; a story of work and exploration [[Setshwantsho:Lake Mai-Ndombe and Fimi River DRC.svg|thumb|Letsha la Mai-Ndombe kwa nokeng ya Fimi, ka bohibidu]] Noka e itsege thata ka karolo e e kwa tlase ya tsela ya yone le ka kgogometso ya yone, e e dirisiwang ke Matadi ⁇ Kinshasa Railway, mme e ne e le bothata jo bogolo fa go ne go agiwa seporo seno sa terena kwa bofelong jwa lekgolo la bo lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga. <ref>Franklin, John (1998). ''George Washington Williams: A Biography''. Durham, N.C: Duke University Press. p. 257.</ref> == Metswedi == qucwcefgkyo6u3ahectif082mo7afvh 0 14062 51557 2026-06-25T11:18:24Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Malagarasi 51557 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Malagarasi River in Mganza Ward.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Malagarasi]] '''Noka ya Malagarasi''' ke noka e e mo bophirima jwa [[Tanzania|Tanzania,]] e elela mo Kgaolong ya Kigoma, le fa e le gore nngwe ya dinoka tsa yone e tswa kwa borwabotlhaba jwa [[Burundi]]. Noka eno gape e bopa molelwane wa bophirima wa Kgaolo ya Tabora, molelwane wa borwa wa Kgaolo ya Kagera le molelwane wa borwabophirima wa Kgaolo ya Geita. Ke noka ya bobedi e telele go gaisa kwa Tanzania morago ga Rufiji ⁇ Great Ruaha, mme e na le metsi a magolo go gaisa noka epe e e elelang mo Letsheng la Tanganyika. <ref name=":0">Shick, Kate; Flaccus, Kathy. [http://www.geo.arizona.edu/nyanza/pdf/ShickFlaccus.pdf "Malagarasi River Delta Sedimentology: Evidence of Lake Level Changes in Lake Tanganyika"] (PDF). Geology Department of the [[:en:University_of_Arizona|University of Arizona]]. Retrieved 30 May 2012.</ref>'''Malagarasi-Muyovozi Wetlands''' ke [[lefelo la Ramsar]]. Ditso tsa lefelo leo di bitsa Malagarasi di re ke "noka ya meya e e bosula". == Dipopego tsa lefatshe == Malagarasi ke noka ya bobedi e telele go gaisa kwa Tanzania, ka dikilometara di le makgolo a mane le masome a supa le botlhano. <ref name=":1">Kisangani, Emizet F.; Bobb, F. Scott (2010). [https://books.google.com/books?id=FvAWPTaRvFYC&pg=PA299 ''Historical Dictionary of the Democratic Republic of the Congo''.] Scarecrow Press. p. 299. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5761-2|978-0-8108-5761-2]]</bdi>. Retrieved 30 May 2012.</ref><ref>Elf-Aquitaine (Company) (1992). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=A3QcAQAAMAAJ Bulletin des centres de recherches exploration-production Elf-Aquitaine]''. Société nationale Elf-Aquitaine (Production). Retrieved 30 May 2012.</ref> Motswedi wa noka eno o gaufi le molelwane wa Tanzania le Burundi.<ref name=":0" /> Dikilometara tsa ntlha tse masome a robabobedi (50 mi) tsa noka di dira molelwane wa boditšhabatšhaba magareng ga Tanzania le Burundi. Dinoka di le mmalwa tse di elelang go tswa kwa dithabeng tsa Burundi di tsena mo lobopong lwa yone lo lo kafa mojeng. Morago ga go kopana le Noka ya Lumpungu, Malagarasi e tsena mo Tanzania, e dira sediko e bo e tshologela kwa ntlheng ya botlhaba jwa Letsha la Tanganyika dikilometara di le masome a mane kwa borwa jwa Kigoma, gaufi le Ilagala. <ref>''Maps'' (Map). [[:en:Google_Maps|Google Maps.]]</ref> Ke nngwe ya metswedi e megolo ya metsi e e tsenang mo letsheng leno. Noka ya Moyowosi ke yone e e tsenang mo go yone, mmogo le noka ya Nikongo;<ref>Hughes, R. H.; Hughes, J. S. (1992). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=VLjafeXa3gMC&pg=PA244 A Directory of African Wetlands]''. IUCN. pp. 244–. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-88032-949-5|<bdi>978-2-88032-949-5</bdi>.]] Retrieved 28 May 2012.