Wikipedia tnwiki https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsebe_ya_konokono MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.11 first-letter Pego Faphegileng Puisano Modirisi Puisano ya modirisi Wikipedia Puisano ya Wikipedia Setshwantsho Puisano ya setshwantsho MediaWiki Puisano ya MediaWiki Tempolete Puisano ya tempolete Thuso Puisano ya thuso Karolo Puisano ya karolo TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2279 52674 31756 2026-07-17T13:29:51Z JudithShe 9421 Ke baakantse thanolo ya tsebe ya Selibe Phikwe #Wikipedia25BW 52674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|official_name=Selibe-Phikwe|settlement_type=City|image_caption=Selibe-Phikwe Town Center|pushpin_map=Botswana|coordinates={{coord|21|58|33|S|27|50|24|E|region:BW|display=inline,title}}|pushpin_mapsize=250|subdivision_type1=Country|subdivision_name1={{flag|Botswana}}|subdivision_name2=[[Central District (Botswana)|Central]]|elevation_m=878|population=42488}} '''Selebi-Phikwe''' (go kwala gape gotwe Selibe Phikwe) ke toropo ya moepo e e kwa kgaolong ya legare la lefatshe la [[Botswana|Botswana.]] E ne e na le palo ya batho ba le dikete tse di masome mane le bobedi, makgolo a mane le masome a robabobedi le metso e robabobedi ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bobedi. Toropo e ke kgaolo e nang le baemedi ba puso ba ba mo go yone e seng ba kgaolo ya legare.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110723192435/http://www.laws.gov.bw/ Laws of Botswana], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090718061659/http://www.mlg.gov.bw/ Ministry of Local Government]</ref> == Moepo == Go epiwa ga nickel go simolotse ka ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le boraro e le yone tiro ya konokono fa e sale jalo.<ref>Ekosse,G-I;De Jager,L;Van den Heever,DJ.2008-06-18.''[http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ajhs.v13i3.30835 "Headaches among residents within the Selebi Phikwe Nickel-Copper mining environment, Botswana"].''African Journal of Health Sciences.13(3).doi [https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ajhs/article/view/30835 10.4314/ajhs.v13i3.30835].ISSN [https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:1022-9272 1022-9272.]</ref> Lefelo la moepo le na le moepo le kwa go nyerolosiwang ditshipi teng. Go epiwa kwa boteng ga lefatshe. Pele go ne go na le mafelo a mabedi a mannye a bidiwa Selibe le Phikwe, a a neng a le fa godimo ga kopore le nikele mme go sa itsewe. Morago ga gore go upololwe ditswammung tsa lefelo le ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro, moepo le toropo di ne tsa agiwa mo gare ga lefelo le, mme ga kopanngwa maina a mabedi a go bitsa lefelo Selibe-Phikwe. [[Moepo wa BCL]] o go neng go epiwa go bo go nyerololwa kopore le nikele mo mekgatsheng ya one, e ne e le one o o neng o hira bontsi jwa batho. Lefuti le go ne go epiwa mo go lone gompieno ga le dirisiwe. BCL e ne e ikaeletse go tsewelela e breka go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le lesome le go fitlha ka wa dikete pedi lesome le boraro. Moepo o ne wa seka wa tlhola o dirisiwa ka Lwetse ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le borataro, se sa baka gore dikete tsa batho ba sale ba sena ditiro.<ref>2016-10-19.''[https://www.industriall-union.org/over-6000-jobs-to-go-at-state-owned-mines-in-botswana "6,000 jobs to go at state-owned mines in Botswana"]''.IndustriALL.Retrieved 2022-05-29.</ref> == Puso le mafaratlhatlha == The [[:en:Botswana_Prison_Service|Botswana Prison Service]] (BPS) operates the Selebi-Phikwe Prison.<ref>"[http://www.gov.bw/Global/Prisons%20and%20rehabilitation%5B1%5D.pdf Prisons and Rehabilitation]." ([https://web.archive.org/web/20131122211101/http://www.gov.bw/Global/Prisons%20and%20rehabilitation%5b1%5d.pdf Archive]) [[:en:Government_of_Botswana|Government of Botswana]]. Retrieved on 26 March 2013.</ref> Lekgotla la dikgolegelo la Botswana Prison Service ke lone le laolang kgolegelo ya Selibe-Phikwe. Madirelo a Phikwe Industrial Area a na le dikago tse madirelo le dikgwebo di a dirisang go rotloetsa moepo. Dikompone tsa kago di akaretsa Watson,GSP, SP Electricals, Britannia Backers, George Backers le Change and CO. Eastern Military [[:en:Garrison|Garrison]] ya ba [[sesole sa Botswana]] le yone e kwa toropong e.<ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200725065936/http://www.dailynews.gov.bw/mobile/news-details.php?nid=34373&flag=5 "Eastern Military Garrison celebrates soldiers"].''1 March 2017.dailynews.gov.bw.Retrieved 24 July 2020.</ref> == Kgotetso == Lefelo la kgothetso le le dirisang magala le ne la agiwa le moepo o gore go kgone gore go nne le motlakase o o lekaneng ditirelo tsa moepo le mafelo a a gautshwane. Go fitlha ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi di ya fifing, lefelo le e ne e le lone fela la motlakase mo Botswana. Le ne la tswalwa dingwaga tse di fitileng fa Morupule Power Station e ne e simolola go ntsha motlakase. Letlhoko la motlakase le ne le kgonwa ka go reka motlakase kwa lefatseng la [[Aforika Borwa]]. Gompieno ka lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le itemogela tlhaelo ya motlakase, lefatshe la Botswana le tshenngwa ke tlhaelo ya motlakase. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le lesome, kompone e e ikemetseng ka nosi ya ENERGY POINT (PTY) LTD, e rotloediwa ke mmeeletsi go tswa kwa lefatsheng la India, e ne ya simolola go dira UPS,[[:en:Power_inverter|Inverters]] le [[:en:Surge_protector|surge protectors]]. Mme mmeeletsi o ne a seka a kgona go tswelela ka tiro e ka go bo a ne a sa sala tsamaiso ya BEDI morago le go retelelwa ga puso go ntsha tse di tlhokafalang jaaka lefelo la madirelo le tse dingwe. Le fa go ntse jalo, kompone e ne ya nna le seabe se setona ya tlogela motlhala mo lefelong leo ka e file banni le dikgwebo motlakase o o sekeng o kgaoga. == Bontle le bojanala == Toropo e na le mafelo a marekisetso a le mmalwa jaaka la First Shopping, LESEDI mall o o nang le banka ya [[:en:Access_Bank_Botswana|ABC]] le Barclays Extension Counter le Phikwe Square. Go na le dihotele di le tlhano mo toropong (Hotel Stonehouse, Hotel Selibe, Cresta Bosele, Syringa Lodge le Travel Inn), le matlo a phiriso a le mmalwa. Phokoje Bush Lodge e dikilomitara di ka nna supa go tswa mo toropong. Toropo e e na le lefelo la maemelo difofane le le potlana le le berekang fela motshegare mme le sena fa go tshelwang leokwane teng. E na le sekolo sa tiro ya diatla. Go baakanyediwa gore go nne le sekolo sa botaki. Toropo e e mo tseleng ya bojanala go tswa Aforika Borwa go ya mafelong a tlwaelesegileng ka go etelwa a [[:en:Okavango_Delta|Okavango]] le [[Chobe National Park|Chobe]]. Go na le bokgoni jwa go lebelela dinonyane le go tshwara ditlhapa kwa letamong la [[:en:Letsibogo_Dam|Letsibogo]], mme ka go tlhoka lesego ga go motlhofo go goroga kwa letamong le ka tsela ga e a siama gape go tlhoka gore batho ba nne mo lotshitshing lwa yone. Tekeletso ya palo ya ditlhapi tsa tigerfish e ne ya dirwa ka ngwaga wa diete pedi le borobabongwe mme ya supa fa lefelo le le di siametse. Palo ya tsone go bonwa e lekane gore di ka atisiwa. Metsi le diphologolo tse di kwa Letsibogo ga go supe di amilwe ka tsela epe ke go kgotlelwa ga BCL. Selibe-Phikwe o na le dikolo tsa puso go ralala toropo le sekolo se segolwane. Tse di ikemetseng ke sa Kopano Primary, Morula Primary le Mount Pleasant Primary. Toropo ya Selibe-Phikwe e tshwara kgaisano e tona mo Botswana ya mabelo a matelele e e bidiwang Phikwe Marathon; e simolodisitswe ke Boet Kahts le Phil Roberts ba ba sa tlholeng ba le mo botshelong. Roberts e ne e le morutabana kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Selibe-Phikwe Senior Secondary ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le botlhanoe le tsela ya go direla setshaba. Kgaisano e e supiwa e le nngwe ya tse di gaisang mo lefatsheng ka kakaretso go ya ka ba International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). Pego ya ba SPEDU (Selibe-Phikwe Economic Development) e supa fa go na le bokgoni jwa go atolosa kgaisano le go dirisa dikitso tse di tswang mo go baakanyetseng kgaisano e mo ditirong tse dingwe jaaka mabelo a dibaesekele, a dikuta, le a go tshwara ditlhapi kwa Letsibogo. Fa tse di ka diriwa, lefelo le la letsibogo le na le bokgoni go diriswa mo go kgatlheng leitlho ka go leba dinonyane le go pagama dikepe. == Batlotlegi == * [[:en:Shepard_Mosekgwa|Shephard Mosekgwa]] (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a supa, le motso), motshameki wa pele wa kgwele ya dinao mo Botswana * [[Dumelang Saleshando]] (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le motso), mopalamente le moeteledipele wa kganetso == Metswedi == [[Category:Botswana]] m8mpo7cshfwjqv36b7bct70ann8jl39 0 2280 52689 47429 2026-07-18T07:53:41Z Atsile Edith 11759 Ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52689 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[:en:San_peoples|Basarwa]]''' [[:en:San_peoples|- Wikipedia]] {{Infobox Ethnic group|group=basarwa|image=[[File:Namibian Bushmen Girls.JPG|frameless|upright=1.5]]|image_caption=[[ǃKung people|ǃKung]] children in [[Namibia]]|related_groups=[[Khoekhoe]], [[Griqua people|Griqua]], [[Basters]], [[Coloureds]]|religions=[[San religion]], [[Christianity in Africa|Christianity]]|languages='''Native'''<br/>Languages of the [[Khoe languages|Khoe]], [[Kxʼa languages|Kxʼa]], and [[Tuu languages|Tuu]] families <br/>'''Also'''<br/>[[Tswana language|Tswana]]{{•}} [[Kgalagadi language|Kgalagadi]]{{•}} [[Afrikaans]]{{•}} [[English language|English]]{{•}}[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]|pop50=1,200|region50={{flag|Zimbabwe}}|pop40=ca. 16,000|region40={{flag|Angola}}|pop30=ca. 7,000|region30={{flag|South Africa}}|pop20=63,500|region20={{flag|Botswana}}|pop11=71,201 (2023 census)<ref name="Census2023"/>|region11={{flag|Namibia}}|population=ca. 160,000}} Batho ba letso la masarwa, kgotsa Batho ba ko sekgweng, ke maloko a ditso dipe tsa tlholego tsa batsomi-baphuthi ba Aforika e e kwa borwa, le ditso tsa bogologolo tse di setseng tsa kgaolo.[1][a] Ditlhaloso dingwe tsa tshekatsheko ya dijini di akantsha gore ba ne ba farologana le batho ba bangwe go tloga ka dingwaga di le 100 go ya go 220,000 tse di fetileng.<ref /> Dikgaolo tsa bone tsa bosheng tsa bagologolwane di akaretsa [[Botswana]], [[Namibia]], [[Angola]], [[:en:Zambia|Zambia]], [[Zimbabwe]], [[Lesotho]],[3] le [[Aforika Borwa]]. Ba-Sarwa ba bua, kgotsa bagologolwane ba bone ba ne ba bua, dipuo tsa malapa a dipuo tsa [[:en:Khoe_languages|Khoe]], [[:en:Tuu_languages|Tuu]], le [[:en:Kxʼa_languages|Kxʼa]], mme di ka tlhalosiwa jaaka batho fela ka go farologana le badisa ba ba bapileng jaaka Ba-[[:en:Khoekhoe|Khoekhoe]] le ditlogolwana tsa makhubu a bosheng a bofaladi jaaka [[:en:Bantu_peoples|Ba-Bantu]], [[:en:Europeans|Bayuropa]], le [[:en:Indian_subcontinent|Ba-Asia Borwa.]][[File:San tribesman.jpg|300px|right]] '''Basarwa''' ke batho ba [[Botswana]]. Basarwa ke bone batho ba ntlha go nna mo Botswana. Batswana ba ne be goroga mo Botswana dingwaga tse di ntsi tse di fetileng. Ba ne ba tseela Basarwa lefatshe, ba bo ba dira gore Basarwa ba tshabele ko sekakeng. Ke ka moo gompieno Basarwa ba nnang ko sekakeng le ko merakeng. ===Ditso tsa pele=== [[Image:San-Paintings Murewa ZW.jpg|thumb|300px|1000- to 2000-year-old San-paintings near [[Murewa]] [[Zimbabwe]] ]] Tshekatsheko ya ditso e supa fa bangwe ba letso la basarwa ba sale ba nnile mo sekakeng sa kgaolo ya kgalagadi.Mme bontsi ja letso la Basarwa mo kgaolong ya borwa jwa [[Aferika]] ba ne ba patelediwa go nna mo kgaolong eo. Basarwa ba kalahari ba nnile mo lehumeng fa bahumi ba ba nnang go bapa le bone ba ba rontshitse ditshwanelo tsa go nna le lehatshe.Morago ga nako ee sa fedising pelo Botswana ga mmogo le [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia Namibia], ba ne ba fithela bonno jwa bone bo fokoditswe mo go fiteletseng.<ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20110618001626/http://www.theartofafrica.co.za/serv/moderntimes.jsp The modern day Bushmen / San]. Art of Africa. Retrieved on 2012-01-29.</ref> ===Basarwa ba Kalahari=== Basarwa ke batho ba thata e itsiweng ele batsomi. Go nneng ga matlong a a sa akaegeng, Basarwa ba tshedile ka go tsoma diphologolo le go bapala diphologolo tsa naga.Bontsi jwa batho mo borwa jwa Afreka ba ne ba itsesiwe ngwao ya Basarwa ga mmogo le teme ya bone go dirisa setshwantsho sa motshikenyego.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://goafrica.about.com/library/bl.san.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2012-03-30 |archive-date=2012-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428203334/http://goafrica.about.com/library/bl.san.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Kgotla kgolo ya ditsheko== [[Setshwantsho:Bushmen hunters (cropped).png|thumb|Basarwa ba tsoma]] Ka kgwedi ya ferikgong a thola masome a mabedi le bosupa ngogola ,Basarwa ba ne ba fenya tsheko kgathanong le puso mo Botswana ko kgotla kgolo ya ditshekelo morago ga go kganelwa go amana le metsi a a nowang mo di dibeng tse di kwa ba nnang teng.Barrister Gordon Bennett e ne e le moemedi wa basarwa ko tshekong jaaka fa baathodi ba supa fa puso ya Botswana e le molato go fa thuso ee sa nametseng.Gangwe le gape, puso ya Botswana e ne bolelelwa gore e duele dituelo tsa go tsenelela tsheko ga Basarwa. ==Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle== {{Reflist}} [[Karolo:Botswana]] khp6vrbq3aa3ggh39euyippmqfvlfbh 0 4454 52679 47625 2026-07-17T14:30:20Z ~2026-40367-05 12975 52679 wikitext text/x-wiki  [[Setshwantsho:Gutenberg_Bible,_Lenox_Copy,_New_York_Public_Library,_2009._Pic_01.jpg|alt=|thumb|Baebele ya Gutenberg, e e gatisitsweng mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bo15 la dingwaga, ke nngwe ya dibuka tsa ntlha go gatisiwa go dirisiwa motšhine o o gatisang.]] '''Buka''' e kwadilwe jaaka tiro ka boleele jo bo bonalang e tlhamilwe ke mokwadi a le mongwe kgotsa go feta . Di anamiswa ka mefuta e e farologaneng jaaka dibuka tse di gatisiwang, dibuka tsa modumo, le dibuka tsa khomputara ( dibuka tsa khomputara ) . Dibuka di kgethegile ka mogolo ke dibuka tse kgethegileng Mo pegong, tse di nang le kanelo e e itlhametsweng kgotsa diteng tse dingwe tsa kakanyo ; le tse e seng tsa tlhamane, tse di nang le diteng tse di ikaeletseng go nna nnete ya mmatota jwa boammaaruri. 3qm0f9siacvjn52tj22dxdiuwjxa23i 0 10767 52671 41654 2026-07-17T13:17:29Z JudithShe 9421 Ke baakantse le go tsenya metswedi mo thanolong ya tsebe ya Tlhaselo mo Gaborone #Wikipedia25BW 52671 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tlhaselo ya Gaborone''' (e sesole sa [[Aforika Borwa]] sa nako eo se neng se e bitsa "Operation Plecksy") e diragaetse ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le lesome le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a robabobedi le botlhano fa mephato ya [[sesole sa Aforika Borwa]] ka taolo ya ga General Constand Vilijoen, e neng ya kgabolela mo [[Botswana]] e tlola molao wa mafatshefatshe e bo e tlhasela batho ba ba tswang Aforika Borwa ba tshabetse mo [[Gaborone]]. Tlhaselo, e le ya botlhano ka lefatshe la Aforika Borwa mo lefatsheng le le mabapi fa e sale ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le motso, e bolaile batho ba le lesome le bobedi ba akaretsa basadi le bana; batswasetlhabelo ba le batlhano fela e ne e le maloko a phathi ya sepolotiki ya [[African National Congress]] (ANC), e ka nako eo e neng e le yone phathi e tona ya kganetso kgatlhanong le phathi ya batho basweu e e neng e busa ka nako eo. == Tse di diragetseng pele == Ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi, botsalano gareng ga mafatshe a Botswana le Aforika Borwa bo ne bo sa iketla. Makgotla a a kgatlhanong le tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala a tshwana le African National Congress a ne a dirisa Botswana le mafatshe a mangwe mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]] e le botshabelo. le ntswa Botswana a ne a na le molao wa go sa tseye lotlhakore,<ref>Europa Publications (9 December 2003). Psychology Press (ed.). ''Africa South of the Sahara 2004''. Europa Regional Surveys of the World 2004 Series (33 ed.). Psychology Press. p. 1360. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9781857431834|<bdi>9781857431834</bdi>.]]</ref> sesole sa Aforika Borwa se e neng e le sesole sa puso ya tlhaolele se ne sa dira ditlhaselo di le mmalwa go tlola molelwane go tlhasela balweladitshwanelo ba ba kgatlhanong le tlhaolele le batshabi ba Aforika Borwa. Setlhopha sa baitseanape sa Aforika Borwa, lephata la dikgang tsa mafatshe a sele, lephata la tshireletso le sepodisi, botlhe ba ne ba eme nokeng tlhaselo e.<ref name=":0">Dale, Richard (1995). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=8bg8jQxkSTcC&redir_esc=y Botswana's Search for Autonomy in Southern Africa]''. Greenwood Publishing Group. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9780313295713|<bdi>9780313295713</bdi>.]]</ref> Masole a Aforika Borwa a ne a itebagantse le mafelo a a latelang mo Gaborone:<ref>Joint Publications Research Service (22 August 1985). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240509173738/https://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a338186.pdf "Sub-Saharan Africa Report"] (PDF). Arlington, Virginia, USA. p. 178. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20240509173738/https://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a338186.pdf the original] on 9 May 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2025.</ref> * Plot C, kwa [[Tlokweng]] * Plot A, kwa Tlokweng * 7819 kwa Broadhurst * 13212 kwa Broadhurst * 2914 kwa Pudulogo Close * Kago ya Cycle Mart * 15717 kwa Broadhurst == Tlhaselo == Ka nako e e neng e ka nna ya bongwe e fetilwe ke metsotso e le masome a mane mo mosong wa Seetebosigo a le lesome le bone, masole a Aforika Borwa a ka nna masome a matlhano a ne a tsena mo Botswana gaufi le molelwane wa [[Tlokweng]], go se kgakala le [[Bophuthatswana|Bophuthatswana.]]<ref name=":0" /> Dipego tse di sa tlhomamisiwang tsa babegadikgang di supile fa mophatho o o ne o tswa kwa Zeerust.<ref name=":1">[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=8bg8jQxkSTcC&redir_esc=y Dale 1995], p. 56</ref>Go ya ka Manuel Olifant, lepodisi la pele le le neng le tsaya karolo mo tlhaselong, SADF ba ne ba baakanya ditanka di le masome a matlhano, difofane, le difofane tsa ntwa kwa Zeerust go di dirisa fa lefatshe la Botswana le ka ipusolosetsa, mme di ne tsa seka tsa dirisiwa. Go etelela pele tlhaselo, masole a SADF a ne a thapa masole a Selous Scouts pele, e e leng mophatho o o faphegileng wa mephato ya itshereletso ya Rhodesia.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160407132137/http://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/amnesty-seeker-tells-of-sadf-raid-on-gaborone-53483 "Amnesty seeker tells of SADF raid on Gaborone"]. ''Independent Online''. South African Press Association. 20 November 2000. Archived from [https://iol.co.za/news/politics/amnesty-seeker-tells-of-sadf-raid-on-gaborone-1.53483#.UBL5PrSe7TC the original] on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2025.</ref> Ma Aforika Borwa ba ne ba kgweetsa selekanyo sa di mile di robabongwe go fitlha kwa ba ba neng ba ba batla kwa Gaborone ba palame dikoloi di robabongwe di beilwe matshwao a dikoloi a puso ya Botswana a a itiretsweng. Go fema go ipusolosetsa ga sesole sa Botswana sa BDF, mophatho o o neng o tlhasetse o ne wa kgaola mesokelatsebeng e e yang kwa mannong a masole ba bo ba anamisa dipekere tsa tshipi mo ditseleng go phufisa dithaere tsa dikoloi tse di tlang.<ref name=":1" /> Sesole sa puso ya Aforika Borwa ya tlhaolele se ne sa thubaka malwapa a le mane, sa senya gape a le mane, sa tsaya ditokomane, ditlhobolo le komputara. Ba ne ba seka ba buisana le ba sesole sa Botswana sa BDF; ba ne ba tlhomamisetsa ba tshireletso ba Botswana ba ba kopaneng le bone gore ba seka ba itshunya nko. Fa ba sena go fetsa maikaelelo a bone, ba Aforika Borwa ba ne ba kopana gape ba boela kwa Aforika Borwa, ba tila ditsela tse BDF e neng e eme kwa go tsone ba bo ba tswala tsela kwa molelwaneng. Babusi ba Aforika Borwa ba ne ba supa fa koloi e na le dirukutlhi tsa ANC e ne ya ba sala morago ba ba thuntsha, se sa baka gore ba senye koloi.<ref name=":2">Parks, Michael (15 June 1985). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-06-15-mn-12331-story.html "U.S. Recalls Ambassador to Protest S. African Raids : 16 Killed in Attack on Guerrillas in Botswana".] ''Los Angeles Times''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210616012745/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-06-15-mn-12331-story.html Archived] from the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2025.</ref> === Ba ba bolailweng === Batlhasedi ba bolaile batho ba le lesome le bobedi ba gobatsa ba le barataro. Lesole la Aforika Borwa le le lengwe le ne la itemogela dikgobalo tse dipotlana.<ref name=":1" /> Basupi bare beng gae ba e seng masole ba ne ba bolawa le ntswa dipego tsa SADF di supa go sa nna jalo. Muff Andersson, leloko la pele la Mk, are mo boemong jwa go tlhasela ba sesole ba ba lebaneng, SADF e ne ya tlhopha ba ba utlwelang botlhoko ANC go ba ruta sengwe.<ref name=":3">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083556/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Amnesty-for-Gaborone-raiders-opposed-20001121 "Amnesty for Gaborone raiders opposed"]. ''News24''. South African Press Association. 21 November 2000. Archived from [https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Amnesty-for-Gaborone-raiders-opposed-20001121 the original] on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2025.</ref> O ne a supa gore SADF e ne e sa kgathale ka gore go bolailwe bomang.<ref name=":3" /> Batswasetlhabelo ke ba ba latelang: * George Phahle * Lindi Phahle * Joseph Malaza * Basi Zondi * Duke Machobane * Mosimanyana wa Mosotho o leina la gagwe le sa itseweng * Amhed Mohammed Geer, moago wa lotso lwa Dutch o o tsholetsweng kwa [[Somalia]] * Basadi ba Batswana ba le babedi * Mike Hamlyn, moithuti wa Aforika Borwa o a neng a nna mo Botswana * [[Thamsanga Mnyele]], motaki wa kwa Aforika Borwa<ref>[https://www.webcitation.org/69Tie9fzG?url=http://www.freedompark.co.za/cms/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=63&Itemid=3 "Botswana remembers the raid on Gaborone".] Freedom Park. 5 June 2003. p. 2. Archived from [http://www.freedompark.co.za/cms/?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=63&Itemid=3 the original] on 27 July 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2025</ref> * Dick Mtsweni, monna wa dingwaga tse di masome a supa le motso a thapilwe ke ANC e le mokgweetsi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20131210101637/http://ndr.org.za/cultures/stories/37 "Dick Mtsweni and the Gaborone Raid"]. 28 May 2008. Archived from [http://ndr.org.za/cultures/stories/37 the original] on 10 December 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2025</ref> == Ditlamorago == Tlhaselo e ne ya ipelelwa ke babegadikgang ba Aforika Borwa.<ref>Carlin, John (2008). ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=EH5_cHjJvH8C&redir_esc=y Playing the Enemy: Nelson Mandela and the Game that Made a Nation]'' (reprint ed.). Penguin. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9781594201745|<bdi>9781594201745</bdi>.]]</ref> General Constand Viljoen o ne a tshwara phuthego ya babegadikgang e mo go yone a neng a supa fa tlhaselo e ne e ikaelela go senya boremelelo jwa kwa African National Congress e direlang teng kgatlhanong le Aforika Borwa kwa Botswana, e babusi ba Aforika Borwa ba neng ba dumela gore go tlaa bolodiwa letsholo la ditlhaselo mabapi le bokopano jwa ANC kwa Lusaka, [[Zambia]] bo bo neng bo rulaganyeditswe kgwedi eo. O ne a tlhalosa gore tshwetso ya bofelo ya go dira tlhaselo e dirilwe morago ga gore maloko a mabedi a palamente a bolawe mo tlhaselong ya garanata beke eo. Viljoen o ne a supa gore masole a ne a dirisa digoagoe go gwetlha banni ba Gaborone go iphitlha mo matlong a bone fa tlhaselo e diragala le gore ba ne ba dirisana sentle le babusi ba Botswana, ba ba neng ba ba kopile go sa tsenelele kgang e.<ref name=":2" /> Tona wa tsa mafatshe a sele wa Aforika Borwa ebile e le o o tshwareletseng tona wa tshireletso Pik Botha o ne a ntsha mokwalo o o reng "le ntswa Aforika Borwa a ikaeletse go baakanya diphapaano tsa gagwe le ba ba mabapi ka kagiso, ga a ka ke a okaoka go tsaya kgato epe fela e e tshwanetseng go sireletsa batho ba gagwe le go emisa borukutlhi jo bo ikaelelang go bolaya le go senyaka lefatshe le kgaolo.<ref name=":2" /> ANC e ne ya supa fa batho ba le batlhano fela ba ba bolailweng mo tlhaselong e le bone ba ba neng ba amana le lekgotla.<ref>[https://sabctrc.saha.org.za/glossary/gaborone_raid.htm?tab=report "Gaborone raid".] ''Truth Commission Special Report''. [[:en:SABC|South African Broadcasting Corporation]]. Retrieved 14 July 2025.</ref> Mo Aforika Borwa, tlhaselo e ne ya kgalwa ke Bishop [[Desmond Tutu]], le khansele ya dikereke, le maloko a phathi ya Progressive Federal. Lefatshe la [[USA|United States]] le ne la busa moemedi wa lone kwa Aforika Borwa go tshwara dipuisano.<ref name=":2" /> Moemedi wa [[United Kingdom]] kwa [[United Nations General Assembly|United Nations]] o ne a re "lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le ne le sena mabaka ape a go tsuolola ditshwanelo le go bolaya le go gobatsa batho ba ba senang molato."<ref>United Nations Department of Political Affairs (2000). ''Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council: Supplement 1985-1988''. United Nations Publications. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]] [[:en:Special:BookSources/9789211370294|<bdi>9789211370294</bdi>.]]</ref> Ramasole wa Botswana [[Mompati Merafhe]], o ne a bitsa phuthego ya babegadikgang morago ga tlhaselo go bua ka magatwe a gore puso ya Botswana e ne e boleletswe ka tlhaselo pele ga nako mme ya seka ya tsaya kgato epe.<ref name=":1" /> O ne a gana magatwe a a bo a supa fa BDF e ne e tsibogetse tlhaselo ka go tswala ditsela gareng ga Gaborone le molelwane ka maiteko a go fema go sia ga ma Aforika Borwa. O ne a supa gape gore BDF e ne e sena babereki ba ba lekaneng go sireletsa mo melelwaneng ya Botswana le Aforika Borwa le gore sesole se tla lebelela methale ya sone ya go berekisana le ditlhaselo. Le ntswa e reteletswe ke go emisa tlhaselo, BDF e ne ya seka ya kgalelwa ditiro tsa yone ke babusi ba Botswana, ba ba neng ba lebaganya tšhakgalo ya bone le Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":0" /> Ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa 1985, moemedi wa Botswana kwa United Nations o ne a romela lokwalo kwa go tautona wa khansele ya tshireletso ya United Nations a kopa thuso go berekisana le tlhaselo. Moemedi o o tswang kwa Aforika Borwa o ne a romela lokwalo letsatsi lone leo a supa fa lefatshe la Botswana le ne le tlhagisitswe ka ditlhopha tse di tshwanang le ANC, a supa fa "lefatshe le na le tshwanelo ya go tsaya kgato e e maleba go sireletsa lefatshe le tlotlo kgatlhanong le ditlhaselo tsa mofuta oo."<ref>United Nations Department of Political Affairs (2000). ''Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council: Supplement 1985-1988''. United Nations Publications. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/9789211370294|<bdi>9789211370294</bdi>.]]</ref> Tona wa mafatshe a sele wa Botswana o ne a re bosupi jwa gore ditiro tsa botsoulodi di simologile mo Botswana bo ne bo itlhametswe. Aforika Borwa e ne ya tsiboga ka gore ka Botswana a ne a sa baya monwana tumalano ya Nkomati ya thokgamo, ANC e ne ya kgona go dirisa Botswana e le boremelelo jwa ditlhaselo tsa yone.<ref>[[:en:Special:BookSources/9789211370294|United Nations 2000]], p.&nbsp;270.</ref> Khansele ya tshireletso e ne ya fetisa molao wa bo makgolo a matlhano, masome a marataro le borobabobedi, e kgala tlhaselo ebile e kopa gore lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le phimole la Botswana dikeledi. United Nations e ne ya ntsha setlhopha go ya Botswana go balelela ditshenyegelo tse di bakilweng ke tlhaselo, mme Aforika Borwa e ne ya seka ya ntsha tuelo epe. Botsalano gareng ga mafatshe oo mabedi bo ne jwa wela tlase morago ga gore Aforika Borwa e dire tlhaselo go kgabaganya molelwane ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa 1986.<ref name=":0" /> == Boswa == Puso ya Botswana e ne ya aga gape lengwe la malwapa a a sentsweng ka tlhaselo go nna segopotso sa ba ba bolailweng.<ref name=":0" /> Segopotso sa Freedom park, se ne sa agiwa kwa [[Pretoria (Pitori)|Pretoria]] go tlotla batswasetlhabelo ba dipogisego tsa tlhaolele, di akaretsa tlhaselo kwa Gaborone.<ref>[https://www.webcitation.org/69Tie9fzG?url=http://www.freedompark.co.za/cms/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=63&Itemid=3 "Botswana remembers the raid on Gaborone".] Freedom Park. 5 June 2003. p.&nbsp;2. Archived from [http://www.freedompark.co.za/cms/?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&gid=63&Itemid=3 the original] on 27 July 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2026</ref> Maloko a le mmalwa wa maphata a tshireletso kwa Aforika Borwa a ne a kopa maitshwarelo kwa komisioning ya boammaruri le kagisano, Masika le ba ba neng ba itse batswasetlhabelo ba ne ba nna kgatlhanong le kopo maitshwarelo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304083556/http://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Amnesty-for-Gaborone-raiders-opposed-20001121 "Amnesty for Gaborone raiders opposed".] ''News24''. South African Press Association. 21 November 2000. Archived from [https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/Politics/Amnesty-for-Gaborone-raiders-opposed-20001121 the origina]l on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2026</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Ditso tsa Gaborone]] * [[Tharabololo ya makgolo a matlhano, masome a marataro le borobabobedi ya khansele ya tshireletso ya lekgotla la United Nations]] == Metswedi == cehxb65p8icxbdldkl8aryfilxb54y3 0 11095 52676 42587 2026-07-17T13:37:16Z JudithShe 9421 Ke baakantse dinomoro mo tsebeng e#Wikipedia25BW 52676 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Shepard Mosekgwa''' (o tshotswe ka Motsheganong a le masome mabedi le bobedi ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borataro ) ke [[:en:Association_football|motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao]] wa [[:en:Botswana|Motswana]] o o ithotseng tiro. {{Infobox football biography|name=Shepard Mosekgwa|full_name=Shepard Mosekgwa|birth_date={{birth date and age|1976|5|22|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Selebi-Phikwe]], [[Botswana]]|position=Defender|clubs1=[[Botswana Defence Force XI|Defence Force]]|years1=2000-2007|clubs2=[[Botswana Meat Commission FC|Botswana Meat Commission]]|years2=2007-|nationalteam1=[[Botswana national football team|Botswana]]|nationalyears1=2002–2003|nationalcaps2=3}} O tsholetswe kwa [[Selebi-Phikwe]], Mosekgwa o ne a tshameka ele mosireletsi wa setlhopha sa [[:en:Botswana_Defence_Force_XI|BDF XI,]] [[Tafic FC|TAFIC]], [[:en:Orapa_United_F.C.|Orapa Wanderers]], [[:en:Nico_United|Nico United]] le [[:en:Jwaneng_Galaxy_F.C.|Jwaneng Comets]].<ref>[https://thevoicebw.com/catching-them-young/ "Catching them young".] [[The Voice (Botswana)|The Voice]]. 14 June 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2018</ref> O tshameketse [[:en:Botswana_national_football_team|setlhopha sa bosetšhaba sa kgwele ya dinao sa Botswana]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi le bobedi go tsena dikete pedi le boraro, go akaretsa le go tlhagelela jaaka moemedi mo phenyong ya ntlha ya Botswana ya [[:en:2003_COSAFA_Cup|Sejana sa COSAFA]] [[:en:2003_COSAFA_Cup|2003]] sa 1-0 kgatlhanong le Namibia.<ref>Saaid, Hamdan (8 October 2003). [https://www.rsssf.org/tablesc/cosafa03-det.html "COSAFA Cup 2003 Details".] ''[[:en:RSSSF|RSSSF]]''. Retrieved 4 June 2018.</ref> == Tse di kwa ntle == * [https://www.national-football-teams.com/player/948.html Shepard Mosekgwa] kwa National-Football-Teams.com == Metswedi == qf1okczgho5vbzy51ne0q09frdpi5vv 0 11818 52691 44634 2026-07-18T08:28:04Z MmaBaggio 11091 52691 wikitext text/x-wiki Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso di ne tsa tshwarwa kwa [[Botswana]] ka kgwedi ya Phalane a le masome mabedi ,ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le borobabongwe. Maduo a e nnile phenyo ya bone ka go latelana ya [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP), e e neng ya fenya manno a le masome mabedi le boferabongwe mo go a le masome mararo le bobedi a a neng a tlhophilwe,<ref>[[:en:Dieter_Nohlen|Dieter Nohlen]], Michael Krennerich & Bernhard Thibaut (1999) ''Elections in Africa: A data handbook'', p113 ISBN 0-19-829645-2.</ref> go akaretsa le a le mabedi a mo go one ba neng ba sena kganetso.<ref name=":0">[http://www.eisa.org.za/wep/bot1979election.htm Botswana: The October 1979 General Election] EISA</ref> Go ya ka [[ditlhopho tsa setshaba tsa 2019]], ke ditlhopho tsa bofelo tse mo go tsone BDP e amogetseng ditlhopho tsa setshaba di feta 70%. == Letsholo == Palogotlhe ya bontlhopheng ba le masome a marataro le boferabongwe ba ne ba tsenelela ditlhopho tseo. BDP e ne e le yone fela phathi e e neng ya tsamaisa bontlhopheng ba ba tletseng ba le masome a mararo le bobedi, mme [[Botswana National Front]] e ne ya tlhagisa bontlhopheng ba le lesome le borataro, [[Botswana People’s Party]] e le lesome le bone le [[Botswana Independence Party]] e le ba le batlhano. Gape go ne go na le batho ba babedi ba ba ikemetseng.<ref name=":0" /> BDP e ne ya dira letsholo la go nna kgatlhanong le [[Tlhaolele mo Aforika Borwa|tlhaolele]] mo [[Aforika Borwa]] le go ikuela gore go nne le dikiletso tsa ikonomi kgatlhanong le [[Zimbabwe-Rhodesia]].<ref>[http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/BOTSWANA_1979_E.PDF Botswana] Inter-Parliamentary Union</ref> Pele ga ditlhopho, lenaane la batlhophi le ne la tlhabololwa gotlhelele. Poeletso e ne e patilwe ke letsholo le le matlhagatlhaga la seromamowa le la bobegadikgang ke puso go rotloetsa ikwadiso. Le fa palo ya batlhophi ba ba kwadisitsweng e ne ya oketsega ka dikete tse thataro le makgolo a marataro le masome a mararo le botlhano fela fa e bapisiwa le [[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 1974 (Botswana)|ditlhopho tsa 1974]], seo se ne sa tsewa se bakilwe ke lenaane la batlhophi la ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bone le le neng le na le dipoeletso tse dintsi. == Maduo == == Metswedi == 8byev7ucehhe7lux8c4u0wem67k6wyi 0 14335 52672 52182 2026-07-17T13:21:42Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the section "Early life" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349120411|Sadi Dikgaka]]" 52672 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boipelo Sadi Dikgaka''', ke moanelwa mo setshwantsong sa motshikinyego wa Motswana, mogasi wa metswedi ya dikgang, le rakgwebo. O itsege thata ka go nna motshwaredi wa [[Flava Dome]], lenaneo la mmino le boitloso bodutu le le neng le gasiwa mo Botswana Television (BTV), le a neng a le tlhagisa mmogo le Loungo "King Bee" Pitse.<ref name=":0">[https://thevoicebw.com/scare-flava-domes-sadie-may-never-return/ "Scare as Flava Dome's Sadie may never return".] The Voice Botswana. 22 January 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> Leina la gagwe la Sadi le tswa mo lefokong la Setswana mosadi, le le rayang mosadi.<ref name=":1">[https://www.botswanayouth.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-sadie-dikgaka/ "10 Things You Didn't Know About Sadie Dikgaka"]. Botswana Youth Magazine. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Dikgaka o tswa kwa Molepolole mme o goletse kwa Palapye. O itlhalosa a le motlotlo ka ngwao ya gagwe ya Setswana, a tlhalosa tiragalo ya setso sa Dithubaruba jaaka nngwe ya ditiragalo tse a di ratang thata. E ne e le ngwana yo o ditlhong yo o neng a rata go tshameka ka nako ya fa a ne a le kwa sekolong sa poraemari. Lelapa la gagwe le ne le na le mmino o o nonofileng: mmemogolo wa gagwe o ne a opela mo khwaereng ya kereke mme bokgaitsadie ba ne ba nna le seabe mo dikwaereng tsa sekolo sa Sontaga.<ref name=":1" /> O ne a bona seabe sa gagwe sa go nna moanelwa mogolo mo Flava Dome morago ga go araba papatso ya go thapiwa e e neng ya gasiwa ka nako ya lenaneo ka bolone, mme a kgatlhisa setlhopha sa batlhophi.<ref name=":1" /> == Tiro ya botshelo jotlhe == === Setshwantsong sa motshikinyego === Dikgaka e ne ya nna mongwe wa difatlhego tse di itsegeng thata mo Botswana boitlosobodutung ka seabe sa gagwe mo Flava Dome, lenaneo la mmino la BTV. Lenaneo le le gasiwa ka nako e e kwa godimo mme le na le dipontsho tsa bataki ba selegae le ba kgaolo. Modulasetulo wa gagwe Loungo Pitse o tlhalositswe mo kgatisong ya dikgang jaaka molekane wa gagwe wa ka metlha mo sekirining.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">Bakang Segokgo (27 January 2022). [https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/65133 "SA Influencer to grace Gabs Power Circle event".] Daily News (Botswana). Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> === Go tshameka ka tlhamalalo === Ka kgwedi ya Moranang wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019) Dikgaka o ne a tshameka A Night With Sadi kwa Moletlong wa Maitisong kwa Gaborone, e leng tiragatso ya gagwe a le esi e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke Tefo Paya e mo go yone a neng a supa bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa go opela le go kwala maboko fa pele ga bareetsi ba ba neng ba le teng. Mmegi o tlhalositse lenaneo le jaaka Dikgaka a itshupa e le seopedi se se fetang thelebišene, a kile a bo a tshameka mo seraleng le moopedi wa dipina tsa di-Kalanga, Lizibo. <ref>Mompati Tlhankane (29 April 2019). [https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/tv-celeb-dikgaka-flashes-hidden-gifts/news "TV Celeb Dikgaka Flashes Hidden Gifts".] Mmegi Online. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> === Kgwebo le metswedi ya dikgang === Go tlaleletsa mo tirong ya gagwe ya thelebišene, Dikgaka o itiretse leina jaaka motho yo o nang le tlhotlheletso mo metsweding ya tshedimosetso ya loago le go nna rakgwebo. O ne a le mo gare ga setlhopha sa basadi ba Botswana ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso ba ba neng ba tlhagisiwa kwa tiragalong ya Gabs Power Circle ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022), e leng tiragalo ya botshelo e e neng ya kopanya batho ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso ba selegae le molekane wa gagwe wa mo Aforika Borwa Faith Nketsi.<ref name=":2" />O ntse a tshwaragane le ditiro tsa go tshola baeng kwa ditiragalong tse di akaretsang Express Yourself Fashion Gala (2024) <ref>[https://weekendpost.co.bw/strut-your-stuff-at-the-fashion-gala/ Strut Your Stuff at the Fashion Gala!".] Weekend Post. December 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == == Botshelo jwa pele == Mme Dikgaka o tlholega kwa motseng wa [[Molepolole]] mme o goletse kwa [[Palapye]] . O tlhalosa fa a le motlotlo fela thata ka medi ya segabone ya Setswana e bile o supa fa moletlo wa Dithubaruba e le mongwe wa meletlo e a e ratang thata. E ne e le ngwana yo o ditlhong mme o ne a simolola go rata botswerere jwa bodiragatsi fa a le kwa sekolong se se potlana. Ba lelwapa la gagwe ba ne ba na le kitso e e nonofileng mo go tsa mmino go tswa Goo-Lowe: nkuku wa gagwe o ne a opela mo khwaereng ya kereke fa bo kgaitsadie ba ne ba tsaya karolo mo dikhwaereng tsa sekolo sa Sontaga. <ref name="bym">{{Cite web |title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Sadie Dikgaka |url=https://www.botswanayouth.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-sadie-dikgaka/ |access-date=22 March 2026 |publisher=Botswana Youth Magazine}}</ref> O ne a bona tshono ya go tlhagisa mo motshamekong wa mmino le bodiragatsi wa ''Flava Dome'' morago ga go tsibogela papatso ya go tlhopha badiragatsi e e neng ya gasiwa ka nako ya pontsho ya motshameko yo o, mme a kgatlha baatlhodi ba ba neng ba tlhopha botlhe ba ba itepileng lesego. <ref name="bym">{{Cite web |title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Sadie Dikgaka |url=https://www.botswanayouth.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-sadie-dikgaka/ |access-date=22 March 2026 |publisher=Botswana Youth Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.botswanayouth.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-sadie-dikgaka/ "10 Things You Didn't Know About Sadie Dikgaka"]. Botswana Youth Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> qte366yndhjvrswri2l4tc1ijdxsduf 52673 52672 2026-07-17T13:24:23Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 #Wikipedia25BW 52673 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Boipelo Sadi Dikgaka''', ke moanelwa mo setshwantsong sa motshikinyego wa Motswana, mogasi wa metswedi ya dikgang, le rakgwebo. O itsege thata ka go nna motshwaredi wa [[Flava Dome]], lenaneo la mmino le boitloso bodutu le le neng le gasiwa mo Botswana Television (BTV), le a neng a le tlhagisa mmogo le Loungo "King Bee" Pitse.<ref name=":0">[https://thevoicebw.com/scare-flava-domes-sadie-may-never-return/ "Scare as Flava Dome's Sadie may never return".] The Voice Botswana. 22 January 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> Leina la gagwe la Sadi le tswa mo lefokong la Setswana mosadi, le le rayang mosadi.<ref name=":1">[https://www.botswanayouth.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-sadie-dikgaka/ "10 Things You Didn't Know About Sadie Dikgaka"]. Botswana Youth Magazine. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Dikgaka o tswa kwa Molepolole mme o goletse kwa Palapye. O itlhalosa a le motlotlo ka ngwao ya gagwe ya Setswana, a tlhalosa tiragalo ya setso sa Dithubaruba jaaka nngwe ya ditiragalo tse a di ratang thata. E ne e le ngwana yo o ditlhong yo o neng a rata go tshameka ka nako ya fa a ne a le kwa sekolong sa poraemari. Lelapa la gagwe le ne le na le mmino o o nonofileng: mmemogolo wa gagwe o ne a opela mo khwaereng ya kereke mme bokgaitsadie ba ne ba nna le seabe mo dikwaereng tsa sekolo sa Sontaga.<ref name=":1" /> O ne a bona seabe sa gagwe sa go nna moanelwa mogolo mo Flava Dome morago ga go araba papatso ya go thapiwa e e neng ya gasiwa ka nako ya lenaneo ka bolone, mme a kgatlhisa setlhopha sa batlhophi.<ref name=":1" /> == Tiro ya botshelo jotlhe == === Setshwantsong sa motshikinyego === Dikgaka e ne ya nna mongwe wa difatlhego tse di itsegeng thata mo Botswana boitlosobodutung ka seabe sa gagwe mo Flava Dome, lenaneo la mmino la BTV. Lenaneo le le gasiwa ka nako e e kwa godimo mme le na le dipontsho tsa bataki ba selegae le ba kgaolo. Modulasetulo wa gagwe Loungo Pitse o tlhalositswe mo kgatisong ya dikgang jaaka molekane wa gagwe wa ka metlha mo sekirining.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">Bakang Segokgo (27 January 2022). [https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/65133 "SA Influencer to grace Gabs Power Circle event".] Daily News (Botswana). Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> === Go tshameka ka tlhamalalo === Ka kgwedi ya Moranang wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019) Dikgaka o ne a tshameka A Night With Sadi kwa Moletlong wa Maitisong kwa Gaborone, e leng tiragatso ya gagwe a le esi e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke Tefo Paya e mo go yone a neng a supa bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa go opela le go kwala maboko fa pele ga bareetsi ba ba neng ba le teng. Mmegi o tlhalositse lenaneo le jaaka Dikgaka a itshupa e le seopedi se se fetang thelebišene, a kile a bo a tshameka mo seraleng le moopedi wa dipina tsa di-Kalanga, Lizibo. <ref>Mompati Tlhankane (29 April 2019). [https://www.mmegi.bw/lifestyle/tv-celeb-dikgaka-flashes-hidden-gifts/news "TV Celeb Dikgaka Flashes Hidden Gifts".] Mmegi Online. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> === Kgwebo le metswedi ya dikgang === Go tlaleletsa mo tirong ya gagwe ya thelebišene, Dikgaka o itiretse leina jaaka motho yo o nang le tlhotlheletso mo metsweding ya tshedimosetso ya loago le go nna rakgwebo. O ne a le mo gare ga setlhopha sa basadi ba Botswana ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso ba ba neng ba tlhagisiwa kwa tiragalong ya Gabs Power Circle ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022), e leng tiragalo ya botshelo e e neng ya kopanya batho ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso ba selegae le molekane wa gagwe wa mo Aforika Borwa Faith Nketsi.<ref name=":2" />O ntse a tshwaragane le ditiro tsa go tshola baeng kwa ditiragalong tse di akaretsang Express Yourself Fashion Gala (2024) <ref>[https://weekendpost.co.bw/strut-your-stuff-at-the-fashion-gala/ Strut Your Stuff at the Fashion Gala!".] Weekend Post. December 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2026.</ref> == Metswedi == == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Mme Dikgaka o tlholega kwa motseng wa [[Molepolole]] mme o goletse kwa [[Palapye]] . O tlhalosa fa a le motlotlo fela thata ka medi ya segabone ya Setswana e bile o supa fa moletlo wa Dithubaruba e le mongwe wa meletlo e a e ratang thata. E ne e le ngwana yo o ditlhong mme o ne a simolola go rata botswerere jwa bodiragatsi fa a le kwa sekolong se se potlana. Ba lelwapa la gagwe ba ne ba na le kitso e e nonofileng mo go tsa mmino go tswa Goo-Lowe: nkuku wa gagwe o ne a opela mo khwaereng ya kereke fa bo kgaitsadie ba ne ba tsaya karolo mo dikhwaereng tsa sekolo sa Sontaga. <ref name="bym">{{Cite web |title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Sadie Dikgaka |url=https://www.botswanayouth.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-sadie-dikgaka/ |access-date=22 March 2026 |publisher=Botswana Youth Magazine}}</ref> O ne a bona tshono ya go tlhagisa mo motshamekong wa mmino le bodiragatsi wa ''Flava Dome'' morago ga go tsibogela papatso ya go tlhopha badiragatsi e e neng ya gasiwa ka nako ya pontsho ya motshameko yo o, mme a kgatlha baatlhodi ba ba neng ba tlhopha botlhe ba ba itepileng lesego. <ref name="bym">{{Cite web |title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Sadie Dikgaka |url=https://www.botswanayouth.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-sadie-dikgaka/ |access-date=22 March 2026 |publisher=Botswana Youth Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.botswanayouth.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-sadie-dikgaka/ "10 Things You Didn't Know About Sadie Dikgaka"]. Botswana Youth Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> 3u1y4k156k9tmp7ylno92bei9377a77 52675 52673 2026-07-17T13:33:37Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349120411|Sadi Dikgaka]]" 52675 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Boipelo Sadi Dikgaka''', ke Motswana yo o berekang e le mogasi wa setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego, motlhotlheletsi wa maranyane a botsalano, le mogwebi. O itsege thata jaaka motshwari-mmogo wa lenaneo la ''[[Flava Dome]]'', Flava Dome ke lenaneo la mmino le itlosobodutu le le gasiwang mo [[Botswana TV|setshwantshong sa motshikhinyego sa Botswana]] (BTV), o itsege thata ka go tlhagisa lenaneo le, a patilwe ke Loungo "King Bee" Pitse. <ref name="voice2019">{{Cite web |date=22 January 2019 |title=Scare as Flava Dome's Sadie may never return |url=https://thevoicebw.com/scare-flava-domes-sadie-may-never-return/ |access-date=22 March 2026 |publisher=The Voice Botswana}}</ref> Leina la gagwe la mmereko e bong Sadi le khutshwafaditswe go tswa mo lefokong la mosadi. <ref name="bym">{{Cite web |title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Sadie Dikgaka |url=https://www.botswanayouth.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-sadie-dikgaka/ |access-date=22 March 2026 |publisher=Botswana Youth Magazine}}</ref> [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] dwyyg894bdqogauyqph7rpn35qo8mqf 52677 52675 2026-07-17T13:42:45Z Lame Ralosetlha 12932 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349120411|Sadi Dikgaka]]" 52677 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Boipelo Sadi Dikgaka''', ke Motswana yo o berekang e le mogasi wa setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego, motlhotlheletsi wa maranyane a botsalano, le mogwebi. O itsege thata jaaka motshwari-mmogo wa lenaneo la ''[[Flava Dome]]'', Flava Dome ke lenaneo la mmino le itlosobodutu le le gasiwang mo [[Botswana TV|setshwantshong sa motshikhinyego sa Botswana]] (BTV), o itsege thata ka go tlhagisa lenaneo le, a patilwe ke Loungo "King Bee" Pitse. <ref name="voice2019">{{Cite web |date=22 January 2019 |title=Scare as Flava Dome's Sadie may never return |url=https://thevoicebw.com/scare-flava-domes-sadie-may-never-return/ |access-date=22 March 2026 |publisher=The Voice Botswana}}</ref> Leina la gagwe la mmereko e bong Sadi le khutshwafaditswe go tswa mo lefokong la mosadi. <ref name="bym">{{Cite web |title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Sadie Dikgaka |url=https://www.botswanayouth.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-sadie-dikgaka/ |access-date=22 March 2026 |publisher=Botswana Youth Magazine}}</ref> == Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele == Mme Dikgaka o tlholega kwa [[Molepolole]] mme o goletse kwa [[Palapye]] . O tlhalosa fa a le motlotlo ka medi ya ngwao ya Setswana, ebile o supa fa moletlo wa ngwao wa Dithubaruba e le mongwe wa meletlo e a e ratang thata. E ne e le ngwana yo o ditlhong mme o ne a simolola go rata botswerere jwa bodiragatsi fa a le kwa sekolong se se potlana. Kwa ga bone ba ne ba na le kitso le bokgoni jo bo nonofileng mo go tsa mmino: nkuku wa gagwe o ne a opela mo khwaereng ya kereke mme bokgaitsadie ba ne ba tsaya karolo mo dikhwaereng tsa sekolo sa Tshipi. <ref name="bym">{{Cite web |title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Sadie Dikgaka |url=https://www.botswanayouth.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-sadie-dikgaka/ |access-date=22 March 2026 |publisher=Botswana Youth Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.botswanayouth.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-sadie-dikgaka/ "10 Things You Didn't Know About Sadie Dikgaka"]. Botswana Youth Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> O ne a bona tshono ya go tlhagisa mo ''Flava Dome'' morago ga go tsibogela papatso ya go tlhopha badiragatsi e e neng ya gasiwa ka nako ya tlhagiso ya lenaneo le o, mme a kgatlha baatlhodi ba ba neng ba tlhopha badiragatsi ba tlhwatlhwa. <ref name="bym">{{Cite web |title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Sadie Dikgaka |url=https://www.botswanayouth.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-sadie-dikgaka/ |access-date=22 March 2026 |publisher=Botswana Youth Magazine}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.botswanayouth.com/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-sadie-dikgaka/ "10 Things You Didn't Know About Sadie Dikgaka"]. Botswana Youth Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2026</span>.</cite></ref> == Go itshetsa == [[Karolo:Articles with hCards]] a6x8lwyco0xi7wo1vm0v8rykxftdtiw 0 14424 52668 52646 2026-07-17T12:01:08Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25 52668 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ditso tsa lefatshe la Botswana''' di akaretsa tsa bogologolo le tsa ngwao ya kgaolo, go diriwa kolone ya [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Bechuanaland Protectorate]], le go nna Republic of [[Botswana]] gompieno. Batho ba ntlha ba motlha wa gompieno go nna mo Botswana e ne e le Basarwa, temothuo e tlhabolotswe dingwaga di ka nna dikete pedi, le makgolo a mararo a a fetileng. Batho bantsho ba Bantu ba ntlha ba gorogile dingwaga di le makgolo mabedi morago ga loso lwa ga Keresete, fa [[Batswana]] ba ntlha ba gorogile dingwaga di le makgolo mabedi morago. Batswana ba ne ba kgaogana ka ditlhopha tsa merafe mo dingwageng tse di dikete tse di latelang fa diphudugo mo kgaolong di tswelela, tse di neng tsa baka [[:en:Difaqane|Difaqane]] mo lekgolong la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabobedi. Go amana le ma Yuropa ga ntlha go diragetse ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi lesome le borataro, mo go bakileng go diriwa Bakeresete ga batho ba kgaolo. Magosi a Batswana a a neng a na le thotloetso e kgolo a ne a ikopela go nna mo tlhokomelong ya lefatshe la [[United Kingdom]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabobedi le botlhano ka ba ne ba itemogela matshosetsi go tswa kwa [[:en:German_South_West_Africa|German South West Africa]] le mo Maburung. Batho ba Britain ba ne ba kgaoganya kgaolo go nna merafe e kgosi nngwe le nngwe e tlaa e etelelang pele, ba a fa dikgosi maatla a a fetang a ba neng ba na le one pele, mme ba ne ba nna le taolo e e lekanetseng fela mo lefatsheng. Puso ya Britain e ne ya nna le seabe se setlhagafetseng ka dinwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo. Lefatshe la Botswana le ne la ema nokeng go tsaya karolo ga Britain mo ntweng ya bobedi ya mafatshe, bontsi ba ne ba lwa e le bontlha jwa sesole sa [[Aferika|Aforika]] sa Auxiliary Pioneer Corps. Go lwela go laola go nnile teng ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a matlhano fa gare ga Kgosi ya [[Bangwato]] [[Seretse Khama]] le motlhatlhami wa gagwe [[Tshekedi Khama]]. Go nyala mosadi wa lekgoa ebong [[Ruth Williams Khama]] ga ga Seretse, go ne ga baka gore batho ba Britain ba mo thibele go nna mo [[Botswana]]. O ne a boa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a matlhano le borataro, ka a ne a na le kemo nokeng e kgolo, merafe e ne inaakanya le puso e e tlhophilweng fa letsholo la boipuso le tlhamiwa. Molao wa lefatshe o tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le motso, ga tlhamiwa diphathi tsa polotiki. Seretse o ne a nna moeteledipele wa [[:en:Bechuanaland_Democratic_Party|Bechuanaland Democratic Party]], e e neng e bueletswe ke puso ya Britain go busa morago ga boipuso, e ne ya nna le kemo nokeng e e tsitsibanyang mmele mo ditlhophong tsa ntlha tsa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le botlhano. Lefatshe la Botswana le ne la neelwa boipuso jo bo tletseng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro. Ka maikaelelo a a nonofileng, Seretse le phathi ya gagwe ba ne ba tlhama puso ya batho ka batho ya bophirima ba simolola go tlhabolola dikago mo lefatsheng le e neng e le lengwe la a a neng a humanegile thata ka nako eo. Go ne ga lemogiwa fa go na le diteemane ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabongwe, mo go neng ga bopa sesha itsholelo ya Botswana. Kompone ya meepo ya [[Debswana]] e tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi, lefatshe la Botswana la nna la itsholelo e e golang ka bofefo thata go gaisa a mangwe mo Botswana. Phathi ya sepolotiki ya Botswana Democratic e ne ya tswelela e le yone phathi e e busang go tswa ka nako ya boipuso go fitlhelela phathi ya [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] e fenya ditlhopho tsa [[:en:2024_Botswana_general_election|ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone.]] == Ditso tsa pele ga bokolone == === Ditso tsa pele === [[Setshwantsho:Tsodilo Hills rock paintings4.jpg|thumb|metako ya magaga kwa Tsodilo mo ditsong tsa pele]] Lefatshe la Botswana la gompieno e ne e le sekgwa fela dingwaga di le didikadike tse di lesome tse di fitileng, dinoka di ne di le ditona go fetisa gompieno, di tshela kwa [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi|letsheng la Makgadikgadi]].<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou, Thomas]]; [[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Campbell, Alec C]]. (1997) [1984]. ''[[History of Botswana]]'' (2nd&nbsp;ed.). Macmillan Botswana. ISBN[[:en:Special:BookSources/9991278087|&nbsp;<bdi>9991278087</bdi>.]]</ref> Batho ba sebopego sa ntlha sa Homo erectus ba ne ba nna mo kgaolong eo ka motlha wa lejwe.<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997,]] p.&nbsp;14.</ref> Didirisiwa tsa lejwe mo Botswana wa gompieno, di tshwana le dilepe, di tswa go o lowe, dingwaga di le didikadike di le pedi tse di fitileng.<ref name=":4">Denbow, James R.; Thebe, Phenyo C. (2006). [[iarchive:culturecustomsof0000denb|''Culture and Customs of Botswana''.]] Greenwood Press. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33178-7|<bdi>978-0-313-33178-7</bdi>.]] [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/62118271 62118271.]</ref><ref name=":0">Klehm, Carla (28 June 2021). "Archaeology of Botswana". ''Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History''. doi:[https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/61663/chapter/553401196 10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.792]. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-027773-4|<bdi>978-0-19-027773-4</bdi>.]]</ref> Phudugo go ya sekakeng sa Kalahari go akanyediwa fa e diragetse pele ga legato la borataro dingwaga di le dikete di le lekgolo, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro tse di fitileng.<ref name=":0" /> Letsha la Makgadikgadi le simolotse go fokotsega dingwaga di le dikete di le masome matlhano tse di fitileng.<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997, p.&nbsp;17.]]</ref> Bagolagolwane ba merafe e e sa amaneng ka gope ba ba bidiwang Basarwa fa ba kgobokantswe, ba ne ba nna mo Botswana wa gompieno, dingwaga di ka nna dikete di le masome mane go tsena masome a mararo tse di fitileng. Ba ka tswa e le bone batho ba ntlha go nna mo motlheng wa lejwe.<ref>[[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&nbsp;18, 23.</ref> Ba ne ba itlhoma go bapa le dinoka ka dipaka tsa komelelo, mme ba phatlalale le kgaolo ka nako ya dipula.<ref>[[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&nbsp;24.</ref>Go ne go itsewe fa ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a dikaganyeditseng [[letsha la Makgadikgadi]], ga mmogo le [[Tsodilo]] le GI.<ref name=":1">[[iarchive:culturecustomsof0000denb|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&nbsp;xv.</ref> Batho ba bangwe jaaka ba [[Nata]], Shua le Xani, go dumelwa fa ba gorogile morago ga Basarwa.<ref name=":2">Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997, p.&nbsp;23.</ref>[[:en:Rock_art|Botaki jwa matlapa]] bo simolotse dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a mararo tse di fetileng,<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;58.</ref> Meepo ya specularite le hematite e simolotse ka nako e go tlhama dipente.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;48.</ref> Mo e ka nnang metsi otlhe a leruri a ne a amana le batho ba ntlha dingwaga di le 20,000 tse di fetileng.<ref name=":1" /> Thuto e e tseneletseng ya Aforika e e kwa borwa mo [[:en:Stone_Age|Motlheng wa Matlapa]] e ntse e lekanyeditswe.<ref name=":0" /> Batho ba ba farologaneng ba kgaolo e ne e le [[:en:Hunter-gatherer|batsomi-baphuthi]] ba ba neng ba sala ka ditlhopha tse dinnye mme ba dira kgwebo le ba bangwe.<ref name=":2" /> Go dumelwa gore setlhopha sengwe le sengwe e ne e le kokoanyo ya malapa a a sikanang a a neng a tshwere tshimo e e rileng, a eteletswe pele ke monna yo mogolo wa lelapa la tlhogo ya setlhopha.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;25.</ref>Banna ba ne ba tsoma diphologolo tse dikgolo, fa basadi ba ne ba phutha dimela le go tshwara diphologolo tse dinnye.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;24–25.