</ref> dinoka tse dingwe di akaretsa Noka ya Ugalla, Noka ya Gombe, Noka ya Ruchugi, [[Noka ya Lumpungu]],<ref>Brownlie, Ian; Burns, Ian R. (1979). [https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Du4k0udx4C&pg=PA748 ''African Boundaries: A Legal and Diplomatic Encyclopaedia''.] C. Hurst. p. 748. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-903983-87-7|<bdi>978-0-903983-87-7</bdi>.]] Retrieved 30 May 2012.</ref> le Noka ya Nguya. Ke noka e e nang le melatswana e e kwa tlase,<ref>Klerkx, J.; Imanackunov, Beishen (1 January 2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=2TT9q-vcN8IC&pg=PA231 ''Lake Issyk-Kul: Its Natural Environment''.] Springer. pp. 231–. ISBN <bdi>9[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-0900-6|78-1-4020-0900-6]]</bdi>. Retrieved 28 May 2012.</ref>mme metsi a yone a na le mafelo a le mane a botshelo: mafelo a a ditlhatshana, melatswana ya dinoka, noka e e elelang e e nang le melatswana e se kae, le delta e kgolo e e nang le makala a mabedi.<ref>Thieme, Michele L. (5 April 2005). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3nkL9NqqlscC&pg=PA197 Freshwater Ecoregions of Africa and Madagascar: A Conservation Assessment]''. Island Press. pp. 197–. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-55963-365-9|<bdi>978-1-55963-365-9</bdi>.]] Retrieved 28 May 2012.</ref> Go elela ga noka go farologana thata magareng ga modikologo wa ngwaga le ngwaga wa dipaka tse di metsi le tse di omileng, mme ka dinako tse dingwe go ka nna ga nna le merwalela kgotsa go fokotsega go nna molatswana o monnye; go elela gape go amiwa ke temothuo ya selegae le go rengwa ga dikgwa tse di oketsang selekanyo sa matlakala mo nokeng. <ref name=":0" /> Kwa Mberagule, metsi a noka a lekanyeditswe go nna 6,9 dikhubikilometara ka ngwaga. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":0" />Mo e ka nnang dikilometara di le masome a robabobedi go tswa mo molomong wa yone, noka e elela go kgabaganya mafelo a a nang le metsi a mantsi a Moyowosi, lefelo le le nang le "maru a magolo le mafelo a a nang le metsi a mantsi" le "marshy labyrinth". <ref>Kamukala, G. L.; Crafter, S. A. (1993). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=kbLsJa81gpgC&pg=PA34 Wetlands of Tanzania: Proceedings of a Seminar on the Wetlands of Tanzania, Morogoro, Tanzania, 27-29 November, 1991]''. IUCN Wetlands Programme. p. 34. ISBN <bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-0185-1|978-2-8317-0185-1]]</bdi>. Retrieved 30 May 2012.</ref><ref>Lambrecht, Frank L. (1991). [https://books.google.com/books?id=_TWftBeiEFEC&pg=PA217 ''In the Shade of an Acacia Tree: Memoirs of a Health Officer in Africa, 1945-1959''.] American Philosophical Society. p. 217. ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-87169-194-1|<bdi>978-0-87169-194-1</bdi>.]] Retrieved 30 May 2012.</ref>E feta ka Dodoma Belt, lefelo la thutafatshe la Archaean le Proterozoic age Precambrian crystalline rocks.<ref name=":0" /> == Kgaolo ya metsi == Ka kgaolo ya noka ya 130,000 square kilometres (50,000 sq mi), Malagarasi e na le metsi a magolo go gaisa dinoka tsotlhe tse di elelang mo Letsheng la Tanganyika. <ref name=":0" />Lefelo la metsi la Malagarasi le dira 30% ya lefelo la metsi a letsha la Tanganyika.<ref>Director of Wildlife, Wildlife Division of the United Republic of Tanzania (1999). "The Malagarasi-Muyovozi Wetlands". Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands, 21-08-1999. Accessed 18 September 2019. [https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/TZ1024RIS.