</ref> Ditlhopha di ne di nyalana mme di dirisa thulaganyo ya magadi, xaro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;26.</ref> Mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le dikete tse tse di fetileng, batho ba kgaolo eo ba ne ba tla ka dikgomo le dinku mo Botswana wa gompieno mme ba simolola go dira dinkgwana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;35.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;8.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;28.</ref>Temothuo e ne ya tlhabologa ka nako e mme batho ba ne ba simolola go nna mo metseng, e e neng ya tlhatloga le go wela tlase fa seemo sa loapi le ditlhaselo tsa dikgomo di ne di dira gore phitlhelelo ya leruo e fetofetoge.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;29–30.</ref>Gareng ga dijalo tsa ntlha e ne e le [[:en:Pearl_millet|mmidi wa perela]], [[:en:Finger_millet|mmidi wa menwana]], [[:en:Sorghum|mabele]], [[:en:Bambara_groundnut|matonkomane a Bambara]], [[:en:Cowpea|dinawa tsa kgomo]], le dimela tsa lelapa la [[:en:Cucurbitaceae|cucurbits]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], pp.&#x20;8–9.</ref> Batho ba ntlha ba Bantu ba ne ba [[:en:Bantu_expansion|fudugela kwa kgaolong]] e dingwaga di le dikete tse pedi le dingwaga dile selete le makgolo a matlhano tse di fetileng, mme go kile ga dumelwa gore ke bone ba ba neng ba tlisa leruo la ntlha mo lefelong leno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;22–24, 28.</ref> [[:en:Kalanga_people|Batho ba Kalanga]] ke bone ba ntlha mo [[:en:Bantu_people|merafeng ya Bantu]] go nna mo Botswana wa gompieno, ba goroga c. 200 C.E.<ref name=":3">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;27.</ref> Bagologolwane ba morafe wa ntlha wa [[:en:Tswana_people|Batswana]] (bongwe ''Motswana'', bontsi ''Batswana'') go fopholediwa fa ba gorogile c. 400 C.E.<ref name=":3" /> Batho ba ba Bantu ba ne ba tlisa didirisiwa tsa tshipi le tsa kopore mo kgaolong mme ba nna mo ditseleng tsa metsi tsa leruri.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;9.</ref> Ba ne ba aga mafelo a bonno a leruri a matlo a ka nna lesome go fitlhela lesome le botlhano a [[:en:Pole-and-daga|dipale le mmu]] nngwe le nngwe, go na le dikago tsa nakwana tsa Khoisan e e neng e tsamayatsamaya thata.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;44–45.</ref> BaKhoisan le Bantu ba ka tswa ba ne ba gweba le go nyalana mo pakeng e.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;36.</ref> === Lekgolo la bosupa la dingwaga go fitlhela ka lekgolo la lesome le bone la dingwaga === Setlhopha sa batho ba Zhizo, batho ba Taukome, ba ne ba goroga mo Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwagakgolo wa bosupa mme ba nna fa gare ga [[:en:Shashe_River|Noka ya Shashe]] le [[:en:Serorome_River|Noka ya Serorome]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;54–55.</ref><ref name=":5">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;10.</ref> Go nna le [[:en:Glass_bead|dipheta tsa galase]] go supa kgolagano ya pele le [[:en:Indian_Ocean_trade|kgwebo ya Lewatle la India]].<ref name=":5" /> Palo ya leruo le le ruiwang mo Botswana wa gompieno e ne ya oketsega thata fa gare ga ngwagakgolo wa borobabobedi le ngwagakgolo wa lesome.<ref name=":4" /> Batho ba Tswana ba ne ba ithulaganya go nna mofuta wa puso ya morafe, e e bidiwang ''morafe'' (bontsi merafe), mongwe le mongwe o eteletswe pele ke kgosi e e bidiwang ''[[:en:Kgosi|kgosi]]'' (bontsi dikgosi).<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;28.</ref> Tsamaiso e e ne ya tlhagisa puso e e nang le maemo a a kwa godimo fa e bapisiwa le tse dingwe mo kgaolong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;40.</ref> Dikgomo di ne tsa nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya setšhaba mo kgaolong, mme go nna mong wa dikgomo go ne go supa maemo a motho.<ref name=":6">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;11.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;46.</ref> Ditso tsa bogologolo tsa batho ba Tswana e sa ntse e sa itsiwe thata ka gonne go setse bosupi jo bonnye jwa baepi ba dilo tsa bogologolo.<ref name=":3" /> Ditsela tsa kgwebo di ne di golaganya merafe go ralala [[:en:Kalahari_Desert|Sekaka sa Kalahari]] ka makgolo ale borobabongwe morago ga ga Keresete,<ref name=":1" /> mme go ne ga tlhamiwa motseletsele wa ditsela go ralala kgaolo yotlhe mo lekgolong le le latelang la dingwaga, mme tsa fitlha kwa setlhoeng kwa Lewatleng la India.<ref name=":6" /><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;44.</ref> Bangwe ba batho ba Eiland ba ne ba fuduga go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa ya gompieno go tsena mo Botswana wa gompieno mo bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;64.</ref> Batho ba Toutswe, ba bangwe ba morafe wa Zhizo, ba ne ba fudugela kwa Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bongwe mme ba nna setlhopha se se nonofileng go gaisa mo kgaolong, ba bona khumo ya bona ka go nna le dikgomo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;13.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;56.</ref> Go ne ga agiwa metse e meraro ya Ba-Toutswe kwa [[:en:Bosutswe|Bosutswe]], Sung, le [[:en:Toutswemogala|Toutswemogala]], mongwe le mongwe wa bone o ne o busa metse e mennye e e neng e e dikologile.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;57.</ref> Ka ngwagakgolo wa bo 12, Ba-Toutswe ba ne ba anametse kwa Sekakeng sa Kalahari.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;60.</ref> Boleng jwa ditlhagiswa bo ne jwa fetogafetoga fa kgwebisano e ntse e atolosiwa le ditšhaba di sele mme go ribololwa ga gauta go ne ga diragala, go fokotsa kgatlhego mo ditlhagisweng tsa sebilo le tsa diphologolo jaaka lonaka lwa tlou.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;27–28.</ref> Morafe mongwe kwa Tsodilo o ne o na le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo kgwebong ya sebilo go fitlha e wa kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le bobedi la dingwaga.<ref name=":7">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;27.</ref> Merafe e e kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Botswana e ne e le kgakala le ditiragalo tse mme e ne ya sala e sa amege thata.<ref name=":8">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;28.</ref> Baagisani ba Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bongwe le wa lesome le bobedi e ne e le batho ba [[:en:Leopard's_Kopje|Leopard's Kopje]] kwa botlhaba.<ref name=":9">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], pp.&#x20;12–13.</ref> <ref name=":10">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;61.</ref>Ba tlhomilwe la ntlha kwa [[:en:Bambandyanalo|Bambandyanalo]], ba ne ba nna batho ba bagolo mo kgwebong ya kgaolo mme ba fudugela kwa Mapungubwe kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bongwe kwa ba neng ba bopa [[:en:Kingdom_of_Mapungubwe|Bogosi jwa Mapungubwe]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;67–68.</ref> Ba ne ba bonela pele tlhotlheletso go ralala kgaolo fa gare ga ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bobedi.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /> Batho ba Okavango Delta le batho ba Tsodilo mme morago ba ne ba patelesega go tlogela mafelo a bone a bodulo mo nakong e, se se ka tswang se bakilwe ke gore ba ne ba kgaotswe mo ditseleng tse dikgolo tsa kgwebo. Ke batho ba Khoe fela ba ba neng ba nna mo lefelong leo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou & Campbell 1997]], pp. 46, 81.</ref>Mapungubwe e ne ya wa ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro,<ref name=":11">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;14.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;69.</ref> mme metse ya Toutswe, e e neng e kgaotswe mo kgwebong, e ne ya wa mo nako e le nngwe.<ref name=":10" />Batho ba Mambo ba ne ba nna go dikologa [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]] ya gompieno mme ba nna le tlhotlheletso mo tikologong ya nako e.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;80.</ref> Batho ba segompieno ba Tswana, [[:en:Khalagari_people|Khalagari]], le [[:en:Sotho_people|Sotho]] ba simolotse go bopega kwa kgaolong ya Transvaal mo e ka nnang ka lekgolo la lesome le bobedi la dingwaga.<ref name=":12">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;89.</ref> Ba-Khalagari ba ne ba fudugela kwa bophirima kwa lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang borwabotlhaba jwa Botswana.<ref name=":13">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;96.</ref> Batho ba Fokeng le bone ba ne ba tlhagelela kwa bophirima ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bobedi,<ref name=":14">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;93.</ref> mme batho ba Moloko ba ne ba tlhagelela ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro.<ref name=":12" /> Morafe wa tshimologo wa BaTswana, losika lwa bogosi lwa Phofu, o tlhodilwe kwa kgaolong ya Transvaal ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro ke Mogale. Mo makgolong a dingwaga a a latelang, e ne ya kgaogana go nna merafe e le mmalwa ya Batswana, go akaretsa le merafe ya Bahurutshe, [[:en:Kwena_people|Kwena]], [[:en:Ngwaketse_people|Ngwaketse]], [[:en:Ngwato_people|Ngwato]], Tlharo, le batho ba ba [[:en:Ngwato_people|Kgatla]].<ref name=":13" /> [[:en:Kingdom_of_Zimbabwe|Bogosi jwa Zimbabwe]] bo ne jwa tlhagelela mme jwa ema mo boemong jwa Mapungubwe e le maatla a kgaolo ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro fa batho ba Gumanye ba ne ba nna le tlhotlheletso mo toropong ya [[:en:Great_Zimbabwe|Great Zimbabwe]], e e neng ya kgona go laola kgwebisano gaufi thata ka lefatshe la yone le le botlhokwa le ditsompelo tsa yone le go nna gaufi le lebopo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;77–78.</ref> Zimbabwe e ne e laola merafe e mentsi e e neng e le teng mo lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang bokonebotlhaba jwa Botswana,<ref name=":15">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xvi.</ref> mme kgwebisano ya gauta e ne ya nna selo se se neng se tlhotlheletsa itsholelo ya kgaolo eo.<ref name=":11" /> Zimbabwe e ne e latlhegelwa ke tlhotlheletso kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le bone la dingwaga, mme e ne ya wela mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> Dinaga tse dingwe di le mmalwa di ne tsa tlhagelela morago ga go wa ga yone. [[:en:Kingdom_of_Butua|Bogosi jwa Butua]], jo bo neng jwa bopiwa ke [[:en:Kalanga_people|merafe ya Kalanga]], bo ne jwa tsaya maemo a Zimbabwe mo molelwaneng wa gompieno wa Botswana–Zimbabwe.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":15" /><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;98–100.</ref> Batho ba Tswana le [[:en:Pedi_people|Bapedi]] ba ne ba latela batho ba Khalagari kwa bophirima mo e ka nnang kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le bone<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> mme [[:en:Rolong_people|batho ba Rolong]] ba ne ba kgaogana ka fa tlase ga puso ya ga Morolong.<ref name=":13" /> Kgosi Masilo go bolelwa fa a ne a busa merafe yotlhe ya bophirima jwa Tswana ka nako e, go fitlhela batho ba Tlharo ba kgaogana le puso ya gagwe. Morago ga moo go bolelwa fa lefelo le le ne le busiwa ke Malope kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga.<ref name=":14" /> === Lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga go fitlha ka lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga === [[Setshwantsho:Campbell - Thlapingkaptein en sy vrou.png|thumb|Setshwantsho sa monna wa Motswana le mosadi wa gagwe mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1800]] Batho ba baTswana ba ne ba fuduga fa gare ga Botswana wa gompieno ka ba ne ba fudusiwa ke batho ba naga le batho ba mmuso wa ga mmamosadinyana go tswa kwa borwa,<ref name=":16">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;19.</ref> mme ba ne ba le teng go ralala Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwaga sekete le makgolo a le marataro.<ref name=":17">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;703.</ref> Morafe wa ntlha wa BaTswana, losika lwa ga Phofu, lo ne lwa wela tlase kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;104.</ref> Diphudugo tse dikgolo tsa batho ba Kalanga le Sotho–Tswana di diragetse mo lekgolong la lesome le botlhano le la lesome le borataro la dingwaga.<ref name=":11" /> Batho ba ba Kalanga ba ne ba laola lefatshe le le fa gare ga [[:en:Motloutse_River|Noka ya Motloutse]] le [[:en:Makgadikgadi_Pan|Letsha la Makgadikgadi]] go fitlhela ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabobedi.<ref name=":7" /> Batho ba Hurutshe, Kgatla, le Kwena ba ne ba kgaogana le losika lwa segosi lwa ga Phofu kwa kgaolong ya Transvaal mo gare ga komelelo le dintwa tsa boswa, mme kgabagare ba fudugela kwa bokone go ya kwa Botswana wa gompieno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;10.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;97.</ref> Batho ba Ngwaketse le ba Ngwato ba ne ba kgaogana le Bakwena ka ngwaga wa sekete le makgolo a matlhano le boraro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;105.</ref> Batho bangwe ba kgaolo ba ne ba nna mo Motlheng wa Bofelo wa Leje go fitlha mo e ka nnang mo lekgolong la lesome le borataro la dingwaga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;22.</ref> Batho ba Botswana wa gompieno ba simolodistse ditsela tse di telle tsa motsamao ko bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le bosupa, e tsamaelwa dikilometara tse makgolo go rekisa,go tsoma le go itsalanya le batho.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;108–109.</ref>Merafe e ne e kgona go kgaogana motlhofo abo e ipopa ka bongwe go tswa mo go ba bangwe ka gore dithoto tse dipotlana , le leruo tsa lefelo ne di kgona go tsmaisiwa motlhofo.<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":16" />Merafe ya botlhabatsatsi e ne e tshabellwa ke go kgaogana ka ntlha ya seele se se tona gareng ga toropo le ditshimo.<ref name=":18">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;392.</ref>Kgaogano gareng ga ditlhopa tsa baTswana e nnile mo gareng ga ngwagakgolong ya lesome le bosupa, e tlhalosa merafe ya segompieno.<ref name=":19">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;106.</ref>Merafe ya baTswana ba botlhabatsatsi e ne e nna e le maikaelelo a dintwa tsa [[:en:Griqua_people|batho ba Griqua]].<ref name=":18" /> Fa batho ba baTswana ba tswa bokone go ya Botswana wa borwa-bophirima wa segompieno ka ngwagakgolo ya lesome le bosupa , ba ne ba nna mo metseng e e neng e nna batho ba Kgalagari, ba ba tshwaetsa kgotsa ba ba ntsha. Batho ba ba Kwena le merafe ya bone ya lekala ba ne ba fudugela kwa Botswana wa segompieno ka fa tlase ga taolo ya [[:en:Kgabo_II|Kgabo wa bobedi]] ba bo ba nna gaufi le motse wa [[:en:Molepolole|Molepolole]].<ref name=":19" />Go ya ka setso sa molomo, bapatole ba e leng batho ba Herero le Mbanderu ba ne ba kgaogana go tswa mo bathung ba Mbunda ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bosupa fa ntwa tsa leruo la batswana le ne le phatlalatsa ditlhopa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;8–9.</ref> le batho ba Bayeyi ba ne ba fudugela kwa Okavango Delta go ya kwa nokeng ya Chobe ka ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;8.</ref>Mo mafelong a mangwe, batho ba Kaa ba ne ba kgaogana go tswa mo bathong ba Rolong le batho ba Khurutse ba kgaogana le batho ba Bahurutshe, fa ditlhopa tsotlhe di fudugela kwa bokone.<ref name=":20">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;107.</ref>Batho ba Bashaga ba ne ba kopana le batho ba Kgalagari ko bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;110.</ref> State sa ntlha sa Tswana se tlhamilwe ke batho ba Ngwaketse bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi. Si state tse dingwe tsa Tswana di ne tsa tlhamiwa ka go latelana ke batho ba ba Kwena, batho ba Ngwato le batho ba ba Tawana mo dingwageng tse lesome tse nne di latela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;113.</ref> Ka se go ne ga tla ditlhabololo tsa ''mophato (''bontsi ''mephato),'' mephato ya sesole e e rulagantsweng k a dingwaga tsa setlhopa, gareng ga batho ba Tswana ba bophirima mo dingwageng tsa sekete le makgolo a supa le masome a matlhano''.''<ref name=":21">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;386.</ref>Batho ba le babedi ba Kgatla , batho ba Kgafela le batho ba ba Tlokwa, ba tsene mo nakong e ba bo ba tsaa taolo mo tikologong ya [[:en:Pilanesberg|Pilanesberg]] mo Aforika Borewng wa segompieno. Ba ne ba laola ka thata bontsi jwa batho mo lefelong leo mme ebile ba fentse dintwa tse pedi le batho ba Fokeng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], pp.&#x20;390–391.</ref>Tiriso ya mephato e ne ya phatlatsega kwa bathong ba Tswana ba kwa botlhaba kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo.<ref name=":21" />E ne e sa amogelwa go phutologilwe mo borwa === Difaqane === [[:en:Difaqane|Difaqane]], nako ya dintwa le phuduso mo borwa jwa Aforika , e diragetse kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi le tshimologo ya ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabongwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;17.</ref> Mo nakong ye, batho ba baTswana ba ne ba le mo '''kgonegong''' ya dintwa ke ditlhopa di le dintsi ,di akaretsa [[:en:Northern_Ndebele_people|Ndebele]], ba [[:en:Kololo_people|Kololo]], ba [[:en:Ngoni_people|Ngoni]],<ref name=":8" /> ba Pedi, le ba [[:en:Voortrekker|Voortrekkers]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;391.</ref>Bontsi jwa ditlhopa tsa ba Tswana di itlhopetse go boela morago ko ntlheng ga go lwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;394.</ref>Sese ne sa trigger phudugo e e extensive e e ralalang lefelo, go baka gore morafe wa ba Tswana o phatlalale thata abo o simolodisa bolengteng jo bo nonofileng gareng ga territory ya Botswana wa segompieno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;25.</ref>Ba ne ba nna thata mo [[:en:Hardveld|nageng e e thata]] e e dirang kgaolo ya botlhaba jwa Botswana wa gompieno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;29.</ref> Batho ba Kwena le ba Ngwaketse ba ne ba fuduga go tswa kwa motseng wa [[:en:South_African_Republic|Transvaal]] go ya kwa ''lefelong la motlhaba''.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;18.</ref> Batho ba ntlha wa Kgatla go nna mo Botswana wa gompieno, batho ba Mmanaana, o ne wa fuduga go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le borobabongwe pele ga o nna kwa [[:en:Moshupa|Moshupa]] le [[:en:Thamaga|Thamaga]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMatemba2003|Matemba 2003]], p.&#x20;53, 56.</ref> Ke fela bangwe ba merafe ya Tswana ya bokonebophirima ba ba neng ba bolokwa mo go fudugeng kgotsa mo go kgorelediweng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;393.</ref> Batho ba Kololo ba ne ba tlhasela merafe ya Tswana ya bokonebophirima ka ngwaga wa 1826, ba pateletsa BaKwena le BaNgwaketse go tswa mo dikgaolong tsa bona ka go farologana. Sebogo, molaodi wa morafe wa Ngwaketse, o ne a tsosa banna ba le dikete dile nne mo ''mephatong'' ya bone mme ba dikaganyetsa Dithubaruba kwa Bakololo ba neng ba nna teng. Ba bolaya batlhabani le baagi, ba kobela ruri Bakololo mo kgaolong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], pp.&#x20;393–394.</ref> Merafe e ne ya tlhoma dinaga tsa yone gape ka dingwaga tsa bo 1840, ya tlhoma ditoropo le metsana e le mmalwa ya bogolo jo bo farologaneng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;31.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;693.</ref><ref name=":22">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;114.</ref> Puso e ne e ikaegile ka ''[[:en:Kgotla|kgotla]]'', kopano ya dipuisano e mo go yone kgosi kgotsa moeteledipele wa kgaolo a neng a utlwa matshwenyego a bontsi jwa baagi ba banna pele a tsaya ditshwetso.<ref name=":34">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;695.</ref><ref name=":23">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;77.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1880, batho ba Tswana le ba Khalagari ba ne ba dirile Botswana yotlhe ya gompieno dikolone.<ref name=":20" /> === Barongwa ba karolokgolo ya lefatshe ya Europe === Barongwa ba karolokgolo ya lefatshe ya Europe ba ne ba goroga lantlha mo Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwaga wa 1816 ka [[:en:London_Missionary_Society|London Missionary Society]]. Setlhopha se le tse dingwe tsa barongwa di ne tsa dira go fetolela dikgosi mo Bokereseteng le go aga dikolo tsa barongwa.<ref name=":24">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;38.</ref> Morongwa [[:en:Robert_Moffat_(missionary)|Robert Moffat]] o ne a baya motse wa gagwe wa borongwa mo molelwaneng wa Botswana wa gompieno jaaka sekgoreletsi kgatlhanong le Maburu gore ba se ka ba kgona go ya kwa teng.<ref name=":8" /> Moffat o gatisitse mokwalo wa ntlha wa puo ya Setswana o o nang le mokwalo o o tshwanang fa a ne a simolola go ranola dikwalo tsa Sekeresete le go kwala thanodi ya Setswana. Tesetamente e Kgologolo le e Ntšhwa ka bobedi di ne di kgona go balwa ka Setswana ka ngwaga wa 1857.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;57, 65.</ref> Batho ba Tswana ba ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabongwe ba ne ba dirisa dikgopolo di le mmalwa tsa itsholelo tse di neng di le sewelo mo borwa jwa Aforika, go akaretsa sekoloto, dikonteraka tsa tirelo, le thulaganyo ya ''mafisa'' ya bahumi ba adima bahumanegi dikgomo go ba ananya ka tiro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;701.</ref> Gape ba ne ba na le kgopolo ya dithoto tse di fhapegileng ka bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabongwe , mme banna ba ba nyetsweng le basadi ba ba nyetsweng ba ne ba na le tshwanelo ya ditshwanelo tsa lefatshe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;698.</ref> Banna ba ne ba disa dikgomo fa basadi ba ne ba lema dijalo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;31–32.</ref> Mabele e ne e le sejalo se se neng se lengwa thata mo kgaolong eo mo lekgolong la lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga. Naga e ne e le teng thata, fela komelelo e ne e raya gore temothuo e ne e sa tlhomama.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;34.</ref> Bagwebi ba lefatshe la Britain ba gorogile ka dingwaga tsa bo 1830 mme ba dira ditirisano le dikgosi.<ref name=":24" /> Go tla ga baagi ba karolokgolo ya lefatshe la Europe ba ba neng ba nna gaufi le foo go ne ga dira gore merafe ya Batswana e kgone go ikamanya le itsholelo ya lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;43.</ref> Kgosi [[:en:Sechele_I|Sechele]] [[:en:Sechele_I|wa ntlha]] wa batho ba Bakwena o ne a dirisa ditsela tse dišwa tsa kgwebo, a netefatsa taolo ya kgwebo ya lefatshe la Britain ya morafe wa gagwe.<ref name=":22" /> Morongwa wa kwa Scotland e bong [[:en:David_Livingstone|David Livingstone]] o ne a goroga mo Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1845, kwa a neng a tlhoma lekgotla la [[:en:Kolobeng_Mission|Kolobeng Mission]]. Se e ne e le tshimologo ya go nna le seabe mo go bokete ga karolokgolo ya lefatshe la Europe mo merafeng ya Batswana fa ba ne ba tlhoma ditsela tsa kgwebisano tsa dikontinente tse di farologaneng.<ref name=":15" /> Moaparo wa Bophirima o ne wa amogelwa kwa ditoropong go ralala ngwagakgolo otlhe mme o kopanngwa le diaparo tsa setso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;120–121.</ref> Mo maitekong a mangwe a go kgoreletsa Maburu, Livingstone o ne a fa batho ba Kwena ditlhobolo. Sechele e ne e le motho wa ntlha yo Livingstone a neng a mo sokololela mo Bokereseteng, mme morago ga moo kgosi e ne ya ithaopela go sokolola banna ba gagwe ba tlhogo a dirisa disefe tsa letlalo la tshukudu.<ref name=":25">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;29.</ref> Bogosi jwa Butua jwa batho ba Kalanga bo ne jwa wa ka ngwaga wa 1840.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;100.</ref> Batho ba Tswana ba ne ba lebana le kgotlhang go tswa mo ditlhopheng tse dingwe mo kgaolong, mme ya goroga kwa setlhoeng ka dingwaga tsa bo 1850. Batswana ba le bantsi, bogolosegolo merafe ya Kwena le Ngwato, ba ne ba lwa kgatlhanong le merafe ya Maaforikanere le ya MaZulu kwa botlhaba jwa Sekaka sa Kalahari.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;195.</ref> Ba-Kwena le Ba-Mmanaana ba ne ba lwantsha Maburu go tswa kwa Transvaal ka ngwaga wa 1852, ba sireletsa kgaolo ya bone mme ba fedisa go atologa ga setšhaba go ya kwa bophirima.<ref name=":26">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;396.</ref> Batswana ba ne ba bona ditlhopha tsa barongwa e le tsela ya go tshabela mo batlhaseding, ba rotloetsa go sokologela mo Bokereseteng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;196.</ref> Sechele o ne a kopa tshireletso ya lefatshe la Britain ka 1853 go fedisa dintwa tsa kgaolo, mme o ne a ganwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;107.</ref> Baeng ba Europa ba ne ba tlwaelesegile thata mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bo19 la dingwaga fa batsomi, batlhotlhomisi, le bagwebi ba ne ba batla dipoelo le go bona dilo tse di kgatlhang mo kgaolong eo.<ref name=":25" /> Ba le bantsi ba ne ba kwala [[:en:Travel_book|dibuka tsa maeto]] ka ga lefelo leo, tse e neng e le dingwe tsa dikgatiso fela tse e seng tsa thuto ka ga Botswana wa gompieno ka nako eo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;65–66.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1860, go fuduga go tswa mo kgaolong go ne ga oketsega fa banna ba Batswana ba ne ba tsaya loeto go ya go bereka kwa meepong ya Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;96.</ref> Go ribololwa ga Masimo a [[:en:Tati_Goldfields|Gauta a Tati]] go ne ga tsosa go batla gauta ga ntlha ga karolokgolo ya lefatshe la Europe kwa Borwa jwa Aforika ka ngwaga wa 1868.<ref name=":24" /> Kampa ya pele ya meepo e e neng ya tlhongwa ka dingwaga tsa bo 1870 e ne ya atologa thata fa e ne e nna lefelo le legolo la terena fa gare ga [[:en:Cape_Province|kgaolo ya Cape]] le [[:en:Bulawayo|Bulawayo]], mme ya nna toropokgolo ya ntlha ya Botswana, e leng [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;15, 29.</ref> Mo nakong e mo hisitoring ya Botswana, dikgosi tse dikgolo tsotlhe e ne e le Bakeresete.[92] Ntwa magareng ga Bakwena le BaKgafela ka ngwaga wa 1875.<ref name=":26" />Kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga di le lesome, kgosi [[:en:Khama_III|Khama wa boraro]] wa batho ba Ngwato o ne a gapa taolo ya kgwebisano ya Borithane mo bathong ba Kwena.<ref name=":22" /> == Tshireletso ya lefatshe la Bechuanaland == ''Setlhogo se segolo: [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland]]'' Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le tshaba tlhotlheletso e e oketsegang ya lefatshe la Germany mo kgaolong, mme e ne ya dumela go bopa [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland]].<ref name=":27">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom & Bolt 2018]], p. 40.</ref><ref name=":28">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;23.</ref> Makgowa a Britain a ne a eletsa go somarela tlhotlheletso ya yone mo merafeng ya Batswana, ka a ne a neelana ka kgolagano magareng ga borwa le bogare jwa Aforika.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;44.</ref> Dikgosi tsa Tswana di ne di tshaba go tsenelelwa ke [[:en:German_South_West_Africa|Jeremane ya Aforika Borwa Bophirima]] le [[:en:Afrikaners|Maaforikaner]],<ref name=":29">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;161.</ref> mme di ne di dumela gore tsela e nngwe ya taolo ya Borithane e ne e le bokoloniale jwa baagi ke Jeremane.<ref name=":30">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;694.</ref> Ba ne ba eletsa gape go tila go wela ka fa tlase ga taolo ya Aforika Borwa kgotsa moeteledipele wa meepo [[:en:Cecil_Rhodes|Cecil Rhodes]], le fa tshireletso e santse e iphitlhela e ikaegile ka Aforika Borwa mo itsholelong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;197.</ref> Kgaolo e ne e kgaogantswe go nna lefatshe la merafe le le busiwang ke dikgosi le [[:en:Crown_land|lefatshe la segosi]] le le laolwang ke United Kingdom.<ref name=":29" /> Merafe e borobarobedi e ne ya amogelwa ke Maesemane fa go ne go tlhodiwa protectorate. Tse nne tse dikgolo di ne tsa fiwa dipolokelo tsa merafe: Bakwena, BaNgwaketse, BaNgwato le BaTawana. Gape go ne ga lemogiwa tse tharo tse dinnye: tsa Kgatla, tsa [[:en:Tlokwa_people|Tlokwa]] le tsa ga [[:en:Malete_people|Malete]]. Ba borobedi, ba Tshidi, ba ne ba fiwa lefelo la polokelo le le kgabaganyang molelwane magareng ga naga e e sireleditsweng le Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;30n1.</ref> Fa maloko a merafe e mennye e e seng ya Batswana a ne a letleletswe go tsaya karolo mo setšhabeng le pusong ya Batswana, ba ne ba sa fiwa dipolokelo tsa merafe tsa bona.<ref name=":17" /> Go tsenngwa ga dipolokelo tsa merafe go ne ga fetola mofuta wa puso ya Motswana, ka merafe e ne e sa tlhalosiwe thata mo nakong e e fetileng mme e ne e ka atolosiwa kgotsa ya sutisiwa. Ka dikgaolo di kgaogantswe ka dipuso tsa merafe, baagi ba ne ba sa tlhole ba kgona go tswa mo morafeng motlhofo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;46–47.</ref><ref name=":31">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;24.</ref> Tshireletso kwa tshimologong e ne ya atologela kwa Ngwato, e fitlha go tswa go didikirii di le masome a mabedi le bobedi kwa borwa go ya kwa [[:en:Molopo_River|Nokeng ya Molopo]], mme e ne ya atolosiwa go ya kwa didikiriing di le lesome le borobabobedi kwa borwa go fitlhela kwa Nokeng ya Chobe ka ngwaga wa 1890.<ref name=":22" /><ref name=":32">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;30.</ref>Se se ne sa tlamela Maborithane ka badiri ba bantsi ka fa tlase ga taolo ya yona mme sa bopa sekgoreletsi se segolo sa go lekanyetsa bokoloniale jwa Jeremane.<ref name=":32" /> Batho ba bangwe ba Tswana ba ne ba nna kwa borwa jwa tshireletso mme moragonyana ba ne ba tsenngwa mo Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":28" /> Batho ba ga Kgafela ba ne ba nna kwa [[:en:Mochudi|Mochudi]] ka ngwaga wa 1887. Setlhopha se sa Kgatla se ne sa nna le tlhotlheletso ka bonako mo kgaolong mme leina la sone la nna seka-Kgatla.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMatemba2003|Matemba 2003]], p.&#x20;53.</ref>Masole a Borithane a a neng a eteletswe pele ke [[:en:Charles_Warren|Charles Warren]] a ne a goroga ka ngwaga wa 1891 go tlhoma tshireletso semmuso.<ref name=":29" /> Puso ya yone e ne ya tlhalosiwa, mme ga tlhomiwa mookamedi go nna tlhogo ya yone. Mookamedi o ne a fiwa dithata tse di anameng mo tshireletsong, fa fela a ne a tlotla molao wa morafe o o neng o tlhomilwe pele.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;45.</ref> Motsemogolo wa yone e ne e le toropo ya Aforika Borwa ya Vryburg, go supa gore babusi ba bokoloniale ba ne ba sa nne mo tshireletsong mme ba ne ba sa amege ka tlhamalalo mo mererong ya yona.<ref name=":33">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;41.</ref>Go na le moo, mookamedi yo mogolo o ne a dira ka bathusa-baokamedi ba babedi, mme mookamedi wa kgaolo o ne a tlhofofatsa go ikgolaganya le merafe e e farologaneng.<ref name=":35">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;229.</ref> Go tsenngwa ga puso ya Borithane mo Aforikaborwa go ne go raya gore Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland e ne e ikaegile ka yona mo itsholelong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;162.</ref> Puso ya Borithane e ne e dumela gore Bechuanaland Protectorate ke setheo sa nakwana fela mme e ne e solofetse gore e tla tloga e tsewa ke kolone ya Borithane.<ref name=":37">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;115.</ref> Fa go ntse jalo, e ne e dumela gore tshireletso e e kgonang go itshedisa e tla ja madi a mannye go e tlhokomela.<ref name=":30" /><ref name=":41">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;108.</ref> Ka ntlha ya mabaka a, puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya gapeletsa taolo e nnye fela e e tlhamaletseng ya Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland.<ref name=":23" /> Dikgosi di ne di akola dikgang tse mme tsa kgona go ithatafatsa le go ikhumisa; ba ne ba boloka boipuso jo bo anameng, fela tshegetso ya bokoloniale e ne e raya gore ba ne ba sa tlhole ba tlhoka tumelelo ya merafe go tshegetsa puso.<ref name=":36">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;41–42.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;66–67.</ref>[ Puso ya merafe e ne ya nna ya seemanosi, se se neng sa baka go gataka ditshwanelo tsa batho le go tlhaola basadi le merafe e mennye.<ref name=":38">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], pp.&#x20;161–162.</ref> === Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa tshireletso === {{Multiple image|total_width=300|image1=Chief-khama-III.jpg|image2=Sebele I by Fritsch 1865.jpg|image3=Bathoen I in london1895.jpg|footer=Khama III, Sebele I le Bathoen I, ba ba neng ba kgona go tlhotlheletsa puso ya Borithane gore e se ka ya tsenya Bechuanaland Protectorate mo taolong ya Khamphani ya British South Africa.|direction=Horizontal}} Batho ba lefatshe la Britain ba ne a rulagantse gore kwa bofelong ba akaretse Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland mo Kopanong ya Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":31" /> Mo dingwageng morago ga go tlhamiwa ga tshireletso, United Kingdom e ne ya tsena mo dipuisanong le Cecil Rhodes go e tsenya mo [[:en:British_South_Africa_Company|komponeng ya Aforika Borwa ya Borithane]].<ref name=":27" /> Fa ba araba, dikgosi tse tharo tse di nang le tlhotlheletso thata—Khama wa boraro wa Ba-Ngwato, Sebele Iwa ntlha wa Ba-Kwena, le Bathoen wa ntlha wa Ba-Ngwaketse—ba ne ba tsaya loeto lwa bodipolomate go ya kwa lefatsheng la United Kingdom ka ngwaga wa1895 mme ba dira gore puso e se ka ya wetsa tumalano eo.<ref name=":33" /><ref name=":39">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xvii.</ref>Se se ne sa tlhoma sekao sa dikgosi tse di dirisanang le makgoa a lefatshe la Briritsh jaaka setlhopha se se kopaneng<ref name=":40">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;704.</ref> mme sa kwala batho ba bararo ba jaaka batho ba ntlha mo ditsong tsa Botswana jaaka setšhaba se le sengwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;29.</ref> Tsela e Rhodes a neng a tshwara [[:en:Jameson_Raid|Jameson Raid]] ka yone e e neng ya palelwa e ne ya kgoba makgowa a lefatshe la British marapo mme dipuisano tsa busediwa morago go ya go ile.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;30–31.</ref> Go ketekwa ga dikgosi tse go ne ga felela ka go gatisiwa ga Dikgosi tse Tharo tse dikgolo tsa Aforika: ''Khamé'', ''Sebéle'' le ''Bathoeng'' ke Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa lefatshe la London ka one ngwaga oo. Mokwalo o o [[:en:Founding_myth|tlhagisitse tlhamane]] e e simolotseng ya gore merafe ya bone e meraro ka go farologana e tlhodilwe ke bakaulengwe ba bararo.<ref name=":42">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFParsons2006|Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;670.</ref> Gape ka ngwaga wa 1895, motsemogolo o ne wa fudusiwa go tswa kwa Vryburg go ya kwa toropong e nngwe ya Aforika Borwa, [[:en:Mafeking|Mafeking]],<ref name=":33" />mme kompone ya Marope a Bogologolo e ne ya kwadisiwa go epa marope a pele ga ditso kwa Bechuanaland le Rhodesia go batla gauta.<ref name=":32" /> Tshireletso e ne ya amiwa thata ke go runya ga bolwane mo diphologolong ya Aforika ya dingwaga tsa bo 1890, ya latlhegelwa ke dikarolo tse dikgolo tsa leruo la yona le diphologolo tsa naga.<ref name=":39" /> [[:en:1890s_African_rinderpest_epizootic|Seporo sa tshireletso se agilwe ka]] [[:en:1890s_African_rinderpest_epizootic|ngwaga wa 1897]] jaaka mola o mogolo wa phetiso ya bokone–borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;226.</ref> Fa lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le tsosa [[:en:Pioneer_Column|setlhopa sa Babulatsela]] go ya ntweng le batho ba Ndebele, [[:en:Khama_III|Khama wa boraro]] wa Ngwato o ne a thusa ka go romela masole.<ref name=":43">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;32.</ref> Botswana e ne ya nna lefelo la [[:en:Jameson_Raid|tlhaselo ya ga Jameson]] ka 1896.<ref name=":39" /> Morafe wa Kgatla moragonyana o ne wa nna karolo ya [[:en:Boer_War|Ntwa ya Maburu]], o lwa mmogo le Sesole sa Borithane.<ref name=":43" /> Itsholelo ya pele ya bokoloniale ya Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland e ne ya nna e tshwana thata le itsholelo ya pele ga bokoloniale.<ref /> United Kingdom e ne e dirisa thata naga ya tshireletso jaaka tlamelo ya badiri, e fa Batswana ba ba neng ba fudugela kwa borwa go ya go bereka mo meepong dituelo tse di kwa godimo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;42.</ref> Makgetho le one a ne a tsenngwa, go simolola ka [[:en:Hut_tax|lekgetho la ntlwana]] ka ngwaga wa 1899, le le neng la emisediwa ka [[:en:Poll_tax|lekgetho la ditlhopho]] ka ngwaga wa 1909.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;43.</ref> Lekgetho la selegae le ne la tsenngwa moragonyana ka ngwaga wa 1919.<ref name=":44">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;31.</ref>Makgetho a bokoloniale kwa Tshireletsong ya Bechuanaland a ne a le kwa godimo go feta a dikoloni tse di mabapi, mme se sa dira gore batho ba le bantsi ba fudugele kwa borwa, mme dikgosi di ne tsa letlelela go abelana maatla ka bopelotshweu le baagi go ba rotloetsa go nna.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;43–44.</ref> Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la akanyetsa go kopanya tshireletso mo Aforika Borwa jaaka e ne e [[:en:South_Africa_Act_1909|kopanya dikoloni tsa yona tsa borwa jwa Aforika]], fela kwa bofelong e ne ya di kopanya ka itsholelo ka go tlhama Kopano ya Melelwane ya Aforika Borwa,<ref name=":39" /> ya kopana ka ngwaga wa 1910.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;137.</ref> Boloko bo ne bo dira gore tshireletso e nne le karolo tse pedi mo lekgolong fela ya lotseno lwa bokopano.<ref name=":44" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1910, merafe yotlhe ya Batswana e ne e amogetse Bokeresete.<ref name=":24" />Bechuanaland e ne ya romela masole a le makgolo a le mmalwa go thusa Sesole sa Borithane ka nako ya [[:en:World_War_I|Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya ntlha]].<ref name=":43" /> Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa London o ne wa iphitlhela o wela tlase ka nako eo, mme ka iketlo o ne wa latlhegelwa ke tlhotlheletso mo pusong e e neng e sireleditswe.<ref name=":42" /> [[:en:Sebele_II|Sebele wa bobedi]] o ne a nna kgosi ya Kwena ka ngwaga wa 1918, a tlhatlhama rraagwe, [[:en:Sechele_II|Sechele]] [[:en:Sechele_II|wa bobedi]]. Sechele II o ne a thulana le Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa London o o neng o laola, a letlelela go nna teng ga Anglican le go busetsa mekgwa e mentsi ya setso e e jaaka go nyala basadi ba le bantsi, go dira pula le ''[[:en:Bogwera|bogwera]]''. Sebele II o ne a tswelela ka kgwetlho ya ga rraagwe kwa Mokgatlhong wa Barongwa wa London, go ngongorega ga puso ya Borithane.<ref /> Puso e e gabedi ya dikgosi le tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e ne ya dira gore tsamaiso e nne thata, ka jalo tsamaiso e ne ya tlhama makgotla a mabedi a bagakolodi go lekalekanya balaodi bao.<ref name=":44" /> Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Batswana (moragonyana Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Aforika) le ne la tlhongwa ka ngwagawa 1919.<ref name=":35" />Kopano e ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya dikgosi le batho ba bangwe ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso mo tshireletsong e ne ya letla puso ya Borithane go utlwa le go laola merafe mmogo go na le ka bongwe.[<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;47–49.</ref>] Khama wa boraro wa Ngwato o ne a gana go tsaya karolo, a supa bokoa jwa tiragatso ya thibelo ya bojalwa mo morafeng wa borwa. Khama wa boraro o ne a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 1923<ref name=":45">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;230.</ref> mme a tlhatlhangwa ke [[:en:Sekgoma_II|Sekgoma]] [[:en:Sekgoma_II|wa bobedi]], yo o neng a direla go fitlha a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 1926.<ref name=":45" /> Morwa wa ga Sekgoma e bong [[:en:Seretse_Khama|Seretse Khama]] o ne a sa ntse a le lesea, ka jalo [[:en:Tshekedi_Khama|Tshekedi Khama]] o ne a nna mmusi.<ref name=":46">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> Tshekedi o ne a lemogwa jaaka moemedi wa merafe yotlhe ya Batswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;25.</ref> Fa Seretse a ntse a gola, Tshekedi o ne a gatelela gore a fiwe [[:en:Liberal_education|thuto e e gololesegileng]] go na le gore a romelwe kwa sekolong sa madirelo sa Rhodesia.<ref>Samatar 1999, p.&#x20;179.</ref> === Tlhabololo le tlhotlheletso e e oketsegileng ya Borithane === Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1920, kgosi Isang Pilane wa batho ba Kgatla o ne a okametse sekema sa ntlha se segolo sa tlhabololo ya metsi sa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland , a dira gore go epiwe metswedi ya metsi e le lesomethataro, mme di le supa tsa tsone di ne tsa nna ditlamelo tsa metsi tse di atlegileng. Tse e ne tsa tlwaelega thata mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di latelang fa puso ya Borithane e ne e kgatlhegela go atolosa itsholelo ya tshireletso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;70.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1930, Isang Pilane le Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Batswana ba ne ba dira gore dikhuti di nne tse di hapegileng, ka gonne di ne di sa tlhokomelwe ka fa tlase ga bong jo bo kopanetsweng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], pp.&#x20;699–700.</ref> Komelelo e e masisi e ne ya nna teng mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1930, ya bolaya go feta karolo ya masome a marataro mo lekgolong ya dikgomo tsa tshireletso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;69.</ref> Puso ya Borithane e ne ya tsaya karolo e e matlhagatlhaga mo pusong ya tshireletso go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1930.<ref name=":47">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;58.</ref><ref name=":41" />Mo ngwageng oo, e ne ya simolola go tlamela ka matlole ka tlhamalalo go tshireletso.<ref name=":48">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;63.</ref> Charles Rey o ne a tlhomiwa go nna molaodi wa Moagi wa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland, mme o ne a na le maikarabelo a go rulaganya itsholelo sešwa go dikologa dikgomo tsa go romelwa kwa ntle.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;55–56.</ref> Maiteko a go fetola tshireletso go ya kwa tlhabololong ya meepo le temothuo ya kgwebo a ne a lekwa mme a bona a kgarametswa morago go tswa mo dikgosing.<ref name=":37" /> Molaodi wa Moagi Rey o ne a thulana le kgosi Sebele wa bobedi, mme a dira gore a lelekwe ka 1931. Sebele II o ne a emisediwa ka morwarraagwe yo mmotlana, Kgari.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;79.</ref> Dikgato tse dingwe di ne tsa lekwa ke puso ya Borithane ka 1934 go thibela maatla a a sa laolweng a dikgosi morago ga go menolwa ga ga Sebele II. Dikgato tseno di ne tsa laela makgotla a bagakolodi a dikgosi di neng di tshwanetse go buisana le one mme di ne di batla gore puso ya Borithane e newe phitlhelelo ya direkoto tsa kgotlatshekelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;69–70.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;49.</ref> Kgosi [[:en:Bathoen_II|Bathoen wa bobedi]] wa Ngwaketse le moemedi Tshekedi Khama wa Ngwato ba ne ba ntsha kgwetlho ya semolao mo maitekong a. Le fa kgotlatshekelo ya Borithane e ne ya atlhola kgatlhanong le kgwetlho, dipholisi tse dišwa ga di ise di ko di tsenngwe tirisong ka botlalo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;72–73.</ref><ref name=":49">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;50.</ref> Dithibelo tse dingwe di ne tsa amogelwa ka kgoeletso ya bokoloniale go lekanyetsa bokgoni jwa dikgosi go lefisa makgetho le go gapa dikgomo tse di timetseng.<ref name=":39" /> Molaodi yo mošwa wa baagi, [[:en:Charles_Arden-Clarke|Charles Arden-Clarke]], o ne a tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa 1936 mme a dira gaufi le dikgosi.<ref name=":49" /> === Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa Ntwa ya Lefatshe II === Dipoifo tsa tlhaselo ya Jeremane kwa Bechuanaland di ne tsa gola pele ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi ka ntlha ya boemo jwa yone jwa togamaano fa gare ga dikoloni tsa Boritane tse di fa gare le tse di kwa borwa mo Aforika. Malatsi a le lesome le bongwe pele ga ntwa e itsisiwe, puso ya Borithane e ne ya tlhagisa naga e e sireleditsweng gore e nne e le mo seemong se se siameng, mme masole a sesole a ne a rulaganngwa. Malatsi a le manè morago ga gore Borithane e bolele ntwa kgatlhanong le lefatshe la Germany, Molaodi wa Moagi Arden-Clarke o ne a tshwara kopano le dikgosi kwa ba neng ba solofetsa go tshegetsa maiteko a ntwa ka botlalo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;32–33.</ref> Letsatsi le le latelang, khomišene e kgolo e ne ya ntsha kgoeletso ya [[:en:Emergency_powers|dithata tsa tshoganyetso]] tse di neng tsa e fa taolo e e feletseng mo tirong ya setšhaba mo tshireletsong, fela dikgosi di ne tsa itsisiwe gore di tla nna le maikarabelo a bontsi jwa tiragatso le go boloka kagiso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;33–34.</ref> Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi di ne di batlile go se go nne le tshusumetso epe mo bathong ba Bechuanaland, mme bontsi bo ne bo na le kakanyo e e sa tlhamalalang fela ya gore ntwa e ne e le teng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;34.</ref> Tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e ne ya ngotlega fa palo e kgolo ya baagi ba basweu ba ne ba ikwadisa mo Sesoleng sa Boritane. Ba ba neng ba setse ba ne ba tlhomile mogopolo mo thulaganyong ya tshireletsego fa go ka direga gore borwa jwa Aforika bo nne letlhakore le lengwe mo ntweng.<ref name=":50">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;35.</ref> Kgatlhanong le dikeletso tsa dikgosi, puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya rotloetsa Batswana ba ba neng ba eletsa go direla le Sesole sa Borithane go ikwadisa le Sesole sa Batswana sa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;38.</ref> Banna ba Batswana ba ka nna makgolo a supa ba ne ba ikwadisa le setlhopha seno.<ref name=":51">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;50.</ref> Go tlhokomela Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland go ne ga nna selo se se kwa tlase mo lefatsheng la United Kingdom ka nako ya Kwelotlase e Kgolo ya itsholelo le Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi,<ref name=":41" /> mme tshireletso ga e a ka ya amogela matlole ape go tswa kwa lefatsheng la United Kingdom ka nako ya ntwa.<ref name=":48" /> Mmusomogolo wa Borithane o ne o na le taolo e nnye mo Bechuanaland fa o bapisiwa le dikgaolo tsa one tse dingwe, mme maiteko a Borithane a go laola tlhagiso ya nako ya ntwa mo tshireletsong a ne a sa atlege.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;124.</ref> Ntwa e ne ya fetola thata itsholelo ya tshireletso fa e ntse e tswelela, ya tlhagisa tlhaelo, go aba dijo, le ditlhwatlhwa tse di kwa godimo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;123.</ref> [[:en:Profiteering|Go dira dipoelo]] le go [[:en:Price_gouging|fokotsa ditlhwatlhwa]] go ne go tlwaelesegile, mme puso ya bokoloniale, e e neng e sa kgone go gagamatsa [[:en:Price_control|ditaolo tsa ditlhwatlhwa]], e ne ya dirisa [[:en:Gentlemen's_agreement|ditumalano tsa banna]] le bagwebi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;138.</ref> Makgetho a ne a tlhatlosiwa mme mananeo a Letlole la Tlhabololo ya Bokoloniale di ne tsa fokodiwa kwa tshimologong ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi go tlhoma boipuso jwa matlole go tswa mo mmusomogolong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;125–126.</ref> Kgoeletso ya Taolo ya Madirelo a Leruo ya ntlha ya ngwaga wa 1940 e ne ya fetisiwa go duedisa dikgomo lekgetho, madirelo a a magolo a tshireletso, mme fela e ne ya kopana le kganetso e e boitshegang go tswa kwa Batswaneng le Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la kaorolokgolong ya lefatsa ya Europe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;136.</ref> Letlole la ntwa le ne le dira kwa Bechuanaland, mme le fa lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le solohetse gore meneelo e nne ya boithaopo, dikgosi di ne tsa dirisa taolo ya tsone mo merafeng ya tsone go pateletsa meneelo. E ne ya emisediwa ka lekgetho ka ngwaga wa1941, fela se se ne se sa ratwe thata mme sa itshupa se le thata go se diragatsa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;128–131.</ref> === Botsayakarolo jwa Batswana mo Ntweng ya Lefatshe II === [[Setshwantsho:Bechuanaland Boys cleaning Aa Guns in the Twilight after Action, Syracuse, Sicily Art.IWMARTLD4576.jpg|thumb|Basimane ba Bechuanaland ba phepafatsa Ditlhobolo tsa Aa mo Lefifing morago ga Tiragalo, Syracuse, Sicily, tiro ya botaki ya 1944 e e dirilweng ke [[:en:Leslie_Cole_(artist)|Leslie Cole]]]] Go thapiwa ga sesole go simolotse kwa Bechuanaland ka ngwaga wa 1941.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;34–35.</ref> Banna ba ka nna dikete tse tlhano le makgolo a matlhano ba ne ba katisiwa mme ba romelwa kwa ntweng mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse thataro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;44.</ref> Banna ba bangwe ba Batswana ba le dikete tse tlhano ba ne ba tsenelela ntwa ka ngwaga wa 1942.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;46.</ref> Ka kakaretso, masole a ka nna dikete tse lesome le bongwe go tswa kwa Bechuanaland a ne a lwa mmogo le Sesole sa Borithane ka nako ya ntwa.<ref name=":50" /> Ba feta dikete tse lesome ba bone ba ne ba direla mo Sesoleng sa Boritane sa [[:en:African_Auxiliary_Pioneer_Corps|Babulatsela ba ba Thusang ba Aforika]].<ref name=":51" /> Dikgosi ka tlwaelo di ne di na le tshwanelo ya go [[:en:Conscript|kwadisa]] masole, mme di ne di itlhokomolosa dikeletso tsa puso ya bokoloniale tsa gore tirelo ya sesole e nne ya boithaopo gotlhelele.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;44–46.</ref> Moemedi Tshekedi Khama wa Ngwato o ne a dira gore a se ka a ratwa ke batho ka go dirisa go tsenngwa mo sesoleng jaaka sedirisiwa sa taolo, a go dirisa sebetsa go didimatsa batshwayadiphoso le baganetsi ba sepolotiki.<ref name=":52">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;43.</ref> Banna ba ba neng ba eletsa go tila go tsenela bosole ka dinako tse dingwe ba ne ba tshabela kwa Aforika Borwa kgotsa kwa mafelong a a kgakala jaaka metlhaba ya [[:en:Okavango_Delta|noka e phatlallang ya Okavango]] le [[:en:Kgalagadi_Transfrontier_Park|sekgwa sa Kgalagadi]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;47.</ref> Ba bangwe ba ne ba dirisa dikgato tsa go itlhokomela ka bonako, jaaka go epa dikhutsi fa bathapi ba ne ba etela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;55.</ref> Dikgosi di ne di eletsa go dirisa go tsaya karolo ga tsone mo ntweng go bona ditshwanelo tse dingwe mo teng ga Mmusomogolo wa Borithane, mme di ne di tshaba gore go fenngwa ga Borithane go tla ba dira babusiwa ba Jeremane kgotsa Aforika Borwa, e leng phelelo e ba neng ba eletsa go e tila.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;39–40.</ref> Maiteko a ntwa gape e ne e le tshono ya go busetsa banna ba Batswana ba ba neng ba fudugetse kwa Aforika Borwa go ya go dira ditiro tsa meepo; dikgosi di ne di eletsa go fedisa mokgwa o mme di ne di ikutlwa di ka dira jalo ka go neelana ka ditiro tsa sesole.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;41–43.</ref> Dituelo dingwe tsa sesole di ne tsa diegisiwa go malapa a masole, mme ditekanyetso tsa thomelo kwa ntle di ne tsa tlosiwa ka nako ya ntwa, mme tsa baka go tsena ga madi kwa Bechuanaland.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;133.</ref> Fa go bapisiwa le ditšhaba tse dingwe tse di mo Mmusong wa Boritane, batho ba Bechuanaland ba ne ba amogela ntwa eo. Batswana ba le bantsi ba ne ba na le maikutlo a boikanyegi mo mmusomogolong kgotsa ba ikutlwa gore dikgatlhego tsa bone di a tsamaisana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;36–37.</ref> Dikgosi dingwe, jaaka [[:en:Kgari_Sechele_II|Kgari Sechele]] [[:en:Kgari_Sechele_II|wa bobedi]] wa kwa ga Kwena le Molefi Pilane wa ga Kgatla, ba ne ba ikwadisa ka sebele. Ba ne ba dira jaaka disajene tse dikgolo tsa masole, e leng maemo a a kwa godimo a a neng a le teng mo Batswaneng.<ref name=":52" /> Go ela kwa bokhutlong jwa Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi, puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya letlelela Batswana go nna le diteseletso tsa kgwebo le go dira mo teng ga naga e e sireleditsweng. Se pele se ne se lekanyeditswe batho basweu le makula.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;135.</ref> Setlhopha sa Dikgaolo tsa Dikhomišene tse di Kwa Godimo se ne se le kwa Botlhabagare go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1946 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1949.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;31.</ref> === Mokgatlho wa boipuso === [[Setshwantsho:1960 6d Bechuanaland Protectorate stamp.jpg|thumb|Setempe sa ngwaga wa 1960 sa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland se se nang le ditshwantsho tsa ga [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Kgosigadi Victoria]] le [[:en:Elizabeth_II|Elizabeth wa bobedi]], dikgosi tsa ntlha le tsa bofelo tsa Borithane tsa tshireletso .]] Bokhutlo jwa Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi bo ne jwa tla ka phetogo e kgolo mo setšhabeng. Dikgosi di ne tsa bonwa di se botlhokwa thata mo sebopegong sa loago, mme bontsi bo ne jwa tlogela dipolelo tsa bone tsa lefatshe lotlhe mo dikgomong tsa merafe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;51.</ref> Didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa setšhaba, jaaka lefatshe le badiri, di ne tsa dirwa tse di hapegileng le go dirwa dithoto.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;52.</ref> Phitlhelelo ya thuto e ne ya tlhola setlhopha sa batlhalefi ba ba [[:en:Liberalism|gololesegileng]] ba ba neng ba le kgatlhanong le puso ya dikgosi mme ba simolola go ipopela mafelo a bone a maatla mo mekgatlhong ya badiri le ditlhopha tsa baagi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;165.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1946, ke karolo ya bobedi mo lekgolong fela ya paoyotlhe ya baagi e e neng e na le tiro kwa ntle ga temothuo le ditirelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;57.</ref> Tshireletso e ne ya bona koketsego e kgolo ya dikelo tsa matsalo jaaka karolo ya bogare jwa [[:en:Mid-20th_century_baby_boom|ngwagakgolo wa masome a mabedi wa go tlhatloga ga masea]] mo dingwageng tsa morago ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi, e e neng e tsamaya le koketsego ya [[:en:Life_expectancy|dingwaga tsa botshelo]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;12–13.</ref> Tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e simolotse lenaneo la yone la ntlha ya tlhabololo mo tshireletsong, e leng lefelo la matlhabelo, ka dingwaga tsa bo ka ngwaga wa 1950.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;81.</ref> Maborithane, a santse a solofetse go kopanya tshireletso go nna Aforika Borwa, kwa bofelong a ne a phimola leano le morago ga tshimologo ya [[:en:Apartheid|Tlhaolele]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;24–25.</ref>Fa maiteko a simolola go tlhama tsela e ntšhwa ya isago ya tshireletso, tshireletso e ne ya bewa mo seemong sa go tlhoka maitseo, mme ga go na tsela ya go ya pele e e neng e bonala sentle.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFParsons2006|Parsons 2006]], pp.&#x20;672–673.</ref> Tshitshinyo nngwe e ne e le go e tsenya mo [[:en:Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland|Mokgatlhong wa Rhodesia le Nyasaland]], o lefatshe la United Kingdom e o tlhamileng ka fa tlase ga pholisi ya "tirisanommogo ya merafe e mentsi".<ref>Parsons 2006, p.&#x20;673.</ref> Fa mojaboswa wa Ngwato Seretse Khama a gola, mmusi Tshekedi Khama o ne a leka go tshwarelela mo pusong.<ref name=":53">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;696.</ref> Seretse o ne a nyala mosadi wa mosweu, [[:en:Ruth_Williams_Khama|Ruth Williams]], fa a ne a ithuta kwa lefatsheng la United Kingdom, mme se sa baka matlhabisa ditlhong mo lelapeng la segosi la ga Ngwato.<ref name=":46" /> Le fa kwa tshimologong setšhaba se ne se le kgatlhanong le lenyalo le, go sa ratweng ga ga Tshekedi go ne ga fetola maikutlo a Seretse.<ref name=":47" /> Kgang e ne ya tlhagisiwa mo kgotleng ka ngwaga wa 1949, mme puso ya ga Tshekedi e ne ya ganwa ka bontsi ke diketekete tsa batho ba ba neng ba le teng.<ref name=":53" /><ref name=":47" /> Tshekedi le batshegetsi ba gagwe ba ne ba tshabela kwa Kwena kwa botshabelo.<ref name=":54">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;89.</ref> Puso ya makgowa e ne e sa itshokele lenyalo la ga Seretse le mosadi yo mosweu. Ka maiteko a go ritibatsa puso ya Tlhaolele ya Aforika Borwa, e ne ya leleka banyalani ba mo pusong ya tshireletso ka ngwaga wa 1950. Se se ne sa tsosa mokgatlho wa bosetšhaba o o neng o gola mo gare ga baemanokeng ba ga Seretse mo pusong ya tshireletso, o o neng wa tlhagelela ka botlalo ka ngwaga wa 1952.<ref name=":37" /> Ka nako ya fa Seretse a ne a seyo, lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la baya molaodi wa kgaolo dingwaga di le nne pele ga e tlhoma Rasebolai Kgamane, motshegetsi wa ga Tshekedi, go nna moemedi.<ref name=":54" /> Morafe wa Ngwato o ne wa tsuologela go lelekwa ga ga Seretse.<ref name=":55">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;53.</ref> Batshegetsi ba gagwe ba ne ba kopa gore a bowe, mme go ne ga tsoga dikhuduego fa ba ne ba ganwa. Seretse o ne a feleletsa a letleletswe go boa ka ngwaga wa1956.<ref name=":56">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;90.</ref> Ka nako e, kgaogano e e gagametseng ya merafe mo Aforika Borwa ya Tlhaolele e ne ya thibela lefatshe la United Kingdom go e ritibatsa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;200.</ref> Mo nakong yotlhe ya mathata a go lelekwa ga ga Seretse, maatla a ne a tlogela bogosi mme a ya kwa mekgatlhong ya ditlhopho.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;91.</ref> Tshekedi le Seretse ba ne ba dira kagiso fa Seretse a boa, mme Seretse a nna moeteledipele wa ''nnete'' wa Ngwato, le fa lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le mo thibetse go nna kgosi ya semmuso.<ref name=":56" /> Ka thotloetso ya Borithane, morafe wa Ngwato o ne wa tlhama lekgotla la morafe, le Seretse le Tshekedi ka bobedi e neng e le maloko a lone.<ref name=":55" /> Merafe e mengwe e ne ya tlhoma makgotla a merafe a a tshwanang, a a neng a dira jaaka ditšheke tsa maatla a dikgosi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;26.</ref> Go ne ga sala letlhoo lengwe fa gare ga banna ba babedi ba: Tshekedi o ne a eletsa go boloka puso ya morafe le maatla a dikgosi, fa Seretse ene a ne a akanya ka puso ya batho ka batho ya boemedi le dikgosi tse di bokoa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;91–92.</ref> Selekanyo sa maatla a a beeleditsweng mo dikgosing e ne ya nna kgang e e neng ya baka dikganetsano thata mo mokgatlhong wa boipuso o o neng o gola, bogolosegolo mo bathong ba ga Ngwato le ba lelapa la ga Khama.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;93–94.</ref> Bechuanaland Protectorate Federal Party e ne e le lekoko la ntlha la sepolotiki le le neng la tlhamiwa mo kgaolong ya tshireletso fa le ne le tlhamiwa ke moeteledipele wa mokgatlo wa Ngwato [[:en:Leetile_Disang_Raditladi|Leetile Disang Raditladi]] ka ngwaga wa 1959. Le bopilwe thata ke batho ba maemo le batlhalefi, le ne le buelela kopano ya merafe ya Batswana. Lekoko le ne la palelwa ke go bona tshegetso mme la nna lobaka lo lokhutshwane.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;94.</ref> Ngwaga o o latelang, [[:en:Bechuanaland_People's_Party|Lekoko la Batho la Bechuanaland]] (BPP, moragonyana Lekoko la Batho la Botswana) le ne la tlhamiwa jaaka lekoko le le bogale thata, le le ganetsanang le puso ya merafe ya setso mme la bona boikuelo mo badiring ba bafaladi.<ref name=":57">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> E ne e eteletswe pele ke [[:en:Motsamai_Mpho|Motsamai Mpho]], [[:en:Philip_Matante|Philip Matante]], le Kgalemang Morsete.<ref name=":58">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xviii.</ref> BPP, e e neng ya tlhamiwa jaaka molekane wa Setswana wa lekoko la [[:en:African_National_Congress|African National Congress]] la Aforika Borwa,<ref name=":59">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;74.</ref> e ne ya tshegetsa boipuso jwa ka bonako le go fedisiwa gotlhelele ga bogosi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;27.</ref> Ka go tshaba gore BPP e tla nyatsa puso e e leng teng le go tshuba dikgotlhang le puso ya Tlhaolele ya Aforika Borwa, dikgosi le puso ya Borithane di ne tsa thibela bokgoni jwa yona jwa go kopana.<ref name=":57" /> Merafe ya tshireletso mmogo e ne ya bopa lekgotla la peomolao ka ngwaga wa 1961.<ref name=":37" /> Batho ba Kwena ba ne ba iphitlhela ba le ka fa tlase ga moemedi, [[:en:Neale_Sechele|Neale Sechele]], ka ngwaga wa 1963, se se rayang gore ba ne ba na le tlhotlheletso e nnye ya sepolotiki fa mokgatlho wa boipuso o ntse o gola.<ref name=":60">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;102.</ref> Leano la Tlhabololo la Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland la dingwaga tsa 1963/1968 le ne la kwalwa ka thulaganyo ya dipuisano ka ngwaga wa 1963, le tlhama tlhaloso ya boipuso jwa setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;26–27.</ref> Fa palo ya batho e ne ba sa dire sepe mo dipolotiking ka kakaretso, lefatshe la United Kingdom e ne ya nna nngwe ya mafatshe a a neng a etelela pele go bona boipuso. Ka go tshwenyega gore lekoko la BPP e ne e le e e tseneletseng thata, lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la rotloetsa moeteledipele wa yone yo o mo ratang, Seretse Khama, go tlhama lekoko la sepolotiki.<ref name=":59" /> Le fa Khama a ne a dumalana le mekgwa ya lekoko la BPP e e kgatlhanong le bosemorafe le ya lefatshe, o ne a le kgatlhanong le tsela ya yone ya go tlhoma dipolotiki le go amogela ga yone bojammogo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;96.</ref>O ne a dumela go tlogela go bolela ga gagwe mo bathong ba ga Ngwato go dira jaaka radipolotiki, a tlhama [[:en:Bechuanaland_Democratic_Party|Lekoko la]] [[:en:Bechuanaland_Democratic_Party|puso ya batho ka batho la Bechuanaland]] (BDP, moragonyana ya nna lekoko la Botswana Democratic ) ka ngwaga wa 1962.<ref name=":59" /> Lekoko la BDP e ne ya itlhoma jaaka "lekoko la dikgosi", mme ya amogela dikakanyo tse di amanang le puso ya merafe ya pele ga bokoloniale.<ref name=":30" /> Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la rotloetsa lekoko la BDP, le tlhaloganya gore le tla tshegetsa kgwebisano ya leruo ya motlha wa bokoloniale.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;149.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1963, kgosi ya Kgatla Linchwe e ne e le ene fela kgosi e e neng e le kgatlhanong le BDP e bile e na le tlhotlheletso ya sepolotiki, mme batho ba Kgatla ba ne ba rata lekoko la BDP, ka jalo o ne a nna a sa tsenelele mo dipolotiking.<ref name=":60" /> Thulaganyo ya phetogo e ne ya simolola ka lekoko la BDP e ne e solofetswe go busa Botswana yo o ikemetseng, mme puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya bereka le boeteledipele jwa lekoko la BDP go ba baakanyetsa go tsamaisa setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;78.</ref> Go ne ga tshwarwa bokopano ka ngwaga wa 1963 go okamela go tlhamiwa ga molaotheo o mosha. Dikgotlhang tsa ka fa gare ga lekoko la BPP di ne di raya gore lekoko la BDP e ne e na le tlhotlheletso e ntsi mo thulaganyong. Tshekedi Khama o ne a tlhokafetse ka nako e, ka jalo Bathoen wa bobedi o ne a nna moeteledipele wa lekoko le le neng le ema nokeng puso ya bofederale, a dumela gore le tla boloka puso e le mo diatleng tsa dikgosi. Lefatshe la United Kingdom le boradipolotiki ba Batswana ba ne ba tshegetsa puso ya bosetšhaba e e kopaneng ka gonne Botswana e ne e humanegile thata go ka kgaoganya dithoto tsa yona le ka gonne go tlhoka go kopanya dithoto go ne go tla dira gore e nne mo kotsing ya go tlhaselwa ke merafe e mengwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;97.</ref> Puso ya dikgaolo e e itsholetseng e ne ya itshupa e sa kgonege mo dipolotiking, ka jalo go ne ga dirwa tumalano ya gore dikgosi di tla bopa Ntlo ya Dikgosi, e leng setlhopha sa bagakolodi mo teng ga [[:en:Parliament_of_Botswana|Palamente ya Botswana]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;98–99.</ref> Dikgosi di ne di santse di le kgatlhanong le thulaganyo e, mme mo mokgatlhong o o neng o eteletswe pele ke Bathoen, Ntlo ya Dikgosi e ne ya fetisa tlhopo ya [[:en:No_confidence|go sa tshepe]] puso e ntšhwa, mme fela go tlhoka maatla a yone a sepolotiki go ne ga e thibela go dirisa phetogo e e nang le bokao.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;56.</ref> Molao wa Lekgotla la Kgaolo o ne wa fetisiwa jaaka tsela e nngwe ya go lekanyetsa maatla a dikgosi ka go tlhama makgotla a a tla okamelang kgaolo le toropo nngwe le nngwe,<ref name=":58" /> go dira gore mekgatlho e e tlhophilweng e e nne balaodi ba konokono ba selegae.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;78.</ref> Toropo ya [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]] e agilwe ka ngwaga wa 1965 mme ya itsisiwe jaaka motsemogolo o mošwa.<ref name=":59" /> E agilwe mo lefatsheng la puso ya Borithane, le le neng le tlamela ka lefelo le le sa tseyeng letlhakore le le neng le sa laolwe ke morafe ope .<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;16.</ref> [[:en:Constitution_of_Botswana|Molamotheo]] o ne wa tsenngwa tirisong ka one ngwaga oo.<ref name=":59" /> Ka se se tirisong, Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la fa tshireletso puso ya go ipusa.<ref name=":61">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;116.</ref> Ngwaga wa 1965 gape e ne ya bona go fetisiwa ga Molao wa Dikgotla tsa Dikgaolo o o neng wa fetola seabe sa bokoloniale sa molaodi wa kgaolo ka go se bofa mo makgotleng a dikgaolo a a sa tswang go tlhamiwa,<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;25.</ref> mme wa bona go tlhongwa ga Banka ya Tlhabololo ya Bosetšhaba e e neng e le ya puso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> Mpho o ne a kgaogana le lekoko la BPP go tlhama Lekoko la Boipuso la Bechuanaland (BIP) ka ngwaga wa 1965.<ref name=":62">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;32.</ref> E eteletswe pele ke Seretse Khama le [[:en:Quett_Masire|Quett Masire]], lekoko la BDP le ne la dira letsholo mo e ka nnang mo motseng mongwe le mongwe wa kgaolo ya tshireletso pele ga ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa kakaretso. Go farologana le batho ba bangwe ba sepolotiki kwa Bechuanaland, Seretse Khama o ne a na le boikuelo go ralala merafe e e farologaneng.<ref name=":60" /> Morago ga moo lekoko la BDP le ne la tlhophiwa go etelela puso ya ntlha pele.<ref name=":61" /> Lekoko la BPP le ne la gapa manno a le mararo fela mo lekgotleng la peomolao, mme lekoko la BIP le ne la palelwa ke go gapa epe.<ref name=":62" /> Morago ga ditlhopho, go ne ga tlhamiwa lekoko la [[:en:Botswana_National_Front|Botswana]] [[:en:Botswana_National_Front|National Front]] (BNF) jaaka lekoko le le kopaneng la kganetso ya BDP.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;32–33.</ref> E tlhomilwe ke [[:en:Kenneth_Koma|Kenneth Koma]], lekoko la BNF le ne la nna mmaba yo mogolo wa lekoko la BDP.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;109.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;31–33.</ref> Lekoko la BDP le ne la tlhopha Khama go nna tonakgolo ya naga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;204.</ref>Go farologana le makoko a mantsi a sepolotiki a a tlhomilweng mo Aforika, BDP e ne e le lekoko le le itekanetseng le le sa fetogeng go na le go nna lekoko le le kgatlhanong le bokoloniale.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBrown2020|Brown 2020]], p.&#x20;711.</ref> Morago ga go tlhamiwa ga yona, Ntlo ya Dikgosi e ne ya ntsha tlhopo ya go sa tshepe molaotheo ka ngwaga wa 1966, mme se sa dira gore go nne le letsholo la bosetšhaba la go tshegetsa molaotheo le le neng la bona tshegetso e e lekaneng gore dikgosi di fedise maiteko a tsone a go o gwetlha.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;100–101.</ref> Tshireletso e ne ya newa boipuso jaaka Rephaboliki ya Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1966.<ref name=":61" /> == Metswedi == sh4c4urcu28xa47vglrgoh5gasaajoa 52678 52668 2026-07-17T13:46:01Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52678 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ditso tsa lefatshe la Botswana''' di akaretsa tsa bogologolo le tsa ngwao ya kgaolo, go diriwa kolone ya [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Bechuanaland Protectorate]], le go nna Republic of [[Botswana]] gompieno. Batho ba ntlha ba motlha wa gompieno go nna mo Botswana e ne e le Basarwa, temothuo e tlhabolotswe dingwaga di ka nna dikete pedi, le makgolo a mararo a a fetileng. Batho bantsho ba Bantu ba ntlha ba gorogile dingwaga di le makgolo mabedi morago ga loso lwa ga Keresete, fa [[Batswana]] ba ntlha ba gorogile dingwaga di le makgolo mabedi morago. Batswana ba ne ba kgaogana ka ditlhopha tsa merafe mo dingwageng tse di dikete tse di latelang fa diphudugo mo kgaolong di tswelela, tse di neng tsa baka [[:en:Difaqane|Difaqane]] mo lekgolong la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabobedi. Go amana le ma Yuropa ga ntlha go diragetse ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi lesome le borataro, mo go bakileng go diriwa Bakeresete ga batho ba kgaolo. Magosi a Batswana a a neng a na le thotloetso e kgolo a ne a ikopela go nna mo tlhokomelong ya lefatshe la [[United Kingdom]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabobedi le botlhano ka ba ne ba itemogela matshosetsi go tswa kwa [[:en:German_South_West_Africa|German South West Africa]] le mo Maburung. Batho ba Britain ba ne ba kgaoganya kgaolo go nna merafe e kgosi nngwe le nngwe e tlaa e etelelang pele, ba a fa dikgosi maatla a a fetang a ba neng ba na le one pele, mme ba ne ba nna le taolo e e lekanetseng fela mo lefatsheng. Puso ya Britain e ne ya nna le seabe se setlhagafetseng ka dinwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo. Lefatshe la Botswana le ne la ema nokeng go tsaya karolo ga Britain mo ntweng ya bobedi ya mafatshe, bontsi ba ne ba lwa e le bontlha jwa sesole sa [[Aferika|Aforika]] sa Auxiliary Pioneer Corps. Go lwela go laola go nnile teng ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a matlhano fa gare ga Kgosi ya [[Bangwato]] [[Seretse Khama]] le motlhatlhami wa gagwe [[Tshekedi Khama]]. Go nyala mosadi wa lekgoa ebong [[Ruth Williams Khama]] ga ga Seretse, go ne ga baka gore batho ba Britain ba mo thibele go nna mo [[Botswana]]. O ne a boa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a matlhano le borataro, ka a ne a na le kemo nokeng e kgolo, merafe e ne inaakanya le puso e e tlhophilweng fa letsholo la boipuso le tlhamiwa. Molao wa lefatshe o tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le motso, ga tlhamiwa diphathi tsa polotiki. Seretse o ne a nna moeteledipele wa [[:en:Bechuanaland_Democratic_Party|Bechuanaland Democratic Party]], e e neng e bueletswe ke puso ya Britain go busa morago ga boipuso, e ne ya nna le kemo nokeng e e tsitsibanyang mmele mo ditlhophong tsa ntlha tsa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le botlhano. Lefatshe la Botswana le ne la neelwa boipuso jo bo tletseng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro. Ka maikaelelo a a nonofileng, Seretse le phathi ya gagwe ba ne ba tlhama puso ya batho ka batho ya bophirima ba simolola go tlhabolola dikago mo lefatsheng le e neng e le lengwe la a a neng a humanegile thata ka nako eo. Go ne ga lemogiwa fa go na le diteemane ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabongwe, mo go neng ga bopa sesha itsholelo ya Botswana. Kompone ya meepo ya [[Debswana]] e tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi, lefatshe la Botswana la nna la itsholelo e e golang ka bofefo thata go gaisa a mangwe mo Botswana. Phathi ya sepolotiki ya Botswana Democratic e ne ya tswelela e le yone phathi e e busang go tswa ka nako ya boipuso go fitlhelela phathi ya [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] e fenya ditlhopho tsa [[:en:2024_Botswana_general_election|ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone.]] == Ditso tsa pele ga bokolone == === Ditso tsa pele === [[Setshwantsho:Tsodilo Hills rock paintings4.jpg|thumb|metako ya magaga kwa Tsodilo mo ditsong tsa pele]] Lefatshe la Botswana la gompieno e ne e le sekgwa fela dingwaga di le didikadike tse di lesome tse di fitileng, dinoka di ne di le ditona go fetisa gompieno, di tshela kwa [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi|letsheng la Makgadikgadi]].<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou, Thomas]]; [[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Campbell, Alec C]]. (1997) [1984]. ''[[History of Botswana]]'' (2nd&nbsp;ed.). Macmillan Botswana. ISBN[[:en:Special:BookSources/9991278087|&nbsp;<bdi>9991278087</bdi>.]]</ref> Batho ba sebopego sa ntlha sa Homo erectus ba ne ba nna mo kgaolong eo ka motlha wa lejwe.<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997,]] p.&nbsp;14.</ref> Didirisiwa tsa lejwe mo Botswana wa gompieno, di tshwana le dilepe, di tswa go o lowe, dingwaga di le didikadike di le pedi tse di fitileng.<ref name=":4">Denbow, James R.; Thebe, Phenyo C. (2006). [[iarchive:culturecustomsof0000denb|''Culture and Customs of Botswana''.]] Greenwood Press. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33178-7|<bdi>978-0-313-33178-7</bdi>.]] [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/62118271 62118271.]</ref><ref name=":0">Klehm, Carla (28 June 2021). "Archaeology of Botswana". ''Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History''. doi:[https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/61663/chapter/553401196 10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.792]. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-027773-4|<bdi>978-0-19-027773-4</bdi>.]]</ref> Phudugo go ya sekakeng sa Kalahari go akanyediwa fa e diragetse pele ga legato la borataro dingwaga di le dikete di le lekgolo, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro tse di fitileng.<ref name=":0" /> Letsha la Makgadikgadi le simolotse go fokotsega dingwaga di le dikete di le masome matlhano tse di fitileng.<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997, p.&nbsp;17.]]</ref> Bagolagolwane ba merafe e e sa amaneng ka gope ba ba bidiwang Basarwa fa ba kgobokantswe, ba ne ba nna mo Botswana wa gompieno, dingwaga di ka nna dikete di le masome mane go tsena masome a mararo tse di fitileng. Ba ka tswa e le bone batho ba ntlha go nna mo motlheng wa lejwe.<ref>[[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&nbsp;18, 23.</ref> Ba ne ba itlhoma go bapa le dinoka ka dipaka tsa komelelo, mme ba phatlalale le kgaolo ka nako ya dipula.<ref>[[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&nbsp;24.</ref>Go ne go itsewe fa ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a dikaganyeditseng [[letsha la Makgadikgadi]], ga mmogo le [[Tsodilo]] le GI.<ref name=":1">[[iarchive:culturecustomsof0000denb|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&nbsp;xv.</ref> Batho ba bangwe jaaka ba [[Nata]], Shua le Xani, go dumelwa fa ba gorogile morago ga Basarwa.<ref name=":2">Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997, p.&nbsp;23.</ref>[[:en:Rock_art|Botaki jwa matlapa]] bo simolotse dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a mararo tse di fetileng,<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;58.</ref> Meepo ya specularite le hematite e simolotse ka nako e go tlhama dipente.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;48.</ref> Mo e ka nnang metsi otlhe a leruri a ne a amana le batho ba ntlha dingwaga di le 20,000 tse di fetileng.<ref name=":1" /> Thuto e e tseneletseng ya Aforika e e kwa borwa mo [[:en:Stone_Age|Motlheng wa Matlapa]] e ntse e lekanyeditswe.<ref name=":0" /> Batho ba ba farologaneng ba kgaolo e ne e le [[:en:Hunter-gatherer|batsomi-baphuthi]] ba ba neng ba sala ka ditlhopha tse dinnye mme ba dira kgwebo le ba bangwe.<ref name=":2" /> Go dumelwa gore setlhopha sengwe le sengwe e ne e le kokoanyo ya malapa a a sikanang a a neng a tshwere tshimo e e rileng, a eteletswe pele ke monna yo mogolo wa lelapa la tlhogo ya setlhopha.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;25.</ref>Banna ba ne ba tsoma diphologolo tse dikgolo, fa basadi ba ne ba phutha dimela le go tshwara diphologolo tse dinnye.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;24–25.</ref> Ditlhopha di ne di nyalana mme di dirisa thulaganyo ya magadi, xaro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;26.</ref> Mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le dikete tse tse di fetileng, batho ba kgaolo eo ba ne ba tla ka dikgomo le dinku mo Botswana wa gompieno mme ba simolola go dira dinkgwana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;35.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;8.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;28.</ref>Temothuo e ne ya tlhabologa ka nako e mme batho ba ne ba simolola go nna mo metseng, e e neng ya tlhatloga le go wela tlase fa seemo sa loapi le ditlhaselo tsa dikgomo di ne di dira gore phitlhelelo ya leruo e fetofetoge.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;29–30.</ref>Gareng ga dijalo tsa ntlha e ne e le [[:en:Pearl_millet|mmidi wa perela]], [[:en:Finger_millet|mmidi wa menwana]], [[:en:Sorghum|mabele]], [[:en:Bambara_groundnut|matonkomane a Bambara]], [[:en:Cowpea|dinawa tsa kgomo]], le dimela tsa lelapa la [[:en:Cucurbitaceae|cucurbits]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], pp.&#x20;8–9.</ref> Batho ba ntlha ba Bantu ba ne ba [[:en:Bantu_expansion|fudugela kwa kgaolong]] e dingwaga di le dikete tse pedi le dingwaga dile selete le makgolo a matlhano tse di fetileng, mme go kile ga dumelwa gore ke bone ba ba neng ba tlisa leruo la ntlha mo lefelong leno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;22–24, 28.</ref> [[:en:Kalanga_people|Batho ba Kalanga]] ke bone ba ntlha mo [[:en:Bantu_people|merafeng ya Bantu]] go nna mo Botswana wa gompieno, ba goroga c. 200 C.E.<ref name=":3">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;27.</ref> Bagologolwane ba morafe wa ntlha wa [[:en:Tswana_people|Batswana]] (bongwe ''Motswana'', bontsi ''Batswana'') go fopholediwa fa ba gorogile c. 400 C.E.<ref name=":3" /> Batho ba ba Bantu ba ne ba tlisa didirisiwa tsa tshipi le tsa kopore mo kgaolong mme ba nna mo ditseleng tsa metsi tsa leruri.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;9.</ref> Ba ne ba aga mafelo a bonno a leruri a matlo a ka nna lesome go fitlhela lesome le botlhano a [[:en:Pole-and-daga|dipale le mmu]] nngwe le nngwe, go na le dikago tsa nakwana tsa Khoisan e e neng e tsamayatsamaya thata.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;44–45.</ref> BaKhoisan le Bantu ba ka tswa ba ne ba gweba le go nyalana mo pakeng e.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;36.</ref> === Lekgolo la bosupa la dingwaga go fitlhela ka lekgolo la lesome le bone la dingwaga === Setlhopha sa batho ba Zhizo, batho ba Taukome, ba ne ba goroga mo Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwagakgolo wa bosupa mme ba nna fa gare ga [[:en:Shashe_River|Noka ya Shashe]] le [[:en:Serorome_River|Noka ya Serorome]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;54–55.</ref><ref name=":5">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;10.</ref> Go nna le [[:en:Glass_bead|dipheta tsa galase]] go supa kgolagano ya pele le [[:en:Indian_Ocean_trade|kgwebo ya Lewatle la India]].<ref name=":5" /> Palo ya leruo le le ruiwang mo Botswana wa gompieno e ne ya oketsega thata fa gare ga ngwagakgolo wa borobabobedi le ngwagakgolo wa lesome.<ref name=":4" /> Batho ba Tswana ba ne ba ithulaganya go nna mofuta wa puso ya morafe, e e bidiwang ''morafe'' (bontsi merafe), mongwe le mongwe o eteletswe pele ke kgosi e e bidiwang ''[[:en:Kgosi|kgosi]]'' (bontsi dikgosi).<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;28.</ref> Tsamaiso e e ne ya tlhagisa puso e e nang le maemo a a kwa godimo fa e bapisiwa le tse dingwe mo kgaolong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;40.</ref> Dikgomo di ne tsa nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya setšhaba mo kgaolong, mme go nna mong wa dikgomo go ne go supa maemo a motho.<ref name=":6">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;11.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;46.</ref> Ditso tsa bogologolo tsa batho ba Tswana e sa ntse e sa itsiwe thata ka gonne go setse bosupi jo bonnye jwa baepi ba dilo tsa bogologolo.<ref name=":3" /> Ditsela tsa kgwebo di ne di golaganya merafe go ralala [[:en:Kalahari_Desert|Sekaka sa Kalahari]] ka makgolo ale borobabongwe morago ga ga Keresete,<ref name=":1" /> mme go ne ga tlhamiwa motseletsele wa ditsela go ralala kgaolo yotlhe mo lekgolong le le latelang la dingwaga, mme tsa fitlha kwa setlhoeng kwa Lewatleng la India.<ref name=":6" /><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;44.</ref> Bangwe ba batho ba Eiland ba ne ba fuduga go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa ya gompieno go tsena mo Botswana wa gompieno mo bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;64.</ref> Batho ba Toutswe, ba bangwe ba morafe wa Zhizo, ba ne ba fudugela kwa Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bongwe mme ba nna setlhopha se se nonofileng go gaisa mo kgaolong, ba bona khumo ya bona ka go nna le dikgomo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;13.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;56.</ref> Go ne ga agiwa metse e meraro ya Ba-Toutswe kwa [[:en:Bosutswe|Bosutswe]], Sung, le [[:en:Toutswemogala|Toutswemogala]], mongwe le mongwe wa bone o ne o busa metse e mennye e e neng e e dikologile.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;57.</ref> Ka ngwagakgolo wa bo 12, Ba-Toutswe ba ne ba anametse kwa Sekakeng sa Kalahari.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;60.</ref> Boleng jwa ditlhagiswa bo ne jwa fetogafetoga fa kgwebisano e ntse e atolosiwa le ditšhaba di sele mme go ribololwa ga gauta go ne ga diragala, go fokotsa kgatlhego mo ditlhagisweng tsa sebilo le tsa diphologolo jaaka lonaka lwa tlou.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;27–28.</ref> Morafe mongwe kwa Tsodilo o ne o na le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo kgwebong ya sebilo go fitlha e wa kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le bobedi la dingwaga.<ref name=":7">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;27.</ref> Merafe e e kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Botswana e ne e le kgakala le ditiragalo tse mme e ne ya sala e sa amege thata.<ref name=":8">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;28.</ref> Baagisani ba Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bongwe le wa lesome le bobedi e ne e le batho ba [[:en:Leopard's_Kopje|Leopard's Kopje]] kwa botlhaba.<ref name=":9">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], pp.&#x20;12–13.</ref> <ref name=":10">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;61.</ref>Ba tlhomilwe la ntlha kwa [[:en:Bambandyanalo|Bambandyanalo]], ba ne ba nna batho ba bagolo mo kgwebong ya kgaolo mme ba fudugela kwa Mapungubwe kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bongwe kwa ba neng ba bopa [[:en:Kingdom_of_Mapungubwe|Bogosi jwa Mapungubwe]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;67–68.</ref> Ba ne ba bonela pele tlhotlheletso go ralala kgaolo fa gare ga ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bobedi.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /> Batho ba Okavango Delta le batho ba Tsodilo mme morago ba ne ba patelesega go tlogela mafelo a bone a bodulo mo nakong e, se se ka tswang se bakilwe ke gore ba ne ba kgaotswe mo ditseleng tse dikgolo tsa kgwebo. Ke batho ba Khoe fela ba ba neng ba nna mo lefelong leo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou & Campbell 1997]], pp. 46, 81.</ref>Mapungubwe e ne ya wa ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro,<ref name=":11">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;14.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;69.</ref> mme metse ya Toutswe, e e neng e kgaotswe mo kgwebong, e ne ya wa mo nako e le nngwe.<ref name=":10" />Batho ba Mambo ba ne ba nna go dikologa [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]] ya gompieno mme ba nna le tlhotlheletso mo tikologong ya nako e.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;80.</ref> Batho ba segompieno ba Tswana, [[:en:Khalagari_people|Khalagari]], le [[:en:Sotho_people|Sotho]] ba simolotse go bopega kwa kgaolong ya Transvaal mo e ka nnang ka lekgolo la lesome le bobedi la dingwaga.<ref name=":12">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;89.</ref> Ba-Khalagari ba ne ba fudugela kwa bophirima kwa lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang borwabotlhaba jwa Botswana.<ref name=":13">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;96.</ref> Batho ba Fokeng le bone ba ne ba tlhagelela kwa bophirima ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bobedi,<ref name=":14">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;93.</ref> mme batho ba Moloko ba ne ba tlhagelela ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro.<ref name=":12" /> Morafe wa tshimologo wa BaTswana, losika lwa bogosi lwa Phofu, o tlhodilwe kwa kgaolong ya Transvaal ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro ke Mogale. Mo makgolong a dingwaga a a latelang, e ne ya kgaogana go nna merafe e le mmalwa ya Batswana, go akaretsa le merafe ya Bahurutshe, [[:en:Kwena_people|Kwena]], [[:en:Ngwaketse_people|Ngwaketse]], [[:en:Ngwato_people|Ngwato]], Tlharo, le batho ba ba [[:en:Ngwato_people|Kgatla]].<ref name=":13" /> [[:en:Kingdom_of_Zimbabwe|Bogosi jwa Zimbabwe]] bo ne jwa tlhagelela mme jwa ema mo boemong jwa Mapungubwe e le maatla a kgaolo ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro fa batho ba Gumanye ba ne ba nna le tlhotlheletso mo toropong ya [[:en:Great_Zimbabwe|Great Zimbabwe]], e e neng ya kgona go laola kgwebisano gaufi thata ka lefatshe la yone le le botlhokwa le ditsompelo tsa yone le go nna gaufi le lebopo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;77–78.</ref> Zimbabwe e ne e laola merafe e mentsi e e neng e le teng mo lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang bokonebotlhaba jwa Botswana,<ref name=":15">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xvi.</ref> mme kgwebisano ya gauta e ne ya nna selo se se neng se tlhotlheletsa itsholelo ya kgaolo eo.<ref name=":11" /> Zimbabwe e ne e latlhegelwa ke tlhotlheletso kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le bone la dingwaga, mme e ne ya wela mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> Dinaga tse dingwe di le mmalwa di ne tsa tlhagelela morago ga go wa ga yone. [[:en:Kingdom_of_Butua|Bogosi jwa Butua]], jo bo neng jwa bopiwa ke [[:en:Kalanga_people|merafe ya Kalanga]], bo ne jwa tsaya maemo a Zimbabwe mo molelwaneng wa gompieno wa Botswana–Zimbabwe.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":15" /><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;98–100.</ref> Batho ba Tswana le [[:en:Pedi_people|Bapedi]] ba ne ba latela batho ba Khalagari kwa bophirima mo e ka nnang kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le bone<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> mme [[:en:Rolong_people|batho ba Rolong]] ba ne ba kgaogana ka fa tlase ga puso ya ga Morolong.<ref name=":13" /> Kgosi Masilo go bolelwa fa a ne a busa merafe yotlhe ya bophirima jwa Tswana ka nako e, go fitlhela batho ba Tlharo ba kgaogana le puso ya gagwe. Morago ga moo go bolelwa fa lefelo le le ne le busiwa ke Malope kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga.<ref name=":14" /> === Lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga go fitlha ka lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga === [[Setshwantsho:Campbell - Thlapingkaptein en sy vrou.png|thumb|Setshwantsho sa monna wa Motswana le mosadi wa gagwe mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1800]] Batho ba baTswana ba ne ba fuduga fa gare ga Botswana wa gompieno ka ba ne ba fudusiwa ke batho ba naga le batho ba mmuso wa ga mmamosadinyana go tswa kwa borwa,<ref name=":16">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;19.</ref> mme ba ne ba le teng go ralala Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwaga sekete le makgolo a le marataro.<ref name=":17">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;703.</ref> Morafe wa ntlha wa BaTswana, losika lwa ga Phofu, lo ne lwa wela tlase kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;104.</ref> Diphudugo tse dikgolo tsa batho ba Kalanga le Sotho–Tswana di diragetse mo lekgolong la lesome le botlhano le la lesome le borataro la dingwaga.<ref name=":11" /> Batho ba ba Kalanga ba ne ba laola lefatshe le le fa gare ga [[:en:Motloutse_River|Noka ya Motloutse]] le [[:en:Makgadikgadi_Pan|Letsha la Makgadikgadi]] go fitlhela ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabobedi.<ref name=":7" /> Batho ba Hurutshe, Kgatla, le Kwena ba ne ba kgaogana le losika lwa segosi lwa ga Phofu kwa kgaolong ya Transvaal mo gare ga komelelo le dintwa tsa boswa, mme kgabagare ba fudugela kwa bokone go ya kwa Botswana wa gompieno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;10.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;97.</ref> Batho ba Ngwaketse le ba Ngwato ba ne ba kgaogana le Bakwena ka ngwaga wa sekete le makgolo a matlhano le boraro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;105.</ref> Batho bangwe ba kgaolo ba ne ba nna mo Motlheng wa Bofelo wa Leje go fitlha mo e ka nnang mo lekgolong la lesome le borataro la dingwaga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;22.</ref> Batho ba Botswana wa gompieno ba simolodistse ditsela tse di telle tsa motsamao ko bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le bosupa, e tsamaelwa dikilometara tse makgolo go rekisa,go tsoma le go itsalanya le batho.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;108–109.</ref>Merafe e ne e kgona go kgaogana motlhofo abo e ipopa ka bongwe go tswa mo go ba bangwe ka gore dithoto tse dipotlana , le leruo tsa lefelo ne di kgona go tsmaisiwa motlhofo.<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":16" />Merafe ya botlhabatsatsi e ne e tshabellwa ke go kgaogana ka ntlha ya seele se se tona gareng ga toropo le ditshimo.<ref name=":18">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;392.</ref>Kgaogano gareng ga ditlhopa tsa baTswana e nnile mo gareng ga ngwagakgolong ya lesome le bosupa, e tlhalosa merafe ya segompieno.<ref name=":19">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;106.</ref>Merafe ya baTswana ba botlhabatsatsi e ne e nna e le maikaelelo a dintwa tsa [[:en:Griqua_people|batho ba Griqua]].<ref name=":18" /> Fa batho ba baTswana ba tswa bokone go ya Botswana wa borwa-bophirima wa segompieno ka ngwagakgolo ya lesome le bosupa , ba ne ba nna mo metseng e e neng e nna batho ba Kgalagari, ba ba tshwaetsa kgotsa ba ba ntsha. Batho ba ba Kwena le merafe ya bone ya lekala ba ne ba fudugela kwa Botswana wa segompieno ka fa tlase ga taolo ya [[:en:Kgabo_II|Kgabo wa bobedi]] ba bo ba nna gaufi le motse wa [[:en:Molepolole|Molepolole]].<ref name=":19" />Go ya ka setso sa molomo, bapatole ba e leng batho ba Herero le Mbanderu ba ne ba kgaogana go tswa mo bathung ba Mbunda ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bosupa fa ntwa tsa leruo la batswana le ne le phatlalatsa ditlhopa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;8–9.</ref> le batho ba Bayeyi ba ne ba fudugela kwa Okavango Delta go ya kwa nokeng ya Chobe ka ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;8.</ref>Mo mafelong a mangwe, batho ba Kaa ba ne ba kgaogana go tswa mo bathong ba Rolong le batho ba Khurutse ba kgaogana le batho ba Bahurutshe, fa ditlhopa tsotlhe di fudugela kwa bokone.<ref name=":20">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;107.</ref>Batho ba Bashaga ba ne ba kopana le batho ba Kgalagari ko bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;110.</ref> State sa ntlha sa Tswana se tlhamilwe ke batho ba Ngwaketse bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi. Si state tse dingwe tsa Tswana di ne tsa tlhamiwa ka go latelana ke batho ba ba Kwena, batho ba Ngwato le batho ba ba Tawana mo dingwageng tse lesome tse nne di latela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;113.</ref> Ka se go ne ga tla ditlhabololo tsa ''mophato (''bontsi ''mephato),'' mephato ya sesole e e rulagantsweng k a dingwaga tsa setlhopa, gareng ga batho ba Tswana ba bophirima mo dingwageng tsa sekete le makgolo a supa le masome a matlhano''.''<ref name=":21">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;386.</ref>Batho ba le babedi ba Kgatla , batho ba Kgafela le batho ba ba Tlokwa, ba tsene mo nakong e ba bo ba tsaa taolo mo tikologong ya [[:en:Pilanesberg|Pilanesberg]] mo Aforika Borewng wa segompieno. Ba ne ba laola ka thata bontsi jwa batho mo lefelong leo mme ebile ba fentse dintwa tse pedi le batho ba Fokeng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], pp.&#x20;390–391.</ref>Tiriso ya mephato e ne ya phatlatsega kwa bathong ba Tswana ba kwa botlhaba kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo.<ref name=":21" />E ne e sa amogelwa go phutologilwe mo borwa === Difaqane === [[:en:Difaqane|Difaqane]], nako ya dintwa le phuduso mo borwa jwa Aforika , e diragetse kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi le tshimologo ya ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabongwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;17.</ref> Mo nakong ye, batho ba baTswana ba ne ba le mo '''kgonegong''' ya dintwa ke ditlhopa di le dintsi ,di akaretsa [[:en:Northern_Ndebele_people|Ndebele]], ba [[:en:Kololo_people|Kololo]], ba [[:en:Ngoni_people|Ngoni]],<ref name=":8" /> ba Pedi, le ba [[:en:Voortrekker|Voortrekkers]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;391.</ref>Bontsi jwa ditlhopa tsa ba Tswana di itlhopetse go boela morago ko ntlheng ga go lwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;394.</ref>Sese ne sa trigger phudugo e e extensive e e ralalang lefelo, go baka gore morafe wa ba Tswana o phatlalale thata abo o simolodisa bolengteng jo bo nonofileng gareng ga territory ya Botswana wa segompieno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;25.</ref>Ba ne ba nna thata mo [[:en:Hardveld|nageng e e thata]] e e dirang kgaolo ya botlhaba jwa Botswana wa gompieno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;29.</ref> Batho ba Kwena le ba Ngwaketse ba ne ba fuduga go tswa kwa motseng wa [[:en:South_African_Republic|Transvaal]] go ya kwa ''lefelong la motlhaba''.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;18.</ref> Batho ba ntlha wa Kgatla go nna mo Botswana wa gompieno, batho ba Mmanaana, o ne wa fuduga go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le borobabongwe pele ga o nna kwa [[:en:Moshupa|Moshupa]] le [[:en:Thamaga|Thamaga]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMatemba2003|Matemba 2003]], p.&#x20;53, 56.</ref> Ke fela bangwe ba merafe ya Tswana ya bokonebophirima ba ba neng ba bolokwa mo go fudugeng kgotsa mo go kgorelediweng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;393.</ref> Batho ba Kololo ba ne ba tlhasela merafe ya Tswana ya bokonebophirima ka ngwaga wa 1826, ba pateletsa BaKwena le BaNgwaketse go tswa mo dikgaolong tsa bona ka go farologana. Sebogo, molaodi wa morafe wa Ngwaketse, o ne a tsosa banna ba le dikete dile nne mo ''mephatong'' ya bone mme ba dikaganyetsa Dithubaruba kwa Bakololo ba neng ba nna teng. Ba bolaya batlhabani le baagi, ba kobela ruri Bakololo mo kgaolong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], pp.&#x20;393–394.</ref> Merafe e ne ya tlhoma dinaga tsa yone gape ka dingwaga tsa bo 1840, ya tlhoma ditoropo le metsana e le mmalwa ya bogolo jo bo farologaneng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;31.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;693.</ref><ref name=":22">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;114.</ref> Puso e ne e ikaegile ka ''[[:en:Kgotla|kgotla]]'', kopano ya dipuisano e mo go yone kgosi kgotsa moeteledipele wa kgaolo a neng a utlwa matshwenyego a bontsi jwa baagi ba banna pele a tsaya ditshwetso.<ref name=":34">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;695.</ref><ref name=":23">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;77.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1880, batho ba Tswana le ba Khalagari ba ne ba dirile Botswana yotlhe ya gompieno dikolone.<ref name=":20" /> === Barongwa ba karolokgolo ya lefatshe ya Europe === Barongwa ba karolokgolo ya lefatshe ya Europe ba ne ba goroga lantlha mo Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwaga wa 1816 ka [[:en:London_Missionary_Society|London Missionary Society]]. Setlhopha se le tse dingwe tsa barongwa di ne tsa dira go fetolela dikgosi mo Bokereseteng le go aga dikolo tsa barongwa.<ref name=":24">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;38.</ref> Morongwa [[:en:Robert_Moffat_(missionary)|Robert Moffat]] o ne a baya motse wa gagwe wa borongwa mo molelwaneng wa Botswana wa gompieno jaaka sekgoreletsi kgatlhanong le Maburu gore ba se ka ba kgona go ya kwa teng.<ref name=":8" /> Moffat o gatisitse mokwalo wa ntlha wa puo ya Setswana o o nang le mokwalo o o tshwanang fa a ne a simolola go ranola dikwalo tsa Sekeresete le go kwala thanodi ya Setswana. Tesetamente e Kgologolo le e Ntšhwa ka bobedi di ne di kgona go balwa ka Setswana ka ngwaga wa 1857.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;57, 65.</ref> Batho ba Tswana ba ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabongwe ba ne ba dirisa dikgopolo di le mmalwa tsa itsholelo tse di neng di le sewelo mo borwa jwa Aforika, go akaretsa sekoloto, dikonteraka tsa tirelo, le thulaganyo ya ''mafisa'' ya bahumi ba adima bahumanegi dikgomo go ba ananya ka tiro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;701.</ref> Gape ba ne ba na le kgopolo ya dithoto tse di fhapegileng ka bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabongwe , mme banna ba ba nyetsweng le basadi ba ba nyetsweng ba ne ba na le tshwanelo ya ditshwanelo tsa lefatshe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;698.</ref> Banna ba ne ba disa dikgomo fa basadi ba ne ba lema dijalo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;31–32.</ref> Mabele e ne e le sejalo se se neng se lengwa thata mo kgaolong eo mo lekgolong la lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga. Naga e ne e le teng thata, fela komelelo e ne e raya gore temothuo e ne e sa tlhomama.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;34.</ref> Bagwebi ba lefatshe la Britain ba gorogile ka dingwaga tsa bo 1830 mme ba dira ditirisano le dikgosi.<ref name=":24" /> Go tla ga baagi ba karolokgolo ya lefatshe la Europe ba ba neng ba nna gaufi le foo go ne ga dira gore merafe ya Batswana e kgone go ikamanya le itsholelo ya lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;43.</ref> Kgosi [[:en:Sechele_I|Sechele]] [[:en:Sechele_I|wa ntlha]] wa batho ba Bakwena o ne a dirisa ditsela tse dišwa tsa kgwebo, a netefatsa taolo ya kgwebo ya lefatshe la Britain ya morafe wa gagwe.<ref name=":22" /> Morongwa wa kwa Scotland e bong [[:en:David_Livingstone|David Livingstone]] o ne a goroga mo Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1845, kwa a neng a tlhoma lekgotla la [[:en:Kolobeng_Mission|Kolobeng Mission]]. Se e ne e le tshimologo ya go nna le seabe mo go bokete ga karolokgolo ya lefatshe la Europe mo merafeng ya Batswana fa ba ne ba tlhoma ditsela tsa kgwebisano tsa dikontinente tse di farologaneng.<ref name=":15" /> Moaparo wa Bophirima o ne wa amogelwa kwa ditoropong go ralala ngwagakgolo otlhe mme o kopanngwa le diaparo tsa setso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;120–121.</ref> Mo maitekong a mangwe a go kgoreletsa Maburu, Livingstone o ne a fa batho ba Kwena ditlhobolo. Sechele e ne e le motho wa ntlha yo Livingstone a neng a mo sokololela mo Bokereseteng, mme morago ga moo kgosi e ne ya ithaopela go sokolola banna ba gagwe ba tlhogo a dirisa disefe tsa letlalo la tshukudu.<ref name=":25">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;29.</ref> Bogosi jwa Butua jwa batho ba Kalanga bo ne jwa wa ka ngwaga wa 1840.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;100.</ref> Batho ba Tswana ba ne ba lebana le kgotlhang go tswa mo ditlhopheng tse dingwe mo kgaolong, mme ya goroga kwa setlhoeng ka dingwaga tsa bo 1850. Batswana ba le bantsi, bogolosegolo merafe ya Kwena le Ngwato, ba ne ba lwa kgatlhanong le merafe ya Maaforikanere le ya MaZulu kwa botlhaba jwa Sekaka sa Kalahari.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;195.</ref> Ba-Kwena le Ba-Mmanaana ba ne ba lwantsha Maburu go tswa kwa Transvaal ka ngwaga wa 1852, ba sireletsa kgaolo ya bone mme ba fedisa go atologa ga setšhaba go ya kwa bophirima.<ref name=":26">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;396.</ref> Batswana ba ne ba bona ditlhopha tsa barongwa e le tsela ya go tshabela mo batlhaseding, ba rotloetsa go sokologela mo Bokereseteng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;196.</ref> Sechele o ne a kopa tshireletso ya lefatshe la Britain ka 1853 go fedisa dintwa tsa kgaolo, mme o ne a ganwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;107.</ref> Baeng ba Europa ba ne ba tlwaelesegile thata mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bo19 la dingwaga fa batsomi, batlhotlhomisi, le bagwebi ba ne ba batla dipoelo le go bona dilo tse di kgatlhang mo kgaolong eo.<ref name=":25" /> Ba le bantsi ba ne ba kwala [[:en:Travel_book|dibuka tsa maeto]] ka ga lefelo leo, tse e neng e le dingwe tsa dikgatiso fela tse e seng tsa thuto ka ga Botswana wa gompieno ka nako eo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;65–66.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1860, go fuduga go tswa mo kgaolong go ne ga oketsega fa banna ba Batswana ba ne ba tsaya loeto go ya go bereka kwa meepong ya Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;96.</ref> Go ribololwa ga Masimo a [[:en:Tati_Goldfields|Gauta a Tati]] go ne ga tsosa go batla gauta ga ntlha ga karolokgolo ya lefatshe la Europe kwa Borwa jwa Aforika ka ngwaga wa 1868.<ref name=":24" /> Kampa ya pele ya meepo e e neng ya tlhongwa ka dingwaga tsa bo 1870 e ne ya atologa thata fa e ne e nna lefelo le legolo la terena fa gare ga [[:en:Cape_Province|kgaolo ya Cape]] le [[:en:Bulawayo|Bulawayo]], mme ya nna toropokgolo ya ntlha ya Botswana, e leng [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;15, 29.</ref> Mo nakong e mo hisitoring ya Botswana, dikgosi tse dikgolo tsotlhe e ne e le Bakeresete.[92] Ntwa magareng ga Bakwena le BaKgafela ka ngwaga wa 1875.<ref name=":26" />Kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga di le lesome, kgosi [[:en:Khama_III|Khama wa boraro]] wa batho ba Ngwato o ne a gapa taolo ya kgwebisano ya Borithane mo bathong ba Kwena.<ref name=":22" /> == Tshireletso ya lefatshe la Bechuanaland == ''Setlhogo se segolo: [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland]]'' Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le tshaba tlhotlheletso e e oketsegang ya lefatshe la Germany mo kgaolong, mme e ne ya dumela go bopa [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland]].<ref name=":27">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom & Bolt 2018]], p. 40.</ref><ref name=":28">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;23.</ref> Makgowa a Britain a ne a eletsa go somarela tlhotlheletso ya yone mo merafeng ya Batswana, ka a ne a neelana ka kgolagano magareng ga borwa le bogare jwa Aforika.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;44.</ref> Dikgosi tsa Tswana di ne di tshaba go tsenelelwa ke [[:en:German_South_West_Africa|Jeremane ya Aforika Borwa Bophirima]] le [[:en:Afrikaners|Maaforikaner]],<ref name=":29">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;161.</ref> mme di ne di dumela gore tsela e nngwe ya taolo ya Borithane e ne e le bokoloniale jwa baagi ke Jeremane.<ref name=":30">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;694.</ref> Ba ne ba eletsa gape go tila go wela ka fa tlase ga taolo ya Aforika Borwa kgotsa moeteledipele wa meepo [[:en:Cecil_Rhodes|Cecil Rhodes]], le fa tshireletso e santse e iphitlhela e ikaegile ka Aforika Borwa mo itsholelong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;197.</ref> Kgaolo e ne e kgaogantswe go nna lefatshe la merafe le le busiwang ke dikgosi le [[:en:Crown_land|lefatshe la segosi]] le le laolwang ke United Kingdom.<ref name=":29" /> Merafe e borobarobedi e ne ya amogelwa ke Maesemane fa go ne go tlhodiwa protectorate. Tse nne tse dikgolo di ne tsa fiwa dipolokelo tsa merafe: Bakwena, BaNgwaketse, BaNgwato le BaTawana. Gape go ne ga lemogiwa tse tharo tse dinnye: tsa Kgatla, tsa [[:en:Tlokwa_people|Tlokwa]] le tsa ga [[:en:Malete_people|Malete]]. Ba borobedi, ba Tshidi, ba ne ba fiwa lefelo la polokelo le le kgabaganyang molelwane magareng ga naga e e sireleditsweng le Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;30n1.</ref> Fa maloko a merafe e mennye e e seng ya Batswana a ne a letleletswe go tsaya karolo mo setšhabeng le pusong ya Batswana, ba ne ba sa fiwa dipolokelo tsa merafe tsa bona.<ref name=":17" /> Go tsenngwa ga dipolokelo tsa merafe go ne ga fetola mofuta wa puso ya Motswana, ka merafe e ne e sa tlhalosiwe thata mo nakong e e fetileng mme e ne e ka atolosiwa kgotsa ya sutisiwa. Ka dikgaolo di kgaogantswe ka dipuso tsa merafe, baagi ba ne ba sa tlhole ba kgona go tswa mo morafeng motlhofo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;46–47.</ref><ref name=":31">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;24.</ref> Tshireletso kwa tshimologong e ne ya atologela kwa Ngwato, e fitlha go tswa go didikirii di le masome a mabedi le bobedi kwa borwa go ya kwa [[:en:Molopo_River|Nokeng ya Molopo]], mme e ne ya atolosiwa go ya kwa didikiriing di le lesome le borobabobedi kwa borwa go fitlhela kwa Nokeng ya Chobe ka ngwaga wa 1890.<ref name=":22" /><ref name=":32">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;30.</ref>Se se ne sa tlamela Maborithane ka badiri ba bantsi ka fa tlase ga taolo ya yona mme sa bopa sekgoreletsi se segolo sa go lekanyetsa bokoloniale jwa Jeremane.<ref name=":32" /> Batho ba bangwe ba Tswana ba ne ba nna kwa borwa jwa tshireletso mme moragonyana ba ne ba tsenngwa mo Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":28" /> Batho ba ga Kgafela ba ne ba nna kwa [[:en:Mochudi|Mochudi]] ka ngwaga wa 1887. Setlhopha se sa Kgatla se ne sa nna le tlhotlheletso ka bonako mo kgaolong mme leina la sone la nna seka-Kgatla.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMatemba2003|Matemba 2003]], p.&#x20;53.</ref>Masole a Borithane a a neng a eteletswe pele ke [[:en:Charles_Warren|Charles Warren]] a ne a goroga ka ngwaga wa 1891 go tlhoma tshireletso semmuso.<ref name=":29" /> Puso ya yone e ne ya tlhalosiwa, mme ga tlhomiwa mookamedi go nna tlhogo ya yone. Mookamedi o ne a fiwa dithata tse di anameng mo tshireletsong, fa fela a ne a tlotla molao wa morafe o o neng o tlhomilwe pele.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;45.</ref> Motsemogolo wa yone e ne e le toropo ya Aforika Borwa ya Vryburg, go supa gore babusi ba bokoloniale ba ne ba sa nne mo tshireletsong mme ba ne ba sa amege ka tlhamalalo mo mererong ya yona.<ref name=":33">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;41.</ref>Go na le moo, mookamedi yo mogolo o ne a dira ka bathusa-baokamedi ba babedi, mme mookamedi wa kgaolo o ne a tlhofofatsa go ikgolaganya le merafe e e farologaneng.<ref name=":35">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;229.</ref> Go tsenngwa ga puso ya Borithane mo Aforikaborwa go ne go raya gore Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland e ne e ikaegile ka yona mo itsholelong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;162.</ref> Puso ya Borithane e ne e dumela gore Bechuanaland Protectorate ke setheo sa nakwana fela mme e ne e solofetse gore e tla tloga e tsewa ke kolone ya Borithane.<ref name=":37">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;115.</ref> Fa go ntse jalo, e ne e dumela gore tshireletso e e kgonang go itshedisa e tla ja madi a mannye go e tlhokomela.<ref name=":30" /><ref name=":41">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;108.</ref> Ka ntlha ya mabaka a, puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya gapeletsa taolo e nnye fela e e tlhamaletseng ya Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland.<ref name=":23" /> Dikgosi di ne di akola dikgang tse mme tsa kgona go ithatafatsa le go ikhumisa; ba ne ba boloka boipuso jo bo anameng, fela tshegetso ya bokoloniale e ne e raya gore ba ne ba sa tlhole ba tlhoka tumelelo ya merafe go tshegetsa puso.<ref name=":36">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;41–42.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;66–67.</ref>[ Puso ya merafe e ne ya nna ya seemanosi, se se neng sa baka go gataka ditshwanelo tsa batho le go tlhaola basadi le merafe e mennye.<ref name=":38">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], pp.&#x20;161–162.</ref> === Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa tshireletso === {{Multiple image|total_width=300|image1=Chief-khama-III.jpg|image2=Sebele I by Fritsch 1865.jpg|image3=Bathoen I in london1895.jpg|footer=Khama III, Sebele I le Bathoen I, ba ba neng ba kgona go tlhotlheletsa puso ya Borithane gore e se ka ya tsenya Bechuanaland Protectorate mo taolong ya Khamphani ya British South Africa.|direction=Horizontal}} Batho ba lefatshe la Britain ba ne a rulagantse gore kwa bofelong ba akaretse Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland mo Kopanong ya Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":31" /> Mo dingwageng morago ga go tlhamiwa ga tshireletso, United Kingdom e ne ya tsena mo dipuisanong le Cecil Rhodes go e tsenya mo [[:en:British_South_Africa_Company|komponeng ya Aforika Borwa ya Borithane]].<ref name=":27" /> Fa ba araba, dikgosi tse tharo tse di nang le tlhotlheletso thata—Khama wa boraro wa Ba-Ngwato, Sebele Iwa ntlha wa Ba-Kwena, le Bathoen wa ntlha wa Ba-Ngwaketse—ba ne ba tsaya loeto lwa bodipolomate go ya kwa lefatsheng la United Kingdom ka ngwaga wa1895 mme ba dira gore puso e se ka ya wetsa tumalano eo.<ref name=":33" /><ref name=":39">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xvii.</ref>Se se ne sa tlhoma sekao sa dikgosi tse di dirisanang le makgoa a lefatshe la Briritsh jaaka setlhopha se se kopaneng<ref name=":40">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;704.</ref> mme sa kwala batho ba bararo ba jaaka batho ba ntlha mo ditsong tsa Botswana jaaka setšhaba se le sengwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;29.</ref> Tsela e Rhodes a neng a tshwara [[:en:Jameson_Raid|Jameson Raid]] ka yone e e neng ya palelwa e ne ya kgoba makgowa a lefatshe la British marapo mme dipuisano tsa busediwa morago go ya go ile.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;30–31.</ref> Go ketekwa ga dikgosi tse go ne ga felela ka go gatisiwa ga Dikgosi tse Tharo tse dikgolo tsa Aforika: ''Khamé'', ''Sebéle'' le ''Bathoeng'' ke Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa lefatshe la London ka one ngwaga oo. Mokwalo o o [[:en:Founding_myth|tlhagisitse tlhamane]] e e simolotseng ya gore merafe ya bone e meraro ka go farologana e tlhodilwe ke bakaulengwe ba bararo.<ref name=":42">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFParsons2006|Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;670.</ref> Gape ka ngwaga wa 1895, motsemogolo o ne wa fudusiwa go tswa kwa Vryburg go ya kwa toropong e nngwe ya Aforika Borwa, [[:en:Mafeking|Mafeking]],<ref name=":33" />mme kompone ya Marope a Bogologolo e ne ya kwadisiwa go epa marope a pele ga ditso kwa Bechuanaland le Rhodesia go batla gauta.<ref name=":32" /> Tshireletso e ne ya amiwa thata ke go runya ga bolwane mo diphologolong ya Aforika ya dingwaga tsa bo 1890, ya latlhegelwa ke dikarolo tse dikgolo tsa leruo la yona le diphologolo tsa naga.<ref name=":39" /> [[:en:1890s_African_rinderpest_epizootic|Seporo sa tshireletso se agilwe ka]] [[:en:1890s_African_rinderpest_epizootic|ngwaga wa 1897]] jaaka mola o mogolo wa phetiso ya bokone–borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;226.</ref> Fa lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le tsosa [[:en:Pioneer_Column|setlhopa sa Babulatsela]] go ya ntweng le batho ba Ndebele, [[:en:Khama_III|Khama wa boraro]] wa Ngwato o ne a thusa ka go romela masole.<ref name=":43">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;32.</ref> Botswana e ne ya nna lefelo la [[:en:Jameson_Raid|tlhaselo ya ga Jameson]] ka 1896.<ref name=":39" /> Morafe wa Kgatla moragonyana o ne wa nna karolo ya [[:en:Boer_War|Ntwa ya Maburu]], o lwa mmogo le Sesole sa Borithane.<ref name=":43" /> Itsholelo ya pele ya bokoloniale ya Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland e ne ya nna e tshwana thata le itsholelo ya pele ga bokoloniale.<ref /> United Kingdom e ne e dirisa thata naga ya tshireletso jaaka tlamelo ya badiri, e fa Batswana ba ba neng ba fudugela kwa borwa go ya go bereka mo meepong dituelo tse di kwa godimo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;42.</ref> Makgetho le one a ne a tsenngwa, go simolola ka [[:en:Hut_tax|lekgetho la ntlwana]] ka ngwaga wa 1899, le le neng la emisediwa ka [[:en:Poll_tax|lekgetho la ditlhopho]] ka ngwaga wa 1909.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;43.</ref> Lekgetho la selegae le ne la tsenngwa moragonyana ka ngwaga wa 1919.<ref name=":44">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;31.</ref>Makgetho a bokoloniale kwa Tshireletsong ya Bechuanaland a ne a le kwa godimo go feta a dikoloni tse di mabapi, mme se sa dira gore batho ba le bantsi ba fudugele kwa borwa, mme dikgosi di ne tsa letlelela go abelana maatla ka bopelotshweu le baagi go ba rotloetsa go nna.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;43–44.</ref> Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la akanyetsa go kopanya tshireletso mo Aforika Borwa jaaka e ne e [[:en:South_Africa_Act_1909|kopanya dikoloni tsa yona tsa borwa jwa Aforika]], fela kwa bofelong e ne ya di kopanya ka itsholelo ka go tlhama Kopano ya Melelwane ya Aforika Borwa,<ref name=":39" /> ya kopana ka ngwaga wa 1910.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;137.</ref> Boloko bo ne bo dira gore tshireletso e nne le karolo tse pedi mo lekgolong fela ya lotseno lwa bokopano.<ref name=":44" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1910, merafe yotlhe ya Batswana e ne e amogetse Bokeresete.<ref name=":24" />Bechuanaland e ne ya romela masole a le makgolo a le mmalwa go thusa Sesole sa Borithane ka nako ya [[:en:World_War_I|Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya ntlha]].<ref name=":43" /> Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa London o ne wa iphitlhela o wela tlase ka nako eo, mme ka iketlo o ne wa latlhegelwa ke tlhotlheletso mo pusong e e neng e sireleditswe.<ref name=":42" /> [[:en:Sebele_II|Sebele wa bobedi]] o ne a nna kgosi ya Kwena ka ngwaga wa 1918, a tlhatlhama rraagwe, [[:en:Sechele_II|Sechele]] [[:en:Sechele_II|wa bobedi]]. Sechele II o ne a thulana le Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa London o o neng o laola, a letlelela go nna teng ga Anglican le go busetsa mekgwa e mentsi ya setso e e jaaka go nyala basadi ba le bantsi, go dira pula le ''[[:en:Bogwera|bogwera]]''. Sebele II o ne a tswelela ka kgwetlho ya ga rraagwe kwa Mokgatlhong wa Barongwa wa London, go ngongorega ga puso ya Borithane.<ref /> Puso e e gabedi ya dikgosi le tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e ne ya dira gore tsamaiso e nne thata, ka jalo tsamaiso e ne ya tlhama makgotla a mabedi a bagakolodi go lekalekanya balaodi bao.<ref name=":44" /> Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Batswana (moragonyana Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Aforika) le ne la tlhongwa ka ngwagawa 1919.<ref name=":35" />Kopano e ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya dikgosi le batho ba bangwe ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso mo tshireletsong e ne ya letla puso ya Borithane go utlwa le go laola merafe mmogo go na le ka bongwe.[<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;47–49.</ref>] Khama wa boraro wa Ngwato o ne a gana go tsaya karolo, a supa bokoa jwa tiragatso ya thibelo ya bojalwa mo morafeng wa borwa. Khama wa boraro o ne a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 1923<ref name=":45">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;230.</ref> mme a tlhatlhangwa ke [[:en:Sekgoma_II|Sekgoma]] [[:en:Sekgoma_II|wa bobedi]], yo o neng a direla go fitlha a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 1926.<ref name=":45" /> Morwa wa ga Sekgoma e bong [[:en:Seretse_Khama|Seretse Khama]] o ne a sa ntse a le lesea, ka jalo [[:en:Tshekedi_Khama|Tshekedi Khama]] o ne a nna mmusi.<ref name=":46">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> Tshekedi o ne a lemogwa jaaka moemedi wa merafe yotlhe ya Batswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;25.</ref> Fa Seretse a ntse a gola, Tshekedi o ne a gatelela gore a fiwe [[:en:Liberal_education|thuto e e gololesegileng]] go na le gore a romelwe kwa sekolong sa madirelo sa Rhodesia.<ref>Samatar 1999, p.&#x20;179.