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>]</ref> Lefelo la metsi la Malagarasi le kgabagantswe kwa bokone ke letsha la Victoria, kwa botlhaba ke lekadiba le le tswaletsweng la Southern Eastern Rift, kwa borwa ke lekadiba le le tswaletsweng la Letsha la Rukwa, le kwa botlhaba ke Letsha la Tanganyika. <ref>"Malagarasi-Moyowosi". Freshwater Ecoregions of the World (FEOW). Accessed 18 September 2019. [http://www.feow.org/ecoregions/details/543 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>]</ref> Bontsi jwa kgaolo e ke sekgwa sa miombo, mme ditlhare tsa Brachystegia spiciformis le Julbernardia globiflora ke tsone tse di leng kwa godimo. Go na le mafelo a mantsi a a tletseng ka metsi a a tletseng ka bojang mo bogareng jwa Malagarasi-Moyowosi basin, le go bapa le noka ya Ugalla go ya kwa borwabophirima. <ref>"Zambezian Flooded Grasslands". WWF ecoregion profile, accessed 18 September 2019. [https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/at0907 <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>]</ref> == Ditso == Go ya ka moithutatlholego Rosemary Lowe-McConnell, "Malagarasi le Noka ya Rungwa go tsewa gore ke metswedi ya metsi a a tswang kwa pele ga lekgwamolelo la Zaire". Malagarasi e simolotse pele ga Letšha la Tanganyika mme e ne e le karolo ya Noka ya Congo go ya kwa bophirima. Go tloga ka nako eo go ne ga bolelwa gore Letsha la Tanganyika le ne la "fetoga le bo la boela morago, le ne la ntsha matlapana a masha, la fetola noka ya delta, le go fetola tsela e noka e elelang ka yone".<ref name=":0" /> Go ralala ditso tsa yone, bogodimo jwa letsha bo fetogile thata magareng ga dimetara di le lekgolo le makgolo a mabedi (330 le 660 ft); dipego tsa hisetori tsa kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobongwe di supa gore e ne e le bogodimo jwa dimetara di le lesome (33 ft) go feta gompieno.<ref name=":0" /> == Setso == Ditso tsa lefelo leo di bitsa Malagarasi di re ke "noka ya meya e e bosula". Kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le borobabobgwe , batho ba Wavinza, ba ba neng ba tsamaisa tirelo ya mokoro wa noka go tswa kwa lobopong lo lo kafa molemeng, ba ne ba tila go kopanngwa le batho ba Wanyamwezi ka ntlha ya sekgoreletsi sa tlholego se se dirilweng ke Malagarasi. 17] Gape kwa lobopong lo longwe e ne e le Wangoni (Watutu Zulu).[ 18] Henry Morton Stanley, yo o neng a tsaya barongwa ba le botlhokwa mo "tirong ya tlhabologo" ya Afrika, o ne a bolela gore barongwa ba ne ba ka latela Malagarasi mme ba tsaya karolo mo "maetong a go sokololela kwa Uvinza, Uha, le Ugala". 19] == Metswedi == mx6gmaqbbt9zqupn4ojmqxdff1py5su 0 14063 51558 2026-06-25T11:23:53Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Bentiaba #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51558 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Bentiaba|image_map=Angola rel location map.svg|caption=Lefelo kwa Angola|basin_countries=[[Angola]]}} '''Noka ya Bentiaba''' (kgotsa Rio de Sao Nicolau kgotsa noka ya Saint Nicolas) ke noka e e kwa borwa jwa [[Angola]]. Molomo wa yone o kwa lewatleng la Atlantic gaufi le kgaolo ya Bentiaba kwa kgaolong ya Namibe. Lotshitshi lwa noka lo ntshitse palo ya maselela a dilo tsa bogologolo tsa motlha wa Cretaceous di akaretsa mosasaurs go tswa kwa Itombe.<ref name=":0">Strganac, C., Jacobs L., Polcyn M., Mateus O., Myers T., Araújo R., Fergunson K. M., Gonçalves A. O., Morais M. L., Schulp A. S., da Tavares T. S., & Salminen J. (2014). Geological Setting and Paleoecology of the Upper Cretaceous Bench 19 Marine Vertebrate Bonebed at Bentiaba, Angola. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. 1-16.</ref><ref>Polcyn, Michael J.; Jacobs, Louis L.; Schulp, Anne S.; Mateus, Octávio (March 2010). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08912961003754978 "The North African Mosasaur Globidens phosphaticus from the Maastrichtian of Angola"]. ''Historical Biology''. '''22''' (1–3): 175–185. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08912961003754978 10.1080/08912961003754978.] ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0891-2963 0891-2963]. S2CID [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-North-African-Mosasaur-Globidens-phosphaticus-Polcyn-Jacobs/2b38f3491ebad61695ace449ebc2bc3ca3445e91 62882332.]</ref> Bentiaba gape ke leina le le filweng mokwatla wa marapo a motlha wa Cretaceous.<ref name=":0" /> == Metswedi == h59waeofrtqvpo862xvubrdn3q6s9bj 51560 51558 2026-06-25T11:24:52Z JudithShe 9421 51560 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Bentiaba|image_map=Angola rel location map.svg|caption=Lefelo kwa Angola|basin_countries=[[Angola]]}} '''Noka ya Bentiaba''' (kgotsa Rio de Sao Nicolau kgotsa noka ya Saint Nicolas) ke noka e e kwa borwa jwa [[Angola]]. Molomo wa yone o kwa lewatleng la Atlantic gaufi le kgaolo ya Bentiaba kwa kgaolong ya Namibe. Lotshitshi lwa noka lo ntshitse palo ya maselela a dilo tsa bogologolo tsa motlha wa Cretaceous di akaretsa mosasaurs go tswa kwa Itombe.<ref name=":0">Strganac, C., Jacobs L., Polcyn M., Mateus O., Myers T., Araújo R., Fergunson K. M., Gonçalves A. O., Morais M. L., Schulp A. S., da Tavares T. S., & Salminen J. (2014). Geological Setting and Paleoecology of the Upper Cretaceous Bench 19 Marine Vertebrate Bonebed at Bentiaba, Angola. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. 1-16.</ref><ref>Polcyn, Michael J.; Jacobs, Louis L.; Schulp, Anne S.; Mateus, Octávio (March 2010). [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08912961003754978 "The North African Mosasaur Globidens phosphaticus from the Maastrichtian of Angola"]. ''Historical Biology''. '''22''' (1–3): 175–185. doi:[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08912961003754978 10.1080/08912961003754978.] ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0891-2963 0891-2963]. S2CID [https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-North-African-Mosasaur-Globidens-phosphaticus-Polcyn-Jacobs/2b38f3491ebad61695ace449ebc2bc3ca3445e91 62882332.]</ref> Bentiaba gape ke leina le le filweng mokwatla wa marapo a motlha wa Cretaceous.<ref>Strganac, C., Jacobs L., Polcyn M., Mateus O., Myers T., Araújo R., Fergunson K. M., Gonçalves A. O., Morais M. L., Schulp A. S., da Tavares T. S., & Salminen J. (2014). Geological Setting and Paleoecology of the Upper Cretaceous Bench 19 Marine Vertebrate Bonebed at Bentiaba, Angola. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences. 1-16.</ref> == Metswedi == 7fvqeazjc4bc6trpovihsnfpornflye 0 14064 51561 2026-06-25T11:25:25Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Mano 51561 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Liberia Mano River.png|thumb|Noka ya Mano]] '''Noka ya Mano''' ke noka ya kwa bophirima jwa Afrika . E tlhoga kwa [[Guinea Highlands]] kwa [[Liberia]] mme e bopa karolo ya molelwane wa [[Liberia-Sierra Leone]]. <ref>[https://www.britannica.com/place/Mano-River "Mano River | river, West Africa".] ''Encyclopedia Britannica''. Retrieved 2017-06-30.</ref> Dikarolo tse noka eno e elelang mo go tsone di akaretsa kgaolo ya Parrot's Beak kwa [[Guinea|Guinea,]] Kgaolo ya Lofa kwa Liberia le Kgaolo ya Kono le ya Kailahun kwa Sierra Leone. Go epa diteemane ke kgwebo e kgolo mo mafelong ano. Taolo ya khumo ya kgaolo le go sa tlhomamang ga mebuso ya bosetšhaba ya dinaga tsotlhe tse tharo go ne ga isa kwa metseletseleng ya dikgotlhang tse di setlhogo tse di neng di ama dikgaolo tseno ka dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (Bona Ntwa ya Selegae ya Sierra Leone, Ntwa ya Pele ya Selegae ya Liberia, Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Selegae ya Liberia). Liberia le Sierra Leone ba ne ba tlhoma [[Mano River Union]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le boraro . <ref>[http://wits.worldbank.org/GPTAD/PDF/archive/MRU.pdf "No. 13608 (Mano River Declaration)"] (PDF). World Bank.</ref>Guinea e ne ya nna leloko ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi. E ne ya tsosolosiwa gape ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone jaaka kopano ya itsholelo le ya lekgetho; Côte d'Ivoire e ne ya nna leloko ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi.<ref>[http://www.afdb.org/en/projects-and-operations/project-portfolio/project/p-z1-kf0-019/ "MANO River Union Capacity Building and Technical Assistance for Institutional Strengthening"]. [[:en:African_Development_Bank|African Development Bank Group.]]</ref> == Metswedi == btd3qqrrr43m3l5u39zua8z7bsvq5ca 0 14065 51563 2026-06-25T11:29:51Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Rio Quicombo #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51563 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=Noka ya Rio Cubal|image_name=Gorge of Rio Cubal, Angola.jpg|basin_countries=[[Angola]]|elevation_m=0|location=Cuanza Sul}} '''Noka ya Rio Cubal''' ke noka e e kwa borwa jwa [[Sumbe]], kwa [[Angola]] le bokone jwa Kikombo kwa kgaolong ya Cuanza sul kwa Angola. Mekgokolosa ya motlhaba e lebile mo Rio Quicombo mo matlhakoreng otlhe. E kwa borogo bo kgabaganyang noka teng.<ref>[https://www.thecrag.com/en/climbing/angola/area/9255368898 "Rio Quicombo, Sport climbing"]. ''theCrag''. Retrieved 2026-06-25</ref> == Metswedi == 9gohpefma0oxbkbhm9qblsskdf548k9 0 14066 51566 2026-06-25T11:33:28Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Mayo Kébbi 51566 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mayo Kébbi''' ke noka e e kwa Bogare le Bophirima jwa Afrika. Noka e simologa kwa Chad, e bo e elela kwa bophirima go tsena mo Nokaneng wa Bénoué.<ref>[https://www.globalforestwatch.org/dashboards/country/TCD/14/?category=forest-change&location=WyJjb3VudHJ5IiwiVENEIiwiMTQiXQ%3D%3D&map=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&showMap=true&widget=treeLossRanked "Mayo-Kebbi Est, Chad Deforestation Rates & Statistics | GFW".]</ref> Mayo-Kébbi ke letsha le legolo la letsha la Fianga, le le kgaoganngwang ke [[Cameroon]] le [[Chad]]. <ref>[https://www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g3657391-Mayo_Kebbi_Est_Region-Vacations.html "Mayo-Kebbi Est Region 2023: Best Places to Visit - Tripadvisor".]</ref> Mo nakong e e fetileng, Mayo Kébbi e ne e le lefelo la go tswa mo letsheng la Mega-Chad. <ref>Leblanc et al. (2006). "Reconstruction of megalake Chad using shuttle radar topographic mission data". ''Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology'' 239, pp. 16–27 ISSN [https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-0182 0031-0182 1872-616X]</ref> Go nna teng ga manatee ya Aforika kwa matsenong a Letsha la Chad ke bosupi jwa seno, ka ge manatee e le fela mo dinokeng tse di golagantsweng le Lewatle la Atlantic (ke gore ga go kgonege gore e iphetogetse ka go farologana mo Chad Basin e e tswaletsweng).