</ref> === Tlhabololo le tlhotlheletso e e oketsegileng ya Borithane === Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1920, kgosi Isang Pilane wa batho ba Kgatla o ne a okametse sekema sa ntlha se segolo sa tlhabololo ya metsi sa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland , a dira gore go epiwe metswedi ya metsi e le lesomethataro, mme di le supa tsa tsone di ne tsa nna ditlamelo tsa metsi tse di atlegileng. Tse e ne tsa tlwaelega thata mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di latelang fa puso ya Borithane e ne e kgatlhegela go atolosa itsholelo ya tshireletso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;70.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1930, Isang Pilane le Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Batswana ba ne ba dira gore dikhuti di nne tse di hapegileng, ka gonne di ne di sa tlhokomelwe ka fa tlase ga bong jo bo kopanetsweng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], pp.&#x20;699–700.</ref> Komelelo e e masisi e ne ya nna teng mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1930, ya bolaya go feta karolo ya masome a marataro mo lekgolong ya dikgomo tsa tshireletso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;69.</ref> Puso ya Borithane e ne ya tsaya karolo e e matlhagatlhaga mo pusong ya tshireletso go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1930.<ref name=":47">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;58.</ref><ref name=":41" />Mo ngwageng oo, e ne ya simolola go tlamela ka matlole ka tlhamalalo go tshireletso.<ref name=":48">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;63.</ref> Charles Rey o ne a tlhomiwa go nna molaodi wa Moagi wa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland, mme o ne a na le maikarabelo a go rulaganya itsholelo sešwa go dikologa dikgomo tsa go romelwa kwa ntle.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;55–56.</ref> Maiteko a go fetola tshireletso go ya kwa tlhabololong ya meepo le temothuo ya kgwebo a ne a lekwa mme a bona a kgarametswa morago go tswa mo dikgosing.<ref name=":37" /> Molaodi wa Moagi Rey o ne a thulana le kgosi Sebele wa bobedi, mme a dira gore a lelekwe ka 1931. Sebele II o ne a emisediwa ka morwarraagwe yo mmotlana, Kgari.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;79.</ref> Dikgato tse dingwe di ne tsa lekwa ke puso ya Borithane ka 1934 go thibela maatla a a sa laolweng a dikgosi morago ga go menolwa ga ga Sebele II. Dikgato tseno di ne tsa laela makgotla a bagakolodi a dikgosi di neng di tshwanetse go buisana le one mme di ne di batla gore puso ya Borithane e newe phitlhelelo ya direkoto tsa kgotlatshekelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;69–70.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;49.</ref> Kgosi [[:en:Bathoen_II|Bathoen wa bobedi]] wa Ngwaketse le moemedi Tshekedi Khama wa Ngwato ba ne ba ntsha kgwetlho ya semolao mo maitekong a. Le fa kgotlatshekelo ya Borithane e ne ya atlhola kgatlhanong le kgwetlho, dipholisi tse dišwa ga di ise di ko di tsenngwe tirisong ka botlalo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;72–73.</ref><ref name=":49">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;50.</ref> Dithibelo tse dingwe di ne tsa amogelwa ka kgoeletso ya bokoloniale go lekanyetsa bokgoni jwa dikgosi go lefisa makgetho le go gapa dikgomo tse di timetseng.<ref name=":39" /> Molaodi yo mošwa wa baagi, [[:en:Charles_Arden-Clarke|Charles Arden-Clarke]], o ne a tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa 1936 mme a dira gaufi le dikgosi.<ref name=":49" /> === Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa Ntwa ya Lefatshe II === Dipoifo tsa tlhaselo ya Jeremane kwa Bechuanaland di ne tsa gola pele ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi ka ntlha ya boemo jwa yone jwa togamaano fa gare ga dikoloni tsa Boritane tse di fa gare le tse di kwa borwa mo Aforika. Malatsi a le lesome le bongwe pele ga ntwa e itsisiwe, puso ya Borithane e ne ya tlhagisa naga e e sireleditsweng gore e nne e le mo seemong se se siameng, mme masole a sesole a ne a rulaganngwa. Malatsi a le manè morago ga gore Borithane e bolele ntwa kgatlhanong le lefatshe la Germany, Molaodi wa Moagi Arden-Clarke o ne a tshwara kopano le dikgosi kwa ba neng ba solofetsa go tshegetsa maiteko a ntwa ka botlalo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;32–33.</ref> Letsatsi le le latelang, khomišene e kgolo e ne ya ntsha kgoeletso ya [[:en:Emergency_powers|dithata tsa tshoganyetso]] tse di neng tsa e fa taolo e e feletseng mo tirong ya setšhaba mo tshireletsong, fela dikgosi di ne tsa itsisiwe gore di tla nna le maikarabelo a bontsi jwa tiragatso le go boloka kagiso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;33–34.</ref> Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi di ne di batlile go se go nne le tshusumetso epe mo bathong ba Bechuanaland, mme bontsi bo ne bo na le kakanyo e e sa tlhamalalang fela ya gore ntwa e ne e le teng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;34.</ref> Tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e ne ya ngotlega fa palo e kgolo ya baagi ba basweu ba ne ba ikwadisa mo Sesoleng sa Boritane. Ba ba neng ba setse ba ne ba tlhomile mogopolo mo thulaganyong ya tshireletsego fa go ka direga gore borwa jwa Aforika bo nne letlhakore le lengwe mo ntweng.<ref name=":50">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;35.</ref> Kgatlhanong le dikeletso tsa dikgosi, puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya rotloetsa Batswana ba ba neng ba eletsa go direla le Sesole sa Borithane go ikwadisa le Sesole sa Batswana sa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;38.</ref> Banna ba Batswana ba ka nna makgolo a supa ba ne ba ikwadisa le setlhopha seno.<ref name=":51">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;50.</ref> Go tlhokomela Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland go ne ga nna selo se se kwa tlase mo lefatsheng la United Kingdom ka nako ya Kwelotlase e Kgolo ya itsholelo le Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi,<ref name=":41" /> mme tshireletso ga e a ka ya amogela matlole ape go tswa kwa lefatsheng la United Kingdom ka nako ya ntwa.<ref name=":48" /> Mmusomogolo wa Borithane o ne o na le taolo e nnye mo Bechuanaland fa o bapisiwa le dikgaolo tsa one tse dingwe, mme maiteko a Borithane a go laola tlhagiso ya nako ya ntwa mo tshireletsong a ne a sa atlege.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;124.</ref> Ntwa e ne ya fetola thata itsholelo ya tshireletso fa e ntse e tswelela, ya tlhagisa tlhaelo, go aba dijo, le ditlhwatlhwa tse di kwa godimo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;123.</ref> [[:en:Profiteering|Go dira dipoelo]] le go [[:en:Price_gouging|fokotsa ditlhwatlhwa]] go ne go tlwaelesegile, mme puso ya bokoloniale, e e neng e sa kgone go gagamatsa [[:en:Price_control|ditaolo tsa ditlhwatlhwa]], e ne ya dirisa [[:en:Gentlemen's_agreement|ditumalano tsa banna]] le bagwebi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;138.</ref> Makgetho a ne a tlhatlosiwa mme mananeo a Letlole la Tlhabololo ya Bokoloniale di ne tsa fokodiwa kwa tshimologong ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi go tlhoma boipuso jwa matlole go tswa mo mmusomogolong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;125–126.</ref> Kgoeletso ya Taolo ya Madirelo a Leruo ya ntlha ya ngwaga wa 1940 e ne ya fetisiwa go duedisa dikgomo lekgetho, madirelo a a magolo a tshireletso, mme fela e ne ya kopana le kganetso e e boitshegang go tswa kwa Batswaneng le Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la kaorolokgolong ya lefatsa ya Europe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;136.</ref> Letlole la ntwa le ne le dira kwa Bechuanaland, mme le fa lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le solohetse gore meneelo e nne ya boithaopo, dikgosi di ne tsa dirisa taolo ya tsone mo merafeng ya tsone go pateletsa meneelo. E ne ya emisediwa ka lekgetho ka ngwaga wa1941, fela se se ne se sa ratwe thata mme sa itshupa se le thata go se diragatsa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;128–131.</ref> === Botsayakarolo jwa Batswana mo Ntweng ya Lefatshe II === [[Setshwantsho:Bechuanaland Boys cleaning Aa Guns in the Twilight after Action, Syracuse, Sicily Art.IWMARTLD4576.jpg|thumb|Basimane ba Bechuanaland ba phepafatsa Ditlhobolo tsa Aa mo Lefifing morago ga Tiragalo, Syracuse, Sicily, tiro ya botaki ya 1944 e e dirilweng ke [[:en:Leslie_Cole_(artist)|Leslie Cole]]]] Go thapiwa ga sesole go simolotse kwa Bechuanaland ka ngwaga wa 1941.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;34–35.</ref> Banna ba ka nna dikete tse tlhano le makgolo a matlhano ba ne ba katisiwa mme ba romelwa kwa ntweng mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse thataro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;44.</ref> Banna ba bangwe ba Batswana ba le dikete tse tlhano ba ne ba tsenelela ntwa ka ngwaga wa 1942.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;46.</ref> Ka kakaretso, masole a ka nna dikete tse lesome le bongwe go tswa kwa Bechuanaland a ne a lwa mmogo le Sesole sa Borithane ka nako ya ntwa.<ref name=":50" /> Ba feta dikete tse lesome ba bone ba ne ba direla mo Sesoleng sa Boritane sa [[:en:African_Auxiliary_Pioneer_Corps|Babulatsela ba ba Thusang ba Aforika]].<ref name=":51" /> Dikgosi ka tlwaelo di ne di na le tshwanelo ya go [[:en:Conscript|kwadisa]] masole, mme di ne di itlhokomolosa dikeletso tsa puso ya bokoloniale tsa gore tirelo ya sesole e nne ya boithaopo gotlhelele.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;44–46.</ref> Moemedi Tshekedi Khama wa Ngwato o ne a dira gore a se ka a ratwa ke batho ka go dirisa go tsenngwa mo sesoleng jaaka sedirisiwa sa taolo, a go dirisa sebetsa go didimatsa batshwayadiphoso le baganetsi ba sepolotiki.<ref name=":52">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;43.</ref> Banna ba ba neng ba eletsa go tila go tsenela bosole ka dinako tse dingwe ba ne ba tshabela kwa Aforika Borwa kgotsa kwa mafelong a a kgakala jaaka metlhaba ya [[:en:Okavango_Delta|noka e phatlallang ya Okavango]] le [[:en:Kgalagadi_Transfrontier_Park|sekgwa sa Kgalagadi]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;47.</ref> Ba bangwe ba ne ba dirisa dikgato tsa go itlhokomela ka bonako, jaaka go epa dikhutsi fa bathapi ba ne ba etela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;55.</ref> Dikgosi di ne di eletsa go dirisa go tsaya karolo ga tsone mo ntweng go bona ditshwanelo tse dingwe mo teng ga Mmusomogolo wa Borithane, mme di ne di tshaba gore go fenngwa ga Borithane go tla ba dira babusiwa ba Jeremane kgotsa Aforika Borwa, e leng phelelo e ba neng ba eletsa go e tila.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;39–40.</ref> Maiteko a ntwa gape e ne e le tshono ya go busetsa banna ba Batswana ba ba neng ba fudugetse kwa Aforika Borwa go ya go dira ditiro tsa meepo; dikgosi di ne di eletsa go fedisa mokgwa o mme di ne di ikutlwa di ka dira jalo ka go neelana ka ditiro tsa sesole.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;41–43.</ref> Dituelo dingwe tsa sesole di ne tsa diegisiwa go malapa a masole, mme ditekanyetso tsa thomelo kwa ntle di ne tsa tlosiwa ka nako ya ntwa, mme tsa baka go tsena ga madi kwa Bechuanaland.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;133.</ref> Fa go bapisiwa le ditšhaba tse dingwe tse di mo Mmusong wa Boritane, batho ba Bechuanaland ba ne ba amogela ntwa eo. Batswana ba le bantsi ba ne ba na le maikutlo a boikanyegi mo mmusomogolong kgotsa ba ikutlwa gore dikgatlhego tsa bone di a tsamaisana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;36–37.</ref> Dikgosi dingwe, jaaka [[:en:Kgari_Sechele_II|Kgari Sechele]] [[:en:Kgari_Sechele_II|wa bobedi]] wa kwa ga Kwena le Molefi Pilane wa ga Kgatla, ba ne ba ikwadisa ka sebele. Ba ne ba dira jaaka disajene tse dikgolo tsa masole, e leng maemo a a kwa godimo a a neng a le teng mo Batswaneng.<ref name=":52" /> Go ela kwa bokhutlong jwa Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi, puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya letlelela Batswana go nna le diteseletso tsa kgwebo le go dira mo teng ga naga e e sireleditsweng. Se pele se ne se lekanyeditswe batho basweu le makula.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;135.</ref> Setlhopha sa Dikgaolo tsa Dikhomišene tse di Kwa Godimo se ne se le kwa Botlhabagare go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1946 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1949.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;31.</ref> === Mokgatlho wa boipuso === [[Setshwantsho:1960 6d Bechuanaland Protectorate stamp.jpg|thumb|Setempe sa ngwaga wa 1960 sa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland se se nang le ditshwantsho tsa ga [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Kgosigadi Victoria]] le [[:en:Elizabeth_II|Elizabeth wa bobedi]], dikgosi tsa ntlha le tsa bofelo tsa Borithane tsa tshireletso .]] Bokhutlo jwa Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi bo ne jwa tla ka phetogo e kgolo mo setšhabeng. Dikgosi di ne tsa bonwa di se botlhokwa thata mo sebopegong sa loago, mme bontsi bo ne jwa tlogela dipolelo tsa bone tsa lefatshe lotlhe mo dikgomong tsa merafe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;51.</ref> Didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa setšhaba, jaaka lefatshe le badiri, di ne tsa dirwa tse di hapegileng le go dirwa dithoto.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;52.</ref> Phitlhelelo ya thuto e ne ya tlhola setlhopha sa batlhalefi ba ba [[:en:Liberalism|gololesegileng]] ba ba neng ba le kgatlhanong le puso ya dikgosi mme ba simolola go ipopela mafelo a bone a maatla mo mekgatlhong ya badiri le ditlhopha tsa baagi.<ref name=":63">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;165.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1946, ke karolo ya bobedi mo lekgolong fela ya paoyotlhe ya baagi e e neng e na le tiro kwa ntle ga temothuo le ditirelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;57.</ref> Tshireletso e ne ya bona koketsego e kgolo ya dikelo tsa matsalo jaaka karolo ya bogare jwa [[:en:Mid-20th_century_baby_boom|ngwagakgolo wa masome a mabedi wa go tlhatloga ga masea]] mo dingwageng tsa morago ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi, e e neng e tsamaya le koketsego ya [[:en:Life_expectancy|dingwaga tsa botshelo]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;12–13.</ref> Tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e simolotse lenaneo la yone la ntlha ya tlhabololo mo tshireletsong, e leng lefelo la matlhabelo, ka dingwaga tsa bo ka ngwaga wa 1950.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;81.</ref> Maborithane, a santse a solofetse go kopanya tshireletso go nna Aforika Borwa, kwa bofelong a ne a phimola leano le morago ga tshimologo ya [[:en:Apartheid|Tlhaolele]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;24–25.</ref>Fa maiteko a simolola go tlhama tsela e ntšhwa ya isago ya tshireletso, tshireletso e ne ya bewa mo seemong sa go tlhoka maitseo, mme ga go na tsela ya go ya pele e e neng e bonala sentle.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFParsons2006|Parsons 2006]], pp.&#x20;672–673.</ref> Tshitshinyo nngwe e ne e le go e tsenya mo [[:en:Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland|Mokgatlhong wa Rhodesia le Nyasaland]], o lefatshe la United Kingdom e o tlhamileng ka fa tlase ga pholisi ya "tirisanommogo ya merafe e mentsi".<ref>Parsons 2006, p.&#x20;673.</ref> Fa mojaboswa wa Ngwato Seretse Khama a gola, mmusi Tshekedi Khama o ne a leka go tshwarelela mo pusong.<ref name=":53">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;696.</ref> Seretse o ne a nyala mosadi wa mosweu, [[:en:Ruth_Williams_Khama|Ruth Williams]], fa a ne a ithuta kwa lefatsheng la United Kingdom, mme se sa baka matlhabisa ditlhong mo lelapeng la segosi la ga Ngwato.<ref name=":46" /> Le fa kwa tshimologong setšhaba se ne se le kgatlhanong le lenyalo le, go sa ratweng ga ga Tshekedi go ne ga fetola maikutlo a Seretse.<ref name=":47" /> Kgang e ne ya tlhagisiwa mo kgotleng ka ngwaga wa 1949, mme puso ya ga Tshekedi e ne ya ganwa ka bontsi ke diketekete tsa batho ba ba neng ba le teng.<ref name=":53" /><ref name=":47" /> Tshekedi le batshegetsi ba gagwe ba ne ba tshabela kwa Kwena kwa botshabelo.<ref name=":54">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;89.</ref> Puso ya makgowa e ne e sa itshokele lenyalo la ga Seretse le mosadi yo mosweu. Ka maiteko a go ritibatsa puso ya Tlhaolele ya Aforika Borwa, e ne ya leleka banyalani ba mo pusong ya tshireletso ka ngwaga wa 1950. Se se ne sa tsosa mokgatlho wa bosetšhaba o o neng o gola mo gare ga baemanokeng ba ga Seretse mo pusong ya tshireletso, o o neng wa tlhagelela ka botlalo ka ngwaga wa 1952.<ref name=":37" /> Ka nako ya fa Seretse a ne a seyo, lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la baya molaodi wa kgaolo dingwaga di le nne pele ga e tlhoma Rasebolai Kgamane, motshegetsi wa ga Tshekedi, go nna moemedi.<ref name=":54" /> Morafe wa Ngwato o ne wa tsuologela go lelekwa ga ga Seretse.<ref name=":55">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;53.</ref> Batshegetsi ba gagwe ba ne ba kopa gore a bowe, mme go ne ga tsoga dikhuduego fa ba ne ba ganwa. Seretse o ne a feleletsa a letleletswe go boa ka ngwaga wa1956.<ref name=":56">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;90.</ref> Ka nako e, kgaogano e e gagametseng ya merafe mo Aforika Borwa ya Tlhaolele e ne ya thibela lefatshe la United Kingdom go e ritibatsa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;200.</ref> Mo nakong yotlhe ya mathata a go lelekwa ga ga Seretse, maatla a ne a tlogela bogosi mme a ya kwa mekgatlhong ya ditlhopho.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;91.</ref> Tshekedi le Seretse ba ne ba dira kagiso fa Seretse a boa, mme Seretse a nna moeteledipele wa ''nnete'' wa Ngwato, le fa lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le mo thibetse go nna kgosi ya semmuso.<ref name=":56" /> Ka thotloetso ya Borithane, morafe wa Ngwato o ne wa tlhama lekgotla la morafe, le Seretse le Tshekedi ka bobedi e neng e le maloko a lone.<ref name=":55" /> Merafe e mengwe e ne ya tlhoma makgotla a merafe a a tshwanang, a a neng a dira jaaka ditšheke tsa maatla a dikgosi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;26.</ref> Go ne ga sala letlhoo lengwe fa gare ga banna ba babedi ba: Tshekedi o ne a eletsa go boloka puso ya morafe le maatla a dikgosi, fa Seretse ene a ne a akanya ka puso ya batho ka batho ya boemedi le dikgosi tse di bokoa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;91–92.</ref> Selekanyo sa maatla a a beeleditsweng mo dikgosing e ne ya nna kgang e e neng ya baka dikganetsano thata mo mokgatlhong wa boipuso o o neng o gola, bogolosegolo mo bathong ba ga Ngwato le ba lelapa la ga Khama.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;93–94.</ref> Bechuanaland Protectorate Federal Party e ne e le lekoko la ntlha la sepolotiki le le neng la tlhamiwa mo kgaolong ya tshireletso fa le ne le tlhamiwa ke moeteledipele wa mokgatlo wa Ngwato [[:en:Leetile_Disang_Raditladi|Leetile Disang Raditladi]] ka ngwaga wa 1959. Le bopilwe thata ke batho ba maemo le batlhalefi, le ne le buelela kopano ya merafe ya Batswana. Lekoko le ne la palelwa ke go bona tshegetso mme la nna lobaka lo lokhutshwane.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;94.</ref> Ngwaga o o latelang, [[:en:Bechuanaland_People's_Party|Lekoko la Batho la Bechuanaland]] (BPP, moragonyana Lekoko la Batho la Botswana) le ne la tlhamiwa jaaka lekoko le le bogale thata, le le ganetsanang le puso ya merafe ya setso mme la bona boikuelo mo badiring ba bafaladi.<ref name=":57">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> E ne e eteletswe pele ke [[:en:Motsamai_Mpho|Motsamai Mpho]], [[:en:Philip_Matante|Philip Matante]], le Kgalemang Morsete.<ref name=":58">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xviii.</ref> BPP, e e neng ya tlhamiwa jaaka molekane wa Setswana wa lekoko la [[:en:African_National_Congress|African National Congress]] la Aforika Borwa,<ref name=":59">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;74.</ref> e ne ya tshegetsa boipuso jwa ka bonako le go fedisiwa gotlhelele ga bogosi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;27.</ref> Ka go tshaba gore BPP e tla nyatsa puso e e leng teng le go tshuba dikgotlhang le puso ya Tlhaolele ya Aforika Borwa, dikgosi le puso ya Borithane di ne tsa thibela bokgoni jwa yona jwa go kopana.<ref name=":57" /> Merafe ya tshireletso mmogo e ne ya bopa lekgotla la peomolao ka ngwaga wa 1961.<ref name=":37" /> Batho ba Kwena ba ne ba iphitlhela ba le ka fa tlase ga moemedi, [[:en:Neale_Sechele|Neale Sechele]], ka ngwaga wa 1963, se se rayang gore ba ne ba na le tlhotlheletso e nnye ya sepolotiki fa mokgatlho wa boipuso o ntse o gola.<ref name=":60">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;102.</ref> Leano la Tlhabololo la Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland la dingwaga tsa 1963/1968 le ne la kwalwa ka thulaganyo ya dipuisano ka ngwaga wa 1963, le tlhama tlhaloso ya boipuso jwa setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;26–27.</ref> Fa palo ya batho e ne ba sa dire sepe mo dipolotiking ka kakaretso, lefatshe la United Kingdom e ne ya nna nngwe ya mafatshe a a neng a etelela pele go bona boipuso. Ka go tshwenyega gore lekoko la BPP e ne e le e e tseneletseng thata, lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la rotloetsa moeteledipele wa yone yo o mo ratang, Seretse Khama, go tlhama lekoko la sepolotiki.<ref name=":59" /> Le fa Khama a ne a dumalana le mekgwa ya lekoko la BPP e e kgatlhanong le bosemorafe le ya lefatshe, o ne a le kgatlhanong le tsela ya yone ya go tlhoma dipolotiki le go amogela ga yone bojammogo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;96.</ref>O ne a dumela go tlogela go bolela ga gagwe mo bathong ba ga Ngwato go dira jaaka radipolotiki, a tlhama [[:en:Bechuanaland_Democratic_Party|Lekoko la]] [[:en:Bechuanaland_Democratic_Party|puso ya batho ka batho la Bechuanaland]] (BDP, moragonyana ya nna lekoko la Botswana Democratic ) ka ngwaga wa 1962.<ref name=":59" /> Lekoko la BDP e ne ya itlhoma jaaka "lekoko la dikgosi", mme ya amogela dikakanyo tse di amanang le puso ya merafe ya pele ga bokoloniale.<ref name=":30" /> Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la rotloetsa lekoko la BDP, le tlhaloganya gore le tla tshegetsa kgwebisano ya leruo ya motlha wa bokoloniale.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;149.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1963, kgosi ya Kgatla Linchwe e ne e le ene fela kgosi e e neng e le kgatlhanong le BDP e bile e na le tlhotlheletso ya sepolotiki, mme batho ba Kgatla ba ne ba rata lekoko la BDP, ka jalo o ne a nna a sa tsenelele mo dipolotiking.<ref name=":60" /> Thulaganyo ya phetogo e ne ya simolola ka lekoko la BDP e ne e solofetswe go busa Botswana yo o ikemetseng, mme puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya bereka le boeteledipele jwa lekoko la BDP go ba baakanyetsa go tsamaisa setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;78.</ref> Go ne ga tshwarwa bokopano ka ngwaga wa 1963 go okamela go tlhamiwa ga molaotheo o mosha. Dikgotlhang tsa ka fa gare ga lekoko la BPP di ne di raya gore lekoko la BDP e ne e na le tlhotlheletso e ntsi mo thulaganyong. Tshekedi Khama o ne a tlhokafetse ka nako e, ka jalo Bathoen wa bobedi o ne a nna moeteledipele wa lekoko le le neng le ema nokeng puso ya bofederale, a dumela gore le tla boloka puso e le mo diatleng tsa dikgosi. Lefatshe la United Kingdom le boradipolotiki ba Batswana ba ne ba tshegetsa puso ya bosetšhaba e e kopaneng ka gonne Botswana e ne e humanegile thata go ka kgaoganya dithoto tsa yona le ka gonne go tlhoka go kopanya dithoto go ne go tla dira gore e nne mo kotsing ya go tlhaselwa ke merafe e mengwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;97.</ref> Puso ya dikgaolo e e itsholetseng e ne ya itshupa e sa kgonege mo dipolotiking, ka jalo go ne ga dirwa tumalano ya gore dikgosi di tla bopa Ntlo ya Dikgosi, e leng setlhopha sa bagakolodi mo teng ga [[:en:Parliament_of_Botswana|Palamente ya Botswana]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;98–99.</ref> Dikgosi di ne di santse di le kgatlhanong le thulaganyo e, mme mo mokgatlhong o o neng o eteletswe pele ke Bathoen, Ntlo ya Dikgosi e ne ya fetisa tlhopo ya [[:en:No_confidence|go sa tshepe]] puso e ntšhwa, mme fela go tlhoka maatla a yone a sepolotiki go ne ga e thibela go dirisa phetogo e e nang le bokao.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;56.</ref> Molao wa Lekgotla la Kgaolo o ne wa fetisiwa jaaka tsela e nngwe ya go lekanyetsa maatla a dikgosi ka go tlhama makgotla a a tla okamelang kgaolo le toropo nngwe le nngwe,<ref name=":58" /> go dira gore mekgatlho e e tlhophilweng e e nne balaodi ba konokono ba selegae.<ref name=":64">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;78.</ref> Toropo ya [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]] e agilwe ka ngwaga wa 1965 mme ya itsisiwe jaaka motsemogolo o mošwa.<ref name=":59" /> E agilwe mo lefatsheng la puso ya Borithane, le le neng le tlamela ka lefelo le le sa tseyeng letlhakore le le neng le sa laolwe ke morafe ope .<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;16.</ref> [[:en:Constitution_of_Botswana|Molamotheo]] o ne wa tsenngwa tirisong ka one ngwaga oo.<ref name=":59" /> Ka se se tirisong, Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la fa tshireletso puso ya go ipusa.<ref name=":61">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;116.</ref> Ngwaga wa 1965 gape e ne ya bona go fetisiwa ga Molao wa Dikgotla tsa Dikgaolo o o neng wa fetola seabe sa bokoloniale sa molaodi wa kgaolo ka go se bofa mo makgotleng a dikgaolo a a sa tswang go tlhamiwa,<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;25.</ref> mme wa bona go tlhongwa ga Banka ya Tlhabololo ya Bosetšhaba e e neng e le ya puso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> Mpho o ne a kgaogana le lekoko la BPP go tlhama Lekoko la Boipuso la Bechuanaland (BIP) ka ngwaga wa 1965.<ref name=":62">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;32.</ref> E eteletswe pele ke Seretse Khama le [[:en:Quett_Masire|Quett Masire]], lekoko la BDP le ne la dira letsholo mo e ka nnang mo motseng mongwe le mongwe wa kgaolo ya tshireletso pele ga ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa kakaretso. Go farologana le batho ba bangwe ba sepolotiki kwa Bechuanaland, Seretse Khama o ne a na le boikuelo go ralala merafe e e farologaneng.<ref name=":60" /> Morago ga moo lekoko la BDP le ne la tlhophiwa go etelela puso ya ntlha pele.<ref name=":61" /> Lekoko la BPP le ne la gapa manno a le mararo fela mo lekgotleng la peomolao, mme lekoko la BIP le ne la palelwa ke go gapa epe.<ref name=":62" /> Morago ga ditlhopho, go ne ga tlhamiwa lekoko la [[:en:Botswana_National_Front|Botswana]] [[:en:Botswana_National_Front|National Front]] (BNF) jaaka lekoko le le kopaneng la kganetso ya BDP.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;32–33.</ref> E tlhomilwe ke [[:en:Kenneth_Koma|Kenneth Koma]], lekoko la BNF le ne la nna mmaba yo mogolo wa lekoko la BDP.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;109.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;31–33.</ref> Lekoko la BDP le ne la tlhopha Khama go nna tonakgolo ya naga.<ref name=":65">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;204.</ref>Go farologana le makoko a mantsi a sepolotiki a a tlhomilweng mo Aforika, BDP e ne e le lekoko le le itekanetseng le le sa fetogeng go na le go nna lekoko le le kgatlhanong le bokoloniale.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBrown2020|Brown 2020]], p.&#x20;711.</ref> Morago ga go tlhamiwa ga yona, Ntlo ya Dikgosi e ne ya ntsha tlhopo ya go sa tshepe molaotheo ka ngwaga wa 1966, mme se sa dira gore go nne le letsholo la bosetšhaba la go tshegetsa molaotheo le le neng la bona tshegetso e e lekaneng gore dikgosi di fedise maiteko a tsone a go o gwetlha.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;100–101.</ref> Tshireletso e ne ya newa boipuso jaaka Rephaboliki ya Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1966.<ref name=":61" /> == Repaboliki ya Botswana == [[Setshwantsho:Botswana Independence, 1966.png|thumb|[[:en:Seretse_Khama|Seretse Khama]] a ikanisa maikano a go nna Tautona wa ntlha wa Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1966]] Boipuso jwa Botswana bo ne bo kaya go tsenngwa tirisong ga puso ya batho le batho e e gololesegileng, go tlisa ditlhopho, tshireletso ya ditshwanelo tsa batho, le tirelosetšhaba.<ref name=":64" /> Se se ne sa dira gore go nne le thulaganyo ya go tlhatlosiwa maemo e e ikaegileng ka bokgoni le go tlhamiwa ga tsamaiso ya puso ya maranyane.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;8–9.</ref>Setšhaba se ne sa bopa puso e e neng e fetotswe go tswa mo [[:en:Westminster_system|tsamaisong ya Westminster]],<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;23–24.</ref> mme Tonakgolo Seretse Khama a nna Moporesidente Seretse Khama.<ref name=":65" /> Go ne ga tlhamiwa boitshupo jwa bosetšhaba, jwa kopanya merafe e e sa tshwaneng mo letshwaong le le lengwe la Setswana, ka ngwao e e ikaegileng ka ya merafe ya Setswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNyamnjoh2007|Nyamnjoh 2007]], p.&#x20;307.</ref> Botswana e ne ya boloka bontsi jwa ditheo tsa yone tsa merafe tsa pele ga bokoloniale morago ga boipuso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;54.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;7.</ref> Se e ne e le ditlamorago tsa puso e e nonofileng e e neng e amana le merafe ya Batswana le tsereganyo e e lekanyeditsweng ya puso ya Borithane mo dinakong tsa bokoloniale.<ref name=":34" /> Mofuta wa go buisana wa dipolotiki tsa setšhaba pele le morago ga boipuso e ne e le mokgwa o o sa tlwaelesegang mo merafeng e mengwe e mentsi ya Aforika e e neng ya nna le babusaesi morago ga boipuso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;30, 56.</ref> Go na le go fedisa bogosi, puso e ntšhwa e ne ya bo tsenya mo tsamaisong ya semolao, ya fa dikgosi dithata tsa boatlhodi ka ''kgotla'', go ikaegile ka dikgotlatshekelo tsa boikuelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSebudubuduBotlhomilwe2012|Sebudubudu &#x26; Botlhomilwe]] 2012, p.&#x20;36.</ref>Tlwaelo ya go ikobela boeteledipele, e e kileng ya fiwa dikgosi, e ne ya sutela kwa botautoneng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;30.</ref> Puso e ne ya tiisa go tlhomama ga yona ka go thapa tirelosetšhaba ya yone ka baitseanape b<ref name=":66">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSebudubuduBotlhomilwe2012|Sebudubudu &#x26; Botlhomilwe 2012]], pp.&#x20;31–32.</ref>a dinaga di sele, go farologana le dinaga tse dingwe tse dišwa tsa Aforika tse gantsi di neng di leleka baitseanape ba dinaga di sele.<ref name=":67">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSebudubuduBotlhomilwe2012|Sebudubudu &#x26; Botlhomilwe 2012]], p.&#x20;35.</ref><ref name=":68">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;105.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;59.</ref> Se se ne sa boloka puso ya mofuta wa Bophirima e e neng e gatelela tlhabololo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;259.</ref> Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la tswelela go tlamela Botswana ka matlole mo dingwageng tsa ntlha tse tlhano tsa go nna teng ga yone.<ref name=":61" /> Maemo a yone a kagiso, a puso ya batho ka batho fa a bapisiwa le ditšhaba tse dingwe tsa Aforika a ne a raya gore e ne ya amogela thuso e ntsi go tswa mo mekgatlhong ya Bophirima.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;255.</ref> Ka nako ya boipuso, Botswana e ne e le setšhaba se se humanegileng thata, go feta bontsi jwa dinaga tse dingwe mo Aforika.<ref name=":69">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;104.</ref><ref name=":66" /> E ne e sena badiri ba ba rutegileng, ka baagi ba le masome a mane fela ba ba nang le ditlankana tse di hagodimo tsa mmadikolo, mme go ne go sena ditlamelo tse di itsegeng tsa metswedi ya tlholego go tshegetsa setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;62, 64.</ref> Botswana e ne e ikaegile ka puso ya Tlhaolele mo Aforika Borwa go fitlhelela setšhaba sa lefatshe, mme bontsi jwa badiri ba Botswana e ne e le badiri ba bafaladi mo Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;64.</ref> Botswana e ne ya tsena mo ntweng e e tlhamaletseng le Rhodesia, e e neng ya baka dintwa tsa sesole go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1978.<ref name=":63" /> Go nna le seabe mo go lekanyeditsweng ga Borithane go ne go kaya gore go ne go se na tlhabololo e ntsi fa e sale ka nako ya bokoloniale.<ref name=":69" /><ref name=":70">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;160.</ref> Bokgoni jwa go bala le go kwala e ne e le selekanyo sa karolo ya masome a mabedi le botlhano mo lekgolong, mme go ne go na le dikilometara di le lesome fela tsa tsela e e tshetsweng.<ref name=":69" /> Mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a robangbongwe ya baagi e ne e le mo [[:en:Abject_poverty|lehumeng le le tseneletseng]],<ref name=":70" /> mme bontsi jwa baagi e ne e le balemibarui ba dikgomo kgotsa [[:en:Subsistence_farmers|balemibarui ba ba itshidisang]].<ref name=":71">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;55.</ref> Fa setšhaba se fitlhelela boipuso, komelelo e e masisi e ne ya fedisa karolo ya masome amarao go fihlela masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ya palo ya dikgomo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;63.</ref> Mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa Batswana ba ne ba ikaegile ka [[:en:World_Food_Programme|Lenaneo la Dijo la Lefatshe]] go tila tlala.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;220.</ref> Ditšhaba tse dingwe di ne di na le ditsholofelo tse di kwa tlase mo Botswana, mme mo Aforika yotlhe e ne e bonwa jaaka [[:en:Bantustan|Bantustan]] ya Tlhaolele.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;1.</ref> Kamano e le Tlhaolele gape e ne e le ntlha ya katlego ya Botswana jaaka setšhaba se se ikemetseng: boeteledipele jwa Batswana bo ne bo eletsa go tila phelelo e e tshwanang le ya Aforika Borwa fa setšhaba se ka palelwa, mme dikgolagano tsa dikgang tsa mafatshe fatshe tse di neng tsa tlhamiwa le Bophirima go thibela go tsenngwa ke Aforika Borwa di ne di raya gore Botswana o ne a tshepa thata dinaga tsa Bophirima go amogela thuso le thato ya bone.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;76–77.</ref> Boeteledipele jwa ntlha jwa Botswana bo ne bo laolwa ke malapa a merafe e e busang mmogo le palo e nnye ya badiredipuso ba ba rutegileng thata.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;6.</ref> Go tshwana ga bona ga itsholelo le dikgopolo go ne go raya gore puso e nne e tlhomame kwa ntle ga dintwa tsa sepolotiki.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;71.</ref> Le fa Bathoen a ne a tlogela maemo a gagwe a go nna kgosi go ya go dira dipolotiki, bontsi jwa dikgosi tse dingwe di ne tsa amogela maatla a tsona a a fokoditsweng a sepolotiki mo pusong e ntšhwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;56–57.</ref> Tiro e nngwe ya dikgosi e ne e laolwa ke Molao wa Bogosi wa ngwaga ya 1966.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;140.</ref> Go tlhoka bonweenwee go ne ga dira gore puso e nne semolao thata mme ya ratwa ke balekane ba Bophirima.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;166.</ref> Go farologana le bontsi jwa merafe e e sa tswang go tlhamiwa ya Aforika, bontsi jwa boeteledipele bo ne bo tswa mo setšhabeng sa temothuo, go kaya gore dikgatlhego tsa bona di ne di tsamaisana le bontsi.<ref name=":30" /><ref name=":71" /> Se se ne sa rotloetsa puso e ntšhwa go boloka dipholisi tsa motlha wa bokoloniale tse di neng di solegela barui ba dikgomo molemo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;75.</ref> Setlhopa sa semmuso sa Nama ya Botswana se ne sa tlhamiwa go laola madirelo a nama ya kgomo.<ref name=":58" /> Boikuelo jwa lekoko la BDP jwa merafe yotlhe le kgatlhego e e kopanetsweng ya go tlhoma boipuso di ne tsa rotloetsa puso e ntšhwa gape go dira mo dikgatlhegelong tsa bontsi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;54–55.</ref> Ditlhopha tse dinnye tsa baagi ba basweu di ne tsa sala mo nageng mme tsa ganetsa boipuso jwa yone.<ref name=":63" /> Le fa moragonyana di ne di tla nna botlhokwa mo tlhabololong ya Botswana, ditshwanelo tsa ditswammung di ne tsa fiwa botlhokwa jo bo kwa tlase fa di bona boipuso, mme merafe e ne ya di fetisetsa kwa pusong ya bogareng ka ngwaga wa 1967.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;103–104.</ref> === Botautona jwa ga Seretse Khama === Khama o ne a ratwa ke batho botlhe mme a bonwa e le moeteledipele wa tlholego wa merafe yotlhe ya Batswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;202–203.</ref> Tsamaiso ya gagwe e ne ya tsenya tirisong maano a a neng a lebisitswe mo go tlhameng mafaratlhatlha le dithoto tsa setšhaba, bogolosegolo go tsenya tshela ditsela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;111.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;86.</ref> O ne a simolola go aga dikolo, matlhabelo le dikhuti tse di neng tsa tswelela mo masomeng a dingwaga a a latelang. Lefatshe le le nang le banni la Batswana le Basarwa le ne la dirisiwa go aga mesima.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;219.</ref> Tlhabololo e ne ya tla ka tshenyegelo ya kgwebo le tlhagiso, e e neng e lekanyeditswe go tlamela ka matlole a leruo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004,]] p.&#x20;164.</ref> Go ne ga tlhongwa mogopolo thata mo go otla dikgomo le go aga matlhabelo go rotloetsa madirelo a nama ya kgomo mo gare ga go tlhoka metsi. <ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;205.</ref>[[:en:Public_welfare|Mananeo a katlaatleloloago]] le one a ne a tlhongwa.<ref name=":67" /> Go ribololwa ga ditaemane go ne ga netefatsa gore mananeo a a bona madi a a lekaneng.<ref name=":72">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgalaMalila2022|Makgala &#x26; Malila 2022]], p.&#x20;305.</ref> Dipeeletso tse le mokgwa o o sa fetogeng wa go somarela madi a puso di ne tsa thibela boemo jwa [[:en:Dutch_disease|bolwetse jwa Dutch]] jo bo neng jwa golafatsa dinaga tse dingwe tsa Aforika tse di neng di tletse ka didirisiwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;4.</ref> Thuto e ne ya atolosiwa mo setšhabeng sotlhe, mme puo ya Setswana e ne ya lekanngwa mmogo le Seesemane ka go latlhegelwa ke dipuo tse dingwe.<ref name=":72" /><ref name=":68" /> Khama o ne a siamisa seo jaaka tsela ya go fitlhelela kutlwano.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;228.</ref> == Metswedi == sidrgqt0zx5xowx6w5ld07js9jkn0xx 52685 52678 2026-07-17T18:29:10Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52685 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ditso tsa lefatshe la Botswana''' di akaretsa tsa bogologolo le tsa ngwao ya kgaolo, go diriwa kolone ya [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Bechuanaland Protectorate]], le go nna Republic of [[Botswana]] gompieno. Batho ba ntlha ba motlha wa gompieno go nna mo Botswana e ne e le Basarwa, temothuo e tlhabolotswe dingwaga di ka nna dikete pedi, le makgolo a mararo a a fetileng. Batho bantsho ba Bantu ba ntlha ba gorogile dingwaga di le makgolo mabedi morago ga loso lwa ga Keresete, fa [[Batswana]] ba ntlha ba gorogile dingwaga di le makgolo mabedi morago. Batswana ba ne ba kgaogana ka ditlhopha tsa merafe mo dingwageng tse di dikete tse di latelang fa diphudugo mo kgaolong di tswelela, tse di neng tsa baka [[:en:Difaqane|Difaqane]] mo lekgolong la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabobedi. Go amana le ma Yuropa ga ntlha go diragetse ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi lesome le borataro, mo go bakileng go diriwa Bakeresete ga batho ba kgaolo. Magosi a Batswana a a neng a na le thotloetso e kgolo a ne a ikopela go nna mo tlhokomelong ya lefatshe la [[United Kingdom]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabobedi le botlhano ka ba ne ba itemogela matshosetsi go tswa kwa [[:en:German_South_West_Africa|German South West Africa]] le mo Maburung. Batho ba Britain ba ne ba kgaoganya kgaolo go nna merafe e kgosi nngwe le nngwe e tlaa e etelelang pele, ba a fa dikgosi maatla a a fetang a ba neng ba na le one pele, mme ba ne ba nna le taolo e e lekanetseng fela mo lefatsheng. Puso ya Britain e ne ya nna le seabe se setlhagafetseng ka dinwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo. Lefatshe la Botswana le ne la ema nokeng go tsaya karolo ga Britain mo ntweng ya bobedi ya mafatshe, bontsi ba ne ba lwa e le bontlha jwa sesole sa [[Aferika|Aforika]] sa Auxiliary Pioneer Corps. Go lwela go laola go nnile teng ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a matlhano fa gare ga Kgosi ya [[Bangwato]] [[Seretse Khama]] le motlhatlhami wa gagwe [[Tshekedi Khama]]. Go nyala mosadi wa lekgoa ebong [[Ruth Williams Khama]] ga ga Seretse, go ne ga baka gore batho ba Britain ba mo thibele go nna mo [[Botswana]]. O ne a boa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a matlhano le borataro, ka a ne a na le kemo nokeng e kgolo, merafe e ne inaakanya le puso e e tlhophilweng fa letsholo la boipuso le tlhamiwa. Molao wa lefatshe o tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le motso, ga tlhamiwa diphathi tsa polotiki. Seretse o ne a nna moeteledipele wa [[:en:Bechuanaland_Democratic_Party|Bechuanaland Democratic Party]], e e neng e bueletswe ke puso ya Britain go busa morago ga boipuso, e ne ya nna le kemo nokeng e e tsitsibanyang mmele mo ditlhophong tsa ntlha tsa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le botlhano. Lefatshe la Botswana le ne la neelwa boipuso jo bo tletseng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro. Ka maikaelelo a a nonofileng, Seretse le phathi ya gagwe ba ne ba tlhama puso ya batho ka batho ya bophirima ba simolola go tlhabolola dikago mo lefatsheng le e neng e le lengwe la a a neng a humanegile thata ka nako eo. Go ne ga lemogiwa fa go na le diteemane ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabongwe, mo go neng ga bopa sesha itsholelo ya Botswana. Kompone ya meepo ya [[Debswana]] e tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi, lefatshe la Botswana la nna la itsholelo e e golang ka bofefo thata go gaisa a mangwe mo Botswana. Phathi ya sepolotiki ya Botswana Democratic e ne ya tswelela e le yone phathi e e busang go tswa ka nako ya boipuso go fitlhelela phathi ya [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] e fenya ditlhopho tsa [[:en:2024_Botswana_general_election|ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone.]] == Ditso tsa pele ga bokolone == === Ditso tsa pele === [[Setshwantsho:Tsodilo Hills rock paintings4.jpg|thumb|metako ya magaga kwa Tsodilo mo ditsong tsa pele]] Lefatshe la Botswana la gompieno e ne e le sekgwa fela dingwaga di le didikadike tse di lesome tse di fitileng, dinoka di ne di le ditona go fetisa gompieno, di tshela kwa [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi|letsheng la Makgadikgadi]].<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou, Thomas]]; [[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Campbell, Alec C]]. (1997) [1984]. ''[[History of Botswana]]'' (2nd&nbsp;ed.). Macmillan Botswana. ISBN[[:en:Special:BookSources/9991278087|&nbsp;<bdi>9991278087</bdi>.]]</ref> Batho ba sebopego sa ntlha sa Homo erectus ba ne ba nna mo kgaolong eo ka motlha wa lejwe.<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997,]] p.&nbsp;14.</ref> Didirisiwa tsa lejwe mo Botswana wa gompieno, di tshwana le dilepe, di tswa go o lowe, dingwaga di le didikadike di le pedi tse di fitileng.<ref name=":4">Denbow, James R.; Thebe, Phenyo C. (2006). [[iarchive:culturecustomsof0000denb|''Culture and Customs of Botswana''.]] Greenwood Press. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33178-7|<bdi>978-0-313-33178-7</bdi>.]] [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/62118271 62118271.]</ref><ref name=":0">Klehm, Carla (28 June 2021). "Archaeology of Botswana". ''Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History''. doi:[https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/61663/chapter/553401196 10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.792]. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-027773-4|<bdi>978-0-19-027773-4</bdi>.]]</ref> Phudugo go ya sekakeng sa Kalahari go akanyediwa fa e diragetse pele ga legato la borataro dingwaga di le dikete di le lekgolo, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro tse di fitileng.<ref name=":0" /> Letsha la Makgadikgadi le simolotse go fokotsega dingwaga di le dikete di le masome matlhano tse di fitileng.<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997, p.&nbsp;17.]]</ref> Bagolagolwane ba merafe e e sa amaneng ka gope ba ba bidiwang Basarwa fa ba kgobokantswe, ba ne ba nna mo Botswana wa gompieno, dingwaga di ka nna dikete di le masome mane go tsena masome a mararo tse di fitileng. Ba ka tswa e le bone batho ba ntlha go nna mo motlheng wa lejwe.<ref>[[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&nbsp;18, 23.</ref> Ba ne ba itlhoma go bapa le dinoka ka dipaka tsa komelelo, mme ba phatlalale le kgaolo ka nako ya dipula.<ref>[[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&nbsp;24.</ref>Go ne go itsewe fa ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a dikaganyeditseng [[letsha la Makgadikgadi]], ga mmogo le [[Tsodilo]] le GI.<ref name=":1">[[iarchive:culturecustomsof0000denb|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&nbsp;xv.</ref> Batho ba bangwe jaaka ba [[Nata]], Shua le Xani, go dumelwa fa ba gorogile morago ga Basarwa.<ref name=":2">Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997, p.&nbsp;23.</ref>[[:en:Rock_art|Botaki jwa matlapa]] bo simolotse dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a mararo tse di fetileng,<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;58.</ref> Meepo ya specularite le hematite e simolotse ka nako e go tlhama dipente.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;48.</ref> Mo e ka nnang metsi otlhe a leruri a ne a amana le batho ba ntlha dingwaga di le 20,000 tse di fetileng.<ref name=":1" /> Thuto e e tseneletseng ya Aforika e e kwa borwa mo [[:en:Stone_Age|Motlheng wa Matlapa]] e ntse e lekanyeditswe.<ref name=":0" /> Batho ba ba farologaneng ba kgaolo e ne e le [[:en:Hunter-gatherer|batsomi-baphuthi]] ba ba neng ba sala ka ditlhopha tse dinnye mme ba dira kgwebo le ba bangwe.<ref name=":2" /> Go dumelwa gore setlhopha sengwe le sengwe e ne e le kokoanyo ya malapa a a sikanang a a neng a tshwere tshimo e e rileng, a eteletswe pele ke monna yo mogolo wa lelapa la tlhogo ya setlhopha.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;25.</ref>Banna ba ne ba tsoma diphologolo tse dikgolo, fa basadi ba ne ba phutha dimela le go tshwara diphologolo tse dinnye.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;24–25.</ref> Ditlhopha di ne di nyalana mme di dirisa thulaganyo ya magadi, xaro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;26.</ref> Mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le dikete tse tse di fetileng, batho ba kgaolo eo ba ne ba tla ka dikgomo le dinku mo Botswana wa gompieno mme ba simolola go dira dinkgwana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;35.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;8.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;28.</ref>Temothuo e ne ya tlhabologa ka nako e mme batho ba ne ba simolola go nna mo metseng, e e neng ya tlhatloga le go wela tlase fa seemo sa loapi le ditlhaselo tsa dikgomo di ne di dira gore phitlhelelo ya leruo e fetofetoge.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;29–30.</ref>Gareng ga dijalo tsa ntlha e ne e le [[:en:Pearl_millet|mmidi wa perela]], [[:en:Finger_millet|mmidi wa menwana]], [[:en:Sorghum|mabele]], [[:en:Bambara_groundnut|matonkomane a Bambara]], [[:en:Cowpea|dinawa tsa kgomo]], le dimela tsa lelapa la [[:en:Cucurbitaceae|cucurbits]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], pp.&#x20;8–9.</ref> Batho ba ntlha ba Bantu ba ne ba [[:en:Bantu_expansion|fudugela kwa kgaolong]] e dingwaga di le dikete tse pedi le dingwaga dile selete le makgolo a matlhano tse di fetileng, mme go kile ga dumelwa gore ke bone ba ba neng ba tlisa leruo la ntlha mo lefelong leno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;22–24, 28.</ref> [[:en:Kalanga_people|Batho ba Kalanga]] ke bone ba ntlha mo [[:en:Bantu_people|merafeng ya Bantu]] go nna mo Botswana wa gompieno, ba goroga c. 200 C.E.<ref name=":3">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;27.</ref> Bagologolwane ba morafe wa ntlha wa [[:en:Tswana_people|Batswana]] (bongwe ''Motswana'', bontsi ''Batswana'') go fopholediwa fa ba gorogile c. 400 C.E.<ref name=":3" /> Batho ba ba Bantu ba ne ba tlisa didirisiwa tsa tshipi le tsa kopore mo kgaolong mme ba nna mo ditseleng tsa metsi tsa leruri.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;9.</ref> Ba ne ba aga mafelo a bonno a leruri a matlo a ka nna lesome go fitlhela lesome le botlhano a [[:en:Pole-and-daga|dipale le mmu]] nngwe le nngwe, go na le dikago tsa nakwana tsa Khoisan e e neng e tsamayatsamaya thata.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;44–45.</ref> BaKhoisan le Bantu ba ka tswa ba ne ba gweba le go nyalana mo pakeng e.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;36.</ref> === Lekgolo la bosupa la dingwaga go fitlhela ka lekgolo la lesome le bone la dingwaga === Setlhopha sa batho ba Zhizo, batho ba Taukome, ba ne ba goroga mo Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwagakgolo wa bosupa mme ba nna fa gare ga [[:en:Shashe_River|Noka ya Shashe]] le [[:en:Serorome_River|Noka ya Serorome]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;54–55.</ref><ref name=":5">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;10.</ref> Go nna le [[:en:Glass_bead|dipheta tsa galase]] go supa kgolagano ya pele le [[:en:Indian_Ocean_trade|kgwebo ya Lewatle la India]].<ref name=":5" /> Palo ya leruo le le ruiwang mo Botswana wa gompieno e ne ya oketsega thata fa gare ga ngwagakgolo wa borobabobedi le ngwagakgolo wa lesome.<ref name=":4" /> Batho ba Tswana ba ne ba ithulaganya go nna mofuta wa puso ya morafe, e e bidiwang ''morafe'' (bontsi merafe), mongwe le mongwe o eteletswe pele ke kgosi e e bidiwang ''[[:en:Kgosi|kgosi]]'' (bontsi dikgosi).<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;28.</ref> Tsamaiso e e ne ya tlhagisa puso e e nang le maemo a a kwa godimo fa e bapisiwa le tse dingwe mo kgaolong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;40.</ref> Dikgomo di ne tsa nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya setšhaba mo kgaolong, mme go nna mong wa dikgomo go ne go supa maemo a motho.<ref name=":6">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;11.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;46.</ref> Ditso tsa bogologolo tsa batho ba Tswana e sa ntse e sa itsiwe thata ka gonne go setse bosupi jo bonnye jwa baepi ba dilo tsa bogologolo.<ref name=":3" /> Ditsela tsa kgwebo di ne di golaganya merafe go ralala [[:en:Kalahari_Desert|Sekaka sa Kalahari]] ka makgolo ale borobabongwe morago ga ga Keresete,<ref name=":1" /> mme go ne ga tlhamiwa motseletsele wa ditsela go ralala kgaolo yotlhe mo lekgolong le le latelang la dingwaga, mme tsa fitlha kwa setlhoeng kwa Lewatleng la India.<ref name=":6" /><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;44.</ref> Bangwe ba batho ba Eiland ba ne ba fuduga go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa ya gompieno go tsena mo Botswana wa gompieno mo bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;64.</ref> Batho ba Toutswe, ba bangwe ba morafe wa Zhizo, ba ne ba fudugela kwa Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bongwe mme ba nna setlhopha se se nonofileng go gaisa mo kgaolong, ba bona khumo ya bona ka go nna le dikgomo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;13.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;56.</ref> Go ne ga agiwa metse e meraro ya Ba-Toutswe kwa [[:en:Bosutswe|Bosutswe]], Sung, le [[:en:Toutswemogala|Toutswemogala]], mongwe le mongwe wa bone o ne o busa metse e mennye e e neng e e dikologile.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;57.</ref> Ka ngwagakgolo wa bo 12, Ba-Toutswe ba ne ba anametse kwa Sekakeng sa Kalahari.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;60.</ref> Boleng jwa ditlhagiswa bo ne jwa fetogafetoga fa kgwebisano e ntse e atolosiwa le ditšhaba di sele mme go ribololwa ga gauta go ne ga diragala, go fokotsa kgatlhego mo ditlhagisweng tsa sebilo le tsa diphologolo jaaka lonaka lwa tlou.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;27–28.</ref> Morafe mongwe kwa Tsodilo o ne o na le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo kgwebong ya sebilo go fitlha e wa kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le bobedi la dingwaga.<ref name=":7">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;27.</ref> Merafe e e kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Botswana e ne e le kgakala le ditiragalo tse mme e ne ya sala e sa amege thata.<ref name=":8">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;28.</ref> Baagisani ba Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bongwe le wa lesome le bobedi e ne e le batho ba [[:en:Leopard's_Kopje|Leopard's Kopje]] kwa botlhaba.<ref name=":9">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], pp.&#x20;12–13.</ref> <ref name=":10">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;61.</ref>Ba tlhomilwe la ntlha kwa [[:en:Bambandyanalo|Bambandyanalo]], ba ne ba nna batho ba bagolo mo kgwebong ya kgaolo mme ba fudugela kwa Mapungubwe kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bongwe kwa ba neng ba bopa [[:en:Kingdom_of_Mapungubwe|Bogosi jwa Mapungubwe]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;67–68.</ref> Ba ne ba bonela pele tlhotlheletso go ralala kgaolo fa gare ga ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bobedi.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /> Batho ba Okavango Delta le batho ba Tsodilo mme morago ba ne ba patelesega go tlogela mafelo a bone a bodulo mo nakong e, se se ka tswang se bakilwe ke gore ba ne ba kgaotswe mo ditseleng tse dikgolo tsa kgwebo. Ke batho ba Khoe fela ba ba neng ba nna mo lefelong leo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou & Campbell 1997]], pp. 46, 81.</ref>Mapungubwe e ne ya wa ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro,<ref name=":11">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;14.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;69.</ref> mme metse ya Toutswe, e e neng e kgaotswe mo kgwebong, e ne ya wa mo nako e le nngwe.<ref name=":10" />Batho ba Mambo ba ne ba nna go dikologa [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]] ya gompieno mme ba nna le tlhotlheletso mo tikologong ya nako e.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;80.</ref> Batho ba segompieno ba Tswana, [[:en:Khalagari_people|Khalagari]], le [[:en:Sotho_people|Sotho]] ba simolotse go bopega kwa kgaolong ya Transvaal mo e ka nnang ka lekgolo la lesome le bobedi la dingwaga.<ref name=":12">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;89.</ref> Ba-Khalagari ba ne ba fudugela kwa bophirima kwa lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang borwabotlhaba jwa Botswana.<ref name=":13">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;96.</ref> Batho ba Fokeng le bone ba ne ba tlhagelela kwa bophirima ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bobedi,<ref name=":14">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;93.</ref> mme batho ba Moloko ba ne ba tlhagelela ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro.<ref name=":12" /> Morafe wa tshimologo wa BaTswana, losika lwa bogosi lwa Phofu, o tlhodilwe kwa kgaolong ya Transvaal ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro ke Mogale. Mo makgolong a dingwaga a a latelang, e ne ya kgaogana go nna merafe e le mmalwa ya Batswana, go akaretsa le merafe ya Bahurutshe, [[:en:Kwena_people|Kwena]], [[:en:Ngwaketse_people|Ngwaketse]], [[:en:Ngwato_people|Ngwato]], Tlharo, le batho ba ba [[:en:Ngwato_people|Kgatla]].<ref name=":13" /> [[:en:Kingdom_of_Zimbabwe|Bogosi jwa Zimbabwe]] bo ne jwa tlhagelela mme jwa ema mo boemong jwa Mapungubwe e le maatla a kgaolo ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro fa batho ba Gumanye ba ne ba nna le tlhotlheletso mo toropong ya [[:en:Great_Zimbabwe|Great Zimbabwe]], e e neng ya kgona go laola kgwebisano gaufi thata ka lefatshe la yone le le botlhokwa le ditsompelo tsa yone le go nna gaufi le lebopo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;77–78.</ref> Zimbabwe e ne e laola merafe e mentsi e e neng e le teng mo lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang bokonebotlhaba jwa Botswana,<ref name=":15">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xvi.</ref> mme kgwebisano ya gauta e ne ya nna selo se se neng se tlhotlheletsa itsholelo ya kgaolo eo.<ref name=":11" /> Zimbabwe e ne e latlhegelwa ke tlhotlheletso kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le bone la dingwaga, mme e ne ya wela mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> Dinaga tse dingwe di le mmalwa di ne tsa tlhagelela morago ga go wa ga yone. [[:en:Kingdom_of_Butua|Bogosi jwa Butua]], jo bo neng jwa bopiwa ke [[:en:Kalanga_people|merafe ya Kalanga]], bo ne jwa tsaya maemo a Zimbabwe mo molelwaneng wa gompieno wa Botswana–Zimbabwe.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":15" /><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;98–100.</ref> Batho ba Tswana le [[:en:Pedi_people|Bapedi]] ba ne ba latela batho ba Khalagari kwa bophirima mo e ka nnang kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le bone<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> mme [[:en:Rolong_people|batho ba Rolong]] ba ne ba kgaogana ka fa tlase ga puso ya ga Morolong.<ref name=":13" /> Kgosi Masilo go bolelwa fa a ne a busa merafe yotlhe ya bophirima jwa Tswana ka nako e, go fitlhela batho ba Tlharo ba kgaogana le puso ya gagwe. Morago ga moo go bolelwa fa lefelo le le ne le busiwa ke Malope kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga.<ref name=":14" /> === Lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga go fitlha ka lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga === [[Setshwantsho:Campbell - Thlapingkaptein en sy vrou.png|thumb|Setshwantsho sa monna wa Motswana le mosadi wa gagwe mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1800]] Batho ba baTswana ba ne ba fuduga fa gare ga Botswana wa gompieno ka ba ne ba fudusiwa ke batho ba naga le batho ba mmuso wa ga mmamosadinyana go tswa kwa borwa,<ref name=":16">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;19.</ref> mme ba ne ba le teng go ralala Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwaga sekete le makgolo a le marataro.<ref name=":17">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;703.</ref> Morafe wa ntlha wa BaTswana, losika lwa ga Phofu, lo ne lwa wela tlase kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;104.</ref> Diphudugo tse dikgolo tsa batho ba Kalanga le Sotho–Tswana di diragetse mo lekgolong la lesome le botlhano le la lesome le borataro la dingwaga.<ref name=":11" /> Batho ba ba Kalanga ba ne ba laola lefatshe le le fa gare ga [[:en:Motloutse_River|Noka ya Motloutse]] le [[:en:Makgadikgadi_Pan|Letsha la Makgadikgadi]] go fitlhela ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabobedi.<ref name=":7" /> Batho ba Hurutshe, Kgatla, le Kwena ba ne ba kgaogana le losika lwa segosi lwa ga Phofu kwa kgaolong ya Transvaal mo gare ga komelelo le dintwa tsa boswa, mme kgabagare ba fudugela kwa bokone go ya kwa Botswana wa gompieno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;10.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;97.</ref> Batho ba Ngwaketse le ba Ngwato ba ne ba kgaogana le Bakwena ka ngwaga wa sekete le makgolo a matlhano le boraro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;105.</ref> Batho bangwe ba kgaolo ba ne ba nna mo Motlheng wa Bofelo wa Leje go fitlha mo e ka nnang mo lekgolong la lesome le borataro la dingwaga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;22.</ref> Batho ba Botswana wa gompieno ba simolodistse ditsela tse di telle tsa motsamao ko bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le bosupa, e tsamaelwa dikilometara tse makgolo go rekisa,go tsoma le go itsalanya le batho.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;108–109.</ref>Merafe e ne e kgona go kgaogana motlhofo abo e ipopa ka bongwe go tswa mo go ba bangwe ka gore dithoto tse dipotlana , le leruo tsa lefelo ne di kgona go tsmaisiwa motlhofo.<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":16" />Merafe ya botlhabatsatsi e ne e tshabellwa ke go kgaogana ka ntlha ya seele se se tona gareng ga toropo le ditshimo.<ref name=":18">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;392.</ref>Kgaogano gareng ga ditlhopa tsa baTswana e nnile mo gareng ga ngwagakgolong ya lesome le bosupa, e tlhalosa merafe ya segompieno.<ref name=":19">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;106.</ref>Merafe ya baTswana ba botlhabatsatsi e ne e nna e le maikaelelo a dintwa tsa [[:en:Griqua_people|batho ba Griqua]].<ref name=":18" /> Fa batho ba baTswana ba tswa bokone go ya Botswana wa borwa-bophirima wa segompieno ka ngwagakgolo ya lesome le bosupa , ba ne ba nna mo metseng e e neng e nna batho ba Kgalagari, ba ba tshwaetsa kgotsa ba ba ntsha. Batho ba ba Kwena le merafe ya bone ya lekala ba ne ba fudugela kwa Botswana wa segompieno ka fa tlase ga taolo ya [[:en:Kgabo_II|Kgabo wa bobedi]] ba bo ba nna gaufi le motse wa [[:en:Molepolole|Molepolole]].<ref name=":19" />Go ya ka setso sa molomo, bapatole ba e leng batho ba Herero le Mbanderu ba ne ba kgaogana go tswa mo bathung ba Mbunda ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bosupa fa ntwa tsa leruo la batswana le ne le phatlalatsa ditlhopa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;8–9.</ref> le batho ba Bayeyi ba ne ba fudugela kwa Okavango Delta go ya kwa nokeng ya Chobe ka ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;8.</ref>Mo mafelong a mangwe, batho ba Kaa ba ne ba kgaogana go tswa mo bathong ba Rolong le batho ba Khurutse ba kgaogana le batho ba Bahurutshe, fa ditlhopa tsotlhe di fudugela kwa bokone.<ref name=":20">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;107.</ref>Batho ba Bashaga ba ne ba kopana le batho ba Kgalagari ko bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;110.</ref> State sa ntlha sa Tswana se tlhamilwe ke batho ba Ngwaketse bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi. Si state tse dingwe tsa Tswana di ne tsa tlhamiwa ka go latelana ke batho ba ba Kwena, batho ba Ngwato le batho ba ba Tawana mo dingwageng tse lesome tse nne di latela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;113.</ref> Ka se go ne ga tla ditlhabololo tsa ''mophato (''bontsi ''mephato),'' mephato ya sesole e e rulagantsweng k a dingwaga tsa setlhopa, gareng ga batho ba Tswana ba bophirima mo dingwageng tsa sekete le makgolo a supa le masome a matlhano''.''<ref name=":21">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;386.</ref>Batho ba le babedi ba Kgatla , batho ba Kgafela le batho ba ba Tlokwa, ba tsene mo nakong e ba bo ba tsaa taolo mo tikologong ya [[:en:Pilanesberg|Pilanesberg]] mo Aforika Borewng wa segompieno. Ba ne ba laola ka thata bontsi jwa batho mo lefelong leo mme ebile ba fentse dintwa tse pedi le batho ba Fokeng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], pp.&#x20;390–391.</ref>Tiriso ya mephato e ne ya phatlatsega kwa bathong ba Tswana ba kwa botlhaba kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo.<ref name=":21" />E ne e sa amogelwa go phutologilwe mo borwa === Difaqane === [[:en:Difaqane|Difaqane]], nako ya dintwa le phuduso mo borwa jwa Aforika , e diragetse kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi le tshimologo ya ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabongwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;17.</ref> Mo nakong ye, batho ba baTswana ba ne ba le mo '''kgonegong''' ya dintwa ke ditlhopa di le dintsi ,di akaretsa [[:en:Northern_Ndebele_people|Ndebele]], ba [[:en:Kololo_people|Kololo]], ba [[:en:Ngoni_people|Ngoni]],<ref name=":8" /> ba Pedi, le ba [[:en:Voortrekker|Voortrekkers]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;391.</ref>Bontsi jwa ditlhopa tsa ba Tswana di itlhopetse go boela morago ko ntlheng ga go lwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;394.</ref>Sese ne sa trigger phudugo e e extensive e e ralalang lefelo, go baka gore morafe wa ba Tswana o phatlalale thata abo o simolodisa bolengteng jo bo nonofileng gareng ga territory ya Botswana wa segompieno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;25.</ref>Ba ne ba nna thata mo [[:en:Hardveld|nageng e e thata]] e e dirang kgaolo ya botlhaba jwa Botswana wa gompieno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;29.</ref> Batho ba Kwena le ba Ngwaketse ba ne ba fuduga go tswa kwa motseng wa [[:en:South_African_Republic|Transvaal]] go ya kwa ''lefelong la motlhaba''.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;18.</ref> Batho ba ntlha wa Kgatla go nna mo Botswana wa gompieno, batho ba Mmanaana, o ne wa fuduga go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le borobabongwe pele ga o nna kwa [[:en:Moshupa|Moshupa]] le [[:en:Thamaga|Thamaga]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMatemba2003|Matemba 2003]], p.&#x20;53, 56.</ref> Ke fela bangwe ba merafe ya Tswana ya bokonebophirima ba ba neng ba bolokwa mo go fudugeng kgotsa mo go kgorelediweng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;393.</ref> Batho ba Kololo ba ne ba tlhasela merafe ya Tswana ya bokonebophirima ka ngwaga wa 1826, ba pateletsa BaKwena le BaNgwaketse go tswa mo dikgaolong tsa bona ka go farologana. Sebogo, molaodi wa morafe wa Ngwaketse, o ne a tsosa banna ba le dikete dile nne mo ''mephatong'' ya bone mme ba dikaganyetsa Dithubaruba kwa Bakololo ba neng ba nna teng. Ba bolaya batlhabani le baagi, ba kobela ruri Bakololo mo kgaolong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], pp.&#x20;393–394.</ref> Merafe e ne ya tlhoma dinaga tsa yone gape ka dingwaga tsa bo 1840, ya tlhoma ditoropo le metsana e le mmalwa ya bogolo jo bo farologaneng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;31.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;693.</ref><ref name=":22">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;114.</ref> Puso e ne e ikaegile ka ''[[:en:Kgotla|kgotla]]'', kopano ya dipuisano e mo go yone kgosi kgotsa moeteledipele wa kgaolo a neng a utlwa matshwenyego a bontsi jwa baagi ba banna pele a tsaya ditshwetso.<ref name=":34">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;695.</ref><ref name=":23">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;77.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1880, batho ba Tswana le ba Khalagari ba ne ba dirile Botswana yotlhe ya gompieno dikolone.<ref name=":20" /> === Barongwa ba karolokgolo ya lefatshe ya Europe === Barongwa ba karolokgolo ya lefatshe ya Europe ba ne ba goroga lantlha mo Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwaga wa 1816 ka [[:en:London_Missionary_Society|London Missionary Society]]. Setlhopha se le tse dingwe tsa barongwa di ne tsa dira go fetolela dikgosi mo Bokereseteng le go aga dikolo tsa barongwa.<ref name=":24">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;38.</ref> Morongwa [[:en:Robert_Moffat_(missionary)|Robert Moffat]] o ne a baya motse wa gagwe wa borongwa mo molelwaneng wa Botswana wa gompieno jaaka sekgoreletsi kgatlhanong le Maburu gore ba se ka ba kgona go ya kwa teng.<ref name=":8" /> Moffat o gatisitse mokwalo wa ntlha wa puo ya Setswana o o nang le mokwalo o o tshwanang fa a ne a simolola go ranola dikwalo tsa Sekeresete le go kwala thanodi ya Setswana. Tesetamente e Kgologolo le e Ntšhwa ka bobedi di ne di kgona go balwa ka Setswana ka ngwaga wa 1857.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;57, 65.</ref> Batho ba Tswana ba ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabongwe ba ne ba dirisa dikgopolo di le mmalwa tsa itsholelo tse di neng di le sewelo mo borwa jwa Aforika, go akaretsa sekoloto, dikonteraka tsa tirelo, le thulaganyo ya ''mafisa'' ya bahumi ba adima bahumanegi dikgomo go ba ananya ka tiro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;701.</ref> Gape ba ne ba na le kgopolo ya dithoto tse di fhapegileng ka bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabongwe , mme banna ba ba nyetsweng le basadi ba ba nyetsweng ba ne ba na le tshwanelo ya ditshwanelo tsa lefatshe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;698.</ref> Banna ba ne ba disa dikgomo fa basadi ba ne ba lema dijalo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;31–32.</ref> Mabele e ne e le sejalo se se neng se lengwa thata mo kgaolong eo mo lekgolong la lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga. Naga e ne e le teng thata, fela komelelo e ne e raya gore temothuo e ne e sa tlhomama.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;34.</ref> Bagwebi ba lefatshe la Britain ba gorogile ka dingwaga tsa bo 1830 mme ba dira ditirisano le dikgosi.<ref name=":24" /> Go tla ga baagi ba karolokgolo ya lefatshe la Europe ba ba neng ba nna gaufi le foo go ne ga dira gore merafe ya Batswana e kgone go ikamanya le itsholelo ya lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;43.</ref> Kgosi [[:en:Sechele_I|Sechele]] [[:en:Sechele_I|wa ntlha]] wa batho ba Bakwena o ne a dirisa ditsela tse dišwa tsa kgwebo, a netefatsa taolo ya kgwebo ya lefatshe la Britain ya morafe wa gagwe.<ref name=":22" /> Morongwa wa kwa Scotland e bong [[:en:David_Livingstone|David Livingstone]] o ne a goroga mo Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1845, kwa a neng a tlhoma lekgotla la [[:en:Kolobeng_Mission|Kolobeng Mission]]. Se e ne e le tshimologo ya go nna le seabe mo go bokete ga karolokgolo ya lefatshe la Europe mo merafeng ya Batswana fa ba ne ba tlhoma ditsela tsa kgwebisano tsa dikontinente tse di farologaneng.<ref name=":15" /> Moaparo wa Bophirima o ne wa amogelwa kwa ditoropong go ralala ngwagakgolo otlhe mme o kopanngwa le diaparo tsa setso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;120–121.</ref> Mo maitekong a mangwe a go kgoreletsa Maburu, Livingstone o ne a fa batho ba Kwena ditlhobolo. Sechele e ne e le motho wa ntlha yo Livingstone a neng a mo sokololela mo Bokereseteng, mme morago ga moo kgosi e ne ya ithaopela go sokolola banna ba gagwe ba tlhogo a dirisa disefe tsa letlalo la tshukudu.<ref name=":25">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;29.</ref> Bogosi jwa Butua jwa batho ba Kalanga bo ne jwa wa ka ngwaga wa 1840.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;100.</ref> Batho ba Tswana ba ne ba lebana le kgotlhang go tswa mo ditlhopheng tse dingwe mo kgaolong, mme ya goroga kwa setlhoeng ka dingwaga tsa bo 1850. Batswana ba le bantsi, bogolosegolo merafe ya Kwena le Ngwato, ba ne ba lwa kgatlhanong le merafe ya Maaforikanere le ya MaZulu kwa botlhaba jwa Sekaka sa Kalahari.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;195.</ref> Ba-Kwena le Ba-Mmanaana ba ne ba lwantsha Maburu go tswa kwa Transvaal ka ngwaga wa 1852, ba sireletsa kgaolo ya bone mme ba fedisa go atologa ga setšhaba go ya kwa bophirima.<ref name=":26">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;396.</ref> Batswana ba ne ba bona ditlhopha tsa barongwa e le tsela ya go tshabela mo batlhaseding, ba rotloetsa go sokologela mo Bokereseteng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;196.</ref> Sechele o ne a kopa tshireletso ya lefatshe la Britain ka 1853 go fedisa dintwa tsa kgaolo, mme o ne a ganwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;107.</ref> Baeng ba Europa ba ne ba tlwaelesegile thata mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bo19 la dingwaga fa batsomi, batlhotlhomisi, le bagwebi ba ne ba batla dipoelo le go bona dilo tse di kgatlhang mo kgaolong eo.<ref name=":25" /> Ba le bantsi ba ne ba kwala [[:en:Travel_book|dibuka tsa maeto]] ka ga lefelo leo, tse e neng e le dingwe tsa dikgatiso fela tse e seng tsa thuto ka ga Botswana wa gompieno ka nako eo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;65–66.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1860, go fuduga go tswa mo kgaolong go ne ga oketsega fa banna ba Batswana ba ne ba tsaya loeto go ya go bereka kwa meepong ya Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;96.</ref> Go ribololwa ga Masimo a [[:en:Tati_Goldfields|Gauta a Tati]] go ne ga tsosa go batla gauta ga ntlha ga karolokgolo ya lefatshe la Europe kwa Borwa jwa Aforika ka ngwaga wa 1868.<ref name=":24" /> Kampa ya pele ya meepo e e neng ya tlhongwa ka dingwaga tsa bo 1870 e ne ya atologa thata fa e ne e nna lefelo le legolo la terena fa gare ga [[:en:Cape_Province|kgaolo ya Cape]] le [[:en:Bulawayo|Bulawayo]], mme ya nna toropokgolo ya ntlha ya Botswana, e leng [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;15, 29.</ref> Mo nakong e mo hisitoring ya Botswana, dikgosi tse dikgolo tsotlhe e ne e le Bakeresete.[92] Ntwa magareng ga Bakwena le BaKgafela ka ngwaga wa 1875.<ref name=":26" />Kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga di le lesome, kgosi [[:en:Khama_III|Khama wa boraro]] wa batho ba Ngwato o ne a gapa taolo ya kgwebisano ya Borithane mo bathong ba Kwena.<ref name=":22" /> == Tshireletso ya lefatshe la Bechuanaland == ''Setlhogo se segolo: [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland]]'' Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le tshaba tlhotlheletso e e oketsegang ya lefatshe la Germany mo kgaolong, mme e ne ya dumela go bopa [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland]].<ref name=":27">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom & Bolt 2018]], p. 40.</ref><ref name=":28">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;23.</ref> Makgowa a Britain a ne a eletsa go somarela tlhotlheletso ya yone mo merafeng ya Batswana, ka a ne a neelana ka kgolagano magareng ga borwa le bogare jwa Aforika.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;44.</ref> Dikgosi tsa Tswana di ne di tshaba go tsenelelwa ke [[:en:German_South_West_Africa|Jeremane ya Aforika Borwa Bophirima]] le [[:en:Afrikaners|Maaforikaner]],<ref name=":29">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;161.</ref> mme di ne di dumela gore tsela e nngwe ya taolo ya Borithane e ne e le bokoloniale jwa baagi ke Jeremane.<ref name=":30">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;694.</ref> Ba ne ba eletsa gape go tila go wela ka fa tlase ga taolo ya Aforika Borwa kgotsa moeteledipele wa meepo [[:en:Cecil_Rhodes|Cecil Rhodes]], le fa tshireletso e santse e iphitlhela e ikaegile ka Aforika Borwa mo itsholelong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;197.</ref> Kgaolo e ne e kgaogantswe go nna lefatshe la merafe le le busiwang ke dikgosi le [[:en:Crown_land|lefatshe la segosi]] le le laolwang ke United Kingdom.<ref name=":29" /> Merafe e borobarobedi e ne ya amogelwa ke Maesemane fa go ne go tlhodiwa protectorate. Tse nne tse dikgolo di ne tsa fiwa dipolokelo tsa merafe: Bakwena, BaNgwaketse, BaNgwato le BaTawana. Gape go ne ga lemogiwa tse tharo tse dinnye: tsa Kgatla, tsa [[:en:Tlokwa_people|Tlokwa]] le tsa ga [[:en:Malete_people|Malete]]. Ba borobedi, ba Tshidi, ba ne ba fiwa lefelo la polokelo le le kgabaganyang molelwane magareng ga naga e e sireleditsweng le Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;30n1.</ref> Fa maloko a merafe e mennye e e seng ya Batswana a ne a letleletswe go tsaya karolo mo setšhabeng le pusong ya Batswana, ba ne ba sa fiwa dipolokelo tsa merafe tsa bona.<ref name=":17" /> Go tsenngwa ga dipolokelo tsa merafe go ne ga fetola mofuta wa puso ya Motswana, ka merafe e ne e sa tlhalosiwe thata mo nakong e e fetileng mme e ne e ka atolosiwa kgotsa ya sutisiwa. Ka dikgaolo di kgaogantswe ka dipuso tsa merafe, baagi ba ne ba sa tlhole ba kgona go tswa mo morafeng motlhofo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;46–47.</ref><ref name=":31">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;24.</ref> Tshireletso kwa tshimologong e ne ya atologela kwa Ngwato, e fitlha go tswa go didikirii di le masome a mabedi le bobedi kwa borwa go ya kwa [[:en:Molopo_River|Nokeng ya Molopo]], mme e ne ya atolosiwa go ya kwa didikiriing di le lesome le borobabobedi kwa borwa go fitlhela kwa Nokeng ya Chobe ka ngwaga wa 1890.<ref name=":22" /><ref name=":32">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;30.</ref>Se se ne sa tlamela Maborithane ka badiri ba bantsi ka fa tlase ga taolo ya yona mme sa bopa sekgoreletsi se segolo sa go lekanyetsa bokoloniale jwa Jeremane.<ref name=":32" /> Batho ba bangwe ba Tswana ba ne ba nna kwa borwa jwa tshireletso mme moragonyana ba ne ba tsenngwa mo Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":28" /> Batho ba ga Kgafela ba ne ba nna kwa [[:en:Mochudi|Mochudi]] ka ngwaga wa 1887. Setlhopha se sa Kgatla se ne sa nna le tlhotlheletso ka bonako mo kgaolong mme leina la sone la nna seka-Kgatla.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMatemba2003|Matemba 2003]], p.&#x20;53.</ref>Masole a Borithane a a neng a eteletswe pele ke [[:en:Charles_Warren|Charles Warren]] a ne a goroga ka ngwaga wa 1891 go tlhoma tshireletso semmuso.<ref name=":29" /> Puso ya yone e ne ya tlhalosiwa, mme ga tlhomiwa mookamedi go nna tlhogo ya yone. Mookamedi o ne a fiwa dithata tse di anameng mo tshireletsong, fa fela a ne a tlotla molao wa morafe o o neng o tlhomilwe pele.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;45.</ref> Motsemogolo wa yone e ne e le toropo ya Aforika Borwa ya Vryburg, go supa gore babusi ba bokoloniale ba ne ba sa nne mo tshireletsong mme ba ne ba sa amege ka tlhamalalo mo mererong ya yona.<ref name=":33">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;41.</ref>Go na le moo, mookamedi yo mogolo o ne a dira ka bathusa-baokamedi ba babedi, mme mookamedi wa kgaolo o ne a tlhofofatsa go ikgolaganya le merafe e e farologaneng.<ref name=":35">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;229.</ref> Go tsenngwa ga puso ya Borithane mo Aforikaborwa go ne go raya gore Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland e ne e ikaegile ka yona mo itsholelong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;162.</ref> Puso ya Borithane e ne e dumela gore Bechuanaland Protectorate ke setheo sa nakwana fela mme e ne e solofetse gore e tla tloga e tsewa ke kolone ya Borithane.<ref name=":37">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;115.</ref> Fa go ntse jalo, e ne e dumela gore tshireletso e e kgonang go itshedisa e tla ja madi a mannye go e tlhokomela.<ref name=":30" /><ref name=":41">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;108.</ref> Ka ntlha ya mabaka a, puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya gapeletsa taolo e nnye fela e e tlhamaletseng ya Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland.<ref name=":23" /> Dikgosi di ne di akola dikgang tse mme tsa kgona go ithatafatsa le go ikhumisa; ba ne ba boloka boipuso jo bo anameng, fela tshegetso ya bokoloniale e ne e raya gore ba ne ba sa tlhole ba tlhoka tumelelo ya merafe go tshegetsa puso.<ref name=":36">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;41–42.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;66–67.</ref>[ Puso ya merafe e ne ya nna ya seemanosi, se se neng sa baka go gataka ditshwanelo tsa batho le go tlhaola basadi le merafe e mennye.<ref name=":38">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], pp.&#x20;161–162.</ref> === Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa tshireletso === {{Multiple image|total_width=300|image1=Chief-khama-III.jpg|image2=Sebele I by Fritsch 1865.jpg|image3=Bathoen I in london1895.jpg|footer=Khama III, Sebele I le Bathoen I, ba ba neng ba kgona go tlhotlheletsa puso ya Borithane gore e se ka ya tsenya Bechuanaland Protectorate mo taolong ya Khamphani ya British South Africa.|direction=Horizontal}} Batho ba lefatshe la Britain ba ne a rulagantse gore kwa bofelong ba akaretse Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland mo Kopanong ya Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":31" /> Mo dingwageng morago ga go tlhamiwa ga tshireletso, United Kingdom e ne ya tsena mo dipuisanong le Cecil Rhodes go e tsenya mo [[:en:British_South_Africa_Company|komponeng ya Aforika Borwa ya Borithane]].<ref name=":27" /> Fa ba araba, dikgosi tse tharo tse di nang le tlhotlheletso thata—Khama wa boraro wa Ba-Ngwato, Sebele Iwa ntlha wa Ba-Kwena, le Bathoen wa ntlha wa Ba-Ngwaketse—ba ne ba tsaya loeto lwa bodipolomate go ya kwa lefatsheng la United Kingdom ka ngwaga wa1895 mme ba dira gore puso e se ka ya wetsa tumalano eo.<ref name=":33" /><ref name=":39">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xvii.</ref>Se se ne sa tlhoma sekao sa dikgosi tse di dirisanang le makgoa a lefatshe la Briritsh jaaka setlhopha se se kopaneng<ref name=":40">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;704.</ref> mme sa kwala batho ba bararo ba jaaka batho ba ntlha mo ditsong tsa Botswana jaaka setšhaba se le sengwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;29.</ref> Tsela e Rhodes a neng a tshwara [[:en:Jameson_Raid|Jameson Raid]] ka yone e e neng ya palelwa e ne ya kgoba makgowa a lefatshe la British marapo mme dipuisano tsa busediwa morago go ya go ile.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;30–31.</ref> Go ketekwa ga dikgosi tse go ne ga felela ka go gatisiwa ga Dikgosi tse Tharo tse dikgolo tsa Aforika: ''Khamé'', ''Sebéle'' le ''Bathoeng'' ke Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa lefatshe la London ka one ngwaga oo. Mokwalo o o [[:en:Founding_myth|tlhagisitse tlhamane]] e e simolotseng ya gore merafe ya bone e meraro ka go farologana e tlhodilwe ke bakaulengwe ba bararo.<ref name=":42">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFParsons2006|Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;670.</ref> Gape ka ngwaga wa 1895, motsemogolo o ne wa fudusiwa go tswa kwa Vryburg go ya kwa toropong e nngwe ya Aforika Borwa, [[:en:Mafeking|Mafeking]],<ref name=":33" />mme kompone ya Marope a Bogologolo e ne ya kwadisiwa go epa marope a pele ga ditso kwa Bechuanaland le Rhodesia go batla gauta.<ref name=":32" /> Tshireletso e ne ya amiwa thata ke go runya ga bolwane mo diphologolong ya Aforika ya dingwaga tsa bo 1890, ya latlhegelwa ke dikarolo tse dikgolo tsa leruo la yona le diphologolo tsa naga.<ref name=":39" /> [[:en:1890s_African_rinderpest_epizootic|Seporo sa tshireletso se agilwe ka]] [[:en:1890s_African_rinderpest_epizootic|ngwaga wa 1897]] jaaka mola o mogolo wa phetiso ya bokone–borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;226.</ref> Fa lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le tsosa [[:en:Pioneer_Column|setlhopa sa Babulatsela]] go ya ntweng le batho ba Ndebele, [[:en:Khama_III|Khama wa boraro]] wa Ngwato o ne a thusa ka go romela masole.<ref name=":43">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;32.</ref> Botswana e ne ya nna lefelo la [[:en:Jameson_Raid|tlhaselo ya ga Jameson]] ka 1896.<ref name=":39" /> Morafe wa Kgatla moragonyana o ne wa nna karolo ya [[:en:Boer_War|Ntwa ya Maburu]], o lwa mmogo le Sesole sa Borithane.<ref name=":43" /> Itsholelo ya pele ya bokoloniale ya Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland e ne ya nna e tshwana thata le itsholelo ya pele ga bokoloniale.<ref /> United Kingdom e ne e dirisa thata naga ya tshireletso jaaka tlamelo ya badiri, e fa Batswana ba ba neng ba fudugela kwa borwa go ya go bereka mo meepong dituelo tse di kwa godimo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;42.</ref> Makgetho le one a ne a tsenngwa, go simolola ka [[:en:Hut_tax|lekgetho la ntlwana]] ka ngwaga wa 1899, le le neng la emisediwa ka [[:en:Poll_tax|lekgetho la ditlhopho]] ka ngwaga wa 1909.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;43.</ref> Lekgetho la selegae le ne la tsenngwa moragonyana ka ngwaga wa 1919.<ref name=":44">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;31.</ref>Makgetho a bokoloniale kwa Tshireletsong ya Bechuanaland a ne a le kwa godimo go feta a dikoloni tse di mabapi, mme se sa dira gore batho ba le bantsi ba fudugele kwa borwa, mme dikgosi di ne tsa letlelela go abelana maatla ka bopelotshweu le baagi go ba rotloetsa go nna.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;43–44.</ref> Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la akanyetsa go kopanya tshireletso mo Aforika Borwa jaaka e ne e [[:en:South_Africa_Act_1909|kopanya dikoloni tsa yona tsa borwa jwa Aforika]], fela kwa bofelong e ne ya di kopanya ka itsholelo ka go tlhama Kopano ya Melelwane ya Aforika Borwa,<ref name=":39" /> ya kopana ka ngwaga wa 1910.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;137.</ref> Boloko bo ne bo dira gore tshireletso e nne le karolo tse pedi mo lekgolong fela ya lotseno lwa bokopano.<ref name=":44" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1910, merafe yotlhe ya Batswana e ne e amogetse Bokeresete.<ref name=":24" />Bechuanaland e ne ya romela masole a le makgolo a le mmalwa go thusa Sesole sa Borithane ka nako ya [[:en:World_War_I|Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya ntlha]].<ref name=":43" /> Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa London o ne wa iphitlhela o wela tlase ka nako eo, mme ka iketlo o ne wa latlhegelwa ke tlhotlheletso mo pusong e e neng e sireleditswe.<ref name=":42" /> [[:en:Sebele_II|Sebele wa bobedi]] o ne a nna kgosi ya Kwena ka ngwaga wa 1918, a tlhatlhama rraagwe, [[:en:Sechele_II|Sechele]] [[:en:Sechele_II|wa bobedi]]. Sechele II o ne a thulana le Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa London o o neng o laola, a letlelela go nna teng ga Anglican le go busetsa mekgwa e mentsi ya setso e e jaaka go nyala basadi ba le bantsi, go dira pula le ''[[:en:Bogwera|bogwera]]''. Sebele II o ne a tswelela ka kgwetlho ya ga rraagwe kwa Mokgatlhong wa Barongwa wa London, go ngongorega ga puso ya Borithane.<ref /> Puso e e gabedi ya dikgosi le tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e ne ya dira gore tsamaiso e nne thata, ka jalo tsamaiso e ne ya tlhama makgotla a mabedi a bagakolodi go lekalekanya balaodi bao.<ref name=":44" /> Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Batswana (moragonyana Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Aforika) le ne la tlhongwa ka ngwagawa 1919.<ref name=":35" />Kopano e ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya dikgosi le batho ba bangwe ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso mo tshireletsong e ne ya letla puso ya Borithane go utlwa le go laola merafe mmogo go na le ka bongwe.[<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;47–49.</ref>] Khama wa boraro wa Ngwato o ne a gana go tsaya karolo, a supa bokoa jwa tiragatso ya thibelo ya bojalwa mo morafeng wa borwa. Khama wa boraro o ne a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 1923<ref name=":45">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;230.</ref> mme a tlhatlhangwa ke [[:en:Sekgoma_II|Sekgoma]] [[:en:Sekgoma_II|wa bobedi]], yo o neng a direla go fitlha a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 1926.<ref name=":45" /> Morwa wa ga Sekgoma e bong [[:en:Seretse_Khama|Seretse Khama]] o ne a sa ntse a le lesea, ka jalo [[:en:Tshekedi_Khama|Tshekedi Khama]] o ne a nna mmusi.<ref name=":46">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> Tshekedi o ne a lemogwa jaaka moemedi wa merafe yotlhe ya Batswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;25.</ref> Fa Seretse a ntse a gola, Tshekedi o ne a gatelela gore a fiwe [[:en:Liberal_education|thuto e e gololesegileng]] go na le gore a romelwe kwa sekolong sa madirelo sa Rhodesia.<ref>Samatar 1999, p.&#x20;179.</ref> === Tlhabololo le tlhotlheletso e e oketsegileng ya Borithane === Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1920, kgosi Isang Pilane wa batho ba Kgatla o ne a okametse sekema sa ntlha se segolo sa tlhabololo ya metsi sa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland , a dira gore go epiwe metswedi ya metsi e le lesomethataro, mme di le supa tsa tsone di ne tsa nna ditlamelo tsa metsi tse di atlegileng. Tse e ne tsa tlwaelega thata mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di latelang fa puso ya Borithane e ne e kgatlhegela go atolosa itsholelo ya tshireletso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;70.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1930, Isang Pilane le Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Batswana ba ne ba dira gore dikhuti di nne tse di hapegileng, ka gonne di ne di sa tlhokomelwe ka fa tlase ga bong jo bo kopanetsweng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], pp.&#x20;699–700.</ref> Komelelo e e masisi e ne ya nna teng mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1930, ya bolaya go feta karolo ya masome a marataro mo lekgolong ya dikgomo tsa tshireletso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;69.</ref> Puso ya Borithane e ne ya tsaya karolo e e matlhagatlhaga mo pusong ya tshireletso go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1930.<ref name=":47">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;58.</ref><ref name=":41" />Mo ngwageng oo, e ne ya simolola go tlamela ka matlole ka tlhamalalo go tshireletso.<ref name=":48">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;63.</ref> Charles Rey o ne a tlhomiwa go nna molaodi wa Moagi wa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland, mme o ne a na le maikarabelo a go rulaganya itsholelo sešwa go dikologa dikgomo tsa go romelwa kwa ntle.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;55–56.</ref> Maiteko a go fetola tshireletso go ya kwa tlhabololong ya meepo le temothuo ya kgwebo a ne a lekwa mme a bona a kgarametswa morago go tswa mo dikgosing.<ref name=":37" /> Molaodi wa Moagi Rey o ne a thulana le kgosi Sebele wa bobedi, mme a dira gore a lelekwe ka 1931. Sebele II o ne a emisediwa ka morwarraagwe yo mmotlana, Kgari.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;79.</ref> Dikgato tse dingwe di ne tsa lekwa ke puso ya Borithane ka 1934 go thibela maatla a a sa laolweng a dikgosi morago ga go menolwa ga ga Sebele II. Dikgato tseno di ne tsa laela makgotla a bagakolodi a dikgosi di neng di tshwanetse go buisana le one mme di ne di batla gore puso ya Borithane e newe phitlhelelo ya direkoto tsa kgotlatshekelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;69–70.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;49.</ref> Kgosi [[:en:Bathoen_II|Bathoen wa bobedi]] wa Ngwaketse le moemedi Tshekedi Khama wa Ngwato ba ne ba ntsha kgwetlho ya semolao mo maitekong a. Le fa kgotlatshekelo ya Borithane e ne ya atlhola kgatlhanong le kgwetlho, dipholisi tse dišwa ga di ise di ko di tsenngwe tirisong ka botlalo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;72–73.</ref><ref name=":49">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;50.</ref> Dithibelo tse dingwe di ne tsa amogelwa ka kgoeletso ya bokoloniale go lekanyetsa bokgoni jwa dikgosi go lefisa makgetho le go gapa dikgomo tse di timetseng.<ref name=":39" /> Molaodi yo mošwa wa baagi, [[:en:Charles_Arden-Clarke|Charles Arden-Clarke]], o ne a tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa 1936 mme a dira gaufi le dikgosi.<ref name=":49" /> === Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa Ntwa ya Lefatshe II === Dipoifo tsa tlhaselo ya Jeremane kwa Bechuanaland di ne tsa gola pele ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi ka ntlha ya boemo jwa yone jwa togamaano fa gare ga dikoloni tsa Boritane tse di fa gare le tse di kwa borwa mo Aforika. Malatsi a le lesome le bongwe pele ga ntwa e itsisiwe, puso ya Borithane e ne ya tlhagisa naga e e sireleditsweng gore e nne e le mo seemong se se siameng, mme masole a sesole a ne a rulaganngwa. Malatsi a le manè morago ga gore Borithane e bolele ntwa kgatlhanong le lefatshe la Germany, Molaodi wa Moagi Arden-Clarke o ne a tshwara kopano le dikgosi kwa ba neng ba solofetsa go tshegetsa maiteko a ntwa ka botlalo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;32–33.</ref> Letsatsi le le latelang, khomišene e kgolo e ne ya ntsha kgoeletso ya [[:en:Emergency_powers|dithata tsa tshoganyetso]] tse di neng tsa e fa taolo e e feletseng mo tirong ya setšhaba mo tshireletsong, fela dikgosi di ne tsa itsisiwe gore di tla nna le maikarabelo a bontsi jwa tiragatso le go boloka kagiso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;33–34.</ref> Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi di ne di batlile go se go nne le tshusumetso epe mo bathong ba Bechuanaland, mme bontsi bo ne bo na le kakanyo e e sa tlhamalalang fela ya gore ntwa e ne e le teng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;34.</ref> Tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e ne ya ngotlega fa palo e kgolo ya baagi ba basweu ba ne ba ikwadisa mo Sesoleng sa Boritane. Ba ba neng ba setse ba ne ba tlhomile mogopolo mo thulaganyong ya tshireletsego fa go ka direga gore borwa jwa Aforika bo nne letlhakore le lengwe mo ntweng.<ref name=":50">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;35.</ref> Kgatlhanong le dikeletso tsa dikgosi, puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya rotloetsa Batswana ba ba neng ba eletsa go direla le Sesole sa Borithane go ikwadisa le Sesole sa Batswana sa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;38.</ref> Banna ba Batswana ba ka nna makgolo a supa ba ne ba ikwadisa le setlhopha seno.<ref name=":51">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;50.</ref> Go tlhokomela Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland go ne ga nna selo se se kwa tlase mo lefatsheng la United Kingdom ka nako ya Kwelotlase e Kgolo ya itsholelo le Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi,<ref name=":41" /> mme tshireletso ga e a ka ya amogela matlole ape go tswa kwa lefatsheng la United Kingdom ka nako ya ntwa.<ref name=":48" /> Mmusomogolo wa Borithane o ne o na le taolo e nnye mo Bechuanaland fa o bapisiwa le dikgaolo tsa one tse dingwe, mme maiteko a Borithane a go laola tlhagiso ya nako ya ntwa mo tshireletsong a ne a sa atlege.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;124.</ref> Ntwa e ne ya fetola thata itsholelo ya tshireletso fa e ntse e tswelela, ya tlhagisa tlhaelo, go aba dijo, le ditlhwatlhwa tse di kwa godimo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;123.</ref> [[:en:Profiteering|Go dira dipoelo]] le go [[:en:Price_gouging|fokotsa ditlhwatlhwa]] go ne go tlwaelesegile, mme puso ya bokoloniale, e e neng e sa kgone go gagamatsa [[:en:Price_control|ditaolo tsa ditlhwatlhwa]], e ne ya dirisa [[:en:Gentlemen's_agreement|ditumalano tsa banna]] le bagwebi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;138.</ref> Makgetho a ne a tlhatlosiwa mme mananeo a Letlole la Tlhabololo ya Bokoloniale di ne tsa fokodiwa kwa tshimologong ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi go tlhoma boipuso jwa matlole go tswa mo mmusomogolong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;125–126.</ref> Kgoeletso ya Taolo ya Madirelo a Leruo ya ntlha ya ngwaga wa 1940 e ne ya fetisiwa go duedisa dikgomo lekgetho, madirelo a a magolo a tshireletso, mme fela e ne ya kopana le kganetso e e boitshegang go tswa kwa Batswaneng le Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la kaorolokgolong ya lefatsa ya Europe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;136.</ref> Letlole la ntwa le ne le dira kwa Bechuanaland, mme le fa lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le solohetse gore meneelo e nne ya boithaopo, dikgosi di ne tsa dirisa taolo ya tsone mo merafeng ya tsone go pateletsa meneelo. E ne ya emisediwa ka lekgetho ka ngwaga wa1941, fela se se ne se sa ratwe thata mme sa itshupa se le thata go se diragatsa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;128–131.</ref> === Botsayakarolo jwa Batswana mo Ntweng ya Lefatshe II === [[Setshwantsho:Bechuanaland Boys cleaning Aa Guns in the Twilight after Action, Syracuse, Sicily Art.IWMARTLD4576.jpg|thumb|Basimane ba Bechuanaland ba phepafatsa Ditlhobolo tsa Aa mo Lefifing morago ga Tiragalo, Syracuse, Sicily, tiro ya botaki ya 1944 e e dirilweng ke [[:en:Leslie_Cole_(artist)|Leslie Cole]]]] Go thapiwa ga sesole go simolotse kwa Bechuanaland ka ngwaga wa 1941.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;34–35.</ref> Banna ba ka nna dikete tse tlhano le makgolo a matlhano ba ne ba katisiwa mme ba romelwa kwa ntweng mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse thataro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;44.</ref> Banna ba bangwe ba Batswana ba le dikete tse tlhano ba ne ba tsenelela ntwa ka ngwaga wa 1942.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;46.</ref> Ka kakaretso, masole a ka nna dikete tse lesome le bongwe go tswa kwa Bechuanaland a ne a lwa mmogo le Sesole sa Borithane ka nako ya ntwa.<ref name=":50" /> Ba feta dikete tse lesome ba bone ba ne ba direla mo Sesoleng sa Boritane sa [[:en:African_Auxiliary_Pioneer_Corps|Babulatsela ba ba Thusang ba Aforika]].<ref name=":51" /> Dikgosi ka tlwaelo di ne di na le tshwanelo ya go [[:en:Conscript|kwadisa]] masole, mme di ne di itlhokomolosa dikeletso tsa puso ya bokoloniale tsa gore tirelo ya sesole e nne ya boithaopo gotlhelele.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;44–46.</ref> Moemedi Tshekedi Khama wa Ngwato o ne a dira gore a se ka a ratwa ke batho ka go dirisa go tsenngwa mo sesoleng jaaka sedirisiwa sa taolo, a go dirisa sebetsa go didimatsa batshwayadiphoso le baganetsi ba sepolotiki.<ref name=":52">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;43.</ref> Banna ba ba neng ba eletsa go tila go tsenela bosole ka dinako tse dingwe ba ne ba tshabela kwa Aforika Borwa kgotsa kwa mafelong a a kgakala jaaka metlhaba ya [[:en:Okavango_Delta|noka e phatlallang ya Okavango]] le [[:en:Kgalagadi_Transfrontier_Park|sekgwa sa Kgalagadi]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;47.</ref> Ba bangwe ba ne ba dirisa dikgato tsa go itlhokomela ka bonako, jaaka go epa dikhutsi fa bathapi ba ne ba etela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;55.</ref> Dikgosi di ne di eletsa go dirisa go tsaya karolo ga tsone mo ntweng go bona ditshwanelo tse dingwe mo teng ga Mmusomogolo wa Borithane, mme di ne di tshaba gore go fenngwa ga Borithane go tla ba dira babusiwa ba Jeremane kgotsa Aforika Borwa, e leng phelelo e ba neng ba eletsa go e tila.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;39–40.</ref> Maiteko a ntwa gape e ne e le tshono ya go busetsa banna ba Batswana ba ba neng ba fudugetse kwa Aforika Borwa go ya go dira ditiro tsa meepo; dikgosi di ne di eletsa go fedisa mokgwa o mme di ne di ikutlwa di ka dira jalo ka go neelana ka ditiro tsa sesole.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;41–43.</ref> Dituelo dingwe tsa sesole di ne tsa diegisiwa go malapa a masole, mme ditekanyetso tsa thomelo kwa ntle di ne tsa tlosiwa ka nako ya ntwa, mme tsa baka go tsena ga madi kwa Bechuanaland.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;133.</ref> Fa go bapisiwa le ditšhaba tse dingwe tse di mo Mmusong wa Boritane, batho ba Bechuanaland ba ne ba amogela ntwa eo. Batswana ba le bantsi ba ne ba na le maikutlo a boikanyegi mo mmusomogolong kgotsa ba ikutlwa gore dikgatlhego tsa bone di a tsamaisana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;36–37.</ref> Dikgosi dingwe, jaaka [[:en:Kgari_Sechele_II|Kgari Sechele]] [[:en:Kgari_Sechele_II|wa bobedi]] wa kwa ga Kwena le Molefi Pilane wa ga Kgatla, ba ne ba ikwadisa ka sebele. Ba ne ba dira jaaka disajene tse dikgolo tsa masole, e leng maemo a a kwa godimo a a neng a le teng mo Batswaneng.<ref name=":52" /> Go ela kwa bokhutlong jwa Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi, puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya letlelela Batswana go nna le diteseletso tsa kgwebo le go dira mo teng ga naga e e sireleditsweng. Se pele se ne se lekanyeditswe batho basweu le makula.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;135.</ref> Setlhopha sa Dikgaolo tsa Dikhomišene tse di Kwa Godimo se ne se le kwa Botlhabagare go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1946 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1949.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;31.</ref> === Mokgatlho wa boipuso === [[Setshwantsho:1960 6d Bechuanaland Protectorate stamp.jpg|thumb|Setempe sa ngwaga wa 1960 sa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland se se nang le ditshwantsho tsa ga [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Kgosigadi Victoria]] le [[:en:Elizabeth_II|Elizabeth wa bobedi]], dikgosi tsa ntlha le tsa bofelo tsa Borithane tsa tshireletso .]] Bokhutlo jwa Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi bo ne jwa tla ka phetogo e kgolo mo setšhabeng. Dikgosi di ne tsa bonwa di se botlhokwa thata mo sebopegong sa loago, mme bontsi bo ne jwa tlogela dipolelo tsa bone tsa lefatshe lotlhe mo dikgomong tsa merafe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;51.</ref> Didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa setšhaba, jaaka lefatshe le badiri, di ne tsa dirwa tse di hapegileng le go dirwa dithoto.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;52.</ref> Phitlhelelo ya thuto e ne ya tlhola setlhopha sa batlhalefi ba ba [[:en:Liberalism|gololesegileng]] ba ba neng ba le kgatlhanong le puso ya dikgosi mme ba simolola go ipopela mafelo a bone a maatla mo mekgatlhong ya badiri le ditlhopha tsa baagi.<ref name=":63">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;165.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1946, ke karolo ya bobedi mo lekgolong fela ya paoyotlhe ya baagi e e neng e na le tiro kwa ntle ga temothuo le ditirelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;57.</ref> Tshireletso e ne ya bona koketsego e kgolo ya dikelo tsa matsalo jaaka karolo ya bogare jwa [[:en:Mid-20th_century_baby_boom|ngwagakgolo wa masome a mabedi wa go tlhatloga ga masea]] mo dingwageng tsa morago ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi, e e neng e tsamaya le koketsego ya [[:en:Life_expectancy|dingwaga tsa botshelo]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;12–13.</ref> Tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e simolotse lenaneo la yone la ntlha ya tlhabololo mo tshireletsong, e leng lefelo la matlhabelo, ka dingwaga tsa bo ka ngwaga wa 1950.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;81.</ref> Maborithane, a santse a solofetse go kopanya tshireletso go nna Aforika Borwa, kwa bofelong a ne a phimola leano le morago ga tshimologo ya [[:en:Apartheid|Tlhaolele]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;24–25.</ref>Fa maiteko a simolola go tlhama tsela e ntšhwa ya isago ya tshireletso, tshireletso e ne ya bewa mo seemong sa go tlhoka maitseo, mme ga go na tsela ya go ya pele e e neng e bonala sentle.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFParsons2006|Parsons 2006]], pp.&#x20;672–673.</ref> Tshitshinyo nngwe e ne e le go e tsenya mo [[:en:Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland|Mokgatlhong wa Rhodesia le Nyasaland]], o lefatshe la United Kingdom e o tlhamileng ka fa tlase ga pholisi ya "tirisanommogo ya merafe e mentsi".<ref>Parsons 2006, p.&#x20;673.</ref> Fa mojaboswa wa Ngwato Seretse Khama a gola, mmusi Tshekedi Khama o ne a leka go tshwarelela mo pusong.<ref name=":53">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;696.</ref> Seretse o ne a nyala mosadi wa mosweu, [[:en:Ruth_Williams_Khama|Ruth Williams]], fa a ne a ithuta kwa lefatsheng la United Kingdom, mme se sa baka matlhabisa ditlhong mo lelapeng la segosi la ga Ngwato.<ref name=":46" /> Le fa kwa tshimologong setšhaba se ne se le kgatlhanong le lenyalo le, go sa ratweng ga ga Tshekedi go ne ga fetola maikutlo a Seretse.<ref name=":47" /> Kgang e ne ya tlhagisiwa mo kgotleng ka ngwaga wa 1949, mme puso ya ga Tshekedi e ne ya ganwa ka bontsi ke diketekete tsa batho ba ba neng ba le teng.<ref name=":53" /><ref name=":47" /> Tshekedi le batshegetsi ba gagwe ba ne ba tshabela kwa Kwena kwa botshabelo.<ref name=":54">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;89.</ref> Puso ya makgowa e ne e sa itshokele lenyalo la ga Seretse le mosadi yo mosweu. Ka maiteko a go ritibatsa puso ya Tlhaolele ya Aforika Borwa, e ne ya leleka banyalani ba mo pusong ya tshireletso ka ngwaga wa 1950. Se se ne sa tsosa mokgatlho wa bosetšhaba o o neng o gola mo gare ga baemanokeng ba ga Seretse mo pusong ya tshireletso, o o neng wa tlhagelela ka botlalo ka ngwaga wa 1952.<ref name=":37" /> Ka nako ya fa Seretse a ne a seyo, lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la baya molaodi wa kgaolo dingwaga di le nne pele ga e tlhoma Rasebolai Kgamane, motshegetsi wa ga Tshekedi, go nna moemedi.<ref name=":54" /> Morafe wa Ngwato o ne wa tsuologela go lelekwa ga ga Seretse.<ref name=":55">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;53.</ref> Batshegetsi ba gagwe ba ne ba kopa gore a bowe, mme go ne ga tsoga dikhuduego fa ba ne ba ganwa. Seretse o ne a feleletsa a letleletswe go boa ka ngwaga wa1956.<ref name=":56">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;90.</ref> Ka nako e, kgaogano e e gagametseng ya merafe mo Aforika Borwa ya Tlhaolele e ne ya thibela lefatshe la United Kingdom go e ritibatsa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;200.</ref> Mo nakong yotlhe ya mathata a go lelekwa ga ga Seretse, maatla a ne a tlogela bogosi mme a ya kwa mekgatlhong ya ditlhopho.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;91.</ref> Tshekedi le Seretse ba ne ba dira kagiso fa Seretse a boa, mme Seretse a nna moeteledipele wa ''nnete'' wa Ngwato, le fa lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le mo thibetse go nna kgosi ya semmuso.<ref name=":56" /> Ka thotloetso ya Borithane, morafe wa Ngwato o ne wa tlhama lekgotla la morafe, le Seretse le Tshekedi ka bobedi e neng e le maloko a lone.<ref name=":55" /> Merafe e mengwe e ne ya tlhoma makgotla a merafe a a tshwanang, a a neng a dira jaaka ditšheke tsa maatla a dikgosi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;26.</ref> Go ne ga sala letlhoo lengwe fa gare ga banna ba babedi ba: Tshekedi o ne a eletsa go boloka puso ya morafe le maatla a dikgosi, fa Seretse ene a ne a akanya ka puso ya batho ka batho ya boemedi le dikgosi tse di bokoa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;91–92.</ref> Selekanyo sa maatla a a beeleditsweng mo dikgosing e ne ya nna kgang e e neng ya baka dikganetsano thata mo mokgatlhong wa boipuso o o neng o gola, bogolosegolo mo bathong ba ga Ngwato le ba lelapa la ga Khama.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;93–94.</ref> Bechuanaland Protectorate Federal Party e ne e le lekoko la ntlha la sepolotiki le le neng la tlhamiwa mo kgaolong ya tshireletso fa le ne le tlhamiwa ke moeteledipele wa mokgatlo wa Ngwato [[:en:Leetile_Disang_Raditladi|Leetile Disang Raditladi]] ka ngwaga wa 1959. Le bopilwe thata ke batho ba maemo le batlhalefi, le ne le buelela kopano ya merafe ya Batswana. Lekoko le ne la palelwa ke go bona tshegetso mme la nna lobaka lo lokhutshwane.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;94.</ref> Ngwaga o o latelang, [[:en:Bechuanaland_People's_Party|Lekoko la Batho la Bechuanaland]] (BPP, moragonyana Lekoko la Batho la Botswana) le ne la tlhamiwa jaaka lekoko le le bogale thata, le le ganetsanang le puso ya merafe ya setso mme la bona boikuelo mo badiring ba bafaladi.<ref name=":57">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> E ne e eteletswe pele ke [[:en:Motsamai_Mpho|Motsamai Mpho]], [[:en:Philip_Matante|Philip Matante]], le Kgalemang Morsete.<ref name=":58">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xviii.</ref> BPP, e e neng ya tlhamiwa jaaka molekane wa Setswana wa lekoko la [[:en:African_National_Congress|African National Congress]] la Aforika Borwa,<ref name=":59">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;74.</ref> e ne ya tshegetsa boipuso jwa ka bonako le go fedisiwa gotlhelele ga bogosi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;27.</ref> Ka go tshaba gore BPP e tla nyatsa puso e e leng teng le go tshuba dikgotlhang le puso ya Tlhaolele ya Aforika Borwa, dikgosi le puso ya Borithane di ne tsa thibela bokgoni jwa yona jwa go kopana.<ref name=":57" /> Merafe ya tshireletso mmogo e ne ya bopa lekgotla la peomolao ka ngwaga wa 1961.<ref name=":37" /> Batho ba Kwena ba ne ba iphitlhela ba le ka fa tlase ga moemedi, [[:en:Neale_Sechele|Neale Sechele]], ka ngwaga wa 1963, se se rayang gore ba ne ba na le tlhotlheletso e nnye ya sepolotiki fa mokgatlho wa boipuso o ntse o gola.<ref name=":60">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;102.</ref> Leano la Tlhabololo la Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland la dingwaga tsa 1963/1968 le ne la kwalwa ka thulaganyo ya dipuisano ka ngwaga wa 1963, le tlhama tlhaloso ya boipuso jwa setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;26–27.</ref> Fa palo ya batho e ne ba sa dire sepe mo dipolotiking ka kakaretso, lefatshe la United Kingdom e ne ya nna nngwe ya mafatshe a a neng a etelela pele go bona boipuso. Ka go tshwenyega gore lekoko la BPP e ne e le e e tseneletseng thata, lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la rotloetsa moeteledipele wa yone yo o mo ratang, Seretse Khama, go tlhama lekoko la sepolotiki.<ref name=":59" /> Le fa Khama a ne a dumalana le mekgwa ya lekoko la BPP e e kgatlhanong le bosemorafe le ya lefatshe, o ne a le kgatlhanong le tsela ya yone ya go tlhoma dipolotiki le go amogela ga yone bojammogo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;96.</ref>O ne a dumela go tlogela go bolela ga gagwe mo bathong ba ga Ngwato go dira jaaka radipolotiki, a tlhama [[:en:Bechuanaland_Democratic_Party|Lekoko la]] [[:en:Bechuanaland_Democratic_Party|puso ya batho ka batho la Bechuanaland]] (BDP, moragonyana ya nna lekoko la Botswana Democratic ) ka ngwaga wa 1962.<ref name=":59" /> Lekoko la BDP e ne ya itlhoma jaaka "lekoko la dikgosi", mme ya amogela dikakanyo tse di amanang le puso ya merafe ya pele ga bokoloniale.<ref name=":30" /> Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la rotloetsa lekoko la BDP, le tlhaloganya gore le tla tshegetsa kgwebisano ya leruo ya motlha wa bokoloniale.<ref name=":73">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;149.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1963, kgosi ya Kgatla Linchwe e ne e le ene fela kgosi e e neng e le kgatlhanong le BDP e bile e na le tlhotlheletso ya sepolotiki, mme batho ba Kgatla ba ne ba rata lekoko la BDP, ka jalo o ne a nna a sa tsenelele mo dipolotiking.<ref name=":60" /> Thulaganyo ya phetogo e ne ya simolola ka lekoko la BDP e ne e solofetswe go busa Botswana yo o ikemetseng, mme puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya bereka le boeteledipele jwa lekoko la BDP go ba baakanyetsa go tsamaisa setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;78.</ref> Go ne ga tshwarwa bokopano ka ngwaga wa 1963 go okamela go tlhamiwa ga molaotheo o mosha. Dikgotlhang tsa ka fa gare ga lekoko la BPP di ne di raya gore lekoko la BDP e ne e na le tlhotlheletso e ntsi mo thulaganyong. Tshekedi Khama o ne a tlhokafetse ka nako e, ka jalo Bathoen wa bobedi o ne a nna moeteledipele wa lekoko le le neng le ema nokeng puso ya bofederale, a dumela gore le tla boloka puso e le mo diatleng tsa dikgosi. Lefatshe la United Kingdom le boradipolotiki ba Batswana ba ne ba tshegetsa puso ya bosetšhaba e e kopaneng ka gonne Botswana e ne e humanegile thata go ka kgaoganya dithoto tsa yona le ka gonne go tlhoka go kopanya dithoto go ne go tla dira gore e nne mo kotsing ya go tlhaselwa ke merafe e mengwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;97.</ref> Puso ya dikgaolo e e itsholetseng e ne ya itshupa e sa kgonege mo dipolotiking, ka jalo go ne ga dirwa tumalano ya gore dikgosi di tla bopa Ntlo ya Dikgosi, e leng setlhopha sa bagakolodi mo teng ga [[:en:Parliament_of_Botswana|Palamente ya Botswana]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;98–99.</ref> Dikgosi di ne di santse di le kgatlhanong le thulaganyo e, mme mo mokgatlhong o o neng o eteletswe pele ke Bathoen, Ntlo ya Dikgosi e ne ya fetisa tlhopo ya [[:en:No_confidence|go sa tshepe]] puso e ntšhwa, mme fela go tlhoka maatla a yone a sepolotiki go ne ga e thibela go dirisa phetogo e e nang le bokao.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;56.</ref> Molao wa Lekgotla la Kgaolo o ne wa fetisiwa jaaka tsela e nngwe ya go lekanyetsa maatla a dikgosi ka go tlhama makgotla a a tla okamelang kgaolo le toropo nngwe le nngwe,<ref name=":58" /> go dira gore mekgatlho e e tlhophilweng e e nne balaodi ba konokono ba selegae.<ref name=":64">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;78.</ref> Toropo ya [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]] e agilwe ka ngwaga wa 1965 mme ya itsisiwe jaaka motsemogolo o mošwa.<ref name=":59" /> E agilwe mo lefatsheng la puso ya Borithane, le le neng le tlamela ka lefelo le le sa tseyeng letlhakore le le neng le sa laolwe ke morafe ope .<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;16.</ref> [[:en:Constitution_of_Botswana|Molamotheo]] o ne wa tsenngwa tirisong ka one ngwaga oo.<ref name=":59" /> Ka se se tirisong, Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la fa tshireletso puso ya go ipusa.<ref name=":61">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;116.</ref> Ngwaga wa 1965 gape e ne ya bona go fetisiwa ga Molao wa Dikgotla tsa Dikgaolo o o neng wa fetola seabe sa bokoloniale sa molaodi wa kgaolo ka go se bofa mo makgotleng a dikgaolo a a sa tswang go tlhamiwa,<ref name=":74">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;25.</ref> mme wa bona go tlhongwa ga Banka ya Tlhabololo ya Bosetšhaba e e neng e le ya puso.<ref name=":75">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> Mpho o ne a kgaogana le lekoko la BPP go tlhama Lekoko la Boipuso la Bechuanaland (BIP) ka ngwaga wa 1965.<ref name=":62">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;32.</ref> E eteletswe pele ke Seretse Khama le [[:en:Quett_Masire|Quett Masire]], lekoko la BDP le ne la dira letsholo mo e ka nnang mo motseng mongwe le mongwe wa kgaolo ya tshireletso pele ga ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa kakaretso. Go farologana le batho ba bangwe ba sepolotiki kwa Bechuanaland, Seretse Khama o ne a na le boikuelo go ralala merafe e e farologaneng.<ref name=":60" /> Morago ga moo lekoko la BDP le ne la tlhophiwa go etelela puso ya ntlha pele.<ref name=":61" /> Lekoko la BPP le ne la gapa manno a le mararo fela mo lekgotleng la peomolao, mme lekoko la BIP le ne la palelwa ke go gapa epe.<ref name=":62" /> Morago ga ditlhopho, go ne ga tlhamiwa lekoko la [[:en:Botswana_National_Front|Botswana]] [[:en:Botswana_National_Front|National Front]] (BNF) jaaka lekoko le le kopaneng la kganetso ya BDP.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;32–33.</ref> E tlhomilwe ke [[:en:Kenneth_Koma|Kenneth Koma]], lekoko la BNF le ne la nna mmaba yo mogolo wa lekoko la BDP.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;109.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;31–33.</ref> Lekoko la BDP le ne la tlhopha Khama go nna tonakgolo ya naga.<ref name=":65">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;204.</ref>Go farologana le makoko a mantsi a sepolotiki a a tlhomilweng mo Aforika, BDP e ne e le lekoko le le itekanetseng le le sa fetogeng go na le go nna lekoko le le kgatlhanong le bokoloniale.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBrown2020|Brown 2020]], p.&#x20;711.</ref> Morago ga go tlhamiwa ga yona, Ntlo ya Dikgosi e ne ya ntsha tlhopo ya go sa tshepe molaotheo ka ngwaga wa 1966, mme se sa dira gore go nne le letsholo la bosetšhaba la go tshegetsa molaotheo le le neng la bona tshegetso e e lekaneng gore dikgosi di fedise maiteko a tsone a go o gwetlha.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;100–101.</ref> Tshireletso e ne ya newa boipuso jaaka Rephaboliki ya Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1966.<ref name=":61" /> == Repaboliki ya Botswana == [[Setshwantsho:Botswana Independence, 1966.png|thumb|[[:en:Seretse_Khama|Seretse Khama]] a ikanisa maikano a go nna Tautona wa ntlha wa Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1966]] Boipuso jwa Botswana bo ne bo kaya go tsenngwa tirisong ga puso ya batho le batho e e gololesegileng, go tlisa ditlhopho, tshireletso ya ditshwanelo tsa batho, le tirelosetšhaba.<ref name=":64" /> Se se ne sa dira gore go nne le thulaganyo ya go tlhatlosiwa maemo e e ikaegileng ka bokgoni le go tlhamiwa ga tsamaiso ya puso ya maranyane.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;8–9.</ref>Setšhaba se ne sa bopa puso e e neng e fetotswe go tswa mo [[:en:Westminster_system|tsamaisong ya Westminster]],<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;23–24.</ref> mme Tonakgolo Seretse Khama a nna Moporesidente Seretse Khama.<ref name=":65" /> Go ne ga tlhamiwa boitshupo jwa bosetšhaba, jwa kopanya merafe e e sa tshwaneng mo letshwaong le le lengwe la Setswana, ka ngwao e e ikaegileng ka ya merafe ya Setswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNyamnjoh2007|Nyamnjoh 2007]], p.&#x20;307.</ref> Botswana e ne ya boloka bontsi jwa ditheo tsa yone tsa merafe tsa pele ga bokoloniale morago ga boipuso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;54.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;7.</ref> Se e ne e le ditlamorago tsa puso e e nonofileng e e neng e amana le merafe ya Batswana le tsereganyo e e lekanyeditsweng ya puso ya Borithane mo dinakong tsa bokoloniale.<ref name=":34" /> Mofuta wa go buisana wa dipolotiki tsa setšhaba pele le morago ga boipuso e ne e le mokgwa o o sa tlwaelesegang mo merafeng e mengwe e mentsi ya Aforika e e neng ya nna le babusaesi morago ga boipuso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;30, 56.</ref> Go na le go fedisa bogosi, puso e ntšhwa e ne ya bo tsenya mo tsamaisong ya semolao, ya fa dikgosi dithata tsa boatlhodi ka ''kgotla'', go ikaegile ka dikgotlatshekelo tsa boikuelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSebudubuduBotlhomilwe2012|Sebudubudu &#x26; Botlhomilwe]] 2012, p.&#x20;36.</ref>Tlwaelo ya go ikobela boeteledipele, e e kileng ya fiwa dikgosi, e ne ya sutela kwa botautoneng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;30.</ref> Puso e ne ya tiisa go tlhomama ga yona ka go thapa tirelosetšhaba ya yone ka baitseanape b<ref name=":66">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSebudubuduBotlhomilwe2012|Sebudubudu &#x26; Botlhomilwe 2012]], pp.&#x20;31–32.