<ref>[https://www.tripadvisor.com/Tourism-g3657436-Mayo_Kebbi_Ouest_Region-Vacations.html "Mayo-Kebbi Ouest Region: All You Must Know Before You Go (2024) - Tripadvisor".]</ref>Botona jwa noka ya Mayo Kébbi gape ke bosupi jwa go tshologa ga metsi go tswa kwa Mega-Chad; metsi a a kwa godimo ga noka ya gompieno a mannye thata go ka epa kanale e kgolo jaana. <ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Map-showing-the-location-of-Mayo-Kebbi-Ouest-region-provided-by-Google-Map_fig1_326300461 "Figure 1. Map showing the location of Mayo-Kebbi Ouest region (Provided".]</ref> == Kgotlelo == Go ya ka patlisiso e e dirilweng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa , noka ya Mayo Kébbi e kgotlelwa ke dimetale tse di bokete tse di jaaka: Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe, Mn, As, Zn, Ni le Cr mme go na le matlakala a a latlhelwang mo nokeng a mangwe a one a leng botlhole thata mo diphologolong tsa metsi. <ref>Tchakounté, Jacqueline; Eglinger, Aurélien; Toteu, Sadrak Félix; Zeh, Armin; Nkoumbou, Charles; Mvondo-Ondoa, Joseph; Penaye, Joseph; de Wit, Martin; Barbey, Pierre (2017-09-01). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301926816306155 "The Adamawa-Yadé domain, a piece of Archaean crust in the Neoproterozoic Central African Orogenic belt (Bafia area, Cameroon)".] ''Precambrian Research''. '''299''': 210–229. Bibcode:2017PreR..299..210T. doi:[[doi:10.1016/j.precamres.2017.07.001|10.1016/j.precamres.2017.07.001.]] ISSN 0301-9268.</ref> == Metswedi == 9s7ulmqq02j0p4h38uhnzcfarhgoe8s 0 14067 51569 2026-06-25T11:38:21Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Ora #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51569 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Rivers and lakes of Uganda.png|thumb|Dinoka le matsha a Uganda]] '''Noka ya Ora''' ke noka e e kwa bophirima jwa Nile kwa bokone jwa [[Uganda]]. Ke motswedi wa [[noka ya Albert Nile]].<ref>[https://mapy.com/en/turisticka?source=osm&id=1032691030&x=31.2023836&y=2.5321746&z=10 "Ora River (River) • Mapy.com".] ''Mapy.com''. Retrieved 2026-06-25.</ref> E kwa bokone-bophirima jwa Uganda.<ref>[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/oped/commentary/west-nile-s-ora-river-to-finally-prosper-communities-on-its-banks-1822992 "West Nile's Ora River to finally prosper communities on its banks".] ''Monitor''. 2021-01-29. Retrieved 2026-06-25.</ref> E apesitse bontlha bongwe jwa dikgaolo tsa Uganda di tshwana le kgaolo ya zombo.<ref>[https://mindtrip.ai/attraction/uganda/ora-river/at-MRPwgUuy "mindtrip".] ''Mindtrip''. Retrieved 2026-06-25.</ref> == Metswedi == 2cyb3fz2kk5z06n40ld0a6ji5cc8s2a 0 14068 51571 2026-06-25T11:48:06Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Nyagak #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51571 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Noka ya Nyagak''' ke noka e e kwa bophirima jwa [[noka ya Nile]], kwa bokone jwa [[Uganda]]. == Lefelo == Noka ya Nyagak e elela go ralala kgaolo ya zombo le Arua. Ke motswedi wa [[noka ya Ora]], e e kopanang le yone kwa botlhaba jwa toropo ya Okollo. == Motlakase wa metsi == Ditlhabololo tsa go fetlha motlakase di le dintsi di mo nokeng ya Nyagak.<ref>[https://uegcl.com/nyagak-iii-hydro-power-project/ "Nyagak III Hydro Power Project | UEGCL – Powering Uganda's Growth through Strategic Partnerships"]. Retrieved 2026-06-25.