</ref>a dinaga di sele, go farologana le dinaga tse dingwe tse dišwa tsa Aforika tse gantsi di neng di leleka baitseanape ba dinaga di sele.<ref name=":67">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSebudubuduBotlhomilwe2012|Sebudubudu &#x26; Botlhomilwe 2012]], p.&#x20;35.</ref><ref name=":68">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;105.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;59.</ref> Se se ne sa boloka puso ya mofuta wa Bophirima e e neng e gatelela tlhabololo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;259.</ref> Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la tswelela go tlamela Botswana ka matlole mo dingwageng tsa ntlha tse tlhano tsa go nna teng ga yone.<ref name=":61" /> Maemo a yone a kagiso, a puso ya batho ka batho fa a bapisiwa le ditšhaba tse dingwe tsa Aforika a ne a raya gore e ne ya amogela thuso e ntsi go tswa mo mekgatlhong ya Bophirima.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;255.</ref> Ka nako ya boipuso, Botswana e ne e le setšhaba se se humanegileng thata, go feta bontsi jwa dinaga tse dingwe mo Aforika.<ref name=":69">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;104.</ref><ref name=":66" /> E ne e sena badiri ba ba rutegileng, ka baagi ba le masome a mane fela ba ba nang le ditlankana tse di hagodimo tsa mmadikolo, mme go ne go sena ditlamelo tse di itsegeng tsa metswedi ya tlholego go tshegetsa setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;62, 64.</ref> Botswana e ne e ikaegile ka puso ya Tlhaolele mo Aforika Borwa go fitlhelela setšhaba sa lefatshe, mme bontsi jwa badiri ba Botswana e ne e le badiri ba bafaladi mo Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;64.</ref> Botswana e ne ya tsena mo ntweng e e tlhamaletseng le Rhodesia, e e neng ya baka dintwa tsa sesole go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1978.<ref name=":63" /> Go nna le seabe mo go lekanyeditsweng ga Borithane go ne go kaya gore go ne go se na tlhabololo e ntsi fa e sale ka nako ya bokoloniale.<ref name=":69" /><ref name=":70">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;160.</ref> Bokgoni jwa go bala le go kwala e ne e le selekanyo sa karolo ya masome a mabedi le botlhano mo lekgolong, mme go ne go na le dikilometara di le lesome fela tsa tsela e e tshetsweng.<ref name=":69" /> Mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a robangbongwe ya baagi e ne e le mo [[:en:Abject_poverty|lehumeng le le tseneletseng]],<ref name=":70" /> mme bontsi jwa baagi e ne e le balemibarui ba dikgomo kgotsa [[:en:Subsistence_farmers|balemibarui ba ba itshidisang]].<ref name=":71">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;55.</ref> Fa setšhaba se fitlhelela boipuso, komelelo e e masisi e ne ya fedisa karolo ya masome amarao go fihlela masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ya palo ya dikgomo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;63.</ref> Mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa Batswana ba ne ba ikaegile ka [[:en:World_Food_Programme|Lenaneo la Dijo la Lefatshe]] go tila tlala.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;220.</ref> Ditšhaba tse dingwe di ne di na le ditsholofelo tse di kwa tlase mo Botswana, mme mo Aforika yotlhe e ne e bonwa jaaka [[:en:Bantustan|Bantustan]] ya Tlhaolele.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;1.</ref> Kamano e le Tlhaolele gape e ne e le ntlha ya katlego ya Botswana jaaka setšhaba se se ikemetseng: boeteledipele jwa Batswana bo ne bo eletsa go tila phelelo e e tshwanang le ya Aforika Borwa fa setšhaba se ka palelwa, mme dikgolagano tsa dikgang tsa mafatshe fatshe tse di neng tsa tlhamiwa le Bophirima go thibela go tsenngwa ke Aforika Borwa di ne di raya gore Botswana o ne a tshepa thata dinaga tsa Bophirima go amogela thuso le thato ya bone.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;76–77.</ref> Boeteledipele jwa ntlha jwa Botswana bo ne bo laolwa ke malapa a merafe e e busang mmogo le palo e nnye ya badiredipuso ba ba rutegileng thata.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;6.</ref> Go tshwana ga bona ga itsholelo le dikgopolo go ne go raya gore puso e nne e tlhomame kwa ntle ga dintwa tsa sepolotiki.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;71.</ref> Le fa Bathoen a ne a tlogela maemo a gagwe a go nna kgosi go ya go dira dipolotiki, bontsi jwa dikgosi tse dingwe di ne tsa amogela maatla a tsona a a fokoditsweng a sepolotiki mo pusong e ntšhwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;56–57.</ref> Tiro e nngwe ya dikgosi e ne e laolwa ke Molao wa Bogosi wa ngwaga ya 1966.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;140.</ref> Go tlhoka bonweenwee go ne ga dira gore puso e nne semolao thata mme ya ratwa ke balekane ba Bophirima.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;166.</ref> Go farologana le bontsi jwa merafe e e sa tswang go tlhamiwa ya Aforika, bontsi jwa boeteledipele bo ne bo tswa mo setšhabeng sa temothuo, go kaya gore dikgatlhego tsa bona di ne di tsamaisana le bontsi.<ref name=":30" /><ref name=":71" /> Se se ne sa rotloetsa puso e ntšhwa go boloka dipholisi tsa motlha wa bokoloniale tse di neng di solegela barui ba dikgomo molemo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;75.</ref> Setlhopa sa semmuso sa Nama ya Botswana se ne sa tlhamiwa go laola madirelo a nama ya kgomo.<ref name=":58" /> Boikuelo jwa lekoko la BDP jwa merafe yotlhe le kgatlhego e e kopanetsweng ya go tlhoma boipuso di ne tsa rotloetsa puso e ntšhwa gape go dira mo dikgatlhegelong tsa bontsi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;54–55.</ref> Ditlhopha tse dinnye tsa baagi ba basweu di ne tsa sala mo nageng mme tsa ganetsa boipuso jwa yone.<ref name=":63" /> Le fa moragonyana di ne di tla nna botlhokwa mo tlhabololong ya Botswana, ditshwanelo tsa ditswammung di ne tsa fiwa botlhokwa jo bo kwa tlase fa di bona boipuso, mme merafe e ne ya di fetisetsa kwa pusong ya bogareng ka ngwaga wa 1967.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;103–104.</ref> === Botautona jwa ga Seretse Khama === Khama o ne a ratwa ke batho botlhe mme a bonwa e le moeteledipele wa tlholego wa merafe yotlhe ya Batswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;202–203.</ref> Tsamaiso ya gagwe e ne ya tsenya tirisong maano a a neng a lebisitswe mo go tlhameng mafaratlhatlha le dithoto tsa setšhaba, bogolosegolo go tsenya tshela ditsela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;111.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;86.</ref> O ne a simolola go aga dikolo, matlhabelo le dikhuti tse di neng tsa tswelela mo masomeng a dingwaga a a latelang. Lefatshe le le nang le banni la Batswana le Basarwa le ne la dirisiwa go aga mesima.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;219.</ref> Tlhabololo e ne ya tla ka tshenyegelo ya kgwebo le tlhagiso, e e neng e lekanyeditswe go tlamela ka matlole a leruo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004,]] p.&#x20;164.</ref> Go ne ga tlhongwa mogopolo thata mo go otla dikgomo le go aga matlhabelo go rotloetsa madirelo a nama ya kgomo mo gare ga go tlhoka metsi. <ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;205.</ref>[[:en:Public_welfare|Mananeo a katlaatleloloago]] le one a ne a tlhongwa.<ref name=":67" /> Go ribololwa ga ditaemane go ne ga netefatsa gore mananeo a a bona madi a a lekaneng.<ref name=":72">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgalaMalila2022|Makgala &#x26; Malila 2022]], p.&#x20;305.</ref> Dipeeletso tse le mokgwa o o sa fetogeng wa go somarela madi a puso di ne tsa thibela boemo jwa [[:en:Dutch_disease|bolwetse jwa Dutch]] jo bo neng jwa golafatsa dinaga tse dingwe tsa Aforika tse di neng di tletse ka didirisiwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;4.</ref> Thuto e ne ya atolosiwa mo setšhabeng sotlhe, mme puo ya Setswana e ne ya lekanngwa mmogo le Seesemane ka go latlhegelwa ke dipuo tse dingwe.<ref name=":72" /><ref name=":68" /> Khama o ne a siamisa seo jaaka tsela ya go fitlhelela kutlwano.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;228.</ref> Quett Masire o ne a dira jaaka Mothusa tautona ka fa tlase ga ga Seretse Khama mmogo le Tona ya tsa madi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;84.</ref> O ne a laola tekanyetsokabo ya lefatshe le tiriso ya madi ka go tlhama motseletsele wa Maano a Tlhabololo ya Bosetšhaba, go ikaegilwe ka kamogelo ya Kokoano ya Bosetšhaba le Komiti ya itsholelo ya Kabinete.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;58.</ref> Dipoeletso tsa maano a di ne tsa nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya molao wa semmuso ya puso morago ga gore batlhatlhami ba ga Khama le Masire ba tsene mo maemong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;171.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1967, ditaemane di ne tsa fitlhellwa kwa Botswana ke setlamo sa Aforika Borwa sa ditaemane sa [[:en:De_Beers|De Beers]], mme ditiro di ne tsa simolola ka bonako morago ga moo.<ref name=":76">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;110.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;61.</ref> Dipeeletso tsa kopore di ne tsa fitlhelwa kwa [[:en:Selebi-Phikwe|Selebi-Phikwe]] ka ngwaga oo, mme se sa senola gape khumo ya ditswammung tsa setšhaba.<ref name=":58" /> Puso e ne ya dirisana le De Beers ka ngwaga wa 1969 go dira ditiro tse dikgolo tsa meepo ya ditaemane,<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;136.</ref> mme e ne ya amega mo dipuisanong sešwa tsa [[:en:Southern_African_Customs_Union|Kopano ya Melelwane ya Aforika Borwa]] ka one ngwaga oo go tokafatsa thata maatla a yone a itsholelo mo kgaolong.<ref name=":77">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;65.</ref> Moepo mongwe kwa [[:en:Morupule|Morupule]] o ne wa simolola go ntsha magala ka ngwaga wa 1973, mme wa tlamela setšhaba ka karolo e kgolo ya motlakase.<ref name=":78">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xix.</ref> [[:en:Orapa_diamond_mine|Moepo wa ditaemane wa Orapa]] o ne wa bulwa kwa Orapa ka ngwaga wa 1971, mme go ne ga tlomamisiwia tumalano ya go abelana lotseno fa gare ga puso le De Beers ka ngwaga wa 1974.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;125.</ref> Moragonyana Masire o ne a netefatsa gore De Beers e ne e tshegeditse dikgwebo tsa gagwe tse di hapegileng ka madi, mme se sa dira gore go akanyediwe gore setlamo se ka tswa se amogetse tumalano e e mosola mo kgannyeng e.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;129–130.</ref> Molao wa Metsi le Molao wa ditsha tsa Morafe di ne tsa tsenngwa tirisong ka ngwaga wa 1968, mme tsa tlhama lekgotla la Kabo ya Metsi le lekgotla tsa naga di le lesome le bobedi, ka go latelana. Tse di ne di okametse kabo ya ditshwanelo tsa metsi le lefatshe ke puso go na le ka go nna mong wa morafe mongwe le mongwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;76.</ref> Ka se, ba ne ba tsenya dithata tsa setso tsa dikgosi.<ref name=":74" /> Molao wa Mafatshe a Phulo a Merafe e ne ya tsenngwa tirisong ka ngwaga wa 1975 go thibela [[:en:Overgrazing|phulo e e feteletseng]], mme fela e ne ya itshupa e sa atlege.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;67.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;173.</ref> Tota e bile, e ne e letla baagi ba ba humileng go kopa ditsha tse dikgolo tsa dikgomo ka tshenyegelo ya baagi ba ba sa humang thata.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;206.</ref> Ditlhopho tsa ntlha morago ga boipuso di ne tsa diragala ka ngwaga wa 1969.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;31.</ref> Lekoko la BDP le ne la dira maswe go le gonnye fa e bapisiwa le tiragatso ya yona ya ngwaga wa 1965, mme mothusa tautona Masire o ne a latlhegelwa ke setilo sa gagwe ke Bathoen, se se neng sa mo tlhoka gore a tseye setilo se se kgethegileng se se tlhophilweng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;80.</ref> Lekoko la BPP le ne la nyelela ka botlhokwa fa dipolotiki tsa Botswana di ntse di gola.<ref name=":73" /> Koporase ya Tlhabololo ya Botswana e e neng e le ya puso e ne ya tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa 1970,<ref name=":75" /> mme moepo wa diteemane wa Orapa o ne wa bulwa ka ngwaga wa 1971.<ref name=":78" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1973, diteemane di ne di dira karolo ya lesome mo lekgolong ya Palo yotlhe ya tlhagiso ya lefatshe ya Botswana,<ref name=":76" /> mme kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1970, meepo e ne e le madirelo a magolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;5.</ref> Goromente wa Botswana o ne a buisana gape ka tumalano ya yone ya meepo le De Beers magareng ga ngwaga wa 1971 le ngwaga wa 1975, ya sutisetsa bontsi jwa dituelo kwa setšhabeng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;210.</ref> Fa itsholelo ya teemane e ntse e tlhabologa le dipeeletso di boela mo lefatsheng, Botswana e ne ya falola lehuma mme ya bonwa jaaka katlego mo merafeng e mengwe mo Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara morago ga bokoloniale.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;212.</ref> Ditlhabololo tse di dirile gore Botswana e nne naga e e golang ka bonako mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":77" /> Batho ba maemo a a kwa godimo le a a fa gare ba ne ba bona molemo thata, go oketsa go [[:en:Wealth_inequality|tlhoka tekatekano ga khumo]], mme gape go ne go raya gore makgetho a ka fokodiwa, se se neng sa dira gore balemi ba ba tshegetse.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;71–72.</ref> Tlhabololo ya Botswana le tiriso ya yone ya tirelosetšhaba ya mafatshe a sele e ne ya atlega mo e leng gore puso e ne ya tlhotlheletsa lefatshe la United States go romela setlhopa sa baithaopi ba kagiso (Peace Corps) kwa ntle ga ditekanyetso tsa setso tsa gore ke dikarolo dife tse mokgatlho o ka di dirang.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970 go ne ga tla koketsego ya Batswana ba ba botlana ba ba rutegileng mo lefelong la gaeno, ba ba neng ba nna le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo pusong.<ref name=":64" /> Jaaka fa batho ba bašwa ba ba ne ba amogela thuto e e tshwanang mme ba simolola go dira mo setsong se le sengwe sa tsamaiso, go ne go sena pharologano e kgolo ya tiro fa gare ga tirelosetšhaba e e neng e eteletswe pele ke batswakwa le e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke Batswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;88.</ref> Lephata la Thulaganyo ya Tlhabololo le ne le le teng ka bokhutshwane morago ga go kgaogana mo Lephateng la Matlole magareng ga batlhokomedi ba setso ba ba neng ba amana le tshireletso kgatlhanong le baemanokeng ba ga Masire ba ba neng ba eletsa go bona tlhabololo e e bogale thata. Ya bofelo e ne ya tsaya taolo, mme ditona di ne tsa kopanngwa gape go nna Lephata la Matlole le Thulaganyo ya Tlhabololo ka ngwaga wa 1970. Ka ntlha ya palo e e lekanyeditsweng ya batho ba ba tshwanelegang go laola itsholelo, lephata le le ne la tsaya taolo e feletseng ya tiriso ya madi a puso mme la simolola lenaneo la Shashe le le neng le batla gore naga e nne le tlhabololo e e tseneletseng ya palo yotlhe ya tlhagiso ya lefatshe ya Botswana. Se se ne se akaretsa go tlhoma lefelo la meepo ya kopore le nikele, le le neng la nna selo se se tlang pele mo pusong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;84–85.</ref> == Metswedi == 3whsbkwnvyni87raf6ph3j512j1dtz4 52688 52685 2026-07-18T07:52:33Z Atsile Edith 11759 ke senotse tsebe e #Wikipedia25BW 52688 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ditso tsa lefatshe la Botswana''' di akaretsa tsa bogologolo le tsa ngwao ya kgaolo, go diriwa kolone ya [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Bechuanaland Protectorate]], le go nna Republic of [[Botswana]] gompieno. Batho ba ntlha ba motlha wa gompieno go nna mo Botswana e ne e le Basarwa, temothuo e tlhabolotswe dingwaga di ka nna dikete pedi, le makgolo a mararo a a fetileng. Batho bantsho ba Bantu ba ntlha ba gorogile dingwaga di le makgolo mabedi morago ga loso lwa ga Keresete, fa [[Batswana]] ba ntlha ba gorogile dingwaga di le makgolo mabedi morago. Batswana ba ne ba kgaogana ka ditlhopha tsa merafe mo dingwageng tse di dikete tse di latelang fa diphudugo mo kgaolong di tswelela, tse di neng tsa baka [[:en:Difaqane|Difaqane]] mo lekgolong la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabobedi. Go amana le ma Yuropa ga ntlha go diragetse ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi lesome le borataro, mo go bakileng go diriwa Bakeresete ga batho ba kgaolo. Magosi a Batswana a a neng a na le thotloetso e kgolo a ne a ikopela go nna mo tlhokomelong ya lefatshe la [[United Kingdom]] ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabobedi le botlhano ka ba ne ba itemogela matshosetsi go tswa kwa [[:en:German_South_West_Africa|German South West Africa]] le mo Maburung. Batho ba Britain ba ne ba kgaoganya kgaolo go nna merafe e kgosi nngwe le nngwe e tlaa e etelelang pele, ba a fa dikgosi maatla a a fetang a ba neng ba na le one pele, mme ba ne ba nna le taolo e e lekanetseng fela mo lefatsheng. Puso ya Britain e ne ya nna le seabe se setlhagafetseng ka dinwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mararo. Lefatshe la Botswana le ne la ema nokeng go tsaya karolo ga Britain mo ntweng ya bobedi ya mafatshe, bontsi ba ne ba lwa e le bontlha jwa sesole sa [[Aferika|Aforika]] sa Auxiliary Pioneer Corps. Go lwela go laola go nnile teng ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a matlhano fa gare ga Kgosi ya [[Bangwato]] [[Seretse Khama]] le motlhatlhami wa gagwe [[Tshekedi Khama]]. Go nyala mosadi wa lekgoa ebong [[Ruth Williams Khama]] ga ga Seretse, go ne ga baka gore batho ba Britain ba mo thibele go nna mo [[Botswana]]. O ne a boa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a matlhano le borataro, ka a ne a na le kemo nokeng e kgolo, merafe e ne inaakanya le puso e e tlhophilweng fa letsholo la boipuso le tlhamiwa. Molao wa lefatshe o tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le motso, ga tlhamiwa diphathi tsa polotiki. Seretse o ne a nna moeteledipele wa [[:en:Bechuanaland_Democratic_Party|Bechuanaland Democratic Party]], e e neng e bueletswe ke puso ya Britain go busa morago ga boipuso, e ne ya nna le kemo nokeng e e tsitsibanyang mmele mo ditlhophong tsa ntlha tsa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le botlhano. Lefatshe la Botswana le ne la neelwa boipuso jo bo tletseng ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro. Ka maikaelelo a a nonofileng, Seretse le phathi ya gagwe ba ne ba tlhama puso ya batho ka batho ya bophirima ba simolola go tlhabolola dikago mo lefatsheng le e neng e le lengwe la a a neng a humanegile thata ka nako eo. Go ne ga lemogiwa fa go na le diteemane ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabongwe, mo go neng ga bopa sesha itsholelo ya Botswana. Kompone ya meepo ya [[Debswana]] e tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le borobabobedi, lefatshe la Botswana la nna la itsholelo e e golang ka bofefo thata go gaisa a mangwe mo Botswana. Phathi ya sepolotiki ya Botswana Democratic e ne ya tswelela e le yone phathi e e busang go tswa ka nako ya boipuso go fitlhelela phathi ya [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] e fenya ditlhopho tsa [[:en:2024_Botswana_general_election|ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone.]] == Ditso tsa pele ga bokolone == === Ditso tsa pele === [[Setshwantsho:Tsodilo Hills rock paintings4.jpg|thumb|metako ya magaga kwa Tsodilo mo ditsong tsa pele]] Lefatshe la Botswana la gompieno e ne e le sekgwa fela dingwaga di le didikadike tse di lesome tse di fitileng, dinoka di ne di le ditona go fetisa gompieno, di tshela kwa [[Letsha la Makgadikgadi|letsheng la Makgadikgadi]].<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou, Thomas]]; [[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Campbell, Alec C]]. (1997) [1984]. ''[[History of Botswana]]'' (2nd&nbsp;ed.). Macmillan Botswana. ISBN[[:en:Special:BookSources/9991278087|&nbsp;<bdi>9991278087</bdi>.]]</ref> Batho ba sebopego sa ntlha sa Homo erectus ba ne ba nna mo kgaolong eo ka motlha wa lejwe.<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997,]] p.&nbsp;14.</ref> Didirisiwa tsa lejwe mo Botswana wa gompieno, di tshwana le dilepe, di tswa go o lowe, dingwaga di le didikadike di le pedi tse di fitileng.<ref name=":4">Denbow, James R.; Thebe, Phenyo C. (2006). [[iarchive:culturecustomsof0000denb|''Culture and Customs of Botswana''.]] Greenwood Press. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33178-7|<bdi>978-0-313-33178-7</bdi>.]] [[:en:OCLC#Identifiers_and_linked_data|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/title/62118271 62118271.]</ref><ref name=":0">Klehm, Carla (28 June 2021). "Archaeology of Botswana". ''Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History''. doi:[https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/61663/chapter/553401196 10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.792]. [[:en:ISBN|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-19-027773-4|<bdi>978-0-19-027773-4</bdi>.]]</ref> Phudugo go ya sekakeng sa Kalahari go akanyediwa fa e diragetse pele ga legato la borataro dingwaga di le dikete di le lekgolo, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro tse di fitileng.<ref name=":0" /> Letsha la Makgadikgadi le simolotse go fokotsega dingwaga di le dikete di le masome matlhano tse di fitileng.<ref>[[:en:Thomas_Tlou|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997, p.&nbsp;17.]]</ref> Bagolagolwane ba merafe e e sa amaneng ka gope ba ba bidiwang Basarwa fa ba kgobokantswe, ba ne ba nna mo Botswana wa gompieno, dingwaga di ka nna dikete di le masome mane go tsena masome a mararo tse di fitileng. Ba ka tswa e le bone batho ba ntlha go nna mo motlheng wa lejwe.<ref>[[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&nbsp;18, 23.</ref> Ba ne ba itlhoma go bapa le dinoka ka dipaka tsa komelelo, mme ba phatlalale le kgaolo ka nako ya dipula.<ref>[[:en:Alec_Campbell_(archaeologist)|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&nbsp;24.</ref>Go ne go itsewe fa ba ne ba nna mo mafelong a a dikaganyeditseng [[letsha la Makgadikgadi]], ga mmogo le [[Tsodilo]] le GI.<ref name=":1">[[iarchive:culturecustomsof0000denb|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&nbsp;xv.</ref> Batho ba bangwe jaaka ba [[Nata]], Shua le Xani, go dumelwa fa ba gorogile morago ga Basarwa.<ref name=":2">Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997, p.&nbsp;23.</ref>[[:en:Rock_art|Botaki jwa matlapa]] bo simolotse dingwaga di ka nna dikete tse masome a mararo tse di fetileng,<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;58.</ref> Meepo ya specularite le hematite e simolotse ka nako e go tlhama dipente.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;48.</ref> Mo e ka nnang metsi otlhe a leruri a ne a amana le batho ba ntlha dingwaga di le 20,000 tse di fetileng.<ref name=":1" /> Thuto e e tseneletseng ya Aforika e e kwa borwa mo [[:en:Stone_Age|Motlheng wa Matlapa]] e ntse e lekanyeditswe.<ref name=":0" /> Batho ba ba farologaneng ba kgaolo e ne e le [[:en:Hunter-gatherer|batsomi-baphuthi]] ba ba neng ba sala ka ditlhopha tse dinnye mme ba dira kgwebo le ba bangwe.<ref name=":2" /> Go dumelwa gore setlhopha sengwe le sengwe e ne e le kokoanyo ya malapa a a sikanang a a neng a tshwere tshimo e e rileng, a eteletswe pele ke monna yo mogolo wa lelapa la tlhogo ya setlhopha.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;25.</ref>Banna ba ne ba tsoma diphologolo tse dikgolo, fa basadi ba ne ba phutha dimela le go tshwara diphologolo tse dinnye.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;24–25.</ref> Ditlhopha di ne di nyalana mme di dirisa thulaganyo ya magadi, xaro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;26.</ref> Mo e ka nnang dingwaga di le dikete tse tse di fetileng, batho ba kgaolo eo ba ne ba tla ka dikgomo le dinku mo Botswana wa gompieno mme ba simolola go dira dinkgwana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;35.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;8.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;28.</ref>Temothuo e ne ya tlhabologa ka nako e mme batho ba ne ba simolola go nna mo metseng, e e neng ya tlhatloga le go wela tlase fa seemo sa loapi le ditlhaselo tsa dikgomo di ne di dira gore phitlhelelo ya leruo e fetofetoge.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;29–30.</ref>Gareng ga dijalo tsa ntlha e ne e le [[:en:Pearl_millet|mmidi wa perela]], [[:en:Finger_millet|mmidi wa menwana]], [[:en:Sorghum|mabele]], [[:en:Bambara_groundnut|matonkomane a Bambara]], [[:en:Cowpea|dinawa tsa kgomo]], le dimela tsa lelapa la [[:en:Cucurbitaceae|cucurbits]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], pp.&#x20;8–9.</ref> Batho ba ntlha ba Bantu ba ne ba [[:en:Bantu_expansion|fudugela kwa kgaolong]] e dingwaga di le dikete tse pedi le dingwaga dile selete le makgolo a matlhano tse di fetileng, mme go kile ga dumelwa gore ke bone ba ba neng ba tlisa leruo la ntlha mo lefelong leno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;22–24, 28.</ref> [[:en:Kalanga_people|Batho ba Kalanga]] ke bone ba ntlha mo [[:en:Bantu_people|merafeng ya Bantu]] go nna mo Botswana wa gompieno, ba goroga c. 200 C.E.<ref name=":3">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;27.</ref> Bagologolwane ba morafe wa ntlha wa [[:en:Tswana_people|Batswana]] (bongwe ''Motswana'', bontsi ''Batswana'') go fopholediwa fa ba gorogile c. 400 C.E.<ref name=":3" /> Batho ba ba Bantu ba ne ba tlisa didirisiwa tsa tshipi le tsa kopore mo kgaolong mme ba nna mo ditseleng tsa metsi tsa leruri.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;9.</ref> Ba ne ba aga mafelo a bonno a leruri a matlo a ka nna lesome go fitlhela lesome le botlhano a [[:en:Pole-and-daga|dipale le mmu]] nngwe le nngwe, go na le dikago tsa nakwana tsa Khoisan e e neng e tsamayatsamaya thata.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;44–45.</ref> BaKhoisan le Bantu ba ka tswa ba ne ba gweba le go nyalana mo pakeng e.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;36.</ref> === Lekgolo la bosupa la dingwaga go fitlhela ka lekgolo la lesome le bone la dingwaga === Setlhopha sa batho ba Zhizo, batho ba Taukome, ba ne ba goroga mo Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwagakgolo wa bosupa mme ba nna fa gare ga [[:en:Shashe_River|Noka ya Shashe]] le [[:en:Serorome_River|Noka ya Serorome]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;54–55.</ref><ref name=":5">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;10.</ref> Go nna le [[:en:Glass_bead|dipheta tsa galase]] go supa kgolagano ya pele le [[:en:Indian_Ocean_trade|kgwebo ya Lewatle la India]].<ref name=":5" /> Palo ya leruo le le ruiwang mo Botswana wa gompieno e ne ya oketsega thata fa gare ga ngwagakgolo wa borobabobedi le ngwagakgolo wa lesome.<ref name=":4" /> Batho ba Tswana ba ne ba ithulaganya go nna mofuta wa puso ya morafe, e e bidiwang ''morafe'' (bontsi merafe), mongwe le mongwe o eteletswe pele ke kgosi e e bidiwang ''[[:en:Kgosi|kgosi]]'' (bontsi dikgosi).<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;28.</ref> Tsamaiso e e ne ya tlhagisa puso e e nang le maemo a a kwa godimo fa e bapisiwa le tse dingwe mo kgaolong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;40.</ref> Dikgomo di ne tsa nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya setšhaba mo kgaolong, mme go nna mong wa dikgomo go ne go supa maemo a motho.<ref name=":6">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;11.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;46.</ref> Ditso tsa bogologolo tsa batho ba Tswana e sa ntse e sa itsiwe thata ka gonne go setse bosupi jo bonnye jwa baepi ba dilo tsa bogologolo.<ref name=":3" /> Ditsela tsa kgwebo di ne di golaganya merafe go ralala [[:en:Kalahari_Desert|Sekaka sa Kalahari]] ka makgolo ale borobabongwe morago ga ga Keresete,<ref name=":1" /> mme go ne ga tlhamiwa motseletsele wa ditsela go ralala kgaolo yotlhe mo lekgolong le le latelang la dingwaga, mme tsa fitlha kwa setlhoeng kwa Lewatleng la India.<ref name=":6" /><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;44.</ref> Bangwe ba batho ba Eiland ba ne ba fuduga go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa ya gompieno go tsena mo Botswana wa gompieno mo bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;64.</ref> Batho ba Toutswe, ba bangwe ba morafe wa Zhizo, ba ne ba fudugela kwa Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bongwe mme ba nna setlhopha se se nonofileng go gaisa mo kgaolong, ba bona khumo ya bona ka go nna le dikgomo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;13.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;56.</ref> Go ne ga agiwa metse e meraro ya Ba-Toutswe kwa [[:en:Bosutswe|Bosutswe]], Sung, le [[:en:Toutswemogala|Toutswemogala]], mongwe le mongwe wa bone o ne o busa metse e mennye e e neng e e dikologile.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;57.</ref> Ka ngwagakgolo wa bo 12, Ba-Toutswe ba ne ba anametse kwa Sekakeng sa Kalahari.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;60.</ref> Boleng jwa ditlhagiswa bo ne jwa fetogafetoga fa kgwebisano e ntse e atolosiwa le ditšhaba di sele mme go ribololwa ga gauta go ne ga diragala, go fokotsa kgatlhego mo ditlhagisweng tsa sebilo le tsa diphologolo jaaka lonaka lwa tlou.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;27–28.</ref> Morafe mongwe kwa Tsodilo o ne o na le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo kgwebong ya sebilo go fitlha e wa kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le bobedi la dingwaga.<ref name=":7">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;27.</ref> Merafe e e kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Botswana e ne e le kgakala le ditiragalo tse mme e ne ya sala e sa amege thata.<ref name=":8">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;28.</ref> Baagisani ba Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bongwe le wa lesome le bobedi e ne e le batho ba [[:en:Leopard's_Kopje|Leopard's Kopje]] kwa botlhaba.<ref name=":9">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], pp.&#x20;12–13.</ref> <ref name=":10">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;61.</ref>Ba tlhomilwe la ntlha kwa [[:en:Bambandyanalo|Bambandyanalo]], ba ne ba nna batho ba bagolo mo kgwebong ya kgaolo mme ba fudugela kwa Mapungubwe kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bongwe kwa ba neng ba bopa [[:en:Kingdom_of_Mapungubwe|Bogosi jwa Mapungubwe]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;67–68.</ref> Ba ne ba bonela pele tlhotlheletso go ralala kgaolo fa gare ga ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bobedi.<ref name=":9" /><ref name=":10" /> Batho ba Okavango Delta le batho ba Tsodilo mme morago ba ne ba patelesega go tlogela mafelo a bone a bodulo mo nakong e, se se ka tswang se bakilwe ke gore ba ne ba kgaotswe mo ditseleng tse dikgolo tsa kgwebo. Ke batho ba Khoe fela ba ba neng ba nna mo lefelong leo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou & Campbell 1997]], pp. 46, 81.</ref>Mapungubwe e ne ya wa ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro,<ref name=":11">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;14.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;69.</ref> mme metse ya Toutswe, e e neng e kgaotswe mo kgwebong, e ne ya wa mo nako e le nngwe.<ref name=":10" />Batho ba Mambo ba ne ba nna go dikologa [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]] ya gompieno mme ba nna le tlhotlheletso mo tikologong ya nako e.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;80.</ref> Batho ba segompieno ba Tswana, [[:en:Khalagari_people|Khalagari]], le [[:en:Sotho_people|Sotho]] ba simolotse go bopega kwa kgaolong ya Transvaal mo e ka nnang ka lekgolo la lesome le bobedi la dingwaga.<ref name=":12">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;89.</ref> Ba-Khalagari ba ne ba fudugela kwa bophirima kwa lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang borwabotlhaba jwa Botswana.<ref name=":13">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;96.</ref> Batho ba Fokeng le bone ba ne ba tlhagelela kwa bophirima ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bobedi,<ref name=":14">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;93.</ref> mme batho ba Moloko ba ne ba tlhagelela ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro.<ref name=":12" /> Morafe wa tshimologo wa BaTswana, losika lwa bogosi lwa Phofu, o tlhodilwe kwa kgaolong ya Transvaal ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro ke Mogale. Mo makgolong a dingwaga a a latelang, e ne ya kgaogana go nna merafe e le mmalwa ya Batswana, go akaretsa le merafe ya Bahurutshe, [[:en:Kwena_people|Kwena]], [[:en:Ngwaketse_people|Ngwaketse]], [[:en:Ngwato_people|Ngwato]], Tlharo, le batho ba ba [[:en:Ngwato_people|Kgatla]].<ref name=":13" /> [[:en:Kingdom_of_Zimbabwe|Bogosi jwa Zimbabwe]] bo ne jwa tlhagelela mme jwa ema mo boemong jwa Mapungubwe e le maatla a kgaolo ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le boraro fa batho ba Gumanye ba ne ba nna le tlhotlheletso mo toropong ya [[:en:Great_Zimbabwe|Great Zimbabwe]], e e neng ya kgona go laola kgwebisano gaufi thata ka lefatshe la yone le le botlhokwa le ditsompelo tsa yone le go nna gaufi le lebopo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;77–78.</ref> Zimbabwe e ne e laola merafe e mentsi e e neng e le teng mo lefelong le gompieno le bidiwang bokonebotlhaba jwa Botswana,<ref name=":15">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xvi.</ref> mme kgwebisano ya gauta e ne ya nna selo se se neng se tlhotlheletsa itsholelo ya kgaolo eo.<ref name=":11" /> Zimbabwe e ne e latlhegelwa ke tlhotlheletso kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le bone la dingwaga, mme e ne ya wela mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> Dinaga tse dingwe di le mmalwa di ne tsa tlhagelela morago ga go wa ga yone. [[:en:Kingdom_of_Butua|Bogosi jwa Butua]], jo bo neng jwa bopiwa ke [[:en:Kalanga_people|merafe ya Kalanga]], bo ne jwa tsaya maemo a Zimbabwe mo molelwaneng wa gompieno wa Botswana–Zimbabwe.<ref name=":11" /><ref name=":15" /><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;98–100.</ref> Batho ba Tswana le [[:en:Pedi_people|Bapedi]] ba ne ba latela batho ba Khalagari kwa bophirima mo e ka nnang kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le bone<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> mme [[:en:Rolong_people|batho ba Rolong]] ba ne ba kgaogana ka fa tlase ga puso ya ga Morolong.<ref name=":13" /> Kgosi Masilo go bolelwa fa a ne a busa merafe yotlhe ya bophirima jwa Tswana ka nako e, go fitlhela batho ba Tlharo ba kgaogana le puso ya gagwe. Morago ga moo go bolelwa fa lefelo le le ne le busiwa ke Malope kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga.<ref name=":14" /> === Lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga go fitlha ka lekgolo la lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga === [[Setshwantsho:Campbell - Thlapingkaptein en sy vrou.png|thumb|Setshwantsho sa monna wa Motswana le mosadi wa gagwe mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1800]] Batho ba baTswana ba ne ba fuduga fa gare ga Botswana wa gompieno ka ba ne ba fudusiwa ke batho ba naga le batho ba mmuso wa ga mmamosadinyana go tswa kwa borwa,<ref name=":16">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;19.</ref> mme ba ne ba le teng go ralala Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwaga sekete le makgolo a le marataro.<ref name=":17">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;703.</ref> Morafe wa ntlha wa BaTswana, losika lwa ga Phofu, lo ne lwa wela tlase kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la lesome le botlhano la dingwaga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;104.</ref> Diphudugo tse dikgolo tsa batho ba Kalanga le Sotho–Tswana di diragetse mo lekgolong la lesome le botlhano le la lesome le borataro la dingwaga.<ref name=":11" /> Batho ba ba Kalanga ba ne ba laola lefatshe le le fa gare ga [[:en:Motloutse_River|Noka ya Motloutse]] le [[:en:Makgadikgadi_Pan|Letsha la Makgadikgadi]] go fitlhela ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabobedi.<ref name=":7" /> Batho ba Hurutshe, Kgatla, le Kwena ba ne ba kgaogana le losika lwa segosi lwa ga Phofu kwa kgaolong ya Transvaal mo gare ga komelelo le dintwa tsa boswa, mme kgabagare ba fudugela kwa bokone go ya kwa Botswana wa gompieno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;10.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;97.</ref> Batho ba Ngwaketse le ba Ngwato ba ne ba kgaogana le Bakwena ka ngwaga wa sekete le makgolo a matlhano le boraro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;105.</ref> Batho bangwe ba kgaolo ba ne ba nna mo Motlheng wa Bofelo wa Leje go fitlha mo e ka nnang mo lekgolong la lesome le borataro la dingwaga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;22.</ref> Batho ba Botswana wa gompieno ba simolodistse ditsela tse di telle tsa motsamao ko bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le bosupa, e tsamaelwa dikilometara tse makgolo go rekisa,go tsoma le go itsalanya le batho.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], pp.&#x20;108–109.</ref>Merafe e ne e kgona go kgaogana motlhofo abo e ipopa ka bongwe go tswa mo go ba bangwe ka gore dithoto tse dipotlana , le leruo tsa lefelo ne di kgona go tsmaisiwa motlhofo.<ref name=":17" /><ref name=":16" />Merafe ya botlhabatsatsi e ne e tshabellwa ke go kgaogana ka ntlha ya seele se se tona gareng ga toropo le ditshimo.<ref name=":18">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;392.</ref>Kgaogano gareng ga ditlhopa tsa baTswana e nnile mo gareng ga ngwagakgolong ya lesome le bosupa, e tlhalosa merafe ya segompieno.<ref name=":19">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;106.</ref>Merafe ya baTswana ba botlhabatsatsi e ne e nna e le maikaelelo a dintwa tsa [[:en:Griqua_people|batho ba Griqua]].<ref name=":18" /> Fa batho ba baTswana ba tswa bokone go ya Botswana wa borwa-bophirima wa segompieno ka ngwagakgolo ya lesome le bosupa , ba ne ba nna mo metseng e e neng e nna batho ba Kgalagari, ba ba tshwaetsa kgotsa ba ba ntsha. Batho ba ba Kwena le merafe ya bone ya lekala ba ne ba fudugela kwa Botswana wa segompieno ka fa tlase ga taolo ya [[:en:Kgabo_II|Kgabo wa bobedi]] ba bo ba nna gaufi le motse wa [[:en:Molepolole|Molepolole]].<ref name=":19" />Go ya ka setso sa molomo, bapatole ba e leng batho ba Herero le Mbanderu ba ne ba kgaogana go tswa mo bathung ba Mbunda ka ngwagakgolo wa lesome le bosupa fa ntwa tsa leruo la batswana le ne le phatlalatsa ditlhopa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;8–9.</ref> le batho ba Bayeyi ba ne ba fudugela kwa Okavango Delta go ya kwa nokeng ya Chobe ka ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;8.</ref>Mo mafelong a mangwe, batho ba Kaa ba ne ba kgaogana go tswa mo bathong ba Rolong le batho ba Khurutse ba kgaogana le batho ba Bahurutshe, fa ditlhopa tsotlhe di fudugela kwa bokone.<ref name=":20">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;107.</ref>Batho ba Bashaga ba ne ba kopana le batho ba Kgalagari ko bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;110.</ref> State sa ntlha sa Tswana se tlhamilwe ke batho ba Ngwaketse bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi. Si state tse dingwe tsa Tswana di ne tsa tlhamiwa ka go latelana ke batho ba ba Kwena, batho ba Ngwato le batho ba ba Tawana mo dingwageng tse lesome tse nne di latela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;113.</ref> Ka se go ne ga tla ditlhabololo tsa ''mophato (''bontsi ''mephato),'' mephato ya sesole e e rulagantsweng k a dingwaga tsa setlhopa, gareng ga batho ba Tswana ba bophirima mo dingwageng tsa sekete le makgolo a supa le masome a matlhano''.''<ref name=":21">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;386.</ref>Batho ba le babedi ba Kgatla , batho ba Kgafela le batho ba ba Tlokwa, ba tsene mo nakong e ba bo ba tsaa taolo mo tikologong ya [[:en:Pilanesberg|Pilanesberg]] mo Aforika Borewng wa segompieno. Ba ne ba laola ka thata bontsi jwa batho mo lefelong leo mme ebile ba fentse dintwa tse pedi le batho ba Fokeng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], pp.&#x20;390–391.</ref>Tiriso ya mephato e ne ya phatlatsega kwa bathong ba Tswana ba kwa botlhaba kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo.<ref name=":21" />E ne e sa amogelwa go phutologilwe mo borwa === Difaqane === [[:en:Difaqane|Difaqane]], nako ya dintwa le phuduso mo borwa jwa Aforika , e diragetse kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabobedi le tshimologo ya ngwagakgolo ya lesome le borobabongwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;17.</ref> Mo nakong ye, batho ba baTswana ba ne ba le mo '''kgonegong''' ya dintwa ke ditlhopa di le dintsi ,di akaretsa [[:en:Northern_Ndebele_people|Ndebele]], ba [[:en:Kololo_people|Kololo]], ba [[:en:Ngoni_people|Ngoni]],<ref name=":8" /> ba Pedi, le ba [[:en:Voortrekker|Voortrekkers]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;391.</ref>Bontsi jwa ditlhopa tsa ba Tswana di itlhopetse go boela morago ko ntlheng ga go lwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;394.</ref>Sese ne sa trigger phudugo e e extensive e e ralalang lefelo, go baka gore morafe wa ba Tswana o phatlalale thata abo o simolodisa bolengteng jo bo nonofileng gareng ga territory ya Botswana wa segompieno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;25.</ref>Ba ne ba nna thata mo [[:en:Hardveld|nageng e e thata]] e e dirang kgaolo ya botlhaba jwa Botswana wa gompieno.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;29.</ref> Batho ba Kwena le ba Ngwaketse ba ne ba fuduga go tswa kwa motseng wa [[:en:South_African_Republic|Transvaal]] go ya kwa ''lefelong la motlhaba''.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFKlehm2021|Klehm 2021]], p.&#x20;18.</ref> Batho ba ntlha wa Kgatla go nna mo Botswana wa gompieno, batho ba Mmanaana, o ne wa fuduga go tswa kwa Aforika Borwa mo tshimologong ya ngwagakgolo wa bo lesome le borobabongwe pele ga o nna kwa [[:en:Moshupa|Moshupa]] le [[:en:Thamaga|Thamaga]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMatemba2003|Matemba 2003]], p.&#x20;53, 56.</ref> Ke fela bangwe ba merafe ya Tswana ya bokonebophirima ba ba neng ba bolokwa mo go fudugeng kgotsa mo go kgorelediweng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;393.</ref> Batho ba Kololo ba ne ba tlhasela merafe ya Tswana ya bokonebophirima ka ngwaga wa 1826, ba pateletsa BaKwena le BaNgwaketse go tswa mo dikgaolong tsa bona ka go farologana. Sebogo, molaodi wa morafe wa Ngwaketse, o ne a tsosa banna ba le dikete dile nne mo ''mephatong'' ya bone mme ba dikaganyetsa Dithubaruba kwa Bakololo ba neng ba nna teng. Ba bolaya batlhabani le baagi, ba kobela ruri Bakololo mo kgaolong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], pp.&#x20;393–394.</ref> Merafe e ne ya tlhoma dinaga tsa yone gape ka dingwaga tsa bo 1840, ya tlhoma ditoropo le metsana e le mmalwa ya bogolo jo bo farologaneng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;31.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;693.</ref><ref name=":22">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;114.</ref> Puso e ne e ikaegile ka ''[[:en:Kgotla|kgotla]]'', kopano ya dipuisano e mo go yone kgosi kgotsa moeteledipele wa kgaolo a neng a utlwa matshwenyego a bontsi jwa baagi ba banna pele a tsaya ditshwetso.<ref name=":34">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;695.</ref><ref name=":23">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;77.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1880, batho ba Tswana le ba Khalagari ba ne ba dirile Botswana yotlhe ya gompieno dikolone.<ref name=":20" /> === Barongwa ba karolokgolo ya lefatshe ya Europe === Barongwa ba karolokgolo ya lefatshe ya Europe ba ne ba goroga lantlha mo Botswana wa gompieno ka ngwaga wa 1816 ka [[:en:London_Missionary_Society|London Missionary Society]]. Setlhopha se le tse dingwe tsa barongwa di ne tsa dira go fetolela dikgosi mo Bokereseteng le go aga dikolo tsa barongwa.<ref name=":24">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;38.</ref> Morongwa [[:en:Robert_Moffat_(missionary)|Robert Moffat]] o ne a baya motse wa gagwe wa borongwa mo molelwaneng wa Botswana wa gompieno jaaka sekgoreletsi kgatlhanong le Maburu gore ba se ka ba kgona go ya kwa teng.<ref name=":8" /> Moffat o gatisitse mokwalo wa ntlha wa puo ya Setswana o o nang le mokwalo o o tshwanang fa a ne a simolola go ranola dikwalo tsa Sekeresete le go kwala thanodi ya Setswana. Tesetamente e Kgologolo le e Ntšhwa ka bobedi di ne di kgona go balwa ka Setswana ka ngwaga wa 1857.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;57, 65.</ref> Batho ba Tswana ba ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabongwe ba ne ba dirisa dikgopolo di le mmalwa tsa itsholelo tse di neng di le sewelo mo borwa jwa Aforika, go akaretsa sekoloto, dikonteraka tsa tirelo, le thulaganyo ya ''mafisa'' ya bahumi ba adima bahumanegi dikgomo go ba ananya ka tiro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;701.</ref> Gape ba ne ba na le kgopolo ya dithoto tse di fhapegileng ka bogareng jwa ngwagakgolo wa lesome le borobabongwe , mme banna ba ba nyetsweng le basadi ba ba nyetsweng ba ne ba na le tshwanelo ya ditshwanelo tsa lefatshe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;698.</ref> Banna ba ne ba disa dikgomo fa basadi ba ne ba lema dijalo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;31–32.</ref> Mabele e ne e le sejalo se se neng se lengwa thata mo kgaolong eo mo lekgolong la lesome le borobabongwe la dingwaga. Naga e ne e le teng thata, fela komelelo e ne e raya gore temothuo e ne e sa tlhomama.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;34.</ref> Bagwebi ba lefatshe la Britain ba gorogile ka dingwaga tsa bo 1830 mme ba dira ditirisano le dikgosi.<ref name=":24" /> Go tla ga baagi ba karolokgolo ya lefatshe la Europe ba ba neng ba nna gaufi le foo go ne ga dira gore merafe ya Batswana e kgone go ikamanya le itsholelo ya lefatshe ka bophara.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;43.</ref> Kgosi [[:en:Sechele_I|Sechele]] [[:en:Sechele_I|wa ntlha]] wa batho ba Bakwena o ne a dirisa ditsela tse dišwa tsa kgwebo, a netefatsa taolo ya kgwebo ya lefatshe la Britain ya morafe wa gagwe.<ref name=":22" /> Morongwa wa kwa Scotland e bong [[:en:David_Livingstone|David Livingstone]] o ne a goroga mo Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1845, kwa a neng a tlhoma lekgotla la [[:en:Kolobeng_Mission|Kolobeng Mission]]. Se e ne e le tshimologo ya go nna le seabe mo go bokete ga karolokgolo ya lefatshe la Europe mo merafeng ya Batswana fa ba ne ba tlhoma ditsela tsa kgwebisano tsa dikontinente tse di farologaneng.<ref name=":15" /> Moaparo wa Bophirima o ne wa amogelwa kwa ditoropong go ralala ngwagakgolo otlhe mme o kopanngwa le diaparo tsa setso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;120–121.</ref> Mo maitekong a mangwe a go kgoreletsa Maburu, Livingstone o ne a fa batho ba Kwena ditlhobolo. Sechele e ne e le motho wa ntlha yo Livingstone a neng a mo sokololela mo Bokereseteng, mme morago ga moo kgosi e ne ya ithaopela go sokolola banna ba gagwe ba tlhogo a dirisa disefe tsa letlalo la tshukudu.<ref name=":25">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;29.</ref> Bogosi jwa Butua jwa batho ba Kalanga bo ne jwa wa ka ngwaga wa 1840.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFTlouCampbell1997|Tlou &#x26; Campbell 1997]], p.&#x20;100.</ref> Batho ba Tswana ba ne ba lebana le kgotlhang go tswa mo ditlhopheng tse dingwe mo kgaolong, mme ya goroga kwa setlhoeng ka dingwaga tsa bo 1850. Batswana ba le bantsi, bogolosegolo merafe ya Kwena le Ngwato, ba ne ba lwa kgatlhanong le merafe ya Maaforikanere le ya MaZulu kwa botlhaba jwa Sekaka sa Kalahari.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;195.</ref> Ba-Kwena le Ba-Mmanaana ba ne ba lwantsha Maburu go tswa kwa Transvaal ka ngwaga wa 1852, ba sireletsa kgaolo ya bone mme ba fedisa go atologa ga setšhaba go ya kwa bophirima.<ref name=":26">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMorton2012|Morton 2012]], p.&#x20;396.</ref> Batswana ba ne ba bona ditlhopha tsa barongwa e le tsela ya go tshabela mo batlhaseding, ba rotloetsa go sokologela mo Bokereseteng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;196.</ref> Sechele o ne a kopa tshireletso ya lefatshe la Britain ka 1853 go fedisa dintwa tsa kgaolo, mme o ne a ganwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;107.</ref> Baeng ba Europa ba ne ba tlwaelesegile thata mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bo19 la dingwaga fa batsomi, batlhotlhomisi, le bagwebi ba ne ba batla dipoelo le go bona dilo tse di kgatlhang mo kgaolong eo.<ref name=":25" /> Ba le bantsi ba ne ba kwala [[:en:Travel_book|dibuka tsa maeto]] ka ga lefelo leo, tse e neng e le dingwe tsa dikgatiso fela tse e seng tsa thuto ka ga Botswana wa gompieno ka nako eo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;65–66.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1860, go fuduga go tswa mo kgaolong go ne ga oketsega fa banna ba Batswana ba ne ba tsaya loeto go ya go bereka kwa meepong ya Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;96.</ref> Go ribololwa ga Masimo a [[:en:Tati_Goldfields|Gauta a Tati]] go ne ga tsosa go batla gauta ga ntlha ga karolokgolo ya lefatshe la Europe kwa Borwa jwa Aforika ka ngwaga wa 1868.<ref name=":24" /> Kampa ya pele ya meepo e e neng ya tlhongwa ka dingwaga tsa bo 1870 e ne ya atologa thata fa e ne e nna lefelo le legolo la terena fa gare ga [[:en:Cape_Province|kgaolo ya Cape]] le [[:en:Bulawayo|Bulawayo]], mme ya nna toropokgolo ya ntlha ya Botswana, e leng [[:en:Francistown|Francistown]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;15, 29.</ref> Mo nakong e mo hisitoring ya Botswana, dikgosi tse dikgolo tsotlhe e ne e le Bakeresete.[92] Ntwa magareng ga Bakwena le BaKgafela ka ngwaga wa 1875.<ref name=":26" />Kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga di le lesome, kgosi [[:en:Khama_III|Khama wa boraro]] wa batho ba Ngwato o ne a gapa taolo ya kgwebisano ya Borithane mo bathong ba Kwena.<ref name=":22" /> == Tshireletso ya lefatshe la Bechuanaland == ''Setlhogo se segolo: [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland]]'' Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le tshaba tlhotlheletso e e oketsegang ya lefatshe la Germany mo kgaolong, mme e ne ya dumela go bopa [[:en:Bechuanaland_Protectorate|Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland]].<ref name=":27">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom & Bolt 2018]], p. 40.</ref><ref name=":28">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;23.</ref> Makgowa a Britain a ne a eletsa go somarela tlhotlheletso ya yone mo merafeng ya Batswana, ka a ne a neelana ka kgolagano magareng ga borwa le bogare jwa Aforika.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;44.</ref> Dikgosi tsa Tswana di ne di tshaba go tsenelelwa ke [[:en:German_South_West_Africa|Jeremane ya Aforika Borwa Bophirima]] le [[:en:Afrikaners|Maaforikaner]],<ref name=":29">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;161.</ref> mme di ne di dumela gore tsela e nngwe ya taolo ya Borithane e ne e le bokoloniale jwa baagi ke Jeremane.<ref name=":30">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;694.</ref> Ba ne ba eletsa gape go tila go wela ka fa tlase ga taolo ya Aforika Borwa kgotsa moeteledipele wa meepo [[:en:Cecil_Rhodes|Cecil Rhodes]], le fa tshireletso e santse e iphitlhela e ikaegile ka Aforika Borwa mo itsholelong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;197.</ref> Kgaolo e ne e kgaogantswe go nna lefatshe la merafe le le busiwang ke dikgosi le [[:en:Crown_land|lefatshe la segosi]] le le laolwang ke United Kingdom.<ref name=":29" /> Merafe e borobarobedi e ne ya amogelwa ke Maesemane fa go ne go tlhodiwa protectorate. Tse nne tse dikgolo di ne tsa fiwa dipolokelo tsa merafe: Bakwena, BaNgwaketse, BaNgwato le BaTawana. Gape go ne ga lemogiwa tse tharo tse dinnye: tsa Kgatla, tsa [[:en:Tlokwa_people|Tlokwa]] le tsa ga [[:en:Malete_people|Malete]]. Ba borobedi, ba Tshidi, ba ne ba fiwa lefelo la polokelo le le kgabaganyang molelwane magareng ga naga e e sireleditsweng le Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;30n1.</ref> Fa maloko a merafe e mennye e e seng ya Batswana a ne a letleletswe go tsaya karolo mo setšhabeng le pusong ya Batswana, ba ne ba sa fiwa dipolokelo tsa merafe tsa bona.<ref name=":17" /> Go tsenngwa ga dipolokelo tsa merafe go ne ga fetola mofuta wa puso ya Motswana, ka merafe e ne e sa tlhalosiwe thata mo nakong e e fetileng mme e ne e ka atolosiwa kgotsa ya sutisiwa. Ka dikgaolo di kgaogantswe ka dipuso tsa merafe, baagi ba ne ba sa tlhole ba kgona go tswa mo morafeng motlhofo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;46–47.</ref><ref name=":31">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;24.</ref> Tshireletso kwa tshimologong e ne ya atologela kwa Ngwato, e fitlha go tswa go didikirii di le masome a mabedi le bobedi kwa borwa go ya kwa [[:en:Molopo_River|Nokeng ya Molopo]], mme e ne ya atolosiwa go ya kwa didikiriing di le lesome le borobabobedi kwa borwa go fitlhela kwa Nokeng ya Chobe ka ngwaga wa 1890.<ref name=":22" /><ref name=":32">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;30.</ref>Se se ne sa tlamela Maborithane ka badiri ba bantsi ka fa tlase ga taolo ya yona mme sa bopa sekgoreletsi se segolo sa go lekanyetsa bokoloniale jwa Jeremane.<ref name=":32" /> Batho ba bangwe ba Tswana ba ne ba nna kwa borwa jwa tshireletso mme moragonyana ba ne ba tsenngwa mo Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":28" /> Batho ba ga Kgafela ba ne ba nna kwa [[:en:Mochudi|Mochudi]] ka ngwaga wa 1887. Setlhopha se sa Kgatla se ne sa nna le tlhotlheletso ka bonako mo kgaolong mme leina la sone la nna seka-Kgatla.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMatemba2003|Matemba 2003]], p.&#x20;53.</ref>Masole a Borithane a a neng a eteletswe pele ke [[:en:Charles_Warren|Charles Warren]] a ne a goroga ka ngwaga wa 1891 go tlhoma tshireletso semmuso.<ref name=":29" /> Puso ya yone e ne ya tlhalosiwa, mme ga tlhomiwa mookamedi go nna tlhogo ya yone. Mookamedi o ne a fiwa dithata tse di anameng mo tshireletsong, fa fela a ne a tlotla molao wa morafe o o neng o tlhomilwe pele.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;45.</ref> Motsemogolo wa yone e ne e le toropo ya Aforika Borwa ya Vryburg, go supa gore babusi ba bokoloniale ba ne ba sa nne mo tshireletsong mme ba ne ba sa amege ka tlhamalalo mo mererong ya yona.<ref name=":33">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;41.</ref>Go na le moo, mookamedi yo mogolo o ne a dira ka bathusa-baokamedi ba babedi, mme mookamedi wa kgaolo o ne a tlhofofatsa go ikgolaganya le merafe e e farologaneng.<ref name=":35">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;229.</ref> Go tsenngwa ga puso ya Borithane mo Aforikaborwa go ne go raya gore Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland e ne e ikaegile ka yona mo itsholelong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;162.</ref> Puso ya Borithane e ne e dumela gore Bechuanaland Protectorate ke setheo sa nakwana fela mme e ne e solofetse gore e tla tloga e tsewa ke kolone ya Borithane.<ref name=":37">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;115.</ref> Fa go ntse jalo, e ne e dumela gore tshireletso e e kgonang go itshedisa e tla ja madi a mannye go e tlhokomela.<ref name=":30" /><ref name=":41">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;108.</ref> Ka ntlha ya mabaka a, puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya gapeletsa taolo e nnye fela e e tlhamaletseng ya Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland.<ref name=":23" /> Dikgosi di ne di akola dikgang tse mme tsa kgona go ithatafatsa le go ikhumisa; ba ne ba boloka boipuso jo bo anameng, fela tshegetso ya bokoloniale e ne e raya gore ba ne ba sa tlhole ba tlhoka tumelelo ya merafe go tshegetsa puso.<ref name=":36">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;41–42.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;66–67.</ref>[ Puso ya merafe e ne ya nna ya seemanosi, se se neng sa baka go gataka ditshwanelo tsa batho le go tlhaola basadi le merafe e mennye.<ref name=":38">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], pp.&#x20;161–162.</ref> === Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa tshireletso === {{Multiple image|total_width=300|image1=Chief-khama-III.jpg|image2=Sebele I by Fritsch 1865.jpg|image3=Bathoen I in london1895.jpg|footer=Khama III, Sebele I le Bathoen I, ba ba neng ba kgona go tlhotlheletsa puso ya Borithane gore e se ka ya tsenya Bechuanaland Protectorate mo taolong ya Khamphani ya British South Africa.|direction=Horizontal}} Batho ba lefatshe la Britain ba ne a rulagantse gore kwa bofelong ba akaretse Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland mo Kopanong ya Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":31" /> Mo dingwageng morago ga go tlhamiwa ga tshireletso, United Kingdom e ne ya tsena mo dipuisanong le Cecil Rhodes go e tsenya mo [[:en:British_South_Africa_Company|komponeng ya Aforika Borwa ya Borithane]].<ref name=":27" /> Fa ba araba, dikgosi tse tharo tse di nang le tlhotlheletso thata—Khama wa boraro wa Ba-Ngwato, Sebele Iwa ntlha wa Ba-Kwena, le Bathoen wa ntlha wa Ba-Ngwaketse—ba ne ba tsaya loeto lwa bodipolomate go ya kwa lefatsheng la United Kingdom ka ngwaga wa1895 mme ba dira gore puso e se ka ya wetsa tumalano eo.<ref name=":33" /><ref name=":39">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xvii.</ref>Se se ne sa tlhoma sekao sa dikgosi tse di dirisanang le makgoa a lefatshe la Briritsh jaaka setlhopha se se kopaneng<ref name=":40">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;704.</ref> mme sa kwala batho ba bararo ba jaaka batho ba ntlha mo ditsong tsa Botswana jaaka setšhaba se le sengwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;29.</ref> Tsela e Rhodes a neng a tshwara [[:en:Jameson_Raid|Jameson Raid]] ka yone e e neng ya palelwa e ne ya kgoba makgowa a lefatshe la British marapo mme dipuisano tsa busediwa morago go ya go ile.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;30–31.</ref> Go ketekwa ga dikgosi tse go ne ga felela ka go gatisiwa ga Dikgosi tse Tharo tse dikgolo tsa Aforika: ''Khamé'', ''Sebéle'' le ''Bathoeng'' ke Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa lefatshe la London ka one ngwaga oo. Mokwalo o o [[:en:Founding_myth|tlhagisitse tlhamane]] e e simolotseng ya gore merafe ya bone e meraro ka go farologana e tlhodilwe ke bakaulengwe ba bararo.<ref name=":42">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFParsons2006|Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;670.</ref> Gape ka ngwaga wa 1895, motsemogolo o ne wa fudusiwa go tswa kwa Vryburg go ya kwa toropong e nngwe ya Aforika Borwa, [[:en:Mafeking|Mafeking]],<ref name=":33" />mme kompone ya Marope a Bogologolo e ne ya kwadisiwa go epa marope a pele ga ditso kwa Bechuanaland le Rhodesia go batla gauta.<ref name=":32" /> Tshireletso e ne ya amiwa thata ke go runya ga bolwane mo diphologolong ya Aforika ya dingwaga tsa bo 1890, ya latlhegelwa ke dikarolo tse dikgolo tsa leruo la yona le diphologolo tsa naga.<ref name=":39" /> [[:en:1890s_African_rinderpest_epizootic|Seporo sa tshireletso se agilwe ka]] [[:en:1890s_African_rinderpest_epizootic|ngwaga wa 1897]] jaaka mola o mogolo wa phetiso ya bokone–borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;226.</ref> Fa lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le tsosa [[:en:Pioneer_Column|setlhopa sa Babulatsela]] go ya ntweng le batho ba Ndebele, [[:en:Khama_III|Khama wa boraro]] wa Ngwato o ne a thusa ka go romela masole.<ref name=":43">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;32.</ref> Botswana e ne ya nna lefelo la [[:en:Jameson_Raid|tlhaselo ya ga Jameson]] ka 1896.<ref name=":39" /> Morafe wa Kgatla moragonyana o ne wa nna karolo ya [[:en:Boer_War|Ntwa ya Maburu]], o lwa mmogo le Sesole sa Borithane.<ref name=":43" /> Itsholelo ya pele ya bokoloniale ya Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland e ne ya nna e tshwana thata le itsholelo ya pele ga bokoloniale.<ref /> United Kingdom e ne e dirisa thata naga ya tshireletso jaaka tlamelo ya badiri, e fa Batswana ba ba neng ba fudugela kwa borwa go ya go bereka mo meepong dituelo tse di kwa godimo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;42.</ref> Makgetho le one a ne a tsenngwa, go simolola ka [[:en:Hut_tax|lekgetho la ntlwana]] ka ngwaga wa 1899, le le neng la emisediwa ka [[:en:Poll_tax|lekgetho la ditlhopho]] ka ngwaga wa 1909.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;43.</ref> Lekgetho la selegae le ne la tsenngwa moragonyana ka ngwaga wa 1919.<ref name=":44">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;31.</ref>Makgetho a bokoloniale kwa Tshireletsong ya Bechuanaland a ne a le kwa godimo go feta a dikoloni tse di mabapi, mme se sa dira gore batho ba le bantsi ba fudugele kwa borwa, mme dikgosi di ne tsa letlelela go abelana maatla ka bopelotshweu le baagi go ba rotloetsa go nna.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;43–44.</ref> Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la akanyetsa go kopanya tshireletso mo Aforika Borwa jaaka e ne e [[:en:South_Africa_Act_1909|kopanya dikoloni tsa yona tsa borwa jwa Aforika]], fela kwa bofelong e ne ya di kopanya ka itsholelo ka go tlhama Kopano ya Melelwane ya Aforika Borwa,<ref name=":39" /> ya kopana ka ngwaga wa 1910.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;137.</ref> Boloko bo ne bo dira gore tshireletso e nne le karolo tse pedi mo lekgolong fela ya lotseno lwa bokopano.<ref name=":44" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1910, merafe yotlhe ya Batswana e ne e amogetse Bokeresete.<ref name=":24" />Bechuanaland e ne ya romela masole a le makgolo a le mmalwa go thusa Sesole sa Borithane ka nako ya [[:en:World_War_I|Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya ntlha]].<ref name=":43" /> Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa London o ne wa iphitlhela o wela tlase ka nako eo, mme ka iketlo o ne wa latlhegelwa ke tlhotlheletso mo pusong e e neng e sireleditswe.<ref name=":42" /> [[:en:Sebele_II|Sebele wa bobedi]] o ne a nna kgosi ya Kwena ka ngwaga wa 1918, a tlhatlhama rraagwe, [[:en:Sechele_II|Sechele]] [[:en:Sechele_II|wa bobedi]]. Sechele II o ne a thulana le Mokgatlho wa Barongwa wa London o o neng o laola, a letlelela go nna teng ga Anglican le go busetsa mekgwa e mentsi ya setso e e jaaka go nyala basadi ba le bantsi, go dira pula le ''[[:en:Bogwera|bogwera]]''. Sebele II o ne a tswelela ka kgwetlho ya ga rraagwe kwa Mokgatlhong wa Barongwa wa London, go ngongorega ga puso ya Borithane.<ref /> Puso e e gabedi ya dikgosi le tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e ne ya dira gore tsamaiso e nne thata, ka jalo tsamaiso e ne ya tlhama makgotla a mabedi a bagakolodi go lekalekanya balaodi bao.<ref name=":44" /> Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Batswana (moragonyana Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Aforika) le ne la tlhongwa ka ngwagawa 1919.<ref name=":35" />Kopano e ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya dikgosi le batho ba bangwe ba ba nang le tlhotlheletso mo tshireletsong e ne ya letla puso ya Borithane go utlwa le go laola merafe mmogo go na le ka bongwe.[<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;47–49.</ref>] Khama wa boraro wa Ngwato o ne a gana go tsaya karolo, a supa bokoa jwa tiragatso ya thibelo ya bojalwa mo morafeng wa borwa. Khama wa boraro o ne a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 1923<ref name=":45">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;230.</ref> mme a tlhatlhangwa ke [[:en:Sekgoma_II|Sekgoma]] [[:en:Sekgoma_II|wa bobedi]], yo o neng a direla go fitlha a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa 1926.<ref name=":45" /> Morwa wa ga Sekgoma e bong [[:en:Seretse_Khama|Seretse Khama]] o ne a sa ntse a le lesea, ka jalo [[:en:Tshekedi_Khama|Tshekedi Khama]] o ne a nna mmusi.<ref name=":46">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> Tshekedi o ne a lemogwa jaaka moemedi wa merafe yotlhe ya Batswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;25.</ref> Fa Seretse a ntse a gola, Tshekedi o ne a gatelela gore a fiwe [[:en:Liberal_education|thuto e e gololesegileng]] go na le gore a romelwe kwa sekolong sa madirelo sa Rhodesia.<ref>Samatar 1999, p.&#x20;179.</ref> === Tlhabololo le tlhotlheletso e e oketsegileng ya Borithane === Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1920, kgosi Isang Pilane wa batho ba Kgatla o ne a okametse sekema sa ntlha se segolo sa tlhabololo ya metsi sa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland , a dira gore go epiwe metswedi ya metsi e le lesomethataro, mme di le supa tsa tsone di ne tsa nna ditlamelo tsa metsi tse di atlegileng. Tse e ne tsa tlwaelega thata mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di latelang fa puso ya Borithane e ne e kgatlhegela go atolosa itsholelo ya tshireletso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;70.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1930, Isang Pilane le Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la Batswana ba ne ba dira gore dikhuti di nne tse di hapegileng, ka gonne di ne di sa tlhokomelwe ka fa tlase ga bong jo bo kopanetsweng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], pp.&#x20;699–700.</ref> Komelelo e e masisi e ne ya nna teng mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1930, ya bolaya go feta karolo ya masome a marataro mo lekgolong ya dikgomo tsa tshireletso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;69.</ref> Puso ya Borithane e ne ya tsaya karolo e e matlhagatlhaga mo pusong ya tshireletso go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1930.<ref name=":47">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;58.</ref><ref name=":41" />Mo ngwageng oo, e ne ya simolola go tlamela ka matlole ka tlhamalalo go tshireletso.<ref name=":48">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;63.</ref> Charles Rey o ne a tlhomiwa go nna molaodi wa Moagi wa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland, mme o ne a na le maikarabelo a go rulaganya itsholelo sešwa go dikologa dikgomo tsa go romelwa kwa ntle.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], pp.&#x20;55–56.</ref> Maiteko a go fetola tshireletso go ya kwa tlhabololong ya meepo le temothuo ya kgwebo a ne a lekwa mme a bona a kgarametswa morago go tswa mo dikgosing.<ref name=":37" /> Molaodi wa Moagi Rey o ne a thulana le kgosi Sebele wa bobedi, mme a dira gore a lelekwe ka 1931. Sebele II o ne a emisediwa ka morwarraagwe yo mmotlana, Kgari.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;79.</ref> Dikgato tse dingwe di ne tsa lekwa ke puso ya Borithane ka 1934 go thibela maatla a a sa laolweng a dikgosi morago ga go menolwa ga ga Sebele II. Dikgato tseno di ne tsa laela makgotla a bagakolodi a dikgosi di neng di tshwanetse go buisana le one mme di ne di batla gore puso ya Borithane e newe phitlhelelo ya direkoto tsa kgotlatshekelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;69–70.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;49.</ref> Kgosi [[:en:Bathoen_II|Bathoen wa bobedi]] wa Ngwaketse le moemedi Tshekedi Khama wa Ngwato ba ne ba ntsha kgwetlho ya semolao mo maitekong a. Le fa kgotlatshekelo ya Borithane e ne ya atlhola kgatlhanong le kgwetlho, dipholisi tse dišwa ga di ise di ko di tsenngwe tirisong ka botlalo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;72–73.</ref><ref name=":49">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;50.</ref> Dithibelo tse dingwe di ne tsa amogelwa ka kgoeletso ya bokoloniale go lekanyetsa bokgoni jwa dikgosi go lefisa makgetho le go gapa dikgomo tse di timetseng.<ref name=":39" /> Molaodi yo mošwa wa baagi, [[:en:Charles_Arden-Clarke|Charles Arden-Clarke]], o ne a tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa 1936 mme a dira gaufi le dikgosi.<ref name=":49" /> === Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa Ntwa ya Lefatshe II === Dipoifo tsa tlhaselo ya Jeremane kwa Bechuanaland di ne tsa gola pele ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi ka ntlha ya boemo jwa yone jwa togamaano fa gare ga dikoloni tsa Boritane tse di fa gare le tse di kwa borwa mo Aforika. Malatsi a le lesome le bongwe pele ga ntwa e itsisiwe, puso ya Borithane e ne ya tlhagisa naga e e sireleditsweng gore e nne e le mo seemong se se siameng, mme masole a sesole a ne a rulaganngwa. Malatsi a le manè morago ga gore Borithane e bolele ntwa kgatlhanong le lefatshe la Germany, Molaodi wa Moagi Arden-Clarke o ne a tshwara kopano le dikgosi kwa ba neng ba solofetsa go tshegetsa maiteko a ntwa ka botlalo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;32–33.</ref> Letsatsi le le latelang, khomišene e kgolo e ne ya ntsha kgoeletso ya [[:en:Emergency_powers|dithata tsa tshoganyetso]] tse di neng tsa e fa taolo e e feletseng mo tirong ya setšhaba mo tshireletsong, fela dikgosi di ne tsa itsisiwe gore di tla nna le maikarabelo a bontsi jwa tiragatso le go boloka kagiso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;33–34.</ref> Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi di ne di batlile go se go nne le tshusumetso epe mo bathong ba Bechuanaland, mme bontsi bo ne bo na le kakanyo e e sa tlhamalalang fela ya gore ntwa e ne e le teng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;34.</ref> Tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e ne ya ngotlega fa palo e kgolo ya baagi ba basweu ba ne ba ikwadisa mo Sesoleng sa Boritane. Ba ba neng ba setse ba ne ba tlhomile mogopolo mo thulaganyong ya tshireletsego fa go ka direga gore borwa jwa Aforika bo nne letlhakore le lengwe mo ntweng.<ref name=":50">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;35.</ref> Kgatlhanong le dikeletso tsa dikgosi, puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya rotloetsa Batswana ba ba neng ba eletsa go direla le Sesole sa Borithane go ikwadisa le Sesole sa Batswana sa Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;38.</ref> Banna ba Batswana ba ka nna makgolo a supa ba ne ba ikwadisa le setlhopha seno.<ref name=":51">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;50.</ref> Go tlhokomela Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland go ne ga nna selo se se kwa tlase mo lefatsheng la United Kingdom ka nako ya Kwelotlase e Kgolo ya itsholelo le Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi,<ref name=":41" /> mme tshireletso ga e a ka ya amogela matlole ape go tswa kwa lefatsheng la United Kingdom ka nako ya ntwa.<ref name=":48" /> Mmusomogolo wa Borithane o ne o na le taolo e nnye mo Bechuanaland fa o bapisiwa le dikgaolo tsa one tse dingwe, mme maiteko a Borithane a go laola tlhagiso ya nako ya ntwa mo tshireletsong a ne a sa atlege.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;124.</ref> Ntwa e ne ya fetola thata itsholelo ya tshireletso fa e ntse e tswelela, ya tlhagisa tlhaelo, go aba dijo, le ditlhwatlhwa tse di kwa godimo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;123.</ref> [[:en:Profiteering|Go dira dipoelo]] le go [[:en:Price_gouging|fokotsa ditlhwatlhwa]] go ne go tlwaelesegile, mme puso ya bokoloniale, e e neng e sa kgone go gagamatsa [[:en:Price_control|ditaolo tsa ditlhwatlhwa]], e ne ya dirisa [[:en:Gentlemen's_agreement|ditumalano tsa banna]] le bagwebi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;138.</ref> Makgetho a ne a tlhatlosiwa mme mananeo a Letlole la Tlhabololo ya Bokoloniale di ne tsa fokodiwa kwa tshimologong ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi go tlhoma boipuso jwa matlole go tswa mo mmusomogolong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;125–126.</ref> Kgoeletso ya Taolo ya Madirelo a Leruo ya ntlha ya ngwaga wa 1940 e ne ya fetisiwa go duedisa dikgomo lekgetho, madirelo a a magolo a tshireletso, mme fela e ne ya kopana le kganetso e e boitshegang go tswa kwa Batswaneng le Lekgotla la Bogakolodi la kaorolokgolong ya lefatsa ya Europe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;136.</ref> Letlole la ntwa le ne le dira kwa Bechuanaland, mme le fa lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le solohetse gore meneelo e nne ya boithaopo, dikgosi di ne tsa dirisa taolo ya tsone mo merafeng ya tsone go pateletsa meneelo. E ne ya emisediwa ka lekgetho ka ngwaga wa1941, fela se se ne se sa ratwe thata mme sa itshupa se le thata go se diragatsa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;128–131.</ref> === Botsayakarolo jwa Batswana mo Ntweng ya Lefatshe II === [[Setshwantsho:Bechuanaland Boys cleaning Aa Guns in the Twilight after Action, Syracuse, Sicily Art.IWMARTLD4576.jpg|thumb|Basimane ba Bechuanaland ba phepafatsa Ditlhobolo tsa Aa mo Lefifing morago ga Tiragalo, Syracuse, Sicily, tiro ya botaki ya 1944 e e dirilweng ke [[:en:Leslie_Cole_(artist)|Leslie Cole]]]] Go thapiwa ga sesole go simolotse kwa Bechuanaland ka ngwaga wa 1941.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;34–35.</ref> Banna ba ka nna dikete tse tlhano le makgolo a matlhano ba ne ba katisiwa mme ba romelwa kwa ntweng mo dikgweding tsa ntlha tse thataro.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;44.</ref> Banna ba bangwe ba Batswana ba le dikete tse tlhano ba ne ba tsenelela ntwa ka ngwaga wa 1942.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;46.</ref> Ka kakaretso, masole a ka nna dikete tse lesome le bongwe go tswa kwa Bechuanaland a ne a lwa mmogo le Sesole sa Borithane ka nako ya ntwa.<ref name=":50" /> Ba feta dikete tse lesome ba bone ba ne ba direla mo Sesoleng sa Boritane sa [[:en:African_Auxiliary_Pioneer_Corps|Babulatsela ba ba Thusang ba Aforika]].<ref name=":51" /> Dikgosi ka tlwaelo di ne di na le tshwanelo ya go [[:en:Conscript|kwadisa]] masole, mme di ne di itlhokomolosa dikeletso tsa puso ya bokoloniale tsa gore tirelo ya sesole e nne ya boithaopo gotlhelele.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;44–46.</ref> Moemedi Tshekedi Khama wa Ngwato o ne a dira gore a se ka a ratwa ke batho ka go dirisa go tsenngwa mo sesoleng jaaka sedirisiwa sa taolo, a go dirisa sebetsa go didimatsa batshwayadiphoso le baganetsi ba sepolotiki.<ref name=":52">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;43.</ref> Banna ba ba neng ba eletsa go tila go tsenela bosole ka dinako tse dingwe ba ne ba tshabela kwa Aforika Borwa kgotsa kwa mafelong a a kgakala jaaka metlhaba ya [[:en:Okavango_Delta|noka e phatlallang ya Okavango]] le [[:en:Kgalagadi_Transfrontier_Park|sekgwa sa Kgalagadi]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;47.</ref> Ba bangwe ba ne ba dirisa dikgato tsa go itlhokomela ka bonako, jaaka go epa dikhutsi fa bathapi ba ne ba etela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;55.</ref> Dikgosi di ne di eletsa go dirisa go tsaya karolo ga tsone mo ntweng go bona ditshwanelo tse dingwe mo teng ga Mmusomogolo wa Borithane, mme di ne di tshaba gore go fenngwa ga Borithane go tla ba dira babusiwa ba Jeremane kgotsa Aforika Borwa, e leng phelelo e ba neng ba eletsa go e tila.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;39–40.</ref> Maiteko a ntwa gape e ne e le tshono ya go busetsa banna ba Batswana ba ba neng ba fudugetse kwa Aforika Borwa go ya go dira ditiro tsa meepo; dikgosi di ne di eletsa go fedisa mokgwa o mme di ne di ikutlwa di ka dira jalo ka go neelana ka ditiro tsa sesole.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;41–43.</ref> Dituelo dingwe tsa sesole di ne tsa diegisiwa go malapa a masole, mme ditekanyetso tsa thomelo kwa ntle di ne tsa tlosiwa ka nako ya ntwa, mme tsa baka go tsena ga madi kwa Bechuanaland.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;133.</ref> Fa go bapisiwa le ditšhaba tse dingwe tse di mo Mmusong wa Boritane, batho ba Bechuanaland ba ne ba amogela ntwa eo. Batswana ba le bantsi ba ne ba na le maikutlo a boikanyegi mo mmusomogolong kgotsa ba ikutlwa gore dikgatlhego tsa bone di a tsamaisana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], pp.&#x20;36–37.</ref> Dikgosi dingwe, jaaka [[:en:Kgari_Sechele_II|Kgari Sechele]] [[:en:Kgari_Sechele_II|wa bobedi]] wa kwa ga Kwena le Molefi Pilane wa ga Kgatla, ba ne ba ikwadisa ka sebele. Ba ne ba dira jaaka disajene tse dikgolo tsa masole, e leng maemo a a kwa godimo a a neng a le teng mo Batswaneng.<ref name=":52" /> Go ela kwa bokhutlong jwa Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi, puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya letlelela Batswana go nna le diteseletso tsa kgwebo le go dira mo teng ga naga e e sireleditsweng. Se pele se ne se lekanyeditswe batho basweu le makula.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;135.</ref> Setlhopha sa Dikgaolo tsa Dikhomišene tse di Kwa Godimo se ne se le kwa Botlhabagare go tloga ka ngwaga wa 1946 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1949.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFJackson1999|Jackson 1999]], p.&#x20;31.</ref> === Mokgatlho wa boipuso === [[Setshwantsho:1960 6d Bechuanaland Protectorate stamp.jpg|thumb|Setempe sa ngwaga wa 1960 sa Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland se se nang le ditshwantsho tsa ga [[:en:Queen_Victoria|Kgosigadi Victoria]] le [[:en:Elizabeth_II|Elizabeth wa bobedi]], dikgosi tsa ntlha le tsa bofelo tsa Borithane tsa tshireletso .]] Bokhutlo jwa Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi bo ne jwa tla ka phetogo e kgolo mo setšhabeng. Dikgosi di ne tsa bonwa di se botlhokwa thata mo sebopegong sa loago, mme bontsi bo ne jwa tlogela dipolelo tsa bone tsa lefatshe lotlhe mo dikgomong tsa merafe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;51.</ref> Didirisiwa tse dingwe tsa setšhaba, jaaka lefatshe le badiri, di ne tsa dirwa tse di hapegileng le go dirwa dithoto.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;52.</ref> Phitlhelelo ya thuto e ne ya tlhola setlhopha sa batlhalefi ba ba [[:en:Liberalism|gololesegileng]] ba ba neng ba le kgatlhanong le puso ya dikgosi mme ba simolola go ipopela mafelo a bone a maatla mo mekgatlhong ya badiri le ditlhopha tsa baagi.<ref name=":63">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;165.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1946, ke karolo ya bobedi mo lekgolong fela ya paoyotlhe ya baagi e e neng e na le tiro kwa ntle ga temothuo le ditirelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;57.</ref> Tshireletso e ne ya bona koketsego e kgolo ya dikelo tsa matsalo jaaka karolo ya bogare jwa [[:en:Mid-20th_century_baby_boom|ngwagakgolo wa masome a mabedi wa go tlhatloga ga masea]] mo dingwageng tsa morago ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi, e e neng e tsamaya le koketsego ya [[:en:Life_expectancy|dingwaga tsa botshelo]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;12–13.</ref> Tsamaiso ya bokoloniale e simolotse lenaneo la yone la ntlha ya tlhabololo mo tshireletsong, e leng lefelo la matlhabelo, ka dingwaga tsa bo ka ngwaga wa 1950.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;81.</ref> Maborithane, a santse a solofetse go kopanya tshireletso go nna Aforika Borwa, kwa bofelong a ne a phimola leano le morago ga tshimologo ya [[:en:Apartheid|Tlhaolele]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;24–25.</ref>Fa maiteko a simolola go tlhama tsela e ntšhwa ya isago ya tshireletso, tshireletso e ne ya bewa mo seemong sa go tlhoka maitseo, mme ga go na tsela ya go ya pele e e neng e bonala sentle.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFParsons2006|Parsons 2006]], pp.&#x20;672–673.</ref> Tshitshinyo nngwe e ne e le go e tsenya mo [[:en:Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland|Mokgatlhong wa Rhodesia le Nyasaland]], o lefatshe la United Kingdom e o tlhamileng ka fa tlase ga pholisi ya "tirisanommogo ya merafe e mentsi".<ref>Parsons 2006, p.&#x20;673.</ref> Fa mojaboswa wa Ngwato Seretse Khama a gola, mmusi Tshekedi Khama o ne a leka go tshwarelela mo pusong.<ref name=":53">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHjort2009|Hjort 2009]], p.&#x20;696.</ref> Seretse o ne a nyala mosadi wa mosweu, [[:en:Ruth_Williams_Khama|Ruth Williams]], fa a ne a ithuta kwa lefatsheng la United Kingdom, mme se sa baka matlhabisa ditlhong mo lelapeng la segosi la ga Ngwato.<ref name=":46" /> Le fa kwa tshimologong setšhaba se ne se le kgatlhanong le lenyalo le, go sa ratweng ga ga Tshekedi go ne ga fetola maikutlo a Seretse.<ref name=":47" /> Kgang e ne ya tlhagisiwa mo kgotleng ka ngwaga wa 1949, mme puso ya ga Tshekedi e ne ya ganwa ka bontsi ke diketekete tsa batho ba ba neng ba le teng.<ref name=":53" /><ref name=":47" /> Tshekedi le batshegetsi ba gagwe ba ne ba tshabela kwa Kwena kwa botshabelo.<ref name=":54">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;89.</ref> Puso ya makgowa e ne e sa itshokele lenyalo la ga Seretse le mosadi yo mosweu. Ka maiteko a go ritibatsa puso ya Tlhaolele ya Aforika Borwa, e ne ya leleka banyalani ba mo pusong ya tshireletso ka ngwaga wa 1950. Se se ne sa tsosa mokgatlho wa bosetšhaba o o neng o gola mo gare ga baemanokeng ba ga Seretse mo pusong ya tshireletso, o o neng wa tlhagelela ka botlalo ka ngwaga wa 1952.<ref name=":37" /> Ka nako ya fa Seretse a ne a seyo, lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la baya molaodi wa kgaolo dingwaga di le nne pele ga e tlhoma Rasebolai Kgamane, motshegetsi wa ga Tshekedi, go nna moemedi.<ref name=":54" /> Morafe wa Ngwato o ne wa tsuologela go lelekwa ga ga Seretse.<ref name=":55">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;53.</ref> Batshegetsi ba gagwe ba ne ba kopa gore a bowe, mme go ne ga tsoga dikhuduego fa ba ne ba ganwa. Seretse o ne a feleletsa a letleletswe go boa ka ngwaga wa1956.<ref name=":56">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;90.</ref> Ka nako e, kgaogano e e gagametseng ya merafe mo Aforika Borwa ya Tlhaolele e ne ya thibela lefatshe la United Kingdom go e ritibatsa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;200.</ref> Mo nakong yotlhe ya mathata a go lelekwa ga ga Seretse, maatla a ne a tlogela bogosi mme a ya kwa mekgatlhong ya ditlhopho.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;91.</ref> Tshekedi le Seretse ba ne ba dira kagiso fa Seretse a boa, mme Seretse a nna moeteledipele wa ''nnete'' wa Ngwato, le fa lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne le mo thibetse go nna kgosi ya semmuso.<ref name=":56" /> Ka thotloetso ya Borithane, morafe wa Ngwato o ne wa tlhama lekgotla la morafe, le Seretse le Tshekedi ka bobedi e neng e le maloko a lone.<ref name=":55" /> Merafe e mengwe e ne ya tlhoma makgotla a merafe a a tshwanang, a a neng a dira jaaka ditšheke tsa maatla a dikgosi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;26.</ref> Go ne ga sala letlhoo lengwe fa gare ga banna ba babedi ba: Tshekedi o ne a eletsa go boloka puso ya morafe le maatla a dikgosi, fa Seretse ene a ne a akanya ka puso ya batho ka batho ya boemedi le dikgosi tse di bokoa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;91–92.</ref> Selekanyo sa maatla a a beeleditsweng mo dikgosing e ne ya nna kgang e e neng ya baka dikganetsano thata mo mokgatlhong wa boipuso o o neng o gola, bogolosegolo mo bathong ba ga Ngwato le ba lelapa la ga Khama.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;93–94.</ref> Bechuanaland Protectorate Federal Party e ne e le lekoko la ntlha la sepolotiki le le neng la tlhamiwa mo kgaolong ya tshireletso fa le ne le tlhamiwa ke moeteledipele wa mokgatlo wa Ngwato [[:en:Leetile_Disang_Raditladi|Leetile Disang Raditladi]] ka ngwaga wa 1959. Le bopilwe thata ke batho ba maemo le batlhalefi, le ne le buelela kopano ya merafe ya Batswana. Lekoko le ne la palelwa ke go bona tshegetso mme la nna lobaka lo lokhutshwane.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;94.</ref> Ngwaga o o latelang, [[:en:Bechuanaland_People's_Party|Lekoko la Batho la Bechuanaland]] (BPP, moragonyana Lekoko la Batho la Botswana) le ne la tlhamiwa jaaka lekoko le le bogale thata, le le ganetsanang le puso ya merafe ya setso mme la bona boikuelo mo badiring ba bafaladi.<ref name=":57">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> E ne e eteletswe pele ke [[:en:Motsamai_Mpho|Motsamai Mpho]], [[:en:Philip_Matante|Philip Matante]], le Kgalemang Morsete.<ref name=":58">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xviii.</ref> BPP, e e neng ya tlhamiwa jaaka molekane wa Setswana wa lekoko la [[:en:African_National_Congress|African National Congress]] la Aforika Borwa,<ref name=":59">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;74.</ref> e ne ya tshegetsa boipuso jwa ka bonako le go fedisiwa gotlhelele ga bogosi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;27.</ref> Ka go tshaba gore BPP e tla nyatsa puso e e leng teng le go tshuba dikgotlhang le puso ya Tlhaolele ya Aforika Borwa, dikgosi le puso ya Borithane di ne tsa thibela bokgoni jwa yona jwa go kopana.<ref name=":57" /> Merafe ya tshireletso mmogo e ne ya bopa lekgotla la peomolao ka ngwaga wa 1961.<ref name=":37" /> Batho ba Kwena ba ne ba iphitlhela ba le ka fa tlase ga moemedi, [[:en:Neale_Sechele|Neale Sechele]], ka ngwaga wa 1963, se se rayang gore ba ne ba na le tlhotlheletso e nnye ya sepolotiki fa mokgatlho wa boipuso o ntse o gola.<ref name=":60">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;102.</ref> Leano la Tlhabololo la Tshireletso ya Bechuanaland la dingwaga tsa 1963/1968 le ne la kwalwa ka thulaganyo ya dipuisano ka ngwaga wa 1963, le tlhama tlhaloso ya boipuso jwa setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;26–27.</ref> Fa palo ya batho e ne ba sa dire sepe mo dipolotiking ka kakaretso, lefatshe la United Kingdom e ne ya nna nngwe ya mafatshe a a neng a etelela pele go bona boipuso. Ka go tshwenyega gore lekoko la BPP e ne e le e e tseneletseng thata, lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la rotloetsa moeteledipele wa yone yo o mo ratang, Seretse Khama, go tlhama lekoko la sepolotiki.<ref name=":59" /> Le fa Khama a ne a dumalana le mekgwa ya lekoko la BPP e e kgatlhanong le bosemorafe le ya lefatshe, o ne a le kgatlhanong le tsela ya yone ya go tlhoma dipolotiki le go amogela ga yone bojammogo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;96.</ref>O ne a dumela go tlogela go bolela ga gagwe mo bathong ba ga Ngwato go dira jaaka radipolotiki, a tlhama [[:en:Bechuanaland_Democratic_Party|Lekoko la]] [[:en:Bechuanaland_Democratic_Party|puso ya batho ka batho la Bechuanaland]] (BDP, moragonyana ya nna lekoko la Botswana Democratic ) ka ngwaga wa 1962.<ref name=":59" /> Lekoko la BDP e ne ya itlhoma jaaka "lekoko la dikgosi", mme ya amogela dikakanyo tse di amanang le puso ya merafe ya pele ga bokoloniale.<ref name=":30" /> Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la rotloetsa lekoko la BDP, le tlhaloganya gore le tla tshegetsa kgwebisano ya leruo ya motlha wa bokoloniale.<ref name=":73">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;149.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1963, kgosi ya Kgatla Linchwe e ne e le ene fela kgosi e e neng e le kgatlhanong le BDP e bile e na le tlhotlheletso ya sepolotiki, mme batho ba Kgatla ba ne ba rata lekoko la BDP, ka jalo o ne a nna a sa tsenelele mo dipolotiking.<ref name=":60" /> Thulaganyo ya phetogo e ne ya simolola ka lekoko la BDP e ne e solofetswe go busa Botswana yo o ikemetseng, mme puso ya bokoloniale e ne ya bereka le boeteledipele jwa lekoko la BDP go ba baakanyetsa go tsamaisa setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;78.</ref> Go ne ga tshwarwa bokopano ka ngwaga wa 1963 go okamela go tlhamiwa ga molaotheo o mosha. Dikgotlhang tsa ka fa gare ga lekoko la BPP di ne di raya gore lekoko la BDP e ne e na le tlhotlheletso e ntsi mo thulaganyong. Tshekedi Khama o ne a tlhokafetse ka nako e, ka jalo Bathoen wa bobedi o ne a nna moeteledipele wa lekoko le le neng le ema nokeng puso ya bofederale, a dumela gore le tla boloka puso e le mo diatleng tsa dikgosi. Lefatshe la United Kingdom le boradipolotiki ba Batswana ba ne ba tshegetsa puso ya bosetšhaba e e kopaneng ka gonne Botswana e ne e humanegile thata go ka kgaoganya dithoto tsa yona le ka gonne go tlhoka go kopanya dithoto go ne go tla dira gore e nne mo kotsing ya go tlhaselwa ke merafe e mengwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;97.</ref> Puso ya dikgaolo e e itsholetseng e ne ya itshupa e sa kgonege mo dipolotiking, ka jalo go ne ga dirwa tumalano ya gore dikgosi di tla bopa Ntlo ya Dikgosi, e leng setlhopha sa bagakolodi mo teng ga [[:en:Parliament_of_Botswana|Palamente ya Botswana]].<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;98–99.</ref> Dikgosi di ne di santse di le kgatlhanong le thulaganyo e, mme mo mokgatlhong o o neng o eteletswe pele ke Bathoen, Ntlo ya Dikgosi e ne ya fetisa tlhopo ya [[:en:No_confidence|go sa tshepe]] puso e ntšhwa, mme fela go tlhoka maatla a yone a sepolotiki go ne ga e thibela go dirisa phetogo e e nang le bokao.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;56.</ref> Molao wa Lekgotla la Kgaolo o ne wa fetisiwa jaaka tsela e nngwe ya go lekanyetsa maatla a dikgosi ka go tlhama makgotla a a tla okamelang kgaolo le toropo nngwe le nngwe,<ref name=":58" /> go dira gore mekgatlho e e tlhophilweng e e nne balaodi ba konokono ba selegae.<ref name=":64">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;78.</ref> Toropo ya [[:en:Gaborone|Gaborone]] e agilwe ka ngwaga wa 1965 mme ya itsisiwe jaaka motsemogolo o mošwa.<ref name=":59" /> E agilwe mo lefatsheng la puso ya Borithane, le le neng le tlamela ka lefelo le le sa tseyeng letlhakore le le neng le sa laolwe ke morafe ope .<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;16.</ref> [[:en:Constitution_of_Botswana|Molamotheo]] o ne wa tsenngwa tirisong ka one ngwaga oo.<ref name=":59" /> Ka se se tirisong, Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la fa tshireletso puso ya go ipusa.<ref name=":61">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRobinsonParsons2006|Robinson &#x26; Parsons 2006]], p.&#x20;116.</ref> Ngwaga wa 1965 gape e ne ya bona go fetisiwa ga Molao wa Dikgotla tsa Dikgaolo o o neng wa fetola seabe sa bokoloniale sa molaodi wa kgaolo ka go se bofa mo makgotleng a dikgaolo a a sa tswang go tlhamiwa,<ref name=":74">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;25.</ref> mme wa bona go tlhongwa ga Banka ya Tlhabololo ya Bosetšhaba e e neng e le ya puso.<ref name=":75">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;95.</ref> Mpho o ne a kgaogana le lekoko la BPP go tlhama Lekoko la Boipuso la Bechuanaland (BIP) ka ngwaga wa 1965.<ref name=":62">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;32.</ref> E eteletswe pele ke Seretse Khama le [[:en:Quett_Masire|Quett Masire]], lekoko la BDP le ne la dira letsholo mo e ka nnang mo motseng mongwe le mongwe wa kgaolo ya tshireletso pele ga ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa kakaretso. Go farologana le batho ba bangwe ba sepolotiki kwa Bechuanaland, Seretse Khama o ne a na le boikuelo go ralala merafe e e farologaneng.<ref name=":60" /> Morago ga moo lekoko la BDP le ne la tlhophiwa go etelela puso ya ntlha pele.<ref name=":61" /> Lekoko la BPP le ne la gapa manno a le mararo fela mo lekgotleng la peomolao, mme lekoko la BIP le ne la palelwa ke go gapa epe.<ref name=":62" /> Morago ga ditlhopho, go ne ga tlhamiwa lekoko la [[:en:Botswana_National_Front|Botswana]] [[:en:Botswana_National_Front|National Front]] (BNF) jaaka lekoko le le kopaneng la kganetso ya BDP.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;32–33.</ref> E tlhomilwe ke [[:en:Kenneth_Koma|Kenneth Koma]], lekoko la BNF le ne la nna mmaba yo mogolo wa lekoko la BDP.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;109.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;31–33.</ref> Lekoko la BDP le ne la tlhopha Khama go nna tonakgolo ya naga.<ref name=":65">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;204.</ref>Go farologana le makoko a mantsi a sepolotiki a a tlhomilweng mo Aforika, BDP e ne e le lekoko le le itekanetseng le le sa fetogeng go na le go nna lekoko le le kgatlhanong le bokoloniale.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBrown2020|Brown 2020]], p.&#x20;711.</ref> Morago ga go tlhamiwa ga yona, Ntlo ya Dikgosi e ne ya ntsha tlhopo ya go sa tshepe molaotheo ka ngwaga wa 1966, mme se sa dira gore go nne le letsholo la bosetšhaba la go tshegetsa molaotheo le le neng la bona tshegetso e e lekaneng gore dikgosi di fedise maiteko a tsone a go o gwetlha.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;100–101.</ref> Tshireletso e ne ya newa boipuso jaaka Rephaboliki ya Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1966.<ref name=":61" /> == Repaboliki ya Botswana == [[Setshwantsho:Botswana Independence, 1966.png|thumb|[[:en:Seretse_Khama|Seretse Khama]] a ikanisa maikano a go nna Tautona wa ntlha wa Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1966]] Boipuso jwa Botswana bo ne bo kaya go tsenngwa tirisong ga puso ya batho le batho e e gololesegileng, go tlisa ditlhopho, tshireletso ya ditshwanelo tsa batho, le tirelosetšhaba.<ref name=":64" /> Se se ne sa dira gore go nne le thulaganyo ya go tlhatlosiwa maemo e e ikaegileng ka bokgoni le go tlhamiwa ga tsamaiso ya puso ya maranyane.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;8–9.</ref>Setšhaba se ne sa bopa puso e e neng e fetotswe go tswa mo [[:en:Westminster_system|tsamaisong ya Westminster]],<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], pp.&#x20;23–24.</ref> mme Tonakgolo Seretse Khama a nna Moporesidente Seretse Khama.<ref name=":65" /> Go ne ga tlhamiwa boitshupo jwa bosetšhaba, jwa kopanya merafe e e sa tshwaneng mo letshwaong le le lengwe la Setswana, ka ngwao e e ikaegileng ka ya merafe ya Setswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFNyamnjoh2007|Nyamnjoh 2007]], p.&#x20;307.</ref> Botswana e ne ya boloka bontsi jwa ditheo tsa yone tsa merafe tsa pele ga bokoloniale morago ga boipuso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;54.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;7.</ref> Se e ne e le ditlamorago tsa puso e e nonofileng e e neng e amana le merafe ya Batswana le tsereganyo e e lekanyeditsweng ya puso ya Borithane mo dinakong tsa bokoloniale.<ref name=":34" /> Mofuta wa go buisana wa dipolotiki tsa setšhaba pele le morago ga boipuso e ne e le mokgwa o o sa tlwaelesegang mo merafeng e mengwe e mentsi ya Aforika e e neng ya nna le babusaesi morago ga boipuso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;30, 56.</ref> Go na le go fedisa bogosi, puso e ntšhwa e ne ya bo tsenya mo tsamaisong ya semolao, ya fa dikgosi dithata tsa boatlhodi ka ''kgotla'', go ikaegile ka dikgotlatshekelo tsa boikuelo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSebudubuduBotlhomilwe2012|Sebudubudu &#x26; Botlhomilwe]] 2012, p.&#x20;36.</ref>Tlwaelo ya go ikobela boeteledipele, e e kileng ya fiwa dikgosi, e ne ya sutela kwa botautoneng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;30.</ref> Puso e ne ya tiisa go tlhomama ga yona ka go thapa tirelosetšhaba ya yone ka baitseanape b<ref name=":66">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSebudubuduBotlhomilwe2012|Sebudubudu &#x26; Botlhomilwe 2012]], pp.&#x20;31–32.</ref>a dinaga di sele, go farologana le dinaga tse dingwe tse dišwa tsa Aforika tse gantsi di neng di leleka baitseanape ba dinaga di sele.<ref name=":67">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSebudubuduBotlhomilwe2012|Sebudubudu &#x26; Botlhomilwe 2012]], p.&#x20;35.</ref><ref name=":68">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;105.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;59.</ref> Se se ne sa boloka puso ya mofuta wa Bophirima e e neng e gatelela tlhabololo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;259.</ref> Lefatshe la United Kingdom le ne la tswelela go tlamela Botswana ka matlole mo dingwageng tsa ntlha tse tlhano tsa go nna teng ga yone.<ref name=":61" /> Maemo a yone a kagiso, a puso ya batho ka batho fa a bapisiwa le ditšhaba tse dingwe tsa Aforika a ne a raya gore e ne ya amogela thuso e ntsi go tswa mo mekgatlhong ya Bophirima.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;255.</ref> Ka nako ya boipuso, Botswana e ne e le setšhaba se se humanegileng thata, go feta bontsi jwa dinaga tse dingwe mo Aforika.<ref name=":69">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;104.</ref><ref name=":66" /> E ne e sena badiri ba ba rutegileng, ka baagi ba le masome a mane fela ba ba nang le ditlankana tse di hagodimo tsa mmadikolo, mme go ne go sena ditlamelo tse di itsegeng tsa metswedi ya tlholego go tshegetsa setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;62, 64.</ref> Botswana e ne e ikaegile ka puso ya Tlhaolele mo Aforika Borwa go fitlhelela setšhaba sa lefatshe, mme bontsi jwa badiri ba Botswana e ne e le badiri ba bafaladi mo Aforika Borwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;64.</ref> Botswana e ne ya tsena mo ntweng e e tlhamaletseng le Rhodesia, e e neng ya baka dintwa tsa sesole go fitlha ka ngwaga wa 1978.<ref name=":63" /> Go nna le seabe mo go lekanyeditsweng ga Borithane go ne go kaya gore go ne go se na tlhabololo e ntsi fa e sale ka nako ya bokoloniale.<ref name=":69" /><ref name=":70">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;160.</ref> Bokgoni jwa go bala le go kwala e ne e le selekanyo sa karolo ya masome a mabedi le botlhano mo lekgolong, mme go ne go na le dikilometara di le lesome fela tsa tsela e e tshetsweng.<ref name=":69" /> Mo e ka nnang karolo ya masome a robangbongwe ya baagi e ne e le mo [[:en:Abject_poverty|lehumeng le le tseneletseng]],<ref name=":70" /> mme bontsi jwa baagi e ne e le balemibarui ba dikgomo kgotsa [[:en:Subsistence_farmers|balemibarui ba ba itshidisang]].<ref name=":71">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;55.</ref> Fa setšhaba se fitlhelela boipuso, komelelo e e masisi e ne ya fedisa karolo ya masome amarao go fihlela masome a matlhano mo lekgolong ya palo ya dikgomo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;63.</ref> Mo e ka nnang sephatlo sa Batswana ba ne ba ikaegile ka [[:en:World_Food_Programme|Lenaneo la Dijo la Lefatshe]] go tila tlala.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;220.</ref> Ditšhaba tse dingwe di ne di na le ditsholofelo tse di kwa tlase mo Botswana, mme mo Aforika yotlhe e ne e bonwa jaaka [[:en:Bantustan|Bantustan]] ya Tlhaolele.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;1.</ref> Kamano e le Tlhaolele gape e ne e le ntlha ya katlego ya Botswana jaaka setšhaba se se ikemetseng: boeteledipele jwa Batswana bo ne bo eletsa go tila phelelo e e tshwanang le ya Aforika Borwa fa setšhaba se ka palelwa, mme dikgolagano tsa dikgang tsa mafatshe fatshe tse di neng tsa tlhamiwa le Bophirima go thibela go tsenngwa ke Aforika Borwa di ne di raya gore Botswana o ne a tshepa thata dinaga tsa Bophirima go amogela thuso le thato ya bone.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;76–77.</ref> Boeteledipele jwa ntlha jwa Botswana bo ne bo laolwa ke malapa a merafe e e busang mmogo le palo e nnye ya badiredipuso ba ba rutegileng thata.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;6.</ref> Go tshwana ga bona ga itsholelo le dikgopolo go ne go raya gore puso e nne e tlhomame kwa ntle ga dintwa tsa sepolotiki.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;71.</ref> Le fa Bathoen a ne a tlogela maemo a gagwe a go nna kgosi go ya go dira dipolotiki, bontsi jwa dikgosi tse dingwe di ne tsa amogela maatla a tsona a a fokoditsweng a sepolotiki mo pusong e ntšhwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;56–57.</ref> Tiro e nngwe ya dikgosi e ne e laolwa ke Molao wa Bogosi wa ngwaga ya 1966.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;140.</ref> Go tlhoka bonweenwee go ne ga dira gore puso e nne semolao thata mme ya ratwa ke balekane ba Bophirima.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;166.</ref> Go farologana le bontsi jwa merafe e e sa tswang go tlhamiwa ya Aforika, bontsi jwa boeteledipele bo ne bo tswa mo setšhabeng sa temothuo, go kaya gore dikgatlhego tsa bona di ne di tsamaisana le bontsi.<ref name=":30" /><ref name=":71" /> Se se ne sa rotloetsa puso e ntšhwa go boloka dipholisi tsa motlha wa bokoloniale tse di neng di solegela barui ba dikgomo molemo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;75.</ref> Setlhopa sa semmuso sa Nama ya Botswana se ne sa tlhamiwa go laola madirelo a nama ya kgomo.<ref name=":58" /> Boikuelo jwa lekoko la BDP jwa merafe yotlhe le kgatlhego e e kopanetsweng ya go tlhoma boipuso di ne tsa rotloetsa puso e ntšhwa gape go dira mo dikgatlhegelong tsa bontsi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], pp.&#x20;54–55.</ref> Ditlhopha tse dinnye tsa baagi ba basweu di ne tsa sala mo nageng mme tsa ganetsa boipuso jwa yone.<ref name=":63" /> Le fa moragonyana di ne di tla nna botlhokwa mo tlhabololong ya Botswana, ditshwanelo tsa ditswammung di ne tsa fiwa botlhokwa jo bo kwa tlase fa di bona boipuso, mme merafe e ne ya di fetisetsa kwa pusong ya bogareng ka ngwaga wa 1967.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;103–104.</ref> === Botautona jwa ga Seretse Khama === Khama o ne a ratwa ke batho botlhe mme a bonwa e le moeteledipele wa tlholego wa merafe yotlhe ya Batswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;202–203.</ref> Tsamaiso ya gagwe e ne ya tsenya tirisong maano a a neng a lebisitswe mo go tlhameng mafaratlhatlha le dithoto tsa setšhaba, bogolosegolo go tsenya tshela ditsela.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFBeaulierSubrick2006|Beaulier &#x26; Subrick 2006]], p.&#x20;111.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;86.</ref> O ne a simolola go aga dikolo, matlhabelo le dikhuti tse di neng tsa tswelela mo masomeng a dingwaga a a latelang. Lefatshe le le nang le banni la Batswana le Basarwa le ne la dirisiwa go aga mesima.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;219.</ref> Tlhabololo e ne ya tla ka tshenyegelo ya kgwebo le tlhagiso, e e neng e lekanyeditswe go tlamela ka matlole a leruo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004,]] p.&#x20;164.</ref> Go ne ga tlhongwa mogopolo thata mo go otla dikgomo le go aga matlhabelo go rotloetsa madirelo a nama ya kgomo mo gare ga go tlhoka metsi. <ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;205.</ref>[[:en:Public_welfare|Mananeo a katlaatleloloago]] le one a ne a tlhongwa.<ref name=":67" /> Go ribololwa ga ditaemane go ne ga netefatsa gore mananeo a a bona madi a a lekaneng.<ref name=":72">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgalaMalila2022|Makgala &#x26; Malila 2022]], p.&#x20;305.</ref> Dipeeletso tse le mokgwa o o sa fetogeng wa go somarela madi a puso di ne tsa thibela boemo jwa [[:en:Dutch_disease|bolwetse jwa Dutch]] jo bo neng jwa golafatsa dinaga tse dingwe tsa Aforika tse di neng di tletse ka didirisiwa.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;4.</ref> Thuto e ne ya atolosiwa mo setšhabeng sotlhe, mme puo ya Setswana e ne ya lekanngwa mmogo le Seesemane ka go latlhegelwa ke dipuo tse dingwe.<ref name=":72" /><ref name=":68" /> Khama o ne a siamisa seo jaaka tsela ya go fitlhelela kutlwano.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMakgala2009|Makgala 2009]], p.&#x20;228.</ref> Quett Masire o ne a dira jaaka Mothusa tautona ka fa tlase ga ga Seretse Khama mmogo le Tona ya tsa madi.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;84.</ref> O ne a laola tekanyetsokabo ya lefatshe le tiriso ya madi ka go tlhama motseletsele wa Maano a Tlhabololo ya Bosetšhaba, go ikaegilwe ka kamogelo ya Kokoano ya Bosetšhaba le Komiti ya itsholelo ya Kabinete.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;58.</ref> Dipoeletso tsa maano a di ne tsa nna karolo e e botlhokwa ya molao wa semmuso ya puso morago ga gore batlhatlhami ba ga Khama le Masire ba tsene mo maemong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;171.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1967, ditaemane di ne tsa fitlhellwa kwa Botswana ke setlamo sa Aforika Borwa sa ditaemane sa [[:en:De_Beers|De Beers]], mme ditiro di ne tsa simolola ka bonako morago ga moo.<ref name=":76">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;110.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;61.</ref> Dipeeletso tsa kopore di ne tsa fitlhelwa kwa [[:en:Selebi-Phikwe|Selebi-Phikwe]] ka ngwaga oo, mme se sa senola gape khumo ya ditswammung tsa setšhaba.<ref name=":58" /> Puso e ne ya dirisana le De Beers ka ngwaga wa 1969 go dira ditiro tse dikgolo tsa meepo ya ditaemane,<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;136.</ref> mme e ne ya amega mo dipuisanong sešwa tsa [[:en:Southern_African_Customs_Union|Kopano ya Melelwane ya Aforika Borwa]] ka one ngwaga oo go tokafatsa thata maatla a yone a itsholelo mo kgaolong.<ref name=":77">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;65.</ref> Moepo mongwe kwa [[:en:Morupule|Morupule]] o ne wa simolola go ntsha magala ka ngwaga wa 1973, mme wa tlamela setšhaba ka karolo e kgolo ya motlakase.<ref name=":78">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFDenbowThebe2006|Denbow &#x26; Thebe 2006]], p.&#x20;xix.</ref> [[:en:Orapa_diamond_mine|Moepo wa ditaemane wa Orapa]] o ne wa bulwa kwa Orapa ka ngwaga wa 1971, mme go ne ga tlomamisiwia tumalano ya go abelana lotseno fa gare ga puso le De Beers ka ngwaga wa 1974.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;125.</ref> Moragonyana Masire o ne a netefatsa gore De Beers e ne e tshegeditse dikgwebo tsa gagwe tse di hapegileng ka madi, mme se sa dira gore go akanyediwe gore setlamo se ka tswa se amogetse tumalano e e mosola mo kgannyeng e.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], pp.&#x20;129–130.</ref> Molao wa Metsi le Molao wa ditsha tsa Morafe di ne tsa tsenngwa tirisong ka ngwaga wa 1968, mme tsa tlhama lekgotla la Kabo ya Metsi le lekgotla tsa naga di le lesome le bobedi, ka go latelana. Tse di ne di okametse kabo ya ditshwanelo tsa metsi le lefatshe ke puso go na le ka go nna mong wa morafe mongwe le mongwe.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;76.</ref> Ka se, ba ne ba tsenya dithata tsa setso tsa dikgosi.<ref name=":74" /> Molao wa Mafatshe a Phulo a Merafe e ne ya tsenngwa tirisong ka ngwaga wa 1975 go thibela [[:en:Overgrazing|phulo e e feteletseng]], mme fela e ne ya itshupa e sa atlege.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;67.</ref><ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFMolutsi2004|Molutsi 2004]], p.&#x20;173.</ref> Tota e bile, e ne e letla baagi ba ba humileng go kopa ditsha tse dikgolo tsa dikgomo ka tshenyegelo ya baagi ba ba sa humang thata.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;206.</ref> Ditlhopho tsa ntlha morago ga boipuso di ne tsa diragala ka ngwaga wa 1969.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;31.</ref> Lekoko la BDP le ne la dira maswe go le gonnye fa e bapisiwa le tiragatso ya yona ya ngwaga wa 1965, mme mothusa tautona Masire o ne a latlhegelwa ke setilo sa gagwe ke Bathoen, se se neng sa mo tlhoka gore a tseye setilo se se kgethegileng se se tlhophilweng.<ref name=":79">[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;80.</ref> Lekoko la BPP le ne la nyelela ka botlhokwa fa dipolotiki tsa Botswana di ntse di gola.<ref name=":73" /> Koporase ya Tlhabololo ya Botswana e e neng e le ya puso e ne ya tlhongwa ka ngwaga wa 1970,<ref name=":75" /> mme moepo wa diteemane wa Orapa o ne wa bulwa ka ngwaga wa 1971.<ref name=":78" /> Ka ngwaga wa 1973, diteemane di ne di dira karolo ya lesome mo lekgolong ya Palo yotlhe ya tlhagiso ya lefatshe ya Botswana,<ref name=":76" /> mme kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1970, meepo e ne e le madirelo a magolo go gaisa mo lefatsheng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;5.</ref> Goromente wa Botswana o ne a buisana gape ka tumalano ya yone ya meepo le De Beers magareng ga ngwaga wa 1971 le ngwaga wa 1975, ya sutisetsa bontsi jwa dituelo kwa setšhabeng.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;210.</ref> Fa itsholelo ya teemane e ntse e tlhabologa le dipeeletso di boela mo lefatsheng, Botswana e ne ya falola lehuma mme ya bonwa jaaka katlego mo merafeng e mengwe mo Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara morago ga bokoloniale.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHillbomBolt2018|Hillbom &#x26; Bolt 2018]], p.&#x20;212.</ref> Ditlhabololo tse di dirile gore Botswana e nne naga e e golang ka bonako mo lefatsheng.<ref name=":77" /> Batho ba maemo a a kwa godimo le a a fa gare ba ne ba bona molemo thata, go oketsa go [[:en:Wealth_inequality|tlhoka tekatekano ga khumo]], mme gape go ne go raya gore makgetho a ka fokodiwa, se se neng sa dira gore balemi ba ba tshegetse.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;71–72.</ref> Tlhabololo ya Botswana le tiriso ya yone ya tirelosetšhaba ya mafatshe a sele e ne ya atlega mo e leng gore puso e ne ya tlhotlheletsa lefatshe la United States go romela setlhopa sa baithaopi ba kagiso (Peace Corps) kwa ntle ga ditekanyetso tsa setso tsa gore ke dikarolo dife tse mokgatlho o ka di dirang.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;87.</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970 go ne ga tla koketsego ya Batswana ba ba botlana ba ba rutegileng mo lefelong la gaeno, ba ba neng ba nna le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo pusong.<ref name=":64" /> Jaaka fa batho ba bašwa ba ba ne ba amogela thuto e e tshwanang mme ba simolola go dira mo setsong se le sengwe sa tsamaiso, go ne go sena pharologano e kgolo ya tiro fa gare ga tirelosetšhaba e e neng e eteletswe pele ke batswakwa le e e neng e tsamaisiwa ke Batswana.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], p.&#x20;88.</ref> Lephata la Thulaganyo ya Tlhabololo le ne le le teng ka bokhutshwane morago ga go kgaogana mo Lephateng la Matlole magareng ga batlhokomedi ba setso ba ba neng ba amana le tshireletso kgatlhanong le baemanokeng ba ga Masire ba ba neng ba eletsa go bona tlhabololo e e bogale thata. Ya bofelo e ne ya tsaya taolo, mme ditona di ne tsa kopanngwa gape go nna Lephata la Matlole le Thulaganyo ya Tlhabololo ka ngwaga wa 1970. Ka ntlha ya palo e e lekanyeditsweng ya batho ba ba tshwanelegang go laola itsholelo, lephata le le ne la tsaya taolo e feletseng ya tiriso ya madi a puso mme la simolola lenaneo la Shashe le le neng le batla gore naga e nne le tlhabololo e e tseneletseng ya palo yotlhe ya tlhagiso ya lefatshe ya Botswana. Se se ne se akaretsa go tlhoma lefelo la meepo ya kopore le nikele, le le neng la nna selo se se tlang pele mo pusong.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFSamatar1999|Samatar 1999]], pp.&#x20;84–85.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa 1973, [[:en:Seepapitso_IV|Seepapitso wa bone]] o ne a nna kgosi ya ntlha go emisiwa mo maemong a gagwe morago ga nako ya bokoloniele.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;141.</ref> Lekoko la BDP le ne la atlega thata gape ka [[:en:1974_Botswana_general_election|ditlhopo tsa ngwaga wa 1974]].<ref name=":79" /> [[:en:Minimum_wage|Dituelo tse di kwa tlase]] di ne tsa tlhagisiwa ka one ngwaga oo.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFLeith2005|Leith 2005]], p.&#x20;89.</ref> Botswana e simolotse go ntsha madi a one, e leng [[:en:Botswana_pula|Botswana pula]], ka ngwaga wa 1976. Mmusi wa [[:en:Bank_of_Botswana|Banka ya Botswana]] Quill Hermans o ne a kgaratlhela go kgaogana ga madi le Aforika Borwa le [[:en:South_African_rand|ranta ya yone ya Aforika Borwa]]. Le fa go ne go na le matshwenyego a boditšhabatšhaba a gore Botswana e ka nna ya se ka ya kgona go tshegetsa madi a yone, Khama o ne a ikutlwa gore bagakolodi ba gagwe ba itsholelo ba na le bokgoni mme o ne a tshepa tshwetso ya bone.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFRotberg2023|Rotberg 2023]], p.&#x20;206.</ref> Mo dingwageng di le lesome tsa boipuso, Botswana e ne e le nngwe ya ditšhaba tse di humileng thata mo [[:en:Third_World|Lefatsheng la Boraro]].<ref name=":67" /> Phetogo ya itsholelo e kaiwa jaaka "kgakgamatso" ya Botswana.<ref name=":77" /> Linchwe II, kgosi ya [[:en:Kgatla_people|batho ba Kgatla]], o ne a busetsa ngwao ya go simolola bogwera mo morafeng wa gagwe ka ngwaga wa 1975, mme se sa gakatsa puso ya bosetšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;148.</ref> Khama o ne a tsaya tsela ya go akaretsa batho botlhe mo pusong ya gagwe, a tila dipolotiki tsa merafe le go gana tlhotlheletso ya baeteledipele ba merafe a rata badiredipuso.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;84.</ref> Ka dinako tse dingwe o ne a kopa batho go rola tiro fa morafe mongwe o ka nna le tlhotlheletso e ntsi mo tirelong ya setšhaba.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFHolmMolutsi1992|Holm &#x26; Molutsi 1992]], p.&#x20;88.</ref> Batho ba Tswana ba ne ba tshaba gore go sa dumalane le batho ba ba kwa tlase ba Kalanga go ka nna ga dira gore go se ka ga nna le kagiso. Go rarabolola se, Khama o ne a tsenya maloko a a rutegileng a morafe wa Kalanga mo pusong, a tlhoma bontsi mo maemong a a kwa godimo. Tshwetso e ne e tsosa kganetsano, mme e ne ya tsosa dikgopolo tsa bolotsana ka ga tlhotlheletso e e bosula ya Kalanga.<ref>[[:en:History_of_Botswana#CITEREFGulbrandsen2012|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;122.</ref> Tse ka dinako tse dingwe di ne di ikaegile ka Mokgatlho wa Baithuti ba Bakalanga, o o neng wa nna Mokgatlho wa Tsweletso ya Puo ya Ikalanga ka ngwaga wa 1980.<ref>[[Gulbrandsen 2012, p. 123.|Gulbrandsen 2012]], p.&#x20;123.</ref> == Metswedi == iggtnag7zhmzcuzx0d5xw5gybqx6bs2 0 14476 52670 52645 2026-07-17T13:02:44Z JudithShe 9421 Ke okeditse thanolo ya tsebe ya Ditso tsa Gaborone #Wikipedia25BW 52670 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ditso tsa Gaborone''' di simolotse ka bosupi jwa thuto marope mo lefelong le le dikaganyeditseng [[Gaborone]] ka dingwaga tsa makgolo a mane pele ga motlha wa gompieno,<ref>[[:en:Kevin_Shillington|Shillington, Kevin]] (1995). ''[[iarchive:historyofafrica00shil|History of Africa]]''. New York, New York, USA: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-312-12598-4|<bdi>0-312-12598-4</bdi>.]]</ref> mekwalo ya ntlha ya Gaborone e tswa mo bathibeleding ba ntlha ba Yuropa ka lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe. Fa e sale ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro, fa lefatshe la [[Botswana]] le tsaya boipuso go tswa mo go la [[Britain]], Gaborone a nna toropokgolo, toropokgolo e, e godile go tswa mo go nneng motse o monnye mo sekgweng sa Botswana go nna lefelo la boremelelo mo borwa jwa [[Aferika|Aforika]]. == Ditso tsa pele == Bosupi bo supa fa go ne go na le batho ba ba neng ba nna mo lotshitshing lwa [[noka ya Notwane]] dingwaga di le makgolo tse di fitileng go ya go tsena ka motlha wa lejwe o le fa gare.<ref name=":2">Hardy, Paula; Firestone, Matthew D. (2007). [[Gaborone|"Gaborone".]] ''Botswana & Namibia''. Lonely Planet. pp.&nbsp;75–88. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-74104-760-8|<bdi>978-1-74104-760-8</bdi>.]] Retrieved 2026-07-16</ref> Lefelo le jaanong e leng Botswana wa gompieno, le ne le nniwa fela ke [[Basarwa]] ba ba neng ba disa, ba ba neng ba itse botlhokwa jwa dikgomo ka ntlha ya molemo wa dikotla,<ref name=":0">Collins, Robert O.; Burns, James McDonald (2007). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=PZcX2jQFTRcC&pg=PA159&redir_esc=y "The peoples and states of southern Africa".] ''A history of Sub-Saharan Africa''. Cambridge University Press. pp.&nbsp;160–161, 389. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-521-86746-7|<bdi>978-0-521-86746-7</bdi>.]] Retrieved 2026-06-16</ref> go fitlhelela ka lekgolo la dingwaga di robabobedi fa batho ba [[Toutswe]] ba goroga mo Botswana. Batho ba Toutswe (ba gape ba bidiwang Toutswemogala,ba reeletswe ka lefelo le ba neng ba nna mo go lone) ba ne ba thibelela kwa lefelong le le bapileng le Palapye le Serowe, ba simolodisa go lema mabele le lebelebele.<ref>Hall, Martin (1990). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=3su1e_yH5ZoC&pg=PA74&redir_esc=y "Toutswe, Mapungubwe and the East coast trade"]. ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=3su1e_yH5ZoC&redir_esc=y Farmers, Kings and Traders: The People of Southern Africa 200-1860]''. Chicago, Illinois, USA: University of Chicago Press. pp.&nbsp;85–86. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/0-226-31326-3|<bdi>0-226-31326-3</bdi>.]] Retrieved 2026-07-26</ref> Ka ngwaga wa makgolo a robabongwe mo motlheng wa gompieno, ngwao ya Toutswe e ne ya simolola go dirisiwa thata mo Botswana. Jaaka Basarwa ba pele, batho ba Toutswe ba ne ba ikaegile thata ka dikgomo: masaka, a fitlhetswe mo mafelong a mantsi mo botlhaba jwa Botswana. Mo morafeng o, khumo le tatelano di ne di ikaegile ka palo ya dikgomo, eseng ka bokete jwa gouta jaaka ba morafe o o mabapi wa [[Mapungubwe]].<ref name=":1">Shillington, Kevin (2005). [[:en:Kevin_Shillington|"Encyclopedia of African History: A - G.. 1".]] In Shillington, Kevin (ed.). ''Encyclopedia of African History''. Vol.&nbsp;1. CRC Press. pp.&nbsp;161–163, 166–167, 701–702, 704. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/1-57958-453-5|<bdi>1-57958-453-5</bdi>.]] Retrieved 2016-07-16</ref> Ba Toutswe ba ne ba inaakanya le kgwebo ya sebaka se seleele, ba reka dibaga le matsopa.<ref name=":0" /> Ngwao ya Toutswe e ne ya simolola go phutlhama ka lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le boraro ka ntlha ya go fula tlhaga mo go feteletseng le komelelo; le fa go ntse jalo, serodumo sa kgomo se ne sa tswelela se le teng mo Botswana.<ref name=":1" /> [[Setshwantsho:Matabeleland.png|thumb|Mmepe wa Jeremane wa Matebeleland le toropokgolo Gaborone (go bidiwa Moschaweng) kwa tlase kwa molemeng mo molelwaneng gareng ga Bechuanalang le South African republic]] == Lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe == Mfecane (go phatlhatlala ka puo ya [[Sezulu|seZulu]]) ke motlha wa dingwaga tse di makgolo a le lesome le borobabongwe tse di tshwaiwang ke diphudugo tsa batho ba le bantsi le tsa merafe kwa borwa jwa Aforika. Pele ga ma Yuropa ba goroga mo lefelong le, Batswana e ne e le ne morafe o montsi mo borwa jwa lefatshe la Botswana, ba gatelela [[Bakgalagadi]] le Basarwa go nna malata. Ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mararo, Maburu ba ne ba tsaya loeto lwa Great Trek go tswa koloneng ya Kapa go ya bokone-botlhaba. Motsamao o, o ne wa baka gore [[Matebele]] ba eteletswe pele ke [[Mzilikazi]] ba tlhasele Batswana fa ba ya kwa bokone kwa e leng lefatshe la [[Zimbabwe]] gompieno ka dingwaga tse sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mararo. Bakololo le bone ba ne ba lwantsha Batswana ka nako eo fa ba fudugela kwa [[Barotseland]] kwa e leng bophirima jwa Zambia gompieno. [[Maburu]], le Bakololo le Matebele ba ne ba nna le dikgotlhang le masole a Batswana. Kgosi Setshele I wa Bakwena o ne a eteletse pele lekgamu la Batswana ka [[ntwa ya Dimawe]] go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robbaobedi, masome a matlhano le bobedi go tsena sekete,makgolo a robabobedi, masome a matlhano le boraro. Tumalano e ne ya bewa monwana gareng ga Maburu le Batswana ka Firikgong ngwag wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a matlhano le boraro.<ref name=":1" /> Ka nako eo, barongwa ba ma Yuropa go tswa kwa London Misiionary Society ba tshwana le David Livingstone le Robert Moffat, ba ne ba phatlalatsa SeKeresete mo kgaolong. David Livingstone o simolotse kereke ya ntlha le sekolo ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a mane le botlhano kwa Kolobeng Mission gaufi le Gaborone.<ref name=":1" /> Ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabobedi, [[Kgosi Gaborone]] wa morafe wa [[Batlokwa]] o ne a tswa kwa kgaolong ya [[Magaliesburg|Magaliesberg]] kwa kgaolong ya [[Aforika Borwa]] ya [[Bokone Bophirima|Bokone-Bophirima]] go nna kwa borwa-botlhaba jwa Botswana a bitsa lefelo leo ''Moshaweng''.<ref name=":2" /> Go na le [[Moshaweng]] kwa kgaolong ya [[Kweneng]] kwa bokone-bophirima jwa Gaborone o o sa amaneng le Moshaweng o. Toropokgolo e Kgosi Gaborone a e tlhamileng pele e ne e bidiwa motse wa Gaborone ke ma Yuropa a pele go thibelela. Morago e ne ya khutsufadiwa go nna ''Gaberones.'' [[Cecil Rhodes]], moitseanape wa tsa meepo gape e le motlhami wa kompone ya meepo ya [[De Beers]], o ne a aga maemelo a dikepe a a agela baokamedi ba dikolone go kgabaganya noka go tswa kwa Gaberones.<ref name=":3">Njeru, Purity (2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110707100754/http://www.africanexecutive.com/modules/magazine/articles.php?article=703 "History of Gaborone".] Nairobi, Kenya: [[:en:The_African_Executive|The African Executive]]. Archived from [https://africanexecutive.com/ the original] on 2011-07-07. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> Maemelo a, ke kwa Rhodes a neng a rulagantse tlhaselo ya Jameson ka [[ntwa ya bobedi ya Maburu]].<ref name=":2" /> Lefelo la maemelo e ne ya nna Gaborone, toropokgolo ya Gaberones ya nna [[Tlokweng]].<ref name=":3" /> Morago ga go sena go bonwa gauta kwa Aforika Borwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a supa le motso, [[Khama III]] wa morafe wa [[Bangwato|Bamangwato]] o ne a dira botsalano le lefatshe la [[United Kingdom]] kgatlhanong le Maburu a meepo ya gauta. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabobedi le botlhano kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le masome mararo le motso, United Kingdom e ne ya tlhama [[Bechuanaland|Bechuanaland Protectorate]] mo lefatsheng le le kwa bokone jwa [[noka ya Molopo]] go ya [[Caprivi Strip]] kwa German South-West-Africa. Lefelo le le kwa borwa jwa noka ya Molopo e ne ya nna bontlha jwa Aforika Borwa.<ref name=":1" /> Go fitlhelela ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabongwe, Britain e ne e laola Bechuanaland e se ka tlhamalalo, ba letla dikgosi go iketelela pele. Dilo di ne tsa fetoga fa Cecil Rhodes a tlhama British South Africa Company e na le mohama wa puso. Rhodes o ne a batala go nna le taolo mo kgaolong yotlhe ya borwa jwa Aforika. Dikgosi tse tharo, Khama III, Sebele I, le Bathoen I, ba ne ba tsaya loeto go ya Great Britain ka ngwaga wa sekete, amkgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabongwe le botlhano go kopa QuuenVictoria go sa tsenye lefatshe la Botswana mo komponeng ya ga Rhodes kgotsa dikolone tse dingwe tsa Britain jaaka Southern Rhodesia kgotsa Cape Colony, ba ne ba atlega. Gompieno, mo Gaborone, go na le sefikantswe se se bidiwang [[Sefikantswe Sa Dikgosi Tse Tharo|sefikantswe sa dikgosi tse tharo]] e le tlotla ya dikgosi tse tharo tse di thusitseng go tlhamiwa ga Bechuanaland le Botswana morago.<ref name=":2" /> == Lekgolo la dingwaga di le masome mabedi == [[Setshwantsho:Stamp Bechuanaland Protectorate 1938 6p.jpg|thumb|217x217px|Setempe sa poso ngwaga wa 1943, se kwadiwe "motse wa Gaberone"]] Go tswa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a maratarao le motso go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le botlhano, toropokgolo e ne ya itemogela komelelo e e tseneletseng, ee bolaileng dikgomo di feta dikete di le makgolo a mabedi, le masome a matlhano.<ref>^{[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=AZEUAAAAIBAJ&dq=gaberones&pg=2146%2C824288 "Disaster State Nears In South Africa Drought".] ''Ocala Star-Banner''. Johannesburg, South Africa. Associated Press. 1965-06-30. p.&nbsp;3. Retrieved 2026-07-17&#x5B;''dead link''&#x5D;}</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le botlhano, toropokgolo ya Bechunaland Protectorate e ne ya fuduga go tswa kwa Mahikeng go ya Gaberones. Fa lefatshe la Botswana le tsaya boipuso, go ne go akanyeditswe [[Lobatse]] e ka nna ene toropokgolo ya lefatshe leo. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ne go bonwa Lobatse a tlhaela, mo boemong, toropokgolo e ntsha e ne e tlaa agiwa go baoa le Gaberones.<ref name=":3" /> Toropokgolo e ne ya tlhophiwa ka ntlha ya bo gaufi jwa yone le motswedi wa metsi a a phepa, go nna gaufi le seporo se se yang Pitori, le go bo e le fa gare ga merafe ya legare.<ref>Seth, Willie (2008). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=bR54xeODwCIC&pg=PA43&redir_esc=y "Major urban centres]". ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=bR54xeODwCIC&pg=PA44&redir_esc=y Botswana and Its People]''. Godfrey Mwakikagile. pp.&nbsp;44–46. ISBN[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-9814258-7-0|&nbsp;<bdi>978-0-9814258-7-0</bdi>.]] Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> Lebaka le lengwe la gore Gaborone a bo a ne a tlhophilwe go nna toropokgolo ke ka gore o na le ditso tsa go nna lefelo la botsamaisi la Botswana. Ka nako ya ntwa ya bobedi ya Maburu, toropokgolo e ne ya berekisiwa e le toropokgolo ya nakwana ya Bechuanaland fa [[Mahikeng]] a tlhasetswe ke Maburu. Gaborone o ne a sa amane le morafe ope gape, lebaka le lengwe le le bakileng gore a tlhophiwe go nna toropokgolo.<ref name=":4">[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=i60rAAAAIBAJ&dq=gaberones&pg=7138%2C1254442 "Gaberones Developed As Capital City of New State, Botswana".] ''Nashua Telegraph''. Gaberones, Bechuanaland: N.Y. Times News Service. Times of London Dispatch. 1966-11-09. p.&nbsp;33. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> Gaberones wa bokolone wa pele o ne a nna motse o o kwa thoko wa Gaberones o mosha, gompieno o bidiwa Village.<ref name=":3" /> [[Setshwantsho:1966 Mayor Gaborone.JPG|thumb|209x209px|Rev. [[Derek jones]], ratoropo wa ntlha wa Gaborone]] Ka Lwetse a le masome mararo ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro, Bechuanaland o ne a nna lefatshe la lesome le motso la mafatshe a Aforika a a neng a le ka fa tlase ga Britain go tsaya boipuso. Ratoropo wa ntlha wa Gaborone e ne e le Reverend [[Derek jones|Derek Jones]].<ref>Grant, Sandy (2009-06-18). [https://www.mmegi.bw/sport/pride-at-stake/news ''Our Heritage''.] Vol.&nbsp;26. Gaborone, Botswana: Mmegi Online. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> Toropokgolo e ne e diiretswe maano ka Garden City Principles go nna le ditsela tsa batsamaya ka dinao di le dintsi le mafelo a a bulegileng.<ref>Keiner, Marco; Zegras, Christopher; Schmid, Willy A. (2004). Keiner, Marco; Zegras, Christopher; Schmid, Willy A.; et&nbsp;al. (eds.). ''[[iarchive:springer_10.1007-978-1-4020-2921-9|From understanding to action: sustainable urban development in medium-sized cities in Africa and Latin America]]''. Springer. pp.&nbsp;19, 63, 68, 93. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-2879-3|<bdi>978-1-4020-2879-3</bdi>.]] Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> Go agiwa ga Gaborone go simologile ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe masome a marataro le bone e le fa gare. Ka nako ya go agiwa ga toropokgolo, modulasetilo wa lekgotla la bookamedi jwa Gaberones, Geoffrey Cornish o ne a tshwantshanya moalo wa toropokgolo e le galase ya boranti, diofisi tsa puso di le kwa tlase ga galase, dikgwebo di le kwa marekisetsong, lefatshe le le neng le tswa kwa tlase.<ref>Paine, David J. (1966-04-15). [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7uQQAAAAIBAJ&dq=gaberones&pg=4458%2C3421646 "Capital City Being Built On Virgin Soil".] ''Eugene Register-Guard''. Gaberones, Bechuanaland. Associated Press. section D, p. 3. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> Bontsi jwa toropo bo agilwe mo dingwageng di le tharo, e le pele ga nako e e neng e solofetswe gore diofisi tsa puso di kgone go fuduga ka pele. Babereki ba le dikete pedi ba ne ba thusa go aga toropokgolo, ba epa ditsha di le dikete di le lekgolo le masome a mane, ba bo dira ditena tsa lekgarapa di le didikadike di le pedi, dikete di le makgolo a matlhan.<ref name=":4" /> Dikago tsa Gaborone wa pele di ne di akaretsa dikago tsa bophuthegelo, diofisi tsa puso, lefelo la motlakase, sepatela, dikolo, seromamowa, neelano ya ditlaheletsanyo, diofisi tsa mapodisi, matlo a feta sekete le matlo a bonno,<ref>killion (2009-06-29). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130725165235/http://www.boidus.co.uk/?p=1188 "The Unsustainable urban growth of Gaborone City, Botswana".] Boidus: Blogs. Archived from the original on 2013-07-25. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> ofisi ya boemedi jwa Britain, motlobo wa dibuka, kereke le dikago ste dingwe tse dintsi. Ka Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borataro, palo ya batho ba ba neng ba nna kwa Gaborone e ne le dikete tlhano.<ref name=":4" /> Toropo e ne ya fetoga leina go tswa kwa go Gaberones go nna Gaborone ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a marataro le borobabongwe.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=7bszAAAAIBAJ&dq=gaborone&pg=7329%2C1913552 "Regions Given New Spelling".] ''Spokane Daily Chronicle''. Gaborone, Botswana. Associated Press. 1969-12-22. p.&nbsp;11. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> [[Setshwantsho:Delivery man.jpg|left|thumb|Monna o o isang dilwana kwa Old Naledi]] Ka toropo e agilwe ka bofefo, go ne ga nna le baagi ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba agile matlo a bo maipaa fela mo kgaolong ya tlhabololo madirelo kwa borwa jwa toropo. Matlo a a ne a bidiwa Naledi. Lefoko Naledi le le raya naledi mme gape le ka raya ka fa tlase ga loapi kgotsa setshaba se se senogileng mo go tse dingwe. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le motso, ka ntlha ya go oketsega ga bomaipaafela, khansele ya toropo ya Gaborone le lephata la selegae le ditsha di ne tsa sekaseka lefelo le le neng le bidiwa [[Bontleng]], le le tlaa nnang le matlo a itsholelo e e kwa tlase. Le fa go ntse jalo, Naledi o ne a tswelela ka go gola, batho ba ba batlang matlo ba le bantsi le go fetisa. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, amkgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le boraro, koporase ya matlo ya [[Botswana Housing Corporation]] (BHC) e ne ya aga New Naledi go kgabaganya tsela go tswa kwa Old Naledi. Banni ba Old Naledi ba tlaa fudusediwa kwa New Naledi. Le fa go ntse jalo, go batla matlo go ne ga oketsega gape; fa godimo ga foo, banni ba ba neng ba fudugetse kwa New Naledi ba ne ba sa rate matlo a teng. Mathata a, a ne a rarabololwa ka nwgaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a supa le botlhano fa Sir Seretse Khama, tautona wa Botswana, a fetola Naledi go nna lefelo la matlo a tlhwatlhwa e e kwa tlase e seng madirelo.<ref>Van Nostrand, John Cornelius (1982). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=qGjfAc4J1yUC&pg=PP13&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false "Old Naledi: History of Settlement".] ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=qGjfAc4J1yUC&pg=PP13&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Old Naledi, the village becomes a town: an outline of the Old Naledi Squatter Upgrading Project, Gaborone, Botswana]''. James Lorimer & Company. pp.&nbsp;13–15. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-88862-650-9|<bdi>978-0-88862-650-9</bdi>.]] Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> Ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, le masome a supa, toropokgolo e ne ya nna le seabe mo dikgotlhang tsa ntwa ya Rhodesian Bush le Aforika Borwa ka puso ya tlhaolelele. Dikete tsa batho ba Aforika Borwa le Rhodesia ba ne ba tlola molelwane go tsena mo lefatsheng kwa ba neng ba nna mo Gaborone kgotsa [[Francistown]], kgotsa ba fofela kwa [[Zambia]] kgotsa [[Tanzania]] go tsaya karolo mo matsholong a a kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele kgotsa ditirelo tsa go lwela kgololesego le lekgotla la [[Zimbabwe African People's Union]] ya ga [[Joshua Nkomo]]. Go tshaba mo go ne ga gatelela itsholelo ya toropo, ga baka kwelo tlase ya seemo sa matshelo a batho, gape ga dira dikgotlhang eseng gareng ga puso ya Botswana, le Aforika Botwa le Rhodesia mme gape gareng ga beng gae mo Botswana le batshabi.<ref>Younghusband, Peter (1977-03-02). [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=IzkRAAAAIBAJ&dq=gaberones&pg=2703%2C176476 "The Pied Pipers of Africa".] ''The Sydney Morning Herland''. Gaberones, Botswana. p.&nbsp;7. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> Kinolo go tswa kwa mongweng wa matona a puso e soboka tiragalo: Gaborone o itemogetse dipalopalo tsa ditlhaselo tsa sesole sa [[Aforika Borwa]] ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi. Ka Motsheganong a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le boraro, Aforika Borwa e ne ya romela difofane tsa tlhoo tomo go tlhasela kampa ya masome kwa ntle ga Gaborone.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=6MQfAAAAIBAJ&dq=gaborone&pg=2488%2C2238565 "South Africa conducts raids on cities in three countries".] ''The Southeast Missourian''. Johannesburg, South Africa. Associated Press. 1983-05-13. p.&nbsp;3. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> Ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le botlhano, Aforika Borwa e ne ya tlhasela setlhopha se se kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele ka nako ya [[tlhaselo mo Gaborone]]. Ditlhaselo tse di ne tsa baka dintshi tsa batho ba e seng masole di le lesome le bobedi. Morago ga tlhaselo, lefatshe la United States le ne la ntsha moemedi wa lone kwa Aforika Borwa. Masole a Aforika Borwa gape a ne a tlhasela matlo a masole a Botswana jkwa bokone-bophirima jwa toropo fa o ya [[Mogoditshane]] ka Motsheganong a le lesome le borobabongwe, ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borataro; mmereki wa puso o ne a bolaiwa ka nako ya tlhaselo ya difofane tsa tlhoo tomo. Lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le ne la re le ntsha ditsoulodi tsa [[African National Congress]].<ref>Cowell, Alan (1986-05-20). [https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VEAjAAAAIBAJ&dq=gaborone&pg=5015%2C5576736 "South Africa raids rebels across border".] ''Pittsburgh Post-Gazette''. Johannesburg, South Africa. New York Times News Service. pp.&nbsp;1–2. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> Tlhaselo e nngwe ya Mopitlo a le masome mabedi le borobabobedi ngwaga wa sekete, amkgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le bvorobabobedi e ne ya tlogela batho ba le bane ba tlhokafetse mo Gaborone.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ShAgAAAAIBAJ&dq=gaborone&pg=3337%2C3581422 "South African army kills four in raid in Botswana".] ''The Lewiston Journal''. Gaborone, Botswana. Associated Press. 1988-03-28. p.&nbsp;7A. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> Gaborone o filwe maemo a toropokgolo ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabobedi le borataro a sena go fiwa maemo a toropo.<ref>Embassy of Botswana in Tokyo, Japan. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110128074858/http://www.botswanaembassy.or.jp/tourism/index2_1.html "Gaborone Capital City & The Surroundings"]. ''Cities and Towns''. Archived from [https://www.botswanaembassy.or.jp/tourism/index2_1.html the original] on 2011-01-28. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bobedi, lekgotla la [[Southern African Development Community]] (SADC) le ne la tlhamiwa mo Gaborone, le kopanya di itsholelo tsa mafatshe a e leng maloko a lone.<ref name=":0" /> Morago ga [[ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 1994 (Botswana)]], go ne ga simologa go nna le megwanto mo Gaborone ka ntlha ya letlhoko la ditiro le le kwa godimo le dikgang tse dingwe.<ref>LeVert, Suzanne (2007). ''[[iarchive:botswana0000leve|Botswana]]''. Marshall Cavendish. pp.&nbsp;15, 27–28, 105. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-2330-0|978-0-7614-2330-0]]</bdi>. Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> Gompieno, gaborone o gola ka lobelo lo lo makatsang. Toropokgolo e pele e ne e akanyeditswe go nna le beng gae ba le dikete di le masome mabedi,<ref name=":4" /> mme ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe, masome a robabongwe le bobedi, toropokgolo e ne e na le batho ba le dikete dile lekgolo,masome a mararo le borobabobedi. Se se bakile gore go nne le bomaipaafela ba le bantsi mo lefatsheng le le sa tlhabololwang.<ref>Carr, Michael (1997). [https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=7lKIMAS_7hoC&pg=PA211&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false "The form and future shape of the modem city".] ''[https://books.google.co.bw/books?id=7lKIMAS_7hoC&pg=PA224&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false New patterns: process and change in human geography]'' (2nd&nbsp;ed.). Nelson Thornes. p.&nbsp;224. ISBN&nbsp;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-17-438681-0|<bdi>978-0-17-438681-0</bdi>.]] Retrieved 2026-07-17</ref> == Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe == * [[Tatelano ya ditiragalo tsa Gaborone]] * [[Ditso tsa lefatshe la Botswana]] * [[Gaborone]] * [[Ditempe le ditso tsa poso tsa Bechuanaland Protectorate]] == Metswedi == 8thz4vqylex7s301egnconn9ddsvu39 0 14482 52680 52667 2026-07-17T16:50:15Z Mothusi Sekhomba 9433 52680 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Phiri yo moramaga''' ( '''''Crocuta crocuta''''' ), yo gape a bidiwang [[phiri]] '''yo o tshegang''',<ref>Funk, Holger (2010). ''Hyaena: On the Naming and Localisation of an Enigmatic Animal''. [[:en:Special:BookSources/978-3-640-69784-7|GRIN Verlag. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-3-640-69784-7</bdi>.]]</ref> ke losika lwa bo phiri, lo ka jaana lo tsewang e le lone fela lo lo leng teng lwa mofuta wa ''Crocuta'', lo lo tlholegang kwa Borwa jwa Aforika jwa Sahara. E kwadilwe jaaka e e sa tshwenyang thata ke IUCN ka ntlha ya mefuta e e anameng le palo e kgolo, e e fopholeditsweng magareng ga batho ba le 27 000 le 47 000. Le fa go ntse jalo, mefuta e e farologaneng e itemogela go fokotsega kwa ntle ga mafelo a a sireleditsweng ka ntlha ya tatlhegelo ya bonno le go tsoma diphologolo. Mefuta ya Crocuta, e gantsi e tsewang e le mofuta o o kwa tlase wa Crocuta crocuta, e e itsegeng jaaka diphiri tsa magage, e ne ya kgarakgatshega go ralala Eurasia dingwaga di ka nna milione go fitlha kwa bokhutlong jwa Late Pleistocene. Phiri e e nang le marothontho ke leloko le legolo le le leng teng la Hyaenidae mme e farologana gape le mefuta e mengwe ka sebopego sa yona se se sa bonaleng sentle, ditsebe tse di kgolokwe, mane e e sa bonaleng sentle, boya jo bo nang le mabala, meno a a nang le maikaelelo a mabedi, dinko di le mmalwa, le penis ya pseudo-penis. Ke yona fela phologolo e e amusang ya placenta e e namagadi e nang le pseudo-penis mme e se na phatlha e e kwa ntle ya bosadi. Phiri e e nang le marothontho ke yona ya loago go gaisa ya Carnivora, e na le bogolo jwa setlhopha se segolo le maitsholo a loago a a raraaneng go gaisa. == Metswedi == <references /> kaqonpp8wpvwzre4r6caqwn8c4o4uec 0 14483 52669 2026-07-17T12:18:29Z JudithShe 9421 Ke ranotse tsebe ya Kgaolo ya botlhophi ya borwa jwa Gaborone Bonnington #Wikipedia25BW 52669 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Borwa jwa Gaborone Bonnington''' ke kgaolo ya botlhophi mo [[Gaborone]] e e emetsweng kwa palamenteng ya Botswana ke [[Ndaba Gaolathe]], [[Mothusa Tautona wa Botswana|mothusa tautona wa Botswana]] fa e sale ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, masome a mabedi le bone. Ka dikhilomithara di le lesome le borobabongwe, borwa jwa Gaborone Bonnington ke kgaolo ya botlhophi e nnye go fetisa tse dingwe mo [[Botswana]]. == Maemo a kgaolo == Kgaolo e ya botlhophi e tlhamilwe ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bobedi, go tswa mo kgaolong ya pele ya bophirima jwa Gaborone borwa. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le bone, e ne ya fenngwa ke ntlhopheng wa [[Umbrella for Democratic Change|Umbrella For Democratic Change]] Ndaba Gaolathe. Ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi, lesome le borobabongwe, morago ga go tswa mo UDC ga ga Ndaba Gaolathe go tlhama [[Alliance for Progressives]]<ref>[https://www.eiu.com/n/ BMD splits and Alliance for Progressives is born The Economist] Intelligence Unit, 27 September 2017</ref>, o ne a latlhegelwa ke setilo sa gagwe kgatlhanong le ntlhopheng wa [[Botswana Democratic Party]] [[Christian Ntuba Greef]] mo phadisanong ya batho ba le bararo. Kgaolo e ya toropo e akaretsa mafelo a a latelang:<ref>''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/2022_Delimitation_Final_Report.pdf 2022 DELIMITATION COMMISSION REPORT]'' (PDF). 2022.</ref><ref>''[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/Final%20Report%20Delimitation.pdf REPORT OF THE DELIMITATION COMMISSION, 2012]'' (PDF). 2012.</ref> # Difetlhamolelo Block 9 # Mafikana Phase 4 # Madirelo # Mabudisa Phase 1 # Mafatswa # Kgale View == Mapalamente == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Tlhopho !Mofenyi |- |[[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2014 (Botswana)]] |[[Ndaba Gaolathe]] |- |[[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2019 (Botswana)]] |[[Christian Ntuba Greef]] |- |[[Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2024 (Botswana)]] |[[Ndaba Gaolathe]] |} == Maduo a ditlhopho == === Ditlhopho tsa 2024 === {| class="wikitable" |+Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2024: Gaborone Bonnington South<ref>[https://dailynews.gov.bw/news-detail/82880 "Gaolathe bags Gaborone Bonnington South"]. ''DailyNews''. 31 October 2024.</ref> !Phathi !Ntlhopheng !Ditalama !% !+-% |- |[[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] |[[Ndaba Gaolathe]] |dikete di robabobedi, masome a robabobedi le botlhano |63.73 | +41.16 |- |[[Botswana Democratic Party]] |[[Christian Ntuba Greef]] |dikete di le tharo, lekgolo, masome a mararo le motso |22.66 | -21.24 |- |[[Botswana Congress Party]] |Montwedi Muzila |sekete, makgolo a supa, masome a mararo le motso |12.53 |n/a |- |[[Botswana Patriotic Front]] |Evidence Ronald |masome a robabobedi le boraro |0.60 |n/a |- |[[Botswana Movement for Democracy]] |Thongbotho Morupisi |masome a marataro le bosupa |0.48 | +0.23 |- | colspan="2" |selekanyo sa phenyo |dikete di le tlhano, makgolo a marataro, masome a supa le bone |41.07 |n/a |- | colspan="2" |Ditalama tsotlhe tse di tlhomamisitsweng |dikete di le lesome le boraro, makgolo a robabobedi, lesome le bosupa |99.67 | +0.02 |- | colspan="2" |Ditalama tse di sa dumelwang |masome a mane le borataro |0.33 | -0.02 |- | colspan="2" |Go bonala ga batlhophi |dikete di le lesome le boraro, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a marataro le boraro |80.85 | -3.16 |- | colspan="2" |Batlhophi ba ba ikwadisitseng |dikete di le lesome le bosupa, lekgolo, masome a mane le bosupa | | |- | colspan="2" |UDC e tsaya mo go BDP |Phetogo | +31.20 | |} === Ditlhopho tsa 2019 === {| class="wikitable" |+Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2019: Gaborone Bonnington South<ref>[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/Botswana_2019_General_Elections_REPORT(1).pdf Independent Electoral Commission - Botswana National Assembly, 2019]</ref> !Phathi !Ntlhopheng !ditalama !% !+-% |- |[[Botswana Democratic Party]] |[[Christian Ntuba Greef]] |dikete di le nne, makgolo a marataro le boraro |43.90 | +12.79 |- |[[Alliance for Progressives]] |[[Ndaba Gaolathe]] |dikete di le tharo, makgolo a mane, masome a marataro le motso |33.01 | -24.48 |- |[[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] |Nelson Ramaotwana |dikete di le pedi, makgolo a mararo, masome a marataro le bosupa |22.57 | -34.92 |- |[[Real Alternative Party (Botswana)]] |Gaolathe Mokgosi |masome a mabedi le borobabongwe |0.29 |n/a |- |[[Botswana Movement for Democracy]] |Jopa Osupile |masome a mabedi le borataro |0.25 |n/a |- | colspan="2" |selekanyo sa phenyo |sekete, lekgolo, masome a mane le bobedi |10.89 | +17.08 |- | colspan="2" |Ditalama tsotlhe tse di tlhomamisitsweng |dikete di le lesome, makgolo a mane, masome a robabobedi le borataro |99.65 | -0.06 |- | colspan="2" |Ditalama tse di sa dumelwang |masome a mararo le bosupa |0.35 | +0.06 |- | colspan="2" |Go bonala ga batlhophi |dikete di le lesome, makgolo a matlhano, masome a mabedi le boraro |84.01 | +0.06 |- | colspan="2" |Batlhophi ba ba ikwadisitseng |dikete di le lesome le bobedi, makgolo a matlhano, masome a mabedi le borataro |dikete di le lesome le bobedi, makgolo a matlhano, masome a mabedi le borataro | |- | colspan="2" |BDP e tsaya mo UDC |Phetogo | +18.64 | |} === Ditlhopho tsa 2014 === {| class="wikitable" |+Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2014: Gaborone Bonnington South<ref>[https://www.iec.gov.bw/images/documents/2014%20General%20Elections%20Report.pdf Independent Electoral Commission - Botswana National Assembly, 2014]</ref> !Phathi !Ntlhopheng !ditalama !% |- |[[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] |[[Ndaba Gaolathe]] |dikete di le thataro, makgolo a marataro, masome a mane le borataro |57.49 |- |[[Botswana Democratic Party]] |[[Botsalo Ntuane]] |dikete di le tharo, makgolo a matlhano, masome a robabongwe le bosupa |31.11 |- |[[Botswana Congress Party]] |Abbey Buti Chengeta |sekete, makgolo a mararo lesome le borobabobedi |11.40 |- | colspan="2" |selekanyo sa phenyo |dikete di le tharo, masome a mane le borobabongwe |26.38 |- | colspan="2" |'''Go bonala ga batlhophi''' |dikete di le lesome le motso, makgolo a robabobedi,lesome le motso |83.95% |- | colspan="2" |'''Batlhophi ba ba ikwadisitseng''' |dikete di le lesome le boraro, makgolo a robabobedi, lesome le motso | |- | colspan="2" |'''Ditalama tsotlhe tse di dumeletsweng''' |dikete di le lesome le motso, makgolo a matlhano, masome a marataro le motso |99.71 |- | colspan="2" |'''Ditalama tse di sa dumelelwang''' |masome a mararo le bone |0.29 |- | colspan="4" |Phenyo ya UDC (setilo se sesha) |} == Metswedi == 9zup9jfvegvnm43xn1anejdfav1755p 0 14484 52681 2026-07-17T18:13:49Z ~2026-40357-92 12976 added a new article 52681 wikitext text/x-wiki == Nelson Mandela: Lentswe la Gagwe Kgatlhanong le Tlhaolele == Mo masomeng a dingwaga, Aforika Borwa e ne e kgaogantswe ke tsamaiso ya tlhaolele ya bomerafe e e itsegeng e le Tlhaolele. Thulaganyo eno, e e neng ya tlhangwa ke puso ya National Party ka 1948, e ne e kgaoganya batho go ya ka lotso mme e ne e ganela bontsi jwa batho ba Aforika Borwa ka ditshwanelo tsa motheo tsa sepolotiki, tsa loago le tsa ikonomi. Gareng ga batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba ganetsa tshiamololo eno, Nelson Mandela o ne a nna mongwe wa batho ba ba neng ba itsege thata ka go nna le moya wa go nna kgatlhanong le tshiamololo le go nna le tsholofelo.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nelson-Mandela/Incarceration</ref> 0evxl3dfbsnph4khcvebr6ti7n24k42 52682 52681 2026-07-17T18:16:59Z ~2026-40357-92 12976 added information 52682 wikitext text/x-wiki == Nelson Mandela: Lentswe la Gagwe Kgatlhanong le Tlhaolele == Mo masomeng a dingwaga, Aforika Borwa e ne e kgaogantswe ke tsamaiso ya tlhaolele ya bomerafe e e itsegeng e le Tlhaolele. Thulaganyo eno, e e neng ya tlhangwa ke puso ya National Party ka 1948, e ne e kgaoganya batho go ya ka lotso mme e ne e ganela bontsi jwa batho ba Aforika Borwa ka ditshwanelo tsa motheo tsa sepolotiki, tsa loago le tsa ikonomi. Gareng ga batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba ganetsa tshiamololo eno, Nelson Mandela o ne a nna mongwe wa batho ba ba neng ba itsege thata ka go nna le moya wa go nna kgatlhanong le tshiamololo le go nna le tsholofelo.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nelson-Mandela/Incarceration</ref> Kganetso ya ga Mandela kgatlhanong le tlhaolele e simolotse ka go nna le seabe ga gagwe mo African National Congress (ANC), kwa a neng a dira go lwantsha go tlhoka tekatekano ga bomorafe le go buelela ditshwanelo tsa bantsho ba Aforika Borwa. Fa e ne e le mmueledi yo mmotlana, o ne a bona mathata a letsatsi le letsatsi a a neng a bakwa ke melao ya tlhaolele, go akaretsa le go lelekwa ka dikgoka, go thibelwa go tsamaya le go ganelwa go nna le kemedi ya sepolotiki. Maitemogelo ano a ne a nonotsha maitlamo a gagwe a go bopa setšhaba sa temokerasi le sa tekatekano.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/mandela-day-has-south-africa-failed-his-vision/a-77980740</ref> 7zwu2kzbrzjgflm740c5chwvc59pesj 52683 52682 2026-07-17T18:21:39Z ~2026-40357-92 12976 added information 52683 wikitext text/x-wiki == Nelson Mandela: Lentswe la Gagwe Kgatlhanong le Tlhaolele == Mo masomeng a dingwaga, Aforika Borwa e ne e kgaogantswe ke tsamaiso ya tlhaolele ya bomerafe e e itsegeng e le Tlhaolele. Thulaganyo eno, e e neng ya tlhangwa ke puso ya National Party ka 1948, e ne e kgaoganya batho go ya ka lotso mme e ne e ganela bontsi jwa batho ba Aforika Borwa ka ditshwanelo tsa motheo tsa sepolotiki, tsa loago le tsa ikonomi. Gareng ga batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba ganetsa tshiamololo eno, Nelson Mandela o ne a nna mongwe wa batho ba ba neng ba itsege thata ka go nna le moya wa go nna kgatlhanong le tshiamololo le go nna le tsholofelo.<ref>https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nelson-Mandela/Incarceration</ref> Kganetso ya ga Mandela kgatlhanong le tlhaolele e simolotse ka go nna le seabe ga gagwe mo African National Congress (ANC), kwa a neng a dira go lwantsha go tlhoka tekatekano ga bomorafe le go buelela ditshwanelo tsa bantsho ba Aforika Borwa. Fa e ne e le mmueledi yo mmotlana, o ne a bona mathata a letsatsi le letsatsi a a neng a bakwa ke melao ya tlhaolele, go akaretsa le go lelekwa ka dikgoka, go thibelwa go tsamaya le go ganelwa go nna le kemedi ya sepolotiki. Maitemogelo ano a ne a nonotsha maitlamo a gagwe a go bopa setšhaba sa temokerasi le sa tekatekano.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/mandela-day-has-south-africa-failed-his-vision/a-77980740</ref> Kwa tshimologong, Mandela o ne a tshegetsa go nna kgatlhanong le tlhaolele ka kagiso ka matsholo le ditshupetso. Le fa go ntse jalo, morago ga gore puso e tsiboge ditshupetso tsa kagiso ka tirisodikgoka le go gagamatsa kgatelelo, Mandela o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhamiweng ga Umkhonto we Sizwe, lephata la sesole la ANC ka 1961. Go nna le seabe ga gagwe go ne go theilwe mo tumelong ya gore go ne go tlhokega gore go tsewe kgato e e gagametseng go gwetlha tsamaiso e e neng e gana go fetoga.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2026/jun/11/free-nelson-mandela-struggle-against-apartheid-tv-show-documentary-channel-four</ref> ajpwj2dpd8v5bi6vn7nsm0xyb5sv5ro 52684 52683 2026-07-17T18:24:02Z ~2026-40357-92 12976 added information 52684 wikitext text/x-wiki == Nelson Mandela: Lentswe la Gagwe Kgatlhanong le Tlhaolele == Mo masomeng a dingwaga, Aforika Borwa e ne e kgaogantswe ke tsamaiso ya tlhaolele ya bomerafe e e itsegeng e le Tlhaolele. Thulaganyo eno, e e neng ya tlhangwa ke puso ya National Party ka 1948, e ne e kgaoganya batho go ya ka lotso mme e ne e ganela bontsi jwa batho ba Aforika Borwa ka ditshwanelo tsa motheo tsa sepolotiki, tsa loago le tsa ikonomi. Gareng ga batho ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba ganetsa tshiamololo eno, Nelson Mandela o ne a nna mongwe wa batho ba ba neng ba itsege thata ka go nna le moya wa go nna kgatlhanong le tshiamololo le go nna le tsholofelo.<ref name=":0">https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nelson-Mandela/Incarceration</ref> Kganetso ya ga Mandela kgatlhanong le tlhaolele e simolotse ka go nna le seabe ga gagwe mo African National Congress (ANC), kwa a neng a dira go lwantsha go tlhoka tekatekano ga bomorafe le go buelela ditshwanelo tsa bantsho ba Aforika Borwa. Fa e ne e le mmueledi yo mmotlana, o ne a bona mathata a letsatsi le letsatsi a a neng a bakwa ke melao ya tlhaolele, go akaretsa le go lelekwa ka dikgoka, go thibelwa go tsamaya le go ganelwa go nna le kemedi ya sepolotiki. Maitemogelo ano a ne a nonotsha maitlamo a gagwe a go bopa setšhaba sa temokerasi le sa tekatekano.<ref>https://www.dw.com/en/mandela-day-has-south-africa-failed-his-vision/a-77980740</ref> Kwa tshimologong, Mandela o ne a tshegetsa go nna kgatlhanong le tlhaolele ka kagiso ka matsholo le ditshupetso. Le fa go ntse jalo, morago ga gore puso e tsiboge ditshupetso tsa kagiso ka tirisodikgoka le go gagamatsa kgatelelo, Mandela o ne a nna le seabe mo go tlhamiweng ga Umkhonto we Sizwe, lephata la sesole la ANC ka 1961. Go nna le seabe ga gagwe go ne go theilwe mo tumelong ya gore go ne go tlhokega gore go tsewe kgato e e gagametseng go gwetlha tsamaiso e e neng e gana go fetoga.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2026/jun/11/free-nelson-mandela-struggle-against-apartheid-tv-show-documentary-channel-four</ref>Ka 1962, Mandela o ne a tshwarwa, mme ka 1964 o ne a atlholelwa botshelo jotlhe kwa kgolegelong ka nako ya Tsheko ya Rivonia. Dingwaga tse 27 tse a di feditseng a le kwa kgolegelong e ne ya nna letshwao le le maatla la go lwantsha tlhaolele. Go na le gore go tsenngwa ga gagwe mo kgolegelong go koafatse mokgatlho ono, go ne ga dira gore batho ba dinaga tse dingwe ba ele tlhoko tshiamololo e e neng e dirwa mo Afrika Borwa le go oketsa kgatelelo e e neng e dirwa mo pusong ya tlhaolele.<ref name=":0" /> h0oa6a98pwmlfqxnqz0u5h7c4ejvm7k 0 14485 52686 2026-07-17T18:42:55Z Reagoleboga 10854 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1362334548|Mbekezeli Mbokazi]]" 52686 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mbekezeli Mfanufikile Mbokazi yo''' o itsegeng e '''leTLB''' ( o tshotswe ka 19 Lwetse 2005 ) ke motshameki wa kgwele ya dinao wa seporofešenale wa Aforika Borwa, o tshameka jaaka motshamiki wa morago mo setlhopheng sa Liki e Kgolo ya Kgwele ya Dinao sa Chicago Fire le mo setlhopheng sa bosetšhaba sa Aforikaborwa . == Boiphediso jwa tlelapo == === Orlando Pirates === E ne e le mokapotene wa setlhopha sa Pirates DDC mo Resefeng ya PSL ka 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sithole |first=Sinethemba |date=2025-03-20 |title=How Chiefs and 3 other PSL clubs rejected Mbokazi |url=https://farpost.co.za/2025/03/20/how-chiefs-and-3-other-psl-clubs-rejected-mbokazi/ |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=FARPost |language=en-ZA}}</ref> Mbokazi o tshameketse kgwele ya dinao, jaaka motshameki wa ntlha mo setlhopheng se segolo [[Orlando Pirates F.C.|sa Orlando Pirates]] ka la bo 5 Mopitlwe 2025 mo phenyong ya 1-0 kgatlhanong le Chippa United. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Reporter |first=KO Staff |title=Pirates' new 'Mbazo' shines on debut |url=https://www.snl24.com/kickoff/sanews/premiership/orlando-pirates/pirates-defender-mbokazi-speaks-after-impressive-debut-vs-chippa-20250306 |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=Kickoff |language=en-US}}</ref> O fentse sekgele sa gagwe sa ntlha sa motshameko le Pirates kgatlhanong le Mamelodi Sundowns mme o ne a tlotliwa ka ntlha ya go tshameka sentle mo go sireletseng ka di 16 Mopitlwe 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kohler |first=Lorenz |date=2025-03-17 |title=Mbokazi - We Knew They Were Not Going To Come Out Alive |url=https://www.idiskitimes.co.za/betway-premiership/mbokazi-we-knew-they-were-not-going-to-come-out-alive/ |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=iDiski Times |language=en-US}}</ref> 6hrzpum0qsjjdpnnbh8baqoh5ycw4ki 0 14486 52687 2026-07-18T07:43:17Z ~2026-40322-23 12977 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Dinare tsa Afrika 52687 wikitext text/x-wiki Nare ya Aforika (Syncerus caffer) ke mofuta o motona wa Nare ya nnete e e tlholegang mo Sub-Saharan Afrika, <ref>[[:en:Peter_Grubb_(zoologist)|Grubb, P]]. (2005). [http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14200707 "Order Artiodactyla"]. In [[:en:Don_E._Wilson|Wilson, D.E]].; Reeder, D.M (eds.). ''[http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA695%E2%80%93696 Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference]'' (3rd&#x20;ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp.&#x20;695–696. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:en:Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8221-0|<bdi>978-0-8018-8221-0</bdi>.]] [[:en:OCLC_(identifier)|OCLC]]&#x20;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62265494 62265494]</ref>koo e fitlhelwang mo mafelong a le mmalwa a a kgaoganeng go tswa kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Senegal go ralala Bophirima le Bogare jwa Aforika go ya Aforika Borwa.<ref>IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2019). [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/21251/50195031 "''Syncerus caffer''".] ''[[:en:IUCN_Red_List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]''. '''2019''' e.T21251A50195031. doi:[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T21251A50195031.en|10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T21251A50195031.en.]] Retrieved 19 November 2021.</ref> Dinaka tsa kgama e e godileng ya mo Afrika ke tsone tse di e tlhaolang: di na le metheo e e kopaneng e e bopang thebe e e tswelelang ya lerapo, e e bidiwang "boss", e e kgabaganyang karolo e e kwa godimo ya tlhogo. Nare ya Aforika e amana thata le dinare tsa Asia (Bubalus) go na le dinare tse dingwe tse di jaaka Nare ya Amerika kgotsa [[dikgomo]] tsa mo gae. <ref>Jirik, Kate. [https://ielc.libguides.com/sdzg/factsheets/forestbuffalo/taxonomy "LibGuides: Forest Buffalo (''Syncerus caffer nanus'') Fact Sheet: Taxonomy & History"]. ''ielc.libguides.com''. Retrieved 2023-04-30.</ref>Boikutlo jwa yone jo bo sa kgoneng go bonelwa pele e ka tswa e le lengwe la mabaka a go bo nare ya Afrika e ise e ko e ruelelwe e bile e se na ditlogolwana tse di ruilweng, go farologana le yak ya naga le nare ya metsi e e sa ruelwang, tse e leng bagologolwane ba yak ya mo gae le nare ya metsi. Ditshedi tse di jang dinare tsa Afrika tse di godileng di akaretsa [[ditau]], [[dintša]] tsa naga tsa Afrika, diphiri tse di nang le marontho le dikwena tsa Nile. E re ka e le nngwe ya diphologolo tse tlhano tse dikgolo tse di tsomiwang, nare ya Cape (Syncerus caffer caffer), e leng mofuta o mogolo go gaisa e e tlholegang kwa botlhaba le kwa borwa jwa Afrika, ke phenyo e e batliwang thata mo go tsomeng. Nare ya Aforika ke mofuta o o nonofileng thata. Boleele jwa yone jwa magetla bo ka nna go tswa go 1.0 go ya go 1.7 m (3 ft 3 in go ya go 5 ft 7 in) mme boleele jwa yone jwa tlhogo le mmele bo ka nna go tswa go 1.7 go ya go 3.4 m (5 ft 7 in go ya go 11 ft 2 in). Mogatla o ka nna boleele jwa dicentimetarata masome a supa go ya go lekgolo le lesome(2 ft 4 in go ya go 3 ft 7 in).<ref>Huffman, Brent (2010-05-24). [https://web.archive.org/web/20120319074627/http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Artiodactyla/Syncerus_caffer.html "Syncerus caffer – African buffalo".] Ultimateungulate.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-19. Retrieved 2010-10-23.</ref>Fa e bapisiwa le di-bovid tse dingwe tse dikgolo, e na le mmele o moleele fela o o bokete (boleele jwa mmele bo ka feta jwa nare ya metsi ya naga, e e bokete le go nna telele) le maoto a makhutshwane fela a a bokima, se se feletsang ka bogodimo jo bokhutshwane jwa go ema. Dinare tsa kwa Kapa di bokete jwa dikilogerama di le makgolo a mane le masome a mabedi le botlhano go ya go makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa (937 go ya go 1,918 lb) (tse ditonanyana di bokete jwa dikilogerama di ka nna lekgolo (220 lb) go feta tse di namagadi).<ref>Estes, Richard; et&#x20;al. (2020). [https://www.britannica.com/animal/Cape-buffalo "Cape buffalo".] ''Britannica''. Retrieved 2023-02-16.</ref>Fa go bapisiwa, dinare tsa sekgwa tsa Aforika, ka bokete jwa makgolo a mabedi le botlhano go ya go makgolo a mane le botlhano (600 go ya go 1,000 lb), ke sephatlo fela ya bokete joo.<ref>Boitani, Luigi, ''Simon & Schuster's Guide to Mammals''. Simon & Schuster/Touchstone Books (1984), ISBN</ref>Tlhogo ya yone e rwele kwa tlase; bogodimo jwa yone bo ka fa tlase ga mola wa morago. Ditlhakwana tsa kwa pele tsa nare di bophara go feta tsa kwa morago, se se amanang le tlhokego ya go tshegetsa bokete jwa karolo e e kwa pele ya mmele, e e bokete le maatla go feta ya kwa morago. Dinare tsa mofuta wa Savannah di na le letlalo le lentsho kgotsa tse di borokwa jo bontsho fa di ntse di gola. Dipoo tse di godileng gantsi di na le didiko tse di bosweu go dikologa matlho le mo sefatlhegong. Dinamagadi di na le tlwaelo ya go nna le maboa a a bohibidu jo bontsi. Dinare tsa mofuta wa sekgwa di dinnye ka 30–40%, di mmala o o borokwa jo bohibidu, ka kgolo ya moriri o montsi thata go dikologa ditsebe le dinaka tse di obegetseng kwa morago le go ya kwa godimo go se kae. Dinamane tsa mefuta ka bobedi di na le dikobo tse dikhibidu. == Metswedi == ju8j98gnmdugq4cqebmcvhgjc3t979z 0 14487 52690 2026-07-18T08:20:08Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA TSHIPA 52690 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tshipa''' (Civettictis civetta) ke setshedi se setona se se tshelang se se tlholegang mo Aforika e e kwa borwa jwa Sahara, koo se tsewang se tlwaelegile e bile se anamisiwa thata mo dikgweng le mo dikgweng tsa bobedi. E ntse e le mo lenaneong la IUCN Red List go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi . Mo mafatsheng a mangwe, e tshosediwa ka go tsomiwa, mme batho ba ba e tshwarwang kwa nageng ba tsholwa go dira civetone ya [[madirelo a dinkgisamonate]].<ref>Do Linh San, E.; Gaubert, P.; Wondmagegne, D.; Ray, J. (2019) [amended version of 2015 assessment]. [https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41695/147992107 "''Civettictis civetta''".] ''[[:en:IUCN_Red_List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]''. '''2019''' e.T41695A147992107. doi:1[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T41695A147992107.en|0.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T41695A147992107.en.]] Retrieved 14 March 2022.</ref> Tshipa e nna bosigo thata mme e fetsa letsatsi e robetse mo dimeleng tse di kitlaneng, mme e tsoga fa letsatsi le phirima. Ke seamusi se se nosi se se nang le mmala o o kgethegileng: mabala a mantsho le masweu a a khurumetsang pelage ya yona e e makgwakgwa le dipalamonwana mo mogatleng ke mokgwa o o atlegileng wa sephiri. Dithapo tse dintsho tse di dikologileng matlho a yone di tshwana thata le tsa [[raccoon]]. Dikarolo tse dingwe tse di e tlhaolang ke dikarolo tsa yone tse ditona tse di sa lekalekaneng tsa kwa morago le tlhogo ya yone e e emeng ya mokwatla. Ke omnivorous generalist, e ja ditshedi tse dinnye tse di nang le lerapo la mokwatla, tse di senang lerapo la mokwatla, mae, ditopo le dilo tsa merogo. Ke nngwe ya ditshedi tse di mmalwa tse di jang nama tse di kgonang go ja ditshedi tse di senang lerapo la mokwatla tse di botlhole jaaka dintlhwa le di-millipede.<ref>Richardson, P. R. K.; Levitan, C. D. (1994). [https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/75/1/84/860853 "Tolerance of Aardwolves to Defense Secretions of ''Trinervitermes trinervoides''".] ''Journal of Mammalogy''. '''75''' (1): 84–91. doi:[[doi:10.2307/1382238|10.2307/1382238.]] JSTOR&#x20;1382238.</ref> <ref>Kingdon, J. (2015). [https://books.google.com/books?id=p1hMCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA409 "African Civet ''Civettictis civetta''"]. ''The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals'' (Second&#x20;ed.). London, New Delhi, New York, Sydney: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp.&#x20;409–410. ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-1-4729-2531-2</bdi>.</ref>E lemoga diphologolo tse e di bolayang thata ka monko le modumo go na le go di bona. Ke yona fela tokololo e e tshelang ya mofuta wa Civettictis.<ref>Ray, J. C. (1995). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130515034023/http://www.science.smith.edu/msi/pdf/i0076-3519-488-01-0001.pdf "''Civettictis civetta''"] (PDF). ''Mammalian Species'' (488): 1–7. doi:[[doi:10.2307/3504320|10.2307/3504320. JSTOR&#x20;3504320.]] [[:en:S2CID_(identifier)|S2CID&#x20;253932202.]] Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-15. Retrieved 2011-09-22.</ref> == Thulaganyo ya ditshedi le thutotlhagelelo == Viverra civetta e ne e le [[Leina la maranyane|leina la]] [[Leina la maranyane|maranyane]] le le tlhagisitsweng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a supa le masome a supa le borataro ke [[Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber]] fa a ne a tlhalosa ka Tshipa tsa Aforika go ikaegilwe ka ditlhaloso le dipegelo tse di fetileng.<ref>[[:en:W._Chris_Wozencraft|Wozencraft, W. C]]. (2005). [http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14000378 "''Civettictis civetta''"]. In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). ''[http://www.google.com/books?id=JgAMbNSt8ikC&pg=PA554 Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference]'' (3rd&#x20;ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p.&#x20;554. [[:en:ISBN_(identifier)|ISBN&#x20;<bdi>978-0-8018-8221-0</bdi>. OCLC&#x20;62265494]]</ref> Ka jalo Schreber o tsewa e le taolo ya dipalo tse pedi.<ref>Schreber, J. C. D. (1778). [https://archive.org/stream/SaYugthiereAbbiIIISchr#page/418/mode/2up "Die Civette ''Viverra civetta''".] ''Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur, mit Beschreibungen''. Erlangen: Wolfgang Walther. pp.&#x20;418–420.</ref> Ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le lesome le botlhano, [[Reginald Innes Pocock]] o ne a tlhalosa dipharologano tsa popego ya dinao tsa disampole tsa civet ya Afrika le ya India e kgolo (Vivera zibetha) mo kokoanyong ya diphologolo ya Musiamo wa Ditsi ya Tlhago, kwa Lontone. Ka ntlha ya dipharologano tse di bonalang, o ne a tshitshinya Civettictis jaaka mofuta o mošwa, ka C. civetta jaaka mofuta fela.<ref>Pocock, R. I. (1915). [[iarchive:proceedingsofzoo19151298zool/page/130|"On the Feet and Glands and other External Characters of the Viverrinae, with the description of a New Genus"]]. ''Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London''. '''85''': 131−149. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1915.00131.x.</ref>Mefutapotlana e e latelang e ne ya tshitshinngwa mo lekgolong la bo masome a mabedi la dingwaga: * C. c. congica e e tlhalositsweng ke [[Ángel Cabrera]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe e ne e le sekai sa diphologolo go tswa kwa godimo ga [[Noka ya Congo]].<ref name=":0">Cabrera, A. (1929). [http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/spa/Libro.php?Libro=1412&Pagina=37 "Catálogo descriptivo de las mamíferos de la Guinea Española".] ''Memorias de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural''. '''16''': 31−32</ref> * C. c. schwarzi e ne ya akantshiwa ke Cabrera ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le borobabongwe ka ga disampole tsa civet tsa Afrika go tswa kwa Afrika Botlhaba.<ref name=":0" /> * C. c. australis e e tlhalosiwang ke [[Bengt G. Lundholm]] ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le botlhano e ne e theilwe mo setshwantshong sa mofuta wa tona le ditshwantshong tse tharo tsa mofuta wa tona tse di kgobokantsweng gaufi le [[Noka ya Olifants( Western Cape)|Noka ya Olifants]] kwa porofenseng ya bokonebotlhaba jwa Transvaal. <ref name=":1">Lundholm, B. G. (1955). [https://journals.co.za/docserver/fulltext/nfi_annalstm/22/3/396.pdf "Descriptions of new mammals"] (PDF). ''Annals of the Transvaal Museum''. '''22''' (3): 279−303</ref> * C. c. volkmanni e e tlhalositsweng gape ke Lundholm ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le botlhano e ne e le sekai go tswa mo tikologong ya Otavi kwa [[Namibia]]. <ref name=":1" /> * C. c. pauli e e tlhalositsweng ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi ke [[Dieter Kock]], Künzel le Rayaleh e ne e le sekai se se kgobokantsweng gaufi le lotshitshi gaufi le [[Djibouti]]. <ref>Kock, D.; Künzel, T.; Rayaleh, H. A. (2000). "The African civet, ''Civettictis civetta'' (Schreber 1776), of Djibouti representing a new subspecies (Mammalia, Carnivora, Viverridae)". ''Senckenbergiana Biologica''. '''80''' (1/2): 241−246.</ref> Patlisiso e e dirilweng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borobabongwe e lemogile gore civet eno e ne e farologane thata le di-viverrin tse dingwe ka ntlha ya meno a yone gore e ka tsenngwa mo losikeng lwa yone. <ref>Petter, G. (1969). "Interpretive Evolution des charactères de la dentures des Viverrides africaines" &#x5B;interpretive evolution of characters of the teeth in African Viverridae&#x5D;. ''Mammalia'' (in French). '''33''' (4): 607–625. doi:[[doi:10.1515/mamm.1969.33.4.607|10.1515/mamm.1969.33.4.607]]. S2CID&#x20;84087004.</ref> == Metswedi == 5csn3shm4yvz12dzb7btmjqo7za26n6 0 14488 52692 2026-07-18T09:07:28Z MmaBaggio 11091 #Wikipedia25BW KE RANOTSE TSEBE YA Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 2019 (Botswana) 52692 wikitext text/x-wiki Ditlhopho tsa kakaretso di ne tsa tshwarwa kwa [[Botswana]] ka kgwedi ya Phalaneele masome a mabedi le boraro,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe go tlhopha maloko a Palamente le makhanselara a puso ya selegae. <ref>in May 2019 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200304151836/https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/botswana-to-hold-elections-on-october-23-20190831|date=2020-03-04}} News 24, 31 August 2019</ref>Le fa go ne go na le kgaogano e kgolo mo lekokong la [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP) ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe fa Tautona wa maloba [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]] a ne a tlogela lekoko mme a fetola tshegetso ya gagwe go ya go [[Botswana Patriotic Front]] e ntšhwa, palo ya ditalama tsa lekoko la BDP e ne ya oketsega go nna 53% fa lekoko le ne le gapa ditilo di le masome a mararo le borobabobedi mo go tse masome a matlhano le bosupa tse di tlhophilweng mo [[Kokoanong Bosetšhaba]], e leng phitlhelelo e le nngwe fa go bapisiwa le ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bone . Ditlhopho e ne e le phenyo ya bolesomepedi e e latelanang ya BDP. Go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le borataro, e ne e le lekgetlo la bofelo BDP e fenya ditlhopho tsa kakaretso. == Se se diragetseng == Morago ga ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone, go ne go na le makoko a mabedi a a ganetsanang mo palamenteng: [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]] (lekgotla la Botswana National Front, [[Botswana Movement for Democracy]] le Botswana People's Party), le [[Botswana Congress Party]] (BCP). Ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa , Botswana Congress Party (BCP) le yona e ne ya tsenela [[Umbrella for Democratic Change]], e e kopanyang makoko otlhe a kganetso a palamente.<ref>[http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details-archive.php?nid=3455 Boko unveils new UDC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101130440/http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details-archive.php?nid=3455|date=2020-01-01}} Weekend Post, 13 February 2017</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, ka kgwedi ya Phalane,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa, [[Alliance for Progressives|Alliance for Progressives,]] e e eteletsweng pele ke [[Ndaba Gaolathe]], e ne ya kgaogana le Botswana Movement for Democracy (BMD). <ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/201710300228.html Botswana: Alliance for Progressives Launches] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190120194616/https://allafrica.com/stories/201710300228.html|date=2019-01-20}} Botswana Daily News</ref>BMD e ne ya lelekwa mo mokgatlhong ka kgwedi ya Phalane,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi morago ga go gana go tlogela dikgaolo tsa ditlhopho tse e neng e di abetswe kwa tshimologong.<ref>[http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details.php?nid=5758 UDC kicks out BMD, at last..]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121010723/http://www.weekendpost.co.bw/wp-news-details.php?nid=5758|date=2019-01-21}} Weekend Post, 29 October 2018</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine</ref> Ka kgwedi ya Moranang e rongwa,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobaboobedi, [[Mokgweetsi Masisi]] wa [[Botswana Democratic Party]] (BDP) o ne a ikana jaaka Tautona wa botlhano wa Botswana, a emisetsa [[Ian Khama Seretse Khama|Ian Khama]]. BDP e ne ya tshwara ditlhopho tsa yona tsa ntlha ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong ele masome a mabedi le kgwedi ya Phatwe e le masome a mabedi le botlhano,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi go tlhopha bontlhopheng ba yona, ka bontlhopheng ba ba fetang sekete le makgolo a mararo ba ba neng ba itlhaganelela go tlhophiwa go tsenela ditlhopho tsa kakaretso. <ref>[https://allafrica.com/stories/201808240254.html Botswana: BDP, AP Hold Primary Elections] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104020231/https://allafrica.com/stories/201808240254.html|date=2019-11-04}} Botswana Daily News</ref>Morago ga go sa utlwane le Masisi, Khama o ne a tlogela BDP ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwemme a itsise gore o tla dira letsholo kgatlhanong le lekoko la gagwe la pele go tshegetsa Botswana Patriotic Front. <ref>[http://www.sundaystandard.info/khama-officially-quits-bdp-new-party-confirmed Khama officially quits BDP as new party is confirmed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190905023418/http://www.sundaystandard.info/khama-officially-quits-bdp-new-party-confirmed|date=2019-09-05}} Sunday Standard, 26 May 2019</ref> == Tsamaiso ya ditlhopho == Maloko a le masome a marataro le botlhano a [[Kokoano Bosetšhaba]] a ne a na le maloko a le masaome a matlhano le bosupa a a tlhophilweng ka ditlhopho tsa leloko le le lengwe ka ntlha ya ditlhopho tsa pele, maloko a le marataro a a tlhophilweng ke lekoko le le busang, le maloko a le mabedi a ex-officio (Tautona le sebui).<ref>[https://www.parliament.gov.bw/index.php/frequently-asked-questions#q1 "FAQs".] ''Parliament of Botswana''. Retrieved 21 April 2022.</ref> Batlhophi ba ne ba tshwanetse go nna baagi ba Botswana le go nna le dingwaga di le lesome le borobabobedi, le go nna mo nageng eo bonnye dikgwedi di le lesome le bobedi pele ba ka ikwadisa go nna batlhophi. Batho ba ba neng ba kaiwa ba sa itekanela mo tlhaloganyong, ba na le boagi jo bo gabedi, ba ne ba le ka fa tlase ga katlholo ya loso, ba ne ba bonwe molato wa tlolomolao ya ditlhopho kgotsa ba tshwerwe bonnye dikgwedi di le thataro ba ne ba sa letlelelwa go tlhopha.<ref name=":0">[http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2041_B.htm Electoral system] IPU</ref> Bakgethi ba ne ba tshwanetse go nna baagi ba Botswana, ba na le dingwaga di le masome a mabedi le bongwe, ba sena go latlhegelwa ke madi mme ba kgona go bua le go bala Seesimane sentle go ka tsaya karolo mo ditsamaisong tsa palamente.<ref name=":0" /> Ditlhabololo di le mmalwa tse di tshitshintsweng tsa Molao wa Ditlhopho, go akaretsa go tsenngwa ga go bouta ka eleketeroniki le koketsego ya dituelo tsa go thapiwa, di ne tsa tlogelwa ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi.<ref>[https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/botswana/politics-2019.htm Botswana - 2019 Election] Global Security</ref> Letsatsi la ditlhopho le malatsi a mabedi a a latelang a ne a bolelwa e le malatsi a boikhutso a setšhaba.<ref>Menzi Ndhlovu: ''[https://mg.co.za/article/2019-10-17-khamas-hand-still-rocks-botswana Khama’s hand still rocks Botswana.]'' {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023140538/https://mg.co.za/article/2019-10-17-khamas-hand-still-rocks-botswana/|date=2019-10-23}} [[:en:Mail_&_Guardian|Mail & Guardian]], 17 October 2019.</ref> == Maduo == == Ditlamorago == [[African Union]] le [[SADC]] di ne tsa bitsa ditlhopho di re di gololesegile e bile di siame, mme di ne tsa tshwaya phoso tlhaelo ya enke e e sa phimogeng le mabokoso a go bouta a a phatsimang kwa mafelong a ditlhopho. <ref>[https://freedomhouse.org/country/botswana/freedom-world/2020 "Botswana: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report".] Retrieved 18 May 2020.</ref> Batlhatlhobi ba boditšhabatšhaba ba ne ba bolela fa ditlhopho di le "kgololesegile e bile di siame". <ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-botswana-election-idUSKBN1X40KS "Botswana's Masisi retains presidency as BDP wins election".] ''Reuters''. 25 October 2019.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe moeteledipele wa kganetso [[Duma Boko]] o ne a re go nnile le "go sa tsamaisaneng go gogolo ga ditlhopho" mme a bolela gore o ikaeletse go gwetlha dipholo kwa kgotlatshekelo. <ref>MTHOKOZISI DUBE (1 November 2019). [https://www.iol.co.za/the-star/news/botswana-opposition-leader-questions-election-results-wants-to-challenge-them-court-36432492 "Botswana opposition leader questions election results, wants to challenge them court".] ''IOL''. Archived from the original on 2 November 2019. Retrieved 2 November 2019.</ref> Boikuelo bo ne jwa ganwa kwa tshimologong ke Kgotlatshekelo Kgolo ka Sedimonthole, mme Boko e ne ya ikuela ka katlego kwa Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo kwa tshimologong ya kgwedi ya Ferikgong ,ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200112095003/https://www.france24.com/en/20200108-botswana-opposition-wins-right-to-challenge-election-result "Botswana opposition wins right to challenge election result - France 24".] ''France 24''. 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 12 January 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2020.</ref> Le fa go ntse jalo, kwa theetsong e e tletseng kwa bokhutlong jwa Ferikgong, Kgotlatshekelo ya Boikuelo e ne ya gana dikopo ka ntlha ya gore e ne e sena taolo e e lekaneng go di reetsa. <ref>[https://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=84202&dir=2020/january/31 Court of Appeal ends UDC petition case with dismissal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201004052128/https://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?aid=84202&dir=2020%2Fjanuary%2F31|date=2020-10-04}} Mmegi Online, 31 January 2020</ref> == Metswedi == lflgpjwzw0aqtdasha8d6fakpit2b9r