</ref> * [[Lefelo la Nyagak la go fetlha motlakase]] * [[Lefelo la Nyagak II la go fetlha motlakase]] * [[Lefelo la Nyagak III la go fetlha motlakase]] == Metswedi == n12936qeisiyf8i9ftvbxvl59vwfdye 0 14069 51572 2026-06-25T11:49:43Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Tekezé 51572 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Tekeze.jpg|thumb|Noka ya Tekeze]] '''Noka ya Tekezé'''<ref>Ritler, Alfons. 2010. "Täkkäze." In Encyclopaedia Aethiopica: O-X: Vol. 4, edited by Siegbert Uhlig, 823–825. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.</ref> (Amharic: ተከዜ; Tigrinya: ተከዘ, kwa tshimologong e ne e kaya "noka" ka Ge ⁇ ez; Arabic: تكازي, gape e kwalwa Takkaze; Italian: fiume Tacazzè),<ref>''Webster's New Geographical Dictionary'', Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster Inc., 1988, ISBN [[:en:Special:BookSources/0-87779-446-4|<bdi>0-87779-446-4</bdi>,]] p. 1,194.</ref>ke noka e kgolo kwa Ethiopia. Karolo ya tsela ya yone e dira karolo ya molelwane o o kwa bophirima jwa [[Ethiopia]] le Eritrea. Noka eno gape e bidiwa Setit (Arabic) ka gonne e kopana le noka ya Nile e e elelang ka fa tlase ga Noka ya Atbarah e e gaufi le molelwane wa Sudan. Go ya ka tshedimosetso e e gatisitsweng ke Ethiopian Central Statistical Agency, Noka ya Tekezé e boleele jwa dikilometara di le makgolo a marataro le borobabobedi. <ref>[http://www.csa.gov.et/images/documents/pdf_files/nationalstatisticsabstract/2012/2012%20Climate.pdf "Climate, 2012 National Statistics (Abstract)]"^{[''permanent dead link'']}, Table A.2. Central Statistical Agency website (accessed 25 October 2015)</ref>Kgogometso e e e tlhodileng ke e e boteng go gaisa mo Aforika le e nngwe ya tse di boteng go gaisa mo lefatsheng, mo mafelong mangwe e na le boteng jwa dimetara tse di fetang dikete tse pedi (6,562 feet).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070208070126/http://www.irn.org/pubs/wrr/issues/WRR.V21.N4.pdf Ethiopia's Water Dilemma"] (PDF). Archived from [http://www.irn.org/pubs/wrr/issues/WRR.V21.N4.pdf the original] (PDF) on 2007-02-08.</ref> == Tsela == Noka ya Tekezé e tlhoga kwa central Ethiopian Highlands gaufi le Thaba ya Qachen mo Lasta, go tswa foo e elelela kwa bophirima, bokone, go tswa foo e elelela gape kwa bophirima, e bopa molelwane wa bophirima wa Ethiopia le Eritrea go tswa kwa motsweding wa Tomsa le Tekezé kwa 14°11′N 37°31.7′E<ref>https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tekez%C3%A9_River&params=14_11_N_37_31.7_E_</ref> go fitlha kwa ntlheng ya boraro magareng ga dinaga tse pedi le Sudan kwa [https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Tekez%C3%A9_River&params=14_15_27_N_36_33_37_E_ 14°15′27′′N 36°33′37′′E.] Morago ga go tsena kwa bokone-botlhaba jwa Sudan kwa ntlheng ya boraro e kopana le Noka ya Atbarah, e e leng nngwe ya dinoka tse di tsenang mo nokeng ya Nile. Noka ya Tekezé e ka tswa e le yone e e kwa godimo ga Atbarah, e re ka noka eno ya pele e le yone e e fa godimo ga yone pele ga dinoka tseno tse pedi di kopana. Maina a dinoka tsa yone tse di kgolo mo Ethiopia go tswa mo motsweding wa yone ke: mo lobopong lwa moja Tahali, Meri, Tellare, Sullo, Arekwa, Gheoa, [[Wari,]] Firafira, Tocoro, le Gumalo; mo lobopong lwa molema Nili, Balagas, Saha, Bembea, Ataba, [[Zarima]], le Kwalema. == Ditso == Lekwalo la ntlha le le itsegeng le le umakang noka ya Tekezé ke la kgosi Ezana wa kwa Aksum, yo o neng a ikgantsha ka phenyo ya gagwe mo ntweng e e neng e lwelwa mo dintshing tsa yone tse di kwa tlase, gaufi le "kgogometso ya Kemalke". <ref>Translated with commentary in G.W.B. Huntingford, ''The Historical Geography of Ethiopia'' (London: British Academy, 1989), pp. 56–59.</ref>Noka ya Tekezé e ne e le kgokagano ya pele magareng ga Ethiopia le Egepeto; sekao, Kebra Nagast, e e amogetseng sebopego sa yone sa ga jaana ka ngwagakgolo wa bo13, e bolela gore kgosi Menelik I o ne a boela kwa Ethiopia ka go latela noka eno go tswa kwa Egepeto (ch. 53). Augustus B. Go ne ga direga eng? Wylde o ne a kwala ka ngwao e nngwe e e amanang le yone e e reng gaufi le motswedi wa noka ya Tekezé, kwa lefelong la kereke ya Eyela Kudus Michael, ke lefelo la mmatota la Boikhutso jwa Letlole la Kgolagano. <ref>Augustus B. Wylde, ''Modern Abyssinia'' (London: Methuen, 1901), p. 352</ref> Magareng ga kgwedi ya Tlhakole le Mopitlwe ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo le borataro, ka nako ya Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Italo-Abyssinian, diketekete tsa masole a Ethiopia a ne a bolawa fa Royal Air Force ya Italy (Regia Aeronautica) e ne e ba tlhasela ka dibomo le gase ya mosetara fa ba ne ba boela morago go kgabaganya Tekezé. Mo tlhaselong e e atlegileng ya Ethiopia, Ba-Italy ba ne ba patelesega go boela morago go tswa kwa Tekezé go ya kwa Axum morago ga ntwa kwa Dembeguina Pass. Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e rogwa ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe, borogo jo bo kgabaganyang noka ya Tekezé bo ne jwa senngwa ka nako ya Ntwa ya Tigray. Komiti ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Poloko e ne e tshwenyegile gore maiteko a thuso ya botho mo kgaolong eo a ne a tla "kgorelediwa thata go feta pele".<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/bridge-tekeze-river-ethiopias-tigray-destroyed-aid-group-2021-07-01/ "Bridge on Tekeze River in Ethiopia's Tigray destroyed - aid group".] ''Reuters''. 2021-07-01. Retrieved 2021-07-14.</ref> == Metswedi == qsq1tplpn1xsm7czu1lkrqv0m0g88f2 0 14070 51575 2026-06-25T11:56:56Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Noka ya Okot #AWC2026 #WATER FOR LIFE IN AFRICA 51575 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:Rivers and lakes of Uganda.png|thumb|Dinoka le matsha a a kwa Uganda]] '''Noka ya Okot''' ke noka e e kwa botlhaba jwa [[Uganda]] kwa botlhaba jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]].<ref>[https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/gaz/classes/http%253A%252F%252Fpurl.obolibrary.org%252Fobo%252FGAZ_00237412?lang=en "Ontology Lookup Service (OLS)".] ''www.ebi.ac.uk''. Retrieved 2026-06-25.</ref> E elelela kwa borwa le borwa-bophirima, gape ke motswedi mo kgampung e tona e goroga kwa [[Letsha la Kyoga|letsheng la Kyoga]]. == Metswedi == niymznft8n121244duzjhegmtwmaj2p 0 14071 51577 2026-06-25T11:58:56Z MmaBaggio 11091 #AWC 2026 #WATER FOR LIFE AFRICA KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Noka ya Daga 51577 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Setshwantsho:South Sudan topographic map.svg|thumb|Lefelo le molomo wa noka o leng kwa go lone kwa South Sudan]] '''Noka ya Daga''' (kgotsa Khor Daga) ke noka ya kwa [[South Sudan]]. E tlhoga kwa dithabeng tsa Mirab Welega Zone kwa [[Ethiopia]], kwa botlhaba jwa molelwane wa South Sudan-Ethiopia, koo e itsegeng jaaka Deqe Sonka Shet. <ref>[http://www.cde.unibe.ch/sudan/maps/south/statemaps/jonglei_highweb.JPG Topographical map of Jonglei] Archived 2011-09-29 at the [[:en:Wayback_Machine|Wayback Machine]]</ref>E elela kwa bophirima go feta toropo ya Daga Post mme e elela mo Machar Marshes.<ref>page 112</ref> == Metswedi == 12v2d0mjmd5rldvww4ubvdl8tu5et5l